Full text of "House & garden"

HOUSE # GARDEN

AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE
DEVOTED TO THE HOME, ITS PLANNING,
BUILDING, FURNISHING AND DECORATING
AND TO THE PLANTING AND
CARE OF THE GARDEN AND GROUNDS

VOLUME XXI I I

January, 1913, to June, 1913, inclusive

NEW YORK

McBRIDE, NAST & COMPANY

1913

Of)

INDEX

(By author and subject. The references are to pages in Volume XXIII.)

After-dinner Coffee Stand, An, p. 42.

All-Phlox Border, The, p. 246.

Anemones, p. 377.

Animal Neighbors, Your, p. 287.

Annuals, Ten, for this Year's Garden, p. 270.

The best use of, p. 384.
Architects,

Albro & Lindeburg, pp. 10, 14.

Biglow & Wadsworth, p. 40.

Chandler, Howland S., p. 97.

Green, I. W., p. 456.

Hooper, Parker Morse, pp. 118, 394.

Jackson, Allen W., pp. 24, 456.

Keen, Charles Barton, p. :!67.

Lee, W. Duncan, p. 298.

O'Conner, James W., p. 455.

Platt, Charles A., p. 14.

Remick, Arthur T., p. 484.

Wait, Charles R., p. 29.

Ware, Arthur, p. 19-i
Asters, Success with, p. 388.
Attracting the Wild Birds, p. 461.
Authors,

Adams, H. S., pp. 284. 336, 384. 50:',.

Allen, Nina R., p. 388.

Angell, I. M., p. 148.

Anthony, John, p. 174.

Baynes, Ernest Harold, p. 287.

Bean, Margaret, p. 463.

Bennett, Ida D., pp. 177, 292.

Bishop, Tyndall, p. 102.

Boecklin, Werner, p. 146.

Brinckloe, William Draper, p. 21.

Brochner, Georg, p. 464.

Brown, Frank Chouteau. p. 14.

Byne, Arthur, p. 32.

Calvene, E. O., p. 273.

Conover, M. Roberts, pp. 86, 213, 244.

Danforth, Ralph E., p. 246.

Dean, Arthur W., pp. 159. 377.
Mark, p. 37.

Dillon, Julia Lester, pp. 216, 340, 359. 518.

Dimock, A. W., p. 91.

Ditman, Marion S., p. 476.

Doogue, Luke J., p. 75.

Dunn, K. R., p. 295.

E. A. S., p. 72.

Eaton, Walter Prichard, p. 267.

Eberlein, H. D., pp. 115, 179.

Edson, D. R., p. 276.

Ellis, A. Raymond, pp. 112. 455.

Farrington, Chas. K., p. 20.
E. I., pp. 221, 374, 461.

Gilbert, W. R.. pp. 74. 150. 211.

Godinez, F. Laurent, pp. 26, 95, 169. 270.

Goodhue, E. I., p. 296.

Hopkins, Alfred, p. 482.

Jackson, Allen W., p. 23.

Lamb, F. S., p. 471.

McClure, Abbot, p. 179.

Moore. N. Hudson, pp. 140. 262. 362.

Northend, Mary H., p. 97.

Oliver, Jean, p. 462.

Priestman, Mabel Tuke. p. 367.

Roach, J. V., p. 240.

Rockwell, F. F., pp. 35. 108. 116, 172. 182.
290, 390, 448.

Shaw, Lillie F., p. 361.

Shrimpton, Louise, pp. 105, 185.

Stewart, Jennie E., p. 330.

Stockton, A. E., p. 221.

Strain, B. M., p. 244.

Tabor, Grace, pp. 279, 370, 381, 468.

Vollmer, Wm. A., p. 1.90.

Wait, Chas. R., p. 29.

Walker. Lydia LeBaron, p. 478.

Whetzel, W. H., p. 373.

White, Charles E., Jr., M. A. I. A., p. 17.

Williamson, Draper, p. 11.

Woolley, Claude, p. 379.

Yates, Lucy H., pp. 188, 512.
Back Yard, Beautifying the Small, p. 100.

Embellishing the, p. 386.

Baskets, Two Schemes for Hanging, p. 190.
Bathroom Fittings, Convenient, p. 43.
Beautifying the Small Back Yard, p. 100.
Big Task for March, The, p. 198.
Birds, Attracting the Wild, p. 461.

How to Attract Martins and Other, p. 442.

When Fine Feathers Make Fine, p. 374.
Book Reviews, p. 449.
Brass, To Clean Unlacquered, p. 121.

Ware, Cleaning, p. 196.
Brown-Tail Moth. p. 447.
Building, pp. 20. 21.

the Pouhry Quarters, p. 482.
Built-in Furniture, p. 197.

In the House, The Place of, p. 10.">.
Bungalows and Camps for Summer Dwell-
ings, p. 474.

An Attractive Western, of Low Cost,
p. 463.

A Woods, with City Conveniences, p.

462.

Butler's Pantry, For the, p. 63.
Calendar, Spraying, p. 425.
Campaign, 'Mapping out a, p. 46.
Camps and Bungalows, p. 474.
Care of the Lawn, p. 303.
Carpet, Rag, Machine-Sewed, p. 120.
Cellar Problem, The. p. 300.
Cellars, p. 20.

Cement Driveway, A., p. 146.
Chests, Antique, p. 362.
China, Medallion, p. 140.
Chintzes, Some Xew. p. 196.
Christmas Decorations, p. 43.
Chrysanthemums, p. 377.
Cleaning Brassware, p. 196.
Closet. A Convenient Shelf, p. 121.
Coat Hanger, A Novel, p. 396.
Coffee Stand, An Aifter-dinner, p. 42.
Collectors' Corner, The, pp. 67. 140, 218, 262,

362.

Color in the Flower Garden, p. 292.
Convenient Bathroom Fittings, p. 43.

Shelf Closet, p. 121.
Cooking Vegetables, p. 512.
Correspondence, p. 232.
Cowslip, p. 398.

Crittenden, Home of Walter H., p. 394.
Crocus as a H'ouse Plant, The, p. 147.
Cultivation of the Vegetable Garden, p. 458.
Curtains Made from Old Ones, New, p. 300.

Summer Window, p. 486.

Window, Hanging Effectively, p. 397.
Dahlias, p. 377.
Daisy, p. 398.

Decorating Suggestions, Interior, p. 396.
Decoration at Home, Floral, p. 120.

.Vines for Window, p. 45.
Decorations, Christmas, p. 43.
Dog, Training the, pp. 4, 86.
Door Catch Device, A, p. 486.
Drainage and Irrigation, Proper, p. 199.
Drinking Pan and Grit Box, p. 448.
Driveway, A Cement, p. 146.
Dying Hickory Tree, The, p. 142.
Earth and the Seed, The, p. 302.
Edgings for Garden Walks, p. 150.
Editorial, pp. 46, 124. 200, 304, 400, 490.
Fggs for Hatching, Selecting, p. 214.

Preserving, p. 5.

Elder Bushes, An Experience with, p. 71.
Electrical Apparatus, p. 396.
English Cottage, p. 381.
Epicure in the Garden, The, p. 188.
Equipping the Kitchen, p. 185.
Experience with Elder Bushes, An. p. 71.
Fall Garden, Cut Flowers from the, p. 377.
Fancy Fowl, p. 374.
Fence, A Good, Inexpensive Concrete, p.

242.

Ferns that can be Grown Successfully In-
doors, p. 35.
Filmy, p. 72.

Fertilizers, Prepared, p. 524.
Fertilizing, The Question of, p. 303.
Filling the Ice House, p. 150.
Fireplaces, p. 62.
First Steps towards the Vegetable Garden.

p. 122.

Floors, Marbleized Steps, p. 196.
Floral Decoration at Home, p. 120.
['lower Appropriate for May, p. 398.

Garden, Laying out the, p. 503.

Pot, A Folded Paper, p. 315.

Sticks, p. 397.

Flowers, Knowing the, by Name, p. 334.
Foliage Plants Everyone may Grow, p. 108.
For the Butler's Pantry, p. 63.
Forests Threatened by Moths, p. 447.
Forget-me-not, p. 398.
Framing the House with Vines, p. 290.
Fruit, Insuring Good, p. 45.

Trees, The Proper Use of Dwarf and

Standard, p. 182.

Fruits, Why you Should grow Small, p. 276.
Fungous Pests, p. 391.

Furniture in the House, The Place of Built-
in, p. 105.

Built-in, p. 197.

Garden, Porch and Rustic, p. 460.

Re-gluing, p. 196.

Summer, p. 478.
Further Adventures of John Antony, The,

p. 174.

Garages of Good Design, Serviceable, p. 112.
Garden Architecture, p. 386.

Book, April Leaves from a Southern, p.
336.

Color in the Flower, p. 292.

of Delight in One Plant, A, p. 250.

Enemy and How to Fight It, A New,
p. 373.

for the English Type of House, p. 381.

The Epicure in the, p. 188.

Equipment, Purchasing the, p. 295.

Good Things for the Flower, p. 199.

Furniture, p. 460.

Hundred Per Cent, The, pp. 116. 172, 290,.
392.

Pests, p. 489.

Planning for this Year's, p. 44.

The Rose, p. 468.

Spring in the, p. 267.

Suggestions and Queries, -pp. 44, 122, 198,
302, 399, 488.

Ten Annuals for this Year's, p. 279.

First Steps towards the Vegetable, p. 122.

Views, p. 372.

Walks, Edgings for, p. 150.
Gardens, A Page of Subscribers', p. 372.

March Activities in Southern, p. 216.

Southern, p. 518.
Gardening Guide for 1913, p. 282.
Gladioli, p. 488.

To Succeed Tulips, Using, p. 244.

INDEX (Continued)

Gooseberries and How to Grow Them, p.

211.

Gorgeous Display, A, p. 240.
Graeme Park, Horsham, p. 115.
Grape Vines, p. 399.
Grass, How to Kill Quack, p. 146.
Grease Tank, A, p. 221.
Green Fertilizers, p. 524.
Greenhouse Work, Small, p. 44.
Greens, Tender, p. 512.
Growing Mushrooms, p. 144.
Guest-Room, The Hospitable, p. 179.
Gypsy Moth, p. 447.
Hamper, A Homemade, p. 397.
Hanging Baskets, Two Schemes for, p. 196.

Frame for the Jardiniere, A. p. 197.

Window Curtains Effectively, p. 397.
Hangings, p. 478.
Hedges and Trees, p. :i99.
Herbs, Medicinal Leaves and, p. 241.
Hickory Tree, The Dying, p. 142.
Hiding the Unsightly Radiator, p. 121.
Hints for the Suburban Poultry Kaiser, p.
213.

From the Agricultural Department, p. 228.
Home of Dr. Theodore Abbot. Cornwall,
New York, p. 118.

F. S. Lamb, p. 471.
Homes that Architects Have Built for

Themselves, p. 367.
Hospitable Guest-Room. The, p. 179.
House, English, p. 381.

Log. p. 404.

at Mt. Kisco, Xew York. A, p. 40.

Walls and their Making, p. 32.
Houses, Old Philadelphia. II, p. 113.
How Much to Plant, p. 12:!.

to Kill Quack Grass, p. 14li.
Hundred Per Cent. Garden, The, pp. 116,

172. 290, 392, 458.
Ice Crop, The, p. 123.

House, Filling the, p. 150.
Information for the Layman, p. 46.
Insect Pests, pp. 391, 458.
Inside the House, pp. 42, 120, 196. 300, 396.

486.

Insuring Good Fruit, p. 45.
Iris and Their Selection, p. 398.
January, p. 44.

Jardiniere. A Hanging Frame for the. p. 197.
Kind of a Roof for your House, The, p. 14.
Kitchen, Equipping the, p. 185.
Kitchens, pp. 20, 63.
Knowing the Flowers by Name, p. 334.
Lamp Wick Hints, p. 197.
Lanterns, A Page of Old, p. 111.
Lawn, Care of the, p. 303.
Lawns and Lawn Soils, p. 506.
Laying out the Flower Garden, p. 503.
Leaves and Herbs, Medicinal, p. 241.
Leopard Moth, The, p. 74.
Lice and other Poultry Pests, p. 34.
Light in the Home, The Vital Functions of,

pp. 26, 95, 169, 270.

Log Cabin, The Revival of the, p. 464.
Lure of the Orchid, The, p. 102.
Machine-Sewed Carpet Rags, p. 120.
Manure Water Sack, A. p. 230.
Marhleized Steps and Floors, \\ 196.
March Activities in Southern Gardens, p.
216.

The Big Task for, p. 198.
Martins, How to Attract, p. 442.
Medicinal Leaves and Herbs, p. 241.
Mistakes We Made in P.uilding Our Home,

p. 20.

Mop, A Good Dust, p. 396.
Moth, The Leopard, p. 74.
Mulch, p. 458.

Mushrooms, Growing, p. 144.

New Curtains Made from Old Ones, p. 300.

Office Lounge, The, pp. 7, 87.

Old Philadelphia Houses, II, p. 113.

Orchids, The Lure of the, p. 102.

Ornamental Tub Plants, p. 177.

Ornaments, Garden, p. 386.

Our Winter in the Happy Valley, p. 91.

Ovens, Rust Remover from, p. 396.

Page of Old Lanterns. A. p. 111.

Paints, Radiator, p. 120.

Pantry, For the Butler's, p. 63.

Parcel Post Scale, A, p. 301.

Peony Blight, p. 373.

Perennials. The Special Value of, p. 2S4.

Pheasant Raising, p. 327.
Phlox Border. The All-, p. 246.
Place of Built-in Furniture in the House,

The, p. 105.
Planning for This Year's Garden, p. 44.

The Layout of the Small Lot. p. 29.
Plant Decorations, Three Suggestions for
Interior, p. 42.

Diseases, p. 390.

How Much to, p. 123.
Planting, Prepare for Outdoor, p. 198.
Plants. Choice of, p. 302.

Everyone May Grow. Foliage, p. 10S.

Ornamental Tub. p. 177.

Setting out the Young, p. 488.
Plumbing, p. 37.
Porch. Planning the. p. 457.
Pottery, p. 481.
Poultry, pp. 244, 324.

Pests. Lice and other, p. 84.

Quarters, Building the, p. 482.

Raiser, Hints for the Suburban, p. 213.
Prepare for Outdoor Planting, p. 198.
Preserving Eggs, p. 5.
Pressed Flowers on Panels, p. 396.
Procuring the Seed, p. 303.
Proper Drainage and Irrigation, p. 199.

Use of Dwarf and Standard Fruit Trees,

The, p. 182.

Pruning and Spraying, p. 123.
Purchasing Garden Equipment, p. 295.
Putting the House in Summer Trim. p. 478.
Radiator, Hiding the Unsightly, p. 121.

Paints, p. 120.

Willow Covers 'for the, p. 486.
Railroad Tie House, The, p. 471.
Rain Shield for the Window, A, p. 42.
Real Estate Department, p. 2.
Re-gluing Furniture, p. 196.
Report of the Sec. of the Dept. of Agri-
culture, 1912, p. 75.
Residence of

Crittenden, Walter H., p. 394.

Deshler, John G., p. 194.

Rhoads, W. S., p. 298.

Roof for Your House, The Kind of a, p. 14.
Root Growing, p. 370.
Roses and Their Garden Culture, p. 468.
Rugs, p. 478.

Rust Remover from Gas Ovens, p. 396.
Rustic Furniture, p. 460.
Scandinavian Summer Homes, p. 464.
Screens, To Renew Wire, p. 300.
Seed, The Earth and the, p. 302.

Procuring the, p. 303.
Selecting Eggs 'for Hatching, p. 214.
Serviceable Garages of Good Design, p. 112.
Setting out the Young Plants, p. 488.
Shoe-Blacking Outfit, A New, p. 300.
Shrubs and Shrubbery, The Various Uses

of, p. 273.

Sleeping Porches, p. 60.
Small Greenhouse Work, p. 44.
Social Life in the Suburbs, p. 83.

Some Building Economics, p. 21.

New Chintzes, p. 196.
Southern Gardens, May Blossoms in, p. 359.

Garden Book, April Leaves from a, p. 336.

Department, p. 518.

Special Value of Perennials, The, p. 284.
Spraying Fruit Trees, p. 399.

Complete Directions for, p. 390.

Pruning and, p. 123.
Spring in the Garden, p. 267.
Steps and Floors, Marbleized, p. 196.
Sticks, Flower, p. 397.

Studio Cottage at Briarcliff, New York, A,
p. 484.

The White Gate, p. 476.
Suburbs for the Sport Lover, p. 2.

Social Life in the, p. 83.
Succession Plantings, p. 489.
Suggestions on Vine Growing, p. 221.
Summer Furnishings, p. 478.

Home, Desirable Considerations for the.
p. 455. ,

Well Furnished, A, p. 97.
Sun-Dial, Simple Instructions for Plotting

a Lawn, p. 379.
Superintending the Hen's Care of Her

Chicks, p. 244.
Tables, Willow, p. 487.
Tank, A Grease, p. 221.

Ten Annuals for this Year's Garden, p. 279.
That Window Problem, p. 11.
Three Suggestions for Interior Plant Deco-
ration, p. 42.

Timely Home Suggestion, A, p. 301.
To Clean Unlacquered Brass, p. 121.
Training the Dog, pp. 4, 86.
Transplanting, The Part it Plays in Garden

Making, p. 370.

Tree. The Dying Hickory, p. 142.
Trees, The Proper Use of Dwarf and Stan-
dard Fruit, p. 182.
Tub Plants, Ornamental, p. 177.
Two Household Conveniences, p. 301.

Schemes for Hanging Baskets, p. 196.
Using Gladioli to Succeed Tulips, p. 244.
Various Uses of Shrubs and Shrubbery,

The, p. 273.
Vegetable Garden, p. 489.

First Steps towards the, p. 122.
Vegetables, pp. 116, 122.

Hardy, p. 392.

Starting Tender, p. 399.
Vine Growing, Suggestions on, p. 221.
Vines for Window Decoration, p. 45.

Framing the House with, p. 296.
Vital Functions of Light in the Home, The.

pp. 26, 95, 169, 270.
Wall Paper, p. 478.

Walls and Their Making, House, p. 32.
Water Properly, How to, p. 303.

Supply in Town and Country, p. 17.
Way the Architect Works, The, p. 23.
Weeding Vegetables, p. 392.
What Long Island Offers the Home Seeker,
p. 159.

You Should Know About Plumbing, p. 37.
When the Spring Run Starts in the Sugar

Bush, p. 190.

Why You Should Grow Small Fruits, p. 276.
White Gate Studio, The, p. 476.
Willow Work for the Porch, New, p. 487.
Window, A Rain Shield for the, p. 42.
Decoration, Vines for, p. 45.
Problem, That, p. 11.
Windows, pp. 11, 61.
Wire Screens, To Renew, p. 300.
Wood Anemone, p. 398.
Your Animal Neighbors, p. 287.
Zephyranthes, Pink and White, p. 361.

AN N UAL bUlLDING NUMBER

'Good Taste in Building- Plans, materials,
interior arrangements, costs - 100 Pictures

IT
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II

11
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This is The Republic Rubber Company's New Calender Room.

Where machines and brains
make tire mileage for YOU

The efficiency of any tire depends to a great extent upon the man-
ner in which the fabric and rubber (the "foundation") are treated
and combined.

The illustration above shows the Republic Calender Room the
new "rolling mill" of this rubber plant where foundations for
Republic tires are made.

In this great room man's skill and
ingenuity and modern machinery
combine to make the right founda-
tion for Republic Tires. Scientific,
painstaking care is exercised in every
operation from testing and drying
the fabric to calendering ("rolling")
the rubber and combining the two
under proper heat and pressure.

And on this right foundation is

put the Staggard Tread the tread
of extra thickness that leaves the
full-thickness plain tread after the
center studs eventually wear off.

The Staggard Tread is protection
against skidding, and really economi-
cal because of the extra mileage it
gives you. Write today for beautiful
folder on this wonderful new Cal-
ender Room.

Republic Black-Line
Red Inner Tube

THE REPUBLIC RUBBER COMPANY

YOUNGSTOWN, O.

Branches and Agencies in the Principal Cities

REPUBLIC

S T A G G A R D

TREAD TIRES

Republic Staggard Tread Pat. Sept. 15-22, 1908

The Original Effective
Non-Skid Tire

JANUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

Enjoy the Comfort
and Convenience of a Brunswick
Refrigerating Plant in Your Home

YOU have a heating plant; why not have the convenience of a refrigerating plant? The comfort
of the one in winter will prove no greater than the enjoyment the other will bring to your
whole household in summer time. In place of the damp, ill-smelling atmosphere which is
unavoidable with , melting ice, your food supplies will be kept in dry, pure air of a uniform
temperature if you will install a

BRUNSWICK

Household

Refrigerating and Ice-Making Plant

Your architect will recommend it and incorporate it in his plans if you ask his opinion, because it
has become practically a necessity in the modern house.

Its economy and simplicity of operation are the result of years of specialization. You can keep a low
temperature in your refrigerators without trouble and make pure ice daily for your table. The plant
itself 'occupies but a small space and may be located in the basement, or any other convenient place,
even in an outbuilding.

Write Us for Literature

Which will explain about this ideal
refrigerating plant and the many
advantages it holds over the old
time ice-chest.

The -plant you buy will be designed for your home
and carry our absolute guaranty of satisfaction

Brunswick Refrigerating Co., 103 Jersey Avenue, New Brunswick, N. J.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

One of the Finest Residences in the Oranges

Veranda full length of house with 9-mile view of rolling
country. Occupied by owner.

FOR SALE AT SACRIFICE_One-half actual value, to
close an Estate. Easiest of terms. 2 acres and a half
of grounds. 5 miautes' walk from Mountain Station,
So. Orange, N. J.

1 floor and half, stone, and frame above. All doors and
woodwork of finest bard wood. All floors of selected
quartered oak.

1ST FLOOR Drawing room finished lu Ebony, Library
in butternut, beautifully carved. Tea room and Fovr
Hall In Old English Oak. Dliilng-room Is Selected Wal-
nut, all with paneled walls and beamed ceilings. Open
fireplaces throughout, including all master's bedrooms.

Selected oak Staircase with two stained glass win-
dows costing about $2,000. Windows throughout of im-
ported French glass. All Walls on 1st and 2nd floors
frescoed.

2ND FLOOR 5 bedrooms, 2 baths, open fireplaces
in each room.

3RD FLOOR Large Billiard-room, open fireplace. 2
large bedrooms with fireplaces, 2 store-rooms and 4 serv-
ants' rooms with one bath.

Stable, Garage and Carriage House, 3 stalls and hox.
Coachman's apartments over carriage house. Apply to
Louis G. Shields, 286 Fifth Ave., New York City

VILLAGE FARM FOR SALE IN MASS.

An unusual opportunity. Seven and one-half acres on
main street, near stores and churches. Good colonial
boose, newly renovated, papered, painted. Steam heat,
pure mountain water supplied by town. Bath-room
complete; four fine bedrooms and servant's room, two
parlors, large dining room, pantries, kitchen. Large barn.
Orchard, berries, big asparagus bed, grapes, etc. Valu-
able all-year home.
Room 1607 A, 31 Union Square New York, N. Y.

(EDqemont

Ht.3car*Dalt Station

High, sheltered, sun-warmed slopes
Nature's plan for your Winter garden
Outdoor sports, fine social life
Country surroundings; the city, near

Boo Hit A o

J.Warren Thayer. Pr'es "
.i.-Scaradate JOJFiftl...

>rk City.

Real Estate Department of House & Garden

This sendee is gh

><? /ad #o advise its readers in regard
en without charge. Address Real Estate

COME T O-

THE BERKSHIRE HILLS
LIFE'S WORTH LIVING UP HERE

High altitude, dry air, good water, and a
beautiful country. I sell Farms, Estates,
Homes and Manufacturing Sites. All
kinds and prices. Let me know what kind
of property you are looking for.

/'(/ send illustrated booklet.

GEO. H. COOPER, Pittsfield, Mass.

Room 210 Agricultural Bank Building

FARMS

Virginia and Maryland

Colonial Homes, tidewater properties, dairy, fruit and stock
Farms, Game Preserves and Investments. All sizes and
prices. Catalogue Free.

J. W. LATHAM
1420 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.

A Snug Home for
a Young Couple

In the Heart of beautiful Flat-
bush. Convenient transportation to
the business section of New York,
via the Elevated to Brooklyn Bridge
or by surface line to Atlantic Ave.
Subway Station, thence by tube to
the financial section takes from 35
to 40 minutes.

A Detached Strictly Modern
House in splendid order, occupied
at present by tenant whose lease
expires May i, 1913. 9 rooms and
bath, parquet floors throughout;
laundry, steam heat, electricity.
Large piazza.

Plot 30 by 100 feet. Wide, re-
stricted street. Exceptionally Easy

Terms. Apply direct to owner

Mrs. C. B. Jennings, 326 Bucking-
ham Road, Flatbush, Brooklyn.

Suburbs for the Sport Lover

XE of the initial forces that move
many of the city dwellers into the
suburbs is the American desire for sport. Go
anywhere within a radius of an hour's rail-
road journey of New York, and colonies of
young married people will be found living
in attractive homes of moderate cost, led
thither by a love of golf, tennis, riding,
and the 'like. Anv warm dav in the late

The Baltusrol Country Club

spring a stream of negligee-clothed men
and girls carrying the implements of their
particular game may be seen trooping over
the green. This interest has started that
particular type of healthy individual to
seek country life, and this feature often
determines the choice of residence of some
individuals. Let us look into some of the
localities that provide especial facilities for
the indulgence of a taste for sport.

Along the rolling country of northern
New Jersey, about fifty minutes from New
York, is the Short Hills section a district

The Canoe Brook Club Short Hills

that would appeal to the lover of the royal
and ancient game of golf. Here is located
the Baltusrol Club. It is an aristocrat
among the providers of pleasure, and is
well equipped and scientifically planned to
provide for all the facilities of the lovers
of games. The new clubhouse is an elab-
orate affair that cost a hundred thousand
dollars to complete. It is a long building

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDES.

Property"

fcjid Rent

to the purchase, sale or rental of country and suburban real estate in all parts of the country
Department, House & Garden, 31 E. \-jth St., Neiv York City.

with ample and inviting terraces and pleas-
ant corners to sit in the sunlight after ac-
tivity, or to provide suitable places for
the interesting social events.

Near by is the Canoe Brook Club,
spreading its atmosphere of homelikenes
and comfort. It has golf links and tennis
courts, and in winter provides opportuni-
ties for snow-shoeing, skiing, coasting and

On the Golf Links, Great Neck Estates, L. I.

skating, and interesting contests between
local hockey teams take place upon the
small lakes adjoining. Besides these two
clubhouses, Short Hills has a Casino to
look after those who may not be actively
interested in outdoor sport.

LONG ISLAND substitutes hill and
mountain level areas culminating in
the steep bluffs of the Sound shore. The

R3?g5Si,
Thecove and bathing beach.Great Neck Estates-

devotee to athletic sports finds an ad-
ditional delight in the bathing and water
sports. This is especially true on the
Great Neck district. The estates of Great
Neck front on the curving shore of Little
Neck bay where there are ideal facilities
for still water bathing. And sailing too,
there are few more desirable spots for it
with the interesting coves, many harbors
to visit, and neighboring yacht clubs. But
this does not preclude the land sports for
ashore there are links and tennis courts to
rival those of the hill region.

"A MAN'S HOME IS HIS
CASTLE"

"Home atmosphere !" An immediate realiza-
tion of the old home and its environments
is embodied in the Estates of Great Neck
30 minutes from Broadway. A Self-
ruling, established community, with a cosy
country club as a social center. Real Coun-
try Life with the added attraction of a
Good Harbor and Long Island Sound for
yachting. Not too close to the station, yet
within easy walking distance. Property on
easiest of terms. Be Our Guests for Three
Hours Any Day. "Seeing is Believing."

MCKNIGHT REALTY COMPANY

347 Fifth Ave. [New York

A Home on the Estates of Great Neck, L. I.

Princeton

The ideal home town where living
is delightful all year around. Equally
distant from New York and Philadel-
phia express train service.

Rentals $300 to $6,000 a year. Taste-
fully furnished homes also for rent.

Other desirable properties in town and coun-
try for sale or rent, furnished or unfurnished.

WALTER B. HOWE, Princeton, N. J.

New York Office, 56 Cedar Street

, IRcw

Address

Green, Rldtenoort, \. J., or 277 Broadway. .w York

A f ^|t/trt Hillc 1M I Country home for all-year residence-

AI onort nius, PL j. 40 minute? from downtown Ne w

York on Lackawanna Railroad. Surroundings extremely attractive
and healthful with splendid outlook over broad expanse of rolling
country. House contains 1 1 rooms. 2 baths, has every modern con-
venience, and is designed to afford every comfort for country living.
Floor plans, photographs and information on request.

Roche Craia & Wilpv Suite 1303> Phone 1M6 Cortlan dt

IXOCfie, \-Tdlg Wiley Ifi5 Broadway, New York City

VERMONT

An attractive twenty-room brick house with
barn (wood) on one-half acre of land located
in one of the most desirable neighborhoods of
Bennington, Vt.

Ninety-foot tiled piazza., porte-cochere, per-
gola, electric lights, gas for cooking, laundry,
three bath rooms, steam heat, two fireplaces
and excellent running water.

House cost over $25,000. Can be bought for
half that price.

Address Lock Box P, Bennington, Vt.,
for further particulars.

The Right Name for Your Country Seat

List of appropriate names made upon receipt of description
of property. No charge made unless satisfied. Address

L. L. ROGERS - The Nomenclator - Plainfield, New Jersey

GREENWICH, CONN.

SPECIAL OFFERING and unusual opportunity to obtain 41 ACRES near COUNTRY CLUB that will
steadily enhance in value; half meadow and half woodland; fine building sites with extensive views of Sound and
Country. CAN BE PURCHASED AT A LOW FIGURE. Full details of this and other choice propeities in
SELECT LOCATIONS can be had from

RAYMOND B. THOMPSON or CHESTER MONTGOMERY

12 Smith Building Telephone 866 GREENWICH, CONN.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

I HOUSE AND GARDEN |

JANUARY, 1913

The Beauty of Snow-Laden
Evergreens

These wintry ila.vs, when other vegetation has oast
aside Its graceful draperies, the Conifers. In their uni-
forms of twautlfnl grren, stand vigilant, watchful,
guarding for us pleasant memories of summers past,
the pledge of In-ight days tu come again. Evergreens,
beautiful ut all times, seem loveliest in the winter sun
light, i-ovcred with a mantle of snow, radiant with
Icy crystals.

If you would enjoy the beauty of Evergreens, now
Is the time to insiiect .vmir grounds and order for
sprlDg planting. Surely jou will find room for a few
Evergreens or other ornamental trees or plants. In
making yonr selection, rememlier that our SOO acres in
nurseries enable- us to meet yonr requirements to the
fullest extent. 5!t years of specializing on all that per-
tains to Horticulture accounts for our pre-eminence In
this Held, our Landscape Department is well equipped
for efficient service to customers. Water-color sketches,
planting i'lans and full estimates furnished. Corres-
pondence or personal interviews solicited. Don't put
this matter off until the rush of spring is upon us.

Full information furnished us to the best plans for
commercial orchards, and the best fruits of all kinds for
the home garden. Catalogue or handbook of varieties,
and Instructions for planting, pruning and after-manage-
ment on request.

Hoopes, Bro., & Thomas Company

Dept. H, West Chester, Pa.
Phila. Office, Stephen Girard Bldg.

The Stephenson

System of Underground

Refuse Disposal

^^^^_ Saves the battering of
your can and scattering of garbage
from pounding out frozen contents.

'^^ijpfrj;? Underground

Garbage and

A fireproof and sanitary
refuse in front of your heater.

Our Underirrouad Earth Closet
means freedom from frozen cess-
pool connections, a necessity
without sewers.

Nine years on the market. It
pavs to lonk
Sold d,
C.
20 F

Refuse Receivers

disposal of ashes and

pays to look us up. A

Sold direct. Send for ci'cular^f m
C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr. ^T
20 Farrar St. Lynn, Mass. S

STAR OR WONDER BLACKBERRY

A wonder indeed! In growth, in excellence, in pro-
ductiveness. Berries large and luscious, bears in clus-
ters like a grape for two mouths. A single plant lias
^ yielded over two bushels in a year. Head-

I quarters for St. Regis Everbearing, the

.A , best red Raspberry, anil Caco, by far the
LMMn^ choicest of all hardy Grapes. A full as-
sortment of Strawberries. Raspberries,
Blackberries, Grapes, Currants and Goose-
berries; Garden Roots. Hardy Perennial
Plants, Shrubs and Vines. Evergreen and
Shade Trees, Roses. Hedge Plants, etc.
Illustrated descriptive catalog, replete with
cultural instructions, free to everybody.
Established 1878; 200 acres; quality un-
surpassed: prices low.

J. T. LOVETT, Box 162, Little Silver. N. J.

OWNERS AND BUILDERS

OF CEMENT HOUSES

Write for interesting free book telling how cement
buildings can be successfully painted and water proofed
at slight cost.

It contains color plates showing how CHI-NAM EL
CEMENTONE will improve the appearance of new cement
buildings, and make the exterior of old buildings look new

THE OHIO VARNISH CO., 8602 Kinsman Rd., Cleveland, 0.

PLANTS & SHRUBS

Before selecting anything in the line of
trees, plants and shrubbery, you should visit
our Nursery or write for illustrated cata-
logue on Nursery Stock which we send free.

Julius Roehrs Co.,

Exotic Nuneriei, Rutherford, N. J.

KENNEL DEPARTMENT

SOKO

The Paramount

Dog Food

Keeps Your Dogs in Condition
the Year Round

Are your dogs thriving as they should ? If not,
try OSOKO. A good, solid, common sense dog
food, composed of fine beef and high grade materials,
with all the nutriment left in it. Absolutely pure
and free from chemicals, appetizing spices or other
harmful substances.

Do not forget th name "O-S-O K-O."

Manufactured by Spillen & Bakers, Ltd., Cardiff, England

Send for tamplr- and Booklet No. 10

H. A. ROBINSON & CO., Importers

128 Water Street New York City

Russian and Irish Wolfhounds, Nor-
wegian Bear dogs, Foxhounds, Blood-
hounds, Deer and Cat hounds.

Fifty page highly illustrated catalogue, 5c stamp

ROOKWOOD KENNELS, Lexington, Ky.

Delight the children with a

Shetland Pony

an unceasing: source of pleas-
ure, a safe and ideal playmate.
M&kes the child strong and ro-
bust. Inexpensive to buy and
keep. Highest types here. Com-
plete outfits. Satisfaction (ruar-
anteed. Write for illustrated
catalogue.

BELLE MEADE FARM

" * Uarkham, V*.

BEAUTIFUL CATS AND
FLUFFY KITTENS FOR SALE

Short-haired Domestic. Rare Manx-
Siamese and Abyssinian, Native long-
haired and pedigreed Persians. Ideal
hoarding place for Cats, Dogs and
Birds. Resident Veterinarian. Write
f'ir beautifully Illustrated Catalogue
and Sales lists.

BLACK SHORT HAIRED CATTERY,
Oradell. N. J.

AIREDALE TERRIERS

Ihi bit! ill 'round out ind companion

Our Terrien are blue ribbon winners at
New York. Boston, Pitt*bur(t. Chicago.
Kanaaa City and otber large shows.

Puppies for Sale, $25 and Up.

Champion Red Raven at Stud.

Fee $25. The greatest living sire.

Beautiful illustrated booklet for stamp

ELMHURST FARM KENNELS

St. E. KANSAS CITY. MO.

Training the Dpg V

EVERY dog that is worth having and
I say this advisedly should be
taught to ''heel." This term may not be
familiar to some, though its meaning is
really not obscure. It signifies merely that
when the order "heel" is given the dog
shall come close to its master's or mis-
tress's heels and remain there until given
some such releasing word as "on," "hie
on" or "get away."

The value of such an accomplishment on
the dog's part is obvious. It is designed
primarily as a handy substitute for leash
or chain when you are out walking and
for any reason wish your dog to remain
close to you for a long or short period.
Everyone who has had experience with the
average canine's proclivity for "running
wild" over front lawns, in and out of
yards abutting on the street, etc., knows
what complications often arise therefrom.
Entirely aside from your own convenience
in the matter, it is no more than fair to
the dog to keep him under proper control
when passing along a thickly-settled resi-
dence street, for example, and, admittedly,
other people whose rights are infringed
upon by the inadequately trained dog are
entitled to some consideration. There is
real value, also, in "heel" when it comes
to avoiding wayside fights between your
dog and the pugnacious individuals of his
kind which he is sure to meet from time
to time when out with you. The average
bully of dogdom will think twice before
attacking a dog following within a few
inches of his master's heels. And if worse
comes to worse, you are close enough to
the arena to render prompt assistance if
need be.

"Heel" is not a difficult lesson to teach,
especially when the pupil's mind has been
at least rudimentarily trained by the com-
mands "come" and "lie down." As for
all lessons, take the dog away from any-
thing tending to distract him from the
work in hand. Snap a chain to his collar,
and provide yourself with a light switch
two or three feet long. Take the chain
in the left hand, holding it behind you and
short enough so that the dog will be ob-
liged to stay within a few inches of your
feet. Now, with the switch in your right
hand, walk slowly away, the dog. of
course, necessarily following. Keep re-
peating the word "heel" in a tone similar
to that used in other commands. The dog
may either hang back on the chain or try
to push forward and past you. In the
first event, merely tighten your grip on
the chain and walk on ; in the second, tap
him very lightly about the head with the
switch, thus inducing him to fall back to
his proper place. If he attempts to break
away to one side or the other, check him
with the switch and chain, chiefly the
latter.

A short session of this sort of thing will
demonstrate to the average dog that the
wisest and most comfortable thing for
him to do is to stay as close to your heels
as possible. When this point is reached,

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

JANUARY, 1913

I HOUSE AND GARDEN

you may begin to slacken up on the chain
a little, at the same time watching closely
for any move away from position and
checking it promptly should it occur. The
releasing word ("on" is as good as any)
should be given only when the lesson is
over and you unfasten the chain from the
dog's collar. It will probably be quickly
learned and obeyed with alacrity, espe-
cially if accompanied by a wave of the
hand and a sort of "all right, old boy it's
all over" manner.

When you think that the dog fully un-
derstands "heel" in so far as it means
following close behind you, and when he
obeys it properly while on the short chain,
commence to teach him that the order
signifies also coming to the required posi-
tion from a distance . Obviously, the way
to make this point plain to the pupil is
to use a longer chain or cord, allowing him
to move about and away from you, then
ordering "heel" and if need be drawing
him into position with the cord. Prob-
ably one or two lessons will be sufficient
for this last step ; if so, dispense with the
cord and drill the dog thoroughly with-
out it.

This, then, is the last of the three main
accomplishments in the elementary school-
ing of the well-mannered dog; the other
two "come" and "lie down" have been
considered in former articles of this series.
Frequent rehearsal of all three has driven
their meaning home beyond peradventure
of doubt. If you have been painstaking
and thorough in the work, perfecting your
pupil in each lesson before taking up a
new one, always insistent upon strict
obedience, but never losing your temper
in striving to secure it, and allowing no
one else to meddle in the teaching, you
should now have a dog that it is a satis-
faction to own. In the close companion-
ship which the course of teaching has
brought about, he has learned to look
upon you more or less as an idol, a su-
perior being at once to worship and re-
spect. He has learned that your word is
law, and his brain has been developed
along definite lines of usefulness. The
foundation has been laid : the "three R's,"
in a manner of speaking, are an accom-
plished fact, so in the next instalment we
will take up a more advanced course.

Preserving Eggs.

'HERE are times when your hens may
not lay an egg and yet you will
want to be having eggs on the table every
day if possible. At those same times other
hens may be on a strike, too, and the local
market, in common with all others, will
be poorly supplied with eggs. That's
when eggs for breakfast regularly would
make a man feel like a millionaire. Yet
we can all have eggs at just this time from
our small flocks of fowls on farm or vil-
(Contimted on page 66)

POULTRY DEPARTMENT

2ICTORI4

"Jnst what I came out for"

CHICKEN MEAL

Now On Sale In America

Hundreds of thousands of chickens have been
successfully raised on this celebrated English
Chicken Meal which is used exclusively by leading
foreign fanciers.

Prove it by trying it for a week on a single brood

of chicks and compare their appearance with a brood

fed on some other food. The results will astonish you.

Send for free sample and

the Victoria Poultry Book.

Manufactured by

Spillers & Baker, Ltd., Cardiff, England
H. A. ROBINSON & CO., Importers

128 Water Street New York City

My stock of pigs and hogs
was never better. If you want
the best all-round breed raise

Jersey Reds

Fatten easily and quickly,
small-boned, long-bodied, vigor-
ous, prolific. Meat unsurpassed.
Choice offerings now. Pigs vac-
cinated with senim at cost if
desired. Write today for free
catalog.

ARTHUF J, COLLINS
Box V MnorpRtnwD. "i. J.

G. D.TILLEY

Beautiful Swans. Fancy Phea-
ants, Peafowl, Cranes, Storks.
Ornamental Ducks and Geese,
Flamingoes, Game and Cage Birds

"Everything in the bird line from a
Canary to an Ostrich"

I am the oldest established and largest exclusive
dealer in land and water birds in America and have on
hand the most extensive stock in the United State*.

G. D. TILLEY, Box H, Darien, Connecticut

ON THREE DAYS' APPROVAL

for your personal examination in your own home will
we ship our

WHITE PLYMOUTH ROCK
SUBURBAN FLOCKS

of twelve specially selected long bodied bred to lay
farm-reared pure white pullets and one sturdy, vigor-
ous cockerel; beautiful birds that will not only be an
ornament to any suburban home but will, by their per-
sistent egg laying, be profitable. These birds now ready
for immediate shipment will be sent with privilege of
payment three days after arrival. A postal today brings
details.

R. C. CAt DWELL, X'o Lyndon, Ross Co., Ohio

IRON AND WIRE FENCES

Fences of all descriptions^for City and Suburban
Homea Write today for our Loose Leaf Catalog,
stating briefly your requirements.

AMERICAN FENCE CONSTRUCTION Co.

100 Church St., New York

Formerly Fence Dept. American Wire Form Co.

Strictly Fresh Eggs Wanted

Everybody wants fresh eggs.
They are scarce and high. The
Coates Automatic Poultry Ex-
erciser and Feeder will posi-
tively INCREASE THE EGG
PRODUCTION in your flock.

Everybody Who Owns Hens

Whether he keeps a few In the
back yard, or runs ;i large poul-
try plant, should use this Feeder.

It Pays for Itself \JV

In a short time; it saves labor \S
and cuts down feed Mils.

It is made In four sizes, nnp size for little chicks,
and three sizes for mature stock. Feeds both Grains
and Mashes.

We also manufacture the best Sanitary Drinking
Fountain on the market.

We issue a nice little booklet that tells all about our
feeders and Fountains, and gives valuable formulas for
feed for laying liens and growing chicks.

We want EVERYBODY to have one of these book-
lets who is in an.v way interested. IT WILL HELP
YOT TO INCREASE THE EGG PROniTTION IN
YOI'R FLOCK. IT IS FREE FOR THE ASKING.
\ rite today.

THE COATES POULTRY FEEDER CO.

NORWICH, CONN.

PETS. Pets. If it is a i>et you desire, we have
them Singing Canaries, Talking Parrots, Fane;
Cage Birds of every clime, Rabbits, Guinea Pigi,
Ferrets, White Mice and Rats, Fancy Pigeons, Gold
Fish, Aquariums, etc., Dogs and Puppies of all breeds,
Angora Cats and Kittens. Catalogue for tke asking.
Hope's Leading Pet Shop, 31 North oth street, Phila-
delphia, Pa.

How I Bred $50 to $1600 in 2 Years

I want to tell you how one man took $50 worth of my
kind of poultry and In two years multiplied them to sixteen
hundred dollars ID value. He was a novice and started In
a box stall. A true and convincing story, told by the man
himself. Yon can do the same, or start smaller and grow.
More experience of the same kind, Illustrated. Ask me
for the book. It is free.

RICE, 451 Howard Street. Melrosp. Massachusetts

Greider's Fine Catalogue

and calendar of fine, pure-bred poultry for 1913. This
book contains many pages of poultry tacts. 70 differ-
ent varieties, some shown In natural colors. All
Illustrated and described, tells how to make hens lay,
raise and care for them, all about the Famous Greider
Incubators and Brooders. Shows photo of the largest
poultry farm in Penn. Prices of breeding stock and
eggs for hatching and supplies within reach of all.
A perfect guide to all poultry raisers. Send lOc for
this noted book on poultry.
B. H. GREIPER. Box 70, Rhcems. Pa.

DAY- OLD CHICKS

Healthy, vigorous, from heavy laying stock.
Guaranteed full count and satisfactory. Place
jour order NOW and avoid the early spring
rush.

Hatching Eggs Breeding Stock
S. C. \\. Leghorns, White and Barred Rocks.
All eggs and stock GUARANTEED.

Write for big new catalog: "Tywacana Qual-
ity." Contains full description and prices.
TYWACANA FARMS POULTRY CO.

A. B. Wright, Supt.
Box 63. Farmingdale, Long Island. N. Y.

POULTRY CO

q^J"

Bob White Quail
Partridges and Pheasants

Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys,
Quails, Rabbits, Deer, etc., for stocking purposes.
Fancy Pheasant*, Peafowl, Swans, Cranes,
Storks, Ornamental Geese and Ducks, Foxes,
Squirrels, Ferrets, etc., and all kinds of birds
and animals.

WILLIAM J. MACKENSEN, Successor to

WENZ & MACKENSEN, Naturalists

Dept. Y. Pheasantry and Game Park

YARDLEY, PA.

-PARK'S HARDY PLANTS

My book on Hardy plants tells you when to plant,
and the kinds that I think give best results. If you
are Interested I will send you a free copy.

BERTRAND H. FARR
643 F Penn St. Wyomiaaing Nurseries Reading. Pa.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

I Want You to Try
This New Gladiolus

I want it to have a place in your garden this year be-
cause it is the grandest of all Gladioli. It has been named
Peace because of its wondrous beauty and purity. It is
the nearest to a perfect white yet obtained, a strong, lusty-
grower with great spikes of wonderful white flowers.
You will admire and love it, for no matter what your
soil is it will blossom superbly for you.

The Gladiolus Is
Everybody's Flower

This is because it will grow for everybody
and everybody who grows it loves it. Peace
is only one of the 25.000 varieties which I
have grown. I want to tell you about the
best of these others how rich and varied
they are in colors, bow easily they may be
grown, how they surpass all other flowers
for cutting. I want to tell you about the
special collections I have made from them.

MY BEAUTIFUL LITTLE iBOOK WILL
TELL YOU ALL ABOUT THEM

You will enjoy reading it. You will be
delighted with the exquisite illustrations in
natural colors. It will help you to become
acquainted with the very best varieties of
this best of all garden flowers. Also it will
tell you simply and plainly just how to
grow them as successfully as I do. It will
be sent you free if you write today.

ARTHUR COWEE, Meadowvale Farms

Box 129, Berlin, N. Y.

GARDEN BOOK

1913

THIS book is a proof of our interest in all
the problems which confront the man who
wants a garden, be he amateur or professional
with acres or a plot of grass to work on.

Dreer's Garden Book

is our seventy-fifth anniversary gift to anyone who
grows flowers or vegetables. It contains the
accumulation of seventy-five years of experience
and lists only tested varieties of all the old-time
iavontes, as well as the dependable novelties
flowers and vegetables. It also contains cultural
articles wntten by experts, has 288 pages with

and

DREER'S DIAMOND JUBILEE GARDEN

Sent Free to anyone mentioning thi, publicatio

HENRYADREER g H 4 ,Sl^as |

0IAMOMD JU&ILEE EDITION

Write for this

new FREE book of

America's Star Roses

HEREIN are listed and accurately
described the 360 Best Roses for
America. 85 are illustrated by photo-
graphs. 11 are shown in natural
colors. Best varieties for every cli-
mate. Vigorous, healthy and sym-
metrical. All grown on their own
roots, and guaranteed to grow and
bloom or will be replaced. The best
imported and domestic varieties, se-
lected by America's foremost rose
propagator, who is our vice-president,
and whose half-century of experience
is at the service of Conard & Jones'
patrons.

This FREE BOOK also contains full
information on how to select, plant,
prune and grow roses; a complete
Rose Lover's Calendar ; and a liberal
FREE DELIVERY OFFER. It is a
book every rose lover should have at
hand.

Jonkheer J. L. Mock Rose

This magnificent rose of brilliant carmine,
s'ladingto imperial pink, was a warded First
Prize at the International Rose Exhibition
held in Paris during June, 1911. It is one of
our recent importations and is shown op-
posite. At this Exhibition our president,
Mr. Robert Pyle, was the sole American
member of Ihe Jury of Award. This honor
indicates the international prominence at-
tained by The Conard & Jones Co.

The Jonkheer J. L. Mock Rose is shown in
all its beautiful coloring on the cover of oar
1913 Rose Book. By all means write for your
FREE COPY today. It IB high time to begin
selection for Spring planting.

THE CONARD & JONES CO.
126, West Grove, Pa.

Rose Specialists 50 years' experience.

French & Sons' Player Pianos

Art Products of a High Degree of Excellence
and Exceeding Good Value

With wealth of tone and unequaled construction, the French & Sons'
Player Piano places at your finger-tips the complete technique of
piano-playing ability to sound correctly the notes of the most difficult
composition to play loud or soft fast or slow staccato or legato

. to "bring out" the melody and

subdue the accompaniment.
Any musical effect is pos-
sible with this player.

As a hand-played instru-
ment, not the faintest trace of
mechanism is noticeable it is
superb. As a player the
French is incomparable. It
has many automatic devices
not possessed by other players.
One touch of the hand changes
it from a player to a hand
instrument and vice versa,
locking the keys and bringing
the pedals into position all
automatically and a c c o m -

plished in an instant.

The Automatic Music Roll
Adjuster forces the roll to

absolutely perfect rendition,

A ' ttack - bar ""other exclusive point of

man oth exclusive to the

Jesse French & Sons Piano Co. New Castle, Ind.

"The Home of French, established in the Piano Business since 1875"

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GA

JAXUARV, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

IF there is one thing more than
another that makes a pub-
lisher feel good all over it is to
have someone he doesn't know
send him a letter of intelligent
praise such as the following:
DEAR SIRS:

I wish to tell you that I con-
sider TRAVEL one of the very
finest publications in the world.
As a teacher I have traveled in
my native Europe and can ap-
preciate your beautiful illustra-
tions and well-written articles.
I should enjoy, if you will, such
articles like the one on Clovelly,
or such places like San Gimi-
gnano, Carcassonne, Cintra,
Ronda, etc. I detest - 's
[guide book], but just revel in
description of such towns,
When I travel, I have no

goal ; I just keep on the move. The next trip will include some of
the places you have described in TRAVEL.

I also want to say that some of your title pages, the covers, are
very fine, especially the one of the May number.
With best wishes for your continued success, I am,

READER.
A

We are very sorry not to be able to give a satisfactory answer to
the following letter, which came to us just a few days .ago :

I have just finished reading the most delightful book pub-
lished by you, "The Girl with the Rosewood Crutches." I
will thank you very much if you will advise me if there are
any other books by this same author and their title; also
the price of the book mentioned. Thank you for an imme-
diate reply. Mrs. C. E. D.
Our contract with the author especially provides that we are not to
reveal the identity, and we cannot give the names of any other books
by this author without violating our agreement. This is doubly un-
fortunate, because some of this author's other books are well worth
reading, although we feel that the writer of the above letter has read
the best in "The Girl with the Rosewood Crutches."

Lewis Gaston Leary, the well-known traveler and author, whose
recent "Andorra, the Hidden Republic," has aroused such favorable
comment both in America and Europe, is discouraging copy for the
literary press-agent ; for he admits with sorrow that he has never had
any thrilling experiences or hairbreadth escapes. During a hundred
thousand miles of journeying in thirty countries, he has never been in
a railway accident, or lost a day through illness, and he has yet to
witness his first storm at sea.

Mr. Leary has lived in the toughest slums of European capitals,
traveled through the troubled Balkans, and ridden through the un-
traveled districts of northern Syria, and his only really exciting per-
sonal experience was being thrown over a cliff by a runaway mule.
Once he drove unsuspectingly through a district which was being
terrorized by a marauding robber tribe. His host was stabbed just
after Mr. Leary left him, and another man was murdered within
stone's throw of the trail ; but his own journey was deadly dull and
uninteresting. In fact, Mr. Leary confesses with regret that, though
he once lived in a town where there was an assassination every night
for six weeks, he himself has never seen a serious street brawl.

Mr. Leary contends that if it ever did come to shooting, the other
fellow would doubtless know more about it than he would; so he has
never owned a revolver, but contents himself with preparing for
possible contingencies by carry a heavy riding-crop or stout cane.

The editors of a magazine generally are brought into more or less
personal touch with their contributors, but occasionally they never

see them from one year's end to
another. (If that is an advan-
tage, it works both ways.) A
contributor to House and Garden
who had for some years trans-
acted all business by letter was
asked for his picture for use in
connection with some work in
connection with publicity. The
request was sent off to Mr. A.
Henry White or whatever the
name was and presently the
photograph arrived. "A. Henry
White" was a very comely young
woman !

House and Garden readers re-
member John Anthony. He it
was who went up to Vermont,
bought a farm and began the
growing of apples in a business-
like way. He wrote his adventures in orcharding a year ago, after
the first strenuous year of farm life. He was enthusiastic then, but
you should hear him now ! One rainy day a few weeks ago we found
him sitting on the Office Lounge, the water dripping from his wet coat
onto the tiles. He had the happy smile of a schoolboy and his en-
thusiasm was not a bit dampened by the melancholy weather. His
first word was about his orchard in the country and the new adven-
tures he has had there, it has been another successful year of joy-
ful work, hard but satisfying. Every moment he has been learning
something new, and he is going to tell it in House and Garden. And
it is well worth hearing, for even if you are not particularly inter-
ested in orchards or the country you like to hear of red-blooded life.
John Anthony claims that he has only now discovered the real way to
live. His letter notifying us that he is sending the account says:
"John Anthony has spoken to the tune of about 3.000 words. His
speech now awaits family criticism and the decision as to illustra-
tions. When his utterance has been torn asunder by the family critics
and furbished up again, it will be forwarded to you.

"My own opinion never yet agreed with that of an editor, so I ex-
pect you to like this better than last year, because I don't think it is as
good. John has got lots more to say, only he hasn't yet found the gift
of gab to say it. But here's hoping!"

Now, there are not many men who would care to call John a liar.
We merely question his judgment in regard to his literary efforts. We
think he has the eift of gab. When you read his account you will
agree with us, we feel sure. We know that you will enjoy his story as
much as we did the great, juicy, red apple he sent us. Both have the
same crisp, delicious flavor.

Some time ago we made a great mistake. We admit it now. We
thought that the timely information in House and Garden was of
chief interest about the time of issuance of the magazine. Therefore,
we discontinued printing an index. When the next half year came
round, we were nearly inundated by the flood of letters demanding it.
That was one compensation. We learned how much people cared for
past issues. There were requests for all sorts of past articles; some
said that they had been deprived of their most valuable encyclopedia;
one man wrote that House and Garden ranked next to the Bible in his
estimation, and that he hoped nothing would make us discontinue the
directory that rendered it constantly available. Well, we reformed,
and rushed an index through for volume XXI. We have now com-
pleted that for volume XXII, which is from June through December,
1912. Those we disappointed before please take notice. We have
atoned for our crime by being forced to write thousands of letters
directing people to articles they wished to re-read. Every one may
have his index now, however.

"The Green Overcoat," that deliciously whimsical detective story by
Hilaire Belloc, with illustrations by Gilbert R. Chesterton, has gone
into a second edition.

I HOUSE AND GARDEN T

JANUARY, 1913

ECTRIC LIGHT

,L IMPROVE YOUR COUNTRY HOME ^

The beauty and distinctive elegance which Electric Light imparts to
the Country Estate are undeniable. No other light furnishes such clear.
white and satisfactory illumination, no other so effectively eliminates fire
risk, no other is so compact and unfailing. An Isolated Electric
Lighting Plant will supply your country home with this perfect light no matter
how far from a Central Lighting Station you may be. By equipping your plant
with the storage battery called the

"Cblortoe Hccumulator"

you secure a light of absolute dependability. The" cblortOe accumulator "is the
storage battery of the same type as used in the large city lighting plants, and needs
to be connected with the dynamo and engine for only a few hours occasionally.
It stores up and retains the electricity just as a cistern does water. When night
comes the simple pressure of a switch sends the clear, white light to any desired
part of grounds or buildings. The " CbloriOe Hccumulator " eliminates the old
annoying necessity of running your engine at night and obviates the danger of
breakdown at vital moments it makes your light instantly available and always
dependable.

Our interesting book, "Light Your Country Home by Electricity," will
be mailed you by our nearest Sales Office. Write for a copy.

THE ELECTRIC STORAGE BATTERYCO.

1888 Philadelphia, Pa. 1913

New York Chicago Cleveland Los Angeles Portland, Ore. Detroit Boston
St. Louis Denver San Francisco Atlanta Seattle Toronto

isiu'.'n

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a brand new feature in
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Two or more go with each machine,
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Think how handy whenever blades
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Light draft. Fine cut.
Send at once for full
description and prices.

There are 150 different styles and sizes of Coldwell Lawn

Mowers motor mowers as well as horse and hand.

Complete catalogue on request.

COLDWELL LAWN MOWER COMPANY
Philadelphia NEWBURGH. NEW YORK Chicago

At Last

A NATIONAL WORK OF REFERENCE

The American Statesman's
Year Book

Edited by J. WALKER McSPADDEN

I-TER months of careful preparation and a large outlay of money, one
of the most important volumes ever published in America is at last ready.
This book THE AMERICAN STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK
is a National work of reference. Compiled directly from State and United
States official reports, it places in your hands for the first time a complete and
authoritative resume of the world's activity.

Here you may see, through official eyes, the exact, present-day condition
political, commercial, religious of every State in the Union and every country
in the world. The work is, in fact, a miniature encyclopedia, a supplement to
all encyclopedias, supplying the recent things they lack the very things the
busy man needs the most.

/ consider it one of the finest publications to which
my attention has been called for years. If there i. r
anything you have not gotten into it, I have no'
discovered it.

HON. J. L. DAVENPORT,

COMMISSIONER OF PENSIONS.

The above letter is typical of scores already received from public men
all over the country. Thirty-two Governors of States, twenty-five Presidents
of Universities, three Cabinet Officers and many other men of prominence have
written personal letters of commendation.

For business and professional men for speakers and writers for all who
desire the latest and most authoritative facts THE AMERICAN STATES-
MAN'S YEAR-BOOK will prove of the highest value. At any moment you
may need to know some definite fact about a country on the other side of the
globe, about your own state or city, about Agriculture, Education, Transporta-
tion, Finance, Politics, Commerce. Religion, about a thousand other things.
Here is a compact, convenient volume, fully indexed, which contains all this
information ready for daily use.

Send for descriptive circular.
PRICE, $4.00 net; postpaid

McBRIDE, NAST & CO.. Publishers, Union Square, New York City

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

CONTENTS
JANUARY 1913

COVER DESIGN

Photograph by E. J. Hall

CONTENTS DESIGN

Photograph by Thomas Ellison

FRONTISPIECE: THE TERRACE OF THE THOMAS KERR RESIDENCE
Photograph by Harry Coutant

THAT WINDOW PROBLEM 1 1

By Draper H-'illiaiiisan

THE KIND OF A ROOF FOR YOUR HOUSE 14

By Frank Chnuteau Brown

WATER SUPPLY IN TOWN AND COUNTRY 17

By Charles E. White, Jr.

MISTAKES WE MADE IN BUILDING OUR HOUSE 20

By Charles K. Farrington

SOME BUILDING ECONOMIES 21

By William Draper Biincklc

THE WAY THE ARCHITECT WORKS 23

By Allen II'. Jackson

THE VITAL FUNCTIONS 'OF LIGHT IN THE HOME 26

By F. Laurent Godinez

PLANNING THE LAYOUT OF THE SMALL LOT.
By Charles R. Wait

HOUSE WALLS AND THEIR MAKING . 32

By Arthur Byne

FERNS THAT CAN BE GROWN SUCCESSFULLY INDOORS 35

By F. F. Rockwell

WHAT You SHOULD KNOW ABOUT PLUMBING 37

By Mark Dean

A HOUSE AT MT. Krsco, XEW YORK

Bigloia & Wadsworth, Architects

INSIDE THE HOUSE

An After Dinner Coffee Stand
Convenient Bathroom Fittings
Suggestions for Christmas Decorations
For the Butler's Pantry

GARDEN SUGGESTIONS AND QUERIES

Planning this Year's Garden
Small Greenhouse Work
Vines For Window Decoration
Insuring Good Fruit

EDITORIAL

McBRIDE, NAST

COMPANY,

31 East ijth Street, New York

Robert M. McBride, President; Conde Nast, Vice-President; Henrjr H. Sayior, Treasurer. Published Monthly. 25 cents per copy; $3.00 per year. For
Foreign Postage, add $1.00; Canadian, 50 cents. Entered as second-class matter at the Post-office, at New York, N. Y., under act of March 3, 1879.

VOLUME XXIII

NUMBER

o r F i c

VOLUME XXIII

January, 1913

NUMBER

Although there is little regularity in the size of the windows in this house, yet their distribution and arrangement are such as to result in a pleasing
sense of balance. The shutters of the second-story room on the right make the whole appear as wide as the triple window below

That Window Problem

THE TYPES OF WINDOWS THE QUESTION OF DESIGN AND UTILITY BOTH
INSIDE AND OUTSIDE-THE PRACTICAL CASEMENT AND ITS ADAPTABILITY

DRAPER WILLIAMSON

u v

Photographs by the Author and Others

THERE seem to be two classes of individuals among the
house-builders, and their characteristics are differentiated by
their views on windows.
The extremes are repre-
sented this way. One
seeks to build a glass
house, greedy of sunlight,
and the other, hoarding
privacy, lives in an atmos-
phere of shadow that is
just made apparent by a
few slits in the wall.
Somewhere between lies
the golden mean. So let's
look into this window
business a bit to find
wherein each can help us
with our particular prob-
lem. Three things one
must ever keep in mind :
i. The windows must

give proper light and air. j n mo d er n leaded casements keep up
2. The windows must suit the spirit of the old work

the room. 3. The windows must suit the house. These are essential.
Now, it is often a difficult matter to reconcile these three things,

but it must be done, else
your house design will be
a failure. Take the right-
hand house at the top of
page 13, for instance; no-
tice what a hideous hodge-
podge we have of miscel-
laneous bays, casements,
dormers and so on. No
doubt these fit well
enough into the interior
scheme, but the exterior
is utterly hopeless. And
then compare the left-
hand house, in the same
picture ; note the symmet-
rical, well-spaced win-
dows ; see how perfectly
they are proportioned to

This English house pleasingly com- the design of the building,
bines casements and mullioned bays Yet, I'll venture they fit

(II)

I HOUSE AND GARDEN |

JANUARY, 1913

the interior arrangement no less perfectly on that account, lightful interiors, too many times more pleasing than any ar-
And now let us consider the different sorts of windows. Sup- rangement of detached, single windows. But these many-parted,
"" for a moment, small-scale casements

seem to need the corn-

Clustered windows give pleasanter interior
lighting effects than do isolated ones

pose

that it is a Colonial
house we want. Then
most of the windows
should b e simple,
small - paned affairs,
with white or green
shutters and marble
or brick heads. Some-
times one finds twen-
ty-four panes to the
window ; sometimes
eighteen ; never less
than twelve. As the
central feature of the
second story the Co-
lonial builders often
used a Palladian win-
dow, such as is shown
in the left-hand pic-
ture at the bottom of
this page; named for
Palladio, a n early
Italian architect, who
first designed

Wonderful delicacy and refinement of detail always marked
the real Palladian window ; its modern imitation is often crudely
clumsy.

But, above all, one must keep the Colo-
nial house regular, symmetrical and free
from picturesque "stunts." In the lower
left corner of page 13 is the actual
Eighteenth Century House; the upper
photograph at the opposite corner of the
same page is the Twentieth Century imita-
tion. Now, the modern affair would be as
gracefully pleasing as the older one, if
only that fungus-like Elizabethan bay-
window were scraped off. In itself, no
doubt, the bay is well enough; it might
even pass, after a fashion, if it were set
centrally above the porch ; but in its pres-
ent happy-go-lucky anchorage it inerelv
succeeds in ruining the whole design

But if one
would have some
rambling, pictur-
esque type of
house, one doesn't
need to keep so
rigidly symmet-
rical. The half-
timbered houses
of England have
such delightful
little clusters of
tiny-paned case-
ments and such
splendidly roman-
tic ranges of tall-
transomed, mul-
Honed bays ! And
these clusters of

Small panes in the bedroom windows admit
of large, light-giving frames

Triple-hung windows, sliding up into re-
cesses, allow shutters and draperies

wmdow as the feature of the second story

panionship of half-
timber work, with its
broken-up, checkered
surfaces ; they rarely
seem entirely satis-
factory when we set
them in another sort
of house.

The old English
window panes were
always leaded in dia-
mond pattern ; with
perhaps some crest or
escutcheon, of col-
ored glass, worked in
the upper transoms.
Of course, these old-
time glaziers were
forced to use small
panes, for nothing
larger could be made ;
but nowadays we can
have what size panes

we will. But while the single large pane has some undoubted
practical advantages, it lias serious esthetic disadvantages senti-
mental disadvantages, too, let us say. For
the single large pane coldly suggests the
mart, the palace, the hotel ; but does it
ever suggest the home? Perhaps it is
because we like to see some bit of screen
between the home and the world, some
subtle suggestion of privacy.

And thus it is that the modern architects
still stu:ly schemes for small-paned win-
dows, departing from the letter of the old
diamond-lighted glass, but keeping its
spirit, nevertheless. One finds squares,
geometrical patterns and conventional de-
signs in lead; sometimes one sees wood
muntins ; and, lately, casement sash of
steel or bronze are being used.

"I'll just tell the carpenter to put a
couple of dormers
in the roof; he'll
know what pro-
portion to make
them," said a cer-
tain cocksure
property owner to
me the other day.
And the result ?
Well, the carpen-
ter did not know
how to proportion
the windows ;
they are bare and
staring; but a
larger fault lies in
the huge, over-
powering d o r -
mers. These ele-
phantine affairs
are bad failures.

A typical Colonial window of 1770, with
small panes and a "Jack-arch" head

JANUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN |

The right-hand house is a meaningless hodge-podge of bays, casements
and dormers; the other has its windows carefully spaced and
proportioned

And there is a wonderful variety of
dormers, too enough for every possible
sort of house. Dainty gable-topped Colo-
nial dormers, with their round-headed or
square-headed sash and small-paned win-
dows ; or Dutch-Colonial dormers, with
long, slanting roofs. Again, we have the
low, broad dormer of the attractive house
at the top of this page. Be sure that the
dormer you want will harmonize with the
house you want. The Dutch-Colonial
dormer, for example, needs a large, high-
pitched roof; for if the slant be too flat,
this sort of dormer looks horribly awk-
ward. . As a general rule, one must use
some dther dormer, if the main roof angle
be less than forty-five degrees.

Sometimes one wants a window that
one can use as a doorway, leading to a
porch, a balcony or a terrace. The "French
window" is the most usual sort a pair of
long casements, opening like double doors.
If these casements have the shelter of a
porch roof they may open in ; otherwise
they should open out, for
it is almost impossible to
make an in-opening case-
ment tight against a di-
rect driving rainstorm.
And if one wants draped
curtains, the in-opening
sash are most awkward
things, always getting
hopelessly tangled up
with the draperies. Out-
opening sash are better,
but one can't have shut-
ters with them. So, if
you want shutters and
draperies on your terrace
windows, you must use
the scheme shown in the
center of page 12 triple-
hung windows, we call
these ; the three sash slide
up into an overhead pock-
et, leaving ample height
beneath for one to walk

Frenck windows opening in, prevent injury
from suddenly arising storms ; they are also
protected from moisture changes

An early Eighteenth Century house.
The dormers are well in scale

A modern Colonial house, very pleasing in detail and with good gable-
topped dormers on the main roof, but spoiled by the unsymmetrical
setting of the bay

out. These triple-hung windows are not
any new thing, either ; we find them in
century-old houses quite often. Occa-
sionally the lowest sash is omitted and re-
placed with two little doors -"jib doors,"
carpenters call them about two feet high.
These jib doors do away with the risk of
kicked-out panes, and have some other
slight advantages, too.

In old-time houses one often finds
quaint quadrant casements in the gable,
on either side of the chimney. Besides
being most attractive, these fit into the
triangular gable space remarkably well.
Occasionally where there is no central
chimney the gable window is a half circle
"D-windows," in carpenters' language.
Stairway windows are often most diffi-
cult things to decide on. Usually, how-
ever, the Colonial builders would put a
Palladian window here ; it not only gave
character to the exterior of the house, but
made a most delightful effect as one looked
up the stairway. The photograph at the
beginning of this article
shows another stair win-
dow scheme.

Shuttered windows are
largely confined to Colo-
nial work ; for, of course,
one cannot well have shut-
ters on group windows or
casements. Interior blinds
have almost totally disap-
peared ; the more conve-
nient and less costly shade
roller has taken their
place. But outside shut-
ters still stay, not only be-
cause they are convenient
but because they are often
very necessary to the de-
sign. Take the lowest
picture at the right side of
page 13 : the shutters give
a most needful note of
color to the otherwise
(Continued on page 65)

Quadrant-shaped windows fit in the
gable remarkably well

The Kind of a Roof for Your House

THE VARIOUS MATERIALS ADAPTABLE TO COUNTRY HOUSES-THEIR RELATIVE ADVANTAGES, COSTS, ENDUR-
ANCE AND FIREPROOFING QUALITIES-IMPORTANT THINGS TO DISCUSS BEFORE THE HOUSE IS COMPLETED

BY FRANK CHOUTEAU BROWN
Photographs by Julian Bulkley, Mary H. Xorthend and Others

e a well known saying, it may with equal truth those metals, in the form of tin, zinc, copper and lead, that are
be said that a house is no tighter than its weakest part- occasionally used on sloping roofs to obtain a particular effect anc

and generally that weakest part is
the roof. But there are other con-
siderations besides mere practical or
structural fitness that must be taken
into account in selecting roofing
materials for a dwelling, as to-day
the question of appearance is be-
ing given more and more weight in
deciding upon questions of house
building, resulting from an esthetic
advance in standards of taste for
which the popular magazines, par-
ticularly those dealing with dwell-
ing construction in an untechnical
fashion, have had much to do.

The problem of rooting, then.
consists first in making the roof
waterproof or tight; second, in
making it attractive; third, in the
question of cost, and fourth this
a new point of view that is fortu-
nately spreading with great rapid-
ity, comes the question as to the
fire-protective qualities of the ma-
terial.

If the slates are graded toward the ridge pole, a more pleas-
ing effect is produced. Notice here also the varying uses
of metal casements. Charles A. Platt, architect

serve an unusual purpose ; but as a
rule these materials, except in the
case of metal imitating the form
of tiles, are generally used upon
flat roofs.

First, as to the shingle roof : in
those localities where shingles of
good quality can be obtained for
between $3.50 and $4.50 a thou-
sand there can be no question but
that this makes a satisfactory ma-
terial for the ordinary dwelling. It
is generally tighter than most slate
or tile roofing, because the very
moisture that creeps into the roof
crevices and occasions trouble,
causes the individual shingles to
expand and so close up the smaller
crevices through which the moisture
might run or blow. Shingles are
also, in the main, attractive in ap-
pearance. If put on without ap-
plied color pigment of any kind,
they eventually become very dark
and black in color, but for several

In dwelling construction, of course, the flat roof is not an im- years previous (in part depending upon the location of the house
portant part of the problem. Flat roofs often occur over piazzas, near the seashore or otherwise) they continue to develop varying
make the floors of sleeping porches, or occupy portions of the shades of attractive weathered gray.

main roof known as "decks." Decks generally occur in design- The life of the shingled roof varies from ten to twenty years,
ing a large house, when
it is desirable to keep
ridge or roof line low
and increase the length
at the same time that
the height of a building
is decreased. But the
problem of the flat
roof so little concerns
the dwelling that it
may well be set to one
side.

Roofing m a -
terials for a pitched
roof, selected for cost,
run about in the fol-
lowing order : First and
cheapest, shingles ; next
in price, shingles
dipped in preservative
stain ; third, slate of the
cheaper quality ; fourth,

some of the patent roofs of various compositions ; fifth come some
varieties of roofing tile and the better qualities and the more ex-

Shingles are sometimes laid in double thickness every few courses to keep the house in
scale. This place shows a good use of horizontal lines across a house. Albro &
Lindeburg, architects

depending upon the
steepness of its pitch
and its location and ex-
posure to weather or
the points of the com-
pass. A flat pitched
roof will rot out soon-
er than a steep pitched
roof ; shingles laid up-
on a roof overhung by
trees and much in
shadow will not last
nearly as long as when
the house is open to
currents of air and the
drying rays of the sun.
The shingles of a less
perfect grade are, of
course, shorter - lived
than those freer from
imperfections : and as
the cost and labor of

laying is the same in both cases, it is generally real economy to
use only the best quality of seasoned cedar shingles on house

pensive methods of laying slate ; last, the most expensive types of roofs, particularly if the pitch is flatter than ninety degrees.

tile roofing. This list might be further expanded by including Of shingles to be found in stock, cedar white or red is the

(14)

JANUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

generally favored material. There are other shingles, to be sure :
cypress and redwood, for instance. The latter, particularly, is
cheaper and easier to obtain in the Western than the Eastern
market. In northern latitudes the redwood shingles have some-
times not been satisfactory from the fact that they come in such
large widths that, when filled with moisture and frozen by a sud-
den change in the weather, they are apt to split along the grain
of the wood under the action of the slight pressure exerted by
the upcurving uneven edges of the shingles beneath. This occa-
sionally opens up crevices through which the next rainstorm finds
an opening into the house below. Cypress or cedar shingles
should both be laid up about the same distance to the weather,
although the commercial
shingle is growing thinner
and shorter with each pass-
ing season and now barely
covers eighty-five surface
feet when it formerly cov-
ered one hundred. The cy-
press shingle comes in larger
sizes and can be laid up in
larger widths. Besides, it
has obtained the reputation
of extreme durability. The
ordinary exposure of the
cedar shingle is 4^/2 inches
when on the roof, and not
exceeding 5 inches when on
the wall, and this gives the

roof the appearance of being lined across with narrow strips
that sometimes succeed in making the material too small and
characterless on a large and boldly designed dwelling. In that
case the architect has still at his command the larger and heavier
cypress shingles, or occasional'}- he restores the proper scale to
his design by doubling the shingles in every four or five courses,
obtaining from the heavier shadow cast by this greater thickness

The appearance of a tile roof is improved when the various tiles are left
open at the eaves, producing the interesting wave line

By means of stain, the shingle is adapted to run almost the
entire gamut of color expression. Barring the fact that the
darker wood shingle such as the redwood or red cedar shingle
will not take the lighter stains without considerably modifying the
color pigment, the white cedar can be toned from the most deli-
cate shades up to the darkest, the latter obtainable only in the
darker grained woods. If stained, the shingle should be dipped
l;efore placing upon the roof, so that not only the outer exposed
face, but the butts, the sides and even the back receive a thorough
coating of the pigment, or the preservative. In this way the life
of a shingle is considerably prolonged. If stain is applied to
shingles after they are laid upon the roof, it should be of the

thinnest possible quality. A
thick stain will merely run
down to the lower edge of
the butt and form a ridge
above which water collects,
having a tendency to rot
the shingle course below.
Paint produces the same re-
sult to even a greater de-
gree. Therefore a painted
roof lasts less time than a
natural shingled roof. A
shingled roof, covered with
a thick coat of stain after
the shingles are laid, is like-
ly to last less time than if
the shingles were left nat-
ural ; and the adding of the stain to the shingle by dipping before
it is put in place will probably increase the life of the wood in
the neighborhood of twenty to twenty-five per cent. This just
about pays for the extra expense of stain and dipping, but the
advantage aside from the fact that it is so easy by the use of
stains to bring the roof into its proper harmony of any color
scheme desired lies in the fact that the color of the roof is kept

a grouping of the small shingle units into greater divisions of pleasing from the very moment of laying up to the very end of
more size, giving them importance on the design. This, of the life of the material. The dipped shingle, of course, absorbs a
course, adds to the expense and in some localities may possi-
bly slightly increase the tendency of the shingle to rot where the
double courses retain the moisture and cut out the ventilation.
In' some countrv locations, native shingles can be bought as low

as $2.00 and $2.50 a thousand, but these are made from softer

little more of the material than when it is applied with a brush,
and it is also considered more of a bother to lay by carpenters,
and consequently it costs a little bit more on both these items;
but it is well worth the additional sum.

In using color on shingles, especially in the darker tones, the

woods, often without regard to the direction of the grain ; and result is likely to be too dense, heavy and "stodgy" in effect. In

they rarely or never can be obtained without a great number the lighter shingle colors the different texture of the wood, and

of knots, which add neither to the appearance of the roof nor to the varying amount of stain it may absorb by its varying porous

the life of the shingle after it has been secured in place, qualities, make certain minor gradations that soften the effect of

A mottled effect produced by unstained shingles allowed to weather
for a time is attractive

luBI !

The use of shingles may be varied to produce pattern effects of various
lines such as is shown here

HOUSE AND GARDEN |

TAXCARY, 1913

ft, ^ ( Tliic samp result A few vears ago, slate, when used, was either of the densest
the color when seen in a mass upon the roof J^^J^ Jf t ^enl Selected black, as smooth in surface and texture

* relate 1 tobe harmonious ; if some of the roof and as thin as was possible to be obtained, or-this in the period of
nrfS .re clipped in each color and then mixed all together and the Mansard roof house-it was sometimes cut to hexagonal, dia-
thecarpente Take "election merely for size as they are laying mond or other forms of geometrical shape, and hud in al ternate
n he roof good results are obtained. In the course of layers or strata of contrasting colors generally such as black or
r^r the oof wear! into a pleasing softness of tone that for- red. To-day-largely through missionary propaganda and ad-
er prevents the color from seeming to be aggressive and over- vertising efforts, all this has been changed. The endeavor now ,s
nowedng the rest of the building. Such colofcombinations as a to obtain a slate roof of irregular texture, and of vaned color and
weathered gray a moss green and a brighter yellow or green can thickness. It has been shown how, in English and other fore lg n
be mixed in proportions to produce
the general effect of a lichen-covered
roof ; and such colors as browns, reds
and yellows may be mixed to get the
general effect of the uneven coloring
of a tile roof, for instance. The ef-
fect of the purplish sea-green slate
roof can be nearly simulated in shin-
gles, provided that color scheme seems
desirable to the designer of the dwell-
ing. In fact, the variety at hand is in-
finite.

In certain sections of the country
some stains combine with rain water
to react upon roof flashing, so that
the metal is eaten out very rapidly,
and leaks result from that cause. In
some cases an acid is formed that also
affects the metal gutters and con-
ductors and eats them away. A zinc-
flashing will last as long in the shingle
roof as the wood material, and cop-
per flashings are generally an unnec-
essary expense without any resulting
benefit to the owner. Of course, the
reverse is true of the flashings to be

Flat tile or shingle tile is used to good effect, is very
adaptable and is less weight than the ordinary type

used on roofs constructed of such per-
manent materials as slate or tile.

Next let us consider slate, as
Miis is generally the material next
available in the price scale. It is
not generally understood that
neither slate nor tile, of them-
selves, makes tight roofs. The
crevices that occur in between are
so large and open that snow will
creep up under the courses in cold
weather and melt the next warm
spell, so entering the house be-
neath unless some preventive is
taken. The same is even more
true of the tile than of the slate.
Therefore it is necessary, in using
either material, to have a heavy
paper coating with well-lapped
edges, that is of itself impervious
to moisture, placed outside the
boarding, and if a material of a
certain spongy quality can be used,

so that it will close up tightly around all nails, the best result is
likely to be obtained. This can sometimes be done with a tar
paper, or with certain papers, of a rubber-like consistency. Once
the roof is made tight in this way, the outer surfacing, either of

The slight irregularity in the laying of the old tile roof produced
interesting texture effects

roofing of older times, the slate was
selected and laid so that the heavier
larger pieces were around the eaves
and then were nicely graduated in
size and thickness as the roof neared
the ridge course, where the smallest
and thinnest slates were used. Thus
beauty was obtained from irregularly
cut slate, in the resulting charm of tex-
ture and softening of shadows upon
the roof. A method of mixing slate
so as to use the varying colors of dif-
ferent qualities upon the same roof,
is by employing mottled purple and
green with the solid purple and green
slate, for instance, to blend the two
colors together, or gray and green
upon the same roof, along with other
combinations available within the
scope of the material. Of course,
either of these methods adds expense
of assorting and handling, and this
expense is increased when an attempt
is made to grade and select the slates
for varying rows for their thickness
and size.

It is true that the effect of a "mixed
slate'' roof may be obtained at a less
expense by the use of "fading"
slate, generally of little thickness,
when after a few years consider-
able variety of tones in the vari-
ous slates will be brought out from
the action of the air alone, but in
this case there is some uncertainty
as to the final result, and often
some slate turns a most unpleasant
rusty yellow. This makes the
cheapest form of slate roof. Of
course, the cost of the slate also
increases directly as its thickness
is' increased. The commercial
slate is generally of J4" thickness,
3/16" being sometimes marketed;
but unless the material is very firm
in texture, this thickness is likely
to break or crack, when various
slates may drop off of the roof and
give an opportunity for the weath-
er to penetrate the house below.

We sometimes see a small cottage with slates of enormous
thickness, entirely out of scale with the design employed on the
roof. At other times we see slates for five or six rows in one

tile or slate, may be applied with perfect safety, and either mate- size, and then suddenly change to a 2" or i" less exposure for

rial ensures a durability to the roof, as well as a protection, in the next five or six rows, producing a distressing crudity of effect

case of fire on adjoining property, from the non-inflammable because the difference is immediately apparent to the eye. In
nature of the material employed, that is not the case with wood. (Continued on page 68)

appy

^- -_ -^

Tod)r/

(oupt

THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER SUPPLY IN THE SELECTION OF RURAL PROPERTY THE VARIOUS SOURCES
OF SUPPLY AND THE MEANS WITH WHICH THEY MAY BE UTILIZED-THE MODERN SYSTEMS IN USE, THE

OF EACH AND THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE BEST ARE OPERATED

SPECIAL ADVANTAGES

B Y

AND THE
CHARLES E.

WHITE, JR., M. A. I. A.

! ATER supply means so little to some in-
different house owners before the house
is built that it is not surprising that many
mistakes are made in providing a water
supply which proves inadequate after the
house is completed. Most mistakes be-
come apparent when it is too late to cor-
rect them, for many house owners are so
anxious to begin actual building opera-
tions, and they spend so much time over
house plans and so little over that more
prosaic side of the problem, the water
supply, that the latter is often neglected.

Nothing is more necessary for the successful operation cf the
various departments of the house than pure water and plenty of it.
At the beginning of planning yes, even before the building site
is purchased consideration should be given this all important
branch of work and the owner should ask himself these ques-
tions: "Where will the supply of water come from? Is it pure?
Will it prove abundant? Can it be economically piped to the
Jiouse?"

Those who live in town will not find it necessary to consider
the problem quite so minutely as those who live in the country,
but town dwellers should understand something about the source
of their drinking water and the proper way to pipe it lo the
house for connecting with the various plumbing fixtures.

When one is contemplating purchasing a lot in a town where
one has never lived, it will be well to investigate the water sup-
ply proposition before buying a lot. Procure a sample of the
water and have it tested. This can be done by any chemist and
;the charge for such service is so slight that it is well worth while.
It is also well to ascertain what the local water- pressure is, to

make sure that it is sufficient to provide for a copious supply of
water to the house at all times when brought through a % inch
service pipe (the standard size for services allowed by most
municipal water works).

Although a Y\ inch pipe is usually the largest tap that will be
allowed- by the water company on its mains, it is frequently pos-
sible to take more than one 4 inch tap for large houses where
a % inch flow of water might be insufficient. Thus two or three
YZ inch or ^4 inch taps can sometimes be taken from the main,
bringing them by means of bends into a single i l / 2 inch service
line to the house. On large places where there is to be a house
of good size as well as a garage this is a good way to do.

All water pipes inside the house should drain back to the main
shut-off just inside the cellar wall so that in the event of closing
up a house in winter during the absence of the owner, water can
be shut off and the entire contents of the pipes drained to prevent
freezing. It is also an advantage to have every subsidiary line

(T\ of pipe fitted with a

-TAJIK,

valve so that one
line can be shut off
and drained without
interfering with the
operation of anv

ttAflD-PUMP

For small houses the hand pump instead of
a power-driven one may be used for se-
curing compression

other. In making
repairs this will be
found a great con-
venience and it is
surprising that more
owners do not insist
upon this method of
piping when it costs
so little more than

(17)

HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

-ArtD-PUMP-

A pressure tank supplied with water by means
of a gasoline engine and pump

the ordinary piping without the simply operating cut-offs.

In some localities just at the edge of town where the house
can be served either by the municipal water works or by one's
own water supply plant, owners are frequently in doubt which
to choose. Water supply under such circumstances should be
determined by cost of operation. One can figure quite accurately
the cost of operation of a water supply outfit operated by a gas
engine or electric motor. Manufacturers' figures can usually be
depended upon and the house owner should first estimate the
cost of water furnished by the municipality and compare it witli
cost of water supplied by one's own plant. Of course the only
fair way to judge of the two systems is to take into consideration
the quality of the water furnished as well as its cost.

Artesian well water supplied by so many municipal plants is

frequently so hard
as to make it neces-
sary to have two
kinds of water in
the house, town
water for drinking
purposes and "soft"
water for laundry
and bath. Much ar-
tesian water contains
such a percentage of
lime that it is im-
possible to get up a
good lather with it.
There are several
compounds that can be bought to soften hard water for the bath,
most of which consist of powder or lumps to be put into water
before bathing. These produce water approximately "soft " but
not so good as rain water.

Lime precipitated
by artesian well
water when it is
heated (as in the
hot water heater
and range boiler) is
the source of much
trouble in plumbing
and heating pipes
and radiators. In
some places, also,
the heating of arte-
sian well water produces an acid
that attacks pipes and <
them to disintegrate soon.

To offset some of these
troubles caused by artesian well
water it is a very good idea to
install a separate water supply system
of "soft" water, piped to the laundry
tubs, kitchen sink and bathrooms.
This usually consists of a compression
tank in the basement drawing water
from a cistern built in the yard, fed
by rain water from the roof by means
of the downspouts.

The compression tank in the base-
ment is operated by a pump run by a
gas engine or electric motor working
automatically, the pump forcing water
from the cistern into the pressure
tank, the latter being a boiler-plate
tank built to withstand considerable
pressure. Forcing water into the

- COVES.

- :>! [V

-/ttUT-OTT
VM.VE-

[toprre.

/Cttl/J

/A/ID)

-f

''.*'

*.v

V- -

-"-''!'

OVEJLTLOW

A concrete cistern renders moun-
tain spring water available

PECS5U
TANK

OMP

The best type of windmill installation has a
pressure tank in the basement

pressure tank bot-
tles up air con-
tained at the other
end of the tank,
forming, in fact,
compressed air.
The more water
forced into the
tank, the higher
this air pressure
w h i c h s e n d s
water from the
tank to the vari-
ous fixtures in
the house, the en-
tire operation be-
i n g automatic.
When a faucet is
opened, water is
supplied from the
tank under pres-
s u r e and after
considerable
water has been
used the pressure

falls in the tank, releasing an automatic switch which starts the
pump again and forces more water into the tank, thus again in-
creasing pressure. When the pressure has arisen to the proper
point a switch automatically shuts off power and the pump stops.
Of course when soft water in addition to hard water is piped to
the various fixtures, a third pipe line and faucet are required at
each fixture. Thus, hot soft water is delivered at one, cold soft
water at another and cold hard water at the third. In many
houses soft water is carried simply to the laundry tubs, hard
water being used at the kitchen sink and in the bathrooms.
When special soap is used to counteract the effect of hard water
this is a fairly satisfactory way.

Instead of using a pressure tank operated by electric motor or
gas engine, many house owners install pressure tanks, operated
by a hand pump. With these it is necessary to pump the tank
only about three-quarters full of water once in so many hours,
depending upon the amount of water used. This is a perfectly
practical installation for small houses where consumption of
water is not too large, for hand pumps operate easily by means
of a lever pulled forward and backward.

When the municipal water supply is taken from a river or
lake the water is usually sufficiently soft for all purposes, mak-
ing it unnecessary to have an independent soft water supply. In
this case the owner need merely have the water tested to make
sure that it is pure and fit to use.

For those who cannot use,
or do not desire to use the
municipal water system, there
are many ways open to pro-
cure an efficient, adequate sup-
ply of pure water. The first
thing the country house owner
should consider is the source

The hydraulic ram system is simple
and effective

of his water supply, for upon this source de-
pends the proper system for piping water
to the house. For instance, if the new house
is in the mountains a most practical solution of the
problem may be to tap a spring high up on the moun-
tain side, piping water down to the house. Or in a
more level country if water is to be brought from a
stream or pool a hydraulic ram may be advisable to
force it into the house. A driven or dug well may be

JANUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN

AUTOMATIC

Hint.

This electric switch automatically controls the
electrically driven outfit

ing discharged by a
compressed air out-
fit contained direct-
ly at the well, or the
water may be sucked
to the house by
means of a pump in
the basement of the
house and forced to
the various fixtures
by a pressure tank.
By far the ma-
jority of country-
houses are supplied

pure.

with water from a dug or driven well and this is usually the most
satisfactory solution of the water supply problem. Whether to
dig a well or "drive" one is largely a matter to be determined by
local conditions. Old farms, so often bought and modernized,
usually have a dug well somewhere on the place which in many
cases proves adequate to supply the estate with water. In using
an old well of this sort, however, one should be particular that
it is located far enough from buildings to admit of no contamina-
tion. The water should be tested and pronounce<

It is general practice now in most
sections of the country to "drive"
wells instead of digging them, for the
former kind can be sunk to a deeper
level than is usually possible with
dug wells, making it possible to tap
that larger and purer supply of water
which lies deep below the surface.
Driven wells vary in depth from
thirty or sixty feet to 300 feet or
more, according to location. The pro-
cess consists in boring or "driving" a
hole (usually four to six inches in
diameter) by means of a well drill-
ing machine (operated by a profes-
sional well-driver), the hole after-
wards being filled with pipe (called
"casing") to which the pump is sub-
sequently attached. Prices for these
driven wells vary in different sec-
tions of the country but average about as follows : Six inches in
diameter, $2.25 per foot; 5 inches, $1.75; 4^ inches, $1.50, in-
cluding the casing.

Many houses located in mountain districts are fed adequately
with pure water from a spring by the
simple means of pipes laid from the
spring to the house. When the spring
is high enough above the house to give
a good head of water at the fixtures
this is a practical way to -get a supply
of water. After locating a spring that
flows throughout the year, a concrete
cistern should be built, enclosing it,
containing pure sand in the bottom
through which the spring can bubble.
The outlet pipe (from which water
flows to the house) should be covered The compressed air

more advisable than maintain a good sized cistern (holding say 120 barrels), there
either, the water be- should be an adequate supply of water.

If the spring is not situated high enough above the level of the
house to give good head to the water it will be necessary to in-
stall a hydraulic ram below the spring to force water into the
house under pressure. A hydraulic ram is an ingenious little de-
vice by which water lifts itself from pool to house. The flow of
water from the pool to the ram by force of gravity propels a
column of water upward to the house, a portion of the water be-
ing wasted in the operation. Water at the house end of the line
is stored up in a storage tank (from which it flows by gravity to
the fixtures) or it can be delivered to a pressure tank for feeding
the fixtures. The hydraulic ram works simply by utilizing the
weight of a body of water to drive a comparatively small amount
to a considerable height. When once installed it needs practically
no repair or attention and it has no operating expense.

The same conditions that control the use of spring water for
supplying a country house also control any stream, pool or lake
from which the owner may desire to obtain the water supply for
his house, bearing in mind always, that no source of water should
be considered until it has first been tested by a reliable chemist.
In many instances a hydraulic ram works well at stream or
pool, or frequently it is more practical to use a compressed air
outfit for forcing water from the source of supply to the house.
For the benefit of the reader who is considering water supply for

his country place it may be well to
review here a few of the standard
systems which are available for this
purpose.

In the first place, there is always
the windmill outfit where a windmill
located directly over a driven or dug
well pumps water into a high tank
from which it is delivered by force
of gravity to the various fixtures in
the house. There is no reason for
windmills being the unsightly stacks
they so often appear. By inclosing
the framework to harmonize with the
architectural scheme of the outbuild-

A basement pressure tank equipped with an electrically
driven pump

with a fine, copper wire screen to pre-
vent any sediment from entering the
pipe line. At the top of the cistern
build an iron or wooden cover. With a
flowing spring of capacity to fill and

ings proper, much more pleasing ap-
pearance is obtained, or, as is shown
in the illustration at the head of this
article, the windmill may be of
the decorative as well as prac*-
tical Holland type. A success-
ful method when it is desired
to do the pumping by means of
a windmill is to provide
a pressure tank in the
basement of the house

COMPRESSOR

OJJ.-MOTOJL-

to which water is pumped by the wind-
mill and whence it is delivered to the
various fixtures by pressure of the tank. This
removes the possibility of a frozen tank in the
winter time.

Generally speaking, there are two
types of pressure tank systems those
space and the water does not stand in a tank (Continued on page 53)

system with lift-
ing apparatus in-

Mistakes We Made In Building Our House

A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE IN HOME-MAKING AND THE ERRORS IT BROUGHT
TO LIGHT-VENTILATION, HEATING AND OTHER VITAL CONSIDERATIONS

BY CHARLES K. FARRI-NGTON

I DO not suppose we made more mistakes than does the average
house builder. We had an architect, and told him before
he drew up the plans and specifications what we thought we
wanted. After we had lived awhile in our house we found how
different many things might have been.

Take the cellar, for example. Few housebuilders pay much
attention to this part of the house, often I might add to their
cost. The cellar is used a good deal, and the health of the family
may depend in a measure upon how it is constructed. We did
not plan for coal space. We did not think of the necessity of
doing so. Consequently our supply of coal has to be placed over
the piping from the heater. This is always objectionable. The
piping may be injured by the coal rushing against it when it is
being put in, or a leak may develop underneath the coal, making
much labor necessary to reach and repair it. We found out also
that in common with many housekeepers we could save fifty
cents per ton on our winter's supply of coal for range and furnace
if it was put in during the late summer or early fall. In our case
this would mean a saving of ten dollars a year. When planning
for your furnace to be set, see that there is sufficient coal space
near it for the entire winter's supply of coal, and that no piping
is in the way. Then it will be in a position where it can be
handled easily without undue labor when the furnace is coaled.
We have many times wished we had planned for this when we
built our home, and we could easily have done so with no extra
expense.

"Outside flap folding cellar doors" should be avoided. They
are very expensive to keep in repair ; slamming them down will
injure their hinges, and the wood also rots rapidly away. An
ordinary door in the side of the house is vastly superior. Then
there is no snow to clean off the cellar doors in the winter time,
nor do they freeze up as the outside kinds do, and in summer a
wire screen door can be used, thus largely ventilating the cellar.
A door placed in the side of the house can often be arranged to
open directly upon the kitchen stairs leading to the cellar. Such
an arrangement economizes space, especially if the back stairs
from first to second floors are located directly over the cellar
stairs. A little care in planning these details will save much
valuable space.

Th,e cellar should be provided with plenty of windows opening
directly to the outside air, and not underneath piazzas as a number
of ours did. If windows open so they do not ventilate as they
should. If a wire door is used in connection with a door set in
the side of the house, and a good number of windows, the air
in the cellar will be kept pure and sweet. People sometimes
wonder how bad air from the cellar comes through the house.
It does so easily, through the walls, directly from the cellar.
Also a damp cellar will make the first story rooms very unpleasant
to live in.

Our plans showed room for the kitchen range to be set in
the chimney, but it was found impossible to do this because suf-
ficient space had not been allowed for the range and hot-water
boiler next to it, also two doors, one opening into the pantry,
the other into the laundry, one door being located on each side
of the range. The range therefore was set next to the chimney.
This wasted room, and room is always at a premium in a kitchen ;
also the kitchen was much warmer in hot weather. This same
error made it impossible for a third story room through which
the same kitchen chimney passed on its way to the roof to have
an additional window. The plans showed a window on each

side of the chimney, but it was possible to place but one. Mis-
takes like this are very common in plans, strange to say, and the
housebuilder should plainly state the number of windows he must
have to his architect, and leave nothing to chance.

A range for the kitchen with one large oven instead of two
smaller ones we have found from actual tests to be far more
serviceable, and we discarded our two oven range for one with
a single oven. The two oven ranges have of course a much
larger fire pot and consequently burn a far greater amount of
coal. At most times a single oven with a shelf in it will give an
abundance of room for the cooking of an average family. In
such cases if a double oven s,tove is used it causes needless ex-
pense. We found this so after a thorough trial. Also we had
too much hot water as too large a water back came with the
large fire pot, and we wasted much water by being obliged to
let it off at frequent intervals to prevent damage to our boiler
by steam from overheated water. All such details one learns from
experience, but it is costly ; a far better way is to learn from others
and make a right selection at the start. Of course unless such
matters are brought before a housebuilder's attention they will
probably not be considered. Few persons think to inquire about
the size of the fire pot, this of course determining the amount of
coal the range will burn. Small details as regards attachments,
finish, etc., are usually considered, but the important item as to
how much coal the range will burn is too often entirely ignored.

A combination gas and coal range is a nice thing to have and
saves much room in the kitchen. Our kitchen was not well
ventilated ; windows should be provided on at least two sides of
a kitchen so as to secure sufficient air from outside.

The back stairs leading from the kitchen to the second story
were also a failure. Care in designing them was not used,
consequently sufficient space was not left to make stairs with
square platforms at the turns. Instead, the steps at the turns
were of the kind that go to a point at one side. This, of course,
makes the stairs dangerous, yet such stairs are used. Do not
allow them to be used in your home ; a very bad accident is likely
to occur at any time. Our third story stairs were also poorly
planned. A room above them made it impossible for a large
piece of furniture to be carried up them to the store room located
on the third floor. Insist upon having stairs which are designed
for use, and which will allow furniture to be taken up or down
them without damaging woodwork or walls. Ours are not so
and we have suffered much inconvenience thereby. Insist also
that hand rails shall be placed on them. Without hand rails stairs
are very dangerous, but ours did not have them until we put them
up at considerable expense after living in our home awhile.

A servant's bathroom was built off the laundry without the
cellar being built underneath it. Under no circumstances allow
such a thing to be done in any house you build. The warm air
from the cellar, of course, could not protect the plumbing, and
each winter much damage resulted. The idea that warm air from
the laundry and kitchen would warm this extension proved an
absolutely mistaken one. It is necessary to have the space be-
tween the floors warm also to prevent damage to the traps.
Building the bathroom over the front door vestibule is also a
very bad practice. Often this is done in houses built these days
when two bathrooms are provided, and even small houses are
now provided with two bathrooms because the convenience of
having them is becoming more and more realized. "The owner's
(Continued on page 48)

(20)

Rim sash when finished and set on end may be *
fitted into a frame, making a row of casements

SUGGESTIONS OF POSSIBLE LOW COST METHODS OF

USING MATERIALS SAVING IN STRUCTURE AND PLAN

-INGENIOUS WAYS OF USING STOCK WOODWORK TO

GOOD ADVANTAGE

BY WILLIAM DRAPER BRINCKLE

"^HE lure of the bargain-counter lies over us ail over you, sir,
A just as strongly as over madame, your wife. No, I'll admit
you don't spend five dollars' worth of time, temper and vitality
to buy a yard of 12^0. stuff for n}4c. ; but you do chase rain-
bows even more industriously, when it's a question of building
your house. You are going to get a home at a most wonderfully
low cost you are going to buy your material yourself, and hire
your own workmen, and employ all sorts of startling innovations.
Likewise (though you don't know it) you are going to buy some
very valuable experience and pay full price for it, too !

I have tried all ways of building; and absolutely the cheapest
way is to have one general contract to cover everything. Make
one man respon-

,020,

sible, and then
hold him respon-
sible. Otherwise
you'll be met with
the endless cry,
''That's not my
fault!" The
workmen make a
glaring mistake,
for example ; to
correct it will
waste your mate-
rial most shame-
fully but nobody
is responsi-
ble ! Some enter-
prising small boys
enter the un-
guarded building,
and merrily do a
few hundred dol-
lars' worth o f
damage; of
course the fore-
man ought to
have locked the
door, but he didn't, and as a result nobody is responsible!

Not so long since, I overheard two mechanics talking:

"Say, the boss's doin' this here job by the day, ain't he?"

"No, by contract."

"Oh, that's a different story; we want to quit loafin', then, an'
git a move on us; didn't know it was a contract job!"

Such a conversation is characteristic, and merely shows that
anyone not fully familiar with the details of building is certain

These two houses containing about the same amount of space show a considerable difference in
cost. The design at the left cannot use stock lengths of joists and rafters as can that at the right.
This latter shows possible saving in walls at the eaves and in construction of dormers

to be very much disappointed when he launches himself in the
midst of its complexities.

But there is a way of cutting the cost of the small house
Economical Design. The saving that one can effect by proper
care in this is sometimes very startling indeed. For instance, I
recently planned two houses ; in one I was left free to follow my
own inclinations, but in the other I wasn't. The cost of the first
was $1.67 per square foot of floor area, whereas the second was
$2.19, an increase of over thirty per cent!

Now, the saving wasn't in any one large item : it was in a
great number of small items. These are worth considering.
Here are cross-sections through two small houses. There's

just about the same
amount of space
in each, but I'll
wager that the one
at the left will cost
fully twenty per
cent, more than the
other. The rooms,
for instance, are 12
feet wide, just 8
inches too much
for a 12-foot joist,
and so the next
size 14-foot
must be used,
thereby wasting 16
inches. The house
at the right is made
a trifle narrower,
and we use 12-foot
joists with no
waste at all. So
with the rafters :
we just can't use
2O-foot lengths in
the first house, and
have to use two 12-

footers 22-foot rafters are very seldom carried in stock. That
means additional labor and material for bracing and splicing,
whereas the slant of rafters in the other design is so adjusted
that 2O-foot sticks are just long enough.

The eaves of the first house are open, with finished show-
rafters of 3" x 6" yellow pine ; the second house has closed eaves,
carried by rough pieces of 2" x 3". That also means the omission
of 4 feet of brick wall. Finally, the right-hand house has sloping

(21)

HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

"Dutch" dormer windows, while the other has peaked-top dor-
mers, far more expensive to build.

And yet, I'll wager that most people would consider the house
built from the design at the right the more attractive house when
finished !

Very often such a pet plan is devised as
Plan I, and insisted upon regardless of the
fact that it has twenty per cent, more outside
wall surface than a compact arrangement like
Plan II. Outside wall is very much more
costly than partition wall ; besides, a long-
drawn-out plan compels more or less waste
space for passages to reach the bedrooms ;
and passages cost at least a dollar and a half
per square foot. Amateur plan-schemes are
always more or less wasteful and uneconom-
ical ; that is, of course, to be expected. If
one is willing to supply the extra funds, one
should most as-
suredly have a
house planned ex-
actly according to
one's own fancy ;
but too often the
client either will
not or cannot pay
the difference. In
such cases one
should give some
latitude to one's
architect, and per-
mit a little rear-
rangement of the
plan ; too many
clients seem to forget that the
really skilful architect is just as
expert in planning as he is in
exterior designing.

One of the most serious items
of extra cost is the millwork the
doors, the windows and so on. If
one can get these in "stock" that
is, buy them ready-made there is
a saving of from fifty to one hun-
dred per cent, over "special" or
made-to-order work. In a six-
room cottage this saving will be
from $50 to $100, and in a larger
house it is even greater in propor-
tion.

Now, to use stock millwork
properly is a difficult matter; it
means immense labor and research
on the part of the architect. It is
so much easier to make the detail
drawings for whatever quaint con-
ceit comes into one's head, than
painfully to puzzle over stock cat-
alogues, revising one's ideas to
fit! Nevertheless, it's surprising
what wonderfully good results
one can get out of most unprom-

Overburned bricks when laid with the
headers to the weather give an inter-
esting effect of color and pattern

The house at the left would be very much more expensive to heat that than at the right. The
square plan shows an economy of outside wall and a saving in passages to reach the bedrooms

MllHIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIHII*

If a stock door is purchased the architect can combine stock
sash and cupboard paneling, in an effective Colonial doorway

doorways with sidelights are high-priced when made "special;"
but with a stock five-cross-panel door, a pair of stock eight-light
sash, two cupboard doors and some stock molding, a very satis-
factory substitute can be had ; or, by using three cupboard sash
and glazing them with simple leaded glass in
Colonial pattern, one can get still better
effects.

For very large windows having more than
twelve panes, "factory" sash can be had.
These will perhaps show some small defects,
but a little paint and putty will cover up
everything.

Now, many will insist on hardwood finish.
'T can buy it for almost the same as soft
wood," they say. Quite true; but it takes
twice as long to install, and you pay your
carpenter a good stiff sum for this. Cypress,
pine or redwood will stain up very attractive-
ly ; even hemlock,
so treated, has a
wonderfully
beautiful grain,
and has been used
in some very cost-
ly houses.

Be careful of
the stairway:
quirks, twists and
spirals are very
costly things. If
you study some of
the best old Colo-
nial work, you'll
be surprised to
find what extremely good results
were often obtained on very sim-
ple lines. Fussiness doesn't nec-
essarily spell beauty.

Now, another point. Perhaps
you have seen a most attractive
little cottage of field-bowlders,
built for an absurdly small sum.
Exactly ; field-stone could be had
for the picking up, over there,
but you may have to pay a hun-
dred miles of freight, besides
three rehandlings; and so, stone
will be the most expensive thing
you can possibly use. Brick, we'll
say, is made almost at your very
door. Suppose you pick out the
overburned, blackened "arch"
bricks, and use them. Build the
wall so that only the ends of the
bricks show no "stretchers"
whatever. This gives a wonder-
fully picturesque texture; dark
black-brown tones, with a sparkle
of lighter tints. Of course, these
bricks can be had very cheaply
indeed.

Always use local materials as

SSSSSHSS25S SHrr^-T^Pr^^S

is extremely costly, but paneled cupboard doors are very cheap
and one can make very satisfactory effects out of them. Colonial

little Colonial cottages, provided one insists on the smooth-face
(Continued on page 52)

Ceilings should be low to gain the effect of homelikeness ; when over 8 feet 6 inches the room is apt to appear chilly and stiff. Casement windows
planned in rows are always attractive; this bay is seen from the outside in the lower picture on page twenty-four

The Way the Architect Works

AN EXPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL CONSIDERATIONS OF HOUSE PLANNING THAT EN-
ABLES THE PROSPECTIVE HOUSE BUILDER TO CLARIFY HIS IDEAS THE DETAILS THAT
GO FOR COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE, AND ADD TO THE APPEARANCE OF THE HOUSE

ALLEN W. JACKSON

THERE is in the lay mind
an ignorance of how an
architect approaches the prob-
lem of building a house and
too often a misunderstanding
of what he is trying to do.
There is an idea altogether
too common that the business
of an architect is to hang trim-
ming on the outside of the
building and to torture the in-
side into cozy corners, that he
is a luxury, a sort of house
milliner, a kind of parasite
who expends his efforts in
making a great number of
superfluous drawings. It is
the object of this paper to try
to show the architect's true
function, his real relation to
house building, and the metli-

Photographs by the Author, Thos. Ellison and Others

A beamed ceiling strongly emphasizes the horizontal effect of a room

ods which he follows to attain
his ends.

On an architect being in-
formed that his services are
desired, the course of pro-
cedure as usual is as fol-
lows : first, he wishes to visit
the land with the owner.
What he is after is to learn
the location, the existing sur-
roundings and what course
the future development is like-
ly to take, the points of the
compass and the general lay
of the land. Unless the land
is approximately level it will
be the part of wisdom to have
a topographical survey, at
least of so much as will be
covered with the house and its
accessories. The rougher the

(23)

HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

The waste spaces of a house may well be planned to accommodate
closets and drawers or provide a window nook

land the more necessary this will be. He will note the position larger body of people who can better afford it, willing to increase
of any trees, the best views, probable character of the sub-soil, the per-foot cost ; that is, who only desire a small house but are
the location of water, gas, electric wiring and sewer, note any willing to spend more than a minimum sum for it. It would
building restrictions peculiar to that particular lot and any other seem that thoughtful persons in comfortable circumstances would
points that will affect the work. This knowledge is essential. realize the fact that living in a home surrounded by the best

Next, he will wish to have -- 1 - - r ~ :fi - ' J ~

a talk with the owner to dis-
cover what his requirements
are, what he must have, what
he can do without, his particu-
lar hobbies and finally to ask
what he purposes to spend,
and tell him it is not enough !
If he has made tentative
plans at home on the dining
room table, the owner will
produce them sheepishly and
with many apologies, but they
are often a great help.

Having got all the informa-
tion possible from the owner,
the architect's work really be-
gins. Not the least of his dif-
ficulties will be the fitting of
demands into the sum to be
expended. In small work-
that is, houses costing up to
$12,000 space should be giv-
en the first consideration and
the cost of the work is usually
reckoned on a basis of

so much a square

foot, the locality and

type of house desired

affecting the amount.

This means, then, that

for so much money

we can have just so

much house. It is

chiefly a matter of

area.

It is a great sorrow

in the life of an archi-
tect that he is so often

forced to spread his

money out so thin. So

many of the delectable

things that hover on

the point of his pencil

must be sternly order-
ed back and a foot of

area added instead.

This is one of the

things that they seem

to do better in Eng-
land, that land of en-
chanting country

houses. There they

will often build a small house or cottage and spend on it as

much as would build a house twice as large ; money going for

heavy slate roofs, brick and tile here and there, hand hewn

timbers, simple decorative plaster work or the infinite pleasure

to be had in the company of cunning wood joinery and simple

carving.

One cannot find fault with a young couple having a strictly
limited purse for demanding area first, when at best they will

OVlf lAc-ff-lin.'.J.'L..... J * TI r '

English half-timber houses, though more expensive than the house of square plan, have
a charm unapproached by the buildings of flat exterior. Allen W. Jackson, architect

- O- wi-fir^viiat LtOL L11CV Will

less than they desire. We should, however, like to see a

work of gifted designers and
skilled craftsmen is a source
of real solid and lasting pleas-
ure, a subtle influence to re-
finement that makes for an
increased appreciation of all
the world's art of every sort.
Anyone who is at all sensitive
to such things (and the hard-
est head is influenced more
than it ever realizes) knows
how he stands up straighter
and holds his head higher be-
fore a Whistler etching, a
piece of old satsuma, gilded
carcone or faded tapestry.
Oscar Wilde said, "If I only
could live up to my blue
china," and this is the feeling
that soaks into one that is sur-
rounded by work that skillful
men can do.

But to return to our draw-
ing board. First, we have to
determine the proper location
of the main rooms.
Consider the simplest
form of plan for a
moment, the rectan-
gular. The living-
room and dining-
room will each want
southern sun, the din-
ing-room should also
have sun at breakfast
time which determines
for it a southeast
corner. This will
leave the southwest
for the living-room.
The fact that the con-
nection between the
dining- room and
kitchen cannot be
severed has reduced
the possibilities s o
that with the dining-
room on the south-
east, we shall have
our kitchen on the
southeast. This
leaves, by a process of
elimination, only the

southwest for our hall or if the living-room is given the whole
west and side, our hall will come in the center on the north.

This, we will find in the case we have taken, to be a sensible
arrangement.

The kitchen finds itself in the most undesirable corner where
: belongs. It is a room that does not lack heat of its own and
the pantry and refrigerator are about the only places in the house
that should never see the sun. The front hall will also find itself
m a location the least desirable for a room.

JANUARY.

1913

HOUSE

AND

GARDEN

2 5

Having arrived at the disposition of our rooms in some such
way as this, we can proceed to work shape, sizes and sub-divisions.
The exact disposition of space in any larger or more elaborate
house than this will not be possible to consider here. As in the
openings of a game of chess, after the first few moves the possible
ramifications become so num-
erous and complicated that
we are soon bewildered if we
try to learn them all ; so here,
too, the simple beginning of
the four room plan is enough.
Once we make our start cor-
rectly we may amplify as
much as we please and as we
expand the possible arrange-
ments become infinite.

On the second floor, we
shall not try for any archi-
tecture, but the problem will
become one of packing in as
many rooms as will dovetail
together with no space left
over.

It is well for the amateur
planner not to forget here cer-
tain uninteresting but stern
necessities that if ignored will
cause confusion later. For
instance, certain carrying
partitions must run up
through the house,
one above the other
for economy of fram-
ing so that joists of
too great length and
consequent depth need
not be used. This will
fix certain second
floor partitions. The
direction of these
joists must also be
considered so that the
house will be tied to-
gether at the roof
plate. Otherwise, the
thrust of the rafters
would tear it asunder.

The various plumb-
ing fixtures should be
kept over each other
for the sake of econo-
my. The stairs are
one of the few things
that will admit of no
squeezing. In order
not to hit one's head,
a certain amount of
room must be allowed

for them, and if they take up too much room in the hall the hall
must be made larger and not the stairs smaller. We must be
careful not to deceive ourselves on paper. The head room under
roofs must also be gone into carefully to avoid disappointment
later in the attic rooms.

Speaking in a general way of houses having the same floor
area, the advantage of the square over the long narrow plan is
that of greater compactness. It results in being more easily
heated, in shorter distances from one room to another and that

AUTOMATIC

I'll"! '

Among the conveniences that may be planned for is an automatic ash
sifter connected directly with the kitchen range

This house has a variety of elevations without extreme irregularity of plan. The porch
roof provides a possibility for a sleeping porch with iron awning supports as suggested

there are a greater number of rooms that will have windows on
two sides, while the expense of the house per square foot will be
less than in the long house. On the other hand, in the long house
we are able to get our kitchen and nursery further from our
bedrooms. There is an immense gain in the exterior appearance

of the building in that we shall
have one dimension greater
than the others, thus avoiding
the chunkiness of the cubical
mass. More seclusion may be
had for the various rooms and
a livelier sense of interest
created because of the greater
variety of the plan. There is
nothing reticent about a square
house ; on entering the front
door the whole thing is ap-
parent. In the other, it is im-
possible to tell what we shall
find around the next corner.

It is not until we have our
plan roughly blocked out as
above, that the architect will
give much thought to the ex-
terior expression. To be sure,
he will probably have given
some consideration to the ap-
pearance of the building but it
is not until the plan is determin-
ed and its essenAis well fixed
that he will give any
serious attention to
the appearance of the
outside. Considering
the elevations, he will
first determine
whether it is to be
formal or informal in
character, whether he
will try for symmetry
with its accompanying
dignity or for the
picturesqueness that
may easily result
from an informal
rambling treatment.
The nature of the
building, its surround-
ings, and the predilec-
tions of the owner,
will all be factors that
assist him to arrive at
his decision; the pri-
ority of the plan over
the elevations and the
greater amount of
study going into it is
a matter which is not
understood by the uninitiated. It is the plan that is the important
thing and it must govern the elevations. We shall expect, how-
ever, that each will make concessions of a minor nature to the
other, but whatever the esoteric relationship may be it is almost
always to be noted that a thoroughly good plan arrived at after
careful study, will find as its concomitant a set of elevations
waiting ready to clothe it without strain or effort. If one takes
care of the plan, the elevations will take care of themselves.
(Continued on page 60)

The Vital Functions of Light
in the Home

HOW LIGHT INFLUENCES MENTAL AND PHYSICAL
CONDITIONS THE QUESTION OF EYE STRAIN MEANS
OF LIGHTING THAT MAY PRODUCE THE ATMOS-
PHERE OF HOME HOW TO REMEDY PRESENT .EVILS

u Y F. LAURENT GODINEZ

EDITOR'S NOTE. Science has advanced much during the last decade in eliminating evils
and correcting abuses, especially tlwsei connected with home living. We have a better
architecture, more efficient means of sanitation, but in one_ department of the home we
remain ivoefully ignorant. The question of illumination is answered to-day with little
consideration of the esthetic. We are entirely unaware of the vast possibilities of light
us a means of deccratwn and know nothing of its subtle influence upon our health and
even our mental attitude. Mr. Godinez has spent much time and careful research in this
field and has astonishing disclosures to make that will awaken our dormant sensibilities.
Although his criticism is direct, it is of the highest order in that he offers a remedy for
each abuse which he makes apparent. He does not advocate any definite equipment, but
he suggests how each individual may make use of his own to best advantage, and what
are the desirable requisites of new material. In this article he tells his readers for the
first time the important part light plays in their lives, its physical and psychical effect upon
?. In another issue he will give practical suggestions of great value and inspiration.

LIGHT in the home
is as we make it.
It may be a source of
comfort, an inspiring
influence, an element of

the beautiful, or in the utilitarian sense just a part of things, a
servant in the house ; nothing more.

There is no other product of modern civilization which exercises
so great an influence for good or evil in the home. Nerves may
be shattered by its violent use, despondency and melancholia
brightened by its subtle influence. Eye strain and chronic head-
ache will result from its misuse. Eye comfort and visual acuity
are the rewards of its intelligent appreciation. Taken as it is to-
day in allopathic doses, as an antidote for darkness, artificial light
is overstimnlating and dangerous. Assimilated naturally in
visually palatable homeopathic form, it is a wonderful tonic ; but
as prescribed by the incompetent, it is pitifully inadequate, and
a deadly menace to the eyesight.

Let us momentarily consider the causes for such an unfortunate
state of affairs. In trie wholesale manufacture and distribution
of artificial light, we are confronted with the inevitable triangle
of human forces, slightly modified from the conventionalized
triangle of the melodrama, but still a triangle in the functional
sense. In this instance the triumvirate consists of :

First; the manufacturer of energy in luminous form from coal,
popularly known as "that Gas or Electric Light Company,"
operating by franchise as a public service corporation. Second;
the manufacturer of energy transforming devices lamps, which
convert gas or electricity (energy) into the visible luminous form

the manufacturer of
lighting accessories for
the data which has been
quantitative rather than
qualitative.

An eminent authority on interior decoration states: "The
technical man, or engineer, has narrowed his perspective by an
exclusive consideration of economic and utilitarian, rather than
aesthetic considerations. He has knowledge of lamps and their
construction but smiles indulgently, and with smug complacency
at the mere idea of estheticism in lighting." He has no ap-
preciation for environment, knows naught of that consistent
relationship between light and color, which is the essence of
decoration or atmosphere. It is individuals of this negative
type who are responsible for the unrealized possibilities of
artificial light and who have offensively prohibited co-operation
with those most eminently qualified by nature and experience to
advance the cause of artificial light the decorator and architect.
These criticisms do not apply to the illuminant manufacturer
in the sense of belittling his achievement in illuminant improve-
ment for in the tungsten lamp of to-day, evolved by ceaseless
experiments from Mr. Edison's first electric lamp of over thirty
years ago, we have a luminous medium of singular flexibility and
economy. Similarly, the pioneer work of Dr. Carl Auer Von
Welsbach, has given to the world an incandescent gas mantle, at
least, equalling the tungsten lamp in quantity and quality of
light.

This question of quantity and quality of modern light sources
is of grave import. Because he has succeeded in creating an

of light, and their accessories, lighting glassware and fixtures, illuminant which approximates daylight and assists industrial
Third, but by no means least, the public which is theoretically occupation, the illuminant manufacturer is laboring under the
resumed to enjoy, thrive, and prosper by the combination of the delusion that his tungsten lamp with its white light is a universal

panacea for all lighting ills. So far however only the industrial

' '

first and second forces named.
When the consumer of electric

fault to find v utilitarian and commercial-economic aspects have received his

L to find with the service rendered, he invariably accuses the recognition.

lighting company. In most cases, however, the fault lies with

In the lighting of the home, the glare of day perpetuated at

! -_1_ i 1 -j*/**in

ll'sr'-S' lam r r '"if T <; tr r for r 8 the ~ *.* sa Stari 1 S4K:riS

c"l! alfp Lt\r" ^' h ,dvtr ,t C aT e a C ' S *" "^Tj. '"'7"' t * ' V* f^T f ^ ""^ Sh "" 1

greater appreciation of esthetic consideration in many g^ ST'" emft " S '" '<" ""'" "" " ot CT tide '" ""

things but we are ignorant where such consideration

should apply in lighting. We might call this the dark age

of lighting, paradoxical though it may be. We have plenty

of brilliance but neither the conception of its proper use

nor the satisfactory means to enjoy it.

While the contractor and the architect's assistant are
directly blamed for the perfunctory spirit in which they
have placed impossible lighting equipment in the home, it
must be admitted that they are utterly dependent upon

Let us first consider the physiological aspect of artificial
light in the home, and determine briefly just what consti-
tutes ocular hygiene.

One of the necessary requisites for ocular comfort is
that the brilliancy of a light source in the visual field
should be restricted within certain limits. "Illuminating
Engineers" who have rudely invaded the field of the
physiologist, have agreed after most exhaustive controversy
that light sources having a specific brightness of from

(26)

JANUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN

four to five candle power per square inch, down to 0.2 to
o.i candle power per square inch as a minimum, are safe
working standards for the eye. We are informed by the
"Illuminating Engineer'' that no absolute rule can be laid
down, owing to "individually different requirements."
This is a bit nearer the mark, but there is one positive
method of determining whether or not the source of light
is too bright. If it can be regarded fixedly without ocular
discomfort, squinting, or annoyance, it is not too bright
from a physiological viewpoint. Whether it is a source
of pleasure and a delight to the eye, is a psychological,
esthetic problem, which we will discuss later.

Do not confuse the "candle power" of "source brightness
"intrinsic b r i 1 -
liancy" with the
rated candle pow-
er of the light it-
self. The first is
purely a measure
of the brilliancy
of various light
sources expressed
in candle power
per square inch ;
and it is merely
for comparative
purposes that the
reference is here-
inafter used.

Of course, in
many instances
the eye is pro-
tected from the
dangerous bril-
liancy of the
tungsten lamp, by
some sort of
glassware, which
should serve the
double function
of .eye protection
and the re-dis-
tribution of light
over areas where
it is required.
The fact remains,
however, that no

illuminant manufacturer has indicated the necessity for utilizing
his product with care. Undue emphasis on its economical phase
has persuaded the adoption of such lights in substitution for older
types of less brilliant illuminants, but nothing has been said about
eye strain and its prevention.

Since the days of the candle the source brightness of our il-
luminants has steadily increased. It has passed the danger mark,
but the saturation point is not yet in sight. If values of from
o.i to five candle power per square inch constitute the maximum
range of brightness that is safe for human eye-
sight, glance at the following tabulation, and
cease to marvel at the oculist's prosperity :

Source of Light Intrinsic Brilliancy

Candle Power
Per Square Inch

Candle 3-- 4-

Oil lamp 3-- 8.

Gas flame 3-- 8.

Carbon filament electric lamp 375.

Welsbach gas mantle 2O.-5O.

Tungsten lamp 1000.

Whatever is good in decoration expresses a consistent relationship between light and color. The
atmosphere of the home as influenced by light should reflect refinement; do not desecrate its
environment with commonplace lighting glassware typical of the store, the office and the factory

From an inspection of the above it is apparent that each
successive development of electrical illuminants has been
attended with an amazing increase in source brightness,
and where a value of five candle power per square inch is
considered the limit of safety, we have exceeded that
limit two hundred times !

WTien this significant fact is realized the time will be
at hand for serious consideration.

The human eye is but an extended portion of the brain,
according to the most eminent anatomists and as such
must lie treated as no mere auxiliary optical equipment,
but instead, as a vital anatomical organ affecting in some im-
portant manner every other organ. Thus, the glaring unprotected

light source,
whether it be the
typical light of
the subway train
or some too bril-
liant light in the
home, is the un-
suspected cause
of many an acute
headache, which
w i t h continued
exposure will be-
come chronic.
Indigestion and
nervous despond-
ency have also
been traced to
this cause. The
physiological sig-
nificance of color,
or quality of light
in the h o m e ,
brings us to the
reading page. A
great deal of
humanity's ocular
discomfort has
come from en-
deavoring to de-
cipher small black
characters against
a white page. In
the days of earlier
illuminants the

page was perhaps insufficiently lighted and eyesight was im-
paired through strained perception. Then came the oil lamp
with its soft mellow radiance, which has still many admirers in
the student world. We see the small print on our reading page
by contrast. The contrast is the black type against the white
background, but the area occupied by the blank white paper is
far greater than the area occupied by the black type. In other
words, the blank, white area, which serves to reflect or dif-
fuse light from a lamp into the eye, reflects more than is neces-
sary to perceive the printed matter by contrast.
With earlier forms of electric illuminants the
white page was modified by the amber color of
the light source, and against this soft, mellow
background the contrast of the small black
characters was less abrupt and more readily
perceptible. With the tungsten lamp, the read-
ing page is glaring white, reflecting so much
light into the eye that comfortable perception
is impossible.

Assuredly we desire to enjoy the economic

HOUSE

JANUARY, 1913

advantages of these modern illuminants, but let us temper their
use with respect to our eyesight. With the same quantity of
amber and white light on two reading pages, any person will be
able to read longer, and more comfortably with the amber light.
Since the illuminant manufacturer and "Illuminating Engineer"
will not recognize the obvious physiological requirements of the
reading light, let every person interested in conservation of vision
prescribe his own remedy, for the procedure is simplicity personi-
fied. Granting that the requirements of the individual differ,
then let the individual recognize his requirements.

There is to-day, a material termed "gelatine film" which is
manufactured in sheets, about two feet square. It is a thin,
transparent medium employed in the theater for the projection
of colored lights
and the attain-
ment of realism in
scenic effects. It
i s available in
many colors, in-
cluding amber,
and is practically
fireproof. It may
b e cylindrically
shaped to con-
form with the
various sizes of
modern light
sources, and held
in place by or-
dinary paper
clips, such as are
used in attaching
office correspond-
ence. It may be
obtained at any
electric stage
lighting supply
house, for a few
cents. It will make
light sources
which are an an-
noyance to the

eye, soft and attractive. It may be inserted in cylindrical form
about an illuminant, without removing its shade, or globe, or
glass.

Just one experiment will convincingly demonstrate its ability
to transform harsh, white light into the soft, agreeable radiance
of the oil lamp. Any density of color may be obtained by in-
creasing the number of layers forming the amber cylinder.

While a fluid preparation, known as "lamp coloring" has been
available for staining lamp bulbs, its application has been limited
to exterior sign effects. Moreover, it is impossible to obtain
permanency of color or variation of color density with its use,
and the operation of "dipping" lamps in coloring solutions is
fraught with many uncertainties.

The standard makers of incandescent gas mantles, recognizing
sometime ago that a white light mantle was unsuited
for home lighting, devised what is termed an "amber
light mantle," which is most pleasing and restful to
the eye. Unfortunately, the manufacturers of electric
lights have not considered this matter.

Too much emphasis cannot be laid on this question
* ''^ modmcation - Great physical discomfort has
resulted from the substitution of high intrinsic bril-
liancy of light sources for older types of illuminants
to which their visual functions had become accom-
modated. Overstimulation of the retina decomposes

Good decoration suffers from over-lighting. There must be shadows light and shade. A touch
of light against a tapestry or a sprig of blossoms and the thing is done

the visual purple much more rapidly than it can be restored, and
the result is retinal exhaustion followed by its attendant depres-
sion of other organic functions.

That occasional feeling of drowsiness sometimes noticeable in
the brilliantly overlighted drawing-room, is due to retinal over-
stimulation, and the expenditure of nervous energy wasted in
the continued muscular effort expended in squinting and brow-
puckering to exclude the annoying glare.

Similarly those who immediately after dining peruse an over-
brightly lighted reading page, add to digestive exertions the
burden of an ocular-muscular action inspiring fatigue and
drowsiness.

There are other reasons why a white light is undesirable in

the home, and
these involve psy-
chology. Sub-
consciously and
unconsciously we
experience many
sensations which
are directly due to
psychological pre-
cedent. Unex-
pected contact
with a subtle per-
fume, a certain
quaver in a
musical theme,
and instantly our
mind reverts to
some incident or
personality of long
ago, revivify-
ing the past with
startling realism.
Through the in-
terminable space
of centuries hu-
manity has been
trained through
hereditary p s y -
chological prece-
dent to regard light as a symbol of warmth, comfort, and repose.
For ages the comfort of the open fire has impressed on the sub-
conscious mind the invariable association of that physical comfort
with the coloring of the dancing flames. Recall the pictorial
beauty of the setting sun, transfiguring everything with its kindly
radiance, and know why nature's teaching has endeared to hu-
manity that soft mellow quality of light which imbues the environ-
ment of the home with an atmosphere rich in tone, feeling and
expression.

No woman can appear to advantage beneath the cold, harsh,
white light of modern illuminants which cruelly reveal every
wrinkle and emphasize every facial blemish. Even the bloom of.
youth pales under the brutal glare of the tungsten lamp when
it is unmodified.

Schopenhauer and Herbert Spencer devoted most
exhaustive research to determine the effect of music
on the nerves ; yet the influence of color, particularly
on the overwrought nervous system, is even more
definitely marked. The great student of chromo-
therapy, Van Bliervliet, maintains that those senses
which are most sensitive to color appreciation, directly
stimulate intellectuality, indicating that those in-
dividuals possessing superior intelligence are particu-
larly susceptible to the suggestion of color or music.
(Continued on page 52)

annin

fne

maJJ J_^ot

THE PROBLEM OF FITTING THE HOUSE TO ITS SITE A SUGGESTED SCHEME
IN WHICH THE VARIOUS' POSSIBILITIES ARE ILLUSTRATED AND DEVELOPED

BY CHARLES R. WAIT
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves, H. H. S. and Others

AFTER one has decided to build and has procured his lot, it
is quite noticeable that as a rule little or no pains are taken
to consider exactly how the house should be located, almost the
entire attention being paid to the arrangement of rooms and the
disposition of the various small interior features. This is a con-
dition we find much more prevalent among suburban homes of
moderate cost than in the more extensive estates which naturally
call for a wider and more comprehensive study of all the numer-
ous features to be provided for.

In that our consideration is of the smaller dwellings located
upon an average-sized suburban lot, we should accomplish more
by taking a concrete example and attempting to work out a solu-
tion which in its principles at least may be applied to a vast num-

ber of problems, even though the existing conditions are some-
what dissimilar.

Assuming, then, that we have a comparatively level piece of
property, with a loo-foot frontage, and 200 feet deep, sold with
a restriction that a 25-foot setback shall be maintained by all
buildings constructed along this and all highways running north
and south, it is desired by the owner that a bungalow containing
a living-room, with a dining alcove, a kitchen, three chambers and
a bath be built upon this lot. He is also anxious to build a garage,
with a room for a man-about-the-place, and a small shed for
storing tools. Further than this the owner has no very definite
or tangible ideas, except that these two buildings shall, jointly,
cost him not over five thousand dollars. The matter of the ar-

(29)

| ,0

HOUSE

AND

GARDEN

Here the porch is so designed and placed that its use as a living-room is
fully justified by its seclusion

rangement and beautification of the grounds is left as another
consideration, entirely independent and subordinate to the rest.

Having had our conditions thus vaguely outlined, we have two
distinct problems before us. First of all, we must devise a scheme
of development for his entire property ; one which will not only
offer him the most comfort and enjoyment, and thus allow him to
derive the maximum benefit from the expenditure, but also
promise an assured return should he at any time be anxious to dis-
pose of it. Second, after having devised such a scheme, we now
have before us what is the most difficult problem of all ; that is, im-
pressing upon the owner the value of disposing the various ele-
ments in the manner suggested. We must convince him that the
prime consideration in the arrangement of the three units of which

A house in which the elements of

look and p rivacy are attained for the porch by having it face
the flower garden

the house is composed living, sleeping and service is to give the
living portions the preference of sunlight, privacy, views and the
prevailing summer breezes. Thus, by locating the house as near
the street as conditions will allow and as close to the northerly
limits of the lot as is found practicable, the living-room and porch
will derive the greatest benefit of openness and unobstructed sun-
light and view. This also makes it possible to enjoy a fairly
large sweep of secluded lawn area, ranging from the south to the
west and outlined with mass planting which might be fringed
with choice flowering shrubs and hardy perennials. Further,
being so situated, the living portions of the house are retired and
private, and at the same time derive the benefit of the prevailing
summer breezes. The two principal chambers, having one side
exposed upon the west, receive the full value of the same breezes.
The service being located in the northeast part of the house, is
in most respects an ideal arrangement, in that it is removed from
the more private parts of the establishment. By placing the
drive leading to the garage along the northerly property line, it
not only serves as an entrance-way to the back of the property
but also accommodates the house service. Further, by being so
located it allows the necessary going and coming to take place
without encroaching in any way upon the living portions of the
house.

The garage and tool-shed are placed in the extreme northwest
corner of the lot, and by being so removed from the house the
possibilities of noise and danger from fire are greatly lessened,
while the tool-shed is of easy access to the gardening end of the
property.

Back of the above-mentioned lawn area, and adjacent to the
garage, would be an admirable position for a vegetable garden,
cold frames, and possibly greenhouses. So located they would ob-
tain the greatest benefit of sunlight, and such trucking as might
be found necessary could easily be carried on through the garage
yard.

Having very briefly indeed considered some of the reasons why
the several main elements of the property should be placed as
described, it might be helpful to give some description of the house
itself, and thereby help to a better understanding of why the dis-
position and design of the several
rooms should not be made independent-
ly of the rest of the property.

The living portion is composed of an
ample but not large living-room, a
spacious covered veranda and a flag-
stone paved terrace. The living-room
is in itself devoted to three uses. At
the easterly end the meals could be
served , from which position the morn-
ing sun would be enjoyed during the
entire year. The westerly end is in-
timately associated with the veranda
and ierrace, thus establishing a very
close connection between indoor and
outdoor life. The third use is the re-
tirement suggested by the fireplace al-
cove, which is recessed sufficiently to
throw it outside the body of the room,
thus giving it that quiet seclusion so
essential to its enjoyment.

The sleeping portion is a unit by it-
self, easily accessible, however, from
both the living-room and the kitchen.
By making it accessible from the kitch-
en it is possible to carry on the neces-
sary housework without intruding upon
the privacy of the living-room. The
chambers have been so arranged that

JANUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

one of them may be used as a maid's room, and in that case en-
tered from a passage leading to the kitchen.

The service includes the kitchen, the pantry and possibly the
laundry yard. The kitchen has exposures on two sides, thereby
giving a free circulation of air, a feature extremely desirable
during the summer months. Having its principal exposure on
the east, the early morning light is to be had, while during the
warm part of the day it is shaded, making the housework a much
more comfortable and enjoyable performance. A butler's pantry
is introduced between the dining end of the living-room and the
kitchen. This effectually separates the two and prevents odors
and disturbances from getting to the front or living part of the
house.

In designing the elevations the various interior elements should
be expressed, and their relation to external conditions should be
strongly borne in mind. At the dining end of the living-room the
windows have been made large and the eaves kept high in order
to acquire the full benefit of the early morning sunlight. The
opposite end of the room is well protected from the hot southerly
sun by extending the roof over the porch and dropping the eaves
as low as is practicable. By so doing not only is comfort added
but a very strong sense of seclusion and retirement is gained.

The sleeping portion is expressed as secondary to the main
living-room by its long low roof and its somewhat semi-detached
character.

The relative importance of the service is expressed by con-
tinuing the slope of the roof, thereby dropping the gutter line to
a much lower level than that of the dining end of the living-
room. Its secondary character is further expressed by the use
of small windows raised well above the floor, thus allowing the
sink and set-tubs to be located directly beneath, giving them the
best possible light.

We have tried to show the owner how his problem should be
conceived in its broader sense, locating the various features with
regard to all the larger considerations ; also, how in developing
each separate unit the large governing facts should be kept con-
stantly in mind, no minor portion being determined without first
concluding that it distinctly plays into the general arrangement

and composition of the scheme as a

whole.

Assuming that we have been success-
ful in convincing the owner of the value

of considering these various factors, and

have received his permission to proceed

along these lines in the arrangement of

his property, we have little doubt that he

will derive more pleasure and enjoyment

from his venture than would have been

possible had we permitted him to go his

own way without giving the problem

painstaking study.

There is one consideration that might

bear emphasis at the conclusion of this

discussion. That is the desirability of

obtaining privacy for the porch. It is a

modern tendency todesignthis'f eature for

various uses so that it plays an important

part in the living quarters of the house.

In the plan suggested it may be used as

a dining-room and in warm weather is

occupied most of the time. We should

break away from the senseless convention

that places porches right along the street

line if we wish to obtain such advantages

of outdoor living. No one would wish

to have the public gazing into his living The essential features o

room, why then should he make it pos- plan, are

When the house must be close to a street, have the entrance porch small
and let the true piazza features face on the land

sible to the passerby to look in upon his porch ? The illustration
on the top of this page shows the street appearance of a house that
was planned with an eye to such things. The entrance is small but
dignified, merely an entrance ; the living quarters are at the op-
posite end and out of the way of curious eyes. Even if the kitchen
is placed nearest the street to do this it is worth while, for the
service end may be made quite attractive. The use of lattice as a
framework for growing vines is often to be recommended.

Thus we see that by overcoming our tendency to place the
veranda of the house facing the street we increase the possibili-
ties of arranging the rooms favorably with regard to light and
air. Let the greatest dimension of the ground plan be other than
parallel to the street.

f the paved terrace in conjunction with the covered porch, suggested in the
employed here to good advantage of privacy and outlook

One of the greatest advantages of stucco construction is its flexibility
of adaptation, and if well waterproofed it is highly desirable

Even though comparatively new, a brick house soon attains an appear-
ance of age suggestive of Colonial times

House Walls and Their Making

AN EXPOSITION OF THE DIFFERENT MATERIALS, SHOWING THE ADVANTAGES
AND ^DISADVANTAGES OF EACH - INTERIOR FINISHING OF VARIOUS STYLES

BY ARTHUR BYNE
Photographs by Mary H. Northend, Harry Coutant and Others

it is thicker than a wooden wall, is therefore warmer. If stone
walls are cold outside they are cold inside, no matter how thick,
since there are no air spaces to check the passage of cold or
dampness.

As to how the various materials adapt themselves to design,
care must be taken not to violate architectural precedent. Wood
is hardly the material for an Italian villa; nor should the home-
builder be beguiled into copying the "frame Moorish bungalows

with Colonial porch-
es" sometimes a d -
vertised. To get an
artistic house, style
must determine the
material, generally
speaking; but where
the exigencies of the
locality demand a cer-
tain material, the style
should be chosen to
suit it. To illustrate
this, there is a marked
tendency around
Philadelphia to ad-
here to the precedent
set by Colonial build-
ers, of local stone laid
with wide joints and
finished with white

Although frame houses can scarcely be termed fireproof, much can be done to increase this wooden trim. Local
quality. When well built and cared for they are very durable architects therefore

design the type of

house suitable to stone, for naturally they cater to popular demand.
To take up some practical points in building with these ma-
terials it may be said of stone walls that they are generally
designed too thin. Much of our country house work is reduced
to sixteen inches. A sixteen-inch stone wall plastered on the
inside with no furring is not an adequate protection against the

MASONRY, hollow tile, concrete and frame are the four
kinds of walls for present-day houses, the first mentioned
including brick as well as stone. Their cost is in the order named.
Eliminating concrete, since it is seldom used for the walls of the
entire house, we might further say that wood is but little cheaper
than hollow tile. This is the result of long years of neglected
forestry. Any statement about comparative cost can only ap-
proximate the ever shifting truth ; ever shifting since it depends
on whether the owner
could use the stone on
his property instead
of bringing some
other material from a
distance, or on
whether he has any
means of getting any
material at minimum
price as in the case of
a lumber or brick
merchant, to mention
only a few of the pos-
sible modifications of
relative cost.

It is more easy to
speak of advantages
and disadvantages
than of price, since
these are already
fixed, except for the
constant improve-
ments that manufac-
turers are ever seeking to make in their products. Hollow tile
is undeniably fireproof, so are brick and concrete, stone partly
so, wood not at all. Wood and hollow tile provide the non-
conducting air spaces which brick and stone do not ordinarily
afford and are therefore warmer in winter and cooler in sum-
mer. It is erroneous to think that a solid masonry wall, because

(32)

JANUARY. 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN |

weather and the plaster is very apt to be stained by dampness.
It would be no more expensive if the wall were eighteen inches
thick, and if it were twenty inches its vast superiority would
more than offset its slightly increased cost. Another detriment
of the stone wall is that to-day we lay it up with Portland cement,
whereas our ancestors used lime mortar. The former sets in
forty-eight hours, the latter sometimes took a decade. The result
of the modern quick method is that as the wall is laid up its own
weight often cracks the cement, thus destroying the bond between
stones that is so essential to dry masonry. To obviate this,
architects and builders have resorted to innumerable experiments.
Lime mortar has been added to
the cement to retard the set-
ting ; this undoubtedly does in-
sure a more elastic bond, but
as only a small percentage can
be added, not over seven or
eight per '-cent., it by no mean
corrects the evil. Another ex-
pedient has been found among
the number of transparent
waterproofing mixtures o f -
fered, which not only correct
the cracks but tend towards
rendering the stone impervious.
Such mixtures are applied to
the exterior surface, and in
some instances it is necessary
to heat the wall bit by bit be-
fore applying the mixture an
expensive process. All this
must be remembered in con-
sidering an unfurred stone

wall. If the wall is furred this precaution is not imperative, for
dampness would hardly manifest itself on the inside, and as for
the outside, nature will waterproof it in a score of years by filling
its pores with dirt and dust which become one in substance with
the stone itself. Hence the truth of the ancient argument that a
stone building improves with age.

The approximate cost of a stone house would be from thirty-
five to. forty cents a square foot of exterior surface without in-
side, furring. .There are those who are willing to take the risk of
plastering directly on the stone; that this is seldom successful is

proven by the nu-
merous expedients
resorted to after-
ward to make such
a wall impervious.

Brick is a per-
fectlv reliable mate-

For certain types of rooms brick
pleasing and not too

rial. True, it declined in popularity a few years ago, but that was
due more to the public having grown tired of the monotonous
shapes and colors which manufacturers were then turning out
than to any inherent unsatisfactoriness of the material. But
since the recent introduction of artistic brick-making, with its
varying shapes and beautiful colors and technique, brick is again
coming into its own. Like stone, brick walls are subject to sweat-
ing and dampness and in the better class of work are similarly
furred.

One of the considerations before deciding on a brick house is
whether competent brick masons can be found in the locality. In

many obscure districts the car-
penter is the only intelligent
contractor, and except for the
perfunctory and inartistic lay-
ing of brick for cellar walls
and chimneys he has no idea
of the picturesque possibilities
of the material, and in fact is
often unable to interpret the
plans. This state of affairs
could spoil the best designed
brick house. Unless an owner
is prepared to build in the mod-
ern spirit of brick work he
should hesitate it would be a
pity to repeat the commercial
aspect of the local factories.
Brick in combination with half-
timber or stucco in the upper
stories offers an admirable
chance to lend interest to a
material which, in a small in-
expensive house, is apt to look stiff and unattractive. In a very
large brick dwelling it can be made to look interesting by the
variety of motifs introduced; in a small one, where, of necessity,
these many motifs are absent, one must look to a variety of ma-
terial for the interest. By terminating the brick wall at the bot-
tom of the second-story joists, and from there up building in
frame, this is accomplished. Care must be taken to protect thor-
oughly the top of the brick wall, for any moisture filtering down
from this point would be most disastrous. Generally speaking,
the problems of the brick wall are not unlike those of the stone
wall ; and in neither
case can furring be
regarded as the un-
necessary precaution
of an - ewef-careful '
architect; not only
does it insure dry-

in suitable artistic patterns forms a
expensive wall finishing

The various sorts of plaster or composition board are a reasonable and efficient substitute for plaster. They may be applied directly to the stud-
ding and if battens are used over the joints, successful approximate paneling is realized. They are ready for use and need only painting, but the

directions for cutting should be carefully followed

An interesting use of vitrified hollow tile that is particularly suited to
small houses of the bungalow type

ness and additional warmth, but it supplies the space required
for proper wiring and piping.

No one material has so revolutionized modern construction as
concrete. But the small house has been affected less than larger
structures, except, perhaps, in the matter of foundations. For
heavy sustaining and retaining walls it is cheaper and stronger
than stone. Cheaper because unskilled labor can be used in the
making. For upper walls, and we are confining ourselves now to
residential work, it
has not proved a very
satisfactory material.
By concrete we mean
a house the walls of
which consist of
structural concrete,
and not a frame house
covered with stucco,
as is so often under-
stood. Concrete walls
as a final material are
heavy, and lack in-
terest , particularly
when cast in imitation
of rough-hewn rock.
Of all the shams in
the building trade this
is the most inexcus-
able. The builder in
concrete must take
every precaution to

prevent his wall from becoming water-soaked, for this material
is very absorbent if not properly mixed. This mixing process
and the selection and proportioning of ingredients must be care-
fully attended to in order to produce a waterproof substance.
Some concrete blocks are of course much more imper-
vious than others, depending entirely on the mixture and ingre-
dients. The top of a concrete wall should never be left flat unless
covered with tile or metal either to shed or keep out the moisture.
Due to careless workmanship and speedy construction very often
the desirable fineness of concrete is not achieved, and in general
it is conceded that the use of some waterproofing mixture is
desirable to insure against the percolation of moisture.

Hollow tile is daily becoming more popular. Omitting the sev-
eral reasons for this and concerning ourselves only with its prac-

The house of rough stone, however substantial its exterior may appear, must have very

thick walls to insure warmth

The exterior of the brick house need not be uninteresting. Variety of
design is well shown over this entrance

tical aspect, it may be said that its oft-quoted advantage of pre-
senting a rough surface to which both exterior stucco and interior
plaster finish adhere readily must be discounted by the fact that
for a hollow tile house also, inside furring is highly desirable.
Otherwise the chances of dampness and sweating are too great to
risk, as such an accident could mar the interior decorations.
Whether furred or not, some approved coat of waterproofing
should be applied before the inside plastering is put on. If below

ground the tile should
be waterproofed both
inside and out, and
here vitrified tile only
should be used, being
less porous than the
ordinary sort. Sev-
eral patented inter-
locking hollow blocks,
offering greater re-
sistance to weather
and a firmer bond for
both wall and cement,
are now being manu-
factured, and as these
become more widely
used, the need of in-
terior furring will be-
come less imperative.
Complete waterproof-
ness will overcome
the one great objec-
tion to hollow tile, in every other respect a most desirable material
for a well ventilated fireproof and soundproof wall. However,
in reading hollow tile literature, which frequently dwells in-
sistently on the advantages of its air spaces, it must be remem-
bered that in every residence the window and door area
(comprising a large proportion of the total) offers more or less
inevitable leakage and draughts which do much to discount the
advantages quoted. In hollow tile walls the treatment around
door and window openings is most important. It has been cus-
tomary to use ordinary sized perforated brick in conjunction with
the hollow tile around the frame to insure a tight job. There
are now being made special window- and door-frame hollow tile
blocks, so rabbeted as to receive the frame and hold it firmly in
(Continued on page 55)

Ferns That Can Be Grown Successfully Indoors

SOME VARIETIES THAT ARE WELL ADAPTED FOR USE AS HOUSE PLANTS-
THEIR REQUIREMENTS AND CULTURAL DIRECTIONS-SIX OF THE BEST FORMS

BY F. F. ROCKWELL

Photographs by Chas. Jones and N. R. Graves

WHILE the majority of cultivated
ferns are not adapted to house cul-
ture with its many hardships, they are so
beautiful that the few which are suitable
for that purpose are among the most pop-
ular of all plants used for decoration in-
doors. In some respects they are more de-
sirable than any other plants for adding to
the living-rooms that touch of cheeriness
which only a green and living thing can
give. In the first place they are beautiful
from one end of the year to the other no
ups and downs, flowering and barren
periods such as many of the house plants
have. They keep within bounds, so that
even a fine large specimen does not demand
too much room; they last with care for
years, becoming increasingly beautiful and
valuable, instead of growing lanky or lop-
sided, or "going by" as so many of the
other plants do after the vigor of their
youth is spent. Ferns are not easily dam-
aged or broken ; moreover, and what is one
of the greatest points in their favor as
house plants, they do not require an abun-
dance of sunlight.

It is rather difficult to say in just what

points the great beauty of a well-grown fern lies. It attains, of
course, the acme of gracefulness of form ; in both the fronds
themselves and in the shape and arrangement of the individual
leaflets, Nature has not produced anything more artistic. The
shades of color, too, are most pleasing. And there is a sugges-
tion of freshness and springtime about ferns. But even these
things fail to explain altogether why it is that while most people
have their preference as far as other flowers are concerned ,every-
one admires a well-grown fern.

Ferns may be used in a variety of ways. The large single

plant with its grace-
f u 1 recurved o r
drooping fronds
on a small

Certain ferns are pleasing table decora-
tions when suitable receptacles are used

stand is perhaps the most common sight.
But they have their place along with the
plants in the windows, as decorations for the
center or dining-tables, and even as grace-
ful climbers the so-called asparagus ferns
being suitable for this purpose.

The types of ferns that can be handled
successfully in the house are several ; and
yet we seldom see more than one or two
in the possession of the same person. This
is largely due to the fact, I imagine, that
generally they are not offered for sale by
the retail florist until they have attained a
pretty good size, and command a pretty
good price fifty cents to a dollar and a
half so that one does not feel like indulg-
ing in a very large assortment. It is possi-
ble, however, to get them in the smaller
sizes, and with proper conditions for keep-
ing them without which it is folly to at-
tempt to have them at all they can be easily
grown on to larger size, with no further
expense than an occasional flower pot of a
larger size.

The most widely known type of fern is
without doubt that represented by the Bos-
ton fern and its many relations. The Bos-
ton fern, introduced not so many years ago, is a form of the
old sword fern (Nephrolepis exaltata), with longer and more
graceful fronds ; but while its hardiness and general beauty won
it at once a place of universal popularity, newer forms, in the last
few years, have largely replaced it. One of the hardiest of these
is the dwarf Boston or Scott fern (N. Scottii), which resembles
the Boston closely except that it is smaller, both in size and in
the fronds, and of a more compact and bushy growth. This fern
is also distinctive for the beautiful light green color of its fronds.
Still smaller than Scottii, and for that reason more valuable as a
fern for center-
pieces, pans or use
with other plants, is
the new Miniature

Nephrolepis Whitmani is a very desirable
ostrich plume type

The adiantums, or maidenhair ferns, are to be
had in great variety

Among the attractive drooping sorts is Adian-
lum Farleyense

(35)

HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

Cristata, one of the many varietal forms ' of
Pteris, is suitable for made-up dishes

The Boston ferns are forms of the old sword
type. This is N. cardala

P. Crelica albo-lineata has a whitish central
band extremely decorative

Scott fern (N. Giatrasii). A new
type of the Boston, which retains its
beautiful drooping habit, and having
the additional charm of undulated
pinnae, giving a general wavy effect,
is found in President Roosevelt.

Even more beautiful than these
ferns are the crested sorts of the
sword fern. Elegantissitna was one
of the first of these, and proved very
popular; but one great objection was
that it showed a tendency to revert to
the Boston type, and although this
habit has been largely overcome in
the improved form, still Whitman's is
now generally considered the most de-
sirable of the Ostrich Plume ferns for
use in the house, where long, graceful
fronds are desired. It is truly a most
beautiful fern, while the sword-like
appearance -of. the fronds is retained,
and they rise from a densely crested
mass of shorter growths, making the effect of the whole both
novel and charming. Scholzeli, the plumed Scott fern, stands in
the same relation to the
Whitmani as the Scott
does to the Boston
shorter fronds, more
dense and compact
growth ; it is the ideal
plumed small fern. The
most delicate of all the
Nephrolepis class is the
Lace fern (N. Amer-
pholii). It is very dis-
tinct from the other
sorts, and well worth a
place in every collection.
There are two other
markedly different vari-
eties. One of these is-
the Piersonii, an exffa
fine sort, which may be
placed as halfway be-
tween the Boston and

the plumed type. Some idea of the merit of this fern may be
gained from the fact that it was awarded a gold medal by the
Society of American Florists. The other is the Fluffy Ruffles
fern (TV. superbissima) . This is so odd and distinct as to be
really in a class by itself, the fronds being very irregular and

Various styles of copper receptacles look well with
Boston ferns

The maidenhair family of ferns offers great diversity of form. At the left is one of
the coarser varieties, while at the right is a common lace-like variety

dense in growth, and the color an
extra deep green. Neither of these,
however, will stand as unfavorable
conditions as most of the others men-
tioned.

One of the beautiful but delicate
adiantums, perhaps the one most fre-
quently seen, is the A. Farley ense.
But outside of the greenhouse or flor-
ist's it is .not to be relied on. None of
the maidenhairs, in fact, is as suited
to house culture as the Nephrolepis
type. There are, however, two splen-
did varieties that with reasonable care
will do well and repay amply the at-
tention given them. They are Croiv-
eanum, with fronds much firmer
than those of its type, and the hardiest
for growing in the house ; and a splen-
did . new. sort , called the Glory fern
(Glory of Mordrecht), which is al-
most identical with Farleyense in ap-
pearance, but much more easily grown. As yet this variety is
rather high in price, four-inch pots costing one dollar each, but

it will undoubtedly be-
come cheaper and prove
very popular.

The name given the
Pteris ferns is descrip-
tive of .only part of them,
as they vary greatly.
They are commonly used
in made-up dishes or
with other plants, but
many of them make fine
single plants as well.
Wilsonii is a popular
sort, making a compact
plant of clear light green
foliage, uniquely tufted.
Cretica is dark green, or
green with white lines,
according to the variety.
Victoria is the best of
the variegated sorts. A

very rare sort is Childsii, with fronds of large size, and the leaf-
lets deeply cut and also undulated.

A pan of spider ferns, with a small palm, such as Cocos Wed-
delliana, or a small growing fern such as Giatrasii in the center,
(Continued on page 57)

What You Should Know About Plumbing

THE ESSENTIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR SANITARY EQUIPMENT-VENTS DRAINS
AND TRAPS-WHERE TO LOOK FOR TROUBLE AND HOW TO TEST NEW PLUMBING-
THE ADVANTAGE OF DECIDING ON FIXTURES BEFORE THE HOUSE IS COMPLETED

BY MARK D E A N
Photographs by Mary H. Northend and Ph. B. Wallace

SO gradually has plumbing become a
permanently large part of our econo-
mics, that few people realize the important
part it plays in our civilization.

If the plumbing system were removed
from any large city, its absence would quick-
ly cause an intolerable pestilence ; and as the
plumbing of any house forms a complete
unit, the collection of which units forms the
city system, it would seem unnecessary to
caution builders further as to the importance
of giving this subject careful attention.

A household plumbing system consists of
one or more stationary fixtures, such as a
basin, bath-tub, toilet, sink, laundry tub, etc.,
to which water is automatically supplied and
from which waste is automatically removed
upon the opening of a bib, the pulling of a
plug, or some such simple operation.

The piping may be divided into three
classes ; i. e. supply, waste and vent pipes. The
supply pipes are quite small, seldom exceed-
ing one inch in diameter ; and are therefore
easily installed, and may conveniently be
placed between floors and partitions. If
properly installed, which includes the neces-
sary protection against freezing, the supply
pipes seldom give trouble. The waste pip-
ing is much larger then the supply piping,
the main waste pipe of an ordinary house
being four inches internal
diameter; and when there
is a water closet connected

with it, it should never be
smaller than four-inch
pipe. The vent piping is
also large and is con-
nected directly to the
waste piping, one of the
main vents being a full
size continuation of the
main waste pipe. The
waste piping, unlike the
supply piping, can have no
valves or other fixtures
which would stop the flow
of waste. And yet, be-
cause of the filth which
gathers on its inner walls,
there must be some sort of
seal which will prevent
gases from this piping
escaping into the rooms of
the house. To this end, a
water filled bend in the
pipe, called a trap is
placed close to each fix-

.4 ventilated system with an opening at the
roof, connecting with the bathroom fixtures
and joined by a vent which is an extension
of the main waste pipe. This arrangement
of the traps and fresh air inlet insures
proper air circulation

A modern bathroom showing how the visible piping is restricted to but a few
lengths of pipe, and this made attractive with nickel fittings and beautiful finish

ture. A form of such trap is seen in nickel
beneath the basin in the center illustration on
page 38. This permits a free passage of waste
and at the same time keeps all air in the pip-
ing from escaping into the room by retain-
ing water in the trap as shown in sectional
view on page 50. This trap should have a
vent at its crown as indicated by the dotted
lines, otherwise it is apt to syphon the water
out, which is equivalent to an open invitation
to microbes.

The writer's first lesson in syphonage was
given many years ago by his father who took
a crooked green onion stem, cut off both ends,
filled it with water, and with a finger over
each end, placed it over the side of a tub full
of water as shown on page 51. When his
fingers were removed, the water flowed from
the tub through the onion stem until with his
knife, he made a small puncture in the stem (at
the point marked "A" in the diagram). The
tendency of the water in each leg was to flow
down ; but for each to have flowed down would
have created a vacuum within the onion stem,
and the weight of the water was not sufficient
to do this. This pressure was exerted by the
greater weight of water in the outer leg of
the stem and by as much of the water of the
inner leg as was above the water level of the
tub. Consequently the inner leg was over-
balanced, and the water
flowed from the tub. But
mgBMMBU when a puncture was
made in the stem, the
tendency of the pressures
was no longer to create a
vacuum but to draw in
air, and so the stem was
emptied and the syphon-
age ceased.

With these facts in
mind it will be easier to
consider the two main
classes of plumbing sys-
tems and their advantages.
These are the non-ven-
tilated and ventilated sys-
tems. The former is not
universally regarded as
desirable. It consists
merely of a main waste
pipe that branches from
the fixtures through traps
placed close to the fix-
tures. It is dangerous ;
first, because the air being
confined and having no
opportunity to circulate in

(37)

HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

the piping becomes poisonously foul, and further as there are no
air inlets to break the suction caused by the flowing water, the
water is often syphoned out of the traps, thus giving an escape c
poisonous air into the living-rooms.

The ventilated system is a development of this same systei
with the exception that the main drain pipe is extended through
the roof and from the crown of each trap (such as already ex-
plained) there is a vent pipe which connects with one mam com-
mon vent at least two feet above the highest fixture. Sometimes
it is more convenient to carry these pipes separately through the
roof. Such a system permits air to flow through the piping car-
rying the foul air out into the purifying sunlight.

Such a system as outlined is generally accepted with various
modifications. Sometimes it is spoken of as the revent system,
in which case the ventilating pipes are distinct from the drainage
pipe, and in the ground outside the house where the soil pipe
joins the tile pipe there is an additional trap with a fresh air in-
let. This running trap outside the house prevents all gas from
the sewer to work through at that point and permits a flow of
fresh air instead of foul throughout the system; obviously an
advantage. The extra vent pipe carry-
ing air from the roof to the traps insures
an even air pressure and makes it impos-
sible for the water seal in the trap to be
broken and prevents the escape of gases.
Note the diagram on page 37. Other
developments of this system have special
fittings or pipe curves for which ad-
vantage is claimed. One in particular
makes especial point of a design so ar-
ranged that the working of one fixture
will not interfere with the drainage from
another. Besides this, various arrange-
ments are made to relieve the pipes auto-
matically of the accumulation of rust.
With these points in mind the main re-
quirements of a sanitary plumbing sys-
tem will be apparent.

The working of the trap, so essential
to a ventilated system is made clear in
the diagram. This shows that vent pip-
ing not only preserves the water seal in

Such unsightly pipe arrangements as those
connecting this basin are the result of
improper planning

A good type of basin
full of water which
ing into the room

each trap, but also
maintains a circula-
tion of fresh air
throughout the sys-
tem by drawing air
in through the fresh
ai-r inlet on the house
side of the house
trap, passing it
through all the pip-
ing and finally out
through the top of
the vent pipe above
the roof.

The house trap
may be located just
inside the cellar wall
in which event the
fresh air inlet is ex-
tended out through

the cellar wall above
the ground level.

A little care, at the
time of installation,
to provide for un-
equal settling be-
tween house and
surrounding earth
will often prevent
breaking the main
soil pipe together
with its attendant
troubles and e x -
pense. If the pipe is
cemented solid
where it comes
through the wall a
space of an inch or
two all around it
should be provided

It is difficult to clean the dirt and dust
accumulating beneath this shower receptor.
It should be flush with the floor

for a distance of six or eight feet from
the house, or if it is packed solid in the
earth then there should be a space be-
tween the pipe and the surrounding wall.
With respect to all systems, I might
say that, excepting brass, copper and
other metals too expensive for considera-
tion, cast iron is the best metal to use
for large and lead 'for small waste and
vent piping, because of their non-cor-
rosive qualities. The joint in cast iron
waste and vent pipe has always been its
vulnerable point, but now that universal
pipe does away with this objection by
making a perfect joint, iron to iron, with-
out the use of packing of any kind, it
provides a continuously perfect line of
piping, adaptable to all waste, vent and
revent systems of plumbing piping.

Another precaution against trouble is
a test of one's system. After the rough-
ing in has been completed the fixture

openings should all be temporarily stopped and the entire system
subjected to at least ten pounds water pressure with the test
gauge at the highest point in the system, and each joint care-
fully examined while under this pressure, especially the hidden
sides of those in corners and out-of-the-way places.

The items which may, and sometimes do, change a perfectly
sanitary installation into a dangerous one, are : the pipe, joints,
traps and settling of the building. As already stated, cast iron
is the best available material for the pipe. The caulked lead
joint is in general use, and therefore demands attention. Of all
joints it is most subject to imperfections, because its perfection
depends upon the integrity of the individual workman as well as
the materials involved. The entire face of each leaded joint
must be thoroughly caulked to make it tight. The unscrupulous
or indifferent workman will sometimes leave the most unobserva-
ble part of the joint poorly caulked or even untouched. Owing
..to the unequal expansion of lead and iron, and to the fact that
lead after expanding is not elastic enough to resume its original
shape, the leaded joint will often become leaky after a change of
seasons although tight when installed.

trap. The bend remains
prevents gas from return-

JANUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

All traps are liable to stoppage, and should be provided with
cleanout plugs. Immediately beyond the trap, the size of the
piping should increase, so that whatever passes the trap will have
little chance to clog the pipe. If the traps are concealed, some
convenient method of access to the cleanout should be provided.
Besides this the horizontal part of each line of waste pipes should
be provided with a brass clean out plug at the foot of each riser.

The concealed water supply piping may be of lead, galvanized
iron or brass. Lead is used very extensively ; for ordinary houses,
brass is considered too expensive for this part of the work ; and
galvanized iron fills all requirements, and is gradually becoming
more popular. All supply piping, and traps in waste piping,
should when possible, be kept in inside partitions ; and whenever
placed in outside walls, they should be thoroughly protected from
frost. All concealed hot water piping should be covered to pre-
serve the heat. Practically all the work we have mentioned is
hidden from sight after the building is completed, but like the
unseen wheels of a watch, upon it depend the real efficiency,
durability and perfect sanitation of the whole system.

We now xrome to the fixtures, which are largely a matter of
price, and in this department you may expend as much as you
like. It is a genuine pleasure to note the great number of im-
provements in all kinds of fixtures ; improvements which save
labor, beautify the home and count for health. Hiding the pipe,
traps and fixtures supports, by boxing them in, has been dis-
continued, because the exposed work, permitting sunlight and
air to circulate freely about, is much more sanitary. Moreover,
the quantity of exposed piping and traps has been reduced to a
minimum and beautified to such an extent that instead of being
eye-sores, they have become orna-
ments.

Practically all modern plumbing fix-
tures are sanitary, the difference in
fixtures being in durability, artistic de-
sign, and labor saving arrangements.
But under these classifications there is
a vast difference. Vitrified clay and
enameled cast iron make the best lava-
tories, tubs, sinks, etc., and for vari-
ous fixtures or parts of fixtures, onyx,
marble, slate, soapstone and plain or
galvanized cast iron or steel are used.

There is also a great difference in the fixtures made from any
one of these materials. The great advantage of vitrified and
enameled ware is that it is non-porous and therefore non-absorb-
ing, which prevents it from becoming foul.

Many people make the customary error of waiting until the
building is well advanced before deciding what fixtures are to
be used, only to learn when it is too late that some specially de-

A cellar or garage drain should connect with a grease trap.
The bell trap keeps the pipe clear automatically. If possible,
the kitchen waste should be connected with the grease trap

The most approved kitchen sinks have the body, back and drain shelf all
in one piece. This is a desirable fixture, very simple in its drainage
and faucel equipment

Hot water boilers should be supplied with circulation pipes, which
makes it possible to draw hot water at any time. Hot water pipes
should be carefully insulated

sirable fixture cannot be used for lack
of room, or that a heavy porcelain tub
cannot be used because the floor tim-
bers are insufficient. If the matter had
been taken up at the proper time a
little more space between window and
partition or a slight variation in the
dimensions of the room or timbers
might have been made without ad-
ditional expense. Moreover the loca-
tion of supply, waste and vent piping
cannot easily be changed after it has
beeti roughed in and since different

fixtures require different locations for these openings, the fixtures
should always be selected before the work has been started.

The combination of the elevated flush tank and the porcelain
water closet bowl sealed the doom of 'closed work' and gave to
the world the then most sanitary appliance of its kind. Although
still extensively used the elevated tank has two close competitors
for popularity, the "low-down tank" and the "flushometer," the
low-down tank being more frequently seen.

Present methods of flushing are good, but nevertheless sources
of trouble. Unintelligent installation and delicate parts cause the
flushometer to get out of order. One of its greatest causes for
working unsatisfactorily is an insufficient water supply. It
should be supplied by a large pipe. The flush valve in both high
and low-down tank will, after some usage, easily get out of order
which .in turn causes the ball cock supply valves of these tanks
to become leaky and then both must be repaired. Continuous ef-
fort to overcome these difficulties has been rewarded by an in-
vention which instead of the ordinary flush valve has a solid one-
piece syphon and a small injector which lifts the water over the
syphon so rapidly that it is possible to fill a flush pipe of any
desired size, thereby insuring a perfect wash in the closet. This
does away with the valve and the possibility of any leakage
through the syphon.

(Continued on page 49.)

HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

The claim that a perfectly symmetrical house is cold and stiff is not substantiated by fact, since the placing of the house in its site has much to
do with its impression of attractiveness. Seen from the driveway this residence appears inviting

m 1 1 1 1

The plans show an unusual hall arrangement. The
main hall serves as a living-room

A HOUSE AT
MT. KISCO,
NEW YORK

Biglow & Wadsworth
architects

-SECOND FLOOB

One advantage of a symmetrical plan is shown in the
walls not being broken by juts or angles

A circular turnaround inclosed with a wall is at the east front of the house. At the left the wall forms a basis for a pergola. At the extreme
right is seen a lattice arrangement screening the kitchen entrance. Certain courses of the shingles are emphasized, giving attractive lines

JANUARY. 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

From the extreme end of the lower garden one looks toward the loggia and the upper garden
with its pergola-covered walk. This view shows the disposition of the most important
rooms to take advantage of the attractive view to the west

On the west front a paved terrace covered with a
pergola and awnings serves as an outdoor addi-
tion to the main living-room

The main hall or living-room is paneled with white woodwork and
opens with wide French doors on a terrace

The library shows simple but attractive furnishings in which chintzes
and warm-toned rugs lend color and play an important part

The loggia with its tiled floor and marble finish makes a very desirable
room for warm weather. Lattice as a wall covering is well shown

Successful planning is evidenced in the smallest details. This summer
house is in good keeping with the complete scheme for the place

nside the House

Timely Suggestions and
Answers to Correspondents

Tk,

An After-Dinner Coffee Stand

A RATHER attractive arrangement for
the serving of after-dinner coffee in
the drawing-room is a combination of trays
forming a little table or stand that serves
to hold all of the necessary articles and
may be easily moved about. Like so many
other things in this day of apartments and
small quarters generally, it is designed
with a view to compactness and the occu-
pying of the least possible amount of
space. The two little shelves are about
twenty inches long and only about eight
inches wide, curving slightly in the front.
so that they are rather wider at the center
than at the ends.

The stand is of highly polished wood.
and the substantial curved handles at
either end, a continuation of the supports,
are of brass. The coffee service, of pret-
tily decorated French china, is sufficient
for six persons, and all of the pieces with
the exception of the saucers, which are in
a rack, are so shaped so that they rest
securely in the stationary rings placed for
them, making it impossible for them to
slide off when the stand is moved about.

Similar stands may be had with the cups
and saucers on the lower shelf ; but in
place of the coffee pot and other pieces
on the upper shelf there is a smoking and
liquor set which includes the decanter,
glasses, ash receivers and a spirit lamp.

it lends itself to the further insertion of
small delicate flowers for any special or
hasty occasion.

Another decorative novelty is the use
of a long, slender sweet potato placed
half way in a tall, thin olive bottle, or
any bottle open-mouthed enough to hold
the potato without pressure. This is really
an artistic method of beautifying a dining-
room, for within a week or two, roots will

Three Suggestions for Interior
Plant Decoration

TAKE the larger half of a cocoanut
shell, pierce three holes around the
edge for the entrance of small chains or
wires, and use as a hanging basket ; or,
if preferred, rebend to the required shape
a plate or plaque standard, as a table sup-
port for the cocoanut shell. Then saturate
a sponge which, when expanded with
water, will entirely fill the shell. In the
interstices of the sponge place rice, filling
the sponge rather thickly with the seed.
And in a very short time the most interest-
ing green, tufted growth will entirely
cover the moistened sponge and later will
fall over the shell. This device makes a
most novel table decoration, especially as

An after-dinner coffee stand that is adequate
but occupies little space

begin to fill the lower part of the bottle,
while a long, decorative vine will grow
from the upper end of the potato. And
although this vine is not under close ex-
amination particularly fine, nevertheless
the effect is decidedly acceptable. For if
the bottle is fastened at the top of a win-
dow, the vine will soon fall over the cur-
tains, and later, sweep to the floor.

A third suggestion is in utilizing the
seeds of grape fruit, which can be done
after the fruit has been prepared for eat-
ing. Then, selecting the choicest of the
seeds, soak in water for fifteen or twenty
minutes and plant in the rich soil of a '
fern dish. Plant at least two dozen seeds)
Then keep the dish in the sun and nurturd
as any plant. In a few weeks the dish will
l)e green with many little shoots, all of
a uniform size, about an inch apart, whicrj
later, without transplanting or thinning
out will grow to any height required.
But as soon as the plants are a couple of
inches high the dish can be placed in its
standard and used as a table decoration.
The growth is not only distinctively
tropical and mystifying to one's friends,
hut the plants emit a faint sweet odor.
So if the seeds are planted in the early
fall, one can have the advantage of an
ornamentation through the early winter
months. Or if planted in mid-winter it
is not too late for the seeds to be up in
time for a choice Easter gift. And if re-
served for later use, such as a table decora-
tion after the ferns of the house have
been removed to the veranda, the plants
will keep green and healthy through the
summer.

Try some of these schemes this winter.
They are all simple and easily accom-
plished, and their effects are really sur-
prisingly effective under the circum-
stances.

A Rain Shield for the Window

A MORE or less vexing problem for
every householder is that of keep-
ing the rain out of the windows and at
the same time providing for a proper
amount of ventilation. Particularly is
this in evidence in a sleeping room where
good ventilation is an absolute necessity,
and where there may be windows facing
in but one direction, so that it is a choice
between no air and a drenched window sill
and floor.

One of the simplest ways of overcom-
ing this difficulty is by the use of a wide
board placed in such a position in the
window that the rain is. directed away
from the opening and not allowed to beat
in. The board should be about two and

(42)

JANUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN |'

one-half feet wideband long enough to. fit
in the window frame,, leaving as little
space as possible on either side. While a
single board of the required shape and
size is preferable, the window shield can
be made of narrow pieces put together
with cross strips underneath.

The shield is attached to the window
frame ,by means of hooks and screw eyes,
the hooks, which should be substantial and
quite large enough to slip on easily, be-
ing screwed into the window frame out-
side the sash. A screw eye is put
into each side of the board as near
the extreme outer edge as is prac-
tical, and only about an inch from
the exact center, so that when it is
hooked into place it hangs in the
window at a slanting angle, the
lower edge of the board being out-
side the window and the upper
edge extending well into the room.

Two sets of hooks, one at about
six inches, the other twelve or fif-
teen from the lower edge of the
sill should be put in, as this ad-
mits of two different heights for
the window opening. When the
board is in position the window is
pulled down until the lower edge
of the sash touches it, and as the
board extends downward and
reaches well beyond the outside
sill, it is impossible for the rain to
beat into the opening, while the air is
freely admitted. Another scheme for pre-
venting the rain from beating under the
sash of a closed window is one that is be-
ing used in a number of new houses. This
consists of a weather strip of tin about
an inch high, that is placed
along the outside sill, and fits
close to the sash of the win-
dow, forming a regular
groove into which it is
lowered. When the window
is closed this weather strip
protects the crack thorough-
ly and keeps the rain or
snow from beating in, as
well as making it perfectly
airtight.

Christmas Decorations

UOLLY, while it is the
A Christmas decoration,
is most difficult to arrange
gracefully on a table because
of the stiffness of its leaves,
and the ease with which they
fall off its branches. There-
fore it is more used in the
general house decoration.
Especially pretty branches
may be hung along the stair
balustrade if wreaths are not
used for that purpose. It is also much
used in window decoration and for the
fireplace if you are so fortunate as to
possess one. Do not lament because you
cannot afford roses, for few roses com-
bine prettily with the Christmas greens.
The scarlet carnation is better, but the

red poinsettia is best of all. Gather 'plenty
of ground pine, laurel, hemlock, smilax,
ferns, if you can get them, of all varieties,
cedar and pine for their fragrance and
don't forget the pigeon berry. This berry
has taken the place of the holly to a great
extent. It grows on a stem without any
leaves, and these combined with fern or
laurel make as pretty decoration as any-
thing that could be suggested. Fill the
cases full of fern or little hemlock branches
with the branches of the pigeon berry

move it) and place the basket on the table
upside down. This is covered with moss
and holly, spruce and pigeon berries placed
plentifully over its surface. If you can-
not get smilax, use the ground pine to
run from this centerpiece to the various
places and corners of the table.

This compartment radiator in the butler's pantry is large enough
to be thoroughly useful for its double heating purpose

standing up in the middle. If holly is
not plentiful, or is not to be had at all,
get hemlock with a quantity of small
cones on it. This makes a delightful dec-
oration. It may be brightened by inter-
spersing with bits of holly or pigeon ber-

A large mirror set in the bathroom wall and flanked by small windows is
really serviceable. Below the windows are closets for various toilet articles

ry. Branches of pine with the cones on
not only furnish decoration but also give
to the home that delicious odor without
which no Christmas is Christmas. The
cones may be gilded. A pretty centerpiece
for the table may be made by taking a
small round basket (if it has a handle re-

Convenient Bathroom Fittings

TO take the place of the small cabinet
fitted with shelves and a mirror in
the door, that occupies a prom-
inent position in most bathrooms,
one entire end of a bathroom in
a California bungalow has been
filled in with small cupboards and
drawers and a mirror. This sup-
plies all of the features of the
wall cabinet on an extensive scale,
furnishes space for towels and
other accessories, and makes as
complete and attractive a bath-
room as one would come across
in a long day's journey.

Instead of the small mirror over
the washstand, in which, if one is
just the right height, it is possible
to see one's whole face at the same
time, there is a full-length mir-
ror set in the wall and flanked on
either side by little square win-
dows. They are quite large enough
to admit all of the light necessary
and are so high that the important question
of whether the curtains are drawn or not
does not have to be on one's mind con-
tinually. Below the windows are small
closets, their tops forming shelves that
are just the right height for holding the
mirror and other shaving
paraphernalia. The upper
parts of the closets are ar-
ranged to hold bottles, tooth
brushes and other toilet ar-
ticles, and are so spacious
that everything necessary
for toilet use can be kept in
them, thus doing away with
dust collecting shelves on the
bathroom wall, not to men-
tion the various articles that
are apt to accumulate on the
washstand.

In the lower part of one
side are three drawers for
towels, while in the other is
a single compartment deep
enough to accommodate the
larger and more bulky bath
towels. Between the closets
and in front of the mirror is
a box-like compartment with
a hinged top where all the
necessary articles for clean-
ing and shining shoes are
kept. Electric brackets at
either side of the mirror give all the ad-
vantages of a dressing table as far as
lighting is concerned, so that there is no
one-sided illumination as when the bath-
room has but a single light. Complete and
ingenious as this arrangement is. it occu-
(Continued on page 63.)

Garden
Suggestions

and

Querie

Conducted by
F. F. ROCKWELL

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H

The Editor will be glad to answer subscribers' queries pertaining to individual problems connected with the
gardens and grounds. When a direct personal reply is desired please enclose a self-addressed stamped envelope

January

F course you are going to have a
garden this year. That point has
been passed where there is much choice
in the matter the cost of living has in-
creased sixty-two per cent, during the last
decade. What are you doing to make
up the difference? If you are so fortunate
as to possess a bit of fairly good ground,
you can do a good deal to solve your
personal problem, whether you are the
money-earner or the money-spender for
your household. But it can't be done in
a haphazard, careless way ; you should
give it the same thought and attention that
you would any other "side line" which
you could see would increase your in-
come to a very worthwhile extent. New
methods and systems in gardening have
made possible a greatly increased produc-
tion from the small plot of ground, and
even if you are not a garden crank, you
should look into them from the point of
view of economy. So let one of your
resolutions for the coming year be the
making of a 100 per cent garden one
that is capable of putting on your table all
that the garden space can produce.

Planning for This Year's Garden

REMEMBER that simply making up
your mind that you are going to
do things that will make the neighbors sit
up and take notice, will get you nowhere ;
that if you are going to score 100 points
you must start now long before a fork
or plow can be put into the soil and let
no opportunity pass to make certain of
the final results. For a starter, suppose
you send for three or four good seed
catalogues not that it would necessarily
be advisable to split your order up into
that many parts, but to be able to compare
notes on varieties. Secondly, determine
just as accurately as possible the size of
your garden-to-be, and the supply of the
various vegetables your family is likely to
want. You should have kept a record of
last year's operations, but even if you
didn't, you probably remember if there
were more beans than you possibly could
use, early cabbage that had to be fed to
the chickens, and a shortage of early beets

or cauliflowers, and will thus have some
basis for the year's planning. It is not
a bit too soon now to see about engaging a
few loads of manure to be delivered in
March, and to begin sawing up boxes to
make into flats, and overhaul your cold-
frame or hotbed sashes, in preparation for
starting your early flower and vegetable
plants. Don't be in too much of a rush
to order your seeds ; you should know
where every packet and ounce is going,

An interesting example of how ivy may be
led from one pot to another

have it down in black and white on your
plan, before you buy. But it will require
several hours' careful study for you to
determine just what varieties you want,
and it is a good plan to have that definitely
settled before you determine the amount
of each, that there may be no shortage
and no waste.

The vegetable garden, however essential
it is both for pleasure and for profit,
should not receive all your attention in
planning for the new year. What_are
you going to do for the grounds? With
ten minutes' thought you can probably
put down a dozen things you'd like to
do, and in fact have been intending to do
for several years. But many things, in-
cluding perhaps that sixty-two per cent,
increase in the cost of living, have pre-
vented you. Perhaps part of the trouble
was also that you never settled on any one
definite thing. This year, this day, decide
definitely on some one thing you will
plant, or feature you will carry out during
the coming year if it is only the planting
of some new rambler rose, such as Tau-
sendschon (Thousand Beauties) which
you have admired the past summer; or
the setting out of a lot of sunflowers to
screen the fence at the back of the yard.
The great secret of getting these things
done is only to decide definitely what you
will do. Get it down on paper but don't
stop there ; get your order in for spring
delivery of whatever it may be you want,
and then the chances are you will get it
done.

Small Greenhouse Work

JANUARY is one of the most im-
portant months for work under glass.
If they have not already been planted,
start cucumbers and tomatoes now for
early fruiting' indoors ; a few plants of
each will supply the home table with these
delicious vegetables. Davis Perfect and
Vickery's Forcing are both excellent cu-
cumbers, and for tomatoes you cannot do
better than Comet, ,for both quality and
quantity. If you are running the house
at a low temperature, say 45 at night, for
lettuce and radishes, construct a small
frame on one of the benches over some of
the heating pipes. It need not be ex-
pensive ; a good one was made out of some
old windows, and the bench boards were
spread half an inch or so apart and
covered with moss, in which the pots were
placed, so that the heat could come up
through, and moisture might be retained
at the same time. The tomatoes should be

(44)

JANUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN

Tomatoes for early fruiting indoors may be
started under glass in January

started in the usual way, transplanted
twice and then potted off into small pots,
shifting to 3" and then to 4", if possible
before placing in the benches or boxes
(made about 16 x 20 x 8) in which they
are to fruit. The cucumbers may be put
into 4" pots, using five or six seeds and
a very light rich soil, thinning to two
plants after they are well started.

Lettuce, beets and cauliflower for set-
ting out in frames should also be started
now, and brought to as sturdy a size as
possible before their shift from heat. The
other seeds for vegetable plants to go out
into the open, it is a bit early for, but I
always like to start a few even as early as
January, to be sure they are all right, and
to have a few extra big early plants. Any
potted plants from .which you expect to
propagate should be started into active
growth now, by giving more water and
heat and, 'if required, re-potting. The
resultant new growth, when it has ma-
tured sufficiently to "snap" on being bent,
makes ideal material for cuttings, and will
root readily in medium coarse sand, kept
moist and supplied with bottom heat by
placing the cutting box on some of the
return heating pipes. .They may be kept
in the shade for a few days but after that
should receive plenty .of light.

Many of the perennial flowers bloom
first season from seed if started early, and
they should be put in about this time. Use
very finely sifted light soil, water thor-
oughly the day before sowing the seed,
just barely cover it from sight if it is fine,
as most of these flower seeds are, and
transplant as soon as they are large
enough to handle; nothing is gained by
waiting, and they are much more likely
to be injured by "damping off."

Vines for Window Decoration

VINES growing gracefully, about a
window inside of the house create
a decorative effect that cannot be excelled
by any other arrangement of plants. Ex-
amples are common where feeble attempts
are made to effect a window decoration
of vines, but it is the exception to find an
instance where the success has been such
that it will attract more than passing
notice. This is not because of the plants
themselves, but rather as a result of the
improper way in which they were treated
in the preparatory stage and then the lack

of subsequent care after they had estab-
lished themselves.

Vines can be grown in the house, but
the one best adapted for such use is the
English ivy. This plant can be made to
do wonders under house culture, and not
only to adorn the windows, but to send
its runners entirely around the room, if
so desired.

There is one thing absolutely necessary,
however, to get these results, and that is
a window where there is an abundance of
sunlight. It is the warmth of the sun
during the first six months on the roots
of a newly potted plant upon which de-
pends the success or failure of the plant's
growth. Another thing to be considered is
the kind of plant that is us5d for the pur-
pose, whether it is pot-bound, newly pot-
ted or growing in too large a pot.

The most desirable plant to start with

Ivy is well adapted to training about windows,
giving a very decorative effect

is one that has been growing in the pot
for some time and has become well rooted,
almost pot-bound; but if this is not pos-
sible to get, a number of small plants
packed closely into a large pot, say eight
inches, will serve almost as well, though
perhaps a little slower in producing re-
sults. If there should be an ivy vine grow-
ing on a house within reach of your win-
dow, lead a number of streamers into the
room, and treat them as follows.

The idea is to keep these vines growing
in the room while getting nourishment
from the roots in the ground outside, but
at the same time establishing roots for
themselves in pots, so that in time they
can be separated from the parent vine
without experiencing any shock. To

do this, take a six-inch pot and enlarge
the opening in the bottom so that the vines
may be passed through it without tearing
the leaves. Bare of leaves the vines
nearest the pot for a distance of about
three feet. Make two or three circles of
this bared space and tie together. These
are then to be pulled back into the pot
and loam packed about them. Place the
pot where the sun will fall upon it, and
if this is done in the very early summer
separation can be made in the fall. The
same treatment can apply to an old plant
that has been grown in a pot, using, how-
ever, a number of thumb pots to get the
same results. This is an interesting ex-
periment, and always affords an endless
amount of pleasure to those trying it.

A small shelf may be necessary to sup-
port the pot, yet this is not absolutely
necessary, for two brass hooks, one at
the top of the pot and the other at the
bottom, will hold it rigidly in place. In
this case, watering should be done lightly
and frequently and a cork can be placed
in the hole in the bottom to prevent the
water from leaking through onto the floor.

Another thing to be watched is to see
that the plant has not become so pot-bound
that its growth will be injured from some
unforeseen cause. A small plant must not
be allowed to dry up, while a large plant
should not suffer from the same cause.
Tn shifting from the smaller pot to the
larger, don't disturb the roots. Remove
the pot and put the plant in the larger
sized receptacle and pack the dirt hard
about it.

Once established, an ivy can be placed
in almost any part of the room and can be
made to grow for years by a little fertiliz-
ing and the renewal of the top-soil once
a vear.

Insuring Good Fruit

WHILE little can be done out of doors
at this time in the vegetable or
flower garden, you may take advantage of
warm days to prune small fruits and spray
apples, pears and plums for scale San
Jose scale, that most insidious and most
effective enemy of good fruit. Currants
and gooseberries should be pruned suf-
ficiently to keep the bushes in open form,
as a precaution against mildew as well
(Continued on page 64.)

Now is the time to start cauliflower plants
. tor setting out in frames

E DITOIU AL

INFORMATION FOR '-pHERE is no apology needed for

THE LAYMAN packing a magazine like HOUSE

& GARDEN full of the most definite

instruction, but since the topic is the subject of so much discussion
it is worth while here to offer an explanation. Since there are a
few who would describe the information about the more or less
dull processes of construction as a somewhat unpalatable dose,
we may be able to give the directions for taking in order that it
may seem less unpleasant medicine, become fully digested without
difficulty and perform its office efficiently.

There are, however, many who consider house building a de-
light, a different pleasure from its attendant one of making the
home. We have always noticed that such prospective owners,
and they are in the majority, are hungry for all the information
obtainable. We have attempted this month to provide it.

That popularized architectural knowledge is harmful, is but
little true. If a few isolated facts and pictures constituted the
so-called "knowledge" perhaps the statement might go unchal-
lenged, but no one but a reactionary would inveigh against the
propaganda that supplied vital essentials and an explanation of
principles. The automobile dealer goes at great length to explain
the technical details of his product and they are of an abstruse
nature to the layman. It is often on points of mechanical superi-
ority that the automobile is sold rather than on the grace of line
and trimmings. It is just as important that the prospective owner
know the working parts of his house. They are often its selling
points, too, and they certainly are the factors which go toward
the health and happiness of those living within it.

Mr. Jackson in showing how the architect works, refutes the
opinion sometimes given that architects would prefer clients un-
familiar with building. Anything which goes toward clarifying
and crystalizing the client's ideas is saving time for him. What
is more, and this is true of all knowledge getting, the further we
proceed the more we are made cognizant of the limitations of
our knowledge. The man or woman it is more often the woman
who has read up and studied and clipped from magazines and
catalogues is not apt to insist on a Spanish Mission house on
the rocky stretch of Maine coast which she owns, nor is she apt
to place stumbling blocks in the way of the architect's esthetic
considerations. The architect is an interpreter both of his clients
tastes and needs, and of the requirements of the situation. What-
ever facilitates his gaining knowledge of his client's demands and
peculiarities, works for the success of his design and enables
him to produce, not only a work of art, but a building efficient
as a home. Then for your good and the architect's good, but
especially for the fun it gives in planning, read.

MAPPING OUT \ CORRESPONDENT of this

A CAMPAIGN "^ magazine had what she called

her paper house. It was only a scrap

book, but it was a very valuable one. She had a little of the mania
of collecting, and when the dim prospect of actually building her
home became almost visual she discovered a vast heap of pictures
and articles, of schemes and penciled notes. They had been
gathered on visits, at exhibitions and from her reading. She
procured a scrap book and divided it into as many departments
as she thought were necessary. They ran something like this:
Plan, Elevations, Living-room, Dining-room, Hall, Bedroom,
Bathroom, Kitchen and Cellar. There was a section for general
information not able to be classified under this scheme, but she
found that hints mostly worked down to specific recommendations
under the scheme given above. Under such heading she pasted
the collected hints and at last there grew a definite impression of
just what she wanted each room to look like, and in that way a

clear idea of the whole house. When they had the place to build
upon she submitted her paper house to the architect in order to
be passed upon. Of course, there was much to be changed but
the architect had an excellent working basis to proceed upon and
her home is proof of the success of careful planning.

There is another line of research that the prospective builder
may work upon, and which will bring him good results and save
him expense. The architect's genius combines a wide knowledge
of many arts and trades, but he is not omnicient, and the client
especially if his architect is from another section of the country-
may have some valuable information to contribute if he obtains
a knowledge of local costs of materials and fixtures. Consulta-
tion with a builder of good reputation and intimacy with the
products of manufacturers of water, lighting, heating and plumb-
ing apparatus will serve in good stead.

And lastly one caution, do not think that your determination
on a particular style of house is necessarily absolute. The archi-
tect's training may suggest a type somewhat different from what
you have had in mind, but more fitting to your interior scheme.
His sense of the esthetic should be the determining factor. If
you are decided on this external feature, you must be prepared
to let him make interior changes to fit it. After all style is largely
determined by the use of local building materials and local condi-
tions. Upon this much of the success of English and German
rural architecture depends. There they try to interpret the spirit
of the locality and pay attention to precedent and local tradition
of the best sort. Much of the restless feeling and impression of
unfitness we sometimes find fault with, is due to the desire to
build something different, to have a unique house. Personality
does not depend upon being different. It is more important to
build in harmony to the neighborhood, but aim to do it better and
truer, if possible. Therein lies the secret of the distinctive home.

MONTICELLO \ FTER visiting Stratford, most travelers
-i*- return disappointed. The hope was to
have approached the great human figure of the plays ; the realiza-
tion was to find even the ghost of the great dramatist driven from
his birthplace. Restraining chains, admonitory signs, the post
card vendor, the professional guide, the gaping crowd ; all these
drive out the attendant spirit of the place and substitute a chilling
presence entirely foreign to it.

Monticello is now the property of an American. He and his
father before him have dedicated it to the memory of Jefferson,
have collected belongings that once were his and have made it a
home where the traditions of its former inmate are carefully
preserved. Visitors are welcomed if only they show a real desire
to see the home of the Father of the Constitution. The estate is
maintained with the care that the individual accords to his own
dear possessions.

Now a self prompted person, earnest enough perhaps, has
launched a campaign to make Monticello a public charge. Un-
fairly it is intimated that, "half a century of neglect and ingrati-
tude" to Jefferson's memory is chargeable to the present owner.
It is urged that, if necessary, the place be, seized by right of
eminent domain. Such methods are not consistent with the ideas
or practices of the former owner. We believe his presence is
much more evident under the existing state of affairs, than under
such a scheme as that proposed. Nor do we agree with the state-
ment that Monticello "suffers the desecration of sometimes be-
ing lived in." Rather would it be a desecration to divert the
stream of curious sightseers through the halls where now at
least there is still a semblance of the quiet and simplicity of the
life that once was there. Let us not drive away the impression
of Monticello as a home until we must.

(46)

JANUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN |

I
I

THE FUNDAMENTAL ESSENTIALS
IN FINE FURNITURE

Good design, proportion and scale are all indispensable, whether it be a reproduction of some
Eighteenth Century masterpiece, or an adaptation of the style of such designers as Chippendale,
Sheraton or Hepplewhite to meet the requirements of the present day.

The beauty and charm of a splendid design can be materially enhanced by the use of rare and
choice woods in varying grains, ingeniously combined.

These features as well as thoroughness in workmanship will be found in Sloane furniture. It is
made under the most favorable conditions. Our cabinet makers and carvers are imbued with
the spirit of the artisans of old times and are finding real pleasure in making furniture as well as
furniture can possibly be made. This personal interest on the part of the workman can be seen
in the perfection of the finished article.

W. &- J. SLOANE

FURNITURE AND DECORATIONS

FIFTH AVENUE AND FORTY^ SEVENTH STREET, NEW YORK

IH writing to odvtrtum pleost mention HOUSE AND GAKD.

HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

The Bekuty of an Italian Garden
Modernized by Concrete

Even less pretentious country homes may now have the
formal beauty of Italian gardens by an artistic use of con-
crete in building terraces and balustrades, gateways, pergolas,
peristyles, aquariums, sundials, sidewalks, flower vases, etc.,
on the place. Concrete blends beautifully with the land-
, jjTscape, as did the marble and stone of an earlier period. It is
also fireproof and everlasting; requires no upkeep; never looks
} old and shabby from time and exposure. For best results, use

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Concrete Surfaces Concrete in the Country

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Mistakes We Made in Building
Our House

(Continued from page 20)

bathroom," as the second bathroom is
usually termed, is frequently placed in
a most exposed position as regards the
cold. Over a vestibule is a cold loca-
tion, and will cause trouble without a
doubt in severe winter weather. Try
and plan for a bathroom to be on a side
of the house where cold winter winds are
not so likely to strike it. It is also a mis-
taken theory that piping and apparatus
may freeze and if thawed out no damage
results. Washers are ruined and "ball-
cocks"' (these ball-cocks shut off the water
supply when flush tanks have been filled
to the amount they should hold) injured
by the water being allowed to freeze
around them. Then water flows away to
waste, often unknown until a large bill for
water comes in. Then a plumber's bill
also comes for repairs which are necessary.
We have just been through a most dis-
couraging and expensive experience of
this kind, and we think it will be necessary
to shut off certain sections of our plumb-
ing and drain out all water for the best
part of the winter season simply to prevent
expense and annoyance from frozen piping
and apparatus. All of this could have
been prevented by care in the beginning
as regards the location of the batlkpoms.
Putting a bathroom in a cold location is
simply inviting Disaster. But many a
house is built (as was ours) without care
in this direction simply because experience
is lacking. Covering piping with insulating
coverings aids. Many good coverings are
on the market, and may be purchased and
put on at reasonable rates. Try and have
all piping laid. so it will not be on a wall
which is on the outside of the house. If
absolutely necessary to place it in such a
position lay a strip of wood on the wall
first and use an insulated covering.

On the second story, our bathroom had
a floor made of wood. If you have a
similar floor, arrange to -have it put down
in sections near, where the piping passes
through it. This method allows one to
take up a section easily and make any
necessary repairs to traps, pipes between
the floors, etc., and is a money saver. We
wished we had-only known of it when we
built our home ; -it would have saved us
much money as, years went by.

A favorite method at times is to build
one or more of. the second story rooms out
from the main house, sometimes over a
piazza, or simply as an extension or bay
window. Rooms built this way are very
difficult and expensive to heat, so that
children find it impossible to play on the
floor in the winter time (the very time
they are in the house playing) on account
of the floor being so cold. We would
think of this if we built another home.

We would also have a square hall on
the second floor and plan our rooms to
open off it instead of long narrow halls
which waste so much valuable space and
which require so much more coal in the

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

JANUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN

winter time to heat them. This method of
using a square hall is perfectly feasible ;
many a home could be so designed to ad-
vantage. We would not have a bedroom
without two windows, if possible on
separate sides of the room. This cannot
always be done except on corner rooms,
still it is possible to put two windows in
every room and this should always be
done.

We wish we had put a transom in some
of the bedrooms ; especially in the nursery.
If we had we could have left the children's
door closed and yet have heard anything
occurring in the room. Many people like
to have all doors locked in the house, or
at least closed, so windows can be left
open without a draft. A transom is in-
expensive and allows ventilation and also
prevents a draft.

A mistake in the plans made one part
of the roof so low that it was difficult for
a tall person to pass through a section
of the third story hall. Such blunders are
constantly occurring in plans. It is very
difficult to rectify such mistakes after the
house is under way. In our case we had
to give up part of a good third story room
simply to allow the hall to be enlarged so
as to overcome this defect.

Always have all rooms finished in your
third story. It is a very mistaken idea to
leave some of them unfinished. It does
not cost a great deal more to finish a
room while the house is being built; it
costs a very large amount to do after the
house is complete. We found this out.
Never have any room unfinished. A room
next to an unfinished one will be cold in
winter and will take far more heat to make
it habitable. Also we found snow would
enter an unfinished room around the win-
dow frames; and then it would melt,
wetting the ceiling of the room below on
the second story, and in time causing the
ceiling to fall, if the snow is not gathered
up each time it comes in. This caused us
much trouble until it was rectified.

All rooms on the third floor should have
two windows. Third story rooms are far
more warm in summer on account of the
roof heating them. We wish we had put
two windows in all our third story rooms.

Taking up the outside of the house, our
front steps were made far too narrow for
comfort. When covered with ice in the
winter they were really dangerous. Care
should be taken to design steps wide
enough to allow a person to mount them
easily. Have your architect attend to this ;
he can do so with no trouble.

What You Should Know About

Plumbing

(Continued from page 39)
Since its appearance on the market, the
syphon water closet, which is made in
many forms, has gradually gained pre-
cedence until now it leads all others in
numbers used as well as in points of ex-
cellence. One of the latest types of syphon
closets is supported by the piping and wall
with no part touching the floor. This
enables one to keep the floor sanitary.

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

START WITH THE LARGEST STOCK that can be secured! Jit takes ,many
years to grow many of the Trees and Shrubs that we offer.

WE DO THE LONG WAITING thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that
give an immediate effect. Send for Price List.

ANDORRA NURSERIES

BOX
H

CHESTNUT HILL
PHILADELPHIA, PA.

WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

If You Are Building, You

Should Have This

PORTFOLIO of
WOOD PANELS

FREE

T shows on
panels of ac-
tual wood just
fhow your woodwork
and floors will look when finish-
"ed with Johnson's Wood Dye, Prepared Wax and other

"^finishes. It also gives full specifications and instructions so that any good
'painter can successfully do your work. In this portfolio the Johnson wood
dyes are shown on oak, pine, cypress, birch, gum, chestnut, maple, etc. It will
give you many helpful decorating suggestions.

Johnson's Wood Dye

is a dye in every sense of the word it penetrates deeply into the wood, bringing out its
natural beauty without raising the grain. It dries in thirty minutes and does not smudge or
rub off. It is made in sixteen beautiful shades, as follows:

No. 126 Light Oak
No. 123 Dark Oak
No. 125 Mission Oak
No. 140 Early English
No. 110 Bog Oak

No. 128 Light Mahogany
No. 129 Dark Mahogany
No. 127 Extra Dark Mahogany
No. 130 Weathered Oak
No. 131 Brown Weathered
No. 132 Green Weathered

No. 121 Moss Green
No. 122 Forest Green
No. 172 Flemish Oak
No 178 Brown Flemish
No. 120 Fumed Oak

Also Get This Book Free!

Is Just Off The Press

You will find it particularly useful if you are contemplating
building, if you are interested in beautiful interiors, if you
want to secure the most artistic and serviceable
finishes at least expense. This book is full of valu-
able information to everyone who is interested
in this line. We will be pleased to mail you
1913 Booklet edition H.G.I, upon request.
Please Use The FREE Coupon

COUPON

I am building. Please
send FREE Portfolio
of Wood Panels and 1913
Booklet, edition H.GLL.

S. C. Johnson & Son

Racine, Wisconsin

"The Wood Finishing Authorities"

Address.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

| HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

is beautiful in finish and pattern (of which one
is shown) and beyond question the most durable
china made. Strike the edge of any "Syracuse"
China piece on a like piece of any other china,
and it will invariably chip the other china with
no effect on "Syracuse" China that's quality.

Durable

Tliis beautiful "Syracuse" China is thoroughly vitri-
fied by our double-fire process. There are two tests of
this: first, its translucency; second, when chipped it
not absorb germs, grease or dirt but remain white
and clean. Get O. P. Co. "Syracuse" because it is gen-
uine, germproof and best china value on the market.

Beautiful

The exquisite colors and charming patterns of

ne exquisite colors ana cnarming patterns ot
Syracuse " China are part of the china itself,
and practically last as long as it does.
When they adorn your table with their ele-
gance and beauty they will delight your guests
and rejoice your heart that you insisted on
beautiful and durable " Syracuse " China.
Ask your dealer. If he has it, he knows if he
hasn't it. don't argue, for, on request.

WE WILL SEND YOU A SAMPLE

piece. You may then judee for your-
self and get a proper appreciation
which no illustration can give (in-
close lOc to cover postage on sample).

Onondaga Pottery Co.

Syracuse, New York

THIS CASEMENT is

A REAL COMFORT!

WHEN OPEN IT'S ALL WINDOW; NOT HALF
A WINDOW.

AND THERE'S NO UGLY JOINT IN THE MID-
DLE TO SPOIL THE VIEW AND PROHIBIT
ARTISTIC GLAZING.

TO OPEN AND CLOSE /r WITH THIS HOLD-
FAST ADJUSTER OF OURS IS A POSITIVE
PLEASURE.

Don't build without our handbook.

CASEMENT H'DW. CQ,"&S3g| ST -

All bathrooms should have a local
ventilating pipe of at least twenty-five to
thirty square inches cross-section, prefer-
ably back of the bath tub but convenient
of access and continuing through the roof
starting near the floor. Its inlet should be
supplied with a damper register and con-
tinued independent through the roof. It
may be galvanized iron all the way, al-
though preferably it should be connected
to a regular flue, paralleling and in the
same chimney with a flue heated by the
kitchen range, furnace or the like.

Probably the most used plumbing fix-
ture in the average house is the kitchen
sink which has had its share of improve-
ments. The best of these now have the
body, back and drain shelf all in one piece
the advantages of which are too plain to
need comment. Note the long solid back
as shown at the bottom of page 39.

The one fixture which, like an octopus,
has an outstretched arm to each fixture
in the house and remains practically un-
seen is the range boiler or hot water stor-
age tank. Its size depends upon the num-
ber of tenants, the minimum quantity be-
ing 30 gallons for a family of four or less,
adding eight to ten gallons for each ad-
ditional member of the family. It should
invariably have a circulation pipe so that
hot water can be instantly drawn at any
fixture without waiting for it to travel
from the boiler. These hot water pipes
should all be covered with sectional pipe
covering to conserve the heat. Another
up-to-date method of supplying hot water
is to place an automatic instantaneous gas
hot water heater at some point in the line
of piping and take all the hot water from
this. With this system the opening of
any hot water faucet automatically turns
on the gas, which ic lighted by a pilot light,
and all water passing through the heater is
heated to nearly the boiling point ; when
the water is shut off a thermostat shuts
off the gas. This system furnishes boiling
water at any hour of day or night and
the fuel bill is always in proportion to
the amount of hot water consumed.

TAP SCREW

Diagram of a water-sealed trap

If the house is to be located where the
soil is damp an automatic cellar drainer
should be installed. These are generally
placed in a little pit in the lower corner
of the cellar, connected to the water pres-

7n writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

JANUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN f

5 1

sure pipe and the overflow to some con-
venient waste ; but a better way is to keep
all moisture outside of the cellar by filling
in back of the cellar walls and under the
concrete of the cellar bottom with broken
rock and through this broken rock run one
or two lines of small tile pipe to an outside
frost proof pit in which the cellar drainer
may be located.

The outside plumbing depends upon the
size of the lawn, location of stable or
garage, etc. For small lawns an attach-
ment with stop and drain cock inside the
frost line in cellar, so as to be closed off
in winter, is sufficient ; if the lawn is large
there should be one or more lawn hydrants.

The modern garage requires special at-
tention in the matter of plumbing. The
floor should slope gradually to a common
point in the centre, side or corner where
in a slight depression it should empty into
a bell trap from which a four-inch pipe
should lead to a settling basin and grease
trap, the walls and bottom of which should
be thoroughly covered both inside and out-
side with portland cement. The accumula-
tion of oil, grease and dirt may be removed
from this trap whenever there is enough
of either to necessitate taking it out. This
catch basin is used to prevent the grease
and dirt from stopping up the waste pipe
and because it accomplishes just that desir-
able end it is advisable to run the waste
from the sink separately into this grease
trap, or if too far, make one near the
kitchen.

If you feel that you must economize in
the plumbing let the cutting be done in
the number of fixtures or in the quality
of the fixtures, but never in the waste and
vent piping. On it depends sanitation.
Also do not install inferior valves and
tanks, for that would mean continuous
trouble and expense.

Syphon principle shown by onion stem

Do not permit any iron or steel to come
in contact with marble. If there is enough
moisture about to cause the rusting of a
nail head, against which a piece of marble
is resting, the rust will in time penetrate
through to the other side of the slab, even
though it be an inch or two thick. This
is what causes the rust colored spots often
seen in marble slabs, not infrequently they
come from wrought iron basin clamps
which were used instead of brass ones.

Do not change your mind at the last
moment and put in some misfit (does not
fit the roughing in) fixture such as the
basin at the bottom of page 38, where the
pipes have been offset outside the tiling to
match a change and thus an otherwise
beautiful, sanitary bathroom has been dis-
figured.

Do not install any fixture which creates

No- Rim- Cut Tires 10% Oversize

Look at All the
Winter Treads

Compare the following all-important points.
Then you'll know the cogent reason why Goodyear
tires far outsell all others.

Here is a double-thick tread an extra
tread, made of very tough rubber, vulcan-
ized onto the regular.

In that extra tread are these deep-cut,
sharp-cut blocks. So deep and so tough
that they last for thousands of miles.

Countless edges and angles face every
direction, and they grasp the road surface
with a bulldog grip.

Why They Last

Those are the reasons why these tough
treads last.

But the tires last too, for the strain is
not centered on any small part of the
fabric.

These blocks widen out so they meet at
the base. Thus the strain is distributed
over the fabric just as with smooth-tread
tires.

Have you found those features in any
other non-skid?

Here they come in tires that can't rim-
cut tires 10 per cent over the rated size.

Tires which save, in these two ways,
an average of 48 per cent.

Tires which so excel that men now use
them on some 250,000 cars. You'll have
them on yours when you see them.

The Goodyear Tire Book 14th-year edi-
tiontells all the tire facts that you want
to know. Ask us to mail it to you.

AKRON. OHIO

No-Rim-Cut Tires

With or Without
Non-Skid Treads

THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, AKRON, OHIO

Branches and Agencies in 103 Principal Cities More Service Stations Than Any Other Tire

We Make All Kinds of Rubber Tires, Tire Accessories and Repair Outfits

Main Canadian Office, Toronto, Ont. (923) Canadian Factory, Bowmanville, Ont.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World's Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products

SPRING PLANTI NG

Our products are of a higher grade than ever this season, placing us in a better position to fill orders
with a class of material that will give satisfaction to all our patrons. Our Nursery consists of 300 acres of
highly cultivated land and a large area covered with Greenhouses and Storehouses in which we are growing
Nursery and Greenhouse Products for every place and purpose. ....

BOBBINK & ATKINS

Rutherford, N. J.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSF AND GARDEN.

5 2

. HOUSE

AND

GARDEN

JANUARY,

1913

Cincinnati, Ohio

New York - 180-182 Broadway
Philadelphia 1012-14 Chestnut St.

Chicago 231-215 So. WabashAve
Boston 01-91 Federal Street

Washington 12l8-_'0 F St.. N.W
Cincinnati 128-l.H Fourtli Ave..F,

Without Raising the Sash

or exposing yourself to cold wind, rain
or snow, you can close or bow your
shutters from indoors and lock or fasten
them at any angle.

The Mallory Shutter Worker

is operated by a turn of the little handle as shown in the
picture. May be applied on old or new houses, stone,
Write for booklet of particulars and cost.
Mftf f!r 2SS MAIN STREET

IVllg. VjO., FLEMINQTON, N.J.

.
brick or frame.

a dust pocket, without leaving sufficient
room to remove the dirt. The shower
sink at the top of page 38 should be low-
ered to the level of the floor or built up
around it, because it will, as it now stands,
accumulate dirt.

Do not forget that what was satisfactory
plumbing twenty-five years ago would not
be considered to-day and that the best we
have to-day will be none too good for to-
morrow. This is one department of house
building where it pays to do it correctly
in the beginning and save money and get
better satisfaction ever afterwards.

Some Building Economies

(Continued from page 22)
blocks and paints them with white cement-
stain.

To sum up :

1. Compact and careful planning.

2. Stock sizes.

3. Simplicity.

4. Local material.

By paying proper attention to these four
things, and getting proper professional ad-
vice, you can reduce the cost of your home
more than a little; but don't try chasing
elusive and illusive rainbows, as so many
folk do !

The Vital Functions of iLight in

the Home

(Continued from page 28)
Nervous prostration, lack of literary in-
spiration, and insomnia may be relieved,
restored, and cured by the proper treat-
ment of light and color.

To-day the lighting of the office is
harsh, white and cold. Why let the light
of the home suggest to the mind of the
tired business man working conditions?

This subject of psychology is irrevoca-
bly linked with artificial light, particularly
in the home which is the theatre of life.
Once a dramatist, more daring than his
fellows, staged a play. It dealt with the
psychology of light. The critics read the
manuscript and predicted failure. As
usual the public decided. It was a wonder-
ful success. Night after night thousands
sat spellbound under the psychological in-
fluence of light. The "illuminating engi-
neer" was not in evidence. Possibly he
was asleep in the gallery.

The following abstract from one of the
scenes will interest all in whom the sense
of imagination and power to appreciate
logic still holds sway.

Vavin, a scientist, is discovered with
Halcomb and Dora the lovers of the play.
Before leaving them alone in the moon-
light, he administers gratuitously a 'psy-
chological benediction :

Vavin Do you know the effect of color?
Halcomb Color?

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GA

JANUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN |

Vavin You have heard of Nancy in France
the town?

Halcomb Yes.

Vavin And Dr. Charcot?

Halcomb Yes.

Vavin He was my friend. We made together
many experiments of the effect of color
upon many persons under hypnotic influ-
ence. Invariably under yellow, or amber,
the subject laughs; under green he is con-
tent; under red he is stimulated; if it is
brown he is in fear; if violet he weeps;
under blue he is what you call it distrait?

Dora Perplexed ?

Vavin Perplexed !

Halcomb Don't you think, Monsieur, so much
attention to the light is a bit theatrical?

Vavin Theatrical ?

Halcomb Not true to life.

Vavin Life? Do you know, Monsieur, that
sixty per cent, of the causes of falling in
love are in the moonlight in life? Do you
know the harvest moon?

Halcomb You mean the full moon that comes
at harvest time?

Vavin (nodding) Do you know its peculiarity?
Generally the full moon rises nearly an
hour later each night.

Halcomb Well?

Vavin The harvest moon at the full comes up
three nights almost at the same time. Did
you ever think of that? and why is it, do
you suppose?

Halcomb Why?

Vavin That harvesters, men and women, shall
fall in love with each other ! Oh, it is a
droll God, Monsieur, that plays that trick
for one hour on His children. Think of it,
Monsieur, a harvest moon for one hour !
Is that of the theatre? No; it is a droll
God. Now, I cannot show you ; I have no
arrangement to get the blue light, which is
mystery, and the green light, which is con-
tent, and which together make a moon-
light when two people come together, mys-
tified and happy, and say "Ah, this is Fate
we were for each other since the beginning."

Do not laugh, gentle reader, for it is
tragedy not comedy. Here in our midsi,
at our very door, yes, even within our
home is a marvelous omnipotent agent,
willing to aid us, yet fettered by man's
stupidity and the shackles of a sordid, mis-
directed commercialism. Let us see how
it lies within the power t>f each and every
one of us to release this greatest of public
servants artificial light and obtain as
recompense our own reward.
(To be continued)

Water Supply in Town and

Country
(Continued from page 19)

in which the pumping or lifting apparatus
is located directly at the well and those in
which this apparatus is located in the
basement of the house or in an out build-
ing.

Apparatus providing for a pump and
pressure tank located in the house at some
distance from the well has been developed
to a high state of efficiency. An ordinary
pressure tank is used precisely like that
already described for soft water systems.
From this steel tank, horizontal or verti-
cal, a suction pipe extends out to the well
from which it draws its supply. Of
course, if the pump can be located below

AT LAST! A Practical, Small Refrigerating
and Ice-Making Machine for Domestic Use

We are now prepared to furnish the Audiffren-Singrnn Refrigerating Machine in sizes
to meet the requirements for cooling refrigerators, cooling drinking water, and making
ice in residences, apartment houses, hotels, hospitals, office buildings, etc.

That this machine has long since passed the experimental stage is proven by the fact
that over eight hundred of them are in daily operation in Europe, many having been in
use for over five years without repairs. The refrigerant cannot escape, so recharging it

never necessary.

AUDIFFREN-SINGRUN

Refrigerating Machine

has no joints, valves, gauges or stuffing boxes, and no connections to
leak. Anyone can easily operate it all that is necessary is to keep this
machine supplied with water and power. And it can be operated by elec-
tric motor, gas or gasoline motor, steam, oil or hot air engine, or any
other available power.

It is cheaper to use this machine than ice. It keeps food in better con-
dition due to the lower temperatures and dryer air produced. Does away
with the slime, dirt and unsanitary conditions caused by ice. It is abso-
lutely safe.

Write our nearest Branch for Catalog No. 50

H. W. JOHNS -MANVILLE CO.

Albany Chicago Detroit Louisville New York San Francisco
Baltimore CincinnatiTndianapolisMilwaukee Omaha Seattle _

Boston Cleveland KansasJCity Minneapolis Philadelphia St. Louis
Buffalo Dallas Los Angeles New OrleansPittsburgh Syracuse

(1785)

HAVE JUST THE
GREENHOUSE
:\J FOR, You

HIS is a sweeping
statement, and it next
follows that we must
prove it up. This is
exactly what we want the oppor-
tunity of doing. Of course, by far
the most satisfactory way is _ to
come and see you, and in looking
over our catalog of 104 pages to-
gether, suggest such ones as will
best suit your particular location
and needs.

Then, the question of price, how
soon it can be erected, and so on,
can be discussed right then and
there.

If, however, you prefer to see
our catalog before you see us, then
let us send you one at once. It is
so thoroughly illustrated and ar-
ranged in such an easy-to-under-
stand way, that a short perusal
will give you a pretty general idea
of the greenhouse question. You
will have some fifty or more sub-
jects to select from.

Send your letter direct to our main office

900 Louisa Street, Elizabeth, N. J.

or you may find it convenient to call at our
New York Office at 1170 Broadway

HlTCHINGS AND Co.

In writing to advirttters please mention HODSE AND GAEDEK.

HOUSE AND GARDEN |

JANUARY, 1913

MEEH ANS' means GARDEN SERVICE, plus

S a teYour problem, we shall answer fully and frankly-back of our answer w,ll be he
wealth of practical information gathered by a deep rooted organization, 58 5^J?"fc*|5
upon an inexhaustible fund of experience in all parts of the country. An organization that
knows your needs because it has practical men personally studying the con f '''Xt thev know
tion, who assist in the selection of trees, shrubs, evergreens and perennials that
are best suited. ,
The Meehan Catalog is authentic, accurate and so de-
finite in its statement of sizes that it makes easy the selec-
tion of trees and really hardy plants for your grounds.
But it cannot cover the

number

A limited

Rare
Historic
English
Elms

from such historic points of England and

Scotland as Tower of London, Stirling Battle
field, Cambridge University, Ely Cathedral
and Lichfield (Home of Samuel Johnson),

etc., are now offered for the first time to the
Yiuerlcan public.
Not seedlings, but actual living wood from

American public.

Not seedlings, bUt ......... ........ ..--..

the famous old elms grafted to roots of the

common English elm. A full list of these
historic trees, with description, terms of sale
and price sent on request.

rare, unusual plants that

give your property individuality

many of which are gathered from the far corners of the
earth, and thoroughly proved out m our own nurseries
before being offered for public sale. These items are more
largely covered in our 1913 Specialty Book "K, 1 free on
request.

The Meehan shipping service assures better delivery to
distant points we ship all over the world.

If you have a new property, less than an acre, write for
our Special Proposition at once.

THOMAS MEEHAN AND SONS

Box 40

Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.

WATER SUPPLY IN TOWN AND COUNTRY 7

THE ANSWER IS A

Corcoran Tank Tower MCI Windmill

Will Last a Lifetime

Economy plus a picturesque combination of beauty and usefulness.
Built to order to suit your location and your idea of the landscape
effect of your estate. Write for estimate of complete cost, including
designing, material and construction.

A. J. CORCORAN Inc., 17 John Street, NEW YORK

Here Is a Water Pumping
System That Is Automatic

PUMPS WATER BY WATER POWER

You can have an abundant supply of water
in your country home without other cost
than the low initial expense of installing a

RIFE RAM

and Pneumatic Tank Water System

Water is pumped automatically day and
night, winter and summer without oper-
ating expense or need of supervision.

Kife Rams will maintain 100
Ib. air pressure in storage tanks
and develop an efficiency of 60
to 90 c /o according to conditions.

Write for catalog giving details
the simplest and most
depend-
able way
of pump-
ingwater.

RIFE ENGINE COMPANY
2700 TRINITY BUILDING, NEW YORK

BAY STATE

Send at once for our booklet
No. 2 on Bay State Brick and
Cement Coating protection.

Wadsworth, Howland & Co., Inc.

82-84 Washington St.

Boston, Mass.
New York Office, 156 Fifth Avenue

'OTfEKY

EAUTiFUL Plants de-
_' serve Beautiful Pots
'he Galloway Productions
ipmbine Strength & Dur-
~>ilitya>z'?;4 Artistic Qual-
ies that will add Charm
\bur Garden & Home
Reasonable Cost.
_ Pots,Boxes,Vases,Sun-
.flials . Benches and other
attractive pieces are
shown IQ our Catalogue
which will be mailed

ERRA GDTTA Gb.

3218 WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA

the water level in the well, water will flow
by gravity to the suction end of the pump
and less power is required to operate it.
This is not necessary, however, for mod-
ern water supply pumps (as made by lead-
ing manufacturers) are very efficient and
capable of lifting water several feet above
the well to the pressure tank.

Hand pumps can be used for forcing
water into the pressure tank, or the pumps
can be driven by power, the latter being
most ideal of course, as they can be ar-
ranged automatically to keep the tank con-
stantly supplied.

Electrically driven pumps have proved
very satisfactory installations, for by
means of the ingenious electric switches
governing these most modern of water
supply outfits the automatic control of the
pump is assumed. Current is kept turned
on at the switch at all times. When pres-
sure in the tank falls below a certain point
the switch automatically closes, which
starts the electrically driven pump. Pres-
sure, rising to a certain point, reverses the
operation, opening the switch and stop-
ping the pump. Pressure in the tank is
automatically controlled by the drawing
off of water at the faucets.

In many country houses the water sup-
ply outfit is run by a gasoline engine and
these installations have proved very prac-
tical though they cannot be automatically
controlled, since up to the present time
there has been no method invented to start
a gasoline engine automatically. With
new developments in self -starting automo-
bile engines, however, it is to boped some-
thing along this line will soon be perfected
for water supply outfits. When a gaso-
line engine is used for pumping it is
usually operated but a few minutes _ a
day, at some stated period. In these in-
stallations it is necessary to use a pres-
sure tank merely large enough to supply
the house for a stated length of time, a
period which can be readily computed by
any reliable manufacturer of water sup-
ply apparatus.

The claims made by manufacturers of
apparatus in which the pump or lift is
located directly at the well is that they
deliver fresh water directly to the fixtures,
water which has not been previously
stored in a pressure tank. Most of this
apparatus is operated by compressed air,
the air compressor located in the basement
of the house (or in an outbuilding) forc-
ing air into a steel tank (not unlike an or-
dinary pressure tank) from which pipes
carry compressed air to the "lifting" ap-
paratus located in the well. With an elec-
tric installation the entire process is auto-
matic, a self-acting switch being provided
to start and stop the air compressor when
pressure in the tank falls below or rises
above the point at which the switch is set.

Lifts used with these compressed air
outfits are very ingeniously constructed to
suck water from the well and deliver it
under pressure to the various fixtures.
The distance of the well from the house
makes no material difference, providing,

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

JANUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN |

of course, that the pipe line is air tight and
the compressor is of sufficient capacity.

In conclusion, it may be said that house
owners need have no fear in installing a
water supply outfit on their country place,
for manufacturers have developed their
apparatus to a high state of efficiency.
Owners, however, should consult only
with well established firms whose experi-
ence is unquestioned. Advice concerning
water supply projects is freely given by
most reliable concerns and apparatus in-
stalled according to manufacturer's direc-
tions will be found very satisfactory.

[ House Walls and Their Making

(Continued from page 34)
place, thus doing much to prevent
draughts and leaks. For spanning open-
ings, reinforced concrete lintels have
proved the most satisfactory, although flat
arches of hollow tile are often used. As
the exterior of most hollow tile houses is
stuccoed, care must be taken to give all
cornices and copings a drip sufficiently
wide to clear the walls below ; this will
help to avoid objectionable staining. If
the cornice or belt courses project several
inches or more they should be supported
by projecting hollow tile courses and not
built solidly of plaster or cement which
would be sure to crack and break off. This
exigency of wide eaves or projecting
cornice is easily complied with since it is
at one with good design, and finds pic-
turesque prototypes in many of the old
cottages abroad. In mentioning staining
it is well to remember that if the finish
plaster or stucco is put on while the walls
are -damp, discolorations are sure to fol-
low.

It is a widespread fallacy that no par-
ticular skill is needed for building in terra
cotta blocks. Unskilled workmen can be
employed only under an able superintend-
ent who will see that continuous horizontal
and vertical spaces are laid to accom-
modate lighting and plumbing conduits,
thus saving additional furring ; to see that
cracked and broken blocks are not used,
and to see that walls are built absolutely
plumb, else the discrepancies must be
righted by the inside finish. I remember
seeing a wall where the plaster was an
inch and one-half at one end of the room,
and barely a quarter of an inch at the
other ; this was the result of trying to cor-
rect the inaccuracy of the hollow tile wall.

The question is often asked whether
wooden furring appreciably diminishes the
fireproofness of a terra cotta house. From
both this standpoint and that of sanitation,
metal lath is superior, but considering that
wooden furring is covered by plaster, it
could hardly be considered inflammable.

The cost of a hollow tile house is but
little greater than that of a first-class
frame house, averaging about four or five
per cent. more. On the same basis that

Protect

Business and Home
Property and Life

All kinds of functions to suit all conditions of service.

in your town sells them.

P. & F. CORBIN

Division

The American Hardware Corporation
NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT

The best dealer

P. & F. Corbin
of Chicago

P. & F. Corbin
of New York

P. & F. Corbin Division
Philadelphia

DINGEE Roses

Are the best grown, hardiest and treesl mourning. Little care is required to grow them. More
than sixty years of experience is back of them. Dingee Roses are unequaled for beauty, vigor
and growth always grown on their own roots the only way a rose should be grown.
No matter where you live, we prepay all express charges under a special plan, explained in our
book, and guarantee safe delivery. Write today for the greatest Rose book ever published entitled

|-\iX T/^> IT 1 O/^\Ct7C r - New Guide to Rose
LJlINLEJli KVJotLD Culture for 191 3. It's Free

There is no other book about Roses that compares with it. Elaborately illustrated in colors.
Contains 86 pages. Gives special prices and tells all about these famous Dingee Roses
nearly 1.000 kinds and all other desirable plants i nd seeds and how to Crow Them. It's

free Send for your copy today.

THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Box 160 West Grove, Penn.

70 Glasshouses Leading Rose Growers in America. "

i Ui'i^oe, the
ndorfulUard
I :.,-< Groiri

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

I HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

; : z

Iff

GUARANTEED
PLUMBING
FIXTURES

To make the bathroom beautiful and sanitary
with "Standard" ware, brings the joy of cleanly
living to the whole household and teaches the
gospel of the daily bath to young and old alike.

Genuine 'Standard" fixtures for the Home
and for Schools, Office Buildings, Public
Institutions, etc., are identified by the
Green and Gold Label, with the exception
of one brand of baths bearing the Red and
Black Label, which, while of the first
quality of manufacture, have a slightly
thinner enameling, and thus meet the re-

quirements of those who demand "<$\atidarcf"
quality at less expense. All Standard"
fixtures, with care, will last a lifetime.
And no fixture is genuine unless it bears
the guarantee label. In order to avoid
substitution of inferior fixtures, specify
'Standard" goods in writing (not verbally)
and make sure that you get them.

Standard <&mrtats Iftfe. Co. Dept. 40. PITTSBURGH, PA.

New York, 35 West 31st Street
Chicago, 900 -S. Michigan Ate.
Philadelphia. 1128 Walnut Street
Toronto Can., 69 Richmond St. E
Pittsburgh, 106 Federal Street
St. Louis. 100 N. Fourth Street

Cincinnati, 633 Walnut Street
Nashville, 315 Tenth Avenue, So.
New-Orleans, Baronne&St. JoBcphSts
Montreal Can.. 215 Coristine Bldg.
Boston. John Hancock Bldg.
Louisville, 319-23 W. Main Street
Cleveland, 648 Huron Road, S. E.

Hamilton, Can., 20-28 Jack-son St. W
London, 57-60 Holbom Viaduct, E. C.
Houston, Tex., Preaton & Smith Sts.
Washington, D. O., Southern Bldg.
Toledo. Ohio, 311-321 Erie Street
Ft. Worth, Tex., Front & Jones Sta

Guaranteed by the largest makers of silverware.

INTERNATIONAL SILVER CO., MERIDEN, CONN.

Suctx-xsur to Meridcn Britannia Co.

catalogue A-25."

the stone wall was figured, hollow tile
walls run to about thirty cents a square
foot of surface area.

Frame building, being our natural
American heritage, is so well understood
that only those points demanding the build-
er's closest attention will be noted here.
It is very rare indeed that a shingle or
clapboard frame wall leaks or is in any
way greatly affected by moisture. This
being more than can be said of any other
building material, it is certainly worth
some consideration. The only trouble of
this nature ever encountered is around
door and window openings, for which,
therefore, flashing, should not only be
clearly specified but carefully superin-
tended. This applies to the stuccoed frame
house as well as the clapboard or shingled.
Flashings (the metal strips used to keep
out water where wood joints are not ab-
solutely tight) two or three inches wide
are a waste of time and money; if a place
must be flashed it should be generously
done, the metal turned under the stucco
or woodwork for five or six inches and
thoroughly painted.

It cannot be boasted of wood that it is
fireproof, but certain precautions can be
taken which assist greatly in retarding or
preventing fires. Most important of these
is the use of brick or metal fire stops. By
building six or eight courses of light-
burnt brick between the studs in every
partition and in outer walls at each floor
level, one obtains a formidable fire stop
a protection where it is most needed, in
the walls between studs.

"Short-lived" is another much-quoted
objection against frame houses. To be
sure, the oldest monuments of antiquity
are not of wood. Still, it is a noteworthy
fact that those old Colonial houses which
have been looked after are perfectly sound,
and, moreover, when they are demolished
to make room for "modern improvements"
their wood, both framing and covering, is
eagerly sought as the soundest obtainable
to-day. However, if wood is to be pre-
served it must be painted and repaired
from time to time. For this reason main-
tenance is a bigger item here than in a
masonry structure ; but this is to be ex-
pected of a material costing less in the
first place. There was a time when build-
ing in wood was really inexpensive, but
that time is past and lumber is becoming
as high as masonry materials. Compared
with hollow tile it costs four or five cents
less a surface square foot, or about twenty-
five cents.

Another type of wall still to be men-
tioned is the frame house veneered with
brick. This consists of the ordinary frame
rough-boarded and then an additional four
inches of brick fastened to the boarding
by means of iron clamps or ties. Some
architects recommend this style of wall,
but the test of time has not yet gone far
enough to warrant strongly urging its
adoption.

Whatever material is chosen for the
wall the question of interior finish remains

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

JANUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN |

about the same, since no one type of fin-
ish is limited to any one type of wall. Plas-
ter wainscot, paneling or some one of the
composition boards are all equally applica-
able to a masonry or frame house. In the
case of wainscoting or wood paneling it is
advisable to rough plaster the wall behind
to prevent dampness affecting the wood-
work. In addition to this precaution the
wood should be set free of the wall and
creosoted on the back. The cost of panel-
ing of course exceeds that of plastering,
but ordinary yellow pine wainscoting or
sheathing average about the same.

The plasterer's art is again to be revived
after the fashion of the seventeenth and
eighteenth century English work, and al-
though this applies more to ceilings than
to side walls, nevertheless smooth, old-
fashioned plaster has fallen into ill-repute
and side walls are now generally rough
finished. It is now said by brick manufac-
turers that an interior of artistically pat-
terned brick can be built up at no greater
cost than quarter-oak wainscoting. For
certain rooms and particularly loggias this
makes a most desirable treatment, and is
steadily growing in favor.

The last and cheapest interior covering
to be taken up is some variety of com-
position board. These boards come in
sheets of varying sizes one-quarter of an
inch thick, and may easily be cut by any
saw to fit conditions. However, there are
certain limitations to this material. It can-
not be used if there is excessive moisture,
even where the rest of the house has been
freshly plastered, as it will surely bulge.
The directions as to the spacing of studs
and the way in which the sheets must run
should all be carefully followed.

Our country has long lain under the ac-
cusation of "jerry building," supposed to
be the result of the extensive use of wood.
This is unjust to that time-honored ma-
terial, for no style was ever more sincere
or more solidly constructed than our early
wooden Colonial. The truth is that in-
stability is less a question of material than
of method. Any honestly built wall will
endure if properly protected against
weather.

Ferns That Can Be Grown Success-
fully Indoors

(Continued from page 36)
makes a very attractive and easily man-
aged bit of decoration for the dining- or
living-room table.

While the three types enumerated above
the sword ferns, maidenhairs and spider
ferns contain the great majority of va-
rieties available for house culture, there
are a few others which should not be over-
looked. Chief among these is the Holly
Fern (Cyrtomium falcatum), which, with
its dark green, substantial, glossy foliage
making it, next to ordinary Boston ferns,

^MiiMSSam Bt|Jli

Seven Million Watch-Towers
in the Bell System

The original campanili were the essential to national safety, con-
vatch-towers of old Venice, guard- venience and progress.

ing the little republic from invasion
by hostile fleets.

Later, bells were mounted in
these same towers to give warning
of attack and celebrate victories.

Judged by modern telephone
standards, such a system of com-
munication seems crude and in-
adequate.

In the civilization of to-day, a

The Bell System binds together
a nation of nearly one hundred
million people, by "highways of
speech" extending into every nook
and corner of this great country.

Seven million Bell telephone
stations are the watch-towers
which exchange, daily, twenty-five
million messages for the happiness,

prosperity and progress of all the
more perfect intercommunication is people.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY

AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES
One Policy One System Universal Service

/ill I ML II

/&HLEY

SYSTEM

^31 ">tWA6t IL

Sewage

Disposal

For Country Homes
Without Sewers

Health and self-respect demand that dangerous,
repulsive cesspools, etc., must go. The Ashley Sys-
tem will provide scientific and safe sewage dis-
posal at moderate cost. Write for illustrated Man-
ual on Sewage Purification and Disposal for Coun-
try Homes.

We also provide Sewage Disposal for Institu-
tions, Schools, etc.

ASHLEY HOUSE-SEWAGE DISPOSAL CO.
116 Armida Avenue Morgan Pork, III.

Free Book - " Plants and Plans
for Beautiful Surroundings "

This handsome book will ^ive yon invaluable help in
your home planting whether yours is a large estate or a
modest suburban lot. Tells how to select and how to
plant for quickest results and most artistic effects with
Wagner Hardy Flowers, Roses. Trees and Shrubs, daces
the services of the Wagner Park Landscape department
at your disposal without cost. Write today.
WAGNER PARK NURSERIES Boi 708 SIDNEY, OHIO

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GABDEN.

HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

W.^AlLEE BURPEE Sro.. PHILADELPHIA

Reduced Facsimile Front Cover of

Our Silent Salesman

BURPEE'S "SEEDS THAT GROW" are supplied each
season direct to many more planters than are the seeds
of any other brand. BURPEE'S SEEDS are known the

rorld over as the best it is possible to produce, and are
acknowledged the American Standard of Excellence.

Progressiveplanters everywhere are satisfied with the Vege-
tables and Plowers resulting from Burpee-Quality Seeds,
grown according to the clear information freely given in the
Burpee Leaflets.

In thirty-six years of successful seed selling we have intro-
duced more Novelties that are now in general cultivation
than have any three other firms. We produce Selected Stocks
upon our own seed farms in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and
California, while FORDHOOK FARMS are famous as the
largest trial grounds in America. No government Experi-
mental Station attempts such complete trials each season,
and the information here obtained is of incalculable benefit
to planters everywhere.

Each season, we travel more than thirty thousand miles to
personally inspect pur growing crops and yet never travel a
ingle mile to solicit an order! We ask, however, that you
allow our SILENT SALESMAN to have your careful at-
tention in the quiet of your own home.

Simply send us your address plainly written and kindly
state where you saw this advertisement. Then by first mail
you will receive

The Burpee Annual for 1913

A bright new book of 180 pages, it pictures by pen and
pencil all that is Best in seeds, and tells the plain truth.
While embellished with colored covers and plates painted
from nature it is A SAFE GUIDE, entirely free from exag-
geration.

Shall we send you a copy?

If so. Write To-day.

A postal card will do, and you will not be annoyed by
any "follow-up" letters.

Small Gardens for Small Folks

In connection with our New Department of Seeds for the
Children's Gardens, we publish this interesting and
instructive Little Book. Its four chapters, with useful il-
lustrations, tell what and how to plant and explain the
''why and wherefore" of successful gardening. Parents and
teachers will welcome this original new booklet as filling "a
long-felt want." So enticingly is the story told that chil-
dren will find its reading almost as absorbing as a fairy tale

This Unique Little Book. making "The Lure of the Land'
appeal to the hearts of children, is sure of such an enthu
siastic welcome everywhere that we have published a flrsi
edition of more than two hundred thousand copies.

Seeds for Children's Gardens

Parents and teachers as well as the children themselves
will be vitally interested in reading pages 107, 108 and 109 o
The Burpee Annual, telling about

This New Departure

Many would doubtless like to "have a sample" of jus
what we are doing; therefore, we offer a special

Ready-Made Collection

Jtrvu (sermon ranstes, bordhook Phlox Drummondit
urpee's Superb Spencer Sweet Peas in Unequalec
Mixture as grown by us in California. Burpee s Co
lumbia Beet, Burpee's Golden Bantam Sweet Corn
Burpee's Iceberg Lettuce, White Icicle Radish a
Chalk's Early Jewel Tomato, together with the bo.
"Small Gardens for Small Folks." Five of these cql
lections (with five books) will be mailed for $1.00 ai
sent to five separate addresses, if so directed. To ea
address we will mail also a free copy of THE BURP
ANNUAL FOR 1913, if requested on order.

W. Atlee Burpee &?Co.

Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia
Largest Mail Order Seed House

suited to withstand the dry atmosphere and
other hardships of ordinary house culture,
has long been a favorite. A recent form,
the crested holly fern (C. Rochfordian-
um), while having the same heavy and
attractive foliage, has the pinnae deeply
serrated and also undulated, the conse-
quent light and graceful effect relieving
the compact, dense habit of growth, so that
it makes a truly beautiful specimen. Be
sure to give this splendid new-comer a
trial among the next ferns you get.

Fern balls, which are usually composed
of one of the Davallias, sometimes prove
unsatisfactory. If you get them in the
dormant state, be sure to order direct from
some reliable large house whose supply is
likely to be fresh, rather than take chances
on them at a local store or florist's. The
safest way is to get them already started.
If you get them in dormant condition, soak
them in tepid water for several hours and
hang them where the night temperature
will go as little as possible below sixty de-
grees, until they are well started. Be care-
ful not to let the balls dry out at any time,
which they are apt to do if hung up in a
heated room where the air near the ceil-
ing is hotter and drier than near the floor.
While these most reliable and attractive
plants are not, strictly speaking, ferns,
they require about the same treatment, and
in popular thought are often classed with
them. For several years the two types
that have been in commerce, the climbing
lace fern (Asparagus plumosus nanus)
and Emerald feather (A. Sprengeri), have
grown steadily more and more popular.
The former has beautiful sprays of a light,
sometimes almost golden, green color, than
which there is no foliage more beautiful.
Notwithstanding their delicacy they keep
wonderfully well, both when cut and on
the plant. They may be grown as dwarf
bush plants, in the form of a fern, or as
climbing vines. The original form (A.
plumosus) , when grown under proper con-
ditions in the greenhouse, makes vines
thirty or forty feet long, in a regular jun-
gle- tangle. Even the dwarf form (A. P.
nanus) shows a strong tendency to climb,
and if wanted in a low form the sprays
must be pinched back at twelve to eighteen
inches, and the roots rather restricted. For
vines, keep in large pots, or boxes, and
feed liberally.

Asparagus Sprengeri in both foliage and
habit is very distinct from A. plumosus.
The leaves resemble small glossy pine
needles, borne in long sprays, and as it
is trailing in habit it makes a unique and
beautiful plant for stands and baskets.
The sprays keep well when cut, and make
an excellent background for flowers. It
is now used more universally for green by
florists than any other plant.

Either of the above may be started from
seed, or propagated by dividing old plants,
but small young plants may be had of the
florists at a very low price. They will do
well in a temperature of fifty to fifty-five
degrees at night. Shower frequently, but
water only moderately. Hatcheri resem-
bles plumosus nanus, but is more compact

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

Make the Grounds
A Part of Your Home

REPUBLIC ORNAMENTAL FENCING Is a delight to
the eye. It Is neat In design and finish, made of high-
grade, heavy galvanized steel wire and can be mounted
on steel. Iron, cement or wood posts.

IT IS AN INVESTMENT not an expense a perma-
nent Improvement which adds greatly to the value of
your property, as well as to Its appearance.

PROTECTS THE GROTTNDS THOROUGHLY, yet dow
not obscure the view. Is SANITARY. Compels clean
alleys and lets the sunshine through to the garden.

NO REPAIRS necessary.

REPUBLIC FENCE INDICATES QUALITY and coti
less than inferior makes.

Write for free catalog showing designs _ for front,
rear and division fencing, also the Non-C'imbabte.

Republic Fence and Gate Co., Manufacturer*

DEPT. 500, NORTH CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

Send for catalogue P 27 of Periolai. iun diiJi and garden
furniture, or P 40 of wood oolumna.

HARTMANN- SANDERS CO.

Exclusive Manufacturers of

ROLL'S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS

Suitable fer PERGOLAS, PORCHES
or INTERIOR USE

ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES.
CHICAGO, ILL.

Eastern Office: 1123 Broadway
New York City

JANUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

"Se Year

s fy Glassware

Iftbrilliancy, grace and beauty make it
an attractive and superior service for
Ihquets or formal occasions. Its dura'
r makes it desirable for everyday use.

HEIBEY'5

5 WARES

The trade mark is a guarantee that you are
getting the best there is in glassware. Lk
for it. Our "Handbook for th 4 Hostess"
is an authority on table glass and its use.
VVnte for a copy.

,A.H.Heisey&-Cco

Dept. 52
ark, Ohio

Vick's 2 Guide

FOR 1913 IS READY

Larger and better than ever. Several
splendid new varieties. For 64 years the
leading authority on Vegetable, Flower
and Farm Seeds, Plants and Bulbs. You
need it before you decide what kinds to
plant. Sendforyourcopytoday. Itisfree.

JAMES VICK'S SONS, Rochester, N. Y.
IS Stone Street The Flower Cltjr

in habit and the leaves are much closer to-
gether on the steins. If it remains true
to type, and is as hardy as plumosus, it
will replace it, for it certainly is a more
beautiful plant. A. S. variegata is a very
pretty "sport" with the leaves edged white.

The culture of ferns in the house is not
very difficult, although it differs somewhat
from that given plants of other kinds. For
the best results ferns should be kept where
the night temperature does not go much
below fifty to fifty-five degrees, but the
hardier sorts will stand a night occasional-
ly considerably lower than this.

The most difficult of their requirements
to supply is a moist atmosphere. While it
is not possible to secure in a dwelling
house, unless particular arrangements,
such as an inclosed bay-window or spe-
cial plant room have been provided, that
humid atmosphere in which they thrive
for the florist, it is nevertheless possible
to do much by admitting fresh air as often
as possible and keeping bowls of water to
evaporate on top of radiators, or among
the plants.

While ferns thrive in a moist atmos-
phere, they will be quickly affected by
water retained about the roots. Drainage
must be perfect, and to attain this end
the soil used should be especially light and
porous. A soil just right for the require-
ments of ferns may be had by mixing two
parts screened leaf-mold and one each of
sand and rich loam.

While with such a soil ferns will stand
frequent watering, the foliage should be
wet no oftener than is necessary to keep
it clean, especially if the plants are in
direct sunshine. When syringing the
leaves is to be done, pick out a warm day
so that the plants may dry off quickly
near an open window. While ferns will
do well enough on partly shaded positions
it is a good plan to give them all the light
possible without direct sunshine ; and like
all other house plants they should have all
the fresh air possible while maintaining
the proper temperature.

Many of the ferns can be increased
either by runners which root like straw-
berry plants, and can be potted off in small
pots, or by division, in which case the
crown is separated into two or more pieces.
These may be readily propagated at home.
The sorts that are grown from spores
(the fern's seeds) it will be better to get
from the florist's.

The insect enemies of ferns are mealy
bug, thrips and brown scale. If the plants
are kept in good condition and the air from
becoming too dry, these will seldom put
in an appearance. Should they do so, how-
ever, clean them off at once. The mealy
bugs may be dislodged with a toothpick
or hairpin and spraying with some nicotine
solution, or even laying the plants on their
sides and applying water with force,
should kill or dislodge either of the first
two. The scale is not so easily gotten
rid of; the only sure way is to take a
sponge and water, and if necessary a dull
knife or some other sharp-edged imple-
ment, and clean them off.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDKK.

DEXTER TABLE

Ransack all New England and
you will not find better examples
o/ the fine old, distinctly New
England, furniture than the
models made by us. A * A

PLYMOUTH
DUXBURY
STANDISH
BREWSTER
WINDSOR
BRADFORD

WINDSOR

WESTCOTT

CHAIRS

Straight 6 RocKing

All built as honestly as their prototypes,
&11 faithful reproductions of the finest
examples in existence, all offered in the
natural wood, for you to select your finish.

A WELL -SELECTED PIECE HERE
AND THERE WILL ADD TO THE AT-
TRACTIVENESS OF THE HOME.

Get the best furniture at the least ex-
pense, we are manufacturers. Our ware-
rooms are at all times open to the public.

You have an unlimited stock to select
from and the choice of any finish.

Send for full set of over 200 illus-
trations and color chart showing
Leavens' Standard Stains.

LEAVENS
FURNITURE

WILLIAM-LEAVENS &C9

32 CANAL ST
BOSTON MASS

Sash

,-, The PrrtU-l Workman ,.
/ SUM to kno- the'R-Mon WV

ERLAKEAcord

(Name rtamparf indelibly on every
f90t\

The man who builds a house without
asking about the aash-oord to be used
! laying up trouble for himself. lo-
iflt that the apeeifi cations mention
SILVER LAKE A. Its smooth sur-
face offers not hi nit on which ths
pulley can oatoh. Guaranteed for
Twenty years.

Write for Free Booklet^

SILVER LAKE COMPUY
87 Chauncr St.,

Boston, Ma MM.
Makers of SILVER
LAKE solid braided
el o t b e
lines.

HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

Start Planning

That Garden

Now

TjOVV did your garden pan out
'-* last year? Weren't there
some things you wished you had
planted more Giant Pansies or
some of those wonderfully col-
ored Spencer Sweet Peas?

Did some of the seed you
planted, with great expectations,
fail you?

Why not send right now for
our 1913 Garden Guide, and
run through it?

It is full of ideas.

There is no element of chance
on the seed, for they are abso-
lutely first quality selected.

Lots of the varieties are prize
winners seed from which we
have on hand.

They're all shown in the Guide.

Shall we send it?

ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON

334 West 14th St.

New York City

FOUN DATIOIM

CHUTE

Protects the
building just
where most
needed above
the opening
<JThe heavy
steel hopper
catches all the
coal.

Hie hopper lies in
the bottom of the
chute boily
door locks auto,
tnalically either
open or closed

Strictly burglni
proof flwnh V.

inch \viie glass or
steel panel in door

Write for circular and address
of nearest dealer.

MAJESTIC FURNACE Co

Dcpt. II. Huntington. Indiana

Following is a list of the best half
dozen house ferns : Whitmani plumed
drooping fern for pedestal or stand ; Scot-
tii Boston type, more compact growth
and shorter fronds than "Boston" ; Schol-
zeli plumed sort for tables or use with
other plants ; Adiantum Crowcanum best
maidenhair to withstand the hardships of
house culture ; Pteris Childsii most beau-
tiful of all the "spider" ferns; C. Roch-
fordianum the crested Holly fern ; the
best of the decorative heavy foliaged ferns.

The Way the Architect Works
(Continued -from page 25)

Now, let us consider the sub-division of
the arrangements and go over it piece-
meal with an eye to the minor conveniences
which are not necessarily a matter of
money but of foresight, and which one
may just as well have right as wrong.

Considering the exterior first, there is
hardly any one thing that will do so much
for the homelike cottage character of a
house as setting it low on the ground.
The majority of houses would be helped
fifty per cent, if they had their under-
pinning knocked out and were dropped
down so that the turf came just under the
woodwork. The Philistine who would
sacrifice everything for his light cellar is
gradually being converted to the idea that
the joy to be had from a flood of light in
his cellar is more than offset by the pleas-
ure that he and his family and the rest
of the world get from the added attrac-
tiveness of his whole place. Nor is it apt
to leave him in darkness. He may have as
many area windows as he pleases and
probably, unless the line is absolutely level,
he may have some full windows. The
owner should early learn that building is
a series of compromises and he must con-
stantly give up the less important for the
more. It is in wise judgment in these mat-
ters that the success of the whole lies.

The matter of piazzas and sleeping
porches . is a troublesome one. A cov-
ered piazza, means the shutting out from
the rooms behind of a great portion of sun,
light and air. On the other hand, the use-
fulness of an uncovered piazza has its
limitations, not only in its exposure to
the sun and rain but to the impossibility of
its being screened. An awning stretched
over a pipe frame is often used as a com-
promise roof to be removed in the winter
when the piazza is not in use and the sun
most desired in the house. This is often
a happy solution of the problem as a shel-
ter from the sun in the hot summer, the
feeling of coolness and airiness being
enhanced by the lightness of the shelter.

The second floor outdoor sleeping porch
is a very difficult thing to handle satisfac-
torily; those which are hollowed out of
the body of the house and covered with
its roof are least objectionable. One piaz-
za on top of another is apt to be an ex-
crescence. It will not tie in with the

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

ORCHARDS

TO PAY

"C'OR a nominal yearly amount we
will contract to make periodical
examinations of your orchard, advis-
ing as to its condition, and the care
it needs. It puts your trees under the
advisory care of an orchard expert of
wide experience. It assures you that
what work is done is correctly done.
We detect the unnecessary work, and
develop the best means of economic-
ally executing the necessary work.

This service is more than advisory;
besides the care of the trees, it thor-
oughly embraces economies of cultiva-
tion, harvesting, packing and marketing.

Write and let us explain the details
of this valuable service and how we are
carrying it on. With our answer will be
mailed a valuable little booklet, "Trees
The Care They Should Have."

Munson Whitaker Co.

Forest Engineers

New York : 823 Fourth Ave. Bldg.
Boston : : : 623 Treraont Bldg.
Chicago : 513 Commercial Bank Bldg.

McCRAY REFRIGERATORS

Active cold air circulation Sanitary lining!.

Send for Catalogue.

McCRAY REFRIGERATOR COMPAUY,
393 Lake St., Kendallville, Ind.

Livingston's Tomatoes

are valued by all friends of this fruit as the choicest
procurable. For sixty years we have bred tomatoes
for yield and quality and our new "globe" shaped
sorts are as near perfection as anything evolved. Of
ideal shape with solid meat of finest flavor, they stand
unsurpassed.

Trial Packet of Livingston'* "Globe" Illustrated
below (enough seeds for 250 plants) lOc. postpaid

Useful 130 page Catalog CD 17 17
and Tomato Booklet rl\t,H,

Nearly 300 illustrations from photographs and
honest description make the catalog one of the most
reliable seed books published. "Tomato Facts" ex-
plains why we are the leaders in the tomato line.
Both books are free. May we send copies to you?

The Livingston Seed Co
185 High Street

COLUMBUS
OHIO

JANUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

Trinidad Lake asphalt

For real endurance

You who really want your
roof waterproof to stay water-
proof get

THE TRINIDAD-LAKE-ASPHALT

Trinidad Lake asphalt is "Nature's
everlasting waterproofer," and we use
it to make Genasco.

Mineral or smooth surface. Ask
your dealer for Genasco. Write us
for the Good Roof Guide
Book and samples free.
I The Kant-leak Kleet, for
' smooth-surface roofings,
does away with cement in
laps, and prevents nail-
leaks.

The Barber Asphalt Paving Company

Largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready roofing in tie world.
Philadelphia, New York* San Francisco, Chicago

Smoky Fireplaces

Made to Draw

Payment Conditional on Success

FREDERIC N.WHITLEY E ? 1 jrcl 1 , n r <1

210 Fulton Street; Brooklyn, N. Y.

Heating Ventilating Air Filtration

Plant Green's
Sure-Grow Fruit
and Ornamental Trees

Apple, peach, pear, plum, quince and cherry trees 500,000
for sale at wholesale prices ! Shapely, well branched,
clean, healthy, hardy, Northern grown, and all full bear-
ers. 160,000 of these are fine apple trees. Read Green's

500,000

FOR SALE

Make excellent shade trees for country estates. Berry
plants, vines, roses and shrubs. All at one-half usual
prices. We have no solicitors, but give our customers
the saving of agents' commissions. A reliable, well-
known nursery of 34 years' experience.

guarantee trees true to name

Green's Trees

This BOOK FREE

This Interesting
booklet, free on re-
.S quest. Contains valuable
f/advice and experiences with
fruits and flowers that every
F grower should read. Ask for
' a copy of Green's 1913 Catalog,
also FREE.

. GREEN'S NURSERY CO ,
10 Wall Bt ., Rochester, N. Y

Thirty
Years

Flowers

house ; it will "float" and not look organic.

Another feature that is often detrimen-
tal to the outside appearance is the use of
dormer windows. A plain roof, unbroken
is usually to be preferred, and if the space
requirements in the third floor make dor-
mers necessary, it is well to keep them on
the back of the house, if possible. So
much for the exterior; now let us consider
some of the crucial points in our interior
arrangement.

In the first place, the height of our
ceilings is best kept down not over eight
feet six inches. It not only tends to make
rooms look larger but gives a sense of cozi-
ness that is well worth having. If we get
the height under eight feet, and beam our
ceilings, we must, however, be careful
to avoid a heavy look. The beams should
not be given too much depth or be too
close together.

The horizontal feeling which results
from a beam ceiling has a very subtle
value of its own, and it is well to carry
out the horizontal note in other ways.
The tops of the bookcases, the paneling
(if \ve have any) and mantel shelf are
often made to line. An agreeable height
for such a division is sometimes taken as
two-thirds of the height of the room and
a little more than half is found to be an
attractive division. Exactly half would
be very unfortunate, as neither the band
above or below would predominate.

The feeling against casement windows
is passing as it should. The idea that
they are not tight never was true, less
now than ever with the introduction of
the metal weather strip. Care must be
taken, however, with casements that open
in, as it is harder to make them tight
against the elements. The attractiveness
of casement windows needs no plea, and
they are a great aid to the designer, as
the unit of light and air being small, can
be more accurately apportioned to his
needs. If casements are used with small
sash over them, care must be taken that
the transom bar does not come on a line
with the eye. With the third floor win-
dows, the tops will very often have to be
lower than the eye. While this is unfor-
tunate, it is not as objectionable here, as
one naturally looks down.

When casements open out, our awnings
must be specially arranged, and blinds or
shutters can only be used with patent
closers operated from within, and then
they cannot be locked from the outside.
This is well to consider in summer houses
where windows have to be shuttered up
for the winter.

Screens may either be hinged and
opened in or the roller screen which is
now coming into the market may be used.
If our casements are lead, we must be
careful not to slam our windows, as we
will bulge the canes as the leads are
called.

A new casement has recently come into
the market, hinged in pairs to each other
and pivoted at top and bottom in a slot
so that the pairs (there may be several
such in one window) may not only open

The Most Complete
Nursery Stock
in America

World renowned Fruit
Trees, Vines and Plants
and Ornamental Trees,
Shrubs, Evergreens, Flow-
ers, Rosesand Hardy Plants.
All perfecttlirough scientific
propagation and expert cul-
ture. Superb collections
adapted to large or small gar-
dens, private estates, public
parks and cemeteries.

73 years of leadership, based on
absolute integrity. A world-wide
patronage. Every specimen is true
to species, is well rooted and
sturdily developed, and is packed
and shipped with utmost care.
Both large and small orders receive
close attention, and our reputation as-
sures your satisfaction. Goods safely
delivered in all parts of the world.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurseries

Box A 20, Rochester, N. Y.

/VA INVALUABLE FREE BOOK

Write for a copy of
our 73rd Annual
Catalogue. It is a
standard guide in
all matters per-
taining to lawn

and garden dec

oration. IT IS

FREE. Just

mail us a
postal, and we
will fend you
a copy at once.

Roses, Plants, Seeds

! Bulbs, Vines,

Shrubs, etc., by

mail, postpaid. Safe
arrival and satisfac-
tion guaranteed. 59
years of fair dealing.
Hundreds of carloads of
Fruit and Ornamental
Trees. 1.200 acres, 60 In
hardy roses none better
grown. 47 greenhouses of Palms. Ferns, Begonias, Gerani-
ums, etc. Immense stock of Superb Cannas, the queen ot
beddinsr plants. Large assortment of hardy Perennial Plants.
Which last for years. 168-page Catalog FREE. Send for it Today.

T HE STORKS & HARRISON CO., Box 25, Paineivillc, Ohio

Id writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

Roofed with Flrepioof Asbestos "Century" Shingles. Last
forever. Never require paint.

THE demand for Asbestos "Century"
Shingles is growing enormously.
Two Hundred Million of these
Shingles are sold every year the total
number in use reaches very well toward
the Two Billion mark.

You will find Asbestos "Century"
Shingles on every type of building in
America and Europe. Ask your repre-
sentative roofers for them. Write us for
booklet, "Roofing: A Practical Talk."

KEASBEY & MATTISON CO., Factors

Dept. C., Ambler, Pa.
Branch Offices In Principal
Cities of the United States

Landscape Gardening

A course for Homemakers amd
Gardeners taught by Prof. Cri
and Prof. Beal of Cornell Ui-
versity.

Gardeners who umderatand up-
to-date methods and practice are
in demand for the best position!.

A knowledge of Landscape
Gardening is indispensable to
those who would lave the pleu-
antest homes.

250 pa*. Catalog frtt. Writ* to-day.

THE BONE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL

Dept. 226, Springfield, Mass.

THIS picture was
taken from a
PHOTO sent us
by a pleased Customer
who had flowered the
Lily of the Valley Pips
in our prepared MOSS-
FIBER. You can have
them JUST AS
FINE. It takes only
21 to 24 days to have
them in full flower from
day of planting.

You can SEE THEM
GROW from day to
day, until the mass of
deliciously scented sil-
ver bells nod amongst
the bright green foliage. We furnish DELIVERY paid

6 Valleys and Fiber to grow them $ .38

12 " " ' ' .SO

25 " " " " " " 1.00

FULL DIRECTIONS HOW TO GROW VALLEYS
with every order. Our 1913 garden book will be ready
January 15th. It will contain full lists of all Novelties in
Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Bulbs. Plants, etc. RARE
IMPORTS from Japan. It will be profusely illustrated
and well worth sending for. IT IS FREE. SEND FOR
IT AT ONCE. Address

H. H. Berger & Co.

70 Warren Street :: :: New York

and shut but slide from end to end, so
doing away with any vertical muntin.

The French window, which is only a
larger casement, is usually best swung in.
If swung out, its size makes it difficult to
secure against the wind and the inside
finish is exposed to the weather. This
may be made tight by the use of various
patent weather strips.

Another point that the houses-builder
should consider is that of wiring his house
heavily enough to take not only his elec-
tric lights but the various electric house-
hold appliances which are fast becoming
popular. The tendency of the price of
current to come down plainly indicates that
much more of our work in the near future
will be done by electricity than we have
been able to afford in the past. Nor must
he forget to decide whether or no he will
install the necessary piping for a vacuum
cleaning apparatus. This may be cheaply
done when the house is built, and the nec-
essary outlets placed in the baseboards
where desired ; the pipe concealed in the
walls and coming through the cellar ceil-
ing where it will be left until the owner
is ready to attach his motor.

As chimneys are expensive, it is often
possible to combine a fireplace with the
kitchen flue. If the kitchen is not directly
behind the dining-room, we may easily
run a small pipe through the china closet,
being careful to keep it away from wood-
work.

In locating the fireplaces, we must be
careful to avoid draughts, as there will
always be a current of air passing up the
flue, and if the fireplace is placed too near
a hall door, it will prove annoying.

We shall do well to remember that with
our third floor fireplace the great problem
is bringing up the wood, and we should
plan for a wood box. A built-in seat hav-
ing a cover to lift may often be arranged.
The same thing holds good for the first
floor, and here we may have either the
bottom of our box so that it can be filled
from the cellar or a small wood elevator
worked by hand in the cellar may come up
into some such space. A cupboard behind
paneling is often utilized for this purpose.
Another useful arrangement in connec-
tion with a chimney is the utilization of
the space that is often found in a chimney
breast above the mantel. Small book
shelves, cupboards, etc., may be worked
in here to advantage.

That part of the kitchen chimney below
the first floor and which is merely a shell
of brick surrounding a hollow space is
sometimes utilized as a sort of automatic
ash sifter. The ash pit of the range has
an opening directly under the grate con-
nected to a sloping pipe. The ashes drop
directly into this hole and slide into the
top of the chimney space at one end. In-
side of this chamber is placed a wire screen
of one-half-inch mesh sloped at about
forty-five degrees from just under the en-
tering ash pipe at the top to near the bot-
tom at the other side. As the ashes slide
down over this, the dust falls through and
accumulates at the bottom, while the larger

Smith and His Wife
and Their Evenings

How She Helped Cut Out
Overtime at the Office

Young Mrs. Tom Smith thought her
husband had to work entirely too hard.
It worried her.

Night after night, Tom had to go back to his
desk. Frequently on Sundays, too.

He was the "Statistics Man" of a small but

?row'ing company, and the eye-straining, brain-
agging work with figures, records and details
was telling on him.

Besides, he and she were cheated out of their
evenings together.

Well, one day Mrs. Tom read in a magazine
about a time-work-and-worry-saving business ma-
chine.

And straightway she saw it would cut out the
night-work which was robbing Tom of his rest
and recreation.

It seemed to her a wonderful machine. For it
did work which she had supposed only man's
brains could do.

It added, multiplied, subtracted and divided.

It added dollars and cents, or feet and inches,
or pounds and ounces, or fractions, or anything.

And it was mechanically impossible for the
machine to make a mistake.

It was the Burroughs Adding and Listing Ma-
chine.

And sent to any office on free trial.
Mrs. Tom could hardly wait to tell Tom.

He knew of the "Burroughs" but said the busi-
ness wasn't "Big enough." Besides, he hadn't
the say-so."

But Mrs. Tom was determined to "emancipate"
her husband.

So, taking matters in her own hands, while he
was at the office one day, she wrote the manu-
facturers for their book, "A Better Day's Profits"
telling them to send it to Tom's firm.

Well, the book came, addressed to the com-
pany and went to the Boss's desk. It wasn't a
catalog but a business book so unusual, so full
of new profit-producing ways of doing things,
that it set the gentleman thinking.

And the free, fair trial, which put it up to
the machine to make good, appealed to the busi-
ness-sense of the Boss.

The Burroughs is now a prized "assistant" in
that office at work every day.

No more night-work in that office.
Any firm, no matter how small, may have a
free, fair trial of the Burroughs.

Burroughs Adding Machine Co.

10 Burroughs Block, Detroit, Michigan

Samson Spot Clothes Line

SOLID BRAIDED COTTON
Strong, Durable, Flexible

Will not kink, stretch, ravel, nor stain the
clothes. Guaranteed to last at least five years,
even when permanently exposed to the weather.
Can be distinguished at a glance by our trade-
mark, The Spot* on the Cord.

Stn4 for tomplt. Carried by all dealers, or write if *.
SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, BOSTON, MASS.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDE*.

JANUARY, 1913

I HOUSE AND GARDEN

pieces which do not pass through collect
at the lower end, where they are taken out
periodically and reburnt. If one's range
is not near enough to the chimney the
ashes may be taken out of the range in
the usual manner and poured down a
trap door in the right location. If the
chimney is not found suitable, this sifting
may also be done by using a galvanized
iron chute instead of the chimney, in which
case the ash may empty directly into one
barrel, the coal into another ; sifted and
ready to be removed, without having been
touched, or any dust had a chance to
escape.

Among other labor-saving devices about
the kitchens that have proved their worth
are the plate warmer in the china closet.
This may be either a small radiator which
will also heat the closet or an electric or
gas appliance. The radiator connected to
the house heating plant is the simplest and
least expensive, but only serviceable while
the heat is on.

The china closet may also contain a
safe, but if this is large we must remem-
ber its weight and provide for it.

There are innumerable contrivances and
arrangements that may be inculcated into
the plans for their betterment, but one of
the very surest ways of getting the most
satisfactory result is a very lavish expen-
diture of .time. Go to your architect in
season, so that you will have plenty of
time to mull over all the arrangements
and rearrangements and re-rearrange-
ments, so that you may feel sure that the
final layout is the very best possible one,
all things considered, and so rest content
and immune from what we are told is the
saddest of all words.

Inside the House
(Continued from page 43)
pies only a small amount of floor space,
while in the average bathroom the wall
space that it takes would most likely be
turned over to one large window.

For the Butler's Pantry

AMONG the noticeable features of a
recently completed house at Garden
City, Long Island, is a rather new and de-
cidedly practical form of the radiator that
is furnished with a compartment for keep-
ing dishes warm. Radiators of this descrip-
tion were originally designed for use in
the dining-room, and in each was a com-
partment with one or two shelves and a
door, constructed so that plates and even
dishes of food could be kept hot indef-
initely.

The newer scheme, as shown in the il-
lustration, is the placing of the compart-
ment radiator in the butler's pantry in-
stead of the dining-room. The radiator
is directly in front of the window, in what
is generally conceded to be the best posi-
tion for heating a room to good advantage.

When you buy LUMBER, say"CYPRESS"-&

when you build

v--_ ^*

NOW'STHETIME OF HAPPY PLANNING

for the NEW HOME -BUILDING THE SPRINGTIME.

NOW'S THE TIME TO BE STUDYING
The CYPRESS POCKET LIBRARY

We do not ad vise CYPRESS for all uses, but only where it can proveitself." the one best wood" for your use

35 VOLUMES

(all authoritative.)
including many
FREE PLANS.

SEND NAME AT ONCE
FOR VOLUME ONE

with complete U. S. Govt. Kept,
and full list of other volumes.

IYou don't tell your broker; "Buy $10,000 of
Railway stocks!" Hardly! You tell him what.
2 You don't simply tell your Real Estate agent;
"Buy me 'some land'!" You tell him where.

3
4

You don ' t tell the dry goods clerk :" I want 8yds.
of doth!" You say "silk," "wool" or "linen."
You don't merely order "200head of livestock!"
You specify Horses, Cattle, etc. ,and ifie Breed.

5 You don't tell the contractor: "Build me a house! and paint it!" You dictate the plans. And the colors.
WHY NOT BUY LUMBER WITH EQUAL CAKE? INSIST onCYPRESS "THE WOOD ETERNAL. "

When planning a Mansion. Uimgalow. Pergola.Paature-Fence ov Sleeping-Porch, romember-" With CYPRESS you. BUILD BUT ONCE."
Let our 'ALL-ROUND HELPS DEPARTMENT" help YOU. Our entire resourres are at your service with Reliable Counsel.

SOUTHERN CYPRESS MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION

1210 H1BERNIA BANK BUILDING, NEW ORLEANS. LA.

ON CYPRESS OP YOUB LOCAL LUMBER DEALER. IF HE HASN'T IT, LET US KNOW IMMEDIATELY.

Antique Metallic Leaded Clan for Casement Window*

Henderson
Brothers

Maker, of

Leaded Stained Class, Hard
Metal Settings in Brass, Copper,

Zinc and German Silver
707 First Ave., NEW YORK

All the leaded glass in the West
Point Military Academy is of this
material and furnished by us.

Attractive Bungalows

You should bare my new book "Bungalows." It's
most complete shows floor plans, Interior and Exterior
perspectives from photographs, with prices for the com-

?leted building. I guarantee to construct at prices named.
f book Isn't satisfactory In every way I'll refund your
money promptly, cheerfully. Send $1.00 for copy It'a
really worth far more. Order today.

O. S. Lang, Bungalow SptcialUt, Maple Springs, N. Y.

In tinting la advertisers please mention HOUSE AMD GAXDXN.

6 4

HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

Your Winter Trip

You will be surprised to know
how LITTLE you "need spend for
the best vacation you ever had a vaca-
tion filled with sunshine and cheery skies;
with outdoor fun and indoor comfort.

You can choose the most famous Winter
resorts, including Florida, Cuba, Porto
Rico, Mexico, Bahamas, Santo Domingo,
Texas and the Pacific Coast. You can rely
upon the most trustworthy service because you
travel in the big, splendidly equipped steamers
of the

STEAMSHIP
LINES

Write any of these four steamship lines and
they will tell you where you can go, what you
can see and what it will cost. You will also
receive several beautifully illustrated booklets
and the Winter Travel Number of the AGWI
News Magazine. A letter now will mean bet-
ter accommodations for the journey. Address

pi 1 I TO FLORIDA, calling at Charles-
Hy QC Line ton an j Jacksonville with connec-
tions for all leading Southern Resorts. "The Best
Way South."

From Pier 36, North Rioer, New York
M !!.. I ;<> TO TEXAS, all points South-

Mallory Line w( . 8l and Pacific coast ; Caives-

ton. Key West, Tampa. St. Petersburg and Mobile.
Only route New York to Texas without change.
From Pier 45, North Rioer, New York

Line

nanec

S.S. BRAZOS, 10.000 tons, and other large steamers in

Winter service. Send for booklet and information.

Genera , Offices, 1 1 Broadway, New York

Ward Line T , BAHA MAS (Nassau), Havana
" drU ""* and Isle of Pines, Cuba, Mexico and
Yucatan, with rail connections to all important in-

terior cities. Write for booklets

General Offices, Pier 14, East Ricer, New York

DISTRICT PASSENGER OFFICES

BOSTON-192 Washington St. NEW YORK ^90 Broadway CHICAGO-444 Com Nat'l Bank Bide

PHILADELPHIA- 701 ChMtnat St. WASHINGTON 1306 F St., N. W.

Convenient Sanitary
With our Extension Stem

No stooping to turn heat on or off

Our patent wood wheel with
door-knob finish is made to
match the trim of room no
plates or screws to catch dust
or burn the hands when turning.
Can be installed without aid
of a mechanic.

WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULAR

J. O'MEARA, Inc.

103 Walker St., N. Y.

Mud. snow, dust and dirt will not b
tracked over your floors if you uso

Grab's Foot Scraper

Outside your door. The only de-
vice made which cleans bot-
toms and sldoa of shoe la
one operation. HOB tea
parallel plates for scrap*
ing soles and two stiff
bristle brushes which
clean aides of shoe.

AUTOMATICALLY
ADJUSTS ITSELF

Over
500,000
in use

twept onder. Fastens to doorstep or any handy place. Gotona
nd Gave uaeleflf work. Price $1.00. It Jour denier will not
upply you. don't take sndstitate. baft eend your order direct to
o< Illustrated folder FREE lint S

Victor M. Grab & Co., 121 Ashland Block. Chicago. III.

to ny Ifze shoe. Band"
otnely enameled.' .Look*
Beat. Can be rotated and

and the compartment is large enough to
be thoroughly useful, occupying as it does
about half the cubic space of the entire
radiator. There are three shelves inside,
so that a number of dishes or plates can
be kept warm at the same time.

Another decided advantage of this use-
ful addition to the butler's pantry is the
marble shelf placed over the top of the
radiator. This is quite broad, and as it
retains the heat it serves as a most con-
venient resting place for dishes that must
be kept hot after they are taken from the
kitchen.

Garden Suggestions and Queries

(Continued from page 45)
as to insure better fruit. Currants are
produced on wood two or more years old
and therefore any branches cut should be
removed after the first season's growth,
or else left for several years. Grapes are
pruned according to the system by which
they are grown. For best results the vines
should be kept back to two to four "arms,"
and these cut back, at the winter pruning,
to eight or ten buds or eyes. Where, how-
ever, the vines have been trained over an
arch or arbor, the best way is to cut back
all the laterals to two to four eyes each
winter. This may seem severe treatment
but the new shoots grow with almost in-
credible rapidity, and the fruit will be 100
per cent, better than if a jungle of old
vines and an over-burden of fruit are
left, for a grape vine left to itself will set
about four times the amount of fruit
it can carry through in any kind of shape.
The great advantage of winter spraying
is that much stronger solutions may be
used than in the summer. Lime-sulphur
wash has long been a standard winter
spray, but preparations of miscible oils
are yearly rinding greater favor and are
less trouble for the home orchardist to ap-
ply. Full directions for use come with the
various spraying preparations, and it will
hardly pay the person with only a few
trees to mix his own materials. Remem-
ber that the efficiency of spraying will de-
pend wholly providing you have a good
solution upon the thoroughness with
which it is done. Many plant enemies, in-
cluding the San Jose scale, multiply so
rapidly that if any considerable percentage
of them escape there will be practically
no benefit from the operation of spraying.
Be sure that every inch of bark on limbs
and twigs is covered. Where one has but
a few trees this is most easily done by
going over them twice, in opposite direc-
tions ; using the style of spray nozzles
known as "goose-neck" will also be of
great advantage, as by a turn of the wrist
the spray may be applied first from one
side and then from the other, saving the
operator a great deal of moving about.

Spraying is perhaps better understood
now than ever before, and the increased
interest in and knowledge of it on the part
of the general public is most encouraging.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

JANUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN |

That Window Problem
(Continued from page 13)
monotonous end wall. And take the first
illustration; the single second-story win-
dow, to the right, has to be widened out
with shutters, to the size of the triple
window underneath. Indeed, one wishes
that the architect of the left-hand house
at the top of page 13 had done this.

And about bay windows : do you notice
how very commonplace the front bay of
the right-hand house is? That is because
the windows do not fill the bay there's
a little wall space between. The bay in
the upper right-hand illustration on page
13 though it is badly located is, in it-
self, well designed ; the windows fill it
completely, and give it unity.

English bay windows, new and old, al-
ways have this unity ; I wish I could say
as much for all our American bays.

"These American guillotine windows
no ! I will not have them !" cried a French
client to me, the other day. "I wish case-
ments; casements such as one finds from
Calais to Constantinople ; letting in bursts
of bright sunshine and pure, health-giving
breezes !" No doubt ; but, really, I couldn't
see why the "guillotine" window ("double-
hung window" is the proper term) would
not let in just as desirable a brand of
breeze and sunshine. And, so far as mere
comfort and convenience go, the double-
hung window ranks high. I have both
sorts in my own home ; time and again
have I gathered up the wreckage of a
casement from grass plot or walk, while
my double-hung windows are as good as
new. A sudden summer gust comes up,
we rush to close the casements just a
trifle too late, an adjuster slips, the sash
flaps wildly a moment, and then - Still,
the casement is very effective; so, if you
use this sort of window, be sure to have the
very best sort of heavy bronze metal ad-
justers. Plated cast-iron is much cheaper
in first cost ; but it is always breaking at
the critical moment, and causing endless
expense and trouble. Let the hinges be
amply heavy, too; and have three hinges
to each sash. Transoms should be. hung
at the top, to swing upward and outward,
or else pivoted in the middle. Never have
casement or transom to open inward : it
is almost utterly impossible to keep rain-
water from leaking in, with such.

Double-hung windows, of course, slide
up and down, and are balanced with
weights or springs. Personally I prefer
the weights, though many architects think
springs are better. The sash cord should
be amply heavy, and very tightly woven ;
otherwise it will wear out and break in a
few years. For heavy plate-glass win-
dows we generally need lead weights (iron
is too bulky) and bronze metal chains ;
but unless these weights and chains are
expressly specified your builder will have
a right to put in an "extra" for them. Old
houses have often no provision for
weights; the windows are clumsily
propped up by sticks or some such thing.
For these, spring balances can be used.

"V"OU'VE often been embarrassed by the noisy flushing
of the bathroom closet! And the more distinguished
your guests, the more noise the closet made and it
seemed as though the water never would stop ! The answer
to this perplexing problem is the

Trenton Potteries Company

Closet

The Siwelclo was designed with but one idea to make a noiseless
yet sanitary closet. Properly install a Siwelclo in any part of the
house even in the loiuer hail it is impossible to hear it in the
next room.

Nor have beauty and durability been sacrificed. The Siwelclo has
that same lustrous glaze finish that characterizes all the Trenton
Potteries products.

The Siwelclo is made of impervious vitreous china. A texture so
compact that even without a glaze neither acids nor the red ink used
in government tests will penetrate it. The highly glazed white finish
does not crack nor peel off and is most easily kept bright and clean.
Every sanitary feature has been brought to perfection in the Siwelclo
deep water seal and thorough, perfect flush.

To those about to build or remodel the silent
features of a Siwelclo are too important to overlook.
Ask your architect or plumber about Trenton
Potteries Vitreous China and Solid Porcelain.

Send for Booklet S8

"Bath Rooms of Character. " It will prove valuable
and interesting to all who are planning to build.

The Trenton Potteries Co.
Trenton, N. J., U. S. A.

The Largest Manufacturers of Sanitary
Pottery in the U. S. A.

i l

Wilson's Outside Venetians

Used as a blind or an awning, pulled up out of sight if desired. Slats
open and close. Admit air, exclude nun. Very Durable and Artistic.
Orders should be placed NOW for Rnrinj? or Summer Delivery.

Inside Vien

Outside View.

Blind Pulled Dp.

For Piazzas and Porches.

WILSON'S BLINDS have been furnished to the houses of John P. Morgan, H. M. . Flagler, A. G. Vanderbilt. . Chas. Lamer
Mrs. R. Oambrill, Clarence Mackay. Wm. C. Whitney. J. S. Kennedy, O. Ledyard Blair, Jas. O. Colgate. O. Hamman. Jr.. and
many others. Send for VENETIAN Catalogue No. 3.

JAS. C. WILSON MFG. CO.. 1. 3 and 5 Wet 29th Street. NEW YORK

Also Inside Venetians. Porch Venetians, Rolling Partitions, Rolling Steel Shatters, Burglar nd Fireproof Steel Curtains. Wood
Block Floors.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

ISK

DEN

JANUARY, 1913

ISUN

DIALS

Any Latitude
E. B. MEYROWITZ,

A Beautiful Illustrated Booklet,
"WHERE SUN DIALS ARE
MADE," sent upon request.

Estimates furnished.

A,k far fiootM No. 4

237 Fifth Avenue, New York
Branches: New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul, London, Paris

^ Sheep's Head Brand
^ of Sheep Manure

Use It any way you choose, as a top dress-
ing, in liquid form, or mix it with the soil.
Free from weed seeds. Sheep's Head Brand
is pure sheep droppings no mixture with
other manure. Acknowledged nature's best
and richest fertilizer. We can supply you
with any quantity. Send for prices and booklet.
NATURAL GUANO COMPANY. Dept. 19. Aurora. Illinois

Double Glass Sa.sk

Not an inch from zero
but growing finely

Between the two layers of glass in

the Sunlight Double Glass Sash is an

air space 5/s of an inch in thickness

This is the secret of the complete success of
that sash everywhere for hot-beds and cold-
frames.
Above the glass winter weather zero, perhaps

Below the glass a little spot of summer
With warm earth and plants, growing as though
it were May; violets to pluck throughout the
Winter; pansies in bloom by late February; rad-
ishes and lettuce in constant supply for the table ;
cabbage, beet, tomato, pepper, melon and other
plants, properly timed, ready in the Spring to go
out of doors and make early crops.
You can have a bed like this at little cost, for

Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co.

the Sunlight Sash is complete in itself. It needs
no mats or boards. The only cover is the air
sealed between the layers of glass and this does
not have to be bought, or to be lifted on or off.
It weighs nothing and cannot even be seen ; but
a raging blizzard cannot penetrate it.

Let us tell you all about the
Sunlight Sash how you can

make Winter gardening a source g^^fet.^S.Vl Hol-Bafal
of healthful, profitable pleasure
to you.

Write at once for our catalog.
It is f* ee ~ Enclose 4C if you
want Prof. Massey's booklet on
hot-beds and cold-frames.

944 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky.

Preserving Eggs
(Continued from page 5)
lage backyard if we begin planning to do
so now. The secret is to put them away
at this time of plentitude and keep them
until the day of great need.

People who have a good cellar and sell
their eggs during the summer and fall at
twelve to fifteen cents a dozen, are making
a serious mistake. That eggs can be suc-
cessfully kept for many months by means
of the 'water glass' method has now been
well proven. Such practice is perfectly
legitimate, for the eggs keep in the best of
condition, and there is no reason why they
should not be used.

The most successful preservative is
water glass (sodium silicate) a sirupy
fluid for sale at all drug stores at prices
ranging from thirty to seventy-five cents
per gallon, depending upon how much
profit the druggist desires. To every one
part of this substance add nine parts of
water that has been well boiled and al-
lowed to cool before mixing. Thoroughly
stir the solution while it is being mixed,
and pour it over the eggs which have al-
ready been packed in an earthen or wooden
vessel. Or, the water glass solution may
be put in stone jars and the eggs added
daily as gathered. Be sure every egg is
fresh and clean, and the solution must
cover every egg all of the time. A gallon
of the water glass, properly diluted as
above directed, will be sufficient to cover
about fifty dozen eggs, which immediately
discloses the fact that the method is ex-
ceedingly inexpensive.

The jars of preserved eggs should be
kept in a cellar or other location where the
temperature does not rise above sixty de-
grees. Be careful that no eggs more than
a week old are packed, because one bad
egg in the lot will spoil all in that jar.
Also remember that infertile eggs are best
to keep a long time that is, eggs from un-
mated hens. After the mating season is
over, roosters are a dead loss on the place
anyway, for hens will lay every bit as
well without them, if not better. Besides,
infertile eggs are always preferred to fer-
tile ones for commercial purposes. So, if
possible, let a few days elapse after all
males have been kept from the flock be-
fore beginning to save eggs for preserving.
While fertile eggs may be used if absolute-
ly fresh, yet remember that infertile ones
always keep better.

If these simple instructions are observed,
there is no reason why results should not
be more than satisfactory in every way.
After packing, the eggs need no attention
whatever, and even if held for a number
of months, they should be perfectly edible.
Wipe them dry and they will not even have
the appearance of having been "pickled."

This matter of preserved eggs is espe-
cially of interest to the keeper of a small
flock. The average flock of a dozen hens
produces practically no eggs in December.
This is when the pickled eggs come in.

R. B. SANDO

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

JANUARY,

| HOUSE AND GARDEN |'

How To Paint And
Decorate Your Home

Protection and Beauty Easily Obtained
By Using Scientifically Made Paints

There are two main objects you want to achieve
when you paint your house the protection and
preservation of the exposed surfaces, and the decora-
tion of the building as a whole. Neither of these
purposes can be sacrificed ; both must be accom-
plished, and with them is the ever-present question
of economy. Today it is possible to accomplish all
three of these purposes as it never was before.

In the past there was much guess-work in the mak-
ing of paint. The painter mixed a little "pure lead
and oil," put in some turpentine, naphtha or other
"thinner" until he got it "about right," and then
applied it to the house. This was the method of our
forefathers but we do things better nowadays.

Today things are done scientifically, and the mak-
ing of "High Standard" Paint is put on an accurate
efficiency basis. Scientific tests extending over a
series of years have been made so that we know to an
absolute certainty just the kinds of materials, the
proportions of the ingredients and the methods of
combining them that give the maximum efficiency in
protection and permanent beauty.

It has been scientifically proved that paint pro-
tection depends, not so much upon the thickness of
the coat, as upon the character of the coat. "High
Standard" Paint is scientifically made to produce a
coat of greatest protecting power. Being scientifically
made, it not only gives better protection, but wears
longer than ordinary paint. The variety and beauty
of the colors assure the most attractive results.

When you paint, see that "High Standard" Liquid
Paint is used, and you will be certain to secure the
best protection, beauty and economy. For further
information and decorative ideas send for free copy
of our illustrated book, "Homes Attractive from Gate
to Garret."

For interior decoration paper has lost its favor, as
it has been shown by investigation under .scientific
authority to be unsanitary. Calcimines, water colors
and other finishes that cannot be washed are also
passing, the preference now being given to Lowe
Brothers Mellotone.

Mellotone is a very durable flat finish and is sani-
tary^ washable and fadeless. It produces most beau-
tiful effects and is not easily damaged.

For your woodwork you will find Oil Stains most
desirable, as they are very beautiful and do not fade
as do the wood dyes. Enamel is also very popular,
and can be had in either gloss or flat finish.

Further detailed information and suggestions, with
illustrations, are given in our books, "Mellotone,"
'Homes Attractive from Gate to Garret," and "Com-
mon Sense About Interiors," which may be had for
the asking, by writing us or calling on the dealer-
agent for "High Standard" Paint, Varnish, Enamel
and Stains in your community.

The "Little blue Flag" on every
can is your proof of quality

The Lowe Brothers Co.

PAIHTMAKERS VASNISHMAKERS.

464 E. Third Street, Dayton, Ohio.

Batten, New York City, Chicago, Kansas City.

The Collector's Corner
"* HERE have been appearing during
* the last year in many antique shops,
that variety of table known as gate-legged.
The number of legs may run from eight
to twenty, and there may be drawers be-
tween the middle sets of legs. These tables
came early into use, following shortly
after the cavalier and table boards. They
were being made in considerable quanti-
ties by the opening of the Seventeenth
Century, and were produced in small num-
bers till about 1850 in rural English
districts. Now again their manufacture is
being taken up, and in some of the Con-
sular Reports, these are mentioned among
the articles being made in the midland
counties for the American market being
made and sold as antiques.

The veritable English antique tables are
without exception made from oak. An
English authority on old oak says he never
saw one that was not made of this wood.
The old ones are of course very dark,
heavy and put together with wooden pins ;
the drawers overlap and the handles are
the old bail or drop fastened in with wire.
The wood need not necessarily be English
oak, for please remember that Virginia
oak in log and mast was one of our best
export commodities very early in our
history.

The turning on the legs of these tables

A gate-legged table of mahogany, probably
of American Colonial manufacture

varies too, those with twist legs being the
most highly esteemed. The top was com-
monly of the same material as the legs,
and they were convenient tables, since
when not in use they could fold up and
be set against the wall. The feet to these
tables vary considerably. They may be
the ball foot or some of its variations, they
may be the Dutch foot, or they may even
have the grooving seen on the Spanish
foot. Like the overlapping drawer, the
style of handle and the wood, the fost is
somewhat indicative of the age of the
piece. The table shown is of mahogany
with mahogany legs and put together with
wooden pegs. Its proportions are odd, for
it measures barely twenty-five inches high,
and stools must have been used to sit at
it with any degree of comfort. It is proba-
bly of American manufacture, because of
the wood of which it was made. Before
1700 tables of this pattern were made at
Philadelphia, one of the great furniture
centers, of maple, of walnut and of button-

How to Install
Your Own Modern
Heating System

Save all cost of skilled labor. Save on
all material. Increase the value of your
property. Make your home more comfortable.
Save money on all improvements. Post yourself on
the new Gibbons practical method. Every detail
explained in my big, new book. Every home, even
the smallest cottage can now have running water
and a modern heating plant. My book explains
how you can afford these comforts and luxuries.
Send for this valuable book and get it post-paid, free.

Gibbons' New Method My great book
Practical, Economical rto

heating plant or your own water system. New
money-saving method. Steam or hot water heating
plants. You can easily install one of my modern
heating plants from the complete plans and instruc-
tions furnished to you free. Churches, halls and
schools can have these improvements at a low cost.
My free book explains all. Write for it today.

Modern Bath Room

Install your own plumbing system and
have all the comforts arid advantages of

running water. The practical Gibbons method en-
ables you to have neat, modern bath-room and save
all heavy plumbing bills. You get guaranteed
material and you save on everything. My book
proves this to you. Write for this book today.

Save On All My method for saving on all
M t r i a I materials is a revelation even
to the most experienced con-
tractors and builders. Get this free book and see
for yourself. My amazing low prices will prove to
you my method is a blessing to every builder and
home owner. Before you build, before you make
any improvements get my valuable book. It is
post-paid^free to you Send for it today.

Book Free

My new book gives you greater buying power than
your local dealer. It is for you the most valuable

catalog ever issued. Thousands of things illustrated and priced.
Hot water and steam heating plants, gasoline engines, hydraulic
rams, pipes, pumps, valves, electric lighting plants, acetylene
lighting plants, all accessories. Everything guaranteed the ^
highest quality at direct, bed-rock bottom prices. j

Send Coupon S? t *

Fill out the coupon now and mail it today or copy f Book

it on a post-card or letter and send it without * CoUDOFl
delay. Home owners ..contractors and build- J
era need my wonderful book. Fill out and f \m i /-"LL
send coupon and you will get my book ^ [VI . J . (j 1 1) i) OH S
post-paid, free. Writt tod.y. f Dept. 5675

M. J. GIBBONS

Dept. 5675 j
DAYTON

OHIOJ'

Addro.

Ohio

Dear Sir: Please send me copy

/" ot your new book explaining how
to install modern plumbing, heating
^ and lighting systems. Also your
bed-rock bottom prices on material.
Send all post-paid free to me.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GAEDEH.

HOUSE AND GARDEN

1913

wood, walnut being used as late as 1795 in
Philadelphia and quoted as somewhat less
in price than mahogany. A table similar
to this, once the property of Sir William
Johnson, so great a figure in the Mohawk
Valley, is shown at the Albany Historical
Society. It too is of mahogany.

mfc

Although of moderate tan. the ftxturet thawn in the tthove illuttration
art of tolid fortetain throughout including the cistern truer the flout.

Compare the cost of plumbing fixtures with the
total cost of your building. Then realize the actual
value that well-designed, durable bathroom equip-
ment will add to its total value in future to say
nothing of added comfort, or saving in repairs.

On this basis of true economy Mott's Plumbing
Fixtures deserve first consideration in your specifica-
tions and estimates.

WHEN BUILDING WRITE FOR THIS BOOK. Every form of bathroom
equipment is illustrated and described in "Modern Plumbing" an 80-page
book, showing 24 model interiors, ranging in price from $73 to $3,000. Sent
on request with 4c for postage.

BRANCHES? Boston. Chi-

THE]. L. MOTT IRON WORKS

18X8 EIGHTY-FIVE YEARS SUPREMACY 191S

FIFTH AVENUE AND SEVENTEENTH ST., NEW YORK

WORKS AT TRENTON, N. J.

neapolis, Washington, St. Louis
New Orleans, Denver. San Fran
cisco, San Antonio, A t ) a n ta
Seattle, Portland (Ore.), Indian
apolis, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, O,
Kansas City, Salt Lake City.
CANADA: The Molt Co. .Ltd..
H4 Bleary Sf -- Montreal. Onr.

Have earned a reputation
for honest value and reliability
during 110 years of suc-
cessful business growth.

Our 1913 catalog will have some

special features of interest to

all who "Farm" and "Garden."

A postal will bring it.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.

no years in business in New York City
33 Barclay Street - . New York

The Berry "Hobby"
Pays Its "Keep"

When the need of change
makes Itself felt, turn your ener-
gies luto the Berry-growing chan-
nels. It will cost little and the
right berries will yield a big
jrofit, even on small space.

Get the 1913 Berrydale Book.

It will be your guide to pleasure and profit. De-
scribes Macatawa, the new hardy blackberry with
the largest berries known, Giant Himalaya and
many other berries. Contains valuable Berry in-
formation. Write today a postal for a copy.
A. MITTINC, Berry Specialist

BERRYDALE EXPERIMENT GARDENS

Hoiue Ave., Holland, Mich.

The Kind of a Roof for Your House

(Continued from page 16)
old work the slate was perfectly graded
so that each course was yfc" narrower or
less than the course below, with a result
that was not discernible to the eye, except
in its' resulting effect, which made the
roof seem to slope easily and beautifully
from the eaves to the ridge with a long,
soft, easy line, and unconsciously gratified
the eye of even the untrained observer.
Abroad, slate is used in much more irreg-
ular and picturesque ways than in America.

With slate, galvanized iron or copper
nails should be used. In the personal ex-
perience of the writer it has generally been
found that the slight difference existing
between the cost of galvanized iron and
the copper nail is well worth insisting upon
the latter. The flashings too should be of
copper, as only that material will approach
the lasting qualities of the slate. Lead for
counter flashing in certain locations can
also be employed, provided it is heavy
enough and provided also that the users
can guarantee its chemical properties. In
passing it may be stated that the same
thing is generally true of other modern
metals, especially tin.

Let us next take up the question of roof-
ing tile, another material as durable as, if
not more so than slate, to which the same
general statement as to flashing and nail-
ing also applies, save that here copper
nails are always the best without any ques-
tion. The selection of tile for a roof
should be undertaken only after the most
careful consideration and thought, because
it is much more difficult to secure it in the
sizes and shapes best suited to buildings
of various types or sizes. Whereas slates
come commercially of a size that is imme-
diately available for the ordinary dwelling,
this is not true of tile, which is generally
made overlarge and so crude in scale as
to prohibit beinp used on the small struc-
ture. A tile generally known as "shingle
tile" has the smallest texture of unit when
used upon the roof of the small house, and
yet these tiles happen to be generally
among the most expensive to lay and buy,
and also on acount of their construction
among the most difficult to take out and
replace when such an act becomes neces-
sary or advisable. The beauty of the old
tile roofs in Spain, Italy and France comes
from the wide variety of color ; often the
tiles are as yellow as the strongest ochre
pigments. At other times they are the pur-

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

JANUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

plish red of ox blood and they run the
entire variety of shades in between, pinks,
oranges, light red, dark red, browns of all
shades, and often all these colors may be
found upon the same roof. Without going
into the question of the trade names of
the various shapes of tile which it might
be stated are always those that do not
suggest the history or original purpose of
the tile there is a tile used in Italy and
Spain, for instance, which in section is an
"S" shape. When laid upon the roof this
gives a number of gutters which run up
and down the slope separated by some
swelling curving ridges in between. In
these countries these tiles are sufficiently
tight to suit the purpose of the inhabitants.
But roofs in these countries do not have
to withstand the vigorous winters that
occur in the northern part of this conti-
nent ; and the old tile roofs are rendered
considerably tighter than is possible in
new construction by the large deposits of
dirt and debris that cumber the roof, both
on top of and beneath the tile, left there
during years of its age. Various other
details, many of which are too technical
to undertake to explain in an article of this
sort, also account for the difference in ap-
pearance between the old Spanish-Italian
roofs and their modern imitations. The
old tiles were of an irregularity of shape
that would not be accepted by any owner
of a modern house. Where, for instance,
in the S-shaped tiles, the ends of the tiles
were left open on the eaves to catch an ir-
regular waving line of shadow along the
gutter, often modern tiles, imitating them
in shape, carefully fill up this space as to
lose much of the sparkle and brilliancy that
gave the effect of the original. When ir-
regularity of color is desired, the contrary
is often obtained at considerable expense
by artificial process of spraying, that is
about as unsatisfactory as can be imag-
ined.

Tile should never be employed on a
house with walls clap-boarded, or shingled
in wood, as it invariably appears over
heavy for the construction beneath. On a
plaster house it seems more possible. On
a_ brick, cement or stone house this mate-
rial is always appropriate, provided that a
proper scale is kept in mind from the be-
ginning, and insisted upon by the designer.
As a rule, the rough Spanish or Italian
shapes are crude and large for any house
except one of unusual size ; and the ridges
and lines they form along the roof are
much more "nervous" than the simple hori-
zontal emphasis to be obtained by the use
of shingle tile, or some of the larger plain
flat shapes that are made.

Abroad, tiling is laid up in all sorts of
various ways, with lines sloping diagon-
ally up and down the roof, around curv-
ing valleys and cheeks of dormers, and
over rolling roof ridges. This sort of
work is particularly to be found in Ger-
many, northern Italy, and some of the old
Austrian work; and modern German
craftsmen are beginning to revive these
picturesque, irregular methods of tile-
laying.

<I A very effective feature in the bath room is a recess bath with
shower arrangement. These baths can be had in either porcelain or
enameled iron, and the balance of the bath room fixtures to match,
so that the ensemble will be pleasing and harmonious.

{f We offer you the experience of our knowledge and perfect work-
manship of over 58 years in each article we manufacture. Goods
bearing "Wolff's" guarantee label and "Wolff's" trademark are a
positive assurance against dissapointment, dissatisfaction and loss.

L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING COMPANY

PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY

The one line that's complete Completely made by us.

GENERAL OFFICES: /""I Ilf 1 A C* f~\ SHOWROOMS:

601-627 W. LAKE STREET V<HIW\VJJ 1 1 1 N. DEARBORN STREET

BRANCHES

DENVER. COLO.
DALLAS. TEX.
CLEVELAND. OHIO

TRENTON. N. J. OMAHA. NEBR.

ROCHESTER. N. Y. ST. LOUIS. MO.

CINCINNATI. OHIO KANSAS CITY. MO.

SALT LAKE CITY. UTAH

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
WASHINGTON. D. C.
SAN FRANCISCO. CAL.

Has all food compartments of One Piece of Solid
Porcelain (earthen) Ware an inch or more thick with
rounded edges and corners ; without Joints, Cracks
or Sharp Corners. Fired at about 2500 of heat for ten
days. Practically Unbreakable. Made just like the finest
china dish. The Sanitary permanence of the pure white
surface; the durability, the added insulation these afford
in connection with our five inch thick walls the _
smooth solid oak case and other patented and p
exclusive features are why the Tettenborn
Solid Porcelain Refrigerator is the only perm- I
anently sanitary the most economical and the one y
which will give a life time of most satisfactory P
service. Made in all sizes. Special ones to order. AJ

SEND FOR CATALOGUE 113 TETTENBORN & CO. CINCINNATI ESTABLISHED 1867

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

A. P. Paints
Flatlan Interior Wall Finish

This paint can be washed and it will not be injured. It always
presents the same uniform velvet finish, and for the walls and
ceilings of Offices, Hospitals, Schools, Private Houses, etc., there
is no superior paint made.

No mark of the brush is visible on the finished surface.

When washed the wall presents the appearance of a newly
painted surface.

Architects will save their clients money and trouble by specifying

FLATLAN WALL PAINTS

Write for booklet, Color Card and information.

103 Park Avenue
New York

Atlas Paint Co.

Nashville
Tenn.

. ! ARLET GLOBE RADISH

READY FOR TABLE IN 20 DAYS

* sat l wL 1 ssri e p 4? s nd 1? n , d s

r PLAHI STORE'S SEEDS AT MY EXPENSE

I will send you 50 cents' worth of seeds
credit slip good for 25 cents on TOOT next
cen^' "rl? ' V -, 1913 et*log-*U for 25

Blend of finest French. Mail 25
cents today and get seeds,
credit slip and catalog. Cata-
log alone FREE.

I Walter P. Stokes. Dept. 133, 219 Market St., Phila., Pa.

Sketch of the Fireplace de-
.signcd and erected by us in
the studio of J. C. Leyen-
decker, Esq., New York.

We have a splendid
collection of Fireplaces,
modeled in Pompeian
Stone. Original designs
promptly and carefully
followed.

Our large illustrated Catalogue
K. full of home and garden orna-
ment suggestions, sent free.

THE ERKINS STUDIOS

The Largest Manufacurers

of Ornamental Stone
226 Lexington Aye., New York

Factory: Astoria, L. I.

New York Selling Agents

Ricceri Florentine Terra Cotti

It seems unnecessary at this time to
discuss the question of metal tile. These
merely imitate the real tile shapes and,
except where particular copper color tones
impossible to be obtained in tile are de-
sired as a part of the color scheme, there
seems little reason to advocate their use.
Under most conditions they are more ex-
pensive, and have not the permanency of
the true tile although, of course, the life
of the roof should exceed more than one
generation. They can in some cases also
be obtained in slightly smaller sizes, giving
a different scale from the clay shapes, but
the variety of color that makes the beauty
of clay-burned production is not to be ob-
tained in the metal units. It should be
stated that tile can be manufactured with
glazed or dull color in combinations that,
particularly in a dull soft green, are some-
times very attractive.

We come now to the asbestos shingle
and other productions of that type, of
which a great many are now being manu-
factured in different sections of the coun-
try. The chief advantage is in the fire-
proof qualities and lack of weight. The
same considerations apply as were spoken
of in regard to slate. Variety in color
should be sought if possible, and the units
should be laid to get the effect of texture
as spoken of in the same connection. Look
for the thickest types.

For flat roofs, in country locations, near
the seashore or away from those centres
where tar and gravel materials and work-
men skilled in their application can easily
be obtained or transported, canvas roofing,
cluck of proper thickness and properly
laid, makes an excellent flat roof. It has
the advantage of permitting people to
walk over it at will without injury to the
material, but it does require to be kept
painted regularly every season. The duck
has to be heavy and closely woven, and in
most sections it is best laid after being
slightly dampened with water put on with
a broom. Opinions vary as to the desira-
bility of painting the roof upon which it
goes first and laying it while damp and
while the paint is fresh. It has to be se-
curely nailed with large headed nails every
inch or so along the joints, and the joints
are better when the nailing is put on under
the material and the canvas turned over
so as to remove any possibility of leakage.
Care must also be taken to nail thoroughly
on both sides of hip or valleys and where
it comes up against a different slope of
roof or wall, so as to prevent the shrink-
age of the material from pulling it clear
from these points. One method of insur-
ing repainting is to use red lead for next
to the last coat, as a lighter coat of paint
put on over this shows the red paint
through as soon as it begins to wear off,
so making it apparent that the application
of another coating is immediately neces-
sary. Tar and gravel (or slag), 4-ply,
makes a good covering for flat decks which
are not to be too much walked on. In the
city it is not too expensive ; but in distant
city suburbs its cost on dwellings is fre-
quently prohibitive. It is a well-known

In writing to advertiser* please mention HOUSE AND CARD

JANUARY,

HOUSE AND GARDEN |

7 1

construction, in general use throughout the
country, and should need no particular de-
scription here.

Other methods of flat roofing are either
too costly to come within the purse of the
ordinary home-builder or are so little in
general use as to require no especial men-
tion here. Technical or trade names have
also been avoided in order not to confuse
the casual reader. Neither have any state-
ments as to the exact costs of roofing in
the various materials been made. This
was intentional, as such statements are
both confusing and misleading. Costs of
materials and labor vary in different local-
ities, while always the design and arrange-
ment of the roof are tremendous factors
in the expense of the roof covering. Steep
slopes, irregular ridges, many dormers or
chimneys, much valley and hip cutting, all
add considerably to the cost "per square"
of different kinds of roofing. The differ-
ent metals specified for flashing and the
various amounts required on different
roofs and nailing, make further varia-
tions in these prices, so that a cost given
for covering "a square" (i. e., 100 square
feet, an area ten feet by ten) of roofing,
without ridges, valleys, dormers, and other
details inseparable from actual construc-
tion, bears little relation to costs under
practical working conditions.

For such information the owner should
consult his architect, contractor, or both.
The practical advice of either can give
him more information applicable to his
own particular problem in five minutes
than he can get from books in five hours.
In this article I have attempted to set down
those certain consideration that will assist
the owner to determine in his own mind
the kind of roof best suited to his house
or its location. If this article may cause
the reader to regard the next few roofs he
passes with a "seeing eye," it will have
started within that reader the beginnings
of a questioning mind, that should ulti-
mately lead to his becoming a more intel-
ligent critic in color and materials.

An Experience with Elder Bushes

THE most interesting matter I find in
garden magazines of wide circulation
is the vastly differing experiences people
have to record in different sections, with
the same variety of plants. One writer
describes an arrangement of plants in a_
hardy border in some part of Wisconsin.
Her background was formed of twelve or
fifteen large shrubs of "elder with its
creamy blossoms, and later, great clusters
of berries." Now, I wonder how our
Wisconsin friends persuade the elder to
keep its place as a shrubby background?
Do they know the noble art of dwarfing
in Wisconsin as well as in Japan that they
can persuade their plants to "stay put"?
Two years and two months ago a neigh-
bor bought and started to build up a new
place. This place was bare of any growth,
excepting one elder shrub growing on the
bank of a wide creek, which bordered one
side of the place. This shrub or small
tree was probably two years old from

IilaS&$

convenience

These little step-savers will

put an end to stair-climbing in

that home of yours. The simple

way, the easy way, the modern way

of housekeeping. Nothing complicated

simply pushing a button makes the connection.

fafer<phoms

Less than $15.00 will buy a pair of these practical
little telephones, and the necessary wire and
batteries. They cost no more to use than
your door -bell. If not at your
dealer's, we will supply you direct.

Send for Booklet No. 21 -A, "The
Way of Convenience," full of
helpful hints for home-makers.

WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY

ufcturcrB of th* 7,000.000 "Bll" Tlephon<
go St. Ua'u K.-.tv City

tukee Iwfoatpciii ObMumu Giy

Atlsnla
Richmond

'"'EQUIPMENT FOR EVERY ELECTRICAL NEED

RATS

KILLED BY
SCIENCE

By the wonderful bacteriological preparation, discovered and prepared by
Dr. Danysz. of Pasteur Institute, Paris. Used with striking success for
year* in the United States. England, France and Russia.

DANYSZ VIRUS

contain! the germs of a disease peculiar to rats and mice only and is
absolutely harmless to birds, human beings and other an-
imals. The rodents always die in the open, because of feverish condition.
The disease is also contagious to them. Easily prepared and applied.
How much to use. A small house, one tube. Ordinary dwelling,
three tubes (if rats are numerous, not less thanbtubes). Oneortwodozen
for large stable with hay loft and yard or 5000 so. ft. floor space in build-
ings. Price: One tube. 75c: 3 tubes. $1.75: bltubes, $3.25;J one doz. $6.
INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL CO. 72 Front St., New York

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

TRUE ORIENTAL
RUG LOVERS

bought $40,000 worth of guaranteed Antique
masterpieces of me last year for prices J /4 to %
less than paid elsewhere.

It Is ray pleasure to help people who want
to buy true values.

Send for my descriptive price list and sheet
of testimonials. Let me explain why I send
rugs prepaid on approval.

Write today

L. B. LAWTON, MAJOR U. S. A., Retired

ixi CAYUQA STREET, SENECA FALLS, NEW YORK

HOUSE AND GARDEN |

JANUARY, 1913

"NTEVER have we had so fine an as- forming a wind break or screen for the

-""i sortment 4000 fine evergreens 15 modest cottage.

to 30 years old, 10 to 30 feet high.

Every one of them has had individual I' ma y De there are large evergreens

attention, and they show it. The roots near y u -

.,, I c , , . . , Plan* evergreens all Winter long. Send

We , have fine full-formed specimens for for "Hicks' Trees" it's interestne and

embellishing the most stately garden, or unusual.

Isaac Hicks <& Son

Westbury, L. I.

GARDEN FURNITURE

ARTISTIC, COMFORTABLE & DURABLE

OLD ENGLISH GARDEN SEATS
RUSTIC WORK GARDEN HOUSES
ROSE ARBORS & OTHER ACCES-
SORIES FOR THE ADORNMENT
& COMFORT OF THE GARDEN

We make a Special Offer for orders received in January
Send for New Catalogue of Many Designs

NORTH SHORE FERNERIES CO.

BEVERLY, MASS.

Specialists
in House
Furnishings

"VV7E are specialists in house furnishings, with
particular reference to kitchen, laundry
and dining room equipment.

We believe our stock is the most complete
and comprehensive in this country.

Permit us to place at your service the results of
our long experience and careful study in this field.

45th St. and 6th Ave., New York

seed. The following year it was large
enough to afford considerable shade
through the warm season, loaded with
blossoms and berries. This summer they
built a heavy framework to support the
branches which formed a beautiful natural
arbor with abundant room for seats and
hammock. Twelve or fifteen elder shrubs
here would soon take the garden in more
ways than one, as the roots must be reck-
oned with as well as the tops. In fact, a
creek bank is the only place for them, as
the roots will follow the sewer pipes for
fifty feet, often twining round and break-
ing the pipes. They are found growing all
along the creek beds their natural loca-
tion, as the roots are hunting for water.

The Chinese elder grows easily here in
California, and would anywhere, perhaps,
and is not quite in such a hurry ; but still
it is a tree. The blossom is of immense
size, 'and individual flowers are much
larger than the American elder blossom.
The foliage is somewhat different, the
leaves being more or less streaked yellow.
E. A. S., San Jose, Cal.

Filmy Ferns

THE term "filmy ferns" is applied by
horticulturists to a section of the
great fern family of which the species of
trichomanes, the todeas and the hymeno-
ph^llum- are the principal members. These
dainty ferns have fronds or leaves of a
very thin and translucent texture, and are
often very finely cut or divided, and these
two characteristics give to them a peculiar
grace and beauty. Another natural char-
acteristic running through the group is
their love for ample moisture and cool
and grateful shade. Some few kinds from
the tropical regions, both east and west,
like a warm temperature; but by far the
larger number of kinds may be grown in
a close greenhouse from which frost is
merely excluded. A low and rather flat-
roofed house partly below ground level
and facing north, is an ideal spot for their
cultivation. A lean-to house with a wall
backing south and extending above the
highest part of the glass roof, is also an
advantage. A flow and return hot water
pipe is all that is desirable in the way of
heating, and this should be arranged so
that the heat can be turned on during the
severe weather only. Collections of these,
the most exquisitely cool and refreshing
of all the fern family, are now grown in
nearly all botanical gardens, and in many
private gardens as well.

These ferns may be grown in peat fibre
in pots or pans on the dead trunks of tree
ferns or blocks of red sandstone. After
all, the main point in filmy fern culture is
the equable atmosphere of the house, which
must be moisture-laden and close, i. e., not
too freely ventilated. If a house is totally
unheated as is sometimes the case, then
it is well not to open the door even
during severe frost, but leave it closed
until after a thaw has occurred. It is also
necessary to damp down the plants and
the floor and walls of the house before

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

JANUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

frost is expected, so as to counteract the
ultra-drying effect that frost produces.
The drought caused by extreme cold is
more fatal in its effects on filmy ferns and
many other plants than is the drought of
hot, dry weather, and must enjoy a water
saturated atmosphere.

It need not be thought that these dainty
plants can be grown only in botanical or
other well-equipped gardens, since even
amateurs, poor as well as rich, have grown
them perfectly, and often under many diffi-
culties and by means of many makeshift
means. A late eminent surgeon had a
very beautiful collection in his London,
England, residence, some in window-cases,
others under bell glasses, and some of the
hardier kinds in coldframes in a little
open-air yard. It was a pleasant privilege
to see the owner and hear him speak of his
beloved ferns and their history. In Edin-
burgh I once visited a collection of these
plants grown by a postman named Ander-
son, who took great delight in them, and
who grew them under cases and bell
glasses in his house, and in frames and
tubs or in barrels sunk in his little garden.
Not only did he grow the common kinds,
but even the rarest of cool growing forms,
and he increased his stock by exchange
with other growers, and even botanical
gardens.

The most common of all the filmy ferns
is the Killarney fern, so called because
once abundant there and in the south of
Ireland, although found in other parts of
the world as well. This is Trichomanes
radicans, and is very often seen in wardian
cases or under glass shades in shady rooms
or windows all over the country. The other
two kinds are the wild wedding ferns or
hymenophyllums, viz., H. tunbridgense
and a form of it known as H. unilateral
or H. Wilsonii. Other filmy ferns are
found pretty nearly all over the world,
from the Canaries and Madeira to the
East and West, and some of the largest
and most beautiful are the tree or tall
stemmed todeas from New Zealand. T.
superba, sometimes called the ostrich
feather fern, is one of the largest and
most handsome of all when seen at its
best. It is, moreover, very easily grown,
and its spreading fronds are of the most
exquisite texture. Other of these tree
stemmed kinds are T. pellucida, T. inter-
media, T. Fraseri and the rare T. Wilks-
iana. One of the most handsome of all
the trichomanes is T. pluma, an epiphyte
on the highest mountains of Borneo, where
the trees are dripping with condensed
moisture from the clouds. It resembles
a small drooping todea in habit, but it is
not at present in cultivation. T, trichoi-
deum is of much finer tenuity and texture,
and is far more suitable for a cool and cold
fernery. For contrast with the last one
may grow the kidney-shaped T. renifprme,
which is an exquisite plant found wild on
the moisture-laden rocks and tree trunks
of the gullies in New Zealand.

One of the most hardy and free-grow-
ing of the exotic filmy ferns is Hymeno-
phyllum demissum, which resembles the

In beauty of design and finish, Sargent Hardware cannot
be surpassed. No detail is too small to have the careful
attention of expert workmen. Designs are worked out with
minute fidelity. All working parts are carefully fitted.

The wide variety of Sargent designs includes patterns suitable for every
building, whatever its uses and style of architecture. These designs are
derived from authentic sources and are true to the school or period to
which they belong.

When you build or remodel, give your personal attention to selection
of hardware. Specify the use of Sargent Hardware and Locks throughout
they will add to the beauty and selling value and are an insurance
against dissatisfaction and repair bills.

Write for the Sargent Book of Designs

We shall be glad to mail you a complimentary copy. Illustrates and
describes many designs suitable for residences. Our Colonial Book,
illustrating Glass Knobs, &c., is sent also on request.

SARGENT & COMPANY, 142 Leonard St., New York.

RIPLEY, REYNOLDS & DAVIS, Architects,
Honolulu, Hawaii.

Dip Your Shingles Before Laying

Dipping gives absolute protection where
rain gets through between and under shingles,
as well as to the outer surfaces. Whether applied
by brushing or dipping,

Dexter Brothers
English Shingle Stains

are better than paint. They protect the shingles
with preservative, waterproofing oils, yet retain
the natural texture and beauty of the wood. The
pure English ground colors cannot fade.

Write for rtained miniature shingles and Booklet A.

Dexter Bros. Co., 115 Broad St., Boston

Branches: 1133Broadway,N.Y.,218RaceSt.,Phila.,Pa.

Alto maker of Pttrifax Cement Coatina.
AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co., Chicago; F. H.
MfDonald.GrandRpids:F.T.Crowe&Co..Seattlc.
Spokuie.Tacoma, Wash., and PortUnd.Ore.; Sher-
nan Kimball. San Fmnciaeo; A. R. Hale, 820 Perdido
t : NewOrloans; K Mf'-Bullington Co.. Richmond,
Hoffschlaer & Co., Honolulu; AND DEALERS,

where water gets
through t o t h e
under shingles
and wet rota
them. Dipping
the shingles two-
thlrds their length
prevents this.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

Now Ready for Distribution

The 1913 Catalog of Messrs. James Carter & Co., of
London, England, listing their flower, grass and
vegetable seeds" and other products of which we are
sole distributors in the United States and Canada.

HIS MAJFSTYKINGGEOROE V.

ENGLISH

TESTED

A copy of this Catalog is
reserved for you. Please
write for it.

are standard throughout the World. In this country
they have achieved results not equalled by any other
seeds. Their excellence is due to pedigree, careful
selection, cleaning and preparation, and to most thor-
ough testing.

PATTERSON, WYLDE & COMPANY

1 06 Chamber Commerce Bldg. BOSTON, MASS.

The Prices in this Catalog are American Prices in
American Money

A BOOK FOR FRUIT GROWERS

Beautiful trees and perfect fruit are a source of satisfaction and profit to the
owner, and whether you have a few trees, or several hundred, they should receive
intelligent attention.

"The WHY and HOW of ORCHARD SUCCESS"

is a beautiful new book full of valuable information. It will be of great help to
you. Send for it today. Only 50 cents postpaid.

Our big Catalogue of Spraying Machinery is FREE upon request.

FIELD FORCE PUMP COMPANY 6 03 Grand Avenue, Elmira, N. Y.

V a, For durable painting of all kinds use National

*flv Lead Company's Pure White Lead "Dutch Boy

Km Painter' '(trade-mark). Ask for Helps No. 91. Sent

<B FREE 'on request.

NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY, 111 Broadway, New York

t-< oiyfo V r\ rcoc Unusually well-bred and well-

1 ail let A l\U5C& grown . W i]l succeK ) anywhere.

FREE CATALOGUE TELLS ALL ABOUT THEM.

W. R. GRAY, Box 26, Oakton, . Va.

A New Furnace for Low Cellars

The Ajax heats the house not the air over it.

Your house can be properly and comfortably heated at

all times by installing an

Ajax Low Construction Furnace

Particularly suitable for a low cellar.

A Powerful heater designed on a new principle embodying utility, efficiency,

Built with a two-flue steel Radiator of large depth and diameter and great

length of fire travel.

Double feed doors that will accommodate large lengths of wood

Let us tell you a few things about Furnaces every home-owner or prospective

builder should know.

Write us to-day for descriptive circular.

CO-OPERATIVE FOUNDRY CO. Rochester, New York

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

Killarney fern in habit, but is more fine-
ly cut, and more pendent in its growth.
For beginners this last or the Killarney
fern is the best to begin with, as they are
both hardy and free-growers. If these
can be managed as planted in a little liv-
ing sphagnum moss and peat fibre, on
either tufa blocks or pieces of sandstone
under a bell glass, or in a wardian case,
then T. reniforme and others of the rarer
sorts may be tried. It is, as someone has
said, like a cool and refreshing mental
salad to see a house full of these plants,
or a bit of Killarney fern in a case even,
after seeing a flower garden full of color
on a hot summer day. Some people may
laugh and say that ferns in cases remind
them of birds in cages, but how much
pleasure would be lost to us by neglecting
either the birds or the ferns. The above-
mentioned surgeon loved his ferns, but he
found that their beauty found a higher
purpose. His waiting and consulting
rooms always looked cool and peaceful,
as the emerald glints came from the win-
dows and corners in which his ferns
thrived so well. "I feel quite certain," he
once told me, "that my ferns do more to
refresh and calm my patients than any
other plants, even if not anything else
could do, and to me they are an ever-abid-
ing comfort and consolation throughout
the whole year." W. R. GILBERT

The Leopard Moth

MEN obliged to climb trees should be
cautioned to use extreme care when
on the upper branches. This caution is
very necessary, for during the past few
years great inroads have been made on the
vitality of trees by the many pests that
have attacked them. Particularly to be
feared are the trees where the leopard
moth has been or is working. This pest
is doing an incalculable amount of dam-
age in all kinds of trees, and the range of
his ravages is wide and still extending.
If it continues at the same rate in the
future as in the past, trees will disappear
by thousands. Very small branches in-
fested by this pest very soon die, but
when in large limbs there is nothing on
the exterior to indicate his presence, or
the dangerous condition of the wood with-
in, which may be thoroughly honeycombed
and ready to break under the first strain.
Where this is cause for suspicion all trim-
ming work should be done from a ladder.
There are a couple of very handy imple-
ments that should be used when working
this way. One is a long pole with a
strong hook on the end. With this the
smaller branches in which there are borers
can be broken off. They will break with
but little strain. The other tool is the
blade of a saw fastened on a pole. To
make this split the pole at the end the
length of the saw, insert the blade and
fasten with rivets. While standing on a
ladder very effective work can be done
with this even on large limbs.

The leopard moth is more to be dreaded
than many other pests from the fact that
there seems to be no effective way to han-

JANUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

die him. The moth itself does not feed
on the leaves of the tree, nor does the
borer feed on anything other than the tree
it attacks. Arsenical poisons are there-
fore useless. To destroy him in his bur-
rows is almost an impossible undertaking
in any but small trees. Where large trees
are infested little can be done to save
them. Their life may be prolonged by cut-
ting back and keeping the dead wood out,
but the result will be the same in the end.
They had better be cut down. This may
seem like brutally negative encourage-
ment, but if there is anyone that can sug-
gest something better I for one would hail
it with rejoicings. When it is considered
that a full-sized borer is about three inches
long and about as thick as a lead pencil,
and that there may be hundreds of them in
a large tree, almost before being suspected,
something of the condition of such a tree
can be imagined.

This pest remains in the tree for two
seasons, growing from a tiny thing to the
full size as mentioned above, all the time
boring out fanciful shapes in all directions
until the period arrives for him to change
and emerge from the tree, ready to do
more damage.

If you have small trees, just watch them.
Where small patches of sawdust-like bor-
ings show, you can be sure of a borer.
Kill him by inserting a wire or fill the
hole with a little bisulphide of carbon and
then live in hopes that nature will step
in and help to control the pest.

L. J. DOOGUE

The 1912 Report of the Secretary
of the Department of Agriculture

THE Annual Report of the Secretary of
the Department of Agriculture has
once more reached us, with its usual abun-
dance of interesting reading. The growth
which the Department has made in the
sixteen years of Secretary Wilson's in-
cumbency is a high tribute to that gen-
tleman's 'zeal and ability. To quote from
the report: "During sixteen years it has
progressed from the kindergarten through
the primary, middle and upper grades of
development, until now it has a thousand
tongues that speak with authority."

We have no space to quote as fully as
we would wish, but the following excerpts
will give some idea of the tremendous
scope of the Department's activities.

REARING FUR BEARERS

There are extensive regions in the
United States well adapted to fox farming
and kindred industries, and the rearing of
fur-bearing animals for their pelts con-
tinues to be a subject of much interest, as
is shown by the many inquiries from vari-
ous parts of the country asking for in-
formation on the subject. Skunks, musk-
rats, mink, and foxes are reared in cap-
tivity or on preserves under control of
breeders. The great demand for breed-
ing animals and the reluctance with which
successful breeders part with their stock
of black foxes have caused large prices
to be asked for mature animals, prevent-

inii

ill

Modern
Housekeeping Demands

that food be kept just as fresh, healthful and appetizing in the Fall

and Winter months as in hot summer weather. The modern kitchen

should include in its equipment a modern, sanitary McCray Refrigerator.

McCray Refrigerators

have a perfect circulation of pure, dry, cold air that keeps food in perfect condition. They
have scientifically insulated walls and sanitary, easily cleaned interiors lined with opal glass,
enamel, porcelain or odorless white wood. No zinc is used.

Their convenience, economy of ice and food and perfect refrigeration are unequalled.
They are used by the U. S. Pure Food Laboratories and in thousands of the better class
of clubs, hotels, diet kitchens, restaurants and private residences.

McCray Refrigerators are made in a large number of regular sizes and built to order to

suit special requirements. They can be arranged to be iced from the outside so that

the iceman need not enter the kitchen and track mud all over your kitchen floor.

They can be equipped with ice water cooler, and special racks for cooling

milk, salads, mineral water, wine, beer, etc.

Write For Free Book

"How to use a refrigerator" and
any of the following catalogs.

No. 89 Regular sizes for Residences No. 73 For Flower Shops

No. 49 For Hotels, Clubs, Institutions No. 68 For Grocers

No. 60 For Meat Markets No. A.H.Built-to-orderfor Residences

McCray Refrigerator Co.

593 Lake Street Kendall villf, Inil.

Branches in all principal cities

For Shingles, Siding, Boards

and all other outside woodwork it will pay you to use

Cabot's Shingle Stains

They give soft, transparent coloring effects that bring
out the beautiful gram of the wood, and never look
"painty." They cost less than half as much as paint,
and can be put on twice as quickly. The Creosote pene-
trates and thoroughly preserves, the wood, and they are
the only genuine wood-preserving stains, and the only
harmonious and suitable colorings for modern country and
suburban houses, bungalows, camps, and cottages.

You can get Cabot's Stains all over the Country. Send
for stained wood samples and name of nearest agent.

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Manfj. Chemists, 11 Oliwr St., Boston, Mas..

n with Cabot's Shinole Slain*

limbury 11, Arc/i't, Knalewond, N. J,

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

Look for the Name Yale on Locks and Hardware

Have You a Doubtful Lock on Any Outside Door?

If so don't trust it. Back it up with a Yale Night Latch the latch of security
and convenience. From the outside it's a Yale Cylinder Lock operated only
by its own key. From the inside it's a latch, operated by simply turning a knob.

Yale Door Checks

They shut the door silently but with a
firm pressure that can't fail. Made in
sizes to fit every requirement.

Yale Hardware

New designs, constantly added, permit
furnishing a house in perfect harmony with
the architectural treatment.

Yale Padlocks

To get through a door guarded by a Yale
Padlock, take your choice of these two
ways: break, down the door or use the
key.

There are several grades of Yale Cylinder Night Latches, each the best for its price
and purpose. Get one from any hardware dealer.

The Yale & Towne Mfg. Co.

Makers of YALE Products
Local Office General Offices: 9 Murray Street, New York

CHICAGO: 74 East Randolph Street n- 1.1 .. rj or 1 iT'f.L A NT V -.1

SAN FRANCISCO: 134 Riaho Buildine Exhibit Rooms: 251 rittn Avenue, New York

Canadian Yale & Towne Limited, St. Catharines, Ont.

1-2

Prize Medal Water-Lilies

Tricker's Water-lilies were awarded the
Columbian Medal at the World's Fair, Chi-
cago; 1893. Four Silver Medals, a Silver
Cup and numerous certificates and cash
prizes have recently been awarded me for
water-lilies.

If you contemplate making or planting a
water garden or lily pond consult William
Tricker, Water-lily Specialist, and author
of The Water Garden. Many years'
experience.

Address ARLINGTON, N. J.

A house built IMATfO Hollow Tile Bulldln Block*
throughout of "***>/ j s thoroughly fire-proof, and ia
cooler in Summer and warmer in Winter than one of any other
construction. It is cheaper than brick, stone or cement.

.Send for litermure

NATIONAL FIRE PROOFING CO. Dept.Y, Pittsburg, Pa.

Made to order to exactly match
the color scheme of any room

"You select the color we'll make
the rug." Any width seamless up
to 16 feet. Any length. Any color
tone soft and subdued, or bright
and striking. Original, individual,
artistic, dignified. Pure wool or
camel's hair, expertly woven at
short notice. Write for color card.
Order through your furnisher.
Thread ft Thrum Workshop
Auburn, New York

ing the business from becoming general,,
and confining the industry in the hands of
a very few.

Comparatively few attempts to raise
mink have been made in the United
States, and but little is known on the sub-
ject. But at from $3 to $8 for first-class-
pelts, the present prices, which are not
likely to diminish, the raising of these-
animals should be remunerative, especial-
ly in connection with some other estab-
lished business, such as poultry raising,
orcharding, or truck growing; therefore,,
in co-operation with the National Zoolog-
ical Park, steps have been taken to ex-
periment with these animals with a view
to determining the most successful 1
methods of rearing them.

Muskrat farming is already a prosper-
ous business, and has probably reached its-
highest point of development on the East-
ern Shore of Maryland, although followed
in other sections of the country. Muskrat
marshes are worth more, measured by the-
actual income from them, than cultivated
farms of like acreage in the same vicinity.
The marshes need only to be protected
from poaching, as the muskrats feed on-
the roots of the reeds and marsh grass,,
and the rental to the trappers is usually
for half the fur, leaving the meat as an
additional source of gain to them. Only
one other animal in the world, the Euro-
pean rabbit, exceeds the muskrat in the-
number of skins marketed.

RODENTS IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE

Prairie dogs, ground squirrels, and
gophers are very destructive rodents, in-
flicting large damage and levying a heavy
tax upon the tillers of the soil ; therefore
the Biological Survey conducts experi-
ments with poison baits, traps, and other
methods of extermination.

The daily forage consumed by 32 adult
prairie dogs equals the amount required
by a sheep, and 250 eat approximately as
much as a cow. The ground squirrel,
though smaller, is a voracious feeder, and
the gophers, comparatively small, are not
abstemious. As the region infested by
these pests includes a number of Rocky
Mountain States, California,, and other
Western States, and as some of the col-
onies occupy many thousand acres and
aggregate millions of rodents, the extent
of the damage they do to forage and other
farm crops can be readily comprehended.
Besides, it has been definitely ascer-
tained by the investigations of the past
two years that the spotted-fever ticks, in
the two younger stages, live almost wholly
on small native rodents, and that the Cal-
ifornia ground squirrel has been infected
with bubonic plague by fleas from rats,
hence that these dread diseases are likely
to become epidemic. Therefore there are
two important reasons for attempting the
extermination of the animals. The chief
reliance for this is placed on the use of
poisoned grain and other poisoned baits,
but the use of traps, and, in some cases,
the use of carbon bisulphid or pintsch oil
in the burrows, supplements the poison.
In these experiments oats have been found

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

JANUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

to be the best vehicle for carrying poison,
as it is readily eaten by the rodents and
rarely by birds.

THE ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF BIRDS TO
FARMING

Investigations by the bureau, in co-
operation with the Bureau of Entomology,
as to the relations of birds to the insect
to determine what aid, if any, birds are
likely to lend in checking the increase of
the alfalfa weevil and retarding its spread,
show that although the weevil has been
established in this country only five or
six years 31 species of birds have already
learned to eat it. It is an interesting dis-
covery that the English sparrow heads the
list as a determined foe of the weevil, and
that, if it is possible to utilize the services
of the English sparrow against the for-
midable insect foe, the alfalfa weevil, it
will be part compensation for the damage
done by that bird in other sections.

Birds also prey upon the boll weevil
while it is hibernating, while on the cot-
ton plants, and during its autumnal migra-
tion flights the period when the weevil
chiefly extends its range.

The Biological Survey, by making a
careful analysis of the stomach contents
of different species of birds, can show
their relation to agriculture and horticul-
ture, whether beneficial or injurious, and
approximate the good or harm they do.
The importance uf this work is very great.

A Farmers' Bulletin entitled "Some
Common Birds in Relation to Agricul-
ture," which was issued many years ago,
has always been in great demand, and
over 500,000 copies have been distributed.
In order to furnish additional literature
along the same lines, two other Farmers'
Bulletins on familiar species of birds have
been prepared, one dealing with some com-
mon game, aquatic, and rapacious birds in
relation to man, and the other treating of
the common birds of forest, field, and
garden.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITS OF NATIVE
MAMMALS AND BIRDS

The basis of most of the work is scien-
tific investigation, and in this field the
most notable accomplishments have been
the systematic collection and publication of
data regarding the distribution and habits
of native mammals and birds, and the
preparation of maps showing the natural
life zones of the country. Each of these
zones is especially adapted to the growth
of special crops and marks the limits
within which certain varieties of fruits
and cereals produce the greatest yield or
beyond which they are not likely to be
commercially successful.

Maps showing the ranges of individual
species have also been published, and have
proved useful in co-operative work with
the Public Health Service in outlining the
range of mammals which carry the tick
responsible for the deadly spotted fever
in the Bitter Root Valley, Mont., and the
area occupied by the ground squirrels in
California which transmit bubonic plague.

[ANY of the extensive Gardens of Glass that have been erected by us on large private
estates and public parks throughout the country are built on the lines of our exclusive
curved eave patent illustrated above. In addition, we specialize on a smaller type of
greenhouse that can be erected easily within the reach of the beginner and the man of
moderate means. We ship these houses to all parts of the country. Before you commit
yourself finally, let us tell you in fuller detail the advantages of our methods of construction.

William H. Lutton, 273 Kearney Ave., Jersey City, New Jersey

.; a'n r Sheep Mamir <

Dried and Pulverized

One Barrel Equals Two
Wagon Loads Barnyard Manure

Unequalled for lawn, garden and field fertilizing. Write
I for interesting booklet and pric" 1 *.
THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.. 25 Union Stack Yard.. Chicago

Hill's Evergreens Grow

Heautify your home. Plant Hill
Kvergreens. We are evergreen spe-
cialists, not only in growing but in
planting artistic effects. Prices low-
t'st-yquality considered. Don't risk
failure Get Hill's Free Evergreen
Hook. Write today.

Expert advice fret,

n. Hill Nursery Co., Inc., Evergreen

- ]>< .-i.ili-'- 801 Cedar Street, Dundee, 111.

Ctntiale

Here's something you want
in the house

EASY-SLIDING trays that pro-
tect your sheet music. You
find any piece instantly. Handy,
cleanly, distinctive,
Mahogany or Oak
various designs and
sizes. $15.00 up. Cab-
inets for manuscripts,
sketches, etc.

}J 'rite for illustrated
"Booklet H."

TINDALE CABINET

CO.,
1 W. 34th St, ( N. Y.

EVERYTHING for the GARDEN

is the title of our 1913 catalogue the most beautMul and complete horticultural publi-
cation of the day really a book of 204 pages, 8 colored plates and oi-er 800 photo
engravings, showing actual results without exaggeration. It is a mine of information
of everything in Gardening either for pleasure or profit and embodies the results of
over sixty-six years of practical experience.

To give this catalogue the largest possible distribution we make the following liberal
offer:

Every Empty Envelope
Counts As Cash

To everyone who will state where this advertisement was seen and who encloses
Ten Cents we will mail the catalogue

And also Send Free of Charge

Our Famous 50 Cent "HENDERSON" COLLECTION OF SEEDS

containing one packet each of Ponderosa Tomato, Big Boston Lettuce, Scarlet Globe
Radish, Henderson's Invincible Asters, Mammoth Butterfly Pansies and Giant
Spencer Sweet Peas, in a coupon envelope, which when emptied and returned will be
accepted as a 25 cent cash payment on any order amounting to $1.00 and upward.
In addition, all ordering from this advertisement will receive a copy of our new
Garden Guide and Record. This Is a handbook of general garden Information,
planting tables, cooking recipes, cultural directions, etc., etc., and In all Is one
of the most necessary and valuable of our many publications.

PETER HENDERSON &co

3S&37
! COfiTLANOT ST.

.NEW YORK CITY

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

I HOUSE AND GARDEN

JANUARY, 1913

is a Fine Garden

one of your ambitions?

The best food comes from the garden
and, of course, that is the only kind you
want for your table.

If you are ambitious nothing but a fine
garden will suit you.

A fine garden is such because it has
been properly planned and planted and
thoroughly cultivated.

Anything that helps to bring this result
interests you.

UOHffl

Garden Drills
and Wheel Hoes

Sow accurately in drills or hills, hoe, cul-
tivate, weed, ridge, open furrows and
cover them, etc. Parts changed quickly.
High steel wheels, steel frame, necessary
adjustments for close work.

With these tools you can make the gar-
den right and keep it in perfect condition
without hard work.

38 combinations, $2.50 to $12.00.

Ask the nearest dealer or seedsman to
show them and write us for new booklet,
''Gardening With Modern Tools." Also
one on Sprayers for every purpose.

Bateman MT g Co

Box 64G,

Grenloch, N. J.

The Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., of Rochester, N, Y.,
will aend, on request, their new catalog 1 , which describes the

BAUSCH & LOMB-ZEISS T i^ R

and other photographic lenses. This catalog: is an en*
cyclopedia of photography.

i>-*>@

WHITE ENAMEL

Let us HELP YOU

Our experienced landscape Hardeners
make a planting plan of your pjaoe, aelecti
trees, eh rubs.etc., suitable to soil and situal

Our nurseries (more than GOO acre*) offer
the finest selection in A merica f or lawn and
garden planting. Wriiefor Catalog D.

THESTEPHEN HOYT'S SONSCOMPANV

Eat. IMv Inc. 1905

New Canaan, Conn.

Book Reviews

THE PARTY BOOK. By Winnifred Fales
and Mary H. Northend. Crown Oc-
tavo. Illustrated. Boston: Little,
Brown & Co. $2.00 net.
The same laws which govern the value
of gifts apply to the worth of entertain-
ments. Often the care and thought, the
individuality projected into either a pres-
ent or a party is directly proportionate to
its appreciation. We ordinarily do not
care so much for the luncheon or recep-
tion that is entirely the product of the
caterer, however proficient he may be.
Where the personality of the hostess is
apparent, where we seem to see present
her handiwork or her directing energies,
we enjoy ourselves most.

This book is a directory to successful
entertainments. It indicates the lines for
artistic ability to work and gives a brief
of the canons of good taste. The early
chapters discuss the form of invitations,
the correct setting of the table, the proper
menu. Part two treats of table decoration
appropriate for different occasions and
fitted for various times. The table ac-
cessories, favors, etc., are well illustrated
and quite suggestive. As of collateral in-
terest a variety of appropriate dishes with
their receipts is given. The last portion
of the book gives numerous games, old
and new, for the entertainment of both
grown-up and little folks. An appendix
furnishes valuable information for the
convenience of the hostess in working out
color schemes, the flowers of the month,
for instance, anniversaries, holidays and
the like.

THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE RENAIS-
SANCE IN FRANCE: 1495-1880. By
W. II. Ward, M. A. 2 Vols. Illus-
trated. Imported by Chas. Scribner's
Sons, New York.

With the acknowledged influence of
the Beaux Arts School of Architects in
this country and the importance of their
work recognized, this subject should be
of particular interest to an American
audience. There is no other book in
English, or in French for that matter,
that deals exclusively with the architec-
ture of the Renaissance in France, so
that there is a timely interest in these
volumes. The author has traced the de-
velopment in the architecture of France,
whether of building or of decoration,
from the reintroduction of classic forms
at the Renaissance to the revival of the
Gothic. The purpose of the book is to
supply the student who is aware of classic
influence in Italy during the Renaissance,
with the development of thought and prac-
tice during this period mentioned. The
difficulty that any author has in marking
off periods of history is carefully met by
showing not so much the architecture pro-
duced during a certain reign, but the de-
velopment of style which culminated in

THE BEST FENCE is the cheapest EXCELSIOR
1 is best, because it is completely coated with
melted zinc, and so rendered "Rust Proof." It
is the fence for permanency, protection and
ornament. It is used for parks, estates and
home grounds. There is no other fence in the
same class as EXCELSIOR "RUST PROOF."
First-class hardware dealers sell it.

Write for illustrated Catalog "C" and sample showing "Rust
Proof finish.

WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY, Worcester, Masa.

FRUIT TREE5

at Half-Price

We aell best quality fruit trees, shrubs and plants
at one-half the nursery agent's price and pay the
freight. All stock in northern grown, hardy and
healthy. All orders guaranteed.

GET THIS FREE BOOK NOW

Tells just what yon want to know about selecting, plant-
ing and growing all nursery stock. Contains a
big list of unequalled bargains. Don't buy until
you've read this book. Send postal today.

RICH LAND NURSERIES

Box 126 Rochester, N.Y.

Freight PAID

BETTER GARDENS

are usually the result of more planning, more hoe-
ing and a careful selection of varieties of seeds
that bear most in smallest space. Only pedigreed
seeds will do what the gardener has a right to ex-
pect and it pays to look for the most pedigreed
seeds obtainable in connection with even th,'
smallest gardens.

Gregory's Honest Seeds

have been the most critical gardeners'
stand-by for over balf a century. They
are all gilt-edged. We could produce
more seeds and we could sell cheaper
seeds. We prefer to report ''sold out"
when our pedigreed seeds are jrone
for which we have to charge "honest"
prices In order to live.

Helpful Catalog-FREE

Gives correct advice how to make
small gardens yield the most and best.
Describes tbe choicest varieties of
the leading American vegetables and
shows bow we grow them from seed
on our own farms. Gregory's Cata-
log is thoroughly practical, with
truthful descriptions. Illustrations
from photographs and "honest"
prices for "honest" seeds. Your free
copy Is waiting for your call. A
postcard will bring It.
J. J. H. GREGORY & SON
904 Elm Street, Marblehead, Mass.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

JANUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN

that reign and by which the period was
characterized. This is the best working
basis, especially in France, because certain
forms have been denominated by the names
of rulers, and there would be confusion
were a different division made, even
though the dates separating the period
were absolutely exact.

The work gives the chief facts concern-
ing the styles of the period, and links up
the history that bears upon it. Not only
are facts given about the important build-
ings, but also of the architects prominent,
and their relation with the social and liter-
ary history of the country is pointed out.

The book is illustrated by photographs
of excellent detail, by drawings of exist-
ent buildings, together with plans and re-
productions of those no longer standing.

LITTLE BOOKS ABOUT OLD FURNITURE.

VOL. Ill, THE PERIOD OF CHIPPENDALE.

VOL. IV, HEPPLEWHITE, SHERATON,

THE ADAMS BROTHERS, ETC. By J. P.

Blake. Frederick A. Stokes Company,

New York.

These two volumes are an addition to a
series intended to discuss the development
of old furniture from Tudor to Georgian
times. Previous volumes take up the sub-
ject of Elizabethan oak and its develop-
ment into the Queen Anne period. These
last carry the discussion from the time of
Ince and Mayhew to the time of Sheraton
and the Brothers Adam.

A discussion is given of the life and
ideals of the author and of the various
cabinet-makers dealt with and the ideals
of their work. No chapter is given on
the detection of fakes, since the author be-
lieves a knowledge of the best examples
is a more successful way to avoid being
imposed upon. The books show charac-
teristic forms and are illustrated with help-
ful photographs and drawings.

ROADS, PATHS AND BRIDGES. By L. W.

Page. New York: Sturgis & Walton

Company. 75 cents.

The importance of roadmaking is being
discussed to-day and legislation is being
urged by highway commission and .good
road society. This book, introducing the
historical consideration of roads, adds an-
other argument by no means to be neg-
lected. It would be impossible to figure
the importance of road-building in ancient
times as a civilizing agent. The building
of roads probably did more than the early
missionary to break down the differences
between tribes.

Mr. Page in his book should do much to
awaken the interest of rural and subur-
ban dwellers to the necessity of increased
highway appropriations and modern high-
way legislation, and as his book is written
in a clear, nontechnical manner there
should be numerous practical suggestions
for municipal boards as to the structure
and maintenance of roads, and the inci-
dental consideration of vital interest in
this day of the automobile: dust laying.

The final chapters deal with the collat-
eral subjects of paths and bridges.

Poppies, Asters and Zinnias

Three regal favorites of everyone who really gardens. The
varieties offered are of unusual merit; that's why we want you
to try them. SPECIAL 50 CENT OFFER

In order to get you acquainted with our high quality seed
for spring planting we will send you prepaid twelve packets,
containing one each of the best colors and varieties of these
gorgeous, easily grown annuals; CATALOG VALUE, $2.00,
FOR 50 CENTS.

SHIRLEY POPPIES

Packet each, four beautiful shades, 40 cents. Carmine, Rose,
Salmon and White.

ASTERS

(Our Famous Branching).

Packet each, six distinct varieties, 60 cents. White, Shell
Pink, Lavender, Crimson, Purple and Carmine.

ZINNIAS

(Our Giant Double Flowering.)

A beautiful type of Zinnias that is unexcelled for size, often
measuring six inches in diameter. Plants grow two feet high.
Packet each, Giant, Crimson, Rose, Yellow and White, $1.00.
14 Packets, Seed Catalog, Value $2.00. Special Offer, 50 cts.
Our complete catalog of 128 pages free on request.

50 Barclay Street
NEW YORK CITY

You can have HIGH PRESSURE on all faucets of your country
home if you install a

"Koven" Pneumatic Pressure Tank.

It can be used for every system of water supply to advantage. We
make high grade tanks, both black and galvanized. You get them
at BASE PRICES. BEST SERVICE at LEAST COST.

L. O. KOVEN & BROTHER,

50 CLIFF STREET,

NEW YORK

FOR COUNTRY HOMES

A number of books in
this practical series are now
ready. Among them are :

APPLE GROWING-
M. C. Burritt. Includes
kinds to raise. Location
of orchard, care of trees.
Harvesting, marketing.

THE AUTOMOBILE, Its
Selection, Care and Use
Robert Sloss. Plain
and practical advice.

THE HORSE, Its Breed-
ing, Care and Use David
Buffum. Thoroughly practical. Specially
designed for owner of one or two horses.

PROFITABLE BREEDS OF POULTRY
A. S. Wheeler. Rhode Island Reds, Ply-
mouth Rocks, Wyandottes, Mediterraneans,
Orpingtons, etc.

Purchase from bookstores or direct at 70
cents a copy. Postage extra, 5 cents. Send
for free Outing Handbook Catalogue.

OUTING PUBLISHING COMPANY

OUTINq MAGAZINE yodltlnS eWH-H^ HANDBOOKS

Ball

BUTT,

INSURE
PERFECTLY HUNG DOORS

Friction is eliminated by the
steel bearings, and the door swings
smoothly and softly without creaking
or binding. These 'butts have

NON-RISING PINS

which will not work out of the joint.
Write for artistic and instructive
booklet "Properly Hung Doors."

THE STANLEY^.WORKS

Department "H" New Britain, Conn.

IH writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GAUDKM.

HOUSE AND GARDEN |

JANUARY, 1913

NEARBY was a choice little garden spot, charmingly
reflective of Italy. Adjoining it, this sun splashed
slope of green, punctuated here and there by fine
old trees.

Along one side wandered a walk of stepping stones,
enticing you to the garden of hardy flowers.
Now where would you place a greenhouse?
'Twere unforgivable to encroach on all this with even
so attractive a greenhouse as a U-Bar.

So on the edge of the hardy garden we placed it, mak-
ing a cellar underneath for mushrooms.

The result is a simple dignified little house in per
feet harmony with its environs.

We tell you all this, thinking perhaps you are one of
the ones who want a U-Bar greenhouse, but have put off
sending to us, because of being in a quandary about
locating it.

We can promptly help you settle that.

If your problem is a particularly difficult one, our
landscape architect will give you the benefit of his
suggestions.

So you see by the combining of our landscape archi-
tect's skill with our knowledge as greenhouse designers
and builders, there is no doubt about your getting both a
practical and attractive result.

Send for our catalog or send for us or both.

U-BAR GREENHOUSES

PIER50N U-BAR CO i MADISON AYE. m

CANADIAN OFFICE -10 PHILLIPS PLACE MONTREAL

Murphy Varnish

T . ,S~ PREVENTS DUST PRESERVES ROADS
A 0.1 V 131 Booklets on ret

BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY

New York, Chicago. Philadelphia, Barton. St. Louie. Cleveland.
Pittsburrii, Cincinnati, Kansas Oily, Minneapolis, New Orleans,
Seattle. London. Hn.

Dutch Bulbs-direct fromHolland

And finest new dahlia!, described in Free Catalog.
GT. VAN WAVEBEN & KRtnjFF

American llrnnrli Home. 143 \. 18th St., Philadelphia

FREE

Instructive 64 - page
illustrated catalogue

Brimful of what you want to know
about getting bigger, better results
from the soil. Describes the most
efficient farm and garden tools ever
invented

Planet Jr j

I Panel Jr. Combined Hill and Drill
Seeder. Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow

sows seed accurately and works quickly, easily,
thoroughly.

55 other tools described include seeders, wheel
hoes, horse hoes, harrows and two-horse
cultivators. Send postal today*
S. L. ALLEN & CO.

BoxlllOK, I'hllM., I'u.

Are Birds
Welcome?

The houses I build for soug-
sters win them they come back
every year and I always have
plenty of bird guests. It took
me several years to get these
houses just right for the birds,
particular little fellows.

Three of my designs won such favor that I decided
to sell the houses to those who want bird neighbors.

The Blue Bird House (four compartments) $5.00

The Wren House (four compartments) 5,00

The Purple Martin House (this is three stories high

with attic; porch on all sides 26 rooms) 12. CO

Birds protect trees by destroying Insects

Illustrated folder on request. Write to

JOS. H. DODSON (

901 Association Bldg.

The Martin House,
however they are

A Director of the \
llnol* Audiibon Nor let v/

Chicago, III.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

ew Ideas it? Horrie Lighting - Beautifying the

-Tfye Ideal Garage -Starting

Sipall House

ill
g

31!

s3lA&&&t^3SHLaLi*l ' ^ J :.'* :L-.'"i"ir:l:ia j.^-j

In planning for your new home, consider carefully
the question of its fire-safe construction with

NATCO HOLLOW-TILE

Fireproof, damp-proof, vermin-proof, age-proof, warmer in Winter, cooler in Summer

Natco Hollow Tile construction represents a sum of advantages \\-hidi no one who plans to build can affonl
to overlook. Speed in. construction, enhanced investment v:tlue and low maintenance. An important advantage of
Natco walls is the fact that the interior is insulated against sudden or extreme atmospheric changes by the blanket
of dead air which completely surrounds it. A Xatco house requires materially less heating equipment.
"Natco Throughout" is a term of fire-safe construction whi:h is sinking deep into the convictions of architects, builders
and building investors. It means fireproof construction for walls, partitions, floors and roof, and complete security
against the destruction of your home by fire. The increased cost over partial Natco forms is not of sufficient impor-
tance to weigh against the many advantages gained.

Read up this form of construction before you vo ahead with your building specifications. Drop a line for our 64-page handbook

nd other moderate si

"Fireproof Houses;" Contains 80 photographs of reside. ic
exterior wall construction at costs_ between $4,000 and
guide to the prospective huilde

,ized buildings where XATCO has been used fu

00,000, also a few complete drawings and floor plans. An invaluable
Mailed anywhere for 20c. in postage. Write for it today.

NATIONAL FIRE -PROOFING COMPANY

Organized 1889 DEPT. Y. PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA Offices in All Principal Cities

FEBRUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN |

Original Best

SCOTCH GINGHAMS

Can be obtained at all
leading retail stores

You Can Have Roses Just as Nice as This
WhenYouUse My Sturdy "Fairfax" Plants

Growing Roses is easy or hard, just as you make it. When you start with
vigorous, thrifty, sturdy bushes, that have been wintered out of doors, it is
easy to have Roses even finer than that shown here. When you plant forced
Roses, that have lost all their vitality through excess of greenhouse heat, you
have to wait years for them to recover if they will.

THE ARISTOCRATS
OF ROSEDOM

Fairfax Roses are al-
lowed to grow slowly,
forming strong roots and
hard, firm wood. In the
fall they are dug and
stored in pots, out of
doors, ready for shipment
the next spring. Crisp
winter weather gives
them a long dormant sea-
son and when they reach
you they are ready to
produce an abundance of
perfect blooms and be the
Aristocrats of Rosedom.

My Free Book Tells How
To Have the Finest Flowers

With Fairfax Roses,
and the directions, "How
to Grow Roses," contained
in my 1913 book, you can
have blooms better than
you ever imagined possi-
ble. My book describes
128 kinds of Roses, in-
cluding new varieties of
real merit, shows engrav-
ings of these from life,
and lists the best of the
flowering plants, bulb?
and shrubs. May I send
you a copy? Free.

W. R. GRAY

Box 26 OAKTON, VA.

This Great New Rose 50 cents

"Mrs. Aaron Ward." beautiful yellow Hybrid 1
from France. Two-year plants, 50 certs each

THIS is an illustration one of 123 from the Biltmore Nursery
book, "Flowering Trees and Shrubs." It makes plain one of the
purposes of the book to show, not to tell, appropriate uses of trees
and shrubs in beautifying the home grounds.

The book will help you In your plan to enjoy the continuous charm that at-
tractive landscapes hold. Its 64 pases of descriptive matter state the uses,
characteristics, and cultural preferences of the desirable ornamental plants, while
the engravings depict the beauties of individual
flowers, of specimen plants, and of harmonious
groupings in which these plants are used.

"Flowering Trees and Shrubs"
This Biltmore Nursery Book
Is a Guide to Outdoor Beauty

With the range of selection offered in this
book, you can realize this year your hope of
having an ideal hardy planting, for all the note-
worthy varieties of trees and shrubs may be had
In sixes to meet every requirement. Ideal col-
lections of those most noted for their beauty are
presi-nted for the convenience of the reader,
carrying out the purpose of "enabling the dis-
criminating amateur to select, with the least
confusion and bewilderment, the brightest gems
among the many."

Shall We Send You a Copy Free?

BILTMORE NURSERY,

If y.m wuh to plan the planting of home grounds,
we gladly vill send you a copy of "Flowering
Trees und Shnibs." Should you have a larger place,
where you will plant extensively of many varieties,
tell us to send the "liiltmore Nursery Catalog."

BOX 1625

BILTMORE, N. C.

Fair's New Book
of Hardy Plants

It tells of the thousands of varieties of Irises,
Peonies. I'hlox, Poppies, Larkspur and other hardy
plants that make up my collection a man's garden
that long since overflowed Into the open
fields, a glorious riot of color, un intoxi-
cation of delight.

A BUSINESS FROM A HOBBY. Some-
one has said, "Blessed is lie who has a
hobby, and can make it his business." It
is a far cry from a boy's garden on the
Iowa farm, to a garden of many acres
at Wyoinissing. and a business that has
readied to every state ami territory,

bringing me in touch with thousands of others who also know
the delights of the hurdy gardens, and have made it their hobby.
They have told me of their gardens, and I have shared with
them my treasures, and so the Wyomlssing Nurseries seems but
the natural development of a complete abandonment to a passion-
ate love for growing things a garden that grows and grows, and
an ever-widening circle of friends whose appreciation and support
makes possible and necessary a new edition of my book of Hardy
Plant Specialties.

THE CHARM OF THE HARDY GARDEN. The old-fashioned
garden lias a charm of its own breathing the spirit of the past
into the living present. Oh, the joy of living when, on the first
mild days, we go forth to examine whether they have survived
the perils of winter, and tbe thrill of delight with which her*
and there we see them bursting into new life.

Hut there Is a fascination, too, in the building of a new garden,
the planning of which shall be all your own. and its accomplish-
ment tbe realization of your own fancy. Whether a garden be
new or old, it Is a place of recreation and forgetfulness of busi-
ness cares, a safety-valve from overwork, and a place where the
man who Is "city tired" may find rest and new life.

ABOUT MY NEW BOOK. In my new book I have tried to express the charm
"t the hardy plants the charm that induced me to grow them by the thousands
ut Wyomissiug, that led me to secure complete collections of all the most
desirable flowering perennials, so that now I have more than a million plants
In hundreds of varieties. My collections of Peonies and Irises are pronounced
the finest In America. My new hook shows the choicest of my treasures in the
full colors of nature it is more beautiful, more helpful, and more complete than
the old one. If, as many wrote, they found the last edition "so delightful,"
they will mid this one even more enjoyable.

This book is free to all who love the Hardy Plants. Send for It today, and let
It !< a belp to you.

BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries
106 Garfield Avenue Wyomissing, Penna.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOTSE AND GARDEN.

HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY, 1913

Real Estate

> i"i~>-:">v
i-

Station

The ideal realization of out-of-town living..
Refined surroundings, protected social environment.
Directly on the new Bronx River Parkway.
All improvements; half hour electric trains.

Booklet A on request

J.WarrenThayer.ft-es'
jdale 503 Fifth Ave

:.HewYork New YorK City,

Princeton

Noted for its handsome residences
and charming environment. No
manufacturing. Convenient to both
New York and Philadelphia express
train service.

Rentals from $300 to $6,000 a year.
Furnished homes also for rent.

Choice properties in other localities for sale or
rent, furnished or unfurnished.

WALTER B. HOWE, Princeton, N.

New York Office, 56 Cedar Street

-COME T O-

THE BERKSHIRE HILLS
LIFE'S WORTH LIVING UP HERE

High altitude, dry air, good water, and a
beautiful country. I sell Farms, Estates,
Homes and Manufacturing Sites. All
kinds and prices. Let me know what kind
of property you are looking for.

I'll send illustrated booklet.

GEO. H. COOPER, Pittsfield, Mass.

Roam 210 Agricultural Bank Building

At Short Hills, N.J. S

Just completed
..~j - .- and ready for
occupancy. House designed by James G.
Ware & Sons, artistic, comfortable, con-
venient. Special features are large liv-
ing room, with unusually handsome fire-
place; sleeping porches; generous bed-
rooms built en suite with dressing and
bath rooms; lavatory, log fireplaces, etc.
Tide water sewer connection, gas, elec-
tric light and excellent water. Situated
on commanding site, one hundred by two
hundred feet, surrounded by oak, dog-
wood and other trees. Change of plans
makes it desirable for owner to sell or
rent. For fuller information address,

ROCHE, CRAIG & WILEY

Suite 1303. Phone 1546 Cortlandt.

165 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.

OREGON FARM.

160 acres, all improved, one mile from
depot; 2,500 peaches, 2,500 pears, 1,800 ap-
ple trees five years old; 80 acres alfalfa;
plenty water; miles of flumes; 300 tons al-
falfa hay; present income pays all expenses.
Stock and tools included. Owner unable to
keep. Write F. H. Page, Portland, Oregon.

VERMONT

An attractive twenty-room brick house with
barn (wood) on one-half acre of land located
in one of the most desirable neighborhoods of
Bennington, Vt.

Ninety-foot tiled piazza, porte-cochere, per-
gola, electric lights, gas for cooking, laundry,
three bath rooms, steam heat, two fireplaces
and excellent running water.

House cost over $25,000. Can be bought for
half that price.

Address Lock Box P, Bennington, Vt.,
for further particulars.

FARMS

inia and Maryland

Colonial Homo, tidewater properties, dairy, fruit and stock
Farms, Game Preserves and Investments. All sizes and
prices. Catalogue Free.

J. W. LATHAM
1420 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.

VILLAGE FARM FOR SALE IN MASS.

AD unusual opportunity. Seven and one-half acres on
main street, near stores and churches. Good colonial
house, newly renovated, papered, painted. Steam heat,
pure mountain water supplied by town. Bath-room
complete; four fine bedrooms and servant's room, two
parlors, large dining room, pantries, kitchen. Large barn.
Orchard, berries, big asparagus bed, grapes, etc. Valu-
able all-year home. Northfleld. Mass. Price, $6500.
Room 1607 A, 31 Union Square New York, N. Y,

GREENWICH, CONN.

A SUPERB WATER FRONT with large grounds, beautifully planted, extending to the
/X water, fine dock, bathing, etc. The house is perfect in all its appointments; six
large master's bedrooms each with its own bath; ample servants' quarters. A fine place
in a select environment of fine places

CAN BE RENTED FURNISHED FOR THE SUMMER, OR PURCHASED

For full details apply to owner's agents

RAYMOND B. THOMPSON or CHESTER MONTGOMERY

REAL ESTATE
Smith Building GREENWICH, CONN. Telephone, 866

The
Fascination

that impels the tourist to linger
amid the hedgerows and by-ways of
the English countryside finds its
counterpart at

Great Neck, Long Island

Ideally located among exclusive private
estates, directly on the waterfront, it com-
mands far reaching views of Long Island and
delightful inland prospects of the surround-
ing estates. It presents the manifold advan-
tages of country life, the open air, the water.

GRENWOLDE offers the man who desires
a home away from the noise of cities, a home
in pleasant surroundings near agreeable
neighbors, a greater number of attractions
than does any other residence colony near
New York.

It behooves you to inquire about it, and
at your leisure to enjoy a run out to GREN-
WOLDE to see for yourself that the prop-
erty fulfills your expectations.

It is essential that purchasers be creditably
known to the owners. Full directions, road
maps and detailed information sent you for
the asking.

PAUL V. SHIELDS

286 Fifth Avenue, New York

Telephone, 1926 Madison Square

Are You Looking for a
Country Place 1

Have You a Place For Sale 1

If you are seeking for, or wish
to dispose of, any particular kind
of a place an inexpensive rural
property within reasonable dis-
tance of a city, a suburban house
and plot, a summer house in the
mountains or at the seashore, or
a farm adapted to the raising of
any special product the Real
Estate Bureau will help you with-
out any charge for its services.

In writing state in as much de-
tail as possible just what is re-
quired, or just what you have,
and address the

Manager of the Real Estate
Bureau, House & Garden

31 Union Square North New York

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GAKDXX.

FEBRUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

Social Life in the Suburbs

SUBURBANITE" has an unpleasant
sound to the ears of the metropoli-
tan and is spoken sometimes with a sneer.
But what complacent ignorance accounts
for such an attitude?

The city man charges the country
resident with being a provincial lack-
ing the city's opportunity for social
life. To disprove it take Greenwich, for
instance. The social activity of this
town is centered about the country
clubs and in the homes. The Connecticut
coast is remarkably indented and no less
than three yacht clubs of importance lie be-

The Country Club, one of the centers of
social activity in Greenwich

tween Bridgeport and Stamford. The re-
ciprocal entertainments of those who take
their recreation in sailing, last not only
during the summer when the visiting yacht
clubs are received and the cruising vessels
welcomed, but the gaiety continues even
into winter. The social intercourse, how-
ever, is not limited to the yacht club and
the water front. There is the country club
and the field club that beyond serving as
places of recreation and exercise, are used
for dances and festivities for over the win-
ter season.

So much for the public functions. The
hospitality of Greenwich homes is now
proverbial. The constant throng of week-
end visitors is announced, the meeting of
residents and the visiting of residents
from house to house is characterized by
entertainment of unusual distinction.
Among the hundreds of attractive homes
that are occupied by recently married
couples the life is particularly interesting,
and much informal, friendly fun is en-
joyed. But there are the magnificenc man-
sions besides, where society folk whose
names are starred, dwell. This entertaining
rivals the splendor of even a capital city.
What is said of Greenwich is only true of
many places that dot the outskirts of the
metropolitan district.

We spoke of transportation facilities,
and it is worthy of remark that the Long
Island Railroad intends opening its Port
Washington division for electrically oper-
ated trains on February 22nd, 1913. This
makes still more accessible that section of
Long Island which runs from the Brook-
lyn city limits out along the north shore
to Port Washington and renders it all the
more attractive. This opens a uniform-
ly desirable district for the home of
moderate cost, and brings this section into
a zone equivalent with up-town New York.

IMPORTANT NEW PUBLICATIONS

Old-fashioned Gardening

By GRACE TABOR

Miss Tabor has given us a notable work in this book
a work that was well worth the doing and one that has
been done so well that it is the authority. It tells of
the gardens of the English Cavalier gentlemen of Vir-
ginia, of the prim New England dooryards, of the Dutch
housewives' gardens of New Amsterdam, of Spanish in-
fluences in the semi-tropical Southwest, and finally, it
tells how to make gardens to-day that will be in keeping
with houses that have come down to us from the past.
Illustrated. $2.00 net; postage 16 cents.

ADDITIONS TO THE HOUSE &1GARDEN "MAKING" BOOKS
Making a Fireplace a y HENRY H. SAYLOR

The construction of successful fireplaces cannot be accomplished offhand.
This book demonstrates clearly just how to go about the work, and treats of
materials, designs and results.

Making a Water Garden ft- VILUAM TRICKER

Water gardens are yearly gaining in popularity as attractive features of the
suburban place. The possibilities of their development are great, if you follow
the suggestions in this book.

EACH SO CENTS NET; pottage Sc.

A BOOK FOR EVERY HOME CRAFTSMAN

'Dyes and

Dyeing

By CHARLES E. PELLEW

\ practical handbook on a craft that has had too little attention
from competent authorities. Stenciling, batik, and tied and dyed
work, are thoroughly covered, as well as the dyeing of feathers,
basketry, leather, silks, cottons, woolens; in fact, practically all ma-
terials that can be dyed. The illustrations include many that show
just how the operations are carried out. The book is an invaluable
one for the home craftsman in a large variety of lines.
Illustrated in color. $2.00 net; postage, 15 cents.

FOR THOSE WHO MOTOR ABROAD

The Best Motor Routes through Europe

By GEORGE D. WEBBER

Gives help and suggestions offered by no other book in existence. In it
there is a tour de luxe over 3,500 miles of perfect road, across six countries,
and through the most magnificent scenery in Europe. As to roads, mountain
passes and every sort of detail you will never be in doubt. Bound in morocco.
Illustrated. $2.00 net; postage 10 cents.

A CAPITAL BOOK OF REMINISCENCE

Theatrical and Musical Memoirs

By RUDOLPH ARONSON

Rudolph Aronson has known everybody in the theatrical world worth knowing
in the last thirty years. He has, moreover, been one of the best known pro-
ducers of modern times, and as the builder of the Casino Theater, New York,
he achieved considerable renown. The book has a wide appeal to readers of
to-day. Illustrated. $2.75 net; postage 30 cents.

YOUR BOOKSELL-
ER CAN SUPPLY
YOU. SEND FOR
CATALOGUE.

STANDARD BOOKS
IN VARIOUS FIELDS

The Country House Library

Architectural Styles for

Country Houses
Edited by HENRY H.
. SAYLOR. Illustrated. $2.00
net; postage 20 cents.

The Half-timber House

By ALLEN W. JACKSON.

Illustrated. $2.00 net;
postage 20 cents.

Concrete and Stucco
Houses

By OSWALD C. HERING.

Illustrated. $2.00 net;
postage 20 cents.

Trie Dutch Colonial House

By AYMAR EMBURY, II.

Illustrated. $2.00 net;
postage 20 cents.

Reclaiming the Old House

By CHAS. EDW. HOOPER.

Illustrated. $2.00 net;
postage 20 cents.

Furnishing the Home of
Good Taste

By LUCY ABBOT THROOP.
Illustrated. $2.00 net;
postage 20 cents.

Bungalows

By HENRY H. SAYLOR.

Illustrated. $2.00 net;
postage 20 cents.

Where Socialism Failed

By STEWART GRAHAME.

Illustrated. $1.50 net;
postage 12 cents.

Cardinal de Richelieu

By ELEANOR C. PRICE.

Illustrated. $3.25 net;
postage 16 cents.

Caesar Borgia

By JOHN LESLIE GARNER.

Illustrated. $3.25 net;
postage 20 cents.

The Crime of 1812

By EUGENE LABAUME.

Illustrated. $2.75 net;
postage 1 6 cents.

China's Revolution

By EDWIN J. DINGLE.

Illustrated. $3.50 net;
postage 20 cents.

BRIDF:. NAST & co.

JNION SQJJA

Let us enter your
name lor a year's free
subscription to "The
Quill," a litt'e raiga-
zine of books and
authors.

Pi!

OF COURSE !

"The Wood
Eternal."

McCRAY REFRIGERATORS

Aotivo cold Kir circulation Sanitary

Send for Catalogue.

McCRAY REFRIGERATOR COMPANY,

393 Lake St.. Kendallville. Ind.

Andromeda
Sorrel Tree

Fine Specimens

Send for Catalog
The Elm City Nursery Co.
New Haven, Connecticut

BOOKLET FREE "Modern Bathrooms of Character."

The Trenton Potteries Co.

The Largest Manufacturers of Sanitary Pottery in the
U. S. A. Trenton, New Jersey.

A Splendid Lot of Trees

Send for Catalog
The Elm City Nursery Co.

Norway

PlapICS New Haven. ' Connecticut

GROWN IN NEW JERSEY

under soil and climate advantages,
Steele's Sturdy Stock is the satisfac-
tory kind. Great assortment of Fruit,
Nut, Shade and Evergreen Trees,
Small-fruit Plants, Hardy Suruos,
Roses, etc. Fully Described in my
Beautiful Illustrated Descriptive Cat-
alogue it's free!
T.E.STEELE, Pomona Nurerie,Palmyra,N.J.

BUILD A DISTINCTIVE HOME

Regardless of the cost your home may be built from a dis-
tinctive design characteristic of you of a necessity it
will be beautiful. "Distinctive Homes and Gardens" gives

!all possible assistance by showing countless examples of what is good,
'covering every phase of building. No. i 35 designs, $1000 to $6000,
'$1.00; No. 2 35 designs, $6000 to $15000, $1.00; No. 3 Combining
NIL i and 2, $1.50. Stock plans priced in each book.
THE KAUFFMAN COMPANY 623 Roe Building, Cleveland, Ohio

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEDRCAKY, 1913

| KENNEL DEPARTMENT |

The Paramount

Dog Food

The most healthful food you can give
your dogs. Tempting, nourishing, easy to
prepare. Always satisfies. Absolutely pure
and free from chemicals. The favorite
food of thousands of dogs. Used in the
leading kennels throughout the world.

Do not forget the name "O-S-O-K-O."

Manufactured by

Spillers & Bakers, Ltd.. Cardiff, England
Send for sample and Booklet No. 7

H, A. Robinson & Co.

Importers

128 Water Street New York City

FOR SALE Belgian Hares, Lop-eared
Rabbits, Poultry, Pigeons, Canaries, Parrots,
Cats, Pet Dogs and all kinds of Pet Stock.

On receipt of 10 cents we mail highly illustrated de-
scriptive catalogue, which gives full information of 49
breeds of dogs, several breeds of cattle, sheep, swine,
rabbits, ferrets; price list free.

C. L. B. LANDIS Dept. 345, Reading, Pa.

BEAUTIFUL CATS AND
FLUFFY KITTENS FOR SALE

Short-haired Domestic, Rare Manx-
Siamese and Abyssinian, Native long-
haired and pedigreed Persians. Ideal
boarding place for Cats, Dogs and
Birds. Resident Veterinarian. Write
for beautifully Illustrated Catalogue
and Sales lists.

BLACK SHORT HAIRED CATTERY
Oradoll. N. J.

AIREDALE TERRIERS

Thi bill ill 'round tat ind companion

Our Terriers are blue ribbon winners at
New York, Beaton. Pittaburc, Chicago.
Kanaas City and other large nhown.

Puppies for Sale, $25 and Up.

Champion Red Raven at Stud.

Fee$25. The greatest living sire.

Beautiful illustrated booklet for stamp
ELMHURST FARM KENNELS

BU. E. KANSAS CITY MO

A Child's Delight

SHETLAND PONY

is an unceasing source of
pleasure. A safe and ideal
playmate. Hakes the child
strong and of robust health.
Highest type complete out-
fi t a here. Inexpensive.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Write

for illustrated catalog.

BELLE MEADE FARM

Box 3* Marlchnm. Vi

G. D.TILLEY

3\Caturalist

Beautiful Swan:, Fancy Pheas-
ants, Peafowl, Cranes, Storks,
Ornamental Ducks and Geese,
Flamingoes, Game and Cage Birds

"Everything in the bird line from a
Canary to an Ostrich"

I am the oldest established and largest exclusive
dealer in land and water birds in America and have on
hand the most extensive stock in the United States.

G. D. TILLEY, Box H, Darien, Connecticut

POULTRY DEPARTMENT

Yam. BUck Minorca H,

A S. C. BLACK MINORCAS
an egg 30% larger than die
ige first-class egg sen
York marltet^whit*
d lots of themand t!
for ait extra price.

YAMAS.C.BJ

being Urge si
breasts, are very
the table.

YAMAS.C.

hare scored
shown fou
possible five at
Square Garden S

ggs for hatchin;
exhibition stole

Utility hatching
15 a hundred.

red Rock hens were awarded p
at the last New York Mad
Square Garden Poultry Show I
of any other breeder.

ggs for hatching from o

pens, $10 a setting; utility e
$3 a setting; $15 a

Napanoch,
r Co.. New York.

Lice and Other Poultry Pests

THE hen's chief enemy is the louse, and
often this pest is present when least
suspected. Its continued presence will
surely result in decreased vitality, irritabil-
ity, suspension of laying, abnormal appe-
tite, and paves the way to disease. Most
of the erratic doings of hens may be traced
to lice. When setting hens fidget and
leave their nests, it is often due to lice.
If the nests become unpopular with the
laying members of the flock, lice are usual-
ly the cause of the trouble.

Chicks that appear droopy and peevish
are often lice-infested. With young
chicks results are fatal unless the trouble
is remedied. Lice will work into the ears
and nostrils of newly-hatched chicks,
causing their death in a few hours.

Examine the hens frequently for lice,
looking under the wings and about the
vent. Intense redness of the skin indicates
their presence even when they are not
readily seen. The lice which infest poul-
try are very small, varying in color from
white to reddish.

Small black fleas are also a great tor-
ture to fowls.

Roughened legs with the skin twisted
and gnarled into thick, irregular scales,
are due to the perch-mite, a small, red,
spidery creature.

The lice make the hens their abiding
place, and it is when they have bred to
great numbers that they infest the nests
and perches noticeably a condition which
soon develops in warm weather. With
the perch-mite the case is a little different.
The roost is their lurking place, the fowls
being troubled at night. Therefore, while
almost any drastic measures may be em-
ployed to cleanse the building, care must
be used in dealing with the hens them-
selves.

Pyrethrum powder or flowers of sul-
phur puffed through the plumage of the
bird with a bellows once a week will rid
them of the pests.

To prevent their being re-infested, the
quarters must be carefully treated. A
very effective louse-killer in the form of a
paint to be applied to roosts, drop-boards
and nests is made of equal parts of tar
and kerosene with carbolic acid in the
proportion of one pint of pine tar, one pint
of kerosene and one tablespoonful of car-
bolic acid. It is applied with a brush, and
the abominable smell lasts a long time.
The lice and other vermin cannot endure
its fumes, and succumb while the fowls
are roosting.

It is wiser to treat setting hens before
the advent of the chicks, but when this has
been neglected you will have to give the
little things attention at once. When the
hatch has been completed, lay a small
piece of board, painted on both sides with
the preparation, in the bottom of the coop
and close it for about ten minutes. After
this time remove the board and ventilate.
After several hours repeat this.

Where the perch-mite is the only
trouble, painting the roosts with kerosene
(Continued on page 86)

n writing to adrerti'crs please mention HOI-SE AND GARDEN.

FEBRUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

POULTRY DEPARTMENT

VICTORIA

"Just what I came out for"

CHICKEN MEAL

Now on Sale in America

Hundreds of thousands of chickens have
been successfully raised on this celebrated
English Chicken Meal which is used exclu-
sively by leading foreign fanciers.

Prove it by trying it for a week on a
single brood of chicks and compare their
appearance with a brood fed on some other
food. The results will astonish you.

Send for free sample and the Victoria Poultry Book

Manufactured by

Spillers & Bakers, Ltd., Cardiff, England

H. A. Robinson & Co.

Importers
128 Water Street New York City

Greider's Fine Catalogue

and calendar of fine, pure-bred poultry for 1913. This
book contains many pages of poultry facts. 70 differ-
ent varieties, some shown in natural colors. All
illustrated and described, tells how to make hens lay,
raise and care for them, all about the Famous Greider
Incubators and Brooders. Shows photo of the largest
poultry farm In Penn. Prices of breeding stock and
eggs for hatching and supplies within reach of all.
A perfect guide to all poultry raisers. Send 10c for
this noted book on poultry.
B. H. GREIDER. Box 70, Rlteems, Pa.

DAY- OLD CHICKS

Healthy, vigorous, from heavy laying stock.
Guaranteed full count and satisfactory. Place
your order NOW and avoid the earl) spring
rush.

Hatching Eggs Breeding Stock
8. C. W. Leghorns, White and Harred Uocks.
All eggs and stock GUARANTEED.

Write for big new catalog: "Tywacana Qual-
ity. Contains full description and prices.
TYWACANA FARMS POULTRY CO.

A. E. Wright, Supt.
Box 63. Farmingdale, Long Island, N. Y.

</FARMi

POULTRY CO

How I Bred $50 to $1600 in 2 Years

I want to tell you Low one man took $50 worth of my
kind of poultry anil In two years multiplied them to sixteen
hundred dollars In value. He was a noTlce and started In
a bo* stall. A true and convincing story, told by the man
himself. You can do the same, or start smaller and grow.
More experience of the same kind, illustrated. Ask me
for the book. It is free.

RICE, 451 Howard Street, Meirose, Massachusetts

Poultry Guide Post

Do You Own This Book?

A really practical, de-
pendable Poultry Book.

By Philip R. Park.
Over 125 new, clever and
artistic illustrations by
Henry Grossman Grover.
Bound attractively and

uniquely in burlap.
$1.00 postpaid Send today

Your money back if
you do not find it the
best, most practical and
most interesting book
yet written on poultry.

Park & Pollard Co.

34 Canal St., Boston, Mass

White Fl.

Dogwood J he H lm City 1 ^ urBery t ?- l .

M*r\*r& ww wv* New Haven, Connecticut

Large Specimens

Send for Catalog

Witch
Hazel

Fine Specimens

Send for Catalog

THE ELM CITY NURSERY CO.

New Haven, Connecticut

1 Si!

Yama-No-Uchi

"Home in the Mountains" is the
name bestowed on an American-
Japanese estate by a well-known
Japanese statesman.

A thousand acres have been added to
this "Home in the Mountains"
Yama Farms where we are special-
izing in farm products of exceptional
quality.

SPECIALTIES
Yama S. C. Black Minorcas have heen

developed until their eggs exceed by 30 '.!' the size of the
best average first-class egs in the New York market.

Yama Barred Plymouth Rocks. w e believe

nohody has us fine an overage flock of Barred Hocks
us Yama Farms, opefially in the pullet line.

Yama SiJUabs at four weeks weigh from one pound
to one and a half pounds. These are produced by
crosses of imported Hungarians, Florentines, Runts, etc.

Yflma Yorkshire PigS. Yama Farms is the
:*' hoiite of Maryann, No. 11,281, and Salome of the
Cedars, No,. 11576, and many other celebrated breeders
^ of record in the American Yorkshire Club.

Yama BrOOk TrOUt. On our game preserve
we breed for size and feed for natural flavor. Per-
haps you have seen our trout in the tank at the
Waldorf-Astoria.

Yama Farms Jerseys. or new cow bam on

farm No. 4 contains the choicest butt ^r-makirig Jerseys
. among them some ;of the finest specimens in the
Advanced Register of Merit of the Jersey Cattle Club.
Ibis barn is equipped with live steam for daily sterili-
zation; a vacuum cleaner for cleaning cows; open fire
place' for perfect ventilation; and the dairy will be the
last word for either certified raw milk or pasteurized
dairy products.

The Yama Farms Inn, to be opened bere next
season (guests by invitation cards only), will be sup"
plied with the special products from these farms.

Yama Farms

Napanoch, Ulster County, New York

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

HOUSE AND GARDEN |

FEBRUARY, 1913

A LITTLE BOOK ABOUT ROSES

for 1913 will, as usual, be ready on or about
February 1st.

This publication is now generally conceded
to be the most helpful, beautiful, and inspiring
book of its kind ever published, and no grower
or would-be grower of Roses can afford to
overlook it.

This year's edition tells you more of the most
important epoch in out-door Rose growing that
the world has yet seen a triumph of American
effort.

A copy will be sent to recent customers as
soon as out to intending purchasers upon ap-
plication, and to anyone, without obligation to
purchase, upon receipt of lOc (to insure appre-
ciation) in coin or stamps. Apply NOW.

GEORGE H . P EjT E R S O N

ROSE and PEONY SPECIALIST, Box 30, Fair Lawn, N.J.

ORCHARDS

MADE TO PAY

JBI

Expert

Advisory Orchard _

Service at a Nominal Cost

We will examine your orchard advise
as to its condition, and the care It needs
for the producing of good fruit, and then
develop an economical system for giving
it tliat care.

Besides teaching your men correct
methods, this service includes suggestions
on cultivating, spraying, pruning, thin-
ning, packing and marketing.

Where the number of trees in one
orchard is not large enough to warrant
an owner bearing the entire expense of
such advisory service, several owners can
combine, or club together with others in
the vicinity.

Such a service is invaluable alike to
the man starting an orchard, and the
one having old trees. The advice and
assistance of an expert becomes yours
at a nominal cost.

The particulars of this branch of our
service are told in detail in a valuable
little booklet we have Just published,
called "Making Orchards Pay." Send

Munson Whitaker Co.

Forest Engineers

New York : 823 Fourth Ave. Bldg.
Boston : : : 623 Tremont Bldg.
Chicago : 513 Commercial Bank Bldg.

s an English
_wn andajHjrfect Garden

THE LAWNS OF OLD ENGLAND

are famous for their wonderful perfection and durability
Such lawns may be had here if real

IMPORTED ENGLISH LAWN GRASS SEED

is used. This seed is the result of centuries of selection.
No weed seeds or coarse grasses in it. Hardy and flne in texture
and beautiful in color. We have handled this seed for
more than one hundred years. We import the choicest
Quality only, with seed for shady places a specialty.

Write for free Booklet.
"How To Seed & Keep A Beautiful Lawn"

Barwell's Agricultural Works

Madison and Sands Sts., Waukegan, 111.

Established at Leicester, England, in 1800.

f\ A T* O KILLED BY SCIENCE

KA S.DANYSZ VIRUS

*** is a Bacteriological Preparation
* POISON-Harmleu to Animal, othorthu
,,. SfHS i" the OD " U ' Fop m * 11 bomt. 1 tube.

AND NOT A

moue-like rodeats. *,, ula ln wioopen. *or until nouic. 1 tub*.
75o: ordinary dwellmi. a tubes. $1.76: Uriet Dlace for raoh 6 MM fa
ft. Boor oe tire 1 do.en. 0.00. Send now.

York

Independent Chemical Company. 72 Front Street. Ne

Euony mus

A Complete
Collection of
Housewares

Y searching through many different stores
you might possibly duplicate or find a sub-
stitute for any article in our stock, but nowhere
else under one roof can be found such a complete
collection of things of use and beauty for the
home things in china, glass or metal ; things
for the dining-room, kitchen or laundry the
things which mark the well-appointed household.

45th St. and 6th Ave., New York

(Continued from page 84)

and using a mixture of grease and sulphur,
or kerosene and sulphur on the legs of the
fowls is effectual.

Too much care cannot be exercised to
keep your fowls free from insect pests. It
is a subject that deserves constant watch-
fulness, especially during the summer
months.

M. ROBERTS CONOVER

in writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

Training the Dog VI

GRANTED an apt and willing pupil
and a teacher whose heart is really
in the work, the possibilities of teaching
the dog to perform various tricks are
almost unlimited. A certain amount of
ingenuity on the part of the teacher,
coupled with alertness in watching for
and taking advantage of any peculiari-
ties or mannerisms of the dog and de-
veloping them into regular accomplish-
ments, will in very many cases lead to
tricks which, in their originality and ap-
parent evidence of logical reasoning, are
far more effective than the ordinary run
of things which the average dog is
taught. Not that the familiar, time-worn
tricks should be neglected ; on the con-
trary, many of them are really desirable.
But it is the new ones, the unique ac-
complishments, that open up the largest
field to the ambitious trainer.

It is not my purpose here nor, in-
deed, is it possible in any series of
articles to cover all the possibilities in
what may be justly considered a subject
separate and apart from the dog's strict-
ly utilitarian education. But a fair selec-
tion of tricks will be described in their
natural sequence, and suggestions made
for a number of others ; with these as a
foundation, the rest is really dependent
on teacher and pupil alone.

In the great majority of cases, it is
unwise to attempt teaching your dog any
of the so-called tricks until he has thor-
oughly mastered the leseons "come,"
"lie down" and "heel." Exceptions, of
course, arise; for example, if a marked
inclination to bring various objects to
you is shown, it may be encouraged at
once and developed until it becomes the
commonly seen accomplishment "fetch."
This, by the way, is an example of what
I said above relative to taking advantage
of your pupil's peculiarities. As a gen-
eral thing, however, don't worry your-
self and the dog by attempting anything
of an "extra curriculum" nature, until
the three essentials mentioned have been
driven firmly home.

In taking up the actual teaching of
tricks, it is as well to commence with
that good old standby "sit up" or "beg."
Take the dog to a corner of the room
a corner where two walls form a right
angle and placing him therein, kneel or
sit on the floor before him. Now take
one of the dog's front legs in each hand,
holding them near his shoulders so as to
avoid all possibility of his twisting away

(Continued on page 135)

FEBRUARY, 1913

LEND us your ears for a few
minutes. We want to take
you into our confidence about
some of the books we have ar-
ranged to publish this spring.
You know already what a repu-
tation for dependability and in-
terest our practical books have,
so it is unnecessary to dilate on
this side of the subject. We
know pretty well what you think
of them by the number you have
purchased. You have bought
thousands of those vade me-
cums big term for a small
book of the house and the gar-
den, the "Making" Books, and in
announcing four new titles we
have only to mention the
names, which are as follows:
"Making a Fireplace," "Making
a Water Garden," "Making a
Garage" end "Making and Furnishing Outdoor Rooms and Porches.

Nearly everybody to-day, no matter what his or her vocation, is able
to do something with the hands, is a craftsman in some manner. It
may be gardening, photography, woodworking, leather carving, book-
binding, or any one of a dozen other useful diversions that train the
hands to work as well as the mind. But whatever it is, there is one
craft that is used in connection with so many others that it seems a
necessity to have some knowledge of it if one would be successful.
Charles E. Pellew, who was formerly Adjunct Professor of Chemis-
try at Columbia University, has written a book about this craft called
"Dyes and Dyeing." His book is one of the "show how" kind, taking
up all sorts of materials, such as feathers, basketry, leather, silks,
cotton, woolen, etc.

Professor Pellew came in the other day and showed specimens of
his own craftsmanship exquisitely dyed silk scarfs, some of which
were iridescent with soft colors that blended imperceptibly into
one another, and others of one shade, shades that were so delicate
that they could be described only by the word "delicious" and they
were !

Chas. Edw. Hooper, who wrote another of our forthcoming books
"Reclaiming the Old House"- is very much wrapped up in his subject,
and always has been, if we are to take seriously his remarks, made the
other day to one of the editorial staff.

"It seems as if the most of my life was mixed up with the HOUSE. I
was born in one. Either to cheat the relic hunters or to prevent the
infection of my peculiar type of brain, the HOUSE was torn down soon
after. It never had a chance to be reclaimed. Later, when I was
whipped in the barn for running away,- 1 flew to the HOUSE. When I
had arrived at an age necessary to the successful dulling of saws,
planes and other edge tools, I had need of the HOUSE again. When I
was naughty (which was common), I was frequently kept in the
HOUSE.

"When I began to acquire knowledge the often painful operation
was performed in a school HOUSE. Seeing a drawing of St. Paul's, I
decided that I would be an architect and began the attack on the
HOUSE in earnest. I have moved all over New York from HOUSE to
HOUSE. Why, the ordinary New Yorker will understand without
being told.

"Finally I entered the employ of a publishing HOUSE. While there,
I was delegated to persuade the late James J. Tissot that he was in
urgent need of a new likeness. He refused to agree and politely
offered an old photograph which dated back to the time when the
visiting Germans very politely circumnavigated the Arch de Triomphe.
Still I persisted and tracked him to his boarding HOUSE, at the corner
of Fifth Avenue and Thirty-fourth Street, New York. Assisted by
the elevator, I climbed into the great man's presence, hardly daring
to hope for results. We conversed on generalities for a few mo-
ments, all of which time he was regarding me intently. Soon, with

that delightful apologetic panto-
mime which only a Frenchman
can render, he remarked : ' Par-
don, Monsieur, but you have the
Christ head.' Now as I'd been
pestered nearly to death by my
artist friends before and had al-
most posed as Mr. Mephisto-
phcles and the Ghost in 'Mac-
beth,' I wasn't much surprised,
and, further, I saw my advantage.
'Mr. Tissot," said I, 'there is a
nice little photographic HOUSE
over across the street where we
can go and get both our pictures
taken.' Of course he bit at that,
and after we swapped caricatures,
each went his way happy.

"Later, when I had discov-
ered that a passing education in
practical plumbing was fully as
satisfactory as any knowledge of
art to fill the editor's chair, I left the publishing HOUSE. Since then
I have started to build a HOUSE of my own; and considering present
conditions and my own uneasy temperament, I shall be always at work
on that HOUSE."

Ernest K. Coulter, author of "The Children in the Shadow," which
will be published this month, helped to organize the New York
Children's Court, and as Clerk served there for nearly ten years,
during which time he saw one hundred thousand children arraigned!
He has thoroughly investigated the case of the delinquent child, and in
this book are the remarkable results of his labors. Congestion, ac-
cording to Mr. Coulter, is responsible for the alarming criminality
among children, and in tracing the blame for this congestion he finds
it in the insufficient and inefficient laws relating to tenement houses.
This, in turn, is the result of apathy on the part of that portion of the
population that is silent as long as there is no personal application of
these wrongs. The book is calculated to stir these people to a realiza-
tion of what is their part in the situation. It is a dramatic but sane
exposition of one of the most vital problems of the day.

There are plenty of people nowadays who do not play "bridge," and
the same may be said with reference to golf. Not that there is any
connection between the two games, but it is a fact that many people
who might otherwise take up golf are deterred from doing so because
"it is pretty late in the day to begin." There is a book for just these
people, "Golf for the Late Beginner," by Henry Hughes. Mr. Hughes
himself took up the game after he had reached middle age, and with
his experience fresh in mind explains the correct principles of golf in
a way that is especially helpful to the late beginner.

"Thorney" is a new novel by Alexander Black. Never mind what
the title signifies the story is about a desert island, a girl and a man.
"There's nothing new about a desert island," say you. Ah, that is
just the point ! But there is something new about this story. Here
in the office we have fallen in well, you'll have a chance at it your-
self soon.

These few remarks cover only a fraction of the activities of our
book department. There are books of travel, housebuilding books,
biography, gardening books, and useful arts of other varieties; in fact,
a well-rounded list

TRAVEL is for expansion. We have recently absorbed The Tourist
Magazine, which was in a field similar to that of TRAVEL, and the
magazine will now have the advantage of an increased circulation and
a somewhat broader field. Next month there will be another important
announcement in connection with TRAVEL. It will be on the same
general scheme of expansion, but along somewhat different lines.

I 88

HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY, 1913

HE Stately Lawns and Beautiful Gardens of Old England
are a witness to the quality of English Seeds.

Carter's English Tested Seeds, the " Seeds with Pedigree," are used
by the most notable Gardens and Estates including the famous Kew
Gardens, Windsor and Buckingham Castles, and other royal seats. They are
grown by James Carter & Co., of Raynes Park, London, Seed Growers to His
Majesty King George V.

Messrs. Carter & Co. use methods of growing, selecting and testing, and ma-
chines for assorting and cleaning, that are not known elsewhere. They have
only one standard of quality - - the highest. You may buy Carter's English
Tested Seeds in the United States and receive the same quality as supplied to
the Royal Gardens of England at little, if any, more cost than ordinary seeds.
They are the most profitable seeds for you because of the results you will ob-
tain. They include flower and vegetable seeds of every kind, including many
rare varieties, grass seeds for lawns, tennis courts, golf courses, etc.

The Catalog of Carter's English Tested Seeds is both interesting and valuable. Prices are
in American money. A complimentary copy will be mailed you on request. Write for it.

PATTERSON, WYLDE AND COMPANY

SOLE AGENTS OF JAMES CARTER & COMPANY IN UNITED STATES AND CANADA

106 Chamber of Commerce Building, Boston, Massachusetts

Representative stocks carried in Boston and Toronto, Ontario

In -writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

CONTENTS

FEBRUARY, 1913

CONTENTS DESIGN : PHOTOGRAPH BY GRACE ASPINNYALL
FRONTISPIECE: PHOTOGRAPH BY JULIAN A. DIMOCK

89
go

OUR WINTER IN THE HAPPY VALLEY gi

By A. W. Dimock

THE VITAL FUNCTIONS OF LIGHT IN THE HOME 95

By F. Laurent Godines

A SUMMER HOME WELL FURNISHED 97

By Mary H. Northend

BEAUTIFYING THE SMALL BACKYARD 100

THE LURE OF THE ORCHID 102

By Tyndall Bishop

THE PLACE OF BUILT-IN FURNITURE IN THE HOUSE 105

By Louise Shrimp ton

FOLIAGE PLANTS EVERYONE MAY GROW 108

By F. F. Rockwell

A PAGE OF OLD LANTERNS 1 1 1

SERVICEABLE GARAGES OF GOOD DESIGN 112

By A. Raymond Ellis

OLD PHILADELPHIA HOUSES

By Harold Donaldson Eberlcin

THE HUNDRED PER CENT. GARDEN.
Bv F. F. Rockwell

THE HOME OF DR. THEODORE ABBOTT

Parker Morse Hooper, Architect

INSIDE THE HOUSE

Floral Decoration at Home
To Clean Unlacqucred Brass
Hiding the Unsightly Radiator
A Convenient Shelf Closet

116

118

120

GARDEN SUGGESTION AND QUERIES 122

First Steps Toward the Vegetable Garden
How Much to Plant
The Ice Crop
Pruning and Spraying

EDITORIAL 124

McBRIDE, NAST fcf COMPANY,

31 East jyth Street, New York

Robert M. McBride, President; Condi Nast, Vice-President; Henry H. Saylor, Treasurer. Published Monthly. 25 cents per copy; $3.00 per year. For
Foreign Postage, add $1.00; Canadian, 50 cents. Entered as second-class matter at the Post-office, at New York, N". Y., under act of March 3, 1879.

VOLUME XXIII

HENRY H. SAYLOR
Editor

WILLIAM A. VOLLMER
Managing Editor

NUMBER a

Even a severe winter spent in a cabin perched among the snow-covered mountains is full of attraction. The magnificence of the winter woods, the
thrill of tramps on snow shoe and ski, the comfortable evenings beside the broad fireplace, these are pleasures that are as appealing as are
those of spring and summer

I D. f. P A T I K T OFFIC

VOLUME XXIII

February, 1913

NUMBER 2

In the winter wonderland sluggishly cutting its snake-like course through the drifts in the valley the stream made miniature avalanches and icebergs

easily suggestive of the Titans of the north

Our Winter in the Happy Valley

BY A. W. DlMOCK
Photographs by Julian A. Dimock

"OUPPOSE we stay here all winter!"

^~J I remarked, as I gazed from the
cabin window upon a snow-laden
spruce.

"What, here in the mountains? We
might be snowed in !''

"Yes, that's why," I replied.

"But what if we are sick and want a
doctor?"

"That's why, too. If we can't get a
doctor we won't be sick."

"What will we do for companions?"

"You will have I mean 7 will have
the best there is."

"I told you it was time to take in our
red apples, and now it is too late," was
the irrelevant response.

"This snow is a month ahead of the
calendar, but let's have a look at the
tree."

We started for our orchard, wading

Winter is chill but alluring

through the unseasonable, snow. The face
of Nature had changed overnight and the
dark sides of the mountain, only half hid-
den by the bare boughs and trunks of the
forest, were now of a dazzling whiteness.
The black caverns of the opposite cliff
were lighted up by snowy masses cling-
ing to its face. A turn in the path opened
out to us the hardy little orchard. Our
steps halted and we were silent as we
gazed at our favorite tree. Its very
branchlet curved downward with the
weight of the snow ; the larger limbs were
piled high. As we stood spellbound, the
late-rising sun lit up scores of rosy-
cheeked apples resting on their snowy
couch, while a robin perched upon a white
twig added his song to the anachronism.
At sight of us the bird flew away, per-
chance to prepare for his southern flight,
while the girl at my side following him

(91)

9-2

HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY, 1913

What automobile trip can compare with the jolted progress through the

snow-filled valleys in an ox-drawn si

with her eyes stood silent for an instant, then quoted:
" ' Or the redbreast sit and sing,
Betwixt the tufts of snow on the bare branch
Of mossy apple tree.' "

Feeling that the psychological moment had come, I quoted in
turn,

"Shall 'we leave the town with its hundred noises,
For woodland quiet and silvery voices ?' '
As no reply was forthcoming to this I continued coaxingly,
"Won't you brave the winter with me?"
I don't know to this hour what the decision would have
been had the lady been left to herself, but a bunch of
cheery chickadees, scattering the snow from the twigs of
a nearby sapling as they hopped about, chipped in with
their merry "Chick-a-dee-dee-dee-dee !"

Then my hand was taken as I listened to words that
came from laughing lips, though in trembling tones:
" 'Then come the wild weather, come sleet and come snow,
We'll stand by each other however it blow.' "
And thus began our winter in the Happy Valley. The
first snow melted in forty-eight hours, to the heightened
brawling of the mountain brooks and the increased roar
of the cascades about us, and the Indian summer days
came back, when again we wandered afield with knap-
sacks on our backs to visit our favorite butternut, hickory
and chestnut trees. The gray squirrels knew that we car-
ried no guns and barked at us fearlessly, while the reds
chuckled and trilled in their funny fashion from over our
heads as they robbed our trees. As the mornings became
colder and ice began to show on the borders of the streams,
our walks became brisker and we climbed the nearby
heights from which we looked upon the tops of snow-
crowned mountains, some of them forty miles away. On
the warmer days we wandered slowly and silently near
the stream, watching for the mink that often appeared,
and once we were rewarded by the sight of an otter which
displayed himself for a full minute while we held our
breath. Sometimes we took after-dark walks, which were
never lacking in thrill, for the mountains have voices and
there are always sounds in the forest. A heavy step in
the thicket on the hillside near you may be any wild
creature your imagination fancies.

It was a month after our untimely snow when there
came a rain followed by a freezing night which made the
face of the forest a mass of sunlight-reflected jewels. All
nature was coated with the purest ice, from the rough crag

to the tinest twig, and as the branches swayed slightly in the
o-entle breeze the colors of the spectrum flashed from a million
points and sparkling tiaras met the eye wherever it turned. As
the breeze increased the air was filled with a tinkling sound and
from the lighter twigs streams of stimulating particles poured
down upon a field of ice. As we looked the girl at my side in a
low tone quoted:

"'Look! the mossy trunks,

Are cased in the pure crystal; each light spray.

Nodding and tinkling in the breath of heaven,

Is studded with its trembling water drops.' "
"Wasn't it worth while staying in the mountains just for this?''
I asked.

"It is worth everything!" she exclaimed, "and I am going to
write to the girls to come right up here."
A few days later I received the following:

"Dear Uncle Archie:

Aunt Lucy is a peach and a darling and so are you. Of course
we will be with you for the holidays, Marian and I, and I hope
to goodness it will snow so 'hard that we can't get away until
spring. Please see that the snowshoes are properly greased for
Marian, if that's what ought to be done, and have the skis
sharpened for me, if that's what happens to them. Don't send to
the station for us. It's only twelve miles and we will walk in.
We did a hike of ten miles last summer and we can do two more,
easy. Then we will show you how to eat supper.

"Your loving niece, Madge."

All kinds of gruesome monsters appear among the rocks where snow and
shadow form strange profiles and distorted faces

FEBRUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN |

"P. S. For the love of Mike, don't tell Mother that we are
going to walk in, or she would put the kibosh on the whole busi-
ness. Perhaps you had better not show this letter to Aunt Lucy.
I can trust you, but there is no telling what she might write to
Mother."

"See here," said I to the lady to whom I had just read the fore-
going, "something must be done to keep those wild nieces of
vours from tramping twelve miles through the snow."

"Don't worry. They'll never try it."

Two days before Christmas a heavy snow-fall made the trip
through the mountain pass from Shokan, the nearest station,
impracticable, and the only way for the girls to reach us was from
the west, by another road and a drive of more than twenty miles.

"I am afraid this snow has spoiled your Christmas," said I
to the lady as we sat by the fire on Christmas Eve, near the
hour when St. Nick was due to come clown the chimney. "1
know how anxious you were for the girls to get here and I
wanted to see them myself."

"Don't worry, for you'll see them, all right. Those youngsters
will be along tomorrow. Of course, they can't get through the
Gulf, but they will go around by way of Ellenville and find some
one who will get them through the drifts on that side. You will
hear their sleigh bells before sunset tomorrow."

"I'll be jiggered if I don't hear something like them now."

"I hear it, too, but it is coining from Shokan way. I wonder
who it can be."

We didn't wonder long, for there were voices as well as bells

The face of nature is changed over night and beyond the snow laden spruce
the once bare boughs and trunks of the forest show a dazzling whiteness

After long tramps on ski and snow shoe even the slow going ox team is
acceptable to carry one home

and a clattering at the door which burst open to give tumultuous
entrance to four fur-clad, snow-covered young people. The
first girl to get inside greeted me with an enthusiasm that left
me snow-covered and near-breathless.

"How your many admirers would envy me now, .Marian, if
they only knew."

"It wouldn't do them any good, but who told you that
1 had any?"

"I heard that you rolled up a dozen victims at the sea-
shore last summer."

"Somebody has slandered me. Uncle Archie. I don't
think there were more than six." said the child, sadly, but
she brightened up as she added, "I don't remember that
any got away, though."

When the confusion had partially subsided I thought of
my responsibility for the bunch of youngsters in my house,
and I began by upbraiding the man who had brought
them in.

"What made you take the risk of

"Couldn't help it," said he, interrupting. "They was
jist bent on comin', and if I hadn't fetched 'em they'd 'a'
tried it afoot, and you wouldn't 'a' liked

"It wasn't his fault a bit," interposed Madge, "for we
told him it was so important for us to get through that we
would have to walk if he wouldn't take us. We were
afraid that if we didn't get here tonight Aunt Lucy would
be worried."

"We didn't think you could get through," said that lady.
"You must have been eight hours driving in. First you
must have some supper and then you must tell us what
happened to you in the Gulf."

"We are the hungriest ever, and would all die of starva-
tion before morning, but if you don't cross your heart
and promise to stay in this room while we get our own
supper, we won't eat a mouthful and our blood will be on
your hands, and so say we all of us."

"That's so," added Marian. "We are agreed on that.
Madge has taken a course in domestic science and wants
to try it on the dog. She can fricassee a meringue, or
casserole a truffle, but she can't boil a potato. Then Jack,
he's too stuck up to live just because he was camp cook
last summer."

So the jolly four, Marian and Madge, Jack and his
college chum, Harry Forsyth, an amateur photographer
of parts, got the supper. When the long-drawn-out

I HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY, 191

Winter's magic transformed the grotto into a crystal cave of fairyland,
covering its entrance with silver stalactites

meal was ended, we sat around the
library table with cheese and coffee, but-
ternuts, apples and cider, while Harry
recited his epic on the Passage of the
Gulf. He pictured Scylla in one of
the caves of the precipice on the north
side of the narrow passage and likened
the projecting tree trunks to the long
necks of the snaky monster, while the
chasm on the south side proclaimed itself
Charybdis. The drifts which they en-
countered were treated as dragons and the
shovels with which they were reduced
were accounted spears and javelins.
There were interruptions at first by his
fellow-voyagers, who fancied the narra-
tor had forgotten something, but later all
sat in silent admiration of his imagination.
When the story was finished and the ap-
plause had subsided, Marian demurely in-
quired :

''Did you recite the whole of Virgil, Mr.
Forsyth ?"

"All I could remember, and then some,"
was the prompt reply.

The hours of a winter's day in the
Happy Valley are so few and so precious that it is our custom to
breakfast at daylight. Yet when I came down to that meal the
next morning I found Marian and Harry in the library studying
out the mystery of an Indian snowshoe knot.

"Where are the other infants?" I inquired.

"Madge sa>s she can stand up longer on skis than Jack, and

in a moonlight photograph the lantern made
a snaky trail, but, strangely enough, the
bearer's form was wholly invisible

The sparkling water pours from the dark cavern forming tier upon tier
of flashing icicles as it plunges downward

they are having a contest to prove it."
When they came in to breakfast a little
later their appearance indicated that nei-
ther of them had succeeded in standing up
at all. More snow had fallen during the
night, of the powdery, blowy kind, with
which the north wind playing:

''Curves his white bastions with pro-
jected roof,
Round every windward stake, or tree or

door."

"It snowed a lot, last night, didn't it?"
inquired Marian, between bites of her
buckwheat cakes.

"Yes, young woman," I replied, "and
that Gulf you came through last night is
closed for the winter."

"Hurrah!" exclaimed the child, laying
down her fork to clap her hands. "Then
i can stay here for three months!"

"How do people know when the Gulf
is open so that they can get through?"
inquired Harry.

"They don't. The first to try it last
spring got into trouble. It was the middle

of March when a man came to the cabin to borrow a shovel to
dig his horse and sleigh out of drifts. He had started with his
wife from Shokan in a sleigh. Half way through the Gulf he
abandoned the sleigh. A little farther along the horse stuck in a
drift. I don't know where he left his wife. Probably somewhere
(Continued on page 137)

HE modification
of light sources

The Vital Functions of Light
in the Home

PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS FOR THE AVOIDANCE
OF GLARE THE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS OF
GLASSWARE HOW IT INFLUENCES DIFFUSION-
HINTS FOR MAKING FIXTURES MORE ATTRACTIVE

BY F. LAURENT GODINEZ

EDITOR'S NOTE. Science has advanced much during the last decade in eliminating evils
and correcting abuses, especially those connected with home living. We have a better
architecture, more efficient means of sanitation, but in one department of the home we
remain ivoefully ignorant. The question of illumination is answered to-day with little
consideration of the esthetic. We are entirely unaware of the fast possibilities of light
as a means of decoration and know nothing of its subtle influence upon our health and
even our mental attitude. Mr. Godines has spent much time and careful research in this
field and has astonishing disclosures to make that will awaken our dormant sensibilities.
Although his criticism is direct, it is of the highest order in that he offers a remedy for
each abuse which he makes apparent. He does not advocate any definite equipment, but
he suggests how each individual may make use of his own to best advantage, and what
are the desirable requisites of new material. In this article practical advice for correcting
unsatisfactory illumination is given. The January issue dealt witli the question of eye-
strain and its attendant evils.

for the attainment of

eye-comfort, a t m o s-

phere and repose in the

home involves among other considerations an

analysis of the glassware used in lighting.

Whether in the home or abroad, the over bril-
liancy of modern illuminants should legally

necessitate their concealment within shades

for the purpose of eye protection and, where

necessary, the redistribution of light over

working areas. Since our visual impressions

are invariably acquired from surface indica-
tions, it is evident that the effects and influence
of artificial light are very largely dependent on

its shade or covering. Therefore the source of
light should invariably be concealed in appro-
priate glassware, which then becomes a sec-
ondary source, and through its own character determines our di-
rect or subconscious impressions of the light.

Never introduce in the environment of the home the shades or
globes which suggest the ugly, commonplace, ribbed affairs of the
shop interior. Remember the eye can-
not refrain from straying toward a
source of light and let that source be
mellow, subdued, and artistic.

Several years ago, when electric il-
luminants were less economical than
now, the glassware manufacturer did
his best to make shades which would
reflect, re-direct, and concentrate
every ray of light over a working
area, sacrificing every consideration of
appearance, or beauty, for economic
efficiency. To-day, however, owing to
the wonderful economy of illuminants
and to the increased use of gas and
electric light in thousands of homes,
the glass maker must shape his
product for adornment as well as
utility. Artificial light is so cheap in
cost that the great problem of the
hour is to prevent its becoming cheap

in appearance, and the makers of lighting glassware must come
to the rescue. Some of them have done so, but others still con-
tinue to unload a product which has become old-fashioned as well

Roman numerals indicate comparative
distribution of illumination abore and be-
low the horizontal when various media are
used, i. e., I, with no enclosing globe- II,
with ground glass; III, increased diffusion
with opal /<;.\j.

If the light source here be covered, the pleasing result
of eliminated glare is instantly realized

engineer "for utility."
The more progres-
sive glassmakers who
have done things worth
while, have erred, per-
haps, in that their product is not always so at-
tractive when illuminated as it is by daylight.
'Ihis is because certain forms of glassware for
lighting are adapted to modern illuminants,
and others are not.

While "transparency" is the most common
attribute of glass, there are kinds which are
but slightly transparent, even opaque.

After the fire-clay pots, in which a mixture
of sand, carbonate of soda, carbonate of cal-
cium, and red oxide of lead have been heated
and maintained at a melting temperature, the
furnace is cooled, and the glass, at various
stages of cooling, may be blown, cast, pressed,
rolled, drawn, cut, drilled, ground, and shaped in many forms.
Acid etching, sand blasting and grinding, have various effects in
bringing out the body color and lending texture or softness of
tone, and these various applications modify the appearance of

glassware, and have much to do with
its artistic effect, and its transparency,
which should be carefully considered.
In many interiors with average ceil-
ing heights, lighting fixtures are hung
so that the pendant, or upright shades
are continually within the visual field.
In such cases glassware must be
selected to perform several functions.
Ocular comfort demands that these
globes shall be restful and uninjurious
to the eye, since the brilliancy of the
light source within them must be sub-
dued by their diffusive action.

Globes of harmonious contour and
with that proportion of line, expres-
sive of period and fixture design,
should be selected. It matters not how
beautiful a globe may be, when not il-
luminated, if when lighted an ugly,
glaring splotch of light reveals the lo-
cation of the source, and destroys its pictorial value.

Globes and shades may be of totally enclosing, or semi-enclos-
ing form. The former entirely enclose a light source, or else ex-

as ugly, ignoring all the wonderful possibilities of the chemistry pose but a small portion of the lamp tip. In globes of such form
of glassware for the time-worn argument of the illuminating light from the illuminant within is transmitted through the struc-

(95)

HOUSE

AND

GARDEN

FEBRUARY,

1913 J

ture of the glass, and the pleasing appearance of
such globes and their diffusive properties is en-
tirely dependent upon the nature of the glass and
its surface treatment.

In a totally enclosing globe of ordinary clear
glass, the outer surface of which has been ground
or etched with acid, there is apparent a brilliant
spot of light in the midst of an illuminated area
of less intensity. The microscope and camera
combined were utilized by the writer in studying
the phenomenon of light transmission in various
media and it was noticed that the effect produced
was to allow light rays to pass through the glass
without changing their direction. It is well to
realize that with either an electric bulb or incan-
descent gas mantle, the greatest candle power is
obtained from the side of the lamp, the greatest
radiating surface being there. Naturally from
the tip or base, where the radiating surface is less
and there is much impediment to light rays in
the form of metal sockets or burners, the light is

weakened. Gas or
electric lights are
therefore rated
by their horizon-
tal, or side candle
power. Hence the
electric lamp
which gives six-
teen candle power
on the horizontal, is rated as a six-
teen candle power lamp, despite
the fact that the candle power
from the tip downward (when the
lamp is in a pendent position) is
but 6.6. The bright spot light,
tells us beyond dispute that the
greatest candle power is on the
horizontal and nowhere else
In a room of average
ceiling height, with the
typical fixture drop, such a

globe would allow the greatest amount of light to pass
cdirectly toward the side walls, causing an annoying
glare or reflected light from picture glasses, and leav-
ing the extreme upper and lower portion of the room
in a stratum of darkness. There is positively no ex-
-cuse for the use of ground glass in any form with
modern illuminants. With the older and more sub-
dued types of light sources the spot light effect was,
of course, less aggravated.

I* or example in the Colonial lamp so often seen there
as an appropriately formed globe upon which a de-
sign is cut, the background being ground.
Now, with an oil flame, while there is slight
visibility of the source, it is entirely natural
and therefore good.

Even with a small sized electric bulb of
the carbon type the effect is passable, since,
at least, the amber quality of light sub-
consciously suggests the thing which is
lacking. But with a tungsten lamp we have
a brutal glare, so painful to the eye that one can-
not regard the lamp without squinting, and all the
beautiful detail of the design is lost.

While the use of the amber gelatine film, pre-
viously described, will modify the color value of

Fixture arms at this angle are
incorrectly placed ; the globes
expose the lamps

Source brightness must be sub-
dued to avoid obliterating
.he delicate etching of such
glassware

Bend the fixture arms to
redistribute light, but
use more suitable
glassware

our light source without diminishing it appreci-
ably in quality, the spot light effect will still re-
main as long as ground glass is used. It is a
question, therefore, whether it is not preferable
to choose the lesser of the two evils by placing
over the lamp proper a diffusing cylinder of opal
glass, thereby entirely concealing from view the
ugly source, beneath the pleasant suggestion of
a luminous cylinder, soft and mellow in tone.

When a totally enclosing globe of opal glass
was placed over the same source of light used
with the ground glass globe giving the spot light
effect, it was evident that instead of a brightly
visible spot of light against a blurred, obliterated
background we had a uniformly luminous out-
line. Therefore, any design, or detail on the sur-
face of the glass, in bas relief would be unim-
paired from distortion by "spot light" effect.

Opal glass has the advantage of a smooth, yet
depolished surface, and does not collect dirt
like ground 'glasswa're. with its rough exterior.
Phosphate glass,
like opal, holds in
suspension innum-
erable particles of
an opaque w h i t e
color. Most ordi-
nary opal glass-
ware resembles
phosphate glass,
with the exception that the sus-
pended particles in the former are
often visible, and are flake-like and
blotchy in appearance.

Another grade of this glass,
known as Etruscan opal, is being
offered by several glassmakers,
with a granite surface treatment,
rich in expression. Several excel-
lent imitations of carved ala-
baster bowls have been quite
beautifully rendered in

pressed form. Their effect when lighted is beautiful.
In choosing glassware it requires no expert to dis-
tinguish ground from opal glass. Invariably with
ground glass there is the glaring spot light effect, de-
spoiling the beauty of design or ornamentation and
distracting the eye. Opal glass is known by its soft,
pleasing diffusion, and concealment of source. It is
only in its cheapest and most translucent forms that
there is any visibility of source, and then this defect is
only apparent at close range.

From the angle of utility, it is interesting to know
that opal glass, by virtue of its suspended
opal particles, has the property of redirect-
ing light, even when in the form of totally
enclosing globes. The light redistribution
tends to assume the form of the globe.
Thus, a sixteen candle power lamp, giving
more light on the horizontal than from the
tip downwards or base upwards, when
placed within a ball of opal glass will have
its distribution of light modified by the opal ball, so
that it will be more uniform, and, like the ball, more
nearly spherical. That is, in the case of a bare lamp
hanging pendent where the greatest lieht was in the
(Continued on page 152)

The best effect with glass
prisms is obtained when
used in conjunction with
amber film

A Summer Home r- Well Furnished

.,-

The home of Mr. Charles H. Traiser, Clifton, Massachusetts.
Howland S. Chandler, Architect.

AN INFORMAL HOUSE WHERE ESPECIAL CARE HAS BEEN TAKEN IN FURNISHING THE
BEDROOMS SO THAT THEY MAY BE COMFORTABLE AND ATTRACTIVE PAPERS, CUR-
TAINS AND RUGS THAT ARE COOL AND ATTRACTIVE A NOVEL DINING-ROOM SCHEME

BY MARY H. NORTHEND
Photographs by the Author

|HE trend of the last few years has caused
great attention to be paid to the cor-
rect furnishing of the home. Details
which have hitherto been unnoticed
are looked after and careful attention
is given that the rooms, when finished,
may be correctly done, so that no jar-
ring contrast, glaring and out of taste,
results.

A very good example of the prog-
ress in this direction of more careful
furnishing is found in the
Charles H. Traiser house at
Clifton, Massachusetts,
Howland Shaw Chandler,
architect. It is long and low
in general effect and is two
stories high, with wide over-
hanging roofs. The exterior
finish is of cement and the

house is built to fit the grounds rather than the grounds
laid out to harmonize with the house.

The entrance to the house is approached by a brick
walk flanked on either side by bits of sward and end-
ing in brick steps which lead into a portico and thence
to the entrance door. The rear of the house overhangs
the water, an unbroken stretch, and the underpinning
supports a long, wide piazza which is so near the water
that one easily has the impression of being on a ship's
deck. It is fitted with willow furniture and appropriate
rugs. The entrance door gives into a vestibule which
has a spandrel arch between it and the main hall. Here
a well placed stairway is shown and the furnishings are
noteworthy. The hangings are of gray Japanese grass-
cloth and contrast beautifully with the portieres of rose
pink. The darkness of the hardwood floor is well
lightened by the beauty of the imported rugs.

Turning from the hall with its slight suggestion of

Colonial design one enters the long living-room. This is a well-
proportioned room which has for its chief feature a fireplace at
one end showing Colonial detail, and in keeping with the white
woodwork and cornice. As the view from this room is chiefly
over the water the furnishing has been influenced by the sum-
mery prospect from the windows and has been decorated as a
distinctly summer room. The furnishings are of willow which
gives a lightness to the apartment, and greens and blues pre-
dominate in hangings, rugs and upholstery.

Adjoining this room is a library of good size. This is fitted
up with book shelves, finished in gum wood and has a large open

Leading out of the living-room is a well appointed sun room finished in brick
and lattice work, which makes an attractive lounging place

(97)

HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY, 1913

One of the suite of rooms in which lavender and white wistaria form
the key note of the decorations

fireplace. It is distinctly the man's
room of the house, retired, restful and
dignified in treatment, and gives op-
portunity for undisturbed comfort
while the main living-rooms are in use.

Leading out of the living-room is a
well appointed sun room, which makes
an attractive lounging place, finished in
brick and lattice work. The color
scheme here is green and white and
everything is in pleasing harmony, the
furniture being all of willow. The lat-
tice work will eventually be covered
with vines which have already been
started as house plants.

The dining-room is brightened by
the bay window extending along one
entire side and providing a beautiful
outlook. The trim is of white enamel
paneling, extending about six feet in
height. A rather distinctive feature is
the introduction of Japanese paintings

as a frieze set above and held by wooden strips joining the
wainscoting. As there is the full brilliance of Japanese artists*
colors, the effect is quite remarkable, giving coolness but provid-
ing cheery brightness. The lighting fixtures here also are care-
fully planned; four sidelights of Sheffield design are attached to
the wall, two at either side of the door, and two at the niche that
was built in to contain the sideboard. These fixtures heighten
the effect of glass and silver on this piece of furniture. The
center light above the dining-room table is of an opal glass that
diffuses a pleasing glow about the room. There is absolute sim-
plicity of decoration employed, but the whole treatment is very
effective.

One feature well worth remarking here is the fact that not a
single radiator throughout the house is exposed. All are hidden
behind grill work of attractive design as evidenced in the il-
lustration on the first page of this article.

The whole lower story has been thrown into practically one
room, which allows for extensive entertainment in a comfortable
way. It also allows a cooling breeze to circulate in the summer
so that the house is never uncomfortably warm. The windows-
are well placed, allowing for plenty of sunlight through the day,
and a constant current of air during the hot weather.

The cut out wistaria border is duplicated in the cretonne covers, the cur-
tains and the bedspread. The bedroom furniture is of graceful design

The dining-room is paneled in white enamel and uses for a frieze squares of beautiful Japanese
water colors. This shows a good example of a niche planned for the sideboard

Simplicity is sought. There is a quiet elegance which is shown
in the careful thought exercised in selecting every piece, and
avoiding a surplus of even good furniture, arranging it so as
to give scope for good taste and originality. For the proper ar-
rangement and furnishing of a house is a problem which is not
easily solved, and the careful placing of furniture in rooms by
themselves is a task which if properly handled, gives refreshing
results. Here the pieces may be original, or they may be repro-
ductions, but still they show the good taste and dignity which
mean a thoughtful working out of details.

The service department is well planned and shows a kitchen,
butler's pantry, and ample store rooms. In fact, everywhere
throughout the house are closets so ample and so many that they
delight the housekeeper's heart.

If good taste has been shown on the entrance floor, as artistic
furnishing is seen in the second story. This is given up to
chambers, baths and dressing rooms. Notable among them is a
suite of rooms which is finished in lavender and white. Now
the idea of lavender and white as a color scheme may not appeal

FEBRUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN

Heavy mahogany is replaced with light and delicate fittings and the
color schemes are carried out carefully in but two colors

to everyone, but could these rooms be seen in their natural colors,
without doubt the impression would be that this is one of the
most beautiful of color combinations. Graceful wistaria forms
the foundation of the floral design in these rooms, the bunches of
blossoms draped artistically from the ceiling. The same flower
detail is shown in the hangings, bed and couch coverings, while
even the screen is finished in lavender and white. The bed with
its wicker appointments is done in the same color scheme. The
lighting in these rooms differs somewhat from that in the other
rooms, having little gas fixtures of artistic design inserted in
the walls, while a reading lamp stands by the side of the bed.
While speaking of furniture it might be well to mention bed-
side tables that are in each bedroom. These are of the same de-
sign and construction as the beds and are covered with glass
tops. Those who appreciate the luxury of reading in bed find

The living-room is long and well proportioned, its chief feature being a fireplace of Colonial de-
tail in harmony with the while trim

Pink and white predominate in this girl's room and are repeated in
the ribbon and rose border

such articles add greatly to one's comfort. They may contain
besides the lamp a water pitcher and glasses.

Another room in this house which is equally attractive, shows,
rattan and wooden furniture of comfortable form and artistic
design in which pink and white predominate. This is a dainty
room, furnished appropriately for the daughter of the house. The
border of the wall paper is of ribbon and rose pattern, while
the cretonne hangings are all of pink and white. The lighting-
is mostly from the sides, but over the dressing table has been
introduced a hanging light which affords better illumination here
where more light is appreciated.

Each room is just as carefully thought out, and each is devoted'
to two colorings which harmonize perfectly. To be sure, oc-
casionally we find a room furnished in the Colonial period, but
the general idea throughout the house is for up-to-date, artistic

and well thought out schemes which go.
for perfect furnishing. This plan has.
been chosen for exactly what it
represents the fitting up of a summer
home, using care to exclude the heavy
mahogany pieces and substitute light,
airy and delicate fittings which harmo-
nize with the idea of what a summer
home should contain.

The house is as yet very new, hav-
ing been finished only last year. Ii>
several years' time, when the vines have
grown and the trees have grown up to
overshadow the plain and simple ex-
terior, one will see a decided change
in the grounds. This may appear a
great advantage, objection being made
to the present severity of the exterior-
without its setting of trees, shrubs and"
flowers ; but to the expert critic, there
is a feeling of relief to find a house like
this which speaks for itself in its dignity
and well-defined originality of con-
struction and manner of furnishing.

Especially in the bedrooms is the mis-
tress to be commended. The idea of a
two-color scheme for each, followed
out to the smallest detail of harmony,
is better than endeavoring to have each
room a different single color.

Beautifying the

LS. i/ ij

A CONCRETE EXAMPLE OF MAKING THE SPACE AT THE REAR OF YOUR HOUSE
ATTRACTIVE BY JUDICIOUS PLANTING AND ARCHITECTURAL ARRANGEMENT

Photographs by S. P. Negus, Landscape and Garden Architect

THE matter of making the so-called "back part" of the
suburban place attractive architecturally and horticultur-
ally, is often neglected by the house owner. After seeing to it
that this essential part of his home is so designed as to be satis-
factory from a purely practical point of view, he too frequently
lets the matter rest there, instead of so making use of improve-
ments well within his reach that the "back yard" shall become
a place of real beauty. Nor is this improvement a mere matter
of theory, a fanciful thing that exists only on paper or in the
imagination of a city dweller removed
to a ten by fifteen lot in a suburban
town. In many instances it has been
carried to a most successful con-
clusion, and nowhere, perhaps, are its
best developments more undeniably
presented than on the place which we
illustrate here, and which was de-
signed by Mr. S. P. Negus, landscape
architect, for Mrs. H. P. Bunstine of
Dayton, Ohio.

Besides showing graphically how
much can be done toward making a
back yard "garden" that really de-
serves the name, the photographs
demonstrate conclusively that a long
period of time is not necessary for
the place to assume an air of com-
pleteness and settled age. But a
single year's progress is shown here,
and yet in that period this place of
Mr. Negus' designing has been trans-
formed from a bare and unattractive
back yard to a really pretty garden
where the warm, red brick walks are
bordered with flowers and box, the
lattice work and arbor covered with
vines, and the whole transformed into
what it is intended to be an outdoor
living-room.

Perhaps a few words of explana-
tion as to the reasons lying back of
the design may be of interest. In the
first place, it was obvious that no so-

A brick wall closes the rear of the garden and a
lattice fence screens it from the service quarters

View of the above after twelve months, showing the
apparent increase in size after planting appeared

called "natural" manner of planning would be appropriate in such
a restricted space, surrounded as it is on all sides by rigid archi-
tectural lines. The scheme, therefore, is strictly formal or archi-
tectural in plan, such as would best "tie in" with the house and
harmonize with the surroundings, and at the same time utilize
the limited space to best advantage.

The garden is bordered on the street side by a high brick wall
and separated from the adjoining properties by tall lattice fences.
The problem here is really that of an outdoor living-room, and

there is no more reason for exposing
it to the public gaze than to open up
to public view the living-room inside
the house. Whatever the merit of
the argument sometimes heard against
the English practice of enclosing their
private grounds, there can be no ques-
tion of its expediency in such a case
as this.

The "back yard" here pictured is
divided into four "compartments," if
I may so term them : flower garden,
vegetable and service quarters, ter-
race, and drying yard. The flower
garden proper occupies a space of
approximately fifty by sixty feet,
while the vegetable and service quar-
ters measure about forty by fifty feet.
Nevertheless it is extraordinary how
much gardening pleasure the owners
have in their limited domain.

The main feature of the garden is
a head of the sylvan god Pan in dull
green faience, set into a cement and
brick wall panel. He cheerfully
spouts water out of his mouth into a
basin containing gold fish, whenever
he is given the cue by a turn of the
handle on the terrace. The overflow
from the basin trickles musically down
a shallow brick channel JH the walk
into a central bronze drain which also
carries off the surface water of the
garden itself.

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FEBRUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN |

101

At first the yard appeared chill and uninteresting

The main architectural feature of the yard is the
fountain improved later by the flagged walk

Practically the whole extent of the garden before
planting changed its aspect

The garden entrance to the house with the terrace and
lattice surrounding the drying yard

In the center of the gar-
den is an old Japanese
stone lantern, small in size
and simple in design, in
which has been set a low
power light, which by the
turn of a switch casts a
mellow amber glow over
the garden.

The garden walks are of
brick laid "herringbone,"
and two simple wooden
seats are placed in con-
venient nooks. The gar-
den is entered from the
street by an oaken gate
through the wall, and from
the service quarters by an
archway covered with pur-
ple wistaria. The central
plot surrounding the lan-
tern is carpeted with Eng-
lish ivy, and all the walks
are crisply outlined in
dwarf box.

For the reason that the
garden has been designed
with the object of being at-
tractive at all seasons of
the year, considerable use
has been made of low,
broad - leaved evergreen
shrubs as a background for
the more showy old-fash-
ioned perennial flowers and
bulbs which give an abun-
dance of bloom and color
throughout the spring and
summer.

A lattice of attractive
design separates the flower
garden from the vegetable
and service quarters. Here
again the paths are of
brick, with a central plot
for a few choice vegetables,
and old-fashioned sweet-
smelling "pot herbs," the
whole surrounded by a bor-
der containing dwarf fruit
trees and flowers grown
for cutting and house dec-
oration.

For those who may plan
similar gardens, the follow-
ing list of what was plant-
ed on Mrs. Bunstine's
place may serve as a basis
on which to work :
Fruit Trees

7 Dwarf apples (Stand-
ards) in variety

6 Dwarf pears (Stand-
ard) seckel
Ornamental Trees

i Cornus Florida (Flow-

(Continued on page 129)

An unpleasant prospect was shut out by the trees

Simple planting with brick flagging accentuated its
position and effect

The same view showing what flowers and shrubs
accomplish in added attractiveness

The improved approach to the house even has the
effect of making the building itself look more beautiful

ITS HIGH DEVELOPMENT AND MANY POINTS OF INTEREST ITS INGENIOUS METHODS OF FERTILIZATION
THE WORLD-WIDE SEARCH FOR RARE SPECIES-ITS EFFECT ON THE ANIMAL LIFE OF ITS ENVIRONS

BY TYNDALL BISHOP
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves and Ella M. Boult

NO flower has a more peculiar hold on the imagination than
the orchid. Around no other has there been gathered such
a mass of legend and so much misapprehension. Notwithstand-
ing a keen interest in and apparent appreciation of the orchid,
there is really no flower about which
the public knows so little, while willing
to believe so much.

Perhaps the most glaring miscon-
ception, as it is the most often repeated
and most generally believed, is the
statement that all orchids are para-
sites, and writers add insult to injury
by classifying them as fungi. Noth-
ing is more untrue and nothing
arouses the ire of the orchid lover
more thoroughly. While recent in-
vestigations point to the conclusion
that certain of the saprophytics have
parasitical tendencies, yet in all the
ten thousand known flowering species
no real parasite has been discovered.
True, a large number of them, and
these the most interesting, grow on
trees. But it is not from the trees to
which they cling that they obtain their
nourishment. They are not vampires,
sucking the sap from the branches
which give them shelter. On the
contrary, these marvelous plants sub-
sist chiefly on air. While the dust
collecting at their roots furnishes
some nitrogenous matter, their real
living and the drink which chiefly
sustains them, is the moisture of the atmosphere itself.

Instead of belonging to the fungi, the tribe of orchids forms
the very highest caste of the vegetable kingdom. No other
order of plants is so highly developed and no other exhibits such

Due to the long nectary, Aeranlhes sesquipedalis can
be fertilized only by one species of moth

a wide range of shapes and sizes with so many singular modifica-
tions of root, tuber, leaf and flower.

Their flowers, differing vastly from each other, some beautiful
and elegant, others bizarre and grotesque, are so remarkable in

many of their forms that it is no
wonder that they have been thought
to possess something closely resem-
bling intelligence.

Charles Darwin was the first to
read the meaning of their endless
diversity of structure. Others,
Sprengle, Brown and Hooker, had
caught hints, but it was Darwin's
painstaking study as setj forth in the
most fascinating of scientific works,
"The Fertilization of Orchids," that
revealed the secret of the orchid's life
and incidentally threw a flood of light
on the meaning of other flower forms.
Earlier investigators had observed
them to be barren in the absence of
insect visitors, but it was reserved for
Darwin to discover how the organs
of almost all orchids are so arranged
that fertilization can only take place
through the transportation of pollen
from flower to flower. In other
words, the countless, cunning adapta-
tions as seen in their flowers are all
means to one end. The bent and aim
of all orchids is the improvement of
the species, and this, with a multiplici-
ty of resources, they are attempting
through the experiment of cross-fertilization.

Less skillful plants engaged in the same endeavor resort to
haphazard methods, entrusting their pollen to the wind, or dust-
ing therewith the wings of butterfly visitors, even offering it

(102)

FEBRUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

103

as food to the greedy bee, in the hope that by chance a few Gentle methods are not always pursued. There are the Cory-
grains will reach the pistil of some other flower. Not so the anthes, whose blossoms form suspended baskets, half full of the
ingenious orchid ! Such wasteful methods are beneath it. Its clearest water. Attracted by the powerful perfume, curious bees
pollen grains, too precious to be scattered broadcast, are wrapped congregate on the edges. Exploring for nectar, of which there

in sealed packages and invariably
fastened securely to the insect
messenger that is to carry the
life-giving substance to the wait-
ing stigma of the bride flower.

To attract the messenger, gor-
geous colors are displayed and
sweet perfumes wafted on the
air. Honey, too, is usually pro-
vided in good store, but always
in a way that prevents the insect
from taking toll without per-
forming the task that the crafty
flower has assigned it. Some-
times no free honey is present.
In order to get the sweets the
insect must bore into the tissues.
These tissues are placed in parts
of the flower where the insect
will come in contact with a sticky
membrane when assuming a
position to drill. This instantly
glues itself to the intruder's head, and in fly-
ing off the insect drags the pollen masses with
the membrane. Eager for more nectar, the
insect now seeks another flower, where, in
negotiating an entrance, it will, perforce, leave
the pollen where it reaches the ovary. In
other kinds of orchids, in the Cattleva for ex-
ample, plenty of honey easy of access flows
at the bottom of a long trumpet. Mistress
Humblebee finds no trouble in reaching the
feast, but in retreating she upturns a cup of
glue and smeared with its contents rubs against
the pollen masses and carries them away.

Miltonia vexillaria was once profuse in Colombia but now is
only procurable by root division

is only a semblance, one of them
is bound to fall in. With wetted
wings she cannot fly. The walls
are too steep and slippery to per-
mit her to crawl up. Casting
around for a means of escape, she
sees at one end an aperture. It
is not large enough for her to
crawl through, but as she presses
forward, the walls give way like
a trap door, permitting her to
pass out along a narrow tunnel.
In doing so she comes in contact
with the viscid pollen mass which
immediately becomes cemented to
her back. The foolish creature,
having learned nothing from her
bath, repairs to another flower
where the same performance is
repeated. This time in passing up
the narrow channel, the pollen
mass is left on the stigma, which.
in the economy of the flower, is placed just
below the anther.

More elaborate is the mechanism of the
Bulbophyllum Lobbii, whose lip, supported on
pivots, is built like a catapult. An unsuspect-
ing fly lights on the front lobe and advances
along the teeter. Quick as a flash it is shot
up against the overhanging stigma and held
prisoner, until, if it has brought pollen, the
flower is impregnated.

Perhaps the most remarkable of all orchids
is the Catasetum. In this the male and
female organs are not found in the same

Callleya labiata. The delicately frilled petals en-
close an intricate device for fertilization

A curious orchid. Each flower re-
sembles a bird alighting

Laelia purpurata. The interest in orchids lies not
only in curious forms but in exquisite colors

104

I HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY, 1913

flower, and the separation of the sexes has given rise to such
distinct and unlike forms that for a long time botanists thought
them to belong to totally distinct genera. Of their fertilization
Darwin says : "Nature has endowed these plants with what must
be called for want of a better term, sensitiveness, and with the
remarkable power of forcibly ejecting their pollen to a distance.
Hence, when certain definite points of the flower are touched by
an insect, the pollinia are shot out like an arrow which is not
barbed, but has a blunt and excessively adhesive point. The
insect, disturbed by so sharp a
blow, or after having eaten its fill,
flies sooner or later to a female
plant, and while standing in the
same position as it did when
struck, the pollen end of the arrow
is inserted into the stigmatic cavi-
ty, and a mass of pollen left on
its viscid surface. Thus, and thus
alone, at least three species of the
genus Catasetum are fertilized."

Notwithstanding their elaborate
artifices, orchids are most depend-
ant creatures, each species abso-
lutely relying for the propagation
of its kind on the special insect
carrier it has selected. Thus we
see whole groups reduced to the
commonplace device of flaunting
their white banners in the dark,
the better to attract the night-fly-
ing moths by which they are
fertilized. So, too, and for the
same purpose, the sweet-scented
varieties of the Philippines give
forth their perfumes only after
dusk. The Aeranthes sesquipe-
dalis of Madagascar, a wonderful
flower, with a nectary prolonged
into a sheath from twelve to
eighteen inches deep, can only be
fertilized by a moth with a pro-
boscis long enough to reach the
honey secreted at the bottom of the pouch. This
abnormal lepidoptera failing, the aeranthes must
likewise perish.

Interest in orchids, however, is by no means
confined to these curiosities. The great attrac-
tion is really on the esthetic side. The beauty
of a large number of them is unequalled in the
works of Nature, and would be sufficient to
attract attention were orchids as common as
daisies in the field. Naturally their interest is
enhanced by their rarity. Orchids are never
common. Although sometimes plentiful enough
in the inaccessible tropics, they are, even there,
but sparingly distributed at the best. There are
many species, but each species is composed of
comparatively few individual members. Wher-
ever found they are among the unusual flow-
ers, and yet the great family is so widely scat-
tered that its members tenant nearly as wide an area of the
earth's surface as do human beings. Some of them make their
abode where man cannot live. They are found on the hot and
arid hillsides of India, in the bogs of Maine and Canada, in the
meadows of England, in the jungles of Brazil, in the wooded
canyons of California, on the bare mountains of Sumatra, and
indeed, except for the polar regions, there is no country to which

Our native, yellow lady slipper; compare with its exotic sister
below, the Cypripedium selenipedum

they are not native. One species, Oncidium nubigenum, the
"orchid of the clouds," is found in the Peruvian Andes at a height
of fourteen thousand feet above sea level, and variations of the
epidendrum grow far above the timber line, where trees are un-
known and snow is almost a daily occurrence. Other species
are among the familiar wildflowers of the temperate regions,
and "long-purples" and "dead-men's-fingers," flowers mentioned
in Hamlet, are both orchids. Generally speaking, however, the
species represented in the temperate zones are inconspicuous,

usually to extreme modesty, fre-
quently are devoid of beauty, and
know no such variety of color or
size as do their exotic sisters.

While in saying this I am not
forgetting the lovely dendrobiums
of Australia, nor the many, charm-
ing cypripediums of the American
woods, yet it is uncompromisingly
true that without the tropic varie-
ties, interest in orchids would be
confined entirely to the botanist or
to him who has the patience to seek
out the wonderful, wild plants of
bog and swamp. Even then the
stimulus would not be found that
is now given by the many curious
and puzzling forms, the wonderful
contrivances and the surpassing
splendor of the southern importa-
tions. From the tropics alone all
orchids of horticultural value are
derived, and amateurs have re-
cruited their great collections from
the same regions.

Numerous as exotic orchids are
to-day, nearly all of them have been
imported within the last sixty years.
During this period the orchid-grow-
ing regions of the world have been,
ransacked, and while there are spots
still untouched, jungle recesses
which so far have baffled the most
ardent explorers, whole sections have had their
glorious plants packed off by thousands to Eng-
land and America, leaving in some cases their na-
tive habitat bare. Thus entire sections of Colom-
bia, once the home of Miltonia Vexillaria, have
been denuded of their treasures, and persons de-
siring specimens of this plant must now wait the
tedious process of root division or the more un-
certain results of seedling propagation. In these
days the most ardently sought for of all orchids
is the Odontoglossum crispum. During one
search for this species when ten thousand plants
were collected, four thousand trees were cut down
to obtain them, and the camp was moved on week
by week as the explorers exhausted the avail-
able supply. It has been estimated that a tree
has fallen for every three pieces of crispum in
cultivation. The forest devastation that their
possession has cost the world may be realized
when it is considered nothing unusual for a
single collector to have five thousand of these plants on his shelves.
The small island, Santa Catarina, off the coast of Brazil, was
the home of Laelia elegans, where with Laelia purpurata and
Cattleya Leopoldii, it flourished in a profusion seldom known to
(Continued on page 127)

The Place of Built-in Furniture in the House

WHERE BUILT-IN FURNITURE MAY COMPLETE A DECORATIVE SCHEME WHERE IT FITS AND WHERE
IT MAY BE OUT OF PLACE OPPORTUNITIES FOR UTILIZING WASTE SPACE AND SUGGESTIVE HINTS

BY LOUISE SHRIMPTON
Photographs by Mary H. Northend, Jessie Tarbox Deals and Others

IN the distinctively modern house much of the furniture is a
structural feature, an integral part of the walls. Ingenious
built-in devices are also introduced throughout, expediting house-
hold service and promoting convenience. Furniture and devices
are designed by the architect in connection with other architec-
tural features ; or are carpenter-built under the home-builder's
direction ; or owners possessed of
handicraft training themselves
design and build them.

Not the least of the advantages
accruing to furniture of the built-
in type is that it suits individual
requirements. An ideal is faith-
fully carried out without the
weary search through shops that
often results in compromise or
disappointment. An architect's
plans and elevations, or instruc-
tions and a few dimensions given
to the carpenter, produce a piece
of furniture that is precisely what
the owner wants. Every home-
builder with a love for books has
ideas as to their proper housing ;
open or closed cases are easily
built in, so contrived perhaps that
the seeker after books does not
have to fall on his knees nor
climb ladders to reach them.
Every house mistress has convic-
tions on the proper mode of storing away doilies. And in one
linen cabinet of the built-in sort there may be bars around which
doilies are loosely rolled ; while another is fitted with a series of
wooden trays on which
the doilies lie flat, each
set of them on a tray of
its own. The practice
among home-builders of
giving careful thought to
the disposition of each ar-
ticle of household gear
makes for results of de-
cided individuality. And
as a consequence of this
thought the interior some-
times becomes an epitome
of the owner's tastes and
convictions, a background
of extraordinary value.
A room may convey to
the guest a subtle impres-
sion of literary or artistic
culture, due, among other
things, to the realization
in the fittings around the
walls of some long-cher-
ished ideal of the owners.

A practical point is that furniture thus built fits the owners in
size. There is a fireside seat made to measure for the man of the
house. A desk is contrived at just the right height for the house

This attractive ingle shows what can be done with odds and
ends of builders* material

How the aspect of a room may be altered by built-in furniture a separate
library is formed by these bookcases

mistress, and with it a seat or bench. Sleeping-room fittings are
built in varying sizes to suit the occupants. Comfort is a neces-
sary characteristic. A built-in bench or seat, not of the right
height or depth and without comfortable cushions is never used,
becoming merely an ornament of doubtful worth.

In the well-equipped house, not only are the owners' personal

preferences gratified and their liv-
ing-rooms made pleasant and il-
luminative backgrounds, but the
house as a place for housekeeping
is successfully exploited. Useless
walking is done away with by
careful placing of the fittings that
help in household tasks. Cup-
boards and racks holding linen,
food supplies, or saucepans, are
so placed with relation to other
household fixtures that speed in
service is assured. The endless
series of entries and pantries once
built, has given place to one or two
rooms, the walls of which are
covered with compactly arranged
fittings. While the house in its
methods is still inferior to office
and factory, it is steadily advanc-
ing in efficiency as a work place.
In houses built within the last
year or two, the broom and dust-
pan are non-existent. Attach-
ments on each story are provided for the vacuum cleaner, run by
electric or water power. Dust cloths need smaller allotment of
space in kitchen cupboards with this dustless cleaning, and broom

cupboards, formerly pro-
vided on each floor, are
eliminated. Many ingen-
ious devices are installed
to save labor. In the hall
closet is perhaps a trap
door with a shelf beneath
for firewood for a nearby
fireplace. A small dumb-
waiter is often put in be-
tween kitchen and the up-
stairs sitting-room, so that
afternoon tea is served
without stair climbing. A
special refrigerator o r
tiny cool room is some-
times built in accessibly.
The laundry chute invari-
ably put in, saves the tug-
ging of clothes-baskets
downstairs to the laundry.
These features and others
impossible to buy ready-
made are installed at
small expense when the house is being built.

An advantage of built-in pieces as opposed to heavy movables
placed against the wall, at least according to the housekeeper's

(105)

106

HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY, 1913

point of view, is that the built-in product
avoids the storing up of dust. Even with
a vacuum cleaner, the wall behind a
heavy piece and the floor beneath it are
not properly cleaned unless the piece is
moved, a process involving much labor,
and possible damage to the piece at the
hands of a careless maid. The built-in
piece is itself the wall and cuts out a sec-
tion of floor. Its moldings may be plain
and the broad surfaces unornamented,
their perfect smoothness making clean-
ing or dusting an easy task.

In that best of economies in house-
building, the saving of space, built-in
furniture helps astonishingly. A small
house with built-in features often pos-
sesses the amount of actual floor space
available in a much larger one. Chests
of drawers of varying depths, built into
sloping roofs around dormers, are note-
worthy examples of the utilization of
waste space. Home-builders fitting up
their first house find it pos-
sible through the building
of these chests, to dispense
with dressers or chiffoniers.
A cheval glass is often fitted
into a door panel instead of
occupying valuable floor
space.

Built-in wardrobes are the
modern substitutes for clos-
ets. The contrast is great
between the wardrobe and
the old-fashioned closet with
its waste floor space, its
darkness, limited supply of
hooks, and floor cluttered
with shoes. In the wardrobe
paneled doors disclose, when
open, well-lighted compart-
ments of convenient height,
fitted with poles for hang-
ers or filled with movable
trays of light wood used for
holding shirts or waists.
Smaller ventilated compart-
ments at the wardrobe's
base hold boots and shoes,
while separate doors at the
top open into built-in hat
boxes large enough to hold
several hats. If a wardrobe
is extensive, trays or draw-
ers are numbered or lettered
as an index to their contents.
A child's wardrobe fitted
with trays is found espe-
cially convenient, since small
frocks may be kept at full
length in them.

A window seat under a
dormer is often fitted with
a long drawer beneath, and
with built-in chests or ward-
robes on each side, giving

A good Colonial effect in keeping with the room
is here secured by the built-in china closet

Ugly and useless chimney space can be eliminated by a symmetrical
arrangement of cupboards

The built-in sideboard gives the desired space for silver and table linen,
the long drawer affording room for table cloths

an attractive, white paneled effect to a
sleeping-room wall. If the old variety
of clothes closet is retained, it frequently
has a window, while an inclined shoe
ledge with heel rest projects from the
baseboard. Linen closets are conven-
ient features occupying an upper hall lo-
cation. Sometimes a closet becomes a
small room, with window as well as elec-
tric light. Broad ledges give opportu-
nity for the sorting of linen and the per-
forming of small household tasks, a high
stool furnishing a seat. Convenient com-
partments are devised for blankets and
sheets, and a shallow cabinet for med-
icines may also be a feature of this
housewife's room. In a very small
house a linen closet is compressed into
a wardrobe, but is fitted with a good-
sized compartment for quilts and with
shelves and trays placed close together,
for holding sheets and blankets. Hinged
doors, one for each four or five shelves,
opening downwards and
supported by chains or
props, form convenient
shelves when assorting the
linen.

Nooks and corners in a
cleverly designed house, the
odds and ends 'necessarily
left over in building, are util-
ized for small fittings. A
tiny music cabinet fills a liv-
ing-room nook. A corner of
the butler's pantry, of pre-
cisely the size to hold table
leaves, is turned into a table
leaf cupboard. A plate
warmer is installed in an-
other left o^er corner. Chim-
ney space around flues, util-
ized in charming fashion for
cupboards above or at one
side of old fireplaces those
delightful cupboards with
white paneled doors, fast-
ened by wooden buttons is
occasionally used in the
same way in a newly built
house. The old cupboards,
their closed doors exciting
curiosity as to their contents,
and when opened giving out
faint odors of Oriental
sweetmeats or of bygone
roses, represent the poetic
side of the cupboard, too
often neglected in our mod-
ern quest for the practical.
In built-in furniture de-
vised by the architect, he is
given an opportunity to
carry further his scheme
and to ensure its harmonious
completion. Furniture as an
architectural feature has ob-

FEBRUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN |

107

vious reasons for existence. The beau-
tiful shell buffet of our Colonial period
was designed in connection with cornices
and fireplaces. It formed an essential
part of a perfect whole. The modern
movable china closet, standing out as an
excrescence and inevitably ugly and in
the way, is happily being replaced by the
built-in china cupboard. In the modern
Colonial house antique designs are copied
as faithfully as the difference between
old and present-day craftsmanship per-
mits. In the house of modern trim,
where flat surfaces, stained, are obtained
in the woods used, the cupboards are un-
obtrusive but pleasing in effect. To cut
off two corners of a room with built-in
china cabinets is a device often used,
giving adequate storing places for glass
and porcelain. While the upper half of
these cabinets is usually glazed, the lower
is given up to cupboards with paneled
doors, or even more conveniently is fitted
with drawers of varying
size.

The use of the bay for
built-in furniture is a fre-
quent architectural device
giving a point of interest to
an interior. A long window
seat, either a box opening in
sections, or fitted with draw-
ers, or without any storing
space beneath, is an effective
use of the bay. In a coun-
try cottage or bungalow, a
sideboard is frequently built
in a bay with window above.
In the built-in sideboard,
precisely the desired accom-
modation for silver or table
linen is secured, and there
are long drawers for table
cloths.

For a large piece of furni-
ture of exceptional value, it
is often possible to. build a
wall niche, enshrining and
making it an integral fea-
ture. A sideboard, a family
heirloom or the work of a
modern craftsman, given a
special niche with small
built-in china cupboard
above, is enhanced in impor-
tance and makes a spot of
special interest in the room.
An old desk may in the same
way be installed in the liv-
ing-room. In the sleeping-
room a chest of oak or ma-
hogany may have a niche
contrived for it in a sloping
roof, with a little space left
above so that the top may be
usable.

The craftsman who con-

i room pressed for space the corner china
closet may be a very desirable feature

Chests of drawers
space

built into sloping roofs around dormers utilize waste
and remove the unsightly slope of the eaves

The effectiveness of this buffet was attained by the planning of an exact
space for it by the architect

structs furniture around the walls of his
house, or who personally directs a car-
penter's work, makes out as a prelim-
inary an inventory of household goods
and chattels. The library is measured,
and the amount of space to be given to
books is calculated, with allowance for
increase, or with space left for future
shelving. In planning cases, shelves are
made of varying heights to accommo-
date books of different size, a method
that saves room and gives opportunity
for interesting space divisions. The in-
ventory made of china and linen ensures
sufficient accommodation while it guards
against the building of too many cup-
boards. Unoccupied storage room is a
bad investment. In planning dish cup-
boards, shelves close together are de-
signed for low, flat dishes. Little half-
way shelves prove feasible for small
dishes. If the location of each set of
porcelain is carefully planned, space is
utilized to its fullest extent.
The designing of furniture
that is comfortable and usa-
ble and of fittings adapted to
their purposes, is a task in-
dulged in and enjoyed by
many home-builders of han-
dicraft tastes.

From what has been said
above, it is evident that the
appropriate use of built-in
furniture is not of necessity
confined to the house of
craftsman design and simplic-
ity of detail. Reference to
the illustrations clearly dem-
onstrates that there is excel-
lent precedent for built-in
work, not only in houses of
modern Colonial design, but
also in their prototypes of an
earlier day. One caution
should be heeded, however,
in designing built-in work in
any of the period designs: be
very sure that it harmonizes
perfectly with the rest of the
house.

Designed by an architect,
or planned and executed by a
craftsman owner, built-in fur-
niture in the successful house
fills its own place and fills it
unobtrusively. It does not
strive to supplant the neces-
sary and often beautiful mov-
ables or even to compete with
them. It is merely, so far as
the eye is concerned, part of
a wall, forming a well-spaced,
agreeable background for the
people who occupy a house.
Simplicity is its most valuable
characteristic.

Foliage Plants Everyone May Grow

AN EXPOSITION OF A SUBJECT ABOUT WHICH TOO LITTLE IS GENERALLY KNOWN-THE
NEEDS, APPEARANCE AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MOST SATISFACTORY KINDS

BY F. F. ROCKWELL
Photographs by Chas. Jones and Others

THE peerless beauty of palms as house plants is never ques-
tioned; and if the details of their culture were more
generally known they would undoubtedly be more generally used.
The reason why they are not to be found wherever plants are
grown in the house is not so much that they are more difficult
to handle as that they are different in their requirements.

In the first place, while most house plants should be repotted as
often as they begin to form a mass of roots about the outside of
the earth ball, palms do best when restricted as to root room.
Repotting once a year when they are small, and even less fre-
quently when they are in large pots or small tubs, will be often
enough. They grow very slowly, and it is not only useless but
dangerous to attempt to force them along at a more rapid pace.

The best time for repotting is late spring May or June. Use
a pot only one size larger than that in which the palm has been
growing. Remove carefully, do not disturb the roots, and put
into the new pot carefully, ramming the new earth in firmly about
the old ball with a thin piece of wood.

The soil for palms need not contain as much humus (leaf mold
or peat) as that for most other house plants. Good, rich garden
loam, with sharp sand added and bone meal worked through it,
will be right.

Be sure the drainage is perfect. Crock the pots carefully. If
any of the crocking from the old pots comes out with the ball of
earth, remove it as carefully as possible and fill in the space with
soil. After potting, keep shaded for several days.

While palms require plenty of water, no plants are more fatally
injured by overwatering. Above all care must be taken never to

Dracaena indivisa is a good house plant com-
bining attractive foliage with great hardiness

If the piazza conservatory is floored with concrete, the plants may be freely watered

without injury to the floor

let water accumu-
late in saucers or

jardinieres in

which the pots

are standing.

Water will soak

up through a pot

as well as down

through it, and

water - saturated

soil will quickly

become sour.

When you do

water, do so thor-
oughly, then see

that the pots are

kept where they

can drain out,

and do not water

again until they

show a tendency

to get too dry.

Much water will

cause the leaves

to turn brown. In

this case, change the treatment at once. The amount of water

required is much greater in summer than in the winter, when the

plants are practically at rest.

Direct sunlight is not desirable for palms,
but they should have plenty of light. Do not
stick them away in a dark corner or an inner
room and expect them to do well. They will
stand such a situation several days without in-
jury, but should be brought back to the light
as soon as possible. They do well in north
windows, providing the temperature of the
room is high enough. Remember, however,
that pots kept in a shady place will dry out
much less quickly then those in the light or
sunlight. If they are to be kept permanently
where the sun does not strike it is a good thing
to add charcoal to the soil, as this aids greatly
in keeping it from becoming sour.

Give plenty of air the more the better, so
long as a proper temperature is kept up, as that
counteracts the effect of the more or less poison-
ous atmosphere of living-rooms kept closed dur-
ing winter. Beware of drafts blowing across
the palms, but provide plenty of fresh air.

In the spring, as soon as it warms up out-
doors say after the apple blooms fall place
the palms outside in a sheltered position, where
they can be given plenty of water. At this time,
if they are not repotted, bone meal should be
worked into the surface of the soil and a liquid
manure of bone meal given once a month or so
during the growing season.

(108)

FEBRUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

IOQ

Both during winter and summer, shower the leaves fre-
quently with as forceful a stream as possible, to prevent
scale and mealy bugs getting a start. Keep the leaves and
stems clean by wiping off every once in a while with a soft
cloth and soapy water, syringing with clean water after-
wards.

Although the number of palms cultivated is very large,
very few indeed only about a dozen will give satisfactory
results in the house. The fact that a palm will live or
rather take a long time to die under abuse, has misled
people into thinking that it does not need as much care as
other house plants. This is a mistake.

Palms may be considered in two classes: the fan-leaved
and the feather-leaved, or deeply cut, sorts. Of the former
there are but three sorts good for house culture.

Latania Borbonica, the Chinese fan-leaved palm, is the
best known. It is one of the hardiest, standing a tem-
perature as low as forty-five degrees at night. It is broad
in habit, and the large leaves are deeply cut and drooping

at the edge,
making a
verv attract-

-111

The rubber plant is perhaps the most popular of indoor foliage plants, but
it needs intelligent treatment to acquire a good appearance

ive appearance.
Livistona ro-
tundifolia, the
Miniature Fan
palm, is a more
compact type of
the above ; not
only the leaves
but the whole
plant being round
in habit and
growing quite
dense. It is a
beautiful, lively
green in color,
and making a
neater plant, is in
many ways more

Aspidistra linida variegata has handsome,
white striped foliage and withstands un-
favorable conditions

desirable for the house than Latania
Borbonica. It requires more heat, how-
ever, and should be kept up to fifty-five
degrees at night if possible.

Chamcerops excelsa has the distin-
guished feature of forming shoots at
the base, thus having foliage where most
palms are bare, and in old specimens un-
attractively so. Its leaves are shaped
like those of Borbonica, but are smaller,
and the leaf stalk is longer in proportion.
It is a good strong variety.

Many of the feather-leaved palms are
of more recent introduction than the old
favorite fan palms, but they have won
their way to a growing and deserved
popularity.

Phoenix Rabelenii is one of the new-
est. It is destined, I venture to say, to
become the most popular of all palms for
the house. It has frequently been de-
scribed as having the "beauty of Wed-

Cyperus alternifolius, the umbrella plant, has
exotic beauty, though it is easily grown

delliana and the hardiness of Kentia." That perhaps describes it,
but does not do it full justice. It has several times the amount
of foliage that Cocos Weddelliana has, and is a more robust
grower. Unlike that palm, it has leaf stalks growing all the way
to the bottom, the lower ones gracefully recurved and the upper
ones spreading airily. It is very easily cared for and on the
whole wins on a larger number of counts than any other house
palm.

Phoenix rupicola has gracefully arching, drooping foliage and
is very handsome, the dark green leaves being even more feather-
like than those of Cocos Weddelliana. It is also one of the
hardiest.

Areca Verschaffeltii is unique in having a creamy colored mid-
rib. It must be given the best of care, but will well repay any
extra pains taken with it.

The Kentias, K. Belmoreana, the thatch-leaf palm, and K.

Forsteriana, the Curly palm, are the hardiest of all the house

palms and sure to give satisfaction. The

^^^^^^^^^^^ former is of dwarf, sturdy habit, with
broadly divided, dark green leaves borne
up well on stiff stems. K. Forsteriana
is of stronger growth, spreads more, and
the divisions of the leaf are broader.

Cocos Weddelliana is the most artistic-
ally graceful of the house palms. The
finely cut, feathery leaves spring well up
from the pot and from the slender, erect
stem. It is a small palm and grows slow-
ly. I think I should give it a place among
the three choicest palms for the house,
although, unfortunately, it is not as hardy
as some of the others. It is the best palm
to use as a center for fern dishes.

Seaforthia elegans, the Australian
feather palm, is a tall growing and
stately variety, which does well in the
house.

Caryota urens is commonly known as
the Fish-tail palm, and on account of that
distinguishing characteristic deserves a
place in any good collection. It is a
large growing sort and will utilize more
root room than most of the others. It
is not so strong as most of the others

1 10

| HOUSE AND GARDEN |

FEBRUARY, 1913

described, but will succeed well if precautions are taken not to
let it get chilled in cold weather.

Unlike the palms, most of the other foliage plants for the
house are rapid growers, and depend for their beauty largely
upon being grown quickly and under the most favorable condi-
tions.

The Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria) is, I think, the most
beautiful of all decorative plants. Its dignity, simplicity and
beautiful plume-like foliage of clear soft green, lighter at the
tips, borne on straight branches that leave the main stem at right
angles in whorls at regular intervals, make it unique among
house plants. They have become very popular as Christmas
gifts, but most of the fine specimens that leave the florist's dur-
ing the holiday season, find their end, after a few weeks in a
gas-tainted, super-heated atmosphere where they are probably
half drowned by the excess of water given at the roots, in the
ash-barrel. They should, with proper care, last for several years.
Keep the air as fresh as possible, the temperature cool, forty-
five to fifty at night, and water very sparingly during the winter
months. In summer place outdoors in a sheltered spot.

' For unfavorable conditions extreme cold, dry air, dust and
smoke aspidistras are the most satisfactory foliage plants. The
long flat leaves grow to a height of one and a half to two feet,
springing directly from the base
of the plant at the soil. They like
plenty of water during the sum-
mer. The sort most commonly
seen (A. lurida) has plain dark
green leaves, but A. I. variegata,
with its handsome white striped
foliage, is a revelation to those
familiar only with the former.
A. punctata has spotted leaves.
The variegated pineapple (Ananas
sativus var.) is one of the most
beautiful and probably the most
satisfactory for use in the house,
of all the variegated leaved foliage
plants. The broad, tough, sword-
shaped leaves, two to three feet
long, rise from the center of the
plant in habit similar to the screw
pine (P and anus), and are beauti-
fully variegated with bands of

that none of it
lodges in the axils of
the leaves, as rot is
very easily induced.
New plants are pro-
duced from suckers
at the base of the old
ones.

Pandanus utilis is
the variety most
commonly seen. P.
Veitchii, dark green,
bordered with broad
stripes of pure
white, is much more
decorative, a really
beautiful plant. P.
Sanderi is another
good sort, with
golden yellow color-
ing, that should be
given a trial.

Farfugium grande,

The, thatch-leaf palm is one of the hardiest
of all house plants of its class

The leaves of the dracaenas give an almost fountain-like effect

The araucaria requires comparative coolness

} -...

light yellow on
either side of the
dark green center.

The screw pine
(Pandanus) is
another favorite
decorative plant,
easily grown. The
leaves are two or
three feet long and
come out spirally,
as the name indi-
cates. As they get
older they bend
down gracefully,
giving a very pleas-
ing effect. The soil
for Pandanus should
contain a generous
amount of sand.
Give plenty of water
in summer, little in
winter, and be sure

better known as Leopard Plant,
has handsome dark green leaves
marked with yellow. It is of the
easiest culture, standing zero
weather. Old plants may be
divided in spring and rooted in
sand. There is a newer variety
with white spots, very beautiful.
The Farfugium is now more com-
monly listed as Senecio Kccmpferi.
Another plant which I consider
excellent for house use, but which
is usually left to die in the vases
or to go back to the florist's after
its summer service outdoors, is
Dracazna indivisa. The long, nar-
row, graceful foliage, producing
the most fountain-like effect of
any decorative plant, and its ex-
treme hardiness, should make it
much more popular as a house

plant. As I write there is a large specimen on the desk above
me, a few of its gracefully poised leaves swaying gently in the
draft from the lamp, which is the pride of our winter garden.
I would by all means advise every plant lover to try one. D.
fragrans also makes a most satisfactory house plant.

The other plant to which I referred above, is the "silk oak."
It is grown with the greatest ease and makes an extremely grace-
ful, beautiful plant, either by itself or as a center for fern dishes,
etc. Sow in March and grow on, shifting frequently.

The plant which probably has the surest claim to being the
most popular house plant is the rubber plant (Ficus elastica).
At least part of the secret of its success undoubtedly lies in the
fact that almost literally you cannot kill it. But that is no
excuse for abusing it, as there is all the difference in the world
between a well-cared-f or, symmetrical plant and one of the semi-
denuded, lopsided, spotted-leaved plants one so frequently sees,
and than which, as far as ornamentation is concerned, an empty
pot would be far more decorative.

The rubber requires and deserves a good rich soil, and
in the spring, summer and fall, all the water that the soil will
keep absorbed. Give less in winter, as an excess at this time
(Continued on page 126)

A Page of Old Lanterns

IN the days before public service corporations, the lantern
was lamp and chandelier and street light. For there was
no systematic street lighting prior to the enactment of 1774
which ordered lanterns for the streets of Boston. These illus-
trations show characteristic forms from several Salem collec-
tions. The materials of their construction are brass and iron,
and the source of illumination was candles at first, but after
1774 whale oil lamps were used. Those of the bull's eye type
were carried by watchmen, while the examples with bail
handles were hung in the spacious hallways and carried by the
citizens at night. The iron perforated type shown in the lower
right hand picture, known as "Pinched" or latterly as the "Paul
Revere" lantern, shed little more than a glow through holes
punched in the iron and burred on the outside. To-day
old lanterns may be used within the house, but they are
especially applicable as porch lights. It is a
simple matter to substitute the electric light for
the old-fashioned illumination.

Photograplis by M. H. Northend

(III)

The stone garage has the advantage of being more fireproof than one
of frame construction, and it often has greater architectural worth

Another type of construction which is especially harmonious with the
medium-sized half-timber house. The entrance is interesting

Serviceable Garages of Good Design

STYLE, LOCATION AND APPROACHES IN HARMONY WITH THE ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF YOUR PLACE-
FIREPROOF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT TO FACILITATE CARE AND PROLONG THE LIFE OF THE CAR

BY A. RAYMOND ELLIS

Photographs by the Author and Others

THE location and building of a garage is of more importance
than one usually supposes, on account of the architectural
relation of the building to your house and its general effect upon
the neighborhood. Just a
shed somewhere in the
background seems to be
the logical conclusion ;
but there are several im-
portant conditions that
should govern this. First,
the drive must be located
conveniently to the en-
trance of the house, then
it should swing or curve
gracefully to the garage
and not run in a straight
line as it often does from
the street to the garage,
as in Diagram A.
The vista will be
more effective IT
the garage is
placed at the end
of a curved drive
so that shrubs
may intervene
and break the
view, with a
screen of fo-
liage intervening

to soften the lines ^^BNB^V
of the building, A small> formal garage Q{
as in Diagram B. construction

Three types of garage entrance driveways
but the others are

concrete

The shrubs may be in the foreground and still serve their pur-
pose of breaking the straight lines and adding beauty to the
vista. Diagram C illustrates a better arrangement, frequently

used where there is plen-
ty of room, with the house
set well back from the
street. If there is plenty
of room the garage may
be so placed that part of
it will be hidden back of
the house, as in Diagram
B, screened with shrubs
and foliage at the sides,
giving just a glimpse of
the low roof with good
effect. The larger the
lot the more opportunity
to locate it prettily and in
connection with
the service yard,
as in Diagram C.
The location and
inward view are
very important,
and if some study
is given to this
the result will be
the better for it.
These three dia-
grams should il-
lustrate the usual
conditions enter-
This type is adapted to housing more than a ing into the gar-
single car age problem.

The one on the left is too straight,
more attractive

(112)

FEBRUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN

A repair pit in the floor makes accessible
the car's under body

There is consid-
erable space in the
ordinary eight-foot
cellar that is not
utilized, and in two
cases I have used
this for a garage.
In each case the
land sloped sharply
toward the rear of
the house, so that
the ground at the
back was a little be-
low the cellar floor.
The height of a

The roof lines and appearance of the garage continue house scheme

FLOOE FTIAN

GH.OV/HD PLAN

The left hand plan is that of the garage shown above, while the other
illustrates the building in the lower right hand corner of the page

GILOV/MD PLAA)

garage ceiling is usually ten feet, therefore the floor of the garage
was two feet below the cellar floor. The house was high enough
above the street sewer, so that the garage could be drained into
it, but this could have been taken care of by a dry well if the
location had not been as described. The cement floor was laid
on the ground, and the garage was completely shut off from the
cellar with brick walls and a fire door. The ceiling above was of
reinforced concrete. In a new house, if the ground slopes to
the rear, it is usually very easy to utilize this space for a garage.
It is undoubtedly economical and convenient on account of the
centralization of light, heat, power and service. A garage as
part of the house is particularly convenient for the owner who
drives his own car or for the woman who uses an electric vehicle.
It might not be advisable for three or four cars, unless the house
were very large and had an ell, the basement of which could be
used for this purpose.

The design of the garage will, of course, correspond to the
style of the house as far as is practical. The garage affords as
much architectural opportunity as the stable ever did. If the
house is old style, some predominating feature may be repeated,
perhaps the same kind of roof material or color may be incorpo-
rated in the structure to show its relation to the house, unless the
location is so far away that this can be safely disregarded; but
even then do not vary the style of building on one estate. Fur-
ther than this, the style of a garage may safely be left to your
architect, who is competent to take care of this part adequately;
but you must realize the requirements and importance of the
garage in order not to hamper him unduly.

The garage should be fireproof, to prevent the spread of fire
in case the gasolene tank leaks and vaporizes, or oil-soaked waste

catches fire, starting an in-
cipient blaze which may be
easily put out if the sur-
rounding material is not of
such an inflammable nature
as to spread it; the result is
the saving of both the cars
and the building. An ex-
plosion is not probable un-
less the gas vaporizes in con-
finement and the blaze
spreads rapidly, enveloping
the car. If the garage is
frame and is close to frame
buildings it is a hazard and
endangers all the surround-
ing property. The fire in-
surance companies require
A basement garage entered from the that the tank containing the
service yard gasolene shall be buried at

The floor plan of the garage
adjoining it

A good fireproof brick and stucco type having a
shop on one side

This frame and stucco style is designed to hold two
automobiles

HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY, 1913

least ten or fifteen
feet away from
any building, and
two or three
feet below the
ground, fi 1 1 e J
outside through a
tube with cap
and lock six
inches above the
ground.

The exterior
walls may be of
stone, brick, con-
crete or terra-
cotta tile, plas-
tered on both
sides. The inte-
rior partitions should be of terra-cotta
tile plastered, or of metal studs and
wire lath plastered on both sides like
the exteriors. The foundations should
be of concrete. The concrete floor
should be built on cinder fill to drai.i
to a central trap, and this trap should
collect all sand and grease, so that they
can be easily cleaned out. The ceiling
should be of reinforced metal lath or
reinforced concrete beams and terra-
cotta tile plastered. If the second floor
is to be used for storage or living
quarters, or any weight must be sup-
ported by it, steel beams and reinforced
concrete should be used. If the roof
is a flat one it may be covered with tin,
tar or gravel, and with slate or tile if
it is a pitched roof of frame construction.

interior showing overhead washer, heating
and wall lights near the floor

pipes

This fireproof garage of reinforced concrete is a good example
of the more pretentious type

GfLOVMP PLAA1

PLAA

The arrangement of the upper right hand garage is illustrated by the larger plan, while the smaller

one applies to the photograph below it

The second floor

ceiling being fireproof, there is little danger of fire being com-
municated to the loft above.

If an independent heating plant is used, it should have no con-
nection with the garage. Gasolene vapors are heavier than air.
and consequently seek a lower level. If the boiler-room were
connected with the garage, it might become filled with gasolene
vapors that would explode when they came in contact with the
fire.

Frame garages may be made slow-burning if the floor laid on
the ground is of concrete and the inside of the garage proper
covered with metal lath or plaster board, over which are applied
two thick coats of asbestos plaster. This is retardent to fire and
fairly fireproof when threatened with an incipient blaze, but it
would probably disintegrate under a concentrated heat, letting
the flames through.

The garage should be heated by steam or hot water with the
boiler located in a small cellar built under one corner, or if it is
close to the house and the house boiler is large enough and below
the level of the garage, a main may be carried over, laid in tile
and protected with magnesia covering. The small boiler-room
may be built either in the basement or at one side of the garage,
having an independent entrance from without.

Every garage should contain a toilet-room and hot and cold
water, which is usually carried over from the house in the trench
with the heating pipes, but laid well below the line of frost. In
a good many cases the drain of the garage is connected with the
house drain, the sewerage passing through the house to the
sewer in the street. There are, of course, some cases where the
garage may be nearer the street than the house, so that it would
be advisable to have it drain into the main sewer and take the

Another example of fireproof construction. Here
plastered on the inside

brick walls are

water and electricity from the main street supply. Where
garages are placed back of houses the heating, lighting and sewer-
age should be a continuation of the house system if possible. A
cesspool may be resorted to where there is no sewer. If the
conductors on the house are taken into a sewerage system with
cast-iron pipes, the garage sewer can be connected at the bottom
of the conductor where it passes through the house wall. There
should also be hose cocks and an overhead washer in every garage
for washing cars. A telephone from the house with the wires
laid in an underground trench, should not be neglected.

Electricity is required for lighting, to furnish power for the
(Continued on page 133)

From the rear is shown an interesting adaptation of the gambrel roof
to a house that is narrow in proportion to its length

Between the two rows of narrow windows are courses of shaped stones
that offer a pleasing variety in the design

Old Philadelphia Houses,

GRAEME Park, in Horsham Town-
ship, near the Doylestown and Wil-
low Grove Turnpike, is one of the famous
old houses of the Philadelphia neighbor-
hood. It was begun in 1721 by Sir Will-
iam Keith, one of the Colonial governors
of Pennsylvania, and finished the follow-
ing year. Here Sir William lived in great
state, maintaining a retinue of servants
and driving to the city whenever he had
occasion to go thither, with his coach and
four with outriders in truly regal fashion.
The house was in keeping with the
manorial mode of life maintained by the
baronet. Besides the main building shown
in the illustration, there were detached
wings on each side, in which were the
quarters for the servants, the kitchens
and the various domestic offices. These
side buildings disappeared many years
ago, and the whole place, unoccupied for
a long period, has fallen into decay though

Even in the photograph the color and fabric
effect of the field stones are apparent

II. Graeme Park, Horsham

this is not by any means irreparable.

The front of the house is over sixty
feet long, and it has a depth of twenty-five
feet. The walls of rich brown field stone,
carefully laid and fitted, are more than two
feet thick, and over the doors and win-
dows, tall and narrow in proportion, as
was the style at the time of erection, se-
lected stones are laid in flattened arches
of the same type as those at Stenton. The
comparison is interesting between Sten-
ton, the brick house, and Graeme Park,
the stone house, of almost the same date.

The great hall or parlor at the north'
end of the building is twenty-one feet
square. Its walls are paneled and wains-
coted from floor to ceiling, a height of
fourteen feet. In the hall the fireplace is
faced with marble fetched overseas ; in the
other rooms Dutch tiles are used for fac-
ing. There are three rooms on each floor,
(Continued on page 133)

Fine Colonial detail is evident in the rooms, especially about the great
fireplace and mantel and in the wainscoted walls

Although these doors are not symmetrically placed relative to the fire-
place, yet their design gives a sense of balance

("5)

HUNDRED

GARDEN

THE FIRST TWENTY PER CENT SOWING SEEDS INDOORS THE CHOICE
OF SEEDS GETTING AN EARLY START; SOIL; A SMALL GARDEN PLAN

BY F. F. ROCKWELL

NOTE: Heretofore the home garden has been looked upon by many people as more or less of a hobby, and deserving only as much attention
as one usually gives to the pursuit of recreation. That it deserves to be taken up seriously, studied in all its details, and developed to the limit of
efficiency, is a new presentation of the subject. How to have the very best garden possible, on a business basis, is the theme of the present articles,
which take up carefully and practically one detail after another in natural succession, to the completion of the hundred per cent, garden. This series
gives you concretely all the pleasures and profits of gardening.

"\T EGLECTING all personal delight and the benefit to health ble profit of the home gardener, for where the private planter
gets better products and can use varieties that occupy less space

and produce earlier, the advantage to the professional gardener
is taken away in competition with competitors. Lower cost of
production is effected through a better knowledge of fertilizers.
Besides, good seeds and strong plants of much better quality
than ever before are at the service of the home gardener.

With these aids and inducements to gardening in mind, let us
consider the first step toward success, the preparation of the
right kind of soil.

Proper soil for starting seeds is light, friable and quick. I
believe that the biggest part of the trouble people have in start-
ing seeds is due to carelessness on this point. Thinking that
garden soil "will do," they take no further pains, and when, after
careful watering, plenty of heat and the specified number of
days' time, only a few scattered and crooked weaklings manage
to struggle up through the crusted surface of the pan or box, the
seedsman and the magazine writer come in fcr equal shares of
blame. You can make a soil of the proper mechanical condition
as follows: Take some dirt from the bottom of a pile of old,
rotted sods or rubbish, or some light garden soil ; add to it about

half its bulk of leaf-mold

1. "^ that accrues from gardening, one finds this year many
potent arguments for growing vegetables. A few of these practi-
cal considerations should induce the hundreds of readers of this
magazine who are in the position to engage in truck gardening.
Though the prices of food stuffs are higher than ever, the means
available to the home gardener for getting good crops with n
small amount of labor are greater than before. Simply on the
basis of business economy everyone should grow for himself a
plentiful supply of vegetables that should provide the summer sup-
ply and well into the winter as well.

Several recent developments have so enlarged the possibilities
that the term "new gardening" is not undeservedly used. The
improvements tend to certify results, and perhaps one of the chief
aids to success is a new and practical system of irrigation as suit-
able for the fifty by a hundred foot garden as for the large truck
farm. This modern irrigation will do more to revolutionize gar-
dening on a small scale than any other mechanical invention,
plant introduction or cultural discovery of the last two decades ;
it will do as much to make garden results certain as the wheel hoe
and seed drill did to make garden labor less. It is practically
automatic in its operation,

and almost the whole cost of
equipment for a garden 50 x
loo feet would be two hun-
dred feet of three-quarter-
inch galvanized pipe at six to
nine cents a foot (according
to market prices) ; fifty brass
spray nozzles at five cents,
and two patent unions and
handles at one dollar and
eighty cents each. With this
equipment you can get more
out of that garden in one sea-
son than you did before in
two or three years, especially
since the schedule of compan-
ion crops and succession crops
may be adhered to by the as-
sistance of this artificial rain.
Improvement in varieties
also has increased the possi-

In the loosely boarded box section place crocking and cover with sphag-
num moss above this put the prepared soil

from the woods, or chip dirt
from the bottom of the wood
pile, and, if available, some
sand, enough to "cut" it so
that it crumbles apart readily
when compressed in the hand
say, a peck of sand to a
bushel of loam and two pecks
of leaf mold. Mix together
and sift through a sieve with
meshes the size of a coal ash
sifter or smaller.

At this season of the year,
however, it may not be possi-
ble for you to get these things
in which case there are two
alternatives left you; first
(and easiest), go to a local
florist and get a bushel of pre-
pared soil, such as he uses
for starting seeds. Failing in

(116)

FEBRUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN |

this, get a pick, break up a few
chunks of garden soil, and half a
bagful of the semi-frozen rotted
leaves and twigs which you can
easily get in some hollow in the
woods, and place them near the
furnace to thaw out, and partly
dry out. Old soil and manure
taken from a last year's hotbed
will answer the purpose finely.

Flats are the most convenient
things to handle vegetable seed-
lings in. Seed pans are all right
for such fine seed as many flowers
have, but a common, rough-fin-
ished cracker-box flat will give you better results with your veg-
etable seeds. Get a couple of empty boxes, with their covers,
from your grocer, mark them off into two-inch sections, take out
the nails and clamps that come on the marks, and saw them up.
When putting on the bottoms, leave cracks to facilitate perfect
drainage.

In the bottom of the flat place a layer of some rough material
to serve as water drain, moisture-reservoir, and to save your sup-
ply of prepared soil. In the photograph, pieces of broken pots,
covered with sphagnum moss are shown, but any similar rough-
age will do as well. Cover this with the prepared soil, packing
firmly down along sides and in the corners to within about a
quarter of an inch
of the top of the
flat, press the sur-
face smooth with a
piece of board,
mark off rows
about two inches
apart with a small
pointed stick, and
all is ready.

Right here is
where the beginner
usually makes the
mistake of planting
enough cabbage or
lettuce t o serve
him for about five
years if the plants
would keep. In an

Do not crowd the flats with too many seedlings and look out
for "damping off"

flat might be laid out as follows.
(These will probably not average
as many plants to the row as the
others) .

f Chalks Early Jewel.... '
y x row

1 omatoes-j Dwarf Giant Vi row

(.Matchless i row ,

Egg-Plant (Black Beauty) i row

f Neapolitan Early.. Vi rowT

Pepper { Ruby King '/i row [ i y, rows

I Chinese Giant X rowj

Okra (Perfected Perkins) .yi row

f Big Boston i row ]

Lettuce ] Brittle Ice or New > t rows

I York i row j

Celery (Winter Queen) 2 rows

These varieties mentioned above
are all good sorts, and selected,
where more than one of a kind is
suggested, with the idea of furnishing a succession. You may
know others which you like better.

The seed should be scattered evenly but thinly eight or ten to
the inch in the miniature drill, which should be rather broad and
very shallow. Press them in firmly, carefully tag each row, and
then cover about a quarter of an inch deep, pressing the whole
surface down lightly.

Right here comes one of the most important kinks of the plant-
starting art. Instead of giving the flat a dousing with the water-

ing-can, as you probably have been
ing, under the mistaken

At the left are seedlings just ready for transplanting; in the center one with the proper mass of
rootlets and adhering soil; at the right seedlings too lanky set them deep when transplanted

in the habit of do-
idea that it would
be good for the
plants, set the whole
flat in the sink or
bathtub and let in
a little water, just
enough to come a
third of the way
up the sides. Here
let it soak until the
moisture coming
up through from
the bottom shows
on the surface of
the soil, turning
the latter dark in
color. Then let it
drain until it stops
dripping. In this
way you will have
saturated the soil

ordinary cracker-box flat (about 13 by 19) there will be room for in the most thorough manner, without washing out or packing the
eight or nine rows. Each row should give from thirty-five to a surface soil in the slightest.

bottom

hundred seedlings. Suppose we call it fifty for an average.
Then the following planting of early vegetables would be about
right for a medium-sized garden, and the employment of similar
schemes have resulted well for the vegetable grower.

First Planting (February ist to March ist).

f Jersey Wakefield. . . V, row!
Cabbage \ All-head Early ^ row \ 2 rows

(Succession irowj

Cauliflower (Snowball) I row

T ** J Grand Rapids irowi

Lettuce \ Wayahead i row } * rows

Beets (Early Model) 2 rows

. (Pnzetaker trow)

Onions | Ailsa Craig i row J 2 r '

For celery and parsley, both of
which take a very long time to
come up, a seed pan, or cigar box,
or end of a flat which could be
left undisturbed when the other
plants were taken out, might do.

For a second planting, mostly
of the warm-blooded vegetables, a

Place the seedlings to be transplanted on a board; make holes
for them with the fingers and press them firmly into place

To secure quick germination, seeds should be given
heat." As it does not make any difference how dark a place they are
in until they sprout, the flat may be placed over a radiator, on the
back of the kitchen range or on the hot-air or hot-water pipes. Any

surface upon which you can bear
to rest your hand will not be too
hot, as the heat will not be readily
conducted to the surface of the
soil. Cover the box with a loose-
fitting pane of glass, to protect
from mice and to conserve the
moisture and keep the surface of
the soil from getting hard.

In a few days the cabbage and
lettuce seed will be up, followed
soon by the others. The moment
they break ground they will have
to be supplied with all the light
(Continued on page 130)

It is seldom that the small house is so attractive in its appearance and so homelike in its appeal as is this one finished with clapboards. Privacy was
the chief desideratum, and the grounds are so secluded that they are really an annex to the house rooms

THE HOME OF
DR. THEODORE ABBOTT,
CORNWALL, NEW YORK

The kitchen wing is quite distinct from the
living quarters of the house

The house is absolutely simple, yet has enough
variety to make it interesting

Parker Morse Hooper
architect

OOF

The uncovered balcony on the second floor
may be reached from any of the bedrooms

(118)

FEBRUARY. 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

119

The lawn beneath the projecting balcony serves the purpose of a porch,
but there is no porch proper on the house

The living-room, which is also used as a dining-room, is floored with
red tile laid in interesting fashion lending color to the apartment

A garden wall forms an elbow at either side at the rear of the house enclosing a luxuriant growth. The French windows and the door open directly
on the garden and a balcony overlooks it, making it seem another addition to the rooms. The balcony on this side is distinctly interesting

Inside the House

Timely Suggestions and
Answers to Correspondents

The Editor will gladly answer queries pertaining to individual problems of interior decoration and furnishing. When an immediate reply M desired,

please enclose a self-addressed stamped envelope

Floral Decoration at Home

\ LMOST everyone has, at some time
JLX or another, found an occasion which
required a floral decoration for the house,
but unfortunately, at just such a time, the
lack of the technical skill of the profes-
sional florist has raised obstacles that were
not easily overcome. Given the same
quantity and quality of stock to work with,
the chances are that the amateur would
do a better piece of work than the profes-
sional, but the latter's experience and
knowledge of the mechanical part of the
work give him the advantage. The pro-
fessional's work is even ; that is, the flow-
ers seem equally fresh in all parts of the
house. The amateur's work, on the con-
trary, is apt to be spotty, in that the flow-
ers last placed will look better than those
arranged earlier. Again the florist works
with a rush, keeping his perishable stock
in reserve until the last possible moment,
something that cannot be done offhand.

Moss is the florist's standby. He first
soaks it in water and after squeezing it
binds it in forms to hold the flowers. For
a mantel decoration, for instance, he first
makes a mound of moss at the back and
into this he sticks the flowers, using long
stems if the effect is to be high. No wire
is used, but the stems are pointed with a
sharp knife as they are to be used, not be-
fore. The moss, if tied upon a frame, or
even tightly packed, will hold the flowers
in place and keep them fresh for a long
time. In front of the moss, plants of
maidenhair fern might be used, with the
pots turned on their sides. This shows
the top of the plant and makes a striking
decoration. For a doorway he uses moss
tied into a frame of poultry wire of small
mesh. The moss will keep in place and
may be placed safely in any position.
Where a massed effect is desired flowers
can be stuck into the earth of the potted
plants and other plants banked about, giv-
ing an immediate and natural effect. To
do this the stems must be long.

The florist will use all sorts of greenery
provided it can be had in long streamers,
and for this purpose there is nothing that
can be used with better effect than the
rambler roses if they happen to be in flow-

er. When cut in long streamers the ends
of which can be put in bottles of water
concealed by the foliage, good results are
effected. The bottle idea works out well
and will often make success where little
might be expected. Roses used in this
manner are particularly effective, and the
ramblers are available if not cut too long
before being used.

The object the florist keeps in view is
the care of his stock. He tries to keep it
out of the light as long as possible, and
while it must be near at hand he searches
out a cool spot in the cellar and piles the
flowers on the floor, covering them with
dampened paper. If flowers are taken
directly from a very cold ice chest into a
warm atmosphere they are apt to wilt
much more quickly than if taken from a
cool place like a cellar.

Machine-Sewed Carpet Rags

RAG rugs woven from new fabrics are
not nearly so delightful as those
which are the result of family saving.
But new cloth may be machine-sewed to

advantage, making a smoother filling than
if cut back and forth or in strips to be
sewed by hand. For instance, two yards
of new fabric may be joined end to end,
one edge lapping the other, and missing
exact jointure by the width of a carpet
rag. Begin cutting or tearing at this left-
out notch, after sewing with a short stitch
three times along the lap. By cutting
through the lap there is an even, continu-
ous strand that will not break at the seams
nor make a knotty bulge in the weaving.
Old cloth can be treated in the same
way. Indeed, with fairly large pieces one
can sew a long strip together, varying
colors and proportioning them so as to
make beautiful cloudings in the woven
carpet. Join the ends as for new cloth,
cut or tear, always cutting through the
seams, and wind into balls. But often
there are strips too narrow for such join-
ing. Cut them to carpet rag size, laying
each color to itself, and proportioning the
width cut to the bulk of the material. If
thick and thin stuffs must go in the same
ball cut the thin ones to be folded double
or treble. Next cut stiff paper into strips
an inch and a half wide, lay the end of a
strip under the machine foot, lap two
rag ends on top of it, and sew them to-
gether through the paper. Turn the free
end of one sewed rag so as to lie on the
paper, lap a fresh bit flat upon it, sew
through, and repeat till the strip is full.
Now turn the paper around and sew a
second row about half an inch from the
first. Finish by sewing a third row. After
all the rags are sewed pull away the paper
strips, cut through the stitches between the
rags and wind in smooth balls. Thin
stuffs must be folded for sewing, taking
care that the folds run straight. Arrange
colors so as to avoid discords.

Long rambler rose streamers in water holders
are effective in doorways

Radiator Paints

THERE is more to the efficiency of a
radiator than the mere make or size
of the apparatus itself. By varying the
kind and color of the paint on your
radiator you can increase or decrease quite
materially the amount of heat given off by
the latter, as the following facts demon-
strate. Two coats of black asphaltum

(120)

FEBRUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN f

121

paint increase the amount of heat given
off six per cent. Two coats of white lead
will cause an increase of nine per cent, in
the heat, while rough bronzing gives about
the same results as black paint. On the
other hand, one coat of glossy white will
reduce the efficiency of the radiator ten
per cent. One to three coats of bronze
paint do not materially affect the quantity
of heat emitted, but additional frequent
application of bronze operate to decrease
the efficiency. The white enamel so ex-
tensively used on radiators in lavatories
and bathrooms very materially reduces the
effectiveness of a radiator.

To Clean Unlacquered Brass

HERE are several ways, old but good.
For tarnished mounts upon old
furniture tie a pinch of fine salt in a soft,
thick cloth, moisten slightly with sharp
vinegar and rub hard, taking care not to
touch the wood with the salt swab. Polish,
by rubbing until hot, with a flannel dipped
in fine wood ashes it gives a soft luster
otherwise not obtainable. Brass candle-
sticks, dulled, not tarnished, need to be
washed clean in hot soda water, dried and
rubbed with wood ashes. Smear hand
rails, etc., with salt wet with vinegar, let
stand five minutes, then rub off and
polish with either ashes or fine chalk on
a thick cloth.

A Convenient Shelf Closet
A I^HE closet of my nine by ten bedroom
; is so small that it can be used only
as a linen press, and as storage space for
boxes and so forth was badly needed I
procured an inch thick board of redwood,
two feet wide and long enough to fit into
the end of the room over door and win-
dow, the frames of which supported one
end and a strong cleat the other. As the
ceiling was high this left a space of two
feet above the shelf. To protect the con-

tents of the shelf from dust as well as to
hide the unsightly array, I curtained the
space by tacking with brass headed tacks
onto the side of an inch strip of pine, a
series of cream colored cheesecloth cur-
tains. The inch strip of pine had preyi--
ously been nailed with long wire nails to
the ceiling on a line with the front edge
of the shelf. Each curtain section was

A ceiling closet is made by a redwood board
above door and window

finished with hem and tiny heading at
top, was slightly gathered, lapped one inch
over the next and stitched firmly to a strip
of strong tape as long as the entire length
of the shelf. They were left disconnected
on the sides for ease in handling. This
shelf closet has proved a great con-
venience, taking up no space which could
be used in any other way and interfering
in no way with the arrangement of furni-
ture or lighting of the room.

Cretonne and a board change the radiator
into an ornamental shelf

Hiding the Unsightly Radiator
TT is hard to imagine anything less use-
* ful and less ornamental than a steam
radiator during the summer months. The
radiator in our guest-room is in a very
conspicuous place where no possible ar-
rangement of furniture can hide it from
view.

It was the lady of the house who first
thought of a plan to convert the objec-
tionable object into a thing of beauty and
utility. A yard and a quarter of cretonne,
a yard of cotton-ball fringe, an odd piece
of board and a few upholsterers' tacks
were all the material needed to make the
cover shown in the first of the two photo-
graphs.

The board was cut to fit against the
wall and extend half an inch beyond the
front of the radiator. It was left long
enough to extend out over the valve
joint. Cleats were fastened edgewise
across the bottom of the board to fit down
between the sections of the radiator to
keep it from slipping.

A piece of the cretonne was stretched
over the top of the board and tacked down
smooth. The balance of the cretonne was
hemmed at top and bottom and gathered
on a string run through the top hem. The
string was fastened at the back of one end
of the board and stretched around the
front and fastened again at the back of

the other end. With the fullness evenly
distributed, the fringe was tacked down
on top of the cretonne with gilt-headed
tacks. The radiator is completely hidden
and the cover forms a useful shelf, at a
total cost of about fifty cents.

Our success with- this radiator fired the
imagination of the man of the house, who,
after making a crude sketch, sent an order
to the lumber mill calling for

18 feet of 9" x 7/ s " oak
7 " " 3"x%" "
4 " " io"x%"

This he constructed into a piece of fur-
niture resembling a set of shelves, with all
but the upper shelf and top concealed be-
hind a curtain. When the carpenter work
was done the oak was given a coat of
fumed oak wood dye, and when dry was
rubbed down with furniture wax, giving
a rich, dull polish.

The curtain is made of aurora cloth, of
which one and one-quarter yards fifty-
inch width was required. It is sup-
ported on a brass curtain rod.

In the summer time this useful piece of
furniture is placed over the radiator, which
is entirely hidden behind the curtain.
When the steam is turned on it is moved
to another part of the living-room and
fitted with two additional shelves for
which cleats are provided.

The cost of this piece of furniture was

Lumber $2.50

Hardware 20

Stain and wax (about) ... .25
Curtain material 1.25

$4.20

To look at these covered radiators when
not in use one would not imagine that be-
hind the curtains are unsightly shapes of
metal. They are most successfully con-
cealed, and surely the cost is light.

This piece of furniture can be fitted over the
radiator when not in use

Conducted by
F. F. ROCKWELL

The Editor will be glad to answer subscribers' queries pertaining to individual problems connected with the
garden and grounds. When a direct personal reply is desired please enclose a self-addressed stamped envelope

First Steps Toward the Vegetable
Garden

the garden does not take a
place of first importance in one's
mind when the snow is piled high in the
front yard, there is one matter concerning
it that should be considered now. This is
the matter of seed buying, and upon it
depend your chances of enjoying a per-
fect garden next summer.

Take out your seed catalogues and your
last year's garden records if you haven't
any, take the lesson to heart and make
one this year and go through them,
checking up the varieties and amounts you
want and making a temporary list. If
you do not do this you will find at the last
minute that you have too much of some
varieties and too little of others.

Here are the amounts of the various
seeds and plants required for a fifty-foot
row, which is a convenient length :

Asparagus, 50 ; asparagus seed, i oz. :
bean, bush, i pt. ; bean, pole, ^ pt. ; beet,
i oz. ; broccoli, 35; borecole (kale), 25;
brussels sprouts, 35 ; cabbage, early, 35 ;
cabbage, late, 20 ; carrot, ]/ 2 oz. ; cauli-
flower, 35 ; celery, 100 ; corn, y 2 pt. ; cu-
cumber, y 2 oz. ; eggplant, 25 ; endive, l />
oz. ; kale, 25 ; kohl-rabi, y$ ', lettuce, 50 ;
lettuce seed, y 4 oz. ; leek, l / 2 oz. ; melon,
musk, y 2 oz. : melon, water, y 2 oz. ;
onion, y 2 oz. ; okra, l / 2 oz. ; parsley, 14 oz. ;
parsnip, l / 4 oz. ; peas, i pt. ; pepper, 25 ;
potato, y 2 pk. ; pumpkin, '4 oz. ; rhubarb,
25-20 ; radish, y 2 oz. ; salsify % oz. ; spin-
ach, y 2 oz. ; squash, % oz. ;'tomato, 20-15,
and turnip, y.

Here are some good, standard varieties,
that you get from most reliable seedsmen,
and that have detailed descriptions in the
catalogues :
Asparagus Palmetto (heaviest yielder),

Giant Argenteuil, Barris Mammoth.
Beans (Bush) Early Red Valentine,
Stringless Greenpod, Bountiful, Brittle
Wax, Rust-proof Golden Wax, String-
less Refugee, Burpee Improved Bush
Lima.

Beans (Pole) White-seeded Kentucky
Wonder (Burgers Green Pod), Golden
Chester, Sunshine, Horticultural (used
in place of pole limas in cold localities),
Case Knife. Scarlet Runner, Early

Leviathian Lima, Ideal Lima, Giant
Podded Lima.

Beets Early Model (for earliest), Crim-
son Globe, Columbia.

Brussels Sprouts Dalkeith, Danish Giant.

Cabbage Early Jersey W a k e fi e 1 d ,
Charleston Wakefield, Early Spring,
Allhead Early, Glory of Enkhuisen.
Succession, Danish Roundhead .(for
winter), Perfection Savoy (best quality
of all).

Carrots Early Scarlet Horn, Coreless

RHUBARB -2

JOL-

5ECP-D6P

ASPARAGUS-

POLt BEAA5-Z

TOMATOt^-1

CABDAGt

PROCOLLl- 1

CAUUrLOWIrR,EARLY-l

BRUSSLS S

EGG-PUAKT-1

CELtRY-1

CAKROT2-4

KUTA.BAGA- fe

CORJH-4

BEAMS -3

LtTTUCfc-Z

PU/APKIN5-4H.

WINTER 3QUWH-5H

WATERMELONS- 5H.

SJMMtR 3fiUASH,Vlf(C- 5H

A planting plan. The figures at left and top
indicate the length and distance apart of

rows

(early), Chantenay, Danvers Half-
long.

Cauliflower Early Snowball, Best-early,
Dry Weather.

Celery White Plume (earliest), Golden
Seff -blanching (fall), Winter Queen.

Corn Golden Bantam (earliest and very
sweet), one of the several yellow sec-
ond-earlies, Early Cosmopolitan or
Howling Mob, White Evergreen, Coun-
try Gentleman, Black Mexican (small,
but extra sweet).

Citcumbers Extra Early White Spine,
Davis' Perfect, Fordhook Famous,
Yickery's Forcing.

Eggplant Black Beauty.

Kohl-rabi White Vienna.

Lettuce Mignonette, Wayahead, May
King (early head varieties), Grand
Rapids, Curled Simpson ("loose-head"
varieties) ; Salamander, Hanson, All-
season, New York, Brittle-Ice, (for
summer months).

Melons (Musk) O s a g e (Miller's
Cream), Champion Market, Montreal
Nutmeg (all large sorts) ; Rocky Ford
(Netted Gem), Fordhook, Hoodoo,
Jenny Lind, Paul Rose (small sweet
sorts), Henderson's Bush (new "vine-
less" variety).

Melons ( Water) Cole's Early, Ford-
hook (early) ; Ice Cream, Hungarian
Honey, Sweetheart, Halbert Honey.

Onions Silver King (early), Southport
White Globe (finest quality), Southport
Red Globe, Southport Yellow, Prize-
taker (for main crop), Ailsa Craig
(largest).

Peas American Wonder, Nott's Excel-
: sior, Alaska (extra early, but not of
best quality), Gradus, Early Morn,
British Wonder (early, extra good
quality), Boston Unrivalled, Telephone,
Champion of England.

Peppers Early Neapolitan, Ruby King,
Chinese Giant, Sweet Mountain.

Radishes Rapid Red, Early Scarlet But-
ton, Crimson Giant, White Ocicle,
Rocket ; a large number of other good
sorts.

Spinach Swiss Chard (beet), Lucullus,
Victoria, Long-standing, New Zealand
(for mid-summer).

Salsify (Oyster Plant) Mammoth Sand-
wich, Wisconsin Golden Island.

(122)

FEBRUARY. 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

123

Squash White or Yellow Scalloped
(bush, extra early) ; Summer Crook-
neck, Delicata, Fordhook (second early,
vine) ; Hubbard, Boston Marrow, The
Delicious, Heart o' Gold, Simmes Blue
Hubbard (winter).

Tomatoes Chalk's Jewel, Early Free-
dom, Bonny Best, Earliana, Dwarf
Stone, Dwarf Giant, Livingstone's
Globe, Matchless.

Turnips Early White Milan, Petrowski
(early), Amber Globe, Purple Top-
White Globe, White Egg.

How Much to Plant

SO far, so good, but it is still a problem
to determine exactly how much seed
of each variety you will need. While some
seeds will keep for several years, it is gen-
erally better to get fresh ones every season.

First of all, get the size of your garden
"over-all." Then figure up the amount
of space each vegetable not each variety
is to be allotted, taking the more impor-
tant ones, i. e., those which you care most
about, first. Vegetables occupying about
three feet to the row are pole beans, to-
matoes, peas, potatoes, cabbage, cauli-
flower, egg-plant and Brussels sprouts.
They require two feet to the row. Pars-
nips, bush beans and salsify may be given
a foot and a half ; in rich soil, however,
the beans will require about two feet. Let-
tuce, beets, carrots, onions, leek and tur-
nips require from twelve to fifteen inches.
The "vine" plants, such as cucumbers,
squash, melons, both musk and water, re-
quire from four to six feet, and celery, if
to be banked up with earth, will require
about four feet. It can, however, usually
be set out where some early crop, such
as lettuce, early turnips or peas, has been
removed.

If you find vou will not have room for

Judicious pruning and proper care do much
toward producing fine fruit

all these things, remember that potatoes,
late cabbage, turnips, peppers, celery,
watermelons, onions and parsnips all
stand shipping well, and that you can get
these at your grocer's in better quality
than such perishable things as sweet corn,
lettuce or peas, which must be gathered
fresh from the garden to be in perfect
condition. The diagram of a small garden
will give you a suggestion as to how your
own problem may be worked out. In de-
ciding on what varieties of each vegetable
to use, remember that many of the extra
early sorts, such as smooth peas, early
white corn and string beans are not as
large or as delicious as the later varieties,
and as there frequently is only a few days'
difference between the two in the time of
maturing, only enough of the former
should be planted to assure one or two
pickings. Moreover, most of the early
varieties "go by" very quickly and if you
are careless in choosing them or think
too much about the first few weeks of the
season and too little about the last, you are
likely to find yourself with a supply of
tough, over-ripe things on your hands
which even the chickens will refuse.

A small apple tree as it appeared before
proper pruning and trimming

The Ice Crop

EVERY small country place within
reach of a lake or ice-pond and also
subject to the seasonal holdup of the local
ice trust, should have its own small ice-
house. It need neither take up much room
nor be an unsightly object. A little house
twelve feet by twelve will hold several
tons, and, aside from being filled, requires
no attention throughout the year. The
walls should be made double with a dead
air space of several inches between them.
The spaces do not require any filling with
sawdust as the air itself is a non-conductor
of heat. If you have to hire labor for the

filling with ice, see to it that it is done as
soon as the ice is thick enough, as nine or
ten inches of the first freezing, clear and
hard, will keep longer than twelve or four-
teen inches of half frozen slush, etc. Each
layer should be tightly packed with saw-
dust in every chink, to prevent the leaving
of air spaces that might cause the saw-
dust put over the top to run down through
later, leaving exposed spots on the surface.

Pruning and Spraying

PRACTICALLY the only work which
can be done outside at this time of
the year about the garden and grounds, is
such spraying and printing as has not al-
ready been done. For the benefit of new
readers I repeat briefly some suggestions
given before. Apple trees and other fruit
trees plagued with the San Jose scale
should be sprayed thoroughly, covered all
over with lime sulphur wash, extra strong
for winter use. or with a diluted miscible
oil. made for the purpose.

In pruning cut out all branches that
cross or rub each other, and if they are
over two inches in diameter be sure to
paint over the wound with coal tar. Any
broken or diseased parts should be cut
out and treated in the same way, and any
holes or decaying spots cut out cleanly
to live wood and the wound filled with
cement, first applying a coat of thin coal
tar to soak into the wood. The surface
of the filling should also be covered, to
prevent its becoming weather cracked.

In spite of reminders and directions we
keep putting such things off, and the result
is often another season of poor fruit. Re-
member that much can be done in the way
of planning ahead, even though the actual
work on the garden mav now be limited.

An illustration of the relative extent to which
apple tree pruning should be carried

E D ITOR.I AL

THE CULTIVATION OF AS far as the garden is con-

DIS APPOINTMENT -tX cerned, February is a drear

interregnum. Indoors, of course,

one starts the embryo of future luxuriance, but in some ways the
work is but an aggravation, especially to the eyes impatient for
the growing glory of the out-of-doors.

About this time we generally turn to the gardens that spread
their beauty through the pages of books. There are many that
breathe their perfume perennially, but at no season is it sweeter
than at this. Perhaps our choice of authors would not meet with
your approval. Maybe Warner and Emerson and Thoreau
why prolong the list do not awaken your enthusiasm. But we
do want your agreement on a little passage that seemed to shine
out with such kindly good humor from Stevenson's letters. You
know it, perhaps; it contains the best cultural directions for
February, so here it is:

" I am no cultivator of disappointments, 'tis an herb

that does not grow in my garden ; but I get some good crops
both of remorse and gratitude. The last I can recommend to all
gardeners ; it grows best in shiny weather, but once well grown,
is very hardy; it does not require much labor; only that the
husbandman should smoke his pipe about the flower-plots and
admire God's pleasant wonders. Winter green (otherwise known
as Resignation, or the "false gratitude plant") springs in much
the same soil ; is little hardier, if at all ; and requires to be so
dug about and dunged, that there is little margin left for profit.
The variety known as Black Winter green (H. V. Stevensoniana)
is rather for ornament than for profit.

"John, do you see that bed of resignation?" -"It's doin'
bravely, sir." "John, I will not have it in my garden ; it flatters
not the eye and comforts not the stomach ; root it out." "Sir,
I hae seen o' them that raise as high as nettles ; gran' plants !"-
"What then? Were they as tall as alps, if still unsavoury and
bleak, what matters it? Out with it, then; and in its place put
Laughter and a Good Conceit (that capital home evergreen),
and a bush of Flowering Piety but see it be the flowering sort
the other species is no ornament to any gentleman's Back
Garden."

A NEW SUBJECT FOR "117" HENEVER that elastic com-
INVESTIGATION VV posure of ours has become

quite settled, when we have become

almost blase and unaffected by the recurrent thrillers of our
daily paper, when murders pall and we are thoroughly inured to
graft and investigation disclosures, war scares, and political dis-
cussion, the versatile journalist springs a new medical discovery
upon us and the response is immediate. We have discovered our-
selves to be in immediate danger of dread, incurable diseases.
Many of the warnings are wise and the care resultant a very
good thing, but so often the scare is merely aimed at hysterical
natures and the information, "news" merely on account of its
bizarre qualities. We do not mean to disparage the work of the
good guardians of our health their warnings persist beyond
the stir of blatant headlines. But there are serious abuses not
local but universal and these excite no comment perhaps because
they are so very, very common. One in particular finds its way
even into the circle of the home. It is the evil of improper light-
ing.

To correct the evils there is no need of vast legal processes.
There are no picturesque features of millionaire oppressors of
the poor, no deep-dyed villain's sensational disclosures. After
this statement many will say the matter must be unimportant;
but though its correction needs no trumpeted publicity, its
dangers are as real as its remedy simple.

The misuse of illumination gives us irritation at work, it pains
and wearies us while we seek rest at home. Most of us labor
under the delusion that we are getting good lighting as we in-
crease its brilliance to a flood of light that searches every corner
and drives away all shadows. In truth we are driving away
comfort and leaving headache, eyestrain and bad temper in its
place. There is a chemical change that takes place within our
eyes when light enters the retina. That infinitely sensitive or-
ganism with its complex system of nerves must constantly read-
just itself at every new thing we see and yet we over-exert this
readjustment capacity by directing a glare upon our eyes from
polished surface and unprotected light source, that scientists
describe as many times beyond the normal amount consistent
with a healthy condition. It is no wonder that we are over-
tired or nervous.

Furthermore, by aiming to drive away shadows we make our
interiors garish, uninteresting. We have done away with that
necessity of art contrast. Everything is of one tone, without
highlights, flat and without variety. Besides, by insisting on
brilliance, we have rendered negligible the color possibilities of
lighting, and its decorative value.

Does this appear exaggerated? In thousands of instances it
is no exaggeration. We have cheaper lighting, better lighting,
but in many cases we waste our advantages through ignorance.

In another part of this magazine there appears the second
article of a series that supplies the much needed information on
this subject. Its object is to spread that necessary knowledge
of how to obtain the benefits that science has put within our
reach in source of light and means of using it. When we be-
come aware that we may heighten the atmosphere of the home
by our illumination, gain eye comfort and repose and when we
apply the suggested remedies we will find even our dispositions
changed for the better.

A REMEDY FOR THE HP HERE seems to be at least one
SWOLLEN BUDGET A direct result of the constantly

rising prices : we have a new topic

of conversation that bids fair to overshadow that old favorite of
ours, the weather. So far as finding a solution for the problem
is concerned there is no remedy in sight. Most people wait for
some legislative action, or look to the appointment of some com-
mission to readjust costs. Meanwhile the expense grows, and
there is little that the individual can do to change the figures of
the aggregate high cost of living.

When the question is referred to the family budget, however,
the case is different. Though the national figures remain the
same, the personal ones can show a decrease. This is particularly
true this year, for as spring approaches the planter of the small
garden finds himself in a better position than ever to grow
produce for his own table that will supply more than his personal
needs throughout the summer and fall, and well into the winter.
The labor saving tools, the better, hardier and more productive
varieties, the recently discovered irrigation system for the small
place these are some of the factors that make it possible for
the house owner to receive advantages far above the market
gardener whose ultimate profit is determined by competition.

Most of the readers of HOUSE & GARDEN have the opportunity
to cultivate a vegetable garden. To them the series entitled "The
Hundred Per Cent Garden" is directed in order that they may
apply to their home place those same careful economies that
they employ in their business. The principles of scientific
gardening are not abstruse nor dull learning, and the working
out of them is a real pleasure, but we urge every one who may,
to put them in operation, for they help to lighten the budget.

(124)

FEBRUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

125 [

2ICH2IC

THE FUNDAMENTAL ESSENTIALS
IN FINE FURNITURE

The beauty and charm of a splendid design can be materially enhanced by the use of rare and
choice woods in varying grains, ingeniously combined.

W. & J. SLOANE

FURNITURE AND DECORATIONS

FIFTH AVENUE AND FORTY^ SEVENTH STREET, NEW YORK

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AMD GADM.

126

HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY, 1913

[HIS is the Globe- Wernicke period in bookcases. The unit
construction of the Globe- Wernicke bookcase promotes an
added interest in the collection of such books as are worth
reading and worth keeping. When it is so easy and eco-
nomical to store books in such attractive quarters, it is but-
natural that even the younger generation should take considerable
pride in starting individual libraries devoted to specialized branches
of study. Whether in the home or school, the Globe- Wernicke bookcase contri-
butes much to the pleasure of all who find satisfaction in a growing library where
provision has been made for all possible future additions. The Globe- Wernicke
bookcase can be had in all styles and finishes, to harmonize with any interior trim.

"Booklavtrs' Shopping till"- This little book lists the works of great authors and gives the prices of
the same in sets. The list includes the low-priced, popular sets as well as the de luxe editions. Every
book buyer should have a copy. Sent free with the Globe- Wernicke catalog. Address Department H.G.

Cincinnati, Ohio

Branch Storf*:

New Ybrlc 380-3*2 Broadway

Philadelphia. 1012-1014 Cheitont St.

Chicago, 231-235 So. Wabash Ave.
bostun, 91-93 Federal St.

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Stob^V&rwekc

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ANDORRA NURSERIES

WM. WARNER HARPER. Proprietor

BOX

CHESTNUT HILL
PHILADELPHIA. PA.

Foliage Plants Everyone May Grow.
(Continued from page no)

causes the leaves to turn yellow and droop.
As the rubber is more difficult to propa-
gate than most house plants, and since
specimens will not get too large for sev-
eral years, it will be best to get plants from
the florist's. It frequently happens, how-
ever, that an old plant which has been
grown up to a single stem becomes un-
wieldy and bare at the bottom. In such
cases the upper part may be removed by
"topping" and the main trunk cut back
to within six to eighteen inches of the pot
or tub, and water partly withheld until
new growth starts. The old stem may
thus be transformed into a low bush plant
and frequently it makes a very handsome
specimen. The topping is performed by
making a deep upward slanting cut with
a sharp knife, at the point you want in
the pot for your new plant. In the cut
stuff a little sphagnum moss ; remove this
after a few days and wash the cut out
with warm water, removing the congealed
sap. Insert fresh moss, and with strips of
soft cloth tie a good handful over the
wound. Keep this moist constantly until
the roots show through the moss, which
may be several weeks. Then pot in moist
earth, not wet, and syringe daily, but do
not water the pots for two or three days.
Sometimes pots cut in halves and the bot-
toms partly removed are used to hold the
moss in place. August is a good time to
propagate.

Ficus elastica is the common rubber
plant. The "fiddle-leaved" rubber plant
(F. pandurata) is another variety now
largely grown. It differs from the former
in having very broad, blunt leaves, shaped
like the head of a fiddle, which are marked
by the whitish veins. Two other beautiful
plants are F. Cooperia, having large
leaves with red midribs, and F. Parcelli.
with leaves marbled with white. They
should be given a higher temperature than
F. elastica.

To add a touch of color to the winter
garden, there are two excellent plants
which, while not of importance primarily
for their foliage, still deserve a place in
every collection. The first is the Ardisia
the best red-berried plant for the house.
It is a dwarf, with very beautiful dark
green foliage. While kept healthy it will
be laden constantly with its attractive
clusters of berries, one crop lasting over to
the next. Seedlings make the best plants,
and are readily grown. Sow in January
to April, and plants will flower within a
year and thereafter be perpetually dec-
orated. Old plants can be topped and
make fine specimens. By all means give
the Ardisia a place in your collection.

The second is the decorative pepper.
Some of the peppers make very attractive
pot plants on account of their bright fruit,
which is very pretty in all stages of growth
from the new green pods, through yellow
to bright red. Buy new plants or start
from seed in spring. They are easily
grown if kept on the warm side of the

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEK.

FEBRUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

127

house. Celestial and Kaleidoscope are the
two kinds best suited for house culture.

The "sensitive plant" (Mimosa pudica)
is a pretty little green-leaved plant, the
never-failing interest in which lies not in
its beauty, however, but in the fact that
it shrinks and folds up when touched, as
though it belonged to the animal king-
dom. It is easily grown from seed.

The umbrella plant ( Cyperus) does well
with ordinary care, and is at all times very
attractive. The long, slender stems, each
surmounted by a number of drooping
slender leaves, somewhat resembling the
ribs of an umbrella in the way they are
held, are thrown up in a thick group from
the base of the plant, making a most strik-
ing and artistic appearance. Its chief re-
quirement is plenty of water.

While you probably will not have room
for all these plants, or even a majority of
them, do not be content to stick to the old
universally known sorts. While a good
specimen of a new variety of palm or rub-
ber may not be as cheap as a geranium,
you should take into consideration that it
will last several years, and the cost, being
thus distributed, is actually very little. A
good plant is one of the most lasting, satis-
fying and worth-while "luxuries" you
can treat yourself to one which you will
never be sorry for after you get it.

The Lure of the Orchid
(Continued from page 104)

orchids even in the tropics. It grew chiefly
in inaccessible places, on the overhanging
rocks and in the deep ravines of the coast.
To gather the plants natives had to be
lowered on ropes, but gathered they all
were, and collectors no longer send home
the Laelia elegans!

The orchid hobby, unlike other floral
excitements, has never grown into a mania
and has never known a period of inflation.
The Tulip, the Dahlia, the Zinnia, the
Camellia, each in its turn -sprang into prom-
inence, gave rise to wild speculation-, had
its day, and sank into oblivion. In quite
another way the orchid has slowly and
steadily made its way. Its cultivation, at
first only possible to the immensely rich, is
rapidly approaching the reach of all.
Thanks to vast importations and improved
facilities for domestic propagation, the
number of plants in cultivation has so in-
creased that prices of many of the most
beautiful forms, which formerly were
given in guineas, are now quoted in shil-
lings. This has led to no decreased inter-
est on the part of the more wealthy, who,
on the contrary, have continued to improve
the standard of their collections. As ordi-
nary specimens have become cheaper,
prices for particularly fine or rare plants
have continued to mount from year to
year, until now it is no uncommon occur-
rence for some desirable plant to fetch at
auction over a thousand dollars.

TT is a mistaken notion
* to suppose that you
must paint your house
white if you use white
lead.

You can have any tint,
any shade, and it lasts
if you use DUTCH BOY
WHITE LEAD and Dutch
Boy Linseed Oil.

Dutch Boy White Lead in steel kegs, 12^, 25, 50 and 100 Ibs. Dutch Boy Linseed
Oil, 1 and 5 gallon sealed cans. Ask your paint dealer.

Let us send you "Painting Helps 18," full of facts every house owner should know
about painting. We will include our catalogue of 100 beautiful stencils for walls.

NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY

New York Boston Buffalo Chicauo Cincinnati Cleveland San Francisco St. Louis
(John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., Philadelphia) (National Lead & Oil Co., Fittsbursh)

111

O. J. Gette. Architect, New York

When

spring building, figure on using

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Preserve and beautify

Special preservative oils protect from the elements and pre-
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Write for stained miniature shingles and Booklet A
DEXTER BROTHERS CO., 112 Broad Street, Boston

BRANCHES: 1133 Broadway, New York 218 lUoo St., Philadelphia.
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In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

128

HOUSE AND GARDEN |

FEBRUARY, 1913

DENVER. COLO.
DALLAS. TEX.
CLEVELAND. OHIO

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I We offer you the experience of our knowledge and perfect work-
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positive assurance against dissapointment, dissatisfaction and loss.

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Manufacturers Faint Specialties. Norwich, Conn.

Branch, 501 Fifth Aye., New York.

The adventures of orchid collectors are
fully as interesting as those of hunters,
explorers and gold prospectors. Much has
been written of the Klondike, but few
have heard of the ecstasy of the traveler
Roezl, on beholding a remote and mud-
built chapel draped with garlands of Flor
de Majo, the chancel walls clothed in a
scarlet and crimson blaze of Masdevallia
Harry ana. A price of $5,000 was once
refused by Sir Trevor Lawrence for one
of the last specimens of the lost Lady's
Slipper Cypripedium faerianum, which
was later rediscovered in quantities and by
accident by Mr. G. C. Searight of the In-
dian service while surveying in the Bhotan
hills. Struck by its appearance, he sent
a few specimens to a friend in Calcutta
word of its rediscovery was flashed over
the world and shipments were rushed to
London, where the florists had offered a
reward of $5,000 for its reintroduction.

The story of another Lady's Slipper,
the Cypripedium Curtisii, is less widely
known but fully as interesting.

A single plant of this species was sent
to England from Penang by Mr. Curtis
in 1882. It ranked among the finest, and
amateurs watched with impatience the
coming of a further supply. No more
came, however, and collectors gave up all
hope of ever again finding it. Finally
the explorer Ericsson, while collecting
other species in Sumatra, took shelter
from a storm in a mountain hut. There
on the walls amid the scrawled names of
other travelers who had rested there, was
a drawing of the lost Curtisii, and under-
neath was written "C. C's contribution to
the adornment of the house." Ericsson at
once commenced searching the neighbor-
hood, and at last, when he was just about
to give up in disgust, found the plant in
a most unlikely place.

Interesting, too, is the history of the
Cattleya labiata. As far back as 1818,
when orchid culture was in its very in-
fancy, the plant was received by Dr. Lind-
ley as a packing around some lichens sent
from Brazil. Dr. Lindley described it and
named it after Mr. Cattley, one of the
earliest of orchid enthusiasts. From time
to time other plants were received which
were taken for the true labiata, until, with
the increased knowledge of the flower,
came the disclosure that the true type
was no longer in cultivation and that its
home had been forgotten. For years it
was the one ambition of collectors to find
this treasure again. At length, in 1889,
some plants were sent by chance to a
dealer in Paris. At once collectors were
sent after it, and before long it was one
of the most plentifully represented plants
on the shelves of the growers. Since its
rediscovery, rather unpleasant to relate,
gathering has gone on so ruthlessly thai
the plant has been nearly exterminated,
and the last collector scarcely found
enough specimens to pay his expenses.
Perhaps, however, there is still some wild
where the labiata is blooming in large
quantities, waiting for the discoverer to
add to the romance of orchid hunting.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

FEBRUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

129

Beautifying the Small Back Yard
(Continued from page 101)
eriiig dogwood.
Ornamental Trees

i Cornus Florida (Flowering Dog-
wood)

1 Pyrus lonensis flare-plena (Beach-

tel's crab apple)

Pot and Tub Plants

4 Hydrangea Hortensis Otaksa

(Otaksa hydrangea)
4 Buxus sempervirens (Standard tree

box)
4 Buxus sempervirens (Pyramidal

tree box)
Shrubs

4 Bu.vus sempervirens (Globe-shaped

tree box)

5 Berberis Japonica (Japanese bar-

berry)

5 Berberis aquifolium (Mahonia)
5 Deutzia parviflora (Small-flowered

deutzia)

10 Deutzia Lemoinei (Lemoine's deut-
zia)
5 Spircea arguta ( Sharp -toothed

spirea)
5 Spircea Van Houttei (Van Houtte's

spirea)

10 Rosa rugosa (Ramanas rose)
15 Rosa rugosa alba (White Ramanas

rose)

5 P&onia moutan (Tree peony)
5 Rhodotypos kerrioides (Rhodoty-

pus)
5 Philadelphia lemoinei Mt. Blanc

(Mock orange "Mt. Blanc")
5 Syringa vulgaris Varieties (Named

Lilacs in Variety) :
i Alba grandifiora
i Madame Lemoine
i Marie Legraye
i President Carnot
i Souvenir De Ludwig Spaeth

10 Ilex crenata (Japanese holly)

5 Forsythia suspensa fortunei (For-
tune's golden bell)

20 Taxus ctispidata nana (Dwarf Jap-
anese yew)
5 Hydrangea paniculata (Panicled

hydrangea)

5 Viburnum cassinoides (White rod)
100 Ligustrnm amurense (Amoor River

privet)
Shrubby Vines

50 Hedera helix (English ivy)

11 Ampelopsis tricuspidata (Boston

ivy)

5 Lonicera Japonica Halliana (Hall's
Japanese honeysuckle)

2 Wistaria Chinensis (Chinese wis-

taria)

2 Akebia quinata (Akebia)

4 Rosa Dawson Rambler (Rose

"Dawson's Rambler")
10 Clematis paniculata (Panicled cle-
matis)

I Clematis lanuginosa Lady Caroline
Neville (Clematis "Lady Caroline
Neville")

I Clematis lanuginosa Henry I (Hen-
ry's clematis)

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With old-type tires, rim-cutting ruins
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that, on the average, adds 25 per cent,
to the tire mileage.

These two features together save mo-
tor car owners a million dollars monthly.

And these projections aren't separate.
They meet at the base so the strains are
distributed the same as with smooth-
tread tires.

So this is by far the most efficient, the
longest-lived non-skid.

Listen to It

The Goodyear Non-Skid is a double-
thick tread, made of very tough rubber.

It is so thick that the blocks are cut
very deep. So tough that the blocks are
immensely enduring.

They grasp the road surface with a
bulldog grip.

Now let these tires tell their tale to
you tell it by mileage figures tell it
by lower tire bills.

They will tell it in a way which you
can't dispute. And it will, in the long
run, save you hundreds of dollars.

The evidence is A quarter-million
men who heard this tale have come to
Goodyear tires.

Write for the Goodyear Tire Book
I4th-year edition. It tells scores of facts
you should know.

AKRON. OHIO

No-Rim-Cut Tires

With or without Non-Skid Treads

THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, Akron, Ohio

Branches and Agencies In 103 Principal Cities. More Service Stations Than Any Other Tire
We Make All Kinds of Rubber Tires, Tire Accessories and Repair Outfits

Main Canadian Office, Toronto, Ont. (953) Canadian Factory, Bowmaiiville, Ont.

Has all food compartments of One Piece of Solid
Porcelain (earthen) Ware an inch or more thick with
rounded edges and corners ; without Joints, Cracks
or Sharp Corners. Fired at about 2500 of heat for ten
days. Practically Unbreakable. Made just like the finest
china dish. The Sanitary permanence of the pure white
surface; the durability, the added insulation these afford
in connection with our five inch thick walls the .__
smooth solid oak case and other patented and h>
exclusive features are why the Tettenborn |
Solid Porcelain Refrigerator is the only perm- I,
anently sanitary the most economical and the one jf
which will give a life time of most satisfactory B
service. Made in all sizes. Special ones to order. ^ ^^^~-

SEND FOR CATALOGUE 113 TETTENBORN & CO. CINCINNATI ESTABLISHED 1867

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

130

HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY, 1913

At the country home of Mr. F. H. Mason
Akron, O. A Wagner Plan and Planting

Wagner experience and skill expressed through
the medium of vigorous stock grown in the -Wagner
Park Nurseries this service is at the command of
every garden lover.

Whatever the possibilities of your grounds, large
or small, W'agner insight can be of great help to
you, and the Wagner plants will realize for you the fullest
measure of lasting satisfaction.

The wide range of shrubs, trees, plants, hardy borders and
ornamental vines produced in the fullness of perfection at the
Wagner Park Nurseries will enable you to secure the most
pleasing effects in the shortest possible time.

For those who prefer to do their own planting, we are pleased to
submit our ideas and to furnish the plants that will be certain
to respond most gratefully to the care of the amateur.

Write to-day for our handsome catalog and book
"Plants and flans for Beautiful Surroundings."

WAGNER PARK NURSERY CO.

Box 719 SIDNEY, OHIO

ENGLISH CASEMENTS

LEND A PECULIAR CHARM TO ENGLISH
HOMES BUT ENGLISHMEN RARELY
SCREEN THEIR WINDOWS.
YOU^CANUNOW AMERICANIZE THE
GOOD OLD ENGLISH CASEMENT FOR
YOUR NEW HOUSE BY EQUIPPING EACH
SASH WITH ONE OF OUR "HOLDFAST"
OR "BULL-DOG" ADJUSTERS TO OP-
ERATE THEM EASILY AND QUICKLY FROM
INSIDE THE SCREENS AND STORM SASH
POSTALIZE US TODAY FOR A PICTURE BOOKLET

CASEMENT HDWE. CO., 175 N. State Street, Chicago

i Clematis flammula (Flaming cle-
matis)
i Clematis viticella lilicina floribunda

(Lilac clematis)

i Clematis Orientalis (Oriental cle-
matis)
Herbaceous Perennials

30 Alyssum saxatile (Golden tuft)
30 Phlox subulata (Moss pink)
$olberis sempervirens (Evergreen

candytuft)

10 Yucca filamentosa (Adam's needle)
10 Althaea rosea (Hollyhock)
10 Achillea tomentosa (Achillea)
10 Phlox divaricata (Wild Sweet Will-
iam)

15 Dictamnus albus (Gas plant)
15 Heuchera sanguinea (Coral bells)
15 Anemone Japonica (Japanese ane-
mone)
10 Trillium Grandiflorum (Wake-

robin)

10 Hemerocallis flava (Lemon lily)
5 Clematis recta (Upright clematis)
Ferns

10 Adiantum pedatum (Maidenhair

fern)

10 Dryopteris marginalis (Wood fern)
15 Polystichum acrostichoides (Christ-
mas fern)
Bulbous plants

150 Colchicum speciosum (Meadow Saf-
fron)

100 Eranthis hyemalis (Winter aconite)
15 Fritillaria meleagris (Fritillaria)
50 Galanthus elwesi (Giant snowdrop)
100 Lilium speciosum rubrum (Red

lily)

60 Narcissus poeticus (Poet's narcis-
sus)
20 Narcissus princeps (Daffodil "Prin-

ceps")

20 Narcissus Golden Spur (Daffodil
"Golden Spur")

The Hundred Per Cent. Garden

(Continued from page 117)
you can give them. If you haven't a con-
venient place near a window, get a couple
of ordinary metal brackets, screw them
securely on either side of the window and
place a light board across on which to
put the flat. This makes an ideal place
for the little seedlings. The glass cover-
ing should be removed when the sun
shines directly upon the box, as it forms a
miniature coldframe in which the temper-
ature would be too high.

From the time the flat is put in the
window until the third true-leaf appears
( when they will be ready to transplant) is
the most risky stage of seedling growth.
The dreaded enemy is the "damping off"
fungus, which attacks the stems where
they enter the soil, causing them to turn
black and shrivel up or rot off. There are
four precautions to take against it the
first of which is to plant early enough to
start over again if it should get the best
of you. The others are: Proper care in

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDKK.

FEBRUARY,

HOUSE AND GARDEN

watering. If the flat has been thoroughly
soaked through from below at the time of
planting, it should need no further water-
ing until after the seeds have sprouted.
When further watering is needed, as indi-
cated by the surface of the soil becoming
dry, the best way is to repeat the former
process. If this cannot conveniently be
done, water with a can, using the finest
nozzle, and being careful to do it on a
bright, sunny day when all the foliage and
soil surface will have a chance to dry off
before night. In either case saturate the
soil thoroughly. The temperature of the
water, contrary to some theories, makes
little difference.

Maintain a proper temperature. In the
case of the early plants (sown in the first
flat) this will be forty-five to fifty degrees
at night (never going below forty de-
grees, if it can be helped). The day tem-
perature should be ten to fifteen degrees
higher.

Give ample ventilation. Remember that
your little plants need airing every day.
Make it your rule to give all the ventilation
you possibly can without letting the tem-
perature stay below forty-five degrees at
night or sixty degrees in the daytime.
The best way is to open a window in an
adjoining room or on the opposite side of
the one they are in, as a draft directly
upon them may cause trouble.

Given the above ample but regular
treatment, the little seedling should grow
rapidly and acquire a healthy dark green
color. When they touch the glass it should
te removed altogether; and if they show
any tendency to bend toward the light.
occasionally turn the flat about to let them
straighten up again.

In six to eight weeks after sowing they
should have developed into quite sturdy
little seedlings, and about the time the
third true leaf may be just seen, they will
be ready for "pricking off," or transplant-
ing. Do not delay this operation a day
after they are ready for it, especially if
tliey have come up thick, as they will run
the double risk of becoming lanky and of
damping off.

Prepare flats similar to the seed flats,
but three or four inches deep, instead of
two. Into the bottom put a layer of very
old, thoroughly rotted manure, and fill
level full of good soil that used for plant-
ing will be all right, but it will not matter
if it is not so light or finely sifted. If no
manure is to be had, put a layer of drain-
age material on the bottom of the box, and
mix bone flour, at the rate of three to four
quarts to the bushel, through the soil, pre-
paring it, if possible, a week or so in ad-
vance.

Taking up the seedlings must be done
with care, as the filmy little rootlets are
easily broken. The seed box should be
watered the day previous to have the soil
in just the right condition. Then take up
a small bunch of plants and dirt and gent-
ly pull the seedlings out, discarding all
that are weak or show any sign of stem
rot, and lay the rest out on a small piece
of shingle or something similar, so that

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In durability J-M Transite Asbestos Shin-
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ing on which they are placed.

The fact that J-M Transite Asbestos
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They are fire-proof, water-proof and practically wear-proof, and require no attention
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We furnish them in three colors natural gray, Indian red and slate.
Write Nearest Branch for Booklet

H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO.

Residence of C. R. Manaille, Pleasanlville, N. Y.
Covered with J-M Transits Asbestos Shingles
Belts <6 Hotmer, Architects, Milwaukee, Wis.

Albany

Atlanta

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Buffalo

Toronto,

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Cleveland

Dallas

Detroit

Duluth
Houghton
Houston
Indianapolis
Kansas City

Los Angeles

Louisville

Memphis

Milwaukee

Minneapolis

Newark, N. J. Philadelphia St. Paul
New Orleans Pittsburgh San francisco

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Oklahoma City Rochester Syracuse

Omaha St. Louis Washington

Wilkesbarre

For Canada: THE CANADIAN H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO.. LIMITED.

Montreal, Winnipeg, Vancouver.

I54Q

Garden and Hall
Furniture

Guaranteed to stand any

climate;

Marbles, Terra Cotta
Stones. etc., Vases
Benches, Sun Dial Ter
minals, Tables, Fountain!
Flower Boxes. Mantel;

Statues, Reliefs, etc.
Send 26c for illustrated

catalog of 295 pages.

The best copies of the best

originals

Large EVERGREENS

Give warmth and cheer to the Winter
landscape. Pioneers in the growing and
moving of large trees and shrubbery,
our nurseries offer the finest selection in
America for lawn and garden planting.

Write for Catalogue D.
THESTEPHEN HOYT'S SONSCOMPANv
Eat. 1848 New Canaan, Conn. inc. 1903

Two Magnificent Books on Home Building

Modern Dwellings 0x12 in. 200 Illus. ^1 BOTH

($3,500 to $50,000) with Plans ..SI .SO I BOOKS

American Homes 150 Illustrations ( C *> A A

($2,500 to $10,000) with Plans.. S1.OOJ ** w w

These books contain a profusion of the latest ideas in

Georgian, Colonial, English. Bungalow, &c

For those who are Planning to Build
QEO, F. BARBER & CO., Architects, Knoxville, Tenn.

If you would

Build
Beautifully

Get

These Books FIRST
One good new Idea,
while you are plan-
ning your tome, is
worth the price of
Many books

CIRCULAR FREE

INGE.E Rose<?

Sturdy as Oaks. Founded 1850

Our Rose Plants are strongest and best.
They are always grown on their own roots.

More than 60 years of "knowing how" behind each plant; that fact
is your guarantee of satisfaction. Under our special low-price order
plan we will prepay all express charges and guarantee safe delivery
our guide explains. No matter where you live you can depend on
getting D & C roses in perfect condition. Write for

Our "New Guide to Rose Culture" for 1913 free

This is absolutely the most educational work on rose culture
ever published. It isn't a catalog it is the boiled-down, lifetime
experience of the oldest rose growing house in the United States.
The guide is free. It is profusely illustrated in natural colors
and the cover pictures the new Charles Dingee Rose, the best,
hardiest, free-blooming rose in the world. This guide will be
treasured long by rose lovers write before the issue is all gone. It's
free. No other rose house has our reputation.

Established 1850 70 Greenhouses

THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Box 274, West Grove. Pa.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

132

HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY,

THE "HEADQUARTERS" FOR

Sweet Peas

Now Offer for 1913

Collections of Spencers

that can not be equaled elsewhere! Such values would
not be possible even with us. had we not increased our
acreage in the Beautiful Lompoc ("Little Hills") Val-
ley, California. Here under the direct personal care of
the Resident Manager at our FLORADALE FARM "The
Home of Flowers" we had the past season one hun-
dred and fifty acres of SWEET PEAS alone! We hold
today the largest stocks of RE-SELECTED SPENCERS in
the world.

Six "Superb Spencers"

C* .. Off f^tts w e will mail one fifteen-cent pack-
rOr D \*U et eac h O f ELFRIDA PEARSON, the
unique new light pink of huge size shown on colored
plate, THOMAS STEVENSON the intense flaming orange,
IRISH BELLE, rich lilac flushed with pink, also one
regular ten-cent packet each of KING EDWARD SPENCER,
intense, glossy, carmine-scarlet, MRS. HUGH DICKSON',
rich pinkish apricot on cream, also one large packet
(80 to 90 seeds) of The New Burpee-Blend of Sur-
passingly Superb Spencers for 1913, which is absolute-
ly unequaled. With each collection we enclose our
Leaflet on culture.

C7" At regular prices for 1913 these would cost 75
cts., but all six packets will be mailed for 25 cts.

Six "Superfine Spencers"

pj-vm. OC {"** 4-Q we will mail one regular ten-cent
rw * ~** V^L. packet each of AMERICA SPENCER,
brightly striped carmine-red on white, CONSTANCE OLI-
VER, rich rose-pink on cream, ETHEL ROOSEVELT, soft
primrose flaked with blush-crimson, FLORENCE NIGHT-
INGALE, the largest and best lavender, GEORGE HER-
BERT, bright rose-carmine, and BURPEE'S WHITE SPEN-
CER, the best giant white. With each collection we en-
close Leaflet on culture.

IC7" These are all of the choicest seed grown by our-
selves at FLORADALE, the "Home of Sweet Peas."

Six "Standard Spencers"

eceipt of

For 50 Cts we wi " mai ' ? ny two J zbove col-
' lections and give in addition without
cost a regular fifteen-cent packet of our lovely novelty
for 1913, CHARM, shown on colored plate in The
Burpee Annual.

For SI 00 we w '" ma '' a " tllree collections as
offered above and also one fifteen-
cent packet each of the lovely new CHARM, the irides-
cent VERMILION BRILLIANT, the new DUPLEX SPENCER
and the orange EARL SPENCER. These are all packed
m a pasteboard box together with our Leaflet on culture.
fy This is the greatest offer yet made and could not
be duplicated anywhere else in the world, Twenty-
two Tested Spencers of Finest Floradale Stocks for
a Dollar!

Burpee's "Seeds That Grow"

are supplied each season direct to many more planters
than are the seeds of any other brand. BURPEE'S
SEEDS are known the world over as the best it is pos-
sible to produce, and are acknowledged the American
Standard of Excellence.

THE BURPEE ANNUAL FOR 1913

A bright new book of 180 pages, it pictures by
pen and pencil all that is Best in seeds and tells
the plain truth. While embellished with colored
covers and plates painted from nature it is a S\FE
GUIDE, entirely free from exaggeration. Shall we
send you a copy? If so, write TODAY. A postal
card will do and you will not be annoyed by any
follow-up" letters.

W. ATLEE BURPEE & Co.

Largest Mall-Order Seed House
Burpee Buildings PHILADELPHIA

they are ready to your hand. Then,
taking a plant in the right hand, make a
hole with the left forefinger, into which
lower the roots and about half the stem.
Do not crowd them but press the earth
firmly down and against each plant, using
the thumbs and forefingers so that it may
be made to stand up straight and cannot
readily be pulled out. Fifty to a hundred
plants may be put in an ordinary flat, but
the former number gives more room and
consequently better plants for the garden.

After transplanting, water, if possible,
by sub-irrigation, as before. For the next
few days shade the flats with newspapers
from direct midday sunshine, after which
they should have all the light possible.
Give the same care in the way of water-
ing, ventilation and temperature as they
received before.

To put the plants outdoors provide an
ordinary coldframe, with glass sash. They
may be put into the coldframe directly
after transplanting, but it is better, if pos-
sible, to keep in the house, or in a mild
hotbed, for a few days, to give them a
quick start. The treatment of the plants
in the frame continues about the same as
that already given, except that more water
and more air are needed as they get
stronger, and the days warmer.

The early plants, sown from February
first to March first, will be ready to go
outside about March fifteenth to April
fifteenth. When these are removed to
the garden, it will leave room for the ten-
der vegetables, which are handled in the
same way, except that, for the best re-
sults, they will require two transplantings,
the second, if possible, into pots. They
should also be given a lighter soil (more
rotted manure or leaf mold in it) than that
in which the early plants will thrive. They
should also, of course, be given a higher
temperature fifty-five degrees to sixty
degrees at night, if possible. Do not set
them out in the frames until there is no
danger of their being frosted by a sudden
cold snap.

Hardening off the plants is of the great-
est importance to prevent a setback after
transplanting to the garden. This is ac-
complished by giving more and more ven-
tilation and finally leaving the sash off at
night as well as in the daytime.

All of the early things will stand a light
freeze, if they receive proper treatment
the following morning. This is to keep
them shaded from the sun, and drench
them with ice-cold water, so they will
thaw out gradually.

Poor seed (not absolutely bad seed,
mind) may easily make a difference of
from twenty to eight per cent, in your gar-
den crops. So you can readily see that,
if you have spent time and money on sup-
plying every other factor for a hundred
per cent, garden, poor seed will be a pretty
expensive luxury. The best seed is the
cheapest, no matter what it costs. You
have, for the most part, got to trust to
the personal honesty of your seedsman.
Therefore, use care in selecting him. The
best seed houses test every lot of seeds

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

The Most Complete,

Nursery Stock
in America

World renowned Fruit
Trees, Vines and Plants
and Ornamental Trees,
I Shrubs, Evergreens, Flow-
ers, Rosesand Hardy Plants.
All perfectthroughscientific
propagation and expert cul-
k ture. Superb collections
adapted to large or small gar-
dens, private estates, public
parks and cemeteries.

73 years of leadership, based on
absolute integrity. A world-wide
patronage. Every specimen is true
to species, is well rooted and
sturdily developed, and is packed
and shipped with utmost care. ^

Both large and small orders receive
close attention, and our reputation as-
sures your satisfaction. Goods safely
delivered in all parts of the world.

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurseries

Box B 20, Rochester, N. Y.

AH INVALUABLE FREE BOOK

Write for a copy of
our 73rd Annual
Catalogue. It is a
standard guide in
all matters per-
taining to lawn
and garden dec-
oration, ITIS
FREE. Just
mail us a
postal, and we
will send you
a copy at once.

BOTHERED
WITH SCALE?

r The oneabsolute-
ly sure spray for
San Jfose is',
''Scalecide." Used
in the best orchards
everywhere. En-
dorsed by Experiment Sta-
tions. Will keep your trees
clean and heal thy and make them
yield number one fruit. Better
than lime sulphur. Easy to handle. Will not cloff
or corrode the pump or injure the skin. "Scatecide"
has no substitute. OUR SERVICE DEPART-
MENT furnishes everything for the orchard
Write today to Department l for new book"
"Pratt's Hand Book for Fruit Growers"
t s.nd"Scalecide"the Tree Saver. Both free.

B. G. PRATT CO.. SO Church Street. New York City

FEBRUARY, 1913

I HOUSE AND GARDEN |

133

they have to dispose of. Even so, the
planter may test the seed houses, to try
several before he settles on any one as the
best.

Vitality, strong germinating power, is
a prime requisite in good seed, and the
slight trouble required to test the seeds for
yourself will be well repaid. It is better
to start them in soil, in a moderate tem-
perature, than in wet cotton or a blotter.

Good breeding, however, is just as im-
portant as vitality. We must know not
only that the seeds will grow, but what
they will grow into. A hint to beginners
that I know will prove of practical value,
is to go over several catalogues carefully,
and as far as possible order each of the
sorts you want from the house that intro-
duced it. Then you will be pretty sure to
get both vitality and good breeding in the
things you want. Stick mainly to stand-
ard, well tried out sorts, however. The
much praised novelties often prove very
disappointing, as most seedsmen mention
only their good points, leaving the cus-
tomer to discover the bad ones. A list of
tried and true sorts will be found in this
month's Garden Department.

Old Philadelphia Houses
(Continued from page 115)
all of them of ample proportions. As there
is a gambrel roof the third floor rooms
have more space in them than the usual
third floor rooms under a pitch roof.

Upper cut, second floor; lower, first floor
Plans by Joseph P. Sims

Heavy white oak was used for stairs and
banisters and all the interior woodwork is
remarkably beautiful and wrought in a
simple and vigorous pattern.

HAROLD DONALDSON EBERLEIN

Serviceable Garages of Good Design

(Continued from page 114)
lathe and drill press and to supply current
to the electric rectifier for charging elec-
tric vehicles. Gas has been used where
electricity was not available for lighting

Always on Guard

No matter where a ship may be along
the American coast; no matter how dark,
or cold, or stormy the night, the coast
guard is on watch, patrolling the nearest
beach or rocky cliffs.

This man, always on guard, could, by
his own unsupported efforts, do little to
save life, or to guide ships away from
perilous points.

As a unit in an efficient system and
able, at a moment's notice, to command
the service of his nearby station, he be-
comes a power to whom all ship owners
and passengers are indebted.

In the same way, the Bell Telephone in
your home and office is always on guard.

By itself, it is only an ingenious instru-
ment; but as a vital unit in the Bell System,
which links together seven million other
telephones in all parts of this country, that
single telephone instrument becomes a
power to help you at any moment of any
hour, day or night.

It costs unwearying effort and millions
of dollars to keep the Bell System always
on guard, but this is the only kind of
service that can adequately take care of
the social and commercial needs of all the
people of a Nation.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY

AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

Every Bell Telephone is the Center of the System.

WONDERFUL FALL-BEARING

STRAWBERRIES

Fruit in fall of first year and in spring
and fall of second year. Big money-
maker.

500 plants set in May yielded from
Aug. 23 to Nov. ii nearly 400 quarts
which sold for 250 per qt. The past
season (1912) we had fresh straw-
berries every day from June 1 5 to
Nov. 15! We are headquarters for

STRAWBERRIES AND SMALL FRUIT

PLANTS OF ALL KINDS

Big stock of best hardy varieties at very low prices.
Plum Farmer, Idaho and Royal Purple Raspber-
ries, also Blackberries, Gooseberries, Currants and

Grapes. 30 years'
L. J. FARMER,

experience. Catalogue tree.
Box 392, Pulaski, N. Y.

BEAUTIFUL
ORIENTAL RUGS

are hard to buy at the right prices.
It is my hobby to pick one out of a
thousand rugs through several chan-
nels, and my collection is yours to
select from. My antiques are thick,
lustrous, and far superior to new rugs.
I send them on approval, paying ex-
pense both ways.
,,, Write for free booklet and price list.

ERugs prepaid for approval.
B. LAWTON, MAJOR U. S. A., Retired
CAYUGA STREET, SENECA FALLS, NEW YORK

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

| HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY, 1913

The Beauty of Snow-Laden
Evergreens

Tbese wintry days, when other vegetation has cast
aside It's graceful draperies, the Conifers, In their uni-
forms of beautiful green, stand vigilant, watchful,
guarding for us pleasant memories of summers past,
the pledge of bright days to come again. Evergreens,
beautiful at all times, seem loveliest in the winter sun-
light, covered with a mantle of snow, radiant with
icy crystals.

this mat .

Full Information furnished as to the best plans for
commercial orchards, and the best fruits of all kinds for
tbe home garden. Catalogue or handbook of varieties
and instructions for planting, pruning and after-manage-
ment on request.

Hoopes, Bro., & Thomas Company

DepL H f Wt Chester, Pa.
Phila. Office, Stephen Girard Bldg.

" Col. Wm.^ C. Hunter's Frozen Dog Ranch House.

Foot of Seven Devils Range, between Freeze out

and Squaw Butte, on the Payette River.

Stained with Cabot's Stains.
Col. Wm> C. Hunter, Designer and Owner.

You Can Pick Out

the houses that have been stained with

Cabot's Creosote Stains

The colors are so soft and rich and durable
that all other exterior stains look cheap and
tawdry in comparison. They go farther, last
longer, preserve the wood better, and are in-
finitely more artistic. The genuine creosote
wood preserving stains. Every gallon guaran-
teed. Don't use stains that smell of kerosene,
benzine or other worthless and inflammable
cheapeners.

You can get Cabot's Stains all over the country.
Send for free samples of stained wood.

Samuel Cabot, Inc., Mfg. Chemist, l, 1 ?;"^',.

purposes by putting the gas fixtures back
of a glass pane in a recessed opening in
the wall, vented outside. It is not very sat-
isfactory, however, and must be located
very high.

Ordinarily it is quite safe to enter a
garage smoking a cigar, and a great many
men even smoke while they work on cars.
Very few automobiles have leaky tanks,
but there may always be dangerous con-
ditions resulting from carelessness and apt
to cause fatalities. To guard against
them it is best to make the garage and
everything about it as safe and fool-proof
as possible.

Turntables are used in some cases
jxhere it is necessary to turn a car in a
limiteH space ''or w lie re there" is " rrtr room
outside, but the space under the turntable
must be drained because the oil and gas
accumulating there are dangerous.

A repair pit, over which the car may be
run in order to work under it, is very
practical. It should have an outlet at the
rear so that in case of fire the mechanic
will have a safe means of exit to the out-
side. It is much easier to work under a
car or to inspect it from such a pit than
when lying on your back. I have had
some experience both ways and prefer the
repair pit.

Three ring bolts should be placed in the
ceiling so that if it is necessary to change
bodies or raise the engine these may be
used for fastening the tackle.

( )il should be kept in galvanized iron
drums made for that purpose, as it seeps
through oaken barrels and soils the floor
beneath them. Oil is ruinous to rubber
and catches dirt. Drip pans filled with
sand should be kept under each car.

Swinging, sliding and folding doors
can be used in the garage. The sliding
ones are usually preferred because they
take up less room. Swinging doors, if
they swing in. sometimes interfere with the
cars, and are rather unsightly when open
if they swing outward. Where several
cars are to be kept it is best to use the
sliding door.

The average automobile has a width
over the mud guards in the widest part of
five feet six inches, and with the top down
is sixteen or seventeen feet long. A large
limousine with a double tire case on top
is eight feet six inches high. Therefore
doors should be at least eight feet seven
inches or nine inches high. The height
of the automobile top varies considerably,
and the length of the car is likely to in-
crease somewhat in the future, so that in
designing a garage the changes likely to
occur in the future cars should be consid-
ered. The space a large automobile re-
quires to turn a circle in is from forty to
fifty feet, but the car can be turned in a
very small space by backing.

The care of the automobile is an ex-
ceedingly important matter. The owner
cannot obtain the best results from a car
unless it is properly looked to. The run-
ning gear must be kept free from mud in
order to keep grit out of the bearings.
Varnished surfaces must be kept clean and

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

GARDENING
With Modern Tools

Suburban Gardening with-
out them is not to be

thought of lightly-
You have little time
and less inclination for
gardening under old con-
ditions- but, with mod-
r ern to'ols you can easily
realize your ambition.

1ROMAGE

GARDEN DRILLS
AND WHEEL HOES

Sow accurately in drills or hills, hoe, culti-
vate, weed, ridge, open furrows and cover
them, etc. Parts change quickly. High -
steel wheels, steel frame, necessary .adjust-
ments for close work. 39 combinations, [
L $2.50 to $12.00. Ask the nearest dealer or
\ seedsman to show them, and write us '
^k for new booklet, "Gardening With
^ Modern Tools." Also one on
Sprayers for every purpose. ,

BATEMAN M'F'G. CO.

Box 64-G
GRENLOCH, N. J.

Smoky Fireplaces

Made to Draw

Payment Conditional on Success

FREDERIC N.WHITLEY I jS 1

210 Fulton Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Heating Ventilating Air Filtration

$92.50 -Our Price
for Next 30 Days!

We now offer the Edwards "Steelcote" Garage (1913
Model), direct-from-factory, for $92.50. But to protect
ourselves from advancing prices of steel, we set a time
limit upon the offer. We guarantee this record price for
30 days only. Just now we can save you $35 or more.

Edwards Fireproof GARAGE

Quickly Set Up Any Place

An artistic, fireproof steel structure for private use.
Gives absolute protection from sneak thieves, joy riders,
fire, lightning, accidents, carelessness, etc. Saves $20 to
$30 monthly in garage rent. Saves time, work, worrvand
trouble. Comes ready to set up. All parts cut and fitted.
Simple, complete directions furnished. Absolutely rust-
proof. Joints and seams permanently tight. Practically
indestructible. Locks securely. Ample room for largest
car and all equipment. Made by one of the largest makers
of portable fireproof buildings. Prompt, safe delivery and
satisfaction guaranteed. Postal sent today brings new 56-
page illustrated Garage Book by return mail.

4KTHE EDWARDS MANUFACTURING CO.

700-750 Eggleston Ave.

Cincinnati, Ohio
(90)

FEBRUARY. 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

free from oil and dust by frequent wash-
ings and polishings. An even temperature
of from fifty-five to sixty degrees should
be maintained in garages during the win-
ter, and the water used for washing cars
should be lukewarm. Sudden changes
from a high temperature to a low one
and the sudden application of very cold
water causes the varnish to crack or
check. There is not a great deal of work
to be done on a car if it is done regularly.
If it is not done regularly the car soon
becomes out of order. It is convenient
for either the owner or chauffeur properly
to care for his car in a well-equipped pri-
vate garage. In a public one there is less
opportunity to look after private property
and therefore the work is left to others,
who do it in an indifferent way and usually
charge a high price for storage and serv-
ice.

Quarters for the chauffeur can be pro-
vided for on the second floor of the aver-
age garage, and should consist of a gen-
eral living-room, bathroom and two cham-
bers. In garages where several cars are
kept it is advisable to have a small machine
shop so that the chauffeur, who is usually
a good mechanic, can make the majority
of repairs promptly.

The arrangement of electric lights re-
quires some attention. In a number of
garages I have placed a series of lights
eighteen inches from the floor, so that a
strong light could be cast under the car
and on the running gear. The heating
pipes are usually arranged in a series of
coils around the walls to a height of about
three feet, giving the maximum amount of
radiation.

A machine for welding and vulcanizing
should be provided in the garage, and cup-
boards should be built in for the storage
of tires and various implements and cloth-
ing. There should also be moth-proof
chests for robes.

After the garage has been constructed
on the model lines mentioned above a well-
drained driveway eight feet in width and
built of macadam should lead up to it. The
result of both will be distinctly grateful
to all thoughtful owners of the automo-
bile.

Training the Dog VI.

(Continued from page 86)
from you, and back him into the corner,
at the same time raising his front feet
well off the floor. In a moment you will
see the first advantage of the right angle
formed by the room walls. As you press
your pupil backward he will naturally
attempt to keep on his hind feet, prob-
ably stepping back in the effort to pre-
serve his balance ; but the wall soon ef-
fectually checks further retreat and
makes it possible for you to raise the dog's
body into the desired vertical position by
continuing the backward and upward pres-
sure.
The dog is now standing on his hind

HOW would you like to have a copy of the book which contains the original of this handsome
illustration, greatly enlarged, besides many other views, both interior and exterior, of classy,
modern homes ? This plate is a reproduction of a page in "The Door Beautiful," an artistic book of

GUARANTEED

PERFECT
HARDWOOD

MORGAN

MORGAN SASH & DOOR COMPANY, Dept. B-6, CHICAGO, U. S. A.

MORGAN COMPANY

Oshkosh. Wis.

MORGAN MILLWORK CO.

Baltimore, Mel.

ARCHITECTS: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors
may be found in Sweet's Index, pages 910 and 911.

Morgan Doors are sold by dealers who do not
substitute. Look for
this
rail before you buy.

iMant Green's
Sure-Grow Fruit
and Ornamental Trees

Apple, peach, pear, plum, quince and cherry trees 500,000
for sale at wholesale prices ! Shapely, well branched,
clean, healthy, hardy. Northern grown, and all full bear-
ers. 160,000 of these are fine apple trees. Read Green's
guarantee trees true to name

500,000

FOR SALE

Make excellent shade trees for country estates. Berry
plants, vines, roses and shrubs. All at one-half usual
prices. We have no solicitors, but give our customers
the saving of agents 'commissions. A reliable, well-
known nursery of 34 years' experience.

Green's Trees

This BOOK FREE

This interesting
booklet, free on re-
^r quest. Contains valuable
Cadvlce and experiences with
r fruits and flowers that every
^grower should read. Ask for
"a copy of Green's 1913 Catalog,
' also FKEE.

GREEN'S NT/RSERY CO.,
10 Wall St., Rochester, N. T.

Send lor catalogue P 27 of PrgoU, ran dials and garden
furoitur*. or P 40 of wood column*.

HARTMANN- SANDERS CO.

Excluiive Manufacturers of

ROLL'S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS

Sidtal.lt for PERGOLAS, PORCHES
*t INTERIOR USE

ELSTON and WEBSTERAVES.
CHICAGO, ILL.

F.nsttrn Office: 1123 Broadway
New York City

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

i 3 6

HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY, 1913

Roofed with Fireproof Asbestos "Century" Shingles.
Last forever. Never require paint.

WHEN you want an Asbestos "Cen-
tury" Shingle roof, consult the
most progressive roofer or build-
ing contractor in your section.

We are careful to have Asbestos "Cen-
tury" Shingles represented only by men
whose experience fits them to lay these
Shingles in a professional manner a
permanent fireproof roof.

Write for the names of these roofers
and booklet, "Roofing: A Practical Talk."

KEASBEY & MATTISON CO., Factors
Dept. C., Ambler, Pa.

Branch Offices In Principal
Cities of the United States

Cozy, Attractive Bungalows

You should have my new book "Bungalows." It's
most complete shows floor plans. Interior and Exterior
perspectives from photographs, with prices for the com-
pleted building. I guarantee to construct at prices named.
If book Isn't satisfactory In every way I'll refund your
money promptly, cheerfully. Send $1.00 for copy it's
really worth far more. Order today.

O. S. Lang, Bungalow Specialist, Maple Sprints, N. Y. I

Tree Guards

PROTECT young trees
- 1 by the use of Ex-
c e 1 s i o r "Rust-Proof"
Guards. These Guards
are made of heavy ma-
terial with rigid uprights
and flexible horizontal
wires. After making, they
are dipped into melted
zinc, and completely
coated with this rust-
proof material.

In buying ornamental
wire Fences Trellises.
Flower Bed Guards, and
Tree Guards, always ask
for Excelsior ''Rust-
Proof" brand. It will
last longer than any
other make on the mar-
ket, and never has to be
painted. Hardware deal-
ers sell it.

Write to us for illus-
trated Catalog "C"
and sample showing
"Rust-Proof" finish

Wright Wire Company
Worcester, Mass.

legs literally "with his back to the wall,"
probably trying to step still further^ away
from you, but making no headway in the
attempt. Hold him thus a moment, and if
he does not settle down into a crouching
posture with his hind legs under him in a
natural position, shift both his front legs
to one hand and with the other draw the
recalcitrant hind feet into the required po-
sition. It is essential that you insist on
this matter of the proper placing of the
legs; little or no success will be attained in
teaching a dog to sit up unless he feels
that his hind feet are in such a position
that they will support his body in a state
of balance. While placing the feet as de-
scribed, exert a gradual downward pres-
sure with the upper hand you will see at
once how to bring about the desired re-
sult and having thus brought the dog
into a more or less close approximation of
the correct "sit up" position, keep repeat-
ing the appropriate order while you hold
him there.

Perhaps at about this stage of the pro-
ceedings your pupil will be seized with a
sudden weakness of the spine, and "cave
in" most dejectedly. In this event the sec-
ond advantage of the corner position be-
comes apparent: it is manifestly impossi-
ble for the dog to "cave" in more than
one direction (forward), and this tendency
you can readily check.

The proper position for the front feet
of a dog that is "begging" is forward and
up at an angle of perhaps forty-five de-
grees. As soon as the pupil reaches that
stage of the trick in which he readily
"squats" straight-backed in the corner,
with hind legs solidly under him, gradually
release your hold on his fore shoulders and
raise his front paws to the position men-
tioned, keeping one hand under them to be
sure they are not lowered.

When your judgment tells you that the
dog has a pretty clear idea of what "sit
up" means, try and induce him to do it
without your helping him up. Do this in
the corner, for he has learned the sup-
porting value of the two walls and they
give him confidence. Very often you will
find it helpful at this point to motion him
up with the hand, holding it above him and
snapping your fingers to attract his atten-
tion upward while you give the command.
It is well, too, to stand up yourself now,
of course bending over enough so as to be
close to the dog and yet above him.

It is impossible to set any fixed period
at the end of which you can dispense with
the corner of the room and perfect the
trick without the aid of artificial support.
Some dogs will catch the idea of the les-
son in two or three trials, while others
may need a week. The only sure guide in
the matter is to study the particular case
in hand and follow your own judgment.
When the step is finally taken, do not ex-
pect too much of the dog at first. Steady
him with both hands when he has his first
experience in sitting up without the wall
support, for in nine cases out of ten he
will have difficulty in keeping his balance
unaided.

GARDEN FURNITURE

Benches, Chairs, Tables,
Arbors, Treillage, Per-
golas, in painted and
rustic

Send for catalog of many designs

North Shore Ferneries Co.

BEVERLY, MASS.

FOR COUNTRY HOMES

A number of books in
this practical series are now
ready. Among them are :

APPLE GROWING
M. C. Burritt. Includes
kinds to raise. Location
of orchard, care of trees.
Harvesting, marketing.

THE AUTOMOBILE, Its

Selection, Care and Use
Robert Sloss. Plain
and practical advice.

THE HORSE, Its Breed-
ing, Care and Use David
Buffum. Thoroughly practical. Specially
designed for owner of one or two horses.

PROFITABLE BREEDS OF POULTRY
A. S. Wheeler. Rhode Island Reds, Ply-
mouth Rocks, Wyandottes, Mediterraneans,
Orpingtons, etc.

Purchase from bookstores or direct at 70
cents a copy. Postage extra, 5 cents. Send
for free Outing Handbook Catalogue.

OUTING PUBLISHING COMPANY

OUTING MAGAZINE yocming OUTING HANDBOOKS

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

FEBRUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

137

Do not prolong these lessons unduly. Re-
member that sitting up is an unnatural
posture for any dog, and is tiring espe-
cially to a half-grown puppy. Let your
pupil rest frequently, and the mutual re-
sults will be better.

And now just a few words in regard to
rewards for proficiency in performing
tricks. About 499 people out of 500 seem
to think that a lump of sugar or some such
stuff is absolutely necessary to induce
Terry or Waldemar to go through his
paces. It's not. A trick, no matter how
absurd it may be, should be considered by
the dog as just as much a matter of
obedience pure and simple as anything else
you tell him to do. In some cases (I hes-
itate to say this for fear the excuse may
be too often used) a tidbit may be offered
to cure a bad case of the sulks, but for a
general working rule limit your reward to
a pat and a few words of praise. Thus
will your dog be dependable when required
to "show off" and you will not have to
keep on hand a box of fancy crackers or
a pound of chocolate creams for his espe-
cial benefit. R. S. L.

Our Winter in the Happy Valley

(Continued from page 94)
between the sleigh and the horse."

"Is that what you would have done?"

This was from the head of the table.

"I'm through, lets get busy !" exclaimed
the irrepressible Madge. "What can we
do to-day?"

"Can't you think of anything?"

"Think of too much. I want to snow-
shoe, to ski is there any such word?
to coast, climb the mountain, visit Butter-
milk Falls, go through the gorge where I
hear the water roaring this minute

"Better begin with the gorge. It is the
nearest, and the shortest trip you can
make."

"But it is more than half a mile
through."

"But you can't go through. Giants
forty feet tall guard that gorge. Harry
can creep a few feet under the rocks with
his camera and get a view of the mouth
of the cavern from within."

"That will only take half an hour. We
will go to Buttermilk Falls afterward."

But no one ever broke the spell of that
gorge in winter in less than half a day
and dinner was ready for the young folks
when they returned to the cabin. Madge
spent the short afternoon on snow-shoes,
while Harry and Jack took turns in being
bucked off the skis as they dragged a
flexible flyer to which Marian clung, down
a steep hill through the drifted snow. It
was after supper when Marian, who was
sitting beside me, demurely asked :

"What is it to be keelhauled, Uncle
Archie?"

"It is having a line that passes beneath
the keel tied to you and being hauled by

THis GREENHOUSE

r-AND 5O OTHERS

ARE FULLY DESCRIBED
IN OUR CATALOG 7

F T'S the catalog you want if you want to know
* the really important things to know before putting
your money in a greenhouse.

Any greenhouse you buy will unquestionably give you "
a deal of pleasure, but some will most certainly give you more
than others, simply because they are planned better, built better
and equipped better.

Naturally we feel our houses to be better than others. This catalog,
"Hitchings' Greenhouses," both shows why and tells why.

Send for it, and look thoroughly into both whys then make your decision.

Write to or call at our Sales Office,

1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY

GENERAL OFFICE AND FACTORY: ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY

HOTEL QIAMBERLIN

I At Old Point Comfort, Virginia

Spend Your Holidays Here

No other place offers such unusual attractions or
affords such perfect facilities for rest and recreation.

First take the Hotel itself. Its location is uniq
at Hampton Roads and Fortress Monroe, in the centre
of military and naval activities. A glance at the illustra-
tion above shows The Chamberlin right at the
water's edge, commanding an unrivalled marine view.
Luxurious lounging rooms, sun parlors, etc., make for
rest and comfort. The sea air is invigorating.

Indoor sea bathing in a magnificent pool, which

rivals in splendor of appointment the baths of Ancient

Rome, is one of the most enjoyable and beneficial

features of The Chamberlin. So airy and light is this

sea pool, that bathing in it is next to bathing outdoors.
There is a constantly changing supply of pure, fresh,
filtered sea water of an agreeable temperature.

There are medical and tonic baths, also of every kind and
description in charge of an expert.

By day, there are military and naval manoeuvres, trips through
surrounding historic country. 8' If, tennis, boating, etc. In the
evenings, there is dancing for those who wish it.

The cuisine is perfect real Southern cooking fresh oysters
and sea fo d from nearby waters fresh vegetables from our own
gardens. Many count the cuisine of The Chamberlin as its first
attraction the one that lingers longest and fondest in memory.

further information and mitre-ting illustrated booklets, apply at all Tourist Bureaus

or Transportation Offices, or address me personally.
GEORGE F ADAMS, M.nager, Fortre*. Monroe, Va. New York Office, 1122 Broadway 1

S'!^^

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

I 138

I HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY, 1913

Hodgson Portable Poultry Houses

WIGWARM Setting and Brood Coop

For a hen and her chicks and while she is sitting. Gives

protection from rats,
skunks, hawks, and
other enemies. In-
sures larger hatches
has proved its suc-
cess for 22 years.
Shipped knocked
down size, 2x4 ft,
2 ft. high.

$ 3 00

WIG WARM Brooder

Hot-water and hot-air heating combined gives
perfect ventilation no danger of overheating-
maintains even tem-
perature regardless of
cold outside. Used and
endorsed by poultry
experts and by experi-
ment stations and
such men as Dr. A.
A. Brigham, Dr. N. W,
Sanborn, Dr. P. T.
Woods and Mr. A. F.
Hunter. Size, 3x5 feet.

$1500

No. Colony Laying House

Inf 19 hone Fitted complete with nests, fountain
1U1 la IIC1IS an( j f eec j trough. Sanitary easily
cleaned. One man can easily care for several hundred
birds. Nicely painted set up in fifteen minutes. A
comfortable year-round house. In
stormy weather the run may be
covered, giving a protected
scratching room. Size, 10x4 ft., 5 ft.
high.

$2022

Five-Section Poultry House
10x50 it.

Sanitary, durable, up-to-date made of red cedar, clap-
boarded outside, interior sheathed. Made in 10-ft sec-
tions, each fitted with roosts, nests and fountain. Open
fronts, with canvas-covered frames. You can add sec-
tions at any time. Easily erected. First section, $75.00;
additional sections, $60.00 each.

E. F. HODGSON CO., Room 326, 116 Washington St., Boston Mass.

CRESCA DELICACIES

To every hostess and every home-maker, we place at your dis-
posal the distinctive foods the rich savorsome dainties gathered at
their best from al 1 quarters of the globe, that prevent the dull monotony
which threatens every home table.

Our color booklet "Cresca" completely describes and illustrates
these choice products from manylands together with many unusual
menus and recipes sent on receipt of 2c. stamp.
CRESCACOMPANY.Importers,354 Greenwich St.,N.Y.

IRON AND WIRE FENCES

Fence* of all description! for City and Suburban
Home* Write today for our Loose Leaf Catalog,
stating briefly your requirements.

AMERICAN FENCE CONSTRUCTION Co.

100 Church St., New York

Formerly Fence Dept. American Wire Form Co.

"MOST ARTISTIC PLACE IN NEW YORK.'

1912,

Catalogue for
1598 and 1599

\^~ should be in the hands of every garden lover who is
_ interested in well-grown nursery stock. Contains a fund
oi information on the

unusual plants that will
give your garden individuality

Take magnolias, for instance. Few nurseries offer the won-
lertul new Magnolia Soulangiana nigra the wide-opening petals of
which are a rare, pleasing garnet matched by no other magnolia,
hi M can r you g et . such large specimen plants of the unusual
KiT Magrioha conspicua plants 12 to 14 ft. high at $10.00 each,
nowhere else can you find such bush magnolias for your shrubbery
gkuaO r specimens of the fragrant Sweet Bay (Magnolia

l a r^r r fi U n g P h M ^ 6 b k ' ba r ck to the rear cover description of the

nefn^c" Meehan-grown Japanese Maples, you will find numerous

lexpensive suggestions for beautifying your home grounds.

// you have a new property, less

than an acre, write at once for our

Special "New Property" Proposition
THOMAS MEEHAN AND SONS GERMA N -y N PHILA<

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

it through the water from one side of the
ship to the other."

'That's what I thought, and that's what
has been happening to me. I've been
dragged like lightning through drifts a
mile long where I couldn't breathe for an
hour."

"Why didn't you tell the boys to stop?"

"I didn't want them to. I want some-
thing to tell the girls at school that will
make them die of envy."

"We are going to Buttermilk Falls in
the morning," said Madge to her hostess
as she stood sleepily before her, holding a
candle at an angle of forty-five degrees.
"What time must we get up?"

"You ought to start two hours before
sunrise."

"Wow, but that will be cold and dark!"

"It will be eight by the clock, but down
in the Happy Valley in midwinter the Sun-
day is between ten and two."

"I was afraid you didn't have any Sun-
day here," interposed Marian.

"Just you wait till it comes," said I,
"and watsh your Aunt Lucy waltb you off
six miles to a Sunday School that she runs
for just such little heathen as you."

It was a gay party that started from the
cabin before the clock struck eight in the
morning and it was a tired party that five
hours later, having wallowed five miles in
the snow, begged to have its dinner served
raw rather than have it delayed.

"Did you see any game?" I asked.

"Millions of them," exclaimed Marian.
"There was a bunch of wild hens, I guess
they were, that made an awful noise when
they flew and Jack held a stick in both
hands and pointed it at them and said
'Click!' What do boys do that for? I've
seen them do it to a cat. Then there were
tracks of everything in the snow. There
were the cunningest little mouse's tracks
close to a tree and a big bear's track go-
ing right up the mountain. Jack said it
was the track of a rabbit, or a fox, or
some kind of a cat he didn't mention the
name. I think it was a bear, don't you?"

"Were the tracks near the big, flat rock
this side of the falls?"

"Pretty near."

"Then I know all about it. Do you re-
member what happened to the children
who mocked Elisha?"

"Forty-two bears tare them. Maybe it
was forty-two children that the bears
tared."

"Well, whichever it was, the descendants
of those bears have settled near that big
rock and they may have overheard some
of your disrespectful remarks to me."

"We did see bear caves on the side of
the mountains," said Madge, "and all kinds
of gruesome monsters among the rocks,
for the snow on the mountainside was
full of deep shadows that formed strange
profiles and made masks like distorted
faces. I had to recite something about
winter once, and I remember that:

'Nature was frozen dead and still and

slow,

A winding sheet fell o'er her body fair,'
but there isn't any winding sheet about

FEBRUARY,

1913

HOUSE

AND

GARDEN

139 - t

this. There was life and sound and mo-
tion every minute. There was the roar
of a small avalanche, the cracking of a
great tree from the frost that's what
Harry said it : was a bunch of the dearest
and noisiest little birds, and the way the i
sparkling water poured out of the dark
cavern and tumbled over Buttermilk Falls
' was worth the whole price of admission.
.Harry is ; sure he got a beautiful picture of
' it."

"He said 'a bully, picture' " explained
'the matter-of-fact Marian.

".I. am. going to get a better one to-
. : night. I am going to take those falls by
the light of the moon at midnight," said ,
Harry.

, , , "You are laying out a pretty lonesome .
' walk for yourself," I remarked.

"Who says it will be lonesome with me
with him?" interjected .Marian.

"Will anyone else 'help make the walk
pleasant for Mr. Fprsyth?" I inquired.

"Oh, Jack and Madge will tag along,
but that won't make it any pleasanter for
him."

The plan was carried out, though it

took diplomacy to prevent the lady of the
house from ''putting the kibosh" as Marian

expressed it, on the whole escapade. After
, Buttermilk Falls other moonlight views
' were taken, and during a ten minute ex-

posure on one ravine Jack walked up the
: gorge swinging- -his lantern, which sup-
; plied- one of the curiosities of the outing,
I for while the moving youth left no im-

j pression on the' sensitive "plate, the flame ;
t of the swinging lantern left a sinuous,

fiery trail.

Ten days passed quickly to the jolly
four. They tramped over all the half-
broken roads, waded through the un-
touched snow of the deeper forests, ex-
. plored the caves among the piled up rocks
and followed the courses of mountain
brooks through many a deep ravine. They
fraternized with the children of the distant
district school and accepted invitations to
ride home with the merry youngsters on
Iheir ox-drawn sled. Once they chartered
a boy with his slow-going team to take
them on a straw ride over the hills, and
were happier in their primitive outing than
they had been on many an automobile trip.
Marian became an adept on snowshoes
while Madge developed skill on skis. Jack
became infatuated with the study of the
creatures of the wild and pored over my
books on the subject by night and followed
the trail of strange beasts by day. One
sees what he looks for in the mountains
and the boy's list of the wild animals he
met was the amazement of even country-
bred youths. He even impressed our wise
cat, Bunny, who opened latched doors
like a human being, for one morning she
laid at his feet a flying squirrel, reasoning
doubtless that even so sharp-sighted a
youth might have overlooked this creature
of the night. Jack's crowning adventure
came when the broa.d trail of a bear, pass-
ing within a stone's throw of the cabin,
was discovered one morning. The boy
joined a hunter, who with rifle and dog

LOOK FOR THE NAME

LOCKS AND HARDWARE

The Yale & Towrie Mfg. Co., 9 Murray Street, New .York

T_ __ .$ PREVENTS DUST PRESERVES ROADS
L eLlVlCl Booklets on

BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY

New Yor*. Chicago, Philadelphia Boston. St. Louis. Cleveland.
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Kanau Oily, Minneapolis, New Orleans.
Seattle. London. Bng.

And finest new dahlifli, described in Free Catalog.

OT. VAN WAVEEEN & KRUUrT
American Rraarh Holm*. 143 V Iftth St.. Philadelphia

PRIZE MEDAL WATER-LILIES

TRICKER'S WATER LILIES were awarded the Colum-
bian Medal at the World's Fair, Chicago, 1893. Four silver
medals, a silver cup and numerous certificates and cash prizes
have recently been awarded me for water lilies.

If you contemplate making or planting a water garden or
HI}' pond consult me. I have written the book, "The Water
Garden," and have had many years' experience in this line.

Address
ARLINGTON

WILLIAM THICKER

NEW JERSEY

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

140

HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY, 1913

For Sweet Pea Lovers
and Others

WOULDN'T you like to have, at
only the cost of a postal, a Gar-
den Guide that really is a guide?
One that contains the advice of an ex-
pert Sweet Pea grower, for instance,
with 14 pages for Sweet Peas alone?
One that gives you a hundred-and-one
gardening helps, besides making numer-
ous suggestions for securing unusual
results in your garden.
Just such a catalog is this year's Garden
Guide of Boddington's. It's a combi-
nation dictionary of gardening for
seeds, bulbs, plants, and roses.
\ postal brings it.

Arthur T. Boddington

West 14th Street

New York City

MURRAY

AJSD I

LANMANS

Florida.

Wetter

holds a privileged place
uponevery woman's dress-
ing table. Its use is a
constant and enduring de-
light. Refreshing beyond
compare when used in the
bath, it should never be
lacking in the home.

Leading Druggists sell it.
Accept no Substitute!

Sample sent on receipt
of six cents in stamps

Lanman & Kemp
1 35 Water St . , New York

was following the beast, and it was after
dark when we saw him again. But for
the anxiety it would have caused us he
would have camped in the woods with the
hunter to have resumed the trail the next
day.

Harry wandered with his camera in a
country that Jack had found filled with
living creatures, seeing none of them ; but
every distant mountain top or nearby
rocky cliff, every tall, snow-burdened hem-
lock and low-growing mass of laurel drew
his eyes like magnets. With the mercury
at zero he made Jack stand for the human
interest while he pictured dark shadows
that lay across the path. He followed the
snake-like course of the stream, sluggish-
ly cutting its way through the drifts in
the valley, and he pictured Bear Hole
Brook bursting the bonds that the winter
king had forged.

One day, there fell upon the cabin a
shadow in the shape of a letter that Madge
handed to the lady of the house with tears
in her eyes. The letter began:

"We are happy to hear of the 'lovely
time' you have had, but your school vaca-
tion is near its end and you must not fail
to be home on time. Tell " but the rest
was too intimate to record here.

It was later in the winter as we sat by
the blazing logs, opening our mail in the
peace of our cabin home, when the lady
handed me a letter, saying:

"How shall I answer that?"

I read, "What keeps you from dying of
loneliness, shut in by the deadly dullness
of your frozen country?"

"Tell her, if you like," said I, "that the
days need to be forty-eight hours long
properly to hold our happiness."

There came a glance from smiling eyes
and the lady nodded as she studied the
faces in the glowing coals.

The Collector's Corner
Medallion China

HPHE rarest, most expensive and highest
A ^ class specimens of what collectors
call "Old Blue" are those pieces which
are decorated with medallions. They
seldom come to auction sales, for they are
eagerly bought by collectors and dealers
at private sale. A ten-inch plate at the
Burritt sale in 1903 with the four portraits
on it brought $130, and they have doubled
in value since then.

The choicest are those with four
portraits like the platter which has a cen-
tral view of Windsor Castle, Rochester
Aqueduct at the base, and Jefferson,
Washington. Lafayette, and Clinton at
the top, making one of the oddest jumbles
possible. Like all this blue crockery which
has an acorn border and which was made
by Ralph Stevenson, or Ralph Stevenson
and Williams, the print is clear and the

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GAIDEN.

YOU, reader,
can grow
ch r ysanthe-
mums as large
and fancy as shown
here, if you start
right. BUY the
young plants now,
grow on in pots or
boxes of soil until
MAY, then plant out
in garden, and follow
our CULTURAL DI-
RECTIONS. WE will
send you postpaid by
parcels post 20 choice
assorted colors, strong
plants, for $1.00. OR
you can make up the
20 plants, in part, of
carnation pinks, all colors, geraniums, heli-
otropes, icepinks, double nasturtiums,
marguerites, salvias, coleus, or any bedding
plant you desire. CULTURAL directions
free with all orders.

ADDRESS at once THE HARLOWARDEN
GREENHOUSES, Box 148, Greenport, N. Y.

Haven't You
Ever Wished

that you could save your back
copies of HOUSE & GAR-
DEN ? Of course you have.
You like to read the maga-
zine each month and would
be glad to save every issue
if you could only find some
way to take care of them.
Well, here is what you want
a

Big Ben Binder

to hold your loose copies and
put them into volume form.
Big Ben is a strong and hand-
some cover, bound in deep,
rich brown and stamped in
gold, and will accommodate
six copies of House 6- Gar-
den. It is simple, strong and
practical just the binder you
have been wishing for.

We are prepared to send
you a Big Ben for HOUSE
<& GARDEN at once, prepaid
for $1.25.

McBRIDE, NAST <fe CO.

Union Square :: :: New York

FEBRUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

141

color fine. The English view was used
because it fitted the space. The bulk of
this blue ware was made between 1820-40,
and that marked R. S. W. was prior to
1834, when the mark was Ralph Steven-
son and Sons. Only three of these plat-
ters have come within my knowledge, and
I should hesitate to place a value on them,
since the phenomenal prices brought at
the Deforest sale in 1912 exceeded all
previous records.

This pattern is among the choicest examples of
"Old Blue"

On the plate shown with the four medal-
lions the arrangement of heads is different,
Jefferson comes first, then "Welcome La-
fayette, the Nation's Guest," followed by
"President Washington," and "Governor
Clinton." The view in the center is
"Niagara," at least it is so denominated
on the back, where in addition to the im-
pressed name, Stevenson, is an urn with
the name Niagara on it in blue. While
this view is found on both nine and ten
inch plates without the medallions, when
the medallions are present the plates are
ten inch. The position of the medallions
varies on different specimens, some almost
entirely obscuring tlie house and falls.

The position of the medallions varies on dif-
ferent specimens

The view at the base is the "Entrance of
the Erie Canal into the Hudson at
Albany," not nearly so often used as the
Rochester view. The value of this plate
is limited only by the eagerness of the

iff

JttHtoNTEED

PLUMBING

FIXTURES

To make the bathroom beautiful and sanitary
with Standard" ware, brings the joy of cleanly
living to the whole household and teaches the
gospel of the daily bath to young and old alike.

Genuine "Standard" fixtures for the Home
and (or Schools, Office Buildings, Public
Institutions, etc., are identified by the
Green and Gold Label, with the exception
of one brand of baths bearing the Red and
Black Label, which, while of the first
quality of manufacture, have a slightly
thinner enameling, and thus meet the re-

quirements of those who demand "Standard"
quality at less expense. All 'Standard"
fixtures, with care, will last a lifetime.
And no fixture is genuine unless it bears
the guarantee label. In order to avoid
substitution of inferior fixtures, specify
'Standard" goods in writing (not verbally)
and make sure that you get them.

Standard cSamtarslflfo. Co. De P t. 4 o. PITTSBURGH, PA.

Cincinnati, 633 Walnut Street
Nashville, 315 Tenth Avenue, So.
NewOrleans.Baronne&St.JoeephSta
Montreal Can.. 215 Ooristine Bldg.

New York, 35 West 31st Street

Chicago, 909 S. Michigan Ave.

Philadelphia. 1128 Walnut Street

Toronto Can., 59 Richmond St. B Boston. " John ' Hancock Bldg.

Pittsburgh, 106 Federal Street Louisville, 319-23 W. Main Street

St. Louis. 100 N. Fourth Street Cleveland, 648 Huron Road. S. E.

Hamilton, Can., 29-28 Jackson St. W.
London, 57-60 Holbom Viaduct, E. O.
Houston, Tei.. Preston ft Smith Sts.
Washington, D. O., Southern Bldg.
Toledo. Ohio, 311-321 Erie Street
Ft. Worth, Tei., Front & Jones SU.

INTERNATIONAL SILVER

Sum-x-sor to Merit
CHICAGO

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

142

HOUSE

AND

GARDEN

FEBRUARY, 1913

; Poppies
Asters

Zinnias

HAVE YOU GROWN POP-
PIES? If not you certainly have
a treat in store. If you have, you
will be pleased with the excellent
assortment we now offer.

EVERYONE GROWS "AS-
TERS." They are best when
planted in boxes in a sunny win-
dow to start them.

A WELL-KNOWN fav-
orite, suitable for every
garden, blooming profusely
from July to frost.

Special 50 -Cent Offer

In order to get you acquainted with our high-
quality seed, we offer the following:

4 packets Shirley Poppies
4 beautiful shades Carmine,
Rose, Salmon and White. Cat-
alogue value 40c.

6 packets Asters our famous
branching White, Shell- Fink,
Lavender, Crimson, Purple and
Carmine. Catalogue value, OOc.

4 packets Zinnias Giant Double -flowering Crim-
son, Rose, Yellow and White. Catalogue value, $1.00.

The above, making 14 packets in all, will be tent core- */!
fully packed, with our 1913 Catalogue, prepaid, for O I/

50 Barclay Street
NEW YORK CITY

You and Your Children
Should Have a Garden .

Dr. Wiley, pure food expert, says:
"No man, and especially n& woman of
child, should live In a place where It is
impossible to possess a garden one of
the inalienable rights of every human
being." A berry garden is the finest garden
^ou can plant because it gives renewed vigor to
you, rosy cheeks to the children, and healthful
food for all the family.

-THE 1913 BERRYDALE BEBRY BOOR will
be yonr insprration and your guide in planting one. Noth-
ing else like it printed. It describes the splendid new
hardy Blackberry Macatawa, with the largest berries
known, Giant Himalaya Berry and many others. Send today
for free copy.

BERRTDALE EXPERIMENT GARDENS, Home Arena*. Holland. Mlrb.

Sketch of the Fireplace de-
signed and erected by us in
the studio of J. C. Ley en-
decker, Esq., New York.

We have a splendid
collection of Fireplaces,
modeled in Pompeian
Stone. Original designs
promptly and carefully
followed.

Our large illustrated Catalogue
F, full of home and garden orna-
ment suggestions, sent free.

The ERKINS STUDIOS

<The Largest Manufacturers

of Ornamental Stone

226 Lexington Are., New York

Factory: Astoria, L. I.

A Flower of Great Beauty

The -New Hybrid African Daisy, with its petals of many delicate nues,
and its centre of deep black, will make a wondrous appeal to thesr who
take pride in their gardens. A special trial package of seeds' will be
mailed you upon receipt of 10 cents in coin or stamps.

's synonymous everywhere with " TAe Most Reliable Seeds," and
their use this Spring will assure you success with your garden.

" Our 1913 beautifully illustrated, 160 page catalog
112th successive Annual Spring Edition is ready. It
contains a wide collection of seeds, bulbs, garden tools,
etc., -as well as many helpful suggestions. as to cultivation.
Write for your copy no-.o and don't forget to enclose
10 cents for the package of Hybrid African Daisy.

J. M. THORBURN & CO.

/// years in business in New York City

33 E.Barclay Street - New York

collector to possess it, and the length of
his purse.

To many collectors the little six-inch
plate showing St. Paul's Chapel, New
York, with the Clinton medallion, and
Rochester Aqueduct at base is one of the
most interesting of all the medallion
pieces. This also has the acorn border!
which is so attractive, and which is found
on a series of beautiful English views as
well as these American ones.

In this view St. Paul's looks very dif-
ferent from what it does to-day, sur-
rounded by skyscrapers, for when it was
built it was quite out of town, and placed
with its back to Broadway, in anticipation
of the town growing between it and the
river, according to some authorities, or be-
cause the chancel was to be placed on its
eastern side according to the ritual. This
chapel is one of the few pre-Revolutionary
relics left in New York.

One of the most interesting of all the medallion
pieces

At the time of ifs manufacture this
medallion crockery for it is not china
composed dinner sets, for three sizes of
plates, and platters and pitchers are known
to bear the medallions. So far the forger
has left it alone. It is an odd fact that
very few pieces of this old blue ware of
any description are known in England,
and the details about many of the potters
are meager and vague.

N. HUDSON MOORE

The Dying Hickory Tree

HIN the past ten years a large
percentage of the hickory trees
have died in various sections throughout
the northern tier of States from Wisconsin
to Vermont and southward through the
Atlantic States to central Georgia and to.
a greater 'or less extent within the entire
range of natural growth of the various
species.. While there are several and
sometimes complicated causes of the death
of the trees, investigations by experts of
the Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Depart-

ln writing to ad-.-ertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

FEBRUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

143

ment of Agriculture, have revealed the
fact that the hickory bark beetle is by far
the most destructive insect enemy and is
therefore, in the majority of cases, the
primary cause of the dying of the trees.

The first evidence of the presence and
work of the beetle is the premature dying
or falling of a few of the leaves in July
and August, caused by the adult or parent
beetles feeding on the bark at the base of
the leaf stem, but this work alone does not
kill the trees.

The next evidence of its destructive
work is the dying of part of a tree or all
of one or more trees. If the trees are
dying from the attack of the beetle, an
examination of the inner bark and sur-
face of the wood on the main trunks will
reveal curious centipede-like burrows in
the bark and grooved on the wood itself.
These are galleries and burrows of the
parent beetles and of their broods of
young grubs or larvae. The girdling ef-
fect of these galleries is the real cause of
the death of the trees.

The broods of the beetle pass the winter
in the bark of the trees that die during
the preceding summer and fall. During
the warm days of March and April these
overwintered broods complete their devel-
opment to the adult winged forms, which
during May and June emerge through
small round holes in the bark and fly to
the living trees. They then attack the
twigs to feed on the base of the leaves
and tender bark and concentrate in the
bark of the trunks and large branches of
some of the living healthy trees, boring
through the bark to excavate their short
vertical egg galleries. The eggs are
deposited along the sides of these galleries
and the larvae hatching from them ex-
cavate the radiating food burrows which
serve to girdle the tree or branch.

The following recommendations for the
successful control of this beetle are based
on investigations, experiments and demon-
strations conducted by the experts on
forest insects of the Bureau of Entomolo-
gy during the past ten years.

1. The best time to conduct the control
work is between October ist and May ist,
but must be completed before the. ist to
middle of May in order to destroy the
broods of the beetle before they begin to
emerge.

2. The hickory trees within an area of
several square miles that died during the
summer and fall and those of which part
or all of the tops or large branches died
should be located and marked with white
paint or otherwise.

3. Fell the marked dead trees and cut
out all dead branches or the tops of the
remaining market trees which still have
sufficient life to make a new growth of
branches.

4. Dispose of all infested trunks and
branches in such a manner as to kill the
wintering broods of the beetles that are in
the bark; (a) by utilizing the wood for
commercial products and burning the ref-
use; or (b) by utilizing the wood of the
trunks and branches for fuel ; or (c) by

Since 1847

The firm of Peter Henderson & Co. was founded in 1847, and the 66
years of successful seed-raising and selling that is behind every package of
Henderson's seeds must and does make them the best that it is possible to
buy. In your grandfather's day, Henderson's was the standard by which
other seeds were judged, and the same condition exists in 1913. Our
methods of seed-testing which were the best three generations ago have been
improved upon from year to year and are today still the best.

The unknown quantity in your garden is the quality of the seeds you
plant, and you cannot be too careful in seeing that you obtain the best pro-
curable. The most critical of all planters in the choice of their seeds are the
market-gardeners or truck- farmers. Perhaps the best endorsement of the
quality of Henderson's seeds is the fact that Peter Henderson & Co. supply
a larger number of professional growers than any two seed-houses in the
world. The very existence of these men depends upon
their receiving the best quality of seeds. That Peter Hen-
derson & Co. are easily preeminent in the professional grow-
ing field is the best endorsement of Henderson's seeds that
can be given.

Henderson's seeds are tested seeds.

Special Offer

Our 1913 catalogue, " Everything for the Garden," a book of 209
pages, over 800 illustrations, color plates, etc., will be mailed on
receipt of 10 cents. In addition, we will send without extra charge.
our new book, " Garden Guide and Record," and our collection of
6 Henderson Specialties, in a coupon envelope which will be accepted
as 25 cents cash payment on any order of one dollar or over.

PETER HENDERSON & CO.

35-37 CORTLANDT STREET NEW YORK

The Best Time
9b Buy Skade Trees

SOME think the best time is in the summer, when they can come
to our Nursery and see the trees in full foliage. Others feel that
right now, when the leaves are all off, is best, because the general
formation of the tree and distribution of the branches can bo
plainly seen.

On the strength of this last sound-sense reason, we strongly urge
you to come and pick out as soon as possible Hicks' Sturdy Maples,
Lindens, Elms or Oaks, 10 to 30 feet high. Why not buy Hicks big
trees like the ones shown, and have the use of them at once ana
overcome waiting fifteen years for saplings to grow up?

We claim that no other Nursery has as fine an assortment in ALL
SIZES of Trees, from 6 inches up to 30 feet high.

Order now for early delivery. Don't wait until Spring to do it.
Send for catalog.

Hicks and Son, Westbury, Long Island

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN. i

| HOUSE AND GARDEN |

FEBRUARY, 1913

Coldwell Demountable Gutters

The Newest Feature in Horse and Putting Green Mowers

Two or more cutters go with each machine. Change
them like the blades of a safety razor. One cutter can be
taken out and another put in in less than a minute.

Think how handy whenever blades need sharpening or
other repairs. No waste of time and money sending the
whole mower to the shop.

Write at once for full description and prices, and we will
give you the address of the nearest dealer who can show you
the Coldwell line of Motor, Horse and Hand Lawn Mowers.

GOLDWELL LAWN MOWER GO.

NEWBURGH, NEW YORK

Philadelphia

Note the large carrying wheels of
the hand mower, for taking it from
place to place. It cuts fine and
close, and is the lightest draft lawn
mower ever made.

Chicago

Lawn Mowers

OUR IDEAL

SPRING GARDEN BOOK

112 PAGES =

* NEW and ORIGINAL in make up and matter
|^H and one packet each

FIVE SEED NOVELTIES

New Japan Radish "NERIMA," melts in the mouth.
New Runner Bean "Masterpiece," immensely productive.
New Lettuce"CountZeppelin"withtands heat and drought.
New Snapdragon "Apple Blossom," a white and pink

butterfly.
GIANT Oriental Poppies in new and rare shades rose,

lilac, mauve. Catalogue price, 50 cents.
A Dime brings them to you with the Garden Book.
Results SURE to please you. Address

H. H. BERGER & CO. Novelty Pe P t. No. 27
70 Warren Street, New York

The Wren House

Do You Love Birds?

Place Bird Houses about your
grounds and have song birds
for your neighbors every year.
I have studied birds for years
and have learned to make just
the kind of homes that attract
them.

Bluebird House (4 compartments) $5.00

Wren House (4 compartments) $5.00

Martin House a three-story
and attic home of 26 rooms for
these sociable little fellows

$12.00

Illustrated folder on request. Write to

JOS. H. DODSON

{A Director of the Illinois Audubon Society)

901 Aitociarion Bldg., Chicago, 111. The Martin" House

placing the logs in water and burning the
branches and tops; or (d) by removing
the infected bark from the trunks or logs
and burning it with the branches or as
fuel.

5. So far as combating the beetle is con-
cerned it is unnecessary and a waste of
time to dispose of trees or branches which
have been dead twelve months or more,
because the broods of the destructive bee-
tle are not to be found in such trees.

6. Spraying the tops or branches or the
application of any substance as a preven-
tive is not to be recommended. Nothing
will save a tree after the main trunk is at-
tacked by large numbers of this beetle or
after the bark and foliage begin to die.

7. The injuries to the twigs by this
beetle do not require treatment.

8. The bark and wood of dying and
dead trees are almost invariably infested
with many kinds of bark and wood-boring
insects which can do no harm to living
trees. Therefore all efforts should be
concentrated on the disposal of the broods
of the hickory bark beetle, according to
the above recommendations.

In order to insure the protection of the
remaining living trees it is very important
that at least a large majority of the dead
infested and partially dead infested trees
found within an entire community of
several square miles, be disposed of within
a single season to kill the broods of this
beetle. Therefore there should be con-
certed action by all owners of hickory
trees.

On account of the value of the hickory
for shade and nuts and for many com-
mercial wood products it is important that
the people of a community, county or
State who are in any manner interested
in the protection of this class of trees,
should give encouragement and support
to any concerted or co-operative effort on
the part of the owners towards the proper
control of the hickorv bad< beetle.

Growing Mushrooms

VALUABLE suggestions on the grow-
ing of mushrooms are given by
Prof. A. G. B. Bouquet, vegetable garden
expert of the Oregon Agricultural Col-
lege. Those afraid of "toadstool poison-
ing" need have no fear if they follow his
directions.

"The kind usually grown commercially
is the Agaricus campestris," says Prof.
Bouquet. "The color of the gills (the
under surface of the cap) is creamy white,
turning later to a pink, and in some brown
varieties to a grayish brown, and later still
to white.

"The common causes for failure in
mushroom growing are the use of poor
spawn or spawn killed by improper stor-
age; spawning at too high temperature;
too much water at spawning or later; and
improper preparation of the bed. One of

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AMD GAUBX.

FEBRUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

145

the first requisites is fresh, reliable spawn.
This can be obtained from reliable seeds-
men or from certain mushroom spawn
dealers in different parts of the United
States. The usual price is $2 for enough
spawn for thirty square feet.

"Mushrooms may be grown in a shed,
cave, cellar or any vacant space in a green-
house, if the temperature and moisture
conditions are favorable. The tempera-
ture should range from 53 to 60, 55 to
58 being best. The place should not be
very damp, though a moist atmosphere is
desirable. Cold is less injurious than heat.
That is why many mushroom houses are
built half below the ground, so that there
is less trouble in keeping down the tem-
perature. Mushrooms are usually grown
in early spring or summer, and in the fall
and early winter, but in proper houses
they may be produced the year around.
The color of the product is much improved
by darkness, but a little light may be al-
lowed to harvest the mushrooms and work
in the bed.

"The manure must be in the primary
stage of fermentation, and should not con-
tain more than a moderate amount of
straw or such substitutes as sawdust or
shavings. It should first be piled in a heap
three or four feet high, and if dry should
be watered slightly to start fermentation.
In four or five days it should be turned,
and again in seven or ten days to permit
of even fermentation and prevent burning
in spots. In fifteen days or three weeks
the temperature will begin to fall and it
will be ready for use.

"The beds are usually three and a half
by four feet and ten or twelve inches deep,
with boards outside to hold the manure.
The compost should be just moist a state
when water can not readily be squeezed
out. Layers of four to six inches should
be put in and packed slightly. The tem-
perature should be allowed to fall to 75
before the spawn is put in.

"Commercial spawn comes in bricks
which are cut or broken into two-inch
squares, ten or twelve pieces to the brick.
These . are put ten inches apart an inch
under the surface of the manure. It is
usually unnecessary to water the beds
after spawning, which almost invariably
damps off the young spawn. If in two
weeks there are no white threads in the
manure about the spawn a layer of loam
not too heavy nor too light, about an inch
and a half deep may be spread over the
surface. It should be barely moist, to
prevent the bed from drying out.

"When the mushrooms appear the bed
may be sprinkled lightly once or twice a
week, but never soaked. The walks and
walls of the house may be watered to keep
the atmosphere moist. The mushrooms
usually appear some six weeks after
spawning. In picking, the cap, or cap and
stem, should be grasped and twisted to
remove easily from the soil. All de-
fective ones and the small 'buttons' should
be removed. Shipment is made in small
boxes similar to strawberry boxes or in

Grimm's Galvanized Corrugated Wire Lathing

requires no furring on account
of the V-shaped corrugations
which are imbedded at intervals
of seven inches.

This feature alone is worth
considering, but that's not all.
It WILL NOT RUST as it is
heavily galvanized with the fin-
est grade of Western Spelter,
and is much easier to handle and
will conform to irregular curves
much better than any other form
of metal or wood ".ath.

Walls or ceilings plastered on
this lathing WILL NOT
CRACK OR DROP OFF, ow-
ing to its great keying quali-
ties, which we will explain if
you will drop us a card asking
for our booklet No. 61.
"Note the V"

Our general catalog will also
be mailed free upon request, which describes our entire line, such as Greening's Patent Trussed
Steel Wire Lathing, Buffalo Crimped Wire Concrete Reinforcing, Wire Cloth of all kinds and
Wire and Artistic Metal Work for all purposes. DROP US A LINE AT ONCE.

BUFFALO WIRE WORKS COMPANY

464 TERRACE

FORMERLY SCHEELER S SONS

BUFFALO, N. Y.

R LAKE A cord

mj*d indelibly on every

foot)

The man who builds a house without
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if laying up trouble for himself. ID-
dat that the specifications mention
SILVER LAKE A. It amooth aur-
faoe offen nothing on which the
pulley can catch. Guaranteed for
Twenty years.

Write for Free Booklet,

SILVER LAKE COMPHV

87 Chauncy St.,

Boston, Mass.
Maken of SILVER
LAKE .olid braided
o I o t h e

IsJYour Refrigerator
Poisoning Your Family?

YOUR doctor will tell
you that a refrigera-
tor which cannot be
kept clean and whole-
some, as you can easily
keep the Monroe, is al-
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family.

The Monroe is the
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Compartments.

Never
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which can be kept free of breeding
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rood which in turn poisons people.
Not cheap porcelain-enamel, but one
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ware over an inch thick nothing to
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every corner rounded not a single
crack, Joint or any other lodging place
for dirt and the germs of disease and
decay. Send at once for

FREE BOOK *ftn

which explains all this and tells yon
how to materially reduce the high
cost of living how to have better,
more nourishing food how to keep
food longer without spoiling how to
cut down ice bills how to guard
against sickness doctor's bills.

Monroe Refrigerator Co., Sta.

30 Days' Trial
Factory Price
Cash or Credit

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We pay freight and
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removal of refrig-
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Easy terms if
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Samson Spot Clothes Line,

SOLID BRAIDED COTTON
Strong, Durable, Flexible

Will not kink, stretch, ravel, nor stain the
clothes. Guaranteed to last at least five years,
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C*n be distinguished at a glance by our trade-
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Send for sample. Carried by all dealers, or write tt u*.
SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS, BOSTON, MASS.

Livingston's Tomatoes

Trial Packet of Livingston's "Globe" Illustrated
below (enough seeds for 250 plants) lOc. postpaid

Useful 130 page Catalog
and Tomato Booklet

Nearly 300 illustrations from photographs and
honest description make the catalog one of the most
reliable seed books published. "Tomato Facts ex-
plains why we are the leaders in the tomato line.
Both books are free. May we send _ copies to you?

The Livingston Seed Co.
186 High Street

COLUMBUS
OHIO

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

146

HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY, 1913

Go This Winter

(TCP 1

lii

c r /^m^

ao to the lands ot (Constant
Summer. Enjoy the thrill of
sunlight and sparkling surf; of
outdoor fun and familiar sports.

Take one of the AGWI Steamship Lines and slip southward over soft,
smooth, summer seas to the lands where winter is only a name, to

Florida Cuba Porto Rico Mexico
Texas Bahamas Santo Domingo

THE RIVIERA OF AMERICA

Florida, land of Eternal Flowers, is best reached
by the luxurious steamers o( the Clyde Line, sail-
ing four times weekly from New York direct to
Jacksonville without change ; Key West, Tampa,
St. Petersburg and the West coast by the splendid
steamers of the Mallory Line direct without
change. Write for rates, reservations, etc.

Clyde Steamship Company
Pier 36, North River, New York

CUBA-MEXICO - BAHAMAS

Reached by the superb steamers of the Ward Line.
The most delightful way to visit Nassau, seat of
the British Colonial Government ; Havana, the
"Little Paris" with its ideal climate, excellent
hotels and delightful social diversions ; and Mexico
with its ancient monuments and historic ruins.
For interesting booklets, rates, etc., write

New York & Cuba Mail S. S. CO.
Pier 14, East River, New York

THE COMING COUNTRY

Texas, land of opportunity ! You owe it to your-
self to see it. Visit Galveston, Atlantic City of
the Southwest; San Antonio, Aransas Pass, Corpus
Christ! and other celebrated resorts. The Mallory
Line is the only direct route to Texas without
change ; best way to California and Pacific Coast.
For interesting descriptive matter, rates, etc., write

Mallory Steamship Company
Pier 45, North River. New York

THE ISLAND OF ENCHANTMENT

Porto Rico, rightly named "Rich Port," rich in
traditions, interest and products. You can reach it
in four days and remain on board during delight-
ful cruise around the island. Weekly sailings
S.S. BRAZOS, 10,000 tons, with de luxe cabins,
some with private baths, and other big steamers in
winter service. Write for booklet and all information.

New York & Porto Rico S. S. Co.
11 Broadway N ew York

DISTRICT PASSENGER OFFICES

PHILADELPHIA 701 Chestnut St. CHICAGO 444 Com. Nat'l Bank Bldg. WASHINGTON -1306 F St., N. W.

BOSTON -192 Watoiofton St.

NEW YORK-290 Bro.dw.

HERE IS LETTUCE
SURE TO HEAD VH

BIO BOSTON Lettuce, srovra by market 5
gardeners everywhere, is the one heading let- - -

t tuce for home-planting. It develops fast,
giving big. hard, buttery heads, crisp
and tender. People who "never
could grow head lettuce" report
splendid results with Big Boston.
My strain Is perfect try it in frames
or open ground. Pkt. 10 cts., oz. 20
cts., K Ib. 60 cte.. Ib. K, postpaid.

Plant Stakes' Seeds it My Eipeaie

I will send you 50 cents' worth of
seeds, credit slip good for 25 cents
on your next order, and my 1913 ""^Par-

catalog all for 25 cents. The seeds are one packet each of
LETTUCE, Big Boston.

52.,; 8car l et Globe. Ready In twenty days.
TOMATO, Bonny Best Early. Earliest, biggest bearer.
Siirli??* 8 8?? s Standard. Large flowers, many types.
T/SW*' . 8t ke Standard. Blend of finest French
Mail 25 cents today^ami get seeds, crertit slip and catalog.

WALTER p. STOKES. BW. in. 219 M, r et St.. Philadelphia, P.

SEND SO CENTS IN STAMPS FOR

ATTRACTIVE DESIGNS AND PLANS
for LOW-COST HOUSES. BUNGALOWS.
LOG-CABINS, ETC. /. .-. .-. .-. .-.

Suburban Architectural

cardboard boxes holding two to five
pounds, often lined with paper to keep the
mushrooms in good condition. The market
price ordinarily averages thirty-five to
fifty cents a pound, and sometimes goes up
to seventy-five cents.

"The bed will produce successfully from
six weeks to three months, many growers
figuring the profitable yield to be half a
pound to the square foot of surface. Many
get two pounds to the square foot. When
a bed is no longer profitable, the manure
may be used for garden purposes, though
useless for mushrooms since the heat is
exhausted. The house should be thorough-
ly cleaned before another crop is raised.

"Those wishing printed matter on the
subject may write to the Massachusetts
Board of Agriculture for Bulletin 5, Farm-
ers' Bulletin 204, 'Cultivation of Mush-
rooms.' "

A Cement Driveway

HERE is one owner's idea of an en-
trance driveway for automobiles.
It is novel if not perfect. At least there
is no macadam to be kept in shape, no dust
for lack of sprinkling and no weeds to be
kept out of the drive. Water will rush off
without effecting the surface and tires will
produce no ill effects.

The cement driveway does away with weeding,
sprinkling and macadam repairs

There is, however, too much cement to
give a pleasing result and too little grass
to offset the mass of cement.

WERNER BOECKLIN

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AMD GARDEN.

How to Kill Quack Grass

THE Department of Agriculture has
issued Farmers' Bulletin No. 464,
on "The Eradication of Quack Grass."
Quack grass is well known to most far-
mers all the way from the Atlantic to the
Pacific in latitudes north of the Ohio and
Potomac Rivers. It is one of the most
serious weed pests known in America.
The grass grows under a great many dif-

FEBRUARY, 1913

| HOUSE AND GARDEN

ferent names, among them couch grass,
witch grass, and twitch grass.

The author of this bulletin has spent a
number of years making a close study of
the grass under field conditions all over
the northern United States. Based on this
thorough knowledge of the field habits of
the grass, experimental work was started,
which quickly resulted in a complete, cheap
and practical method of eradicating the
pest.

Farmers' Bulletin 464, embodying this
work, can be had by applying to your
Senator, Congressman or directly to the
Department of Agriculture at Washing-
ton. It is well worth the perusal of all
who are interested in such matters.

The Crocus as a House Plant

THE crocus is not commonly used for
an indoor flower, but we have found
its virtues many and its vices curable, and
we prefer to do without something else,
if necessary, for the sake of having this
delightful plant in the house. Its blossoms
almost rival the tulip in the variety of
their colors, showing also various shades
of purple not to be found in the narcissus
and the bright yellow that is so rare in
the hyacinth. A pan containing one or
two dozen crocus corms, all at the bloom-
ing stage, is a sight to be remembered,
and the flowering season for the crocus
is a long one. Ours often continue in
bloom for four, five or six weeks, while
we are well satisfied if the narcissus has
half this time of blossom. The corms
and full-grown crocus plants are so small
that many can be crowded into a small
space, which is an advantage in handling
and caring for them in limited quarters.
They are inexpensive enough to satisfy
the most frugal mind, some reliable
houses offering them for ten cents a dozen
and fifty cents a hundred, while even the
best varieties, that are more desirable for
the purpose of home bloom, only cost
about half as much again. To grow cro-
cuses in the house it pays well to get the
finest kinds. A first quality corm will
measure four inches around and ought to
send up from six to a dozen flowers, which
is another advantage over many bulbs
more commonly seen in window gardens,
some varieties producing not more than
one flower to a bulb.

Good garden loam and sand, with a
little very old manure in the bottom of the
pot, is what we have used for potting
crocuses. When the soil is procured the
next step is to set the corms, flat side
down, leaving half an inch or more of
space between them, and taking care not
to press them too hard, lest the roots lift
the plants. When this is done, fill with
soil enough just to cover the tips. The
potting itself should be done as early in
the fall as the corms can be bought, for

1913 B. C.

PAINT DISCOVERED

1913 A. D.

A PERFECT PAINT

FOR 4000 years Paint has been
used by mankind. Every age
has been one of progress, and
today A. P. Paint Products are a
Standard of Perfection.

Our A. P. Flatlan for walls and our
A. P. Enamel for trim have no supe-
rior. They will not crack, turn
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depth of color; contain no poisonous
substances. They may be washed
without injury. You can use our
products and depend upon them.

ATLAS PAINT CO.

103 Park Avenue, New York

H. N. BRADLEY,

President

Nashville, Tenn.

A. S. B. LITTLE,

Gen'l Mgr.

Write for Booklet, Color Card and Information

Japan

Extensive Stock

Send for Catalog

The Elm City Nunery Co.

New Haven, Connecticut

TINDALE MUSIC CABINETS

A new idea a saver of time,
temper and music

Enable you to keep your music
iralanlly accessible no time lost
hunting for the piece you want.
Distinctive in appearance. Ma-
hogany or oak. $15.00 upward.
Call and see them or write for
catalogue No. 6.

TINDALE CABINET CO.
1 West 34th St. New York

HILL'S EVERGREENS
Make Homes Beautiful

A little money, wisely invested, la

, effects. %Etabllshed'ii SSI

,, ^ Largest and choicest stlec-ll

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1 illustrated in colors'., :
D.' HILL NURSERY CO' Kef

_J 301 Cedar Street.* Dundee. III.

In writing to advtrtiters pleasi mention HOUSE AND GASDIH.

148

| HOUSE AND GARDEN |

FEBRUARY, 1913

The Biggest Outdoor Story of the Year

"Conquering Mt. McKinley" is the title Belmore Browne is the author.
It's a story of sport and hardship of dog-driving and snow-shoeing of
big game hunting and back-breaking mountain climbing. They reached
the top of the mountain, too, but that's only part of the story. The
photographs show Alaskan sport at its best and hardest. It's a FULL
MAN-SIZE story and it starts in the February OUTING.

For 1913 OUTING is the one outdoor magazine for yon bigger and
better in its expertness, helpfulness and sinccreness to all outdoor in-
terests than ever before. It's distinctly your kind of a magazine

why not subscribe?

All news-stands, 25 cents. $3.00 a year; $2.50 in combination with
other magazines. Local representatives wanted. Write for terms.

OUTING PUBLISHING COMPANY

OUTING MAGAZINE yacfltins 0-U-T-I-N-6 HANDBOOKS

I4M45 WEST 36-TH ST. NEW YORK 122 S. MICHIGAN AVE. CHICAGO

P. Sarti, G. Lucchesi
& Co.

IMPORTERS OF

Italian Marbles for Hall and
Garden, Lines, Fountains,
Sphinxes, Tables, Benches,
Pedestals, Columns, Statues,
Mantel Pieces, Vases, Etc.

Orders taken on special designs in
Plastic and Marble Reproductions

SHOWROOMS

113 East 34th St,, New York

f) s -r *
A. -\CX1C?

'" Specimen Sizes

Send for Catalog

THE ELM CITY NURSERY CO.
New Haven, Connecticut

Made to order to exactly match
the color scheme of any room

"You select the color we'll make
the nig." Any width seamless up
to 16 feet Any length. Any color
tone soft and subdued, or bright
and striking. Original, individual,
artistic, dignified. Pure wool or
camel s hair, expertly woven at
short notice. Write for color card.
Order through your furnisher.

Thread f Thrum Workshop
Auburn, New York

the crocus gains nothing by being left out
of the ground to waste its vitality. We
often plant in a "seed pan" because we
like the effect of a dozen or more plants
blooming together. A flower pot suf-
ficiently broad would be unnecessarily
deep and heavy. The three or four inch
depth provided by the "seed pan" is all
sufficient for the slight growing crocus.

After potting, the soil should be moist-
ened and set away in a dark, cool place of
from forty to fifty degrees for about two
months, until there is a vigorous root
growth. There is more danger in bring-
ing them into the light too soon than in
leaving them in the dark too long, for the
flowers depend on the strength of the root
growth. However, if the leaves insist on
growing in defiance of the darkness and
coolness, they may as well be brought to
the light, or they will acquire a spindling
shape that cannot be corrected later. This
state of things should be prevented by hav-
ing their storage place as dark as possible,
but this brings us to some of the small
failings of this particular plant.

Our crocus, so attractive when once
grown, has had a narrow escape from be-
ing destroyed by mold. A degree of
dampness that did no harm to the narcis-
sus, was almost too much for it. Wetting
only when it seems to be becoming too
dry for any growth is the safest remedy
for this. The crocus is also attractive to
mice, and to guard against them a mouse-
proof box should be built with ventilation
provided for by several holes in each end,
the holes themselves being covered with
window screen netting. Crocus plants
have a fascination for the green aphis,
which must be fought from the start be-
fore it increases to great numbers. To-
bacco in the form of smoke, dust or tea
will check the pest if used in time.

Naturally the best flowers must not be
expected from corms that are imperfect
or bruised ; these invite decay and con-
taminate the healthy bulbs. The crocus is
one of the plants that require slow forcing,
which brings them into flower in mid-
winter when their bright colors are most
appreciated. In rearing them some points
are to be kept in mind that are common to
all bulbs : water well when coming into
flower ; supply with fresh air, but without
draught; keep free from dust. Hot, dry
air, such as would be found in a fire-
heated "oom will not agree with them.
The conditions under which we have
grown them seem to suit them excellently
a light and very sunny room, where the
temperature stands in the sixties in the
daytime and lower at night.

The crocus that has bloomed in the
house may be dried off gradually in a light
cellar until the foliage is entirely dead and
then planted outdoors in early September.
The lawn is a good place. Lift a sod, set
out the corms, replace the sod and in the
spring the leaves will force their way
through and the foliage die away before it
can be injured by mowing the lawn.
Crocuses planted in the garden will give
(Continued on page 150)

IH writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDES.

FEMRUAKY,

I HOUSE AND GARDEN

149

Bay State

Brick and Cement

Coating

will protect all concrete or cement
construction against damage by
moisture, will retard fire, give your
building any tint desired, may be
used as a tint on brick or wood, is
equally advantageous on stucco or
concrete houses, in mill, bridge or
sewer construction. Send at once
for booklet No. 2.

It was used here

GOLF AND COUNTRY CLUB
Situated on border of American Lake, Tacoma, Wash.

Wadsworth, Howland & Co.

Incorporated

Paint and Varnish Makers and
Lead Corroders

82-84 Washington Street, Boston, Mass.

Long Island Real Estate

The March issue of HOUSE &
GARDEN will contain the ANNUAL
LONG ISLAND SUPPLEMENT. A
Special Number and a Special Adver-
tising Medium for anyone offering
LONG ISLAND REAL ESTATE
for sale.

HOUSE & GARDEN the Adver-
tising Medium for the Better Class,
Higher Priced Property.

For Rates Address the Manager of the
REAL ESTATE DEPT., HOUSE & GARDEN

Union Square, New York

The Old -Time Ice-
Box has no place in
the Modern Home

Modern hygiene
requires that the food
supply of a family be
kept in dry, pure, cold air
and not in the moist, germ-
laden atmosphere that comes
from melting ice. Your food
keeps better, tastes better, looks

better, if you have a

BRUNSWICK Household

You should enjoy the cleanliness, convenience and sanitation of this economical, easily
operated appliance. You will have no trouble keeping a constant temperature in
your refrigerators and making all the pure ice you need for table use.

Ask for Our Literature

and see how simple and efficient a Brunswick plant is and how much comfort your
whole household will get from it. The machine you buy will be designed for your
home and we guarantee satisfaction.

Drop a line for our bulletin to-day.

Brunswick Refrigerating Company

103 Jersey Avenue
New Brunswick
New Jersey

WttYANDfjOW

R. D. Anthony, instructor ill Cornell
Unioersity sous : "Your book is an excel-
lent publication * * * / appreciate your
sending me a copy."

This Book tells the results
of years of experimenting.

How to plant, cultivate and spray
fruit and shade trees and vegeta-
bles to the best advantage.

It may save you hundreds
of dollars every year.

Sent postpaid for 50 cents.

FIELD FORCE PUMP CO.
604 Grand Ave. ELMIRA, N. Y.

Strong positive in ac-
tion pumps easily
stands firmly in pail
adjustable to any depth
of pail. Keep a
Douglas always
ready for immedi-
ate action.

FIGHTS
FIREor
BUGJ

DOUGLAS

SPRAY PUMPS

are adaptable to scores of
uses in house, barn, garden,
orchard. This No. 259 ("Aqua-

pult") is double acting gives continu-
ous stream 50 to 60 feet with straight
nozzle. 81 years at pump making make
us authorities on pump problems.

Free Booklet describes this and sixteen
other models with prices. Send for it
now. Ask your dealer; if he has none
we will supply you.

W. & B. DOUGLAS

Pump Makers for 81 years
200 William St.. Middletow*. Ct.

In writing If tdvtrtistrs fletsi mention Housi AND GABDIN.

HOUSE AND GARDEN

FEBRUARY,

AN UNINTERESTING
MAGAZINE

is a literary gold brick, in a manner
of speaking. Its cover design may be
deceptive as to what it conceals in the
way of reading matter.

Some magazines depend largely
upon their exterior appearance to sell
them ; their interiors are not up to the
standard outwardly displayed. Others
back up striking cover designs with
real merit in the reading pages, and
in this class is

The cover of the February number
shows one of the most famous
churches in all Europe the Fratien-
kirche in Nuremburg. In front of
the great, brown edifice are market
women plying their trade in the shade
of huge umbrellas. Within the cover
are these and other features :

Irkutsk the Unregenerate

Seattle and Two Neighbors

In the Shadow of the Matterhorn

Cairo, Old and New

Madeira, an Island of Enchantment

Look for this cover on the newsstands,
or better still, fill out the attached
coupon and mail it to us.

COUPON

McBRIDE, NAST 6? CO.

31 E. 17th St., N. Y.

Gentlemen :

Enclosed please find $3.00 for which send me
TRAVEL for one year, beginning with the Febru-
ary, 1913, number.

NAME . .

ADDRESS

Vick's A Guide

FOR 1913 IS READY

JAMES VICK'S SONS, Rochester, N. Y.
18 Stone Street Ike Flower City

(Continued from page 148)
much better returns if set in September
than later, for in the fall they make their
buds ready for spring weather at that time.
If set as late as November the corms will
send up very little bloom. Mulch for
winter with two or three inches of coarse
litter, and lift and re-set every three or
four years, before they push out of the
ground. They require a warm, dry spot
for favorable growths.

The crocus can also be raised in water
indoors if the choicest bulbs are chosen,
but on that subject we cannot speak from
experience.

The following table shows the dates on
which we have potted, and brought the
crocus to the light. Also the dates of first
and last bloom of this attractive flower:

Brought from

Potted. Cellar. First Flower. Last Faded.

19 Dec 19 Tan 28 Feb 25

16 Tan 16 Feb 16 Feb 28

29 lice 24 Tan 27 Mar.

29 Tan 14 Feb. ..

Mar.

5 Pec 7 Feb 13 Feb 27

I. M. ANGELL

Edgings for Garden Walks

BOX edgings are troublesome, liable
to great irregularities, apt to har-
bor insects, and suitable merely for
quaint figures and old-fashioned geome-
trical designs. They are the proper accom-
paniments of parterres and small flower
gardens that arc laid out with numerous
narrow gravel walks. The dwarf gen-
tian if planted in double rows in soil that
suit it sometimes, makes a neat edging.
Heaths, also particularly the common
Lyng (C alluvia zvilgari) may, when
promptly trimmed, produce an excellent
edging for a heath garden or bed of
American plants. The smaller periwin-
kle, kept in due limits, is useful, as an
edging under trees, as is the common ivy.
The most valuable requisites in an edg-
ing are neatness, diminutiveness, or capa-
bility of being regularly trimmed, quiet-
ness of appearance or harmony with what-
ever is behind it, and permanence. In each
of these respects grass will, in nearly all
circumstances, have the advantage. The
common heath is more expressive and
characteristic, however, near rocky sur-
faces - W. R. GILBERT.

Filling the Ice House

ON most small country places ice is
stored in winter for next summer's
use, and in many instances where the
tyrannical ice-man is now depended upon,
a small icehouse might be profitably used
in his place. Very often the mistake is made
of waiting for thick ice, in the belief that
labor is saved thereby. This saving is a
very doubtful one, however, as it takes
longer to handle very heavy cakes, and
the ice is very seldom as good as the clear
first freezing, which can be had, usually,
eight to ten inches thick. A space of about
a foot should be left between the ice and
the side walls of the house, to be packed
firmly with sawdust as the house is filled.

Valuable Hints on Planting

When buying any article of com-
merce, one must depend almost en-
tirely upon the seller. He must be
able to inspire confidence, must show that he
knows his business, and above all prove that
he is honest. This is even more applicable to
our line of business than any other. Why take
any risk? Why not deal direct and at real cost?
We have been in business 59 years, have 1,200
acres and 47 greenhouses. Everything in Fruit
and Ornamental Trees, Evergreens, Roses,

Shrubs, Vines,
Bulbs, Flower and
Garden Seeds. Sat-
isfaction guaran-
teed.

Write Today

for our 168-page Cat-
alog No. 2, or for
Fruit and Ornamen-
tal Tree Catalog No.
1; bo*h free.

THE STORKS & HARRISON COMPANY

Box 128 Painesvillc, Ohio (43)

| Artistic, Economical
Wallcoverings

To combine exquisite effects
with genuine economy, deco-
rate your walls with the latest
Wiggin creation

ART KO-NA

Easy to apply. Keeps walls from
cracking. Quickly cleaned with damp
cloth. Surpasses finest wall paper, yet
costs no more. The wide variety of
fadeless colors and shades make it
possible to have each room harmonize
perfectly with adjoining rooms.

Art Ko-Na belongs to the famous line
of Fab-Rik-0-Na wall coverings. Send
for free copy of Homemakers' Book oi
tones and colors.

K B. WIGGIN'S SONS CO..
218 Irch St.. Bloomfield. N . J.

A Snug Home for
a Young Couple

Plot 30 by loo feet. Wide, re-
stricted street. Exceptionally Easy
Terms. Apply direct to owner
Mrs. C. B. Jennings, 326 Bucking-
ham Road, Flatbush, Brooklyn.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

FEBRUARY,

1913

HOUSE

AND

GARDEN

151

Hotbeds
Cold-frames

You can
supplied

have a truck garden in your back yard that will keep you
with fresh vegetables and will give you infinite pleasure

Have Spring when you
it. Have it NOW!

want

All you need is a plot in your garden covered with^Sunlight'lDouble^Glass
Sash. Get them NOW !

You will be surprised to see what fine, strong plants you
can grow. Your flowers will be ready to pluck and your
vegetables to eat six weeks ahead of the season. And how
much better they are when they are not commonplace
when they are your own achievement!

Sunlights Eliminate the Drudgery

. f . i 111 -ill

After the sash are ordered and received let the gardener
make the hot-bed. The pit frame is put in and partly filled
with heating material; then the top frame is set on; then
the soil is shoveled in and made fine and ready; then the
seed is sown or the plants set in the warm earth; then the
sash are laid on the top frame and practically all is done.

No covering or uncovering of beds

With Sunlight Double Glass Sash you never have to use mats or
boards for covering even in zero weather. The double layer of glass
protects the plants prevents their being injured by frost, snow and ice.

Reward in Pleasure and Profit

Lettuce, radishes, onions, greens and the like will grow right off to
maturity in the bed and in their order cabbage, cauliflower, beets.
tomato, pepper, cucumber, melon and sweet potato plants (and many
others in each class) will grow, ready to go into the field as soon as the
season outside permits. Whether for pleasure or profit you will be
rewarded with ten times the returns that come to those who have no
glass and wait on the weather. For full information address

You can have violets
and lettuce all Winter:
cauliflower for early
Spring; tomato plants
to set out as soon as
it is warm.

Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co.

All you have to do with Sunlight Sash is to tilt them up on warm

days. Mats and boards are unknown to Sunlight Sash users 985 E. RfOadway Louisville, Ky

Get These Two Books

One is our free catalog; the other is a
book on hot-beds and cold-frames by
Professor Massey. It is authoritative,
tells how to make and care for the hot-
beds, what and when to plant. 4c. in
stamps will bring Professor Massey 's
book in addition_to the catalog.

Fottler, Fiske, Rawson Co.

Highest Grade Seeds

BOSTON

It is our aim to grow and have
grown for us only the very best
and Highest Grade Seed both
flower and vegetable that ex-
perienced growers can produce.
Franklin Park Lawn Seed

The original formula that has
made our Boston Parks famous.
It is made up of all recleaned seeds
of known vitality, is quick to ger-
minate, is free from weed seeds, it
starts at once.

Our 1913 Seed Catalogue Free

Contains a most complete list, fully illustrated, of Vegetable and
Flower Seeds the latest introductions.

n LI* Tne lar est collection in America. We

[la il ll t\ S issue a special Dahlia and Gladiolus Cata-

***" bgue, mailed free on application.

P Our Seed Catalogue mailed free.

lDer : Our Dahlia Catalogue mailed free.

Fottler, Fiske, Rawson Co.

Faneuil Hall Square, BOSTON

Buy Moons' Shrubs

THEY solve the problem of bare house foundations
and ugly veranda corners. Now is the time to send
in your order.

Not only do Moons' Shrubs and Trees solve this prob-
lem, but almost any other landscape problem that may
arise, whether it be that of planting an entirely new lawn,
or some new feature in an old one, such as a shrubbery
border, hedge, windbreak, or additional shade trees.

Our catalog, "Moon's Hardy Trees and Plants for
Every Place and Purpose," describes these and shows
numerous illustrations of results produced with Moons'
stock. A copy will be gladly mailed upon request.

The William H. Moon Co.

Place, Morrisville, Pa.

Philadelphia Office, Room "I>" 21 So. Twelfth Street

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

| HOUSE AND GARDEN |

FEBRUARY, 1913

FRENCH & SONS
PLAYER PIANOS

Art Products of high quality and exceeding good value

E touch changes it from a hand-played piano
to a player piano. By pulling forward a little
drawer under the keyboard the devices for
personal musical expression are brought into oper-
ation, the keys are automatically locked, lower panel
opens and the pedals swing out into position. A
great improvement over instruments in which all
these operations are performed separately, often
necessitating stooping to adjust the pedals.

As a player, the French & Sons is incomparably superior to any other. As a hand-played
instrument, it betrays not the faintest trace of mechanism it is superb. Other desirable
features are the Automatic Music Tracking Device Automatic Sustaining Pedal Device
the Compound Motor, which reduces friction 50 per cent. -Pneumatic Self-Cleaning Device
on trackerbar and many other interesting points demonstrated in our beautiful Illustrated
Booklet sent free on request.

French & Sons' Player Pianos are welcomed with the cordiality of old friendship by music
lovers in the most refined and cultured homes in America. Before deciding upon any piano
or player, send for our catalogs they are free for the asking. Write today to

JESSE FRENCH & SONS PIANO CO., New Castle, Ind.

"The House of French, established in the Piano Business since 1875"

Beautiful La.wnsl|Beautiful Lawns

and Gardens

Lawns that are distinctive; that show early and
late and all of the time that they are different;
lawns of wonderful texture; a rich green, velvety
carpet out of doors; such lawns are made with

KflLAKA

FERTILIZED QRflSS SEED

Expert blending of purest seeds of choice lawn grasses
in cpmbination with specially prepared natural fertil-
izer insures best distribution and quick, strong germination.

Kalaka in 5 Ib. boxes at $1.00 express prepaid East
or $1.25 West of Omaha. Special prices for quantities
of 50 Ibs. and over. Order today.

Fr&0 Rrtnklel- "How to Make a Lawn,"

rree DOORiec valuable to every )awn

maker, sent free if you mention your dealer.
THE KALAKA CO., 1102 W. 3Sth Street, Chicago

European
Beach

Fine Specimens

Send for Catalog
The Elm City Nursery Co.
New Haven, Connecticut

Plant White Pine

Look at this Picture!

White

Pine

planted

28 years.

Timber

alone

worth

$200.00

We have
25,000,000
healthy
forest trees
White
Pine,
Red Pine
Norway
Spruce.

Our stock is vigorous, hardy and free from
disease ; grown from selected seed. Prices very
reasonable. Write today. A postal card will Jo

Keene Forestry Association

Keene, N. H.

an acre.

White Pine Planted 28 Years

With their wonderful colors and delicious perfumes;
their luscious berries and tender greens depend upon
natural fertilizer. The best soil will fail unless it is
kept rich and fertile with

Wizard Brand Sheep Manure

Dried and Pulverized

One Barrel Equals Two
Wagon Loads Barnyard Manure |

<M QO f or 200 Ib. barrel prepaid east of Omaha.
^L vv Special quantity prices and Free Book-
~ let sent for your name on a postal.
THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO.
25 Union Stock Yards Chicago

Wizard Brand is sold by Seedsmen and Garden Supply Houses

GE N A S C O gfcS?Nc

is mude of Nature's everlasting waterproofer. Write
for samples and the Good Roof Guide Book.

The Barber Asphalt Paving Co., Philadelphia

'OTfEKY

'EAUTiFUL Plants de-
serve Beautiful Pots
fiR Galloway Productions
ombine Strength & Dur-
ability with Artistic Qual-
ies that will add Charm
Your Garden & Home
Reasonable Cost.
Pots, B_6xes.Vases. Sun-
flials. Benches and other
attractive pieces are
shown in our Catalogue
which vjill be mailed

TERRA CbTrA Gb.

3218 WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA

The Vital Functions of Light in the
Home

(Continued from page 96)
direction of the side walls, with much less
light thrown upward, and downward, the
enclosing ball of opal would cut off by ab-
sorption some of the side wall light, but
would increase by diffusion the light in the
upper and lower portions of the room.

In the diagram shown the heavy hori-
zontal line passes through the center of a
light source, which distributes its light
without any enclosing globe as shown by
the Outline I. In other words, it distributes
the greatest light at an angle of forty-five
degrees below the horizontal, with scarce-
ly any light directly beneath the lamp.

Outline II shows how the distribution of
light was changed by placing a cylinder of
ground glass over the source there being
a slight loss by absorption of the glass,
but practically no change in distribution.

Outline III tells a different story, how-
ever, for above the horizontal a great
amount of light is thrown, simply by plac-
ing a cylinder of opal glass over the
source. It will be noted that the increase
above the horizontal is accompanied by a
slight decrease below, but the object of the
test was to prove that distribution of light
can actually be changed by enclosing opal
globes, and that, moreover, without dis-
tortive spot light effects. The thing to re-
member is that these observations apply
only to enclosing globes, and that the light
will be distributed about enclosing opal
globes in a form similar to their shape.

Upon page 95 is an example of an
interior marred by the use of ground glass
globes. Cover the upper portion of the
picture by placing the first finger trans-
versely on the page, hiding the lights, and
note how pleasing the effect is. The pres-
ence of glaring light sources in the visual
field is not only a distracting factor, but a
perpetual menace to eyes and nerves.
With the wonderful economy of modern
illuminants there is no longer need to sac-
rifice artistic effect, appearance and eye
comfort, all for an extreme and fanatical
re-distribution of light. Place your illumi-
nants in attractive globes of the densest
opal, and rest assured that there will be
ample light emitted for all useful pur-
poses. The pleasure to be derived from
artificial light sources which can be re-
garded fixedly without annoyance, which
are a part of their environment and de-
light the eye, is wonderful.

Very often light fixtures are so con-
structed that opal glassware can only ac-
complish the elimination of glare and
harsh white light. At top of page 96 is an
example, and one which is very common,
particularly where the appropriation for
fixtures is limited. The difficulty in this
ase is with the fixture arms, which are
jncorrectly placed at an angle. The po-
sition of the illuminants is such that if
their tips are exposed by globes having an
opening, as illustrated, the effect is very
(Continued on page 154)

In writing to advertisers please mention Housi AND GAKDEH.

FEBRUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

"53

issirna

WE have again succeeded in getting a stock of this rare
and exquisitely lovely hardy single white Rose. With
the exception of the marvelous Cherokee Rose of the
South, it is the most beautiful single rose in the world. The
plant is compact and bushy, growing four to five feet high, and
in June it is covered with large yellowish-white flowers of in-
describable beauty. It should be planted in groups, and like
the Rosa Rugosa, it can be used in the shrubbery. Coming
from Siberia, it is absolutely hardy. Limited stock.

Extra strong plants 50 cents, $5.00 per dozen
Good plant* 30 cents, $3.00 per dozen

We have the largest, finest and most comprehensive stock of
Hardy Plants in America, including three hundred varieties of
the choicest Peonies, the largest collection of Japanese Iris in
the world, and an unsurpassed collection of named Phloxes.
Our illustrated catalogue, describing these and hundreds of
other Hardy Plants, Trees, Rhododendrons, Azaleas and
Shrubs will be sent on request.

"A PLEA FOR HARDY PLANTS," by J. Wilkinson Elliott, contains much
information about Hardy Gardens, with plans for their arrangement. We have
made arrangments with the publishers of this book to furnish it to customers
at a very low price. Particulars on request.

ELLIOTT

339 Fourth Avenue

NURSERY

PITTSBURGH, PA.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World's Choicest Nursery & Greenhouse Products

SPRING PLANTING

Our products are of a higher grade than ever this season, placing
us in a better position to fill orders with a class of material that will
give satisfaction to all our patrons. Our Nursery consists of 300
acres of highly cultivated land and a large area covered with Green-
houses and Storehouses in which we are growing Nursery and Green-
house Products for every place and purpose.

ROSES. We have several hun-
dred thousand Rose Plants that
will bloom this year. Order now
from our Illustrated General Cat-
alogue for spring delivery.

HARDY OLD-FASHIONED
PLANTS. We grow thousands
of rare, new and old-fashioned
kinds, including Peonias and Iris,
in a large variety. Special prices
on quantities.

EVERGREENS, CONIFERS
AND PINES. Many acres of
our Nursery are planted with
handsome specimens.

ORNAMENTAL SHADE
TREES AND FLOWERING
SHRUBS. We grow many thou-
sands of Ornamental Shade Trees
and Shrubs, in all varieties and sizes.

TRAINED, DWARF AND
ORDINARY FRUIT TREES
AND SMALL FRUITS. We
grow these for all kinds of fruit
gardens and orchards.

OUR NEW GIANT-FLOW-
ERING MARSHMALLOW.
Everybody should be interested
in this hardy old-fashioned flower.
Blooms from July until the latter
part of September.

BAYTBEES, PALMS and other Dec-
orative plants for Conservatories, Interior
and Exterior decorations.

PLANT TUBS, WINDOW BOXES and
ENGLISH GARDEN FURNITURE. We
manufacture all shapes and sizes.

BOXWOOD. Everybody loves the
aroma of old-fashioned Boxwood. We
grow thousands of plants in many shapes
and sizes.

STRAWBERRIES, Potted and Field-
Grown in all the leading varieties.

OtTK ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOGUE NO. 40 describes our products; Is
comprehensive, interesting, instructive and helpful to intending purchasers. Will be
mailed upon request.

THE PROPER WAY TO BUY is to see the material growing. We shall gladly
give our time and attention to all intending purchasers visiting our Nursery, and Invite
everybody interested in improving their grounds to visit us.

WE PLAN AND PLANT GROUNDS AND GARDENS EVERYWHERE WITH

OUR "WORLD'S CHOICEST NURSERY AND GREENHOUSE PRODUCTS."

RUTHERFORD

BOBBINK & ATKINS

Nurtcrymen, Floritt* and flanttri

NEW JERSEY

The 360 Best Roses
for America

Best for color, form, bloom, fra-
grance, growth, sturdiness, hardiness.
Varieties personally selected in
France, England, Ireland and America
by our president sole American
judge at the International Rose Ex-
hibition, Paris, 1911 and by our
vice-president, America's premier
rose propagator. Collections to suit
each climate. Every bush guaran-
teed to grow and bloom.

Conard & Jones Roses

Write for FREE Rose Book

Here is undisputed rose authority. Lists and
describes the 360 Best Roses for America;

shows 11 in natural colors; 85 photographed.
AH owti-rootbushes, extralarge and vigorous.
Also contains full data on selecting, planting,

Earning and cultivating, a complete Rose
over's Calendar, and FREE DELIVERY
OFFER on orders of $5.00 and over.
Write lor your free copy TO-DAY.

n SPECIAL OFFER

Our BEST DOZEN roses; no
two alike; all colors; strong,
healthy bushes all 12 in 1-
yearsize, $1; 2-year size, $3;
Star size. $6. Large sizes
guaranteed to bloom this
season. We prepay express-
age on orders of $5 or more
anywhere in U. S. or Canada. .

THE CONARD & JONES CO..

Box 126, West Grove, Pa.

Rose Specialists
SO years' experience

Temple d' Amour In the famous Rosarle de
1 'Hay, near Paris. Visited by ourpresident
while Bole American Judge at the Inter-
national Rose Exhibition, Paris. 1911.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GASDEN.

154

HOUSE

AND

GARDEN

FEBRUARY,

I9J3

[ TRADE
. MARK

(YOU TREAT ME)

is just the kind of fertilizer every garden en-
thuiiast will warnly welcome. It is highly con-
centrated, clean, odorless plant food, which
doubles and triples production it means

MORE FRUIT FINER VEGETABLES
BEAUTIFUL VELVETY LAWNS-
LUXURIANT FLOWER GARDENS

Used according to diiectious, 5 pounds is
enough to treat 500 feet of lawn, vegetable or
Howoi' garden; or 300 feet young Iwlse; or 300
plants in four-inch pots; or 130 rose bushes-aiid
a S-lb. HAG will be sent you (any address in
the U. S.). express prepaid, for $1.00; a 110-lb.
BAG (to any address east of the Miss. River),
freight prepaid, for $5.00.

Sena in your crcler today, and get our valu-
able, free booklets, which tell you how others
achieved how YOU can achieve wonderful suc-
cess with "U-Tree-T-Me."

THE PLANT & LAND FOOD CO.
206 N. Garrison Lane, Baltimore, Md.

The Stephenson System of
Undergrou d Refuse Disposal

Saves the battering of your can
mid scattering of garbage fmm
1 n nt in ling nut frozen contents.

a Underground.

Garbage and Refuse Receivers^r

A fireproof and sanitary disposal
of ashes anil refuse.

Our Underground Earth Closet

means freedom from frozen

plumbing.

In use nine years. It pfiys to look i

C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr.
20 Farrar St. Lynn, Mass.

Landscape Gardening

A course for Homemakers and
Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig
and Prof. Beal of Cornell Umi-
versity.

Gardeners who understand up
to-date methods and practice are
in demand for the best positions.

A knowledge of Landscape
Gardening is indispensable to
those who would kave the pleu-
antest homes.

250 pa am Catalog free. Write to-day.

TUB HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL

Dept. 226, Springfield, Mass.

Norway
Spruce

Specimens ten to fifteen feet

Send for Catalog
THE ELM CITY NURSERY CO.
New Haven, Connecticut

OWNERS AND BUILDERS

OF CEMENT HOUSES

Write for interesting free book telling how cement
buildings can be successfully painted and water-proofed
at slight cost.

It contains color plates showing how CHI-NAMEL
CEMENTONEwill improve the a ppearance of new cement
buildings, and make the exterior of old buildings look new.

THE OHIO VARNISH CO., 8602 Kinsman Rd., Cleveland, 0,

IMPORTED CACTUS
DECORATIVE DAHLIAS

At Reasonable Prices

Also 500 varieties of the best to be
found in U. S. A.

Dahlias are more popular than ever
before, for the new varieties are more
beautiful.

Send for my catalog.

MRS. H. A. TATE

OLD FORT

N. C.

STAR OR HI API/DCDDV TRULY A

WONDER DL Aim D Erin I STAR PERFORMER

A wonder indeed ! in growth, excellence, pro-
ductiveness. Bears for two months; large, luscious
berries in clusters, like grapes see illustration.
A single plant has yielded over two bushels
in a year. Write for particulars. Headquar-
ters also for St. Regis Everbearing, the best
red Raspberry; and Caco, by far
the choicest of all hardy grapes.
A full assortment of Strawber-
_^___^^__ ries, Raspberries, Blackberries,

SMC... Grapes, Currants, Gooseberries,
fT^TJt^Sm- Garden Roots, hardy Perennial
Plants, Shrubs, Vines, Evergreen
and Shade Trees, Roses, Hedge
Plants, etc.

Illustrated descriptive
catalogue replete with cultural in-
structions. FREE TO EVERYBODY.
Established 187S; 200 acres; quality
unsurpassed. PRICES LOW.

I T I OVPTT B " '"

J. I.HJVE.I1, titil. silver, N.J.

D A H LIAS

Twelve of my own selection for
$1.00. Catalogue on request.

W. H. HARVEY, Dahlia Expert
229 Old Frederick Rd. Baltimore, Md.

A Beautiful Illustrated Booklet,
"WHERE SUN DIALS ARE
MADE/' sent upon request.
Estimates furnished.

Alk for BookM No. 4

E. B. MEYROWITZ, 237 Rfth Avenue, New York

Branches: New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul, London, Paris

SUN
DIALS

Any Latitude

SHEEP'S HEAD BRAND PULVERIZED SHEEP MANURE.
Pure and Unadulterated.

Free from all foreign seeds. Best
Fertilizer for Lawns, Golf Courses,
Flower and Vegetable Gardens. $4.00 for
MO pounds, freight paid east of the
Missouri River. Write for instructive
booklet, "Fertile Facts," and quantity

price;

Natural Guano Company

Dept. 19,

Aurora, Illinois

PLANTS & SHRUBS

Before selecting anything in the line of
trees, plants and shrubbery, you should visit
our Nursery or write for illustrated cata-
logue on Nursery Stock which we send free.

Julius Roelirs Co., Eiotic Nuneriei, Rutherford, N. J.

MODERN GLADIOLUS

I am again offering to my old friends and new customers
the finest kinds of gladiolus bulbs to be had, the kind that
take premiums wherever offered and surprise and delight
the people. Not only Grpff's Hybrids, but all other sorts
that are first class, including the best new named sorts and
some never before offered. Fifty selected flowering size
bulbs, postpaid, for 60 cents.

GEO. S. WOODRUFF,

"HOX H"
IHDEPBVDBVCE, IOWA

Convenient Sanitary
With our Extension Stem

No stooping to turn heat on or off

Our patent wood wheel with
door-knob finish is made to
match the trim of room no
plates or screws to catch dust
or burn the hands when turning.
Can be installed without aid
of a mechanic.

WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULAR

J. O'MEARA, Inc.

103 Walker St., N. Y.

glaring, similar to that of ground glass
globes in a pendant position.

By bending the arms as shown below
and using an enclosing opal globe similar
to the center one of the group shown in
our first illustration, reading conditions
would be greatly improved and more light
directed below the horizontal. Of course
amber film should be used for color modi-
fication, and the design of the globe should
be selected to harmonize with the motif of
interior decoration.

The glassware shown on the modified
fixture is of the semi-enclosing type, and
should never be used in the home, since
it suggests by its ribbed effect the pris-
matic type of glassware so devoid of
beauty and so commonplace through its
commercial application.

In some instances where period expres-
sion suggests the use of cut glass in prism
form, as illustrated, it is desirable to al-
low direct rays of light to impinge upon
the inner facets of the prisms to obtain life
and sparkle. Such fixtures are always
marred, however, by the characteristic
white light effect of modern illuminants.
Amber film in cylindrical form will give
the desired color modification, without
distracting from the brilliancy of the
prismatic effect which can then be ob-
served without eye-strain.

Several glassmakers offer prisms made
from iridescent opalescent glass, which are
most attractive. Wherever fixture finishes
obtain in mellow gold tones, do not forget
that a white light makes them harsh and
garish, while amber deepens the color
value and adds tone, expression and en-
semble.

In all cases where delicately etched and
colored glassware is involved, particularly
on side wall fixtures, the brightness of the
source must be greatly subdued to avoid
obliteration of ornament. The decorative
value of the side wall lamp lies in its ex-
pression and symbolism. Modulation of
quality of light is imperative, nothing be-
ing more incongruous or inartistic than a
violent splotch of light against the wall di-
rectly behind the lamp. A soft and sub-
dued tone may be effected by placing ab-
sorbing screens of etched mica, superim-
posed, until the most agreeable density in
wall tone is attained, contributing to that
essential feature of decoration-shadow.
The significance of the side wall as a de-
sirable location for an art lamp lies in the
opportunity which it affords to express
character in lighting, and to reconcile light
and decoration in an appreciation of the
beautiful.

A Correction

ON page 14 of the January number of
HOUSE & GARDEN the house attrib-
uted to Charles Platt as architect should
have appeared as the work of Aldridge
and Delano, architects. The house in
question is the home of Mrs. C. B. Alex-
ander, of Bernardsville.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

FEBRUARY, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

for the Coming Year

Motor Fashions

Smartest novelties for owner,
guests, car and driver.

January 1

White and Southern
Fashions

January 1 5

The trend of coming styles as seen
in the Southland.

Smart Fashions For
Limited Incomes

February 1

Kirst aid to the fashionable woman
of not unlimited means.

Forecast of Spring

Fashions February 15

The earliest authentic news of
the Spring mode.

Spring Patterns March 1

Working models for one's whole
Spring and Summer wardrobe.

Spring Dress Materials

and Trimmings March 15

How the Spring models shall be
developed.

Spring Millinery April 1

The newest models in smart hats,
veils and coiffures.

Spring Fashions April 15

The last word on Spring gowns,
waists, lingerie and accessories.

Bride's May 1

Late Spring fashions and special
bridal interests.

Summer Homes

May 15

A journey "thro' pleasures andpal-
aces" in Newport and elsewhere.

Summer Fashions June 1

The final showing of the Summer
modes that will be.

European and Travel June 15

Where to go, how to gn, what to
wear and how to wear it.

Hot Weather

Outing Fashions July 1

The correct wardrobe and equip*
ment for all outdoor sports.

Vacation July 15

The perennial interests of Summer
described and pictured.

Outdoor Life August 1

The beau monde at play in New-
port, Bar Harbor and the Berk-
shires.

Children's Fashions August 15

Outfits for the infant and the
school boy or girl.

Autumn Millinery September 1

A guide to the season's best ex-
pressions in hats and bonnets.

Forecast of

Autumn Fashions September 15

The first accurate forecast of the
fashions for Autumn.

Autumn Patterns October 1

A grown-up picture book, featur-
ing Vogue's patterns for Fall and
Winter.

Autumn Shopping October 15

A tour throngh the best shops of
two continents.

Winter Fashions November 1

Vogue's dress rehearsal of the
Winter mode.

Dramatic and Vanity November 15

The fine arts that make fair women
fairer.
Christmas Gifts December 1

Vogue's solution of the Christmas
Shopping problem.

Christmas December 15

Midwinter fashions, festivities and
frivolities.

$4 Invested in Vogue

(*a tiny fraction of your
loss on one ill-chosen gown)

May Save You $400

The gown you buy and never wear is the really expensive
one ! Hats, furs, boots, gloves that just miss being exactly
what you want these are the clothes that cost more than
you can afford !

By investing $4.00 in Vogue, you secure INSURANCE
against wasting this way a single penny of your clothes
expenditure in the year 1913.

Vogue's value is at its greatest now that the time is at
hand for planning new clothes, The next four numbers
form a complete guide to a Spring wardrobe of distinc-
tion, individuality and correctness a guide that not
only furnishes valuable ideas, but saves costly failures.

The demand for these Spring Fashion numbers always
clears the newsstands in a few days. Even though you are
getting Vogue regularly from your newsdealer, it will pay
you to reserve in advance these special Spring numbers.

In fact this is the easiest way for you to prove that Vogue
will pay for itself ten, twenty, even a hundred times over.

Join today the most smartly dressed women in America,
the women who use Vogue. A whole year of Vogue
costs $4.00 an insignificant part of your waste on a badly
selected hat or gown. But you don't even have to subscribe.

Alongside is a column of "Vogue for the Coming Year."
Just check with a pencil the numbers that interest you most,
hand the list to your newsdealer. He will be glad to see
that you get them as soon as they are out.

TRY IT FOR YOURSELF

Before ordering, even for a short
period, you may prefer first to
ma\t Vogue, prove that it will more
than pay itself. Try two or three
numbers. Here is the coupon.
Check, in numbers you want. Tear
out. Hand it to your newsdealer.

Tear Along This Line

Mr. Newsdealer :

Please reserve for me the Special Early Spring
Fashion numbers of Vogue checked below.
Also such additional numbers as I have checked
in "Vogue for the Coming Year."

I I SMART FASHIONS Feb. lt

| I FORECAST OF SPRING FASHIONS Feb. ISth

! ! SPRING PATTERNS .... March 1st

I | DRESS MAT. AND TRIMMING March 15th

Name and Address

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

156

HOUSE AND GARDEN |

FEBRUARY, 1913.

IN calling this conservatory
"ideal," we have particularly in
mind three things :
First there's its attractiveness
its charming simplicity.

Second there's the idea itself
the delightful placing of the conserv-
atory on the sunny end of the break-
fast room.

Imagine the keen pleasure it must
be to sip one's coffee and crunch
crackley toast on a winter's morn-

ing midst a flood of sunshine and
surrounded by cheering blooms.

Anyone who cannot enthuse over
such ideal breakfasting conditions is
indeed stolid.

The third reason for this conserv-
atory being "ideal" is the construc-
tion.

It's the U-Bar.

No other construction is construct-
ed like it.

Being airy and free from heavy
framework, it is particularly adapta-
ble for conservatory treatments.

It may cost a bit more than other
constructions but it's worth it. In
comparing it with other constructions
you will readily recognize the worth
of the difference.

Our catalog both explains and
shows why the U-Bar is the ideal
construction for either greenhouses
or conservatories. Send for it.

U-BAR GREENHOUSES

PIER50N U-BAR CO i MADISON AVE.N.Y

CANADIAN OFFICE-10 PHILLIPS PLACE MONTREAL

SYRACUSE CHINA

Where luxury and necessity are

combined in table service. Write

ONONDACA POTTERY COMPANY, SYRACUSE, N. Y.

FLOOR VARNISH

PRATT & LAMBERT VARNISHES

Paint Without Oil

Remarkable Discovery That Cuts Down the

Cost of Paint Seventy-Five

Per Cent.

A Free Trial Package is Mailed to Everyone
Who Writes.

A. L. Rice, a prominent mamifacturer of Adams, N. Y.,
has discovered a process of making a new kind of paint
without the use of oil. He calls it Powdrpaint. It comes
in the form of a dry powder and all that is required is
cold water to make a paint weather proof, fire proof and
as durable as oil paint. It adheres to any surface, wood,
stone or brick, spreads and looks like oil paint and costs
about one-fourth as much.

Write to Mr. A. L. Rice, Manuf 'r, 43 North St., Adams,
N. Y., and he will send you a free trial package, also
color card and full information showing you how you can
save a good many dollars. Write to-day.

In writing to advertisers fletse mention HOUSE AND GARDIH.

The Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., of Rochester, N. Y,,
will send, on request, their new catalog, which describes the

BAUSCH & LOMB-ZEISS T gg R

and other photographic lenses. This catalog ia an en-
cyclopedia of photography.

V MARCH

3 a year

ADVANCE PREPARATIONS FOR THE GARDEN
Furnishing the Guest Room -Adventures in an Orcha

Outfitting the Kitchen - Making Maple Sugai

^ T r- /* r

Utttle Pook gpbout

y/ Catalog and more

is the most helpful and inspiring the most beautiful
hook of its kind ever published.

It is sent free to intending purchasers to anyone,
\vithoutobligation to purchase, for loc in coin or stamps.

A TRIBUTE

"/ lim'c ahvays blessed t-he
tiny TI'/JI-;/ / .wti 1 in 'Country
Life' the modest advertisement
of '.-I l.itlie Hook About Roses.'
J-ire or .v/.r years ago il was,
fin! the results of that introduc-
tion lo you hafe added beauty
ami Iiappiness to ei'cry year.''

GEORGE H. PETERSON

Rose and Peony
Specialist

Box 30, FAIR LAWN, NEW JERSEY

:r!trtions here Kivfti,
I chite of <mr tiAK-
I'LANTIXG CAL-
jw liuw we aim to
int'oi million
en of .Mr. (ienrge T.

ays on tlie riylit day.

;md for 3G5 days of tin

THINS WHAT THIS MEANS TO YOU.
With an order for a 5-lb. tog of MAK-ORO
ODORLESS 1'I.A.NT KCIOD at $1.011 "r with il
lUO-iioiind liau of EAKLY-CUOI
FERTILIZER at $3.75. we will be glad to send
you a copy of this unkuie and Artistic Calend

Saturate part of a clean Blotter with ink Let it dry thoroughly
Pour water on it Notice how the dry ink re-rlissolves and runs into
the freshly-moistened fibers of the still clean part of the Hotter. This
will suggest how, in like manner, the grains of our EARLY-CROP

ODORLESS FERTILIZER

growth

mcnt.

We want to send you our De-
scriptive Booklet on the subject,
so that, being convinced of the
value of our product, you will be
prepared to try it out in your Gar-
den and Planting Operations this
year. FOR ALL GROWING THINGS.
Among the dozen or more Book-
lets by Mr. George T. Powell on
Gardening and kindred subjects,
which we intend for extensive
distribution, may be several you
rm'fdit want. SEND FOR THE LIST.

ODORLESS

SPECIALLY PREPARED POR
THE SMALLER OI'tHATIONS
OF THE HOME AND GARDEN

CONSUMERS FERTILIZER COMPANY, L N Tw"V<5'& | u ;!f Y F

B. HAMMOND TRACY

ANNOUNCES

Cedar Acres Gladioli

AWARDS FOR 1912

Silver Cup of Na' ional Gladiolus Society
and Diploma of Honor awarded in Lon-
don May 24th by Royal International
Horticultural Society.

Gold Medal of Massachusetts Horticul-
tural Society awarded for advancement
in culture and uses September 1 3th.

Gold Medal of Societa Orticola of
Varese, Italy, awarded September.

These awards speak for the superiority of
"Cedar Acres" Gladioli

ANNIVERSARY OFFER

Dawn (Tracy's;, Shell Pink Liberty Bright Red
Princess, Scarlet
Royale, Purple
Sunrise, Yellow
Wild Rose, Light Pink
Willy Wigman, Cream
with Crimson blotch

Maize, Corn color

Mrs. James H. Lancashire

Cream

McAlpin, Rose
Niagara, Buff
Golden Queen, Cream

Tinted Yellow

One each of the twelve named varieties for $2.00, two each
for $3.50, six each tor $10.00 prepaid.

My Tenth Anniversary catalogue is free for the asking and tells
you how you should grow and use

BULBS THAT

Box E

BLOOM

WENHAM, MASS.

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

Beauty and Economy

A "Tapestry" Brick House is the most beau-
tiful and distinctive that can be built.

Do you realize its low cost and economy? It
is really cheaper than wood.

"Tapestry" Brick never needs painting, is
cooler in summer, warmer in winter, saves
25^ of your heating bills, is safer from fire,
saves on insurance and makes your entire
property more salable.

Learn the facts. Send for these books, specify which

The Cost of a House. A comparison in figures between
brick, wood, cement and hollow-block construction. Free.
"Tapestry" Brickwork. Describing brick architecture of
all ages, with new illustrations in seven colors. This book
is constantly used for reference by leading architects. Free.
"Tapestry" Brick Fireplaces. Shows many new designs in
the most economical and beautiful fireplace material in
the world. Prices from $15.00 up. Free.
A House of Brick for $10,000. 41 house designs. 250.
A House of Brick of Moderate Cost. 71 designs, soc.
One Hundred Bungalows. 500.

All these designs are from leading architects' offices, and
include prize designs from nation-wide competitions.

FISKE C& COMPANY, Inc.

1855 Arena Building New York

Trade Mark Regd. in U. S. Pat. Off. and Canada

The most artistic and permanent
building material in the world

// it isn't FISKE'S
it isn't "Tapestry"

158

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

Pennsylvania Station, New York, from which trains run to Long Island Points.

Long Island Offers a \Vealth of
Opportunities for the Homeseeker

YOU can't "talk suburban homes" without mentioning Long Island. It is the HOMELAND on the tongue ol
everyone who loves all that the name HOME implies. When you go to Long Island you're not a pioneer-
thousands of homeseekers have blazed the trail; have settled there in congenial communities, established
schools and churches, organized clubs for men and women; beautified the surroundings, caused stores of every
description to be built. You're not going to a land of promise, isolated from the world's greatest amusement and
business center. The transit facilities, like the improvements in each town, are there now. No one, seeing, denies
the wonderful superiority of Long Island overall other suburban districts in climatic conditions, due to salt-water
surroundings, the healthfulness resulting, its unique and endless variety of sports or recreations, its perfect roads, and
physical advantages.

The Long Island Railroad has spent millions of dollars to facilitate traveling, installing electric service, modern
station buildings, and tunneling under the East river to the center of Manhattan, to the colossal $100,000,000
Pennsylvania Station, Seventh Avenue and Thirty -second Street.

Unlike other suburban sections that offer but one "lay of the land" for homeseekers to choose from, Long
Island offers many, embodying hills, valleys, plains, farmland and the shores of beautiful bays, lakes, Sound and
the mighty and majestic Atlantic Ocean. Think of it! Any condition and setting for a suburban home less
than an hour away from the greatest city in the world. There is nothing like it, nothing to compare with the
advantages offered homeseekers to locate on Long Island. Go there NOW to live. Have an early choice of its
beauties, its investments, its opportunities for health, pleasure and profit; for the summer or for the year around

A book has been written, profusely illustrated, showing this wonderful diversity of hills and
plains, lakes, meadows, the wealth of water privileges (like nothing else in the world), its
summer resorts and its wonderful climate. The book is for you. Do not turn aside from
Long Island until you have written to the General Passenger Agent, Long Island Railroad,
Room 371, Pennsylvania Station, New York, enclosing ten cents postage for your copy.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

What Long Island Offers the Home Seeker

BY A. W . DEAN

The beach at Long Beach offers wonderful opportunities for surf bathing and a
climate pleasing the year round

TEN years ago Long
Island was little
known outside Brooklyn,
even to New Yorkers. It
was considered inaccessi-
ble and regarded as a mix-
ture of waste land and
flimsy summer cottages.
To-day the Long Island
service is extended to the
remotest ends of this one
hundred and thirty mile
strip of land. It has add-
ed electrified roads, so that distances beyond thirty miles from
the city are brought within commuting accessibility available for
almost everyone. As a vital factor in the life of our largest city,
Long Island is of great import. From the census of 1900 to our
last one the population of the five boroughs of New York City has
increased thirty-nine
per cent, or over a
million and a third, a
greater percentage in-
crease than ever oc-
curred before. Man-
hattan is greatly con-
gested, and has but a
limited opportunity
for extension. In the
days of Malthus, wise
heads would be dubi-
ously shaken when
the future of the city
was considered. But
the rediscovery of
Long Island has made
it a factor in not only
increasing the possi-
bilities for better
homes, but also add-
ing to the daily sup-
plies of food stuffs.
The Island is unique
in the number and di-
versity of its oppor-
tunities. Its impor-
tance may be judged

when it is considered that
its population equals that
of New Jersey, and is
over double that of Con-
necticut. Yet all this
great section has been so
closely connected by a net-
work of railroads that
practically two-thirds of
its extent is within easy
commuting distance of
the city. Along the roll-
ing hills of the north,
with the beautiful harbors, home sections of all sorts are in touch
with the city. The farms in the center of the Island are able to
bring in their products as quickly as if they were on the immediate
borders of the metropolis. The anomaly of a seaside home in
connection with the city is changed here. For there are many

dwellers at the ocean
edge who are as close
to the heart of New
York City as though
they lived in uptown
Manhattan.

As the Long Island
road is about to open
a new electrified
branch of its service
to Port Washington,
it seems fitting that
some of the manifold
opportunities of this
section be spoken of,
and that the great as-
sistance to metropol-
itan congestion might
here be shown. No-
ticing the map on this
page, it will be seen
that electric roads run
from the Pennsylva-
nia Terminal to Port
Washington, to Mine-
ola, to Long Beach,

This map of the Long Island Railroad shows how the system has been extended and its
efficiency increased by electrification. The projected roads that will open up all this
territory within the near future are indicated in the key

and to Far Rockaway.
Later the work that

Laurelton shows well-shaded streets and pleasing lawns that are without
the appearance of bare newness

At Wampage Shores near Port Washington there are interesting drive-
ways and pleasing buildings of a good type

(159)

i6o

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

PANORAMIC VIEW OF THE ESTATES OF GREAT NECK

PROSPERITY SIGNIFIES EFFICIENCY

Believing that one of the surest evidences of efficient service is
found in the record of a steady and healthful growth, the McKnight
Realty Company desires to present to its friends and prospective
clients a few statistics concerning the Estates of Great Neck, a
carefully restricted, select and congenial neighborhood in a self-
ruling community. Distance from Pennsylvania terminal, 16 miles;
express time now 29 minutes; a cozy golf club (with a loo-acre
golf course) as a social center; half a mile of waterfront, with a
safe harbor and a splendid bathing beach; no assessments; winding,

THE MCKNIGHT REALTY co.

macadamized drives; beautiful old trees; a diversity of architecture
and yet very reasonable in price.

Here is the atmosphere and charm of your Old Family Home,
with the advantage of being able to indulge in your favorite sports
by merely putting on your hat and walking out of the house. An
ideal place for the children, who eventually would commend your
foresight in purchasing a home in such an environment.

Write for our descriptive magazine telling about the wonderful
development of Long Island.

Tel. 3620 Madison Sq.

347 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

FOR SALE OR RENT

Orange County, N. Y.

2j4 miles from Monroe station
Attractively furnished

Gentleman's Country Home

with 8 acres, beautifully wooded
High elevation magnificent views
House contains 8 rooms, large liv-
ing room with massive fireplace,
extensive verandas; stable, garage

Price (furnished) $i 1,000
WILLIAM A. LAMBERT, Owner
99 Nassau Street, New York

Complete Country Home

with chickens, cow barn and stable or
garage, in

Great Neck's

most exclusive section. Two acres of
ground, with garden and tennis court.
House stucco, adapted to year round
residence. Five master's bedrooms, 2
baths, and quarters for 3 servants
with bath. Large rooms on ground
floor. Southern exposure and attract-
ive location. Price $25,000. Best
value in GREAT NECK to-day.
Come and see it and judge for your-
self. Also other desirable properties
at Great Neck for sale and to rent.

John Robertson Hoyt
516 5th Avenue New York City

'FIELDSTON'

Riverdale-on=Hudson

Provides the opportunity to pur-
chase residential plots or houses amid
agreeable surroundings, with all im-
provements supplied.

COUNTRY HOMES IN NEW YORK CITY

^ Reached in 35 minutes from 42d
Street, by automobile, by subway to
Van Cortlandt, or by New York Cen-
tral trains, both divisions.

Booklet B and circular on application,

DELAFIELD ESTATE INC.

27 CEDAR STREET

Telephone John 277 New York City

HIGH-CLASS WATER FRONT

North Sbore, Long Island, within commuting zone, 90
acres, picturesque, rolling land, y 2 under cultivation
balance fine woodland. 50 feet elevation, 1,000 feet of
white sandy lieach, unobstructed views of I!av and
Sound. Excellent estate property. Will divide. ' I'rice
$SOO per acre. For further particulars applv to
THEODORE S. HALL, No. 3 Park Row, New York
SpeciaJist in Long Island water fronts,
farms, acreage and country homes.

Satisfaction

A home that combines
the advantages of delight-
ful country surroundings,
accessibility to the water and
a pleasant social environment,
leaves little more to ask for.

(flrentoolbe

Great Neck, Long Island

includes all these advantages in an exclusive
residential colony with every modern conven-
ience near New York.

Its location on the waterfront anpeals espe-
cially to the yachtsman who will find safe
anchorage to accommodate any pleasure craft
and the whole of Long Island Sound in which
to cruise and race. The casino with spacious
living room, dining hall, bathing apartments,
wide verandas, etc., reserved exclusively for
residents of the colony will be the natural cen-
ter of all social activities.

The plots are generous in size, unique in
shape and outlook and lend themselves readily
to individual treatment in landscaping and archi-
tecture.

It is essential that purchasers be creditably
known to owners. You would enjoy a run out to
GRENWOLDE. Full directions, road maps and
detailed information sent you for the asking.

PAUL V. SHIELDS

286 Fifth Avenue, New York

Telephone, 1926 Madison Square

/ writing to advertisers please mention Housi AND GARDEN.

MARCH. 1913

HOUSE

AND

161

The home of Mr. Carleton Macy at Hewlett, Long Island, a section
that has become noted for the good architecture of its homes

A stucco house at Long Beach that is representative of the high class
dwellings being erected there

has already been started will open up the
branch to Oyster Bay, then the branch
from Lynbrook to Babylon, and finally
that from Floral Park to Morthport. So
that all this section will be within an hour
of the heart of New York. Let us note
the characteristics of sections in order to
show that this great district renders avail-
able a country home to the city man of all
degrees of cost and kind, from the great
estate to the suburb proper, and from the
residential section to broad farm land.

There are various places within the
metropolitan district suburban in charac-
ter. Flushing is on the north shore on
the Sound, a district of well-shaded
streets. It was once an old, Dutch vil-
lage, and has the look of a settled commu-
nity. On another branch the electric trains
of the railroad reach Forest Hills, Kew,
Richmond Hill, Jamaica, and farthest out,
Garden City, which, however, is only
eighteen miles away. After what appears
hardly any time at all, the train from Xew
York comes from the tunnel and stops at
Forest Hills, where under the direction
of the Sage Foundation a model settle-
ment is being erected. The best precedents of European rural
architecture have been followed, and the latest advances in build-
ing and sanitation and lighting have been adapted. Kew and

On the Estates of Great Neck there is beauti-
ful woodland as well as water front property

Richmond Hill also have homes that are
architecturally beautiful and at generous
spacing. And even on the edge of Jamai-
ca the homes are placed as in a wide roll-
ing park. Another branch of the railroad
goes to seashore homes, but at about the
same distance from New York. Here in
sight of the sea, but with woodland roads
and landscaped lawns, some of our best
country house architecture may be found
at Hewlett, Woodmere, Cedarhurst, Law-
rence, and Far Rockaway. And on an-
other spur of the same division the road
goes to Long Beach, where a cottage
settlement has been built about a great
hotel facing the sea. These sections men-
tioned have all been built up according to
the best ideals, and afford country homes
at a great range in prices.

Going along the north shore by way of
the new Port Washington division, one
enters the district of great estates border-
ing on the Sound. In this district devel-
opment companies have rendered homes
that are estates to individuals. For the
corporation is enabled to accomplish just
what the individual of large means is able

to do for himself, and in reality the homes here have all the ad-
vantages of landed estates. The most distant on this division
will be within about thirtv minutes of the heart of New York.

The home of John R. Hoyt in the Great Neck district of easy approach
on the newly electrified line

Great care was taken in the Estates of Great Neck in the layout of fine,
curving driveways and interesting landscaping

1 62

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

Prepare for the Hot Days of Next Summer NOW!

Do not wait until too late. Own a pretty Seashore Home at

SALTAIRE

<&n fire inland 25eacl). l)c Rummer 2$ungatoto Colonp &p tfyt
and groun&g from $1800 to $2500 on eagp tejcmg.

At SALTAIRE you can own a pretty bungalow, right on the
Ocean, at no more expense than your bills
of hotels and boarding houses amount to.

At SALTAIRE the broad expanse of the great Atlantic
Ocean is in front of your porch; the yj
South Bay is your back yard; the New York
State Park to your right; SALTAIRE Har-
bor to your left.

At SALTAIRE there is no better bathing, fishing, boating
and hunting to be had anywhere.

At SALTAIRE the nights are cool and restful and the
salt-laden atmosphere is invigorating.

At SALTAIRE you can rest free from the tyranny of
social requirements.

' s n i ne 'y minutes from New York by ex-
press trains and fast steamers.
Seashore property near New York is the
best investment today.

Write or phone for booklet H.

FIRE ISLAND BEACH DEVELOPMENT CO.

Phone 1697 Greeley
Marbridge Bldg., B'way &. 34th St., New York

IN THE HEART OF THE ROCKIES
BEAVERHEAD VALLEY, MONTANA

"THE LAND OF LEWIS AND CLARK"

A completely equipped ranch of 3060 acres, suitable for either cattle, sheep or farming. Six miles from town
and shipping point. House, garage, barns. In a big game country where fishing and hunting are unsur-
passed. $55 an acre, including 2000 acres leased land and equipment.
Write for booklet, "The Land of Lewis and Clark." Ranches from 200 to 4000 acres $15 to $100 an acre.

CRITTENDEN-CHAPMAN CO., Dillon, Montana

REAL COUNTRY LIFE AT
HILLSDALE, N. J.

Twenty-three miles out. Two blocks from
station. A New House, commanding beauti-
ful views of rolling, wooded country from its
wide, spacious piazzas. On large plot of
ground. Seven rooms and bath finished in
white enamel and mahogany ; huge open fire-
place in living-room; house well heated
throughout; large roomy attic capable of
being finished to provide two more rooms.
Exceptionally easy terms. Owner, GEORGE
C. LARGE, Hillsdale, N. J.

A HOME /N THE HIGH LANDS OF
NEW JERSEY

RAYMOND B. THOMPSON |

OR CHESTER MONTGOMERY?/!

A Water Front

At GREENWICH, CONN.

NEW house in SELECT location. Plenty of bed-
rooms and baths. Beautiful grounds and unusual
combination of water and shade trees. A perfect
gem. Fairly nestling in its handsome setting.

Apply to us for especially fine properties
SMITH BUILDING Telephone 866

GREENWICH

Noted for its country homes. Its clean,
all-electric service on the N. Y., N. H.
& H. Ry. ; its splendid altitudes; its
beautiful landscape views, and its health-
fulness. Rentals, from $600 a year upward.
Some attractive propositions for pur-
chasers in both improved and unim-
proved lands. Consult

FRANKLIN "EDSON

REAL ESTATE AGENCY
j| Tel. 876 GREENWICH, CONN. [j =U

I Specialize in Shore Fronts
on Long Island. Have over 100
parcels on my lists, ranging from
$200 per acre upward. All Per-
sonally Inspected. For fullest
particulars, address :

WILLIAM L. GERARD

Huntington,
Long Island

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

This is characterized by the
Estates of Great Neck. The chief
developments are along the Sound,
and with the various beautiful
harbors afford unusual opportuni-
ties for sailing and bathing. The
enjoyment of these pleasures is
greatly assisted by some of the
best-appointed country clubs in
the East. Continuing further
along the coast, but on the Oyster
Bay division, the towns of Roslyn,
Glenhead, Glen Cove, Locust Val-
ley and Oyster Bay
arc passed through. r -
The general charac-
teristics of these sec-
tions are quite like
that of the previous
one. Magnificent
homes of individuals
adjoining the beauti-
ful developments of
property where the
landscaper's art has
vied with the profi-
ciency of the engineer
in making the district
livable and attractive.

On the Port Jeffer-
son division, which

runs from Jamaica via Hicksville to Northport, are the towns of
Cold Spring Harbor, Huntington and Northport, and within
commuting distance of the city all the year round. All this dis-
trict enumerated is covered with a network of wonderful roads
that wind up hill and down dale, through woodland and forest,
giving the traveler the impression of being miles from city streets.
It only takes a few minutes by machine to turn inland from the
railroad and to reach the rolling farms or estates of the country
gentlemen.

The south shore is flatter, and the major part of its inhabited
coast line fronts upon the Great South Bay. Rockville Center,
Freeport and Amityville have, near the railroad, the more modest
homes, and within automobile distance the acres of the wealthy.
In the neighborhood of Babylon and Bayshore, about an hour out
from town, is Brightwaters, where the home-seeker may choose a
water frontage, a site on the .pretty lake a little further inland or
the pine woods beyond. As one goes still further eastward to
Islip, Great River and Oakdale, one reaches another section of

Along the crest of the beach at Saltaire bungalows of an inter-
esting character have been constructed

The long board walk that passes most of the Saltaire houses connects the Great South Bay

with the ocean beach

pretty parks and expensive prop-
erties of wealthy individuals. Be-
yond on this southern side comes
a section of beautiful summer
homes at Blue Point and Bell-
port, Westhampton, Quogue,
Southampton and Easthampton.
Westhampton is delightful in that
the bay and the ocean are both
easily accessible, and this town
with Quogue and the other
Hamptons is in the famous Shin-
necock Hill district, where rolling
dunes approximate
Surrey scenery. The
strip of sandy beach
that separates the
Great South Bay
from the ocean is
now being developed
as a summer section,
and kept in touch
with the railroad by
a fast launch service.
Here at Saltaire a re-
c e n t discovery of
science will turn the
power of the waves
into electric current.
Between these two
varied coast districts

that offer beautiful home sites lies the Middle Island. Out from
Jamaica in the neighborhood of Westbury are the large, expen-
sive homes of those whose chief interest is in horsemanship and
stock raising. A little further beyond, at Hicksville and Farm-
ingdale, are large truck farms that are in daily touch with the
city. The section beyond this in the center of the Island was
formerly considered waste land. But under the efforts of the
President of the Long Island Railroad, an Experiment Station
was started at Medford and another at Wading River, farther
out. The result of several years has been to show that all this
area is exceedingly suited to cultivation. Indeed, it was discov-
ered that three hundred and eighty varieties of plant growth
could flourish here. And as the first Station was placed on the
worst ten acres that could be found, the conclusions are not at
all over-estimated. Vegetables of all sorts and exceedingly fine
quality have been marketed from these Stations, and as the ex-
pense for clearing the land can, in many cases, be met by the sale
of the cord wood, there are exceedingly good opportunities for

A bungalow at Belle Terre in its woodland section. Other prop-
erties command a broad sweep over the Sound

Jamaica Estates is within the metropolitan district, but boasts an interesting
character of rural homes

:6 4

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

Huntington Harbor

Miniature estate consisting of
about 8 acres in gardens, orchard
and lawns, beautifully shaded and
extending to water. Fine old house
of 12 rooms and 2 baths in splendid
condition. A tenant house for gar-
dener or coachman is offered for
sale at a very attractive figure.
For particulars address

William L. Gerard

Huntington, Long Island

COME T O-

THE BERKSHIRE HILLS
LIFE'S WORTH LIVING UP HERE

High altitude, dry air, good water, and a
beautiful country. I sell Farms, Estates.
Homes and Manufacturing Sites. All
kinds and prices. Let me know what kind
of property you are looking for.

I'll send illustrated booklet.

GEO. H. COOPER, Pittsfield, Mass.

Room 210 Agricultural Bank Buildioi

VERMONT

An attractive twenty-room brick house with
barn (wood) on one-half acre of land located
in one of the most desirable neighborhoods of
Bennington, Vt.

Ninety-foot tiled piazza, porte-cochere, per-
gola, electric lights, gas for cooking, laundry,
three bath rooms, steam heat, two fireplaces
and excellent running water.

House cv/st over $25,000. Can be bought for
half that price.

Address Lock Box P, Bennington, Vt.,
for further particulars.

A CHARMING BUNGALOW

Shon , * Long Islan tl t one hour out, beautifully
i on eleva ted plot, 100 x 150, overlooking Sound

white, sandy beach affords ideal bathing, select nelgh^
borbood, near 2 Yacht Clubs, always wol and a most
location. The bungalow commands sweeping
r views, has 6 rooms, open fire-place, artesian
TV 'Improvements, large veranda. Price $S,!)00.
nS?nrSS!2 and furtl 'er information from
THEODORE S. HALL, No. 3 Park Row, New York

At Short Hills, N.J. w ^'^

utes from downtown New York and four
minutes from station. House just com-
pleted, ready for occupancy. Three tiled
bathrooms, five masters' and two maids'
bedrooms, sleeping porch, large living
room, dining room, pantry and maids'
dining room, enclosed and heated ve-
randa suitable for conservatory. House
has sewer to tide water, gas, electric
light and water connections. Streets are
macadamized, lighted, with fire and po-
lice protection. No improvement assess-
ments. Substantial concession made for
prompt purchase; terms reasonable. For
fuller information address

Roche, Craig & Wiley """.J.rit'iX^V;

(EQqemont dfostate
TUJTcantfalc Station

The ideil realization of out-of-town living
For delightful all-jear residence
Commanding outlooks and healthful atmosphere
All improvements; half hoin electric trains

J.Warren Thoyer, $r
Scarjdale .503 Fift

tewYork New York City.

VILLAGE FARM FOR SALE IN MASS.

An unusual opportunity. Seven and one-half acres on
main street, near stores and churches. Good colonial
house, newly renovated, papered, painted. Steam heat,
pure mountain water supplied by town. Bath-room
complete; four fine bedrooms and servant's room, two
parlors, large dining room, pantries, kitchen. Large barn.
Orchard, berries, big asparagus bed, grapes, etc. Valu-
able all-year home. Northfield. Mass, Price, $6500
Room 1607 A t 31 Union Square New York, N. Y.

FARMS

Virginia and Maryland

Colonial Homo, tidewater properties, dairy, fruit and stock
Farms, Came Preserves and Investments. All sizes and
prices. Catalogue Free.

J. W. LATHAM
1420 New York Avenue, Washington, D. C.

Are You Looking for a
Country Place ?

Have You a Place For Sale ?

In writing state in as much de-
tail as possible just what is re-
quired, or just what you have,
and address the

Manager of the Real Estate
Bureau, House & Garden

Union Square

New York

Princeton

A residential town of beauty and
refinement. Handsome homes with
delightful surroundings. Midway be-
tween New York and Philadelphia
express train service.

Rentals, $300 to $6,000 a year. Com-
pletely furnished homes also for rent.

Furnished and unfurnished properties for sale or
rent in other desirable localities.

WALTER B. HOWE, Princeton, N. J.

New York Office, 56 Cedar Street

pton, I.. I. Two MUri Irani Hlla B e

ON TIIF W>KS, K: _. B ^

High, open position, between ocean and Georgia Lake,
viewing wide and beautiful panorama. 10 rooms. 2
baths, m prime condition; open fires, town water. Ser-
vant's annex, and stable (at foot of dunes). Sailing
and bathing. Five acres.

FOR SALE OR RENT F. M. NKWTON. Harvard Club, N. Y.

HOOD RIVER

twenty-five acres in the heart of Oregon and the world's
peerless fruit valley. Marvelously productive, healthful
and scenic, purest mountain water. Sixteen acres in ap-
ples; i in pears, best commercial varieties; 6 acres in
virgin woodland; i acre hay land; small water power. New
barn. 5-room house, beautiful 3-year-old mare colt; berries.
Complete equipment. Cultured neighbors; modern con-
veniences. Portland (250,000) 65 miles west; 2 trans-
continental railroads. Descriptive circular on reauest.
Russell G. Pond, Parkdale, Ore.

"SUNSET HILL"

a beautiful country home at Northport, Long Island,
overlooking Harbor and Sound. $ l / 2 acres. Large
dwelling, 14 rooms, all improvements: barn, garage,
garden, fruit and shade trees. For sale or rent, fur-
nished or unfurnished.

HENRY S. MOTT, Owner

80 Maiden Lane, N. Y. C., orJNorthport, N. V.

ILLUSTRATION showing a repro-
duction of an exquisitely carved
English Oak Linen chest executed at
our shops.

Art furniture of the highest qual-
ity and worked by hand made from
original designs and to your exclusive
order.

We will, upon inquiry, forward
booklet illustrating various examples
of the high quality of our work.

THE ART JOINERY CO.

Seventh and Main Sts., Cincinnati, O.

In uriling to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

MARCH. 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

165

Roslyn Estates on the North Shore is spoken of as a colony of private estates, and is one of the interesting inland sections, graced by t pes

of architecture of exceedingly good types

fanning here. This activity un-
der the direction of Mr. Fuller-
ton has gone to prove that this in-
land section, not only the sandy
strip, but the scrub oak places, is
particularly fitted to become an
agricultural district with fine
transportation and exceedingly
advantageous physical and soil
conditions. This district extends
from the pretty inland lake of
Ronkonkoma out to the beautiful
clear-water bays of Great and Lit-
tle Peconic, Shelter Island Sound
and Gardener's Bay.

This brief geographical descrip-
tion should go to show that with-
in a comparatively small area there are conditions which do not
exist in any other single section. Beauties of scenery, rural and
suburban homes of all sorts, profitable farming opportunities,
poultry farms whose location gives them advantage over their
rivals, pleasures of Sound and Bay and Ocean, and all this ren-
dered so accessible that the entire district has almost been brought
within the metropolitan boundaries.

When the projected electrified roads are completed, this condi-
tion will be improved still more. And it will render New York
unique as a city. For although some suburban sections are older
and more finished, they do not offer anything like the diversity of

The land is high at Northport
Sunset Hill a view of

attraction to be found here. And
one feature of the growth that is
very satisfactory to consider is
that almost all the work that is
being done is of exceedingly high
class and made under the most
advanced ideas in building and en-
gineering. As the farm land be-
comes developed, Long Island
may find itself self-supporting for
its products, and besides able to
help solve some of the pressing
problems of living costs that op-
press the metropolis to-day.

In addition to these various ad-
vantages there is another factor of
attractiveness still to be mentioned
the social life. Many consider that rural or suburban districts
are dull places, lacking culture in the metropolitan sense. Noth-
ing could be further from the truth here. On Long Island has
grown up a new sort of American social life, that, as in England,
clings about outdoor sports. The various country clubs provide
interesting centers for gaiety that is by no means limited to the
summer colonies but flourishes in winter also. Some of these
clubs are as pretentious as the Piping Rock Club perhaps the
most perfectly appointed club house in the country, with a system
of bridle paths extending for seventy miles others more modest,
but each offering many diversions to a refined membership.

and from many places such as
the harbor is to be had

Shoreham is beyond Port Jefferson, with most of its houses built over-
looking a broad expanse of Sound

Brightwaters offers a variety of home sites on the South Bay and an
interesting section among the pines

i66

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH

. 1913 I

Windsor Castle
re used,
Private Grounds

'/ 'i /BARTER'S Tested English Seeds are the product of generations of careful
\^_J selection and scientific propagation. This gives them purity of stock
and a certainty of results not possible with seeds of less definite ancestry.

If you are interested in gardening, whether on a large estate or suburban plot, you will find the Carter
Catalog both valuable and interesting. Write for a Complimentary Copy. It lists many exclusive varieties
lowers, vegetables and grasses, as well as the standard kinds in Carter quality. The prices include deliv-
ery to you and are in American money.

Ca . rter & . Co " 9 f Raynes Park, London, who produce these seeds, are Seed Growers to His Majesty King
w, , SUpP Y S u nd p , lants to a11 the notable gardens of England. They have received scores of other
eluding that of the German Emperor which is very seldom given outside of the Kaiser's dominions.

Carter's Flower and Vegetable Seeds cost little, if any, more than the ordinary kinds. Results
iered, they are the most profitable you can use. Write today for your copy of the Catalog.

PATTERSON, WYLDE & COMPANY

Sole Agents of James Carter & Co. in United States and Canada
106 Chamber of Commerce Building, Boston, Mass.

Representative stocks carried in Boston and Toronto. Ontario

Carter's Tested Grass Seeds are used by more than 300 Golf Clubs in America and all
Championship Courses in the World, also by many large private estates for lawns.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

CONTENTS MARCH, 1913

VOL. XXIII

No. 3

CONTENTS DESIGN: PHOTOGRAPH BY MARY H. NORTHEND 167

FRONTISPIECE : PHOTOGRAPH BY JULIAN A. DIMOCK 168

THE VITAL FUNCTIONS OF LIGHT IN THE HOME 169

By F. Laurent 'Godinez

THE HUNDRED PER CENT GARDEN 172

By F. F. Rockwell

FURTHER ADVENTURES OF JOHN ANTHONY 174

By John Anthony

ORNAMENTAL TUB PLANTS 177

By Ida D. Bennett

THE HOSPITABLE GUEST ROOM 179

By Abbot McClure and Harold Donaldson Eberlein

THE PROPER USE OF DWARF AND STANDARD FRUIT TREES 182

By F. F. Rockwell

EQUIPPING THE KITCHEN

By Louise Shrimpton

185

1 88

THE EPICURE IN THE GARDEN

By Lucy H. Yates
WHEN THE SPRING RUN STARTS ix THE SUGAR BUSH 190

By William A. Vollmer

THE DESHLER RESIDENCE 194

Arthur Ware, Architect

INSIDE THE HOUSE 196

A Hanging Frame for the Jardiniere
Built-in Furniture
Some New Chintzes
Schemes for Hanging Baskets

GARDEN SUGGESTIONS AND QUERIES , 198

The Big Task for March
Get Ready for Outdoor Planting
Good Things for the Flower Garden
Proper Drainage and Irrigation

EDITORIAL . 200

MARCH ACTIVITIES IN SOUTHERN GARDENS.
By Julia Lester Dillon

216

McBRIDE, NAST y COMPANY,

Union Square North, New York

Robert M. McBride, President; Conde Nast, Vice-Presidnt; Henry H. Saylor, Treasurer. Published Monthly. 25 cents per copy; $3.00
per year. For Foreign Postage, add $1.00; Canadian, 50 cents. Entered as second-class matter at the Post-office, at -New York, N. Y.,

under act of March 3, 1879.

HENRY H. SAYLOR
Editor

WILLIAM A. VOLLMER
Managing Editor

in the country

ls more ' il comes at a time whe n there is little else to do

(168)

E E I S

IN U. . PAT1N7 OFFICE

VOLUME XXIII

March, 1913

NUMBER 3

The Vital Functions of Light in the Home

BY F. LAURENT GODINEZ

LDITOR s NOTE: Tins is the third paper by Mr. Godinez in which he gives the results of experimental research in the subject of home lighting. Previ,
subject of eye-strain and the avoidance of glare. This article illustrates types of satisfactory lighting, and gives practical demonstrations of what ma
a factor in decoration. The next and last article will explain by diagram ways of reproducing the suggestions given this month.

'ous articles dealt with the
ay be done to make light

IN selecting lighting glassware for
the home apply the acid test of
logic in practical form. Satisfy your-
self as to the physiological value of
your purchase. Is the glaring source
subdued ? Can one regard the lighted
globe without ocular discomfort ?
Then, from the esthetic viewpoint, is
it commonplace and ugly, or unusual
and attractive? As a part of your
decorative treatment, does it express
harmony ? In reply, the circumstan-
tial evidence of the glass-maker will
enable you, the judge, to make your
decision. And when you make it.
bear in mind that in the days of the
oil lamp, eye-strain from artificial
light was not so serious as it is to-day.
Eliminate the evil by restoring
those agreeable conditions. Make
your lighting glassware assist,
and select it with care and dis-
cretion.

The globe which has the prop-
erty, by diffusion, of concealing
the glaring tungsten lamp and
of suggesting the mellow, rest-
ful tones of the oil lamp, by color
density, is the one to use. Have
no fear as to its placement, or its
effect on visual functions. Even
on lighting fixtures hung so low
that their globes are constantly in
the visual field, it may be used to
correct injurious conditions.

Do not feel that light is wasted
in using dense globes which de-
crease source brilliancy and mod-
ify it as to color. The thing
which the illuminant manufac-
turer has done most satisfactor-
ily is the production of illumi-
nants which quantitatively are
economical, but it remains for
the user to make some of them
safe and adaptable to individual
requirements.

It is most interesting to note
that the globe which really meets
esthetic requirements can never

The lower rim of the lamp shade protects the reader's
eyes, but the light falls full on the page

The side wall is a desirable locale for decorative lighting
(169)

be productive of glare, since the
glaring splotch of light so offensively
distortive of detail is a vulgarity op-
posed to artistic expression in any
form. Hence in judging globes, rela-
tively, as a part of a decorative
whole, that which satisfies the esthet-
ic demand is quite likely to satisfy
the physiological. In regard to the
latter, Dr. Ellice M. Alger, a well-
known ophthalmologist, states, in
characterizing modern lighting :
"Most of our buildings, both public
and private, are glaring examples of
extravagant and inefficient lighting,
extravagant and inefficient because
they are not comfortable even to
sit in."

There is one other form of
light-source modification accom-
plished not by substituting new
glassware for old or by the pre-
scribed treatment of colored gel-
atine film, but it is available only
where gas is used. There has
been in this industry more prog-
ress in realizing and meeting the
demand for a "home" light,
which by its amber color sug-
gests the comfort of the oil lamp,
and makes the atmosphere of the
home at least expressive of re-
pose. It is therefore unneces-
sary for users of gas to apply
gelatine film as a light source
modifier unless they desire to do
so, since the amber-light incan-
descent gas-mantle, available
wherever standard manufactur-
ers' products are sold, gives a de-
lightfully soft and restful effect,
most soothing to that neglected
and abused human organ the
eye. In creating "atmosphere,"
however, by combining lighting
and decoration, either with gas
or electric illuminants, gelatine
film, available in all colors, af-
fords a medium productive of ir-
resistibly charming effects.

I/O

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

Having previously alluded to the significance of the side wall
as a desirable locale for the art lamp, it is of interest to take up
the infinite variety of decorative effects made possible by the in-
expensive mode of color modification by gelatine film.

Oftentimes the pink silk candle-shade which one buys under
daylight conditions because of its desirable color-contrast for a
certain background, when placed in position over its miniature
lamp and viewed by transmitted rays of artificial light, with
chameleon -like
perversity turns
white! Thi.; lit-
tle silk shade,
which by day
blends so charm-
ingly and incon-
spicuously with
its decorative sur-
roundings, b e -
comes offensively
predominant and
detracts from
their beauty by
night. To cor-
rect this condition
it is only neces-
sary to cut a
strip of pink gel-
atine film and in-
sert it in conical
form beneath the
offending shade.
Its own elasticity
will hold it in
place, and any
desired color in-
tensity may be ob-
tained. A deli-
cate pink, for ex-
ample, can be
changed to old
rose simply by su-
perimposing sev-
eral layers of the
film, gaining with
each layer a deep-
er color intensity.

Nor is the ap-
plication of this
willing medium
restricted to can-
dle shades for
wherever there is
a source of light,
be it a miniature
electric bulb or a
"junior" gas man-
tle, concealed in a
decorative urn, or
behind a trans-
parency, the gelatine film may be used to produce wonderful
effects, creating atmosphere and doing away with every trace of
garishness. These decorative touches of light in the. home, if
well done, are never tiresome, but of great inspiration, turning
the subconscious mind from material annoyances to pleasant
reveries.

Perhaps the best way to convey some impression of the esthetic
possibilities of artificial light will be to transport the reader to

A ceiling fixture of this sort accomplishes a genei
details in decoration and is pleasing to the eye.
through the glassware, but is bright enough to p

a studio equipped by the writer for the conducting of ex-
periments with the view of improving lighting conditions in the
average home. The work in this house experiment station has
as its fundamental object the presentation of lighting suggestions
in practical form, which will enable the average individual to
enjoy some of the great benefits and happiness which artificial
light can bestow.

The photograph on this page depicts an interior representing

in size the aver-
age living - room.
The lighting fix-
ture shown does
not represent any
particular manu-
facturer's prod-
uct, being of en-
tirely original de-
sign, but is typ-
ical of a success-
f u 1 method of
concealing the
light source and
at the same time
getting a soft dif-
fused light
throughout the
room. Such fix-
t u r e s may be
adapted to gas or
electricity.

Within the art
glass bowl of
dense Etruscan
opal a metal re-
flector is placed,
so as to direct
most of the light
rays emitted by
the source to the
ceiling, at such an
angle that when
re-directed down-
ward by the dif-
fusive action of
the ceiling, their
direction is such
that ocular com-
fort prevails at
every point in the
room.

The exterior of
this bowl is rich-
ly expressive of a
Florentine m o -
tive, in well-ren-
dered bas relief.
An amber tint
lends to the inte-
rior a light which,

while of sufficient intensity for all utilitarian purposes, does not
emphasize every wrinkle and facial blemish, like the unmodified
"white" source, but instead makes the hostess and her guests
appear; mutually to best advantage.

In reality this interior appears much brighter than is indicated
by the photograph, due to the extremely difficult conditions under
which it was taken, but it serves admirably to illustrate a
method of utilizing a center-ceiling light in a manner entirely

al illumination of the room that both brings out
Light is reflected from the ceiling and is diffused
:rmit reading in any part of the room

MARCH,

HOUSE AND GARDEN

171

agreeable to one's physiological and esthetic sensibilities. One
can read with comfort anywhere in the room, and the source
itself can be regarded fixedly without the least squinting, brow-
puckering or annoyance. Furthermore, the color of the light
from the decorator's standpoint is ideal suggesting the warmth
of the candle, so aptly termed "the sunshine of night." It is a
light which in revealing detail in decoration does so gracefully.
The harsh gold high lights of picture-frames or braziers are
softened, and the
cloisonne vase is
imbued with an
exquisite surface
"depth" enhanc-
ing its charm to
a very great de-
gree.

But even a
lighting unit so
versatile in its
function does not
alone meet all the
requirements o f
the living - room.
One's imagination
is stimulated by
variety in any
form. Unques-
tionably lighting
which nightly dis-
closes the same
placement of pic-
tures and decora-
tion, very much as
they appear un-
der well-modulat-
ed daylight con-
ditions, weakens
in its appeal as
does anything
which savors of
monotony. Quite
frequently the
light may dupli-
cate the attrac-
tions of the open
fireplace
"Where glowing
embers through
the room
Teach light to
counterfeit a
gloom."
For such light-
ing, rich in that
depth of shadow,
so essential to the
pictorial value of
an artistic interi-
or, the individual

On turning out the center light the brightness of the side wall fades, giving an atmosphere of repose
and a consequent apparent increase in space. The contrasting effects of the two systems may be
obtained by comparing this and the opposite illustration

The brightness of the side wall fades, and is replaced by a
mysterious veil of shadow beneath which the walls recede, giving
to the illusion a semblance of perspective which is decidedly at-
tractive. Old familiar objects are not quite so recognizable; their
subdued aspect adds a new charm, and everything in the room is
conducive to repose if the light is right.

The table lamp shown is one of many types. By virtue of its
high pedestal it distributes the light over a wide area. If a longer

exposure had
been made, the
floor would ap-
pear as bright as
the table top,
even to the door-
w a y , and in
choosing table
lamps it is well to
remember this
point the higher
the pedestal the
wider the area of
distributed light.
The limitation of
pedestal height is
indicated by the
upper photograph
on page 169,
showing how the
lower portion of
the art-glass-rim
cuts off the light,
so that the read-
er's eyes are in
shadow while the
page is adequately
lighted.

Some portable
lamps are so faul-
ty in construction
that the lamps
themselves are a
constant factor of
annoyance
to those seated
about the table.
In such cases it is
best to cover the
bottom of the
large art glass
shade with fine
linen, stretched by
lacing on a wire
hoop, which in
turn is secured
within the shade
rim by small
wires placed at in-
frequent intervals.
This diffusing
screen entirely hides the ugly unfinished mechanism of the lamp

table lamp, as shown in the illustration above, is most appropriate.

Bearing in mind that the photograph representing the general and enables a layer of amber film to be placed atop it, obtaining

lighting of the interior should really appear much brighter, the thereby the visual comfort of the oil lamp. Perhaps it may then

~ ... i*__i_i* ^j._ * ,,..,*.,,, 1 1* A .,,..,,, r- ,-..-, .r 4-j-i. -t-tf** 1 -i i-r*a IMI I TAO /"*r\fl C11 tn 1tlO" 3 ntt tTJ^ff* ft"! PfCTV

different effect of table lamp and ceiling light is quite typical.

In looking rapidly from left to right, some idea of the changed
appearance of the room may be gained. What actually transpires
when one turns out the upper and lights the lower lamp is first,
an apparent increase in space relation, and of distance in the room.

be necessary to use larger bulbs, consuming a bit more energy,
but in such extreme cases it is generally found more economical
to pay the difference to the lighting company than to the oculist.
And the cost of the extra light is not apt to be great.
(Continued on page 219)

THE HUNDRED PER CENT
GARDEN t

THE SECOND TWENTY PER CENT SOLVING THE PLANT FOOD PROBLEM-
NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL MANURES MOISTURE SAVED BY CULTIVATION

BY F. F. ROCKWELL

NOTE: Heretofore the home garden has been looked upon by many people as more or less of a hobby, and deserving only as much attention
as one usually gives to the pursuit of recreation. That it deserves to be taken up seriously, studied in all its details, and developed to the limit of
efficiency, is a new presentation of the subject. How to have the very best garden possible, on a business basis, is the theme of the present articles,
which take up carefully and practically one detail after another in natural succession, to the completion of the hundred per cent, garden. The first
twenty per cent, dealt with sowing seeds indoors and. appeared in February. The third twenty per cent, will deal with the sowing and planting of
hardy vegetables.

FERTILITY of the
soil is the secret of
success with the crops.
This is not to say that a
well fertilized garden will
necessarily mean that
your vegetables and flow-
ers are bound to do well
in it ; for your neighbor
over the fence who may
have been able to afford
only half the amount of
manure or fertilizer which
you use, but who has
taken more thorough care
of his crops, may be
able to outdo you when
the results come to be
counted. It does mean,
however, that if you have
put only enough plant
food into your soil to
produce a fifty per cent,
crop no amount of care
can make it yield a hundred or even a seventy-five per cent.
crop. So the second step to be taken in the direction of that one
hundred per cent, garden which we have decided to aim at is to
provide an adequately rich and thoroughly prepared soil.

The plant food problem, however, is by no means as simple as
it appears at first glance. Science put on its spectacles and after
many years of painstaking and careful research, discovered that
the growing bean, potato or peanut plant, in order to develop un-
checked, and bring its crop to maturity, must derive from the soil
a certain fractional part of a pound of this, that and the other
chemical elements and compounds. Why not then simply dump
enough of these things into the soil to produce a maximum crop
and think no more about it. The answer is not so simple as the
question, but unless one is willing to give at least a little time
and thought to it, he will not be proceeding upon the right track
to get the most out of his garden and as we have already in-
dicated, in these days of the high cost of food-stuffs, the efficient
garden is not a matter of pleasure or sentiment alone, but of
dollars and cents.

There are three plant foods, or nutritive elements which must
be furnished in definitely fixed proportions, if the plants are to

attain their maximum pos-
sible development. There
are several of minor im-
portance, but as these are
usually already contained
in the soil, in sufficient
amount, we need not con-
sider them here. The
three nutritive "elements"
are nitrogen, phosphoric
acid and potash. All soils
capable of supporting
plant life contain these,
but in varying degrees.
And that these are what
plant life feeds upon is
proved by the facts that
chemical analysis always
finds them in plant
growth, and that plants,
even trees, have been
grown for several genera-
tions in water with these
plant foods in it.
The first distinction we have to make in plant foods, is that
between available and unavailable, that is between foods which
contain the elements in such form that the plant may immediately
make use of them ; and foods which must undergo a change of
some sort before the elements in them can be taken up by the
plant, assimilated and turned into a healthy growth of foliage,
fruit or roots. It is just as possible for plants to starve in a soil
abounding in plant food if that food is not in available forms,
as it would be for you to go unnourished in the midst of soups
and meats, if the latter were packed up in cans which you had
no means of opening.

Plants must take up all their nourishment in the form "of solu-
tions, and very weak solutions. Their food must be taken through
innumerable and microscopic feeding rootlets, or pores, which
possess the power of absorbing moisture. Plant food to be avail-
able at all must first of all be soluble, and second, the elements
in it must be in such forms chemically that the plant can utilize
them. Experiments have proved, for instance, that they refuse
to take nitrogen in some forms, while in others they accept it
readily.
The number and the quality of the meals you will get from

The availability of plant foods depends on careful cultivation

(172)

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

173

your garden depends on the amount of moisture in the soil.

As all plant foods must be in a soluble form in order to be
available for plant use, there must be plenty of water to dissolve
the food and carry it up into the plant. Without sufficient
moisture in the soil, even though it is crammed full of plant
food, and even though this plant food is in the most available
forms, the crops will prove a
partial or a total failure. This
is a fact the importance of
which all agriculturists have
not yet fully realized. They
have insisted upon the neces-
sity of maintaining the "soil
mulch," in order to ''conserve"
the moisture in the soil, thus
preventing crop failures. But
they have not recognized the
still more vital problem of sup-
plying water to the soil by
artificial means, when, as is
very generally the case, the
season's rain-fall is insufficient
to produce one hundred per
cent, crops. It is often im-
possible to get good results
without irrigation, and this
matter, in which such great
improvements have been made
in the last few years, is of
such importance, that it will be
taken up more fully in a suc-
ceeding article, for it ought to be understood by every gardener.

Many people still believe that all one has to do to become a
prosperous, up-to-date and scientific farmer, is to go out with a
few hundred dollars and
buy a run-down New Eng-
land hillside, send a few
shoe-box-fulls of surface
soil to the nearest State
Experiment Station, to
analyze it and tell exactly
what it contains, purchase
the necessary number of
pounds of various agri-
cultural chemicals to make
up what the soil is found
to lack and then grow as
big crops as can be grown
anywhere. This theory
was the result of the first
scientific investigations of
the chemists in the field of
agriculture, when it was
held that the soil contains
within itself some availa-
ble plant food ; that crop
chemical analysis would
determine the exact
amount of the nitrogen,
phosphoric acid and
potash necessary. Then

we should add to the available plant foods already in the soil,
just enough more to make the resulting amount equal to the
quantities of the various elements used by the crop. Or, in other
words, available plant food elements in the soil plus available
chemical food elements supplied in fertilizers are equivalent to
the amounts of food elements found in matured crops.

Good results are won by mixing your own fertilizer. Break the chemicals
with a mallet and mix thoroughly

Here is a soil worked up correctly for absorbing moisture,
prints are sunk in its flaky softness

The discoverers of this pretty theory imagined that agriculture
would be revolutionized reduced to an exact science; and that
all former theories of husbandry and tillage would be thrown by
the heels together on the scrap heap. They imagined that science
had solved at one fell swoop all the world-old problems of agri-
culture. There was only one thing the matter with this theory

it did not work! The un-
welcome but obdurate fact re-
mained that a certain number
of pounds of nitrogen, phos-
phoric acid and potash about
thirty-three in a ton of good
manure would grow bigger
crops than would the same
number of pounds of the same
elements in a bag or two of
chemical fertilizers. But while
this theory failed as the basis
of an exact agricultural
science, it was a very big step
in the right direction.

As a solution of the prob-
lem, however, it was too sim-
ple. It did not take all of the
facts in the case into account.
It was found, for instance,
that adding lime or land-
plaster materials that had
practically no plant food in
them at all to certain crops,
\v o u 1 d produce vastly in-
creased yields. This was found to be due to the fact that while
such materials as lime did not add any actual plant food to the
soil, they did serve the purpose of converting plant food already

in the soil, but in un-
available form, into forms
that the plant could make
use of to open the cans
of food which had been
present, but sealed chem-
ically, in such forms that
the plant rootlets could
not acquire it.

Furthermore it was
found that these things
had a decided effect upon
the physical condition of
the soil : that they had the
paradoxical property of
loosening up heavy soils
so that water could drain
through them more readi-
ly : and of binding to-
gether light, sandy soils,
making them more amen-
able to cultivation. The
physical condition of the
soil, in fact, affects the
growth of crops very ma-
terially, in several ways.
In the first place, while
plants must have water, too much is just as harmful as too little.
The soil should be in such a condition, therefore, that any surplus
of water will drain through it readily. In the second place, the
leading root systems of plants must have air, but not too much;
without it they will actually smother, and with too much the
(Continued on page 222)

See how light foot-

T'Jl % fourth er ^ dd e# t ares ' -

HOW THE ADVENTURER AT ORCHARDING FOUGHT A BAD APPLE YEAR BY HARD WORK AND A PERFECTED
SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT THE ADVANTAGE OF IDEALS AND OPTIMISM TRIUMPH OF MODERN METHODS

BY JOHN ANTHONY
Author of "Adventures with an Apple Orchard"

EDITOR'S NOTE. Subscribers to HOUSE & GARDEN will recollect the account given last year by Mr. Anthony of^ how he acquired an apple orchard
and the success of his first year's efforts Another season has gone by and again lie has conquered further difficulties. The story of this second year
takes up new problems of vital interest to HOUSE & GARDEN readers.

FORTY-SEVEN years and one day after they had driven up
the hill- together, Hiram West and his wife departed with
all their belongings. I was left behind in complete possession, but
with such a sense of loneliness as I hope I may never feel again.
My foreman and myself, strangers in a strange land, were left
to work out our own salvation.

And now as I look back on the season's work, remembering
the physical toil and the
nervous tension of fighting
adverse weather conditions
for weeks at a stretch, I am
impelled to repeat the warn-
ing given last year :

"The country offers op-
portunity to the man who
wants to work and work
hard ; who wants to get up
in the morning with the birds
and go to bed long after they
are at rest; who is ready to
fill every minute of the many
hours with work and thought
and plans. This life is for
the man who doesn't like the
city because it thwarts him
in his wish to work, because
it does not give him the
chance to develop, to use his
energy."

I was busy eighteen hours
a day and worried for
twenty-four. But from a
semi-invalid I have become a strong man and know what it

When winter came on with a chance to look back upon the work, John
Anthony felt that his adventures had left him nearer success than ever

came into my life at the same time that faith and hope came back.
But the year was a queer mix-up of success and failure, of
certainty for the future and uncertainty for the present. The
weather hindered us in spraying, in picking, in shipping. It
badly injured the crop in quality and shortened the quantity. And
when this fruit, inferior to our usual standard, was sent to market
it ran foul of the low prices set by a country-wide bumper crop !

And yet, from the vantage
point of these months of
perspective, I know that
every item of the season's
events was for my future
good. The weather that
only injured my fruit, des-
troyed that in the uncared
for orchards in the neighbor-
hood, thus opening wide a
market hitherto unthought
of. For a portion of my
crop this local outlet is the
most profitable possible, as
there is no commission,
freight or package charge
against it. The lack of sun-
shine taught me more about
pruning than a dozen years
of favorable conditions could
have done, while even the
shortened crop was of ad-
vantage, for it gave me a

light season to get my or-
ganization into smooth run-
ning order in the anticipation of heavier ones. Last year I had

means to live ; from a nervous wreck the farm has developed a the apples but not the system. This year I had the system but
mentally sound individual. I am happy in the certainty of sue- not the apples. Such apples as we had were handled to the
cess and I am my own boss! And then there is Mrs. John who queen's taste, no mangling and bruising as in the former times.

(174)

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

Another season we will have both apples and system, and when
that time comes be it one, two, or three years away we will
come into our own.

With the departure of the Wests, David and I were left alone
on the place. There was work in the orchard for four men, but
we did it without help and kept house besides. I wish that I
could give some idea of the fun of that season of long hours.
We lived literally on the fat of the land, and however long and
hard were the hours of work out of doors, we did not let them
interfere with the culinary department. The Jersey cow gave
the best of milk and we had an abundance of the richest cream
that I have ever seen. Cream, butter and cheese, fresh eggs,
potatoes, apples and winter vegetables from the farm, cereals
and breads from the store gave us a table that would lure an
epicure away from the creations of a chef. Both David and I
could cook and cook well. We had the food of the country with
the seasoning and
service of the
city, for from a
certain standard
we never lapsed.
Our housekeep-
ing was famed
abroad. The oc-
casional visitor
from the city we
expected to im-
press, but it came
as a surprise to
have the country
folk become en-
thusiastic. M e n
went home and
asked their wives
to come to us to
learn how to
make corn bread
and cream cheese,
to bake puffs and
molasses cake. It
was not alone that
these things were
good, the real joy
came because we
were doing it all
ourselves. The
food was almost
entirely from the
farm itself, and
we old campers

knew how to do the preparing. W r e were as independent as man
may be in this day of organization. We were happy and con-
tented, and in some subtle way this feeling spread to every
creature on the place. The cow, from a wild-eyed animal, be-
gan to follow us around like a pet poodle until it became difficult
to drive her into the stable yard so unafraid was she. The
chickens tamed down until one could hardly walk on their
premises, while Jericho was more an affectionate friend than a
beast of burden. Later, even the pigs learned to let the small
child ride on their backs.

Pruning was the first big job, and in many ways the hardest,
for it would take a tree so many years to outgrow a serious error
in that work. Much of it we had done the fall before as soon
as the apples had all been shipped, but a good many days' work
remained for David and me. When at last we were through, the
orchard was well-nigh impassable, for brush covered the ground
three feet deep. Tall trees had been lowered from one to three

My idea was to do the heavy trimming on alternate seasons before the off bearing year, and light
thinning of the interlacing branches during the years of fruiting

yards, thick-topped ones had been opened out to light and air
and interlacing limbs had been removed. Neighbors called us
crazy and said we had ruined the orchard, but the apple expert
of the Department of Agriculture spoke such words of praise
as make me feel a glow of pride to-day, and after watching the
trees for the year, I know that we could have carried the thinning
process a little further with good results. In general my idea is
to do the heavy trimming on alternate seasons before the off-
bearing year, and the light thinning out of interlacing small
branches the years of fruiting. This will interfere less with the
crop producing of the trees, and in three or four years will put
them in shape. Also, it gives me an opportunity to watch the
result of the work during the year of bearing and to judge how-
to pursue the pruning. Much of the credit for this work belongs
to Alann, for his ideas controlled. These ideas he got from books,
a little practice and a winter's course at Hope Agricultural Col-
lege. His work
received such
commendation
from high au-
thority that evi-
dently he tackled
the job from the
right angle. Each
individual apple
must receive light
and air, and to
reach this condi-
tion trees must be
pruned, not for-
getting that too
radical work will
upset the balance
between root and
top. But finishing
the work on the
trees was only
half the contract.
Every scrap of
the brush had to
be hauled away
and burned. It
was a seemingly
endless piece of
work. Day after
day we toiled at
it. Section by sec-
tion the orchard
became passable,
but men and

horse were tired of the thought of brush before the last piece was
in ashes.

The spraying of the orchard was without one redeeming
feature of fun save the pleasure of thinking of a necessary piece
of work well done. The radical mistake that I made was in
thinking the old-fashioned pump of Hiram's regime was of the
slightest use for modern spraying. We did the work with it,
but there is a row of gravestones up on the hilltop to mark the
number of men who died at the job. It was a grueling contest,
and only David and I lasted out the season at it. Mann, at first
scornful of our progress, retired after two days, forgetting his
scorn and thinking only of blistered hands and aching back. The
pump was intended for the old-time pressure of fifty pounds or
so, but we had a gauge staring us in the face and we kept the
pointer between one and two hundred pounds ! The toil was
incredible, but the success of the work was qualified only by an
exceptional season. We routed the bugs and the fungus until

176

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

they were a negligible factor, but we covered ourselves and our
clothes with the lime-sulphur solution. The lime ate into the
flesh and made ragged wounds of small cuts, the sulphur clung
to our hands until we darkened the table utensils, and the house-
keeper kept silver hidden and made us eat with iron forks and
knives. There were days when the rain washed the solution off
the trees as fast as we could put it on, but time was pressing
and we sprayed rain or shine. Hiram had tied his barrel of spray
on a wagon and hauled it through the orchard with momentary
chance of upsetting the whole outfit on a hillside. He had filled
the barrel from the horse trough with a pail. I put a hogshead
on a platform six feet high and led the pipe from the spring
into it. From the bottom of the hogshead a big hose could be
led to the spray barrel and that filled in a moment by force of
gravity. The truck for mounting it was made by the local
genius of the town, to whom I described my needs. He took two
old mowing machine wheels and lengthened the axle until the
tread was five

feet wide. He ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
made a stout
framework of
wood in the form
of an isosceles
triangle, with
sides five feet
long. One of
these sides was
bolted on top of
the mowing ma-
chine axle, while
the opposite apex
was fitted with an
iron through
which the king
bolt of the farm
wagon could go,
thus allowing the
use of the for-
ward wheels of
the wagon in con-
nection with the
mowing machine
wheels. Iron
straps from the
triangle sup-
ported a platform
a foot beneath it
on which the bar-
rel rested. An
iron rod on each

side was hooked over the top of the barrel and secured to the
triangle with a nut. This held it immovably in place while the
center of gravity was so low that it could safely be taken on the
steepest hillside of the orchard.

Day after day Jericho hauled this apparatus around the orchard,
day after day we toiled at the pump until every blossom and
every leaf of every tree had been drenched with the spray. We
scarcely finished one round before it was time to begin the next
one, for with two leads of hose it took us ten days to go over all
the trees. But it was this thorough work that saved the crop,
for the bugs and fungus destroyed that of every other orchard
in the county.

The story of the year is one of driving, hard work for long
hours; of plans arranged to utilize every minute of time what-
ever the weather; and of records broken for results. The new
orchard of young trees is the best exhibit of this care and hard
work. We set out 498 young trees, and at the end of the season

496 were alive and well. A local laborer was hired to dig holes
for the planting. Fifty holes the first day finished him and he
went home at night "sick." David and I tackled the job. Work-
ing together, we dug one hundred in four hours. When the
trees arrived the holes were ready for them. In this locality
young trees are never sprayed. Every other morning, before
breakfast, I patrolled the long lines of young hopefuls, caught
the caterpillars before they had done any damage and called the
spray wagon into action. Again the caterpillars (of another
variety) were repelled soon enough to prevent damage. A third
time the spray wagon went over the trees to stop the attack of
the aphis. Deer were frightened off, after a raid or two, by an
ounce of sulphur sprinkled about each tree. The ground was
cultivated, the weeds kept down, and the bugs kept off by this
sort of eternal vigilance. We took no chances, allowed no prec-
edents to lure us to a sense of safety, but watched those trees
day by clay. On another hilltop, not far away, other trees from

the same nursery

From the vantage point of these months of perspective I know that the orchard is better prepared
to produce another year than any of those carelessly tended ones in the neighborhood

were planted at
the same time.
The owner of
them knows more
about apple tree
culture than I do,
but he likes to
sleep late in the
morning and to
drive down for
the mail behind a
fast horse. The
weeds, the bugs
and the deer got
up as early on his
hilltop as they did
on mine and
they had a better
time. His trees
were devoured by
pests and hidden
by the weeds ;
mine out-grew all
expectations and
are one of the
wonders of the
country side.

The harvest
season was one
long time of
doubt and trial.
Last year, with

Hiram at the helm, every condition had been ideal, and it had
seemed like a simple proposition, but now, left by myself, nothing
went right. Lack of sunshine had prevented the apples from
attaining their usual size and color. It was impossible to pick
them uncolored, and it daily became impossible to leave them
longer on the trees for fear of a freeze. Hiram had picked the
red apples first last year, leaving the green varieties until the last.
I knew no better and waited in the hope of sunshine and color,
leaving all the fruit on the trees. I was near despair and had
about determined to pick, color or no color, when, one day, Mr.
West came driving up the hill ! Then he suggested the obvious
thing that which has already occured to you to pick the green
varieties at once, risking the red ones on the chance of the long
overdue sunshine. We had had intermittent rain for a month or
more, but Hiram assured me that I could definitely count on
clear weather throughout October for picking. They "always
(Continued on page 202)

Often a commonplace spot can be rendered unusually distinctive by the artistic placing of the tub plant. This illustration shows in a marked degree

how a single palm has added dignity to the grounds

Ornamental Tub Plants

THEIR GROWING POPULARITY FOR DECORATIVE PURPOSES FORMAL AND INFORMAL EFFECTS AND HOW
TO ATTAIN THEM VARIOUS ATTRACTIVE FLOWERING PLANTS AND WHERE THEY SHOULD BE GROWN

BY IDA D. BENNETT

THE use of ornamental tub plants for terraces, porches and
like places is steadily growing in favor, and one sees them
in almost every position where the ornamental plant is feasible.
To mark the end of a walk, the intersection of garden paths, the
opening in a fence or hedge or a house entrance, a plant which is
ornamental in foliage or flower is always desirable. Often a
commonplace front door is dignified and made attractive by potted
plants at the ends of the steps ; but in selecting plants for such
positions a certain reserve
should be shown and any-
thing fussy or untidy in
appearance avoided. I
have seen entrances quite
spoiled by ineffective
plants in fancy pots or
jardinieres. As a rule the
more simple the receptacle
in which plants for orna-
mental purposes are
grown, the better. For
such large plants as box-
wood and bay trees the
ordinary cedar tubs are
best, and for many small-
er sorts the large, red
pots not the ordinary
florists' pots but the terra-
cotta ware in plain sur-
face but graceful form, is The c/ivia produces exquisite umbels of
excellent. Some of the bright flowers

Mexican pottery does very well if care is taken to select as in-
conspicuous a design as possible, for it is the plant, not the pot,
that is the motive of the decoration.

For gardens and houses of formal character the box and bay
are usually selected, and where these are prohibitive in price a
very good substitute is found in some of the small, neat-growing
evergreens like the Japan cypress. The junipers may also be used
and some of the cedars, which are both dignified and ornamental.

For less formal effects
where only good foliage
is sought, some of the
bamboos are desirable.
Bambusa Mctake is one of
the most useful forms for
potting, being dwarf in
habit and rarely exceed-
ing six feet in height. As
it bears the largest leaves
of all the bamboos, it
makes a very attractive
and effective plant. It
needs considerable water
and rich soil always to be
at its best, but is not as
exacting as palms, and
makes an excellent plant
for indoor decoration in
winter. B. viridiflora is

Callistemon lanceolate likewise has another attractive bamboo
beautiful color requiring the same gener-

(177)

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

al conditions as B. Metake. Both are worth the care required.

For positions where a plant of medium size can be used, there
is nothing better than the aspidistra, with its large, leathery leaves
that remain in perfection for years. The aspidistra has one pecu-
liarity, however, which should be observed a dislike to being
moved around. As far as
possible, it should occupy
the same position from
day to day. A little shade
during the hottest part of
the day is necessary, as
too hot a sun will discolor
the leaves; the plant sel-
dom needs repotting, but
the loose earth about the
top of the pot should be
shaken out in the spring
and fresh earth supplied,
to which a little bone meal
has been added.

There are many places,
however, where a formal
green plant is not suffi-
cient, where one desires
color as well as form and
where blooming plants are
more satisfactory. For-
tunately the supply of such suitable plants is large, and one may
gratify his predilection for almost any color or tint. One of the
really fine things where a blooming shrub is desired, is the Chinese
hibiscus, which comes in varying shades of pink, red, and yellow.
The foliage is exceedingly handsome, being large, waxy and of a
fine gloss. H. Miniatits semi-plenus is to my mind the finest
form, the flowers being a brilliant vermillion four to five inches
in diameter and semi-double. They never fail to attract attention,
and when used for corsage wear for which purpose they are ex-
cellent it is no unusual thing to be
stopped on the streets by utter stran-
gers, who ask you what that beauti-
ful flower is.

The peachblow variety is also very
good, being, as its name indicates, a
delicate peachblow pink, which is
stronger and better in full sunshine
than in partial shade. There is also

The Agave Victoriae-Reginae is stem-
less and sometimes has 200 leaves

a pure double salmon flower and some orange shades, together
with many single flowers of immense size.

The plants are easily cared for, but require plenty of root room,
rich soil, which may be partly marsh earth, and an abundant sup-
ply of water during the growing season. They do rather better

in pots than when grown
in the open ground, as
there they are inclined to
go too much to foliage.
The flower of the hibiscus
lasts but a single day, but
as flower succeeds flower
in rapid succession, this
fact is scarcely apparent
except to the gardener.
The hibiscus may be win-
tered in a frost-proof cel-
lar, but a cold, damp one
is likely to prove fatal to
it. It may also be kept
growing and blooming in
a warm conservatory or
greenhouse if desired.

The various oleanders
are not as much cultivated
in the north as they should
be, as they are fine in

every way. abundant in foliage, attractive in growth and exceed-
ingly beautiful in flower. Almost everyone is familiar with the
old, double form of the oleander, but the dark reds, whites and
single pinks are less widely known. The oleanders are of easy
culture, and the plants last for years. As they increase in size and
beauty from year to year, they should receive more attention than
is given to them.

The various pot hydrangeas are more in evidence, and well
deserve the popularity accorded them. Empress Eugenie the old

favorite with its pale pink flowers,
is the best known of the sorts. Otak-
sa another pink form, and Thomas
Hogg, a pure white type, are the prin-
cipal varieties, but to this list may be
added a blue form by the simple trick
of adding certain chemicals to the
soil in which the plants are grown, a
. (Continued on page 209)

The pyramidal box, like the bay tree,
is suited to formal gardens

The flesh-colored justicia cornea needs
rich soil for development

1 he punica granatum pomegranate blooms winter and
summer when in the conservatory

The hmene is attractive and is exten-
sively cultivated

The Hospitable Guest -Room

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURNISHING ONE ROOM SET APART FOR THE ENTERTAINMENT OF GUESTS-
HINTS THAT LEND COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE-SOME AUXILIARIES NOT TO BE NEGLECTED

BY ABBOT MCCLURE AND HAROLD DONALDSON EBERLEIN

Photographs by P. B. Wallace

A ND yours, my friend !" Such are the simple words of
-ii- welcome carved above the house-door of a small country
seat near a certain village in a certain county in England the
precise location counts not. What does count a very great deal
is that the master of the house has voiced with few words and
genuine sincerity the chief principle of true hospitality to all
that chance to share the shelter of his roof the house and all
its resources are at his visitors' disposal to make them comfortable
and happy during their stay,

To live up consistently to this principle of seeking the guest's
comfort and happiness it is obviously of the first importance that
the appointment of the guest-chamber, where he or she may be
quartered, should be a matter
of thoughtful care. It is
astonishing how many guest-
chambers fall far short of the
mark and that too, in houses
otherwise well furnished. They
are painfully unattractive, and
at a glance it is evident that
little if any attention has been
paid the thousand and one little
things that aid in making a
visitor's stay most agreeable.

Proper equipment of the
guest-chamber need not be a
matter of great expense, but it
must be a matter of careful
consideration. After all it is
the provision of little acces-
sories that will count most, just
as it is the little acts of courtesy
and thoughtfulness habitually
occurring that go to make the
charm of a well bred person's
manner. So then, since the
good hostess in furnishing a

guest-chamber will in every way try to promote the guest's com-
fort and convenience as an earnest of his welcome if he be not
welcome the disposal of his quarters must depend upon the
conscience, manners and diplomacy of the hostess let us view
the question first on the score of material requisites, and secondly
with regard to such arrangement as will most conduce to at-
tractiveness and cheer.

At the outset it should really go without saying that the guest-
chamber or chambers ought to be so placed in relation to the
other bedrooms that guests in their goings and comings may be as
far as possible independent of the movements of the family. It
will be much pleasanter for all concerned and save some awkward
positions. Likewise in settling the location of guest-chambers
it should be carefully seen to that they are out of sight, sound
and smell of the service end of the house. It is not considerate
nor in good taste to afflict the eyes or ears of one's visitors with
selected glimpses and strains from the domestic workings of the
establishment, neither is it desirable to advertise several hours
beforehand what's a-cooking for dinner.

Nothing can be more important in fixing the position of guest-

The guest-room should be adaptable to more purposes than sleeping.
This sitting-room corner with its desk is a desirable feature

chambers than convenient access to a bathroom quite separate
from those in constant use by members of the family. It is al-
ways extremely uncomfortable for guests to be obliged to use
family bathrooms. When they go for their bath in the morning
they have the annoying feeling that they may be encroaching
upon the master's or mistress's accustomed time of bathing or
else from their bedroom door they must maintain a circumspect
lookout to see when the coast is clear. On the other hand it is
unpleasant for the family to feel all during their ablutions that
perhaps they are keeping their guests waiting. In all well ar-
ranged houses, therefore, separate bathrooms will be provided
for guest-chambers. In cases where this may be impossible, how-
ever, the guest-chamber should
be so placed that the unfortu-
.nate guest will not have to run
a perfect gauntlet of doors be-
fore reaching the particular
one he seeks. In houses where
much entertaining is done it is
almost indispensable to have a
maid's room adjoining the
guest-chamber.

As to the furniture contents
of the guest-chamber, while ob-
serving a rule of simplicity as
far as practicable, there are
certain considerations that are
absolutely imperative. In the
first place it is well to have two
single beds or, if there is only
one let it be of full size. Single
beds, however, are preferable,
and as the taste of many per-
sons varies in the matter of
sleeping arrangements, the mat-

tresses should be neither ex-
tremely hard nor soft, striking

a medium between the two that will adapt itself to the needs of
the average visitor. Between the heads of the beds there should be
a small table for candles, pitcher and telephone. It is well for this
table to have a shelf or shelves beneath. It is often desirable,
especially where there is only one bed, to have two tables, one on
each side. There is then plenty of room for candles, tumbler
and pitcher, or better still, a thermos bottle on one side and
telephone with directory and pads on the other. It is thoughtful
to provide a list, if in the city, of the principal shops, theaters
and so on, including also the family physician's number. By the
bedside there should be nice, warm, soft rugs, and the comforters
ought to be of silk and light in weight.

If the house is equipped with electricity there ought to be a
light with a cord of adjustable length over the middle of the bed
head for reading in bed. While speaking of lighting, hints about
several appliances seem necessary from the general lack of at-
tention in several respects. For one thing, there ought to be a
drop light over the dresser or bureau and it ought to be adjustable
and have a shade to throw the light down. There ought also to
be adjustable lights at the side. With the light, or rather lack of

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180

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

There are many conveniences worth while in this attractive bedroom with its twin beds. The table between the bedsteads supports a telephone and
a reading lamp, and space for books. The switch for the light may be reached from the bed

light, sometimes found it is hard enough for men to brush their
hair, and much more difficult for women to do their own. In ad-
dition light for shaving should
also be provided either in the bed-
room or bathroom, preferably the
latter.

In this connection it is well to
add that all mirrors should be so
placed or hung that one can get a
good light in them. The writers
know of one handsomely furnished
apartment where all the mirrors
are so unfortunately placed that
it is impossible to get sufficient
light in any of them, and anyone
who attempts to shave by their aid
is very apt to look afterwards as
though he had been through a Ger-
man students' duel. A dresser with
a mirror in three parts is desirable,
the two end sections being hinged
and adjustable. Then, too, there
ought to be a pier or cheval glass,
and it is an excellent idea to have
a full length mirror set on the in-

The four-poster is suggestive of comfort. The two chairs at its
foot serve in lieu of a lounge

for women and sometimes for men, it is necessary to have a
bureau or chiffonier as well as a ladies' dresser. Besides these

there should be an ample chest of
drawers so that there may be an
abundance of room for the be-
stowal of clothing. In bureau,
chest and dresser the hostess
should look to it that the drawers
run easily and do not stick. It is
a good plan to have glass plates
to put on the tops of both bureau
and dresser. In the first place
they are clean and easily kept
so, and in the second, as far as
the guest is concerned, he or she
doesn't like to feel that a bottle of
alcohol or cologne or what not
may be spilled or leave a mark on
a cover or on the woodwork.

It is an excellent idea to have
the inside of the drawers in the
ladies' dresser painted white and
enameled. This gives a whole-
some appearance and aids in the
removal of any dust that may col-

side of the closet door. In fact such a mirror may take the place lect there. The paint should be laid on carefully, however, and

of a cheval glass, although one ought to be provided if possible, the enamel surface be perfectly smooth, with no tendency to

A good variety of dresser or dressing table is somewhat con- stickiness, or the work will be worse than useless. Somewhere, in

cave in front, so that anyone seated before it may have the bureau, chest, closet or table there ought without fail to be a

various drawers and compartments readily accessible on either
hand. Presuming that the guest-chamber is to be used sometimes

handy drawer containing needles, thread, buttons, mucilage,
stickers, string, wrapping paper and a thousand and one other

HOUSE AND GARDEN

181

The comfortable armchair before the fireplace and the well equipped dressing table with its good form of mirror will be appreciated by guests.
There is an interesting treatment of the radiator that suggests a successful way of hiding this ugly feature

odds and ends that anyone is apt to want at any time but will all tastes and needs. It is well, likewise, to have some magazines
very often do without altogether rather than put a hostess to not a year old in the same place. A comfortable reading

the bother of getting for them.

Another piece of furniture that
should always be included in the
equipment of a guest-chamber is
a table desk provided with sta-
tionery both marked and plain
and all the necessary writing
paraphernalia. A reasonable sup-
ply of postage stamps ought not
to be forgotten. It is well to in-
clude telegram blanks in the list
of things desirable, for a man
while visiting has often to attend
to important business concerns at
the same time and greatly appre-
ciates all such facilities. A waste-
basket is also necessary. Details
in the preparation of the guest-
room are not of the greatest im-
portance, but scrupulous care in
even the smallest trifles will add
to the welcome of the visitor and
show him that some thought has

been taken in his behalf. And there are many occasions when
such trifles become of the highest importance. No omission
is excusable that may cause the guest a moment's annoyance.

Either on one end of the table desk, if it is large enough, or
better still, on a separate table, there should be a reasonable num-
ber of books novels of the day, classics, semi-classics to suit

A very simple bedroom, but one planned with various guest-
room conveniences

lamp will, of course, accompany
this outfit. The appropriate
reading lamp leads one on to a
reminder about easy chairs, of
which there should be more than
one. On the reading table or on
the table desk it is a graceful at-
tention, if the guest be a lady, to
have a bowl of flowers. They
breathe a welcome in a way that
nothing else can. Your men
guests will always be pleased to
find a box of cigarettes on desk or
table, and forget not at the same
time to have ash-trays. Ash-trays
of glass or some washable mate-
rial are preferable to metal or
substance that will either tarnish
or stain.

There ought either to be a hat
and boot cabinet of some kind or
else some special provision should
be made for them in the closet. A

lounge or reclining couch is also a desirable adjunct to the fur-
niture of a guest-room, and can often very fittingly be placed at
the foot of the bed. When it is not placed there it is a good idea
to have a slatted trunk rack or stand set there for the arriving
guest's trunk so that it may be easily unpacked without uncom-
(Continued on page 203)

The Proper Use of Dwarf and Standard Fruit Trees

THE MOST FITTING SITUATION FOR EACH SORT ESPALIER FRUITS AND HOW
TO TRAIN THEM COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS FOR STARTING A FRUIT GARDEN

BY F. F. ROCKWELL

WITHOUT enthusiasts the world would never have pro-
gressed ; and in no line of work is this more true than in
horticulture. Nevertheless, it is a fact that the enthusiast is
likely to look upon things from one side only, and some of the
dwarf fruit enthusiasts have been no exception to this rule.
While I believe that the dwarf fruit has come to stay has, in
fact, been the result of an actual economic demand still I think
that in a few instances people have been misled as to the result
they would obtain from it, not intentionally on the part of their
informers, but because,
hearing only one side of
the case, they have failed
to take all the necessary
precautions, and have met
indifferent success, o r
even failure as a result.
It is my purpose in this
article to present both
sides of the subject, and I
hold no brief for either.
I do not believe, on the
one hand, that dwarf
fruit trees are going to
supplant the standard
kinds with which most of
us are familiar, nor, on
the other, that they are
but a hobby, doomed to
oblivion after a few years'
experimenting on the part
of the general public.

First of all we had bet-
ter get a few definitions
straightened out so as to
know exactly what we
are speaking about. What
is a dwarf fruit tree?
Our definition has to be
largely a matter of com-
parison. When you rec-
ollect those rugged, shag-
gy-barked old patriarchs
of the apple orchards of
your childhood, spreading
their twisted limbs al-
most fifteen feet upward
and outward, the neat
rows of trimmed, com-
pact low-headed trees of

the modern commercial orchard seem in comparison quite dwarf
indeed. You can actually pick some of the fruit from the ground.
But when some enthusiastic suburbanite friend takes you into his
fifteen by twenty foot fruit farm at the back of the house and
shows you apples and pear trees the topmost fruit of which you
can pick without standing on tip-toe, then you realize that your
definition of "dwarf fruit" has to be readjusted, for the actual
fruits on these miniature specimens of apple and pear trees are
fully equal in size, coloring and flavor to those grown upon the
full-sized standards with which you are more familiar. As a

Standard trees surpass the dwarf varieties where there is plenty of orchard space
for branching and room for the proper development of the roots

matter of fact they are the same apples and pears which you
already know, the difference being that now they are growing on
another tree : that is, slips of the standard varieties are grafted
upon a dwarf, slow-growing stock, and the result is that you can
have dwarf fruit trees without dwarf fruits. This achievement,
from the point of view of the horticulturist, is not nearly so won-
derful as it probably will seem to you when you behold for the
first time one of these specimens of the skill of the nurseryman.
In fact, for any definite discussion of the subject, we should

have a more extended
classification. For i n -
stance, standards, low-
headed standards, semi-
dn'arfs, and dw a r f s
would enable us to be
more accurate in describ-
ing the various types that
are adapted for various
purposes. The differ-
ence between standards
and low-headed standards
is a matter of training.
That is, the main branch
is cut back sooner than
was formerly the practice,
thus inducing the growth
of the spreading side
limbs at a point a great
deal lower down on the
trunk of the tree. Some
varieties are naturally
much smaller than others.
In fact, it is simply by
taking advantage of ex-
treme cases of this char-
acteristic that the dwarf
trees have been made pos-
sible. The semi-dwarf
trees are made by graft-
ing the standard varieties
upon what is called a
"Doucin stock," that is
simply a variety of apple
which normally attains a
height of eighteen feet or
so. For dwarf trees,
standard varieties which
have been found suitable
for the purpose, are graft-
ed upon Paradise stock, which is a wild, small, fruited English
variety. In addition to this the method and thoroughness used
in training and pruning will affect to a considerable extent the
shape and size of the tree produced.

The dwarf fruit trees are not, except in the opinion of a few
enthusiasts, considered as substitutes for the standard types.
They can, however, be used where the others can not, and there-
fore it depends upon the circumstances in each particular case,
whether or no their use will prove profitable. I do not, use
"profitable" in the commercial sense, but to indicate whether the

(182)

MARCH,

1913

HOUSE

AND

CARD

183

results will prove satisfactory to the person who plants the dwarf Still again there is perhaps that less important but nevertheless
es, considering the amount of time and care which has been extremely alluring fact that with dwarf fruit trees at least a fruit

or two may be expected even the first year after planting while

The greatest advantage of dwarf fruit trees is the fact that they with the standards a most patient, trying period of five or six
can be grown where there would not be room for standard types, years must be put up with before the result of one's long con-
Standard trees, for instance, are set thirty-five to forty feet tinued labor may be finally had in hand and actually tasted. This
apart. ^ Doucin stock apples can be set within fifteen to twenty prospect of almost immediate returns certainly is a very powerful

incentive to the planting and care of fruit trees as far as the
amateur is concerned.

And then there is the beauty of the dwarf trees in bloom!

feet of each other, and Paradise stock apples as close as ten or
even eight feet. Not only can three to five small trees be set
where one or two standards would occupy the same amount of
room, but they can, if
conditions require it,
be trained to a trellis
along the boundary of
the grounds, so that
their growth is almost
entirely lateral. It
often happens, too,
that while there might
b e enough ground
room for a standard
tree, the height would
be objectionable. And
here again, of course,
the dwarf trees fur-
nish a practical solu-
tion to the problem.

Another point in
their favor which is
of almost equal im-
portance to the man
who desires to grow
his own fruit on a
small scale, is the fact
that these small trees
are so easily cared for
and so efficiently at-
tended to in the mat-
ter of spraying, pruning, thin-
ning the fruit, etc. With no
power except his two arms, he
can care for his dwarf trees
quite as thoroughly as the
commercial orchardist can
tend his acres, with a power
spray-pump and all the other
requisite apparatus.

Still another very decided
advantage of dwarf trees is
that as both branches and root-
systtm are so restricted in the
area they cover, other things
may be grown between the
dwarf trees much more suc-
cessfully than between stand-
ard trees, whose dense shade
and root systems spread even
beyond the limit of their far-
reaching branches. This is a
very important point, especial-
ly where the situation in the

plot of ground is such that it becomes desirable to set some fruit
trees along the southern or eastern boundaries, as anyone who

A good example

how space has been saved and the entire garden made attractive by
training dwarf fruits symmetrically on the garden fence

ir^Vfe-' '.*>

0-'w

The dwarf peach tree does well on the brick wall if properly trained
on wires to direct its growth

That alone, to anyone
who loves flowers, is
worth the extra care
they may require. It
may be because the
flowers are nearer,
and on a level with the
eye ; it may be be-
cause the effect is un-
expected and novel,
but a dwarf pear or
apple in bloom is even
more beautiful than
one of standard size.
While none of these
claims in favor of the
dwarf tree is exag-
gerated, it would,
nevertheless, give a
somewhat one-sided
view of the value of
dwarf fruits if no
mention were made
of their several seri-
ous faults. In the
first place their yield
is very small, being,
even after they are in
full bearing, only from a
quarter of a bushel to a bushel,
to an average-sized tree. An
average standard tree will
easily bear four or five times
this amount and therefore,
one of the apparent benefits
of the saving of space effected
by the dwarf trees is found in
reality to be deceiving.

Then there is the question
of culture. As a general rule,
the more artificial the products
of the nurseryman or the plant
grower the more careful is
the cultural attention de-
manded. And these dwarf
fruits, growing on alien roots,
are no exception to the rule.
Not only must the ground in
which they are planted be in
excellent condition, but the
after care and cultivation must

be constant and the best, or the experiment will be certain to
prove more or less of a failure probably more ! The trunk and

has had to choose between cutting down a good tree or being root system do not become as firmly fixed in the soil as do those

satisfied with the indifferent results obtained from vegetables
struggling along in its shade and fighting against the encroach-

of standard type and are therefore more subject to injury from
external sources. In fact, a standard tree will live and make

ment of its robber roots, will fully appreciate. Here the dwarf wins, a fairly satisfactory growth provided it is kept clean by spray-

1 184

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

mg under conditions which would be likely to prove fatal to a

dwarf form of the same variety. Last, but not least, there is the

question of cost and this is not limited to the original cost,

which at present is from five to twenty-five times more than that

of standard stock. Also, as far as present indications go, most of

the standard varieties would outlive two or three plantings of

the dwarf stock, at least in our hot, dry climate. Abroad where

rainy, cloudy weather is much

more frequently encountered

than here, there may not be so

much difference. It is abroad

that the dwarf fruits have

been developed and are still

much more widely used than

here.

So there are at least two
sides of the question for any-
one contemplating the plant-
ing of fruit trees, and he will
do well carefully to consider
the conditions which surround
his own particular problem,
before making up his mind
that either dwarfs or stand-
ards are to be unconditionally
declared the better, even for
private use.

The fact is that the dwarf
fruit tree offers a solution,

and a very advantageous solution, to those who would otherwise
go without fruit of their own at all. Its stronghold will be the
suburban garden and the grounds of the small place. There the
amateur and the enthusiast will be glad to give the careful atten-
tion which they require, in return for apples, pears and peaches
in variety, and of the first quality, which they will begin to yield
him, not only after several years of
"fruitless" labor, but almost immedi-
ately. It should not be forgotten,

Training the dwarf fruit on the wooden fence is almost as easy as train-
ing the rambler rose

however, that as far as quantity of production is concerned, the
larger trees will probably give far better satisfaction. The
superior quality of fruit from dwarf trees which one frequently
reads or hears about is, I believe, largely fictitious; that is, it is
due not to the fact that it was grown on dwarf trees, but that
the trees themselves were given better care than standard trees
ordinarily receive from the hands of the average fruit grower.

There is another point to
which I have never seen at-
tention called in discussions
of dwarf fruits, and that is
the possibility of having
several varieties of apples or
pears upon one standard tree.
We have an old but still very
medium sized Pearmain tree
in our orchard, which bears
more summer apples than we
can ever use, a good number
of Hubbardsons for autumn
use, and Rhode Island Green-
ings for winter. Why should
not some enterprising nurs-
eryman make a point of sup-
plying several varieties of
apples grafted on a suitable
stock to afford dessert fruit
at least through the season in
gardens where there is not

room for more than two or three fair-sized trees? Of course
such stock would have to be larger and older than the usual sizes
sent out, and it also would be much more expensive, but it seems
to me that there would be many people who would be willing to
pay a very good price for the combination tree of this sort. There
is also, of course, the possibility of having a combination of the

larger size and the dwarf trees, using,

jl^^fjg^ff^^jffjf perhaps two or three of the former for

(Continued on page 205)

One upright and two lateral shoots should be
trained along each wire as the tree grows

The dwarf plum tree on the lawn rivals the
flowering shrub in its beauty

Small space brings large results by training
dwarf trees to the wall as is shown here

A shallow alcove designed for the range and lined with tile or brick saves space in the
small kitchen and does away with smoke and cooking odors

HOW .TO PLAN AND BUILD-STRUCTURAL INNOVATIONS ADJOINING ROOMS AND
THE LOCATION OF FIXTURES UTENSILS, SANITATION, LIGHTING AND EFFICIENCY

UY LOUISE SHRIMPTON

Photographs by George Doust

TO use the kitchen simply as a
cook room and scullery, a place
where food is prepared and pots and
kettles are scoured, is the modern aim.
All tramping through the room by
service men or family is avoided. If
possible a rear hallway provides a line
of travel for the household. A cool
room opening from a rear entry con-
tains the refrigerator and a place for
depositing groceries. The laundry
tubs, once placed in the small house
kitchen, are now on the cellar floor,
where a well-lighted laundry often in-
cludes provision for ironing as well as
washing. On the cellar floor of the
well-appointed house is also a pre-
serve room, with double walls contain-
ing an air space, and a similarly built
vegetable room.

In the kitchen itself modern ideas
as to efficiency are receiving due at-
tention. The careful home-builder
contrives a plan that shall eliminate
futile effort in walking and unneces-
sary gymnastics in gathering utensils
and materials together for cooking.

Kitchens of a few years ago were
notoriously dark and unsanitary. To-
day the kitchen is well ventilated and

This cupboard with open racks for hanging saucepans
gives easier access than rows of shelves

furnished with windows upon two
sides. Groups of two or three high
windows, giving abundant light, are
often seen. Southern exposures are
reserved for the living-rooms of a
house, while the kitchen has the
northern aspect that gives the steady
light desirable in a workroom where
much precise measuring and careful
cleansing must be done. This cool,
northern location is chosen also as
best adapted to a room that often be-
comes too hot for comfort.

These desirable features of loca-
tion and well-contrived arrangement
do not, however, come of themselves.
As in other rooms in a house, home-
builders must have clearly-defined
ideals and a capacity for insisting on
their fulfilment. The placing of struc-
tural features needs particularly care-
ful planning. The location of lighting
fixtures must be considered at an early
date. The wall treatment, selection of
floor coverings, range, furniture and
kitchen ware, are all matters requir-
ing prompt but thoughtful decisions.

In planning kitchen equipment,
rough drawings are found to be a
help. The size of the kitchen deter-

1 86

TTOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH. 1913

A small serving-room between kitchen and dining-room eliminates noise
and odors and provides convenient space for china and linen

mined upon and small kitchens are now the rule even in large
houses it is a good idea for the home-builder to draw to scale,
upon the roughly-sketched plan, the built-in fitments and the fur-
niture necessary for the room. Through following this method
everything is clearly understood from the beginning. The home-
builder does not suddenly find, for instance, that the kitchen sink
is too near a corner to permit space for a drain-board ; the actual
measurements of a completed cupboard do not disappoint the
housemistress. To aid in rilling out a plan, rough elevations
might be made of the sides of the room, showing cupboards and
fixtures. And not only a scale should be used, but a six-foot rule,
so that actual trial measurements of existing cupboards and fit-
ments may give to the amateur, as they often do to the profes-
sional, a clear idea as to how the paper dimensions will turn out.
Even when the architect has a special talent for designing con-
venient fitments, as often happens, the formulation of the ideas
of home-builders gives results of individuality, helping greatly to
produce distinctive equipment.

In planning the kitchen, it may be divided for practical pur-
poses into the cooking side and what the French call the cote dc
la batterie, the side where the kitchen ammunition, the household
pots and pans, stand ready for action. The other walls, being as
a rule largely given over to entrances, are usually negligible in
this connection.

The chimney location determines that of the range, usually on
an inner wall. Whether to place the sink on this, the cooking side
of the kitchen, or elsewhere, is the next point to settle. Where
cost is not a first consideration, a vegetable sink is placed next
the range, so that vegetables may be cleaned and the kettles filled
with the least possible walking. A vegetable sink of solid porce-
lain with integral divisions for rinsing, etc., costs about sixty

The built-in cabinet gives opportunity to carry out individual ideas. It
should have shelves of varying height and bins for flour

dollars in a thirty by twenty-two inch size. A sixteen by twenty-
four inch sink, porcelain-enameled, is quoted at much less, about
eighteen dollars.

In the small house-kitchen, where there is but the one sink and
dishes must be washed in it, their convenient stacking and drain-
ing are necessities. The sink requires good lighting and suffi-
cient space on each side for drain boards and ledges. Placing it
at about the center of the "ammunition wall," with a group of
high windows above, on one side a drain board, on the other a
ledge for unwashed dishes, is found a good solution of the small
kitchen problem. A sink five feet long, of porcelain, with integral
drain shelf, costs complete in "B" quality ("A" quality is a
rarity, fabulous in price), about one hundred dollars, and is a
beautiful and luxurious-looking affair. A porcelain-enameled
sink twenty by thirty inches, costs about fifty-eight dollars with
porcelain-enameled legs. A rubber drain mat, necessary to pre-
vent breakage, comes at about two dollars. A roll rim sink and
back with brackets, enameled, costs eighteen dollars and fifty-
eight cents. If preferred, a "pantry" sink of copper or German
silver, instead of the porcelain variety, may be set into a ledge
beneath the window. The cocks are out of the way, a convenient
feature. Two of these sinks, one for washing, the other for rins-
ing, with movable faucets, form an admirable outfit. It is de-
sirable to cover the ledge with sheet copper fastened to the edge
with large-headed tacks. Any special size desired is furnished to
order by the manufacturers of these sinks, but, like the porcelain
ones, they come in great variety of sizes and quality. A good
quality should be specified.

On either side of the sink are often built-in cabinets, one pro-
viding space for saucepans, spoons and cooking dishes, the other
for cooking materials. In planning the saucepan cupboard an

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

inventory should be taken of pots and pans, and space adequate
for them provided, neither too much nor too little. It should
have one good-sized compartment, fitted with hooks for hanging
saucepans and spoons, easier of access in this arrangement than
if put on shelves. The compartment should be above the center
ledge, not below it; or the upper part of this cabinet may consist
of an open rack on which hang the ladles and saucepans in every-
day use, each having its own hook.
like a tool on a tool rack, so that n:>
time is lost in looking for the right
utensil. For kettle covers narrow
shelves are built, with grooves and a
protecting rail. The French method
of fastening to a wall against wood
strips a long metal or wooden rod.
fitted with movable hangers from
which depend the saucepans, might
well be adopted in the American kitch-
en. Compartments with shelves arc-
planned for bowls and tins. Shelves
only a few inches apart are found
convenient for cake tins and platters,
which then need not be placed one on
top of the other. One or two narrow
shelves, half way between ordinary
ones, are a space-saving feature, used
for cups.

The cooking material cupboard is
sometimes supplemented by one of
the kitchen cabinets on the market.

One of the new cabinets, with removable flour bin, sliding nickel-
plated table top and glass sugar bin sells at about twenty-eight
dollars. If one of
these cabinets is used,
it should, if possible,
be procured un-
finished and stained
or painted to match
the other woodwork.
If the built-in cabinet
alone is planned, it
should contain bins
for flour, usually
zinc-lined boxes be-
neath a ledge, hinged
on the bottom, so that
they can be tilted for-
ward by a drawer pull
at the top. Another
variety, perhaps pref-
erable, is above the
table ledge that the
cabinet always has, al-
lowing the flour to be
sifted through a n
opening in the bot-
tom. There should be
two receptacles for
different kinds of
flour. A niche is pro-
vided for the bread board, which pulls out, forming a shelf. If
a large sheet of plate glass is kept on the ledge, it makes an ex-
cellent pastry board. Receptacles for sugar, spices, etc., are fur-
nished. In a cupboard recently fashioned is a compartment
fitted with graduated steps in pyramid form, used for holding
little jars of dried herbs and spices. The inside of a door is
sometimes utilized for holding small boxes with good results.

Neat cases lining the walls are much better for pre-
serves than- the old fashioned hanging shelf

A model kitchen. The sink requires good lighting and space on each side for drain boards
and ledges. Placing it below a group of high windows gives excellent results

In planning structural features on the cooking side of the
kitchen, a shallow alcove is designed for the range, lined with tile
or brick. A hood, projecting above, is of metal or covered with
sheets of asbestos. In selecting a range, a combination coal and
gas range is considered the most satisfactory for all-year use,
although a gas stove alone is frequently used in the city or subur-
ban home, supplemented by a fireless cooker. The electric stove

is still too expensive for general use.
The combination range shown in our
illustration costs ninety-five dollars.

Lights are planned above cupboards
and sink, range and ironing fixtures.
A special connection is made for the
electric flatiron, if one is used, so that
an electric light is not put out of com-
mission when ironing is done.

Wall treatment in the kitchen is
strictly hygienic. Walls are often
tiled to a height of three or four feet,
while the plaster above is painted in
oil colors in a light tone. If tile is
found too expensive the dado is given
a coat of cement, marked off into
squares, and then given several coats
of white enamel paint, eight in a re-
cent instance.

Floors are covered with linoleum
cemented at the joints, or more rarely
with tile. In the latter case rubber
mats are desirable, as tile floors are

very hard on the feet of kitchen workers. Floors of unfinished
wood are less often put in than formerly, since while attractive

in appearance, they
require so much time
and labor to scrub
that they are not real-
ly a paying invest-
ment.

Woodwork is some-
times stained and giv-
en a paraffine finish,
cleaned by rubbing
occasionally with the
paraffine oil. Pine and
cypress are attractive
in this finish, al-
though pains must be
taken not to allow a
careless maid to spot
the wood with water.
An oil rubbing on the
unfinished wood gives
a light, pretty effect.
Highly varnished
wood is not so pop-
ular as it once was,
since there is a senti-
ment in favor of pret-
ty finish for woods,
even in kitchens. Per-
haps the most cleanly and attractive treatment is to paint the
woodwork, in this case usually whitewood, white with an enamel
finish.

Kitchen color schemes are simple and positive, subtle values
being reserved for other rooms of a house. White and buff, gray
and white, blue and white, pale yellow and gray, are most often
(Continued on page 224)

The Epicure in the Garden

HOW THE GARDENER AND THE COOK COLLABORATED TO SUPPLY THE TABLE WITH TASTY DISHES-A
VEGETABLE GARDEN PLANNED TO PLEASE THE APPETITE AND KEEP THE TABLE SUPPLIED ALL YEAR

SOME considerable portion of the term of ex-
istence to which I am entitled has been spent
in trying to bring the mind of Charlemagne
(alias Charles Mann), the gardener, into
agreement with my own, and that of Char-
lotte, the cook, into unison with both. The
following account is witness to the measure
of my success in this undertaking.

Necessity for peace, a quiet life,
and simple diet, the physi-
cian's prescription, had led
the Better Half and me into
choosing a home in
the country. Even-
tually we met with a
house and garden
suited to our require-
ments. It was an old
house, much out of
repair, and inconve-
niently planned, but it
had an exceptionally
well-situated kitchen

garden, and this decided us in its favor. Its
previous owner had been a better gardener
than architect, and if only for that reason

we have had cause to be grateful to him. A good kitchen-garden
has generally to be made.

This kitchen-garden was a piece of land of nearly two acres,
innocent of all trees save those which grew by the walls and a
few espaliers down the middle paths. It was sheltered, open to
the south and sloping.

I explained to Charlemagne that it was our intention to live
principally upon vegetables and fruit ; that simple diet, with very
little meat, was essential to our health ; that Charlotte, the cook,
was an importation from France, and would require many things
to be grown for her to which she had been accustomed in her
native country, and finally that I myself had a firmly-rooted con-
viction that it was quite possible to have, all the year round in
perpetual supply, every vegetable which mortal man might desire
to eat, providing that sufficient energy and enterprise were
brought to bear on their production. I hinted at a forcing-house
and frames, and a cool cellar, and I saw his eyes brighten. His
imagination was touched, and this was well ; the main thing, all
the same, was to get vegetables.

After that we came to questions of detail. We have, I think,
always been occupied with questions of detail. Sometimes I am
exasperated with Charlemagne's attention to detail as I watch
him slip and cut, and stipple over his work ; sometimes he breaks
out into open rebellion at my insistence that every letter of my
plans shall be accurately followed. I am winning Charlemagne
over, and inspiring him with an enthusiasm for intensive cultiva-
tion.

Therein lies the secret of such success as we have achieved.
With intensive cultivation you may do wonders with quite a
small plot of land ; without it, the finest acreage will yield but
little.

Our ground is oblong in shape, with its longest diameter from
east to west. This gives a good stretch of both warm and cool
borders. The bush fruits grow together in squads instead of
being planted promiscuously here and there, and if they had not

already been so placed, we should soon have brought
them together. Bigger fruit trees, such as apple and
plum, are found in the small orchard, and the only
good pear tree that we possess fills the
whole west side of the house wall.
The kitchen-garden has been, figura-
tively speaking, the cockpit of
strife, where our battles have
been waged and a few triumphs
won, for now that we have
brought it to the point where
it yields for us not only a
never- failing supply
of roots and legumes,
but also a continu-
ance of the rarer
dainties, we have
good reason to tri-
umph. It has all been
a matter of manage-
ment, of careful rota-
tion of crops, of fre-
quent sowings, and

BY LUCY H. YATES

prompt clearings, helped by the use of mov-
able frames and a little forcing.

I have been insistent about having only

small sowings made at a time, but of having these kept up at reg-
ular intervals, so that as fast as one row had furnished its crop,
it should be cleared to make way for another. Nothing has been
left to run to seed, nor have we saved for our own seed. This
may seem to some an extravagance, but we have found that it
pays best to buy fresh seed grown elsewhere. By liberal trench-
ing and a little manuring of the soil we secure quick growth, and
the rule is to gather everything when it is somewhat under rather
than over its prime. Quality, rather than size and quantity, is the
best aim where consumption is small, but were I growing for sale,
I should still prefer to sell the well-flavored small bean or marrow
to the mammoths without taste things which have to be cooked
in pieces because they are too big to be cooked whole it must
have been these which a French satirist had in mind when he
talked of legumes a I'eau!

A dozen strong young plants, properly set out and attended to,
amply suffice for our requirements at one time. We do not wish
to be condemned to eat cauliflowers day after day simply because
it is their season, and they are clamoring for consumption, or to
fatten on beans when we would prefer to have a salad, or to be
surfeited with salads when we desire a mess of pottage. But we
are never without the material for a salad at any time of the
year. We have peas from April to August ; we have beans prac-
tically always on hand ; young carrots and turnips ready for pull-
ing in May; crisp radishes and cress in the late summer. The
mushroom house supplies us with early seakale and rhubarb and
chicory, as well as with edible fungi, while our first tomatoes and
cucumbers come from the warm brick pits.

Experience has shown us that it is not needful to grow so many
different kinds of vegetables, even though you are desirous of
having a perpetual supply, as it is to keep up the regular succes-
sion of the crops. What is most important is to have facilities
for growing winter crops, and for some forcing, so as to be inde-
pendent of weather and season. This we have managed by care-
ful use of a small hot-house, a larger cool-house, and. frames.

(188)

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

189

At first Charlemagne showed himself imbued with the usual melons, yet the home-grown melon is one of the choicest of our

ideas as to the laying-out of the land, marking out the plots for dessert fruits, and its growing offers no insuperable obstacle ;

rows of cabbages and patches of potatoes after the ordinary moreover, it was like offering a sop to Cerberus to suggest its

fashion. Very quickly I placed a veto on any such proposals. No cultivation to Charlemagne. He went up in his own estimation

part of our valuable space was to spare for such things as could by several degrees !

be bought for a few pennies from any green-grocer or market Together we discussed the requirements of the melon tribe ; we

gardener. Cabbages, I was careful to explain, took too much out decided that a frame covering a brick pit, with a six-inch hot-

of the soil and gave back too little in actual value; cauliflowers, it water pipe going round it, with a bed of leaf mold (chiefly oak

is true, were of a similar nature, but as the cauliflower was and beech), would give the necessary heat. Our authority told

adapted to so many uses in the kitchen, it could not be dispensed us that these leaves were better than the richest manure. We

with. Potatoes, except for a few rows of earlies, which, when had to buy a sackful from a nurseryman, sufficient not being

eaten directly after lifting, possess a flavor comparable to none, otherwise obtainable. The seeds we sowed first in small pots

we could not spare land for, except where they might prepare the in a mixture of leaf mold and loam, embedding each seed in

soil for a better crop later on. Carrots and turnips grow best on a little silver sand, then set the pots in the bed with a bottom heat

soil which has been previously occupied by potatoes or celery of between 70 and 80 degrees. When they grew big enough to
rather than on freshly manured ground. This matter of the wise
rotation of crops was one about which I read much, and after
making many trials we have at last arrived at a systematic plan.

to which we now adhere.

Our early turnips we
sow in frames, but the sec-
ond crop is sown between
rows of peas and thinned
out freely. Lettuces are
pricked out between rows
of celery, and the finest
grow on the ridges after
the celery has been
earthed for the autumn.
Spinach we set between
peas and beans, sowing a
fresh row every fort-
night, and thus keep our-
selves supplied all the
summer.

Our first dishes of
spring greens are com-
pounded from cuttings of
sorrel, spinach, turnip-
tops, young nettles, and
mercury for we grow
"Good King Henry" as
respectfully as any other
herb. With this variety,
Charlotte is able to ring
the changes without being
at a loss for a puree at
any time it is asked for.

shift into larger pots, a stronger compost was used, and finally
they were planted out on ridges in the frame itself, and as the
fruit began to form, the young plants were watered with liquid

When a suf-

The kitchen-garden was a piece of land of nearly two acres, sheltered, open to

the south and sloping

manure,
ficient number of flowers
had opened we fertilized
them by hand, using a
camel's-hair brush, and
kept the lights open. As
soon as the fruits came we
picked off any that were
ill-shaped, and gave the
plants a little support
from time to time. While
they were making fast
growth, plenty of air was
admitted into the frame,
and the foliage was
syringed daily. If any
sign of red spider ap-
peared a little sulphur was
put into the syringe. The
syringing was discon-
tinued after the fruits be-
gan to ripen, and we gave
less moisture with more
heat, and when we could
scent the aroma we knew
the time had arrived for
cutting. Blessed time !

In a favorable season
we have had a fair supply
of peaches and apricots

We have cucumbers ready for cutting with the beginning of from the trees that grow on the south wall, but a cold or wet year
May, and they last throughout the summer by keeping the glass is fatal to these. Grapes we have not yet attempted. But a
open. Tomatoes (under glass) we cut early in June, and those veritable triumph it has been when we could set a dish of fully-
grown out of doors begin to produce in July, and the two lots grown, well-ripened strawberries before the Better Half for his
keep us supplied right up to Christmas. Some variety of lettuce delectation, late in May or early in June. These are not pot-
or endive we find it possible to have all the year round, and the grown, oh, dear no ! We allow the plants to make their ordinary
salad bowl is in almost daily use. Soup vegetables are also re- growth out of doors until the crowns are fully developed, then in
quired every day, and Charlotte makes a voracious demand for April we lift them with a spade, with a good quantity of soil,
good roots and onions for her savory stews, wherein, as she says, and lay them on the bench on the south side of the cool-house.
it is the meat that flavors the vegetables, not they the meat. I Here they quickly come into flower, and as the windows are
fear me she would consider her skill but half appreciated if we opened wide during the day the bees are able to do their work,
failed to supply her with such things as salsify and celeriac, After the fruit has set we raise the bench to bring it nearer the
aubergines and chicory, as well as the more ordinary roots, or if glass, and keep the roots well supplied with moisture. It swells
there were not a few potirons hanging up in the storeroom with rapidly, and soon ripens with this slight protection, being care-
onions and shallots galore. From beets she makes most delicious fully shielded from the cold at night. These strawberries are as
little dishes as well as salads. And, of course, there has to be fleshy and full of flavor as when grown out of doors in the
material supplied for the making of those various conserves which ordinary course, and in this way we prolong our enjoyment of

fill the larder shelves and adorn our table in winter days.

It may seem ambitious to have attempted the growing of

this delicious fruit by at least a month.

(Continued on page 209)

When the Spring Run Starts
in the Sugar Bush

THE OPERATION OF
MAKING MAPLE SIRUP
AND SUGAR-A SIMPLE
PLANT, REASONABLE
CARE, WORK AT A
SLACK TIME OF THE
YEAR AND PLEASURE
ILLIMITABLE A PRO-
CESS THAT HAS DE-
LIGHTS AND PROFITS
COMBINED

WILLIAM A. VOLLMKR

Photographs by Julian A. D i m o <.- k

AY looked up at the gray, scudding
clouds and seemed to sniff the air.
"We're due for sap weather
pretty soon,'' was his diagnosis.

For a farm hand he certainly was
uncommonly gifted, 1 thought.
Perhaps his association with nature
had preserved an elemental keen-
ness of the senses that we lose in
the cities. I had noted that he ap-
peared to have a certain divination
of seasons and times ; an instinct
seemed to tell him when fruits were
ripe or potatoes ready to be dug. It
was different from the accuracy of
the cook at which I once had
wondered, for she had straw auguries or made experimental
probes with a fork, but he just knew, sphinx-like.

I ceased wondering at his weather wiseness, with the image of
maple sirup growing in mind. This prophecy, if true, would
give me the secret of the delectable liquid that had made endur-
able a bitter cold, snow-bound winter by adding relish to the
breakfast cakes which I believe were one form of fortification
against many forty-below mornings. And the jug was running
low ! I shivered at the thought as I crossed the dirty barnyard
snow, and prayed that the prediction might be true.

And the next morning saw a change. It was clear and sun-
shiny and what little breeze there was came from the southwest.
I met Ray coming home from the cow barn, rumbling an ap-
proximation of melody from somewhere within him.

"Bess give us a spotted heifer this morning. It's a good sign !
Put on your felts and come on up to the sap bush. Looks like
we could start getting them pails out and the trees plugged."

Sugar from the cane, maple sugar from maple trees but sap
bush sounded suspiciously like sassafras tea. The process was
still to be learned.

The sap brush was a stand of big straight maple on a hill back
of the place. Most of the trees stood on the south slope, but the

The Receiving 1'ank

growth was thick up to the ridge and ran over upon the north
declivity. In summer it was a shady forest, thick with leaf-
mold under foot and a dense undergrowth of seedling trees and
wood plants, spotted with occasional splashes of sunlight. A
cool and quiet retreat that bore a look of studied wildness as
though its condition were man regulated. And it was.

The straight tree trunks, now bare of twigs beneath their
branching crowns, were like squads of wood warriors at parade
inspection, each detachment separated by a lane of snow. As
we got into the woods I found this due to a regular system of
roads and crossroads, not particularly noticeable in summer, but
now the highways leading to a broad shack set close against the
hillside. One roadway ran straight by the back of this cabin
almost level with its roof, and all the intersecting branches
seemed to converge upon it, for here, I learned, the sap boiling
was done.

''Guess you've got to help open camp," was Ray's order as he
fumbled with a rusty lock ; and I was enrolled for the season.

Within the boiling house I was introduced to the evaporator,
really a great pan four by sixteen feet in dimensions, fixed above
a furnace or fire-pot of brick and masonry, the pan bridging
over the two side walls which connected with a tall chimney at
one end. There was a door equipped with a damper closing the
front. The evaporator pan itself had a corrugated bottom and
was divided into a number of similar connecting compartments
by a sequence of partitions. If you soldered together half a
dozen tin boxes such as wafers come in, you would have an
approximation of what it looked like. Everywhere about the room
were tin pails stacked in tall columns or stowed on shelves.

From a closed box Ray unearthed a quantity of what he called
"spouts" metal cylinders about two and a half inches long,
but of very small bore. Each had a little metal drip at one end
and a little projection on the upper surface about an inch from the
other end that was to hold the pail. The ordinary pipe stem if
notched to keep the pail from slipping near the end driven
into the tree would make a working but not advisable model.
We spent much of the day cleaning out the pails, boiling the
spouts and then set out to "plug" the trees.

(190)

MARCH.

1913

HOUSE

AND

GARDEN

191

Ray carried a brace and bit, an ax, and a load of spouts ; I
as many of the pails as possible. Going to the crest of the ridge
Ray started work on a tree on the outside of the sap bush, and
gently smoothed the bark off with his ax at a point a little above
waist high, taking care not to chip it. He tilted the auger up-
ward at a slight angle and bored a hole about two inches deep,
carefully removed any shavings or chips and hammered in a
spout, so that it just penetrated the outside bark. The hole that
he had made was a trifle under a half inch in diameter and as the
tree was a large one, I judged it merely penetrated the wood next
the bark.

''It's better to bore on the south or east side of a tree because
you get a better flow," he explained. "Guess the sun has some-
thing to do with it. If I let you do any of the tapping, don't you
go so deep on a young tree. An inch to an inch and a half is
enough."

So we worked as rapidly as possible. Sometimes I noticed that
he hung two buckets and occasionally three where the trees were
especially large. Usually true to this belief about sun influence,
he selected a spot unshaded by other growth. Since he saw that
I was curious at the procedure, he volunteered:

"Some says that two buckets kills a tree, but where the stock
is full grown first growth I never see the tree done harm by two,
and I use three on the big fellers, but they don't want to be close
together or one above another.''

The buckets were hung by slipping the spout through a hole
near the upper rim. The little ridge on the spout held them from
sliding off. They were of light tin plate, soldered on the outside
and of about ten quarts capacity, and as the slope of the sides
was but little from the perpendicular they hung close against the
tree and in this way took much of the strain from the spout.

After a hard day's work I had the satisfaction of seeing all
the good trees fitted with sap buckets and nothing else to do but

wait for a slight thaw to start the sap running. We were none
too forehanded about our preparations, for the next day found
the temperature much moderated, and on excitedly visiting the
bush we were delighted to find the sap issuing drop by drop from
the little metal spigots. When I returned from a reconnoitering
expedition I found that Ray and a gang of helpers were busy
by the boiling house in fastening a big tank upon a sled that
looked like a stone boat set on broad runners. A supply of
gathering buckets tin pails fitted with handles, but broader at
the bottom than the top and of greater capacity than the tree
buckets was being distributed. The omniscient Ray informed
me that this peculiarity of shape made the pails more stable in
carrying; that they didn't slop over easily and were not apt to
tip when the edge of the receiving bucket was rested upon them
in pouring out the sap.

It was a bright balmy morning toward the last of February as
we started work. The snow melted rapidly beneath a warm sun
and everywhere the ground covering of leaves appeared. Some
suggestions of spring's awakening seemed to get in the blood as
we worked and we felt atune to Nature's throbbing back to life.
You have seen a dog stretch ; well, some of that animal ecstasy
filled us. It was as though we ourselves were part of nature and
the sap a new blood coursing through our veins. Muscles seemed
to long for the strain of emptying the buckets and carrying the
heavy pails. We all worked actively. My throat grew dry and
thirsty, and I seemed to crave the clear, icy liquid in the pails.
It tasted like sugared water with just a tang present, but was
apparently as thin as water. It is a sort of superstition among
the workers that the sap is a sort of potent, heady beverage, and
whether due to unwonted exercise or not, when evening came I
found my temples throbbing and my head light and buzzing.

As the work progressed the necessity of the network of paths
became apparent. The sled with its receiving tank passed along

After the bark was smoothed and a small hole bored. Ray carefully
drove in the spout

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .

The tin receiving bucket he slipped over the metal spout, and a little
ridge kept it from sliding off

102

| HOUSE AND GARDEN I

MARCH, 1913

Working from tree to tree the receiving buckets were emptied into pecu-
liar carrying pails broader at the bottom than at the top

the roadway and was in touch with every section, and since we
worked downward from the crest of the ridge it was driven
below us, and we had but a few steps to carry the full buckets.
Even the horses seemed to be alive to spring's approach and
worked well, but when the sled was
stopped, greedily reached for every
green twig that rose through the
snow. In some places where the sled
had to go the snow had completely
melted, but the broad runners slid eas-
ily over the slippery leaves and wet
ground. When the tank was full it
was driven down to the back of the
boiling house and its outlet connected
with a pipe leading to a great storage
tank within the camp and the contents
allowed to flow down. By evening
the buckets had all been emptied, and
those that had been seen to first, had
been emptied a second time, but in
the early afternoon the run had been
sufficient to start boiling, and I
changed my occupation by going into
the sap house and helping at the
evaporator.

Between the walls of the fire com-
partment logs had been stacked and a
roaring fire was heating the pan. The sap ran from the storage
tank trickling a zigzag course from one compartment to another,
but its flow was controlled so that in each section there was a
tittle more than an inch depth of sap. The whole pan seemed to

At nightfall the boiling still went on in the glowing
cabin

One morning ice was found in the pails. This was thrown away, but
what sap remained unfrozen was retained

be aboil and steaming, and the compartments showed very dif-
ferent colors. Where the sap entered it was clear, but by the
time it had reached the last section it was dark and sirupy. One
man with what looked like a dust pan with a perforated bottom

skimmed off a brownish froth that
gathered.

Ray looked in the last compartment
shortly after the pan had been boil-
ing and seemed to be critically testing
the bubbles as they rose to the surface.
In a little while he remarked, "Guess
she's about done;" and pulling be-
neath the spigot a large milk can
fitted with a wide funnel top over
which was stretched a piece of felt as
a strainer, let the sirup drain off.

So the process continued. A con-
stant supply of sap found its way into
the evaporator, worked its way left-
right down the pan, getting thicker
and heavier as it progressed, until at
regular intervals it was drawn eff as
sirup. I wondered again at the knowl-
edge that could tell the finished sap,
for I knew that it must be of standard
weight and density.

"Some tells one way, some another,"
said Ray. "The feller from the Experiment Station told us to
get this little glass thing to test it." He showed me what was
familiar at once, a Baume hydrometer. "You draw off some sap
into a tall jar, fill it full to the brim and put this thing in and see

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

193

how high she floats. He supplied me with a table of figgers to
make corrections, for he said the blamed thing rides higher as
the sap is hotter. So when you are through with readin' a
thermometer and figurin' and one thing and another, the sap is
right if this reads somewhere around 35.6. But I am willing to
bet any of them fellers that I can tell by the bubbles when the
sap is right oftener than I could with this thing."

And even though I would ordinarily prefer the laboratory
method and the useful hydrometer, I felt that where there were
such men as Ray the
process might better go
without them.

"You've got to get this
pretty near right," con-
tinued Ray, "for if you
can the stuff too thin,
she'll go sour, and if its
too thick in a few days
your can may be full of
rock candy."

The boiling did not stop
at suppertime for there
had been a heavy run of
sap, and as it grew
dark the house still was
wrapped in steam and shot
strange beams of light
from crevice and window.
Ray started a fire outside
between two great stones.
When the logs had burned
down to a glowing bed of
coals, he swung a great
iron kettle between the
stones so that it might be
easily tipped when neces-
sary, and filled it with sap. The fire was kept hot but not allowed
to flame up or smoke.

"We used to have to do it all this way before the boss got that
pan in there. I'll admit the other works faster and it may give
you better sirup and sugar, but I hate to give up the outside boil-
ing. Somehow the sap season don't seem real without it."

The sap was soon boiling, and as it browned into the proper
sugar color, he added a little fresh sap every now and then "to
keep it clear."

We sat around the fire eating a frugal meal, but with great
relish. Ray added eggs that he boiled in the sap and a kind of
candy white and sticky that he called "jackwax." He filled a
pan with snow and with a ladle poured a little of the boiling

The sled, driven over a network of roads, saved distance in carrying the sap

mixture over it. It congealed almost at once, and Ray turning it
on the tines of an old iron fork, handed it to me.

"I guess this jackwax ought to beat any store stuff you must
have been getting," he remarked. And it surely did.

The boiling was continued, as Ray wished to try the first
"sugaring-off." Since the sap seemed to grow still thicker, Ray
took a great spoon and began stirring vigorously. More foam
appeared to gather than in the evaporator, and it was skimmed
off from time to time. Once he added a little sweet lard and the

surface seemed to be less

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ disturbed. He tested the

liquid occasionally on the
snow, and examined it
critically. At last he said
conclusively, "She's done,"
and poured the contents
into some pans that he had
brought and set us each to
stirring them rapidly. The
material was quite thick as
he poured, and I saw that
in the pan I was stirring the
liquid turned rapidly, sug-
aring almost to the con-
sistency of pulled taffy. I
was advised to keep on
stirring, and finally when
the pan had been set in the
snow I found that it had
changed into creamy maple
sugar.

''Most of this we do in
the kitchen after the sirup
is boiling, but this sort of
helps to find out what kind
of sugar we're goin' to get.

Sometimes it's good and white and other times sort of mushy in
the center. But it looks good this year. Some folks can all their
supply in sirup and some cake it all in sugar. That you have been
using all winter was in cakes. It takes less room to store it and
you can melt it up easily when you want the sirup."

When we had finished the operation of "sugaring-off" I noticed
that with nightfall it had grown much colder. Indeed, it was
again freezing weather, for the steaming drops from the roof
of the camp had frozen into little icicles.

I disappointedly remarked, "I suppose this ends the "sugaring-
off."

"Not on your life it don't," was Ray's enthusiastic reply. "It
(Continued on page 230)

The receiving tank was fastened on a broad-runnered sled, and fitted with a funnel-like opening with a strainer to keep out twigs and leaves

IQ 4

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

Even the photograph of Mr.
Deshler's house shows how well the
brickwork is used, not only to give
color effect, but texture as well.
The difference in the various units
produces the appearance of a fa-
bric. Above the course of upright
stretchers the bricks are laid with
just the headers showing, and some
are laid in an interesting design as
shown between the windows

A House of
Distinctive Brickwork

THE RESIDENCE OF

From the front the house appears
perfectly symmetrical, but the plan
shows a variety in the rear where
the reception room with its bay
window looks out upon the wooded
part of the grounds and the kitchen
is extended toward the service yard
and vegetable garden. All the
space is made to tell, but beauty
is not sacrificed in this economy
and there is diversity of surface

JOHN G. DESHLER, COLUMBUS, OHIO

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

An interesting stairway treatment is shown here where the treads are
enameled in white. A warm color is given in the stair carpet

When the entertaining possibilities of the living-room are overtaxed,
there is a reception room of generous size available opening from it

The dining-room shows an effective use of simple details used in harmonious balance. The French doors open onto the sun room paved in tile.

This provides an entrance way into the garden

nside the House

Timely Suggestions and
Answers to Correspondents

Some New Chintzes

ANEW line of chintzes, put on the
market recently, consists of reprints
from the original handmade blocks a cen-
tury old. A special feature of those
chintzes is that some of them are glazed,
like the "copper-plate" used by our great-
grandparents as bedhangings and for
other purposes. The glazed ones have the
advantage of not needing to be laundered,
for a considerable time at least, and used
as window curtains and cushion covers,
the material adds to the old-time effect de-
sired in a modern Colonial bed-chamber.
The old blocks, considerately left stored
away by our English cousins of a hundred
years ago, are constructed by the insertion
of very small pieces of shaped copper rib-
bon driven into their faces, the interstices
filled with felt or rabbit's hair. They are
said to represent the high-water mark of
hand engraving and to be practically im-
possible of duplication today. Those of us
who possess pieces of the genuine old
"copper-plate" are interested in this re-
vival. It is suggested that a similar rein-
carnation of the printed scrims now in
vogue would be acceptable. For attrac-
tive all-over patterns, scrim would make
charming and inexpensive window cur-
tains for the country home sleeping rooms.

Someone advised using fine screen wire,
painted green. This held earth and plants
securely and was not unsightly, yet had
the appearance of moss-filled baskets.
Others I filled with small sods, with the
green outside : by keeping the grass care-
fully clipped I have good looking hanging
baskets without moss.

Two Schemes for Hanging Baskets

THE task of taking down my hanging
baskets for their nightly immersion
in a tub of water, was irksome because of
the strength necessary to lift the heavy
baskets. I have now devised a pulley
system which does the work with ease.
The hooks which supported the baskets
were set into the porch cornice about a
foot below the ceiling; I screwed a small
pulley into the ceiling above each basket,
and fastened a strong cord to the handle
of each basket, which was then passed up
over the pulley, hanging down to the
floor. A steady pull on the cord lifts the
basket from the hook, when it may be
gently and steadily lowered to the floor :
another pull on the cord restores it to its
former position on the hook.

Wishing to start some wire hanging
baskets for the porch I found it impossible
to obtain moss with which to line them.

Re-gluing Furniture

IF you have never been successful in re-
gluing furniture so that it will_ stay
glued, you may be in future by adding a
coat of shellac or colorless varnish. It
is the dampness attacking the glue which
undoes the most careful work, and when
this is protected by a coat of varnish
(after the glue is dry) you will have no
further trouble.

Marbleized Steps and Floors

PAINTERS say that the fashion of
marbleizing front steps is coming
back and that it may even extend to kitchen
floors as was the case a generation or less
ago. Young people of to-day do not know
what a marbleized floor looks like, but

One of the glazed chintzes which are now
being reprinted

their fathers and mothers will remember
the time when it was common for kitchen
floors to be treated in this manner and
when it was not unusual to find the floors
in dining-rooms of attractive houses so
decorated.

This is not a plea for the style, but only
a statement of fact. That many people
like it is shown by the report of the paint-
ing fraternity that more steps have been
marbleized the past season than for years
previously and the interest in this method
of treatment seems to be growing.

Some painters do not know how to be-
gin the work, but veterans at the trade
have not forgotten. First the body color
is applied, a strong yellow. When that
has become dry, the painter takes a shingle
in one hand and a brush full of white
paint in the other and creeps across the
floor, striking the brush on the shingle so
as to distribute the paint in patches of
widely varying size. When the white
paint has dried, the performance is re-
peated, except that black paint is used. If
the painter is expert, the result is quite a
good imitation of marble.

When steps which are being marbleized
are short enough so that the painter can
reach all over them from one position, he
does not wait for the paint to dry, but ap-
plies one coat after the other. First, how-
ever, he pins papers on any side wood
work which may be exposed, for there is
considerable spattering of paint.

A really new fashion in floors calls for
stencil borders and is finding favor among
many people. The stenciling is done in
the usual way and if harmonious colors
are used, the effect is good.

Cleaning Brassware

BRASS teakettles, or, in fact, any article
of brass with the exception of Be-
nares ware, can easily be cleaned in the
following way:

First wash the brass well in suds made
of equal parts of ammonia and water and
soap. This will remove all dirt from the
article, leave it free from grease and give
it a semi-polish. Then an extra polish
may be put on with a good brass polish.
If the brass looks hopelessly tarnished,
any good powder that is used for cleaning
silver or brass, if moistened with vinegar

(196)

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

1 97

and applied vigorously, will remove the
tarnish and leave a shiny surface. This
treatment does not apply to lacquered
brass, which never needs cleaning.

Lamp Wick Hints

TO keep the wicks of oil lamps in good
condition remove them from the
burners once a week, put them in water
containing enough washing powder to
make a good suds, and boil them for half
an hour or more. This will remove the
oil and leave them bright and clean. Do
not cut the wick to secure a better light,
but turn it just above the tube and rub
off the charred portion with a match.

Built-in Furniture

ALTHOUGH designed primarily for
the purpose of saving space and ex-
pense in bungalows and small cottages,
built-in furniture may often be employed
with good effect in houses of a much more
pretentious character.

In the Eastern States furnishings of
this sort have heretofore been limited al-
most entirely to window-seats and book-
cases, but in the West, notably in Southern
California, where the bungalow is omni-
present, buffets, china closets, writing
desks and even beds are as much a part of
the woodwork as are the door jambs and
window casings. In one sense it has been
rather overdone and worked to death,
particularly in California, the idea being
to put up houses that require as little furni-
ture as possible, so that the man of small
means who wants to own his own home,
or the winter transients who desire to go
to housekeeping at small expense, may be
accommodated.

At the same time, however, out of the
mass of good, bad and indifferent furni-
ture of this sort designed by bungalow ex-
perts there are excellent ideas that may be
adapted to the house that is not necessarily
of the bungalow type. This is particularly
true of dining-room fittings. In a living-

A heavy willow jardiniere frame of wide
adaptation

room, with the exception of built-in book-
cases, movable pieces of furniture seem
rather more appropriate, but the dining-
room lends itself admirably to the scheme
for stationary furniture.

Primarily there is the china closet.
China must be kept somewhere, but with
the exception of the old three-cornered
Colonial piece, the average china closet is
an eyesore and a thing to be banished from
a well-arranged dining-room. The built-in
closet affords much greater space, is less
conspicuous, and if properly planned adds
not a little to the ornamental effect of the
woodwork, for it can be made artistic.

Of course a handsome sideboard of
mahogany or oak is preferred to the built-
in variety, but if there are limitations in
floor space as well as in purse a buffet may
be designed and built in connection with
the china closet. It is not only satisfactory
in appearance, but provides space for com-
modious drawers for silver and table linen,
a feature not always to be found in side-
boards, even those of massive construction.

China closets built on either side of the
chimney piece make an attractive addition
to a dining-room if a built-in buffet is ,not
needed, and in many cases a corner cup-
board matching the woodwork of the room,
with leaded glass doors and shelves for
holding china is a decided convenience
even when the dining-room is well fur-
nished with separate pieces.

A Hanging Frame for the Jardiniere

ONE of the newer additions to the long
list of things that help to make the
outdoor living-room attractive is a .sub-
stantial hanging frame for a jardiniere ''of
large size. It is a rather crude looking
affair of heavy willow strips plaited and
wrapped until they are capable of sustain-
ing a very considerable weight, such as a
jardiniere filled with earth must r of neces-
sity be. In appearance the frame is tlror-
oughly in keeping with its outdoor sur-
roundings, however, is of course ^un-
harmed by wind and weather, and is suit-
able for jardinieres of every description,
whether brass, pottery or crockery. : :'
The willow is in the natural color 'but
can easily be stained to match the color df
the piazza, if desired. The frame is about
four feet high and can be placed on the
floor and used as a stand for a jardiniere
that is to occupy a corner of the piazza,
although it is primarily intended for -a.
hanging plant. On account of its sub-
stantial construction vines growing in the
jardiniere may be trained over the large
side handles as well as over the different
sections of the main one with good effect.

A particularly good effect is given by the position and design of the
built-in china closets in this well-lighted dining-room

Simplicity and usefulness are well combined in these cupboards and
drawers, which are in harmony with the rest of the woodwork

Conducted by
F. F. ROCKWELL

The Editor will be glad to answer subscribers' queries pertaining to individual problems connected with the
tjardcns and grounds. 1 1' hen a direct personal reply is desired please enclose a self-addressed stamped envelope

MARCH, for the gardener, is about
the most deceptive month in the
whole calendar. It is deceptive in that,
during such rough and uncomfortable
weather, there seems to be absolutely noth-
ing that one can do as far as gardening is
concerned. The ground is still frozen
hard or the mud is still deep, so that one
does not feel like going out to remove the
bean and tomato poles which were not
pulled up last fall, as they should have
been. Even when the blustering winds
have dried the soil enough so that it will
bear up a man's weight, one is apt to find
that Jack Frost still has firm hold of any-
thing that sticks down in the ground more
than eight inches and the discouraged
enthusiast returns to the shelter of the
house with the feeling that this year
spring never will come back.

The Big Task for March

MARCH, however, is but the calm be-
fore the storm. That may seem
like putting the metaphor the wrong end
to, but in reality it is not, for April is sure
to bring a sudden flood of things insistent
for immediate attention which annually
swamps an army of unprepared gardeners.
First of all March is the month to get
quick results, both actual and potential,
out of your coldframe. Do not let your-
self off with the statement that you have
not the time to build or can not afford to
buy coldframes and sashes. You cannot
afford to be without them ! Here for in-
stance is an outfit which would cost you
from ten to fifteen dollars, including the
lumber for the frames, if you are willing
to contribute personally the work of mak-
ing the frames about which, when you
once get it started, you will become more
interested than Tom Sawyer's friends with
his whitewashed fence. And I haven't a
doubt that some enthusiastic neighbor will
be dropping in to offer to help you with
it, or at the very least show you how it
should be done, before you get the first
row of posts into the ground. What you
would require for this standard outfit is
one "double-light" sash, two sash, and
three light frames which you can cover
yourself with "protecting cloth," which
can be had from reliable feed nouses at

from nine to twelve cents a yard, accord-
ing to the grade that you get. All these
sashes are 3x6 feet in size. The frame,
consequently, will be 18 feet 5 inches long,
inside measurements, allowing one inch
for the elbow on the cross bar between
each two sashes. The frame should be
about twelve inches high in front and six
inches in the back ; correspondingly
deeper, of course, if you expect to add soil
or manure to the inside surface of the
soil. There should be a light board parti-
tion, such as you could make out of pack-
ing qr cracker boxes, between the three
different kinds of sashes. To support the
frames, simply drive down two-by-four
posts firmly at each corner, and about
every five feet of the length of the frame.
To cover all cracks between the boards,
you can tack a layer of old newspapers
over the outside you can get a large
bundle of these for five cents from your
news-dealer and bank earth up against
this at back and front and both ends. Of
course, the sooner vou can get the frame

Old boxes may readily be converted into
inexpensive but serviceable flats

made and the sashes in place, the sooner
the frame will be ready to use; but the re-
turns from this little 6x8 piece of ground
which can be used for a great variety of
purposes, should be at least from eighteen
to thirty dollars through the spring and
early summer months ; and that remember,
is for one season only, and both frames
and sashes will last for a great many years
if you take care of them. One of the
main uses for it, of course, is to take care
of the overflow of seedling plants started
earlier either in the house or hotbed, and
that are now ready to transplant. Cab-
bage, lettuce, cauliflower and beet plants
will be safe under the protecting doth
frames in an ordinary season, after the
first of March. Extra early crops of
lettuce, radishes, beets and carrots may be
brought forward under the single glass
sash and those covered with protecting
cloth, while the glass is used elsewhere
over more tender vegetables. The single
glass sash may be utilized as a hotbed at
this season for such tender things as toma-
toes, peppers and egg-plants started
therein. Seedlings and the cuttings of
tender things for the flower garden should
not be overlooked and the biennials and
the perennials which may be treated as
annuals should be included in the early
plantings.

Prepare for Outdoor Planting

IF your seed order has not already been
made out and forwarded, be sure to
order at once the seeds of such vegetables
as beets, turnips, radishes, extra early
peas, and anything else that you will want
to put in at the first planting, which is now
not far distant.

It is surprising what a great number of
potatoes may be had from even a few
short rows in the garden where they are
given very good care in the way of cultiva-
tion and spraying for bugs and blights.
The latter job is a very easy one if you
happen to possess one of the small com-
pressed air tank sprayers which have be-
come so popular during recent years. To
have the earliest and biggest crop of pota-
toes possible, it is necessary to start the
tubers before planting. To do this pro-
cure a number of ordinary flats, made out

(198)

HOUSE AND GARDEN

199

of boxes, and fill them about half full of
medium coarse sand. Each box will hold
enough for at least a hundred hills, as the
potatoes are cut up into pieces containing
one or at the most two eyes each, before
they are placed in the sand. These pieces
are made narrower and longer than when
cutting for planting in the regular way.
The lower half may be inserted in the sand
and the upper half left above. They art-
packed in as tight as they will go without
touching each other, a little additional
sand is sifted over them, and they are
watered thoroughly, and the boxes placed
where they can receive plenty of light,
preferably direct sunlight, and a mini-
mum temperature of forty degrees at
night. Within a few weeks the plants will
be ready to set out and will be found to
have made a remarkably large root growth
and comparatively little top growth. If
a sprout here and there seems to be getting
too ambitious it may be pinched off when
four or five inches high. When the sprouts
are ready to plant, open the furrows three
or four inches deep and place them in the
bottom about thirteen inches apart with
the roots turned down, covering tops and
all where the latter are very short. In
fact, if they are set out before all danger
of frost is over, it is better to have the
tops covered in this manner so that they
will not be cut back in case Jack Frost hap-
pens to take a last look around before leav-
ing for the season. For garden culture,
where a horse will not be used, the or-
dinary varieties of potatoes may be planted
as close as twenty-eight or even twenty-
four inches apart between the rows with
advantage, the more densely the vines
may cover the ground and still have room
to mature properly, the better it will be,
as the ensuing shade saves soil moisture.
In case of a severe and long-continued
drought in June, it will be necessary to
furnish some water to potatoes started in
this way, as otherwise the little tubers
which have set will not be enabled to de-
velop.

Good Things for the Flower Garden

THERE are a number of very fine flow-
ers which have not yet come into as
universal use as they deserve, although they
have been growing more popular every

year; chief among these, perhaps, are the
new forms of tuberous begonias. One
thing which has kept many people from
trying these beautiful and very valuable
flowers is that the bulbs cost anywhere
from seventy-five cents to $1.50 a dozen,
and the growing plants about twice that
amount. It should be remembered, how-
ever, that each bulb without any further
expense and very little trouble, will live
for a great many years, giving a hand-
somer showing each succeeding season.
They should be started indoors as early in

1 ^i^^^ ^^Hl^^^

When started in pots, peas are arranged thus
before covering

A small but efficient hotbed for starting early
plants

the spring as possible, in a warm place,
putting each bulb by itself in a small pot,
filled with a very light, rich compost.
Water sparingly at first until growth
starts, the concave side of the bulb being
placed uppermost. As soon as the pot be-
comes filled with roots, change the plant to
a larger pot, and continue to do this as
often as the plant needs shifting. During
the summer, plants need to be either kept
in the pots or set out in the ground ; in
either case, they make a truly magnificent
display.

Salpiglossis, which until the last few
years has remained undeveloped, is another
flower whose new forms are beginning
to create quite a sensation as they be-
come more widely known. This plant is
very easily grown, is a free and continuous
bloomer and the flowers are remarkable
both for their wonderful velvety texture
and the strikingly unique coloring and
veinings. The seedlings, which are very
easily grown, should be started indoors or
in a hotbed early in the spring in order to
get results early in the summer. They
can, however, be started outdoors along
with the main lot of the garden flowers in
late April or May. However, if you can,
get a package now, and sow a row or two
in one of your seed boxes. Pot off the

little plants when they are large enough
and keep them in a frame until about the
middle of May, when they can go out-
doors.

One still frequently sees a gladioli bed
in which there appear nothing but the solid
colored, small-flowered types which repre-
sented this genus of flowers twenty-five or
thirty years ago. Still worse there are
many gardens from which their tall, grace-
ful flowers are missing altogether. This
means a great mistake on the part of the
gardeners, because even a single bulb of
the wonderful new sorts which have been
introduced so freely during the past years
will make quite a gorgeous showing, and
from that one bulb in the course of two
or three years you can get a fairly large
supply, as they propagate very readily in-
deed, and quite automatically.

Proper Drainage and Irrigation

THERE are two kinds of garden in-
surance which many people neglect
altogether, although they pay as big divi-
dends as any investment which you can
possibly make. The first of these is drain-
age; the second, irrigation. The water
supply is an extremely important factor in
the control of plant life of all kinds and
the remarkable thing about it is that too
much is every bit as bad as too little. Now
the ordinary home garden, and the flower
garden, and the lawn too for that matter,
where the soil happens to be too heavy,
could readily and cheaply be drained in
most cases where the place does not happen
to be situated in a hollow, and even then
there is usually some lowest point to which
the water could be conducted without
much trouble.

Under ordinary conditions, a half-acre
garden could be under-drained for from
twenty-five to fifty dollars probably
nearer the first figure. The drains round
drain tiles with collars should be placed
at least three feet deep, and if they can be
put four, it will be much better. The lines
should be for the former depth, twenty to
thirty feet apart, according to the charac-
ter of the soil ; if four feet deep, they will
accomplish as much if put thirty to fifty
feet apart so it pays to put them in deep.
Drainers may prove of the greatest benefit.

Cucumber plants may be started indoors in the
early spring

E D1TORJ AL

HYPERBOLE ON T7ORMERLY when one doubted the au-

FARMS -F thenticity of a tale one made veiled

allusions to its connection with the fish

business amateur let it be understood and felt that a telling
blow had been delivered against it. So the term has become a
classification. We would urge a rival epithet with just a shade of
difference in meaning the back-to-nature yarn. We do not wish
to imply that all the glowing stories of the return to the farm are
fabrications far from it but we do wish to show that important
considerations are neglected which by their omission completely
change the color of the narration. The rosy portrayal of reaping
a fat livelihood from five acres is misleading because it neglects
the personal element, or the scale element, or banking on ideal
conditions, fails to discount contingencies such as blight, bad sea-
son, or inclement weather.

There was a tale that stirred the imaginations of many by tell-
ing how a farm was made to pay. It described a city-bred indi-
vidual who without previous experience went to the country and
cultivated his land until it yielded a rich return. The plantings
and their dates were given, there were specific details of varieties
and care. All this was beyond dispute for experiment station
methods. But the profits were figured in the terms of a small patch
less than an acre, and the inference was that were the same plans
carried out on a sizable truck farm the returns would be merely a
matter of multiplication. In the first place, the scrupulous care
that netted extraordinary results could not be given to any but a
very limited area without a great increase in the cost of produc-
tion necessitated by extra labor and farm machinery. Next, the
products had not been actually sold, but were reckoned in terms
of their market value at a point quite distant from where they
were grown. Middleman's charges, marketing expenses, and
transportation were forgotten. Such discrepancies altered the
story, and if any deluded individuals followed the sanguine in-
structions they were doomed to dismal failure. The plan was put
of scale.

So run the other will-o'-the-wisp stories. They tellof results
under ideal conditions, and the one who follows their directions
finds that he is thwarted by insurmountable obstacles. Rain,
drought, freezing weather, an off-season for his crop, make in-
finite changes in the return. These things should be figured in by
the man who looks hopefully to the country. What is more, the
ever-present menace of a blight may change the credit balance to
a heavy debit. This is not a pessimistic view of farming, but it is
a caution to the one who rushes into it for a livelihood without a
full knowledge of the extent of his undertaking. The farm stories
are misleading also in their neglect of the personal element. They
fail to make note of the fact that the novitiate farmer in the story
is apparently as strong as a mule and has a capacity for fourteen
hours of labor a day. and a bulldog tenacity of keeping at his work
fair weather or foul.

All these are considerations that we think are necessary where
a man changes his occupation and takes up farming as a business.
If a farm is bought simply as an investment in happiness, they do
not weigh so heavily, but when livelihood and income are depend-
ent upon the land, such warnings are vital.

It is to clear away the mist of misapprehension in regard to
farming as an occupation that we publish John Anthony's story.
The Eldorado seeker is still -enticed to disappointment as he was
in '49. To-day the golden hope is a sinecure of broad lands sowed
by scattering seeds to the wind and harvested with as little exer-
tion as Lamb's roast pig was eaten. But it was no such luxuriant
garden waiting to be harvested that made so many Western fruit
growers successful. It was persistent work, well and intelligently
and vigorously applied.

We think John's actual experience as interesting as the
imaginary farm tales, besides being a real test. The first year he
had good luck and scientific methods told well. This last year
was the so-called "off year" for apples, and it required resource-
fulness to turn failure into success. He glosses over no hard-
ships and shows what work had to be done. He spent time in
learning essentials at the summer school of an Agricultural Col-
lege. To get results it meant long hours and constant exertion.
Such a story will be inspirational to the man who honestly wants
to become a twentieth century pioneer, to emigrate back to the
land, but it will shy off the dilettante farmer, the seeker for easy
and large returns, and in so doing save many a disappointment
and loss.

SUGARING-OFF
TIME

TIT'HAT a pity it would be if the seasons

were lost to us, if life simply rolled
on before the same background. To us the

tropic's perpetual summer sunshine would be as unbearable as the
continual arctic ice. One does not grow old simply by the tale
of years ; one may often count his youth by them, so why urge
that death's-head warning of the Omar school Carpe diem. The
seasons' change, our one actual time marker, is not at all a
melancholy event. Instead of sadly sighing: "Forty winters
old," there would be a joy in smiling: "Sixty springs young."
Everything that marks that change to spring is really welcome;
worth cherishing. In other days each portent had its celebration
apart from the grand festival of Spring's arrival. To-day almost
all the festival spirit is left to children while they are young
enough not to know any better than to believe in Santa Claus or
enjoy the Maypole dance. No, dear reader, we would not dare
the eternal ignominy of the twentieth century's direst curse "re-
actionary !" by suggesting any revival of Nature festivals. What
we were approaching was a Spring festival that pays we are
not at all idealistic in cash. It is the time of Maple Sugaring.

During those days when winter reluctantly retires step by step,
often changing his mind and making ugly rushes back again to
blow his frosty breath just upon the spot where the discarded
camel's hair was thickest ; in those fretful, doubtful days of long-
ing comes the sugar season. And when you are in the midst of
it you forget awhile, to awake and find yourself plump in the
lap of spring with new pleasures due. I scorn the scientific
doctrine of the reaction of the body every seven years. One is
born anew with the flow of the sap each year. That is Spring's
eucharist, the joyful celebration of the reawakening of life in
Nature and in man. It gives a stir of new vigor to the woods
that is reflected in the bodies of men in a more vigorous pulse
beat, in a delight in muscular work.

In the country they still have "sugaring-off" parties. The
nights are wintry, but the fire drives away the chill, and there is
a light-hearted joviality that no indoor good time ever permitted.
To eat the sweet jackwax and stir maple sugar is an annual treat
looked forward to and remembered. The excitement of wild
games played in the sap bush where the fire cast strange shadows
over the icy remnants of winter snow, when seen in recollection
appears Olympian. Surely the quality and taste of ambrosia was
surpassed by the delicacy of boiling sirup poured on snow.

But it isn't the delicious taste of the boiled sirup or the sugar,
it isn't the fascination of the night picnics that gives all the thrill ;
it is the magic time of the change in season. Even the men in the
bush, working in the melted slush with the first warming sun
above them, begin to feel it. Whether sap simply typifies this
change or whether it infuses the spring vigor of nature, cannot
be said, but it's worth while experimenting, even if there is only
one solitary sugar maple near you.

(200)

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

20 1

The above illustration shows the Entrance Hall and Living Room cf a
Country Residence, in early Georgian style, designed by W. & J. Sloane

Country House Furnishings

The decoration of the Country House may be accomplished in a satisfactory and artistic
manner by the selection of one of the early English styles of Decoration and Furnishing.

A specialty of our establishment is the designing and execution of such Interiors. Upon
work of this character we bring to bear every facility of the most complete organization of
its kind in the world a stjxff of designers, decorators and artisans possessing the capacity
to meet any requirement.

Our large stocks of Furniture, Fabrics and Floor Coverings for Country Homes afford
the widest possible latitude for appropriate selection and the expression of personal taste.

W. & J. SLOANE

Interior Decorators Furniture Makers

Fabrics and Floor Coverings

Fifth Avenue and Forty-Seventh Street, New York

ig- air-

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

202

I HOUSE AND GARDEN |

MARCH, 1913

"HERE'S MY
BURGLAR INSURANCE"

"~^~ ^^^^^^--
That sense of security which banishes care accompanies the use of

Corbin Locks

P. & F. GORBIN

Division

The American Hardware Corporation
NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT

P. &. F. CORBIN
of Chicago

P. & F. CORBIN

of New York

P. & F. CORBIN Division
Philadelphia

Start a Fernery

Brighten up the deep, shady nooks on your lawn, or that dark
porch corner just the places for our hardy wild ferns and wild flower
collections. We have been growing them for 25 years and know
what varieties are suited to your conditions. Tell us the kind
of soil you have light, sandy, clay and we will advise you

Gillett's Ferns and Flowers

will give the charm of nature to your yard. These include not only hardy wild
ferns but native orchids and flowers for wet and swampy spots, rocky hinsTdes
and dry woods We also grow such hardy flowers as primroses campanulas
digits is. violets, hepancas. tnlliums. and wildflowers which require open sunliKht
as well as shade. If you want a bit of an old-time wildwood garden with flowers
liust as Nature grows them-send for our new catalogue and let us advise you
|what to select and how to succeed with them.

EDWARD GILLETT'Boac B, Soulhwlck, Mass.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

The Further Adventures of John
Anthony

(Continued from page 176)

had it." This year on just two occasions
we were able to pick apples on two consec-
utive days ! Rain came always on alter-
nate days and often continued for several
when it commenced, despite the "always"
of pleasant weather. But Mr. West had
opened up a channel of escape for some of
my corked-up energy. I scoured the coun-
try, gathered in all the available help and
we tackled those green apples. A single
day brought more than a hundred barrels
under cover. The enthusiasm was con-
tagious and trees were denuded at a rapid
rate. The next day all hands were on the
hilltop at an early hour, and we threw our-
selves into the work with the same vim.
By ten o'clock it was raining! The next
day and the next the wet weather con-
tinued. Then it was that the spirit of the
orchard failed. My own faith broke down
and, as if flashed by lightning, the vim of
optimism and cheerful hope went out of
that crowd. From that time it was fight-
ing against depression and the work
dragged. This is a tale of temporary de-
feat told because it may save someone else
from being wrecked on the same rock.
Success depends on the man at the head,
and if he fails the enterprise will fail.
Never allow yourself to admit failure, or
even to think it, for, subtly, it will per-
meate every department and every worker
on the place and the spirit that makes
success will be lost. I was sunk in an
abyss of gloom when I was lifted out of
it by the unexpected arrival of Mrs. John.
From that moment things began to pick
up, and my sense of proportion came back.
Mrs. John had been called away and I
had had the fight alone. When she came
back, she brought my courage with her,
and conditions took on a new aspect. We
had some apples up to our own standard,
we had many just a little below it and a
lot of second grade stuff. Plans had to be
revised and methods upset for the market-
ing of them. My pet hobby of searching
out the ultimate consumer with a fancy
grade apple had to be largely postponed.
So far as we had the apples we sought
him. Even as I write this he is sending in
duplicate orders for more of those "de-
licious apples." Prices in the city commis-
sion houses were worthless to me for any
;ave high grade fruit, but the local mar-
cet was wide open for seconds. I filled
;his up and put in the cellar enough apples
:o supply the winter and spring demand
from the locality. The lessons of learn-
ing in an unusual season were high, but
:he returns nearly reached my first opti-
nistic figures and brought an understand-
'ng of ways and means that is worth more
han any possible financial loss. Never
again can I allow myself the luxury of
osing courage. With a crop one-fourth
that of last year, I took in half the amount
obtained by Hiram the previous season.
Modern methods must win out in the end.

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

203

Lack of space forbids giving details of
the rearrangement of packing house,
wagons, picking baskets and methods gen-
erally. These were adapted to the condi-
tions existing in my orchard, and without
an exception worked well. Others must
be made another year, but in this line
everyone must work out his own salvation.
Right here comes the joy of the problem,
for it is constructive work, the building up
of an organization that will do more work,
better work, and do it with less effort than
it has been done before. The various
branches of the farm must be planned so
as to work together, to dovetail one with
the other. Time must be utilized whether
it rains or whether the sun shines, always
there must be jobs on hand and in mind
so that sudden shifts can be made to meet
changing conditions. It keeps one alive,
alert and active in mind and body. It is
to live.

The Hospitable Guest Room
(Continued from page 181)

fortable stooping over. Where it is at all
possible it is acceptable to guests to find
some sort of safe where a lady may put
her jewels or a man his valuable papers
without having to worry about them. It
will avoid the necessity of having to con-
trive suitable places.

Another great desideratum in a guest-
chamber is a spacious closet. If the house
has electricity, a light may be so contrived
that it will go on as soon as the closet door
is opened. The closet should be painted
white and enameled inside and above all
things it should be kept absolutely unoc-
cupied and free of any of the family be-
longings or clothing. Too often one finds
a guest-chamber closet used by the hostess
or some of her family as an overflow re-
ceptacle for clothes. A guest-chamber
ought always to be kept in perfect readi-
ness to receive a guest, whether one is ex-
pected or not, and when one does drop in
without warning it does not conduce to a
sense of welcome to have some member of
the family come and fish out of the closet
various things that have been forgotten.
The same caution may be added about all
drawers in the guest-chamber. In the
closet there ought to be either a laundry
bag or a hamper, and lastly, some means
of ventilating the closet should be con-
trived where it can be done.

On the bureau or dresser the thoughtful
hostess will provide a full complement of
brushes, combs, handglass, a pin cushion
full of pins, manicure things and all the
trifling toilet necessaries. These are par-
ticularly essential for the convenience of
dinner guests or those who have unex-
pected occasion to stay over night. It is
better that they should be of plain .ivory
or a substitute of some similar character
rather than of more ornate workmanship,

QUALITY PL1

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Established
1855

The built in Enameled Iron
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with the overhead shower and
shampoo attachment make it an .
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"Wolff" trade mark are a positive
assurance against disapointment,
dissatisfaction and loss.

L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING CO.

MANUFACTURERS OF PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY
The only complete line made by any one firm

6OI-627 W LAKE ST.
SHOWROOMS. Ill N. DEARBORN ST

CHICAGO
BRANCHES

Denver, Trenton, Omaha, Minnea.
Dallas, Rochester, St. Louis, Washington^
Cleveland, Cincinnati, Kansas City,

To secure harmony with natural surroundin

Stained with Dexter Stain*
T. Gill, Architect,
Hnnnhllll

BROTHERS

Bring

out texture and grain of the wood

Paint conceals the beauty of the surface, fades and
blisters costs twice as much. The special preservative
oils in Dexter Stains add years to life of wood. The pure English
ground colors cannot fade. The best finish for shingles and all out-
side woodwork. Recommended by leading architects everywhere.
Write for stained miniature shingles and Booklet A.
DEXTER BROTHERS CO., 115 BROAD ST. BOSTON

BRANCH: 1133 Broadway. New York.
Also makers of Peirifax Cement Coating
AGENTS: H. M. Hooker Co., Chicago; !'. II. MvDuii-
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Paul: F. T. Crowo & Co., Seattle, Tacoma, Wash., an.l
Portland. Ore.: R. McC. Bullincton & Co., Richmond:
A. R Hale, 818 Hmmon HI. IK.. New Orleans: Hog.
chlacKiT Co., Honolulu: and DEALERS

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDKN.

204

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

WHAT THE HOTEL MAN HAS LEARNED

Why do you find solid porcelain fixtures in the
bathrooms of modern hotels?

Because hotel men have learned from experience that solid
porcelain fixtures are more economical than any other kind
when compared on the basis of initial cost, plus servant's time,
plus the cost of upkeep.

There's a valuable hint here for the home builder wise enough
to plan years ahead.

In order to meet all require-
ments, we make plumbing
fixtures in three kinds of ware
Imperial Solid Porcelain,
Extra Heavy Vitreous Ware
and Enamelled Iron. Each
has its proper use in bath-
room equipment.

To enable others to know the
Strong points of each of these wares
ve offer an 80-page booklet, "Modern
plumbing." This book shows 24
views of model bathroom interiors,

One of the illustrations (reducedl from our
booklet. "Modern Flumbinj." Write for it.

ranging in cost from $73 to $3000,
with full description and prices.

THE J. L. MOTT IRON WORKS

1S28 EIGHTY-FIVE YEARS SUPREMACY 1913

FIFTH AVENUE AND SEVENTEENTH STREET, NEW YORK
WORKS AT TRENTON, N. J.

BRANCHES:

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Chicago

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Detroit

Minneapolis
Washington
St. Louis
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San Francisco
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Atlanta

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Portland (ore.)
Indianapolis
Pittsburgh

Cleveland, O.
Kansas City
Salt Lake City

CANADA
TheMottCo. Ltd.
134 Blcury Street.
Montreal, Que.

3405

Send for
SON FRANCISCO I catalogue "

so that they may be made fresh after the
departure of each guest.

If at all practicable, there ought to be
an open fireplace for warmth, ventilation
and cheer, and on the mantel or some-
where else in the room a reliable clock
with an unobtrusive tick and a way of
silencing the strike. Some people do not
like a clock in the room, so it had better
be one that can easily be removed. At the
windows it is best to have two sets of
shades, the outer dark and the inner light,
or else a double-faced single set, light on
the side towards the room and dark with-
out. As to the curtains, let them be sim-
ple, so that they may be often washed.
Broad window sills are not only a boon
but a necessity, for guests, time and again,
like to spread things out in the sun and
air. A French window with a balcony or
porch outside, where clothes may be
brushed and aired, is a great acquisition.
A hardwood or painted floor with small
rugs that can be readily taken up and
beaten is preferable to a carpet, for then
it is much easier to freshen up the room.
And now a word about making the
room attractive and cheerful apart from
its equipment of essentials. Give the
guest-chamber the pleasantest outlook you
can let it be in the front of the house or
in a wing quite away from the workings
of the domestic quarter. If you are proud
of your home you will wish your windows
to show the most pleasing part of your
surroundings to your friends. As for the
room itself, if it can be spacious and airy,
so much the better. At any rate, have the
windows large and cheerful, so that they
will let in plenty of light. If the guest-
chamber is on the sunny side of the house,
or at least where the morning sun will
come in at which time the guest is more
likely to be in the room than later he
will doubtless enjoy the cheery warmth
and light.

There are so many charming possibil-
ities in wall-paper that it would be idle to
attempt any suggestions beyond recom-
mending that the design be light, simple
and restful rather than of intricate pat-
tern. As to color schemes, yellow is al-
ways cheerful in a north room and green
acceptable in a south room, but here again
there are so many possibilities that spe-
cific advice cannot be given in this place.
Individual taste and conditions must deter-
mine the question. There should be few
pictures, but those excellently well chosen,
and there ought to be little if any bric-a-
brac, for as a rule it is superfluous and
catches dirt.

Some of the suggestions just given may
seem unnecessary because the things sug-
gested are so obviously essential, other
suggestions may seem foolish because they
deal with such trivial things. The first
objection, however, is fully answered by
the appalling frequency with which the
obviously essential things are forgotten
or neglected. All these things people can
think of, but they do not. The second ob-
jection is met by calling to mind that it is
the little thoughtful attentions, trifling in

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEU.

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

205

themselves, but nevertheless sincere, that
make us feel welcome.

The appointing of the guest-room need
not be a matter of great expense, as stated
before. With a little ingenuity and
thought the hints above given may be
adapted to individual needs. The main
thing is to make your preparations in a
spirit of consideration, remembering that
the prime requisites of a guest-chamber
are that it be cheerful, neat, homelike and
convenient. Every hostess wishes her
hospitality to be well spoken of and well
thought of, and it is by attention to just
such little things as those noted above that
she is surest to realize her wish. It is not
the mere material creature comforts that
most please the guest, but rather the con-
sciousness of welcome conveyed by all the
little gratifying evidences of thought that
has prompted attention to the minutest de-
tails.

The Proper Use of Dwarf and Stand-
ard Fruit Trees

(Continued from page 184)

furnishing apples for cooking and winter
use, such as Baldwins, and depending upon
the dwarf trees for a more limited quan-
tity of extra choice fruit for dessert pur-
poses.

From all this it may be seen that there
are plenty of real uses for the dwarf and
semi-dwarf trees, but no one should at-
tempt their raising who is not prepared to
give them proper conditions for growth
and devote to them the necessary amount
of attention and care.

Generally speaking, fruit on dwarf
stocks may be grown where standards of
the same variety are successful. One con-
dition which all fruits require in stand-
ards as well as in the dwarfs is very thor-
ough sub-drainage. Most of them will
stand a great degree of cold, but a wet
season is apt to prove fatal either to the
crop or to the trees themselves.

Unless the trees are to be planted in a
garden soil already rich, holes should be
dug out to a considerable size and old, very
thoroughly-rotted manure mixed through
the soil before it is put back into them. If
the trees are to be set in a row along a
wall or a trellis, it will be better, instead
of making individual holes, to prepare a
trench or broad, deep furrow in the same
way. Where the trees are to be grown
against the wall two things must be
avoided although in Europe they do not
have to pay attention to them because of
the difference in climate. Do not plant
them against the wall, but a foot or so
from it and trained on a trellis, for in our
hot summer sunshine the wall surface be-
comes so heated that it might be injurious
to the branches trained against it and also
training the limbs a few inches away from
the wall gives more opportunity for a free

A. P. PAINTS

ROCK TOMB, THEBES EGYPT

1913 B. C PAINT DISCOVERED

UNDERWOOD a UNDERWOOD. COPYRIGHT

1 9 1 3 A. D PAINT PERFECTED

For 4,000 years paint has been used by mankind
Every age has been one of progress and to-day
A. P. PAINT PRODUCTS are a standard of perfection

THE ATLAS PAINT CO.,

103 PARK AVE., N. Y.

H. N. BRADLEY. Pres.

Write for new Catalog B2

NASHVILLE, TENN.
A. S. B. LITTLE. Gen. Mgr.

Write for our new Dealers' Proposition

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

START WITH THE LARGEST STOCK that can be secured! It takes many
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WE DO THE LONG WAITING thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrub* that
give an immediate effect. Send for Price List.

ANDORRA NURSERIES "S

" x

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.PA.

WM. WARNER^HARPER, Proprietor

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

206

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

B Is Not A Matter of Cost-
Hy-tex proves it

Hy-tex Brick

with its pliable, soft-colored units gives more beauty and
individuality to a wall than is possible with any other
material. You know the discoloration of stucco and the
frailty of wood. Then reflect on the permanence of Hy-tex
its elimination of painting and repair costs! To make
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Hydraulic-Press Brick Company

inn

Dept. G. ST. LOUIS.'MISSOURI

BALTIMORE. MD.. 11 East Lexington St MINNEAPOLIS MTMV . -** i

CHICAGO, ILL.. Chamber of Commerce Bid NEW Y(>RK f<itv l"S S"l Ban)[ Bld '

WASHINGTON, D. C., Colorado Bid ' B ' d '

THE SUN ROOM

OF THIS HOUSE IS A DELIGHTFULLY AIRY
PORCH IN SUMMER, FOR IT IS COMPLETELY
ENCLOSED WITH ENGLISH CASEMENT

WINDOWS - AND - THEY ARE AMERICAN-
IZED, FOR THE OWNER WAS WISE ENOUGH
TO EQUIP THEM ALL WITH OUR ADJUSTERS,
WHICH ARE EASILY OPERATED FROM IN-
SIDE THE SCREENS.

FOR A PICTURE BOOKLET. JUST POSTAUZE

CASEMENT HDWE. CO. ITS N. sute st, Chicago

circulation of air and the proper applica-
tion of sprays, etc., to all parts of the
branches. If possible, don't train along a
wall facing south, as in such a location the
trees are pretty sure to start into bud pre-
maturely in the spring and be injured by
late frost. Where an exceptionally warm
and sheltered location of this sort cannot
be avoided it will be necessary to counter-
act the effect by sufficient mulching. I have
a friend who has done this successfully by
giving a big mulching of leaves and corn
stalks around the base of the trees after
the ground has become thoroughly frozen
in winter and by shading the trees them-
selves from the warm early spring sun by
pine boughs woven into a temporary rough
wire trellis. This mulch is removed in
the spring to allow thorough cultivation,
but again spread on toward the end of
June to conserve the moisture during the
hot, dry mid-summer weeks. The trees
should be so planted and arranged, espe-
cially in a garden where the horse and cul-
tivator are used, as to allow continuous
cultivation in one direction. That is, they
should fit in with the rows of asparagus,
small fruits, strawberry beds, etc., of a
more or less permanent character, in order
to make their cultivation as convenient as
possible.

In buying the trees it should be remem-
bered, as stated above, apples to be
dwarfed are budded on either Paradise or
Doucin stock. Pears are budded on quince
stocks. Peaches are made somewhat
smaller when grown on plum stocks.
Plums are budded on Pumila or on the
sand cherry, and cherries on Mahaleb
stock. Apples and pears are, of course,
the most important, and fortunately the
best suited for growth in this way. Trees
should be bought only from some nursery-
man whom you have every reason to be-
lieve is reliable, as there is even more
chance for you to be deceived on dwarf
fruit trees than on the standard stocks. If
you insist upon ordering from the itinerant
fruit tree agent, it is more than likely that
you will either get inferior stock or pay
superior prices or do both. Your fruit
trees should be ordered early, but the best
arrangement about shipping is to have that
left to your instructions later, allowing
proper time, of course, for transportation
from the nursery to your express office,
arranging to get them there as shortly
after you have the ground prepared as
possible, but not before. As far as pos-
sible try to select varieties which you
know will do well in your own locality,
on standard stock. If you have any doubt
as to these and cannot find out from some
nearby fruit grower write to your experi-
ment station. Or if you cannot wait to
do that, call them up on the phone. It
may save you several dollars.

In planting the trees, after receiving
your "stock," put it into the soil that has
been prepared for it as soon as possible,
being careful while you are doing so not
to leave the roots exposed to wind and sun
even for a short period. If for any rea-
son it is impossible for you to plant the

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

207

trees at once, "heel them in," by digging
a shallow trench in a shaded place, pack-
ing them closely into it and covering the
roots with earth. In this way they will
keep in proper condition until you are
ready to use them. In planting, the trees
should be set fairly deep, so that the point
of union between stock and bud will be
between three and four inches below the
surface of the soil. In planting, the trees
should, of course, be set very firmly into
the soil, and the same raked smooth and
fine on top after the operation is finished.
Planting may be done in either spring or
fall, but as a general rule, north of Phila-
delphia, it would be better to undertake it
in early spring, especially where only a
few trees are being set out, so that they
can be carefully looked after and mulched
during the first season.

The amount of space available and other
local conditions will determine whether
you want to grow the trees in their reg-
ular form or train them near a wall or
upon a trellis. In the latter case, the
growth is induced to take a lateral form,
as far as possible. Even with dwarfs the
results will depend very largely upon the
thoroughness with which the pruning is
done, especially in the early stages of
growth. To induce the pyramidal form of
growth, which is usually the best for dwarf
trees, it is necessary to cut back the main
shoots or "leaders" quite low down, thus
inducing the more vigorous growth of the
side branches, and leaving the tree with an
open center. At the time of planting they
should be shortened back about one-third
in the usual way, and as soon as they be-
come established the centers should be cut
back to a height of from ten to twenty
inches. If vigorous growth is made, these
side branches should be headed in, leaving
four or five shoots on each. These will.
of course, tend to an upright position in
making their growth. The following
spring these shoots should be cut back
severely one-half will not be too much
if they have made a vigorous growth
and in case they should be too thick re-
move some of the side branches from
which they sprout. This severe pruning
should be continued for three or four
years, and the shoots should be gone over
annually, early in the summer. All
branches that crowd or cross should be
cut out, and all those that seem to be mak-
ing too vigorous growth should be headed
back in order that the tree may be kept
symmetrical. For best results in the fruit
there should be free access of air and sun-
light to all parts of the tree. Each spring,
the annual growth of the year before
should be cut back a third or more, as
may be required to keep the trees in shape
as small as desired.

Where the trees are to be trained upon
the trellis, a somewhat different system
has to be used. In the first place they
should be planted almost directly under

A Durable Stucco

Stuccos are exposed to all kinds of
weather conditions and must therefore be
made of durable material.

Nothing is more durable than rock, and
J-M Asbestos Stucco is made from Asbestic
(which consists of ground asbestos rock
and fibres). It is combined with Portland
Cement, thus forming a tough exterior fin-
ish which will not crack or crumble as or-
dinary sand and cement stuccos do.

Residence of Mr. John Neuscheler. River Edge. N. J. Covered
with J-M Asbestos Stucco. Wilder 4 White, Architects. N. Y

J-M ASBESTOS STUCCO

is uniform in size and susceptible to a great variety of texture effects in the surface treatment.

It dries an artistic gray-white which is permanent. J-M Asbestos Stucco is lighter in weight and can
be applied more evenly, smoothly and cheaply than ordinary sand and cement stuccos. In prepared form it
can be furnished in various shades of gray, buff and brown.

Albany
Baltimore
Boston
Buffalo

Toronto,

? : -
Write Nearest Branch for Catalog.

H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO.

Chicago Detroit Louisville New York San Francisco

Cincinnati Indianapolis Milwaukee Omaha Seattle

Cleveland Kansas City Minneapolis Philadelphia St Louis

Dallas Los Angeles New Orleans Pittsburgh Syracuse

For Canada: THE CANADIAN H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO., LIMiTED.

Montreal, Winnipeg, Vancouver.

1259

In writing to aivertuert titan mtntion HOUSE AND GARDEN.

1 ISK

ND GA

RDEN

MARC

H, 1913

DOB miilHIIIIllimilW* O illlllllllllllllillllllllli D illllllHIIIHIIIIUIIIHIIIHI' D illtlllinilllllHIIIIIIIIi IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIW D O D

GUARANTEED
PLUMBING
FIXTURES

THE home builder knows that when "<$tandaFd" Plumbing
fixtures are installed in his bathroom, they represent the
highest sanitary experience and skill that better equipment
could not be bought. They make the bathroom modern and
beautiful and assure a healthful home. "<$tandafd" fixtures should
be specified always in preference to all others because of their
unquestioned superiority.

quirements of those who demand 'Standard"
quality at less expense. All 'Standard" fix-
tures, with care, will last a lifetime. And
no fixture is genuine unless it bears the
guarantee label. In order to avoid sub-
stitution of inferior fixtures, specify 'Standard"
goods in writing (not verbally) and make
sure that you get them.

Dept. 40 PITTSBURGH, PA.

Genuine 'Standard*" fixtures for the Home
and for Schools, Office Buildings, Public
Institutions, etc., are identified by the
Green and Gold Label, with the exception
of one brand of baths bearing the Red and
Black Label, which, while of the first
quality of manufacture, have a slightly
thinner enameling, and thus meet the re-

Standard 3amtats1l)fe.Co.

New York . 35 West 31st Street
Chicago . 900 S. Michigan Ave.
Philadelphia . 1215 Walnut Street
Toronto, Can. 59 Ri chmond St. E.
Pittsburgh . 106 Federal Street
St. Louis . 100 N. Fourth Street

Cincinnati . . 633 Walnut Street
Nashville . 315 Tenth Avenue, So.
NewOrleans, Baronne & St. JosephSts.
Montreal, Can. . 215 Coristine Bldg.
Boston . . John Hancock Bldg.
Louisville . 319-23 W. Main Street
Cleveland . 648 Huron Road, S.E.

Hamilton, Can., 20-28 Jackson St. W.
London . 57-60 Holborn Viaduct, B.C.
Houston, Tex. . Preston and Smith Sts.
Washington, D.C. . . Southern Bldg.
Toledo. Ohio . . 311-321 Erie Street
Fort Worth. Tex. . Front and Jones Sts.

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Has all food compartments of One Piece of Solid
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rounded edges and corners ; without Joints, Cracks
or Sharp Corners. Fired at about 2500 of heat for ten
days. Practically Unbreakable. Made just like the finest
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surface; the durability, the added insulation these afford
in connection with our five inch thick walls the
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which will give a life time of most satisfactory
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it, that is, so that the main trunk will grow
close to the wires and not several inches
away. After planting, when growth
starts, the main trunk should be cut off a
few inches above the first wire and three
buds allowed to develop. One of these is
trained along the wire on either side of
the trunk and the third encouraged to
make an upright growth as far as the next
wire, where the same process is used ; that
is three buds are left here, two of which
are trained in either direction on the
second wire, and the third bud which
should preferably be on the opposite side
of the trunk from the one below it, up to
the third wire, etc. The shoots which
start from the lateral branches should be
kept cut back to four or five inches, sav-
ing only one out of every two or three
so they will not be too close together.
Every spring, as soon as the buds are well
started, all those which are not desired
should be rubbed off before they make
any considerable growth, as this is not
only very much easier but also saves the
strength of the tree for the growth which
is retained.

As regards the general care of dwarf
fruit trees they are not very different from
the standards except that in order to be at
all successful they must be given excellent
care in every way and that it is generally
necessary to thin the fruits ; an operation
which as far as standard trees are con-
cerned does produce better results, but
which is not usually attempted on account
of the difficulty of doing it thoroughly.
With the dwarf trees, however, it is not
only necessary, as they have the habit of
setting two or three times the fruit which
they have strength to develop but they
are much more easily thinned, as most of
the fruit spurs may be reached from the
ground or at the worst from a step-ladder.
The thinning may be accomplished by re-
moving part of the fruit spurs, or a half
or more of the fruits themselves after they
have set and made some growth, which
will be before the first of August.

Not only should the soil be made rich
before the trees are set out, but they will
need yearly attention in the matter of
fertilization thereafter. As with standard
fruits, green manuring with clover or
some leguminous crop, especially during
the latter part of the season, will be
beneficial, and the soil should not be al-
lowed to lack in potash. When there does
not seem to be a rapid healthy growth in
the spring a light application of nitrate of
soda will usually be found of great service.
Above all things the spraying must not be
neglected, and where it is so easily ac-
complished, there is absolutely no reason
for doing so, especially with efficient ready
prepared sprays of various sorts which
are now to be had from many sources.
Before using any of these, however, I
would strongly advise the fruit grower to
get the report of his experiment station

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

2og

upon spraying and sprays in order that he
may see for himself from actual and care-
fully tried experiments what preparations
are likely to give the best results. The
percentages of efficiency obtained from
the various preparations are sure to prove
not only an interesting but in all probabili-
ty, a money saving study.

The growing of dwarf fruits offers one
of the greatest fields for the development
and use of the skill of the amateur; and
the rewards which he may obtain therein
for his labor will certainly be among the
most highly prized.

Ornamental Tub Plants
(Continued from page 178)

half pound of alum lumps to a bushel of
soil being the simplest application. Iron
filings treated with muriatic acid is another
method.

Good turfy loam well enriched with well
decayed cow manure suits them as to soil,
and an open, sunny position in summer. In
winter the hydrangeas should be stored in
a light, cool cellar and given only enough
water to prevent the roots drying up; in
summer water should be freely supplied.

The lantanas are remarkable bloomers
showing many attractive shades of color.
They make neat, symmetrical plants, usual-
ly as broad as high and continue in bloom
the entire summer. They are of the easiest
culture and do best on the east side of the
house where they have the morning sun.
In winter the plants may be stored in a
frost-proof cellar and treated much the
same as hibiscus, requiring rather more
warmth than the hydrangeas.

The lantanas are easily raised from seed
which should be started in flats in the
house or green-house early in March and
potted when the plants have two pairs of
leaves. They should be shifted rapidly
from pot to pot as they fill them with
roots until the time comes for putting them
outside, when they may be given a twelve-
inch pot or larger and will soon be in
bloom. I have raised from spring-sown
seed plants which by mid-summer were
two feet or more in diameter and covered
with a mass of flowers.

The Epicure in the Garden
(Continued from page 189)

The mushroom house is a shed set
against the side of a north wall, and a hot-
water pipe, used only in severe weather,
however, goes through it. The bed is
composed of good horse-dung and loam,
and is renewed from time to time when
one lot of spawn seems worked out. Roots
of rhubarb and chicory stand on the floor

Pure

Food

cool,

r The pleasure of afternoon
tea or of any meal is height-
ened by the satisfaction of serv-
ing dainty foods which you know
are pure. You can be sure that all
provisions will be kept delightfully
fresh and untainted by odors or

decay if you put them in a modern, sanitary

McCray Refrigerator

Germs cannot thrive in the clear, cold, dry air that is con-
/ stantly flooding every portion of the interior of the McCray.
Easiest cleaned linings of opal glass, porcelain, enamel and
odorless white wood. No zinc is used.

The McCray is the quality refrigerator with every refinement of
construction to make it the highest achievement of convenience, health-
fulness and satisfaction. Perfectly fitting doors, thick scientific
insulation, finest cabinet work with beautiful finish.

The outside icing feature which may be added to any McCray keeps the ice man
from tracking up the kitchen floor. Special equipment for ice water cooler and handy
racks for cooling bottled beverages may also be included. U. S. Pure Food Labora-
tories and the most luxurious residences and institutions in the world use the McCray.
A wide range of stock sizes offers a choice to suit the smallest or largest family!
Every new or remodeled house should have a special built-in McCray Refrigerator.

Write for free book "How to Use a Refrigerator" and any of the following catalogs:

No. 90 Regular Sizes for Residences.

No. 73 For Florists.

No. 49 For Hotels. Clubs, Institutions.

No. 89 For Grocers.

No. SO For Meat Markets.

No. A.H. Built-to-order for Residences.

McCray Refrigerator Co.

593 Lake St., Kendallville, Ind.

Salesrooms in the following cities :
Chicago, 158 No. Wabash Ave. New York, 231 W. 42nd St.
Philadelphia, 206 So. llth St. Boston, 52 Commercial St.
Cleveland. 1915 Euclid Ave. Detroit, 239 Michigan Ave.
Milwaukee, Water and Sycamore Sts. Minneapolis, 103
N. 6th St. St. Louie, 304 No. Third Ave. New Orleans, 225
Ba-onne St. San Francisco, Geary and Stockton Sts. Wash-
nfrton, 611 FSt., N. W. Louisville, 643 So. Fourth
Ave. Pittsburgh, 114 Market St. Columbia. S. C.,
Mam St. Atlanta.Ca., 82 Marietta St. Cincinnati,
303 E. 4th St. Indianapolis, 1116 Prospect St.
For branch salesrooms hi other cities see your
local phone directory.

REPUBLIC

You will save money and
get the strongest, most at-
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built when you buy Ke-
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sides adding to the value
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Extra heavy weight, thor-
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close, even spacing of
pickets and cables, self-
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struction, are distinctive
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Made in many styles.
Easily put up wood or
Iron posts.

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In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

2IO

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH. 1913

No -Rirn- Cut Tires
10% Oversize

We're Building This Year
for 500,000 Cars

At this writing the output on Goodyear
automobile tires exceeds 6,000 daily.

As fast as possible we are bringing the
output up to 8,000 tires a day.

For the evidence is that this year's de-
mand will call for 2,000,000 tires.

Half the New Cars

Our contracts with makers insure, at
the minimum, that nearly half of this
year's new cars will go out with Good-
year tires.

Forty-three per cent, of all show cars
had them at the New York Show.

And the present demand for these fa-
vorite tires is seven times larger than two
years ago.

What Did It?

Ask yourself what brought these tires
to the topmost place in Tiredom. Remem-
ber tnat man are not buying tires blindly.
These are days of odometers. Men are
comparing tires.

These hundreds of thousands who have

come to the Goodyear must have a reason
for it. And that reason, you must own, is
based on mileage records.

Men. in these days, insist that tires shall
not rim-cut. And that means Goodyear
No-Rim-Cut tires.

They know that oversize means extra
mileage. And No-Rim-Cut tires are 10
per cent, oversize.

Please Find Out

For your own sake, find out this year
why Goodyear tires far outsell all others.

Other motorists have tested out almost
2,000,000 Goodyears. Their verdict is
shown by our present sales records.

This verdict, agreed with by hundreds
of thousands, is sure to be your verdict
also. And the average saving to those
who know it is almost half one's tire bills.

Write for the Goodyear Tire Book 14th-
year edition. It tells all known way to
economize on tires.

AKRON. OHIO

No-Rim-Cut Tires

With or Without Non-Skid Treads

THE GOODYEAR TIRE&RUBBER COMPANY, Akron, Ohio

Branches and Agencies In 103 Principal Cities. More Service Stations Than Any Other Tire
We Make All Kinds of Rubber Tires, Tire Accessories and Repair Outfits

Main Canadian Office, Toronto, Ont.

Canadian Factory, Bowmanville, Ont.

(984)

Don't Raise the Sash
Just Turn the Little Crank

and open, fasten at any angle, or close and securely lock
your shutters from the inside, without exposing yourself
to the weather. Install the MALLORY SHUTTER WORKER.
Attractively finished to harmonize with the woodwork.
Ready to attach to any shutters of any old or new, frame,
brick or stone dwelling. A Home Comfort for the
Women-Folk. Write for booklet.

Mallory Manufacturing Co. F SLK^?fTj.

here, covered with upturned barrels, when
needful, for blanching. Here also I make
experiments with blanching dandelion for
our first spring salads.

As to the commoner kinds of vegeta-
bles carrots, turnips, onions, and the like
we manage them somewhat after this
fashion. Early carrots are sown in the
hotbed in the last week of February, and
after thinning out we have them ready for
the table by the beginning of June. The
usual spring sowings are also made out of
doors later. In August we sow the Scar-
let Horn in a warm border, thin out in
September, and have them left in the
ground all winter, so that when pulled
they are crisp and fresh. Turnips fare
much the same, but as we value the tops
almost as much as the "roots" we sow
them more liberally. One crop of pars-
nips is raised in the summer and stored in
the ground for the winter.

A few beets of the Globe variety we
grow in a frame for those special dishes
which Charlotte prepares so daintily, but
the row of beets for salad purposes and
winter use make their growth in the usual
way. We are experimenting with a vari-
ety called the Seakale Beet, and have suc-
ceeded in rearing some fine plants ; these
make a delicious dish when cooked after
the manner of ordinary seakale. The up-
right fleshy stems are stripped of their
leaves, and the stalks have a very pleasant
mild flavor.

Chicory is sown in the open ground in
May, and the roots lifted and taken into
the mushroom house in November. The
roots themselves are never eaten, but they
quickly make a top-growth, and if this is
produced too fast it is checked by taking
them to a cool cellar.

The cauliflowers, which we sow out of
doors in August, are protected with lights,
so as to have them ready for cutting at the
beginning of November. Those which are
frame-sown in spring, and planted out in
the open in May, give us a supply for the
summer. Of onions we grow only small
varieties, sowing a fresh pinch of seed
very frequently, as Charlotte, wise woman,
eschews the use of large onions in her
cookery, and in winter she will have only
shallots. To please her we also grow a
little garlic, but I have to watch warily
lest the susceptible nose of the Better Half
be ever offended by an over-dose of the
pungent aroma. It is but rarely that she
proves indiscreet. We, on the other hand,
are very partial to the delicate flavor of
chives, and constantly desire her to use
the herb ; also we praise her warmly when-
ever leeks are introduced, and, indeed, we
think there are few things nicer than a
dish of fine white leeks with a creamy
sauce. Charlemagne is an expert in the
production of good leeks ; he loves nothing
better than to sit on an old stool snipping
and cutting young leeks for planting out.
and takes great unction to himself when
he has set out a row, regimentally precise,
in a trench.

Another delight of his is to bring me a
perfectly-shaped lettuce, Romaine or Cos,

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDES.

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

211

when it is well blanched and firm of heart.
Such are not so easily cultivated as one
might imagine, for they call for patience
and exactitude, but Charlemagne consid-
ers himself an example of both these vir-
tues. Endive he troubles less about, and
thinks it sufficiently well cared for if cov-
ered over with an empty flower-pot, while
Batavian idive he utterly despises. But,
then, he has never been in Dutchland, and
I have.

Dwarf peas we sow in pots and place on
the greenhouse shelf early in January. As
soon as they have made a fair growth they
are brought lower down, and are kept well
fed with liquid manure and then staked.
Successive sowings take place in the warm
pits, and from the beginning of May until
the outdoor ones are ready in July we are
able to gather a good dishful of peas each
week.

We have proved that French beans
could be grown pretty well all the year
round, where a temperature of sixty de-
grees can be maintained, but we have not
found it needful to keep them going all
winter, as before the frosts come we pick
a quantity and salt them down in large
earthen crocks, putting a layer of salt and
one of beans alternately, then filling the
crock with water. The brine is occasion-
ally poured off and renewed. If the beans
are taken out and washed, then left to lie
in cold water for two or three hours be-
fore cooking, their flavor is very little in-
ferior to those just gathered from the
garden.

Salsify, celeriac, cardoons, maize, and a
great variety of dried beans and lentils we
keep by us in the storeroom in winter ;
nearly all of them have been grown on our
own land. A bagful of chestnuts comes to
me every year from Italy, and very de-
licious is the puree which they make, also
the dessert of boiled and peeled chestnuts
eaten with sweetened cream.

Since Charlotte has revealed to us what
delicious soups pumpkins can provide, I
am amazed that so few people grow them.
They keep moist for a long time when
hanging in the storeroom, and this golden
puree, garnished with crisp morsels of
fried bread, is a welcome sight on a cold
winter's day.

Gooseberries and HowtoGrowThem

TT ARDY, useful and easy of cultivation
** in almost every district, gooseberries
are worthy of the most careful attention.
They are often planted closer together
than is advisable, and are left either un-
pruned or pruned carelessly. The former
mistake can be readily corrected, even in
a row already formed, but the latter is
more difficult to deal with, especially after
a few years' neglect. In the case of gar-
dens from which some revenue is to be de-

A CEMENT PORCH
LASTS FOREVER

It cannot depreciate, "will not rot, is unaffected
by exposure to the weather. It costs little
more than wood construction, and the outlay
is a permanent investment, without a dollar
for repairs. Cement structures are simple and
beautiful. They fit in well with any clean cut
architectural design. The soft tints possible in
concrete blend harmoniously with houses of
any color.

We Invite Inquiries

for booklets and assistance in planning and
executing concrete work. Write us for in-
formation on any subject relating to the use of
cement. Our experience is at your disposal.
The following free booklets are full of interest
and information.

Concrete Silos Concrete Sidewalks

Concrete Surfaces Concrete in the Country
Small Farm Buildings of Concrete

When you build of concrete, you will make
no mistake in using

UNIVERSAL

It is always reliable
UNIVERSAL PORTLAND CEMENT CO.

Address nearest Office :

CHICAGO
72 WEST ADAMS STREET

PITTSBURGH
FRICK BUILDING

MINNEAPOLIS
SECURITY BANK BUILDING

Plants at Chicago and Pittsburgh
ANNUAL OUTPUT, 12000,000 BARRELS

1.0 JotEx^ WHITE ENAMEL

Andromeda
Sorrel Tree

Fine Specimens Jit

Send for Catalog. rtB

The Elm City Nursery Co.
New Haven, Depl. N, Conneclicu

WATER LILIES

Subaquatic Plants, Trees and Shrubs,

Hardy Evergreen, Azaleas, Rhododendrons,

Ornamental Grasses, everything suitable for

the water garden.

Hybrid Tea Roses, flowering all summer

until frost. Hardy Golden Vinca (golden

myrtle.)

Wm.Tricker, Water Lily Special^ Arlington, N.J.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

212

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

Your Guests

will appreciate the
refinement of your
home, you and they
will be relieved from
embarrassment.if the
closet in your bath-
room is a properly
installed

SIWELCLO

This closet is noiseless because we
planned it to be noiseless. It did not
just happen that way.

Moreover, it is thoroughly sanitary,
flushes perfectly, has deep water seal
and is made of Vitreous China, with
the texture so compact that, even with-
out the glaze, acids, etc. , cannot pene-
trate it.

Trenton Potteries Company

Noiseless
Siphon Jet

Closet

Trenton Potteries fixtures of Solid
Porcelain and Vitreous China in your
bathroom give to that room the touch
of refinement that fine China and Cut
Glass do in your dining room.

Ask your architect or
plumber about Trenton
Potteries Vitreous China
and Solid Porcelain.

May we send you our new free illustrated hook S 8 ,
"Bathrooms of Character, " giving particulars? Please send
us your name and address at once.

The Trenton Potteries Co.

Trenton, N. J., U. S. A.

'Jfie Largest Manufacturers of Sanitary Pottery
in the U.S.A.

>*i

CHEAP AS WOOD

40 Style.. All Kinds of Fence.
He Aganlt. Catalog Fro*

UP-TO-DATE MFG. CO.

BOX P, TERRE HAUTE, IND.

Made-to-order
rugs for porch
bungalow or
Summer
home

"YflD

choose
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Exclusive fabrics
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camel's hair woven
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Made on short notice. Write
for color card. Order through
your furnisher.
THREAD & THRUM WORKSHOP, Auburn, H. Y.

Christmas
Roses

Six Varieties

Send for Catalog. *j

The Elm City Nursery Co.
New Haven, Dept. N, Connecticut

HORSFORD'S

COLD WEATHER PLANTS

and Flower Seeds that grow

Be sure and get Horsford's free catalogue
before buying plants or seeds. You save
money and get better stock. A long list
of the best kinds to select from, all tried
in cold Vermont. Plants, shrubs, trees,
vines, wild flowers, hardy ferns.

F. H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vermont

rived, the chief question to be settled is
whether the extra fruit secured in the
early years will pay for the sacrifice of a
number of the bushes later on, when thin r
ning becomes necessary. Thick planting
also demands consideration as to whether
the land is in a sufficiently clean condition
to render it a safe proceeding. If goose-
berries are put out four feet apart in very
large gardens, horse labor can seldom be
utilized in the destruction of weeds and
surface cultivation, and this means addi-
tional expense or an equally serious neg-
lect.

On the other hand, if a distance of six
feet be allowed, both between the rows and
plants, either in a garden, farm, orchard
or market plantation, the bushes will have
ample space for development, and the
usual operations can be performed eco-
nomically. Besides this, the intermediate
spaces can be devoted, if necessary, to veg-
etables and flowers, or, where the position
is favorable, to strawberries at any rate,
for the first two or three years. There is
a marked difference in the growth of
varieties. The advice here given refers
only to those of good habit which are most
extensively cultivated. The weakly vari-
eties, some of which are included in gar-
den collections, may be planted three feet
apart, while the restricted forms, like up-
right cordons, require still less space
whether trained to walls or wire trellises.

The chief point is to secure a well-fur-
nished bush with seven or eight main
branches radiating and rising equally from
the main stem, allowing sufficient space
between these to permit the free admission
of sun and air, and enabling the fruits to
be gathered easily from any part. Suffi-
cient young growth must be retained to
provide for the due extension of the bush,
and all beyond this should be removed,
particularly in the central parts, as well as
all suckers from the base, which are apt to
be a constant source of trouble if there is
no stem clear above the ground level and
the original cuttings were not rightly pre-
pared by the removal of the lower buds.

The gooseberry thrives in indifferent
soil, provided this be not dry or poor, nor
excessively heavy. In every case it should
be thoroughly cultivated and drained pre-
vious to planting. But there is one mat-
ter which is of critical importance, and
that is the provision of suitable manure.
Old well-stored stable or farmyard manure
dug or plowed in before planting time is
the best preparation, and from ten to fif-
teen tons per acre, according to the char-
acter of the land, usually give the best re-
sults. Such applications can be supple-
mented later on by surface dressings each
year of similar manure, or by a mixture of
superphosphate of lime and kainite in equal
parts at the rate of four hundredweight
per acre, alternately with the organic fer-
tilizer. If growth is deficient, nitrate of
soda in the spring, as the buds are start-
ing, is helpful ; about two hundredweight
per acre are sufficing as an extreme
dressing, and less often answers the pur-
pose. Judgment must be exercised in the

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

213

matter, however, for while ample crops of
fine berries are desirable, undue luxuriance
of growth is not advantageous.

The worst enemies of the gooseberry
are the caterpillars of the magpie moth and
the sawfly. Constant watchfulness for the
first appearance of each is important, and
equally prompt action in the direction of
destruction, dusting with hellebore powder
being a simple and effectual remedy. The
mildew affects the leaves and attacks the
fruit.

For spraying the bushes before the buds
open diluted Bordeaux mixture is suitable.
but after the leaves are expanding, liver
of sulphur dissolved in water may be used
at the rate of one pound to forty-eight
gallons of water, reducing the water to
thirty gallons should a second application
be needed. Birds are always troublesome
in gooseberry plantations, attacking the
buds with frequently serious results. Late
pruning, netting the bushes, or running
strands of black cotton across them ( which
can only be done in gardens), and spray-
ing or syringing the plants with lime or
other washes are various means of de-
creasing these attacks, in addition to the
use of the gun.

In small gardens trained gooseberries,
now obtainable in most nurseries, are use-
ful and convenient, being well under the
control of the cultivator, and if it is de-
sired, a large number of varieties can be
grown in a limited space. Furthermore,
they can easily be arranged in one part of
the garden where protection can be pro-
vided against birds, etc., by netting the
whole quarter, allowing space for a man to
attend the plants or gather the crops at
any time. The best form is the upright
cordon with three or four stems, the latter
being like the so-called "gridiron" trees of
larger fruits. W. R. GILBERT

Hints for the Suburban Poultry
Raiser

THE suburbanite who would renew his
flock of poultry has recourse to any
one of three methods. He must buy full-
grown pullets ready to lay, or young chicks
and raise them himself, or he must hatch
and rear his own. He who would be in-
dependent and get some real pleasure
from the care of his flock also, must
choose the last-named method.

If one has but a small flock say a dozen
or fifteen fowls it is hardly profitable to
use an incubator, considering the atten-
tion, expense of running and the cost of
the machine. One can use two or three
broody hens from time to time and let
them save the time of the busy man who
must count his minutes while home.

Hens not pullets that have been lay-
ing briskly all winter will show signs of
broodiness in the spring say in March

A PAINT LESSON:
**- To a paste made of
white lead and water, add
linseed oil and stir.

Watch the oil drive out
the water! Presto! an oil
paste instead of water
paste.

Dutch Boy White Lead
and Dutch Boy Linseed
Oil rush together and
cling together just that
way on the house painted
with them.

What chance has rain
or snow to dissolve such
paint?

Dutch Boy White Lead white in the keg
any color you want to make it on the house.

White load and

water, with

layer of lin

seed oil.

Mixture of
white lead,
linseed oil
and water.

Water poured off,
leaving white
lead and lin-
seed oil.

Dutch Boy White Lead in steel kegs, 12 #, 2S, 50 and 100 Ibs. Dutch
Boy Linseed Oil, 1 and 5 gallon sealed cans. Ask your paint dealer.

Let us send you "Painting Helps 18," full of facts every house owner
should know about painting. We will include our catalogue of 100 beautiful
stencils for walls.

NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY

New York Boston Buffalo Chicago
(John T. Lewis & Bros. Co.. Philadelphia)

Cincinnati

Cleveland San Francisco St. Louis
(National Lead & Oil Co.. Pittsburgh)

Japan
Barberry

Extensive Stock

Send for Catalog.
The Elm City Nursery
New Haven, Dept. N, Connecticut

C FRESH REL

SEEDS

i RELIABLE PENNY

FLOWER
VEGETABLE
Regular size packages of ALL standard Flower and
Vegetable Seeds Ic, postpaid. WHY PAY MORE?
Alyssum, Ass't Annuuls, Candytuft, Celosia, Cos-
mos, Digitalis, Goui'd, Holly liock. Ivy, Kocbia,
Marigold, Mixed Perennials, Ni^ella, Pansy, Petu-
nia, 1'hlox, Pink, Poppy. Portt.laca, Salvia. Sweet
Pea, Vine Mixture, Violet, Zin.m ALL for 20c.
Ilean. Beet, Cabbage, Carrot, Celery, Corn, Cucum-
ber, Lettuce, Melon. Onion, Parsnip, pea. Pepper,
Pumpkin, Radish, Tomato. Turnip ALL for 15c.
These and any other standard seeds Ic a packet,
doz. lOc, one hundred 75c. Complete list FREE.
BUNGALOW GARDENS 68 Dell Av, Netcong, N.J.

R
L

are
i 1 a c s

In Specimen Sizes

Send for Catalog.
The Kim City Nursery Co.
New Haven, Dept. N, Connecticut

(GLADIOLI, CANNAS,

DAHLIAS, LILIES.

We are the largest growers of these
In the world, and are headquarters for
new classes, new forms, new colors.
The CHOICEST and BEST at Lowest Prices

FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS.
Special stocks of standard varieties and
mativ startling Novelties.

liULBS, PLANTS, FRUITS The very
newest, choicest and best Roses, terns
Simitts. iww Kverbearlnft Strawberries. Etc.
LAttUK ILLUSTRATED CATALOG FREE.

JOHN LEWIS CHILDS,

Floral Park, H. Y,

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

'214

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

Just an Inkling

of What a Greenhouse

Will Do for You

OF course you know
about the roses, car-
nations, or orchids it
will grow for you, but did you
know you could also have
melons like those in the illus-
tration melons so heavy they
must be supported in nets?

Did you know that you
could grow them in a com-
partment of a house only n
feet wide?

Did you know you could
use another compartment for
strawberries, tomatoes, and
buttery golden wax beans?

Did you know you could
have an aquatic pool under
the bench, and on the same
bench grow snap dragons and
sweet peas?

Hitchings

New York Office

1170 Broadway

Did you know you could
have bloom-laden nasturtiums
climbing up the columns and
c h e r o k e roses blooming
against the workroom parti-
tion?

Did you know but why
multiply the endless "did you
knows"? You have doubtless
already made up your mind
to write us and find out all
about greenhouses ; and espe-
cially what such a house as
the one you want will cost?
Along with our answer to
your letter, we will send you
our Catalog one of over 100
pages.

The illustrations are many
the text a bit brief but de-
cidedly informative.

Let us hear from you.

Company"

Factory Elizabeth, N. J.

Philadelphia Office
Pennsylvania Bldg.

i f a
1 I C

Fine Specimens

Send for Catalog.
The Elm City Nursery Co.
New Haven, Dept. N, Connecticut

Dutch Bulbs-direct fromMolland

And finest new dahlias, described in Free Cataloc.

OT. VAN WAVEHEN & KHTJTjrj
Aanrlfaii Hi-.nrb Home, 148 X. Uth St_ Philadelphia

Winning Back. Our Birds

All my life I've loved and studied birds. I've been building houses
for them for years; have won hundreds of martins, bluebirds and wrens
to my grounds. My friends wanted bird houses the birds came to them
calls for more houses came to me. So I now build enough of my five
most successful houses to offer them for sale. Write for illustrated folder.
The Martin House, Three stories and attic. 26 rooms. Price $12.00.
The Wren House is of Solid Oak. Cypress Shingles and Copper Coping.
Price J5.00. The Bluebird House. Solid Oak, cypress shingles, Copper
Coping. Price $5,00.

In H Hn/lenn ( A Director of Ih, lUi

Jos. n, uoason ^ xw6on SOCM

901 Association Bids.
Chlcaeo. III.

Rouse for the
Great Crested
F 1 y Catcher-
Price, $3,00,

and April. That is early enough to pre-
pare for the advent of the young chicks
unless one has an evenly-heated apartment
for their care.

The broody hen proclaims her desire
for progeny by persistently setting on a
nest which may contain eggs or nothing.

The location of the nest is a matter of
personal selection. The hen knows where
she wants to set, and is frequently too
"spunky" to set anywhere else. Madame
will often leave a properly equipped nest
for one of her own selection. It often
pays to consider the whims of a broody
hen, and to accord with her rather than to
oppose her. She wants seclusion, good
nesting material, room to turn in, and the
privilege of shaping and arranging her
nest. Let her have a day or so to adjust
herself before giving her the eggs. When
she has settled down and will peck and
ruffle up when approached, she is at home.
Give her thirteen or at most fifteen eggs
for a medium-weight bird. If she con-
tentedly bills them under her feathers, all
is well ; but if she acts dissatisfied and
refuses to cover them, she will probably
prove inconstant and it will be better to
give them to another hen.

Aside from a regular supply of corn
and water, and a convenient sand bath as
well as a supply of grit, no other care is
needed by a setting hen.

Where several are setting at the -same
time, it may be necessary to devise some
means to prevent their interfering with one
another. Sometimes a hen will want to
go into partnership or trade nests with
another hen. Individual compartments
from each nest, provided with food, etc.,
and covered with wire slats, will save
trouble and loss of eggs.

As soon as the eggs begin to hatch, some
supervision is necessary. Discarded shells
should be removed, as they sometimes get
over the hatching eggs and prevent the
emergence of the chicks. The hen must be
kept upon her nest until the hatch is over,
which is about a day and a half or two
days from the time the first shell is pipped.
The chicks need not be fed until they are
strong enough to leave the nest.

M. ROBERTS CONOVER

Selecting Eggs for Hatching

SUCCESS in hatching chicks depends to
a great extent upon the eggs, which
should be selected with intelligent care and
kept under proper conditions until enough
have been accumulated to fill an incuba-
tor or to start several hens setting at the
same time. During cold weather the eggs
should be gathered every two or three
hours, or they may become chilled. Only
those which are well-shaped, of normal
size and an even color should be chosen
for incubation. Brown eggs and white
ones ought not to be used in the same ma-

ln writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

21'

chine, for the former have thicker shells
than the latter. Eggs which have chalky
shells must be discarded for best results,
and dirty eggs are best thrown out, al-
though they may be washed, if of consider-
erable value.

Two weeks is as long as eggs should be
kept before they are placed in a machine
or under a hen, and during this time they
ought not to be kept in the light or in a
very dry place, and the temperature should
not go below forty or above sixty-five de-
grees. Evaporation is prevented to a
large extent by putting the eggs into a
metal bread box with a tight-fitting cover.
Another plan is to wrap them in flannel
or to stand them in a box of bran or oats,
with a woolen cloth over them.

Much depends upon the hens which lay
the eggs. It is poor policy to set eggs laid
by hens which have been forced hard all
the season. Such eggs are not likely to
be fertile, or if they are fertile, to hatch
robust chicks. A better plan is to make
up a small breeding pen in the fall, and
not force the hens for eggs.

Eggs laid by deformed hens or those
lacking in physical vigor or the charac-
teristics of the breed they represent should
not be set. Like begets like, and it is an
easy matter to allow the flock to become
decadent by neglecting such matters.

A general rule is to breed from two-
year-old hens and cockerels, or from ma-
ture males mated with pullets. In actual
practice, the first plan seems to give more
satisfactory results than the other, al-
though theorists fail to understand why.

Some breeders believe that an excess of
pullets is hatched when this practice is fol-
lowed, while more cockerels are hatched
when a well-matured male bird is used
with pullets. The logical conclusion is
that when the birds of both sexes are the
same age an equal proportion of pullets
and cockerels result from the mating. This
matter makes an interesting study.

In order to make sure of fertile eggs,
none should be saved until three days
after the breeding pen has been made up.
Eggs laid up to the tenth day after the
male has been removed will be fertile. It
is an excellent plan to allow two males to
each breeding pen, alternating them week-
ly. Two cocks ought not to be allowed to
run with the hens at the same time. All
the birds should be allowed free access to
a hopper of beef scraps and green rations
of some kind, as well as an abundant sup-
ply of wheat and cracked corn, thrown into
the litter, so that they will be obliged to
exercise in order to get it.

By following these few simple rules
and by giving care to the selection of fer-
tile eggs which is a matter of far more
importance than many owners of hens
realize there will probably be little cause
for complaint about difficulties in hatch-
ing. The successful chicken-raiser bears
them in mind, and the beginner who fol-
lows his example will find the results most
gratifying. E. I. FARRINGTON

The risk of fire that makes the home of inflammable con-
struction a constant menace to the lives of the family, is an
important rea son w hy you should specify for your new home

NATCO -HOLLOW-TILE

The home built of Natco throughout walls, partitions, floors and roof-
represents the best in modern residence construction. Architects build
this kind of home for themselves. The increase in cost over perishable
types is a mere detail when balanced against the advantages gained
low upkeep cost, fire safety, permanence and superior investment value.

To build your outer walls alone o( Natco Hollow Tile gives you a house far more " liveable "
than if constructed on any of the older lines. The blankets of dead air formed by the
hollows in the blocks insulate the interior against sudden and extreme weather changes.

Natco Hollow Tile is precisely the same material the same company's product which has
made fireproof the greatest business and public structures in the world. For over twenty
years this company has inspired and developed Fireproof Construction. The standards it
has created set the seal of superiority upon its product. The word "Natco" stamped on
every block is our guarantee for your protection.

Read up this form of ronstrnclion beforeyougoaheadwilhyourbuildinaspeciticalions. Dix:p a line (or
our 64-paU' 1 - handbook, ' 'Fireproof Houses. ' ' Contains 80 photographs of residences and ottu r
moderate-sized buildings where Natco has been used for exterior wall construction at costs between
S4.00U and SI 00,000, also a few complete drawings and rloor plans. An invaluable guide to
Ihe prospective builder. Mailed anywhere for 2O cents in postage. VVrife for it today.

NATIONAL FIRE PROOFING COMPANY

Ors anized 1889 Dept.Y PITTSBURGH, PA. Offices in All Principal Citiet

RATS

KILLED BY
SCIENCE

By the wonderful bacteriological preparation, discovered and prepared by
Dr. Danytz, of Pasteur Institute, Paris. Used with striking success for
years in the United States, England, France and Russia.

DANYSZ VIRUS

contains the germs of a disease peculiar to rats and mice only and it
absolutely harmless to birds, human beings and other an-
imals. The rodents always die in the open. because of feverish condition.
The disease is also contagious to them. Easily prepared and applied.
How much to us*. A small house, one tube. Ordinary dwelling,
three tubes (if rats are numerous, not less thsnbtubes), Oneortwodozen
for large stable with hay loft and yard or 5000 so. ft. floor span in build-
ngs Price: One tube. 75c; 3 tubes, $1.75-. 6 tube.. J3.25: one doz. $6.
INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL CO. 72 Front St., New York

Landscape Gardening

A course for Homemakers and Gar-
deners taught by Prof. Craig and Prof.
Deal of Cornell University.

Gardeners who understand up-to-date
methods and practice are in demand for
the best positions.

A knowledge of Landscape Gardening
is indispensable to those who would have
the pleasantest homes.

250 pas* Catalog fr**. Writ* to-day.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL

Dept. 226, Springfield, Mass.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

216

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

'CYPRESS lumber defies dejcM You save rep

WOOD ERML

IS A $1000. 3-RQOM CYPRESS COTTAGE
ABOUT RIGHT? WELL, HERE IT IS!

And a joy and a blessing it will be to anyone with a little plot of earth to put it on.

FULL PLANS & SPECIFICATIONS FREE ISvPiift^WS

Ample for any competent carpenter to build from. Above estimate of cost is a fair average figure the country over.

WRITE RIGHT NOW for VOL. 32, of the CYPRESS POCKET LIBRARY

Think in.
Learn now
and youT
do better
Buying
when
ady-

Also ask for Vol. 1 with U. S. Gov't
report on Cypress, and full list
of these Ii5 invaluable text hooks.

Remember We recommend Cypress Lumber only where it is your one best buy.

Let bur "ALL-'ROUND HELPS DEP ART M E NT " help YOU. Our entire resources are at your service

SOUTHERN CYPRESS MANUFACTURERS' ASSN.,

1210 HIBERNIA BANK BUILDING. NEW ORLEANS, LA.

WSIST ON CYPRESS at YOUR LOCAL DEALER'S. IF HE HASN'T IT. LET US KNOW QUICK.

ORIENTAL RUG GEMS
MAKE REPEATED SALES

90% of my business comes from discriminating
people who are buying from me repeatedly.
They do this because they know that antiques
should be thick and glowing with soft rich
colors, and because they want only worthy rugs
that will enhance in value; they abominate doc-
tored rugs; they wish to buy economically, and
do it.

Write today for FREE booklet and price list.
. All express paid. Rugs sent on approval.

L. B. LAWTON, MAJOR, U. S. A., Retired
181 CAYUGA ST., SENECA FALLS, NEW YORK

Special Interior Decorators

City and Country Houses

Designs and estimates furnished for single rooms or

entire houses in any period desired.
A SPECIALTY MADE OF COUNTRY HOUSES

THE RELDA CO.
Tel. Schuyler 7446 141 West 76th St., N.Y. City

Private Water Supply Plants

5CND FOR CATALOCL I*

111 KEWANEC WATER SUPPLY CO .

NEW YORK CITY KCWANCE . ILL . CHICAGO

March Activities in Southern
Gardens

EDITOR'S NOTE: To meet the needs of our
southern readers, the department, beginning with
this number, devoted to the problems and inter-
ests of southern gardens, will be continued from
month to month.

TPHE women of other sections of our
*- United States may cover their
gardens with wrappings of brown leaves
and let them sleep all the long winter
through tucked away in warm blankets of
soft white snow, but not so may Southern
women rest from their labors. Their
gardens must be kept in blossom all the
year. The violets and tea-olives come
with Christmas; January brings narcis-
sUs and snowdrops; February wakes the
hyacinths, the multi-colored japonicas and
the pearly camellias, and, by the time the
March winds blow, the garden is in its
early spring attire.

March is preeminently garden-waking
and garden-making time in the South.
The lawn has to be made, if it was not
done in the fall; the seed of salvias, ver-
benas, and antirrhinums must be planted
in boxes, and also the vegetables, tomatoes
and peppers. In sunny situations, where
they are to bloom, are placed the seed of
dwarf nasturtiums, morning - glories,
dwarf helianthus, ageratuni, sweet alys-
sum, larkspur, and marvel f Peru. For
either sunny or shady spot- iix the zinnias
and hyacinth beans.

The gladioli and ilriiiias require full
sunlight, and should be planted as early
in March as possible, as should also the
roses, which ought to have been put out
in December or January, but will well re-
pay the later planting. On March Four-
teenth last year, I planted fifteen roses,
from which I cut many flowers during the
summer. They were the Frau Karl
Druschki, most glorious of white roses, the
Etoile de Lyon, the beautiful yellow, and
the Killarney, clearest and most exquisite
of pinks. Planting five of each variety
enabled me at any time to cut enough of
one color for a vase or bowl a most de-
sirable thing to be able to do.

Sea Island yuccas, cannas of all kinds,
shasta daisies, veronicas, and physostegia
virginianas grow equally well in sun or
shade, and planted early in March form
invaluable aids to garden beauty and
bloom.

The wistaria, rhynchospernum jasmin-
aides or star jessamine, clematis panicula-
ta, hydrangea grandiflora, and roses, hav-
ing had a fall dressing of manure, ap-
preciate a spring portion of bonemeal and
potash. For the lawn, nothing is better
than cotton seed meal at this time of the
year.

Of the salvias, "Ball of Fire" and "Bon-
fire" are most reliable and satisfactory,
both as to quality of bloom and length of
time of flowering. The salvias can be de-
pended on in any situation, whether sun
or shade, provided that the soil is rich.

The Mammoth verbenas, white, pink,

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

217

and scarlet, are my favorites, and of the
antirrhinums, the giant white, pink and
garnet.

Asters make stronger plants when the
seed is sown in the sunny borders where
they are to bloom, although they grow
fairly well in partial shade. If the early-
branching and the late-branching kinds are
used, a succession of many weeks of flow-
ers may be secured. My preference is for
the white, pink and pale lavender of the
above varieties, and nothing that grows in
my garden gives more beauty and satis-
faction.

The zinnias, as we now know them, de-
serve a place in every garden. I plant
both giant and dwarf varieties, and, to
avoid clashes of color, use only white,
crimson, flesh and salmon pinks, and I
glory in their rich luxuriance from early
May until late fall. If kept well cut, I
know of no more effective summer flow-
ers.

Cannas in the South do not have to be
taken up in the fall, and they multiply so
rapidly that care must be exercised in
placing them lest they overrun their more
delicate and less obtrusive garden neigh-
bors. Naturalized in the lawn, against
fences, planted in clumps in chimney
corners, or where a temporary screen is
needed, they make a rich and beautiful
background. Careful attention must be
given to color, however ; for, while hedges
of either yellow or red varieties are good,
those of mixed colors are rarely ugly. For
a screen, the tall kinds are best, while, for
a low hedge or clumps in the perennial
borders, the dwarf kinds are to be prefer-
red. A hedge of tall yellow cannas, with
masses of dwarf helianthus in the fore-
ground, glorified an ugly division fence in
my garden for many months last year.

The Stone tomatoes and the Chinese
giant peppers, if planted in early March,
are ready for transplanting in late April,
and give excellent results in very limited
space. Radishes planted in the open are
ready for the table in early April. If
garden areas permit, free planting of all
the early vegetables should be made at this
time.

First in my summary of garden opera-
tions for March, I mentioned the planting
of the lawn, and again, because of its im-
portance, I emphasize the sowing of the
grass plot. Have the soil deeply spaded,
thoroughly enriched, plant the most care-
fully selected evergreen lawn grass seed,
and in the fall it will be necessary only to
reseed in order for you to have from
March to March a turf that is green and
rich and beautiful.

When the seed are all carefully packed
away, the bulbs and roots planted where
they should be, there is time to breathe in
the fragrance and enjoy the beauty of the
March blossoms. My garden book shows
that, for three succeeding years, March
winds have brought to me the spicy sweet-
ness of the hyacinths, and have opened the
golden bells of the daffodils and the rich
cups of the iris and tulips. March comes
in laden with the breath of violets and goes

DAVEY

EXPERT
Examine
Yburtrees

NOW

TREE EXPERTS

THENATIONS TREES

This Tree
split apart
because it had
a weak crotch. Such]
a disaster COULD
HAVE BEEN pre-.
vented by a DAVEY
TREE EXPERT.

JOHN DAVEY
iFathtr of Tree '

DAVEY TREE EX-
PERTS are employed
jby the United States
[Government, by many
of the states, by a large
jiumber of cities, and by
the Canadian
Government.

More than two-thirds of the trees in America have weak crotches, and are
liable to be split apart by the first high wind. Such trees are structurally
weak They are bound to split apart sooner or later. It may be five or ten
years, or it might be only five or ten days. A weak crotch can seldom be
detected by the untrained eye. The danger signals are always there. DAVEY
EXPERTS are trained to detect them and prevent disastrous splitting. We wil 1
gladly have one of 9\ir experts examine your trees without charge, and report
on their exact condition. It costs ten times as much to save a tree after split-
ting apart as it would to have secured that tree against splitting. Splitting
branches are a source of danger to other trees as well as to buildings. You
may think that your trees are sound Maybe they are, but guesswork is un-
necessary. Learn the truth through a DAVEY EXPERT without cost or
obligation. There is a DAVEY EXPERT in your vicinity. Splitting crotches
are but one of the ailments of trees. Dead limbs are unsanitary, unsightly and
unsafe, and a constant menace to life. Cavities, if not properly treated, con-
tinue to decay and destroy the tree. Some trees require more nourishment-
Some require water Some must be sprayed to destroy insects, or treated for
diseases Some few require no attention at all. If your trees need no treat-
ment, you want to know it; if they do need treatment, you ought to know it.

Write for booklet "E"

The Davcy Tree Expert Company, Kent, Ohio

BRANCH OFFICES. TELEPHONE:

225 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y Madison 8<luare~954S

Harvester Bldg., Chicago, HI Harrison 2866

New Birka Bldg., Montreal, Can Up Town 6726

Merchants' Exch, Bids. , San Francisco, Cal Telephone Connection

REPRESENTATIVES AVAILABLE EVERYWHERE

SILVER LAKE A

(Name stamped indelibly on every
foot)

The man who builds a house without
asking about the sash-cord to
be used is laying up trouble
for himself. Insist that the
specifications mention SILVER
LAKE A. Its smooth surface
offers nothing on which the

?ulley can catch. Guaranteed
or Twenty years.

Write for Free Booklet.
SILVER LAKE COMPANY

87 Chauncy St., Boston, Mass.

Makers of SILVER LAKE solid braided

clothes lines.

Samson Spot Clothes Line

SOLID BRAIDED COTTON
Strong :: Durable :: Flexible

Will not kink, stretch, ravel, nor stain the
clothes. Guaranteed to last at least five
years, even when permanently exposed to
the weather. Can be distinguished at a
glance by our trademark. The Spots on the
Cord.

Send for Sample. Carried by all dealers, or write to us.
SAMSON CORDAGE WORKS BOSTON, MASS.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GAROEN.

I 218

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

Slurievanl

Vacuum Cleaner

Eventually you will buy a
vacuum cleaner, because you
know that without it your home
cannot be kept wholly and per-
fectly clean. The only question
is which machine is best?

In the Western Electric-Sturte-
vant you can buy a cleaner of
proven merit representing the
combined effort of two manufac-
turers with over 30 years' ex-
perience. The simplicity of this
machine will appeal to you, and
the name of its makers is in
itself a guarantee of satisfac-
tory operation.

Make your choice from our three

portable machines. In price they

range from $47.50 to $125.00. If you

are building, let

us tell you about

our stationary

cleaners.

Details in Booklet
No. 4-A

ESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY

New York
I Buffalo
Philadelphia
Boston

Atlanta

Richmond
Savannah
Cincinnati

Manufacturers of the 7,000.000 "Bell
Chicago St. Louis

Milwaukee Indianapolis

Pittsburgh
Cleveland

Telephones
Kansas City
Oklahoma City

Denver

Minneapolis Dallas Salt Lake City

St. Paul Houston Los Angeles

EQUIPMENT FOR EVERY ELECTRICAL NEED

San Francisco
Oakland
Seattle
Portland

STOKES' STANDARD ASTERS,
SEVEN KINDS, FIFTY CENTS

Superb branching asters of white, roec,
pink, purple, lavender, crimson, dark
violet or mixed, each color the beat that
can be had. Masses of immense flowers,
borne on strong branches, make brilliant
display, throughout the summer. Any
color, or mixed, 10 cents a packet: one

pin-In of each of 7 colors, 50 r<-ni postpaid.
PLANT STOKES* SEEDS AT MY EXPENSE

To nhow their quality I will send you 50
cents worth of seeds, credit slip good for 25
cents on your next order, and my 1913 catalog
all for25 cents. The seeds are one packet each of:
LETTIWK-Rlr Boaton. Best heading

variety (or open ground or frames

Big, solid, crisp, tender.

RADISH Hrarlel <.l..l, . Heady in twenty da vs.
TOMATO Itonnv RpMt Karlv. Earlioat, biggust bearer.
AHTKKHStokn* Ntumlunl.

PANSIFS Stokes. Htamlarrt. Blend of finest French.
Mail 25 cts. to-day and get**-eds, credit slip and catalog.

Catalog ul. .,!. lull
IM'. S I OKr S. IM'i'l- 1H:[. 'Jlit HarlcH Si., Philad

Smoky Fireplaces

Made to Draw

Payment Conditional on Success

FREDERIC N.WHITLEY E " c ^ r c,r

210 Fulton Street; Brooklyn. N. Y.

Heating Ventilating Air Filtration

Let Us HELP YOU

plan your garden and advise with you regard
ine the landscaping of your estate. Our nui
aeries (more than 800 acres} offer thejnneet
collection in America for lawn and garden
planting Our advice is yours for the askini
Write for Catalog D

THESTEPHEN HOYT'S SONSCOMPANY

Est. 1R4S New Canaan, Conn.winc.'ioM

out shaking the snowy petals of the
spireas, lighting the flaming torches of the
fiery cydonias, and scattering sunshine
under the long stems of the fragrant yel-
low jasmines and dainty banksia roses.

JULIA LESTER DILLON

The Collector's Corner
Colonial Candlesticks

THE genuine antiquity of the pair of
massive brass candlesticks shown in
the illustration is not a matter of mere con-
jecture, for they were neither a dubious
"find" in an out-of-the-way place, nor a
product of the ubiquitous antique shop.
They were recently left as a legacy to a
Virginia woman by a venerable neighbor,
the last of her line in a community that
contains Washington homes, Washington
heirlooms and so many other interesting
relics of a historic past that nothing under
a hundred years of age is worthy of con-
sideration as an antique.

The candlesticks, of excellent propor-
tions and graceful outline, are eighteen

A Pair of Genuine Colonials

inches high, and like everything else manu-
factured of brass in those primitive times,
are extraordinarily heavy and solid in con-
struction. Their bases, if nothing else, are
proof positive of their Colonial origin.
Neither circular nor square, as are the
bases of modern candlesticks, they are
rectangular in shape and seem quite small
and out of proportion to the size of the
candlesticks themselves. Mantel shelves
in Colonial days were so very narrow that
nothing with a stand more than three or
four inches wide could be placed on them.
Candlesticks therefore, no matter how
elaborate or massive they might have been,
were of necessity made with narrow bases
in order that they might occupy the con-
spicuous places for which they were
planned with a small amount of space.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

219

The Vital Functions of Light in the

Home
(Continued from page 171)

When one is purchasing, look into re-
flectors, which are usually placed over
the lamp, which is in a vertical posi-
tion. If they have the blinding glare
of the automobile headlight, and are filled
with streaks and lines of painful bril-
liancy, avoid them, or insist that they
shall be furnished with depolished inner
surfaces.

Dr. Percy W. Cobb, physiologist for
one of the tungsten lamp manufacturers,
states: "In the case of prismatic reflec-
tors it is only when they are so far away
that the eye is unable to distinguish their
individual surfaces, that there is any re-
duction in intrinsic brilliancy, significant
for the protection of the eyes."

The danger of polished surface reflec-
tion is one of the ills attending the advent
of our light sources of high intrinsic bril-
liancy. When light strikes a surface one
of two things happens, it is reflected
or diffused. If the surface is polished or
glazed, no matter of what material it
may be or in what form, when light im-
pinges upon such surfaces it will be sharp-
ly reflected often directly into the eye,
causing glare and eye strain, with all its
attendant miseries. Who has not ex-
perienced the necessity of shifting the po-
sition of the glazed reading page to avoid
the glare? Does the position of the depol-
ished page of the newspaper, for instance,
require shifting? Every impinging ray of
light is diffused by its unglazed surface
scattered and disseminated so perfectly that
eye strain is eliminated, and eye comfort
prevails. Avoid polished surfaces wher-
ever possible, always in case of inner sur-
faces of pendant lighting shades, which
are. shaped so as to disclose the illumi-
nant and its secondary reflecting surface.
All glass manufacturers can furnish glass-
ware depolished on the interior. Insist
upon their doing so.

And now to revert momentarily from the
physiological to the esthetic, at best but
a brief interval to span, let us consider
the use of light in making the home at-
tractive. Referring to the illustration at
the lower portion of page 169, a reconcilia-
tion of light and decoration is seen. First
there is a small art lamp beside the piano.
Against a dark green wall of practically
neutral color value at night, its graceful
shade of blended old rose is just bright
enough to emphasize its value as a deco-
rative symbol while it adds beauty to the
complexion of her upon whom it shines.
Pink gelatine film is placed about the illu-
minant within the exterior shade and on
the side nearest the wall an opaque screen
prevents the splotch of wall light which
usually mars the effectiveness of wall
lamps. Beneath this screen, a dense red
film suffuses the small picture, artlessly
placed at the lamp base, with a dull glow.
Above this small picture, is a water color
reproduction of Burne Jones's "Awaken-

The Telescope of Speech

The astronomer, by the power of his
telescope, becomes a reporter of the
movements of a hundred worlds
greater than ours, and the student of
celestial activities millions of miles
away.

He points his instrument at any
spot in the heavens, and his sight
goes rushing through space to dis-
cover and inspect a star hitherto
unknown.

Up to the power of his lenses, his
vision sweeps the universe.

As the telescope may be focused
upon any star, so the telephone may

be focused upon any person within
the range of its carrying power.

Your voice may be directed any-
where in the Bell System, and it will
be carried across country at light-
ning speed, to be recognized and
answered.

The telescope is for a very limited
class, the astronomers. The telephone
is for everyone.

At the telescope you may see, but
cannot be seen. At the telephone you
may speak and be spoken to, you
may hear and be heard. By means of
the Bell System this responsive ser-
vice is extended to the whole nation..

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY

/AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One Policy One System Universal Service

and 121 I 69tb St.
NEW YORK

But. 26 years

Garden and Hall
Furniture

Guaranteed to stand any

climate;

Marbles, Terra Cotta,
Stones, etc., Vases,
Benches Sun Dial Ter-
minals, Tables, Fountains,
Flower Boxes, Mantels,

Statues, Reliefs, etc.
Send 26c for illustrated

catalog of 295 pages.

The best copies of the best

originals

MODERN GLADIOLUS

I am again offering to my old friends and new customers
the finest kinds of gladiolus bulbs to be had, the kind that
take premiums wherever offered and surprise and delight
the people. Not only Groff's Hybrids, but all other sorts
that ore first cluss, including the best new named sorts and
some never before offered. Fifty selected flowering size
bulbs, postpaid, for 50 cents.

GEO. S. WOODRUFF, 1S11FI .S^, ,<>.

IMPORTED CACTUS and
DECORATIVE DAHLIAS

At Reasonable Prices

Also 500 varieties of the best to be
found in U. S. A.

Dahlias are more popular than ever
before, for the new varieties are more
beautiful.

Send for my catalog.

MRS. H. A. TATE

OLD FORT - - N. C.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

220

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

Plan to Have Us
Care For Your Trees Early

WHEN the first warm Spring days
come, everybody wants tree work
done at once.

Very naturally, some have to wait;
Right now, before the buds have started
or the leaves come out, is an ideal time to
have us inspect your trees. Everything
can now be more plainly seen and more
plainly pointed out to you.

Our inspections are a pointing out of the
attention your trees need. This pointing
out in no way obligates you to have any

work done. It simply informs you of what
should be done for the preservation of the
health and beauty of your trees.

Avoid the Spring rush this year.

Have us make an inspection at once and,
if you like, arrange for the immediate car-
rying on of the work.

Our booklet "Trees: The Care They
Should Have" tells about the kind of
work we do and who we are who do it.
Send for it.

MUNSON WHITAKER Go. I

'A Forest Engineers New York: 470 Fourth Ave. ; Boston: 623 Tre- (V

* * ~_ mont Bldg. ; Chicago: 513 Commercial Bank Bids. 'M

Is Your Refrigerator
Poisoning Your
Family?

Your doctor will tell you that a re- u

oK'Monroe"

30 Days' Trial Factory Price Cash or Credit

Direct from factory to you saving you store profits.
We pay freight and guarantee your money back and
removal of refrigerator at no expense to you if you are
not absolutely satisfied. Easy terms if more conven-
ient for you. Send for book. NOW Use coupon or a
letter or postal.

Monroe Refrigerator Co., - Station 4-C, Lockland, Ohio

frigerator which cannot be kept sweet,
clean and wholesome, as you can easily
keep the Monroe, is always dangerous
to the health of your family. The Mon-
roe is the only refrigerator made with

Solid Porcelain
Compartments

which can be kept free of breeding
places for the disease germs that poison
food which in turn poisons people. Not
cheap "bath tub" porcelain-ename/, but
me solid piece of show-white unbreak-
able porcelain ware nothing to crack,
craze, chip, break or absorb moisture
but genuine porcelain, over an inch
thick as easily cleaned as a china bowl
every corner rounded not a single
crack, crevice, joint, screw-head or any
other lodging place for dirt and the
germs of disease and decay. Send at
once for

Free Book About Refrigerators

which explains all this and tells you how
to materially reduce the high cost of liv-
ing how to have better, more nourish-
ing food how to keep food longer with-
out spoiling how to cut down ice bills
how to guard against sickness doctor'*
bills.

u. 6

* J

I J

2
21

ing of Galatea" and suspended from the
jaws of a gargoyle by antique chains
hangs an old Egyptian urn. Within,
a lamp, placed in a home-made reflector
of asbestos, and covered with scarlet gela-
tine film casts a rosy glow upwards, which
in turn is re-diffused downwards by the
ceiling, conveying with just sufficient em-
phasis the flesh tints betokening the
awakened life of the beautiful Galatea.
The lower portion of the body receives
just a touch of white light, enough to mark
the gradation twixt marble and flesh. Be-
low, the figure of the sculptor Pygmalion,
kneeling reverently at the base of his
masterpiece, is barely revealed beneath
impressive shadows. The interpretation
of the artist is enhanced and the theme of
this legend of ancient Greece, embellished
by light. From any viewpoint in the room
the effect is equally perfect, there being
no glaring reflection from the picture-
glass, so characteristic of our art gallery
lighting.

Above the piano is a small cabinet,
serving to support a transparency invis-
ible by day but at night revealing two lit-
tle owls upon a tree branch sharply silhout-
ted against the full moon. The player at
the piano by the touch of a switch may
diminish or increase the quantity of light
on his music without destroying the pic-
torial effect by a burst of light, the music
page alone being brightened. In other
parts of the room light has been directed
upon a picture or even shines through
the canvas of a work in oils. Where an
object is to be emphasized or its effect
heightened, light is used to bring out its
beauty. On a bookcase a simple candle-
stick with its shade of pink silk delicately
illumines the face of an old French clock,
and brings out the rich brown tints of the
old wood, while at its base the lines of
a bronze are suggestively relieved by sil-
houette. Another simple effect is pro-
duced by shining a soft light through a
panel-skylight of stained glass set in the
ceiling of a bay-window embrasure. The
light shining down upon a fern is like the
late glow of sunset entering the room.

The hall, too, can be relieved of its
canon-like narrowness and height, so com-
mon to some houses. Here the usual, tire-
somely conventional hat-rack and um-
brella-stand are absent. From above a
latticed ceiling streams a light like that of
the moon, making it seem like a loggia
open to the sky. The light brings out in
strong relief the outlines of an appropriate
urn, while at the entrance arch a globe
of soft golden hue is contrasted with
what appears to be the blue sky overhead.

These effects are but simple arrange-
ments that second the ordinary equipment
with very slight expense and small trouble.
Though one would not wish to combine
them all as is done here, they suggest pos-
sibilities for heightening the atmosphere
of home.

New inventions and new methods have
made such possibilities in lighting methods
almost unlimited and have given great
opportunities to the home decorator.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

221

A Grease Tank

WHEN cesspools are used to receive
the waste of farmhouses, it often
happens that the water fails to drain away
after a time because of an accumulation
of grease from the kitchen sink. This
grease collects on the surface of the water,
sometimes reaching a thickness of an inch
or more, and as the water rises and falls
it is deposited on the sides. If the cess-
pool becomes dry, as often happens when
the drainage is good, the bottom is also
covered with grease. Then the water is
unable to seep away and the cistern be-
comes full in a comparatively short time,
while it might not require attention for
years except for this accumulation of
grease.

The remedy for this condition is a
smaller cesspool or tank made preferably
of cement, although an empty tar barrel
will serve the purpose, into which the pipe
from the kitchen sink leads. Another
opening, a few inches above the bottom,
feeds a pipe which connects this prelimi-
nary tank with the main cesspool. When
such a plan is carried out, the grease is
collected on the surface of the water in
the small tank, and may readily be re-
moved at intervals. If the outlet pipe is
allowed to project into the tank an inch
or two and is bent downwards, there will
be no escape of the grease, and the natural
drainage of the cesspool will no longer be
interfered with. This plan is just as ap-
plicable to houses at the seashore where
there is not a regular sewer system as to
those in the country, although soil at the
shore is likely to be more porous than that
in the country and therefore not so easily
affected by the grease.

E. I. FARRINGTON

Suggestions on Vine Growing

LOVERS of gardens have a wonderful
list of vines to choose from, and gar-
den problems would be much easier if we
could put the right one in its right place
in the beginning. Vines of a twining na-
ture like the wistaria and others can
hardly fail to be rightly placed, as we
all know their requirements and habits,
but certain locations call for special qual-
ities which can only be determined by
planting, sizing up and, if necessary, re-
moving. Only the unskilful gardener
plants anything too deep to be dug up
again, although many such gardeners do
exist.

My pantry window is on the north side
of the house, with no trees near, and it
was necessary to shade it. This was a
situation calling for the right vine, so I
spent a few days examining the gardens
of my neighbors. Much experimenting
and waiting could be saved if this plan
were followed in general, and guided by

THE
WHITE
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THUS AUGMENTING THE

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and enhancing
TO THE UTMOST

THE SAFETY ^ VESSEL

The New "Olympic" is the greatest production of
the premier British shipbuilders the highest
achievement of their long and fruitful experience
in constructing many of the largest steamers
of recent years and in her, will be embodied
everything that human foresight has devised for
the safety of the passengers and crew.

NEWARK April 12, May 3

\MAY 24. JUNE 14. JULY 5.
and regularly thereafter.
White Star Line, 9 Broadway, New York. T -
Offices and Agencies Everywhere V.
^^^^^^ "~ >fr_

F DECK

lans

booklet on
Gardens
Easily Made."

Hardy Permanent Gardens Now an Open Sesame to the Busy Man

In our attractive booklet "Hardy Gardens Easily Made For The Bnsy Man" we have endeavored to simplify
the making of a Garden of PerennlalB~or Old-Fastloned Flowers by prepared plans adaptable to most situations
with the lowest estimates of cost that make them no longer a Utopian Dream. Let us send you one and save
hours of needless worry over catalogues and surprise yourself what can be done for ao little money.

Sent on receipt of lOc, together with our 48-page 9x12 Catalogue of Hardy Plants.

THE PALISADES NURSERIES, Inc. R. W. Clucas/Mgr. Sparkill, N. Y.

(.rower* of I'alUartes I'upular Perennial", and I :.n<l-' >i|.- t.
Vi*tOT* alwaw wrlcnmc at our Nurgfriex, where then can make telrction* from more than

and tfirietit* of Hardv Plant*

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

222

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

Your Garden:

Your garden and grounds should be thoroughly and care-
fully planned during the winter and early spring. A new and
special feature of our 1913 issue of the "Garden Guide and
Record," is the introduction of a department showing several
garden plans laid out by our experts to fit various sized plots,
with the view of obtaining the most satisfactory results.

To get the best results from your garden it is necessary to
get the best seeds. Every packet of Henderson's seeds that is
sold has behind it the accumulated experience of sixty-six years
of successful seed growing and selling. Most of the accepted
methods of seed testing and trials in use to-day originated with
the founder of our firm, and the methods that were the best
three generations ago have been improved and bettered by us
from year to year and are to-day still the best. The initial
cost of the seeds is really the smallest cost of your
garden and it pays to be sure you have started
right. Henderson's are Tested Seeds.

Special Offer

PETER HENDERSON & CO.

35-37 CORTLANDT STREET NEW YORK

Alphano Humus
Better Than Fertilizers

Costs

IT'S not a chemical preparation.
It is odorless. It's Nature's

own make. She has been
hundreds of years in the making.

It is pure Humus, rich in nitro-
gen and various other elements
essential to plant growth.

It is not a flashy stimulant, but
a food that lasts, strengthening
the plants for a surprisingly long
time. For lawns it is unequalled.
Being a powder, it is not unsight-
ly. No danger of burning the
roots by putting on too much.

For roses and all kinds of flow-
ers and vegetables, it is ideal.

Less

100 pounds of Humus goes
many times farther than an equal
amount of stable manure, and has
the great advantage of at once
being available to the roots.

Send for booklet.

Alphano Humus is not a new
thing. It has been on the market
for years. If not absolutely as
we guarantee, money back.

Sold in 1 00 Ib. bags. Delivered
anywhere East of the Mississippi
for $2.00. Try a bag in your
garden.

Special price on ton and car-
load lots.

Alphano Humus

940 Whitehall Bldg. New York City

my observations I finally decided on the
perennial pea as best meeting all particu-
lar requirements. Soon afterward the
young seedlings were ready for business.

My house has the modern overhanging
roof that extends three feet beyond the
window. I had a wide piece of wire fast-
ened to the extreme edge, stretched tightly
and pegged to the ground. Another strip
was fastened parallel to this, joining a hol-
low square to be covered with vines, allow-
ing a fine circulation of air and keeping
the pantry excellently cool. Vines grow-
ing flat against a window add but little to
the comfort of a house, and the extension
roof is so sane an idea that it makes one
wonder at its comparative lateness.

The perennial pea vine is not consid-
ered a rapid grower, but with good rich
soil and plenty of water it covered my
wires to the roof in less than a year. This
vine is easily kept in trim. It is not too
heavy in growth, and has shown itself in
all respects perfectly adapted to its place.
For three months the vine itself goes into
total eclipse under a veil of sprays of the
tiny pink peas, giving a striking and beau-
tiful effect that cannot fail to attract at-
tention. And the delicate form and tender
green of the vine itself is extremely pleas-
ing even when out of bloom.

In the winter when its shade was no
longer needed, and even disadvantageous
through the need of extra light, I cut it
back to the wires and thinned it out, leav-
ing only enough to guard against the
frames becoming unsightly.

The beautiful old jasmine with its starry
white flowers grows anywhere in the gar-
den, and in practically every locality ex-
cept where there is very cold weather. Yet
this beautiful vine that is attractive
throughout the year is often disregarded.
A. E. STOCKTON

The Hundred Per Cent. Garden

(Continued from page 172)
surface of the soil becomes simply a layer
of hard lumps among which the roots are
unable to find a continual feeding ground.
The degree of fineness to which the soil
is pulverized has a great deal to do with
the amount of plant food which will be
released for the crop that is growing.
Some years ago the Cornell Experiment
Station grew potatoes several successive
years on the same ground without adding
fertility of any sort, except what they
were able to release in the soil itself by
extra thoroughness in plowing, harrow-
ing, cultivating, etc. and the crops they
produced averaged over three times as
much per acre as those of the average
farmers in the state, the great majority
of whom used manures or fertilizers of
some sort. Another very desirable prop-
erty of soil upon which crops are growing
is plenty of humus, or decayed vegetable

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

223

matter. The great value of humus, which
for a while puzzled the agricultural
chemist, frequently lies as much in the
physical effect which it produces in the
soil, keeping it friable and enabling it to
absorb and retain moisture, as in the
actual plant food which it adds. This is
one of the reasons, for instance, why the
ton of manure mentioned above produced
greater results than a bag or two of
chemicals containing the same amount of
plant food.

It was also discovered as experiments
continued to be carried on, that certain
crops, as clover, would sometimes show
upon analysis more nitrogen than could
be accounted for by the supply in the soil.
Where, then, did it come from? After a
good deal of speculation it was discovered
that this extra nitrogen was furnished to
the plant through the agency of colonies
of micro-organisms which took up their
abode in the plants' roots. And as nitrogen
is the most expensive of the plant food
elements, this was evidently a valuable
fact to learn. The theory of soil inocula-
tion for various crops which has been
written about and advertised extensively
during recent years, is based upon the idea
of supplying these little nitrogen-gather-
ing "bugs" of various species to soil
where they do not already exist, thus mak-
ing it possible to grow thereon bigger
crops of peas, beans, clover, alfalfa and
other things which come within the lucky
group.

So much for the general principle of
how plants feed and how they may be fed
and it is essential that one should have
some knowledge of these things in order
to deal intelligently with the problems
which even the smallest of gardens offers.

The question of more intimate interest
is, of course, what can you do to make
your own garden rich? This problem
naturally assumes the double aspect of
how to add humus and the proper plant
food to the soil, and how best to prepare
it for the plant crops that are to be planted
in it.

The products of the home garden,
practically speaking, are disposed of at
retail prices, for a penny saved is a, penny
earned. And as they can all be used, if
proper care is exercised in planning the
proportions of space for the various plant-
ings any additional price in buying
manure or fertilizers in small amounts is
more than counterbalanced, so that the
home gardener, as a matter of fact, has
a wider margin out of which to pay for
his added plant food than has the com-
mercial grower. First of all endeavor to
secure a supply of manure. As manure
varies so as to be worth from practically
nothing to six or seven dollars a cord (de-
livered), you should be careful to get it
only from someone upon whom you can
rely. It should be well rotted and have
been kept under cover. Furthermore you
should see that it has not been burned out
or "fire-fanged" from becoming super-
heated, in which case it will have in spots

(Continued on page 226)

bulbs have started
and cakey. This
splendid collection
CATALOGUE.

ajfden Full

ladioli

/or

JFO Cents

The GLADIOLUS is prob-
ably one of the most satisfac-
tory flowers grown because it
blooms continuously when it
is cut and put in water just as
well as when in the ground.

Did you ever consider the possi-
Sjt- bilities of this grand flower?

You can have them in bloom from
July to frost if you plant a few bulbs
each month from April to July.

For only 50 CENTS we will send
50 BULBS of our GRAND PRIZE

Mixture, including the best representative
varieties.

The culture of Gladioli is a simple one :
bulbs may be inserted in the ground with
a trowel, about four inches deep and one or
two feet apart, being careful to rake over
the ground with a small weeder after the
to grow, so as to keep the ground from becoming hard
will insure splendid blooms. Write today and secure this
of Gladioli Bulbs for only 50 CENTS with our 1913

50 Barclay Street

NEW YORK

Residence of Judge Garden Green,
Norwich, Conn.

PARKER, PRESTON CO/S

Art in Shingle Stains

(Waterproof and Odorless)

These Shingle Stains are famous for their artistic richness and
tone of colors. The colors being absolutely pure insure extreme
durability.

Free from creosote and unpleasant odor. Made from Pure Lin-
seed Oil and our own Waterproof Liquid combination. Sheds
water like a duck's back, thereby increasing life of shingles
fourfold. Write for Cabinet "H of artistic colors free.

Adamant Floor Coating,

Adamant Cement, Brick and Plaster Coating.

Parker's Asbestos Shingle Coating.

Waterproof Flat Brick Stains.

Weatherproof Coating.

PARKER. PRESTON CO., Inc.

Manufacturers Paint Specialties NORWICH, CONN.

Branch: SOI Fifth Aae., N,u> York

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

224

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

MANHATTAN DRAINBOARDS

Covered] With White Metal

Like Sterling Silver (Not Plated)

All Sizes and Shapes

The seams and crack* in a wood drain-
board harbor enemies to health which are
not always visible but are ever present.

There is no plumbing fixture that comes
in closer contact with dishes and tableware.

JOHN TRAGESER STEAM
COPPER WORKS

447-457 W. 26th STREET, NEW YORK

THE LAWNS OF OLD ENGLAND

are famous for their wonderful perfection and durability.
Such lawns may be bad here if real

IMPORTED ENGLISH LAWN GRASS SEED

is used. This seed is the result of centuries of selection.
No weed seeds or coarse grasses in it. Hardy and fine in texture
and beautiful in color. We have handled this seed for
more than one hundred years. We import the choicest
Quality only, with seed for shady places a specialty.

Write for free Booklet.
"How To Seed & Keep A Beautiful Lawn"

Harwell's Agricultural Works

Madison and Sands Sts., Waukegan, 111.

Established at Leicester, England, in 1800.

ALL the elements of convenience
that you associate with the idea of
a hot closet are enhanced and new uses
develop when you have

THE PROMETHEUS ELECTRIC

A turn of the switch is all the atten-
tion it needs. The joy of life is less fre-
quently enshadowed when you have this
useful and handsome aid to good living.
Write us for a booklet. "Yours for
warm service."

THE PROMETHEUS ELECTRIC CO.

233 East 43rd St, New York City

Timely
hints for
the home

ENGLISH Garden Baskets handsome, substantial, con-
venient furnished with a complete equipment of
shears, pruning knives, trowels, weeding forks, etc.

China and Glass a practical and admirable selection of
domestic and imported wares.

Tea Kettles, Table Dish Warmers, Chafing Dishes elec-
tric and alcohol Coffee Makers, etc.

Cooking Utensils, Cutlery, Earthenware.

Refrigerators, Kitchen and Laundry Furniture.

Vacuum Cleaners, Carpet Sweepers, etc.

Goods delivered free at stations within 100 miles.

45th St. and 6th Ave., New York

Equipping the Kitchen

(Continued from page 187)
seen. White is the dominant note of the
modern kitchen, the perfect cleanliness of
which is its chief beauty. While a simple
stencil border is sometimes seen, other
decorations are rather out of place, except
those given by carefully chosen utensils,
displayed on the walls, or seen through
cupboard doors.

Kitchen furniture requires little con-
sideration. A small chair or so, and a
kitchen table, are all the movables neces-
sary. Sometimes a hinged shelf, dropped
when not in use, is substituted for the
table. A niche for an ironing board is
often contrived in some convenient corner.

To stock the kitchen with new utensils
is an interesting task in view of the fasci-
nating ware to be found in the shops.
Many home builders think aluminum the
best ware to invest in ; since it is light,
heats through quickly, and is practically
indestructible. The initial cost is, of
course, greater than in buying enamel and
other wares. Blue and white or brown
and white enamel, not long ago a favorite
ware, is still seen in many kitchens, mak-
ing a charming array, though it chips
easily and must then be discarded as
dangerous. Tin is best for many purposes,
and while soon worn out, is cheap. While
heavy iron kettles are no longer used, an
iron "spider" is still a necessity. Before
selecting utensils it is a good idea to study
the lists and pictures of kitchen ware used
by that nation of cooks, the French. While
evidently behind us in the hygienic plan-
ning of kitchens and in the utilizing of
mechanical devices, their utensils have a
way of being admirably adapted to their
purposes. In a number of lists made out
for households of various degrees, from
the poor man's to the prince's, in a French
book recently published, there are, among
other delightful things: a kit of ladles
and spoons, each with its designated use,
and a metal hanger to keep them on ;
kettles for bouillon and ragout, of uncom-
monly good design; pretty sets of little
saucepans with hot water pan, for the
making and keeping hot of sauces ; also
all sorts of handy basins and strainers.
While these utensils are in the copper pre-
ferred .by the French, similar models may
be found in our shops in other materials.
The cost of the aluminum ware shown in
our range illustration was as follows:
saucepan $1.98; small double boiler $2.25;
percolator $7.00; covered casserole $3.49.

For kitchen crockery, white, decorated
with blue stripes, or yellow ware are com-
monly seen. Occasionally white pottery,
decorated in a special device furnished by
the home builder, is procured from the
manufacturer, a method that gives a
distinctive air to the kitchen cabinet.

The kitchen and its equipment fully
planned, the adjoining cool room, pantry
and entries must be considered. As to
walls and floors they receive practically
the same treatment as the kitchen, except
that the dado of tile or cement may be
omitted. Built-in features are confined to

In writing to advertisers please mention Housi AND GARDEN.

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

the pantry. The "butler's pantry," large
and fitted with every convenience for
elaborate entertaining, is not a small house
feature. A small serving room, however,
is frequently placed between kitchen and
dining-room, since kitchen noises and
odors are then lessened in the rest of the
house, and convenient space is provided
for storing china and table linen. Though
space is restricted, a sink is sometimes set
into the window ledge. If the serving
room can consist of rather a long, narrow
hallway, filled in at one side with cup-
boards, and well lighted on the other by a
group of two or three windows occupying
the entire upper wall space, it proves much
more convenient than the ordinary cave-
like room, lighted by a single window and
with much wasted floor space. Also the
window ledge is then of sufficient length
to be of some use. If the house is steam
heated, a steam plate warmer is installed
beneath the ledge, or an electric warmer
may be used. It is a modern innovation
and gives good results. A corner is per-
haps utilized for a built-in cupboard to hold
table leaves. Drawers fill the lower sec-
tions of the cupboards, as more convenient
of access. High cupboards are used only
for storing purposes. In those placed at
a height easily reached, the glass and china
are kept.

The small, cool room opening from a
kitchen opens also, as a rule, into an entry
or porch. If ice must be put through a
window the refrigerator should be of a
kind that permits this method of filling.
Usually it is not. Thick walls with an air
space keep an even temperature in the
room. A shelf or so to put groceries on
and a place for milk bottles are found
convenient. A recently built cupboard, a
substitute for a refrigerator, takes the
place also of cool room. Built into a shal-
low bay, with a small window at one end,
the walls and floor are coated with cement
mixed with cinders. With an ice shelf,
draining into a sanitary trap, and food
shelves made of zinc, the cupboard is
easily flushed with a hose. It is used with-
out ice the greater part of the year.

Preserve and vegetable rooms are
kitchen auxiliaries on the cellar floor.
Thick walls ensure an even temperature.
In some preserve rooms slits in the outer
wall serve as ventilators, all outside light
"being excluded. In others the tradition of
keeping preserves from the light is dis-
regarded, the housewife relying upon
sterilization of jars and the perfect clean-
liness of modern methods to prevent fruit
from fermenting. The old-fashioned,
"hanging shelf that occasionally spoiled a
season's work by falling, has given place
in the modern preserve room to neat cases
of shelves, with or without doors, that line
the walls. On these shelves is an array of
stored-up delights, preserving the colors
as well as flavors of summer. For with
the study of Colonial furniture and archi-
tecture has come a study of Colonial re-
cipes and a revival of jams and jellies,
no longer bought from the grocer, but

A Little Timely Talk on Moon's Shrubs

ARLY this Spring when
the golden bloom branches
of Forsythia are making
cheer spots on your neigh-
bors' grounds, you will
again wish

that you had
planted some
o f Moon's
Shrubs last
fall.

Later on, when the feath-
ery crests of Spirea ; the big
round flowers of the Japa-
nese Snow Ball and the

lovely blooms of the Hy-
, .. <_ i*

drangeas are at their height,
you will wish you had

The smaller shrubs show the char-
acter and quality of ooir shrubs
about 2 feet high, which sell for
twenty or twenty-five cents each.

The larger, about 4 feet high, sell
for fifty to seventy-five cents each.

planted Moon's Shrubs this year, this
Spring.

So year after year you go on wishing
and dreaming while your neighbors'
shrubs and trees are each season growing
the more beautiful.

Better make a break right
now, by sending for Moon's
Catalog, and then order
early so you can plant early.

There are a few plain,
common-sense reasons why
Moon's Hardy plants, shrubs
and trees are superior. Why
they are so reasonable in
price.

The catalog tells the
reasons.

The ^/m. H. Moon Company

Makefield Place

"* MorrisvillePa.

Philadelphia, Room "D" 21 So. 12th Street

r here's but one best in anything-
^Tas^^^^^'' v ' % ^^^^5&^

In Carpet Sweepers

who Doubts it's BIS SELL'S

Thirty-seven years of unbroken leadership tells in brief the history of the
Bissell Sweeper. Our goods have been constantly improved unt <**"
"Cyco" BALL-BEARING typifies the highest achievement in the carpetsweeper
art Runs so easily a mere touch propels ; sweeps deeply and thoroughly
without noise or dust and with no injury to fine rugs or carpets. .
time, labor and health and will last for years. Price $2.75 t<
For sale by all the best trade.

Write for free booklet, "Easy, Economical, Sanitary Sweeping.

BISSELL CARPET SWEEPER CO-

Dept. 131, Grand Rapids, Mich.

$5.75.

(Largest Exclusive Carpet Sweeper Manufacturers in
the World.) (30)

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

226

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

WATER

PLENTY OF IT-AND AT A HIGH PRES-
SURE is a luxurious necessity.

People living in the city never know or realize what a bless-
ing water is at a "high pressure." Because they have always
had water without worrying about its source, people when
building in the country are apt to neglect the question of
water, until the house is finished.

Before building, they should remember that nothing is as
dependable as water, delivered .
by force of gravity, from a
high pressure tank, and that
the best tank tower is the
CORCORAN TANK
TOWER, and they should
also know that the best way
of getting the water into the
tank is by means of the COR-
CORAN WINDMILL.

Before they build they should
let CORCORAN submit plans

and designs, following out the line of architecture which they plan to build

and show them how attractive a windmill and tank tower can be built in

conjunction with the house that they are already planning and how the

space in the bottom part of the tower can be utilized to advantage.

Don't fail to write for estimate of complete cost,
including designing, material and construction.

A. J. CORCORAN, Inc. 17 JOHN STREET, NEW YORK

To Build Beautifully You Should Have These Books

More than tbree hundred illustrations and plans of artistic and comfortable
homes of practically every size and style. Innumerable valuable sugges-
tions and Ideas.

MODKRN DWELLINGS 9 I 12 in. 200 lllus. 1 BOTH

(2,600 to $0(1,000) with Plan* $1.50 I BOOKS

AMERICAN HOMES 150 Illustrations. f e *> nn

(2,000 to $10,000) with Plans $1.00 I $2.0U

These book* contain a profusion of the latest ideas in
GEORGIAN, COLONIAL, ENGLISH, BUNGALOW. ETC.

For those who are Planning to Build
GEO. F. BARBER & CO., Architects, KNOXVILLE, TENN.

SUN
DIALS

A Beautiful Illustrated Booklet,
"WHERE SUN DIALS ARE
MADE," sent upon request.
Estimate* furnished.

Any Latitude
E. a MEYROWITZ, 237 fifth Avenue, New York

Branches: New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul, London, Par!)

Plant your garden with Selected
Seeds; it pays. Write for my Little

Green Book. It explains.
jg<j Paul Dove (A) Wellesley, Mass. (Copy free).

w sv r f Fruitln a sizes Jfc

* * * Send for Catalog. QJ

Pf\ 1 A c2 The Elm City Nursery Co.

V * C New Haien, Dept. N, Connecticut

Hodgson Portable Houses

Artistically designed and finished, made of the most durable materials and practical
at any time of the year in any climate. Made for innumerable purposes. Erection of
buildings extremely simple and can be done by unskilled labor in a few hours' time.

Send for illustrated circulars and state what you are interested in.
E. F. HODGSON CO., 116 Washington St.. Room 226, Boston, Mass.

concocted in the home kitchen as in
former days.

The vegetable cellar is also furnished
with shelves and may have in addition a
rack with ventilated trays for the keeping
of choice fruits. If the vegetable room is
properly built and ventilated, with pits for
the storing of certain of the vegetables, it
does much to lessen the cost of living by
permitting the storage of supplies bought
in the fall when prices are comparatively
low.

A garbage reducer and hot water heater
combined is sometimes installed on the
cellar floor, disposing of at least one
problem of the kitchen. If garbage must
be kept in cans to be collected each week,
it is placed in a covered but ventilated
place, often on the rear porch foundation,
reached from above through a trap door
in the floor. If the family garage is near
the house, outside corner cupboards may
be built in it, just large enough to hold
garbage and ash cans.

In the devising of convenient features
for the kitchen and its tributary rooms,
each home builder has individual ideas.
Carefully worked out, these ideas are what
give distinctive quality to the culinary de-
partment of the household, perhaps the
most important in its effects on the health
and contentment of a family of any of
the home departments.

The Hundred Per Cent. Garden
(Continued from page 223)

a light, gray, ashy appearance. For a
garden 100 x 50 ft. two to three cords will
not be too much ; and though this may
seem to you at first glance a large amount
to spend for plant food for a garden of
this size, you must remember that from
one to two hundred dollars worth of
vegetables can be removed from it during
the year, if it is producing up to -its maxi-
mum capacity; and it will pay you much
better to have it do that than to be getting
half-crops from it, with just as much
money spent in preparing the soil, plant-
ing, cultivating and looking out for it.
Have this manure packed in one or two
convenient piles until you are ready to
have the ground plowed or spaded, which-
ever the case may be.

In case it is not possible for you to ob-
tain manure and you have to place your
reliance in commercial fertilizers, try to
pick out a place for your garden which
was in sod a year or two ago, as this will
to a large extent take the place of the
humus furnished by the manure. Most
garden crops require what is termed a
"4-8-10" fertilizer, one which has four per
cent, of nitrogen, eight per cent, of avail-
able phosphoric acid, and 10 per cent, of
potash. A fertilizer approximating this
formula may be bought in one of the
ready mixed "Market Garden" brands, at
from two to two-and-a-half dollars per one

In n-riting to ailvei lisas /'lease mei./wn HOUSE AND GARDEH.

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

227 [

hundred pounds. Two to two hundred
and fifty pounds will be ample for a garden
of the dimensions above. If you want to
take the trouble you can get as good or
better results by the mixing of your own
fertilizer. One hundred pounds of Nitrate
of Soda, two hundred of Muriate of
Potash, three hundred of Acid Phosphate
and four hundred of high-grade tankage
- or smaller amounts in the same propor-
tions will give you a mixture excellent
for garden use.

A very satisfactory way is to apply part
of the plant food in the form of natural
manure and the rest in a mixture like the
above, using say half of each. Where
manure alone is used, it is very advisable
to use fifty to a hundred pounds of
muriate of potash in addition as the
manure is quite certain to be deficient in
this element. The manure should be
spread over the ground evenly, just before
is is plowed or forked up, and the fertilizer
should be spread on after the ground has
been turned over, but before harrowing
or raking. Special fertilizers for some
crops are used for a "top-dressing" after
growth begins, but these will be mentioned
later on, in another article.

Having thus gathered together the raw
material, on which our plants are to thrive
and grow fat, the next question is how to
prepare in the most effective way. The
first operation, of course, is that of turn-
ing over the soil where it lies, packed hard
and cracked after the previous season's
tramping and the previous winter's freez-
ing and thawing. First of all clear off and
burn any old pea-brush, bean poles, cab-
bage stalks or corn stalks which may have
been left over, otherwise they will be
catching in your implements and turning
up unexpectedly to annoy you all through
the summer.

. I f your garden is large enough to ad-
mit the management of a horse or team,
have it plowed instead of dug up by hand ;
the job can be done much more thorough-
ly, quickly and cheaply that way. The
ground should be turned over just as early
in the spring as it is fit to work, as there
are quite a number of things that can be
planted at once. Care must be taken, how-
ever, not to be top previous with this work,
because if the soil is plowed while wet and
sticky it may be injured for several
seasons. If it happens to be heavy, low-
lying ground, it may have to remain un-
touched for several weeks after your more
fortunately situated neighbors have been
able to begin their garden operations.

The depth to which the soil should be
turned over is determined by the condition
of the soil itself. If it is a good garden
loam that has been worked for many years
before, you may be able to work it up for
six or even twelve inches in depth. A
pretty safe general rule to follow except
where the soil is a very light, sandy one
is to turn it over as far down as the "sub-
soil" which is usually hard, lumpy and of
a different character from the surface. It
will do no harm if a little streak of this is
turned up here and there, but by all means

Coldwell Lawn Mowers

Near the first hole, Pelham Bay Park links, N. Y.

Two Mowers in One

You get practically two horse mowers or two
putting green mowers in one with Coldwell De-
mountable Cutters.

These cutters are removable at will, like the blade of
a safety razor, and two or more go with each machine.

If one cutter needs sharpening or repair, it takes
less than a minute to remove it from the frame and
attach another.

No waste of time sending the whole mower to the shop. No
heavy freight charges.

The new Coldwell Horse
Mowers and Putting Green
Mowers are now made with
this money-saving, time-
saving, labor-saving device-
Coldwell Demountable Cut-
ter (patented). Send for
leaflet giving full description

and prices. Demountable Horse Mower

The Coldwell Company makes lawn mowers in 150 different styles and sizes.
The Coldwell Combination Motor Roller and Lawn Mower is the best
and most economical mower ever made for use on large stretches of lawn.

Descriptive catalogue

I request, together u-ith practical booklet an The Care of Lawns.

COLDWELL LAWN MOWER COMPANY

Philadelphia NEWBURGH, NEW YORK Chicago

Planet Jr.

time-saving labor-light-
ening farm and garden tools
get the greatest yield from your
crops. Light, strong, and lasting.
Fully guaranteed.

| Planet Jr. Double Wheel Hoe, Culti-

of plnntn lit

Yator, Plow and Rake works both ski of plant. <
one pas-^aKO until crops are 20 indies high. Indestruc.
tible steel frame. 8teel leaf lift

tDlTir An instructive 64-page
I 1 1\E.LJ illustrated catalogue!

Showa latest tools for all cult iva I ion i urine
ing seeders, wheel bora, hand and horse
cultivators. Send postal for if today.

,S. L. ALLEN & CO. y

BoilllOK, Phila., Pa.

No. 1

No. 2

No. 3

Rustic Cedar WREN HOUSES by Parcels Post,
prepaid. Your choice {or $1.25, three for $3.50.

Can be fastened under eaves, gable, on pole, pergola,
arbor, trees or suspended. No. 2 is particularly suit-
able for this purpose.

**Wrens never build in colonies, only one family
in a house. The many roomed houses so expensive
are unsuitable and unnecessary. Address

THE CRESCENT CO.

Box 252, Toms River, N. J.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDKK.

228

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

LANT Food Blend fed to the ground in the right way and at the right time
will give better crops. It will make more velvety verdant lawns, richer
foliage and more luxuriant blooms and better flavored and finer vegetables.

U-TREE-T-ME is absolutely odorless

concentrated all available, a scientific discovery, tested six years. It
is rich in all elements necessary to fertilize the ground. It is economi-
cal 5 Ibs. for $1.00 ( (press prepaid anywhere in United States.

Enough for 500 feet lav. n or 130 rosebushes or other shrubs. 100 Ibs.
$5.00, freight prepaid east of Mississippi River. Special prices for

5.00, ireigm prepaid t^i 01 vussissippi Kiver. special prices for
quantities. Send for valuable authoritative booklets on fertilization of
lawns, flower and vegetable gardens and trees and shrubs Free.

CO.
BALTIMORE, MD.

A BOOK ON BIRDS

By Augustus Wight Bomberger

A nature book you can scarcely lay down before finishing. You feel yourself at the author's side, crossing
meadows, climbing fences, tramping the damp, fragrant earth of the woods seeing and hearing wonder after
wonder of bird life through the keen, knowing eye and ear of the author amazed, charmed and instructed
32 Photographs from Life, the result of years of toil by William L. Baily. A Novel Field-Key enables anyone

iknS&dWrlc .' and poXe. 8t . ^V'ST ' fSSof"*"""''* Cl0t "' " '" b k8eUer8 '- "'

THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO., 1012 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

This well known formal garden which we designed and
erected on the grounds of R. R. Colgate, Esq., Sharon Station,
V Conn., admirably shows the delightful effects secured by the
^ proper use of Garden Ornaments.

We will gladly submit plans and estimates to reproduce on your estate
the delightful gardens of Italy, France and England.

Our splendid collection of garden furniture and ornaments modelled from
the masterpieces of the Old World and our own original designs offers such
a large variety of subjects that it is possible to get exactly the results de-
sired. We will mail our handsome illustrated catalogue on request.

The Erkins Studios

226 Lexington Ave.

NEW YORK CITY

The Largest Manufacturers of Ornamental Stone

avoid getting a layer of it on top of your
good soil.

If the garden is too small to make the
use of a plo'.v practicable, and you have to
resort to having it spaded, see that this is
done both deeply and thoroughly, as no
amount of care afterwards will make up
for slovenly work here. If it is an old,
well-worked garden soil it may be neces- .
sary to "trench" it or dig it two spades
deep in order to turn it over clear to the
bottom. In doing this the soil from the
first row or furrow is thrown up on the
surface and the layer below it is turned
over where it is. The surface soil from
the next row is thrown on top of this, leav-
ing the lower layer open to the spade
and so forth for the length of the patch.

Harrowing should be done with more
care, if anything, than the plowing, the
object being to pulverize the ground very
thoroughly below the surface for three or
four inches down ; then to "finish off" the
surface itself until it is as fine and smooth
as it can be made. Modern harrows are
adjustable so that the same one will do
both the two kinds of work. The garden
is then left to be finished off by hand with
an iron rake according as it is needed for
crops.

Do not be disturbed if it seems to dry
off very quickly on the surface after har-
rowing, for this is simply a sign that in
reality the moisture below is being saved
from evaporation by the "dust mulch" on
top of it.

Hints from the Agricultural

Department

TN the report of the Department of
* Agriculture for 1912 are found the
following paragraphs of interest to gar-
deners :

FOOD HABITS OF BIRDS

Careful studies have been made of the
food habits of birds considered injurious
and of many species that are known to be
beneficial. More than 50 species of birds
have been found to destroy the cotton boll
weevil and 31 have been found to feed on
the alfalfa weevil which has recently be-
come so destructive in Utah. Special
studies have been made of the food of
birds in the fruit-growing districts in Cal-
ifornia and of special generally distributed
groups, such as the flycatchers, grosbeaks,
shore birds, and waterfowl. A summary
of some of these studies, entitled "Common
Birds in Relation to Agriculture," has
proved one of the most popular bulletins
ever issued by the department, more than
a half a million copies having been dis-
tributed in recent years.

GIPSY MOTH AND BROWN-TAIL MOTH

The gipsy moth and the brown-tail moth,
two insects accidentally introduced into
New England, became so abundant and
destructive in 1905 as to call not only for
large State appropriations but for govern-
mental aid. Realizing the hopelessness of

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

229

exterminative work after these pests had
gained a firm foothold over 4,000 square
miles of territory, Congress appropriated
to the department a sum of money to be
used in the effort to prevent the spread
of both gipsy moth and brown-tail moth.

During the years in which this appro-
priation has been made, the bureau and
the different States acting in co-operation
have succeeded in preventing any exten-
sive spread and in making the conditions
of the towns and villages within the in-
fested territory perfectly livable, whereas
previously both species had been enor-
mously destructive and very annoying.

During that period further extensive
importations of the parasites and natural
enemies of the gipsy moth have been made
from Europe and from Japan, and of the
brown-tail moth from different parts of
Europe. Very many species have been
imported in great quantities, and a num-
ber of them have been established in New
England territory. The effect of their
work is being more strongly seen each
year, and it is hoped that they will shortly
become so numerous as to be important
factors in holding the destructive insects
in check.

Recent discoveries have been made
which promise, by observing certain prin-
ciples in forest management, to result in
the preservation of good stands of timber
in the New England forests in spite of
the continued presence of these tree pests.

OTHER NOXIOUS INSECTS

The introduction of the parasites and
natural enemies of the gipsy moth and
brown-tail moth is not the only work
of this kind done by the bureau. An
important enemy of the black scale of
the orange and olive has been introduced,
an egg parasite of the elm-leaf beetle as
well, and at present the bureau is engaged
in importing the European parasites of
the alfalfa weevil. Similar shipments of
American parasites to foreign Govern-
ments have also been made, and the most
striking success has been achieved in the
sending of a minute parasite of the mul-
berry scale from the United States to
Italy, where it is reported to have been
of the greatest benefit in the destruction of
the scales, which bred so numerously in
the mulberry plantations as to threaten the
entire destruction of this tree upon which
is based the great silk-growing industry
of that country.

A few years ago a thrips appeared upon
pear trees and other deciduous fruit trees
in central California, completely blasting
the crops and spreading rapidly, threaten-
ing the destruction of practically all de-
ciduous fruits on the Pacific Coast. After
two years' investigation of the method of
life of this pest, the bureau discovered per-
fectly competent remedies, by the use of
which orchardists are once more growing
their normal crops.

Three years ago a weevil destructive to
the alfalfa was discovered in the vicinity
of Salt Lake City. It has spread rather
rapidly to the north and to the east, and

James McCreery & Co.

34th Street

23rd Street

Very much in evidence this season is this particular
style of Furniture, the popularity of which is manifested
by the growing demand*

Reed or Willow Furniture is much sought for its simplicity and
cosy attractiveness, also for its durability and moderate price.

Suites to harmonize with decorations are finished in shades to
match any wood trimming or White Enamel; cushioned seats and
backs of plain colored fabrics or handsome Imported Cretonnes,
being most attractive for bedrooms or summer sitting rooms.

Willow Suites consisting of Sofa, Arm Chair, Arm Rocker, Side
Chair and ( Side Rocker, handsomely cushioned seats and backs.

$87.50 and upward.

Suites in White or French Grey Enamel, $95.50 and upward.

34th Street NEW YORK 23rd Street

Hicks' Shrubs and Trees for Quick Results

if your grounds are as barren of planting as the
one at the left, we can in one summer make them as cozy

3nd homelike as the one above.

It is not an exceptional result either we are doing it all the time.

We have shrubs in all sizes trees little and big.
We advise big trees because you get a mature decoration at once
not years afterward.

It costs more to go to Chicago on the twenty-hour limited express

What a contrast to the house above. If you
have a bare foundation, let ua treat it for
you. If your porch is exposed to the street
or clare of the svm, one of our bite Mapjej,
Lindens, or Pin Oaks, spreading fifteen feet,
will overcome t immediately and at tho
same time add to the valuation of the prop-
erty more than the coat of the tree. Ever
think that Bide of it?

It costs more to go to Chicago o_n the twenty-Hour limited express
Irain but it's worth all it costs in the time it saves. Exactly the
ame applies to buying Hicks' Big Trees; they save ten to twenty years.

You can come to our nursery and pick them out or order direct
from our catalog. Either way you will get trees, well grown and sym-
metrical, with an unusual system of roots, dug and handled with skill.
There are several thousand to select from.

Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury, Long Island

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

230

HOUSE AND GARDEN

MARCH, 1913

Grimm's Galvanized Corrugated Wire Lathing

requires no furring on account
of the V-shaped corrugations
which are imbedded at intervals
of seven inches.

BUFFALO WIRE WORKS COMPANY

464 TERRACE

FORMERLY SCHEELER S SONS

BUFFALO, N. Y.

A Little Green Book
for the Flower Garden

(A lift of selected stock)
PAUL DOVE (B) Wellesley, Ma. (Copy Free)

GARDENING
With Modern Tools

Suburban Gardening with-
out them is not to be
thought of lightly
ou have little time
and less inclination for
evening under old con-
ditions but, with mod-
ern tools you can easily
realize your ambition.

mum

GARDEN DRILLS
AND WHEEL HOES

Sow accurately in drills or hills, hoe, culti-
vate, weed, ridge, open furrows and coyer
them, etc. Parts change quickly. High
steel wheels, steel frame, necessary adjust-
ments for close work. 39 combinations,
y $2.50 to $12.00. Ask the nearest dealer or
\ seedsman to show them, and write us
\ for new booklet, "Gardening With
^ Modern Tools." Also one on
Sprayers for every purpose.

BATEMAN M'F'G. CO.

Boz64-G
GRENLOCH, N. J.

Ewonymus A

Al Q f 11 C
1 I U

The Elm City Nursery Co.
New Karen, Dept. N, Connecticut

Nr T ixr a ir A splendid lot of trees Jit
** * w ** X Send for Catalog. QJ

Maples

The Elm City Nursery Co.
New Haren, Dept. N, Connecticut

Burpee's Seeds
Grow !

and are the best it is possible to produce! If you
love flowers, you have a rare treat on pages in
and 112 of BURPEE'S ANNUAL FOR 1913, where we
strive to describe and picture in nine colors the
amazing beauty of the

These unique Dimorpho-
theca Hybrids are the
most attractive annuals that have been "created" in a
decade! Wonderfully profuse in bloom, they carpet the
ground with bright, large, daisy-like flowers and are eatily
grown everywhere. Per pkt. 10 cts.

C"fiminn Rflll fntmnt Burpee's distinct novelty

Crimson r\ay cosmos O f I9I2 _ t hree times

many petals as the old Cosmos and star-like. Per pkt.

Bu!bank's Rainbow Corn S^ea

as field corn. Per pkt. 10 cts.

Burpee's "Airy-Fairy" Morning Glory

Countless flowers, ivory white, flushed rosy pink, remain
fully expanded until afternoon. Per pkt. 10 cts.

p nr ?*Z r ff we will send ALL THE ABOVE and ALSO
i ui LJ L13. one regular ten cent p^et each of
Burpee's Improved IMPERIAL CENTAUREAS, Burbank'i
New FIRE-FLAME ESCHSCHOLTZIA, Fordhook Finest Mixed
GRANDIFLORA PHLOX and the charming new BURBANK
POPPIES.

/GTEiGHT ELEGANT AHNUALS, costing eighty cents sepa-
rately, mailed for ONLY 25 CTS..' Choicest seed of fitch
all grown upon our own {arms in Pennsylvania, New
Jersey and California.

K3~lf not already received, be sure to WRITE TO-DAY

Burpee's Annual

Long known as "The Leading American Seed Catalog,"
this bright book of 180 pages for 1913 is better than ever
before. It is mailed FREE, upon application.

W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO.

Seed Growers, Philadelphia
Largest Mail-Order Seed House

our "COLUMN OF SWEET PEAS," on page 20 of
House 6f Garden for February.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDEN.

appeared to threaten great danger to this
vitally important crop of the irrigated
regions of the West. The bureau's ex-
perts have been studying it since the be-
ginning, have been engaged in importing
its natural enemies from Europe (it is a
European insect), and have now discov-
ered a method by which the pest can be
handled after the first crop of alfalfa has
been harvested. It is hoped that in time
some other means will be discovered
whereby the important first crop can be
saved.

A Manure Water Sack

ROSES should always receive a gener-
ous wetting with manure water as
the flower buds begin to swell. The size
of the succeeding blooms is a splendid re-
ward for the courtesy on your part. But
to have a barrel of a slop of manure and
water in your yard is offensive in many
ways. A much better plan is to put half
a bushel of manure in an old sack, drop
it at the root of your favorite rose, stick
the nozzle of the garden hose in the sack
and turn on a gentle stream of water. The
manure solution will go right to the spot
and the sack later dropped in an obscure
corner of the garden. HARRY N. HOL

When the Spring Run Starts in

the Sugar Bush
(Continued from page 193)

means a long sap season if you have a
freeze and it thaws a little during the day.
Of course, if it freezes up tight for long
the sap stops and you've got to set around
waitin' for good weather. Same thing if
it gets too warm. That may end the
season for good."

The next day a new problem presented
itself. For in many of the buckets ice was
floating when we got around.

"Chuck it away," was Ray's advice,
"unless you find the whole pail frozen
solid."

This seemed to me wasteful at first, but
when I thought of salt water freezing, I
knew that the action of freezing would ac-
complish the separation of sugar quite
similar to that of evaporation. Ray told
me later that an old Indian used this very
method of getting his sirup from the sap.

We worked as before during several
days. First a cold snap interrupted our
labors and later a few very warm days
seemed to suspend the flow. One day
when a heavy wind swept through the
bush we got hardly any run whatever.
The season lasted well into March and the
camp was open six weeks in all. But by
no means did we have sap run each day;
perhaps we had ten or twelve all together.
Toward the end of the season the sap

MARCH, 1913

HOUSE AND GARDEN

231

Before you
select your shades, write for
this book

This book not only tells why it is more eco-
nomical to buy Brenlin Shades, but shows how
clever housekeepers everywhere are using
Brenlin to make their windows look much bet-
ter. It contains actual samples of Brenlin in all
frades and many rich colors, and gives valua-
le suggestions for their artistic use in har-
monizing room color schemes and draperies.

With this book we will send you the name
of the Brenlin dealer in your town who is now
ready to show you the three popular grades,
priced, for the ordinary window (i yd. x 2
yds.) at

75c, 55c and 30c the ?

BRENLIN UNFILLED-the 750 grade is the
world's finest window shade. It should alwayi
be chosen where length of service and attract-
ive appearance are desired. For this grade if
made of closely woven cloth without the "fill-
ing" that causes ordinary shades to crack and
show unsightly streaks and pin-holes. Sun won't
lade it nor water spot it. It is supple not stiff
yet always hangs straight and smooth. And
it really shades. 750 for windows i yd. x 2 yds.
Special sizes and Brenlin Duplex white one
side, dark the other made to order at propor-
tionate prices.

BH.ENLIN FILLED at 55c and BRENLIN MA-
OHINE MADE at 30c. (or less Important win-
dows, will be found by far the best value la
shades at these prices.

Write for the Brenlin Book today. CHAS. W.
BRENEMAN & CO., 2080 Reading Road, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio.

There is a Brenlin dealer In nearly every town.
If there should not be one In yours, write us
.-and we will supply you direct, we satisfactorily
Ull hundreds of orders by mail erery year.

WHAT
OUR

PLANT AND
TREE CATALOG

MEANS TO YOU

1. Complete instruction in all branches of Horticulture.

2. Convincing proof of the value of Northern Grown Products,

3. The very best van e ties in cultivation to chose from.

-4. Full directions aa to when, how and what to grow to get the

most out of your garden or farm.
5. Landscaping your home ground* at small expense.

This book of 128 pares,, beautifully illustrated, mailed on
application. Write today. It is full of just the information you
.are looking for to make your garden, farm and home profitably
And attractive.

FREE SEEDS SGgafcS?

convince you of the quality of our Northern Grown Stock.

May'" Selection of Colossal Pansies; May Kind
Lettuce, the new early Head Variety.

L. L. MAY & CO. MINNESOTA

changed from clear white and later on got
a yellowish tinge, and again it was on
Ray's diagnosis that the season was de-
cided to be ended.

As he tasted it one morning he made a
face and said, "Buddy sap." It had a
peculiar flavor and a peculiar odor.

"It don't do no good to keep on a day
later than when you get buddy sap. Be-
sides it spoils your trees," was Ray's ex-
planation. "If you notice, on some of the
branches buds are beginning to grow full."

So the buckets were brought in and to-
gether with the spouts boiled and dried.
The evaporator was cleaned out with
vinegar and the little shack closed up to
wait for another season.

Some of the sirup was boiled in a great
wash boiler over the kitchen stove as Ray
had decided, and made into cakes and those
with a shining row of sirup cans stowed
away for the delectation of others
throughout the year.

I made another visit to the bush with
Ray a few weeks later and this time we
cleared out some birch and oak that
seemed crowding on the maple.

"The best sugar bush needs some care,"
Ray opined, "but it is worth it. You see
we make quite a bit on a stand like this
with about five hundred trees. The work
is fun and it comes when we've got nothin'
else to do. And we couldn't use this land
for nothin' else save pasturing and we've
got enough of that. I only have to keep
other sorts from crowdin' in. You get
more sap from a straight tree that ain't
crowded. Seems as though the trees that
have the best spreadin' crown give the
most sap. But then again the ground
ought to be shady and well covered with
a litter of leaves so it don't dry out in
summer. That's why I don't let the cattle
graze here. You see the maples don't root
deep and much of the nourishment comes
near the surface. We've got it about right
here 'cause on the south side of the slope
we get an earlier start than most of the
bushes and when we are through there we
can work on the north side. That starts
later. The trees are good first growth,
too, and uncrowded. Why from some big
trees here we may get as much as forty
gallons, although on the average it's less.
You see that makes from about a pint to
a gallon of sirup to a tree. Rather a tidy
little item that just comes if you are a bit
careful. But I don't care what it nets, it's
an awful lot of fun. When a man's been
locked up in a cow barn most all winter
or settin' round a stove, seems like this
sugarin' was a sort of ritual celebratin'
spring and meanin' you was to be purified
into a real man 'stead of a bunch o'
clothes."

And if a countryman can feel like that
about it you may imagine the effect that
the spring run has upon the man fresh
from the city. The first coming of spring
is an experience well worth having ; indeed
one has not entirely lived until it has been
enjoyed. The sap run in the sugar bush
typifies the whole experience, if for that
alone it is worth while.

In writing to advertisers please mention HOUSE AND GARDES.

Nothing adds greater beauty to
a house than a tastefully-ar-
ranged garden and nothing de-
tracts more from the appearance
of a garden than the barren spots
where seeds " refused " to grow.

It is not always poor soil or im-
proper care that makes these blotches;
but very often inferior seeds are to
blame. Planting poor seeds in a garden
always has that air of dubiousness
perhaps they may grow, and then again
perhaps they may not.

Why not make a good garden a
certainty by using Good Seeds ?

"The Most Reliable Seeds"

for over a century since the days of
Washington and Jefferson have been
renowned for their uniform purity
and fertility.

We have extensive trial grounds in Con-
necticut and Long Island, as well as in France,
and no effort is spared that might possibly
lead to the betterment of our seeds.

Our catalog contains a most complete
list o