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Familiar  in  their  Mouthi  as  HOUSEHOLD  IFORDS. "—Siu»««r«*mi, 


HOUSEHOLD    WORDS. 


9  BHreftlu  Sountal. 


CONDUCTED  BT 


CHARLES    DICKENS. 


VOLUME  II. 

From  twe  2dTH  or  Skft£MB£ji  to  thx  22kd  of  Marob. 
Bfingfrom  No,  27  to  No,  52. 


LONDON: 
OFFICE,  16,  WELLINGTON  STREET  NORTH. 

185L 


LOVDoa: 
v&AOBUBT  AMD  BTin,  PBnrmi»  wairsnuAiu. 


STANraUD  UNIVERSITY 
LIBRARIES 
STACKS 

MAY  2  5  1971 


1/,  5- 


t-iF'-ia 


CONTENTS 


Ac«9CQp«ite 

477 

AbUloln  of TvU 

KV4 

A«lventttir»  «  ^-4 

UH 

Advttfttunai  «f  ft  Tramlftdon 

,      flC 

Advertise  iiM  nt»  (Ocmnanj 

33 

Ai.                       Jc,  A  Story  of 

.       4fi 

A                         .CoRillUouof 

.    562 

A-                    .mjU 

,    file 

Au^M-Joti^  of  ih*  Iruh  Foot  L«w 

,      M 

AtlUtiC  WftTM       , 

,    a 

Back  Sb««t  ConcvrvKtoHui     .    .    S71 
Banm  f<f  Repf  and  tbe  Marauts  of 

V. ass 

p  •.•«&•  .   .  $iia 

B^                     ^  rtiue  of  .        .903 

IWr.  ._> ..sjrygf    .        .  .    .    #8 

B«1cu(ii,  Story  of  •        .  .        .MO 

Bill^»»llnir  ^vnttm,  TIm*  .    .    806 

C-  t     '  .    Wl 

It  .    420 

'■  '  Snu   ,     fifOd 

u.--.  ...i.  ,.■-" ..,....,.^sas,sa5 

Ucilcftr,  Ji'lrn^  Two  gcfocn  iu  tb« 
Llfcyf    .        .  .    .    -ISI 

,..,.,,.,  In  j,,;,^  atdand       81 
\  i<!ir  of  the  Ijut 

■  '■'■■'f'ii«         .   .  ass 


unm|j,  »t  Unnleti 
Ln,  A  CrUU  in  Ibe 

1^     *        "   .    '   ,    i 
f.lly      . 
Kilign,  on  Our  N»- 
Bgaliut  Edooft- 


B13 
183 

408 

199 


318 


CAuromicu,  i^Tbe  Irith)  .  ,348 

Callforniiw  A  ibort  Cut  to  .  .597 
CAllfoniiiv    A    WoiiMiii*    £xpQ^ 

rlence  In  .....  400 
C«Bibxidg«>  DegTM  CNif  at  .  .  4dl 
CamMdgsi,  The  PmbmMi't  Prok 

<t«fli  ftc leo 

Cape  Cout  Ciwso  .       .        .       .    m 
CftM    Colony.     Prior   of  Land, 
Stoeis  Cftttle;  Advioo  U>  Fu^ 
man  and  BetHen  .  .    .    IM 

Okje  of  Good  Hopa^  htm  w«  v«nt 

*iiaWinro«:  ,      .      .     Be 

Capa  Sk«teb«  ...  llfl,  106 
CarUnjrtoD  U^hUieafe .  .  .  377 
Casa  del  Mattl,  Count  VtmaCa 

VWtto Ul 

Market  at  fo(»f   .       .    .    S5& 
lAncfte*    .  .610 

icenr^  Tb«  If  artyn  o/      .  SSO,  499 
I'a  BictotT  of  Encbuad       410, 694 
Cbtmy try  la  EofUad  .  .616 

CbamlaliyofanatorBMr     .    .    498 
Obtpa,   M,  148.  l«a,  1«»  f  10,  275,  333, 
4i8,  IfiO,  475,  491.  64.i  67S,  Wft 
ChHitiiias  among  tite  LoDdou  Poor 

«n4  Slrk  .....  304 
ChriiitniA^  In  tli«  Ituih  .    .    908 

CUriatmju  la  the  Frosen  HefHouM  308 
Cbri«tmas  \n  lodia 

Chsinifoaa  In  Lod^tiv  -j% 

to  Muaieh  .^Oii 


CkHttioaii  tn  Uie  Nary     . 

Chrtattnas  Pudding 

Ctirifltmai  Tree 

Cbarch  Festival  at  Munlcli  - 

Charchynrd,  Tbu  Sca^dii 

Cionamof]  Garrtcn 

dergymaa  in  Dli^ciim*^  (X  Titk<; 

r  .'ou         .        .        .    - 

r  inn,  Acroinit  rif  » 

<  -ioiiJ<,A  Kt-'inedr  fr>r 

t'oill*rn"    HjikwloiiA,    Tbe    Tnio 

BcioedT  for 

College  of  Siir^vune,   Htnitertai) 

If  nariink  At 

Cooeert  uml  Flny  nl  Mtmieh 
Cooeartei^  Tbrr  Mflit»trr  Promenado 
Cortfldcnt  IVcdktlM)  .        .     , 

Coinaerv«(<>r{#«,  llact  StnS't . 
Coral    Ficbcry    In  tbo    MMitor- 


Cow  wltb  tbe  IroD  Tail 
Cnullea   .        .        , 

>  Viay-iiotiV 

I  I  tc  call  do 


bUaib  iu  IIm!  lifVUtl  UlUikl't 

l>aath  In  the  SuK'ir-plutn 

Daath  In  tbe  Tcflinit  . 

D«aUi  of  a  TK^bltii  . 

DceetnWr  VUimi 

tlegTe«  Day  at  Cambrldgv    . 

D«al{ni,  The  Feinala  School  uf 

Despair.  l^fTort^  ef  a  Q«Qtleiuan  In 

Search  of     ...        . 
tirvonuhlrc  DorJid.' 
DIrinlnff  Crystidji  . 
CKicks  Tbe  l^iiiUoit 
Dodora,  A  Great  Day  fur  Llic 
Doom  of  KngUsib  WilU    I,  £&.  13&, 

Draatttt 

of  WitneBBoa  and  J  nrymco 


rtaa 

300 

see 

1S8 
2&7 

M8 
6116 
246 
a6S 
247 
n:a 

4S7 

877 
188 

4fl& 
871 

ST9 
146 
JIJ6 
640 
1H8 
172 
022 


t4«» 


J  I'j 
4S6 

arr 

3116 

aoo 

401 
677 

BAO 

202 
2B3 
SM 
137 
1S7, 

SfSS 
100 


EDDTtTtiuni    LlebtbooM,    fioea- 

(on'a  ){arrative  of  .                .    .  878 
Education,  Our  National  Defeoeea 

afalnftt 813 

Eduratiou,  PIfib-iHddkcumb    ,    .  479 

Electric  TrlpRmpti         ...  841 

Enwrrpenclea,  lltnta  on      .        .    .  47 
jjHAucia,  Urc  In  an     .       180. 810,  233 


FicmaT,  Pood  for  tbe  .       ,       .    8«5 

Fair  at  Munich 635 

Faiber  ijnbriel;  or,  Tbe  Fortunca 

ofaFurtner         .        ,        .         €7«  85 

Father  Thanj«B 446 

Femala  S*booJ  of  I>eaign  ,  .  677 
P»tlval  of  the  Church  at  Hunkh  ISO 
Fine  Ear,  Story  of     .        .  .863 

Rnl  of  October  ....  187 
Ftod  iSor  tbe  Factory  ... 

Freshman's  Pins»Bs  at  th«  Unt- 

TW»iliea       ....  IfiT 

Froien  Riglona,  C\»rt*tin»a  ^n  ^^    Vltt 


Galvaxig    Battery,     Crooodilea 

kUledbya 64A 

aamsl,TU  other  (A  Tula)    .       .  88| 

deniuit  and  Liberty  .       .           .  li 

Gentleman  in  Seardi  nf  Detpnd'  .  880 

German  AdviTtitcnivnl*        .        .  38 

tiomian  Picture  of  lti«  Scotch  .  .  71 
Gbont    that   appeared     to    Mrt. 

Wharton laa 

G\ovKDu\  Bttlxoui,  Story  of       ,     ,  540 

Giro  WiMly(Au  Anecdote)  .  117 
GlaM  Palace,  Private  Uiatof}'  'f 

the SSS 

r,u^    W^rki,    A    VUli    ♦n   rff« 

VlAla                               .  4fla 

r?coftb.  fit 

ML.'fn      ,  vSJ 

t..r,,i                          -re,  Tl«  51 

GokhI  1  v  Sttiry  of  the 

\(r\<                            .                 .     .  48 

GoikHtp  uixui  i>i  u<:>«i«     ,  .  .48 

Uottfrlett  KInltcl  (A  Llftf*  la  Tlir^'o 

Pieturm)      .....  ISJ 

Grand  Ajnetnblr  at  Mtinlcb          .  156 

Great  Day  for  the  Doctor*  117 

GuUd  Clerlt  »  Tal«  1.17 

Uunpowdtir  and  (Jhalk      .  00 


IfKAKT-vf.T^.I.M   Mi.i.1l..t,-,n       .          .  SIS 

Mv  ,  -,.  —  ,■                  :        .    .  ,00 
hV*  ao,ri34 

!:■     pi„U,^L ::...-,  S,  Vi»lt 

i»         ......  458 

UouBchold    Worda  and    Eu{;lUJi 

WUla 181 

Hov  wo  went  Wbaliag  off  die 

Cape  of  Good  Itope    .       .       .  G8 

How  to  be  Idolised    .       .        .    .  4A6 

Htmtorlan  MuBBum                        .  STT 


Ijfcn  Capo,  or  Dell-Rock  Li^bt* 

botiso       ..,.-.  377 

IftOla,  ChristntBA  In        .               .  .106 
Indian  Kailniada  and  Driti«h  C'nni- 

merce       ......  680 

tovaaion  Invited    ....  476 

Irish  Califonila                        .    .  848 

Iri«b  Poor  Law,  Aneedote  of  94 

Iriah  Butloner        ....  89 

Irtah  Dte  of  tbe  Globe     .           .  At 


Janu  the  Flrat.  SpMch  by  .    M3 

Judc^  Not .       .       .       .       .    .    481 


K»a  of  the  BtU-Sti«kan,  The 


Lajtd,  Ho  I  port  Jarksro          .    .  978 

Laat  WordB  of  tbu  Old  Vear        .  888 

Law.  The 4OT 

Letters  of  Introduction  to  Sidney  187 
Life  in  an  Estancia       .     190,  vrlO,  8SS 

Life  in  a  Saladero      .               .    .  4lr 

Life  of  Giorannl  Belaoni               .  618 
USo  of  John  Bods«r,  Two  SqentiJi 

In  the      .       .        .        ...  484 

Light  HooBtf  and  Light  Boats     .  1^73 

LlT^ljTurtlo          ....  98 

Lodginss,  Wh^  people  Let  them 
Lod^ing;!it  Cbrutmaa  tn    . 
\.  \jon&vik  IM^A 


i 


I 


Iv 


CONTENl'S, 


Undon  tIo«plUl,  VIrtt  to  H 

L-m.lMn  Milk   . 


MurtyTB  or  LUiAftrtPiy  .   SflO,  4U» 

MHllormiicikn,  ComI  Fl»tMrx  In 


til 


M' 


1  Hon. 


I'll.-  Tvruiil  of 


979 
Birth*"      ttW 

.  .  flir 

miim       .     PO 
rr^sm,  mt,  497.  4BI 

KrinV  .      .  fisa 


Ken  Ye . 

Mioamh  Bull  . 

North  ForelamJ  l.fi:;l.thou3*i 


rV4A 

U'J,  1»» 
.     4f» 
.173 


O*  .    >    MM 

Ou,  ;... .,,.,,       .       .     400, »1Q 

0<<i»rij,  1  be  FraiuDan's  Pnt^rcw 
M.  WO 


Palacs  of  GUis,  PrtT»t*  Illtl«r7 

ofthp  

PuJermo,  LmiftttoAMluBi}*  .  . 
P»ri«,  SliiuRhiOT  BooaM  mod 
Cuttle  Mvkvts  ,  .  .  « 
Parliuacnt,  Tlia  Opmlniref 
Pnuint,  A  Vmr  Mui'i  Talttof  «  , 
P«>niMiuu»htp,  H,  Van  t)atm.  An  . 
P«D-Mfflrfft,  Tbo  W«U  oif  (A  TftJo) 
Ffntiv  Rir»»*1  ... 

Pt.'  ■■■  '    '      |..MTi,iie« . 

Pi  il  In  L>nilgli 

.  (ijr,  IrntUid 
r  4II  Muiiioh 


Pi  ,Ii(»»«r.fii 

PI,  (._.. .!._.. 

PI. 

P 

Po. , ■  ;<.,;.  , 

Vtar  anil  Smk,  Ctkmunu  aimnnff 

tl» 

Pfuitiii..  nni.  .... 

P  nAdent    .       .    . 

Pr  shMp,  uA  CatUa 

i.i  ...,-.    ,      ..uj-  .  ,     , 

PrUott  Am"ct(ote  .... 
Prlrntfl  History  of  the  Palom  of 

illMii 

n«di«Al.Tbc  Ho4«ni(ATtl«)  . 
Prot*ct«l  CrmdlM  .... 
PuUk  11*11  at  Hanldi 


Qt'irKM'g  Bauar.  Tho  «    , 

ijuMiu'*  S];»MCU  OB  OfK'uIng  l'*f- 

Qii««n'«  Tobftcc/>  Pi;'. 

V  T.,4lan;  and   lliU(«b 

J:    ..       ,   .  ..:k:c«      '.*.*,! 
KuiUnv  VVAifs  and  8trays   . 
ICanford'ii    (.li4n,t     Ktw     Year** 

Rat* 

R«4  TafM    , 

ll-k;l'.ir,<r-r;,n.  ml.  A  VUU  to  ttwi 

I''  '   I'     . 

'  rsoflh* 

'  I  i(a  P«ather 

l-'k.v.:r. 

Jtayal  :^|i«m^Ii  by  .lamaatlHi  Pint 
tOtaxian  JpAticc,  8t>«ttin«a  of 

Saii^om'  ttunie 
i«kderr>,  LIfv  In  a 
MlOrowl      ,       ,       .       .       . 
BalMMl  of  ttttftlan,  tlw  Fottiata   .    . 
ai«4bnt,   81r   >^%leDtln«  SAltear** 
VUU to    .        ,        .         .        .     . 
Soa-Slda  ChDtvhyahl 
rfen.  'rf''rt*iiii.-n  .if  tl,4i, 

-Tftphyftf      . 
Kojral  Navy  . 

intxIitetloH  to 


*t«iM  LlglkthoaM 
amthltald  Market     .       .       .    . 
telUiileia  of  Paria 
Bndthflelil,  a  Model  of  tba  Uod«l 

dntUUfivM       ,        .        .        .    . 
Aw  of, 
I*  tluib^ndry  ... 

ch  bv  JartKH  flie  Flmt    , 
Spoedi,  I'lie  Qutwu* 
S]»wlmen  »f  ItuuUn  .Iiiisti^ 
|pM«ra'  Hilk 
9tw«tflflTaj»liy 
8uhieri(itlMA  Mot 
fltibuTban  CoimeiuaMi 
0tilnirliau  Horoanoa  .       , 
Snnitny     Qiicxtlail     la    tba    L«jt 

L'ontiiry        .... 


6«0 

810 

3»> 
S14 
47 

MS 
164 


»T12 
UT 
&«« 
a77 

ftO 
S67 

M 

ii07 

ur 

919 


Tji  pk,  K#d 

Tin  Krlllr.  I'Im-  VIrat«rH«i  of  a 


'i  ::<rM'iOetty    . 

Tlwtp  r..r  All  TMMHff  .     . 

T.'l' '-•.•■■  ]'\i".  The  VjuiH-ir*   . 

M^n  in   DIflleiUllM" 

Kin  Dgtithanfe 
TiUiiilurljii,  AdTtniturTj  of  a   .    . 
Trvaiitirtya  of  th«i  Dc«p|» 
Turtk'         ,,.... 
TviMily-four  Hour*  fu  a  Ivcmdoa 

ll'Mptta) 

Twn  Scmina  In  Uw  Ufe  of  Joba 

UadKtur 

Tyrant  nf  Hinnlglnm&gen        .    . 


tJjriviasiTt  tlducaUoo 
Unlvsnl^  Oml^tan  aiul   Coo- 


«7 
179 

trr 
Tin 

449 

6ia 


007 
«9 


VAa  PliKic  (Mr/i  on  Punnianvhlp  , 


11 
M 


W«onoair,  |,l»u(enanl«  and    liti 

Widow  ,     ,     :          . 

Wall*rr>  fMf.1     rtfurnioti,     tn 

Curl  ,,„] 

Wilili  .,1  ■;  A   mil',' 

Wall 

Wall  A  Talel      19,  ■ 

^'-"  Urqtils  of,  and 


WUI 


*7tM-,tt  that 
-lido  if 


^  *^' 

Wlti)OJi«^«    and    .JofTuvin,    Tlw 

Dutlc"  i-'f  .        .    .    K 

W«Qjan'*  Kitwriunrc  In  CallATmla 
W<M»da,  Tlui  W»aJtJt  nf  , 

SAraaaru^rK,  Th«  Mcrv  2««liui4 

(ATaJe)     .        .  W,  IM^ 

Zaolo||:t«a]  8<«»1oDfl    . 


PO£MS. 


Avne    . 

w« 

Y^f^\vix  Cl^n^ 

n               ... 

47T 

r- 

V.W. 

f4»ft 

^ 

-4ri 

\  Legend) 

'    277 

,.itl.-,r.« 

M% 

\\v  FTlMirti  Povrttf 


Lir.rrH  nm   ill    I'lllflT  licO 

ns 

M.inory,A     .... 

M«try" 

44 

Mother-a  tm% 

<il 

Kvw  Ymi**  Kw 

321 

Oiitea^tUdT. 
Peaoa  and  War 

4AJ 

Bnithfleld  BtiU  and  Itia  €cm*i«  of 

St.  Vdaaela*     . 
Tbamaa  Harlo^rr 
TvoBlMkUfda 
Tw^o  Tppea 
Waal*  of  War    . 
W»vrDimr.||  Towa 
^  Wla 


lAi 


FamtltAr  in  tJmr  Mouthi  as  HOUSEHOLD  WORDS  "^BB^MMMr^nm. 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 

A    WEEKLY    JOURNAL 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


270 


SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBEB  28,  1850. 


CPlMCB  2d, 


THE  DOOM  OF  ENGLISH  WILLS. 

Theeb  9ur«i  Tcvr  Urm>;:s   Id  this  beautiful 

itrv  'if  Eriifland,  more  picturesque  to  the 

b]o  to  the  tVuic^,  than  an  old 

,    Seen  in  UiL*  djstanc€,  rising 

aiiiLiig   t:orn-lk'ld»,  l^msturea,  orchards, 

IciiH,    wcjoJIr,   the   river,    the   hridye,   the 

'":''■    '^         :'iia  of 

.Iral 

riut-er  wiu»l  ;iDti  summer  sun,  tower^  like  a 
historical  |»re4i<.niee,   above   the  city, 
to  the    i-uilest   mind  associations 
t    Tnth    the    dusky   Paat.     On  a 
r  Hpj)r(>a<jli,  tliia  interest  ia  heigiht^jDed. 
lh    the  buUtUng,  by  the  long  pei'^>ec- 
of  [iillju"s  and   arches ;    by  the  earthy 
pr€',iehiijg  more  eloquently  than  deans 
t  of    the   common  doom ;    by 

t>v  ires  of  knightd  and  kdies  on 

i:.*i     1-11^^  genei-ations 
d  LO-ound  them ; 

.  j^...  ^.    ..^..   .. ,,  softening  and 
^  the  light;  by  the  0i\kon  car\iiigs 
it  sUllfl,  where  the  shorn   rnonk.s  told 
■  bcfuJ«  ;  by  the  battere<l  effigies  of  arcb- 
>p9  .tnd   bi»hop«,  found  built  up  in  the 
lie  World  had  Ijeeii  unconscious, 
f  their  bhmt  stone  noses ;  by 
k ;    the    crypt, 
in  long  gle&ma 
iL  limii  lUL-  ^  ii'iat'irs  where  the 
il  where  the  ivy,  bred  among  the 
li  -    twines   about  theb-  graves  ; 
f  the  bells,  high  up  in  the 
b^'  the  universal  gravity,  mys- 
li^-cay,  and  Silence.    Without,  by  the  old 
liufj  Cnthedrrvl-cloBe,  with  its  ivd-briek 
arn-l  '"-US  ;  by  the  same  stained 

so  <  lit  side  though  so  bright 

by  \h>i  p'lvement  of  haljt-ohliterated 
ones ;  by  the  long  echoes  of  the  Tisi- 
)otfite[i3  ;  V  ♦  I  "  ■  rlcet  gate,  that  seems 
,  the  iivo.  out  of  that  retire- 

liv  til.-  .1.1  jackdaws  that 

il'  Tcvices,  where 

reminds  them, 
of  the  wiiid  niuuiig  the  boughs  of 
_  )ftj'  tree«;  by  the  ancient  scrajw  of  palace 
axidl  gateway ;  by  tho  ivy  agam,  that  has 
grown  to  be  so  thick  and  atron^  ;  by  the  o«.k, 
uunous  in  all  that  part,  which  hi»  struck  ita 


mighty  root  through  the  Bishop^s  wall;  by 
the  Cathedral  organ,  whose  souna  6Us  all  tbafc 
space,  and  all  the  spa^  it  opens  in  the  channetl 
imagination. 

T^ere  may  be  flaws  in  this  whole,  if  it  lie 
eikamined,  too  closely.  It  may  not  bt«  improved 
by  the  contemplation  of  the  shivering  choria- 
ters  on  a  ^int^r  morning,  huddling  on  their 
gowns  na  they  drowsily  go  to  scamper  thr«Migh 
their  work  ;  by  the  drawling  voice,  without  a 
heai%,  that  drearily  pursues  the  dull  iijutine ', 
by  the  avaiicious  fuuctiouary  who  lays  aaida 
the  silver  mace  to  take  the  silver  pieces;  and 
who  races  through  the  Show  aa  if  he  were  the 
hero  of  a  sporting  wager.  Some  uncomfort- 
able doubts  may,  under  special  circvimstancea, 
obtrude  themselves,  of  the  practical  (."hriatian- 
ity  of  the  head  of  some  particular  Foundation. 
He  may  be  a  brawler,  or  a  proud  man,  or  a 
sleek,  or  an  artful.  He  may  1)C  usually 
silent,  in  the  House  of  Lords  when  a  Christian 
minister  should  s[»eak,  and  may  make  a  point 
of  £Ej>eaking  when  he  should  W  silent.  He 
may  even  be  oblivious  of  the  tnith  ;  a  stickler 
by  the  letter,  not  the  spirit,  for  his  own  pur- 
poses ;  a  pettifogger  in  the  supreme  court  of 
God's  hign  law,  as  there  are  pettifoggers  in  the 
lower  cottiti*  administering  the  Law»  of  mor- 
tal man.  Disturbing  reooUectious  may  ariae, 
of  a  few  isolated  canes  here  and  there,  where 
country  curates  with  small  incomes  and  large 
families,  poor  gentlemen  and  .scholars,  are 
condemned  to  work,  like  blind  hoi*3es  in  a 
mill,  while  others  who  do  not  work  get  tlu-ir 
rightful  pay  ;  or  of  the  inconsistency  ami  iu<ii*- 
corum  ol  the  Church  l>eing  made  a  Bol>e  and 
Candlestick  question,  while  so  many  sluning 
h^hts  are  hidden  uuder  bushels,  ;md  so  many 
black-cloth  coat«  are  threadbai'e.  The  que»- 
tion  may  present  iteeif,  by  remote  chance, 
whether  some  shovel-hats  be  not  made  too 
much  on  tho  model  of  the  banker's  shovel  with 
which  the  cold  ia  gathered  on  the  counter, 
and  too  Httle  in  remembrance  of  that  other 
kind  of  shovel  that  renders  wishes  imto  ashes, 
and  dust  to  dust.  But,  on  the  whole,  the  visi- 
tor will  probably  bo  content  to  say,  *'  the  time 
was,  and  this  old  Cathetlral  saw  it,  when  these 
things  w^ere  infinitely  worse ;  they  will  be 
better ;  I  will  do  all  honour  to  the  cood  that 
is  iu  them,  (which  is  much)  and  1  wiTl  do  what 
in  me  lies  for  the  speedier  amendment  uf  tho 
bod," 


ia£.iL 


Tl 


> 


I 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


[Of  wittct*"!  %r 


sre  in  Cistictioud  gla3s-c.'Uio  unk^r.  After 
<lo(l^nc^  the  rain-dropa  wliich  HUter  throwirlj 

tlie  ceilmg,dowTi  ntM '  i-      Icrujiitij  unctions 

of  llie  Jeatl,  ^fn  \<  ihle  to  exaiuiiie 

one  or  two  bnodJc^  mul  rot  ure  »o 

omiiiuotoiit  m  this  dam])  deiwaitory,  that 
the  shelves  liHve,  in  aome  ulaci^a,  broken  and 
cnitnliletl  away.  A  inonieut's  comjm.rison 
K^twi'tMi  tbe  relative  powtTS  of  w'oo<l  and 
pftpcr,  in  l•e3islIn^f  water,  will  give  a  vivid 
idea  of  the  comlitvon  of  the  willa  in  thm  Arch- 
diiiconal  ahoWfr-bath.  Tbe  corners  of  most 
of  tbu  i>llea  Mve  ns  thoroughly  iwindctl  oflT,  as  if 
II  popiuoiia  (Xtlony  of  water  rats  ^the  DnlJnary 
gpecies  could  liot  have  exLstoil  there)  had 
been  dining  otT  them  since  the  days  of  King 
Stephen,  Othera  are  teatanientary  agglo- 
merfttionj*,  8odden«>d  into  pulp, — totallyule- 
gible  and  inseparable ;  hiiTing  been  ctmverted 
by  AgUi  much  rain,  and  inordinate  neglect,  into 
pcnt-mortetn  jmpier  iurich6. 

All  these,  are  origiiixd  wills  :  no  9uch  copies 
of  them — which  Iiegifltrai*8iire  enjoined  to  pro- 
vide— haviuj^  been  made  by  the  profleceiisors 


ZOOLOGICAL  SESSIONS. 
(exclusive.) 

A  PRoDioiotJs  number  of  complaiuU  and 
other  noisetJ  at  unseasonable  houry.  fi' >iu  Ibfit 
Lai^e  class  of  our  feUow-creature^  1 1 

so  erroneouHly  cai  led  •'  d  u  mb  "  an  s  r 
seriously  dlsturbe<l  the  haM'  r 

an  d  {Mjaceful  con  ten  t  of  tbe  Z<  s 

in  the  Rogent^s  Park,  during  the  :  r 

two,  the  Secretar}',  Mr,  Mitchell,  c  t 

neoessary  to  iu^iuit^  a  close  iuqun  y  nU'^  liie 
cause.  He  waa  not  long  in  discovering  this. 
Some  of  the  "  dumb  "  ci-catuttis  did  not  at  all 
mince  the  matter  with  him,  but  spoke  out 
boldly  at  once. 

The  compbints  and  di«titrljance«  took  the 
usual  form  of  growla,  i-oars,  Ikellowing*,  bark- 
ings, chatteringB,  ginmtings,  gnaahes,  squeaks^ 
hooting^  hiafleg,  yells,  screania  and  aqaawka  ; 
but  each  and  all  of  them  had  direct  reference 
to  the  same  Bpecial  cause  of  grievtmco.  Tlie 
nature  and  tendency  of  tlus  having  been  ascer- 
tained, Mr,  Mitchell,  not  being  aliloto  renieiiy 


of  the  preaent  pluralist.     In  order  tliat  tbe  |  tbe  alleged  evil,  saw  no  alternali 
durability  of  parchment  should  be  of  no  avail  i  venc  an  extraoitlinary  meeting  i«f  t 


}^.<*  t. 


in  am^stLng  the  most  complete  doatnietion 
within  the  scoj^e  of  jwssibiUty,  it  is  the  abeep- 
hkin  testamenta  of  thiB  collection  that  are 
regularly  shredded  to  bind  up  the  modern 
wills  rniiged  in  books  below. 

The  very  sight  of  this  place,  shows  the 
futility  of  an^^thing  like  reacjirch.  Mr. Wallace 
e.iauiiiieB  a  i"ew  of  tbe  documentf?,  only  to  aee 
theii"  extreme  liidtoric;d  aa  well  as  local  im- 
portance ;  turna  away ;  and  deacemk  the 
stall's. 

"  Thu-s  then,"  sayH  Mr.  Williivm  AValhice 
solemnly,  ad  he  ttdtes  a  narting  hnjik  at  the 
ancient  Gate-liomie,  "ai-e  documents,  involving 
the   |>ei'»onid    and    leal    projierty  of  8even 


of  the  CJouneil  to  a  8|»eciAl  Court  ol  i  > 

be  held  in  the  Oaitlens,  with  a  view  to  giving  a 
full  and  d!^prL«aiouiite  hearing  to  the  cauaca  of 
dift  and  Cfimplaiot  from  the  ilifTe- 

leu  >   inhabiting    the    Oarilenn,   or 

thoisc  ikpiittd  to  ap[ie;ir  profesaionally  in 
their  behoof. 

The  day  being  fixed,  and  eight  o'clock  in 
the  moming  name*)  aa  tlie  hour  mrtst  suitable, 
because  no  visitors  are  a-ibviitted  till  nine,  the 
Members  of  the  Council  duly  re|>airetl  to  the 
Zoological  Ganlens,  aiid  entei-ing  the  mar- 
quee erected  fur  the  ocoaaion,  in  the  encloaur*!i 
of  the  Eleph.nnt*a  house,  to<jk  their  »eat-B  in 
regular  form.     Lon!  Bcimbleby  h*il  aliiwly 


Engb.ib  Counties;,  allowed  to  crumble  to  de-  arrivetl,  and  was  unanimously  voted  into  thi 
btnictiou ;  thus,  ia  ruin  brought  on  families  chair,  in  virtue  of  his  T)OFition  aa  a  innii  of 
by  nei^'dieaa  litigation  ;  thus,  do  Registrars  I  science,  no  leAi  than  in  deference  t<:>  his  great 
roll  in  carriages,  and  Proctors  grow  rich ;  I  legal  knowle<lge  and  exj>erioiice.  Professor 
thuy,  are  the  nistorieal  records  of  the  gi*eat  <  ^wen,  by  the  exrjrciia  wish,  it  wa3  underatood, 
English  nation  doomed — ^l>y  an  oflicer  whom  i  of  His  Royjd  Highue*t8  Prince  Albert^  a)t- 
tho  nation  pays  the  income  of  a  prince  to  Ive)  tended  to  take  note*  for  cert-iun  learned  ao- 


their  conaer\'ator — to  rottenne^,  mildew,  and 
diwt" 

Mr,  Walhwe  having  added  nothing  to  the 
object  Of  his  pursuits  and  Imjulnen, m  the  Re- 
gistry of  thia  Cathedral  numuer  one,  deiiart«^ 
at  ov  ze  for  Catheihral  nuud>er  two.  How  lie 
fjuvd  there,  the  reader  ahidl  soon  learn. 


GENTLE  WORDS. 

Usi  geutlo  words,  for  who  can  tell 

The  blesainge  they  impart ! 
How  oft  they  full  (as  manna  fell) 

On  some  nigh-fainting  heart ! 

lu  lonely  wilds  by  light-wiugVl  birds 
Itiirc  t;ceds  have  oft  boon  sown ; 

Aitd  hope  has  tpnmg  from  gentle  words, 
VVlicn!  only  griofs  had  groMii« 


eietiea  in  Paris  ami  Lerlin.  We  also  observed 
Mr.  Justice  Bi*oderip  of  Wcstminater,  author 
of  "Zoological  Re*ei*rcbe8/*  in  company  with 
Mr.  Yarrell,  aiid  ch^ee  to  them  Miv  llioraaa 
Bell,  on  the  part  of  the  Royal  Societj^, 
Jind   Mr.  John   K^l  '  y*    head    natu- 

ndiat   uf   the  hiei  Lament   of  the 

IVitltih  Mnscimu  m-  mitoi^  of  idl  the 
chief  jounuds  of  natural  hititory  noun  after 
enteretl,  together  with  Mr.  15«.lwin  Landseer, 
and  several  other  artists  of  emiuenc*.*,  among 
whom  were  Doyle  and  Wolf,  as  uinttcr  of 
course.  In  company  with  these  we  ;di»o  no* 
ticeti  Mr.  Van  Voorst,  and  Messrs.  Reeve, 
I^nham,  and  Reeve,  who  idl  took  their  seata 
with  very  grave  countenances.  We  should 
not  forget  to  mention  that  Mr,  Poot,  the 
great  pigeon- fancier,  was  present,  e\ideiitly  ia 
a  aomewhat  perplexed  state  of  mind  m  con* 


Hlrkr»»-.. 


ZOOLOGICAL  SESSIONS. 


PM^ucDoe  of  tbe  eighteeTj-j>ent)y  veal^and'liAm 

nw.  Iir  }>M.]  1,,  .1   l.t  in  the  littJe  aide  pocket  of 

,  for  limcli€on,  onusing  a 

uberaiice  in  his  oiitUue  on 

aiiie.  ^  '.'  no  means  oinit  to  record 

itd  this  i  tightifnetl  aud  completed 

the  ArrivyJ  uf  a  number  of  ladieii  of  high 

in  elegant   moming  dresses ;    ftmoug 

ilie  DowMper  Dnchess  of 

r  tw*o  charming  niaceei^ 

*'Xii'»v^   l."^"^':>l^-.^^  i  filtfo  the  Coimte«3  of 

'owtw^court,  and  Lady  Forester,  who  Bup- 

rw.i-K.l  <.5,  1m  t    irni  the  graceful  figure  of  the 

Lrocjuvt,   wliose    husband 

'  in  a  Bkirmiwh  with  the 

Lk  1  row  opened  the  procee4- 

ig»  h\   i'^i^Uii^-iting  the  ladies  who  hjul  jiint 

itcretl,  to  settle  theuiselvea  na  quickly  luid 

I H  possible,  beeauiie  he  ex l>ect€Hil 

[J-  end,  the    Chevalier    Bunsen, 

i\    PI.  -iLn    arrive.      His  Ixtnlshm   then 

piadled   Jipon  the  Secretary*,  'Mr.  Miteneli,  to 

f'>rward  the  dilfereut  plaint Ife  in  suc- 

ftnt  personage  who  presented  himself, 

•  it.  Tlie  Seci*etary  informed  tlie 

preferejice  had  been  ahown, 

iQ    courtesy  to    the  Elephant,  on 

li&ins  they  wei-e  now  eucroaching, 

lor   his   eminent  sagacity,  and  tlie 

")iirnty  of  hia  manners  to  all  who 

%ith  iiim.    The  two  head  keepera 

suTt?d  him  tha,t  the  lion  was  too  mag- 

lous  to  feel  any  offence  at  it. 

The  El*'|ihaut  atlvanced  with  his  usual  cau- 

^ona  steps,  hia  eyes  being  alternately  cast  on 

nun«l  immefliately  l>efore  his  broad  toea, 

'tiien  taking  a  qiiiet  look  at  the  faces  of 

comjAfuiy  assembleiL      He    now    alowly 

miseKl  hi*  tnink  over  tht?ir  heads,  and  made 

lus  grand  mliiom. 

It  "WM  not,  he  said,  without  eonsiderable 
T>-'""*"""'^  thdt  he  enme  forward  to  make  a 
nf  !UiytH.Mly  in  the  Gnrilens — espe- 
< :  -^  >ji«^  fi'i   eminent  for  amiability  and 

originality  5  j  i  ;•  ter,  as  the  porHoxiage  con- 
ceruing  wh  mu  i  tir^e  complaints  had  arisen. 
If  he  ha<l  l»een  obliged  to  rej>ort  his  own 
keeper  for  inattention,  or  vraul  of  respect, 
would  have  cost  him  much  ^ain  ;  but  no 
rorda  couJd  describe  hi*  discomlort  at  finding 
'  ^'l^ed  to  appear  in  that  Court  aa 
i^oxeeman  of  a  eerioud  complaint 
LL  .Against  one  of  Iiia  fellowH3reature8. 
not  mean  any  ofienee  to  any  learned 
^rioofl  gentleman  present,  and  of 
not  to  any  lady  ;  but  it  would  be  mere 
ktion  in  him  to  dia^ise  the  fact  that  he 
le<l  hi.H  fellow-captives  in  th<jse  Gar<lenB 
loi-e  condcquenc«  in  theaode  of  ci-eation 
any  of  those  who  held  dominion  over 
lem,  or  wlio  came  to  6e«  them.  They  were 
:afc  position  by  virtue  of  their 
iea,  which  made  them  objects 
It.  i.-v  uii^i^aat  to  tbe  le^-endowed  race 
>f  luaiikind. 


Lord  Buwhlfhy.  I  camiot  allow  thei^  iixtro- 
dnctory  n-tl'-  ii5"i»-»  to  proceecb  For  my  own 
part,  I  ti  nt  iTom  them,  as  no  doubt 


do  all  th 


\iembera  of  Co^mdl. 


The  Elepiiaut  apolt^aed  if  he  had  said  any- 
thing diflcuurteous.  It  was  not  his  intention. 
Some  people  might  think  that  the  superior 
size  and  strength  of  other  people  were  of  lees 
importance  thim  their  own  deficiencica  in  those 
resj>ects.  But  wliatever  might  be  the  natiUHS 
of  the  complaint  now  about  to  be  made,  it 
would  not  so  much  involve  disagreeable  cora- 
paidsoua  Iwstween  the  noble  captives  in  the 
Gardens  and  their  Council,  Keepers,  and 
visitors,  fks  an  exposure  of  erroneous  es- 
timate* formed  of  one  particular  erentun*, 
and  of  undue  favours  shown  him,  to  the  injury 
or  neglect  of  many  more  deserving  such,  or, 
at  least,  no  less  attention. 

Lord  Bumliely.  You  really  must  not  bo 
HO  prolix.  Come  at  once  to  the  question. 
"What  is  the  cause  of  the  disturbance  and 
disorder  that  has  of  late  been  among  you.  Of 
whom,  or  of  what  do  you  complain  i 

All  ears  and  eyes  were  now  turned  towards 
the  Eleijhaut,  who,  dropping  his  ti-unk,  and 
placing  Ills  leg& — the  right  fore-leg  in  advance 
of  the  left,  and  the  right  hind-leg  in  advance 
of  the  leftr— commenced  a  sawing  to  and  fro 
of  his  body;  presenting  th©  api>eiirance  of 
some  colossal  toy,  the  Dody  of  which  waa 
moved  forwards  and  backwards  by  means  of 
a  bit  of  very  simple  machinery,  while  his  legs 
remained  fixed  to  the  board  he  stood  upon. 
He  continued  to  do  this  for  several  minutes. 

Lord  BmnMih^,  How  much  longer  are  we 
to  wait  for  a  reply  ? 

To  this  question  the  Elephant  made  no 
rejoinder,  but  shifted  his  legs,  placing  those 
in  advance  which  had  previously  been  behind, 
and  then  resumed  his  sawing  motion. 

Lord  BundAtb^.  Is  this  aU  the  answer  you 
intend  to  ^ve  the  Court  T  Can  anylwdy 
translate  this  oriental  performance  ? 

An  extremely  small,  thin,  squeaky  voice, 
which  seemed  to  come  from  a  group  of  animals 
collected  round  the  open  entrance  to  the 
marauee,  was  now  heai'd  : — 

"  It  seems,  my  Lord,**  saitl  the  Uttle  voice, 
"  that  the  Elenllant  eamiot  m.«ike  up  his  mind 
aa  to  the  reply  he  should  give.  It  is  too 
difficult  and  full  of  ups  and  downs,  and  high- 
ways and  by-ways.  But  I  can  skip  over  all 
these,  and  tell  you  at  once  tliat  the  cause  of 
our  complaints  b  from  the  favouritism  «liown 
to  the  fat  water'pig  !^ — ^that  *s  wliat  we  are  al  I 
making  mouths  at !  " 

Aftur  much  looking  about,  the  little  voice 
that  had  uttered  this  was  disco vereil  to  proceed 
fi-om  a  very  tiny  nisset-green  Marmozet 
JVlonkey,  with  little  brown  tufts  of  ears 
standing  out  from  each  side  of  hi5  head,  and 
with  very  bright  quick  isyea,  having  a  deli- 
cate tint  of  clear  hazel  in  them,  and  of  great 
intelligence,  though  displaying  a  considerable 
degree  of  nervous  alarm  in  ad<lreAsing  the 
Court.    He  was  Be!&\;e&  o^  ^^^^i  \.a^  ol>5w4  V^ 


\ 


I 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


[CAii4lwM«  If 


sKouliler  of  the  Vilue-unsi'tl  IVtUKru^  w}iile 
si>eakliig.  Init  t>fl  !ip  tittpntl  tlie  inaei  ward«  he 
ennyrui;  "«lle  wf  ihti  Wk  of  UiO 

Oimffe,  !  V. 

You  lui 

tAiip  iuul  the  Ci^urt.,  that  i'or  his  uwii  ptirt 
he  Wi  uo  c^peeml  cAiise  of  gt'icvMtec.  lie 
hwA  iiumly  cotiie  fctrwan.1  oil  the  })re«rmt 
occiisiftn  ftt  tho  i^m-nfst  request  of  a  ituiut»er 
of  I  M,(U.     As  lur  httiisclf,  whut 

wit  ,  and  other  [U'eseiiU,  uiil  h 

coii.^  i .  1 1  1 . !  I  u '.'  3  i  1 ,  1 1  c  of  li  be  rt y  mid  utteut  iou, 
he  h.i*\  III*  ivM^onriKle  j^^rouiid  fxfv  ilisaaiaBffte- 
tioii  ^' ']  f'-'  «}iuuUl  alwihVji  look  duwu  upon  & 
Hi  ^ 

V  ,W£^   (tiddrt»»in^  ike  frmt^  of 

AmmaU),  Lei  me  diutiuctly  fusk  for  a  cleeidLMl 
.awl  defmite  reply.  Uus,  the  MiLTUiozLt  rightly 
lUid  truly  estatcd  the  purpose  of  your  C4JUi^%iut 
—one  at  id  all  ? 

yuin>erau4  Voict*  cf  various  lindi.  He  ku ! 
— h^  hins  ! — he  hiw» ! 

lAjrd  /f  ' "  'I''  '■  '  ^  ma  hag  thjit  sdtDe 
one  lun  i^  and  guai-dnKlf 

MJid  1-  --  'cutioiia  thart  the 

El  iir  to  walk  forth, 

aua  e  of  the  niattt'T. 

At  the^e  wonk  tiie  i^iun  »ti-ode  tujyaBlically 
into  tb<»  mid  Uc  of  the  0>urt,  and  aft*r  »evend 
heavy  swinges  of  hki  tail,  ns  he  looked  with  a 
Very  gimv«  fore»t-lofvl  eounteuaiice  on  all 
fu'ouii^  ibddreaaed  hi«  Lordflhip  ftnd  the 
Council,  in  a  deep  voice, 

Hif  said  tluit  to  his  own  mind,  as  a  Liou,  tlie 
whole  contpiaiut  waa  andMified  aad  hiii- 
ciiJoua ;  Lttit  aa  a  litmiwn  of  tne  GardeoB,  aud 
one  of  the  otdeat  of  ita  noblea,  he  felt  boniul 
to  eapouae  lh«  conu&oa  oauae,  wid  exiter  kis 
iiToti^t  /«^niab'l  the  grcHis  favouritistii  that  had 
Wn  dUiphiyed  towajxlii  the  HippQixttaiiiLia. 
At  tssif  a  Littla  oif  ihi«  w««  aU  veiy  well — in 
fact,  it  wad  ejcpectod,  vitli  a  tiews:otner  of 
more  thou  onliuary  pretennoOB.  But  things 
had  been  cjirried  much  too  far.  The  Hippo- 
potamus hiul  bes-ome  a  faaLion^ble  furor.  Ab 
to  Ihv  aiiimal  hixofieli^  he  haxl  nothing  to  say 
Hgaiiidt  Uiiu  ;  the  qucistion  waa  ooe  of  a  broad 
public  kind.  Was  It  nght  ttywajrda  all  the 
other  iuhftbitaoitii  of  the  Ganie&fly  many  of 
tliein  posseBSLQ^  points  and  nualitiea  worthy 
of  the  highest  iitterest  and  estimatioiL,  thut  an 
^diaoei  excliuiive  devotion  should  be  shown  to 
this  oue  ii)dividunJ  7  He  thtj  Lion  bLanied  no 
one  in  esjjecial — but  evervbody,  aa  the  iiyury 
waa  c^timuitted  by  exerybody*  He  had  fdt 
■o  irritated  at  it — not  on  his  own  account,  for 
he  was  gencs^allv  half  aaleep  all  day,  but  »«  a 
public  inault — that  he  had  taken  to  scratch  hia 
neck,  aa  ho  Uiooght  of  it,  till  he  had  toni  nearly 
all  the  hsit  off  oii«  aide,  aud  cuueed  the  worthy 
Secreiiiry  great  dtstreaa  at  thin  injur)'  to  lus 


tionoff  '  l»e  Uipjxuxjtamua 

iu  hiij  rich   ccuse  ;  aiaJ  a 

•;*i'!u  i'*l  apvli'^)  ij  I  In-  i.i^uiicil  Mid  viMitora,  ait 
htrjio,  be  luailo  to  ,'dl  the  olhor  tuiiuiidfi^ 

^'  '   fo  hid  Lordslup  Iwnl  linic  to  n  pU%  and 
t  lie  lion  liflwi  retired  to  join  thi*  gmup 

,1^       '^     !•*,--,.      \A:.\-       f.„.l.l,<  TMI,     I, •,,.;,„(»«, 

■  he 
of 

if 
dl 

llg 

-r  ;h» 


Lwidy  tiuit  o\^ 
the  Court.    : 
\\liy,he: 
Lmidou,  tol 
of,  tidkiiii;  ab 
niitiir  svviuni  I 


ail,  -Ml"]  ri\>'' 

And  MJiy  ?- 
lireteud   i 
As  to  hi 


penoiml  n^ieanmcts.    He  concluded 
ptieaaingr  lug  opiuion  thait  tiha  lidiculons 


by 


to  a  hoi"»e ! 

n 
U 
U 

U     .   . 

ml  thi<>  dii^t  1 — vkit*  it  ii4>t 
eu^irt'iiiity  of  ef<wV  mtlk  and 
he  wouldn't 


.  iuid  in 

Look 

iiildJUMUii  in   iln 

r*filat  ilat-w*  ({or 

0  dry  yellow  I'.     * 


ones),  and  i  uuule  with  tli> 

maize  m-    1  ■  '■-  ■■•"  '-" 

Sunda> 

was    giv  ; ;.. 

i^enerai  ^^   but   gr 

blue  b«Mi  >,  m  luojxy 

the  Lion  and  tlic  Tiger  hail  reluM-st, — but  givco 

lo  /<««*,  merely  because  the  ko  jx-r  km  vr  thnt 

he  liad  a  lower  jaw  capiible  *  ' 

which  thfi  Lion  would  not,&ii 

not  break  !    Waa  he,  the  Hyttiu^  io  ci 

thie  2    Shrieks  and  fanc^wrasigWa  I     Ki 

Split  the  tip  of  Li^  i^h  a  halch«t»  tt] 

wouLl  aitiTer  it  ui  No  !*— iio  !- 

But  would  he  stllJ  :   m.  .,.  .,.  through 

— would  he? — would  he? — Would  h«1  ha! 

ha  I    would  he  ?     Y^-^a  !    yoa  !   yoa  1     FUkj 

h'm  akin  with  rake*  and  tjuugn,  he  would  glHt 

ha !  ha !   hoo  }  ahriek   aad  yell   hia   utNinip 

tlons,  and  tear  at 

Here  five  keepera  aoddenly  r*in  ^nrwmi, 
and  with  great  difficult  .  ' 

speaker,  and  dragged  i  i 

mane  aiid  tml,  and  one  muu  leg.  ii  wixn  wtn 
they  did,  as  «dl  the  l^ea  aiMi  iuo«t  »f  Urn 
ge&tleoien  ha^l  riaeu  Xrom  tboir  aeaia^  aaA 
weme  joat  preparing  to  HMke  a  predplMAft 
retreat.  The  Buchcaa  of  F1u.stt'iuUjtr  hail 
her  mtlendid   tippet  quite    '  riil 

Mr.  PootB  veai-and-hjun  }  ^'V 

csGa{ie  of  heiiur  siDMlied  in  i  1 1    J 

inore  of  aach  ahiniiefy  bel.  ' ,  I 

aliall  vac4tte  xdt  aeaA.     Mr.   !  m 

uaed  to  deal  with  thaaa  obsitivj»t.>:  MUdi   <•{] 
tern  in   the  performaiiee  of  hia  i 
duties  in  Weatminater — peiiuHj^ia  lie 
good  aa  take  the  chair. 

Mr.  Broi)en{>  eiprewed  hi.s  rr^.-illntj^  tii 
tlda.     He  considered  it  hi>^ 
on   the  score  ot  his   uiagi»t   > 
\3U.t  ot  Vda  Uboun  m  tv&iural  hL>tui  ¥«  mttk 


htm 


UilfrMt  lt#  took  in  iL    Mr.  Mitcli«?ll,  huw~ 


:i]id  injindible  step, 

*MX   uuw    auiic   ktrwMiA   by  a  aiiletotig 

IBO¥«m«*iit.     Willi   Ji   mast   cllffitlciit   iiir,   Itia 

e^ran    itimerl     tuceklv     to    the    ^^touutl,    he 

■JdlCii  1     hiH    LorJahip  iu    a   aiuootli   ajmI 


ZOOLOOICAIi  SESSIONS. 


whiJ  i>«^' 


ulii   hiu   ittti^iition,  hi*  fUiit),  aii 

iiiil.le  inilivkiiuil   like  iiim,  to 

<e  K^ftKt  riijht t«>(X)n»|>lfUJji 

*>«tow«Ki    on   iuiy   ot^ier 

-*  iiB,     Nt} — tfutt  w.'w  iml 

a  ure  tiian  it  Winihi  hiive 

tiiju-c      He    knew    liium»'lf   Iw'ttvr. 

vvrntuni  to  jirf:s»eut  hiiriself  uu  tlio 

*      '  '  '  '"d  of  hi** 

»  niiother 

I  gluey  tears  iu  him  i 

Sice,     lie  ftppea^^d, 

of  th<*  GnsHt  Tor- 

loted  him  od  to  the 


ifr.   MilrJitU). 


ldI  OS  to    niiT  otiier    IxKiily 
nt*.l  iiii  ttalking  h«re. 

•  litres  to  say  pooh, 

A-w^l  that  the  vtiietf  had  pro- 

I  >  bad  1m>€ii  hixm^'ljt 

luanffei's  ivny,  siup- 

wh^^irfw    cyt-s   Were 

iwitul.     I'hey   bad 

L  Vuii   arc  ui 

a  it  WAA  the 

I   the  Tortoine 

nae  at.  his  r&te 

hitn   &t  lefist 

Irom  his  enclosure 

.otl  where  they  now 

this  satis- 

r»  ground, 
iieasL    To 
i  y  favours 
tiie  imlivKiaai  caiit?ti  the  Hip- 
he,  tl  t?  Fox^  cm  the  part  of  hi« 
ivgijHl  muat  respectfully 
i»-iit.v  flTRSM  unjust  as  it 
1  ?     Might 
L  pliwie.  ou 


•OtfOel/  altavt!  on«  Iwelvrniorjth,  whllo  that 


of  his  client  amounted  to  no  leas  than  ona 
hunrlrwliviicl  Berenty-nifie  yeftre.  He  vvna,  c»«- 
rritJy,  not  otilv  llie  Oldest  lidiabit,*intt»flh* 
Ions,  but  iu  ail  EnjrtAiitl— probably  i"  aU 
i'^uro^ie,  T)ie  Hgt^R  of  bfilh  |)arti«i  weiv  iiuthen- 
tidtUy  known.  Ht«  cUent  came  fiviin  C#*1ln- 
pagoe,  on  the  west  coast  of  Sonfb 
close  to  the  equator^  briuping  his  ■  i 

with  him.     He  nlj»o  lived  at  the  < 
small   matter  of    sovenl}*   or    oi;^'! 
T}*,,...  <i,,t^.r^  w  ...   ^11  on  recortl,  ; 
in  Cict,  by  tin 
s  with  whom  li  i 

in  >  IS  the  old  ont«  died  off.     Ab  lV,i 

the  «  person  commonly  Cftlle«l  the 

Hip{^K>iK>UimiiA,  it  w?ia  lauRluibly  e.T^y  to  attest 
that,  Ht*  w^ii>i  fi  more  mushroom — a  brown 
to;Kist^Mil, 

Lord    '  WU'f  do   Ton   peniat    itt 

'     '  the  individual  •♦  called '* 

He  u  a  HipjiofiutiyBllJl  1 
i.. ..  ,.........oL 

The  Fox  Itejiged  ttn  thonsAnd  p.ijnlons  ;  he 
had  heard  tlii*  ]>oint  mueb  contestotl  in  the 
Gardens  among  his  friends  and  companion m, 
who  had  amved  nt  tlip  rniitdnsinn  that  the 
boast   known   :  ^,  Wfw.  in 

truth,  a  youu,  i    th«*  am- 

phibious variety  ;  L'LiL  It  Ills  ie;iiLi«-i  '  ', 

whose  universal  mind  might   be  i 

'-         ""  ■   I'hilkioufl^    but     n*^    ('•^iiaiiy 

I  i^ieoufi«  had  Mettled  tM 
.p.v.  ^n  .=  ,  tifie  Fox,  an  obacun*  und 

humble  i-  s  eure  he  should  not  ex 

cee^l  the  J  nis  iufitructions   b>  n-n  iii<r 

on  the  |mrt  of  l»is  ehent,  that  he  bi  s 

Lordship's  dcn^^inn.  nnd  admittal,  i  '^ 

preisent  i  1  »ly%  that  the  pig  woa 

a  horse.  ,| 

Lord  BtimUeOi/.  An  iriidi  bull,  yoa  menu 
Don't  be  impertinent.  Sir. 

Tlie  Fox  beg^^e^l  lea  hundred  Ihousmd 
pardons.  Tliei-e  was,  howerer,  another  ques- 
tion on  wbich  he  Had  a  few  worda  to  offer. 
A  thinij,  whether  olive  or  dead,  waa  valued 
in  EngkuMl,  by  no  meanus  ao  tunch  for  itsell^ 
and  its  intrinsic  merits  (tfaiiy)  as  for  its 
scarcity,  and  the  money  it  cost  to  obtain  it. 
Suppose  nature  ha/1  ro\'eraed  the  oj>ler  of 
thinua  with  himself  and  the  Hipfwf>p»»<?ttfiim.  90 
that,  while  there  were  a  coun'  1 

water-pigB — ^he  b^ged  ten  \in  i 

miliiou  ]>arilous  J   he  meant  lui— 

there  should  at  the  siime  ti:  y  one 

Fox  in  all  En^dand  J      WAat  a  1  .-<  would 

be  I  His  earsi,  how  acute  ami  pointed  to  a 
hxiir  !  His  nose,  how  line  aud  infallible  ! 
Hia  eyes,  how  bright  with  keen  and  secret 
intelligence  1  His  mouth,  how  formeil  for  all 
the  loves  and  graces  to  hover  ixitind  I  Hia 
physiognomy,  how  matchless  in  the  *linrpnr«B 
of  its  angle;   witli  wfrnt  a  devel  ' 

cramum  above  !      His  bruah,   ho 
and    giiitfious  !      His    step,   how    Jign'      ii«i 
elegant  !      His  9j>eeil,   how   fleet — his  ioiia* 
winded    endurance,  how    wonderful  *      Hia 
courtkge,  w\ieii  sn.Tvou\M\sA,\v/«  tiKA*sw3i^\xx<{^\     V 


Familmr  in  Hmr  Months  as  HOUSEHOLD  WORDS  "— snAwa-tAi 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 

A   WEEKLY   JOURNAL 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


SATOKDAY»  SEPTEHBEB  »S,  1850. 


[Piucx2d 


THE  doom:  of  ENGLISH  WILLS, 

TtiKRK    ar«*   fi'W  titiitgs    in   tJib  beautiful 
coiiuU  V  <  f  England,  more  pictiircjiique  to  the 


nlile  to  the  fancy,  than  an  old 

nt».    Seen  m  the  distance,  risLng 

com-fiekla,  pjistui'ea,   orchaiila, 

hIs*,   the   river,    the  hridire,   the 

:        •       ,■  :'"       :.'        :'  •      -,   of 

id 

■    iiUiuli  fi  I   yiviOi  I' V  tlje 

I'T  «uii,  tower,  like  a 
.....  ,.  .k'uce,  above  the  city, 
th»j  nulisst  mind  associations 
with  the  vlusky  Paat.  On  a 
nwut' r  approfich,  tlii3  interest  is  heightened. 
Within  t}i4\  building,  by  the  lon^  perspec- 
tives of  piUai-s  an<r  arehe^ ;  by  the  earthy 
nuell,  rir«'.'i«-irnju'  niove  r.'kM^nontly  tkin  deans 
autl    c!i  '  " 

the  pr.i 


C 
fr. 

»  custU  or 

apr  - 

fiol 
of 


■inou  doom;  by 
t^  and  ladles  on 
'"  'rations 

them  ; 
iig  and 
I  rvinffs 
iK-i  told 
i  elfigiea  of  arch- 
i  built  up  in  the 
' !  the  wuiid  li^iU  been  unconscioijE, 
of  their  blunt  etone  noses ;  by 
.  the  crj7>t, 
loan;  gleams 
.:■'  \  lOLHii  13  where  the 
ivy,  bred  among  the 
*  Ko  I J  t  their  graves  ; 
high  up  in  the 
i-aal  |rravity,  mys- 
Without,  by  the  old 
«igt%  with  its  red-brick 
-  J  by  the  sauie  stained 
side  tliough  ao  bright 
it  ttf  hall-obliterated 
'  lioea  of  the  viai- 
t  gate,  tliat  seema 
ft  of  that  retire- 
.  i..  .^d  J4ck*lttWH  that 
ts  m  steeple  crevices,  where 
the  chimes  reminds  them, 
of  the  wind  among  the  boughs  of 
orty  trees ;  by  the  andent  acrara  of  prdace 
And  gate^vay;  by  the  iv>'  acam,  that  baa 
ffrowu  to  be  so  tJiick  and  stronji  ;  by  the  oak, 
UmooA  in  all  that  part,  which  baa  struck  ita 


the  toi 
of  sons 

by  tu- 
rn' 

Qi 

their  litvuiij ;  by  t  i 
bi5ihoj>s   r>nil    bUli 


fot 

tbi 

wri 

of 

tb 

bi. 

by 

ttu. 

Ui 

eir. 

h<:.i. 
gl. 
wii 
tu». 

toi-  .., 
to  shut 
merit  - 

th*- 


ptrlwuw*, 
lofly  trei 


mighty  root  thronj^  the  Bisliop'a  wall ;  by 
the  CAtliedral  oi^gan,  whoee  sound  fills  all  lliat 
space,  and  oli  the  space  it  opens  in  the  charmed 
imagination. 

l^ere  may  be  flaws  in  this  whole,  if  it  be 
examined,  t^jo  closely.  It  may  not  \*ts  Improved 
by  the  contemplation  of  the  ahivering  choris- 
tera  on  a  winter  morning,  huddling  on  their 
^wuB  aa  they  drowsily  go  to  scamper  thi-ongh 
5ieir  work ;  by  the  drawling  voice,  without  a 
heait,  that  drcioily  pursues  the  dull  routine ; 
by  the  avaricious  fuuctionary  who  lays  aside 
the  silver  mace  to  take  the  silver  pieces,  and 
who  races  through  the  Show  as  if  he  were  the 
hero  of  a  sporting  wager.  S(jme  uncomfort- 
able doubt**  may,  under  special  circamstances, 
obtrude  thomseives,  of  the  practical  Christian- 
ity of  the  head  of  some  particular  Foundation. 
He  may  be  a  brawler,  or  a  proud  man,  or  a 
aleek,  or  an  artfiib  He  tiiay  W  usually 
silent,  in  the  House  of  Ix'rds  when  a  Christian 
minister  should  speak,  and  mav  make  a  pjint 
of  speaking  when  he  should  he  silenL  He 
may  even  be  oblivious  of  the  truth  ;  a  stickler 
by  the  letter,  not  the  ypirit,  for  his  own  pur- 
pft^es  ;  a  t>ettifogger  in  the  supremo  court  of 
God's  hign  law,  as  there  are  pettifoggers  in  the 
lower  couita  aiiministering  the  laws  of  mor- 
tal man.  Disturbing  recolleotious  may  arise, 
of  a  few  isolated  cases  here  and  there,  where 
country  curates  with  small  incomes  and  large 
families,  poor  gentlemen  and  scholars,  are 
condemned  to  work,  like  blind  hursea  in  a 
mill,  whUe  othei^  who  do  not  work  get  their 
rightfiil  pa}' ;  or  of  the  inconsistency  and  Lnde- 
conim  of  the  Church  being  made  a  Robe  and 
CimtUeHtick  question,  w^hile  so  many  shining 
lights  are  hidden  under  bushels,  and  so  nianiy 
black-cloth  coat3  are  threa^lLiare,  Tlie  ((ue«^- 
tion  may  present  itself,  by  rejnioto  eliance, 
whether  some  shovel-hat'?  be  not  mad©  too 
much  on  themcnlel  of  the  banker's  shovel  with 
which  the  ^oM  h  gathered  on  the  counter, 
and  too  little  in  remembrance  of  that  other 
kind  of  shovel  that  renders  ashes  unto  a^hes, 
and  dust  to  dust.  But,  on  the  whole,  the  \isi- 
tor  will  probably  be  content  to  say,  *'  the  time 
was,  and  this  old  Cathedral  stiw  it,  when  these 
tilings  were  intinit^Jy  worse  ;  they  will  be 
better  ;  I  will  do  all  honour  to  the  good  that 
is  in  them,  (which  is  much)  and  I  will  do  what 
in  me  liea  for  the  speedier  amendment  of  the 
bad,** 


10 


HOlTSEBrOLD  WORDa 


(tvn^  Jjotd  hia  word  of  liiMiottr  Umt  he 

«noiil^   Dewr  Aniu  nlhide  U>  (Tt.at  owl,  ai* 

thoi^h  he  nniitw  permitted  to  say,  jarl'  !— 

to  mfff  k^rk—yarkf — Irat  Uttt  *s  neither  here, 

ji  T^    wonW  b^  Icsve  to  tttbstitutc 

13  t«()niill7  ui«HtoriouB  aiul  rc^ 

ji.  :  la  tigltneeB — ^he  referred  to  the 

f   I'lMJiHii    f  \\\\.     TUnt  wibs  an  luiimal  who 

•     '      '     ••  'it  .l^fil  of  attention  At 

^  r«einblance  he 

r  »ii    liothdchUd^s — 

ruuucly  2»tnrBiini  linvuau,  whose  health  wafl 

driMtk  the  other  My  iu  treble  X,  by  Me4Mi*&, 

BtarcUvV  dravtiuti. 

l^e^  ButfJtl4f>^,  I  hiAttft  upon  it,  thAit  no 
fidore  cf  these — 

Th»  JsM-k  Paw  ha^iteued  to  anticipate  his 

Lord!»h  '    namh— and  waa  rlumn,  ho  fkr 

HA  til  riwrhioeii  I/jTii— Flatnaa  ke 

mcAnt  I  ..^  w'i3  eonccrneil.  Of  the  Ott«« 
he  wotiid  be  sileui :  the  constant  exidbi^ 
tion  of  their  talents  always  collectetl  an 
admifing  erowd.  The  auaie  might  be  Raid  <3^ 
the  Monkey^  whose  cries — which  he  mmitaAy 
wvTtt  exactly  like  the  drawing  of  a  number  of 
■Ball  atid  very  olietiiiate  corka — never  faile<l 
to  attmct  apectatom  to  their  perforniaDoea. 
But  of  tlie  more  uicwiest,  yet  equally  original, 
merits  of  the  AmerioiMi  Tapir,  whose  noae  ia 
a  lliick  fore-linger  (.Mjid  the  samv  curioiia 
churt /t«'rl*rir  iii.tv  V>r  tioI^mI  in  tlio  lUuiioceros) ; 
f.'  s  ;  mid  of  the 

K    ^  ive  coiue  from 

BM^I^ay,  but  whu,  it)  reality,  l>eloiig9  to  the 
KiDgtiom  of  Pantomime — ^lie  c<jTild  hold  forth 
jfrom  tliitj  time  till  t4>iuorrow  inoniiDg.  He 
undcirsUxxl  the  look  uf  tho  nolile  and  learned 
Lur^l,  and  wuuld  hot t\*i ^o.  He  w«j>uld  concbide 
by  reminding  therii  of  one  omiiiouH  fact.  The 
youngei^t  of  the  (rirfiff^s,  beiji":  quit»^  unable 
to  endure  the  nj*?lnirichf»ly  aij^ht  of  the  con- 
tinnal  KKvourilism — juoncy  kvishwl — and  all 
aortsi  of  Irtxuriea  anxiously  provided  (br  the 
Hlppopotama'jk — had  recently  dqiarted  for 
Antweqj-  with  a  solemn  vow  never  to  retnm. 
Let  the  Couneil  and  Atr.  Mitchell  hx<k  well  to 
itl  let  thera  l«e  warned  in  time,  lefit  other 
ohoic^e  creuttiri^si  took  an  opportunity  of  etfeet- 

11       *  '  '  '         '  *   iving  this  un- 

,, ,  / 

h  -  ' 

snr,  Ji!"<":n       i    •  I  f i  v»-  JnrHJiii?«iOn,    TOy    LOrd, 

to  aay  one  M'ord.  I  will  confine  isyaelf  to  the 
rvmorks  niade  of  the  oTeatureslaatnieniionefl. 
Thig  expbiiuition  will  go  to  prove  that  neither 
in  cx(>€risf,  nor  in  attention,  has  any  such 
exclusive  favour  been  shown  to  tho  Hippo- 
potanuiB  as  the  various  ajieakers  wooild  have 
you  believe.  Take  the  example  hint  given. 
For  a  long  time  the  Gardena  poiaeeaed  no 
specimen  of  the  Giraffe.  After  many  vain 
attonipts  to  procure  one,  we  niade  tlie  follow- 
ing public  oner.  Tlie  Society  would  •'  ■  • 
thousand  pounds  to  anyl»o«ly  whu  wim 

to  the   Gimlens  the   tii^t  Gindfe,  a: 

well  ;  eiffht  hundred  poimds  for  tlie  9<'<i«iiid  ; 
ftU  hundred  poujiiia  for  the  thinl  ;  hve  hun- 
^Hid  pounds  for  the  fourtli,  and  t^r  ua  many 


to   A! 

effort 

sax,    'Iwo   -hed   r-M 

l»roni^Kt  four  to  us, 

seven  1     ■ —  -      ' 

quite 

tamus.     (' 
from  Uui  ffi 


more  a3  could  be  prc*mired. 


tttc 
and 


» — tnth  aome  innrmmn 


Profcieor  Owen  cravwl  the  indulgence  rt 
the   f^mrt  for  a    niinute  lnn^r»f.     "jlc    bnr! 
alrcfttiy  dechire^l  that  his 
the  fli^trvit?e  of  any  anim 
merits.    The  Giratt'ea  had  \h--a 
A  Gimlfe  had  diiKl  at  the  GanI 
ago,  from  a  bad  cold,  and  aoii 
stelidiug.    He,  the  Prof»rsH«>r,  I 
anxious  to  odd  to  the  Mn-.  n  i,, , 
Surgeons  a  apeeiineu 
GLraife.    To  obtain  tl» 
dissection  several  days  in 
the  dejjth  of  winter"    H*  vh-^ 

tainin^  tho  wh' '  i.a  cortL 

Ue  had  a  yhuss  i  t  UU\vm 

on  pnrpoao  to  hi  i  ,  j  !  • 

to  au«tain  the  -!  i 

be  aeen  at  the    ii^^^.n    ^. ....-,      •.  :     i., 

by  any  of  the  cjmptvny  present.     11        , 
attention   he  waa  nvi.K  t..  .1i:.i,lny  l.u  a;i',  ..i 
the  group  of  animal-  -icnt  !     {U'ltL 

»€rntti(ton,)     And  he  in-  theoi   thit 

their  apina]  conis  and  nkclcUjaH  {Incrraiied  arit- 
»aH<yn^  and  mdH^%  frwvt^ment)  would  be  pre* 
served  lu  tho  Muaeum  with  evetry  duo  regant 
Uy  their  merits. 

With  a  roar  and  a  y«ll,  and  rl  nnd 

ecreMn%  and  strange  eriea,  n\v  ;*ed, 

and  scramliicd,  and   ran,  mi.l  '  ' 

creatures  !— HtTRivting  by  tine  ^m 

eonfuaion  of  tlinir  Mi-'hi    n  pni;      ;.,     .1 

the  a«Bembloil  -vi-py  ono  nt  whom 

ran  he  knew  n  '     The  Burhcis  of 

Flusterwing  nuule  iiLrai';;ht  for  the  Uon*ff 
den  ;  the  noble  and  U»Amed  I»rrl,  in  kiA 
flight,  embraced  the  neck  of  th»«  KhiuoeenM 
by  niif^take  for  somebody  vl3*\  Mr.  Yarrr-li 
ran  dirt'<»t  towanl*  the  canal,  :iiid  jiituixfl 
in  ;  Mr.  Doyle  dash«Ml  into  one  of  tho  boun- 
dary het Iges  ;  and  M  t .  Pont  ^ ,  ■  •  •  wnj 
at  random,  pitched  he/ui  foi<  the 

enclosure   of  the   Tnri..v<f     u\:.]  .ninL' 

up"  to  collect  hia  ie,  he  ¥ox  ejitu 

the    remains   of  a   ^  m    pie,    wi-i 

aome  vegetable  mitrruwa  viven  him  on  ''.o- 
count"  of  fees  due  to  him  by  the  Tortoise. 


i 


THE  SUBSCfRIPTION  LIST. 

It  has  been  declared,  with  tiiith,  that 
...1  "Tf  charity  aceomnlishcs  more  in  thia 
ry  than  in  any  otner  in  the  wnHd.  Hie 
.  .  I  lice  to  be  deduced  from  this  fitct  mtutt 
luj  carefully  drawn.  Many  inllueuoea  ewcJl 
the  amount  of  "charitable  dunatiuns;*'  and 
it  is  by  arriving^  at  something  like  an  estimate 


of  til o  fmre  charity,  to  be  peneniUy  traced  in 

I^ct   lis 

- .  .    .-  .1  siitxscrij)- 

jd  osfnttd.    The  tirst  ntune  we 


BooM)«ai  this  Ifidly  is  8tnciat>e1y  lieslrous 
Ui»  kosMtai  tlitie  patranmed  shoalil  \w  a 

of  b-i-  *«  -  v..o„.  ..r  I -.-.fribntion  ; 

c  of   Mias 

IA\  ^idreaa  nt 

1^,    l>  leiy  tlmt    her 

iletit   dt  nth    the  ftict 

bei-  rborou^li 

ako'  .  u   to  the 

at  Lu^^c,    llic  ccxt  lints  on  the  list 


Mr*.  JMittt  P»ii»r** 


If  Mr,  Feuapiis  be  feuk  to  extend 

the  itacfuInQK  of  the   !i'  y  did  he 

'        '     n^te  li  oBce  wiuH^m   untj^ji^Tig  iu 

la  h«  pltiAsed  to    Fee   hiB   tmme 

,'   .^^f...^*,.,i    ;»,   tii^  list;    or    has 

in  aecLng  ljer*elf  in 

^     .        L  die  Pampftaes  look 

uuati^r  rathci-  ns  a  bit  of  clienfi 

th.m    Jia   ft    rciil    goodness    per- 

Ti.     Mr,  Pamttaa,  we  aiv  tohL, 

uLur  about  noving  his  uonie 

1 1 1  for  aprefulitt^  a  gmftll  amaaut 

V  n\'jr  A  h\-  "*       of  publicity  w 

Btrikbgly    c .  by    the    next 

the  KlRbt  ttmirarkbU  Lodr  Oittim  . 


•l<    Uluwiltf 


,    5   0 

.  .  t  « 

itfK«l«PiiiJt(lejtlMrcIiBttiunt.    fl  € 


I   Is  on  ecacotnist.     No  one 

hftu  liei*  lsijiyahi|>  how  to  l&y 

iOfft  in  charity  with  prolit  to 

:  iMU  of  her  muneroua  family^  ^Vbat 

of  preoodoo*  mnnificence  is  ex- 

•,'  who  happen  to  know  that 

'  deuburgh  JBitteiTi  has  not  yet 

it. .  <  ^   ••  .-,■,  <  ..c  ^iignity  of  being  fihort-euat^  ! 

Th(^  next  nameworiby  of  bote  is  that  of  our 

frieud — 

W-   '  '       '  I     :  thifi  ffiib- 

cript  .  aa    *:%- 


amount  ot  suti'  _.it«  ;  how 
many  new  pat!  vcd — but, 
■Wfio  htfcve  you  ii«:H  T'  'VUr  un- 
folded hiM  list;  "Well,  Sir,*'  wo 
have  the  Jjord  LieuteiiiUit  (tift  \  ,  the 
Sigh  SherilT  (mr  Jtounds),  /,.  /    I;     luUe, 


one  hundred  and  five  pouniia.  Yon  ace,  Sir  1 " 
continued  the  v  '^  '  •  '  nnwing  his  man, 
and  remembtr  ,   "  \\  c  do  not 

malce  up  our  L  ..  .^  ,  ,,.  %,  but  accord- 
iiig  to  amouuta.** 

"  Htun  ! "  considered  Tomliiison,  molting  to 
the  cause  when  he  remcmbei-cd  h<;jw  com- 
pletely out  of  Firht  fhf  *'T'8"  were  stuck  in 
forracr    advert  "Huw    iijuch    has 

Sir  Skinner  Fl  mh  ?  ** 

"Twerrtv  .Mr."' 

"Very  down  twenty-fire  oppOBite 

to  njy  naiiii-.  x..ti  see,**  was  Tamiinson*^ 
aside  speech  to  Uft,  "  one  must  do  the  thin^  a 
liffK*  fiin.Uniiu-  MS  a  new  comer  into  this 
ihe  country,  or  one  gets 
y  by  these  people :  I  may 
say,  blown  ujjou*'' 

It  Is  a  6orry  inference,  theo— but,  alas,  a 
true  one — that  TomJinson's  mon^y  wfta  not 
put  fort!i  to  lend  off  suffering  froni  the  erick 
poor,  but   aA  ' '        shield   for    himself 

against  the  col  i  of  the  rich. 

^  Sir,'*  said  tiu  -v,  i,  ..iiy,  when  h=-  •"^'  '  -i 
the  chief  proprietor  of  the  Whltei! 

Chi*onic]e.      **  We  spend   twelve   1. ,    i 

year  in  newspaper  a(ivertlsin}:» ;  besidea  twa 
hundred  per  annum  in  printiu«:  circulars. 
You  could  not  have  a  bnetter  medium  for 
making  your  cxeoUent  publication  extensively 
known  to  the  public.  I^t  me  say  five."  But 
aa  the .  person  appealed  to,  knew  that  the 
notification  would  be  repeate<l  in  just  as  many 
impressions  fi.tr  lt?ss  money,  we  find  it  stand 
thus  : 

Proprirlora  of  tl»«  %M»il«!  Sepuklini  Clurinlcto     £3  2a. 

CouM  the  nricc  and  day  of  publication  have 
api>eared,  the  donor  cuiKlidly  owned  he  would 
have  been  glad  to  give  the  five- 
Glancing  the  eye  over  other  parta  of  the 
fiubacriptiim  list,  we  do  not  find  it  wholly  a 
record  of  pomps  and  vanities.    There  are  a 
few  scarcely  perceptible  oiitriea  almost  over* 
shatlowed  by  the  big  letters  of  the  great  sub- 
scj'ibera.    Ihev  are  simple  initials  aet  Jvcuiust 
small  sums  ;  t\  ■  "    '   '  '   ;■ 

than  either  ot  I 
"A  Friend"  ocvM.o  .....,i.   ,..,^.  .,/.......,....  ^.u 

shillings  is  bestowed  l>y  "  an  Old  Patient." 
Such  contributions  speak  tn»e  charity  out  of 
the  fulneis  of  genuine  gratitiuie. 

Our  former  instances  are,  we  reluctantly 
own,  not  overchai'ged  demonatrations  of  vrhib 
goes  by  the  name  of  charity,  in  a  ^reat  many 
eaj^ea.  A  new  ward  is  to  be  built  in  a 
hckspital.  Experience  proves  that  to  demon- 
10  the  necessity  and  utility  of  such  an 
ion,  is  but  a  seconrhiiy  necessity.  The 
,.< .  iiiotem  know,  that  to  succeeii  they  must 
get  the  undertaking  gracetl  with  the  names 
and  jiatrouage  of  halfa  dozen  peers^  a  sprink- 
liriiT  of  the  llouse  of  Commons,  and  a  juuicioua 
sek'ction  from  wealthy  neighlwurs.  Tlie  list 
is  publisloiil,  and  suliscriptions  flow  iu.  WTiy 
do  they  flow  in  \  Because  the  undistinguished 
I'ich — ^the  tnob  of  ^jenlleiaeiv  who  ^v^  witb 
ea^e — ^bave,  loo  o?\.eu,  tv  ui^^xXsv^  \<^\v^  V^  W\ 


\ 


19 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


^ 


tlieir  naiiiea  raugefl  olongsitle  those  of  "  Goovl  " 
I>u1;«>«i,  Peers,  aiitl  M.P'a. 

ITie  tnith  is,  deep,  s)Tnj\ithising,  effectual 
benevolence  does  not  often  hud  its  way  iuto  the 
sul>s<*-ri|jtiou  Ufit  at  all.  Neither  tl>e?*  it  go 
Al»out  in  in^T^terious  melodraniAtic  diarnil^e, 
on  piirpoHe  to  be  foii«d  out  and  lie  all  the 
Jnoro blazoned  ;  but,  with  unoHtentatioiiB  e.-uii- 
eatness,  gives  it«  intellect  and  its  time,  i\& 
well  ti»  its  mouey,  to  the  needy  and  tJufTeriiic. 
It  discriminates,  inquire*,  and  affortL*  judi- 
doUH  help  rather  thnii  uiiqunlified  almd  ; 
which  though  it  niny  bless  the  j^ver,  seldom 
blesi^ta  the  receiver ;  imlees  in  cases  of  utter 
helple«HUL*8Si. 

Meek  Charily  never  thrusts  her  baud  into 
her  pur»o  with  the  bomiciug  let-nie-kiiow- 
what-I-hftve-topfiv,-aJid-have  -  done  -  with  -  it, 
profufcion  of  a  rich  "  subscriber."  She  ia  a 
^eat  economist  ;  for  had  abe  millioos,  ahe 
Id  not  cover  and  heal  all  the  sore*  of 
srty  that  cover  the  laud.  She  knows  tlmt 
an  wise  profuaion  to  one  cuae  in  gross  injustice 
to  many  otliurs  that  must  be  couBequently 
netflectetl. 

It  may  be  arffued,  tliat  whatever  be  the 
motives  of  the  advertiaers,  for  their  seetuing 
chanty,  the  result  U  cood.  They  give  their 
money  and  that  in  uaemllv  appbcil. 

As  a  general  rule,  we  Joubt  tlib.  The  re- 
gular clnuities,  of  which  routine  advertiae- 
meute  are  conatautly  api»earinij  in  the  Sprijig, 
are,  many  of  them,  gigmitic  jolja;  operating 
less  for  the  excellent  objects  pretended  in 
them  than  for  the  payment  of  lai'ge  tialanea 
to  tlieir  ofBcers  anti  managers.  Most  of  the 
subscribed  canitid  jl'ocs  to  buHd  magnificent 
l^alncea  for  a  tew  children,  who  ai'e  supiiosed 
to  lie  bom  in  hovclH  ;  to  jKiy  the  billg  of 
ti*ea8urerri,  who  manage  to  get  elected  aa 
Buch  becimse  they  are  f>rititeni,  or  contrac- 
tors for  nrticles  naetl  in  the  injatitution,  and 
enormously  overcluu-getl  The  pureat  we  be- 
lieve  to  lie  medical  charities  ;  but  some  of 
ihesQ  are  full  of  abuses — abuses  often  occa- 
sioned by  their  very  affluence,  and  which  they 
have  attained  by  means  of  a  doner  and 
constant  working  of  Tub  Sukscrlttion  List. 


I  linger  in  the  deepoiiing  |ljI*>ujii, 
Half  hoping  with  the  dead  to  meet ; 

To  Imnit  in  mmc  now  vacant  ixjom 
The  music  of  my  childrcn'i  feet 

I  cannot  leave  ill  home  behind, 

My  heart— my  bcsfirt  would  curoty 
Thetf  fore,  sweet  birds,  the*  now  cotifiaod^j 

Tis  love  that  doth  ibj  prieon  make : 
When  wavefii  aromsd  us  oeoae  to  fuun. 

Your  cantor's  hand  thaU  sot  jou  free; 
And  you  rLaII  aing  to  mo  of  bomc^ 

In  tiiQ  far  land  across  the  sea. 


THE  E^nGRANTS  BIHD. 

"  Thf.Ms  T«»»e1ii  c^rrjr  out  bnasetf  And  every  necouary 
rw]til«lti»  for  damattc  oom/crt  oo  tnodlDR ;  nad,  Blninitftr  u 
II  m»f  lu^m,  every  VAriMy  of  Eo^li^h  Hliitflnii-bii^.  wLlcb, 
uit  laudiug,  the,  oolonltta  irUl  ruloa*?,  tu  order  tiiBttbey 
tuny  pn»p&g%te/' 

To  dii^taot  lands  across  the  sea 

I  go,  a  happier  lot  to  Heck, 
And  tho'  not  one  will  mourn  for  me, 

The  teai-s  are  welling  doi^ii  my  cheek  ! 
Por  wife  and  chlldron  sleep  beneath 

Tho  shadow  of  yon  age<l  yew, 
Ajid  I  but  Bceni  forostalHng  death 

In  bidding  all  1  loved  adieu  1 

Tliia  house,  tho'  only  wood  aud  stone, 
lias  lang\uigo  in  each  time-woiij  widl ; 

For,  as  I  turn  and  woidd  be  gone, 
Loved  Bpiht-volcoa  on  me  call  I 


THE  WAJIILOWS  OF  WELLAND  ; 

OR,  TUB  MODERN   rRODIOAL. 

Mast  travellers  know  the  ^  Rutland  Anna  * 
at  Bake  well,  in  the  Peak  of  Dei^-i  -  -  It 
is  a  fine  large  inn,  belonging  i<>  nf 

Kuttand,  standing  in  an  airy  lit  et- 

Place  of  that  clean-looking  fcittk*  town,  and 
commanding  from  its  windows  jdeasfint  peep* 
of  the  green   hills  and  tlie  great  Wieks«5j> 
Woods,  which  shut  out  the  view  of  (!)iat»« 
worth,  the  Palace  of  the  Peak,  mIuoJi  lids 
behind  them.    Many  travelh^rs  who  u#ed  to 
travenjo  this  road  from   the  south  to  Mnji* 
Chester,  in  tho  days  of  long  coaches  and  long 
wlntr)'   drives,    know    well    th»>    •'Kutlana 
AmM "  and  will  recall  the  sound    of  tho 
gujird  s  bugle,  aa  they  whirled  up  to  the  <loor, 
amid  a  throng  of  groonu,  waiters,  and  nllage 
idlers,  the  ladder    abready  taken    from    iis 
stand  by  the  wall,  and  placerl  by  the  olficioua 
Boots  in   towering   position,  t^ady,    at  tlio 
instjcmt  of  the  coacli  stopping,  to  clap  it  under 
your  feet,  and  facilitate  youi'  descent.    Many 
travellers    mU    recall    one    feature   of  tluit 
accommodating  inn,  which,    unitijig  aristo- 
cratic with   comnierci;iI    entprtainnicnt,   has 
two  doors  ;   one  lonJly  and  ho^v  in  front,  to 
which  all  can-Li^es  of  nobility,  pitlatn',  and 
gentility  natumlly  draw  up;  and  one  at  the 
end,  to  which  all  gigs,  coaches,  mails,  and  stiJl 
le^  dignifiwl   conveyances,  as  naturally  aro 
di-iven.    Our  travellei*s  will  aa   vividly  rc^ 
member  the  paamge  which  received  tiiem  at 
this  entrance^  and  the  room  to  the  IcA^  the 
Travellers*    Room,    into    which    tlicy    were 
ushered.    To  that  comer  n>om,  having  win- 
dows to  the  Market-Place  in  front,  and  one 
small   peeping    window   at   the    Bide,  com- 
manding tne  turn  of  the  north  nml,  and  the 
inter^ting  arrivals  at  the  secondaiy  enti-ancey 
we  now  introduce  our  readers. 

Here  sat  a  solitary  gentleman.  He  was  a 
man  apparently  of  five-And-thirty ;  tall,  con- 
siderably handsome  ;  a  face  of  the  oval  cha- 
racter, nose  a  little  aquiline,  hair  dark,  eye- 
brows dark  and  Strang,  and  a  light,  clear, 
self-possessed  look,  that  showed  phunlv 
enough  that  he  waa  a  man  of  active  mind, 
and  well  to  do  in  the  world.  You  would  have 
thought,  from  his  gentlemanly  air,  aud  by  no 
meaus  commercial  maunex*,  that  he  would 
have  fomid  his  way  in  at  the  great  front  door, 
and  into  one  of  the  private  rooms ;  but  hs 


VWa**'*-  i 


THE  WABILOWS  OF  WELLAND. 


13 


^me  oy^er  mglit  by  Clu*  mail,  an«l,  ou  l^euag 
Aftk-r  !.  oti  r  nti  iiti<:j  the  luiUHe,  by  the  waiter,  to 
*i1  ra  he  woukl  be  shown,  Jin- 

g^  \  aiid  abruptly,  "an^'^here." 

llt'i^s;  hti  v>  a*,  scatcil  in  the  back  Lfl-haial 
Cfmier  of  ih*^  r«Mtm,  a  hmj'*^  «k*rtfea  between 
'  '    "  .<*  liiiii  A  tiible 
.ipjviratujs^ — 
ut    trom    the 
r-rQ.  roirnd  of 


It    Wft9    a    moi*miig    as    desf>enitely    and 

deluLHiiL'tv  niiny  as  aiiy  that  ^howeiT  region 

vvu.    In  the  plinis*;*  of  the  country, 

n,  or  run,  ua  if  thiou^h  a  sieve. 

^  wii  streamed  the  pkntcous  *?lo- 

in  ,  iucessant,  and  looking  as  if  it 

\tfouM  UoM  on  the  whole  <h»y  thi^oiigh.     It 

thuudejMvl  on  the  roof,  beat  a  sonorous  tune 

oTi   ■       "^         -  '  '  •  ■i-ctions  of  door  and  win- 

<]■  rits  ou  window-silla,  aud 

-  ...  ,  .....  ruahwl  along  the  streets 

i  lie  hiliii  were  hiddtiu,  the   very 

!i  to  rooat — and  not  a  soul  was  to 

be  secii  out  of  d'XjrR 

Freaently  there  was  a  Hound  of  hurrying 
Uj  A  sprinj^-cart  came  up  to  the  side 
witJi  two  uieu  in  it,  in  thick  ^eat  coats, 
v>  '  '  over  their  shoiddera ;  one 
held  over  their  heads,  aud 
tljwy  jinu  lUDi  liorse  yet  lookin;^  tViree  partj3 
drowned.  They  loat  no  time  in  pitching  their 
to  the  ostler,  who  issaeil  from  the 
tleacendiu^  aud  ruahing  into  the  inn. 
next  moment  the  two  countrj'uien, 
di vested  of  their  sack:^  and  gi'eat  coat,-;,  were 
lashered  into  this  i-oom,  the  waiter,  makiug  a 
8uri  of  apoloff)',  l^ecause  there  was  a  tire  there 
- — it  wiw  in  the  middle  of  .Iuly»  The  two  men, 
t\I  «  d  iVjik  fjimiera,  with  hard  hands 

w  nibUfd  at  the  fire,  and  tannetl 

aim  w  ,n  ri.er-Intat»'n  OT'inplexions,  onlered 
breakfast — of  coffee  arul  bivkile^l  ham — which 
speedily  mad©  its  apiwanmce,  on  a  table 
pW-oti  fliiectly  itt  fruiit  cif  the  before  solitaiy 
stnmcer,  b<»twe«ii  the  side  look-out  window 
and  the  frvmt  one* 

They  looked,  and  were  eoon  perceived  by 
our  BtTHuj^er,  to  be  father  and  son.  Tlie  old 
man,  of  npnarently  upwards  of  sixty,  was  a 


no   Herculean  mould, 

t\  and  with  a  face  tliiu 

'•^"    '  inintanee 

ion  waa 

.  .    ......  ..,, ,   ^li-iii^  else, 

was  thin  iiml  irri;^zled, 


in 

>l: 
If 
W 

ni  -    .  :. 

and  his  haii*,  vihich 

was   coiulxil    bftckwnnl   from    hia    tl;cv,   and 

liun^  iu  miiasts  alMiut  his  ems,     Tlni  s<ii»  vrrin 

mofh  t:i\\f'i-  than  the  fithrr,  n  ?d:ofiipin;[^  ti^)a>:% 

*!  liair,  a  hif_  ht  blue  eyes, 

ii  ler  a  very  .  1,, 

1  i\>' .  i.(  iriiui  ijcemed  t'l  r  tt  v,iih  little  :ij»|»e- 
tite,  and  to  be  aunk  into  himself,  ;is  if  he  was 
oppresaefi  by  some  hea\7  trouble,  V"t  lie 
every  miw  anil  then  rouscil  himself,  c;i.Ht  an 

LloUB  look  at  his  sou,  and  sh'mI^  "Joe,  lad, 
eata  nothii^/' 


**Xo,  fay  tiler,**  was  the  Cjonatant  reply  ;  "I 
towd  you  I  nliouldn't*  Tlii*  rcen  'a  enough  to 
Uik  au>!>iKly*s  R]>m'tite — ami  these  t'other 
Uiinca,*  casting  a  glance  at  thi  Btranger. 

The  slranger  h.'vd,  indee<l,  his  eyes  fixed 
curiously  upon  the  two,  for  he  ha<l  >M?t?ii 
watching  the  coosumpiive  ten  I  '  the 

a^in  ;    not  iu  >my  cough  or  h <  .  or 

peculiar  palenes.%  for  Vie  had  a  p^Muv -iv  aun- 
bunit  complexion  of  his  own,  Kut  by  the  ex- 
tniordiiiary  power  he  posae^eti  of  todsing 
down  cotfee  and  ham^  ^nth  enormous  pieces 
of  Uihat  and  butter.  tFntler  his  oi^eiTitions,  a 
hirge  dish  of  broilenl  ham  raj  »idly  lUsappeared, 
and  the  contents  ♦if  the  cotfee-p«>t  were  in  jw 
active  demand.  Yet  the  old  man,  ever  and 
anou,  booked  up  from  his  revericj  aii<l  repeated 
his  paternal  olvservation  : — 

"  Joe,  hvl,  thou  eats  nothing  J  " 

"  No,  faythcr,"  was  still  the  reply  ;  "  I  towd 
you  I  shouldn't,  lt*8  this  reen,  and  these 
't'other  things" — again  ghmcing  at  the 
stninger. 

Presently  the  broiled  ham  hsn\  kitiiUy 
vanish wl  —  there  had  been  euough  for  six 
oniinarj'  men.  And  while  the  sou  wjis  in  the 
net  of  holding  the  cotfee-pot  upside  down, 
aud  draining  the  last  drop  from  it,  the  ol«i 
roan  ouce  more  repeated  liis  anxious  athiioiii- 
tion  ; — '^JoeTlad,  thou  eats  nothing  1 " — ^and 
the  rcjjly  was  still,  "  No,  fayther,  T  towd  yo\i 
I  shouldn't.  It  s  this  reen,  aud  these  t'other 
thinj^a,." 

This  WHS  accompanied  by  another  glance  fti 
the  stnuigcr,  who  Wgau  to  feel  himself  vety 
much  in  th^  way,  but  was  no  little  relieved  by 
the  son  rising  with  his  phite  in  his  hand,  anil 
coming  acrtiss  the  room,  saying  "  You  Ve  a 
prime  round  of  beef  there,  Sir ;  might  I 
trouble  you  for  some  ?  '* 

*^  By  all  means,"  Stiid  the  stran^r^  and 
caned  off  a  slice  of  thickness  and  diameter 
prop<ntioued  to  what  apijeared  to  him  the 
apjwtito  of  this  native  of  the  Peak.  Tliid 
six^eilily  dii^apix'ared  ;  aud  na  the  son  threw 
down  tiie  knife  and  fork,  the  sound  ouce  more 
roused  the  old  man,  w^ho  addtnl,  with  an  air 
of  increuied  anxiety,  "Joe,  lad,  thou  eats 
nothing." 

*'  No,  fayther,"  for  the  last  time  responded 
the  son.  "  I  towd  you  I  shouldn't.  It 's  this 
reen.  and  this  t'other  matter ; — but  I  've  done, 
ajii\  so  let  *s  go.'* 

The  father  aud  son  arose  and  went  out* 
Tlie  stranger  who  haii  witnessetl  this  extra- 
tad  it  uu'y  scene,  but  without  betraying  any 
anaisoment  at  it,  arose,  too,  the  moment  they 
i^losed  the  door  after  them,  luid,  acivancing  to 
the  window,  razed  fixedly  into  the  sti'eet 
Presently  the  father  and  sou,  in  their  great 
coats,  and  with  their  hnge  drab  umVn*ella 
hoisted  over  thein,  were  seen  prc»oeedin^  down 
the  market-place  iu  the  midst  of  the  still 
p^'uring  rain,  and  the  stranger  s  eyes  followed 
them  intently  till  they  dLsapfK«ared  iu  the 
wicdintj  of  the  street  He  still  stood  for 
some  time,  aa  li  m  ^«e^  ^iXisya.^V.,  *bsv\*0(\K^ 


HOITSEHOLD  WORDS. 


[CmIuhm  «r 


turning,  rung  the  bc-U,  orderetl  the  breakfoBt- 

tlvinga  troin  liJa  taM I  "  '^liioing  ji  wiiiM,.,. 

ciwo,  witc  down  to  v  -,.     He  «xiii 

wnt,il»L^    iviiiHiTi";   ;i'  .Is,    aihl    1" 

sU.  .'  hiiu  ua  in  deep  tlumght,  for 

aKi  I ,  wheu  the  door  ripprifi,  nini  the 

Peitk  luj  Jiiei  liiid  his  son  a^nl-  They 

weru  j«  Ui«»ir  wot  kjwl  «u«ru  *'r>nt<* 

The  old  niati  appeared  ] :" 

the  son  see  that  the  hor 

nil;     *V     ''     '^  1       »-     I    „  n_,,[   ,,, 

ll;i.  iull.  ho  < 

"Wli 

paneed,  shook  bis  heiul  li  v,  iuid  raut- 

lerod   to    himself,   "Ha.  —no   fellow 

feeling  I — all  over  I  all  over  ! "  AVith  a  stif)- 
preiwev:!  jTronii.  h«?  asnin  continued  Lis  pAcijis? 
ton. 

'1  I  broached  the  old  in&ii, 

iuni  h:\ui,  WHIT  .1  [K  iiiiuuly  s\'Tnpathiaing  tone, 

**  Excuse  me,  Sir,  but  you  s+eeui  to  hnve  Home 
ht'RV}'  trouble  on  your  mind  ;  I  should  be  gWl 
if  it  were  anything  tluit  were  in  my  power  to 
ttlleviiite." 

The  old  man  stopped  suddenly — ^looked 
■temlv  at  the  sti*ancer — j^ecme^i  to  recollect 
hitus«lf,  and  said  rather  sharrJy,  w  if  feeling 
an  unauthorised  freedom — "  Sir  ! " 

**  I  bee;  jMinlon,**  mud  the  8trang:er.  "  T  nm 
awjtre  that  it  must  seem  atrangc  in  me  to 
tiddr  tlma  ;  but  I  cyuinot  Imt  |>crccive 

th?ii  \'j  (iistiTssea  vou,  and  it  mis; lit 

jH:tii;:.i.'.j  t.^niiva  tliat  I  might  be  of  wa«  to 
you." 

Tlie  old  man  looked  at  him  for  some  time 
in  ailcnce,  and  then  Baid-^ 

"  I  forgot  any  one  waa  here ;  but  yon  can 
be  of  no  maiuier  of  use  to  nte.     I  thank  you." 

**  I  am  tmly  sorry  for  it ;  pray  excuse  my 
free<iom,"  5ai«l  the  stranger  with  a  slight  finish  ; 
**  but  I  am  an  American,  luid  we  are  more 
accu  '  '  ^  I  ask  aiid  commnnicate  matters 
tJiiii  at  with  English  reserve.    I  beg 

you  ...i.  J -a.  iuu  mc." 

"You  are  an  American?"  aaked  the  old 
man,  Uiokins'  at  him.  "  You  are  quite  a  stranger 

•*  Quite  ao.  Sir,**  replied  the  strwiger,  with 
some  little  embaiTiisanient,  "  1  wa«  once  in 
thia  counti'j'  before,  but  many  yearg  ago." 

Tlie  old  man  still  looked  at  Kim,  was  silent 
awhile,  and  then  ftaid — "  Von  cannot  help  me. 
Sir ;  but  I  thank  you  all  the  same,  and 
heartily.  You  aeem  really  a  very  feeling  man, 
juid  »t)  I  don't  mind  opening  irr  -r"  *  ».»  you — 
I  am  a  ruined  man.  Sir." 

'- 1  wi\s  sure  you  were  in  vt:j  ,     rouble, 

Sir,"  replied  tlie  stranger.  "  1  will  not  seek  to 
peer  into  your  affau-s ;  but  1  deeply  feel  for 
you,  and  would  say  that  many  trouDhjs  are  not 
6o  dct^p  as  they  seem.  I  would  hope  yours 
aw  not." 

'•  Sir,"  replied  the  old  man — ^the  tears  starts 
ing  into  his  erea — "  I  tell  you  I  am  a  ruined 
man,    I  am  heavily  behind  with  ray  rent, — 


all  my  stock  will  not  snuffic*  lo  pay  it ;  : 

Trw.ri.ir.-.  ir..  i.-,v..i .,  f-.  ..iitrcftt  then: 

ui.>t  h<iir  118 ;  bt 

*'  Tiiat  is  hard,  sm\i  the  stranger.  *  But 
l'o^l  arc  hale, — ^j'onr  i**:»n  ia  youn^ ;  yon  csui 
becrin  the  world  anew/* 

"  IV^win   the  world  nn^w  ! "  exclaimed  tbi 

!  :    ur.    •*  Wlicref— 

—then?  is  Dab»> 

iiiu'w  HI  tkll^  iiMiijiijt.     Til  "     '  '  ~ mm 

riiat  time  is  past  with   t  .ui 

■'     Oh,  OiKl?  Uh,  G*hI:     J;,J1 

I,  for  he  hrts  a  wife  mid  family, 
1  nithin^  hut  a^tout  a  farni/' 

'And  ihera  are  fknua  stilV*  nid  tfa« 
stiTUicer. 

"  \  es  ;  but  at  what  rentals  T— and,  thisB, 
where  is  the  capital  ?  " 

The  old  man  ^cw  d«  M  "        '  *  .  i1. 

*  In  this  country,"  s;i  ?i 

deep  ailcnoo,  "  1  bclievi:  tu-  d, 

but  in  mine  they  iii*o  not  so.    '  i  v 

old  man;  jjo  there,  and  a  i-- ^-v.  -^.af 

open  to  you. ' 

The  stranger  took  the  old  roan  »  hand  ten- 
derly ;  who,  on  feeling  the  strancer'a  gnvsp, 
suddenly,  convulaively,  caught  tlie  hand  tu 
both  his  own,  txnd  shedding  plentilHd  t4suri^ 
eiclMraed,  "  God  ble^s  you.  Sir :   God  bl< 


Ab  !  audi  kindn««t 
«untry%  but  I  feel  thnt 
icre  !— no,  no  ! — Uiere 

are  no  iniMiiH." 
i,"  said  the  stiimger, 

his  eye*»,  *•  are  very 


von   ! 

ifl 

it  i:v.'s  ni  y 

I  xhall  Miivei 

"Tho  V 
ti-ara,   »i 
FmalL     '<  iLild,  no  doubt 

*•  No,  no  I  "  iniemipteil  him  the  old  intix, 
deeply  amtatad ;  "  there  arc  no  friends-Hiot 
here." 

''Then  why  should  I  not  be  a  finend,  bo 
far  1 "  aaid  the  stranger.  **  I  ha>*e  means — I 
know  the  country.  1  nave  somehow  conoeiired 
a  deep  interest  in  your  misfortones.'' 

"  \  on  !  "  said  the  old  man,  as  if  bewildered 

Tilth  astonishment ;  *'  you  ! — but  come  along 

Mitli   us,  Sir,     Your   wonla,  your  kindneav, 

J  comfort  me ;  at  least  you  can  counsel  with 

118 — and  I  feel  it  does  me  good.'* 

"  I  win  go  witli  all  ray  heart,'*  said  thei 
strangea".  "Yon  cannot  live  far  from  hei^,  I 
will  hence  to  Manchester,  and  I  can,  doubt* 
leaa,  make  it  in  my  way," 

*  Exactly  in  the  way  !  '*  said  the  old  laaa, 
in  a  tone  of  deep  pleasure,  and  of  much  more 
cheerfulness,  "'at  La.st,  not  out  of  it  to  signify 
— though  not  in  the  great  highway.  We  con 
find  you  plenty  of  room,  if  you  do  not  diadoin 
our  humule  vehicle." 

"I  have  henvy  luggage,"  replied  the 
strancer,  ringing  the  uelL  "  I  will  have  a 
post-diaise,  mid  you  fchall  go  in  it  with  me. 
It  will  suit  vou  better  this  wet  day," 

'M:)hno!'l  cannot  think  of  it.  Sir,"  anid 
the  faiTner.  *'  I  fear  no  ndn.  I  am  used  to 
it,  and  I  am  neither  sogar  nor  salt.  I  studJ 
not  melt." 


THE  WABILOWS  OF  WELLAKD. 


15 


TIm  cthi  man*B  son  apfiroticbed  BinmltADe' 
otttlv  thlU  th**  wjiitcrr  to  «aj  that  tho  r--' 
1fm«'  Kuidy.     llic   stnuigcr  ordered   n   y 

ehaia*!  tOftCCOlUpJUiy  tin'  Iti  line    -Lr    vs.J.i.1i 

•on  itloM  wiUi  an  o, 

Htiiiv.  w!ilo!i  -wcnild  h' 

o'  I  ut  dill  uot  move  u  muacie  of 

1*  ive  and  kiudly  (tux. 

I'rKman  will  go  vfUh  xim,^ 

a.  Sir  r*  soiil  the  son,  tsiking 
«)  tnAldng  li  law  bow,  "yoit  sat 

h  ic^niMS ;    bol    il  tf  *  ]>oor  place, 


lijiiMl   llixkt^*'   MAid    tk6  old 

off  AD'i  t^U  MiUioeot  to  get  some 

^jat«^i  that  the  old  man 
t^i  apaiij  him  ill  the  chaije, 

mjid  **j  tlii;  soil  Walked  t»ff  to  i>rej>are  for  their 
OoawJTii;.       Soon   the   stnuigt-rs  ininka   were 
'^  the  chjuflc,  md  the  old 


priiitchiHl  a 
Wf>fwl   th:i 


ritU'-c-s.     I'll 
troop  »jf  1 1 ' 

hi  ■ 


pUov<' 


'-'n.ta  time  along  f*^'* 

uin)Hl  off  to 

irseiipa  vaJJey  i..i 

road,  which  wound 

hill,  and  then  ap- 

H  liouse,  backed  by 

>ni  the  north  and 

inenae  view,  chiefly 

lating  fielda,  intei*- 

.  other  house  was 

at    several    miles 

'^' •  TJphtnda,  were 

for  &  gontle- 

'  neatly  kept 

shrtibberiea ; 

A  aix>iuid 

vims  and 

ti  about    A 

e  in  tlie  field 

I'peared. 

ujT^r  ob- 

h  •  v-ked 

;  ern 

ii     ^  I  .  .  .  . .-.  f,H?. 

Tlio    Btone    lioars    were    worn,   tav\ 

•iui"1<h1.     The  nxttn   into  which   lie    v 

ductoii,  ao< '. 

for  dinner, 

oa'^pctcd  fl'Xjr  II 

ochre  andpij)e-< ' 

mcAgrp  amount  ui  n\.  iry 

04kk  tjibles,  A  little  fili  :ua- 

tiAca,  and  a  yvllow-fi*c-t...x...r,.r..    ^i.  -.i.i...L.y  and 

tbod-luuking  loaid-dervaal  vaa  all  the  do« 

lUtfAticw  H^n  witliin  or  without. 

Joe,  the  simple-looking  boh,  receivcil  them, 
atstl  the  only  ubject  which  Memed  to  give  a 
chorrin^  imni>eaaiou  to  the  atran^r,  wa* 
Joo'a  wtfev  *'Ho  present^]  hfrvlf  wit-h  ;i  deep 
eortsey.    Tbegoeatxv;  her 

«  vtry  eojiwly,  freeh  r.|y 

•tumble  vomau,   who    rv  l*iv..j    mm   with   a 
IdfSiIly  caniiAJitj  and   oUive   grace,  which 


table  was  ;d ready  hud 

)\y  in  hftviri'^'  the  un- 

ting 

ha 


made  him  wonder  how  such  a  woman  ccmid 

V . .  .   allied  heraelf  t^  ench  a  mwi.    There 

lour   or    five    children   ivl>oat   her.  all 

rlv   wr^slM'd  and   put  into  their   he*t 

nnd   who  were  picturet  of 

Mn*.  A\  ai-ilt>\v  tcHjk  off  the  old  man's  grcftt 
coat  with  an  affectionate  attention,  and  drew 
hia  plain  elbow  chair  with  a  coehion  oovcred 
witli  a  large-patterned  check  on  ita  nuth 
bottom,  towards  th£  fire ;  for  thei^  waa  a  fire, 
and  that  quite  acceptable  in  tlds  cjild  refrioti 
aiter  the  heavy  rain.  Dinner  was  lueu 
haatUy  brought  in ;  Mn.  Wariiow  apologising 
f<ir  itii  aimpticity,  from  the  short  notice  she 
hod  received^  and  she  might  have  added  from 
the  }>aiiiful  news  which  Joe  brought  with 
him ;  ibr  it  was  very  evident,  though  she 
had  Bought  to  efface  the  trace  of  it,  by  copions 
waslking,  that  she  had  been  weeping. 

The  old  man  was  obvionaly  expressed  by 
the  ill  remit  of  his  morning's  journey  to  the 
steward^  and  the  position  of  lus  ai&iiB.  His 
i.MV'hter-iudaw  cast  occasional  looks  of  aifeC' 
e  anxiety  at  him,  and  e&deavoured  to 
....,  him  in  such  a  manner  aa  to  induce  hmi 
to  cat ;  but  appetite  he  had  little,  Joe 
played  \m  part  aa  raliiintiy  an  in  the  morning ; 
and  the  old  man  occasionally  rouslujg  from 
his  reverie,  again  renewed  the  observation  of 
the  breakfiuil- table. 

''  Joe,  lad,  thou  cnta  nothiug  ;**  adding  too 
now,  **Milly,  my  dear,  tlwu  eats  DOining. 
Yon  cat  nothingr,  Sir.  None  of  you  have  any 
appetite,  and  I  liave  none  uiyaell  God 
help  me  !'' 

An  ordinarr  stranger  would  scarcely  have 
i^esisted  a  soiile — ^i 
of  the  guest 

After  dinner  they  drew  to  tlie  fire,  which 
consisted  of  lai-ge  lumps  of  coal  burning 
under  a  huge  beamed  chimney.  There  a  little 
table  was  set  with  spirits  .md  home-made 
wine,  and  the  old  man  and  Joe  Ht  their  pipes, 
inviting  the  stranger  to  joiD  them,  which  he 
did  with  right  good  will.  There  was  little 
oonvenadon,  however  \  Joe  soon  said  that 
he  must  go  over  the  lands  to  see  that  the 
;vttle  was  all  right ;  he  did  moj^u,  and  even 
>le^t  in  his  chair,  and  the  stranger  proposed 
bo  Mm  Wariiow  a  walk  in  the  garden^  where 
the  afternoon  sim  was  now  shining  warmly. 
In  lus  drive  hither  in  the  cliais<f,  he  tnu.L 
learned  the  exact  position  of  the  old  fiuTaer. 
He  was,  as  he  hayd  observed,  so  heavily  in 
arre&r  of  rent,  that  his  whole  stock  would 
not  discharge  it.  When  they  hruJ  suated 
themselves  in  the  oM  arViour,  he  communi- 
cated his  proposal  to  her  father-in-law  to 
remove  to  America ;  observing,  that  he  had 
c«>u6eived  so  c^reat  a  sympathy  for  him,  tliat 
he  would  readily  advance  him  the  means  of 
conveying  over  the  whole  fiunily. 

Mrs,  Wariiow  was  naturally  mnch  nur^ 
prise*  1  at  the  diaclo«ure.  Such  an  offer  from  a 
casual  stran^r^  when  all  frienda  and  family 


-mme  appeared  on  the  faee 


HOrSEHOLD  WORDS. 


I 


tations  for  niit,  was  aom*?tliinL'  ^o  iinproUiljle 
that  she  couM  not  renliiie  it.  '"  How  can  you^ 
Sir,  a  stranger  to  U8,  valurUeer  so  large  ii  sum, 
which  we  mny  never  l>e  iu  a  poBition  to 
repAV  1 " 

Tlie  etj*anger  assured  her  that  the  ffum  was 
by  no  meaijfl  large,  Thnt  to  him  it  was  of 
little  cou«t'qti£Hcc»,  tuid  tliat  snch  waa  the  ficope 
tor  hidii8trj'  and  agiicultural  skill  in  Amcrioa, 
that  in  a  few  yeans  they  could  readily  refund 
the  nxmey.  Here,  fi'om  what  the  old  g:eutle- 
iiifln  had  told  him  of  the  new  aujipiieDted  rate 
of  TCTital,  there  wajs  no  chjuiee  of  rticovoriug  a 
coi^dition  of  ease  and  oomtVjrt. 

Mrs,  Warilow  Beemetl  to  think  deeply  on 
th^  new  idea  preaented  to  her,  and  then  said, 
"Purely  G<h1  had  sent  ilr.  Vandeleur  (so  the 
strniiger  had  given  his  name),  for  their  de- 
liverance. Oh,  Sir  !  '*  added  she,  "  what  shall 
we  not  owe  you  if  bv  your  means  we  can  ever 
arnvu  at  freedom  trom  the  wTetched  trouble 
tliat  now  weighs  us  down.  And  oh  1  if  my 
pwr  father  t<lifjuld  ever, in  that  countrj^  meet 
again  his  lost  son  I — '' 

**  He  hajB  lost  a  s^jn  1 "  said  the  stiuiger, 
in  a  tone  of  deep  feeling, 

"  All,  it  ia  a  wvd  thing.  Sir,'*  contmued  3ti*8. 
Warilow,  '*  but  it  is  that  which  preys  on 
father's  mind.  He  thinks  he  did  wrontj  in  it, 
and  he  believes  that  the  blessing  of  Heaven 
has  deserted  him  ever  since.  Sure  enouch, 
nothing  has  prospered  with  him,  and  yet  ue 
feels  that  if  tlie  young  man  li^'es  he  has  not 
been  blaineleas.  He  bad  not  felt  and  forgiven 
»8  a  son  should.  But  he  cannot  be  living — ^no, 
he  cannot  for  all  these  yeara  have  V»om  resent- 
ment, and  sent  no  part  of  his  love  or  hia 
forti»ne  to  his  fannly.  It  ia  not  in  the  heart 
of  a  child  to  do  that,  except  in  a  ver)'  evil 
nature,  and  snch  was  not  that  of  thia  eon," 

"  Pray  go  on,"  said  the  stranger,  "  you 
interest  me  deeply." 

"Thia  thing  occurred  twenty  years  ngo. 
Mr,  Warilow  luid  two  aona.  The  eldest,  Sami uel, 
wiyj  a  tine  active  youth,  but  always  with 
a  turn  for  travel  and  adventure,  which 
was  very  tiring  to  his  father^a  mind,  who 
would  have  his  sona  nettle  down  in  this  their 
native  neighbourhood,  and  pursue  farming  as 
their  ancestors  had  always  done.  But  his 
eldest  son  wished  to  go  to  sea,  or  to  Anierica. 
He  reail  a  vast  dead  about  that  country  of 
winter  nights,  and  was  alwaY's  talking  of  the 
fine  life  that  might  tie  led  there.  This  wjis 
vei'y  annoying  to  hia  father,  ixxid  matle  him 
very  augr>%  the  more  so  that  Josenh,  the 
younger  son,  was  a  weakly  lad,  and  had  sorae- 
ibing  left  up<.m  him  by  a  severe  fever,  as 
a  boy,  that  seemed  to  weaken  his  limbs  and 
Ida  mind.  People  thought  he  wouJd  be 
an  uiiot,  and  his  father  thought  that  Ins  eldest 
brother  ahouUl  stay  and  talte  care  of  him,  for 
it  was  believetl  that  he  would  never  be  able 
to  take  care  of  himself.  But  this  did  not  seem 
to  weigh  'with  Samuel.  Youths  full  of  life  and 

rit  don't  suliiciently  consider  such  things, 
then  it  was  thought  that  Samuel  imagined 


that  his  father  canjd  notldng  for  liim,  and 
c'lre*!  only  for  the  p<.»or  weakly  non.  Ho 
might  bo  a  little  je^dous  of  this*,  an* I  tliat 
feeling  once  getting  into  people,  makes  them 
see  things  dillferent  to  what  they  othrrwiso 
would,  and  do  UiingB  that  else  tliey  wouhl 
not, 

"  Tnie  enough,  the  father  w.i«  always  piw^ 
ticularly  wn^pped  up  in  Joseph.  He  seemeJ 
to  feel  that  he  needed  especial  care,  and  he 
[  appeared  to  watch  over  him  and  never  hare 
I  bun  out  of  his  mind,  and  he  dm's  so  to  thi« 
d;iy.  You  have  no  doubt  remarked,  Sir,  that 
my  husl»{i!id  is  peculiar.  He  never  got  over 
that  attack  in  his  boyhood,  and  ho  atterwardi 
grew  very  rapitUy,  and  it  was  thought  h* 
would  have  gone  off  in  a  consumption.  It  is 
generally  believed  that  he  is  not  quit**  sharp 
m  all  tldng(*,  I  speak  freely  to  yi*ii,  8ir,  and 
as  long  habit,  and  knowing  before  1  marrieij 
Joseph  what  was  thought  of  iiini^  only  rotdtl 
enable  me  to  speak  to  one  who  feels  so  kindly 
tow.ards  us.  But  it  is  not  m — Joseph  is  mora 
simple  in  appearance  than  in  reality.  No, 
Sir,  he  has  a  deal  of  sense,  and  he  has  n  very 
good  heart ;  and  it  was  because  I  perccivea 
this  that  I  was  iftiiting  to  marry  lum,  and  to 
be  a  true  help  to  liim,  ami,  £>ir,  though  wft 
have  be**n  very  unfortunate,  I  have  never 
repentetl  it,  and  I  never  shall." 

The  stranger  took  Mrs.  Warilow**  haiid^ 
nreased  it  fen  ently,  and  said,  **  1  honour  yoir^ 
Madam — deeply,  tinily — pray  go  on.  Tho 
eldest  son  left,  you  say.'* 

**  Oh  yes,  Sir  !  Their  mother  diet!  when  the 
Iwys  were  alxiut  fifteen  and  seventeen.  Samuel 
had  always  been  strongly  attached  to  hi« 
mother,  and  that,  no  doubt,  kept  him  at  home  ^ 
but  after  that  he  was  more  restless  than  ever> 
and  begged  the  father  to  give  him  money  to 
carry  himself  to  America.  The  father  refused. 
They  grew  mutually  angry ;  and  one  day, 
when  they  had  bad  high  words,  the  &thei' 
thought  Samuel  was  disrespectful,  and  stnick 
him.  The  yoimg  man  had  a  proud  spirit. 
That  was  more  than  he  could  b«5ar.  He  did 
not  utter  a  word  in  reply,  but  turning,  walkwi 
out  of  the  houist^',  and  from  that  hour  has 
never  once  been  beai-trl  of, 

**  Hia  father  was  very  jmgry  with  him,  and 
for  many  years  never  spoke  of  him  but  with 
great  bitterness  and  i-esentment,  calling  him 
an  unnatural  and  uugmteiul  son.  But  ot 
late  years  he  has  softened  very  much,  and  I 
can  see  that  it  pm's  on  liis  mind,  and  aa 
things  have  gone  againnt  him,  he  has  conic  to 
think  that  it  h  a  judgment  on  him  for  hid 
hardness  and  nnreasouablenejis  in  not  letting 
the  poor  boy  try  hia  fortmie  as  he  so  ycarneS 
to  do. 

**  Since  I  have  been  in  the  family,  I  have 
led  him  by  degrees  to  talk  on  this  subfectj 
and  have  endeavottre<l  to  comfort  liim,  telling 
him  he  had  meant  well,  and  since,  he  had  seen 
the  thing  in  a  different  UghL  Ah,  Sir  !  how 
differently  we  see  things  when  our  heat  of 
mind  ia  gone  over,  and  the  old  home  heart 


»t}te*Mi*.i 


THE  AVARILOWS  OF  WELLAND. 


17 


Iv  !•  in  ns  again.    But,  since  he  bos 

i3  A  rt'pented  of  it,  Grod  cauDot  con- 

ti  ,  ajid  so  that  eanuot  be  the 

c,.  in  fort  line*.     No,  Hi  IV  I   don't 

-EMiL    things    have  altet'efl  \'ery 
le  reai-a  iu   this  conntrv.      The 
vi^   .a  thifl  Teak  couiitrj-  used  t«»  bo  let 
low,  ver>'  low  indeed  ;   and   now  they 
\^  been  three   eeveral  times  vaJueil  aod 
nused  eiuce  I  can  remember.     People  cannot 
livf  t'rn  them  now,  tliey  reAlly  cannot.    Tlien 
tl  i-^ii,   as    farming    grew   bad, 

fty  I  tiun*«'5,  find  that  waa  much 

wor^.  ,  ho  did  not  m  '  1  it,  and  was 

Borv^ly  imp*)8ed  on,  au <  *v er  of  money; 

oh!  «o  mn  '    "^    '        <-  ;t  uhmtv  to  think  of- 
TbeiJ,  as  tt  >  say,  fly  like  crows  in 

e^v, ......;..-  n   very  wot  gnmraer, 

:.i  ileiL    Tliat  put  a 

tl:  ,  lie  was  obliged  to 

qnic  the  old  tanu  where  the  Warilows  hjid 
be*»ii  fi^r  ftiy-^,  and  thivt  hurt  him  cruelly — ^it 
i^  1 1  trees,  shifting  old  people  is 

*-  ^^  to  the  new  soiL 

i  reuiely  knowing  in 

v:  .rm— it 's  a  grent 

.  rrr-vvH  liimdi*ed  acres,  and 

You  would  not  b<'lieve  it, 

*iiiK  i>Tii'  man  on  this  faim 

h 

1  the  stranger. 
*^  Ah»  Sir,  very,  but  that  we  don't  mind — 
Irttt   it  ia  a  great  burden^  it  does  not  pay, 
>^nt  A8  to  the  lost  aon.     I  came  to  per- 
•w  Borely  tliia  sat  on  father's  mind,  by 
that  whenever  I  used  to  read  in  the 
>Ie,  on  the  shelf  in  the  house-placej 
t*    '   ■■'  '*'   'elf  At  the  Prodigal 

Bon.  and  bo  I  watched, 

luiil  I  ...■'  ..   the  old  gentleman 

rea*!  in  it  <  -,  he  waa  always  looking 

there.    It  >*  ume  l»efore  I  veutnre+l  to 

ipeok  about  it  j  but,  one  day  when  father  was 
wonderitig  what  could  liave  been  SaraueFa 
&tc,  I  «ud,  ^Perhapa,  father,  he  wdll  still 
oonj«?  home  like  the  Prodigal  S4:>n  in  the 
&  uid  if  he  does  well  kill  the  fisitted 

c  1,  and  no  one  will  rejoice  in  it 

tiiDre  vniiv  than  Joseph  will.'" 

*'  When  X  had  aaia  it,  I  x^'iahed  I  had  not 
•aid  it — for  lather  e^eemod  struck  as  with  a 
et&ke.     He  went  a^   pale  as  death,   and   I 
thou  ell  t  he  would  fall  down  in  a  fit ;  but^  at 
Imt,  be  burst  into  a  torrent  of  tears,  and, 
«<tn™tchTng  out  his  amuL  said, — *  And  if  he 
ane  he  '11  find  a  fiither's  arm«  open  to 
.  iiim.* 
'•  Ah,  Sir  I  it  was  hard  work  to  comfort  him 
sgiun.     I  thought  he  wcmld  never  have  got 
over  it  j^gain  ;  but,  after  that,  he  l>e^an  at 
tkacn  U)  f^jxeak  of  Samuel  to  me  of  hmiselfi 
and  w  v'^  I'd  a  deal  of  talk  together  about 
him.  ^  tjither  thinks  he  ia  deail, 

•aid  .*?•  lie  thiidcs  he  ia  not ;  and,  true 

enoughf  of  late  yeara,  there  have  come  flying 
nimoura  from  America,  fi'om  i >eople  who  have 
gone  out  there,  who  have  said  they  have  seen 


him  there — and  that  he  was  a  very  great 
gentleman— they  w^ere  sure  it  w^n  him,  But 
then  there  was  always  sometiii  tidu 

in  the  account,  and,  above  all,  1  he 

never  could  believe  that  Samiui  wttjs  u  great 
gcntlt?nmu,  and  yet  never  could  fftrgive  an 
angry  blow,  and  write  home  thntugrh  tdl  theae 
yeara.  Tliese  things,  Sii',  pull  the  old  man 
down,  and,  what  with  his  other  trouble:;, 
make  me  tremble  to  look  forward." 

Mtb,  Warilow  stopped^  for  she  wa»  soT' 
prised  to  hear  a  deep  srunpresaed  sob  from 
the  stranger;  and,  turning,  she  aaw  him 
sitting  with  hia  handkerchief  before  his  fiuie. 
Strange  ideaa  shot  across  her  mind.  But  at 
this  moment  the  old  farmer,  having  finished 
his  afWr-dinner  nap,  wa-i  coming  out  to  seek 
them.  Mr.  Vandeleur  rose,  wiped  some  tears 
from  his  fice,  and  thanked  Mra.  Warilow  for 
her  communication.  **  You  cannot  imagine/' 
he  said,  with  much  feeling,  "  how  deeply  you 
have  touched  mc.  You  cannot  believe  liow 
much  what  you  have  sfdd  re$enibleH  inculents 
in  my  own  life.  Depend  uiion  it.  Madam, 
vour  brother  will  turn  tip.  I  feel  stixingly 
incited  to  help  in  it.  We  will  have  a  seai-ch 
after  him,  if  it  l>e  from  the  St.  Lawrence  to 
the  Red  River.  If  he  lives,  ho  will  he  found  ; 
and  I  feel  a  persuasion  that  he  will  be." 

Thev  now  met  the  old  man,  and  all  walked 
into  tlio  house.  After  tea,  there  was  much 
talk  of  AmerifVi.  Mr.  Vandeleur  rebte<l 
many  things  in  his  own  history.  He  drew 
such  pictures  of  American  life,  and  iarming. 
and  hunting  in  the  woods ;  of  the  growth  of 
new  families,  and  the  prosperous  lutundance 
in  which  the  jieople  lived  ;  that  all  were 
extremely  interested  in  his  account.  Joe  sate 
devouring  the  story  with  wonder,  luxuriating 
especially  in  the  idea  of  those  immense  herds 
of  cattle  in  the  prairies ;  and  the  old  man 
even  declared  that  there  he  should  Uke  to  go 
and  lay  his  bones.  "Perhaps,"  added  he, 
"there  I  should,  some  day,  find  again  my 
Sam.  But  no,  he  must  he  dead,  or  he  would 
have  written.  Many  die  in  the  swamps  and 
from  fever,  don*t  they,  Sir  ? " 

"  Oh !  many,  many,"  said  Mr.  Vandeleiu-, 
"and  yet  there  are  often  as  miraculous  re- 
coveries. For  many  yeara  I  was  a  Govern- 
ment Surveyor.  It  was  my  business  to  survey 
new  tracts  for  sale.  I  was  the  soUtary 
pioneer  of  the  population  ;  with  a  single 
man  to  carry  my  chain,  and  to  aaoist  me  In 
cutting  a  path  through  the  dense  woods, 
I  lived  in  the  woods  lor  years,  for  months 
seeing  no  soul  btit  a  few  wandering  Indians. 
Sometimes  we  were  in  peril  from  jealous  and 
savage  squatters  ;  sometimes  were  compelled 
to  flee  before  the  monster  grisly  bear.  I  have 
a  strange  fascinating  feeling  now  of  those 
days,  and  of  our  living  for  weeks  in  the  great 
caves  in  the  White  Mountains,  since  become 
the  r^ort  of  summer  tourists,  with  the  glo- 
rious 'Notch*  glittering  opposite,  far  above 
us,  and  above  the  ancient  woods.  These 
were  days  of  real  baxdaA\i>^,M\d  ^%  o^^  m«w 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


tights  of  aad  sorrow,  Farailir-  ^:— r  ii^^^j. 
W*y  to  disUtct  and  wild  Uh-u  lered 

ajid  iti  l>y  t!i'  luuicQoafi 

iwn.it  I  irrialunji^v  ^i^uadofUin 

nil  aloue  in  the  wikltTiicsji, 

*'  All  !  I  rw HRiiibta*  now  ouc  oj«e — it  Ib 
nearly  twenty  years  ago.  V>ut  I  twvcr  i'nu 
forget  it.  It  w;i5  a  jomig,  thin  mail — lie  eould 
Bcwcely  b<»  twenty.  He  bad  l»c<*ii  lel\>  \>y  \um 
pari}'  iu  the  List  eta^ti  of  fcv«r.  They  hnd 
roiivd  a  (slight  bun:'-     '  n   bu^be^   over 

him»  and  ]»bM':«'d  a  |  "11  of  wAter  by 

his  side^  and  n  brok  .i  —  ,,;.  to  holp  hiiua4^Lr 
with  ;  bnt  hi<  wn^  tij<»  vvi.'ak,  mul  \m»  fiifit 
aiuking  tha"e  all  alone  iji  that  vaal  wildciucas. 
The  {>al(;iiess  of  doath  ajux-ared  iu  lii^sunktu 
features,,  tlie  feeblene*i6  uf  death  in  hi*,  wiwUsd 
limbiii.  He  wa»  a  youth  who,  like  uxiaiy 
others,  hafl  left  his  frienda  In  £uroy>e,  and 
now  hmgtd  to  hi-t  tliem  kuow  his  ind.  He 
suminoritil  LLa  fiiiliiii^  |x»wera  to  ^ive  me  a 
sAcitHl  iiiesange.  lie  lueiitioued  the  place 
whence  he  last  cam*?/* 

"  Where  wiis  it  /"  *  \i>1  urn**d  the  old  man, 
iu  a  toi»«  «*f  wild  i%  '  Where — whi^t 

waa  it?     It  muHt  U  ;  *' 

**No,  Ui&t  could  not  U«,  '  tijiid  tlie  8trMi;5or, 
utaillod  by  the  old  mau'«  eniotiou  ;  **  it  wiw 
not  thi«  plixvL — it  wu« — I  rei»it'inl>or  it — it  w.w 
aaotlier  name — WoU — Well — W^dloiid  was 
the  plaofc," 

Tile  i>ld  ni;in  iravo  a  cry,  and  wouM  have 
failcu  from  his  '  ■•  *  it  the  stranger  apiniiig 
forward  and  in  hi8  arma.     Thene 

wfi3  ii  niuiiitii:      --. u,  broken   only  by  a 

det'p  i^roAU  t'rjni  the  old  man,  and  a  low  mur« 
mur  trrmi  his  lipa — "  Yea  I  I  knew  it — he 
la  dead!** 

**  No,  no  f  he  is  not  dciwl ! "  cried  the 
stranger — "  he  Uvea  ;  ho  reoovered !  ** 

"  Wliere  ib  he  thmi  I— Where  is  my  Sam  1 — 
let  me  kjiowl" — cried  the  old  man,  recovuritig 
and  standing  wihlly  uj) — *' I  must  see  hiiu  ! 
I  lutwt  t<>  him  I  " 

"  Father  !  —  father  I— it  is  Sam  !  "—cried 
liifl  son  Joe — ''  1  know  hiin  ! — I  luiow  him  I 
— thvi  ia  he  ! " 

**  Where  ?— who  t  *'  exchumed  the  father, 
looking  round  bewildered. 

"Here  I  "  aaid  tii«  Strang, kneelLug  before 
the  old  man,  and  et».sping  his  hanrl,  and 
Iqithing  it  with  teaiB.  "  klari^.  father,  is  your 
lost  ami   :  '      son.     Fatiier  ! — ^I  return 

like  the  1  >iu    '  I  hare  aluued  before 

Heaven  a.K.  m  i..i>  ajghtj  make  me  as  one  of 
thy  hii^isl  acr^imtft/  " 

The  old  man  clai4pt»d  hi*  son  in  his  arma, 
and  thev  wept  in  aiknce. 

But  Joe  was  impatient  to  embrace  lua  re> 
covered  brotlK^r,  and  he  gave  him  a  hue  as 
vigorous  as  one  of  thoae  grisly  liears  Uiat 
Sfun  hati  mentitjnetl.  '*  Ah  !  Siim !  *' — he  said 
— "  how  I  hav»*  wautwi  thee,  but  I  always  sivw 
thee  a  Rlini  cbup,  nueh  as  thou  went  away — 
and  now  thou  art  twice  as  big,  and  twice  as 
oUi,  and  yet  1  knew  thee  by  thy  ejea." 


"« 


The  two  brother^  ^  "^-Hy  «inbni«M, 

the  returned    war.  •  nnbnMBiad 

comely  sister  alTeci    _, ,  and  wdd^  •* 

hari  nearly  found  me  out  in  the  jr:irde«." 
"  Ah,  whnt  a  BUu'l-Ie  yon  frnw  me !  *' 

r»*plied,  w)pin){  iiway  her  Usay&,  "  lnU  ' ' 

so  unexjK'etvd,  so  hear«nh*/*    Slit*   r 

and  returniti^  with  the  wfndo  it 

cliildrcn,  »aid,  "There,  Utcrc  is 

hxt  UMcle  1 '' 

Tile    nneie    caught    them   up, 

another,  and  kissed  them  niptitf  i 
'*  Do  you  know,"  aaid  thf     i      i   ;    1 

her  lumd  on  the  head  of  the  •  i 

roey-kiokiu^j   felh»w,  "  wl^t   : 

It  19  Sttnuiel  Wtiriluw  !     W  « 

thn  ou«  i\ml  was  :ivvav." 

"  lie  will  tind  Jtnothfr  Sainnr!  in  Atni^netw' 

Siiid  his  um-le,  again  ftuateh is 

a.  Joe,  and  a  ThomUis,  tlie  gl :! 

My   UeB3e<i   mother  thert*   Jiws   ;<^';nn 

lovely  biHe-eye<l  giil  ;   and  should  G*jd 

nie  aaoUivr  daughter^  there  ahall  be  a 

cent,  too  I  '* 

MeanCiioe   the   old  man  stood  Raaoj 
I  satiably  un  his  son.     "  Ah,  Sam  3  '*  said 
|as  his  son  again  turned,  and  t<3(tk  hi<«  h.i 
\  "  I  Wtts  very  hard  to  thee,  and  y*  '• 
,  iHjiin  liurd  to  lis  too.     Thou  art  i  >  > 

:uwl,  wifh  uU  our  name*  graJiWd  on  iic\s  j*Uj 
I  tiiou  never  wrote  to  us,     U  wob  not  welL" 

•*  No,  father,  it  was  not  weJL     1  ackuow- 
1  ledge  my  fault — ^ruy  great  fault  ;  but  Ust  we 

jufil*'^     V1--H'.      I   ne\^*r    forgut    •    ":    ^^nt 

for  n-4  I   w»s  a  waiuh  I  '« 

'  uiif..   ^ -   laan.     My  iiriilc  \v. 


UH3  ftcml  imd^'r  IbeRo  < 

who  had   nlwa^'s  aiad   I'l 

beggary  afid  shame.     Ea4>um;  lue,  Utat  i  tu«u- 

tkm  these  hnrd  words.     My  pride  wna  alvva>'« 

great ;  and  those  words  Iiaunted  nte. 

**  But  at  length,  when  Pruvidunee  hanA 
Metsed  me  greatly^  I  could  enikue  it  no 
koiger,  I  dtftermined  to  e>»meanl  snttk  W* 
givencna   and    rceonoilintiim  ;    nn<L,   tiod    ito 

{iraLntsd  1  I  Imve  found  lM»(h.  We  will  uwar 
lome  together,  father.  1  ha\*c  weal 1 1 1  1 1  \ m id 
all  my  wjints  and  wishes ;  luy  j.  y 

will   be  to  bestow  sume  of  it  on  iV 

early  profuasion  of  a  sur\-eyor  gavo  me  gii^Mt 
opportimitiGs  of  perceiving  where  the  tide  of 
populatiofi  would  diret't  itself,  and  protwrtjr 
consequently  rise  i:apidly  in  value.  1  tavr»- 
fore  purchased  vast  tnicts  for  simll  suiusi, 
which  are  now  thickly  m»ople<l,  *uid  my 
possessions  ai^  iuimenrie.  I  am  n  meudicr  of 
Congress,  The  next  day,  the  1  wo  bruth«r» 
drove  over  to  Bakewell,  whei^  Joe  liad  the 
aaiiafactioii  to  see  the  whole  arrears  j>aid 
down  to  the  ajstotdtihetl  steward,  on  eoudition 
that  ho  gave  an  instant  release  from  the  farm  ; 
and  Joe  or<lered,  at  the  aiJCtione4!r\  large 
]x«sters  to  be  placonled  in  all  the  towns  and 
villages  of  the  Peak,  and  advertisements  to 
be  inserted  in  all  the  principal  papers  of  the 
Midland  Couiitios,  of  the  sale  of  hia  etock 
that  day  fortnight* 


OmnXJB  AND  LIBERTY. 


10 


.1  U»*t  it  •iild  well,  I 
;  WellanJ,  aii J  more  i 
I'  :inu,  art  do^v  ''         ' 
ujore  plefiaant  A\ 

• '  n  ci.'rt*un   liLH.  i>.i. i. 
,  elltj*  BGCss  bi^h  ifik  ii  i 
._  ,  on  Uke  lefl  Lxiik  of 

;  ft*  The    8i-eamer    ofipronchw*  the 
M(>\uitiiinA.  Thei"«  live  the  Warilows, 
>  on  the  rich  filapen  that  ltt>  Vrchiiid 
tis,  aud  in  riciher  meadows,  inii'- 
l»v  forests  and  other  hills,  rovu  tlie 
tl'  herda  of  Jo<i  ;   &jjd   there  comes 
when  the  Sewion  at  Washington 
sdrrouiided  by  »tm»  and  Dephcwa, 
^,]   «  .,j.    ..,  .1    ^hoot«  the   hill- 
nnd  tilt  tuother  comely 

•lOimewlmi  it  tine  with  the 

OOUMly    «ad  nent,    the 

III  ;  aud  A 

•ic**  *ui  llio  ciu'|>et  at  their 

of  Welhuid  all  bleas  the 

t  lie  one  of  ohl,  caaie 

lather,  ruid  made  the 

?iii  b.  utiiL  grow  young  ii|gaui  with  joy. 


GEKrUS  Am)  IJBEltTV. 


pleuf 

ucd  Tua  thjeuon. 
'ure  and  Archi- 


I  *'  rty ; 

P  '■  v-'^'  hir, 

j       praisco.  'w  tidnjUB  have  heen  «o 

'      mtif?!   Tvi  I  I   or  abuYMML,  f>r  have  »o 

i  iiji*.le  H  t;li>ak  for  unworthy  de«i|^Tia. 

^  V  ! — lirtw  mr^tiy  frimeB  have   btt  n 

i  the    luottniful 

<  \  ^       i;  I    mxd    eift^'d 


'  he  recent 

Ktrtion  betwcM:  rid  geohiii 

forcfd  nor  h  It  is  no 

n  of  the  '  iitter 

'nee  At  th  Sun- 

.1)1  i  to  the  Uuwcr  limn 

-»f  L'cnius.    "WitlmtiL 

ionro«  I 
iniTid  vb,  „.  , 

liistfjiri*  provr>  eintion — 

of  nalioh  Lial  to  Ihi 

ivfUt  v{  jy^liiuB ;  that  jcreninB  t 
up  Iwit  where  there  exists  priu 
*y  aiid  the  self-inspect  of  the  fi-eeuiiiu  ; 
that^  where  existiiif,  it  never  am-vivea 
extinction.  Lft  um  transport  ourselves 
two  thouftand  years,  and  take  a  picture 
Ihr  aiinals  of  ^ :  '    -  •     ' 

,  howfver  fiui  i 

art  whir''  ^  .-  ;.  ,, ,  v  »-i 

Lomer  a-  uirte  whence  it 

le  ;ujii  I 
Serene  beneuitli  ;t  .  ii,  wvlden 

tjie   H£;ht   i.f  A  II  vvc  behold 

Atheua,  nwiiiujl  with  ieiu^iA«  and  tliitiieB, 


smiling   f  .^ujumit  of  her  Acropotia 

u^xtU    th-  J    vratei9   of  tlie    Bay   of 

".  Viriiid,  .'Hill  iinuij^  ujto  her  c-!    •  ■    "    l\  dkloa 
<'*nsaxid  sh.n{)e«  of  daz^li  Ou 

■  .1      ' •  '  • 'd  summit,  v,j,  u.i.  .ii.^  iioUo 

wnl  I  ^>ii,  Aspasia  and  the  gnu^ 

liod  i  _  -  aie  gazing  in  nJiiilvuimn 

on   the   m-itdiiii;!^    stfitut*  uf  Mii 

pUiced  on  it^  i^edtFtal  ;  -ivljif^-  Vuir  ^ 

Phidia.<*,  '.  kitt 

newly  co: 

the  Vir^' 

— Itifitlr 

tecture. 

Yonder  the  lively,  imprewible  Atheniauaiir© 
pouring  at  mid -day  from  the  oj >'  ■  ^  '^  ^  of  the 
Thfiitn',  >viLh  heart  aiid  soul  -  ng  to 

the    wumlerful    ti-ageilies   of ..  _wi,  fuid 

Sophocles — the  earliest  whieh  the  worltl  ever 
flaw,  aud  still  iuiecli)Med  in  their  ateru  cukMtfftl 
grandeur.  As  the  ci-owd  spread  tlieuiaelves 
over  the  public  ai:iuare,  tht^y  are  arrested  by 
the  ever-welcome  sight  of  a  miister-pieco  <M 
Xeu.xis,  A  pitUire  of  a  boy  and  t:mpt«  la 
atti{i«tuiiNi  there  for  public  ck-iliourni,  So 
admuuble  in  the  Uunuer'ti  BklU — thna  vuim  the 
legetid— tlv  •  *'  iniwin^'  IjimIm  irtt<i'  '  -k 
at  the  V.'  lit.     Rut  Itesid-  a 

rival  eltcu .  .  ,  .  ..  n.^ — am.!  tliHcUu  .  ..,.^.1 
dechle  to   which   t!  :   uieiit   ls  to  t>e 

Hwnixie^L     Thy  cri'v,  un«>uHly  u|K«n  li 

dn*[tery  which  eecma  t«  hide  it  fivin  view, 
Tliey  wonder  what  lootn  could  prodtice  so  ftiid 
a  texture  ;  colouns  of  mioh  glowing  karmqifty. 
**  "Withdraw  now  your  curtain  !  ^  iXfJntn« 
Xfiixii^  proud  of  the  tribute  whi^  1 
derem  of  the  air  have  T-endinnl  to 
and  no  Ic^er  able  to  '  '  '  '  miiMrav. 
ParrhauoB,  his  rival,  sui  liautly  :— 

"  Xeuxia  deceives  birds  ;  -  ...  . _  Xeuxutt !  ** 
That  dmpery  wna  the  picture  I — It  Is  the 
heyday  of  Paintltii^ 

A  caowd    in    tlie   Agora !      Tl»e   vnrj'iiitf 
robe:}    besiieak   the  uiingliug   of  noble  and 
artisan  alike  ;  and  that  awMfxubly  ie  swaying 
to    iu»l     fro    ^ith     tcnip'jatuoua    impube*— 
aijoating  for  the   sufirrimicy  of  j\  ' 
liiaiidiug  the  giiuntlet  of  mortal  cv 
"      -  in  the  teeth  of  tdl  tiref'ce,  m 
ith  the  tiery  vdiemenee  of  y< 
ud    of    Mars   to   the   oliv 
Athene.     But  lo^  how  ti 
stilling? — Mark,  how   li 
lijsidea!     Pcridca   ia   tnouuiing    ti»e 
Beautiful  in  lunu,  tiery  and  cmmii- 
juviienatve  in  intellect — ever  self-poaaeaaed,  mb 
if  the  calm  of  the  pasaionteM  gods  vnte  111 
his  breast — ^ewpreme  in  wielding  the  hearts  of 
men  to  all  lofty  pui'p<.»tfea — in  that  hour  of  a 
people's  ivQuzy, 

"  He  caned  across  the  tumult, 
Aud  it  fell !  " 

Has  aodit'uco  sud  it  tbundered  and  li^himod, 
as  the)*  listened  to  that  rolling:  ilaiihing  elo- 
quence.— It  ia  the  triumph  of  Oratory. 

But  the  gM^MB  of  Greece  ia  riaiti^  ia  beaatf 


V 


so 


HOrSEHOLD  WORDS. 


everywhere,  on  land  and  «ea — the  blue  JEgetin, 
gemmed  with  the  "  sparkling  Cjdaclefs" 
tearing,  like  floating  flowur-basket^,  the  leles 
of  Greece  on  its  cal^  .siirikc^.  On  tlie  lovely 
bay-iiideuted  8hores  of  Ionia,  whwre  the  vines 
are  trailing  in  featooua  from  tree  to  tree, 
ilghtiug  the  eiueraJd  wooda  with  their  piirple 
cluaters,  site  merrj'  Anacnioii,  sinpng  of  love 
and  wine  in  luid^-ing  strains.  liffht^hearted 
old  man,  aing  on ! — until,  in  luckless  hour, 
the  choking  graiKMstoue  end  at  onee  thy  lays, 
thr  loves,  and  tny  life  !  The  lofty  sti'ains  of 
Aleieua  and  Sinlonldea  make  the  ^gean 
shores  to  re-echo  their  undying  hatred  of 
tyrannic  power ;  while,  on  her  Leebiiui  isle, 
hapletMi  Sappho,  w^eaiy  of  a  fame  that  cannot 
Virmg  her  luve,  teajw  ti-om  the  clitfs  of  Ijeucaa 
into  the  sea  ;  l»ut  lives  for  ever  in  her  coun- 
try's  menior\^  as  the  Tenth  Muse. 

^Vhcnce  catne  the  efllorescenee  of  Grecian 
gi«niuH,  in  the  age  of  PerieleH  i  The  Peraianf* 
had  recently  Wen  defeated:  a  handful  of 
Greeks  hail  overthrown  the  pi'outl  chi\Tilry  of 
Asia ;  the  thnnderboUis  of  Marathon  and 
Plftta«a  liad  hurlet^^i  the  iixvnxliug  myriada  from 
the  Hellenic  slione*.  A  about  of  exultation 
and  joy  arose  over  the  length  aiul  brea<lth  of 
the  GreciJin  lantL  They  were  free  ! — they 
were  ft  nation  !  In  a  single  generation  Grecian 
gt^niuM  reuched  its  zenith  ;  but  in  another 
eentury  it  was  over — its  lustre  was  past,  its 
light  dying.  Philip  of  Macedon  first  struck 
down  jfilelienic  liberty  on  the  held  of  CTha?- 
rouea;  and  blow  after  blow  foil nwe<i,  levelling 
the  ohJ  Greek  jjride,  enishing  the  life  out  of 
the  nation's  hetut  ;  till  at  length  the  haughty 
I{i)mnn  strode  in,  ami  laid  his  mailed  grasj» 
on  all.  8uch  were  the  anteeedenta  of  the 
heyday  of  Gi'eciau  genius — such  were  con- 
comitants of  its  decline. 

Foreign  conauest  has  in  all  a^es  been  the 
great  extingnislier  of  national  genitu.  Let  us 
imagine  a  cjumj  near  home.  Suppose  an  enemy 
Were  suddenly  to  9\irp>riae  usj.  With  the  tirst 
Bound  of  the  enemy's  cannon,  Cienius  would 
formU^e  her  studied.  She  could  not  see  the 
idejU  through  the  smoke  of  the  foemans 
batt«'rieH.  In  that  huur  of  national  degra- 
dation she  w^ould  hear  alone  the  voice  of 
Patriotism  ;  but  sharing  in  ita  fall,  would 
languish,  if  not  utterly  expire.  Ajchitecture 
woiUd  ce:ise  to  adorn  a  land  no  longer  our 
own ;  the  sculptor  would  break  hi*  chisel, 
rather  than  ininiortalifie  the  fonus  of  his 
tyTiUif  .s  ;  Poetry,  shorn  of  her  many -coloured 
betuns,  would  survive  only  in  elegy,  or  in 
degrading  etlusions  in  honour  of  the  victori- 
oufl  invftdei-s.  Pride  would  be  cruslied  from 
the  nation 'a  heart. 

The  noble  spirit  of  independence,  which  ia 
tlie  acGoni}iianiment  of  all  real  genius,  would 
find  a  place  no  more  in  the  bo^m  of  slaves. 
The  old  heroic  recollections  of  the  nation, 
the  hentage  of  centuriea  of  glor)',  would  be 
swept  at  once  away.  The  deech*  of  our  an- 
cesttu-a  would  no  longer  thrill  like  a  trumpet- 
call  to  the  heart  of  the  nation,  stirring  us  to 


emulate  theii-  exj^loitB.  Present  subjns^tian,. 
present  degradation,  woidd  srweep  in  lUte 
obscuring  cloud,  and  hide  from  us  the  m» 
Hpiring  vision  of  tlie  Past.  Tidce  from  man 
hia  dignity,  hi*  self-ii'!af"'>t  "'T  you  dry  iip 
the  fountains  from  wli  flows.     Ex» 

oellence  is  bla^ti^l,  tli  i  verity   may 

remain.      A    slave  may  do    hia   t.isk — may 
sweat  his  hour  in  the  gangs  of  the  planter  fvr 
in  the  ranks   of  the  despot ;  but   I  •■ 
there  for  genius — that  ia  the  di\'ine  of 
of  Freedom  alone. 

Had  not  the  diaastjcr  of  Moacow  broken  the 
wing  of  Gallic  ambition — hail  the  ct^nonest  of 
Najxjleon  been  hande<l  down  unimimined  to 
his  succeaaiirs,  we  wotdd  Iwive  had  too  latnAt* 
corroboration  of  thia  in  our  own  day. 
cracy  in  modem  EurojK^  ban  j*o  strenv 
the  vitality  of  nations,  tfmt  they  live  t 
a  thousand   perils  that  would   have  < 
the  old  empire*^  of  the  world ;  and  it  is  to 
this   vitAhly,   and    the    almost    superh^mian 
\'igriur  with  whi<  1  •,    '  •  i < ma  resist  or  flin? 

off  the  fetters  of  i  rit  the  progress  of 

civilisation  has  bin  ii  uin-nFJvco  among  w-  -'*  ■■ 
the  da}'»  of  Charlemagne.  It  was  •■ 
that  smothered  ci\nliflation  in  the  ol  .  ._ 
versal  empires  ;  it  was  oonnuejit  that  succes- 
sively terminated  in  each  a  long  career  of  im- 
provement. The  triumphant  proceHsions  of 
Victory  are  alwa^ia  closed  Wiith  the  wan  and 
broken  shade  of  Genius.  Tlie  grave  wl '  ^~ 
cla<)es  over  lalwrty  aL«o  hides  Genius 
the  ui>per  earth. 

Pride  of  country — ^national  egot" 
far  Btmnger  in  old  times  than    even 
The  enriy  nations  of  tlm  world  grew  up 
— without  intercommunication — without 
rowing  anj^thing  firom  their  ueighlMnirR 
worked  out  for  itself  ita  own   civiliaatic 
And  each  accordingly  esteemed  itself  the  light 
of  the  world,  and  ail  other,  barbarians.     Each 
hat^  and  despised  the  othex  ;  and  to  be 
quered   by  the  stranger — ^to    see  their 
glories,  their  own  pride,  dashed  into  the  d\ 
and  a  i>c»oplo  whom  they  hatl  tlespised,  loi  ' 
it  in  their  palaces,  utterly  broke  the  natic 
heart. 

Nineveh — whoee  mighty  ruins,  after  the 
lapse  of  three  thousand  years,  are  asti^mishine 
earth's  sages — ^built  no  more  after  the  rivfd 
standards  of  Babylon  vrere  planted  on  her 
walls;  and  liab^Ion  the  Great,  which  has 
left  ita  name  aa  a  byeword  of  opulence  and 
spendour,  dates  ita  decay  from  the  bloody 
nocturnal  entry  of  Cyrtis  and  his  Persians, 
From  the  day  wh^i  the  battle  of  Arbela 
struck  the  diadem  from  the  brow  of  the 
second  Darius,  and  the  war-<,'r>"  of  the  Greeks 
rang  through  the  streets  of  Persepolia,  art 
and  genius  Ibrsook  the  land  of  Zoroaster,  the 
royal  cities  of  Persia  began  to  crumble.  Al- 
though stately  with  edilicea,  second  in  beauty 
only  to  those  of  Greece,  thenceforth  no  hand 
waa  put  forth  to  uphold  their  splendour  ; 
their  environs  once  made  fertile  by  irrigating 
streams,  grew  parched  and  flinty  deserts  ;  ana 


\i 


CJ»)m  tMckcM.) 


GENIUS  AND  LIBERTY. 


2L 


very  sit<;«i    »li{ipcil  from  tho    worlil'a 
koiy.    Not  l^^'Dg  fljgo,  a  tmvftller  among 
\e  barren  tiutl  wziterlesa  mountains  of  Poma 
ii*-   iiiinJtp'fteiUv   on   ft    niAg;[iitkent    ruixi 
fet      "  '       ''  "n   a  deserted 

I  uken  coluuins 

vuL-    .-vu     .vit    .1 ,,.1,     It   w;id   the 

Ar,  the  HnU  of  Pilliirs,  built  by  tUe 

,<l  the  Anilm,  auiid  the  hjiie  deswrtti 

uaht.     But  history  tald  another  tale  ; 

h   nuvl(i  plrvin  to  the  world  that 

»t4:»od  the  long-loat  rains  of  r<jval  Pei*- 

i,  the  citj^  of  the  Grent  Kiug — t hut  thert? 

all   its  palacoa  that  had   surviv-nd  thd 

torches     of    AJexander,    and     the 

dcjcay  of  Tiiuc. 

at  the  woudroaa  Yalley  of  the  Nile  ; 

fter   the  desohition  of  two   t»>.<'-:"-l 

what  do  we  yet  sec  1   A  hajii 

of  moiiumeiitfi*  reai'e^l  by  <  > 

[   but   endurlug   in   their  pride  and 

only  wbi£  libertv  lusted.    Thie 

SilaUy  teem  with  seulptora — nume- 

aa  swjvrming  Lnaea — carving  out 

ohtloa : — Sphiiixea,  Meumous,  and 

m  the  wjUd  rock.    They  retire  for 

their  labour  to-inorrow  ; 

over  >w  bursts  the  insatiable 

iua,  the  whole  nation  is 

If  by  cncbiintment.    To- 

-  _L-boat  traveller — «tand  in 

junrries,  and  believe  lliat  tlie  morrow  of 

_   x^tiaaad  yeai's  ago  still  eurvivea.    Yoii 

tbo  iimrkfl  of  the  very  tools  with  which 

U3  wrrnjirbt  ',    yoii   behold  her  worka  in 

I  ^h-hewu  Apia,  there 

1  waiting  the  one  last 

-■u  ir  i:  .'lit  rock.    The 

of  the  \\  h  had  come  to 

,ic  statue  v-..  ^...  .>.   iv  ^'  'i'>"-^"'Hare 

leu  CAmbj^s^a,  flualj'  ^oi'yj 

*  hJdowo  hand  the  In     ^  I  bull 

comriuuided  Ihebonesof  the  Pharaohs 

beAt*fn  >vitli  rodf*,  he  Rtruck  to  the  heart 

niua  C'f  the  Kile.     She  could  no  lon^^er 

\m)i\  and   her  erofk  glorious  with 


»■■ 

-i-re  proaeribed, 
;  a.     The  heai-t 
iuiol)t*t    Liberty 

i  Otpitol, 
ilul  thuii 

1 1 

Lheii 

of 

wer 

'li  miiitreaa  of  the  world, 

-Jih'St     <jT    lllL'     UliivtifSul 

!  one 

-i-iorB, 

jM'd  on  the  hdl 

uf  the  Eternal 

•  Seven-Hilleii 

North.     Two 

'     ■  •«  not  leas 

1  •!•    Ut  fin'ttSL 

that    dr 
t>et  riuig 
Hi  A  hUu'U 
to    had 
^.  iiuur 

"    Gothic 

ling  city, 

lie  couchuA 

ui*ehca    sbves.     That   wa« 

the  old  Botaii^Adifc    No 

latial  edifices  built.  The  Goth  ruled  in 
the  Capitol,  and  G<*uius  forsook  hei*  old 
alirinea 

Aa  foreign  thnddotu  extin^i^^hea  ^culua 
m  a  couutr)%  sodal  slavery  piii     ^  , 

in  the  individual,  and  where  tli 
there  can   be  no  flBpirntv.i .- 
ca.ste — wkich  divides    n 

and  dilferent  rrtiiks,  eteru  ^  i 

station  and  pui'suit — has  at  some  peiiod  or 
other  euisteil  more  or  lofia  Mtrintfently  in  all 
fiartaofthe  world.  In  the  early  dav.Ti  of  civi- 
iiaation,  such  a  sv3tem,\n^wod  in  i  i^-^mrd  to  Art 
fdoue,  was  ijideed  ad .  "         "    .:;  was 

then  unknown,  and  1  >  .  The 

interchange  of  idea«  nw  i  ii».'  w-,  wn  n.  n  u-w  pcr- 
raeatea  eveiy  eonier  of  society,  hatl  then  no 
'  ^  '-'ence.  No  one  knew  what  waa  going  on 
[it  in  his  Immedmte  neijt,dd>oiirhfiod.  In 
J  cireutu.4tance«,  the  system  of  ca^te  was 
the  niodt  hkely  to  obviate  the  initjediiuents  to 
the  preaer\'ation  and  propagation  of  know- 
ledge in  the  arts  :  for  the  discoveries  made  by 
the  lathers  were  thu3  tninaniitted  dii*ectly  t^) 
their  childieu  ;  tmd  the  spread  of  improve* 
uients  waa  eotnpaiatively  ea«y  among  a  clasd, 
all  of  whose  members  were  bound  together  by 
community  of  station  and  emplopnent.  But 
when  knowled  ■  • '  ^  ••'-"-'■'  >f  comnmniration,  the 
system  beeom  i-i.    Knuwled;_^i»  isthe 

life-blood  of  t<  ,    :    I  must,  when  it  can, 

be  spread  and  circulated.  When  confined  to 
CBffte  of  atation,  GeniuB  droops  for  the  want  of 
it.  Genius  is  aapiring,  but  caste  chains  it 
immovably  to  one  station.  Genimi  is  impulse, 
action  ;  it  cannot  move  in  fettei-?*.  Pent  up 
within  the  walla  of  eouventional  rauk^  Ge- 
nius collap»ea,-^her  inspirations  ciui  oidy  bd 
drawn  from  the  atmoapherea  of  boundless 
liberty. 

Conquest  and  tyranny  numt  ever  be  short- 
lived, A  frte  state  always,  in  the  end,  lives 
down  a  <leapotism.  Tlie  latter  rlenvea  talent 
from  one  class  oidy,  while  in  the  former  it 
leaps  up  from  all.  Even  wlieu  LibeKy  ia 
bom  in  blowl  and  nurBetl  on  carnage,  she  is 
the  foatei*  child  of  (ienlus.  The  extrnordinaiy 
development  of  talent  by  France  during  hei" 
first  Iii4>volution,  baa  no  parallel  amuufj  the 
then  desj^jotic  powers  of  the  (.'ontineut* 
Though  the  Htrify  was  horrible  aud  san- 
guinary, it  summonerl  every  man  in  Fwuice 
to  exertion  ;  while  the  path  to  the  guillotine 
waa  trodden  amootli  by  victims,  it  tlwew  open 
the  road  to  honour,  and  thouaiuuia  entereil. 
The  man  who  raisetl  himself  from  aubulteru 
of  artilleiy  to  the  Imperial  tluone  ;  who  be- 
held the  liklf  of  Eurcipe  beneath  the  bIjsuIow 
of  bis  sceptre  ;  who  wedded  the  daughter 
of  the  Cffisara,  and  rai»eil  around  hia  throno 
a  martial  galaxy  unparalleled  Ui  tlio  world's 
hifltory — ^waa  the  offepringof  Liberty  ;  of  gory 
Liberty;  audi  Liberty  aa  makes  GeniuH»nino 
forth  witli  preternatural  luatrc — but  only 
develops  it  m  a  few  at  the  expenstt  of  the 
of  tkq  lltlU>3 

lane 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


[CMMlUMltf 


ifi^efice  unrestrained  Aiid  uutamishcd.  She 
ebokei  not  genius  with  cnste.  Our  imatocmcy 
i»  even  iu^ngorateil  from  the  ranks  of  the 
commona.  ^ores  of  titled  familie*  die  out  in 
a  century,  and  their  place  in  tilled  up  with 
the  worthiest  of  the  nati«>n.  Be  ft  man  the 
aoD  of  acottl-merchant,  like  Etdon  and  Stowell 
— or  of  a  ootton-spinner,  like  Peel — the  path 
to  weiilth  and  fame  m  ever  open  to  him,  A 
tradesraan'a  eon  may  lUe  on  the  wooliack. 
A  clerk  may  riae,  like  Olive,  to  be  a  Oov«mo»^ 
General.  The  fourth  son  of  a  wuntry  person, 
like  Nelflon,  may  find  a  t4^?iib  among  the  great 
ones  in  Westmiruiter  Abbey.  Turn  to  our 
i^iate  ;  consider  ita  annals  tor  the  last  aixtj 
yeani,  and  my  if  Fmnc*,  witli  her  triple 
Hevolntionj  can  pre^sent  a  parallel  to  the 
^niuH  there  developed — if  France,  Htirrwl  to 
the  very  dregs  by  frantic  atrujaj^lea  after 
liberty,  can  equal  the  Bt^ody  gluriea  of  a 
nation  inured  to  freeilom. 

Owe  word  more^  and  we  have  done — one 
word  to  the  student  who  may  peruse  these 
pBlgee — to  the  you:ng  aspirant,  who  sees  life 
tun  yet  only  tJirou^^h  the  bright  colouring  of 
you  til,  or  in  the  unreal  guiae  which  it  wears 
Co  the  recluse. 

There  is  a  8elf-impo«ed  thraldom  more  fatal 
to  gvniua  than  the  blight  of  external  opprea- 
aion  ;  beneath  the  allurements  of  paaaion 
there  lurks  a  wors^  than  Egyptian  bondage. 
No  man  ever  excelled  without  the  exercise  of 
much  selfnienial.  **  To  live  like  a  hermit,  and 
work  like  a  horae,"*  is  the  «ui-est  of  all  roa<1s* 
to  fame,  and  Has  been  the  uninviting  path 
trodden  by  moat  of  those  who  have  risen  t*:» 
permanent  renown.  True  liberty,  the  liberty 
whicli  genius  demands,  consista  as  much  in 
exemption  from  the  aiaveiT  within  as  &om 
the  afavcry  without.  Let  the  young  aspirant 
ever  remember,  that  whatever  elevatea  man^s 
nature,  whatever  Ufta  him  above  the  trammeta 
of  earth,  and  places  him  nearer  heaven,  pio- 
portionally  elevates  his  genius ;  and,  on  the 
c«»nt,niry,  that  eveiy  pa^aion  immoderately 
indulged  ia  a  fetter  placed  on  his  intellect ; 
tliat  every  loitering  in  the  mazes  of  uuwhole- 
eomo  pleaaure,  if  redeemable  at  tdl,  must  one 
day  be  reileemed  at  too  dear  a  priiNe,  •*  The 
Present  and  the  Future  are  livals,"  said 
Sir  Joshua  lleynolda  to  his  pupils,  '*  ami 
whoever  pays  court  to  the  one,  muat  reiign 
the  other.  * 


ATLANTIC  WAVES. 

One  hri&k  Mai^h  morning,  ia  the  vear  1846, 
tUe  bimve  Ste-iru-F^liin.  Tlib.  rnia,  rolled  about 
in  themo^t  ij  i^n  on  the  brci^l 

Atlantic,  in  n  :ty-one,  ojid  weat 

longituiie  thLi'ty-ei^ht,  ili'ty — the  wind  bhjw- 
ing  a  haj'tl  gafe  h'otii  the  we&trsoutU-we>t. 
To  most  of  the  ]-  the  m-audeur  of 

the  walei's  w:iji  a  the  line  beju-ing 

of  the  ship  only  u  nMm-^hjfi  and  a  snare. 
Everything  waa  made  tight  on  deck  ;  if  auy 

•  Lord  GUon'i  wvri*^  Rpplled  to  Mmiclf. 


I^naaaenger  had  left  at''  *  1  Jie 

aeate,  he  would  aasurcM  u^ 

to  a  near  raili-ng.  JImikc  v^.u^  i.tiium  jinout 
every  imaginable  item ;  and  water  dripped 
&om  every  spar  of  the  gallant  vesael.  Now  it 
seemed  as  though  she  were  travelling  akog 
through  a  brilliant  gallery,  flanked  on  either 
side  by  glittering  walla  of  water  ;  now  die 
climbed  one  of  the  crested  walls,  and  an  abjae, 
dark  and  terrible  aa  the  famous  Maelstrom, 
which  can't  be  found  anywhere,  yawned  to 
receive  her.  The  snorts  of  the  engine  seemed 
to  defy  the  angry  waters;  and  occasionally 
when  a  monster  wave  coiled  about  the  ship, 
and  thundered  against  her,  she  staggered  for 
a  moment,  only  to  renew  the  biittle  with  Ireah 
enerjjjy. 

The  cooks  and  etewards  went  plaiddly 
througli  their  several  daily  avocations  on 
board  this  rolling,  fighting,  shaking  craft* 
If  they  ha*!  been  Belgravian  acrvanta^  or 
clul>-house  waiters,  they  could  not  have  per- 
fomied  their  duties  with  more  pix)found  un- 
concern. Their  cwlnesa  appeared  notlung 
less  than  heroic  to  the  poor  tumbled  heapa 
of  clothes  with  human  betuga  inside,  who 
were  scattered  about  the  cabins  below.  An 
unhappy  wight  who  had  never  before  been  fiine 
miles  from  Boston,  wna  anxiooaly  incpiriiig 
of  the  chief  steward  the  precise  time  m  tJbe 
coarse  of  that  evening  that  the  VMsel  might 
be  expected  to  fouuder  ;  while  another  stew- 
ard, Mrith  provoking  pertinacity,  was  asking 
how  many  would  iline  in  the  saloon  at  six, 
mth  the  same  buaineas-like  imconcem,  aa  if 
the  ship  were  gliding  along  on  glass.  80 
tremendous  was  the  tossing  ;  ao  extreme 
the  apparent  uncertainty  of  any  event  ex- 
cept a  watery  terminus  to  all  expoct^vtion, 
that  thid  sort  of  coolness  appeared  almost 
wicked. 

Then  there  was  a  monster  in  British 
form  actually  on  deck — not  braving,  it  wa« 
said,  but  tempting  the  atorm  to  a  weep  him 
into  eteraity.  He  astonished  even  the  ship's 
officers.  The  cook  did  not  hesitate  to  venture 
ti  strong  opinion  against  the  aanity  of  a  man 
wlio  might,  if  he  chose,  be  snugly  cnaconeed 
in  tlie  cabin  out  of  harm's  way,  but  who  would 
refiiain  ujxfn  deck,  in  momentary  danger  of 
l»eiijg  blown  overboard.  The  cook*B  fliwwy 
was  not  ill  supported  b^the  subject  of  it ;  for 
he  was  continually  placing  himself  in  all  man^ 
ner  of  odd  places  and  grote^pie  postureji, 
S*>metime8  he  scrambled  up  on  the  cuddy-roof ; 
then  he  rolled  down  again  on  tiie  saloonniock  ; 
now  he  got  himself  blown  up  on  the  paddle- 
box  ;  t/iitt  waa  not  high  cnoufjh  for  him,  for 
when  tlie  vessel  sunk  into  a  trough  of  the 
sea,  he  stood  on  tip-toe,  trj'ing  to  look  over 
the  nearest  wnx-e.  A  consultation  wa«  heUi 
in  the  cuddy,  and  a  reeolution  wn.-?  unaai- 
mou^ily  pajBded  that  the  amateur  of  wind  ai»d 
water  (which  burst  over  him  evers^  minute) 
wa.^  either  an  escaped  lunatic  or — a  College 
Professor. 
-  It  was  resolved  nem.  con,  that  he  was  the 


ATLANTIC  WAVES. 


S3 


Inttier ;    and  frr^- 
giirjirifted  at   fii 

f\*-n    whiW  the    1. 
%v:i-.!  (he  tiintc  was 


mm, 


nioraent  noWly  was  the   eye.    This  iminenae  elevation   occarred 

rai^ht  clvoo^w  to  \h\  aV»out  «very  sixlJi  wav«.  Now  and  then,  when 

w'lc;   1m  1  titti  n !  I  IT   111    tMi>  fiiirj^L'  lit   :"i   iM-riiiii."   wivf*  \^is  inip*irti- 

\)f}T  liquid  giant, 
,  their  brenkiug 

lie   dw'^ist   of  the  mitferera    bcJow,   wlio  i  creaU   would  ahwut    upwttt^l  At   least  ten  or 

.tit    it   was    enough   io  feel  the   height  j  fift<aen  feet  higher — »houi  h»lf  the  height  of 

«s,  without  goincf  to  the  trouble  of  |  the  monument^-and  then  iioixr  down  a  mighty 

th*»mj  pnr?;»»»*d  fu»  oVi«pi*vations  in  I  flLHid  upon  the  poor  Proressor  in  revtmgo  for 

pt  to   rocifiiiie  theb- MiKJesf.ies.     No 

"F  salt  wuter,  however,  o<nild  wash 

I  hid  posi,  till  he  h.'ul  >;ftti;<fnctorily 

tht>    ship'^  I  proved,,    by   acrnnite    oV)servutiiin,   thfit   the 

wave  wliioh  pitaaeil   the  vessel   waa 

il  to  the  heir'nt  of  hia  eye — or  thirty 

inch*»a — ^jiud  that  the  mean  highest 

!udiii2  the  fighting  or  broken 

I'Mrtit  torty-threo  feut  above  the 

level  ul  tliu  hollow  occupied  at  the  moment 

by  the  ship. 

Satisfied  at  length  of  the  tiniih  of  his  obeer- 
▼atioQS,  the  Profeegor,  half  pickled  by  the  salt 


ve 


An 


tljo  hfV[^bt  <.«f  th^^sc;  uuijcblic  witve:*,  but  he 
found  ibrit  thf  ot-pMh  rr>a**  9n  tvr  jvlwve  the 
hori*t>ti  If  iv-wnsatamliny:, 

tbnt  it  w;  without  guln- 

(1,  tliat  he 
I  the  Bub- 


WiiV 

wav 


of  the  ftt 


1  ^.     ,i,^  ......r  I  ..». ■,  uMii,   u,,    .jdddy-njof  water,  iind  lookiuj[^,  it  must  Ix' confessed,  very 

TOVed,  however,  Wyood  a   doubt,  tluit   the   coM  and  miserable,  tleaceuded  to  the  cabin. 

Throughout  dinner- lime  a  converBation  was 
kept  np  between  the  Professor  and  the  Cap- 
tain— the  latter  appearing  to  be  about  the  only 
in*lividual  on  boai'd  who  took  any  interest 
whatever  in  these  scientitic  proeee^; lings,  Tlio 
ladies,  one  ami  all^  vowed  tnat  the  Professor 
waa  ft  monster,  only  doing  **all  this  stuff"  in 
mockery  of  their  sufferings.  Towanb  night 
the  wind  inci'caaed  to  a  hurricane;  the  aJnp 
trembled  like  a  frr^^ditened  child  before  the 
terrible  ciuiibat  ni  tlif  elements.  Night,  with 
her  pall,  cloaed  in  the  scene  : — it  was  a  wild 
and  Hcdemn  time.  Towaids  moniinff  the  wind 
aliated.  For  thirty  hours  a  viofent  north 
west  gale  Iiad  swept  over  the  heaving  bosom 
of  the  broad  Athmtic. 

This  reflection  hastened  the  dressing  and 
breakfasting  operations  of  the  Professor,  who 
tumbled  up  on  deck  at  about  ten  o'clock  in 
the  moniiug.  The  storm  had  been  subdued 
1  '  for  several  hours,  and  there  was  a  visible 
decrease  in  the  height  of  the  waves.  He 
took  up  hia  old  position  on  the  cuddy-roo^ 
:md  soon  obacrvea,  that,  even  then,  when  the 

^.  aea  wjta  comparatively  quiet,  ten  waves  orer- 

th<rn»  ifid  the  drva-jtook  the  vessel  in  succession,  which  all  i"oae 

''>n  li«»  ]!  ui;^»>ther  thirty  above   the  apparent  horizon;    conisequently 

\v  waited   till   the   thry  muat  have  been  more  th.an  twenty-thrc?e 
t  few  rninntfs  into  I  ft-t^i — probably  about  twenty-six   feet — from 
'    '   to  hallow.     From  the  larboard  paddle- 
lo  which  the  Profeaaor  once  more  scram- 
j'm:  (h    i...,u.i  II'.. -i,  he  ol»3er\*ed  that   occasionally  four  «ir 
L  of  the  wiive  |  five  waves  in  ERicceasioii  rose  above  the  visible 
<  1.  ijiitori  Ills   liii:  iyriT*     li.in'f*  they   musfc   have  l)ecn  Tnor*» 
t   waves.      He   abn   obsei^rd 
^  no  longer  tiui  in  long  rid  ^^^s, 
liut  presented  more  the  form  of  cones  of 
moderate  elongation, 
o  to       Having  so   far  satisfied  himself  aa  to  the 
de-  height  of  Atlantic  waves  in  a  gide  of  wind 
<  .1.    filH'  Ptr.f  s:-;  [\-<  estimate  must  not  be  tukeii 
IS  ;!i      1  I      irement  of  the   highest   known 

waww,  bui  oimply  m  that  of  a  rough  Atlantic 


rurii.Mrv   '.I    Ttu:^e   rolunu    ni.»>:^fn   oi    water 

h  ht  of  coil  uore  thati 

!•  [,  meji«n4i3i;_  trough  of 

he  Kw*  to  the  creeta  of  tlie  waves*.     But  the 

ifessor  was  not  satisfied  with  this  negative 

roof;  and  in  the  pursuit  of  his  interesting 

juir)%did  not  fed  inclined  to  be  baffled.     It 

nble  to  know  what  the  secret  thoughts 

TUfiB  At  the  wheel   were,   when    the 

-'•-'•,;h;1  hia   intention  of 

»v  from  the  cuddy- 

1"  V.     Now  he  was 

I  the  motion  of 

ing  to  a  chain- 

iig  himstilf  into  the 

Now  he  is  buried 

rt%\%  and  a  tt:\Y  minutes  aflenarards  his 

form  Is  seen  cUnging  to  the  rails  which 

a  tlie  patldlc^ boxes, 

*»te  the  st«trm  without,  a  calm  mathc- 
U  going  ^"  "-►I  ;.-  ^i.  > 

ndiri'Tf  .^t  .1  hi 


ih  %..i< 
lat  ut  k 
rpted   V«y 
rcf  th(j  horuou.      1 1 
oliskTVCHl    lor 
y;mls  rv 
►a  tbi'fi 


Boa)f  he  directetl  lus  att4>ntiou  to  tuinuter  afid 
more  difficult  obsen'attoDS.  He  deteruuned 
to  meiwui*e  the  mriod  of  time  occupied  by  the 
rt'fftdar  wave«  in  overtaking  the  ship,  their 
width  front  crest  to  crest,  and  the  rate  of 
their  travelling.  The  firat  point  to  be  knowTi 
"wrns  the  sfteed  of  the  ship  ;  this  lie  fLseertaiuc'd 
to  be  iiiiie  knots.  HU  next  object  waa  to 
note  her  course  in  reference  to  the  tUrt>ctiou  of 
the  wavea.  He  found  that  the  true  course 
of  thi;  veasel  was  eaat,  and  that  the  waves 
eaiue  from  the  we-«t- north -west,  bo  that 
they  passed  under  the  ve&8«?l  at  a  couut- 
deruble  anj^le.  The  length  of  the  sliip  w:w 
«tateil  to  tn?  two  hundred  mid  twenty  feet. 
IVoviiUnl  Willi  tliii*!  infoiTnatioti  the  Professor 
i-euewe*]  his  observatiouii.  He  proceed e<l  to 
count  the  seconds  the  crest  of  a  wave  took  to 
travel  froui  Btem  to  stem  of  the  vetwel  ;  these 
he  ascertained  to  1>e  six.  He  then  counted 
the  time  which  intervened  between  the 
moment  when  one  crcat  touched  the  atei'n  of 
the  vessel,  ami  the  next  touched  it,  and  he 
found  the  average  inttJivjd  to  be  aixteen 
tjeconcbi  and  a  fraction.  These  re«iilu  gave 
him  at  once  the  width  lietweeu  creet  and 
ereat  As  the  crest  t ravel letl  two  htindred 
and  twenty  feet  (or  the  lengtli  of  the  vesael) 
in  six  seconds^  and  eixteen  et^coniL*  elapse4l 
before  tlie  next  crest  touehe<l  the  btern,  it  was 
clear  that  tlie  wave  was  nearly  tliree  times 
the  length  of  the  veiidel  ;  to  wnt©  accurately, 
there  wstA  a  dij;tance  of  six  hundred  and  five 
feet  from  creat  to  cix^at. 

llie  Professor  did  not  forget  that  the 
oblique  course  of  the  ship  elongated  her  line 
over  the  waves;  til  i      '  ion  he  estimated 

at  forty- live  feet,  r  '  probable  ave- 

i-age  diaUmcu  lK?tWivii  Liv-u  ;aidcrebt  to  five 
hundred  and  lifty-ulne  feet. 

being  quite  satisfied  with  the  result  of 
tliifl  experiment,  the  haidy  Pi'ofesaor,  atUl 
iMilancing  liimaelf  on  lu«  giddy  height,  to  the 
wonder  and  amusement  of  the  wiilora,  found 
that  the  calculations  lie  had  already  made 
did  not  give  him  the  actual  velocity  of  the 
waves.  A  wave-creBt  certainly  pajwed  fi\>m 
stem  to  stem  in  six  seconda,  but  then  the 
ship  waa  travelling  in  the  same  direction,  at 
the  rate  of  nine  geograuhical  mUes  per  hour, 
or  15"2  fet't  per  second  ;  this  rate  the  Pro- 
fessor atlded  to  the  former  meaaure,  which 
gave  7i>0'5  feet  for  the  actiLai  diatance  tra- 
versed by  the  wave  in  16-5  seconthj,  being  at 
the  nde  of  32t)7  English  milea  per  hour. 
Tills  computation  wfia  afterwards  comparetl 
with  calculations  made  from  totally  dilferent 
data  by  Mr.  Scott  Buasell,  and  found  to  l>e 
C|uit«:*  coiTect. 

With  these  facts  the  Professor  scrambled 
from  the  larboanl  paddle-box  of  the  IHbcniia. 
He  hiul  also  made  dome  obiien^ations  on  the 
fornix  of  waves.  When  the  wind  blows 
Btea«Uly  from  one  point,  they  are  generally 
regular  ;  but  when  it  is  high  and  gUf^ty,  and 
ahifts  from  point  to  iwint,  the  sea  is  broken 
upj  and  the  waves  take  a  moi^  conical  shape. 


and  assume  fantastical  cr««ta.  'WTiile  the  soft 
ran  high,  the  Pix»f<  ved  now  and  ihon 

a  riJgeof  wavea  ex  i  i  ii  alx>ut  aqumter 

to  a  tliird  of  a  mWo  lu  nngth,  forming^  as  it 
were,  a  rampart  of  water.  Thbi  ridge  wa» 
sometimes  strai^dit^  and  sometimes  bent  as  of 
a  crescent  form,  with  the  central  mas*  of 
water  higher  than  the  rest,  and  not  unfre- 
quently  with  two  or  three  S(!mi-clliptical 
monn<is  in  diminishing  series  on  either  side  of 
the  highest  ]>eak. 

When  the  wind  hiul  subsided^  a  'ew  of  tha 
bolder  pas8Gngei*s  ci-awled  upon  deck  in  th« 
oddest  imaginable  costumes.  They  had  not 
much  to  encounter,  for  about  a  thirtl  part  of 
the  greater  undulations  avei*a^cHj  oidy  twenty- 
four  feet,  from  crest  to  hullow,  in  height. 
These  higher  waves  could  tte  seen  and  selected 
from  the  pigmy  waves  about  then),  at  the 
distance  oi  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  tb« 
ship. 

The  Professor  had  Ijecn  very  unnofmlar  on 
board  while  the  stormv  weacJicr  nistcd,  and 

the  ladies  had  vowed  iLat  he  wjia  a  sai 

creature,  who  ^rouid  have  his  little  joke 
the  gravest   calamities  of  life  ;   but  i\& 
waves  deciijased  in  bulk,  .and  the  Mind  lull 
and  the  sun  hhonf,  luid  the  men  <<^  -  ^     ''^* ' ''* 
oil-skin  ccata,  and  the  cabin-wi: 
opeuetl,  the  frowns  of  the  fair  v<  ■ 
off,    Pertect  goodwill  wits  cener i ! 
ship  sighted  Liveiiiool ;  and  even  i 
he  prc|xned  the  hi.*?t  dinner  for  the  paaBcugi 
was  he^anl  to  declfire  (in  coniidenco  to 
the  stokers)  that-s,  after  all,  there  mil 
something  worth  knowing  in  the  Prof 
observations. 

When  the  Profcaaor  landed  at  lively 
he  would,  on  no  a/'connt,  sufter  the  cnrpet-b 
containing  his  cideuhitions,  to  bo  tidcen  out 
his  sight.     Bevend  inquisitiv*'  im  i-on, 
evei",  made  the  best  use  of  1 1 
ascertain  tl;o  name  of  the  « 
sei'ver,  and  found  it  to  lie  Irj^ibly  nmcribed 
with  the  well-known  name  of  Scon^by. 

That  his  invcHtigationa  may  be  the  nioro 
reailily  im^iresscd  on  the  i*eader's  minil.  wo 
conclude  with  a  summary'  of  tliom,  It  would 
seem  from  Dr.  Scoresby  s  intn-piil  ijivt*.'^i  iga- 
tious,  that  the  highest  waves  ot  the  Atlantta 
average  in 

Altitude 4.1     fart 

Moai!  l>ii«itaDMJ  bctwt*n  cadi  Wiivo    .  ftiW       ^ 
Witlth  (nm  Cmii  to  Cro»t      .        .    .  Oou       ., 
Inturrol  of  Ttrao  between  each  Wam    IM  lecondM 
Vdocity  ofcMh  Wkvo  per  honr  .        .    Sl^i  niiU'« 


Xpvt  rt'nitft  Price  ^t.lid,  i**ntl^  Bowtd  ia  Cloth, 

THE    FIRST    VOLUME 
or 

HOUSEHOLD   WORDa 


ruUuhhu  MflNthlif,  PruA  'Id,,  St^mpfrl^  3d 

THE   HOUSEHOLD    NARRATIVE 
COKRENT  EVENTS. 

a  huktrjf  nf  iht  jfTtvitn*  montA,  it  untd  rtgmiarljf  vttk  Ot 


nttBMj$»J»t  tJtt  OdTcfj  Ad.  J4  Wc/liaclon  direct  ?{qrU>,  S»fmii<l.    rnaV.fliUj'  Qakbai'mT  k  I.y^'sv  \VjW,i»W*«»1 


Familiar  in  their  Mouthi  as  HOUSEHOLD  WORDS  "—SnAsmi^K. 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


A    WEEKLY    JOURNAL 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DiCKENS 

SATURDAY.  OCTOBER  5,  1850. 


[PmcsM 


THE  l>OOM  OF  EKGUSH  WILLS, 

CATUED1LU,  XUMBER  TWO. 

^t u  %Vu.Lf  A  VI  W \ Li^iciL liiivittg  t'iken some 

lily,  fuid  having 

.  impaired   for 

iionstrationa 

'    alRe^atry 

■\  visit  to 

try  nmn- 

M-H    that, 

I     .1  fino 

1.  would 

M'/Liti'.'uing, 

I,  tliat  the  last 

I  nieiiikre  notex- 

vy*!i\  liUti  Itiiit  their  deposiiaiies 

to   be   kept  aa  dry — say  as 

which  are  a  cheaper  luxury 

with  th«  further  advantage 


xpt-ihtion,  l)eck*:med 

n«l        "Indeed/'  Biud 

I  he  second 

giving  one 

oi  rh«  \*kHni  h»a  titie  ;  enjoying 

A  Lord  Mayor  of  its  own ;  an 

I  notable  phvce ;  r<Lfnowncd  for  it« 

fitmoiis  for  ita  Catht'dnil ;   j>o»- 

-tvrnR,  a  caatle, 

'  tnsion    House  ; 

u  ftui.. .,  ,,..,  y^,*-'   iv.i  ,iu  unimpeachable 

FT.'" 

mind  much  wicotinuretl.  and  his 

y  nuKt^d,  Mr.  Wallace  eni- 

iwiil  il..-p:irtf^>i  for  tin-  North 

city 

r.M, 

LUrti<*-ten, 


'bii ..  .-.  ,  ,  .,-■...«    ..I   luv 
Tj.      He    could    h.ardlj 
that  Impcirtant  buillin.; 
itf  in  a  severe  etylc 
tlie  jail.  Tliere  tv;\> 


IS,  to  take 

hia  fancy 

IK  iiupeachable 

liit   Mfjon  the 


Tl, 


ImliouB — but  it  wait 

w€T*?  others  that  ] 

'^y    were    private 


rtsidciicoA. 


was  a 
—but 
i.ked 
•use. 
,1  de- 
There 


appeared  to  l>e  nothing  in  the  way  of  Rogiatry 
luiswerine  to  the  ^auouii  tuotikiak  legend  iu'a 
certain  Cnapter-House : 

As  shines  the  rose  iibovo  all  comtnon  fiowccv^ 
So  above  common  piles  this  building  towen. 

Yet  8uch  a  building  must  be  somewhere  * 
Mr.  Wallace  went  into  the  town  and  bought 
a  Guide-book,  to  find  out  where. 

The  four  gates  were  in  the  Guide-book — all 
right — the  six  posterns  were  there,  the  aaaeni- 
bly  room  was  there,  the  jail  was  there,  the 
niiuisiou  house  was  there — ^but  no  Registry. 
"This  is  extmonliiuir)/'  said  Mr.  WaTincc," 
"An  unimpeachable  Registry  there  indubitably 
must  be  ! ' 

He  walked  through  the  quiet  narrow 
streets,  with  their  gabled  homsea^  craning 
their  necku  acrua*  the  road  to  pry  into  one 
another's  a^&UTB ;  and  he  saw  the  churches 
where  the  people  were  maiTied ;  and  the  habi- 
tations w^berc  the  doctor*  lived,  who  were 
knocketi  up  when  the  people  were  born  ;  jaid 
he  accideutallv  passed  the  residence  of  Mre. 
Pitcher,  who  likewise  ofliciateil  on  those  occa- 
eiouB ;  and  he  remarked  an  infinity  of  shopa 
where  every  eomniodity  of  life  was  sold. 
He  saw  tlie  offices  of  the  lawyers  who  made 
the  people^s  wills,  the  banks  where  the  people 
kept  their  money,  the  nliops  of  the  under- 
takers who  made  the  people's  coffins,  the 
churchyards  where  the  people  were  buried^ 
but  not  the  Registry  where  the  people's  wills 
were  taken  care  of.  ^'  Very  extraordinary  !  ** 
said  Ml'.  Wallace.  "  In  the  great  city  of  a 
great  eccleaiaatical  see,  where  all  kinds  ot 
moving  reverses  and  disastet^  have  been 
occurring  for  many  centuries  ;  where  the 
Romans  were,  where  the  Danes  were,  where 
tlie  Normans  werej  where  fire  and  sword 
and  pillage  and  massacre  were,  i^iu  i^"d 
again ;  wliere  Ulphus  the  eon  of  Toraldus 
hung  up  his  drmkiug-hom  of  elephatit's- 
too£  at  the  altar,  and,  by  that  token  filled 
with  wine,  bestowed  his  fruitful  lands  upon 
the  churdi  ;  where  all  manner  of  old  foun- 
dation and  usage,  pietr,  and  superstition, 
were,  and  a  great  deal  of  modem  wealth 
is,  a  very  interesting;  and  an  unimpeachable 
RiecTBtr}'  there  must  oe,  somewhere  !  " 

jSi  seai*ch  of  this  great  public  edifice,  the 
indefatigable  Mr.  Wfihwe  prowled  tlirough 
the  citj.      He  discovered    many  msnaiouB. 


roc.  ix 


2« 


HOXTBEHOLD  WORDS. 


r  CflBiluMal  I 


Ud  tKtUfied  LimseirnVMtut  the  aichltishop,  the 

tltraii,  the  precentor,  the  chftncelJor,  the  huI»- 

<U*Wit  the  four  ftfcJi<l  n  ..ri>.  the  t^^nnti*  rli^bt 

jrt*ebcoiimes,  the  js  1 

*iojii>y  the  !iev«n  h»> 

lh«  four  vergere,  uiui  liie  oi! 

*<aviiijt«  of  the   little  atafT  i. 

'      '      '       'if    he   oouid  not    s.ui'^n    JurTisi  n 
ivy. 

iu...    ..  —    '-'^"    >Jr  VV..n *-   .^.;-«  w,. 

thfiv  mil-     .  ,  , 

aiid  Lliat  where  ther^  was  a  wili  (wul  a  gn\'it 
lujtiiy   willB^  Uiere  was  no  w.iv  rit  all.  \\t  Ue- 
tQok  himaflf  to  the  Cat); 
*h>wu  hh  vnieommotilv   i 


cluiut 

he- 


ll*:' dill.  conm'lv't>f  ln)ni 111 lU  V   fi'"U"K 


liimi  WalLioe  inquirc<i   if  that  w;ia  to  bd 


nu'  answer  li 
Arehbibhop  ? 
when  the  aiM 
t\'u\  he  WMiit 
njpt'atfcl  thnt 


iiiolt  bill 
IH'Xpecteil 


liC 


il  LUstct'lll 

»Xt"8»    ijito 

■'    were 

1    the 

..,..»  Ihat 


V    i«?'^hr 


pre. 

p»<Uk-...   - 

such  as  is  nsu 
Itself,  OM  if  it 


liAVffj  of  ivjat,  iintl  I 
**  Do  yoTi  know  x^i 
askeid  A  fiirmer-looking  man. 
•'  Tlie  wa'at !  *'  haj*1  he. 
**The  Registry ;  where  ther  keep  the  wills  ? " 
*■  A'    «UnT!o(    kiiow    fwr   sliower,**   auid   th<« 
-  rrrtiiui.  "  Ding  J   if  I  ahoodji*t 
■  f  wiir  it !  " 
.M  '   '  '       ''      iTi^inp  ftp- 

I,  when  h< 

.    ..i..Lv.fhh.Hi— 

:i  lean-to^ — s<]nee;diug 
,  III  vury  go<Hl  rofwon) 
aahHUi'^d,  into  the  soiith-wc'^t  coni*>r  of  the 
f  rosB,  which  the  £ri*tmiid-pbn  of  thu  catheJml 
ftjrmH,  ftiid  sticking  to  it  11  k«^  a  dirty  little 
pimnle.  Bnt,  whnf  wnp  hi*^  disroav,  on  going 
thither t«»  I  lti»(  thi^actimlly 

WAS  the  I  I ly  ;  Mid  that  n 

*    i-n   wirjiiri,  \vn!«"n  wi. old  have  i    ■  ! 
I'-Dt  chandler's  shop^with  a,  jh- 
ii,.^..    ...iuimcy   111   it,  UUing  it   with  wai  .;.v 
like  A  Lftpljuid    hut,   wna    the    '*  Sefurehinc 

Mj\  Wjdiaee  wna  anon  tau^jtht  that  Rt'veii 
thoitBiind  pounds  p<*r  amittai  ia,  after  all,  but 
31  pi*or  jihtanrc  for  the  lipgistrRr  of  a  simple 
bUhopriek,  when  caleubited  by  the  ecdeaiaati- 
C!i\  mil*  of  thrt*«  ;  fur  the  registry  of  Cathedml 
nuuil)er  two,  produces  to  its  forfnnalie  p»- 
(euUes  twenty  thousantl  per  annum  ;  abouf 
ten  thourand  a  year  fi>r  The  lIiuyiHtnir  who 
<iloea   noti"' "^   the   like  amount  for  hi* 

Wallace 
iu  the  siii 


'    'to  tvjMVi-y  tr>  thft 
about  to  rciirK_% 
.    ..   ..lied  liira.      What 
'  i   li    for?     Mr.   W.nllacc 

I  i^  mI>;,  ,  t  was  wholly  litrrary 
and  Archfw>loj{»<*«"d.  1  he  thirf  clerk  who  herw 
eojne  iu  as  a  reinforcemr»Tit,  was  po  ^on<\  aj 
(o  ijitimab  that  he"d:'  f 

it."     Wherennon  astro  1.  1 

tlint  Mr.  WttJlaee  waiite.1   -  !y  to 

obtain   pedigrees,   and   to   c< 
pnr.-.--''M*    '.  !*ory   of    cr 
thi  1  V  th<?  he:i 

bv  ..     ,,        -'►v..,,,  f]y,  i:  , 


to  whom  3Ir. 
*d  hmi  in  state 
»y  a  Surrogate 


{apiMiTtiur ly  reUiiubLl  ou  pLaptjse  to  eross-ex- 

nmine  5tr  Walljice)  and  the  elerks.     Mr.  Wal- 

!  i  ioned    that   he  believed  the  Aj'ch- 

l  wi'itten  to  t!u^  Depnty  Keiristnur  to 

Mi   every  facility  in   consulting  the 

>   under  his  charge.    Tlie   Deputy 

owned    that   the   Aivhbish"!*  had 

but  d<»clared  that  the  Arehbisho 


4lone 


ao. 


JumI  nojurmlictiQn  whatever  over  liiiu  ;  and. 


have  held  his  position  ;i 

firmly.     At    length    fh 

trentv  were  proposed  by  th*-  *>jjyuiy,  ih. 

of  which  wore  tJlat  Mr.  Wallaee   »\u<u 

allowed  to  consult  any  records  doted 

the  vear  otie  thousand  four  hundred  ' 


the  fullne^a  of  a  ivgpcct  for  the 
which  they  IumI  refraim^l  fix»m  O'l        .      ,,  „ 
to    expre.ss  ; — Mr.    Wallace    iui;j;ht    coilfuis 
documents  up  tn  the  vo.irfiflrrii  hnndnvl. 

With  thi8  ! 
hice  was  obli:. 
to  venture  on  aaoliiLi  siipuJaLiua  ; — 

The  researehea  which  he  had   pn-jpowNl  tu 


.^11     Ji    Hi'  '1    u'i-!-(i   ii:-ili.i    I '14.    11  (-■»  I  ":  i*;t  ti 

by  the  J'.  Could  he  have  acccfiK  to 

I  the  doeu!  uiselvea  i 

The  ettect  which  this  Himple  request  pro- 
♦iiiced  iu  the  office,  wru  prodigious* !  A  small 
Mchnolboy  who  should,  at  diimer,  ask  for  a 
piece  of  the  master's  apple-pie  ;  or  a  drummer 
oa  ptuade,  who  should  solicit  from  his  cap' 
taiu  a  loan  of  tive  shilling,  could  not  produce 
nbllme  degree  ot  inJi  V- 

iji  that  which  glar 
^..M  iv  iiom  the  faces  of  tiie  : 
the  surrogate,  the  ehief  clerk, ; 
clerks,  then  and  there  fi^>.  n  i 
protluce<l  an;ounte<i  to  t (  ; 

the  principals  neither  H].  i  ^: 

eubordiuate«  left  off  writing  tuM  j>oking  the 
fire,  So  superlntlvi'  w.i;^  the  audnciry  ».<f  th»r 
request,  that  i I  thependii 

small,  rusty,  ■  ky  old   v  I 

dock,  and  8toppf*<i  tim  wrrka  ! 

Refusal  iu  words  wa,s  not  vouchsafed  to  Mr 
William  Wallace;  neither  did  hr  t  ^  *^  r 
eondeiiceiifiion.  The  wilent  but  exi>r 
t  omime  was  enough.     As  the  liiist  > . .     ,. . ^  . ; t 


THE  DOOM  OF  ENGUSH  WILLS. 


yesBgcsttire  of 

rt  TTWK  ;  so  Mr. 

tbftt  tubttat 


*i  baad  ft'/i 

f     ilf    !»»■.    !»<•■«  HUTU,        Ol-    III      illM.-iUlii 

to  St.  Piiiil"*  CAtbedml  withou 


Ht  tli«rt/o(rovsved  u»  pcri 
hmm  uf  the  trtaty,     Fw 
r,  ihc  iniilaovof  titAt  gv^tlcimui  u<  hunily 
:-r  t-n  hrti^:  tlwBU  ru.'qaniuteil  with  the! 
*h0  ln»»t   iuifioseil  on   tht>  i 


,  3Lp*  Eilwnrrl  Fro* 
I  oath,  thst  in  the 
I  he  h«<i  >isitc-fi  the 
■  '---  '-  -  '--  ■  --,1 
Uh!  aecmaolaliim  < 

makisi^  of  (be  Bch-^^.t  --^  ^ 

and  nmiiber  two^He  dtHskrei  its  docw 
\i  !:.i' .  '  * .  u  iKt  «  Kaaddoiw  «Ute,     *'  I  i 

itifiuctt,  •'^pcrfeclly   to    aecorci 
^  Hfiiiaii  I   h»<i   rect'iTied    from 

y  ami  anttqimrian  charnoti^rs 


have   owTi«»i  that   tli#   place  of  r 

frilb  ts  a  r»oni  not  !ii*e-j>roof,  vi 
bo<iy    knew;    bnt    that    it   wa>*  i 

Hump.  wHi<»h  WS13  not  in  acconlriri 
T  n<K'noe,     It  is  "«t«if 

ventY-rwo  feet  I<jiip, 

'       '    "^  ►♦  aixe  of  nn  nnnririrr 


not  veiy  colli  Vet,  lii  l«6r»,  u  has 

no  greater  u  tico*  thnii   it   had    in 

1832,   when.   i«^i  hiif »*,  it  was   not  fto  full  of 
<n\ok'?-  fw»  Mr  Williara  WtilUcc  fouml  it*     No 
'  tTiMing  w  amoke-prooC  any  racr© 

vise    of  th.     *         •         ..r-^,    =  .    ... 

which  w:4  ^ 

.    i'tweeii  th  ....   i,,4 

,n-i»e  tvorvl*,  **  H  ,  -t  to  l»e 

Thftt,  Mr.  Wallace  nepKed,  wtmlA  dejmA 
upcvu  the  facilities  alTonied  hini.  th*  otKudttioi!, 
of  the  calendara  aAil  iniJexe.»,  and  ih^  ftMbt- 
anee  he  might  t>e  allowed  to  call  in.  Aftor 
murh  hntthnf^,  the  conference  eudf*l  \>y  Mr. 
Wililim  A\allace,  and  ^  fri^'nd  who  accnjm* 
|vmied  hiju.  Knng  allowe*]  tu  h^et  to  wi  trk  n[K>n 
(in*  .^■.\..u.\'.r^  .a'  ^i,,.i,  umIU  fo5   had  been  de- 


AJi   tiLi  HpBoe  «ad  secaritj."     Some  of* 
thie   imtfi;^    lie  Ibvuiil    '■"   *"' 
^m  n  Ktata  of  the  mv 

OtLcni   iJi    "  two   aiMTtin 


the    wiLU   are 

with  common 

1  ;i'_^  to  them  ; 

\   lap  of  the 


their  res^'arciies   ' 

aminin^  their  dff - 

stale  of  filth  firom  the  siinike  wi«  I 

oflice  had  hern  i\\]c'\  fhiriiTCf  the  m 

of  this   i 

oV>lige<l  ' 

linen,      i 

aqch  a  I 


!iave  wmmenwd 
\'  t  oidv,  on  ex- 

iml  it  m  «Ttdi  n. 


-  their 


II     ,.-.11^       \f..    Wrr 


To  tba^voproleoled 
B«fSi«Unr  trw  potaHpa 
to  d«ftj  noeiitft;  hr  M 
adilitiQo    tltat.   ''If  U  V, 
•noa  t> 


|.r, 


'    ,  -^  _iimdr«d  iiud  tMitjpHiine,  the 

Dfipntr    HfegtMiv  Usmlf   i«   neoitled  to 


in  the  j>laee  v  i. 

tervciT ;    yet  I  r 

smoking  fate  with  tWtitud^.  U»o  wa»*  lu  U'-iii 
a  second  nfttui'c  ;  and  every  man  ^v^nneoted 
\?tth  the»«    Registries  mviwi    V.*e  v 

innreil  to  «lu8t.     Bnt  the  man  of  ^^ 


He    atid    hir*    friend   opcne«l   th'  i 

(liivftlv   111   the   tjice  of  the  en« 

V.  i     I  .  -io  |[rreiit  whb  their  nitloti  i 

A    li.ii  woiiid  become  a  little moi  i 

.(  ^s  auiuky. 

rhat   day  and   the  next  day  they  bored 

on  with  j)atience  and  pereeveranoe  throudi 

even*   obstacle.      Wlien   they   foimil    in  ihn 

;ioe  to  what  tliey  winted, 

iMle  tnts  thrown  in  their 

■I    dfjcinnent    "  •-    ■^'^•"'* 

,  or  had  Ml 
:...ri  reason  to  ' 


lost  J  or  had  1  ^ 
was  there  tht 
tlds  was  trae. 


£6 


HOUSEHOIJ?  WORDS. 


i 


^ 


searchers  that  one  cIam  of  documents  at 
leiuit  hnr!  hf»en  actually  made  away  with  by  a 
font  I  ReKi^trar*      Dr.   Thelwall,  of 

Nev  te  m  the  Gentleman's  Maga- 

jtiue  lor  i^iL*, pfige  four huurlred and  ninety: — 
**  It  is  ft  fact  well  known  that,  by  a  Canon  of 
Jtiaitm  the  Finst,  th*?  clergyman  of  every 
puiah  WK8  re<inired  to  H«na  a  copy  of  the 
Re^l^ister  annually  to  the  BLniliop  of  the 
Dioceee.  The  most  ehameful  negligence  is 
attributable  to  the  pei-son  (the  Dejiuty  Regis- 
tnir)  in  whose  keeping  they  have  been  place<l. 
Indeed  I  have  some  reason  to  flup(>ose  this,  iia 

I  lately  saw  in  the  poeseaaion  of  a  friendf  a 
great  number  of  extracia  from  the  Register  of 
a  certain  pariah  in  this  neighbourhood,  and, 
on  (jjuesttoning  him  as  to  the  way  in  which  he 
became  poaaeaaed  of  tliera,  I  was  infonu<.*tl 
they  were  given  to  him  by  lu»  cheeaemongnr, 
antf  that  they  were  copies  fon*'arfled  by  the 
clerkynian  of  the  pariah  to  the  proper  otficer 
in  a  D^irdering  dioceije,  and  had  oeen  allowe*! 
thritugh  the  negligence  of  their  keeper  to 
obtain  the  distinguiahe^l  honour  of  wrapping 
up  cheese  and  bacon." 

Tliia  mode  of  "  preaserving"  such  documents 

II  accounted  for  by  Sir  William  Betham, 
Ulster  King  at  Arms,  in  his  evidence  before 
the  Committee  of  1832 ; — he  had  occasion  to 
flearohat  Cathedral  number  two,  and  went  for 
the  express  purpose  of  searclilng  manuHcripts 
of  Parish  Bi^iatera.  Ha  found  them  lying 
unarranged  and  unconeultable  in  the  o^ce. 
He  asked  the  reason,  and  was  answered  that 
the  Act  of  Farliameut  which  ordered  this  claaa 
of  fiecords  to  be  sent  to  the  Biahop^a  R*^try 
gave  no  direction  about  —  (was  there  ever 
such  a  piece  of  jmrliameutary  treason  against 
even  the  lay  childien  of  Mother  Church  J) — 
fees. 

The  flale  of  Reeoi'd%  for  waste  paper,  waa 
the  mvHle  adopte<i  to  revenge  the  meannesa 
of  the  Icifmlature,  In  not  providing  the  under- 
laid Itegistnira  with  remuneration  for  this 
addition  to  their  duties.  Was  it  poaaible  to  keep 
lil'o  and  soul  together  ujx>n  the  ten  or  fifteen 
thousands  sterling  T>er  annum  which  these  two 
p4Xjr  fellows  were  then  obliged  to  starve  upon  1 
Cort^ily  not !  Therefore,  t^j  eke  out  a  "wretched 
exiistence,  they  found  theniaelves  diiven  to  sell 
the  pnjperty  of  the  public,  if  not  for  the  ne- 
ce-saarics,  for  the  luxuries,  of  life.  They  had, 
perhaps^  managed  to  keop  their  families,  by  a 
rigid,  pincliing  economy  in  bread — drj*  bread ; 
but  to  butter  it ;  to  indulge  themselvea  with 
the  proper  diet  of  even  Church  mice,  th^y  were 
obliged  to  dispose  of  paper — worth,  p*;rhar«3, 
thousanda  and  thouaanas  of  pounda  to  toe 
parties  whose  names  wer©  inscriti^d  on  it — 
at  a  few  pence  per  pound^  to  the  clieese- 
monger. 

From  this  doom  of  some  of  the  parochial 
records  of  the  province,  Mr*  William  Wallace 
inferred  the  degree  of  care  and  exactitude 
with  which  the  wills  were  kept.  Previous 
knowledge  had  prepared  him  for  it ;  but  he 
wm  not  prepared  to  find  that  the  vhok  of 


another  and  mo«t  important  class  of  records^ 
op  to  a  compamtively  late  date,  had  be«i 
aljstracted,  in  the  lump,  from  the  Registry  of 
this  Cathedral  number  two.  llie  caec  waa 
this  ;— 

In  the  course  of  his  investigations,  it 
neceaaary  for  him  to  refer  to  a  "marv" 
allegation,^' — that  ia,  a  copy  of  the  RUit 
made  by  a  bridOTOom  ijreviouft  to  coijn 
himself,  by  the  help  ot  the  Bishops  1 
into  a  husband.  He  then  learnt  that  m 
such  doeuineuta  are  the  "private  prop*irtv" 
of  one  of  the  clerks,  who  Kept  them  in  W 
own  private  hoode ;  that  he  had  bought 
them  of  a  deceased  member  of  the  Herald*s 
College^  and  that  for  each  search  into  then* 
he  charged  accoi'ding  to  a  sUding  scaJc*^  ar* 
ranged  according  to  the  station  of  the  appli- 
cant,  the  luiiiximum  of  which  was  live  |x)unds 
for  the  sim{>le  aearcb^  and  five  fiounds  tuore 
if  what  the  pwty  wanted  were  found.  Th* 
English  of  this  ia,  that  the  present  cust^iier  of 
these  pajwra  purcliased  of  a  dead  Hrndd  what 
did  not  belong  to  liim  ;  and  what  tlit-ix-  conid 
have  been  no  difficulty  whatever  in  restoring 
to  the  true  owner  ;  (because  no  one  could  have 
known  lx?tter  than  the  purcbaner  that  thi 
were  pul)lic  proi>erty)  ;  and  that  their  proj 
place  was  not  his  private  house,  but  the 
vineiid  Registry.  The  produce  of  this 
atraction  is  an  illegal  income  better  p^issil 
than  the  legal  gains  of  an  Admiral  or  a  Go- 
vernment Commissioner ;  double  that  i»f  a. 
physician  in  good  practice.,  or  of  a  pliilan- 
thropiat  in  easy  circumstancea, — and  treble 
that  of  our  best  dFamatist,  or  our  best  poet^ 
This  manifest  abuse  is  so  [perfectly  established' 
and  recognised,  that  the  fortmiate  posseaaor 
of  the&e  documentary  mines  of  wealth  deliver* 
his  little  hilJH  for  feea  on  ivguliir  printed  forms. 

Besides  these  hindrances,  which  rould  not 
be  helped,  a  certain  number  of  wilful  obstruc- 
tions were  thrown  in  the  way  of  ourinouiring 
Mends,  because  they  had  been  desired  Ijv  the 
Archbishop  to  be  placed  on  the  fee  frw-list. 
They  were  watchea  by  the  entire  oftice  ;  fur  it 
became  Argus  for  the  ocoaaion.  Remarlcs  of 
a  satirical  character  were  discharged  poin^ 
blank  from  behind  the  deaks,  whenever  a 
gooil  o(>ening  occurred.  The  non-paying 
search eiii  were  **  in  the  way  " — (this  was  true, 
so  unfit  is  the  apartment  for  public  accotnmo- 
tlation) ;  "  what  people  got  they  ought  to  pay 
for,  as  other  people  did. '  Spies  slid  silently 
out  £i*om  beluud  the  ram(:»ai't8,  or  (leska,  to- 
look  ovt«r  their  shoulders,  and  to  a«e  that  they 
did  not  purloin  any  information  posterior  to^ 
the  fifteenth  century. 

Mr.  William  Wallace  stood  all  this  man> 
fully;  but  his  ally  was  obliged  to  retire 
at  the  expiration  of  the  second  day.  Mr. 
William  Walhice  at  length  found  he  could 
not  advance  the  objects  of  his  inquiries  any 
more  efficiently  at  this  Cathe^lral  uumlier 
two,  than  he  had  advanced  them  at  (^atheilral 
number  one  ;  bo,  at  the  end  of  a  week,  he  beat 
a  dignified  retreat  with  all  the  honoun  of  war* 


THE  IRlSn  "STATIONERa" 


S9 


\n  the  uzum- 
i;U     mutiber 


U'-Ihiil:  ii>i    it''H<- 


THE   IRISH  ".siAll<.>NER.S/* 

_•*  Tp  %  oil  wfikr  o  luintlkcrcWef  tied  on  your 
'  »*  ttbW  to  [yfisa  every  when?  with- 

,  hnMn?ver,  to  adopt  thi»  counter* 
let!  wilt  of  A  pik'iim,  uiy  compimion 

l\»ittuitu.  You  vrill  tit  Icjiitt  be  careful  not 
lo  »bow  nil}  diKreapef't,  nor  pry  too  much 
ittio  wliAt  you   miky  see    going   on    ai*oiind 


1      I  ftsnirvd  him,  tl-*  *-  •     ■■'•  -  -  ■    '-hlxiurs 

la  ibicir  cvoedmi                                 ■.<  what 

I  almoM  K.  ^ 

f                                           ,;  ..ivriilor<\ 

fuomu*' 

sity  ti'iihin 

4Niali«n«r 

'■'-''  made  ?ir* 

JMIgMIlt 

1   thtit  celebmted 

HUa^m 

i^^rimjige  ex  is  tin;; 

-OOl    • 

i'ounty  Done^-al, 

ri»>^ 

^    ias  tilleen  thou- 

vi.;:i  ;     j  •   ■ 

i<. tired  to  do 

1'  ■  ,-.> 

rn  the  Hrat 

^  ' 

vM-uBt  in  ^^ch 

» 

:hiil  the  Qiimtters 

ff 

ri  of  1&50,  is  not 

pn.^. 

1. 
Iioura'  duration. 

ch. 

li  Ki-ne,  whose 

•^■' 

.  k 'n  by  woody 

V,    irin^  their  velvety 

1  .H  with  «'han«eAble 

■nntfu 

•     r  and 

IPir 

L'd  the 

1  anr,is,  an«l, 

|i:t 

igo,  entered 

yi^^ 

road  became 

K^ 

r  and  less 

F^- 

!.>r©  scraggy 

^ 

i    the   bnd    iwggier    and 

».i. 

last  thf*  xievr  on  eVery  side 

pr»*»jutc4  u.*ilii 

u^'  imt                    V  hills^  with 

mnrah    nt   th^^ir 

tWt.  n                    heather  on 

here  and  there  a 

s,  scarcely    dia- 

weaibcr-l»e«teD  rocks 

•f   turf   which    were 

^-  -  ■ 

-.  ^.iie«rless  uplands. 

L 

13  ting-oar  at  a  hovel  by  the 
fde3  on  foot  towards  the 

fK^ 

He 

vFM  about  a  mile  tliatfint. 

V. 

^Ay  paaaed  many  pilgrims 
from,  it, and  now  soon 

gr; 

nversation  with  three 

irrying  the  uaual 
1   buniUe  on  her 

'     '           Hbtty 

..f  the 

"^'•\n 

iiOweA-er,  liAii 

1  Vl 

■in 
gii   t't-um   tli^  i*fuoti?st  tkittth- 

em  cc»merg  of  Ireland^  others  (but  thest*  of 
course  not  ou  f«x)l,)  from  various  parts  of 
EiJjj(lHnd  iuwl  Soothuid^  aud  mmy*^  *ivei»  from 
Anu^rii'fu  It  was  by  uo  means  im  imuauid 
thin.!:,  I  was  a!isure«\  that  a  prsoii  should 
ori»38  the  brond  Atliintio  fr»r  the  stii^de  pur- 
poat«  of  "  making  the  wtatioiw  '*  hero.  In  most 
of  such  imitAnocfl,  and  indc-ed  in  mmiy  of  the 
othcxB,  the  pilgrimage  ia  undertaken  in  di»- 
char^e  of  vows  made  during  fdrkness,  Ot 
the  renminder,  the  miyority  are  vttluntary 
penitents  ;  the  uumber  of  those  on  whom  the 
penance  is  enjointxl  by  their  pricarts  being,  it 
IS  said,  very  small. 

Tht'  Lough  soon  uidblded  itself  to  our  sight ; 
an  in^es^ilar  sheet  of  wat«r  that  seeme<l  about 
two  mih's  acroas,  surrtmnded  by  a  wining 
cnrcle  of  wild  bniwn  hills.  8'v-.r.l  ...•♦M»n 
ialanda   were   strewn  on  its  sui  a 

small  fleet  of  white washeil  hou  ^  l^d 
together  "stem and  stem,"  which  rtppeannl  to 
float  on  the  water  about  half-.a-mile  from  the 
shore  where  wc  stood,  aoon  nioiinpoUsed  onr 
attention.  These  edifices  are,  in  reality^  Imilt 
upon  the  StAtion  laland,  almost  hiding  it  from 
view  (its  dimensions  being  prob.il^ly  uo  more 
than  one  hundred  ym^h  by  forty).\ind  com- 
priise  two  Chapels,  the  Prior's  house,  and  tzve 
lotlging-houaes.  At  the  end  of  the  pilgrim* 
season  the  island  is  altogether  desertt.Mi. 

On  the  small  iicrap  of  ground  uubuilt  upon 
near  the  oeutna  of  tte  Isuuid  rose  a  noliuur 
tree  ;  and  round  this,  and  across  by  tlie  wall 
I  of  one  of  the  hoiLsea,  and  disappearing  behind 
its  gable,  we  couM  see  a  constant  succession 
of  figure*  moving  in  Indian  file. 

After  satisfying  our  first  curiosity  with  this 

Ivi-ospect,  nnd  leaiiiing  that  it  would  probablj 
)e  a  conaidi?rubl?  time  l>efore  the  appearance 
of  a  boat  to  ferry  ua  m-roaa,  we  joined  (with 
some  consciousness  of  an  un-pilgrim-like  ex- 
terior) a  party  of  pilgrims  who  were  lolling 
on  the  gtiiaa  be«ide  a  boat-tjuay  of  nnie 
stone8,and  not  far  from  a  building  resembUng 
a  coach-house,  inscribe*!  "  Pilgrim  Tjodg*?, 
which  had  a  thinl  of  its  length  inside  cut  oft 
by  a  wootieu  partition,  and  a  slit  in  this  with 
*'  Tickets  "  written  above.  Not  without 
qualms  in  concealing  my  character  of  u 
heretic,  though  determined  not  to  assume 
that  of  a  true  believer,  even  ao  far  as  it  might 
havi?  been  accomjUishe*!  by  takiug  off  my 
gloves  and  brushing  my  hut  the  wrong  way 
(thia  suggested  itself  to  me,  I  confeas),  I  re- 
clined among  the  way-woni  and  anxiona 
company. 

Two  wrinkled  old  women,  who  had  made 
the  pilgrimage  many  tianes  before,  conversed 
oarnejstly  ab<mt  the  picture  of  the  Virgin  at 
Rimini,  said  to  have  lately  become  endowed 
with  motion  ;  I'cpeatedly  ejaculating  their 
praiftfs  and  thanks  in  reference  to  the 
mirru^ile  ;  thoitgh  as  to  whether  its  dirfot 
object  was  the  cursing  of  ProteatantA  or  the 
Ideasing  of  C^atholics,  they  were  una>>l<^  to 
form  a  e<jnclusion.  A  stout,  midtU^-a^e^l 
wonmu,  with  u  IjoaXV  \iTO«ga«^  ^ho  »«)i»l 


1 


— (lir    J. 


«nc ^. 

im   to   liow   >' 

othtiTS  ;  au^l  iri>m  tlii*,  ^ujiitnl  tu  tlic  i 
dlH|x.uitiMii  ^>(  til©  j)eo|>l«,  it  n^aiilt*  tl. 
tormalioii  iti  tinMst  rejwlily  t!}veu  to  th» 
c^xivf I'K    hy  Uiusc   who    have    been   n  i 

But  iioMT  the  (itleution  of  the  old  m 
who 
hy 

mik,  .... 
be   ul   li 

ltd  iviiiiy  it  wxfc  htu\l   U)  uvind 
!  br  thi*  ?iin])le  riouuetice  and 
i  whicii  ho  «poke 
to  fall   t)ii    Ihe 

\klA    'II    til''     flHhi'S  <>I    tl*'     ;-r;i,    uMil     Oil 

tho  tViiits  of  tho  ciulh,  mid  -  i  il  iiid,  oa 

now  ill  r *    fTiltiliuuiit ;    in   N^iii'/li   the 

by     nuirmuiing     &iiort  I 
ijiuytms,  !'■   iUt'ir  ho.uhi  atid  t'yt"*. ! 

Thi^ii   en  <d  llie  rest    how  the 

V  lost,  with  it*  cttrgo 


WMim  11 
piuytms, 
*h«^ii   en 

of  ptliTiiuis  "<id    hew  it  ia  /<>  ^^   h>«t  the  tbll^ 
timt:  ,  and  Ufxl»  the  (j|ivt«tiou  4Lixi*t\  whether 
(Jio^*^  ISO  drowiu^l  jiJ-«  etntitled  to  smy  B|i«>m1 
"  U<  iietit  "  in  the  future  mate  fran*  the  nature 
of  their  dcnth  ;  upciti  which  opinions  Boenidd 
to  *tiJl'i'4-.     A   CMiisidcrablc  time  wore   on   in  I 
talk  of  this  kind,  iuiiig:lt'd  with  isgiiie  iuter- ' 
ciifiti>:t'<  '»)  (••Milidrjuc  ou  MU'tv  jM^t-itciiijd  ailftii^. ' 
in  wiiieli  I  rcmni'licd,  iia  I  uftcii  h/ive  ftiuo!i;;^t  i 
th<   liinli  j>en*{uilry,a  hi^h  iiverstp^c ofdilicuy  , 
oi'   liijiiiuer,   Ix/th    in   naking   aini   Auswcring 

1  luuy  lueatiou,  that,  hearing  one  noifson 
iiliuded  to  tw  "»  Stjilioncr  fi\»m  Stralwoe,'* 
[  Inbouvcd  for  aoiuc  time  tuidcr  the  mistake 
that   he  '  '  -    '       I  .  sold' 

|iu]»er,«]i  t'uwhetl 

upon  mt'  iL.Kii i...L.,i     -y,^  Liir^' ni^huieal 

nuine  for'  n  Pilj^'t  im^ 

An  old  hu^le  pounded  from  Pilgrim  Lodge 
iiot  ^iAving  buccecded  in  calliiiig  to  wa  the 
attention  of  those  ou  the  Lihuid,  the  oon- 
vurHittion*  ttt  htmt  in  the  kitor  of  Sutioticre 
with  wluch  I  caii4oi-to<h  graduttlly  dr<Ji*}ied, 
ami  1  ^ais  left  to  qiubq  m  eidence  over  the 
nuuiy  stifuige  fA>ct«  &ud  traditions  connected 
Viith  the  hike,  wliose  dear  water  was  rippliut? 
over  little  iMihbleij  up  to  the  gra&s  ou  which 
we  hvy,  while  its  iiiLk  were  lujw  cliecred  witli 
Biiufihiiie  Ainid  the  breadtiu  of  shallow  thrown 
ou  thcni  by  i*  circle  of  great  white  clouds 
lauged  wt  tfieir  backa,  Fionn-loiigh,  the  Fair 
Lake,  was  it^  uauie,  B.iy  the  old  legends,  until 
bftptiited  Lough  l>erR,  the  lied  like,  in  the 
bkiod  of  A  moiiiiter  wbo  Lnhubited  it,  fthdu  by 
Siiiut  Patrick.  Whether  the  ishvnd '*  PurgR- 
lory  '*  WM8  ufitinUished  in  the  fifth  century  by 
tlie   s;uiit   hiniJ5.'Il',  or   in   the  ninth,   or  the 


u  the  itcKit  in  \^ 
hn  aayon  the  mn'v. 

H  crt'V,d  ul'  iiL\v   pilgiiniJ*  v 
wc  Are  now  waiting.     All  ; 
the   blind  old  nioii    in   huidtii*^^ ;    a  w>. 
hiuxtl   iovjiehf'S  lii» ;     and    CW^idfin. 
pauaiiig.  ext'lrLiaifi,  in  ft  tone  of  sn — r'-- 
tfled  wifh  d<^i']»  fHclini^f  *•  That  5- 

Jiridgct   CruifJLi  I  "      He  wrta  not    , 

was   the   hand   of   hi«   first    love,   wlio 
iiwpiivdi  his  tineat  »ong  when  hlji  hear 
wttrin  and  his  ^'eiiiuH  in  its  pritne  ;  th' 
had  bc«n  a  aUrfiuger  to  the  touch  oi 
many  u  loii^  year, 

liy  this  time  a  coueoun^  of  betw<M»n  tli 
wid  furty  Tttlgrima  have  arrived  ui    '  ■ 
some  of  them,  to  my  comfort,  n 
All  th«  women,  rich'  and  pinir,  art 
but  not  (dl  the  men  ;  for  it  vb  not 
juoeH.3an.- to  take  off  th+*  ^'"^"^  -n*:?  ♦».- 
of  the  ]>riuuiee  be  eoin 
kmt,    n    liirj^'e   ciuni^y 
over  the  stern -fiheeifi,   quitH   ih> 
•lowly  nenrs  the  qotiy  ;  the  dehiy  i 
caused  by  ita  alwienee  on  a  tripVi  th<^ 
Inland,*  diatAnt  alwjut   a  qiinrter  of 
from  Station    I**hind.      It  r  ^ 

and  tluf  piiKsfncora,  chiefly  v. 
and  exi'  r.eting*  bt 

thoeo  wii  lit  to  lak- 

tatter  obi.. ,u  ...  ^^L-i,  price  ftij.|.v.-.  ,   ,. 
from  the  Leaaee  of  th^^  igLunl,  n  kIi 
jovial  maji,  ireorin;;  a  gkizeti  bat.  who 
on  every  trij>,  and  \u\b  a  g^ood-han 
for  cvorybotly  ;  the  bt^at  {/eta  icv:i^ 
with  t>^WBi^ugerei ;  the  rowcM  :i  place  titoiut^tdi 
two  or  three  to  each  of  the  heavT  our*  :  lb« 
rope  is  cast  off,  and  we  crawl  away  h-- 
shore^  iiu]>elled  with  short  splaahiug  - 
and  steered  by  the  Lessee  hinn*elf,  eeau- 
nealli   the  awuin^^  among  the  "decent'* 
nority   of  the   eoiupaiiy,  who  |j«y   'A  tthli 
each  for  thifi  di8tiug\u4ili(<d  pontion  on 

At  the  Island  quay  loauy  of  both  sexea 
waiting  to  reoeive  tbs  new'  anivala.    We 

*  SAlutH  tatftod  «u  tbc  oripmMl  altflof  the  Pnrnl 
bot  WM   (uittxd  U,  be  tan  UCMMlole  frotp  th«  flbcw.     It  i 
UiM  tbe  roltife  of  ui  abbey,  uid  •««»•  fertlto  of 
pUgrtans  vtait  It  occuioBtllj. 


anii  ]»a3e  tip  nt  |  ct?e<l»  to  a  rt»ck  qd  a  riiiog  groiintl^  and  thero 


IpimIr   til 


their 


broken  stem  oV 
I  four  feet  high, 
emboUlslmiei  ' 
mee   to\uh\   tl 
;icli  tuiie 
his  back  a 

;j)  ami8^  declares 

i   t\.r.  Flesh,  and 

is  to  the 

of  ix^rhapi 

Burromided  nv 

'hrce  feet  liigli, 

1  o  tlie  irne- 

;.!<?  the 


the    central    cir)^, 

tlif  n«it  j?^'/,  where 

ve<^! ;    thence  to 

^li  ,  aflcr  whieh 

two  of  the 

"\v\rh  spreiid 

St  the 

Thifl 

iii?.«  wunoutj  and 

atoge  13  to  the 

.11  isliore»  where  ten 

puttied  wtntjdfTi;^:,  and 


i'';.'Ttv^.   I'f   tw 


Frum  t.h< 


pro- 


ne full  li.  ..>tUi  Itilniijkit^d.     A 

r  who   iw  d   in  liis  diitiaB, 

:iiiil   t^et  rao>t>  so  harmo- 

thiit    tyich    pruyer    ooiu«b 

'        proper    part    t>f    tlie 

r  huny  or  dtlav»     A. 

.-.....,„_...  ,n.  ;.  nt  i;i i./r,...  ... 

tune,  it) 

grave  ih-  .  ■   ■  ,. 

iiud  idleuesa. 

After  looking  am  closely  m  we  might,  witJi- 

^>o  curioua  ftt  the  nevier-ending:, 

4  pi"Oce88iyn  ronnd    th*'  <*Jio|»^| 

we  entered  ox      "    '     ^    '         - 

we    wore   c- i  ' 

L   L«:;i    and    lllV:u,l    and    Vmiifi.        *>  <.-    miji^uf. 

e  had  niont  too.  for  the  nakin^  ;  nil  things 

i,f  lutv-tn!  hf-fore  the  0'>iiii>A*i).,',on.-fit  ..rutV.^r 

'-uof  onc'b  '  :^- 

^  :    the  Ui^'  II 

three  miies  of  the  Liike  i«  strictly  piYjhibited. 

Whilp'  enjo\'inK  o»ir|ciTp  of  t*^^l  Ohmfdi  l!>e 

I  &icy,  A  sniftck  of  '  r 

forms  it«  diluent, >w 

•  notion  of  a  pilgnni  ,i  iuiime 

last.    It  is,  we  find,  usually  «& 

iui'.vK-  — .->ay  that  he  enters  tin    ^  '    ^    tn 

Moudny  evening  ;  he  sjecures  a  i* 

sistent   witii  his  means, — the  lo  i  -^ 

ranpiTig  froru  a  snu^  alated  hou>  !, 

and  the  number  expected  to  sleep  I, 

bearing  an  inverse  proportion  to  tlie  c^ost, — 

takes   care  to   eat  a  hearty  meal,  and  then 

repaim  to  evening   pravers  at    the   Chapel, 

where  he  heirs  the  niglitly  warning  against 

in-orthodox  practices  while    on   the    Isklaoii  j 

amongst  which  are  included  the  use  of  intoxi- 

catingdrinks, a!ma-givinga,and  **< — i*. -.:.;» 

that  is  to  sa3%  expreti^oiifl  of  i^eli 

or  jov,  aa  unfit  for  a  time  of  p)«7Ti;i.i,         .-      i 

a  nigtit,  prolxibly,  of  aoxind  reix^ae.,  in  spite  of 

all  inconveniences,  he  is  roused  at  font  ou 

Tuesday  morning  by  the  bell  which  »ainmoTj& 

hint  to  join  the  multitude  alwut  to  floek  to 

the  Prior's  mominv  mass  *,  that  ovar,  he  in 

I  likely  to  set  himself  to  make  his  firat  statical 

*  round  the  Chanel  and  the  Beds.  V  '    se 

[  stations  must  w  accomplished  dn  y, 

but  the  time  when  is  left  to  his  i^  :^ 

perform  all  the  three  without  int- 

I     On  Tti'-'*"^' '^^-'''"'^   Unt^T.^f  ► 

'  since  t! 

j  refresh   i 

'and  then  goes  into  "  Prison."     It  i»  ueuessaai^ 

'  for  the  true  appreciation  of  the  nature  of  hm 

-  to  nndei"stand  that  the  tpit?^  is  the  b«:»cgy- 

/onred  water  of  the  lake,  drank  hot.    The 

-riuis  speak  loudly  of  its  whol-  i- 

-;,   ay   well  as  of  its   rich   au  i  s 

:  Tiavour  ;  bat  on  the  second  point,  ..i  ■■  --    uiy 

I  opinion  vh  d'\«5t\ncl\v  o^poawi  V>\i^^^^s.    Tl\ey 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


(C«BaaeM4«ff 


o-triuiK-  however,  g;ive  tho  beet  proof  of  their 
■y  driiiking  it  in  brge  quantities,  and 
-  olraoat  8oa]<!ir«g  out  of  the  kettk. 
About  Bevpn  o'clock,  tlit?ii,  our  SUUioiier  goes 
into  "  rrisoiw"  that  is,  into  the  Chiipe!, 
na  substitute  lor  the  now  oblitemted  purga- 
torial cave ;  to  stay  without  i'wd  or  sleep 
until  the  sniue  hour  on  the  folio wiuj^  evening. 
He  is  not.  however,  obligwl  >ibsokttely  to 
remain  witlun  the  thjora  of  the  Chajx'l  Juring 
the  whole  of  the  tiiue,  but  hits  liberty  to  posB 
in  and  out,  under  certiiu  restrictiona. 

In  the  Clmp*h  the  men  are  grithered  ou  one 
aide,  the  women  on  the  other,— some  of  them 
on  »  bench  that  runs  round  the  wall,  some  on 
the  nlUr-stepe,  hut  most  on  the  ground,  aeatetl 
or  kneeling.  When  the  bhades  of  evening 
hjwe  deepeneil,  a  few^  candles  are  liyhteil  here 
And  there,  throwing  fmnt  glimnienngB  over 
the  confusetl  gi*oui)8, — the  women  in  blue 
clonkfl  or  red  shiiwla,  drawn  over  the  heiuU  of 
lunny  of  the  wearers ;  some  coti  vending  in 
whispers,  some  gioaning  und  rocking  them- 
selve-s  ;  some  in  eornei^  tcllinc;  t!ieir  Iteads 
with  ceaseleaa  perseverance  ;  the  men,  with 
eoloured  haiidkerchiefa  or  nightcttm  <»n  their 
hejuls,  and  all  barefoot  (as  ai-c  tlic  women, 
too,  though  less  obviously),  occu|ned  in  a  some- 
what simihir  manner ;  vjiried,  oceJiKionally, 
by  the  umging  of  a  hymn,  to  which  a  pilgrim 
plays  a  tivmmous  accompaniment  on  the  flute. 

About  midnight,  some  one  well  acquainted 
with  the  ritual,  and  who  n«>t  unproudly 
ftssumea  the  otfic©  of  teiupomry  leader,  com- 
mences the  Rosary  alo^d,  and  ib  followed  by 
all  ]  I  resent ;  the  re^jwnsee  being  audibly 
repeated  by  them  in  the  pro]ier  phiees.  They 
are  now  performing  one  btatiou  of  the  prison- 
day,  with  the  same  prayers  as  are  nsed  on  the 
other  days  in  performing  the  Stations  out  of 
dmn's ;  and  to  mark  their  progress  the  more 
plainly,  the  leader  caUa  out  at  ijitervala  j^m 
tuH  place  on  the  altiir-atepp,  "  Now  the  Bed  on 
the  top  of  the  hill  ;"  "  Now  the  Big  Bed  ;" 
**  Now  the  Stone  ;"  and  so  on,  assigning  the 
proj»er  prayers  to  each  stage  of  the  imaghmry 
jx^nimbulation. 

ITiree  Stations  have  tlms  to  l»e  gone  through 
occupying,  perhaps,  from  four  to  five  h out's  ; 
at  the  end  of  which  time  the  candles  have 
bnmt  and  guttered  away,  and  the  new  day- 
light looks  in  through  the  Chapel  windows  on 
«  liot,  sleepy,  and  raoat  uncomtort^^ble  cruwd  ; 
Borne  of  whom  begin  to  stretch  their  cramped 
limbn  and  seek  the  refreshment  of  open  air, 
even  at  the  riak  of  an  increased  appetite,— 
under  the  circum8taiiceri  a  mos+t  unde&irable 
acquirement ;  for  the  con3umptif>n  of  as  much 
as  a  cruDib  of  bread  would  cause  them  to 
"  lose  the  benetit  of  their  Station,*^ — a  possi- 
bility which  ia  always  hanging  in  terror  be- 
fore the  mind'a  eve»  of  the  pugi-iuia.  With 
bumpers  of  wine,  howevei',  they  lu'e  pei-mitted 
to  regale  themselves  unreatrictedly, 

la  the  eoui"Ke  of  this  day  the  Prisoner  iai 
examined  by  a  priest  on  the  leadiug  points 
of  hid  creed,  iuid  if  hia  auawera  be  Hutij^factory, 


he  is  {nditdtd  into  the  Oonfefiiiozial  by  mQHYn 
of  a  ticket,  for  which  the  Prior  r* 
peneci,  and  which  the  holder  ma\  , 
any  of  the  four  priests  on  the  ifihuid. 
sum,  and  that  f>aid  at  tlie  ferrj^^  ai*e  th* 
charge.H  incuiTed  by  the  pilgrim,  in  AdditiQU 
to  those  for  his  lx)ani  and  lodging. 

On  Wednejiiday  evening  (huviug  gone  into 
prison  on  Tuesday  evening)  lie  is  present  lit 
evening  ju-ayers,  though  vwietlier  in  a  «tate  of 
very  vig^dant  attention  may  Iw  doubtetl  ;  aflw 
which  he  is  released;   and  returning  (i  Vrj; 
hxkdng-house,  refi-eahes  his  Mx\r.\ 
with  the  stated  allowance  of  bn  :t  i 
white,  and  the  usual  unlimited  fto»  ol 
In  a  great  many  cAses,  however,  tea  i 
mittej    Ilia   next  step,   it  can 
doubts,  is  to  btKl ;  where  he  slti 
till  roused  at  four  on  Wedni    ' 
renew  bin  acfiuaintaiice  with  t 
Beiis  outride.     The  rain,  perl  i.j-.   -    .>. 
fiercely  at  hia  window.     No  Ijelj* — he 
brave  it;  and  aa  he  easts  a  ^lllM[  I.    in 
out  into  the  dim,  miserable  ■ 
a  string  of  drenched  figures  ;ii 
along   the   prescribed    course,    tniiiu^    lluur 
"  rough  road  i\;tumiug  in  a  n<und,"  w)»r.»  ImV'^ 
probatdy  been  so  ongagetl  during  tlie  - 
pait  of  the  night;    for  pilgnnm   conn 
their  jjenances  when  they  ehooae,  and  jui  ti 
various  stages  are  going  on   in   the  IsUii 
■  simult^meouHl)'* 

This   third   day,  Thursday,  the  Stationer 
**receivea"   (the   Communion i    n.-.l.  ^   ili,.,. 
Stations,  and   attends  evenii 
mediately  after  which   Iub  p 
end.     He  may  be  supposed  to  eat  a  h* 
nieid  (the  tirat  since  MondAy),and  wither  ipiii 
the  Island  that  evening,  or  remaina  until  the 
following  morning. 

Thex"e  are  some,  however,  who  "  ii 

six  ihiys'  penance,  and  a  few  nine  •!  \ 

every  ceremony  1  have  descril)ed  in  p. »; 
— ^in  the  firat  cjujo  twice,  in  th»^  second 
I  wjis  told  of  a  woman  who  atleniL*  fui    ....... 

days  regularly  every  season.  In  mowt  iu- 
Htances,  it  is  said,  there  is  u  perceptible  im- 
provement, on  their  return  home,  iti  the 
conductof  those  who  have  made  a  jtilgrimage  j 
but  it  is  admitted  at  the  same  time  that  the 
eflect  with  the  gieat  majority  is  traiwient;  iti 
term  of  duration  being  very  uncejrta.in, 

TVTiilst  we  were  at  tea  in  the  lodging-hou«e. 
pilgrims  were  constantly  awaj-miug  in  aiiti 
out,  like  liees  in  a  hive  ;  one  asking  another 
if  he  were  "  in  Prison,"  or  **  going  out  '*  (t.  t^ 
of  the  Island)  ;  or  what  Station  he  wa.s  in  ; 
or  mentioning  that  he  had  just  mmle  hi^  third 
in  fifty-one  minutes  (implying,  l>y  the  way, 
the  possession  of  a  watch)  ;  in  idl  the  motley 
crowd,  however— there  and  elsewhei*^— every 
one  appeared  to  me  to  behave  with  great 
seemliness  and  consisteiney. 

AImiui  six  o'clock  in  the  evening,  we  went 
to  the  Chapel,  and  lieard  the  Prior  preach. 
His  sermon  was  an  excessively  strange  one  to 
unaccustomed    em's  :    for  he  addrosaed    his 


GERMAN  ADVERTISEMENTS. 


there  i>  - 

ftl  is^nt 

:ug    bvjt 
.hI'  la.lv 


kI    llic  Trior  stKtkt^  Jiku  a 
tntrrest  in  whnt  li* 
jis  Isuiguage,  til' 


•    vciy   itiui.'U    to    tlif 
it  ion.   on   the   ^vli 
;  Imt  there  ts 
u«   who    encoui 


ptioagly^womi^  n?j»nA«f(»,  In  itarcuthesis,  Irtmi 
werf*  uK-ient  from   the 
herefure,  we 

ima   on   the 
I  uur  vi5.n  to  be  about 


83 


tender  in  them.    The  nerer 
i^i-siMe^cting  the  fortuno  of 
ws  that  these  urc  any- 
;ho   hf-nrt.     A  iiii<l<lle- 
of  money,  generally 


vl, 


nred  to   the 
*  Hc»at,  autici- 1 

>,     ;    ...lily  ivstored 

A  nv\y  ^xxoup  -jf  Sta- 
w  tvi  I  i  It  I  uf   t  rannj  k>  rt  cition, 
hat  iti-hamed   to 
mUI    the*? 
•lie  Church, 
not  pnrsne  out 
A  hen  all  Ii< 
r  tlje  uicli 
Lipproftcheu 
our  ruail 
"^s  stootl 
-ky,  it 
_  into  a 


liecD  thoagfat  by  niah  gpeculatists 


diii  uivelit, 
MS  suppli»d 
iher  of  our 
ug  tiiAt  is  lost, 
a  boltiui:  i 


aatidfies  the  fct^-uliniFiit  of  the  Ailvrrtiser 

Wliere  i-efkl  feehug  ia  eonremed,  we  Enj^ltsh 

p   it  jw   sccitt   HA  possible      We  do  uot^ 

.>'.  Gemuin  juveniles,  othertise  our  broken 

LiHs,  but  when  they  are  frfii^urcd  gather  up 

■  pieces  as  sjwedily  as  jxwsible,  and   hure 

Hieni  mended  in  fiecreey  and  eilen         ''     ''ng 

snfhcient  expre>*ion  for  the  aspii  ir 

inmwt  Bouli   in    the   tremulou*     .„,  ^    .i.gs 

private  intereoui-se,  or  in  ]>eu-and-ink  ont- 

-  iiriuffs  through  the   penny  post,  wc  have 

not    yet    acquiivd    the    haSit    of    aht*»]<liug 

our  passioiuile  protes?tations  and  ferve^it  Ap- 

peals  over  the  columns  of  the  public  jonmalu. 

Expensive  as  wh  arc  said  to  be  in   ail  our 

habits  and  gmtificfitions,   we  have  not  yet 

coutracteti  the  costly  habit  of  publishing  to 

the  world  the  mj^tures  and  torments  of  our 

lovea  and  our  griefs,  at  from  sixpence  to  onn 

shilling  j*er  line — Government  duty  inclode<i 

It  m  true  that     **  O.  H  ! "    sometimes  pi>>- 

mises  in   the   third   column   of  the   letxAin^r 

journal  to  me«5t  Mary  Anne*' at  the  old  j>lace 

at   aeven  ;  yet  he  wait*  till   that   delightful 

hour  to  t«ll  her  all  he  hopea,  and  feels,  and 

fears.     The  German  is,  it  would  appear,  too 

ately  impatient  for  this  ;  he  makes  his 

tiou  at  once,  not  to   Fraulin   U*?rtha 

;u<uiu.  i»ut  to  the  whole  world.    He  doe?  not 

merely  whimper  liis  tale  of  love  into  her  single 

eor  :  t>nt  plnces  it  in  the  Cvdogne  or  Prussian 

Gazettf,  l>eforp  the  eyes  of  Europe,     He  c&r 

never  pLice  his  hand  on  his  heart,  and  feing — ■ 

••  I  !mvc  11  silent  sorrow  here, 

A  gHef  I  'U  ne'er  iojpart : 
It  hneathc*  no  sigh,  it  sfied*  no  tear, 
But  it  con^umoij  my  hoiirt." 

The  German  swain's  son>5w,  so  far  from 

remaining  silent,  obtrudes  itself  in  to  the  l»osoui 

of  every  family  which  takes  in  the  newj^papcr, 

t^'  whose  columns  it  is  conveyed,  hot  from 

the   press,  to  hia  adoi-ed    Bertlia ;    and  his 

heait  is  consumed — like  an  ox.  on  a  rejoicing 

day — iu  the  most  public  manner  possilAe, 

Young  ladies  reciprocate.     Here  is  a  spe- 

nwn  ft-om  a  (hunsel  in  Cologne  to  her  lever 

Berlin.     She  conveys  her  secret  sentimaits 

lu  the  largest  Gemuku  tejct  of  the  Cologno 

Gazette,  tluis : — 

HStd  de  la  OomfVftme. 
)AEDON.  Pardon,  it  was  not  my  feult  Tbou 
dcsircst  a  letter,  hut  how  and  where  1  Here 
I  cannot  remaui^why,  thou  must  midottitaod- 
Thc  last  was  read  and  burnt  When  shall  it  bo> 
Not  before  Whit«untide.  It  ia  poaaible  thoo 
miirl»te.st  obtain  permisaion  after  harvest  if  thou 
it,  i  ^  r'  ' 'rrandpapft  condn— but— yet.  If 
I  foar  not  that  I  shall  always  love 


Absent  lovers  congratulate  each  other  on 
their  respective  biilh^lays  in  the  aazQe  fashion. 


=i: 


HOUfiJBHOLD  WORDa 


ilfJilBlltic     fiMiiiL'Pi      Hir      ;♦ 

Oeruirtii   «ljini*>«3L      Like  tl 

"wtuA  fto  vjmi  of  httving  l>eiM*  . , . ;.  *  

awnvtt,  that  she  told  it  t<*  uvervixMiy  ;  t- 
is  -s.j  TU'iti'l  "f  li**!*  forblddtfii  attHcimui. 
tl>  it  to  tJhc  wliole  c?oiitittciil. 

Ti  jutjial    "e"  of  «  pronoun, 

■U'hicli  ocvia  m  a  recent  advertisement  in  the 
Ooi'jgiie   CinxeUf,  flihows  it  ewauatos  from  » 

litNO     LovDgreet- 
Hviiry  R  .  ,  .  ,  nt   Neu- 1 


i^}    to 


markt. 

'*  Yes,  ia  tboe  1  have  firm  Confidence." 

The  love,  affetrtiou,  and  friemUhij)  of  the 
GeniiiiiiK,  as  e\|»n**»e<i  on  each  other  * 

<ia\>  Mi<l  holiclnya,  form  u  vt^ry  c<m^ 
«o'i'  "*  »,.L..,,M.  to  the  propnetoi> 
Bj  Tliey   sel'Jotn    p\i 

liu.  sume    liaJf-tlozen    <  . 

gret'tiitji^.  A  tew  of  them  are  ft  little  puzzling 
to  Eii^ieh  readers.  Out*  would  ihhik,  fur 
itiKtiiiiee,  lliAL  ljetwe<^u  limther  jaid  Hister 
theTr*  wrnihl  he  a  sufRcicntly  t^kcit  under- 
fit.ki  "  '  *  '  nc;e,  t!io  oijL' wmiM  live 
ill  wjieu  a  hijthdaj'  cmiie 

rtJUiJi.  i>ut  a  |muiMT  congnilula,tioii  w  pre- 
feiT**<i.    Here  ia  ouu  : — 

M*0  my  dear  sbtcr  Minna  At  Brcttlau.  a  lumrty 
^  Lmhoch  OH  thjK  her  birtb-duy,  from  her 
brother  at  Cologne. 

A  whole  circle  of  friends  occasioniUJy  club 
a  *'  Lebehoch  '*  for  the  local  paper,  thus : — 

*T«0  HEN'IilETTA  A  ....  .  of  Obcrpleis,  a 
-»-     tebchocfi  on  thli  her  ntiTtic  dny. 

From  wvoml  frionda  in  Cologne. 

A  great  propoi-tion  of  these  conipliinenlAry 
addresses  are  in  vei*»e-  We  would  ipve  ei)eci- 
roeim  of  this  advertising  iuithoIi»yy — it  wt? 
could  ;  but  moat  of  th»*in  nn*  bo  eiet'mbly 
uiiintelligihle,  that  the  tiirtk  of  trnnalation  is 
aiuuply  inipjssfible. 

It  is  only  in  the  Austrian  paiT>er9  tb»i 
matrimoniiii  advertiift^nieiita  nbountl.  iMiV. 
«i»  well  &8  ju^j^utlemen,  with  large  heai-t^  ru 
small  piiraes,  seek  auitnble  pu-tnei's  for  life  in 
pithy  purjtose-like  advertisements  in  which 
no  woi'da  aro  wasted  :  the  Vieinm  Oazette  of 
the  nth  iuMant^  displayB  the  following  : — 

ATWEN'n'-EIGHT  YEAR.OLD  Koblcman, 
with  a  fortune  of  IO'.'Jmio  florins,  \>ieheft  to 
mMT^  a  young  lady,  either  a  widow  or  a  miudoa. 
Address  \V.  D.  S..  Potfe  J(t*tanU,  Vienna. 

r*  I .  laiiieSj  thnt  ouc  hundreil  thou- 

Bii,  is   otdy   ten    thousand     pound.^ 

iri/.tuiii.;,  ;uni  the*'twentyH&ight-yejir-old  uoble^ 
luiitj "  la  moat  [/rohablv— iai  Austrian. 

A  huuibler  aspiraut  advertised  upon  a  poltit 
of  tusLe.    Beauty  is  evideuLly  hi^  object :— - 

mauriaoe  invitation  ! 

ASl>'GLE  YOUXG  UAIS,  of  ngiceobio  exterior, 
and  not  without  education,  who  deriTOe  firom 


a  yaarly  luconwv ' 


lijilltl    lUl'il     IMLtC   ^leil    LI  ■!•' I  11  <^ 'iir,    4-:3    i  vi.|i*«-^i 

ftddrcKi*.  X.  Y.  Z.,  PotU  Uoftantc 

Another  ia  a  wily  specimen  of  yiriSv 
It  ia  craftily  addressed  to  *'  \)car\ 
gxiwdiana," 

A  YOUNG  MAN  IN  BDSINl^S,  whow  h 


can  be  proved  to  aven^t 
I  Ddi'ln^  per  annum,  <3estro«  au  i 

;  rvspectable  fn'-'f'-  «i<'i"p  he  ^\L- 

I  tiinity   of  Tj  ha    yoiuii 

|aii|Jt'rty,  wit;  ithoreeif. 

I  all  partiON  i*^  *^Ui  loto  n 
I'nt.     Poronta  or  guordiaui- 
Lortftin    thi«  proposition,  m;r 
'  j'c  li'\t(anff.  VicnniL 

The  next  **  Marriri;;!'   in\Ht/ii 
light  upon,  m  from  a  vot/iry  of 
as  of  Ii}Tiieu  : — 

A  YOUNG  MAN,  FAVOUliED  BY  NAT 
^  and  musical  in  hi»  iMtet  sad  pwiteBUro, 
to  marry  a  gentle  maidon  or  widow  who  haa 
tJTQted  the  aame  art*    Ab  iu  the  i£  > 
ho  lioa  been  blessed  with  orory  on' '4 
ridios,  it  wore    reiy  deoiimbJo    iL,:.    ...^    . 
pos«eseed  a  certaia  fortune.     Addroaw  bgr 
mlscionf  T.  Z.,  Pottt  JUttaitte* 

On  the  Irt  ultimo.  A   STRONG   AtAN 

advertised  ia  the  Vipt^"*  (^r..,.*...  t...   -v  «,r^ 
He  gave  a  miuute  1I 
with  oil  the  naivete  1 

were  i^quested  to  take  notice  limt  ho  had 
a  fair  Iward,  but  dark  eyr« ;  Itnl  liv'  vtob 
t\hov^  the  common  height,  and  '  ro- 

portion;  bad  an  »^ree«ble  voir  uimj, 

and  wtis  altogether  of  a  charuct  i  ^aj   and 
iu  fa*;'t,  just  the  sort  of  peraon  to 


debonnaiTt* 


Ulightful    Her        "    .''    '   i^h 

were  to  addr***;-.  'jf# 

'  ,  .; lu^n  a  i>ersoual  ia  .->..,,   ,...;^,.i  l#e 

d.     No  one  who  had  not  an  inrlepen* 

need   ap]>ly  : — for  it  apjx>nrB  that  m 

Vienna  "strong  men"  are  at  a  jHeinianu     In 

the  next  nuuilter  of  the  snuie  pnpr-i',  n  modcft 

^*  jeune  Monsi<^if"'  expreasea  u  wi^h  for  "  v»f 

jeune  tlamt'^   aa   a  travelling   C4>ni|ianiou   to 

ItaJY. 

■Elxce[jt  the  lant,  readers  of  certain  Knjrliah 
newepapera  are  not  tsv"      '  *        '   adH- 

vertiBcnients  na  the  ;'  .ra. 

1'  in  the 

jHi        ^                   _  M,...on* 

ditiou  have,  howev^er,  t  -je 

*' fair  and  forty  '  havi  (he 
matter  ;  thf*y  prodaliu  ibeir  wisii^'s  some* 
times  with  a   littl<*   res^s-v**,   but     riiore  ft-e- 

quently  without  n  Frutti 

amouc  the  covert  1  igbanda 

we  select  two.     in  -  m-^t  ,    of  thv 


OEKMA>'  ADVERTISEMENTS. 


tho  entire  obarg« 
f  .r  him  nlfo- 
\a  762.  Ut 

o;Ss  reminds  us 

„       T  ,..1,         ^.  1... 


-he  livexi  .i 

ti  luAn  Lriiji  u*  nufi-i^  alt  fully  set  :^- 

HALF  VEAUr.Y,  nt  i).e  h,yn^    of  mi 
liuiy,  of  vhpcrfvii  H-iNv 

ui:t»je«b'l»AiBjbor,  ii«r'n- ;•.  I  l.vi--'u>r  :■ 

■:    tUoA     A    mi<'<  ■  ■  ^.-iii..  uiiui 

<i  cioel  £  M . 

Hw  tntomlians  of  tlie  unmarried  hkdy  of 
'<die«rfal  di(i|p>M>l)im,  wKt*  ^trefers  a  middle- 
.v*d    **fttiMrl6*'    i^vtxtlenuiii,    but  vei'v  much 

-      ft*ul«M«r*o-  ■ 1 .....1. '.......  .... 

It  U>  con 
OKldi  KwWj  kit.  . 

▼micvt  fpeed* 

HsMffv  !•  110  Sm  '  *  v^r  in  the  next 

mlvtrtkettieut  vtt  »h»ii  ^ir^^zscut ; — 

^f.VfiaiAGE  TROPOSAL   OF  A   WIDOW  — 


A  gcotl 
of  Gem  1 

1                       ''-'''*'':          "         "^  ■'-    .    *    'i  " 

of  :i- 

1 

a  - 

he 

1 

U    T* 

U 

ad\- 

iS 

ftve  goii 

111  <he 

Tinnnv-^    ■ 

111  hi3 

.,  '■.Juliu  ■:!»uiilh  ";,  umi  bidditii* 

;    fnr  he  will   not   pxr   tiwv  of 

:■  ,          '             -                   -                            ■•'       ■'             .'       Mfi 

ij^i  mi--,    i.i'? 

LviiJ-iiwii.-'i-:    ._.  i.-.mi     ._»jiiiiij    ■,'Lj:x-ii-.cUl- 

btT.  AiC). 

W..    Tm.1 

iii    tl:;-   sriTiM'^    ik'iT'f^r   xhni   nimihov 

Tho 


h  childlew,  of  tinspottcd  character, 


I  '.   iiniiiiBii  i1  of  prcpcrty  to  tb«  value  of  about 


Sfuway  ffnaranteed. 

fi  appeared 
Illicit.— 

viiLK  MISS,  fi-oe, 

i  pwtt%-.  but  i*till 

-    •  ■  ■  4 


I  unioii 

iraeter, 

11  forty  and 

a  and  debts, 

bii'i  tiikvvngc:uMLra  Kiiiinuonora  L>vi!uric«A.     Those 

I      vbo  Bii«y  nOfCt  on  lliki  prapoiiftiaa  with  Krirnn- 


1  ^  "'  of  b<r>th 

III   in    ftn»st 

"Perfect" 

*'  "oVid  '*  go« 

their 

d  and 
adver- 


t 


kjiD,   nil  ont*  to  puff  Uim  *  ^r  bat 

Mcod  or  lover,  to  aaktrtiBt  Jn'mmlf, 


cunst-qiiejiv,*^^  t^j  the  whole  oi'  ^uiM|>e.  ilis 
atiu<juuceiueiit  commeuciis  with  Ti  startling 

NOTICE!—!  beg  my  mimerou*  fricivU  and 
acqu'^  •^♦^"••'^  •■!  tho  Mvcyral  part*  of  Enrope 
who  nuiv  -  W  cotai«unicftt«  wilh  luc.  to 

II  tdre%  rs  to  uie  at  tho  Mat  of  wur, 

lieswig-UolcUjiu.— Jiruus  H^ ,  Cftptatu  of 

Jinny  of  HcUleswig-Holfitem. 

As  the  gftllAut  captain  hoA  not  no  id  ns  for 
odvertiainff  his  whereabouts,  we  have  aiii>- 
presaed  all  but  the  initial  of  his  n&me. 

Births  are  always  mwlekisown  in  thepfijiers 
by  the  husband;  and  in  the  weal  of  Genuimy, 
when  the  male  i>opTilation  is  increased, 
the  new  comer  if  alvvnya  descriln-d  ns  a 
**  powerful"  boy.  I'^eatlia  ure  aimouiice<l  iu 
long-drawn  epitaplig,  describing  ;U  '  -'^  '  is 
length  not  <-!ily  the  \irtue«  of  ti  1, 

but  the'v  — ^-''1-  -•«-■-■  ra-,r,, 

We  r 
CiirioaiLi.  _       _    _  '  '•' 

WfinerZntujujoi^  Imok  **  tor  all  t^iasses,'  tliat 
we  fear  has  already  had  a  very  extensire  sale 
in  the  land  wliicli  ongiuated  the  bowl  and 
dagger  school  of  literature  : — 

ron  ncACCRS  or  aix  ajkssa. 
'PHE  DARK  DEEDS  OF  CITILISED  MAX, 
*  with  the  wonderful  interveotioua  of  ProTitlenoo 
for  then'  discovery  and  pimi»bmeut  By  Dr. 
Ch.  Fhkd.  Ghebh,  with  copper  plate  engravings. 
Conteut«,^- 

I .  Til   "  r  Mr.  O'Ccmaaor  by  th«  Mantiings; 

Ha.*bar; 

U.  Tl.  ...... .a  Murder  by  Jamoi*  mot>mCt?ld 

Ruah  ;  with  other  trials. 

**  Give  me   the  balkuU  of  a  i  ;d 

Voltaire,  *'  and  I  w'dl  wi-ite  their  ti  ." 

Hati  he  lived  till  now,  he  would  iu.^^r  »,  viud 
the  adverti^emi.'utji  of  a  people  a  Ijetter  index 
»-  their  social  tastes  and  habite.  One  Sup- 
meut  of  the  Times,  a  file  of  the  Conttiiu- 

Kftel^  or  a  few  nmnbers  of  the  most  cxten* 
sively  cirG\daled  of  the  German  pjxpers  would 
be  more  siijjueative  of  the  hvhU*  ainl  nianners. 
iuiXiuiotivc.  liteniry,  ami  couiutr^rcwl  habiu  ol 
theii'  nu-ioua  readersj  thiui  all  the  betfft  trwk- 
tiiJcs  ever  penned. 


J 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


A  LAY  OF  LONDON  STKEETS. 

Tbx  Autumn  uigkt  i«  far  n^lvnuccd  ; 

And  as  I  juijsb,  with  Imnying  feot, 
Tho  blind  bkck  boviM>e  all  necm  tnuictxi. 

And  icarcc  a  living  Lhiug  I  mc«t; 
Only  a  beasar  Bluilfiiog  botoe. 

Or  '  "  ^  Iccni  and  sBuntcrs  by, 
t)r,  'p,  ftomo  poor  child 

SJl  ,     ,.       luitth  tbo  opeu  sky. 

Tbo  dreamy  lAmp-ligbt  on  the  stones 

Broopa,  and  liido«  off  by  «low  degrees ; 
From  for  uight^^lliunB,  mingled  tonoB 

Come  like  faint  Bigbiuga  out  of  trera. 
Below,  the  earth  is  bush'd ;  above, 

A  waste  of  cuipty  diu-kbcsa  spreads, 
Drowiring  the  UeaTcna.    Sleep  W  got^ged 

Louduii,  the  bea»t  of  million  heada. 

But  suddenly  I  bear  a  sound — 

A  buwaiig  murmur,  low,  yot  clior^ 
Of  many  feet  upon  ihe  gnwnd. 

And  numy  voioofl.    Then  apf»oaf 
Lights  dancing  to  and  fro,  and  aoon 

A  dark  moaa  aweUa  in  aigbt,  which,  when 
The  dittanco  lesseufi,  abakos  apart. 

And  ucaltors  into  throogs  of  men. 

Amidst  tbem,  four  night-guordiaus  boar 

A  diamal  hniidbier,  upon  which 
I  ate  eonio  locks  of  wandering  bair, 

Like  weedH  in  n  neglected  ditch ; 
And,  lower  down«  soma  heaving  ngs 

^Stmpp'd  horo  and  tlicre,  yet  poitly  free), 
Fnmt  which  two  lenu  and  naked  arms 

Tot»  up,  Like  \MXH3kfi  upon  tbo  sea. 

Time  tnars  us.    She  whom  now  we  call 

A  raging  tigreaa,  wild  for  blood— 
A  daagar  to  boraoiC  fend  all 

Who  ofYNM  her  In  her  deaperato  mood — 
Perhaps  had  oueo  a  fair,  smooth  fiice, 

A  womu.u'i:(  hcnrt,  a  human  aoul  ; 
Kept  chime  with  HeaTou'a  eternal  lawa, 

And  blent  with  munic  of  the  whole. 

But  poverty  waa  in  her  home. 

And  lovclciis  sights  and  sounda  were  there : 
Filthy  hunger,  cold,  were  fi-eo  to  roam 

Within  thoee  precincti  btaik  and  bore. 
She  had  one  only  way  to  'scape 

The  druar  monotoiiy  of  wont. 
To  lull  the  heart  th<it"ate  iteelf 

And  make  the  world  less  spoclnilgaunt. 

Judge  not  too  haralJy  of  her  fault, 

Tile  bitter  growtli  of  bitter  fine. 
The  chimiiol  of  l»cr  life  weie  salt 

With  crufiteil  tears ;  and  grief  u  dull  weight 
Pound  cane  within  tho^e  splendid  dciis, 

Wieut'o  flows  the  Letho  of  the  i>oor» 
And  duwus  of  Eden  seem  to  ftuwh 

Beliind  the  mauaive  Mviuging  door 

She  pimiged  into  a  fiery  tide, 

Weltoriup  ou  wnvos  of  atmgiug  joy  ; 
But  now  there  cunjc«  the  doleful  side  ; 

She  tastes  the  terrible  allyy  : — 
A  wnsttng  fever  in  the  brain, 

A  doaolation  without  bound. 
And  marble  aspects  of  de^piur, 

That  liTc  in  ttilenco,  atanding  round. 


THE  METHUSALEH  PILL. 


Mr.  PrATT>  V-s  \v:is  -1   iMM.r    tiiali. 

wife  and  n  I 
and  big  iirint 

a  very  slender  iuc^uue.     Uia  ueigUi'ou 
wondered  bow  he  contnve<.l  t.u   imal 
enda   meet.       They   knew    nothing 
strujffile  tlmt  went  on  within   i\w   walla  uf 
Mr.  r*i-attle«'8  eKtabliabmeut,    The  sm  i 
ing  tradcftmen  wei*e  btB  cuatomers.     I ' 
a  fthi*ewd  notion  of  business,  however,      *t  i., ,, 
tbe  grocer  over  the  way  gave  hiiu  an  onb'r  to 
print  fifty  copiew  of '*  Fine  Congou  at   tliji-^i*- 
ond-aixfM'uce,"  be   knew  very  well  ti 
gixwer  down  tbe  road  woul«l  Htwin  ei 
bim  to  print  billa  atlvertlaing  "  Hue  * 
at   thre*-iind-fivepence  three    farthiin 
whicli  would  be  added  the  further  int«  I 
that  *•  now  wob  tbe  time  !"     'Hie  ke*  i 
competition  in  the  neigh bourbuod,  tVi*- 
for  Mr.   Pnittleai.      Among    oUier    j 
ordera,  Mr.  Prattles  one  day  receive*!  .t       .,,- 
inand  to  strike  otf  a  thouiiand  lul>td»  for  **  Mr. 
Smith's  Univem'd  Pill."     No  B<x>oer  b.i.l   b** 
delivert'd   the   finst   iMitcb   of  Inbela, 
Hei'ond   onler   waa    given   for   five   th 
more  labels ;  and  the  aecond  onler  w ««  itu^ 
mediat«ly  aucceedend  by  a  tliird,  tuid  ti  tbird 
by  a  fourth. 

Thia  influx  of  business  euiju'lscd  Mr,. 
Prattlea ;  and  he  Wgan  to  envy  tbe 
perity  of  Mr.  Smith.  Preacntly  it 
mm  that  it  waa  no  difticult  ninttor  t*' 
factun?  .1  pill.  But  how  could  b«  !i 
invent  a  storj-  so  plauaible  as  th.'d  vi  i. 
veloptMi  Mr.  Smitii's  pill-l)oxe«.     'I  n 

difticulty  here.     LIr,  ymith  bnd  A  r  .- 

Beif  in  every  possible  way.     He  bail  «<  i'        1 
tbe  most  obi»ciire  villages  of  the  coutitrv  lr..i;t 
the  gttjsett^^er,  and  had  written   veryol.i:, 
teristic   testuuonials  from  imaginnry  pui ;  hi.-, 
resitting    nrtir   these    remote  lo«yditii«.      liw 
pill  waa— tht*se  Hpurioua  documents  declared 
— Jtn    infallible   cure  for   every  disease.     He 
tacked  to  his  pill  the  properties  of  ibe  entire 
pharmaeoiKxria.     Mr.  iSmitb'a  pill  ^^  '■-  'ii.i- 
tiaed  to  accomplish  everything  of  v 
oaJ  science  waa  capable.*    Tlie  hist 
Smith'B  Pill  wa»  a  narrative  of  blt««iii. 
fen-ed  upon  frail  mortality.     By  tho   s>i 
of  Mr.  Smith's  Pill  John  *Dobbin«  of  Cwyi- 
ytehriuwll,  in  Walfs.  bad  bt?en  cure*!  of  w  Iwd 
leg.  which  bad  batiled  tbe  iugeuuity  of  tbe 
tinit  s\irgeon8  in  the  country.     Mr.  Smith 'a 
Pill   restored    Mia«    Brown    of   Bnar    Cot- 
tu^'Cj    near    Battlednre-cum-Shuttlecock,    to 
lite,  when  the  rjatle«  were  in  her  throat.     It 
cured   tuithma,    comsumptioQ,   water    on    the 
brain,  di-ojiisy  juid  influemta  ;  it  was  infiUliblc^ 
in   Bcaj'let  fever,  yellow  jaundice,   and   blue 
cholera,  gout,  rheuniatiflm,  tic-<loloreux,  sci- 
atica^ locked  jaw,  and  cancer  invaiiably  dis- 
appeared from  every  patient  reapectively  and 
coucujTently  afflicted  with  any  or  all  of  theiae 
ilLseaBCfi,  after  the  third  box. 
Mi%  Smith's  iiigeaiiiiy  was  not  even  emr- 


cfcM  m  otogM.1 


THE  METHUSELAH  PILL, 


37 


lutufttcd  with  tbe«G  a^r 
»to<xi  h'lA  business  ] 


nts.    He  mitler- 

td  lelt  tlia.t,  ill 

'pr  to  make  his  ]>  m,  it  wjis  neoes- 

to  fteoiii-e  the  j  la  peer  uf  the 

With  this  VI       i-        Lci'^i'd  into  nego- 

h  Hpoor  nobleomii  rcsidiug  abroad. 

etioxi  was  a  long  time  pendiog,  but 

itiigth  it  was  signed  and  HeaJed  between 

Smith  and  the  Etirl  of  EottculKi rough, 

that  hits  lonlship  should,  for  and  iu  cousidera- 

tit>u  of  the  aimi  of  six  hundred  per  aimum,  to 

\te  paid  to  him,  the  Earl  of  Rottenborough, 

Hthe  n:i\i\  Mr.  Smith,  conaeut  to  be  cured 
public  advertisements,  by  menna  of  Mr. 
Liths  Omnipotent  Pill,  of  any  disefuse  of 
lich  the  said  Mi\  Smith  might  choose  to 
1  upon  him,  the  Eari  aforesaid,  to  toaiify 
luul  it«eji  curetL  Under  these  auspices 
y.^.  Hmith'a  PIUs  had  thrived  excee<iingly, 
but  it  was  not  till  Mr,  Smith  conferred  uj>on 
hiuiMeUT  a  diploma^  and  inducted  himself  uito 
tlic  chair  in  a  college  which  he  endowed,  for 
'f    ■  '  ■,    ftome where,  that    the 

und  in  every  reaipectable 
...  . ., .  -  .^iii;;:jdunis,  aH  the  sT»ecial  and 
pill  of  Frotc-ssor  8mith,  M.D  ,  with- 
signatur*.?  all  others  were  spurious. 
(»r  Prattles  !    liow  could  he,  who  bad  not 
enty  pounds  in  the  world,  hope  to  compete 
th  the  rich   Profeaaor  Smith.     Wliea  he 
teii  the    advautageQ  wliich    his    rival 
and  reflected  upon  his  own  money- 
OOndition.  he  was  re:u:iy  to  mve  up  ma 
de«|.iair.    At  this  crisis  of  hia  fate  his 
day  in  purest  jest,  told  him  that  care 
»oou  make  him  ktok  as  old  ajs  Methn- 
This   simple    remark,  he   affectinjocly 
Is  at  th**  pne«t;r>t  time,  decided  him.     He 
mid  have  a   Methxisaleh   Pill !      His  wife 
e<l  hrad  t'>  diMfiuiwle  him  from  embarking 
*• '  I  n  8|>eciihilioii,  but  he  was  desu 

h»  ■-:.    He  wrote  forthwith  to  hia 

uain,  w  ho  wii»  a  chemist  at  Bath,  and  asked 
U*  mix  liim  a  harmless  pill.    *"  Let  the 
iea  it  coutaina  neutralise  one  anjjther." 
IS  the  &impie  direction,     A  bribo  of  a 
share  in  the  speculation  deci<leil   hia 
the   chemist,  to    set   to  work    imme- 
y.    Tlie  next  step  wm  to  fnime  a  very 
I  hiHtJ>ry  of  the  piU — to  tnice  its  descent 
McthufiAleh    to    PratUes.      With    thm 
Pn«tt)ej»   consulted    a    Kattere<l    old 
oolimiLster  of  hii*  fl**qiir/intance,  who«o  sorapa 
of  ancient  lore  ..rthe  |)riuter *»  ]>ur- 

|K»*e.    lo  a  f*'W  ry  interesting  story, 

r.--.--^'--.       tlif     II    rv    Ml    tJie   receipt,   wjis 
I    I    •  Jv  fur  the  press.     It  r&u  as 

'•  It  is  wtll  known  io  mo»t  peoiile  that  the 

lierable    MethM*jd«jh    liveii  t*,  the  jfotxi  <djl 

of  KLNK    HrNDlUCD   AND   SIXTY 

YHAJvS.     The  srv  r.  f  -T    ,,  lonv  n  life 

agMti  remained  tiu  I  '■  P.LE 

In  th**i*o  'i  men 

to  j^jyte  111  iifu  ; 

fs  of  '  were 

Men 


What  jMDtent  j>om*pJ' — what  subtle  eli 
held  IxhIv  and  s-oul  together  for  fio  long  a 
period?  'Th^*  ^^  '^'-^ -niestiou/  Alxjiit  two 
veiu^  ago  tW'  u   were  trfi veiling  iu 

'fHE  ARID  lA  >  OF  A8L\  MINOK. 

They  fell  in,  one  evening,  with  an  eneamnment 
of  Amba.  They  were  mo«t  hospitably  re- 
ceived by  the  Mussulmen.  The  first  pecu- 
liarity they  remarked  amonnf  the  Aralis  waa 
that  there  were  severid  men  in  the  encamjv 
meDt  who,  thou^'h  they  lo<*ke«l  \'cry  old,  were 
nevertheless  active  in  their  jj:mi  and  lively  in 
convoi^sation,  Ourtravellei's  entereil  into  con- 
versation Math  one  of  these  hoary  sons  of  tlic 
desert ;  the  old  man  was  ver)-  commimicative. 

"  *  I  was  in  your  country  msmy  years  ago, 
when  Charles  the  Second  was  King.  I  played 
tricks  before  him  :-:-he  was  a  jovial  tellow. 
Ah  !  I  was  young  then/  And  th*»  old  man 
heaved  a  deep  sigh.  Tlie  travi^Uei's,  it  may 
well  be  imagined,  were  surprised  ;  and,  at 
first,  somewhat  incredulous. 

"  *  There  la  a  man — but  he  is  very  old  now — 
who  fought  in  Palestine  when  one  of  your 
king's  sons  lielped  in  a  foolish  war — T  think 
you  Christians  eidled  it  the  Holy  War.'  The 
old  man  pointed  to  a  figure  crouched  to  the 
earth.  It  waa  that  of  a  very  old  man,  whose 
hair  was  white  as  silver,  *  That  man,'  con- 
tinued the  Arab,  who  was  addi-essing  the 
tmvellers, '  is  upwards  of  six  huu«lred  years 
oU!' 

** '  LicreiUble ! '  our  travellere  exclaimed. 

" '  Hush  ! '  the  old  Arab  continued  ;  'yoit 
of  the  degenerate  West  know  nothing  of  this 
matter.  The  seci^^t  remaiiw  with  us— to  yon 
-t  is  unknown  —  an  undisooverefl  mystery. 
Have  you  evei*  h*aird  of  MethusRleh  ? ' 

"The  travellers  replied  in  the  alhrmative, 

"  *  Do  you  know  by  what  sfcret  he  prolonged 
his  life  to  the  ripe  old  age  of  nine  hundred 
and  sixty  nine-yews  I  * 

"The  travellers  confessed  their  profound 
ignorance.  Forthwith  the  oM  Amb  fiuubled,, 
witli  his  ebon  hmids,  about  the  folds  of  his 
tuibrui,  and  presently  drew  tlierefrom  a  tat- 
tfcrcfl  piece  of  parchment,  so<liity,  besmeared 
with  grease,  and  discoloured  by  age,  that  tho 
Arabic  chanu'ters  i^Titten  upon  it  could  l)e 
deciphered  only  by  the  most  ]»ractiscd  Arabic 
scholar.  One  of  the  travellers  happened  to 
b«  a  proficient  in  Arabic.  He  begged  the  old 
man  to  allow  him  to  peruse  the  precious  docu- 
ment. Tf»  this  the  wily  A  nib  consent^xl,  on 
the  conditions  that  it  bhould  be  re^nl  iu  hia 
own  hands,  imd  that  he  should  ivceive  a  large 
sum  of  money  for  allowing  the  tnivellera  to 
tranacril>e  its  contents.  Tliese  prellumiarie* 
IjaN'ing  Ijeen  an-nno^ed,  the  party  enten^  the 
nearest  tent,  and  tho  travellers  beciiine  pos- 
8p.«?<cd  of  the  invaluable  life-prepen'er.  On 
their  return  to  England  th^i  Iravellei-a  entered 
into  a  negotiation  with  the  pi*e«cnl  proprietor 
of  the  recipe,  who  offers  his 

METHUSAIiEH  PILLS 

ic  at 


3^ 


UOVBEHOIJ)  WOBDS. 


peEDV  per  i»ox*  None  uws  £C<suuiue  unles* 
sigTje!.l  by  the  pivjprietor,  JoJiii  Pi : 
Agents  wanted  for  evevy  pail  of  the  •. 
N.  B.  The  Metliasaleli  'Pilla  are  cai«lully 
tnftde  op  after  the  Methuwileh  Iteceipt,  from 
poi'ticulftr  h*^rbs  known  only  to  the  proprietor 
lif  vhU  invjilimblfi  uiedit^inir,  Afi  a  proof  of 
the  .  "'  '    ,,  .    ^   ."  '      ---:•• 

Mh' 

hftVi:   ^j;iui'-ii   i"   iJiT-   j'j  v'f'i  ivi.'.'j  .T,   I"    Lilt-  <_.K'.i"' 

aion  of  all  prtteudei-Sj  the  us*?  of  a  splendid 
RED  AND  BLACK  STAMP.  AH  yWh 
pretending  to  be  MethiisKileh  Pilla  without 
tiiia  stamp  m-o  forgeries,  and  all  iniiUtioQ  of 
it  in  felouy." 

Thia  notable  pixwpectus  was  concocted  in 
the  back  parlour  of  Mr.  Prattlea'a  house.  Mi*. 
Prrttlles  tad  not  been  a  printer  all  h'lA  life  for 
nothiug ;  he  had  pickeu,  up  with  his  l>i)«a, 
the  trick  of  editorship,  and  re\nsetl  the  school* 
master's  rough-draught  with  skill*  Mr* 
Prattles  then  wore  a  pfifjer  cap  and  {ui  aprou. 
He  fjublished  liia  pi-oapetitus,  addiug  now  and 
tlteii  new  V.)ttfv,  to  give  it  additiomd  zest*  At 
one  time  it  was  headed 

"CHEAT  THE  UXDERTAKER3,  AND    LIVE    SIX 
HUNDRED  YEARS!" 

Ajiotlier,  the  prospectus  began  witk 

«r.IFE  PROLONGED  TO  AN  INDEFINITE  I'EEIOD 
BY  THE  METnUSALEH  PILLS!'" 

lu  a  few  years  Mr.  Prattles  was  a  man  of 
proptfrty,  in  time  he  was  even  able  to  sneer 
at  Pix>f^88or  Smith,  with  hia  tool,  my  Lord 
nottenborouglu 

When  some  foolieh  old  man,  in  a  remote 
nirtil  district,  died  at  on  advauced  age,  publie 
attention  wajs  pTuticubirly  called  to  I*i'iittle» a 
pateut,  hy  a  statement  on  the  part  of  the 
lirni,  that  the  \-  '  ■  f  longeWty  in  question 
w:is  inidoiibt*--  '  t  of  the  Methusaleh 

i*eoeipt.  Pruu,.  -»  ,.•..,..  if d  hia  shillincra,  and 
sniilefl  at  the  woi  Id :  he  laughed  and  wuu. 
To  make  all  aiiuaiv^  as  far  as  pjsailjle,  he  even 
went  to  the  length  of  e-ating  a  few  ehai'ity 
dinuet^  and  suwcnbino'  a  few  pounds  in  aid 
of  h<iiapital  and  other  funds. 

Prnttles'ft  Pills  sold  prodigiously.  When- 
ever a  donbt  was  expressed  respecting  theii* 
efficacy .  it  wiis  aikuced  by  relerence  to  the 
Banctiun  of  Her  Majesty'a'Govermueut,  whose 
mark  picturesquely  ailomed  each  box,  to 
pixive  the  g(-i.ii:n.ati.^c4  ^f  (1^^  Methusaleh 
Pilk  ;  just  ah  j  ifwelleiy  are  stamped 

by  the  hssny  ft*  to  show  the  standard 

excellence  of  the  gtdtl  or  silver.  Publicly, 
!Mr.  Prattles  corai»lained  that  the  Govern- 
meut  charged  hiiii  threehalfpence  per  im- 
Tir«^!<fiion,  for  these  "  Hall  Mailts  ;"  privately, 
be  wld»f)«riHl  that  to  them  he  owed  Iub 
fortime. 

Like  all  those  who  have  much,  Mr.  Prattles 
wanted  more.  After  b«  had  eiported  millions 
oHr-  Ar..n.M.-.l,.l,  Piik  ,.,,.,„„.^  .^.,1-ucr  of  the 
1^11.  tempt-ed  to 

intt  ^  lie  mai'keta. 


To  III:,  oil 


i.-i  \h.'. 


of  thai 
muchk 

Daltry  revenue.     Un  lLc  coi/ 
Mr.  rrattlea  learnt,  whij  w^f 
^  things  oil    '       ' 
I :   evtn 


all    I  i  to  a  lioar*i 

m*.'!  t    <i  inguLshed  for  t;         ^         .•»- 

ency  in  pharmacy  and  metlidno,  who  diMnde 
whether  the  non-profes«ioiml  public  cau  Uv 
?«ifely  trusted  w  ith  them  or  noL  Mr,  PnUtlea, 
however,  made  a  brilliant  foitnne  by  bia  gul* 
lible  countrymen. 

MR  VAX  PLOOS  ON  PENMANSHIP. 

I  AM  A  Dutchman.  My  father,  Mr.  Laat- 
man  van  Ploos  was,  for  many  yeni^  one  ^t 
the  piinclpal  writiug-ma«t«rB  in  AiQBterdajn. 
He  taught  ladies  asud  gentlemen,  na  w«U  as 
lawyers  clerks^  with  much  credit  to  1uiq£#1^ 
aud  advantage  to  them.  But  the  class  lunoog 
whom  he  vr^a  considei-ed  to  be  the  moat  i  %p«rt 
and  successful,  waa  that  of  the  merchimU^  aod 
traders'  apprentices,  whom  he  taught  to  write 
a  free,  bold,  rapid,  legible  hand.  Some  few 
were  not  ao  good,  of  course  ;  and  no  two  wer« 
exactly  alike  ;  1  »peak,  however,  of  tin  iLat 
balance  in  his  favour.  The  most  | 
who  had  learned  to  write  of  Mr.  i  n 

Pboa  could  be  known  by  their  li  h 

were  accounted  the  most  exctdleii  .    -*i, 

aiiick  writing  and  eac^  reading,  in  all  Ant-^tep- 
(lam. 

There  was  a  large  family  of  us.    I  am  iiiinaid 
to  aay  how  many  brotliei-^  and  aihtera  I  hod, 
especially  sisters  ;  Vmtall  of  ti    •-  "  -r-  ♦  „,..\.^ 
writ  lug  by  my  father,  ajid  ll 
better  than  others,  the  wh  .       .   ..^^ 

van  Plooses  wrote  good  hands — with  cmm 
exoeptiom  That  melancholy  oiie,  vvwj  L 
What  pain  it  w.'4s  to  my  fathei'  to  receive  th% 
letters  I  wrote  to  him  !  Yet  it  was  not  lik 
fault ;  for  he  did  not  teach  me. 

I  mil  explaiu  how  thia  wa5L  A  few  wonii 
will  fihow  why  my  writing  did  not,  niid  to 
thia  day  does  not,  deserve  to  be  called  A 
''  hand,'  but  i*ather  a  elaw^ — and  a  broken 
claw,  too,  Bometimeh. 

My  father  iiaWjig  made  a  considerable  sum 
by  hia  le^^on*  in  WTitiug.  entered  into  a  small 
trade  in  pipes  an«l  tooaeco.  He  vraa  so 
successful  in  thia  that  he  soon  became  a 
merchant ;  abandoned  pens  auiJ  pap^  for 
meerschaums  and  kamwt^r  ;  aud  determined 
that  one  of  hia  boub  should  be  educated  in 
England,  an*l  bet^jme  hiis  f^jcni  there  m  »oou 
as  he  was  old  enough  lor  so  inij>ortant  aa 
office.  1  wft.H  the  '^  '  -■  i  ■ted  for  thia  pur- 
pose, and  at  the  a:.  I  waa  comiigued, 
together  with  a  lai^              <<i  Dutch  pifHi<i,  to 


•*•  b^Moi.! 


^IB.  VAN  PLOOS  ON  PENilANSHlR 


39 


n,i  of  rav  tiiib' '  '^  ^^\lllu  .•!■ 
Aler   in   \ 
% — n.  mv^    . 
num. 
liondoo,  I  wjk&  plftced  under  the 
of    Mytibeer    TruiLkeuhi-K^ma    agent';? 
mt,  from  wl»M«i  I  received  the  fhvt  radl- 
ffitft  of  1  ',  till  one  dav 

y*i  ej'i'  I'd  l»r  tlie  a<lv! 

lir.    >-  -'■-■-  -'-■'  --'  " 

SkAd  edu 
six  and  i..^>  ^,  , 
ljv«n  the  best  of  di* 
requisite    t<j 
84?  excellent  a  tbiug  that  abt?  jfprt:- 
_     the  ca»e  in  the  most  elomienl  maimer 
Mjiihter  TnmkenljwxJins  on  liia  neit  visit 
Ivfmdon,   who  rb»>Uirht   it   would  be  jiist 
rhat  mv  i*    "  '       ■       rdingly  I  was 

•ut  to  111  ri  Spijihlicfitr, 

}]'    Mlfiervv:    niu^H,    ruij.niweU,   H«"iford- 

I  ttball  «ST  Uijlhiiii;  abiMit  my  genernJ  educn- 

jou.     I  sludl  Bijenii  orily  of  the  "writing  de- 

uiitJeut  of  t\n»i  mvmk-iuy.     Oh,  it  wna  vt  rv 

lillWent  ill  it«  tncth^d   lo  that  of  my  f;.' 

re  ^voTT  twu  cL'i?"K?'5^  ;  J  he*  big  KiTrf'  • 

t,]  v?'  oLi>-,     I  was  in  the  LUkr. 

k  uvery  (L\y  we  wei'e  called  to 

jj  a,ud  1^1  laced  id  the  same  desk  as  the 

cUws  had  u?*ed  l>«fore  us,  and  on  the 

Ibnna.    Tljesc'  foraia,  to  save   the   ex- 

Auited    to  the  different 

'^     ivru  classes^  were  e^j 

1 ,  beLog  tCMD  high  for 

M',  for  us  little  one^. 

always  present e<l  u  long 

:%  and  boya'  noses  pomt- 

lowu  their  qtulls  ;  while 

nt^Ml  a  lon^  row  of  ^titl* 

1     ■  s  pointing  np   t " 

!     ut  was  well  ei. 

t IT  sized   boys;    but   un 

ill  th<?  position  I  have 

ote    with    quills  ;    Siteel- 

come    iuto  use.      Our 


ill   fnl      tills 


1.1. ,f    r1, 


.--V 


Of     tWi 

Ived 

I. 


Mid 
Tina 


&et4 


luui 


not   then 


<'lduta  siyi»»  1   n^  •  we  could  not  mend 

oursMdvt\-  thweil   not  iwk   to 

rs'Tu  run  -  when  this  favour 

-te,  the  acqui- 

'  compimied  by 

uii   tke  cUccl.   diieoUy  the  pen  waa 

or  n  cnwrk  on  the  crown  bv  one  hai-il 


the  bov 
ler  crown 
of  a  nrf 


it.     A  crack  on 
from  the  bonv 


rds.    i 


1  n  fv.i.t 


up 


to  dt!at  li.  or  eUu  d  Wiiii  »  uind  pain. 

Mr,  blmon  »Spi]>Urti?jite  vrna  a  preacher,  and 

lirul  a  suhacription  nieeling-hoiifei*.     He  stood 

MX  f*^t  two,  out  of  his  shoes.    He  was  ^exy 

'    f    had   large   iMinej*,     Hia  face    wn« 

Itby   r>nle^  with   a   mouldy  tint  In 

.  ii.j»'k,  ana  his  great  nose  w  :  "  n, 

red    at    the  end.      He    ba*l  h, 

,   i    Wunj    silver    apectaeles    will 

round  gbssea.    The  ujiper  parts  -: 

were  thin,  but  from  the  knees  down  .  -y 

were  extremely  large^  and  always   ciised  in 

long  black  gaitera,  sti*ap]>ed  under  the  slioe, 

and  buttonoil  all  the  way  up  to  the  bend  of 

the  knee.     Thia  dreadful  Hgiire,  fwhich^  to  the 

I -i ions  of  a  little  boy,  under  ray  etr- 

•3,  waa  not  so  much  like  that  of  a 

-".II..:  "!  his  own  Bj>eciea,  as  of  some  gigantic 

foreign  bird,)  staUcerl  up  and  do\>Ti  behind  our 

[backs  all   the  tune  we  were  writing.    The 

suddenness  with  which  a  blow  would  fall — or 

tlu-   homble   expectation   of  it,  us  he  srtood 

thing  down  through  hia  nostrils  upon  the 

Iv  of  my  head — ma/ie  the  whole  time  of  thia 

\c6iion  a  tortui*e  of  the  mimi.    We  all  wrote 

w&  in  fear  of  our  lives. 

I     When  the  leason  waa  over — oh,  what  a 
moment  this  waa !    True,  it  was  over ;  but 
,  then  we  all  had  to  show  up  our  eopiea  to  him 
in  sfuccesfiion.    He  now  sto^Hi  twirhng  a  abort 
ruler  in  hia  fiu'^ers,     Wliai  the  writing  waa 
veiy   K%d,   or  l»lotly,   he  eeized   one   of  the 
culprit'ti  haud3~often  the  right  hand — and, 
bending  the  fingers  down,  beat  it  over  the 
knuckles  ;  so  that  in  a  few  minutes  afterwards 
they  were  swollen  a?  large  a.^  miirbles,  and  all 
of  R  red  f^nd  purple  hue.    Thia  it  was  oflen  my 
I  waa  four  years  at  Minerva 
iiy.     Of  the  methods  of  inatruo- 
ipni  ill  iiii^Mi-''   .,        ;  -T".  in  Tjatin  :  "  '  f '     -k 
rudiment*,  U\  ,  and  in  y 

and  the  abuse  I'l  vn-  ^vUi^s,  I  will  sj* »  ,.-iu..ig  ; 
but  as  for  writing,  I  came  away  with  no 
epistolary  *'hajid"  of  any  kind,  no  notion  of 
how  it  was  to  be  acquired,  and  with  a  nioi'tal 
hatred  of  the  fine  art  of  penmanship  in  which 
all  our  family  excelled. 

Ml".  Spiphlicate  gave  me  cake  and  wine  on 

the   morning   I  left ;   and,  all  amilea,  shook 

haudd  wilIi  me  at  parting;  but  my  heart  shud- 

I  der«d  within  me  at  lii^s  touch.     Tlie  r<-'eoHec- 

I  tion  of  his  smile-s,  and  the  suVlue<l  .and  tender 

I'ld  of  his  voice  in  sajing  "Gootl-bye,  van 

'h/*   puzzletl  my  conec]>tions  of  Ijunian 

ire  for  yeara  aJtervvju,!^      '000*1"  with 

i\  tone,  and  a  risii  n — '^  Oood 

*'* — and  the  Bj\\htw  m  gnffiu  I— 

n.    I    think   of  it   now,    thoajL^h  twenty- 

:i    yeor^    have  ulapsi>d,  1  sometime*   feel 

t   I  alhxUd  like  to  smaeh  his  spectacles 

u   his  face,  and  aaanult  him  witn  u  neir 


tlie 


of  about  thirteen  I  left  the 


being  refoae<i  admission  into  several  merchants^ 
conntinff-howse*  on  account  of  uiv  "  hand,*'  I 
Wr       '       *   ^-itji  a  wholesale  tobacconist  in 

0  it^  to  leani  the  busineag.  My 
ۥ1  13  iit  an  end,  and  my  penmanahlp 
It-  lUflf,  to  proceed  upon  the  beau- 
ti!  Illation  jtnrt  described,  I  gradually 
fell  iuU-t  ji  s*^»rt  of  writing  of  the  very  worst 
kind — slow  and  ahapelesa,  or  rapid  and  il- 
legilile,  and  aeldom  twice  alike.  Tliia  con- 
tinued through  yeani,  under  vorioua  circum- 
8tAjjc«a  of  life,  till  here  I  am,  a  loU^cconist  of 
forty,  who  can't  write  hie  wfe'a  Christian 
nanic  in  a  manner  fit  to  In?  rt*iu\  I 

It  may  here  be  aaked,  by  those  who  coii- 
rider  this  nmtter  of  Imnd-wrltin;/  in  a  nieoha- 
nical  light,  whether  theru  is  hut  aomtthing 
Awkwara  or  \inaui table  in  the  shap  of  my 
hand  and  fingers,  or  a  certain  inflexibility, 
inapt  at  all  neat  and  curious  manipuiationa  } 
Not  so ;  but  the  ountniry.  I  innerit  from 
niy  father  an  firtist^a  hand — not  elegant  in 
shape,  but  aniatl,  flexible,  and  hanng  a 
natural  instinct  an<l  running  for  luiy  nice 
operations.  My  father,  besides  his  nmt«hlesa 
**  ptjnmajiship/'  w^aa  not  only  a  devout  ad- 
m\mv  of  Cleranl  Dow,  and  all  the  Dutc^li 
paintexa,  who  iiniwhed  tJverytliinL'  to  the 
minutest  touch,  but  oilen  aii\tiiied  hiiuaelf 
with  making  copies  of  aonie  ftnii  etchingB 
from  these.  Tiiia  I  tdso  did,  and  attained 
gncli  proficiency  with  my  pen  in  making  i>en 
and  ink  drawings  that  they  could  Hcarcely 
be  known  from  copper-plate  etchingis,  1  like- 
wiae  took  readily  to  muiiiical  inntruments ; 
and  I  did  not  find  the  sanie  degree  of  diffi- 
culty in  the  niauipulation  of  strinfa,  the 
fltofiping  of  "  ventiges,"  or  the  touching  of 
kev»,  that  l»  cjomman  to  nearly  all  Iwginners. 

1  ll>egan  with  eme^  and  alwaya  improved 
rapidly  in  prt>iKtrtiou  to  finding  time  tt)  prac- 
tiae.  I  have  a  tuni  for  cabinet-making,  am  a 
£0od  plain  carpenter  (I  hiui  almotit  s}ud 
"cook  ),  have  some  skill  in  practical  mecha- 
Ttlog,  and  the  use  of  all  the  took  and  inBtrit' 
nienta,  luid  beiieve  that  if  I  had  been  a 
dentist  I  could  have  Uiken  out  a  doable  tooth 
in  a  manner  that  would  have  delighted  you. 

But  ie  there  no  other  reanoii,  liesidea  early 
misdirection  and  ci-uel  treatment,  for  the  in- 
famous Bcniwl  I  write  ?  Is  thei^  iiothin*'  in 
my  nervous  temperament  and  character  which 
may  account  for  it,  or  at  learft  bring  in  a  new 
jiikI  iraport^mt  element  to  the  consideration  ? 

If  my  father  was  a  slow,  pkilfiil,  mins- 
taking,  fine-finishing,  phlegmatic  Dutchman, 
what  was  my  mother  ]  I  shall  say  briefly, 
that  iladmn  van  PIoos  was  a  fiery-epirite+i 
BptinLsh  lady,  who  alwayn  very  much  looketl 
down  upim  my  fiither,  and  despised  hii* 
'*hand.*'  Her  parents  hafl  matle  up  the 
m.itc)i,  she  l>eing  quite  a  girl  at  the  time. 
She  WHS  my  futlier's  opiMDsite  in  mu«t  things. 
She  luwl  no  ^jatieuce,  no  sort  of  aj>plicntion, 
Jio  natural  aktU  in  anything  ;  she  had  eitni- 
ca'dinar)'  energies  tuid  animal  »pirit8.  did 
everything  upon  impulse,  aiu]  alttniAtea  the 


waimett  ftflectkniB  s>r  '        ' 
quent  boTBta  of  fair  ' 
ratherV  pftn  fiy  r^ 

But  let  us  n( 
La  going  *>«i  "  ^^ 
fitatt^meut 
ordloary^  i* 

My  thought**  ideas,  or  in  short,  tho  impi 
sions  and  opinioti^   T   wi<i!h  to   convty    njs 
paper,  conn?  mjk.) 
all  at  the  pit  eur 

to  get  throii^jh  th'.-  duui=lL:iL  I  hui\-  , 
lutely  no  patience  to  make  u  letter,  but 
sci-awluig  along,  no  that  it  oftt.jj  li,. 
cannot  myMelf  read  what  1  have  wi 
turning  to  it  a   few  d^yB  after wnr 
r«>aAon  is — It  is  nut  wntiag  iit  all,  br 
strange   marks  and   eyj>)iers    of  n^ 
Would  any  good  early  teaching  \ui  \ 
seized   this  I    I  thinlC  in  a  gi-eat  .i 
would.     It  would  not  have  prevented  .»  i 
scrawl,    wliicJi  is    the   result  of  a  pecuj 
cluu-acter  in  mind  and  temj»€raii>eut  ;  but 
would  have  a  strong  tendency  to  render  t 
scrawl  legible. 

llie  question  of  how  far  the  chai-acter 
men  is  t*>  \n>  known   by  their  ha!i«'^v*^» 
involves  many  \'<ery  curiour*  and    ii 
ccnmid*^rations.     Pv  s.hik'  it  hafl  been  i    ^  : 
as  a  matter  of  d I  i  conjuiing  ;  but 

liny  case  there  i^  true  to  bt^  maile 

it.    'Wa  ae«  adveriij^emtiil^i,  from  time  to  t 
b    the    newepapetv,  oflering    U*   divine 
dividge  the  charTioter  of  any  unknowii  jterson] 
whose  handwriting  ia  brought  to  them,  at 
small  charge  of  five  ehilllnga  jxir  charat*lef. 
By    these   meana    men^  al>:>ut   tn   engage 
partnerslup,  or  to  have  import^'Uit  tm-i      *  ■ 
with  any  one,  may  know    liefore  I 
character  of  the  person  with  whoni  L 
have  to  do  ;    in  like  manner  lovera  mav  tii6j 
maile  wise  beforelnmd,  and  thone  who  fmi 
seci-et  enemies  may  he  warne<l  and  onnbl 
nrepare  for  the  worst.     Is  this  all  not 
Not  ail;    but  it  is  simply  pushing,   as 
commoidy   see,  a  fact  beyona   its  legitima 
l>ound8,  till  it  becomes;  an  abaurdity,  and  m 
fact  at  all  worth  a  pinch  of  snuiT 

Sitting  in  the  UtUe  back  jiarlour  of  my  shop] 
at  Knight.sbridge,  trying  thenieritJi  of  sevenj 
new  cases  of  pipes  from  Hollinit  i,»  *. .  li 
they  iwrformed,  1  fell  into  a  It 
tlie  iitlier  tlay,  on  this  very  sul  »j«'«  ; 
after  cloud  rose  with  august  placidity  ini«j  ih*] 
air,  and  bowed  its  volume  down  from  thc^ 
ceiling, to  exjiand  and  disi^rse  itself  alloverthtf  i 
room,  it  seemed  to  me  that  1  had  ehibin?a<M! 
and  mastered  the  comprehension  of  I  he  wholtti 
of  the  subject, — though  I  had  loat  several  I 
customers  in  consequence,  who,  I  lielieve^  haxil 
entered  my  sihop,  and  gone  out  agjiin,  none  th«5 
wiser. 

In  the  [JiMpositioii  tliut  cliai-fictor  can  be 
discovered  by  the  hajidwriting,  there  is  some 
truth,  which  may  be  considerwi  tinder  several 
distinct  heads  i-^ 

Ist.  Physiologically.  As  the  nervous  s>'S(tem 


>IR  VAN  PLOOS  ON  PENilANSHIP. 


41 


of  neccaaity  an  influence   on   the  hand- 
j,  the  jiiucniiit  of  excitability  in  the  sys- 
iiltspln.yv.il,  inoi'+i  i>i*  leaa,  accoiilin^  to  the 
of  Uri   moment.      Yon    may    often 
iise    the    phyeiaJ    teuitK'niinent    very 
miy-    The  cohl  mun,  whose  blood  mo%^ea 
r  will  generally  write  Biowly.  ciuefally 
lly,  if  not  formally.     Tli«'  jHin  uf  the 
blood  moves  quickly,  diwhefl  aloug, 
the  shape  of  lettei^  of  «if  nif iking 
iUl.     The  nnai  of  impulse  utid  the 
am  of  deli^Je^.1tif^n  are  thus  very  ol'teii  Uiiuie 
>|mreut.     It  must ,  however,  be  b<inie  in  mind 
It  the  impulsive  nmu  may  tje  very  cap»Ue 
tUe  tnoet  eerioiia  delihurAtion,  Aiid  the  de- 
lve man  (thoujrh  this  is  ieaa  likely)  be 
\e  of  impulse.     A  gti"iier,i!  ini|iiy.ssion  Is 
tt  cjin  be  airivt-d  at,  in  mixst  .aKea. 
Sc'Ooudly.    Let  us  look  al  this  Metaphyei- 
My.     Tlist  the  miml  iuflufucea   the  budy, 
lobcmly  doubts ;  and  it  is  only  reanonublc  to 
I't  tfrif  (lie  peculifirity  of  individual  minds 
I,  will   eommuDieato   itself  to 
1.:  hand  m  writing.     Ttiuse  who 
iploy   the    rtrttsomng    puwer-a    chiefly^    will 
»uftlly  write  jslowly  and   legibly — (perhnpa 
Uh  any  i-egidftrity,  for  that  dt'f)end8  upon 
licftl  aptitude) — while  those  whose  ima- 
^ron,  fiftsaions,  or  fancy,  is  chiefly  called 
^to    play,   Bcniwl    ni}>idly  and    geldom  very 
jihlv.     We    expect    the    logician    to   write 
rvr\'  word  with  cleaniei!i3  arid  precision  ;  we 
;f  i,,.tiL;i..,  of  the  BorL  from  the  rb-amatist. 
aia  are  sometimes  in  a  hurry  ; 
ly  Mcmwl  wildly  aa  the  drama- 
that  a  judgment  on  general  nrinciplea 
it  Cfin  reaaonably  be  exytected. 
rtril\v<,  we  will  look  at  the  question  Bio- 
r,'iphi«*nny.    How  were  my  previous  positions 
f     I  found,  by  reference  to  Niehola'a 
'rt  collection  of  Autographs^  and  the 
'^  '' '  '    *  (which  I  one 

fuaeura,  leaving 
Uiii.M^.    ...  .1  ,..,tu..;,  that  in  many 
so*   tlie   writing  was   vei^'   mueh   what   I 
havtt  expeeted  ;  in  othei-s,  it  was  just 
»te.    liere  are  a  few  of  thooe  I  mo8t 
noUxii. 

UistihtJJt.  She  was  taught  win  ting 
^  :Uan>.  ITer  tirat  copy-l>ook  \h  to 
In  thr  '  l/ibran*.  '  ^he  began 

rcll,  and  ixup;  ly,     W^'liile  FiiiictHd, 

lie  ajriie  lo  \sni«'.i  inuitiful  r-i  hand 

AvM  ami  nguhu*  iilniOHt  ai*  ;  hlj  of 

It-      •  '■•■■'■"  !    ••>  t*---'  ..-!.:  after 

'1  did  wimt 

-e!     The 

now    I  the    liTies 

rui  liflv  ■  Hu  of  her 

itliin^^tu 

\\'  ;  inunen>te« 

lt*Uii*]v  b  I(jMv:i — -tJjil  U»»"n  anoili^'i' 

\  with  a  rti;^intiiri'  wurkwl  between, 

haviiiM  il  n  ont- 

»<5  wild  h  food 


Martin  Luther.  Tlie  writing  waa  linu  and 
le'fible,  though  nut  very  equal  nor  very  straight. 
This  1  thought  a  true  version  ;  as  he  had 
strong  piii^wions,  as  well  ua  strong  ivjisous  for 
what  he  diiL 

Sir  Thomas  More.  By  no  mean*  displaying 
the  oalm  firninesd  be  possessed  ;  the  fine* 
crcMnkeil,  and  tumbling  down  hill. 

UaUnA.  Mimly,  bold, — with  a  ourcleBa  caso 
and  cleaniews  denoting  raaater>'  of  hand. 

Lord  Bacon.  Very  like  an  elegant  mo^lem 
shorl-hand.  Clear,  neat,  and  regular,  Tho 
signature  involved  with  broken  lines,  a.*i  if 
a  fly  had  struggled  and  diwl  in,  a  spider's 
web. 

VoUaiit,  Very  dear,  regular,  steady,  and 
straight ;  evidently  not  wiitteu  rapidly,  but 
wttli  a  continuous  eaae,  which  might  go  on 
writing  book  after  book  in  just  the  swime  way, 

Oliver  Cn»iiwtll,  Large,  bold,  legible,  8tej^idy, 
sham  and  straight.  ITie  signature  ma«le 
wy  01  bjUWrda  and  pointed  paliaaties.  But 
another  letter  of  lu3  was  not  at  all  of  thiK 
cluu'acter.  It  displayed  a  perplexe<l  and  un- 
deeideil  mind — at  the  time  it  was  "ftTitten. 

Prince  tie  Condi.  Not  at  all  in  aeeorda«e(> 
with  tlie  strong  expreaaion  and  buffalo-features 
of  Ilia  face. 

Ch/trhttf  Cordatf,  Fimi,  clear,  steady,  l)ut 
not  without  emotion, 

OinniT.  Very  like  the  writiiig  of  Charlotte 
Coniay,  but  not  so  utrong  and  compact. 

Ikinton.  Wilful,  daring,  without  methwl  or 
care. 

George  the  Fourth.  Not  at  all  the  very  gen- 
tlemanly hand  moat  people  would  exptjct — 
rather  like  a  houaemaid*9. 

Pope.  Very  bad,  small,  full  of  indecision ; 
a  very  hedge-row  of  corrections  :uid  erasures. 

Cardinal  Wohei/.  A  good  hnnd,  diaturlx'd 
oiJy  by  nervous  tinerg>'  and  self-wiO, 

Porsijii.  Conect  and  steady  ;  the  reverse  ot 
his  per«(>n.\l  appearance  and  habits. 

Shaksi>enre.  A  very  bad  hand  indeed,  con- 
fused, crowded^  crooked  in  the  lines,  and 
gcarcely  legible. 

ynp'oleon.  Still  more  illegible.  No  letters 
formed  at  all ;  the  signature  a  mere  hajaty 
'* (Scrimmage"  with  the  pen. 

A  few  wort  Li  of  general  goasip  on  the 
subject.  Of  womtsn's  hand-writing  not  so 
much  can  be  said,  at  least,  in  our  own  day, 
when  the  ay^item  of  writing  a  fine  baud  of  a 
pai'ticuhir  kind  renders  so  many  of  them  idl 
idikt— hnndfi  which  seem  to  l>eVery  beautiful 
and  legible,  but  which  are  often  not  at  all  >^\ 
from  the  lettera  i/t,  ??, !/,  i,  and  very  ofl.en  «,  *, 
ftUil  r,  Vteing  a  mere  series  of  up  and  doT^Ti 
elegancicB,  which  are  indistinguishable.  But 
among  those  which  display  charjicter,  it  baa 
ofttn  l»eeu  of  a  very  different  kind  to  the  one 
expected.  On  the  other  side,  see  what  Shak- 
BjM'are's  experience  haa  noticed — 

Malt'**!io.  By  my  life,  this  iw  my  la>] ,'  '  '  '  - 
Tilt  40  ho   hnjr  very  c's,   her  u's,  and  I  I 

thuB  makes  sho  her  great  Vi^     It  Lii 
of  question  my  lady'a  hand. — Tiee^tf^  iVij 


HOUSEHOLD  WOBDS. 


sit  111     ^li"     1^:"'*     *l^'    Itnif*. 


actiiAi  ciiiu-act<fr  oi  tiit*  iwiy  is  tjli«  grunt  putai 

at  lyjue. 

ilcrt)  ttjc  two  wrv  obJLrai:U*rietic  observa- 
tioim  of  t\\  u  >  eiy  ccU^limtcd  meiu  LAK'ke  sityfi, 
iu  a  I'Htor  to  Benjamin  FarJy,  thftt  ' 
qukKir  A  nuu)  witles,  ihe  slower  otliers 
v'  '  '  hxs  written! — UiMp"  he  painUniv 
u'  n  leiiKuk  (luii  njay  oonc^rn  ilie 
/"'/*  as  well  AS  letl<«»."  L^i'i 
«  ^  in  otw  nf  Ills  l*?Uer8  t> 

«■  ui  who  has  tl»e  uee  of  hia  < ; 

biid  ot  ills  haud,  call  write  wluitever  Imtid  he 

1  hjul  nmde  noto«  ni  the  Museum  for  miiuv 
mort\   rt^itsuckm,   but,  ou  netuinijug   hu»»«   to 
I  f^iund  thai  the  little  black 
vilii  fiuthera,  who  hjuj>,'H  i»M 

lae,  with  the  Rtmlv 

,    jtreaent^  that  I  j^h  li! 

I  Will  rufTeiy  coodude  wi 
Frriich   hi*!tc)riau  I  have  li- 


K       -    •      ' 

\ 

I  In;    1'  1 1.  -u.(  ' 

which  hj»H 

ofhunuui  li... 

drop  my  pvu. 

stcrv  from  a, 

rca<f,  whicli  I  think  udmirably  to  the  poiut. 

And  wilt  now  trjittHlitc 

In  the  cai'ly  i>art  of  the  reign  of  LcMiia  the 
Frturtec>uth;  u  Ib^U^j^aieae,  u&iued  IVimi,  whti 
]>■  '      '  '  fno4S,  aud  wae      i 

V  r  who  had  uti 

t  J   i.uiir  by  the  Wat  iu«,  ui:- 

:  e  to  Frunce  to  *e«  what  good  I 
I  il  him.     Iiuriu^  hia  journey  U.  .1 

1  iris  he  ui:uk  the  acquainUuice  of 

I"  Duvnl,  a  jmilicularly  clever  euter- 

inisiug  jK'i"son,  wlio  on  their  oirival  jireaeuttiitl 
mm  to  tho  Aby  de  Li  Baume,  alterwtirdH 
A  I  '•  of  EiubriiLu  This  reverend  |.>ei- 
F  lenly  roiioflvt*d  the  idi^n  of  plaviui,' 

ott  a  \\n\t:i       "  ■  A kich  ba»  [i^eu 

Ctilk'd  U7i^  on.     Finding 

in  the  IwWu.^:.  ,.M  i  wMv-:-.  VI  iVimi,  together 
witli  hin  diah-rt,  made  up  of  Italiau  and 
French  J  his  adj*«»inn>s  nui  peiist^nal  siddresa, 
all  (ho  tjiKililie^  -t  the  exi^cution  of 

hi^  ]>rojeot,  he  s  If  up  i^ith  him  for 

ftix  wet^k^  set'iug  uuIkxI  v  else,  cjccepting  xhe 
l>uke  de  Vetid^imt*,  and  tbo  Grand  Prior  of 
Fkiucv,  hid  brother,  to  wliom  he  pr««enttHl 
rrimL  All  three  employed  the  whole  of  thiii 
tim©  in  teaching  Primi  the  private  hifltors^  of 
pemouB  of  tin?   Court — their  intrigue«,  tfieir 

J?' '"^•v-J,   their  love«,    their    hatreds,  kc. 

- '  -  they  considered  him  sufficiently 

ill-  :  ...cd,  the  Abb6  de  la  Bimnie  spivad 
it  abroad  that  he  knew  an  Itnliitu  from  whom 
nothing  in  the  pa^t  or  future  was  hi<lden, 
the  moment  he  set  eyes  on  the  handwriting 
of  Any  fxjrsun  concerninc  whom  miything  was 
floijght  to  be  known-  They  took  care  that  the 
first  signature  ahouW  be  tbit  of  a  person  whose 
hi-    !  ^  fully  known  to  Primi,   by  their 

i '  .    Liords  aud  ladies,  all  the  wealthy 

Hi*,,  li,  .  wi^.-,  men  ;xnd  women,  the  court  and 
the  city,  luinied  to  Primi  with  autograph 
lettdra  and  aiguatuies  in  their  hands,  and  all 


•'ftm«'i    aWSV   d«inilt-r.ini!JHi"*'il    ni    hiN  ^IkI 

I  what  ht 
v*Hi  all  h. 

i.'onnt»'>*Hof  S'ibantUH,  »LiuV(;:4l]. 
hff  pntrumige.     From  her  he 
tra<.':t»?il  all  hvtXs  i>f  iir 
whole  of  which  he  i 
'  .iccount.   V 
i  told  her 
o-i,,.   I- 

Li^   1. 


iViiui.    The  ludiun  < 
informed  the  C'ouiit 
that  of  an  old  ml&er,  a 
pawnbriiker, — a  fellow  u. 
action.     The    lady  Btoo«i    <r,: 
a^eui^eii  him  that  tliis  ouc«  hi 
moat   stupidly  ;    but   Primi   p 
j?ming  her   that  he  had   nj«il 
Tlu'r..iini.>.-  torik  back  the  1f'.i« 


lungvnugc   eti 
<  tation  of  t^f^ 
hiind  writing. 
.  for  the  letter 
iuuidHiiting,  but  that  of  AL  U 
1  Ilia  iirivate  aei"retar>',  wh<»  ho 


learnt   I 

: ,    .        IujV.'   a,- 

with  the  pi  1, 

Ko»»e,     The    kiii^;    w  . 

the  myatery.     It  wh-h  iiM*  deej' 

to  be  endure^l.     Thf>  noxt  itior: 

his  chief  w/rt 

to  him  in  hid  [ 

hia  Majesty,  "1  iiavc  <'>i\ly  tw 

— ^)'onr  secret  ! — for  which  I  ^ 

penaioQ  of  two  thtiuaand  ix)nnil- 

gallows!"     It  in    hanily  ne<     - 

which  of  the  two  was  choten  by  lL.. 


U 


lUl. 

Kol 

•  It 


GOSSIP  ABOUT  BRUSSELS. 

The  nunicrouB  heterogeneoua  trait  =;  in  ttfj 
.Hel^ui   ehanicter   (a^d^nable,  of 
the  mijted  Rices  of  which  the  i^eoplt 
|>of*eil),    are,    in    the    opinion    or    the 
amusing   of    travelled    gosteipe;,  Herr 
ty^jified  in  the  outwanl  physio^  1 
site  of  the  Belgian  cajiif/j.     ii 
correaponili"-  .„..-.m1;..,-;,;,,^  ju  ^,^,_.  ,,  ;,^, 
Eurojjoaji  f  wlucli  he  con< 

exhibit  t<.N        ^  typed  of  th« 

racter  of  the  nations  to  wKich  they  res 
itivelj  belong;    that    chai'a»!ter  lii»Li»g   i 
^  fest  m  the  locality  and  buildings  of  tbi^ 
themselves^   no   less   tban  in  the  social 
pfjliticid  relations  of  their  inhabitants. 

**In    St.    Petci'slmrgh,  with    its    gew-ifaw 
pducea,  its  ncwT  '       ted  streets 

in   8traig]it  pjn  it«  total 

of    historic    m«  i.    la.iiL^,   obiiervea  ^.f 


pt<ft«»») 


GOSSIP  ABOUT  BEUSBELS. 


■I'iluh 


'    t>   the    shi 


the  m.i 
where  i  i 

fvffrty,  whilst  the  J 
Xew  1 


■  'H       ilo      W<i      T:'-^ 

of   all    b 
II  tlie  ruiiJ- 
',   Uouspd 


<1  the  arrogtint 

T^tate  of  taste 

Russia.      In 

.  atc'd  fjiivirou^, 

;i!l'l  i}iv  niiato-  I 

'  Old 

-.  of! 

■it    oi%^''rvrr    the' 
III 


The  scenery  of  Belgium  is  plafising  rather 
Ihun  graiKl ;  conwBting  chiefly  of  cidtivated 
plains^  here  and  there  vftrieil  l.v  L'.ritle 
eminences.     The«e  fvaturce   i  ' 

coimtryiu  tlie  immerl»rtt*»  envli 
At  a  little  cl'-'  ,  iLc  \ullcy 

of  the  Sc'iine  ■  nivt*  iihiiiu 


.V"; 


of  tiM?  OJd  j 

nnd  closes  i 

'        :l;uul| 

'.Aid 

'Hi  L'j  rcja-eat'iit 

iwlaru!-?,    ecrioheU   hy   newly 

:  '       :aid   tnuie.     Itt  Vieuoa, 

1  .'-e,  in  alnioat   all  ^reat 

>vf  ,,,ni  K  «iti*etch  of  ituii- 

-es,  fill"  I  f'ulilic 

,lyphJCSj  which, 

'  d,  revwil  the  liLstory  atid  chu- 

i  tioii  ruvd  people  to  which  ejich 

lliia  uotiou  njAV  posaibly  be  domewhat  (ah- 

ciful  ;   lL»ut,   nevertheleBs,  Mr  Kohl  supporta 

it   by  mjtu^   very  iii^^fui'>ua  rwisouingt    ftud 

P'    "     '      it  hy  a  multitude  of  curioiia  fiictfl 

i   to  the  Belgiau  <:apitalj  some  of 

- "...f,. 

ud  to  be  a  fruit  which 

^  tht!  tree  wliereon  it  hna 

Tlie  mingled   eleiueuts 

_  I  oj  jjeople  are  distinctly 

t  I  tli«  wbule  ouiwiuxl  BApect  of  theii* 

ite    (dd  iipeciraetiB   of   arehi- 
'  1 11149   y»  wttU  as   Gothic,  Ix^iur 

The 

:  dominioD 

^  i   Itch  rale  ; 

theiieo   to    the    present    Bel^aj) 

1  In   pruning   fruTiu  on^  ^;1i^t^if*t  of 

it  is  ninxf  !.^  to 

i-^nts;  of  I  ^e«  as 


who,  whilst 
to  what  Ls 
l»tttude  Lti 


umum  M 


the  ajiti*  | 

thR 

elc- 

aiid 

with 

md 

pro- 

the   wov»deU    and    hilly    Walloon 

tu'l  the  mwHhy  kiid  of"  Flaudera ; 

the   lonn»'i'    rerat'senletf   by   the    Forest  at 

iyoign^,  and  the  Wter  hy  the»wampy  rueiidowt) 

aluiijL;  the  Setiue. 

lirui^ela  Is  not  oaly  aujTouiided  by  parkit 
utid  gardeiiH,  but  even  within  the  city  ^allfi 
the  eye  is  contijiuallv  refreshed  hv  the  night 
of  bhady  trees  and  bltjomijig  fiower-botls. 
The  atriuiger,  ou  fij-st  setting  foot  i/i  llie  eit^. 
La  inipreaswl  with  the  conviction  tlmt  he  is  m 
the  heiu"t  of  a  hi|,ddy  cultivated  and  feitile 
land.  iVIadi-id,  the  capital  of  a  country  in 
which  agicultnre  Rud  Rardeuin^  are  in  a.  very 
backward  atate,  lb  UD.iaonied  with  vegetation ; 
nndf  fis  fiu-  us  regrirds  trt^es  and  flowers,  the 
HpLuiah  ciutital,  compru'ttl  wath  Bruflsels,  is 
like  a  city  m  the  mid»t  of  n  desert. 

In  nuirlted  accordjuice  with  the  elements 
of  the  |x>pulation,  and  with  the  natural 
featm-es  of  the  country,  are  the  occupations 
of  the  Belgians  in  theii*  capital.  Art  aiid 
science,  nianuf act  urea  and  luuidienifls,  flourish 
in  Bruaaels,  and  an  ent^:*r[»riaing  ami  specula- 
tive gpirit  in  trade  ia  a  dititinctive  trait  in  the 
Belgian  charactei*.  ^Liuiy  branches  of  ujanu- 
facture  have  been  brought  to  the  highetit 
point  of  perfection  in  BrusseU,  which  is  not 
mei*ely  the  residence  of  the  Belgian  court  and 
noViility,  but  has  from  the  moat  remote  times 
*      ii   an  active   tradinc:   and  man  :''        -  P2 

It  is  not  lesfl  celt^brated  for  1 
.wi  cloth  and  carpet-weaving^  thak  ...  o.  .cu- 
tific  and  artistic  efforts,  and  their  succesafoi 
ivaults, 

Aiuoug  the  residents  of  Brusaela  we  find 
rich  banI<;oi"fi,  merchuntt^  and  raanufhcturere, 
as  well  as  retired  eapilalifita  and  land-o%inag 
nobles.  In  piiaaiing  through  the  city,  one  fre- 
lauently  finds  a  spacious  gan.len  a<\joliiing  li 
aeusely-bnilt  jji  uup  of  houses ;  or  an  elegant 
newly-erected  building  abutting  on  a  venerable 
<»ld  wall,  the  veatige  uf  paist  eeutiiries  ;  or^ 
'^"+  r  pressing  a  nmge  of  stately  hoiHcs*.  de- 
iiig  the  name  of  palacea,  one  suddenly 
r3  a  manufacturing  i^uarter  of  the  city, 
with  ita  tall  towering  chimnej^a ;  then,  pro- 
ceeiiing  a  little  further,  w^e  arrive  at  a  CAiud, 
where  ever-plying  boatB  keep  up  continuouB 
intercourae  between  the  busy  tnulintj  diBtiicta 
of  the  city.  Nobles  who  are  proud  to  tmco 
their  line»f?e,  even  in  the  twentieth  docrrec,  to 
John  of  Brabant  and  M.-ugaret  of  Famia^ 
drive  their  emblazoned  e<^uipng;e><  (hrough 
*^'  '  aame  etreeta  In  which  the  humble  hice- 
ijiii  sit  at  work,  and  in  whicli  carpet- 
vei.s  ;.a»lilsniitha,  turners,  dec.,  display  at 


44 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


the  doors  mid  mindows  of  tlio  houae«  the 
product**  of  their  iiidu^ti^  aud  skill. 

It  I*  H  ffvct  Uifjiily  honourable  to  the  Bel- 
gians, tliai  they  hiive  earaed  distiDction  in 
alnictst  every  br-jiuch  of  human  industry  ;  and 
tliat  even*  clf(»rt  turning  to  a  ueefiil  purpose, 
^►htftiim  frojit  (hvni  ready  tinconj*ayenifnt  an«l 
]'\  *        ■    I    fiict,  no  less  • 

ii  M    DO  clas8  or  | 

Ciiji^mi.iiiiiil;     i\    j'.ni      uf    i]w    ;LjTesHt     I 

ftuaily,  in  depreciated  or  dt'SptSfMl  in 
This  trail  of  the  national  chanicter  U  —  .  ,.j 
jimrkt'd  iu  Bruivn-ls,  where  priestJB,  soldiers, 
govemnient  olhciala,  noblemen,  trndcsmen, 
luerchaiitii,  and  mochnnicK,  Uvt>  in  clow  con- 
tact, not  onJy  umE^turlH'd  )>y  lioittile  feelinj^^, 
"but  on  A  footing  of  mutual  respect, 

T\\\it  Bt^itrt  f»f  things  has,  :ui  loaj  Daturally 
1  '       \Mi\  riae  to  a   voaI  degree   of 

1  ion.      In   Brussels  the  Jews 

1i;m  t   1 11 '  ;  I  :    :  Pro tcflt^-intA  of  varioua 

sects  hnv'^  otive  ]tliicea  of  worship, 

and  id!  an   <,^.    wll<»w  their  own  religions 

«h«ervancea  without  iutederence  *ji'  uiole^iiii- 
liou-  On  her  emancipation  from  Austrian 
nnd  Dutch  dominion,  Bel^rium  began  to  enjoy 
n  runaonablo  share  of  ixditical  freedom  ;  and 
gince  the  restonition  of  national  independence 
juid  the  esinblifjhment  of  the  Constitution  of 
1831,  UruaseLs  hm  been  the  favourite  aaylum 
of  political  refugees  from  all  imrta  of  Europe, 
During  the  la«t  twenty  year»,  great  numbers 
of  foreii-uer**  have  settled  in  Belgium ;  and 


1' 

mnJ 
It 


m   are  f«*rsoua  of  all  nvnks  and 
.  ploasure-Beeking  men  of  wealth, 
;«nd  nuthore,  princes,  noblemen. 


poiwible  for  any  one  writing 
on  BrUbaeU,  to  omit  some  notice  of  its  ^rin- 
t^pal  squares,  streets,  anrl  i>ublic  buildin^js, 
aeveral  of  which  excel  all  similar  obiects 
of  iutei*est  in  many  other  European  capitalB. 
The  Crnutd  S^^uare,  called  the  Place  de  nlOtel 
de  Ville,  hn.s  ni>t  its  equal  in  any  city  of 
noitheni  Eurojic,  and  is  *>ul3'  excelled  by  the 
ffi-eat  ojicn  placea  in  the  towns  of  Italy  ;  as, 
for  exsiUiple,  the  Piazzai  of  St.  Mark,  at 
Venice. 

The  Place  do  PHStel  de  Ville  ia  a  afMicion.i 
pnndlelogi'am,  sun-ouuded  by  buildings  i-e- 
niarkable  for  their  giundeur  and  beauty,  and 
deeply  intcroating  fur  their  antiquity.  In 
other  partfi  r»f  Ihni^wels  many  old  streeta  have 
been  entirely  pulled  down,  and  whole  dis- 
tricts have  been  newly  built :  but  here,  in  the 
centre,  and  na  it  were  the  sanctum  jptnicfonon 
of  their  cupihd,  it  would  HOam  that  the  citizens 
of  iVuaaelH  have  preserved  everj^  object  with 
A  Bort  of  religiouM  care.  This  may  be,  because 
it  lA  the  !i*|>ot"  on  which  all  their  ruoflt  fondly- 
cberiahed  nalioiml  recollections  rally ;  or, 
lieomise  it  would  Vie  extremely  difficult  to 
0|j«srate  any  change  in  that  part  of  the  city, 
owing  to  the  solid  and  substantial  nature  of 
the  buildings.  Several  of  the  honae.s  iu  this 
great  square  are  of  genuine  old  Spanish 
structure ;    othera  ana  Gothic   and  Flemish 


buildings:  nil  l>ear  the  stamp  "^  vf»n 
antiquity  ;  and  time  has  vrvwi 
much  fewer  ravages   than   ar. 
the  Piazjea  of  St,  Mark  in  Venice. 

The   Staflhuis,   or  to  cjill   it  by  Hi 
genendly  adopted  French  name,  the 
Ville,   exceed.s    in    architectural    Vm»»ii 
■   lilding  in  the  Netheil 
the  Statlhuis  ia  uu 
ii.tis'i^MMio     Structure,      The     ,-^i«ii.i<-i 
whicli   surmounts  the   roi:>f  of  llu« 
fifttel   de    Ville   in  one  of  the  moat 
I  creations  of  architectural  skill  ;  on  its 
{ stmtda  a  statue  of  the  Archangel 
which,  Btrmigely  enough,  is  made  to 
the  funetiona  of  a  weathercix'rk.     Evm 
privfite  houaea  ia  the   Place  de  THilVtel 
Ville  are  all  more  or  less  pnjfasely  d 
with    ai"chitectural   oniauient*.      §ome    Im 
been  the  scenes  of  great  eveiita  which  hoi  i 
pr€>minent  place  in  the  world'-  ^     " 
othera    are   asuiociatwl   trmilr 
strauge  domestic  incidental,  \vi...  ,. 
jireserved  in  the  memory  of  the  i  i 
Irum  generation  to  generation,  dui 
or  four  centuries. 

I  aaw  the  window  from  which  the  O 
i^iont   and   Hoom    8te|iped   forth   to    tiv 
Bcaffold   prej)ared  for  their  execution       \v- 
Germana,    whithersoever     we   go, 
thoughtfi  wandering  to  Goethe  an 
In  Switzerland   we   seek   the   8}xH    rriii.     i 
memoriible  by  Tell's  renown,   nnd  we  Wf-rnl 
our  way  to  Kussnacht  and  7'"'  "  • 
Genoa.  Fieaco  s  palact>  i^  our 
attrriction,  and   m   Belgium   c   . 
are  absorbed  in   everything  an»ociat434 
Goethe's  Egmont. 

It  waa  iu  the  great  Hall  oi  the   Brui 
Stadhuis  that  the  Emperor  Chnilt'!^  tb< 
perfornjt'<l  his  solemn  act  of 
son  Philip  kneeling'  at  Ida  feet, 
a^Aemblage  of  Prmce^  and   >»..M»*3 
luxkund  him,    Thia  abdication  m  a  auQ 
which  Belgian  artiata  would  aeetu  to 
a  strong  prtHlilcction,  and  in  many  of 
paintingH  thia  scene  ia  ably  iuid  f»ow 
povirtrayed.     Few   hiatorical  subjects 
a  deeper  and  more  varied  intereat,  or 
l»etter  opf»ortunity    for  the  employment 
grand  pictorial  accessories. 

One  of  the  moat   remarkable  of  the  Oi 
hiatoricjd  houses  on  the  Place  de  riTi'itel 
VtUe  at  Bruaaela,  ia  that  now  diatiii-.    "  ^    ' 
the  name  of  the  Ilotd  tie  Bt'asseurk, 
to  have  been  the   residence   of  Ch.ui 
Fifth.    Another  hffuae  knowm  bv  the 
lation  of  U  Pot  (TEtaiJi,  is  that  in  whii 
Duke   of  Wellington    eabibli^luHi   his    h 
quarters  in  the  year  1815,  mid  whore  he  ga 
a  ball  on  the  eve  of  the  twittle  of  Waterloo. 

But  the  house  which  moat  hrmly  rivets 
obaerver'a  attention,  ia  one  fronted 
balcony.  From  that  balcony  the  Duke 
Alba  witnessed  the  execution  of  Egmont  a 
Hoorn.  There,  whibt  the  fatal  axe  wj 
raiaed  over  the  head  of  the  noble  Egmo] 


by 


GOOD  INTENTIONS. 


45 


Alb*  ].'  '    '  "    V        ^hed  those  crocodile 

temn  ^  r  m  his  Historj'  of 

Fail '-  _..t...,v..,,.i.is. 

ben  I  visited  the  H6t«l  de  Ville,  I  was 
tlie  kt>B  of  tlie  city  gates,  wJvidi  it  is 
ry  lo'  |-jreaent  (aa  a  mark  of  honour) 
'jgm  aiid  other    cjistinguished   per- 
*u  Ihbir  solemn  entry  into  BniHselfl. 
["Itep  Rre  niatlc  of  silver,  and  tuv  niajitei-- 
of  workmanship.     On  the  himdle  of  one 
them,  the  city  itself  is  repre5ente<j  in  moat 
''     ■  key?*  hjwl   tongiieH 

'  hey  not  tell  of  the 
ii  x.^^..i<.  -y.  which  Bnisseli^  ha* 
]je<  D  the  scene  1  During  the  last  fifty  years, 
tJie  keys  of  Bi-usseli  have  lieen  presented 
Tinder  very  various  circumatances  to  three 
'very  dlifereut  mastera  ; — Nnpoleon,  William 
of  K»i«&&ii,  and  Leopold  of  Saxe-Coburg. 

**  GOOD  INTENTIONS'* 

A  SrOBT  OF  THE  AFRICAX    BLOCKADE. 

Ko  one  cait  question  the  gix^d  inteDtious  of 

oiir  country  iii  persisting  in  the  slave  blockA<le* 

Putting  out  oi   consideration   the   enormoua 

emii-  iLU  over-taxerl  people  are  mmie  to  con- 

'   to  this  Africain  slave  war,  th«?  question 

iKSL  whether  such  intentions  areprLMliic* 

live  of  und  etid  they  have  in  view,     Tnnt  the 

liorror*  of  th*»  i^tASAager  from  Africa  U:>  Brazil 

idly  aggnivateil  by  the  dread 

1  [itiire  by  oixr  cruisers,  is  M'ell 

^uiiw li,     1  a:iL,  uiiitead  of  proiidiug  something 

ie    &    convenient    Bpjkce    for  their  human 

...»•,.,., 'jj,g  to  land  all  in  health 

i:orH  in  human  fl+*ah  now^ 

Hi  and  alighteat"clippera" 

Iri  which  tbt»y  Btow  aa  many  slaves  aa  they 

can  posaiVily  pack  together,  stud  only  strive  to 

umkv  the  run  aa  fast  as  ihc^  can,  is  equally 

w^Il     knowii        And    why  f     Because    our 

cr  '  lined  the  price  of  hhiek  flesh 

ii  luarket,  and  the  slave  trailer 

'  can  only  escape  capture  once 

anti  on  that  occaRion  hmd 

.•  -   li,.  >.  .^.  hia  cargo  alive,  he  will  have 

xuiuli^    an    exctUcnt    proiit    on    the    thrt^e 
*♦  venture*,** 

How  hanl  a  slaver  ^"ill   strive  to   ei«cape 
i:^pfnrt\  and   how  <j:n?.i1y  she  will  tumble  to 
the  follo^v  h  will  show.     It  is 

Hfriry  in  »  Imt  n«Ti>^a. 

Huu  and 

uitraniis 

♦I'j'v  I  i>.  W,  couif?e 

ue.     Save  the 

■'  ■    - iix>k-out»"  in 

ven,^   one  aeeiae*!  takiuj?   it   easy. 
d    tlierK   wan    no    inducement   to 
for  the  sky  Wii«  cloudless,  and  the 
if   ih:i*     brdmy    warmth    that 
mcj  r.    TIk*  men, 

jfor»",  ;  as  "  ns   they 

■  he  deck  ;  the 
uv  teas<Mi  the 
#Ookt  til**  Hui>;v<ut  oiviue*!  tiin  1x1116  between. 


watching  thf>  flnng-fish  and  readia{>  a  new 
work  on  anatomy  (t!iou(;h  he  never  turn«'d  a 

f.v.^»,     ,.:.,,..^  .      ^^^l,]],.     f}...      I-Mtfliaut     of     th« 

L;ne,"  or  occa- 
'^tx'pe  the  blue 
hilis  ot  Madagascar  in  the  dustance. 

'*  Sail  ho  I  ahouted  the  look-out  in  tho 
forcto]). 

"  Wlii*re    away  1 "    cried    th<»    Uoutetiant, 

Hpriuiting    to    hia    feet,   while    at   the  aaroe- 

inormnt  every  man  seemed  to  have  lost  hiii 

I  liMtleaaueaa,  and  to  be  eager  for  action  of  any 

kind. 

"Over  the  starboard  quarter,  makinff  Soa- 
West." 

1'he  captain  hastened  on  deck,  while  th© 
second  lieutenant  nm  zdofli  to  have  a  look  a^ 
the  strange  craft. 

"  What  do  you  make  her  out,  Mi.  Saunders  ?  '* 
asked  the  captain. 

"A  fore-and-aft  schooner,  Sir,  hull  down." 

*'  'Bout  ship,"  crie<l  the  cfiptain  ;  and  in  an 
instant  every  man  waa  at  his  po«t. 

"  HcIui'b  a  lee  '* — **  raise  tacks  and  sheets  ^^ 
— "  luainsjiil  liaul,"  &c. ;  and  in  live  minutea 
the  SemiramU  w*m  standing  in  pursuit  of  tho 
atiTinger,  while  the  men  were  employed  in 
**  cracking  on  **  all  siiil  to  aid  in  the  chase. 

What  is  it  that  makea  a  chase  of  miy  kind 
so  exciting  ?  Tht?  ijidescrilmble  ea^^emeaa 
which  inii>els  human  nature  to  hunt  any-thing 
huntahle  is  not  exaggerated  in  "Yathek, 
in  which  the  population  of  a  whole  city  is 
dedcribed  as  followiuL'  in  the  chiwe  of  the 
black  genie,  who  rolletl  himself  up  into  a  ball 
and  trundled  away  before  them,  attracting 
even  the  halt  and  the  blind  to  the  pursuit. 
Btit  who  shall  describe  the  excitement  of  a 
chase  at  sea  I  Mow  eagerly  is  everj*  e^'e 
atrained  towards  the  retreating  aaila  ?  how 
auxioualy  is  the  result  of  eacb  successive 
heaving  of  the  log  Listened  for !  how  many 
are  the  conjectures  aa  to  what  the  stranger 
a-head  may  prove  to  be  !  and  how  ardent 
are  the  hopes  that  she  may  turn  out  a  prize 
worth  takW !  For  be  it  rememberetl  that, 
unlike  the  diase  of  a  fox  on  land,  where  no 
one  cares  for  the  object  jjuraued,  cupidity  is 
cnliated  to  add  to  the  excitement  of  a  cluise 
at  sea.  Visions  of  prize-raoncy  float  before 
the  ey^  of  every  one  of  the  pursuerw,  from 
the  captain  to  the  cabin-boy. 

The  Seroiramis  beiuff,  on  the  tack  she  had 
now  taken,  conaideramy  to  the  windwaixl  of 
the  stranger,  there  wa^  evei-y  chance  of  her 
Aoon  overling  her,  proridecf  the  hitter  held 
the  course  she  was  now  steering.  But  who 
could  hope  that  she  would  do  that  1  Indeed, 
all  on  boanl  the  brig  exjiected  every  moment 
to  hear  that  she  was  lying  off  and  rmming 
away.  If  she  did  not  do  so,  it  would  be  almost 
a  proof  tliat  she  waa  engaged  in  lawfid  com- 
merce, and  not  what  they luid  expected,  and, 
in  truth,  hojied. 

An  hour  had  passed,  and  the  Senurarais  had 
visibly  gained  on  the  schooner ;  so  nmcli  »o, 
that  the  bull  of  the  Utter,  which  wjm  luag» 


Hi 


:-,!,  "-Mcingj  cuuM  noir  l«| 


L--.t>t4mi. 
we 

ffi.1111  th«  tunixil-up. 

*•  I  botwj  nhe  will  tarn  out  a  tk^tter  pme," 
r«»nlit»il  till'  L'upUm. 

^Hic  inilL  i«»  they  luwl  ciptureil  that  tttne 
poll  Fctlroj  cotidemnecl  htsr.  and  V»rokw»  her 
up.     The   capUiu   wa*\   ovsnerti  of   her  hsul 


ho'w/*  KJiici  the  tm  tlie  T 

**  mny  be  sUi-'  waf  '»vr  UHi  Otf  ^ 

by  |»retHn<linx  tu  W  iiil  right  ami  j>rujMrr,  and 

not  tn  have  n.  notion  tliat  we  can  he  coniiTig 

after  hi^r." 


tioo  to  bi 


AOfd    it 
Bchn-i 

I  WI18     ■ 

.^^.,....,...,1  .    .,.,  ,.,r»tj  to  the  antii^actioii  of  the 
j\  -lie  VPJU4  no/  iMipii'^eJ  in  tb*- 

^  1  n'liiiyrnu.'ijitv. « M-i'v  in&o  on 

]  I  at  her' 

(■  .  quot.l  of 

vciujg  jjii/  It  Muald  be  iropoM*ibl*   Xo 

'\\  ,  w.'ig  a  Koi  :tnxi«tT  \*'ith  which  aII  on  btmt^i  *Jl» 

oil  boo.;  J  the  fe*jiiai;iiiiia.  I  raraifi  now  watcbed  the  litUc  I 

Another   hour   i'l:i|>»cd :   the   bull    pt  the  wjw   literally   msliiug  into  1 1 

iH  '  '    js'an  Ui.\ui  viftil  !    "'        "Ic*  ihtdk  of  stractiivn  ■,        '  ' 

t  dhew;uinvi  nii  crafl :  ee.%9ive   w 


iiowwij 

i.oiiit»i||| 
'1  ha  ImmeDse  adTnntAg* 


ptxjkn.    ..4  .^.iucipfttion 

Lrina;  in  w  theiu. 

<1<  I]  (  aIUt  c«uij*i'.  anv- 


Sbrtw  the  colours,"  ci'ietl  the  eapi;^  on  the   quite  irre«5pective*  of  the  pme-i 


iig  at  that  motnent 
the  little  cnwfl  1.  .4. 
iunS  wuled  m  gaily,  ber  wl 
iip«ra  flaabing  in  the  bth, 
]inniuera    mentally    prayeil    lot- 


liCJ 


k  ;  **  Itst  *a  »e4f  wliat  flajj  a1 
i«h  en«igTi  was  soon  Ion 

tl  •    ;    but  the  Bcboonei    ai 

^  rs  in  renly. 

'n-t    lientcnftnt,  wbo    tv  ,^ 

V  !i  the  gijisa,  cried 

Then?  wtvi  a.  ftboi-t  pttuae.  Evcrj'  KorL  ul 
«py  !^!n5<^  in  the  ship  wns  in  ie<]ui8itw»u,  Kvery 
I   "  I  lined  to  its  utJaoat  viHunl  teii&iou. 

"1  ::  broke  tbe  tfiknce  with  *'  Holloa ! 

hin    <    e.tsing   off;     going    to   run    for   it   nt 
Ja»t" 


M  loaf  b)^  her  de»tnictio 
doet  not  like  to  see  t\] 
.<ri...^ie,&t  any  pritv;, 

I     Tlioy  begfiin  ulitjo<  lo  llilnk  tbe  scl 
"l».f»»  a  chinned  life;"  t'n  w1.».  ^^^.-m^id 
lug  over   the    very  ,  lad 

>'  foam  of  the  Vir*aj:<  i  l>ete«i 

round  Iut. 

<*  Bleaaed,  if  I  don't  Ibink  nheS  ^hr  Fit* 
Dutchman^*'  aaid  one  blnc-jacV 
^'  Goxnmon,  Bill — ain't  wv  r 
and  don't  you  know  UmtV  ju-r,  wUe 
Flying    Dutchman    never    eould    get 


She  'a  a  Uftle  too  late/*  wud  the  lieutenant,   replietl  bi*  meswnnle. 


*'  Befoie  the  wind  these  ltir»vjuiit'aft  schooners 
nrr  tniiv  ^Imhi  -h  r,n  tbe  wind  they're  clippers/' 
lie  LS  clear  that  the  t^chooner  bud 

ftt  Uvt  lu  jMLii  f^rberlifo,    Hy  going 

otf  with  tiie  will  J     'i     ,   t   n  nr.>od  Ptart  of  the 
bri^' ;  fuid,  althMn.i    ,t  .  ,i^  h*'r  worst  point  of 


The  little  schooner  bonnda  onwai-ds  in 
— 'Buddonly  she  staggars*  and  etisTy 
abivens. 

•*  She  baa  struck  !  *'  cry  twenty 
once. 

Now  j^  Hmob  with  a  coming  wavo,  and 


unifing,  still  the  breeze  was  so  light  that,  while  she  aettien  down  iigain  with  a  viftlence 


it  auited  b'-*r,  it  was  iutufticient  to  niake  the 
b**rivler  briif  i«»ll  welL 

For  tbruo  hounj  the  chase  continued,  and 
neither  vp«8el  seemed  to  gaitj  ou  the  other ; 
1ml  the  br*  eze  was  now  frcahenin^%  and  the 
Bendramis  at  length  bet^an  tn  diminish   the 


distance  l>etween  herself  and  thf<  Brjixiban.   rent  asumJer— her  crew  nre  stimg^tjUuff  jj 


Ri^bt  ft-bead,  in  the  coui^e  they  were  pur- 
»iung,  lay  a  point  of  land  projecting  fnr  into 
the  eea,  and  tbe  cbait  showed  a  tremen- 
dous reef  of  rockd  extejiding  some  three 
miles  beyond  it.  It  wn*  certain  that  neither 
ve»8el  could  clear  the  reef,  il"  they  held  the 
course  thev  were  then  steering, 

"Keep   her   a  little  inore  to  windward/* 


brings  her  topm^ats  on  the  d<»ck, 
^  Out  with  the  boatjt/'  is    the  order 

ImmitiI  tbe  *Semirami«,  and  the  men  fly  to 

ecute  it- 
Another  wave  lift*  tbe  schooner — ftnot)i< 

ft?ai*ful  crash — aho  rolls  over — ^licr  «b 


water — and  with  them  («!ver)*  niftn 
at  the  Bight)  hundreds  of  negro<»a,  mani 
to  each  other  and  fetteied  to  the  lower  d* 
are  shot  out  into  the  fimm. 

Brav<»ly  pulled  the  aeamen  in  the  bonta  of 
tbe  S  ■    ;    but   two  Ktrong  swiramei 

who  '  their  way  tbroiigb  the  l»o*dini 

aurf,  wLie  au  they  saved.     So  sLigbt  was  th< 


^Ul(M  f>U^M«.| 

HINTS  ON  EMERGENCIES.                                             47 

■?     As   a  i'                 r 
ill    cJise   L'.    .....;.    oc 

caiieci  on  to  pilot  a  «hip ;  nor  a  tmkfci 

'T  pneiinifttics  Lest  souiclwi.ly  rnf.y  some 

him  to  construct  n*!                  ;  so  a 

Mpdc'J'^  aciih,  two  Mily  of  tilt', 
iturivoii  to  t«}U  of  tbv  numWr 
Ilk! 

StureJj  tJili&  aad  tale  xudv  ut  least  bu  »»l*l<*ji 
okiftloLiie  of  ills  prtjAnoeil  by  Eu^lAnd  « 
j»»t^iitiona  "  iu  slm-iiig  to  Buppres«  the 


HINTS  ON  EMERGENCIES. 

Ay  innof^nit-lookifisr  littl<»  book  lies  on  our 

+'i>r  which 

ibotindin 

'  ►  mer- 

[31  ^e  LB 

1 1  appears 

V  hcnu«,  as 

itvoductfi  stic    Medicine 

every  f\y>  It  ia  niennt 

■  lie   lii»i>»e 

U  uud  \u\Lv,,  utliers  and 
i'jory  of  what  they  rtnn  uever 
|tT7n-tiee;    yet    tho   very   turn, 

-  «»f  their  existence — their 
'     r  sTrLillc^t  fictions  by  day 


lly   not  a 

aiiu'Ut  at  smF!!- 
duv  twt:<T>r;.     ;, .  1 

eithi'i'  tit  f iubc  W'.i 
t»>  Ije  called  into  ai.i 
emergency^  the  &lii  f  > 
the  divHr  woidd  be  s 
Wiied  for   lifn.     Ij, 
cifdlVya  little  ' 
gtfTooB,  It  is  a  : 
Th«CKlore  Huuka 


•*  :irul   tins 

lnd<»eil  if 


itient 


Jt;ini    Willi"!*' 
end,   and    y^ur[ 
pmyr- 


A-ay8 
for 

uLs  hnp^rtdi  in 
V  don't  liHppcn 


were  predpieeB,  door-stepM  jg^ 


-.  not  iii«reiy  a  diizi- 

Curisin  William  "  has 
alre**iy  raiated  the  perils  of  domfstio  medi- 
cine in  tne  piv       1  -        -■    ^    -  ^    *  .  t,     , 
eer  his  aunt,  i 

her  power  ot  u^-.u   ii,  ...,=.  .,  >   .t^ 

Dick   Turpin   cleaned   out  t\  ii  At* 

power  of  their  wealth  :  but  sL  ..  hftrm- 

teeci  nuisance  compared  with  an  Uncle  Thomasu 
a  Mr.  BriggH,  or  an  Annt  IHargerv,  armea 
witli  a  pair  of  forceps,  n  lancet,  or  a  AcalpeL 
Euphemia  has  swoomed  !  "  Open  an  artery  !  '* 
exelaims  Uncle  Tom,  and  rtishea  to  his  t«xt- 
htyttky  ties  up  the  arnu  opens  his  lancet,  then 
the  vein  ;  and  lastly,  being  perfectly  innocent 
of  its  existence— the  arter}-  below.  '  This  i&  a 
mortal  injury.  Enphemia  lin^'ora,  and  only 
reriveg  after  the  applicatiun  of  much  profea- 
aional  skill  and  a  yearns  ilhieiss. 

How  vei-y  straight-forwiu'd  and  mechRuiciil 
appears  tlie  act  of  tooth-drawing  !  ]Mi'.  I'lHigg* 
tries  his  hand  on  the  dentals  of  bis  heir ;  but 
breaks  down  the  jsruma^  lacerates  the  cheeks, 
and  fracturea  the  jaw-bone  of  liis  eldestdmrn. 
Ever\'body  ^uptKtses  it  easy  to  lance  an  infant '0 
IS  or  divide^  with  a  pair  of  scissors,  the 
membrane  which  holrh*  down  the  tongue 
111- J  causes  what  is  called  ''ttmgne  tie,"  but 
there  are  blood-vessels  aronnd,  which  cannot 
)e  wonnded  without  danger.     Aunt  Margery 
Inrings  the  sweetest  of  her  nieces  to  deaths 
l.jor  \\v  trying  that  very-  oj^eration.    The  art 
y  is  so  mnch  a  matter  of  tact  and 
xtcrity,  that  even  some  profesBiooiaia 
practise  it  with  certain  im- 
I  its.    It  is  not  every  fnefol»6r  of 
Cuii^e  of  Surg^eons  wh^  ^v 

5  bandaiEre  with  the  requ 

iii-i-uinr  jx>wer 
!        .  '       The  late 
■      ■  ..'  tiuul:  .»f 
rhe  eiepiiant.    lis 
Imt  tlie  delicacy  of  h 
that  ho  citiild  lay  dutiuci  h^A^t 
objcv't.     IJut  wluM^e  is  thia  e^tn 
tion  of  manual  aptitude  to  be  fuiuK  t 
Brings  may  bo  very  clever  in 
Mr.  6rii     ■ 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


tluS    p0Wef    of    **    viiv»  •   lint    nf   wliAf     1|h^    hT^ 

ibow  Aoeomf)! 

»iiaioiziy,  aiitl  dex 
liii^Mie-kmfe,  thr 


^ery,  to  tht  i 
(together  witli 


It  sui 
little 


locomotivt 


Im  of  lamb! 

We  must  Dot^  however,  forget  that 
and  ettkeargencles   do    ooczuiioimlij    ooinir    in 
domolic  uie.  in  which  aome  knowledge  of 
m«diciiie  ana  surgexj  is  demnndtMl^  and  mjiy 
be  moot  efTectuAlfy  put  into  practlee.     Such 
are  the  occaeionfl  when  ^  a  little  knowledge  ** 
U  no<  **&  dangerou*   thing,^    for    we    maj 
thereby  mitigate    suffering,  and    even    save 
human  life.     The  line  of  demarcation,  how* 
ever,  mtiei  be  drawn  between  tboee  cases  which 
an  onprofeaBional  person  may  deal  with  **pro 
lent/*  and  those  which  it  would  be  dangeraua 
far  him  to  meddle  with  at  all.     "Thus  far 
sbalt  thou  go  anil  no  farthtir."     Every  good 
bouaewife  £ould  know  as  well  how  to  make 
a  poultioe  as  a  plum  pudding,  and  whether 
made  of  bread-and-water,  linseed-meal,  bran, 
veaat,  ti-eacle,  or  mustard,  she  should  bear 
in  mind  the  emphatic  words   of  Abemethy, 
"Poultices  are  either  bleflsin^  or  curses  as 
they  are  w«U  or  ill- made."    She  shouM  have 
some  knowledge  of  embrocation^  the  should  be 
learned  in  linimeDta  and  lotiona— hence,  with 
iuutfihom  and  oil,  opodeldoc,  soap-liniment,  and 
Goulard  Water,  her  acquaintance  should  be 
intimate.  She  should  be  able  to  droaa  a  blister, 
nut  on  leeches,  apply  poor  man's  platster, 
bttttflagw  A  apcain,  foment  chilblainfi,  put  on 
sticking  plaiater,  and  administer  other  harm- 
less Atyrytics,  includiog  burnt  and  intact  tag. 
She  might  also  be  allowed  to  dispense  simple 
nie<Ue*mea  Like  sennar-tea,  magnesia,  ihubarb, 
Epsom  salts  ;  but  we  should  strictly  prohibit 
her   ftvm   using  opiatea,  mercurial  prepara- 
tions, including  that  eternal  '"  hydrarg.*'  which 
DLppears  at  the  top  of  every  preliminary  pre- 
scription of  every  routine  practitioner,  beside 
iodine,  and  many  other  potent  remedies  which 
ma;  *  sly  miaapplie«l.  It  should  always 

hti  !  'l  that    Medicines  differ   from 

poi»o..    .....  iu  their  doaes,  in  other  words  idl 

medicine  is  poison  if  administered  ignorantly 
and  in  excess. 

For  advice  aud  instioiction  in  these  harm* 
lesii  helps  in  need,  the  Kltle  work  we  are  now 
cousideriiig  will  be  found  exceedingly  effica- 
cious. It  is  to  the  surgical  operations  it  re- 
eom mends  and  detoribes  that  the  force  of 
objection  U  greatest. 

The  practice  of  domestic  surgery,  ought 
to  be  eaoeedingly  limited.  The' idea  of 
**  Every  man  his  own  Surgeou,"  which  we  now 
eouteiid  against^  wo\Ud  be  curioualy  absurd, 
if  it  were  not  a  pix)blem  how  &r  uxy  man 


i'ki»iMh«j  (u  t^  (;aff«,t\«.  Ik  M 


^D 


-it- 


r€«rjtutely 

-1      v.^M,,! 


the 


iri^ty   be  trusted  to  desl  surgieUIy  with 

ri  frame.     Onr  own   opinion   ia,  tbi»t 

_ '  tiroate  agency  is  extremely  eont  rueted. 

a  all  conceivable  '*  Hint<i  vn  l^iei^itcsea^ 

li?tt  nature  are  entirely  thrown  away.     W< 

\  cijiifess  that  we  see  no  ol^ectif     ~ 

-^Jf-8urL'ical  oj^jeratiomi  in  which 

, '  re  or  len^ .'« 

i?y.    We 


hand,  he  mar  cat  his  own  corns ;  ai 

be  a  stoic  and  don*t  mind  ridicule,  oi 

mistaken  now  and  then  for  an  escaf>ed 

he  may  cut  his  own  hair;  but  wv*  i! 

emphatically   protest  against  hi^" 

own    broken    thigh,   or    diiawin 

teeth,  or  cupping  liimseli^  or  r 

fracture  of  his  own  arm  ;  or  a* 

ing  tetanus  instead  of  haatening 

feasional    Bui*geon,  and^  Ull   tlieu 

holding  hi*  jaw.     Gowper,   t>i.    i 

that  if  any  son  of  his  ever  n. 

and  flew  from  Eieter  to  Fu 

be  exceasively  an^ry  with  him 

motive  for  indignation  would  etist  from  pp^ 

cisely   the   game  cause   towards   any   person 

who  should  attempt  on  Ills  own  person  any 

of  the  surgical  feats  we  have  named. 

Amateur  surgeons  should  be  equally  chary 
of  their  advice    and    interference   with   the 
Itmbe  and  diseases  of  their  neigh ):»ours.    Th«y 
should  not  be    appointed    Surgeons   to  the 
household  without  a  regular  traJuing  ;  but  in 
some  stations    and    non-me«iical  professiot.^ 
that  training  is  necessary.     Cleigymen  livr 
in  remote  districts,  who  may  not  nave  even 
village  doctor  to  consult  in  a  case  of  en  i 
gency  ;  captains  on  board  ships,  who  may 
deprived    of  the  sendees    of    tL 
ofticers  ;  travellers  on  land,  espe< 
East :  intelligent  emigrants  t.i^-- 
into  a  thinly  popula^  ooloi. 
vided  with  certain  surgical 
such  articles  as  maybe  foi: 
stored  medicine  chest    T» 
must  enlarge  the  prescribed  boundary,  ami 
recommend    that   all    such    persons    should 
acquire  as    much    knowle<lge  of    household 
smqgery  and  medicine  as  they  i)Ofi*ibly  can ; 
there  is  no  secret  mystery  to  uu  ravel,   fur 
happily,  the  principles  of  medical  science  hav^ 
been  so  cleiu4y  elucidated  that   any  man  vf 
ordinary  intelligence  may,  with   Appiicaticin 
and  study,  soon  acquire  sufiicient  k bowled^ 
to  guide  him  on  his  way  to  alleviate  human 
sufiering,  and  restore  health  to  the  afflieiud. 
As  a  manual,  such  persona,  but  euch  only,  will 
find  *^  Household  Surgery  ;  or,  Hints  on  JSmer- 
genciea,"  very  usefiiL 


yov  rradjr,  /NnicM  &*.^^  nt^p  Smtmd  m  <7>a«ft, 

THE   FIRST   VOLUME 


HOUSEHOLD   WOBDa 


Ffluad  V  SKAMCfti  a  trM% 


Fumitiar  in  their  MoutU  tu  HOUSEHOLD  TF0i?i?5/'— auA^arroi. 


HOUSEHOLD    WORDS. 

A    WEEKLY   JOURNAL, 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


W^  28.] 


SATURDAY.  OCTOBER  12,  ISSil. 


[rntdx  2<L 


THE  «GOOD"  HTPPOPOTAMUS. 

I  OCR  c<>rrespandejit,  the  Eavcn  iii  the  Happy 

V  .v.,;k    ^T,-r,.,.6;(e(|[  in  thet<e  ffiigt^,  nut  loug  ag**, 

ijf  a   meeLiijf,'   Wiii^   l^^lJj   to 

1  J  f'Luninaiy     arittiigonieuts    for 

"    tjoi*  iin  «Mjue»trian  sttatue  U>  the  Hiiipo- 

I'  ''.*(jui8.     We   nxe   happy  to   havo   received 

**<*iiio  excliLsive  inWiimUon  on  tliis  intereeting 

iiiil»jt'Cl,  ami  to  Ini  autliorised  to  lay  it  belore 

It  appears  that  Mr.  Hambt  Safi  Cankana, 

leArnbr:':  ■-■-•'' ,.  i...  ^„i.- ,.,,  ^........^....^ 

1  mna  Ut  thrtt  ilis- 

1  VMET   SaFI    CaJJ- 

(who  la  remarkable  lor  c^uidoiir)  ha« 

iiatcd  to  HAvthat,  but  for  his  accidentttl 

connexion  with  H.  R.  H^  he  Mil  Cak- 

would  00  douht  have  remained  to  the 

nd  of  hi3  duyj*  oaohsc'ure  intUvidualf  perfectly 

kiioVp-Ti  to  fimie,  and  pogs*<."ssiDo^  no  ftort  of 

Inim  ori  the pi'iV'       "'    -ioiu   H.  It.  H Jiaviiig 

en  the  uif;  iDf;  Mr.  C.vknana's 

(t*   iri«'*    T,i  ,,    ^,_veral    oqcj> -'■'•■>'■---.    '^"d 

t  .  Ca«xaj;a  vuil 

.11^   into    the   i:       .    ^       > 

Ai^^.iAA  haa  felt  hlui-sclf  under  a  del)t 

ude  to  H.  B.  H^  requirini,'  some  public 

ovIiHlffmeiit  and  return,    Mr,  Canxana, 

iiiui'li  (^^i  iijsideration,  has  \*een  able  to 

uni,  at  once  so  uutonous  and 

luonunjciit  to  H.  1\,  H^  to  be 

Hi    Mj'    7^1-         r  Tse.     "We  cannot 

'ly  sti»<  vNANA  founded 

lea  on  oi:  '  '^  .,,-,,-,-^t l,.*-.^ 

deed,  W' 

il^tecl    ii  _  ^ 

'lij>p»jai'»»d — bu  I  1 1  is  not  ciaiaiing 

mch   for   the  of  our   Con-e- 

ml  to  hope  that  it  may  have  confirmed 

f.C*AX!f AXA  in  a  very  nohhs,  a  vary  aeiiBible, 

\  iinder(^akin«. 

to  record  Ha  history,  as  fiu*  as 

Bah   Cahkaka,  having  con- 


itnurtivply  diating^iijjhcd  iii  the  | 
of    that   .MonuuieuUv  AiW 
id  profound  cogi 


Caxnana  was  suddenly  inspired  vrith  tbo^ 
wonderful  thought  of  calling  him  the  "  Ge>od"" 
HipiKJpoLaiiiua  ! 

This  y,  30  obviouMlv  :in  iii.m .ir.itum, — a  fancy- 
resen'ed,  through  ages  of  the 

world,  for  thk  ejttr  in, — thatW6 

have  l»een  at  some  judiuj  to  ivnct  it,  if  possible, 
to  its  source.  But,  as  usually  happens  in 
such  cases,  Mb.  CAiiNANA  can  give  no  account 
of  tlio  process  by  which  he  arrived  at  the 
result.  Mr.  Caxwana's  description  of  him- 
»j*ilf^  rondi'ted  into  En^rliiih,  would  be,  that  h? 
waa  "  bothered  f  that  he  liad  thouffht  of  a 
iiun»l»er  of  adjeeti\'t^  as,  the  oily  Hippopo- 
t^LUiUS,  tlie  bland  Hippo jxjtamus,  the  liMhiiKf 
Hippj>potanius,  the  expeUBive  Hij  >, 

the  v:uiant  Hip|>opotaTuuH,  the  si'  .;  ;  /j* 
pot^uus,  when,  in  a  moment,  tm  it  wei-e  in  the^ 
space  of  u  thkih  of  lightning,  he  found  he  had 
written  down,  \\'ithout  knowing  why  or  where- 
fore, and  without  being  at  aU  able  to  account 
for  it,  thc»se  enduring  words,  the  *'G<'od"^ 
H  ippopotarana. 

Having  got  the  phrase  down,  in  blaeic  and 
wliite,  for  speedy  xjublication,  the  nes.t  stqr 
waa  to  explain  it  to  an  unimaginative  public. 
This  nrocess,  Mb.  Can.s'a>-a  ciiu  deafiiVie. 
He  relates,  that  when  he  came  t«  consider  the 
vast  quantities  of  milk  of  which  thcHippopo- 
tamuH  paitookj  his  amazing  consumption  or 
meal,  ids  unctuous  appetite  for  date.*,  his 
jog-trot  manner  of  going,  his  majestic  power 
of  sleep,  he  felt  that  all  these  qualities  jK»inted 
him  out  emphatically,  as  the  "  Good  "  Hippo- 
potamus. He  never  howL^,  like  the  Hyena  ; 
he  never  roared,  like  the  Lion  ;  he  never 
scix*eohcd,  lllce  the  Parrot ;  he  never  dajmiged 
the  topa  of  high  trees,  like  the  Oii'ftffo ;  he 
never  put  a  trunk  in  people's  way,  hke  the 
Elephant ;  he  never  hugged  anyb<Mfv,  like  the 
Bear ;  he  never  projected  a  forked  tongue, 
Uke  the  Serpent.  He  was  an  ensv,  basking, 
jolly,  Blow,  moffenFive,  eating  and  drinking 
Hippi»potanms.  Therefore  he  waa,  supremely, 
the  '*  iluod  "  Hippopotamus. 

Wheu  ilEU  Caknaita  obeerved  the  Bubject 

from  a  closer  y)oiiit  of  view,  he  bcg.an  to  tind 

\h',i  ir   fi  H.  was  not  only  the  "  Good,"  but 

Uu*  to  the  whole  human  race.    He 

>t,  neither  did  he  spin,  truly — but  lie 

bathed  in  cool  water  when  the  weather  was 

^tflept  when  he  came  out  of  the  bath  ; 

thed  and  slept,  serenely,  for  \h» 


H       fio 


HOUSEHOLD  WOKDS. 


public  gratLCcaUon.  People,  of  oil  ageiB  and 
conditioiia,  nishetl  to  see  him  batoCf  and 
ilppp,  And  fe«d  ;  and  H.  R.  H.  had  no  ob- 
jection. Aa  H.  R.  H.  lay  luxuriously  winking 
ftt  the  striving^  public,  one  "wami  aumrner 
fby,  Mr.  Camnana  diBtinetly  perceived  that 
the  whole  of  11.  E.  H.'r  time  and  energy  waa 
^.evi^ted  to  the  Ber\neo  of  that  public,  Mb. 
Casotana's  eye,  wandeniig  rrtiind  tho  ludl, 
and  observing,  there  assembled,  a  number  of 
persons  labouring  under  the  terrible  disorder 
of  having  nothing  particular  to  do,  and  too 
much  time  to  do  it  in,  moistened,  as  he  reflected 
that  the  whole  of  H.  R  H.'b  life,  m  giving 
thein  some  temporary  excitement,  wan  an  aet 
of  charity  ;  was  "  devoted  "  (Mr.  CAJfNAH a 
has  since  printed  these  w^ords)  "  to  tlie  pro- 
tection ana  aflfectionate  care  of  the  sick  and 
the  aJflicted,"  He  perceived,  upon  the  instimt, 
that  H.  li  H.  was  a  Hippopottmus  of  "unsnr- 
pussed  worth,"  and  he  drew  up  an  advettUe- 
ment  so  describing  him. 

Mb,  CAinf  ana,  having  brought  hLs  project 
ifaufl  far  on  ita  road  to  posterity,  without 
BtiimbHng  over  any  ohatacle  in  the  way,  now 
wnaidere^l  it  eipedient  to  impart  the'  great 
design    to    some    other   person    or    pers- 
who  would  go  hand  in  hand  with  liiin.     > 
ooneluded   (having  some  knowledge  of  lu- 
world)  that    those   who    had    lifUMl   them- 
aelves  into  any  deiree  of  notoriety  bv  nnniis; 
of  H.  R.  H.,  would  be  tlie  mo«t  Ukefv  ( ' 
A8  l^ist  knowing  him)  to  posResa  alcii' 
of  hiii  unaurpnssed  worth.     It  is  an  instance 
of  Mr  Caknana'is  sagacity,  that  he  communl- 
cate^l  Tvith   the  Milkman  who  Biipi>lie8  the 
Zoological  Gardens, 

The  Milkman  imci*^       '         it   down   his 
name  for  ten  pounds,  L  i-  five  pounds, 

and  each  of  their  twin  l  luim  -  ti  iur  two  ttoujids 
ten.  He  added,  in  a  spirited  h*ttcr,  addressed 
to  Mr,  Cajtwajia,  and  a  copy  of  which  i«  now 
before  us,  **  You  may  rely  on  iny  assistance  in 
any  way,  or  in  every  way,  that  may  be  nseful 
to  your  patriotic  project,  of  erecting  a  Monu- 
ment to  the  *  Good '  Hit>i>opotamiifl.  We 
have  not  Monuments  enough.  We  want  more. 
H,  R.  H.'a  conBumf»tion  of  milk  has  far  ex- 
ceeded, from  the  firat  moment  of  liis  nn- 
weaiied  devotion  of  himself  to  the  happiness 
of  Mankind,  any  aniinara  with  which  I  am 
aoqiiaintCfl ;  aud  that  nature  muat  be  biifie 
inmHHl,  that  would  not  vibrate  to  your 
nppcaL*'  Emboldened  by  this  sympathy, 
Mn.  C-'asnajta  next  addrtBaeil  liimself  to 
thtj  Mcalman,  who  replied,  "This  is  aa  it 
shouKl  be,^'  and  enclo8e<l  a  aubscriptiuu  of 
tevcn  i^ounda  ten — with  a  r^xiuest  that  it 
might  be  stated  in  the  published  list  that  the 
number  of  hia  house  was  ojfE  hundrkd  and 
^BVESTr-ForR  B,  at  the  right-hand  comer  of 
Higli  Street  an«l  Blue  Lion  Street,  and  that 
It  hud  no  connexion  with  any  feimilra*  eetah* 
JjBinn.  tv»w  ;,.  <1h  same  neighbtrtu'hood,  which 
l\  na. 

\  now  proeeeded  to  form  a 
Committee,    The  MHkman  and  the  Meal  man 


both  consented  to  »cr\'e.  Also  the  tv. 
men  usually  on  duty  {und«r  Mb,  f 
UMapicjes),   in  H.  R.  H'a  den  ; 
Maney-t«ker  at  the  gardens  ;  tli' 
early  in  the  acaaon,  wan  apmimi-ti 
Cannan'a)  to  a  jK»st  on  H.  R,  H'a 
ar»d  all  the  artilicer;^  empl<iycil    '    • 
Cannana's  directions),   in    coi 
exiating  accommodation  for  TI 
dedication  of  hia  life  and  n 
tion  of  the  afllictwl  Still,  M' 
it  neceasary  to  hia  project  to  luiit^ 
aolid    plialanx    all   the  leading    pr 
keepers  of  Show  Aniniala  in  ami 
and  this  extensive  enteii>rise  L 
pursued,    by    circular^letter    fi 
Safi   Casnasa,  getting  forth 
and    intlispcnflable    necessity   c*[ 
permanent  monument  in  lionour  of  t 
Hippopciitamua,   which,  while   it    Vi. 
record  of  gratitude  for  hia  aelf-sacrifi 
canae  of  charity,  ahall  serve  ns  a  ^n 
example  to  all  who  wiah  to  become  the  bcsb^ 
factora  of  mankind." 

Tlie  response  to  this  letter,  v  -i«tJ 

gratifvin^  nature.     Mr,  Womtv  iiK«rt| 

'  ■■'         i  iTuittee  ;  all  ^ ' 
il,  enroUr 
111.'   ;  the  exhil 
>\  forward  with 

i  "  Punch's    OjM .  .    -        . 

.'^    doga   in    Europe,"'    becnmc 
man;  and   th»j  hoai-se   L'«M.t(,;.tiiitaj 
who  trains  the  birds  to  t\\n\y  lud 

the  white  mice  to  climb  the  ti',:*  I  jn 

up  ladders,  gave  in  his  ad! 
that  d  id  dpal  honour  to  1 
Tlie  Italian  Ixvya  were  once  thtu^ijt  i>t,  iji 
theae  Mil.  Cannana  rejected  as  low ;  for 
Mfu  Ca>'n.\%    '  fadings  are  chajuct 

b>*  a  delicai 

The  Conu. ......  .iainj,'  been   thiw 

tuted,  and   being  reinforced  by  the  pxil 
to  the  different  anini:il$  (whi*  are  ohe* 
to  be    very    strong    in    the    caitse)    held 
meeting  of  their  body,  at  whidi  Mil  Ca*- 
yjkjsx  explained    hia    gencivil    \'i«jWa. 
Cajtnana  said,  that  he  had  propoflcd  kft 
varioua  keepers  of  Show  AiunMila  tl 
Bent,  to  form  themselves  into  that   i 
the  erection  of  a  Moi  '  "    --,--*-     '  ,,j 

Hip]  K'pota^tie,  been  1!  vi- 

dual  i."ii..ii'-ifa  it  aj"j.M_....  *''- 

cau&e  tual  of  "m 

was,  ill         .         common 
Animals.     There  vnui  o(no  point  of  virw  (Mr. 
CAN>'Ai?A  anid)  in  whieli  the  design  ibey  Iiad 
met  to  adv;mc»',  appeared  to  him  to  be  ex- 
ceedingly imiiortant.   Some  Show  Animals  hid 
not  done  well  of  late.     Pathetic  appeals  hail 
been  made  to  the  I^iblic  on  their  behalf;  but 
the  Public  had  appeared  a  little  to  mistiiiat  th« 
Aniinrds — ^h}\  lie  could  not  imagine — and 
their  !'"''''    I'l  not  bear  tV  ■''   v  -    -^ -ti   fo 
their  <  v,  wliicii  ted. 

Now,  li  ..  thev,  the  1.  .........  _^  of 

those  Show  Animal,  about,  one  and  all,  to 


TIIE  IRISH  USE  OF  THE  GLOBE. 


51 


the  Public  on  the  subject  of  the 
'  Good  *•  fl'yyf  *  ■  -  If  they  took  the 
>1U1  grotmd  t   to  take  ;  if  tbcy 

'  In  telliiv,  •  ■  Tublic  without  any 
mg  that  hft  was  a  creature  "of  mi- 
sed  worth/*  that  '*hls  whole  Ufa  was 
Icvoted  to  the  protection  ami  affectionate 
9st*i  of  the  oick  and  the  afflicted  ;'*  that  his 
gel  f  '  tod  the  rmbli c  adiuinition 

^m\   .  .  i  th:it  he  was   "a  ^lide 

and  ejCLin^ile  to  all  who  wished  to  become  the 
benefa<:'toi>*  of  Mankind  -."—if  they  did  this, 
. !  if.  he  Mr.  Caunan'a  sai<l,  vma,  that  the 
iUc  would  judce  of  their  representations 
K<\  liieir  Show  Animals  generally,  by  the  self- 
n'ident  nfitnre  of  these  statementa;  and  their 
low  Aniroals,  whatever  thev  had  been  in 
past,  could  not  fail  to  be  handsomely 
[eupporte*!  l/y  the  Public  in  future,  and  to 
^n  their  utmost  confi^Ience. 

Tliis  position  wa.H  universally  applauded^ 

)iit  it  wu  I  o  still  plainer  terms,  by 

6tra  d     pentlenian    with    the 

lioarse  voic<-  ww  ir         ''     '  "rd  and  mice, 

''  In  short "  i>?»i«11  ■  man,  ad^lreaaing 

.,    <'ivv»vXj    -'it    >,      .^:.^s  ont   this  here 

Public  will  know  in  a  miunte 

ft  a  morael  of  Humbug  about 

Mm,  CAJorA3fA  replied,  with  earnestnesa, 
Exiictly   Eo  !     My   houoTirable  friend   haa 
itatf'd  precisely  wh.nt  I  mean  !  '* 

11  *  1  of  the  caao  was  much 

ipji  greatest  satiBfaction 

t.lr  i;i>pany. 

It    ^  .^H'sted  by  the  Secretary, 

[i^  A!  I    ♦!,..»   ..r.,.-.r.<,i  thouaand 

uta  (with  ft 

I  shortly  call 

ut  to  be  immediately 

:    Sati   CANKA5A,  ad- 

d,  &ud  pOttteJ,   This  work,  Mr,  Cannaka 

>k  to  sniM^nntenj],  and  we  underatand 

Inland  of  these  letters  have 

The  gentleman  in  wait- 

%  Sloth  (who  is  of  an 

4  of  opinion  that  the 

[y  vote  subscriptions 

from   the   fuuda  of 

!tments :    conBidering 

"Im    did    not   belong 

importance   to   the 

election  of  a  MwuumeuL  to  tne  **Good"  Hip- 

reaolvefi   to  defer 

fueling   on    the 

!  an  opj'ortunity 

haa  yet  raachcd^  is  the 

t  Jixk1  "  Hip- 

imllcd,  we 

it  haa 

id,  in 

ImIVsIv 


THE  miSH  USE  OF  THE  GLOBE, 

OsGS  Oil  a  snltr}'  auinmer  s  day  a  tmrelkr 
halted  for  rest  in  a  thick  wood,  beaide  a 
mountain  etream.  Delighting  in  tne  grateful 
shade  and  hilled  by  the  cool  ripple  of  the 
water  at  hia  feet,  he  then  conai Jerod  hiniaelf 
happy  among  mortals,  "  Vain  world,"  he 
said,  "  Iiave  I  at  hist  C8ca|3<}d  you  ?  Men,  buay 
gnats,  who  would  l>e  eagles  in  your  flijfht, 
have  1  your  hum  no  longer  in  my  ears  ?  The 
gossip  of  the  rivulet*  the  whisper  of  the  wood, 
replace  the  criea  of  paaaiou  anil  the  htjjvrt- 
gikting  jest.  Here  ia  water  ;  were  there  hread- 
miit  on  a  single  tree,  here  I  would  lie  down 
and  live  ;  here  I  would  live  in  j>etM3e,  and  toil 
no  raoTC." 

A  troubled  sigh,  more  human  than  the  aigh 
of  wind  among  the  fohage,  disturbed  the  txar 
vetler,  *'  Be  thankfiU  to  your  guardian  angel," 
articulated  the  same  voice,  "  be  thankiiil  to 
your  Ck>d,  young  stranger,  that  in  this  forest 
you  have  not  escaped  the  sound  of  a  man 
B[jeaking.^  The  traveller  yawned  restlessly, 
and  felt  within  himself  by  no  meana  thankful. 

The  person  who  h(ul*  interrupted  hia  en- 
joyment was  a  hermit  of  the  mountain,  not 
yet  old.  He  said,  "Will  you  come  with  me  1 " 

**  Why,  really" —  answered  the  traveller. 

"  I  have  a  sight  to  show  that  you  will  long 
remember," 

"A  sight!"  said  the  young  man;  "but 
I  assure  you  I  have  aeon  so  many  exliibitious 
and  things  of  that  sortr— Venice,  the  Cos- 
monmia,  the  Industrioua  Eleas,  the  Pope,  the 
Eruption  of  Vesuvius,  Tom  Thumb,  Simplon, 
Jenny  Lind,  that  really'' — 

"  What  I  will  show  you  ia  a  thing  that  you 
have  not  yet  seen." 

"  O  yea.  some  relic — some  skull,  or  a  aauit's 
finger  nail ;  I  assure  you,  my  dear  fellow,  I 
have  seen  torm  of  relics." 

"  Still  I  will  show  you  something  that  you 
have  not  seen  in  all  your  travelling. ' 

"  Wmt  ia  it  then  r' 

"Tlie  World." 

"The—what?"  ejaculated  the  traveller, 
with  a  slow  elevation  of  Ids  eyebrows.  *•  The 
world  1  Well,  now,  that  is  particidarly  cool 
No,  no ;  it  won^t  do ;  you  can't  show  me  uny 
up  or  down,  in  or  out,  comer  or  square  acre 
of  the  world  I  have  not  already  seen.  From 
the  Cider  Cellars  in  London  to  High  Mass  in 
Smnt  Peter's  at  Bome  I  am  equidTy  at  home. 
All  over  Europe  I  am  as  familiar  with  Welch 
rabbits  as  usith  Lachrymffi  Chriati.  Nf»,  no. 
I  know  the  world  quite  well  enough  already." 

"  You  do  not ;  como  along  with  m<i," 

"I'll  tell  you  wlmt,"  said  the  traveller, 
holding  out  his  op«n  hand;  "I'll  lay  you  a 
new  liat  that  you  can  show  me  nothing  new. 
Is  it  a  bargain  i  Done  then.   So  como  along." 

Aa  they  went  up  the  mount«dn  aide  tn« 
young  man  chattered  idly, 

"Why  do  you  talk  thn-^  ^< 

JueT*  asked  the  hcuuit.    '  -u 


UOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


rCdbtecuAlf 


I 


speaking  onty  to  youi*aelf,  your  words  were 
earnest,  thouoU  they  were  i>ot  true ;  why  «lo 
you  Bpoak  diderently  to  a  fellow-creature  I" 

**  Fellow  creatm*e  !  ha  !  ha !  What  a  way 
to  tjJk  to  a  gentleman  t"  exclaimed  the  tra- 
vell^jr.  "  I  soe  h>>vf  it  ii,  I  *m  in  for  a  sorriion.** 
He  Bftoppod  suddenly.  "80,  out  with  it  at 
onct'— '^ud'len  death  is  my  motto.  I  hate 
lingeriiit:  agouy.    Where 's  your  text  t " 

The  hermit' waa  dlent.  They  continued 
to  climb  tlie  ffteep. 

'*  You  talk  of  teaching  me  to  know  the 
world  1 "  continued  the  traveller,  **  Why 
you  don't  know  even  the  rudiments  of  educi- 
tion  in  it  We  don't  have  our  hearts  given 
U8  to  keep  them  In  our  pockets,  and  bring 
out  ou  all  occnaiotiii  j  they  ai*e  [«u.ked  up  out 
of  sight  in  a  houy  ca«e,  not  to  be  come  at 
L-jwily-  You,  for  exau)|ile,  look  aa  dij  and 
harmh?5»  iw*  a  dead  leat ;  and  I  might  take 
you  and  talk  to  you  fts  ijart  and  imrcel  of  the 
woodljvnd  «cener}%  a  log  of  it,  I  nia)'  &ay — ^a 
piece  of  lupium  vitfv ;  or  perhmw  a  male 
nymph  ;  if  I  stopped  here  as  1  wished  to  do,  I 
might  tidk  ray  heart  out  to  you,  and  we  micrht 
be  very  iober  upon  brookwater:  by  the  by, 
do   vou   drink  that,  and  doea    it  give  you 

ffou?€  r 

The  hermit  paused  before  an  overhang^ing 
rock.  A  rude  pon^.h  oversown  with  pa^ion- 
flowers  Bheltered  the  entrauee  to  a  cave,  and 
under  thia  there  was  a  stone  l>ench  placed. 
The  traveller  aai  down. 

"Now,  hoHpitable frjeurl,"  he  said,  '*  can  you 
refresh  a  pilgi-ira  with  some  bermit*^  fare  ? 
Pnxluco  your  pumpkins." 

**  Presently.  But  thia  ia  not  my  home. 
First  kt  us  " — 

"  Oh  !  T)y  all  means ;  first  let  ua  see  the 
curioaitiea.  This,  I  auppoae,  in  your  rauaeum," 

The  hermit  with  a  grave  look  piiaacd  into 
the  cave,  and  his  companion  followed.  Within 
the  cave  there  waa  a  dim  light  and  an  earthy 
ftniell  ;  across  one  part  of  it  there  hung  "a 
curtairi  beaide  which  the  hermit  8t^. 
"  Wltiit  you  are  now  about  to  isee  "—  he 
Raid. 

The  young  man  interrupted  him.  "Tliia 
really  is  too  bad.  I  euppoHe  yon  've  got  there 
thirty  miles  of  Nile  or  MitwisMippi,  rolled  up 
in  a  few  vania  of  paint  and  canviis.  I  niight 
aa  well  liave  8tepped  in  out  of  Piecadilty. 
Spare  the  lecture.  Draw  the  ciirtain.  Well, 
what  *8  here  ?  A  globe  ?  Pooli,  man,  I 
learnwl  the  globea  at  school.  Odd,  tliough, 
certainly."  And  the  young  man  approached 
the  apectacle  quite  silently.  It  was  a  simple 
globe,  revolving  slowly,  without  \'i8ib!c  aujv 
port,  suapende«r  in  the  air,  aud  all  ai'ound  it 
the  air  glittered  with  a  «tran|/e,  inexpUcable 
mist.  The  mist  spread  mpidly  throughout 
the  cave,  enveloping  the  hermit  and  the 
traveller  ;  but  tlj rough  it  the  revohnng  glcAyo 
atjpeared  to  shine  with  new  disttoctness. 
The  traveller  had  4ome  fear  to  conceal,  for  it 
appeared  to  him  that  on  that  Uttle  orb  the 
land  waa  land,  the  rockji  were  rocks,  the  seas 


■ife. 


were  seasj  although  incj^m J ^: 
The  glitter  of  the  Uttlo  i-c  . 
but  as  he  gazed  ou  any  spot  it  ^/'.ns. 
eye  was  lijte<l  with    terror.      Waves 
under  it.      He  knew  no    1  '      '    ♦h* 

cavern,  or  the  henuit,  or  t  ]  : ; 

there   were  but  two  thiiiu^^   1  ^xii 

mind,  himself   and  the  gn-at  p  ^tt 

underneath  u  liot  bright  sun,      \  dh 

spread  sails  floated  by  so  close  before  lom, 
that  he  drew  hack  Huddenly  aa  if  to  i!tnnd  iytu 
of  ita  j»ath.     Sailors  were  in  it,  <  -i  n^ 

with  \m  wife  ;  their  child,  a  blu<  .  u- 

headeii  little  man  of  five  years*  oM,  wils  j-by- 
ing  at  the  stern,  and  dabbji'd  with  his  roar 
lingers  in  the  water.  Suddeidy  he  logt  hia 
balance,  tliere  wiui  a  aphuih,  a  cry— anotlier 
chf',  the  mothor'a — ^rmd  the  falljrv  •  -i  '  ••^it.j 
the  »ea  to  twive  him.     Our  tr.i  Tt* 

forward  with  a  Ix^ating  hcjurt,  t  An 

vainly  ;  he  will  leap  in  to  the  r  .m 

unknown  jjower  bindB  him»  as  it; 

and  he  stands  motionless,  awl  an  1  !ii« 

eyes  away.     When  next  he  look  .  m 

ocean,  but  the  little  globe  rcvoivui^  m  vti 
uiiat. 

•'How  it  glisten* — glares  at  us.  It  ia  Mi 
much  :  drop  the  curtam,  hermit  !  " 

The  hemiit  draws  the  ciniain.  "'"^  !  '^'-*  -"^ 
togf^ther  in  the  cj»ve  again.  *'I  hu  * 

wild  grapea  in  the  wood,  and  m  i   . 

vLsioa,"  said  the  tnivi-ller,  **  or  werti  yuu 
pLiyiug  tricks  with  other  vapt»ur  ?  Pooh, 
fj-ieud  !  I  have  breathed  elitorofumi  a  doMO 
times ;  I  am  not  to  be  cheated  with  inert 
dniggery." 

'^  Shall  I  cxpUin  ?  '*  asked  the  htmSt 

"  Ceitainly — confeae." 

*''When  1  wua  a  young  mau,**  ttud  thd 
hermit,  **inilolent  and  caieleas,  I  soon  thooghl 
that  I  had  seen  the  world.  All  its  excite* 
ments  were  run  through,  and  1  felt  wearied » 
I  waa  what  the  French  pronounce  &fieui,  just 
as  you  ,'vre  now." 

"  Just  as  I  am.  Yes,  vety  good.  A  strong 
compariacm,*' 

"  And  so  I  said  to  my.sclf,  *  I  w 
world.  For  all  pui'poscs  of  ami 
a  failure.*" 

"For  all  pmnio»e«  of  amusement  H  ^if] 
failure  ! "  echoctl  the  traveller. 

**  I  h.ad  read  :ill  the  novels  "  (the  : 
groanetl),  "seen  all  the  exhibitions, kiu  ..     .^.. 
were  the  etock-themes  in  tint  newspajiera,  wsMk 
1  thii-sted  after  eomctliing  new.** 

"And  thirsting  v.'didy,'^  said  the  traveller, 
"  vou  shrivelled  up  into  the  dry  thinif  I  now 
behold." 

"  PiuYlon  me,"  said  the  hermit,  **  I  did  nai 
tliii-gt  vainly.  I  Ijetook  myself  to  antiquitiea, 
there  found  the  novelty  I  reqiiiretl  in  studying 
black  letter.  I  bought  books  of  magic,  and 
became  "^ — 

"  Upon  my  won!,  I  honour  you,''  the  tra- 
veller once  more  interrupted.  ''  You  f^^ll  back 
noon  the  forgotten  wigaom  of  our  ance^ora. 
Wore  a  white  waistcoat,  did  you  not  I     Yoa 


■rvt't**  wrtwi  t 


TJli:  IBISH  rSE  OF  THE  GLOBR 


c^ 


nfU 


ir^it    m    the    DUraeU-Stnyth- 

1,    and    c&mc    out    u    Yuuug 

I  learned  tke  secret 
•  It 

<if  luk,  the  Httltf  Iwy,  tlie 
I   fodee,  tho    Bultari   hi  his 


tnricof  ttblot  of  inkr' 

f  which  sec"— con- 
-"  neither  the  cabala, 
volume  of  antiquity, 

lilot  of  ijik.     It 

■'.^  if  iO» prove ment«. 
ter  uow  til  an  it  was 
1.    I  \l  back  Dobler 

hermit,  "  is  simply 

ver  part  you  gaze 

your   eyea,  fLtid  you 

[>e   hiding  place  in 

it.    The  conaition  of 

,   tliAt  1  must  abi«Je   hy  my 

the  worU;   the  si>ell   would 

f«r.    Wclir*— 

le  hither,  put  tn^*  globe  where 

t,  fiixeil  my  htmnitage  dose  by. 

^1" 


■    •  1 

ti^aveller.    1  studir 
now  the  world, 

' 

;ind  things  in  it 

V  sccluijiou,  and 

r  of  my  feHows; 

' '   reUiina  me. 

est  speak- 

luve  ;   speech, 

Hiiinced ;  to  me 

^..i  toy,  and  lam 

miflcnble." 

**  A  ^^ « *rsft  V'-tiA 

Mi  for  misr-nr  I  never  heard," 

"As  for  your 

a  sort  of  Ulua- 

understand  the 

!,  and  this  time 

en  the  i*<Aui  of 

i  an  exliibiting 

i'«L        i  • 

"    '  let  tia  lK»th 

look  nt  V 

11  show  me 

Mac  of  ( • 

m 

__^^^«w  fleifiho  ! " 

Ql^e  tnv 

y^n 

Htariitalcyusiy  :  the 

te'^ 

•isi  Ol 

.  and 

^B^« 

^kd    tlio    .';ia 

:      niijvvl',. 

*U  tho    picture! 

^0r  and  f»i1^i^ 

t}x^'   trnv 

"^'Il'T,  with  some  im- 

■Bnt" 

•je  ground, 

ft  1 

'  watttc.     I  have 

Yea,  now  you  stop,  I  see  \*  I 
Pkddies    iknd    pig^  more    tL. 


children,  a  mud  hut  with  a  hole  for  a'  door 
and  a  hole  for  a  window,  and  one  room  inside 
for  the  pig-3ty,  parlour,  bedroomii,  <lrowing- 
room,  and  kitchen.  My  tlear  f.dlow,  that  la 
b'ehutd,  oD«  of  the  most  hackney al  and  tire- 
some of  idl  suhjectB,  Aa  an  MJ:*.,  I  liavo 
read  blue-booka  for  a  new  excitement ;  read 
Lord  Devon's  Conmiiaiiou,  lieard  cverlaatiDL' 
speeches,  sp^^keu  myself,  know  facts  and 
%urt'S,  Oh,  it  *a  too  bad  ;  indeed  it  ig  !  I 
know,  out  of  speeches  in  parliament,  precisely 
what  tlmt  hut  contains.  A  kettle  (that  *s  to 
boil  potatoea  in),  just  a  few  plates,  a  heap  of 
straw  and  a  bench." 

"  You  know  that  ?"  aaid  the  hermit. 

"  To  be  aiuro  1  do.  Here  are  statLstica  for 
you,  from  Sir  Robert  Peers  sjieech  on  the 
Irish  ftunine.  In  these  mud  cabins,  or  mud 
aheds,  w!  ^  ond  room  ; — pl.-icea  unfit  for 

human  1  ;md  which  rather  compro- 

mised thi,-  I  iiiu,nL<-r  of  pigs,  who  liap[iened  to 
be  joint  tenants — there  lived  forty-st*ven  per 
cent,  of  the  inhabitants  of  Donegal,  ditto  of 
Leitrim  and  Itosoommon;  fifty  per  cent,  of 
Sligo  men,  and  fifty-two  of  Galwav  ;  tifty-tive 
per  cent,  of  Limerick  folka,  and  ^fty-six  per 
cent,  of  Cork  and  Claro  ;  sixty-two  per  cent, 
of  the  inhabitants  of  Mayo,  and  aixty-aix  per 
cent,  of  the  inliabitants  ot*  Kerry." 

**  You  know  that  1"  »aid  the  hermit. 

"  To  be  sin-ii  I  do.  And  glad  enough  the 
people  are  to  have  even  these  mud  huts,  and 
chance  enough  there  is  of  an  eviction  even 
d'orn  them.  Filty  thousand  families  were 
turned  out  of  such  homes  in  1849,  imable  to 
pay  rent." 

"  The  liUle  rent  that  it  must  be  ! " 

"Tlie  little  rent !  You  undertake  to  t«ll 
rae  of  the  world.  Why,  my  good  niau,  the 
people  bid  against  each  other  reckJe&sly  to 
get  a  holding.  If  they  get  a  bit  of  gi*onnd 
and  plant  potatoes,  they  can  eat  them.  If  they 
have  no  land,  they  can  have  no  potatoes,  and 
they  cannot  eat.  Men  are  known  to  have  bid 
six  tim^  more  for  a  small  bit  of  land  than 
tlie  amount  that  could  be  got  fi"om  it  by  the 
most  skilful  miinagement.  See  Mill*a  Poli- 
tical Economy,  0  pooh,  why  I  am  teaching 
^tt  the  worlcL" 

*'  They  cannot  pay  this  rent  7  " 

**  Pay  it !  They  pay  all  their  surplus,  and 
they  owe  the  reA,  and  are  of  course  always 
Uable  to  eviction.  If  a  windfidl  cornea,  it  pays 
arrears  of  rent.  Nothing  can  better  them,  so 
they  are  reckless,  and  we  laugh  at  them  for 
their  improvidence." 

"  \Vliy  do  they  bid  so  recklessly  7" 

**  Six  hungry  mouths  are  offering  ag^nst 
each  othermmiue  prices  for  a  platcml  of 
pot&toeo." 

"But  are  they  not  hot-blooded  reckleai 
Celts,  do  you  not  think  ?  ** 

"Ah,  you  mean  satire,  but  I'll  answer 

pkinly.  Facta,  history,  are  all  clear  against  the 

' '  — '-   f  an  inherent  perverscness  in  the  Irish 

I'iie   Edinburgh    Review,  Jan.   1850, 

.v.c...  .  ju,  my  dear  ftUow,  to  wltneaaw  feoni 


54 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


itll  '>'"  '"^— ''*«?,  examixied  before  the  r '^•^- 
Httt.i  ttee.    Mr,  PemWrton  ftii 

lir}  a  _  :  :»t  tb*    BUCCCM    of  Iruihiii; 

Cttmda.  Mr.  Perley  nmaaks  for  th«ni  iu  New 
BinuMwick«  Ti»  N^ovn  S^^itiathurnrrT  vouched 
for  by  Mr.  V  n  the 

Mr 

<8  f'jr  them  ta  the 
;u *,».--■•  ►-M.«vv.-,  <^,«i.M.  V,  ajid  Ai]»iiidia  ; — they 
gft  to  nKmra&d  to  grumble  quite  oji  readily 
:iA  A  n  (rJci-Sar  o  1 1  k  *' 

i  "  i\vs  hermit  loid. 
'ii»i(i  by  luikiBi^  whether  I 
kni*w  diiit  {    i  iuiow  it  and  ta%y  it.  Tlic  fervid 
cluixacti'r  of  the  Irinh  makes  trR*m  &«  a{>t  for 
hope  Afl  for  dcBfjotr  ;  iu  their  mud  cabhis  the 
hAve   uever  rec^'ived   Hope    for    gut^8t ; 
Dercr  eoid  ft  grace  to  the  [K}tatrjea.    The  Irish 
charftcttt-kMiiot  Annoll  reeembl&nce  to  the 


.^^,...^^  tUii 


bey 


the 


'^rceiu;  luidwhf^n 
rrefamditiajnir 

for  iiotl 

th&t     tr 


I 


"Pftf^on  me,**  wud  tlw  hermit,  •'I  reqieot 
DMtiifiw  I  only  wonder  that  you, 
iia  aad  knowitig  so  much,  ibke  do 
u«err«c  m  boBkt  tffiiir«." 

^FiBttfiuity,  oh  mort  imiooe&t  hermit, 
htt  b(tt!— "--'»■-  !  ••  The  traveller  here 
f%WM^  k  tlidkt  I  have  come  into 

the  woo-i-  --  ...i:  about  *the  Triah  Diffi- 
culty,* Weil,  150  ou,  Mr.  Showman,  111  be 
Ifictitrer,  and  Let  you  see  that  I  dou't  need 
yvor  leaaoua.  Pray  for^ve  these  yawna.  Tea, 
thoc  ve  have  dttaolnng  riewa  again.  Ah, 
DOW  it  growv.  I  eee,  I  uuilerttaad.  Thady  is 
woridtuf  on  a  poich  of  wacte  land  on  the  out- 
akirt  offt  farm.  He  ia  allowed  that  patch  of 
waal*  Und  fur  hia  own  for  three  yean,  Mr. 
Hermii,  during  which  time  he  mar  eat  vi' >^ 
bf  fi&  grow  iHxm  it.    At  the  eoii  of 

She  will  DftTe  ttmied  it  into  toli, 
ajid  then  it  ^oea  into  the  &rm,  and 
y  starts  fresh  with  another  bit  of  moor. 
Deliaoua  fruit  of  labour  to  the  farmer,  but  I 
would  la  ooon  be  Sisyphiia  as  Ttiady — Silenc«, 
hermit,  I  will  diw^targe  now  for  your  benefit 
a  vast  amonnt  of  knowledge  : — 

"IreLyid*!  a  fine  oonniry,  *  first  flower  of 
ibe  earth,*  and  ao  on«  luu  fine  hArboun, 
lioblo  rivera^  and  a  fertile  huui  Of  this  rich 
IftDd  nearly  ocis4liird  is  bog,  moor,  waste, 
totally  uncultivated.  The  cultivated  land  has 
not  inoreaaed  in  quantity,  but  dwindJcd.  The 
land  was  held  by  few  men,  bouii<i  by  the 
hiwa  ot  land,  enewnbered,  and  almost  unable 
%o  sell ;  hundreds  of  thousands  of  acreB  have 
emie  oat  of  cidtivation.  In  one  baronv  in 
ti«  oooniy  of  Cork,  Sir  Itobert  Peel  "told 
ua  m  1840.  extending  over  eighty  thousand 
acr«B|  all  the  lands  weiie  thrown  waste.  A 
recent  set  fadJitates  the  sale  of  encumbered 


a  ri  acrea  rci 

siKi  ,  llenuif, 

report  ulALf. ^jiiiiith  to  Lonl  I 
nmsHjofi)  ;  two  and  a  half  raillioii 

lire.     Two   aiid  a  hall   1 

calls  hopelessly  waste,  bii 
Boii  HHfielesstoaKiiuUl  propn 
mit,  1  quote  J^ihri  SliLtrt  M 
Wiiate»  bought  by  (jovcrnmejiv  ..1 
or  Bold  at  once  by  their  possess 
freehold  properties,  to  the  yuMM   1 
each  would  spend  such  en. 
domain  as  would  soon  tiuii  ; 
into  a  little  honip  Auatralb.     N*-'  ..i 

thousands  be  fud  and  nuVd  Into  1^'  "U 

what  is  now  mere  useless  ground,  but  :i  ucw 
thing  would  be  Been, — a  oiultitudo  of  Icifipv 
peasants  in  the  sister  island.     11. 
Zurich,  and  have  seen  how  uiej) 
vr,t   ..f    .-r.,,,..t,l^  love  it  juid  noui 

.  water  eolicitoualy  <  rj 

with  the  sun.   :iJi.;  1 

upou  th<  II 

'jlovothcl 

the  Lii4<i  ivves  them,  and  muke^  iUifUi  k 

Bomi*  jiretwnt«.' 

"  BufV  *»id  the  hermit,  "^  ha«  not  tids 
tendency  to  root  men  to  one  Rj>ot— to  s 
them  a.a  firmly  into  a  small  imfccU  *>f  tluj  « 
as  the  vegetables  they  grow  ?   docs   it 

gjjjp,4K  ..  .. .  ....A  ''ifck  enterprise  I  " 

ve  u  ro<.it/*  rei>liril  lbs 

**fa-v-      _ ^ l..:r,   "or  it    sui..;nf^   tm 

branches  ;  so  with  man^     Give  -  «, 

and  he  educates  his  family  to   1  :it, 

standing  and  to  support   it.    11  ^Li 

diildren   out  into  the  world  t<»  »r 

stan^iing  places  for  themsdvea ;  he  ti.u«3 
them  to  expect  this,  and  not  to  Jivo  lo  sjuilrh 
away  g. 
become  ' 
r^  sprciiLi  . 
earth ;  w  1 


J-earacJ 
-rival.     11 


lo 


th' 


yo( 
na^ 


1    at.  mid 
:  ^  -._!.:  ijund  and 
I  ot  t>opulftlion,'* 
-aid   the    henuit,    moriii^ 

the  Campine,"  said  the  trfivi»1Jet. 
"Yes,!  vbouttt.     Th^'T  ,.  a 

waste  vi  Look  to  tli  d 

u  '  :1s 

\  .1 

str  r. 

willseesome  i  1  ; 

thevoutitaii  U 

it  then  fur  (b.  i;) 

leaves  have  e  I  -e 

roots  have  mvcu  it  cynii;iiuijcv,  11  t^ 

the  industnouii  proprietor  will  i  p, 

or  turn  it  with  ih          '            '  hi,  or 

even  rye,  wiU  grt^  And 
is  reajH                   .*ji  i  ^^,jli  ^m,y  ihm 


after  tlua 


I^iCkBBl.] 


THE  IRISH  USE  OF  THE  GLOBES. 


56 


,.r 


K,oiiu'  mill 


iiiriinT  '   i^ilitvi-r  jLtiil  rMjtatoesI 


ami  till  iiiti  Itirtiltj  jrkiii  which  yon 

Lo  the  left  of  you,   O  HerniiU  ItAS 

b^fcii  juiulc  tlina  out  of  saxdhilis,  by  tbe  8oIj- 

cituJe  of  fimall  proprietors.    TUem  it  rcmu- 

1  *  '  '    V  gave  their  ow  1 

ire.     It  would 

-  *" "-le  owulu  «.'j  j'.iv 

/  of  tUiii  laud ; 

fi  ^1^^^  by  hwtl- 

iir   it   TTiis 

;:,  *'to  turn 

[  thrive^    They 

eoonoray  ;  but 

I  extraordinary 

Lthefl  bv  want. 


th&t  Li  U' 
yewn  of  l 


him  a  c 


s  U)  llieir  patrimony.    It  id 

1   kK-ea  ijitereat  in  the  work,  i 

of  such  r«tuiii  as  hurmui ' 

1 1  1 0  look  for^  thi\t  makes  [ 

■i  rioua  ;  tliia  aeiwe  of 

Mie  by  hai-d  work  to  j 

•yiut  peaceable  I 

interest  in  the 

It  ia  because  i 


lud,  can,  by  iio 

;  :::Lall 

L-    _     „_    _.-..  i,^:    crtcd, 

vrh^sx  at  home,  into  an  energy  of  reckless- 


**B«t,"  Raid   the   hermit,   "how  can    you 
ernjTcrt  these  wretched  men  into  proprietors 
tH  l;ixn\  \    Tlicy  cannot   ouy  kind  ; 
i  lutve  it  ei%'cu  to  them  1 " 


Uinlj. 

It  ia  ■ 

i 

wanf"- 

•'  J--' 

,     1  '»   1. ->■>.'(  I    liJ.tl     \t  111    ir-iijunV 

all  1. 

iir.v; 

SIi*?  wants  a  course  of 

1  iS    brr-n     niitst,     ijiitiurlv 

Uu  txia  uuuivrou^  e^iated  wiiich, 
for  tli^  Irfsndit  of  creditors,  come 
iiitai  able   to  Tvork   tliem 
A  ono  symptom  of  disease  ; 
-  becoming  cul- 
i  land  becoming 
aded    lo^    givu 
vaates  were,  we 
^emment,    their 
^tiimii,  tiiey  wonii  be 
ftiw  teres  in  rnct"'nt. 
hi«:U  a  UU^urer  might  i 
i' itidnatry.     Fncilitt****  c  , 
hill 
{ucomentto  ! 


encouragement,  I  would  bock  auy  Iri^hnaan 
ri^^nst  a  Ileimng. " 

'•  Are  those  your  prividc  notions  ?"  asked 
tJie  hermit. 

"No:  what  I  think  about  the  Ii'Iah  chii- 
racter,  I  think  in  common  with  ail  men  who 
lifive  paid  uiiprejudicetl  attention  to  the  suVj- 
ject.     Wh.it  I  say  of  waste  1      "  ^       id 

economy,  for  the  frrinding  m!  s 

use  a  ^iill  much  and  dejaervc^j,  ■o...ixi.-Li  ,u 
EiigUnd." 

"  And  BO  you  get  your  Irish  pHnacPU  ?'' 

"So  I  get  no  panacea,  Mr.  Hermit — tli^jre 
13  no  single  psmacea  for  a  social  evil.  Bodii>fl 
politic  are  complex  things  ;  but  ii*o  I  get  a 
^ood  preacriptiou,  which  may  advantageotittly 
b«  worked  into  the  treiiiment  of  a  i^se  which 
certainly  is  not  incurable.  Now  you  may 
t  let  down  your  curtain,  firicnd.  I  tola 
there  Wiis  nothing  to  be  tauglit  mo  of 
a.^.  world.  As  for  your  globe,  ns  I  before 
sidd,  it  is  just  an  llhistrated  Newspuper. 
1  'm  aick  of  news.  As  for  30  ur  ma^Ic,  pooh  1 
What  magic  of  the  piist  would  not  be*  clumsy^ 
if  put  ne3Lt  door  to  the  commou-plMi^s  of  to- 
day. Well,  it  s  no  fault  of  youra.  .4jid  so 
thtb  toy  of  yours  has  made  you  mlwrable.*' 

"Yeei,  Traveller,  this  vivid  picture  of  the 
world  lias  max^le  me  fret  a^aiust  the  spell 
which  keeps  ma  lx»nnd  to  Know  and  never 
use  my  kuowlcdg**.  What  reality  of  heaven 
can  there  be  for  me,  to  whom  t' •  'Mii,  aud 
all  the  men  and  women  lovin .  ,  and 

labourifig  upon  it,  are  but  n  .i>. i  toy? 

Yet  von  profesa  to  know  the  world,  jind 
fly  it  I " 

"  Certainly,  ray  frieniJ.  For  you  must 
undei'stand  that  habit,  chance  of  education. 
temj»er,  and  a  thousand  accidents  of  Ufe,  all 
fly  to  a  wan^s  eyes^  and  there  is  no  audi  thing 
as  the  poaaibihty  of  live  men  aeeing  every  thing 
alike.  One  sees  a  ball,  and  saytt  it  'b  round ; 
two  sa>n3  it  8  square;  tliree  conaidera  it  a 
pyramid;  four  says  it's  like  a  mai'linBpike ; 
and  live  saya  there  is  nothing  to  be  seen  at 
all.  They  are  not  perverae.  There  are  not 
many  perverse  people  now-a-dayg,  but  we  do 
eec  ihin£i:i  30  very  dilTerently,  that  I  coiniider 
eyes  to  be  of  no  use  in  the  world  at  alL" 

"  But  oilier  senaes  "- 

'*  Well*  it's  extremely  liard  for  a  matt  to 
feel  a  thint,'  and  own  that  it  feels  roimd,  when 
he  6ec43  positively  that  it  'a  square.  He  goea 
by  lule  of  squiue,  antl  then  we  call  it  pre- 
judice ;  n  pardonable  matter  after  idl*** 

lidts,  Uieyyi'dd  in  the 
Tu  N  work,  Hermit." 

Vou  who  were  impatient 
,<er  for  a  phantom  child, 
rctuio  Lk>  light  the  tide  of  difficulty,  even  to 
help  a  nation  in  distress/' 

"There   are   plenty  of  men   at  work,  my 

friend,    trying    their    strength    agiuiist    lli« 

■"ivr?a.    Now  let  me  try  my  appetite.     Tia 

!  1*  toftce  the  world  than  tmd  om»  dinner 


all  '     ies,  eacaminecl  before  the  Coloni- 

&iLi  iittee.    Mr.  Petoberton  and  Mr. 

Bj->  i.Mu-  luest  the  Bucoeafl  of  Irishnien  in 
Caiittda.  Mr.  Perley  speaks  for  them  tii  New 
Brunflwick*  In  Nova  N'<  t i.i  th.>v  are  vouclied 
for  by  Air.  Unincke  ;  1  tern  iu  the 

United  States  j  in  Austi  v  an  Dieinan'a 

l^nd  hy  Colonel  Miteht-ll,  ColoueJ  M'Arthur, 
Mj\  Vemf^r.  Ml*.  Ckiuniu^hain,  Mr,  Besnard, 
Ml*.  Jii  '  v,  and  the  Rer.  O.  P.  Lang. 

Count  >  ;inRwei^  for  them   in  the 


A: 


Australia ; — ^they 
"h  quite  aa  readily 

iL'!-i  'it  said, 
I     II  ;  whether  I 
V    L  Tlie  fervid 
^  till  tn  AS  apt  for 


Unit^'.l  •-::-.  - 

get  (•<  jir':^;irr.ii  A  Vn  -n 

"  You  know  that  1 "  t 

"What  do  you  mean 
know  that  ?  1  know  it  : 
cliaracter  of  the  Iriali  m 
hope  A9  for  deapair ;  iu  their  mud  cabins  they 
h/ive  never  i*eceivt?d  Hope  for  guest ;  sm 
never  said  a  grace  to  the  potatoes.  The  Iriah 
chanvcter  haa  not  a  small  reeemblance  to  the 
temperament  of  the  ancient  Gi-eeka  j  and  when 
her  yeATs  of  misery  are  over,  Ireland  may  run 
a  i-ace  of  honour  with  the  »ifit«r  Isle.  Speeches 
and  books  cannot  be  read  for  notliing,"  Biiid 
the  traveller,  joerceidng  that  the  hermit 
smiled,    • 

**  Pardon  me,**  said  the  hei*mit,  "  I  respect 
Tottr  eamestneflfi.  I  only  wonder  that  you, 
feelitig  thus  and  knowing  so  much,  take  no 
int^ieat  in  home  affairs." 

"  Frimiliarity,  oh  moat  imjooeot  hermit, 
haa  bred — H^igho  !  "  The  traveller  here 
yawned  ''To  think  that  I  have  cotue  into 
the  woods  to  talk  about  Hhc  Irish  Diffi- 
culty/ Well,  go  on,  Mr.  Showman^  I'll  be 
lecturer,  and  let  you  see  that  I  don't  need 
your  leBBona.  Pray  forgive  these  yawna.  Yes, 
there  we  have  dissolving  views  again.  Ah, 
now  it  grows.  I  see^  I  understand.  Thady  is 
working  on  a  patch  of  waste  land  on  the  out* 
skirt  of  a  farm.  He  is  allowed  that  patch  of 
waste  land  for  hia  own  for  tluree  years,  Mr. 
Hermit,  during  whicli  time  he  may  oat  what 
he  can  grow  uiKm  it.  At  the  end  of  three 
years  he  will  Imve  tumwi  it  into  tolerable 
land,  and  then  it  goes  into  the  fai'm,  and 
Thady  start*!  frtah  with  aiiuther  bit  of  moor. 
Delicious  fruit  of  labour  to  Iho  farmer,  but  I 
would  on  soon  be  Sisyphus  as  Thiuly — Silence, 
hermit,  I  wdl  diseharg©  now  for  your  benefit 
a  vast  amount  of  knowledge  : — 

"Ireland's  a  fine  country,  *  first  flower  of 
the  earth,'  and  so  on,  has  fine  hrtibours, 
noble  rivers,  and  a  fertile  land.  Of  this  rich 
laud  nearly  one-third  is  bog,  moor,  waste, 
totaily  uncultivated.  The  cultivated  land  has 
Dot  increased  in  quantity,  but  dwindled.  The 
land  was  held  by  few  men,  bound  by  the 
laws  of  land,  encumbered,  and  almost  unable 
to  sell ;  hundreds  of  thousands  of  acres  have 
gone  out  of  cultivation.  In  one  barony  in 
the  county  of  Cork,  Sir  Robert  Peel  told 
na  in  1849,  extending  over  eighty  thousand 
acres,  all  the  lands  were  thrown  waste.  A 
recent  act  facilitates  the  sale  of  encumbered 


property,  aiid  will  in  some  degree  check  this 
evil.  But  of  the  waste  land,  whUe  the  Iriaii 
bid  their  famine  prices  for  potatoes,  there  Are 
a  million  and  a  half  of  acres  ret-laimAble  for 
spade  or  plough — fhere.  Hermit,  I  qu  iti'  Mm 
report  of  Mr.CirifSth  to  Lord  Devoi/ 
mission) ;  two  and  a  Imlf  millions  re*  It 
for  pasture.  Two  and  a  half  niilliuuo  AU\ 
Griffith  calls  hopelessly  waste,  but  tliere  i«  na 
soil  hopeless  to  a  stnidl  proprietor.  Here,  H«*^ 
mit,  I  quote  John  Stu.ort  Mill.  Were  theM- 
waatcs  bought  by  Government  ivr'  '  '  lo, 
or  sold  at  once  by  their  poasc*^^  J I 

freehold  properties,  to  the  poor  Ik.^u  ,-■,,,! its, 
each  would  spend  such  energy  upon  his  oftii 
domain  as  would  soon  turn  the  nwis^  (A'  v,  .iste 
into  a  little  home  Australia.     N*  i  Id 

thousands  be  fe<l  and  raised  into  <  ^  lun 

what  is  now  mere  useless  ground,  L*ui  ri  utw 
thing  would  be  seen, — a  multitudt^  of  lir*pp? 
peasants  in  the  sister  island.     1  have 
Xurich,  and  have  seen  how  men  wlu 
bit  of  grotuid,  love  it        '         /  '  ut 

every  corner,  water  t  -!« 

cabbage,  rise  with  the  ^^^lu.  an.i  .n-ia  .-.«.ad 
their  holidays  ujxin  the  cherished  soil.  \Vhett 
people  come  to  love  the  land  after  that  fiwihiuo^ 
the  land  loves  them,  and  makes  th«m  Inuul^ 
some  present**." 

"  But,"  said  the  hei-mit,  « has  not  this  a 
tendency  to  root  men  to  one  spot — to  &tidc 
them  as  firmly  into  a  i^mall  jiatch  of  the  tarth 
as  the  vt>getables  they  grow  1  does  it  not 
smother  energy  and  check  i  ;  '** 

"  Eveiy  tree  must  have  u  lied  Hhg 

"fast"  young  traveller,   '"  vr  i  'no 

branches  j  so  witli   man.     Give  ii, 

and  he  educates  his  family  to  ut 

standing  and  to  8ui)))ort  it.    11  iils 

children  out  into  the  world  to  l;ir 

standing  places  for  themselves ;  iio  trains 
them  to  expect  this,  and  not  to  Tno  to  snatch 
away  some  of  Ida  hard-earned  ncifs,  or  to 
become  his  neighbouring  rival.  1 1  i;s  bninches 
are  spread  till  they  extend  to  other  ]n\ri8  of 
the  earth ;  where  they,  in  turn,  tal<e  root,  and 
thus  bce<i:)me  ceutt^::s  of  the  sauje  sound  atitl 
beneficial  cxjuinsion  of  population." 

"  Look  here/'  said  the  hennit,  mo^iag. 
the  globe. 

**  Flanders,  the  Campinc,"  said  the  travella^ 
"  Yea,  I  know  fdl  about  it.  There  we  have  a 
wajBte  of  sandhills.  Look  to  the  right  ajii 
you  perceive  «ome  spaces  where  the  aaudhillji 
have  been  levelled  and  sturouuded  by  a 
trench ;  broom  is  sown  there  ;  a  few  potatoes 
straggle  up,  and  here  and  there  some  clover. 
Keep  your  eyes  about  you.  Hermit,  and  yow 
will  sec  some  patches  where  the  broom  is  cut ; 
they  cut  it  after  three  years*  grow  th,  and  sell 
it  then  for  faggots — by  that  time  fiiUeu  broom 
leaves  have  enriched  the  sand  a  little,  and  iho 
roots  have  jrivcn  it  consistency.  Then,  Hermit^ 
the  industrious  proprietor  will  plough  it  upy 
or  turn  it  with  the  spade,  and  buckwheat,  or 
even  rye,  will  grow  without  manure.  And 
after  ihis  is  reiqied  the  ground  will  pay  ihm 


JL^ 


THE  IRISH  USE  OF  THE  GLOBES. 


55 


^  to  the  left 
lis  tliu^ 


II g  ;  c!iiTi?r  and  potatoes 

aw  froio 

iu  wlikli  you 


<-i\\  11  '-Hi  <■  nun 

.ill    hfivtf   aii- 

uii^r  to  }*ay 

is  Liud  ; 

iiV  hiivd- 

ibour   it   Wttt* 

IS  it.  "to  liU'iL 

-".    They 

mv  ;  Init 


•     IS 

iru  VL^  Jiutrum  | 
i\  thfkt  mak^ 
tliu  flenae  of 
liaiti  work  to  i 
I  >uaeeable  | 
-^t  in  the  I 


clia- 
who 


^  because 
tu,  by  no 

-J -,  -V. ^,.,  ug  in  Iro- 

slf  in  Ui«  0OCUU  sc&le,  that  all 
diAnKetcr  bos  been  perverted, 
Into  on  energy  of  reckleaa- 

tlia  hermit,  "  how  can    you 
WTM^h<*«l  itieo  into  urojiriftora 
~  t.t  l>uy  land  ; 


She  w&nta 
Im-s    been    mo 


a  course  ofi 

si  I'l;.  .Dcrly 
arts 
dly 

»nie 

Qum  aUt*  lo  wuik   them 
lYmptoxQ  of  dkease ; 


»ivk  niiuMiuiiM 
ilM  licnefit  of 


k:tvi 


h%  wuMt^  werc^  we 

,    ^fovemmcnt,    their 

being  aiDftU,  they  would  be 

of  a  {rw  MCTt's  in  extent, 

labourwau-!  by 

'  FWaJfli"  uiily 

1   be  an 

.isalbility 

fop. 

1   of 

r«r,  dt  II on 

iu  i'»iu  ,  .  -i  of 


eiieoura^ement>  I  would  biick  any  Inshmoa 
agidiLst  a  Flemin^j, " 

^'  Ai^  these  your  private  notions  V*  ask<^ 
tlte  hermlL 

*^No;  what  I  think  nltnnt  the  Tnsh 
racter,  I  tliuUv  in  i< 
have  jiaiil  unprojml 

jecL  What  1  B:iy  ot  ,  .,  ,...,:,  •„.i 
economy,  for  t)i<'  ..i':.'::!  •■'  v.].:.;;  [  ;  iv, ;'-.  ■^' 
U2ie  a  ^lill  much  m-A  d.ij^t:.i  \ cdly  csLcclucU  iu 
En  j;  Land,*' 

**  jVnd  so  you  get  your  Iriah  panacea  T* 

"  So  I  get  na  panacea,  Mr.  Hermit — ^there 

is  no  sin^^ie  panacea  for  a  social  evil    Bodies 

jMjlitie  are  complex  things  ;  l)ut  so  1  gut   a 

j^md  preecription,  which  may  ad%'antageoualy 

s   rked  into  the  treatment  of  a  caae  which 

uly  it*  not  incurablu.     Now  ymi  may 

lai   let  down  your  curtain,  firieod.    I  tela 

ou  there  was  nothing  to  be  taught  me  of 

Liie  world.    Aa  for  your  globe,  as   T  h.  i;... 

said,   it   ia  juflt    an    Illustrated  K 

I  *ra  sick  of  news.     As  for  your  ma^      i 

What  magic  of  the  past  would  not  Uj  cluiuHy, 

if  put  next  door  to  the  common-placoe  of  to- 

iLa^,    Well,  it's  no  fault  of  yours.    And  so 

thm  toy  of  yours  bus  made  jou  miserable.** 

*'Y^y  Travellvr,  tlds  vivid  picture  of  the 
world  haa  made  me  fret  a^amst  the  sf^l 
which  keeps  me  bound  to  Know  aiid  never 
use  niy  knowledfje .  What  reality  of  heaven 
can  there  be  lor  me,  to  whom  th'--  ■  "tl.,  and 
all  the  men  and  women  lovln*/,  and 

labonring  upt:>u  it^  an?  but  a    i   :  fjyt 

Yet    you  profess  to  know   the  world,   and 
flyitl" 

"  Certainly^  my  friend.  For  you  muat 
und<3:rBtand  that  habit,  chance  of  education, 
temjier,  and  a  thousand  accidents  of  life^  all 
lly  to  a  man's  eyes,  and  there  is  no  such  thing 

'  ^  '  possibility  of  five  men  seeing  every  thing 
One  sees  a  ball,  and  says  it 's  round ; 
. .. ..  iiays  it 's  square ;  three  cottuiders  it  a 
pyramid ;  four  says  it  *9  like  a  marUospiko ; 
and  live  says  there  is  nothing  to  be  seen  at 
alL  They  are  not  perverse.  There  ai'e  not 
many  pervei'se  people  now-a-days,  but  w»  do 
see  thlugii  so  veiy  differently,  that  I  consider 
eyes  to  be  of  no  use  iu  the  world  at  alL" 

"  But  olb**r  senses  " 

"Well,  it's  extremely  hard  for  a  matt  to 

"    '       '  I  o\*Ti  that  it  feels  round,  when 

ly  that  it  'a  square.    He  goee 

M,   .-.1-  '  '    niid  then  we  call  it  pi**' 

judice  ;  a  matter  after  all/' 

"Butpr  ,  leldr' 

"  Not  very  often  iu  adults,  they  yield  in  the 
next  generation.    Slow  work.  Hermit." 

"  Slow,  but  sure.  You  who  were  impatient 
to  leap  into  the  water  for  a  phantom  child, 
refuse  to  fight  the  tide  of  dimculty,  even  to 
help  a  nation  in  distress.'* 

"There  are  plenty  of  men  at  work,  my 
friend,  trying  their  strength  against  the 
waves.  Kow  l«t  me  try  my  appetite.  'Tia 
eaaicr  to  see  the  world  than  tind  one's  dinner 
in  it." 


\ 


rr 


56 


UnUSEHOLD  WOUDS. 


8d  till'  atrangvr  ate  a  dinner  in  ♦i  ■•  ^" 
cell,  and,  tlic  sumo  evcuiiii:,  rtv-i 
▼ela.     HjuI  he  grown  weary  of  ih 
We  met  kim,  ten  flays  afterwarde,  in  London. 

ADVENTUBES  OF  A  TRANSLATION, 


.  f  i'» 


A).L 


,Tv^,' 


L- 


Most  Kngliali  people  acqunlutcd  v  iih  mo- 
dorti  Gfrmnix  Utemture  Tiave  lit-aril  of  iJetiiuA 
Breiituno,  (Frau  ron  Arnlm.)  a  luuue  fami- 
linrly  known  in  G»;rmany,  tlirouf::li  lier  pnMl- 

c^ntion  of  "Goiithe's  <   ■-.   -  —^ -"i,  ^ 

CliiR"     Iiil83A,iii)  i>^ 

ductiou   of   !i  moat   l  .      i .  .,       im 

iMsued  Irom  the  press.  The  idolisetl  P'X't  Jind 
b^en  i>lat3ftl  to  say,  that  every  line  of  J^ttina't* 
letters  conlnine<l  materials  for  a  poem  ;  he 
had  read  them  daily  ;  and,  as  eA^ery  thin;!;'  that 
threw  light,  or  promised  to  throw  light,  on 
sutflit  appertainmfr  or  relatinsr  to  Ooiithe  wm 
x-m"       '  '  t    for  ami     '        '     '   liv  hia 

c«  w ork  ^v^ >  )  i  gl 1 1  at, 

iin  .  i.H...  .  -M..  lead  throu^l,   M,  ;  ,,  ,  uiaJiy. 

It  i*  not  our  intention  to  comment  on  the 
pnhlii^'ition.  Many  «>f  otir  reader  may  have 
read  it  iu  the  origimd  ;  but  it  may  l>e  inter- 
ejstin^'  to  them  to  know  \ww  it  fuvrl  wtli 
Bettina'g  eanje.nt  desire  of  appearinj,'  l>efore 
tli«»  Uritish  pnblir,  lis  f*he  had  the  tlji*ee 
vohinieg  translated  iu  lM:jy,  printed  off  seven 
thousand  copies  forth Mitii  in  Berlin,  at  a  djst 
of  seven  hm^dved  })t<uud«,  ami  dispatche*! 
them  to  Eng-land,  buoved  with  the  nope  of 
A  cortlial  welcoiuo  on  Biitiah  groiuid.  The 
adventwrea  of  the  work  may  not  also  }}0 
devoid  of  general  iotfrest,  as  in  them  we  have 
Another  proof  of  how  hard  onr  mtemational 
rcfttrictiofts  tell  tipoti  indixHduab.  To  cet  the 
work  tran5<lated  at  all,  Bettma  had  ua{tle<l 
with  diflieultiea  against  which  only  a  will 
strong  a.s  her  own,  and  her  pecnliarlv  «an- 
ffiiiue  temperament,  could  have  held  out  ; 
but  uo  Eii^li»h  pennon  could  sl^e  find  wlllini' 
to  nnd^^rtake  the  third  volume  of  her  **  Diary. 
Still  bent,  however,  on  carrymnr  out  her 
object,  Bhe  continued  tlie  translalion  hei-scdf, 
with  wo  further  knowled*,'©  of  our  huiguage 
than  what  she  hail  acf[uired  by  compjiring 
her  Gei-man  mauiiaieri])t  with  tlie  achieve- 
menta  of  her  trans?latora,  with  which  sJie 
(tppears  to  have  been  anylldnf;  bnt  satisfied. 
To  give  :iny  idea  of  the  difficulties  of  such  an 
undortakinL',  we  must  be  allowed,  pri«?entlv, 
to  quote  wliat  the  autlioress  hcrHelf  aays  m 
her  preface,  or  Preamble,  a«  she  terms  it,  anfl 
let  u  few  extracts  from  the  "  Diary  "  bear  wit- 
nesa  to  h^r  numeroui^  jH-rplexitiea, 

After  mwch  trouble,  and  ?reat  expense,  the 
work  was  dispatched  to  England.  The  Bril  isti 
authorities  honoured  its  arrival  by  demandin;^ 
II  high  import  duty  on  tlie  .■jeven  thousand 
oopiefi,  bearmg  no  certificate  of  being  printwl 
in  Prussia.  Ailer  lengthy  correspondence  to 
and  fro,  they  were  sent  back  with  fifty  iwun^k 
coBt  of  freight  and  warehousing,  Tlic  Pruasiaii 
euHtom-houfle,  in  its  turn,  dt-mauded  a  high 
uu{H>rt  duty,  which  is  nowise  to  be  shirked. 


,rl. 


^'^rophe  of  ih'-""  * 
Uen  the  ]  ;t 
-J  found  to 
couid  hardly  Im?  otherwise,  as  i 
not  calculated  for  twelve  yeai*a' 
damp  of  our  London  dock«. 
while  mildew  and   custom-hoi 
were  doing  their  worst  upon   | 
literary   ventui-e,   her  booK   v 
A  II d  veiT  c'X)11t  turned 

t !  ><?nt  of  the  pirates. 

ji.Li.i.i.,w   licgins  her  thir*^  *■"' 
apofttiN>phe  to  **  Tlie  Eri;,di:  ' 
men  ! ''    She  writes*,  •'  Tht 
nadlifllimus  tongue, so  often  l>hiii 
mortality,  here  filled  with  r»dfl, 
fiery  flraught,  do  not  refM 
reliwh    iti«  spirit  to  be  h*: 
homeboiTi,"   And  in  her*' prtiimhlr 
"  I   was   not   acquainted    with    Uir 
tongue,  therefore  relied  on  the 
of  my  translators,      lite    i-cri, 
their  version  I  tried  to  follow,  ^,  .v 
ing  it  to  the  German  text,     <.)ricfi  ni 
hurt  by  words  lack  of  rauaical  rhyii 
in   the   German  text,  by  their   h;» 
youndrt,  and  even  by  the  union  of  tb- 
parts,  awake  |>aetic  sensation  ;  I  mu- 
nave  them  supplied  by  i»neh  f^*i  wrt)!i 
Fti^uin.    To  all  my  <  ^ 
translator  opi»08ed  tli 
lating  it,  the  rigour  ai:;i!itsi   un 
in  that  language,  and,  beside^s,  i  i 

allowjj  no  great  dmice,  it  con^* x  "'^  .u 

thirty  thousand  wonie,  I  thougbl,  if  T  only 
did  know  tkem^  to  be  sure  1  would  find  tli 
right." 

Whether  Bettinn  always  found  the  right 
w<irds,  or  whether  they  were  «ueh  n»  are  cal- 
culated to  awaken  *'|:K>etic  aensit'tou" — whM 
in  short  the  exactions  of  the  T. 
have  hjtit  to  the  British  pulilit 
m'^^nK  of  MiNa  Von  An  ■     '    ^ 

iSp^aking  uf  her  (j 
lator,  and  of  tlie  ditL.  ..uiLr,  , 
writes : — 

**  Uneoimciously,  I  pmrmed  my  task,  confld* 
in^  in  my  genius,  tliat  would  preserve  m« 
from  doing  any  harm  by  untit,  or  even  unusual 
expressions,  and  persisted  often  in  my  wniSff 
way,  wlien  my  advisers  would  have  subverted 
my  construction,  as  they  were  ai«unlitie«. 
Often  my  ver«ioUj  larded  with 
expressions,  gave  way  to  miKiin 
then  I  could  not  ally  tlie  corrt' 
meaning,  and  would  not  Vw  di 
my  wite,  impaBflioued  as  I  was  t 
out-turn,  for  which  I  htv]  numti 
and  poetrj'.and  never  won! 
sheet,  which  to-day  will  i 
and   I   am   like  one  to  whuuj,  aiter  a  iong 

Erison,  spring  is  beatowed  in  the  fre«  ail". 
^  'oraooth,  I  saw  in  the  last  year  no  ro«es, — no 
tree  blowing.  Mv  intelligence  lay  narrowly 
grateii  u]>  in  the  dictionaTy  of  good  Johnson, 
and  the  gr.ammai^  that  1  took  to  my  couch, 
and  fell  ii^leep  on  them  ;  and  had  ako  a  verr 


ill  -lio\v. 
.»  tnui*- 
Laak,  aha 


1  th 


press ; 


I 


ADVENTCJHES  OF  A  TRANSLATION, 


S7 


Lftl  bed  to  n. 

r  huA  miforttmately 

Rtti*  I. ,;.."....- 

'io:il  kantin^ 

^^ 

frightened  me 

k: 

■   for  rny  vrr^inn 

^^^^H t 

.vitL 

^^^^Bi 

or,  I 

^^^^^' 

1>y  a 

^^^B  1 

d  at 

^^^^^1     . 

—  -   - ......  lic'vcr 

^^^^K    _ 

,  .  .  .     Had  Uyron  still 

^^H|h  V 

•  vnilsed  mv  attempt, — 

^^Enna 

r  the  book's  sake  ; 

^^B_wa»  "^ 

L^  mind,  propuding 
iia.     He  woxud  liave 

^^^^■i;. 

^^^Ht 

'itln,  ffoodly  graces; 

^^W^ 

*     u'ly  blesaed  me. 

^^ft  1 

yonder,  and  no 

^Dn)*'-^'*  ' 

it  flies  fmm  its 

IM0(  OVIST 

to  climate  in  a 

fencifpci  bi.  , 

ij  n'v-ittMl  in 

OieMuiJ.    The^. 

fUfUX, 

M^^^^Brta  m< 

.^  my 

■■bet  Uiia  ii 

i»le  iuaerUiil  in 

^^Hj^Pterlj  or 

It    Keviews,   for 

^^^Stl^  that  if  ther<t;  mc  still  otlier  Eng^liBh- 

^^Embti^  *^'*   Byron  wouLl  Iiave  clone,  are 

^^■to^' 

deep  mind,  and 

^^^JKi 

!©il   fedinffs,   I 

^^B^^ 

-  ofmylUary," 
h<?r  book    tlie 

^B^- 

HEb  ' 

!i.-'  l'*ITlk^?   of  flit' 

TOlno  litul  Iht' 

■  11    -    Iw  u-Mi]:,  n 

Briel'to.'i]    s»-u-. 

'   '■"••'"o     ••'L^'^'^'i^ 

pan^ 

s: — 

r-i 

;j!r  jt't.":?  ftxrttt  our  Lord, 

♦ 

!  1  ears  for  tlie 

1 

J   was  contem- 

M||l 

The  wonder- 

K' 

it  they  reacheti 

^K' 

^'  stupefied 

I,  coajse- 

...c  over  the 

w  it  up.  ...  . 
Vi  V.  niby^lied, 

^^^^Br 

^^k' 

,  where  it 

in  satfron 

^B"' 

iiioment,  deair- 

^m 

whole  uature 

Th 


^>r»rl 

L 
0   tvi 

,\rT- 


.  the  friend   of  GoSthe 


■l-cap  or  X  t»«4l^l,  and  agtiia 


^t  of 
into 


dmi 


^t'd  >*▼  tlie«!,  hailing 

nncrs 
ynd 

ildeu  voji*el8y 
frws  neck.     1^...-..    .m..,»     w  ^.^  .ii.-io 
joLuittd  *J/  t&e  guthared  ihwevs,  the 


wild  herb«  in  thy  bc»soio,  and  laid  my  hand 
upon  it  to  fix  them  there.  Thou  knoweat  no 
more  of  my  hand  withheld  mid  thy  breast, 
and  that  them  eallodst  nit;  the  wilil  hop  which 
would  root  there  to  wind  its  tentlrils  ijrowinc 
np  around  thee,  that  nothing  might  be  seen  of 
thee  but  only  tlie  wild  hop.  Lot  in  thia 
double-wall  of  rock  and  monntain-depthi 
abides  of  eeho  '^  ;  ■  '-^  calk  Lo  !  my  breast 
is  Buch  an  nt :  umI  double  w^dL,  that 

ever  and  arjob ..,...md  times  th<i  joyous 

shunts  of  so  sweet  a  tale  echoes  across  thy 
bi-cath  in  which  Ctod-inmiortallty  hath  V*!own 
the  breath  of  inspiration,  Be  pleased  to  hear 
me  siu;,;  onre  more  the  melodieij  of  my  fairest 
paths  of  life,  and  in  the  excited  rhythm  of 
momentary  joy^  where  of  epirit  and  sense  the 
vit^l  aoui'cea  stream  into  eiujh  other,  and  fto 
exalt  e^'ich  other,  that  not  the  inexperienceil 
alone  become  sensible  and  ■visible,  but  the  un- 
risible,  unheanl  of  too,  bo  known  and  heard  of, 

"  Is  it  of  drums  and  tinunpets  the  jubilating 
chime  which  shxdcen  the  clouds  ? — ^is  it  of 
hai'ps  and  cymbals  1 — is  it  of  thousand  jp- 
stniments  the  tumidt,  that  at  &3mmand*a  call 
disposing  solves  itself  into  the  measure  of  pare 
strains,  forms  warbling  ahapes,  pronounces 
accents  of  celestial  influences,  peoetnUes  into 
man's  spirits,  with  hue  and  light  espouse* 
sense  and  mbd  I  Is  it  this  genial  f)owei", 
which  running  tlirough  the  veins  conjures  the 
'l>lood  the  earthly  to  reject,  to  nurse,  to  bring 
f^'ith  of  supeiTiiLl  love,  of  supeiiml  light,  the 

u  I  line  fruit?  Is  it  not  thou  who  has  cou- 
-i!Uiiuateil  it  in  me,  when  it  fulg;urates  within 
my  soul  1  Yea.  it  fulgurates  when  I  think  ot 
thee  I  Or  is  it  only  tkalma — museiul  and 
weening,  only  gazing  phantas)%  not  espousing 
with  its  revelations  what  I  have  to  contide  to 
these  lea.ves  \  W^hatcver  it  be  I  all  into  de^ith 
this  music  of  the  first  love  may  lead  me.  At 
thy  feet  I  plant  the  bass ;  it  shall  pullulate  a 
palm-grove  for  thee  to  wander  in  its  shades ; 
all  what  of  lovely  and  sweet  thou  hast  said  to 
me,  that  I  shall  whisper  from  twig  to  twig 
like  soft  carob  of  twittering  binla :  be  your 
kisses,  your  caj*eraes,  between  us  the  honey- 
droppin;c;  fruits  of  this  grove:  but  the  element 
of  my  life.,  hftrmony  with  thee,  with  nature, 
with  God,  of  whose  loss  arises  the  abundance 
of  genemtion  upwards  to  light  into  light,  de- 
cay mg  into  lignt — be  that  the  torrent  the 
moiit  powerful,  which  encompasses  this  grove 
to  make  it  lonely  yfM\\  me  and  thee. 

"Tliou  lookest  upon  me  from  celestial 
heights  ;  let  it  be  unknown  to  me,  for  I  would 
not  l>ear  it :  thou  hast  t^ikcn  me  frtjui  mydelt 
— where  stsuid  I  firm  l  The  ground  reels — 
I  feel  myself  no  more  on  earth.  My  soul 
buoys  up,  I  do  no  more  know  any  one,  I  have 
no  thought — I  have  no  will  but  to  sleep, 
bedded  in  clou<L^  on  the  steps  of  thy  C4>lestial 
chaii\  Thy  glance  keeping  over  me  fire-vieil, 
thy  alUnarrning  spirit  bending  over  me  in  3ie 
blossom -carouse  of  thy  loveH-arols.  Thou  ! 
lisping  over  me,  nightingale-fluting  the  groans 
of  my  hmguisbing  pnntft,     *I\io\i  ^VoniKsv^ 


5S 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


over    rae»  -^ent? 
|wwMifjn.    Thou, 


'u'  the  frenay  of 
heaven-itrgitig  the 
ctcru:d  hyrojis  oi*  love,  that  warblmg  rebottnd 
on  the  h'eart.  Ay  I  at  thy  feet  I  will  siecj), 
w!  '       '  ''    *    one — Poet  !    Priuoe  ( 

p  m:!  olcmds,  e vol veat  your 

hiu...   ,,.-     i ^  ...vi. in  my  heart." 

A  little  further  on  Bettina  Brentano  ^ytm 
it  lis  her  oimuou,  that  ''  Beauty,  by  diviue 
amrit,  inculcates  itself  to  human  features, 
through  which  inspiration  ix»i-spii-es  a  halo, 
and,  unhurt  by  lowness,  its  fragnmce  freely 
evolves.*'  Goethe's  personal  beauty  at  forty 
was  "  immarcessible,  and  at  aixtywM  **re- 
queencd  "  by  g«uiua. 

Some  of  the  Uiou^hts  in  the  original  are  of 
the  higbcst  order  of  fer\-ent  ]>aetry  ;  yet  they 
are  much  marred  in  Engli&li  by  the  com* 
paj'ativo  ignoranw  of  tlunr  author  of  our 
language.  It  would  never  do  to  apply  to  a 
fair  poeteai  who  translates  her  on^ti  work 
into  a  foreign  language,  the  proverb  which 
deiinea  what  a  client  is  who  Vteconica  hia  own 
lawyer.  In  the  case  before  U3  it  would  hai-dly 
be  just ;  for  everj'  allowance  should  be  made 
for  the  difficulties  she  had  to  overcome. 


HOW  WE  WENT  WHALING  OFF 
THE  CAPE  OF  GOOD  HOPE. 

At  Algoa  Bay,  in  the  eastern  provinces  of 
the  Cape  Colony,  there  is,  and  has  bean  for 
thiit}'  veAFS,  a'  whaling  establifihrncot.  By 
what  instinct  these  monsters  of  the  deep 
ascertain  the  settlement  of  man  on  the  shorea 
they  frequent,  it  would  be  difficult  to  aay. 
But  that  they  do  so,  and  that  they  then  coui- 
mratively  deaert  such  coasts  is  undoubted. 
Where  one  whale  is  now  aoen  oif  the  south- 
eastern coast  of  Africa,  twenty  were  seen  in 
former  times,  when  the  iidiabitant*  of  the 
country  were  few.  It  ia  the  same  in  New 
Zealand,  and  ever}'  other  whale-frequented 
coftst.  Nevertheleaa,  the  whaling  esUibhah- 
tneiit  I  have  mentioned  is  Btill  Kept  up  in 
Algoa  Bay — and  with  good  reason.  One 
whale  per  armum  will  pay  all  the  expenaea 
and  outgoings  of  ita  maintenance ;  evei^  other 
whale  taken  in  the  courae  of  a  year  ib  a  dear 
proAL 

The  value  of  a  whale  depends,  of  course, 
rt]yr>n  its  size, — the  average  is  from  three  huu- 
dv  Is  to  six  hundred  pounds.     The 

c  i  iit    in   Algoa  Bay  oonsiKts  of  a 

Bltiia-iiTiij,r.  house  for  the  reatdenceof  the  fore- 
man, with  the  coppers  aj\d  boiling-houses 
attJiched  ;  a  wooden  Ijoat -house,  in  wTuch  arc 
kept  three  whale-boata,  with  all  the  linos  and 
tackle  beloiigiug  to  them ;  and  a  set  of 
javelins,  harpoons,  and  implcnieitts  for  cutting 
up  the  whales'  carcases.  Tlien  there  are  a 
boat's  crew  of  picked  men,  six  in  number, 
besides  the  coxs^vain  and  the  huqiooner. 
There  are  seldom  above  two  or  tliree  whales 
taken  in  the  course  of  a  year ;  occasionally 
Hot  one. 


The  appearance  of  a  whale  in  tl 
known  immediately,  and  great  is  tl 

Purt    ' 

estftbli 

:intl  unexT)ect*d  <'alft,  got  up  kn 
mcnt  of  tlie  mhabiUuits,  with  i 

A  trt^at  of  t)u9  sort  is 
the  first  appeamuee  of  a  v,  1 
Tackle-boats  and   men  aio   g 
twinkling.     We  j  ump  into  the 
the  boat.     Six  weather-be  i  * 
ai'e  at  work  at  the  oai-s,  aii  ! 
stands  the  haii>ooner,  prcj.L.. 
ft  boy  is  by  hw  side.    Ccnlg  of  li 
feet,  with  harpoons  attuclu'd    i 
two  or  three  spears  or  javelins. 

"  PuU  away,  boys  ;  there  she  blown  a^iin  *• 
cries  the  coxswain,  and  at  each  9U 
strong  men  almost  lift  the  little  cr 
the  water.    The  harpooner  eav 
is  a  vciy  silent  fellow  :  but  wo*- ' 
whale  that  comes  within    the  ^v^lIJ   < 
unerring  harpoon  I 

Meantiniv     "»    ♦' ^  friend  of  tlie  '^"'* 
rolling  hi  I!  '.  im  if  such    i 

harpoims  in  1 ;  a>»  if  he  av» :i\ 

in  javelins.      We    arc    u] 
dozen  more  strokes  and  v 
aim.    Yet  the  haipooner  scsemu 
moved  rus  ever  ;  he  holds  tlf^j 
true,  but  he  seems  to  graa]i  it  i 
to  make  any  preparation  for 
knows  the  whale  better  than  ^ 
than  his  crew.    Ho  hna  been  n 

thirty  years,  and  once  \vv ■  ,  i* 

whalus  in  one  ye.ar  with  tml. 

was  right  not  to  hurr)'  li ..      u  sec, 

the  whale  htw  at  hist  caun^ht  sight  i>f  U8, 
has  plumbed  below  the  surface. 

Now,  however,  the   harjwoner  n 
imperceptible  sign  to  the  coxsw.iin. 
swain  says  "give  way  boys,"  > 
hia  breath,  and  the   boat  skin 
ever  over  the  waves.     The  hm  i 
dutches  more  tightly  the   hn»  I 

slowly  raises  his  arm :  hia  mrmth  i^  vumyi 
but  hia  face  is  as  cahu  as  ever.     A  ftiw 
a*head  of  us  a  wave  acema  to  sw.  11  -Au^vt 
others— *' Whiz  "—at  the  verv 
catch  sight  of  the  whale's  barl 
the  water,  the  harjwon  is  in  it  t ; 
deep,  hurled  by  the  unerriag  arii  ■. 

harpooner. 

Tlje  red  blood  of  the  monster  <rw*ihe4*  fn 
"  incamadinina;  '*  (i\s  Macbeth  sn 
"  Back  water,    shouts  the  hai  | 
whale  writhes  with  the  pnin,  : 
huge  body  about  with  foi'ce  1 1 
mcrgo  twenty  of  our  little  crafi..  ... 
But  he  has  pliuiged  do\\ni  agiiin  1 
surface,  anvl  tlie  pace  at  which  he  1 1 
may  judge  of,  by  the  wonderiid  rapiility  >vitii 
which  the  line  attached  to  the  luupoou  runi 
over  the  Ixjwb  of  the  l»oat.    Now,  tuo,  y«l 
see  the  use  of  the  boy  who  is  baling  walcT' 
from  the  sea  in  a  small  bucket,  mu\  \y*mnnf^ 


■hrt' 


lb. 


A  LAMENT  TOR  THE  FAIRIES, 


H  lUMwmlJv  OTcr  the  oiIj^b  of  the  boat 
vbori  tlie  luH)  ruiLs,  or  in  two  minutea  the 
voald  set  fire  to  it. 
Ym  begin  <<»  ikink  the  uhale  ia  never 
bock ;  brat  the  crew  kuow  better. 
ibocif  Ibe  liiic  u  running  out  more  slowly 
trmrj  ixMteni :  it  r«iUM^  jJtogether  now,  and 


aP9  n^  tcvr  Iname])t^ 
iiw  liKrpooiier  is  g»n 
4iilf  4^  ihft  JAv^Uika.     I  i 
akacrr-"  *^  -"^  the  harp' 
«tlf  Tli«  hn 

Itmt  he  Ls  not 

mhttm,    V 
A  irtifr— »?« 


tVn*   font's  si»io 


Ho  is 
Thei-o 
whicL 


Wi 


^  ...  ,jje 
i«— the 

"  Fiiii  again  boys  '* 

■\-Z  in  th«?  line  as  &at 

jw.    Agnin 

hftrpooaer 

I.  o  the  creatnre'a 

last.    Suddenly, 

:  rw:Lriii.      No    need     of 

s  now  :  we  are  ^viiig  him 

■  '  c;u«,  yet  he  ia  taking 

r   the'  rate  of  twenty 

«»ne  would  ^cy 

velins  have  only 

lood  he  hAa  lost 

strength.    Not 

r«3  now  :  we  *re 

the  water. 

and  we   jippit>aoh  ; 

i-ivolin    pierce    him. 

I   B(»ek  revenge.     He 

-what  can  Bave  u»1 

ries  the  barpooner,  while 

"'  ♦he  hint  at  the  same 

of  his  onr  (he  little 

f  f-urvet  baekwarda, 

t  ug  unharming, 

pT'Oner,  cool   aa 

i    deep   into 

.113  imjKitent 

<    lull   well,   Ixxlea    a 

it.    The  rtd  I) lood  ia 

V    *      -^       as 


Vol  0^1 

wh 
T 
he 
lh« 
le».r 
be. 
Ini 

on  bis  tl 

In  two  II! 

for  shlpmeut  lo   iiiiglnnd. 
which  linni  his  m<«nth,   a? 
whjltfbon*.   t3  Triv^ 
h0Rm  nri^'^iy  \f ,    U 


.:  :--^  . '...^.  --.^.__  ,  -__--  lie 

tc«    on    the   water — and    the 

'I  bini,  and 
le,  opyjosite 
•  jwd  is  col- 
■  l  u])  on  the 


uses    to   wifieh 

(jta  by 
onring 


ii&  landmarks  on  the  different  farma  about  the 
countrj*,  for  which  purpoae  they  are  arlmi- 
riibly  adapted.  Meauwhile  our  friend  the 
harpooner  and  his  crew  are  r'^ui^^in-  nn  their 
laurels,  and  looking  out  for  ;  while 

the   proprietor  of  the   estut  ia  live 

hundred  pounds  the  richer  from  thia  ^*  catch- 
ing a  whale." 


A  LAMENT  POR  THE  FAmiES. 

BEAttTiruL  fictionii  of  our  trusting  youth, 

(Visions  we  eigh  that  we  have  only  drenmod  ! ) 

When  Fancy  mocked  the  eearching  gaso  of  Trnth, 
And  the  whole  earth  with  bright  endnntmentB 
teemed: 

How  have  we  loved  to  forest  ^lade?  to  flee ; 

By  haunted  etroama  (m  tbonght)  to  take  our 
stand ; 
To  watch  you  circling  round  tho  greenwood  treo» 

Or  trace  your  gambols  on  the  moonht  stmiid  I 

Or,  when  in  gorgeouB  panoply  arrayed, 
To  grace  some  pageant  of  tbo  Elfin  Qucon^ 

You  pricked  along,  a  gallant  CAMnlcade, 
Faulting  the  verdant  turf  a  Uvelior  green  ! 

Nor  laaa  we  loved  you^  when^  with  pitying  air, 
And  hand  beneficent,  around  you  ehowerod 

Gifts,  might  the  world'a  and  nature's  spite  repair. 
And  leave  the  homeliest  miuden  doubly  dowered. 

But  the  bright  realm  of  Fairyland  is  gone ; 

Its  iria-iintod  troin  hath  passed  away  ; 
And  Ariel,  Mab»  Titonio,  OberOQ, 

But  graoo  tho  painter  ^  Bcone,  or  poet's  ky. 

E>n  f*uck,  dear  imp  of  mischief  and  of  mirth, 
"  O'er  bUl  and  dale/*  at  length  bath  ooased  to 
rango  ; 
Though  long^ored  ''Bottoms"  cumber  atill  the 
earth. 
Whose  "  aasea'  nowls  "  be  is  not  htr^lochasiga ! 

Tho  "  Sword  of  Sluirpness  **  is  no  longer  keen  ; 

The  '*  Seven  League  Boots  *'  we  dibtonee  now,  at 
will; 
Omr  solo  surviving  "  Giant  '*  ia  the  8pleen, 

Whichj  we,  like  David,  with  a  stone  can  kill !  * 

No  more,  no  more,  upon  tho  velvet  mead. 
On  nmihroom  tables  arc  your  banquota  spread  ; 

No  more  with  flying  feet  the  dance  you  speed. 
Till  dimming glow-worms  hint  'tia  time  for  bod  t 

No  "  fiiby  &vour8  ^  now  reward  the  fmr  t 

Nor  pearls  nor  diamond  ire  told; 

No  elfin  matron  makes  L' 

With  puzao  exhauatlcs^  .li..^-  ...-i-  ^wi  v  gold. 

Tour  un?ocn  aid,  like  angel-help,  in  vain, 
Tho  toil-worn  hind  may,  in  Ma  strait^  implore ,* 

The  "  slmdowj'  flail  "  to  oaae  his  tssk  will  imk 
Ita  stalwart  blows  in  his  behoof  no  more  ! 

Virtue  no  longer,  in  her  sorest  nced«> 
ISy  fairy  hands  is  rescued  from  her  thrall ; 

And  rampant  Vice,  how  dark  soe'er  his  deeds. 
Your  wellHsamed  frowns  may  now  uo  bioX: 
appal ! 

•  Green  ia  hta  exivlliait  pc«n,  "  Thu  Spleep,*'  mjtjs- 

•  FUng  ^t  a  rtona,  ^fl»  ^^*a^  «!«a^ 


Tbe  nipexfitiiJoiM  sweet  tlut  cluuinod  our  yoath  ; 

Tbe  Wigo  belkf  that  bftde  iu  still  dtcftZD  on ; 
Th»  dear  illuaon^  wo  mt&took  for  tmtli ; 

Tbe  "  shaping  power  **  that  giwe  them  grace— 
oro  fliawol 

Vet  iheie  fiur  fictioas  of  ow  earlier  day 
Wo  have  but  cfajiuged  for  guides  less  kiml  and 
bland; 

The  glittering  cheats  that  lead  ui  now  astray, 
Are  £ih<or  far  than  ihoee  of  Fouy  Laud  ! 

Lore,  Friendflhip,  Hope,  Ambition,  Glory,  Ptidej 

AlL  ignia-^tuue-like,  by  tui  j 
But  when  we  follow,  make  a  ^ 

Wliere  fielda  are  dank,  aod  i -  ...^dxnw  their 

light  1 

T       '        ts  Btill,  aa  they  were  wont  of  yore, 
love  to  Mcv  legends  ding ; 

TL.  .- IS  half-dispeUed,  for  they  no  more 

"  Believe  the  magic  wonders  that  they  sing  !  ** 

Tet,  till  the  Muse  firom  earth  ia  driven  away. 
And  young  Bomanco  hath  broken  too  ha-  wand ; 

Will  elfin  lore  stiU  grace  the  poet'a  lay. 
And  his  hcart'ii  homo  bo  Btiil  in  Fairyland  ! 


GUNPOWDER  AND  CHALK. 

Sib  VALBSTons  a^TEAs  wm  a  worthy 
gentleman,  who  had  made  a  large  fortune  by 
GOiiBtantly  exporting  Iriah  llDena  and  lawns 
to  France  (from  whence  tBey  came  oyer  to 
England  as  fine  French  goods),  for  which 
service  to  the  trade  of  the  three  comitries  a 
dJBcemb^  miniJitcr  had  obtaine^l  liim  tbe 
honour  of  knighthood.  This  fortune  he  had 
in  part  expended  in  building  for  himself  a 
great  mansion  on  the  ae&'Coaat  of  Kent,  com- 
manding a  fine  view  of  the  country  from  the 
back  windows,  and  the  great  ocean  from  the 
front.  Every  room  on  the  first  and  second 
floors  was  furnished  with  a  brass  telescope, 
thnt  could  be  screwed  on  to  the  window-aasb^ 
or  by  means  of  a  pedestal,  into  the  window -silL 

In  the  front  of  his  house  was  a  great  field, 
in  which  he  and  his  visitors  used  to  play  at 
cricket.  It  was  bounded  by  the  high,  white 
chalk  cliffs,  which  descended  precipitously  to 
the  sea. 

The  diflBt  however,  were  unfortunately  much 
undermined  by  natural  caverns  ;  so  that  every 
yefir,  and,  iu  fnct,  every  time  there  was  a 
storm  at  sea,  a  large  portion  of  the  chalk- 
rock  fell  down,  and  in  the  course  of  six  or  seven 
yeiu-B  he  was  obliged  to  rail  off  as  "dan- 
gerous" a  ^>art  of  the  ^eady  reduced  field 
m  tmnt  of  his  house.  He  couM  now  only  play 
at  trap-ball,  or  battledore  and  shuttle-cock. 

Still  the  sea  continued  its  encroachment*, 
and  in  a  few  yeai^  more  the  tra|>-ball  was  all 
over,^ — it  was  too  periloun,  even  if  tiny  liad 
not  coutinuaily  lost  the  ball, — and  he  and  his 
60US  were  reduced  to  a  game  at  long-taw, 
aud  hop-acotch. 

Clearly  perceiving  that  in  the  coume  of 
A  few  veara  raoro  his  field  t.ports  would  be 
limited'  to  spinning  a  tee-totura  before  his 
front  door,  ne  engaged  the  services  of  an 


eminent  architect  and  civil  enciJii'^^r  i. 
him  a  sea-wall  to  prev^^nt  the  ft  i 
ment  of  the  enemy.  The  estiiii 
waa  fi^-e  thaosand  pounds.  and»  m  »  inatikT  *4 
course,  the  work,  by  the  time  it  waa  fituiilM«lf 
cost  ten  thousand.  Thia  was  tiearix  aa  mu^ 
aa  Sir  Yakntine  8altear  had  paid  for  tbe 
building  of  his  house. 

But  uie  worat  pan  of  the  buidneia  was,  thai 
the  verj  next  atorm  which  occiirped  at  sea,, 
and  only  a  few  weeks  afu»r,  the  waves  dashed 
down,  and  fairly  caiTied  nwav  tli'.-  whole  ol 
this  protective  walL    In  > 

dean  gone,  as  though  no  -  :>  i 

been  Siere,  and  a  great  juitUticfnal  eap  wad 
made  in  the  cliff,  plainly  showing  that  the 
watery  monster  was  auite  bent  on  swallowing 
up  Sir  Yalentine^s  house.    He  broudht  an 
action  for  the  recovery  of  the  money  he  1  '  \ 
paid  for  his  wall ;  but  while  this  was  pen>i 
he  saw  his  hnise  being  underr^'' "-i  '"'•■  ^^>^ 
to  day,  and    in  sheer   deapa 
obliged  to  apply  to  a  still  mor> 
engineer.    The  estimate  thi.s  gentieman  in 
for  the  construction  of  a  sea-wall — 'jne  t  ..  . 
would  stand — was  ten  thousand  pounds.    It 
might  be  a  few  pounds  more,  or  lass — prob- 
abh'  less.    But  the  recent  exfjerience  of  Sir 
Yalentine  making  him   fear  tb.'vt  it  would 
probably  be  double  that  amount,  be  heutated 
as  to  engaging  the  services  of  this  gentleman. 
He  even  thoTi:^ht  of  sending  over  to  Ireland 
for  fifty  bricklayers,  carpenters,  and  masons^ 
and  superintending  the  work  himself.    He 
was  sure  he  could  do  it  for  six   thousand 
pounds.    It  never  once  occurred  to  him  to 
pull  down  his  house^  and  rebuild  it  on  high 
ground  a  quarter  of  a  mile  farther  otf. 

In  this  dangerous  yet  undecided  state  of 
affairs.  Sir  Yalentine  one  morning,  breakfast- 
ing at  his  club  in  Waterloo  Plnce,  read  in  a 
newMiMiper  a  notice  of  the  grand  mining  oper- 
ation ajid  explosion  that  was  to  take  iilace  at 
Seaford,  the  object  of  wliicU  was  to  throw 
down  an  immense  mass  of  chalk  cliff,  the 
broken  fi"agmenta  whereof  would,  at  a  com- 
panitely  Binall  co«t,  form  a  sea-wall,  at  an 
elevation  of  about  one-fil'th  the  heidit  of  the 
parent  rock.  Why,  here  was  Sir  \  alentine*8 
own  case  !  Hi.s  house  was  up<jn  a  very  high 
chalk  rock,  and  a  sea-wall  of  one-fifth  the 
height  wotild  answer  every  purpose.  The 
only  difficulty  was  his  pesent  proximity  to  the 
edge  of  tlie  cliff.  Still,  he  thought  he  could 
spare  thirty  feet  or  so.  without  losing  liis  dooi 
stef>a,  and  this  width  (>eing  exploded  down  to 
the  base  of  the  uliU;  would  constitute,  by 
its  faU,  a  very  capitil  mound  of  protraction 
which  might  1,'tst  for  a  century  or  more.  He 
therefore  determined  to  see  the  explosion  at 
Sej^ford,  .'md  if  it  proved  successfulj  to  adopt 
the  very  saiue  f jlan. 

Sir  Valentine,  accordingly,  on  the  nine- 
teenth of  Septonil>er,  awallowetl  un  eai'ly  cu{i  ot 
chocolate,  funl  hurried  off  to  the  lirighton 
i-ailway  tennintia,  and  touk  hi^  pLaco  in  the 
Express  train  for  Nt  whaven.    It  wjls  a  retom- 


GUNPOWDER  AND  CHALK. 


61 


r  waich  he  paitl  the  sum  of 

^ii  Kvi^iiT-sJon  traiD 

n-ticket, 

;  but  Sir 

tiiat  it  wuulJ  at  on  at  every 

uid  mi^ht  not  be  m  time 

iuid  pnidently  chosen  the 

ce  ;  immt'lv.  one  poimd 

nta    of  the   I 

:•-<'»  tr    ill  u  1 1 1 II »[t."' 

Fii  -  ^ ;  but  there 

money. 

liU  I  1,  thoiigh  an 

AT.    WLeii  it 

18  all  had  to 

11  wliich  vrns 

JbLSt  a  train  arrived.    It 

fnU! 

Blr  Valentme^  "  why,  I  have 

re*s  !^ — ^fipBt-class— one  [x>imd 

this  long  train  was.    Pre- 

"ShoQt.-'l  n'Tt   that  thc^re  was 

in  a  s-  rarrin^e. 

6ne!*">  ^ir   ViUentine, 

fpre^iin^'tr  in  a  threatening 

giiani!,  and  jumped   in.     In 

hy  no  means  in  a  huny,  the 

lin  amviftd. 

blr  Vali:;   '  1  denmndevl  of 

he   I  ir   it    was  to 

lu't  know  !  to 
inient  and  contcin|>t  of  the 
1 1,.  -  l..,l  the  next  person; 
I!  t  the   very  least 

him  at  the  "tap." 
>ked  on  all  sides   to  see  if 
flif>,  or  vel»icles  of  any 
ul  in  a  group  at 
^diat  fownrd«  them  at 

ig-  ftfriik^^a   f'         ^       ■   .d  over- 
liieition  a*  to  tl).  allowing 

IxiwUnz —    I  wo  Hiilea  aa  a 
umr  tnWv*  l»y  the  road ! — two 
! — four' by  the  ro-o-o-o ! " 
the    vehir.lca,   the  knight 
of  them  either  euj?aged,  or 
rn\W  aa  a  matter  of  favour 
admitted   as    ^one   over  the 
u>  iu-»ideof  a  ftnudi  van  without 
bcsadp  tin**  h«»t  and  crushing, 
hraught  and 

series  of 
lie  of  ve- 
rpentine 
while  a 
ere  de- 
roas  the 
imblin 


ing  around,  to^Tther  witli  booths  and  wheel* 
bariowa,  set  out  with  appke.  rmf^  Jrf.i.-l  5i»,.l 
cheeee,  and  gingerbeer  of  a   | 
stream.      Sir    valentine  havirt  i 

early,  hajstily,  and  lightly,  was  by  this  time — 
a  quarter  to  two — extremely  aharp  set ;  he 
endeavoured,  therefore,  to  m.<%ke  his  way  into 
the  house  to  get  a  bottle  of  stout  and  some 
or  cold  beef  for  luncheon.  But  after  ten 
N^4*  continuous  efforta,  he  found  he  waa 
M.n  l*etween  the  door-postn^  and  the  noiay, 
choked-np  window  of  the  "bar"  as  fai-  from 
his  hopes  as  ever.  He  abandon'"!  t)u-  .♦t.^-iTipt 
in  diaguflt — but  not  without  a  3  iira* 

self  to  a  seafkiing  man  who  wa.s  ^  with 

his  hands  in  his  pockets,  lookimr  on . — 

"  Is  this  sense  ? "  said  the  ^ight.  *I>> 
you  call  this  common  sense  ?  Do  you  thtuk 
you  are  acting  with  any  mor«  reason  than  a 
dog  possesses,  to  treat  the  public  in  this  way  ? 
Then,  your  own  interest — look  at  it  !*'  fpoiiit- 
inff  to  the  crowd  st niggling  in  the  door- way), 
"  If  you  had  any  foresight,  or  a  hea^^l  for  the 
commonest  arrangements,  would  you  nr>t  have 
a  barrel  of  ale  on  wheels  outside  nere  ? " 

The  sea- faring  man  swung  roimd  on  his 
heel  with  a  smfle,  and  Sir  Valentine^  liaving 
made  his  way  into  the  field,  obtained  six 
pennyworth  of  gingerbread  and  a  dozen  of 
small  a]iple9.  with  which  provender  he  in  some 
sort  reiived  his  exliausted  frame.  Ho  now 
bustled  on  towai*fls  the  fwt  of  a  broken  em- 
bankment leading  up  to  a  lofty  rising  ground, 
the  summit  being  the  cliffs,  a'large  portion  ot 
which  was  shortly  to  be  detached,  and  thrown 
down  bv  the  explosion  of  a  mine.  Tlie  i>art 
to  1)6  f)Iown  off  was  marked  out  by  broad 
belts  of  white^  where  the  chalk  ha»l  l»et'ii 
thrown  up,  which  raatle  an  imi>o8iug  appcu-- 
ance  even  on  the  distant  heiffht**. 

The  sun  slione  bri^htlv.  All  over  the  fiehls 
and  fallow  ground  that  lay  between  the  halt- 
iiig-phice  just  described,  and  tlie  foot  of  the 
steep  mount,  the  visitors  were  scatteivd, — 
pedestrians,  with  here  ami  thern?  a  horstenian: 
si^ht -seers, — ^the  old  and  the  young — men  of 
science  from  various  parts  of  the  wnrld, — 
infantry  soldiers,  sappers  and  miners,  laiiies 
and  gentlemen,  sailors,  marines,  c«>untry 
people,  milway  labourers,  policenieu,  lx>^s 
and  girls,  and — fax  in  the  rear  of  nll^  with  dis- 
approving looks — two  or  tliree  oUl  women  in 
spectacles.  Renovate«i  by  liis  gingerbread 
and  apples.  Sir  Valentine  made  his  way  man- 
fully up  the  steep  gnis^'  ascent  of  the  hill, — 
chalk  mountain,  it  might  be  mt>i*e  pn/perly 
termed, — and,  in  the  course  of  a  q\iarterof  an 
hour,  he  found  himself  at  the  spot  whei-e  the 
exploHion  was  to  take  place. 

It  was  a  tolerably  level  surface,  of  some 
hundred  yards  in  dialneter-  Trans^-orse  belts 
of  excavated  chalk,  with  sevend  trenches  and 
pits  half  tilled  up,  marked  out  the  huge  frag- 
ment of  the  solid  raxss  which  w.'w  to  be  ?epi<- 
i*ated.  The  boundary  w?ifi  further  indicated 
by  sm.all  flagstaff^,  and  aW>  \>y  »txvl^tve\»,^';\vi 


W6r»  stolid*  I  pre  vented  any  of  tiie  vlnvWra  tvovftUeaY^^^^^^o 


r« 


i  a 
on, 
Is, 


an  the  datigcroTia  grouad,  wl  t        i  ^^^^ 

tliQY  all  bail  a  lialWelicLi  ^h 

to  pcnujibiilate,  aud  to  f^'^^\  ;  i  to 

be  uloTAij  to  atoina  by  u  mm  ■  :      .  in. 

Ikmeatli  the  ^uirt  nnikL  1  .'i  'v  lii.  tli;;- 
niaffs  ajiiJ  Bflntinela,  at  a  ijrcat  dcptJ\  iii  tbii^ 
tiudk  track,  were  burtwl  many  thousand 
(the  Brighton  Herald  mtXd  twuiity-suvcn  Ihon- 

rtd  •)  j^>onnda  of  g:unix>u'iicr,  distributed  in 
dii'  nnl>crs  and  galleries,  one  commu- 

Iii  ;i  nuother  by  Tii(ian8  of  a  platina 

\»uri\  I  iiLs  Mire  wixa  carried  up  through  the 
ix>ck  liita  a  liltlu  wooden  hous*;,  iii  wliieh 
certain  cUeiiiical  myBteries  wore  bcin;;;  ^secretly 
CWTiGil  oh  by  ungineer  ofticcrs.  Uliore  was 
a  little  wiiiilow  iji  frout,  out  of  which  the 
snyeterious  oflicer  now  ami  theu  half  thnist 
his  head, — looked  out  with  profound  gi'avity 
«pon  the  belts  of  chaik  ou  tlie  space  before 
him,  aud,  witbout  appearing  to  sec  any  of  tlie 
cro^vding  visitors,  withdrew  from  the  w  iudow. 
Presently  another  oflicer  cjuue,  and  did  the 
siiJiie-  "Come  like  bhwlows,"  muttered  Sir 
Vnientine,  "  so  depart !  " 

But,  wishing  that  iJiey  might  "show  hi« 
eyes  "  the  inyatenous  opemtiona  in  the  little 
woimIcu  hoiist^  however  grievous  it  might  be 
to  his  fceliaga,  our  anxious  knight  hurried 
i-ound  to  the  back,  where  he  took  it  for 
granted  there  M'as  aome  means  of  entrajice,  as 
lie  had  seen  uo  otlicer  get  Ln  at  the  v.iudow. 
He  WM  right.  There  was  a  small  narrow 
door  of  plauks,  with  a  sentry  atandiuf  beft^re 
It,  who  wore  a  f^l    ' '       "  '  iniport- 

aiicc.  And  now, :  ctaeles 

approached,  and  urMu-.i,  i..  m.  .-Lijiujel,  who 
ta])ped  at  the  door.  The  dour  was  uidockei.1, 
and  the  favoured  mari  of  science  entered. 
Tlirough  the  closing  door,  Sir  Valentiue 
caught  sight  of  a  sort  of  long,  sliapeleas  tal>le, 
covered  irith  chemical  iiistniment^  and  uten- 
Bik» — in  short,  an  apparatuH  excitinj,'  great 
Cttrioaity.  The  door  closed,  just  as  Sir  Valen- 
tine handed  up  his  cai*d  to  the  aentinel.  The 
door  was  openecl  again, — his  card  given  in  ; 
flomebody  took  it,  and  it  seemed  to  ny  over  a 
rowof  small  wldte  porcelain  painters'  psdh'tte^y 
standing  raid-deep  in  water,  and  then  dirsap- 
pvarod,  ai  tho  door  was  suddenly  tL  *si  i1  .I'^ain. 
A  voice  witliin  wrwa  heanl  to  aay.  Iv, 

*'I  really  am  afndd  we  can't  be  -i  ' 

"Cant  you!"  exclaimed  Sir  Vaieutine, 
addreasiu";  hlniBclf  to  a  sei'X'ant  girl,  with  a 
child  in  her  arms,  who  was  trying  tu  L'ct  a 
l>eep  in  at  the  door : — "  Cwi't  you,  indcenl  I 
What  treatment  do  you  call  this?  Do  yon 
think  guiitlemen  would  take  the  trouble  tu 
come  ifown  here,  such  a  distance,  and  up  her  ■ 
such  a  ht'i:.'la,  if  thoy  did  not  e.vjwct  ti> 
all  tliat  could  (Wflaibly  be  aeon  '(  la  this  V" 
duty  to  tlie  public  who  |m'8  you?  \\Uy 
simuld  you  conoeid  any  thing  from  me  |  A  in 
I  not  apei-son  of  aullicitnt  wwdtli  and  ri^spec- 
tabilitY  to  bo  allowed  to  know  of  all  your 
doings  up  here  !  ^Tiat  brings  you  her«>  but 
the  public  service?  Who  m  your  master ? 
tell  me  that  ?  ** 


«E^       '  '     ^'      ^  ^^  vr;3rd,"iuMwetisdll» 
girl,  ^.  but  I  don'^t 

abit'i,  ....,,  .-.  .,.,..^. wa!" 

Bir  Valentine  brushed  past  the  gixl  wiik 

a   "T*>wli.    r.-li;iw  ^  *"      ()L;^<r\ni"    it    \irrut 

p  1  .'u!t!  J  il.1  ti  U  trti   t>  ci  uc  '^.  '  dt 

and  foimd  that  it  w;l  '  *n 

It  became  important  tu  ticcuic  oh  ; 
ad  van  tageouH  place  to  take  up  a  p* 
onler  u.*  have  the  best  view   of  lb'      ::  .: 
explusion.     Some  of  the  vis-itors — in    i:.    ,  • 

COILsit  1-^1-1 1-1  ■•    --••'■' — 1"-l     •■'■ 1-'^     '        - 

veiy  I 

upwai     .  _  -^,  ..  - 

distance  of  a  hundred  anii  two  biuir 

dred    yards    beyond    the  lia     apot 

Another  crowd  took  their  poatii  «4;  ikbout  Uit 
same  distance  below  the  £iital  9|v-rt.  eadk 
crowd  being  widely  scatterod,  V  -x  m, 

each  being  nearest,  the  moiit  t  fm«» 

thest  off.     Another  ci       '  :  tian   w.'oj 

largfflt  by  iar — liad  *'  lo  th«s 

to  see,  from  below,  the  i.i.i.  oi  iha  c"i*cjtt 
of  lody  rock.    Many  lukd  taken  ixtaiSy 
rowed,  or  aaiknl  out,  to  behold  it  fi-om  & 
directly  opposite,  yet  safer  portion. 

Now,  Sir  Valentine  Saltear,  bein^  a 
tluLsiast  in  sight-seeing,  had  not  the  leatft 
doubt  but  the  way  realTy  to  enjoi/  the  thii^ 
would  be  to  stand  u}>un  tlie  portion  of  Ibt 
cliff  that  was  to  be  throvt^i  down ;  and^  lea]iii|( 
from  crack  to  crack,  and  from  maaa  to  maa^ 
aa  it  majestically  descended,  reach  b^*  tUii 
means  the  sea^  into  which  a  good  dive  fbr- 
waiiln  would  render  your  escape  from  danger 
comparatively  safe  aud  easy.  On  serosyd 
tlioughta,  however,  he  uaw  that  it  was  praca- 
rioua,  because  if  tlie  charge  of  powder  wcr«  ia 
excess  of  the  weight  to  be  separated,  a  great 
mass  of  fragments  might  fly  upwaids  'fnto  (hr 
air,  and  who  could  aay  but  one  of  thi 
be  the  verj'  place  on  which  he  hii 
standing  1  He,  therefore,  cotit'  i 
with  advancing  to  the  extreni 
clilT,  and  peering  over  upon  the  i  t^nM  i>A 
The  heigJit  was  protligious ;  the  civtwd* 
w/dking  about  below  were  of  pigmy  size.  Th* 
lH>at3  tnat  were  hovering  about  on  the  em 
looked  no  bigger  than  mussel  shells.  Sir 
Vjdeutiue  ouce  thought  of  going  out  in  a 
boat,  but  immediately  recolleclii|g  that  by 
doing  BO  he  should  lose  the  flnc  effect  of  tht 
tiijniblmg  of  the  eai-th,  he  at  once  abandoned 
the  idea,  Ifhemountctl  above  the  sctue  •/ 
surtiun  he  should  lose  the  gi^audeur  of  the 
•  •  - -Tit  of  the  ma^  ;  if  he  8too<ion  the  mount 
ir  distance  below  it,  he  couLl  not  see 
nface  crack  and  gape,  tht rngli  h»'  l,i.'^^ 
be  ♦^xpt>sc^<l  Uj  flying  fr«^mcnts.  lie,  ' ' 
decideil  forthwith  on  goiu^  down  to  th 
and  accQixlingly  he  hurried  along  the  gmssy 
r1o^>o,  nud  t\\on  mnde  his  wny  do\m  a  pro- 
«■-  '■  in  the  saiwl  hiU  below. 


tttling  and  limping  ovci" 


GUNTOWDER  AND  CHALK. 


63 


kqit  liiH 


a  XDomeut 


oa  to 

1,  «-iLh 

.  iiu  one 

i^  imtj  Wiis  ver_y 

dark  crow<1  of 


of  til  .nu  being  at  lenst 
Mid  bftlf  oC 

VlUaAtlBe,  After  mi  cxruuination  of  all 
Cff  the  CTisp,  rlytted  to  have  a 


in  tin;  ^ 

thst  til*  esi< 

',     inn*'  tbOr  WHY,  rLL 
(I    ftJVhfl  l««ik«^  roc 
troii  Ibc  iiataat  It^  .> 
of  fr^i^imcaiU  iu  Ums  air 

not  be  »Xil^  to  rctnf.it   \ 


lo  tlie  flagstAtT; 

thf  possibility 

ud   up   a   jcireat 

jht  come  riyin^j 

'    rg  by  their 

ecu  re  a  re- 

■i-'-i"  -1 1 

I 


r  d.v.tn  for 

r.     A 

•ntriea 

lisc^^riiL**!  hy  the 


ULi  I  nu.ir  ut 

*    upon  tho 

,.rv    month 


ail  wna  mienc 


itftmk,  .  I 

loat  upAu  ihv 

■iMlMiMke  inst.Mitiy  rt»i^e.  .'iud  obacureil 


knows  but  more  ciitf  may  be  coming  ilomi. 
Iu  the  course  *>(  h:Uf  n  mliiate  the  cloud  of 
dtiflt  had  sufficiently  liifiyicrsed  itAP.lf  to  reudt*r 
the  fullen  ni;i8s  vi«ibJo.  It  formed  tx  &ort 
of  ilouble  hill  about  one-fifth  of  the  heijLjht 
of  the  rocks  alH>ve,  the  iuter  hill  neaicia  the 
e^A  (\v\u  ^  ^  '  !  •'  '  .  ,d  Atid  sliouldem 
of  the  fi  for  the  L'ujrest. 

It   waa   4.  ..,  •'^•^  <»f  all   sljstia, 

from  amnll  i  up  to  huge 

blocks  of  cll;^     ,  \\<er(*  two  or 

three  feet  in  thickiieaa,  iiitemiixtxl  vrith  m&^SM 
of  tlie  upper  crtist,  having  grass  upon  iho 
uf»per  enrfaccj. 

TowaRia  this  Larger  hill  of  broken  miuaea  oi 
chalk,  the  frout  rank  of  the  crowd  Iwlow,  ou 
the  bti&ch,  now  I'ushisd,  But  after  a  few 
yards,  they  ftgnin  Htomictl  alirufitly,  brin^litg 
every  bo<ly  behiuil  tJtt;iii  biunp  up  agAlBSt 
their  bocks.  Anain,  tit '^'  " -^  -i  '■■■•'  ^-^vft^ 
iii^Hy,  wlien  middciily  a  A 

T'l-k  detached  itself  ft      .  ,        i       .uc 

\ug  doMm.     Back  rushed  the  front  line, — a 

iiic  took    place,  nnd   thousands   retreated, 

till  they  found    the    elilf  was    not    ootniug 

ntU»r  thvm,  when  they  gradually  drew  op, 

'd  about,  and  ixjturaetl  to  the  oniict    At 

.;th   it    b<«(mmc   a  complete    charge:  the 

ut  rank  made  directly  for  ^'  V  broken 
lud,  in  the  face  of  clouds  chalk' 

1  ',  nvsl  fritrly  carricil  it  by  iir--,.iuii. — luount- 
ii^  \r(  iMK'kA,  or  picking  their  way  round 
.Lin  ut  ii  .  Ixs,  or  between  several  blocka, 
and  tbiYjD^di  roII  masses  of  chalk,  and  so 
npwarda  to  the  top, — two  soldiers,  three 
iiatlors,  a  lx)y,  and  Sir  Valentine,  l>eing  the 
lirat  who  reachetl  it.  Thereupon  they  aet 
up  a  Cihortt  of  victory%  which  was  eclioed 
by  thousan«ls  fixim  below.  Fifty  or  sixty 
more  were  soon  up  af%«r  them ;  mvl  one 
enthnsLxst,  who  luyl  a  very  clever  little 
brown  horse  "-'-rMv  contrived  to  lead 
him  up  to  t  d  then  mounted  him, 

amidst  the  ]>- jI  tlie  delighted  heroes 

who  surrounded  him.  Kvcrj'  body,  horse  and 
all.  waa  covered  v^ith  the  continual  rain  of 
chalk-dust.  The  herooi  were  all  &8  white  aa 
millers. 

It  was  aJmost  aa  difficult  to  de«c?end  as  it 

had  bfon  fn  ^et  up.     However,  Sir  Valentine 

■     :  this  with  I  '         '      '  ic 

^^\i^  wny  li:  !ie 

!       I.<1       U|t_'       lUtlC     "public,  »!Ul       llllLUl,     U> 

lire  a  fijv  or  nlher  cunveyancc,  before  they 

■  ■.o  ill  ..j^'iMi I ;ii-,l  \\\'  the  nuT'^"'''"^  1""  '^-'"1  left 

beaeh.     ^  t>« 

4v;^ed,     ih  ds 

hastily,  and  was  lortnnate  enough  Lo  ovprtnke 

n  large  pleasure-cart,  into  which  he  got,  and, 

'T  suffering  the  vexation  of  seeing  o\'ery 

jicle  pass  them,  he  at  length  arrived  at  the 

JNewhaven  railway  st5it>i<m. 

There,  every  \io<\y  Nvaa  vii  cooSuaVan,  w\\t5» 


64 


HOrSEHOLD  WORDa 


I 
I 


JnlorTniitinn  about  the  Express-ti-ain  —  for 
vbidi  Sir  Valentine  had  a  return  ticket — 
eoald  be  obtained  itom  any  body.  Nobody 
knew  any  thinj^.  Meaatiiue  the  crowd  Wgau 
to  incraafie  twofold. 

Sir  Yalentme  was  dying  with  thirst  He 
Uftde  his  way  into  a  large  w^ting-room,  and 
aaw  laottles'of  wine,  and  atoiit,  and  so^Ia- 
waltr,  bobbing  and  sailing  OTi^r  {Kvples' 
lieada;  but  It  was  in  vain  to  try  oiul  get 
near  the  window ;  and  as  to  waiters,  not  a 
fellow  or  shadow  of  the  kind  was  to  be  found. 
He  waa  recommendeil  to  "  try  the  tap  '*  out- 
aideu  Here  it  was  still  worse — ^though  eoinc 
fortunate  indlvidiuJa  had,  nevertlieless,  con- 
trived to  get  drank.  Sir  Valentine  held  up' a 
ahillin^  in  the  air  for  a  glaa»  of  {wrter,  till  nia 
ana  waa  ready  to  drop  off;  and  then  he 
abandoned  all  hope. 

eric  i  r  who  waa  lean* 

ifig  H;  wall: — "You 

W2utt   to  -i'-y  \^itU  all  your  aouJa; 

and  yuu  ..  apid  to  know*  how^  when 

the  money  ia  ieady  to  be  Uiro^ra  into  your 
nuMitiia.  "Look  at  your  tap,  there  1  Look  at 
all  iham  struegliiig  outnde.  Why  ahoold 
not  a  beer-caa^/ as  eaaily  aa  a  watei^cask,  be 
set  on  a  truck  and  wheeled  out  here — two  or 
three  of  them — and  ao  accomuodate  the 
f  iililic  and  take  all  the  money  that  could  be 

•hI  ?  But  no  ;  not  you  /  not  y^u  /  You 
v>  ii  Bome  cleirer  Frenchman  or  German,  to 
come  and  show  you  the  way  —  the  smple 
means — and  then  you'll  bawl  and  acream 
:  ""Hi   for^gnan   coining    and  taking  the 

>'l  out  of  your  mouth  !    Here  have  I,  for 


11  <i  iji 
the 

to  ft 

Ti 
time 


le  sonnded  from  the  rail  way  nlat- 
Valentine  hurried  away  Irom 
iarmer,  who  had  juat  awoke 
(be  geatlemau  waa  mad. 
1  on  the  platform  had  by  thia 
t4enfold.  A  long  train  of  car- 
rtagea  waa  there — and  on  the  nno  or  rail  on 
tb?  other  «ide,  lher«  was  another.  But 
t  mid  tell  Sir  Valtintine  which  was 

I  .^-train.    Thia  stat«  of  things  ecu- 

tuiuL^i  at  Icaat  a  quarter-of-anhour  beyond 
the  time  when  the  Esprea&^train  ought  to 
have  atarted.  At  lengtn  a  luilway  officer 
waa  able  sufficiently  to  collect  himself  t<i 
liaten  to  Sir  Valentme,  and  inform  him  that 
Uu  wifl  the  Expreaa  which  waa  now  going. 
Up  and  down  atru^^L'lf  I  Sir  Valentlae  amid^ 
the  crowd ;  bu'  t^LiBa  carriage  waa 

AtUof  face» — ^<  so  oomfortame  and 

amiiing,  aa  ht  -  anxioua  £ace  in  at 

IIm  wmdowa,    i  '  whiafck  blew  again, 

.  *  '  *pwr  ivir  \  aicutine  scrambleii  into 
I  v:ioa]|t  seat  remaining  in  one  of  the 

L^  caniagea.      The    engine- whiaUe 
:tnd  onwwd  thty  rolit^l 
*...^  IS  th«  wayytm  treat  gentlemen!" 
exdidmed  htv  looking  round  at  his  feUow- 
pasaanfp^rs.    **  You  nnikc  them  pay  oiie  pound 
Iwiir  ahillings  for  a  firat  class  li:jc|>nsas4Jrain — 


■.  if 
hoiiuw 


and  yo\i  oblige  them  to  get  into  a  seccaid-dass 
Civiriage  !" 

"  In  an  Excursion-train  !"  drily  adilcd  OM 
of  Ihii  pasaengers,  a  grazier,  who  was  but* 
ton^d  up  to  the  chiu  in  a  grey  duffel  coat, 

**TJie     Excuraiou-train !''    ejaculiUnl     Sir 
V.*ileutine.      There   he  atopp'd  ; 
want  of  breatli ;  partly  frouj  rri^ 
more  because  of  the  ridicule  he  ] 
should  encounter  from  hia  fellov; 
He  therefonj  endeavoured  to  j«..ir 
laugh.      ^*Ha,  haT'  waid  he,   in  a 
tone. 

Arrived  at  Lewca,  the  train  8topi«*d.  The 
atoppage  continued  a  long  time,  axul  Ui<»a 
the  whole  train  waa  thruat  backw  . 

a  mile,  when  again  it  stcppe<b   A  \  r 

quarter-of-an-hour  some  of  tlie  p»  - 
out  and  looked  about  them,  lli* 
their  &ienda  inside  that  the  engiu  ...,  .  -  ,  .. 
taken  away.  So,  here  atood  the  tniin  in  tbo 
bend  of  the  tailway,  forming  an  iiimienae  cres- 
cent of  carriages  all  crowded — with  no  appa.- 
rent  chance  of  advancing — and  no  explana- 
tion of  the  cause  of  the  delay  !  The  jiajs- 
aengers  now  began  to  make  all  aorts  of  noises 
^^nouta,  hootinga,  hiaaes,  whistles,  yells,  and 
stamping  with  the  feet.  Stilly  not  a  wt>«\) 
of  explanation  from  any  officer  or  jxirtet^^ 
indeed,  only  one  or  two  appeai*ed,  and  liur- 
ried  away,  refusing  to  reply  to  the  simplcat 
queationa. 

AB«r  lialf  an  hour  of  this  "fim,**a  tmia 
came  up  on  the  furthermost  Unc.  It  paused 
a  few  minutes — then  went  on  before  tne  ooe 
which  had  been  bo  long  delayed. 

"  No  doubt  but  tAat  is  the  '  Expres,^ "  sadd 
the  man  in  the  duffel  c<iat. 

The  vociferations  and  noiaes  now  increased. 
The  paasengera  banged  vnth  sticks  a^nst  thf> 
panels  of  the  carriages,  and  uttered  acreruns 
and  cat-cidls  innumerable.  In  th-  ""•!-<  --f 
this,  up  cornea  another  train — al 
London.  After  waiting  a  few  hhl  , 
also  rolled  onward.  As  it  passed  the  dai 
stationary  crescent  of  carriages,  all  manner 
yells,  hisses,  hootS;,  and  ha-a-us  of  rage  and 
disgust  followed  the  happy  train,  the  nai»> 
sengera  of  which  answered  by  a  victoriotka 
cheer. 

Tlus  was  too  much  to  bear,  and  the  d<serted 
crescent  now  upUlltxl  ita  voice  in  a  most 
furious  manner,  and  scvei-al  of  the  most  out- 
rageous endeavoured  to  smash  panels  and 
aeata  with  their  sticks.  At  leucrth  some* 
body  with  heavy  boots  fell  to  animming, 
and  tlus  pmluaUy  took  a  measure*!  cadeucv^ 
till  all  along  thetie  ^ty  or  sixty  compai^ 
menta  resounded  the  heavy  drummin'^  of  a 
monotonous  tune,  with  which    '  4 

mw  so  pleased,  that  it  put  j 

humour,    notwithstanding    tins     vu- im 
treatment,  which  they  liad  now  endure  J    in- 
wards of  three-qoarters  of  an  h<:>ur. 

Certainly,  Englishmen  tn  vutttt  ax«  vcj^ 
wady  to  W  pieihaeii,  and  verv  gooti-natui>^ 
umler  tr^'i^g  drouuslanoML  fiiere,  dow,  w&m 


■^B 

U- 

r    oijo    wonl    nf 
!♦  ttiuse  of  this 

■ 

1 

1     -  . 

1 

Hilt 

km. 
-.  .1- 

•    sniM— ^'No — 

f»t  :                   cxijlfination,  is 

t^  -1  ■               -'?  !*'    The  train 

-  di^dcribed,  a  %vlioli5 

'  K  on  the  Tvav  to 
o  move  was* the 

;  "-         'TB,  ill 
er  of 

.......  ,     .....Ui    WM 

I  the  third  chss  with 

nd   other  Ingubrioua 

lu  Smilhfiehl. 

nr^tirrod    titl    the  train 

terminus,  in  order  to 

'■'^,    Wlienthe;]fnaiil 

I\*e*.l  the  tirkots 

-e,   he   iiiAil"  n 

r  1  .u  tiv  i,iLi'-t,  and  then  said, 

mi^jiicons  hjok — ^'•This  Is  not 

am 

wili  till"    Aud  u© 


nay  over  again,**  said  the 

'  Sir  Vtdcntmc,  "  Of 

I   prui]   on«»  iK>um! 

"n  the  Exprijfls- 

idH'hise  carriage 

uhjch  these  gentli"- 

id  fonrpence  !      I  'II 

he  t^iard,  with  an 
,  ..xi\  "I  dwe  Bay  this 
nioveil  on  to  the   next 

illne^  addreasing  the 

xt,  "this  19  the  cool 

?e  upon  the  public  ! 

H  n  Pcn-wall,  set  up  a 

in  a  train 

wder    and 

"  I  tear's 

<  yon 

..   .............  w,.  ...,^ht,  by 

made  uncomfortable  mid 


i  hf?ti  oiJi  it  yoqrvelf !"  eald  the  porter. 

A  LKSSON  FOR  FUTtlRE  LIFE. 
urenent  holda  a  fiatare  in  it, 
**  ruad  its  tiosoxawcret  ritrht, 
«re  «ae  the  goldt^n  doe  kd4  wia  it, 
our  Uftad  to  work  with,  bout  and  might. 
t  T»i  Mr©  shall  ii*^t  I'^L*^  "I  -t-*- 
loy  he  WT>^ 
.imuui  floc>  i  V, 

.Aiiall  ahioe  whcu  wu  ii.iV4i  Uitl'diiud  died. 

fore,  tliout'li  f.vf  praise  or  helper  hcetl  us, 
ui  ",  lj«»d,  or  heart»  ur  hand, 

ror  wm  k;  if  e  ufi^  »€ed  li^i, 

VTr  »;us:  hfd'^  uiu-  time  to  tikke  its  fitind, 


jad; 


To  the  tollowinjr  Udp  in  turn  sUalJ  lend. 

Erich  siriz^  /    "     '    '      ' 

Workii. 
Failure  ai.>.  ..v...^  ....   ....  ,w.....,....v...... 

Our  teoi^  absorbed,  will  make  some  future  min. 

Let  U8  toil  on;  the  work  we  Icr/  '  }■.*, 

Though  ineomplete,  Gciris  Imi  jibalm. 

And  uso  ii  some  wny:  »nd  the  uk  -.  .  .,.,,  Did  ui 
In  hoftTeD  above,  and  sweeten  eudleaB  ooloi. 


SPIDEES'  SILK. 

Urged  by  the  incrt>a&ed  demand  for  the 
threads  which  the  silk-worm  yiekb,  many 
ingenious  men  have  endeavoured  to  tium  the 
CMX-oons  of  other  insects  to  aecount.  In 
search  of  new  fibres  to  weave  into  L'armctjta, 
raeu  have  dived  to  the  bottom  of  the  sea,  to 
watch  the  operations  of  the  pinna  and  the 
common  musseL  Inn^enioiis  experinieutAUst.s 
have  endeavoured  to  mli^t  tlie  threada 
which  hold  the  mnssel  firmly  to  the  rock, 
to  the  purposes  of  the  loom  ;  and  th*»  day 
will  probably  arrive  when  tbe  minute  threa*! 
of  that  diminutive  insect,  knowi  as  the 
money -apinner,  will  be  reeled,  thrown,  and 
woven  into  fabrics  fit  for  Titania  and  her 
court. 

In  the  early  part  of  bst  oentun*;  an  cnthu- 
adastie  French  gentleman  turned  his  attention 
to  apiders'  webs.  He  diaeovereti  tliat  certidn 
spiders  not  only  erected  their  \vel»s  to  tmp 
nnsujspeeting  flies,  but  that  the  females,  when 
they  had  laid  their  eggs,  forthwith  wove  a 
cocoon,  of  strong  silken  tlire.-uls,  about  them. 
These  cocoons  are  known  more  faniiUarly  as 
spidera*  hivss.  The  common  webs  of  spiders 
are  too  align  t  and  fragDe  to  he  put  to  any  use ; 
but  the  French  eitpertmcntalist  in  juration, 
Monsieur  Bon,  was  led  to  believe  that  the 
cocoons  of  the  female  spiders  were  more 
solidly  built  than  the  mere  traps  of  the  fero- 
cious males.  Yarioua  experiments  led  M.  Bon 
to  adojit  the  Bhort-lcgged  silk  spider  as  the 
most  productive  kind.  Of  this  speciL's  he 
made  a  hirge  collection.  He  employed  a 
number  of  persons  to  go  in  scare) i  of  them  ; 
and,  as  the  priaonera  were  brouglit  to  hhuj 
one  by  one,  he  enclosed  them  m  seixii-ate 
paper  cells,  in  which  he  pricked  holes  to 
admit  the  air.  He  kept  them  in  close  con* 
finement,  and  he  observed  that  their  imprison- 
ment did  not  a]ij>eai'  to  affect  their  health. 
None  of  them,  so  far  aa  he  could  observe, 
sickened  for  want  of  exercise ;  and,  as  a 
gaoler,  he  appears  to  have  been  indefatii^alde, 
occupying  himself  catching  flies,  and  deliver- 
ing' them  over  to  the  tender  mercies  of  his 
prisoners.  After  a  protracted  confinement  in 
these  miniature  Bakiles,  the  grim  M.  Eon 
opened  the  doors,  and  found  th:it  the  majo- 
rity of  his  prisoners  bad  beguiled  their  tima 
in  forming  their  bsga.    S^fiaeTa  exude  theii 


1 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


^ 


i 


Uuruaulfl  from  pamllsB  or  nipples,  pLictMl  at  the 
hjuuler  part  oi  tneir  boily.  Tbe  thread,  when 
it  leav*r«^  thfm,  is  n  izhif'ityma  liquid,  which 
har-^  \v.     It  hnA  been 

IbuL  Ilt,  and  placLnjf 

the  fiD^fjr  fv^aiiixT  ir^  y  .,  the  liquid  of 
which  th«  Utread  or  t'ii^  i  hIo  mny  be 

"'*  *"  -  "-at  length. 

rivid  experimentalist  to 

i    that    the    piipiilui  arc 

Kiiise  mimb«r  of  bmaller 

i   of  which   a  minute  and 

iuci   tiinsiMi  jj»   <ipun.     He  njB&erted  thftt^ 

vklth  a  micn»c'ope,  he  counted  as  Tnany  as 

Bevfnty  dii^tinct  fibres  proceeding  from  the 

papUhie  of  one  spider,  and  tLat  there  were 

mure  tli  minute  and  numerous 

mpute^  1  to  a  I'esidt,  bow- 

;  that  ia  *uiii'  MuuiV  astouishiug,  nainelj, 

thttt  a  thousand  distinct  fibres  pr^x^e^^^d  from 

[-  Sill    f.iTii!l:f  ■    rxfir]    there    bein^   five   lai'ge 

thread  of  spider's  ailk  ia 

t  five  thousand  fibrea.     In 

the  ht-at  uf  that  cuthusiaHnij  with  wliieh  the 

microscope  filled  fi|)ecuhitive    mindi)  in   the 

bcginninij   of  Uuit  century,  M  Leuwenhoek 

vjutiired   to  assert  that  a  hundretl  of  the 

threftfli!  of  a  full7grown  ayjider  were  not  equal 

to  tlie  diameter  of  one  single  hair  of  his  beard. 

TliK  -*:   .-   ■  --r];^  to  the  fLstoundiiig  arith- 

rnti  lu'tt  if  the  spider's  threads 

fujd I  -  I'fl  hair  l>o  both  round,  ten 

thouaanii  threads  are  not  bigj^rer  than  such 
a  hair  ;  and,  computing  the  diameter  of  a 
thread  Kpuu  by  a  5'oung  Apidcr  as  coaiftared 
with  that  of  an  adult  apider,  four  millioiis  of 
the  fibres  of  a  young  srxider'e  web  do  not 
cqniil  a  single  hair  of  M,  Leuwenhoek's  beard. 
TIi>'         '      *      '  MrtentaliHt  must  have 

huJ!  1  lorn  under  the  razor. 

wiUi  .-uu;i  ;ui  lAnu'-'iaLi-d  notion  of  hid  beartl 
as  tliese  calculations  must  liavo  ^iven  him. 
A  clever  writer,  in  Lardner'tJ  Cyclopccdia^ 
notices  these  measurements,  and  shows  that 
M.  Leuwenlioek  went  far  beyond  the  limits 
of  reality  in  liia  calculation. 

M/  Bod's  collection  of  spldei^  continued 
to  tlirive  ;  and,  in  due  aeaaon,  he  fomid  that 
the  greater  number  of  them  had  completed 
their  cocoons  or  bti^.  He  then  dislodged  the 
bsijLja  from  the  paper  boxea  ;  thi-cw  them  into 
warm  water^  ana  kept  washing  them  until 
they  were  quite  free  from  dirt  of  any  kind. 
Tlic  next  process  w;is  to  make  a  preparation 
of  soap,  Baltpetre^  and  gum-arabic  ilisiiMjlveKj 
in  water.  Into  thia  prejiaration  tlie  bags 
wero  tlirowji,  and  set  to  bod  over  a  Rjeutle  fire 
for  the  H[«u;e  of  three  houi-a.  When  they 
were  taken  out  and  the  eoap  had  been  rinsed 
from  them,  they  aprjefu^^d  to  be  composed  of 
fine.  eU  org,  ajsii-eoloured  silk.  Before  being 
canle<l  011  fine  cards^  they  were  set  out  for 
some  days  to  dry  thorouxidy.  The  c^^tnling, 
acconiing  t«:>  M,  Bon,  was  an  easy  matter ; 
and  he  aiiirmed  that  the  tlu'ead^  of  the  silk 
he  obtained  were  stronger  and  finer  Ihaii 
those  of  the  silk-worm.    M.  Keaimiui-j  Jiow- 


Ml 


ever,   who  was  dispatrhe<l  to  the   fccrnc 
M.  Bon's  inve«tigrii  0  BoyaJ  A 

of  Paris,  gave  a  versioti 

ujatter.  He  foimil,  that  wKci'  : 
of  the  spider's  bag  will  siL-t  '  ; 
bLx  grams,  that  of  the  silk  worm 
a  weight  of  two  draehme  and  a  I) 
tiuieij  the  weight  sustained  b_\ 
thread.  Tliough  M.  Bon  wjlb  • 
enthusiast  on  behalf  of  spid.  r.  M 
as  undoubtedly  had  a  strot 
favour  of  the  bombyx  ;  on 
these  contending  prejudice!*  wtwi,  tbiii  M- 
Bon'fl  iuvealigations  were  overrated  by  ft 
few,  and  utterly  diareganled  by  the  n»- 
jority  of  his  countrymen.  He  injuretl  him- 
self by  rash  Jissortitma^  He  endeavoured  to 
make  out  that  spiders  were  more  ]iroili£c, 
and  yielded  a  proportionabl-  ^  ■  - 
of  siik  than  B'dkworma, 
were  disproved,  but  in  no  1- 
M.  Heaumur.  To  do  away  witli 
sion  tliat  spiders  and  their  wel 
nomoua,  M.  Bon  not  only  assetUsi,  with 
trutli,  tiiat  their  bite  waa  harmless^  but  ha 
even  went  so  fiir  as  to  subject  his  tavoi 
insect  to  a  chemical  analy-sis,  and  he  su 
in  exti-actin^from  it  a  volatile  salt  which 
christened  Moutpelier  di'ops,  and 
mended  slronj^dy  as  an  efficacious 
in  lethari^ie  itate^s. 

M.  1*011  undoubtedly  produced,  fti  jm  iho 
of  his  spider*,  a  moteriid  tliat  read 
all  kinds  of  dyes,  and  was  capal 
worked  Lu  anyloonL    With  his  cjud-i  -[  i' 
silk   the    enthusiastic    eatperimeniuk?; 
gloves  and  stockings,  which  he  preaonted  to 
one  or  two  learned  aoeieties*    To  tluise  pro 
ductions  several  eminent  men  took  panic 
exceptions.    They  discovered  tliat  the  fine; 
of  the  sepani-te  threads  of  the  silk  dei 
fix)m  its  lustre,  imd  inevitably   produced 
fabric  less  refulgent  tlian  tlw^A  u,r. 
the  ai  Ik  worm.     M ,  Reaumui ' 
fact  against  the  adoption  of .  ■ 
article  of  manufacture,  was  deduced  it ' 
observatioiis  on  the  eombiitivene&a  of 
He  discovered  that  they  had  uv^  lI 

tluit  state  of  civilisation  when  com  1 1  :  id 

it  most  to  the  general  advantage  10  live  on 
terras  of  mutual  amity  and  confidence  ;  on  thft 
oonti-ary,  the  spider-world,  iiccording  to  M. 
Keauuuir  (we  are  writing  of  a  hundred  atid 
fniiy  yeaj-s  ago),  was  in  a  contiis'i  !  -=(.*-.  .►f 
warfjue — nay,  not  a  few  spiders  v.'  i.d 

cfuitdbals.     Having  collected  alMj( I  .ni- 

-lavid  spiders  (enough  to  sciire  tiie  most 
courageous  old  latly),  M.  Iteaumur  shut  theiti 
up  in  conjpanies  varying  in  number  from  tiiiy 
to  one  huudi-ed.  On  opening  the  veils.  aft«r 
the  lapse  of  a  few  days,  "what  was  the  horror 
of  our  hero,"  as  the  graphic  novelist  writotL 
"to  behold  the  scene  wliich  met  his  gaae ! 
\\licre  fifty  Hpiders,  happy  tind  full  of  liifl, 
had  a  short  time  before  existed,  only 
two  bloate<i  insects  now  remidneil — they 
devoured  their  feCow  spiders  !     This  hoi 


L|     PATHEE  CiABRlELj  OU,  THE  FOKTUNES  OF  A  FARMEIL 


67 


«f  the  ipider-warld  accoimts  for  the 
roportioo  of  Bfadent  iii 
hftiiM  AQtober  of  e<^  w  i 
So  ligmAidjlblv         "'"'    -it)' cuuid    uixly 
bvRantig  c  in  a  sepniiitc 

ictliertt  OAO  b« 
t>alt!  iw]uire — L» .» .^.i^.-i   i^l 

>r  r.  .ii'«   ttttfttue    ou    behalf  of 
[I                  aomtir    urged    further 
'  «J,  that  wh<"n  coinparttd 
.,  apider'a  silk  was  defi- 
V  &&d  in  4u:uitity.    His 
uciiL  ;o   ailiaw  that  tlie   silk   of 
^AAew%  dki  not  more  %htm  equal  that 
botii'                '    '    t  no  Icjte  tliao  fifly- 
rvd   and   iiiiuily-sLx 
mtixL  !«.  ii^-  " '"••-^- '" ^'V'-! 

ntt^  ,  and  t) 

iid»  frvotini   \ 

lu  nrat  of  I  ioiutt  hu  cvuid 

ali  cz[i«niiiJii^U  aJTu  valuable  .as  far 
gt>;  ifiiilcr's  ulk  luay  be  saftlj  act 
I  an  tuitmd  raw  matorlil.  The  ob- 
oi  JtL  Reaumur,  reasoiiable  In  some 
fi«iroiu>t  "•  "^'  ^?aclafiive,  It  ia  of 
Bilc9ual<  silkxv'orm  produoes 

qitalllit '.  ri"    .•iTi\-    >?Mri.'».    I  if 

bat,  an 


fitki  ^ 

mggci^iTc.     1 
to  o(iav«rt ; 


istily   its 

Lji  Show, 

gpeuLmeos  of 

n»  would  be 

l:mg 

om 

u  iLiu  of 

lutt  this 


ipider-^ric,  eua  aat 


F 


iJRIEL;    OR,    THE    FOR- 
OF  A  FAliMEIi. 


Hbu>b^  Mtalioo  la  the  Buah,  or  even  a 

d  to  make  mentj  aud 

luri:<ov('  or 

^  motliei  iits  ; 

tmd  bane  beat^u  %v  t  tk, 

<p«ti!re  <jf  ganli'u, .'  I  be 

r                  A  atodw  ;t  in 


I  hia  authority,  to  hold  very  little  communica- 
tion witli  his  metL 

As   for  the    men,  UanuBod  a&d  haggard 

1  lookingj    ragged,   uuahnTen^  unwashed,   Uu^y 

I  crowd  together  in  aii  ewnin^,  perhaps  li^eeii 

'  la  uiimlnir,  smoking,  and  swearin^% 

mg  with  two  or  thi-ee  black  giina, 

i,ii._ii    *Muy     It'Djalii    cumpamona,    purebase^l, 

I  stolen,  or  strayed  from  a  iuVi;,'hbomiiig  tribe. 

I  But  on   the  stations  of  mairied  aquatt&n?,  or 

I  where  amall  laettlers  of  a  gojd  seal  have  scttlial 

either  ou  grants  or  purcluk^es,  n^  dair}'  .'uid 

grain-growing  foriaerss,  a  very  dilforent  sight 

La  presented,— ^wivea  and  gardens,  cliildren  .'Uid 

green  vegetablegj  improve  the  fxu-e,  the  sceiiory, 

and  the  society.    Ihrudt  heaven,  every  day 

fixity  of  tenure  is  making  ita  way. 

few  years  there  is  no   rejisou  wl] , 

^  "  '  I  fiiiitjWith  ijiimeuse  iidvautttge5 

ul  not  resemble  that  pasUtrn:  i 

<    domestic    vixtiiea    have    allv-.  i    -,j 
exquiaite  pictures  for  po«t«  atiii  n>- 
ista. 
When  I  first  lamWl  in  the  Colony,  agricul- 
ture was  reckoned  vcr>^  low,  the  Highland 
spirit  of  contempt  for  rural  toil  had  descended 
on  our  nomrnlic  firiatocracy.    Not  being  bred 
to  it,  I  could  not  share  the  feeling  ;   and  after 
months  of  men-comi>anIons,  and  suit  meat  and 
j  damper  fare,   grateful  to  my  eyes   was    the 
I  view  of  wliat  I   wiU   call   (to  mention   n^al 
nr*  10 fa  would  not  be  fair)  "  Father  Gab licVa 
(■y  Valley."    A  bright  ooaia,  that  within 
memory  of  the  oldest  settler  had  not  been 
tuuched  by  drought  ;  green,  imd  com-wy  ving^ 
when  all  around  the  other  side  of  the  r^nge 
waa  bro^TO  and  barren ;  cheerful  and  ali v»t  too, 
with  &t  children  rumuRg  and  riding  in  p^ay, 
for  children  with  us  ride  almost  as  sojji  as 
tliey  walk  ;  hamlsome  young  wives,  and  nice 
tidy   old   woman    buMy   waahing    under   tha 
verandahs  of  thcdr  cottageei,  or  in  their  gai*- 
,]rn<  .,t  rntdting  cheeee  in  the  open  air  under 
',  converted  Into  part  of  amachiner 
l»reiiaing. 
From  a    great  tield  of  oaten  liay,  "The 
mow  el's*  Bcylhes  sent  back  a  flick eriug  eiivor 
aheeu,"   where    Father   Gabriel,  a  ha!i»  old 
man,   led   the  way   licfore   a  long  string  of 
sons  and  sons-in-law,  while  tlie  little  unes 
followed   juid    boim<.l   the  slieavea.      It   woa 
'  almoet  a  home  scene,  beue^kth  a  brighter  sun 
ind  clearer  blue  sky  than  ia  ever  found  ui 
Eiifjland. 

Father  Gabrie!,  having  been  one  of  the 
early  free  farmer  settlers,  had  obtamed  a  grant 
in  thlft  favoured  spot,  and  made  thd  most  of 
it  bv  ari  'twiug  wheat  in  increasing  auantities, 
whicu  during  a  four  yeary'  diought,ne  sold  at> 
14$.  and  15«.  a  bushel.  With  the  help  of  a 
long  family  he  became  really  neb ;  but  instead 
•f  turning  ^'^ gendcman^'  after  the  vulgar 
'  iiial  fuahion,  or  entermg  tnt«j  wild  specn- 
'lA,  hti  had  purisued  his  plain  Yeonuufe 
,.T.c  of  life,  collecting  round  lam  a&  many  aft 
txjanible  of  hia  netgliboui-s  from  hia  native 
oountiy,  so   that  he   had    formed   a  sort  of 


es 


HOXJStHULD  WORDS. 


1^  Ira 

Ik 


>^^,.4i „  ♦.^.  ^.  wi ..,♦   ,,m  i^ff  },y  hnrren 

l;i  jjv^ar  contact  with 

pii, ;         .  juiBboil  on  bt-voutl 

thoni.  We  ami  bii?  fritiuda  bad  Imilt  a  flt«"»nG 
ch}ii>cl,  from  which  on  Stiudays  the  jiowerful 
voict*  of  Frtthor  Oabnol  lai^ht  \k*  hontd  <>x- 
jKniuding  tho  Scripturi'S,  somotiiinjj  in  the 
nwmier  of  a  Prffebyterhin  of  CmmweirB  diiy. 
Ho  di3et>utinue<l  this  prnctice  when  a  dls- 
gontin^'  mini  tied  the  distriL't  a  few 

Vvni-8  jifter  J  This  chapel  was  ver}* 

like  :t  bam,  i «  ^■i, ,  >  „  i ,  .i  wood  alaV«  or  ahingloH ; 
boili;^  the  only  stone*  budding  in  the  distrietj 
it  usked  to  be  very  much  athnired.  During 
Bervi*'©  there  were  aomettmes  tifteen  or  twenty 
honscs,  with  a  fair  share  of  side-saddh^s,  tied  I 
lip  in  waiting,  btdungin^  to  faniiliea  who  had 
ndden  tea  and  even  tweiity  miles,  to  service. 
But  they  were  sehlom  nlkjwcd  to  return  any 
gin^at  tllstancrt  without  sharing  the  hospitality 
of  the  el  (lei's. 

I  made  the  acquaintance  of  one  of  the  aona, 
(the  old  man  had  twelve  childi'en,  and  twice 
that  iJiimbor  of  gnmdchiMreu)  at  a  Kangaroo 
hunt,  and  we  became  mtimate*  aa  he  was 
ttlwiiya  asking  questions  about  Ent^lfuid, 
Euclbh  fanning.  Entail  ah  a]v>rt«,  and  I  was 
fflan  to  leani  BuKhniarwhip,  in  which  Kit 
ilabi-iel  was  a  perfect  nirt?*lcr.  One  «biy  he 
Oflkod  me  over  to  a  shearing  fcj^t.  Wc  had 
to  cr:iS3  a  country,  wliich  1  will  describe, 
because  it  \s  a  fair  specimen  of  the  grand  but 
monotonous  scenery  of  Australia,  I  love 
Atuitralia  ;  there  I  spent  my  happiest  dny^^ 
triumphing  over  the  ill-fortune  that  drove 
me  from  England  ;  there  I  found  friends  of 
the  warmest  and  tmeat ;  there  I  miaifed  deep 
the  cup  of  hospitality,  and  found  no  dregH. 
With  that  bright  land  are  associated  the 
mcmoi7  of  cheerful  daya  of  toil  and  nights  of 
bamilesa  revelling,  of  deUcious  gallopa  over  fai* 
rolling  plains,  of  alow-pacing  rides  tlu-ough 
miW  of  silent  forest,  of  thought-inspiring 
reveries,  within  sight  and  sound  of  tho  broad 
cnhn  waters  of  the  Pacilic.  But  although  I 
can  recal  scenes  of  horrid  grandeur,  worthy 
af  the  pencil  of  Snlvator,  and  of  wild  joyoui 
l)eauty,  to  which  evon  the  imagination  of  a 
Turner  or  Dauby  could  scarcetv  do  justice, 
I  must  own  that  the  sameness  of  the  scenery 
for  hundreds  of  miles,  and,  still  more,  the 
sameness  of  the  everffl*een  foliage,  except  in 
the  tropical  zones,  and  the  abi?ence  uf  j.ierfect 
cultivation,  rendei-a  the  givater  part  of  Aua- 
«ti*alia  inferior  in  natural  l»eauty,  and  tlie 
jwwfr  of  calling  up  plea-sing  associations,  to 
the  districts  of  England,  where  wild  scenery 
and  high  cultivation  may  be  ^newe^l  at  one 
gliknce  l>eneath  a  summer  or  autumnal  sun. 
As^  for  iTistanee,  in Derbyshue,  with  its  ros*i- 
covered  cottages  and  woo<l-crowned  hills ;  in 
Kottingliamshire,  Mith  its  trim  farms  and 
forests  of  oM  oaJc ;  in  Gloucestershire,  with 
ita  green  valleys  streaked  with  silver  streams, 
where  even  the  fulling  mill  and  the  factor)', 
become  picturesque.  And  then,  again,  Aug- 
tratla  has  no  Past  .-—but  she  h;ia  a  Fuiurt^ 


and   it  should  be  the    endeaTOiir  of 
colanist  to  make  that  Future  read  well* 

But  to  return  to  my  ride.     <'>ur  \vi\y 
over  a  hard  aand-track ;  on  one  : 
rather  chain  of  puola  ;  on  the  ut ! 
((.\>luniany,  ridqen),  covered  with  AvuJ 
Pine — a  Keautii'ul  tree,  with  eicelleut  t\u 
for  working  freelv,  with  a  colour  ana 
like  sandal-woofl,  Wit  useh^sa  for  houae 
it  breetlfl  vermin.    After  an  hour,  we 
up  stony  ridgea,  thinly  s]»vinU!cd  witl 
bai'ktrees   for  three    nnh*8,  until    th*> 
broke   off  short,  in   night  of  a  broad 
which  we  forded,  and^  driving  the  riv.  r. 
over  undulating  ground,  tiudnTed 
and  iron-bftrk  ;  then  over  a  thickl^ 
sandy,  scrubby  ridge,  at  the  en*!  of  \"^ 
course  lay  for  a  mile  tkroueh  an  • 
forest,  beautifully  grassed^  like  ari 
meadow,    which    oponeti    upon    a 
plain,  as  thinly  dotted  wit!  :v 

man's  park,  widch  extend.  .a 

the  eye  could  I'each,  until,  |..-.  *• 

Ijefore  us^   appeared   a   dark   1 
forme«i  by  a  dense  forest.     Eu, 
several   miles,  during  which   w*o   v 
staatly,  but  almost  imporoeptiV>ly,  d< 
we  came  to  a  river  never  known  to  fiul. 

It  was  iu  a  valiev,  intersf^cled  by  this  riTa,i 
that  Father  Gabnera  settlement  h\y.  SooB 
we  could  hear  the  lowing  of  the  heifet^l 
answered  by  their  calve.<*  in  tli^  ' 
pens  ;  the  swnsli-swa'^hing  of  ;i 
threshing-machine,  a  receTjf  • 
patriarch^  ;  ami  jirnsentl 

vard  sound:*,  tho  shrill  tn ..-. 

1  don*t  know  wliicli  w;is  moyt  jileasant  tuul 
homelike,      A  lot  of  horses,  still  hot^^  wi  ' 
saddle-marks,    in    a    i>addotk ;    two    young j 
fellows  and  a  girl  in  a  nankin  habit,  rjintiui 
in  front  of  us ;  and  a  lot  of  men,  wa 
shave^l,  and  in  holiday  costame,  gave  n 
the  gathering. 

A  young  liushman,  in  his  bixmd'leai 
with  two  yards  of  taiiirta  flyin'/     ^'• 
intelligent  fice,  hair,  beard,  an  i 
neatly  trinmied ;  blue  or  led  HI 

kkose    trctusers,   broad    l>eJt ;    i 
ocntaur  on  his  half-b»*ed  Arab  ;  i  i  >  M  i 

pictui-eaque  a  figure  ma  you  may  yue  anywheni 
m  a  voyage  round  the  world.  On  tliis  aftfs^j 
noon,  not  one,  but  some  dozen  such,  wer«  at] 
the  gathering. 

We  passed  the  chapel,  and  can     '      *  V'     f 
the  house,  planted  on  a  declivii 

the  river,  but  out  of  reach  of  wi^i-..,  >  i. j,  ; 

a  composite  building,  wliich  first  consisted  of 
A  mere  hut  and  pvrden  ;  then  grew%  by 
addition,  to  a  li/Hjtl,  six-roonied,  one-flttoriwl 
cottage,  of  sa'w^l  boanls,  with  glazed  \iindowiL 
a  verandah  all  round,  covered  with  beautiitil 
creepers,  eventually  inci*eased  by  a  large 
double  room  of  stone,  tho  work  of  the  stooe- 
mason  colonist,  who,  having  eiiay-working 
material  within  reach,  thus  paid  off'  a  debt  to 
Father  Gabriel.  It  vtsa  most  comfortable, 
convenient,  and  capacious  as  a  barrack  ;  but» 


I 


FATilEIi  GABIUEL ;  OR,  THE  l^RTUNES  OF  A  FARMEIl. 


1 


never 


ijl}<v 


r"^n"*     'vtrri^ 


li-urruumicd  by  muU 


elii.> 


aoyUimg  like  it,  unglutsl  wid  flat,  had  tnivdle<l  aU  the  way 

I  from  "  the  North  Couutrie,*'  and  recoirmiencc4 

^'T  tt.^.    -'.tr-  rf'fhe   concert    onr  prc-^euce   liad   it*     -     /    '. 

Pollv  Gabriel,  lit*  goil-ciiiUl  and  f  l  t 

Mweet   little  thiivj:  in   the  bloom .;, 

tucked  a  violin  under  her  cUia.  Bob  Grundy, 
)KK>tniaker  i\nd  fcLtpheni.  blew  away  on  tlie 
flageolet,  while  Jack  Hackrow,  tax  erergreea 
veteran  peasioner  of  engineera,  fiumer  aud 
joiner,  drew  ehrill  notea  from  a  honu»-iPwle 
tin  iiietrument,  a  cross  between  a  pennj- 
wliiatle  and  piccolo  flute. 

One,  t\v'D,  three,  four,  reels  were  formed, 

and  off  we  went  iu  double  ouick  tiiut",  for  hy 

iiiBtiuct  I  soon  joined,  as  by  degre<?s  did  a 

.:    L    Tlie  wrw->l  ..f' i-^iMid    mnnv    \ntuout   distinction  v(  age  or 

bad    Vwea    va\-'  r  Gabriel,  as  active  a*  juiy ; 

<«1,    HTitI    the  I  ^  the  red-headed  maiilfn,  in  a 

ther  with  all  frit  iids   red  aj»d  ytlluw  gown  without  shoes  or  stoek- 

>^venty   luiles,  who '  iiigs.      Famously   vre   jiggeil,    tliumped    the 

rate  a  feast  at  the  I  tloor,  and  snapped  our  fijigers,  and  wondnrfid 

a  on  thnt  side  the  I  were  the  steps  m  toe-and-heel,  and  woavc-tliL- 

' '  '    "  ^  '    blanket,  there  and  thi-n  |iorfitmitHlj  andil  ibte 

shoutinjr*  wh'de   at  d<x)r  and  window,  with 

nynn  i  uc  ,  lafgo  ftiJiiiirinnr  eyes,  the  shrphrrds  and  otht^ 

,  fiiir,  and   Bush  sen^anta  l<x)ked  on  aiii>rovmply,  as  may 

,. .    )>roo«l   as  be  seen  when  polka  i*  perfonned   In  some 

r  Gabriel  had   Eiifjlish  manor-house  ;  the  balance  of  surprise 


/Did  U'fu&le 
t'ti^'fjged  in 
rree  hat. 
'  ough  me 
lians,  and 
iueks  and 
.X  uicii  lay  neg- 


11  oft^n  see  in 
i  powerful,  large 
rntherhiifh  cheek 


;m  most  men  of 

-  h^<  1^  and  eyebrows 

cious  f<»rehead  gave 

.ru-.  ivi.jHj  would 

l4KHi,likc 

.^,     Hard 

o  have  melted 

v.^  that,  at  his 

hy,  if  not 

d;  Uttle, 

etly  fair, 

1,  auburn 

'    thair 

i"un- 

d  of 

A 

•men 

•  r  cousin 

v'n.jxistas 

ther 

,  and 

Lht'  eldest 

-a  tailing 

Ls.  Buskmen 


\f\:'i  uij  QjLer 


went 
,  was 
<  I  ties 


the  tuning  T  had  heard  on  arrival 
ien^wl  &om  a  eomer.  Mr.  Bmli^'e. 
uth  and  clerk,  the  um\''ei:sal  genius  of 
lem«nt,  took  up  his  l^eloved  bus,  which 


and  admiration  being  however  wdth  our  Bush* 
men.  Tlien  we  changed  to  country  dances  ; 
.^.  ...^..  ^„-..™  up  the  middle  and  down  a^ain ;  and  all  the 
•h  the  Austra-  company,  but  two  or  three  elders,  inobuUn^  a 
burn  out ;  a  little,  lame,  old  man,  with  a  cnitoh-handlod 
1  rather  lai-ger  stick,  got  in  motion,  and  it  did  strikr?  me  that 
'  one  or  two  of  the  outsiders  joined  in  a  sort  of 
voluntary'  accompaniment  at  the  door  end  of  tli»? 
room.  "tVHum  I  pulled  up  iu  my  turn,  reil  and 
breathless,  I  was  close  to  the  musl.  1  n  <  i  i<v 
birds  in  the  Bush,  and  this  lot  i 
enthusiasts.  Little  Polly,  her  eyes 
her  cheeks  glowing,  her  brown  curU  h.tngm;i 
all  mautier  of  ways,  cuddled  her  fiddle  as  i? 
she  loved  it,  and  ran  up  and  down  the  strings 
with  the  taperest,  if  not  the  whitest  fingeiia 
that  ever  patted  butter, — ^lost  to  dam^es  and 
admireps,  everything  but  her  own  music, — but, 
whOe  Budge  sawed  away  as  s^demuly  and 
earnestly  as  if  he  had  been  blowing  his  own 
bellows,  and  Grundy  blew  as  if  his  life 
depeTided  on  his  exertions,  Jack  Hack  row 
found  time  to  admire  his  own  performimce 
and  give  directions  as  to  the  figures,  to  which 
no  one  paid  the  least  attention.  *'  I  'rac 
blessed,"  I  heard  one  of  the  Stockmen  say,  "  if 
I  b'lieve  the  governor  and  the  bishop  lia\*o 
got  such  music"  And  all  the  bve-atandera- 
seemed  of  the  same  opinion,  in  whiclt,  indeed, 
I  fullv  agreed. 

Alf  things  must  have  an  ent.1,  so  did  the 
dancing,  from  sheer  exhaustion ;  then  came 
supper :  the  table,  sheets  of  bark  laid  on  bushds, 
on  which,  ranged  in  glorious  profusion,  were 
mutton  chops,  boiled  beef,  hoaey,  potatoes, 
melons,  grapes,  puuipkin  pie,  eels,  jjarrot  pic, 
tJL^.-j,  I'oast  piglings,  and  dampers  a  vanl  in 
•  liaiueter,  serving  often  for  bread  and  uhites 
too.    Jonmu  of  tea,  strong  and  sweet;  bowk 


7a 


HOITSEHOLD  WORM. 


lOmi 


^ntio.j  home-made  wine, 

:  riiuj,  which  on  such 

i]y   introduced  m  A  treat, 

y  the  scrnpltfB  of  our  hosts. 

,.,.   ..-,  ,   -,. .   .,  x^.^^Xq 

Ad 

...;.......,..-..  Id 


U 


of  milk ,  mifl 
forrnod  fhf  ' 

b.' 
ll 

ot 

cri,.-.._T  i'--.  ■•■■ 
th*it  evcrv'  mmi  pulled  out  liis  o\\  i'e, 

thftt  only  six  li>r*ks  couM  bo  m  rjd 

that  no  particubr  order  waa  olwerved  iu  the 
eating,  I  have  said  evcrythiiig.  Soon  after 
fa»j>p€.r,  the  ladies  retired ;  the  men  took  their 
&tnoKe  ;  those  living  near  saddled  up^  the  far 
away  ones  unroUetl  their  bliinketa  and  stretched 
out  on  tl»e  lloor.  iJefore  and  since  I  have 
Attended  biilU  and  eunpers  more  refined,  but 
never  so  eujojnble^  hecauBe  it  was  a  real 
luxury,  uo  other  Bnsli-cstAbhshraent  having 
«o  much  music  or  bo  nuuiy  pretty  girla  for 
j>artncP8. 

The  next  day  a  party  act  out  to  form  a  new 
fitation  in  the  interior,  which  had  been  pre- 
viouuly  explored.  Tbe  aheep,  in  two  flocks  of 
ax  hundred  ejwh,  had  gone  torwiird  two  days 
previouely.    The  youug  m*  t   '  <-oQie  up 

from  Father  Gahnera  out  v<re  waa 

a  7 '   -'*'if'ring.     Tlie  hea4  -i  in"-  jNtrty  was 

}i  1  by,  husband    of  Polly  Gabriera 

ftUi. .    J  i.i.    The  old  folks  had  connn.ni..,l 
fortunes  for  the  young  people  in  si 
they  had  determined  to  push  on  quite 
the  furthest  stations  on   ground  lat«ly  dis- 
covered. 

Two  bullock  drays  were  loaded  with  every- 
thing needed  for  a  station.  The  little  old 
hmie  man,  with  thecmtch-handled  stick,  came 
tip  ridiurj  a  lialf-bre<l  Timor  pony,  with  a  pair 
of  draught  bullocks,  which  he  insisted  on  pre- 
senting to  the  young  couple  aa  regular  "good 
uns/'  iiisteati  of  a  pair  that  seemetl  not  quite 
steady.  A  mixed  lienl  of  six  htindred  head 
of  cattle  were  collected  in  a  stock-yiu-d,  to  go 
forward  under  chai'ge  of  Granby'a  brother, 
one  of  the  young  Gabrielu,  and  an  experienced 
stockman^,  with  four  volunteer ;  the  other 
eplittcra  and  fencena  and  serv^inta  had  gone 
with  the  sheep^ 

The  strangest  sight,  and  the  prettiest,  was 
Myra  Granby  on  her  grey  mare,  with  a  great 
yearling  colt  nimiing  alongaiae,  all  ready 
Mrith  blankets,  tin  pota,  holster,  and  proviaion- 
bags,  strapped  on,  to  march  into  the  interior. 
Contrary  to  all  precedent,  a  sJionherd's  wife, 
ritling  ou  one  of  the  dniys,  was  the  only  other 
wonum.  ITiis  move  of  ifyra'a  created  a  uid- 
Versal  outcry,  but  she  ma<lo  no  answer  to 
the  last  woixia,  except  cmckiug  her  stock- 
whip :  and,  looking  at  hor  firm,  though  rosy, 
iQOuUi,  and  verj*  decided  eyebrows,  it  was 
clear  that  when  Myni  made  up  her  mhid, 
Hsirry  liail  nothing  to  do  but  give  way. 

Amid  the  prayers  of  the  fathers  an<l 
mothers,  gfxyd  wishes  of  the  young  ones,  n 
volley  of  old  dioc^  from  Dora  and  Molly  the 
maid-^ei'vants,  the  reiwrta  of  the  bullotik- 
diivofTs''  whirM,  the  shouts  of  the  stockmen, 
and  the  barkuig   of  the   cattle-dogs^  —  the 


port}-  moved  off  into  the  wilderaess.    To 
them   winding  along    in  the    distance, 
almost  a  scene  from  the  days  of  A 
aiid  Lot. 

As  the  last  straggler  pr-^-    '  --"'  tl 
of  the  range,  **  There,"  fci  < 

"there,  young  gentleman^  :  i 
swarm  off  our  ^TJung  bee8  in 
No  landlord,  no  rent  wortl*  aji. 
taxes.    But  come,  let  ua  mount  aiid 
farm." 

Tlie  skill  and  industry  of  a  North 
fanner,  with  a  large  supuly  of  UbtJi. 
own  family,  applied  to  fei  ''        "  >  t 

the  plough  without  cleari^  it» 

without  winter  and  withuuL,  i  «( 

done    wonders.     The  cro])a  ^v  ii.l; 

but,  to  an  eye  accustome*!  to  g  -  ,  .  i»  or 
£nglis!i  fanning,  everything  eeemcd  rudi^ 
slovenly,  and  unfinished.  But,  as  thu  old 
man  truly  observed,  "Good,  neat  iarini«^ 
don't  nay  in  a  colony  :  labour  ia  daar«  bbI 
land  cheap.  A  ci»op  might  bu  got  out  oi  Hn 
acres  while  you  were  stumping  ono  acre.  For 
the  same  reason,  no  man  can  nuike  a  liTiu 
tm  A  farmer  who  cannot  work  with  hu 
own  liandiJ,  and  get  help  in  liia  own  familt. 
Gentlemen  like  you,  sir,  should  keep  Ut 
.^im  it  ting  w*ith  sheep  or  cattle;  tkud 
1  To<:ik  after  your  men,  you  ca 
i  nothing  vou  can  help,  and  do 
can  for  yomveu.  That*s  the 
lonial  success. 

"  T  have  spent  more  time  ami 
garden  than  ia  the  custom  in  t] 
then  I  wished  to  keep  mv 
and  for  years  only  hired  t\ 
sons  did  all  the  rest.    We  ivf^i^ti  *n\r  cm 
on  the  same  day  as  our  hut^  and  we  cat 
own  cabbage  and  bacon  the  first  year.** 

Thus  cmoitting,  wc  rtachoil   an   einin«?ncs, 
where  I  could  look  down  on  the  wild  and 
reck-imed  land, "  A  lovely  scene,"  I  observsd 
"  how  bright  and  clear  everything  comes 
under  these  cloudless  skioi.^' 

"Whyyesj^smd  Farher  Gjd^nid.  *'it 


out. 


the 


look  very  pretty  ;  and  t 
liked  it  even  better  tli 
grass  breast  high,  full  «.: 
water  holes  alive  with  bin 
cans  :  but  pretty  as  it  wrti.^  *  ... 
made  my  heart  sore  to  think  1 
ray  family  into  such  a  wildeiii.  , 
suiTOunded  by  Uoo^lthii^ty  savjii^^ea,  so 
from  help,  and  such  a  deal  of  new  kind  of 
work  to  do  before  1  could  make  it  anythixig 
like  the  place  wdiere  we  were  all  reared.  If  my 
old  woman  had  not  hatl  a  good  heart,  and  tlie 
youn^  ones  been  all  such  hard*bitten  ones  and 
hopetul^  I  think  I  should  never  have  pulled 
through.  There  were  not  many  immiifrants 
in  those  days,  and  England  seemed  a  CTejit 
deal  further  off  than  it  docs  now.  J  tut,  thiuik 
God,  I  would  not  change  places  now  with  the 
owner  of  Brancepeth  CaslJe,'* 

"But,"  said  I,  **you  speak  so  fondly  ot  Old 
Etigland  ;  you  seem  so  glad  to  welcome  anjr 


CftMlw  D<eli*M.] 


A  GERMAN  PICTURE  OF  THE  SCOTCH, 


71 


English  Cvrc,  whether  from  the  north  nr  aotith  ; 
that  I  ?«,hno«t  wi/uder  yoa  ccnitd  ever  find 
fieart  to  leave  home>,  issiiecmlly  im  pe<>}»le 
KTcre  oot  crowding  oot  ns  t)icy  nrc  now, 
<an(pvii^^  fortimcs  are  to  Ijc  picked  i7p  on 
the  bcitch  T  •* 

Itfitcri  li   I've  never 

tmcti  ...,.  .  -  -  :  ,  i.  lielpt'd^ie  to  K 
tieej  tnit  the  tact  ia,  I  came  for  the  only 
r^auion  thAt  n  man  ever  onght  to  leave  his 
country,  tu  my  thinking — Wcauae  I  was  goinr* 
down  hiU  fast',  with  a  Irmi?  family  coming,  and 
iu  an  evening  silthig  over  the  fire,  tiying  to 
make  out  what  would  l>e  left  afler  rent  w.ia 
paid,  I  useal  to  think  I  could  see  a  gaol  or  a 
workhonse  in  the  hot  coala.'* 

The  Patriarch  then  told  me  hia  atory, 
wbich  I  mil  te^  to  the  rexidcr  in  another 
P«per.      ^______ 

A  GERMAN  PICTUEE  OF  THE 
SCOTCH. 

Soke  notion  of  \v^  '^  for  an  Englisli- 

tnan  ou  the  Contiiv  was  eonvej'ed 

^-  ■-.-!-  rrn.'f-r-  f-i  ^i  ■-  --  - ''  -tp  tirst 

-.<:■■■:-.  :j,     few 

«■  obCiiins  emriincj  and  cr^euce  amongst  the 

A  wna,  About  the  time  we  were 

wri!  rnier  aiiicle,  |n'o<lnce<l  at  the 

il.tijitre   of  Vienna.    The  acene  is 

-:.  Peterehargh  ;  the  real  hero  is  a 

V    known    to   dog-fanciers    aa  a 

;  but  the  noDunal  chief  cha- 

i^sLuker    from    Glasgow,  named 

laiKl.      He  had   f tilled   in  hia    native 

in  Kusslft  he  became  a  great  man  ; 

the  favourite  money-dealer  of  the 

therine. 

know  the  stren^h  of  a  Scotch  con- 

tttntion,  Hit  VTP  also  kno\v  the  severity  of 

vi.'inter :   yet  Mr,  Sutner- 

f  to  hia  audience,  amidst 

of  that    ice-bound  city, 

1  abroad   to   be   the  re^ 

'      le    of   a    citizen     of 

r,  jack  boota  and  a 

'  '-rove  of  funereal 

reatherB.    Mr  pite  his  ac/^ntv 

lelher    co^tin-         ^^  be    in    cxccl- 

liealth  ami  sjnntit     lie  h:v3  thriven  «o 

*"wrll  in  thr  wor!  i  t!tnt,,  hi  nivoixlance  with  a 

ihe  Caledonian 


UMX*: 


'  'oim    at    homo 

in    i^ftV    . 

.  send  him 

ltd.     On> 

1    the  hero 

■. .   ir.ite,   shutfv, 
1.    TIk^   li-iiikcr 

di 

part    tin- 

Wl' 

ITc  lij.d 

ly    received    the 

Eui- 

§Sm^ 

•,»ec«  thr 
h  the  atM 

^   ;^^^^j2^0 

too  gliid  to  be  able  to  gratify  a  royal  caprice 
at  Btj  li^ht  a  cost,  • 

She*  lu  the  fen'ency  of  her  gratitude,  named 
the  dog  after  the  donor — a  great  oompli- 
ment, 

AlaB  I  oue  day,  the  dog,  who  hnd  eaten  too 

idi«d; 
.  '  ■  '  ■  -1^  been 
poisoned  by  the  prime  mini^ter^  a  piece  of 
wlio*ie  letj  he  had  digested  the  day  before. 
The  Em]jrc3a  sighed  far  more  over  the  loas  of 
her  dog.  than  she  would  have  done  for  that  of 
the  minister.  The  one  might  have  been  easily 
replaced  ;  she  knew  at  least  t^'ent^'  waiting 
open-mouthed  for  the  vacancy*  But  who 
could  renlac©  her  four-footed  friend  ! — she 
monma  nim  as  a  loss  utterly  irreparable. 
She  onlers  the  ^-eatcst  mark  of  adectionate 
respect  it  is  possible  to  altow  to  be  performed 
on  the  dead  terrier. 

The  scene  changes ;  it  is  night.  The 
fortnnate  banker  is  seated  at  deaaert,  after  an 
excellent  dinner  of  "  mutton  rosbif/*  nnd  "  hot- 
:i-mealo  pour-ridges^  iiiul  pntitas,"  "     '  a- 

ble  to  a  North  lii-itou ;  his  letjs  nir  lia 

feet  rest  ujion  a  monstrous  '"     '  i-u  he 

take^  care  to  inform  us  he  1 1  i  fi-om 

England,  as  he  sita  sipping  i ,,  .ri  port 

bier,"  aud  Koliloquisin^  pleasantly  over  the 
various  cliances  of  his  life.  He  is  just  about 
to  finish  hia  evening  with  some  *'croc "  the 
English  name  for  the  pleasant  invention  of 
Adbuiiral  Grograra ;  his  servant  enlcra,  to 
annoxmce  that  the  chief  executioner  with  a  file 
of  soldiers  have  just  dropped  in,  to  say  a  wonl 
on  a  matter  of  business  Irom  the  Empress. 

The  awful  functionary,  on  stalking  into  the 
room,  exclaimed,  "  I  am  corae — '' 

"Well,  I  see  you  are,"  replied  the  Banker, 
tr^g  to  be  facetious,  but  feeling  like  a  man 
with  a  Bndden  attack  of  ague. 

"  By  command  of  the  Einpresa  ! " 

"Long  may  she  live!"  ejaculates  Suther- 
land, heartily. 

"  It  ia  really  a  very  delicate  affair,"  fiaya 
the  eiecntiouer ;  who,  like  the  French  Sam- 
son,  is  a  humane  man  ;  "  and  I  do  nut  know 
how  to  break  it  to  you.*' 

"  Oh,  pray,  don't 'hesitate.  TVTiat  would  you 
like  to  take  ?"  asked  the  Rinker,  spilling  the 
^rog-  he  tried  to  hand  to  the  horrid  functionary, 
trom  sheer  tright. 

llie  Envoy  shakes  hia  head  grind v,  "It  is 
what  wc  must  all  come  to  some  day,*  he  adds, 
after  a  short  pause, 

**  Wliat  is  /  In  Heaven's  name  do  not  keep 
me  longer  in  auapense  !"  cries  the  Banker, 
his  very  visible  knees  knocking  to;;ather  with 
agonising  rapidity. 

"  I  have  been  sent,"  answers  the  awfVil 
mes.senj.rcr ;  ag.-dn  he  stops — looks  corap«»- 
sioniitcTy  at  his  destined  %actim. 

••WcUf" 

"  By  the  Eiupress  "— 

'♦Ikoowi" 


"2 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDSl 


"Stuffed!"  saitli  the  EiecuUoner  moum- 
fuHy," 

'Tlic  Ernikcr  3Lneke<l, 

*'  Stuiied  !"  repeats  the  xnan^  Iacf>nically 
IxaintUig  U>  a  bird  ill  a  glass  caiae,  to  prevent 
there  l»eiug  any  niiatake  in  Sttt)ierlaiid'«  miud 
M  to  fbo  uftture  of  the  operation  he  ia  to  be 
t'fillod  uxMja  to  undergo. 

The*  Executioner  now  lava  his  hand  signi- 
fiiioiitly  on  poor  Sutherland's  ooltjvr,  >md  looks 
itiU.>  bis  fjOLce  as  if  to  inquire  if  he  had  any 
pai'ticular  or  peculiar  fancy  oa  to  the  mode  in 
which  he  would  like  to  go  lhi*ough  the  prepa- 
mtoiy  opei'ation  of  being  killed. 

"  1  liave  brought  the  sl.niw,"  he  says,  "  and 
two  iuisistants  are  without.  The  Euipreaa 
cannot  wait ;  and  we  have  not  got  your 
measure  for  the  glasa  case  yet.*' 

The  Banker  looks  the  veiy  picture  of 
abject  misei-y  ;  Vjut  Britona  in  foreign  couie* 
dieSj  are  always  ready  to  buy  everything, 
lUid  the  Banker  had  Lived  long^  enough  in 
Rusaia  to  know  the  value  of  a  bribe.  He 
therefore  offers  one  so  considerable,  tliat  his 
ijrlui  visitor  is  touched,  and  endeavours  to 
bill  his  fiense  of  duty  to  sleep  by  a  sopdiistiy. 

"  I  was  toldj  indeed,  to  have  vou  stuffed," 
he  i"e:u?oiia,  "  and  got  ready  for  the  Empreae  ; 
but  nothing  was  said  aliout  tinie  ;  so  I  don't 
aiind  giving  you  half-an-ljour  if  you  can 
Halisfy  these  gentlemen — and  he  turuH  to  his 
sasociatee. 

Tt  is  briefly  done,  Tlie  Banker  payn  like 
a  man  whose  life  depends  on  his  lilierality — 
wc  fiU[»poae  several  millions — for  the  Execu- 
tioner remarks  tliat  he  cannot  forget  that 
jt  groom  in  England  firequently  receives 
several  thousandd  ateriing  a  year;  this  b 
I  ver>'  prevalent  idea  among  the  Fmnk* 
teh  and  Teutonie  nations  of  tlie  Continent 
Wc  once  he;u*d  a  Spanish  general  assert, 
in  a  lai-ge  assembly,  that  the  u»ual  pay  of 
an  English  ensign  was  five  htmilred  pounds 
a  month,  .\a  idea  doubtless  derived  from  eorae 
Iberian  (iranialiat ;  and  therefore  a  public  func- 
tionary bke  the  Executioner  must  be  remune- 
rated proportlonably  higher.  The  euomious 
pet'iuniiu-y  sacrifice  gets  for  Siitherhunl  eome 
nalf-hour'a  respite ;  which  he  wisely  uses 
by  flying  to  the  British  Ambassador,  Sir 
Bifstik,  and  awaits  the  result  with  gi'eat 
anguliiih. 

sir  Eifbtik  goes  to  the  Eniprefti*.  He  is 
admitted.  He  tiaks  if  Her  Majesty  be  aware 
of  the  ixtdition  of  a  British  subject  named 
Sutherland  ? 

•*  Excellent  man,"  says  Her  MajestT,  "  No  J 

^^^lati8it]" 

sir  Difetik  bows  low  at  the  toneu  of  the 
Imperial  voice,  and  now  begins  to  explain 
himself  with  something  more  than  diplo- 
matic haste;  thinking,  perhaps,  that  already 
the  fivtal  straw  rotiy  be  filling  the  Banker 'a 
meml»ers. 

Imperial  Catherine  does  not,  of  course,  con- 
eider  the  putting  to  death  of  a  mere  Scotch 


AJtiiJUfkf  at  cA«  OfBt^  Jr«b  4  Wtmagtm  »iem  liatfli,8tTud.  rilu«4%f  lla4»M&t  b  \&^ui». 'n\ 


Banker,  and   making  him    in   ^f---^'^*^ 
fitjme  of  hia  brethi^en  are  sou. 
figuratively — a    man  of   stra%\ 
fttStj  I   and  seta  the  ambassador  dowii 
miud  as  a  person  of  wild   republican 
who  ought  to  be  recalled  hs  noon  as 
by  his  Oovemraent,  and  placed  under 
Burv'eilhmoe ;    but    nevertheless,   fthe 
some  enquiries  to  I»e  niatle,  and  learns 
it  Ls  in  eoneequeace   of  her  having  ox 
"  Sutherland  "  to  be  stuJled  that  ho 
bably  then  undergoing  that  operaiion. 

Sir  Bifstik  exjn-eascs  such  horror  and 
steruatioa  at  this  intelligence,  tlmi 
Emprei^  believes  his  mind  to  be  iIistm 

**  What  possible  consequence  can  ' 
dental  stufting  of  a  Scotcn  banker  b«  U#  yo<fc.| 
milor  ?  "  she  suith. 

*' '  The  ac-ci-dcn-t-al  atuJf-ingia  of  a  > 
Bankei-s  !  "  in  a  German  idiom  not 
used    by    our    nobility,    g:usj>s    Sir 
mechanically,   with   pale    lijts   and    ' 
hair. 

"  Take  him  away  !   He  is  mad  I  " 
the  Empres^  thinking  thrd    nu  sm 
could  be  conccmeti  about  ^ 
and  in  another  moment  li 
international  laws  would  h.ive  L>eeii 
(on  the  stage),  and  Great  Britiiin  in> 
profane  hands  being  laid  on  the  pei-sou  uf  Lcr 
ambiiBsador,  when  all  at  once  a  h^'ht  brvAk* 
over  the  mind  of  Her  Maj' 
of  somethhig  forgotten.    *^i 
Rusaian  noncltnlance  quite  - 
"  Oh,  I  remember ;  now  it  i 
My  poor  little  dog  (1  hatl  :  .^ 
died  yesterday,  and  I  wisheil   li 
preBer%^ed.     Cher  chkn  !    His  i 
same  as  thai  of  the  Banker,  I  y 
that  cruel  Death  sliould  lake  »// 

**  But  Mr.  Sutherhvnd  has,  pei  luq.<?,  **Uts.t*l¥ 
been  mui-dered  ! "  gasjia  the  ambn^^rMlor.  *M 
pray  that  your  Majesty  will  h  , 

Laving  him  released,  should  he  1 

"Ahy  true  I  I  never  thought  oi  nun  ; 
turns  the  Empress. 

The  order  is  finally  ifflued  ?'"'  ^^'^'hoft- 
land  rescued,  just  as  the  Execu  yra 

angry  at  his  unreasonable  i-eniM  ,  rr- 

soh^es  to  delay  no  longer  in  executing  the 
Imperial  commands.  To  put  the  co-jp-^it- 
ffrace  on  the  comic  agony  of  the  iioor  liankeir, 
bis  immense  red  crop  of  hair  lias,  in  that 
htdf  hour  of  frightful  miccrtainty^  ttinicd 
white  as  snow  j 

Sam  rtady,  Friee  5j,6J.,  ntAtl^  Bound  i«  ClitA 

THE    FIRST   VOLUME 
or 

HOUSEHOLD    WORDS. 


ISAUtMwf  MenlM^,  friu  %L,  Stamped,  34, 

THE    HOUSEHOLD    NARRATIVi 

CUKRCNT  EVENTS. 

THwt  MmtVjf  Suffkmmt  ^  tt,tu*thclJ  WordM^  eanbiinlmf 
*iH«rjt  &/  the  f>twi$fii  moiUK  '«  ^m«|  rcguUitlff  with  iM 


'•Familiar  in  their  Moulhs  as  HOUSEHOLD  fTORD^."— SnAEi 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS 

A    WEEKLY    JOTJKNAL 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES     DICKENS. 


».] 


aATURDAT,  OCTOBER  19,  1850. 


[PBlCB2rf. 


POOB  MAJTS  TALE  OF  A  PATENT. 

n«  for  print.    What 
Eibours  le»  (some 
iu^d  CiirLitui:t3  Time   aud  Easter 
led)    tliAn     twelve    or    fourteen 
T    '         been  aaked  to 
.  ot  to  say  ;  and 
.   „   it  to  the  best  of 
will  find  excuse. 
1  n,  but  have  worked 

mm  Ml  (what  yen  would 

fall  '»1  I  Shops),  ahnost  ever 

aiO)0e  1  %.  time.     I  ser^'od   my 

a]rfTrrti*?f^  1,  nigh  where  I  wuh 

I    '  1  ma  a  iiuiih  by  trade.    My  name 

I   have   been  called  "Old  John*' 
letet^n   year  of  age,  on 
much  hair.     I  am  fifty- 
^  e  present  time,  and   I 

myself  with  more   h.<iir,  nor  yet 
to  signify,  than  at  nineteen  year  of 
id. 
ive  been  married  five  and  thirty  year, 
WfXi   April.      I  was   married   on   All 
Xitxy.    1^  them  laugh   that  vda.    I 
gitad   wife  that  day,  and    it   was  as 
e  a  iIhv  to  me,  ra  ever  I  had. 

of  ten  children,  aix 

idest  son  is  engineer 

•cet  "  Mezzo  Gioruoi, 

^  and  Naples,  and 

''■>m,    ana     Civita 

workman.     He 

'?    thiuga  that 

two  sons 

i  Walea— 

lium.     Une  of  my 

1   an* I    for  a   soldier, 

'vine  six  weeks 

1  lo^ed  in  his 

e  wim  his  own 

\'j;.    One  of  my 

itortable  in  her 

be  chest.     The 

juil    run   away 

A  she  and 

ns.      The 


tans  (Jatnes) 


jber  in  ti 
thr«e    cli 


_         MX    ytAi*  ^  old,   hask  a    tarn    for 
iDtidMuiicik 

I  am  not  a  Chartist^  and  I  oflttr  w^as.  I 
dimH  mean  to  say  but  what  T  tee  a  ^oo«l 
nnuiy  pubU*:  points  to  Mm  plain  o^  atill  1 


don't  think  that  'a  the  way  to  set  them  right. 
If  I  did  think  so,  I  should  be  a  Chartist. 
But  I  don^t  think  bo,  and  I  am  not  a  Chartist. 
I  read  the  paper^  and  hear  discission,  at  what 
we  call  '*a  parlor'*  in  Birmingham,  and  1 
know  many  good  men  ajid  worlanen  who  are 
Chartists.     Note.  Not  Physical  force. 

It  won't  be  took  as  boastful  in  me,  if  1 
make  the  remftrk  (for  I  can't  put  down  what 
I  have  got  to  say»  \\nthont  putting  tlmt  down 
before  going  any  further),  that  I  have  always 
been  of  an  ingenious  turn,     I  once  got  twenty 

found  by  a  screw,  and  it's  Ln  use  now, 
have  been  twenty  year,  off  and  on,  com- 
pleting an  Invention  and  perfecting  it.  I 
perfected  of  it,  last  Christmas  Eve  at  ten 
o'clock  at  night.  Me  and  my  wife  stood  and 
let  some  tears  fall  over  the  Model,  w^hen  it 
was  done  and  I  brought  her  in  to  take  a  look 
at  it. 

A  friend  of  mine,  by  the  name  of  William 
Butcher,  is  a  Chartist.  Moderate,  lie  is  a 
good  speaker.  He  is  very  imimated.  I  have 
often  heiixd  him  deliver  that  what  is,  at  every 
turn,  in  the  way  of  us  working-men,  is,  that 
too  many  places  have  been  made,  in  the 
course  of  time,  to  provide  for  peoj)le  that 
never  ought  to  have  been  provide*!  for  ;  and 
that  we  have  to  obey  forma  and  to  pay  fees  to 
sxipport  those  places  when  we  shouldn  t  ought. 
'*True;*  (delivers  William  Butcher),  '*all  the 
pubUc  has  to  do  this,  but  it  falls  heaviest  on 
the  working  man,  because  he  has  leaat  to 
spare ;  and  likewise  because  impedimenta 
stouldn't  be  put  in  his  way,  when  he  wantii 
redress  of  wrong,  or  furthei*ance  of  right." 
Note.  I  have  wrote  down  those  words  from 
William  Butcher's  own  mouth.  W.  B.  de- 
livering them  fresh  for  the  aforesaid  purpose. 

Now,  to  my  Model  again.  Tliere  it  was, 
perfected  of,  on  Christmas  Eve,  gone  nigh  a 
year,  at  ten  o^clock  at  night.  All  the  money  I 
could  spare  I  had  laid  out  upon  the  Model ; 
and  when  times  was  bad,  or  my  daughter  Char- 
lotte's children  sickly,  or  both,  it  had  stood 
still,  months  at  a  sjwlL  I  had  pulled  it  to 
pieces,  and  made  it  over  again  with  im- 
provements, I  don't  know  how  often.  There 
it  stood,  at  List,  a  perfected  Model  as  afore- 
said. 

William  Butcher  and  me  had  a  long  talk, 
Christruaa  Day,  respecting  of  the  Model. 
William  is  very   sensible.      But  sometimea 


%fy 


\ 


nOUSEHOLD  WOKDS. 


cranky-  William  sjiid,  "  What  will  j'ou  do 
with  It,  John  ?"  I  said,  "Patent  it/'  Wil- 
linm  said,  **  How  Putcnt  it,  John  1"  I  »id, 
"B^-  taking  out  a  PiiWiit."*  WiUiam  tht-n 
deUvertx]  that  the  law  of  Patent  wo^  a  cniel 
wrong.  "WilJiara  sjiid,  "  John,  if  you  make 
your  invention  public,  befoi*e  you  get  a  Patent, 
anyone  may  rob  you  of  the  fruita  of  your 
hanl  work.  You  sire  put  in  a  ch»ft  itick, 
John.  Either  vou  must  drive  a  bai^ain 
very  much  agaWt  youreelf^  by  getting  a 
|>aity  to  come  forward  buforcihand  with  the 
great  expenaea  of  the  Patent  ;  or^  you 
nui8t  tw  [lut  about,  from  pogt  to  pillar, 
among  so  many  parties,  tiding  to  nuake  a 
better  bargain  for  yourself,  and  showing  your 
invention,  that  your  luvcntion  will  be  took 
fi'om  you  over  your  head."  I  said,  "  William 
Butcher,  are  vou  cranky  ?  You  are  aome- 
tinica  cranky.'  Williara  said,  '*No  John, 
I  tell  you  the  trath  f  whieli  he  then  deli- 
vered more  at  length.  I  said  to  W.  B.  I 
wo*dd  Patent  the  inventitvn  mygelf. 

My  wife's  brother,  George  Bury  of  West 
Brom-wich  (liia  wife  unfoilunately  took  to 
drinking,  made  away  with  evervihLng;,  and 
aevcnteen  times  committed  t<j  Birmingham 
Jail  before  happy  release  in  every  point  of 
view),  left  my  wife,  his  sister^  when  he  died, 
a  legacy  of  one  hundi'ed  and  twenU'-eight 
pound  ten,  Bank  of  England  Stocks.  Me  and 
my  wife  had  never  broke  into  that  money 
yet.  Note.  We  might  come  to  be  old,  and 
paat  our  work.  We  now  agreed  to  Patent 
the  Inventinn.  We  said  we  would  make  a 
hole  in  it— I  mean  in  the  aforesaid  money — 
auii  Patent  the  inventioru  William  Butolber 
wrote  me  a,  letter  to  Thomas  Joy,  in  I-ondon. 
T.  J,  i»  a  carpenter,  «ix  foot  four  in  height, 
and  pUiya  quoits  well.  He  lives  in  Chelsea, 
Li>ndon,  by  the  church.  1  got  leave  from  tlie 
»hop,  to  b2  took  on  again  when  I  come  Iwick. 
1  am  a  goo«l  workman.  Not  a  Teetotidler ;  but 
never  drunk.  MTien  the  Chriatmaa  holidays 
^gtn^  over,  I  went  up  to  I^ndon  by  the 
•Wiirliamentary  Train^  and  liired  a  lotlging  for 
9,  week  with  Tlioiiiiui  Joy.  He  ia  raajTie<l. 
He  has  one  in>u  giMie  to  sea. 

ThomaB  Joy  delivered  (from  a  book  he  ha^l) 
that  the  first  «tep  to  be  took,  in  Patenting 
the  inveotaofi,  was  to  pref»are  u  petition  unto 
Queen  Victx^ria.  William  Butcher  had  deli- 
vere4  sinular,  and  tlrawn  it  irp,  Kote^  Wil- 
liam w  a  ready  ivTiter.  A  deetaration  before 
a  ^Tnatcr  in  Chartcery  was  to  be  added  to  it. 
Tlvat,  we  Vdtcwiae  drew  up.  Alter  a  ileal  of 
trouble  1  found  out  a  Master,  in  Southampton 
Buildings,  Chancery  Lane^  ni^h  Temple  Bai", 
where  1  made  the  declaration,  and  paid 
eighteen] ience,  T  w.xs  told  to  take  the  declara- 
tion ana  iH'tititm  t^j  the  Home  Office,  in 
Whitehall,  where  I  left,  it  to  be  signed  by  the 
Home  Secretary  (after  I  had  found  the  oMce 
Otttj  and  where  I  paid  two  pound,  two,  and 
aixpence.  In  six  days  he  signed  it,  and  I 
was  told  to  take  it  to  the  Attorney-General  s 
chambers,  and  leave  it  there  for  a  report.    1 


did   act,  and   i>aid  four  pound,  four.      "K^ 
Nobodv.  all  thi^uch,  ever  thankful  for  tl^i 

n-p-  -■  '- "  ■    '■-■I 

1  i:is  Joy's  was  fiov  hii>4 
fi..  ...,  ,  ,..,creof  t'l'' 'i'»^  - '^'■' '■■'  Tr.^e, 

The  j\  '  Tieral  mii'  l.^l 

a  Pep  i^e  (mv  ii  .   m 

William  P-utckcr  had  deiivertn]  iMt'ore  Kt-irnic; 
unopjiofted),  and  I  waa  sent  back  wjtb  if  t^f 
the  Home  Office.  They  made  a  Cop}  rf  \ 
which  was  called  a  WaiTant,  For  tl>v.  w^. 
rant,  I  paid  «e#Bn  pound,  thirteen,  nrul  nix. 
It  was  Bent  to  the  Queen,  to  Fii^m.  Tlx  r^ieai 
sent  it  back,  signed.  Th«  ^'  ;  "'  in 
signed  it  again.    The  goi  i  ■'  a 

at  me  whan  I  called,  and  it 

to  the  Patent  Office  in  IJji  ,** 

then   in   my  third  week   at    i  jjj* 

living  very  sparing,  on  acconnt  ot'  feoi 
found  myself  insuv;z  honrt. 


r.it.  they 
*'(  mj 

ri<j    •:'.'r  tho 
P)-i  ^v  'S«rvl 


At  the  Paten « 
made  "a  ib-aft 
invention,  and  a  "  dv- 
five  pound,  ten,  and  - 
grossed  two  oopee  oi  iH'    imjI  ; 
Signet  Office,  and    one    fur   tlie 
Omce."    I  paid  one  pound,  proven,  oi;  '  -•"  '  ■ 
this.     Stamp    duty  over    .'mid    abv^ 
pound.    The  Eiigroasing  ClejU  <  f 
office  engrossed   the  Queen'd   > 
tore.    I  paid  him  one  poiuid, 
duty,  again,  one  pound,  teiu     j 
take  the  Queen's  bill  to  the  Att« 
again,  ami  get  it  feigned  again.    I  to. 
paid  five  pound  more.    1  fetched  it  ii 
took  it  to  the  Home  Secretary  agaiti.     Ue 
sent  it  to  the  Queen  again.    She  signod  \i 

again.     T  paid  seven  f>ouud,  thlr   '     - 

more,  for  this.     I  had  been  ov 

Thomas  Joy's.  I  waa  quite  wore  .i.,  j .,. .-..,- 

and  pockets 

Tliomaa  Joy  delivered  all  thin 
on-  to  W'ilUam  Butcher.     Will 
delivered    it    again    to     three 
Parlors,  from  which  it  got  i'> 
Parlors,  and  was  took,  n&  I  I 
since,   right   through  all    the   ^h^i'-A  in 
North  of  Enghmd.    Note.     WilJiiim  Bu 
delivered,  at  his  Parlor,  in  a  s|>eech,  that  it 
wa«  a  Patent  way  of  making  Chartists. 

But  I  hadn't  nigh  done  yet.  The  QueaC^ 
bill  was  to  be  took  to  the  Signet  Oflioe  Sa 
Somerset  House,  Strand — where  the  stiusip 
shop  is.  The  Clerk  of  the  Signet  mflde  **• 
Signet  bill  for  the  Lord  KeejxT  of  tlie 
Seal."  I  paid  him  four  pound,  wrven 
Clerk  of  the  Lorrl  Keeper  of  the  Pri 
Seal  made  "a  Privy -Seal  bdl  for 
Lord  Chancellor.'*  I  paid  him,  four 
two.  The  Privy-Seal  bill  Wiia  hajn" 
to  the  Clerk  of  the  Patents,  who  en^ 
the  aforesaid,  I  paid  him  five  pound, 
teen,  and  eight  ;  at  the  same  time,  I 
Stamp-duty  for  tlie  Patent,  in  one 
thirty  pound,  I  neit  paid  for  "*  K  „ 
the  Patent,"  nine  and  aixj>ence.  Note.  Thomas 
Joy  would  hare  made  the  same  at  a  profit 


Priify 


tl» 


del 


n 


paid 

one    lump, 


THE  KKW  ZEALAND  ZATJBERFLOTE. 


75 


ythtn   f  ^^^ 
for  Ok 


1^' 


Cli«rl 

tion.    Bui 

isakc  a  xaxu  IlU  ;i^  ii^  lu 

■imu  liaproTfsitait  roeiml 


"   :;iKi  '^  h<*a  Ut  the 

i  I  *'  fees  to  the 

Itouiid,  thirtet-ii. 

,  ity  Clerk  of  the 

I  next  pairi,  to  the 

■■-'  poimd,  eleven^  and 

to  tU*j  Deputy 

."  ten  aliillingB 

'  Thomas  Joy's 

PpciBed  Patent 

*     '    >\  cost 

'  thnn  thi'ee  hundred 

\       ijie  up  but  vety 

it*-.     So   much   the 

y.     J  say  the  some. 

vyear  youngei*thau 

>'ear  juore.    If 

i  to  Pateut  an 

:   than 

Mods 

if  so 

limes 

-^  .^and 


il  that  ejcpeoBe 

r!     Make    the 

J  a  to  nliifty'Rix 

No  nu>re,  and 

I  way  a£Aiu«t  Williaia  Butcher, 

'      '*>-"—'      ^  '       ^     rr-tary, 

.  the 

..u,  the 

.  the  Lord 

rk  of  the 
[  tlio  IIraii.'i|M'r, 
Deputy   rhalf- 


rf  my  being  tired 

t  iiig  uiy  inven- 

.  L   reasouable  to 

iiiviLjiting  nil  bige- 

to  do  ^ocifh  be  liiul 

.3  at 

LVkviili^        Olit       a 

:xi  the  expense, 

'   .  Ill     t  K-i  . '.  ii  m  [  i-i» 


it? 


T  b 


hiws  of  this  country  wi  i  '  '    v 

ought  to  be,  you  would   \  u 

— registeretl  au  ei;i  *    '  u  .mu  iii.)%vnig 

of  your  mveutioL  t-A-crown  or  so 

for  dobig  of  it— and  .........  and  thureby  have 

got  your  Patent." 

^Iv  opinion  ia  the  same  aa  Thomns  Joy, 
Further.  In  WUlmm  Butchcra  delivering 
"  that  the  whole  gang  of  Hanapera  and  Chatf 
waxoi  mnst  be  done  away  with,  and  that 
Eoglaod  hiut  beeu  cha^kl  and  waxed  iuM- 
cient,"  I  agree. 


THE  NEW  ZEALAND  ZAUBERFLOTE. 

IN  THOSE  CH&ITXS&i— CHAFTKa  I. 

EvERTBODT  who  loves  wonderftil  mneic 
knows,  or  ought  to  know,  Mostart's  Magic 
Flute  {Zavberji^te) ;  but  we  are  <|uit€  sure 
there  are  few,  indeed^  who  know  anvihing 
about  the  Magic  Flute  wliich  a  certaiii  New 
ZttJand  chief  invented  fur  a  spin^itd  and 
ori^al  occasion,  and  played  uptui  in  a  very 
gi'im  an(i  ori^iinal  manner.  This  story,  though 
a  curious  mixture  of  the  grand  and  grott'sciue, 
and,  perhape,  the  improbable,  is  nt>t  without 
its  serious  moral  meaning.  It  ehtiuiB  to  be 
regarded  aa  hiatoiicab  For  the  authenticity 
of  ita  foundations  we  refer  the  rejidcr  t^  an 
extremely  interesting  work,  entitled,  "  Savage 
Life  aiid  Scenes  m  Austi-alia  and  New 
Zealand,'*  *  by  George  French  Angaa^  who,  in 
the  course  of  a  journey  of  eight  hundred  mUea 
on  foot  through  the  latter  country,  actually 
Baw  the  chief,  who  is  the  hero  of  the  tale, 
together  with  the  Magic  Flute  on  which, 
many  years  ago,  he  was  ao  unintentional,  yet 
so  extraordinary,  a  perfbnner. 

'*  Taonui,  King  of  Mokau,"  says  our  traveller 
'*  was  one  of  the  moat  powerful  and  Bupcr&titious 
of  the  okl  heathen  chiofB,  and  was  scrupulou&ly 
attached  to  the  religion  of  the  Tohunga.  Around 
his  neck  he  used  to  wear  a  small  flute,  constructed 
out  of  the  leg-bone  of  Pomor,  a  northern  enemy  of 
his  tribe ;  and  upon  thia  instrument  he  at  one 
time  played  with  peculiar  satiafiiction.'*  ToL  iL 

p  8a 

We  have  ako  heard  tlmt  this  barbarian 
chief  luul  in  hia  poasesaion  a  auit  of  ai-mour 
which  waa  given  by  one  of  the  kings  of  England 
to  the  Bay  of  Islands  chief,  the  v;SiriT)t  h^!i<m|,H, 
or  E.  Hoiigi,  when  that  wmnior  nipi  f  I 

on  some  Question  of  terri tor}'.    Tla  l 

history  ot  the  armour  since  the  timo  ^A  ^ui-rj^ji 
L^  very  curious,  but  by  no  means  so  extra- 
onUuanr*  and  interv-'Sting  lus  the  subbequcnt 
historj^  of  the  fiutc,  which  we  have  obtained 
from  private  aoujcea,  and  now  present  to  oar 
i-eadens, 

Taonui  was  a  great  chief  in  Mokau,  when 
the  king  of  that  country  was  at  war  with  a 
neighbouring  potentate  nameil  Te  Pomar,  of 
the  ti'ibe  of  Waikatoto.    The  king  being  very 


.  ,  ^         '  : .     ,      J     •  C>r,  on  ArtiBfa  ImnrtMimt  of  Gmattrift  owJ  f^opl*  <• 

lu  me.  wUm  We  parted,  ''Juhn,  Lt  the|iA«.i»*ip«lrt^Two^«li,;B»V«H,l.>A«r,%tA<io^\ss«fl. 


76 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


ill  on  the  lunrmng  of  a  Kettle,  ordered  himself 
to  be  carried  to  the  field  on  a  litter,  and  set 
down  ID  the  thick  of  the  fight.  In  this  state, 
witli  the  diirts,  and  clubs,  and  tomahawka  of 
friends  and  fues  all  whirling  about  hb  head, 
he  sau^'  his  war-Bong,  nud  iso  died.  A  tenible 
sontest  then  U^dk  place  over  Ids  body,  which 
WJW  eventually  carried  otf  by  Te  Pomar,  not- 
wtthfltmiding  all  the  furious  efforts  of  Tadniii. 
But  the  great  warrior  Te  Pomar,  knowinff  how 
much  the  old  king  had  been  beloved,  and  also 
greatly  revering  hini  for  the  heroic  manner  of 
his  death,  nobly  restored  the  body,  and  sent  a 
present  of  honour  with  it  for  the  funeral  cere- 
tnoines.  Hi}  aJso  proposed  honourable  terms 
of  future  peace,  which  were  accepted  by  a 
majority  of  the  chiefa  of  both  trii>ea.  Thia 
nobleness  of  To  Pomar  galled  the  nnde  of 
TaOnui  as  much  as  the  caiTying  off  the  body 
from  the  battle-field  had  eurjuytni  bis  warlike 
spirit.  However,  he  bore  it  all  with  haughty 
and  unbroken  nilence. 

But  a  contest  over  the  body  of  a  very  dif- 
ferent kind  now  ensued.  Several  Catholic  mia- 
gionaries  ha<:l  been  for  Bome  tirao  in  Mokau, 
where  by  thuir  skill  in  m«diciue  and  surgery 
they  ha^lmuch  in^^ratiatcd  themselvea  with  the 
people,  and  they  hati  contrived  ^adually  to 
make  a  great  many  converts.  Hitherto  they 
biM.1  managed  all  this  verj'^  gently,  and  b)^ 
i*ca6oning,  aud  strong  appeals  to  the  imagi- 
nation ;  out  the  death  of  the  king  waa  a  great 
opportunity  for  a  bold  elfort  at  a  wholeaale 
conversion.  They,  therefore,  stepped  forward, 
jiud  declaretl  tliat  the  permisflion  which  had 
been  given  them  by  the  old  king  to  dwell  in 
his  countPr^,  and  teach  their  religion  to  tho«e 


w)m. 
h. 

CiK  ^ 
to  thei 
roBe  it 


'"<  to  listen  to  theio^  was  a  aign  that 
]  I  .id  been  a  convert  in  his  heart, — 
,  ))»•  i^hould  be  buried  according 
I  cei-emoniea.  At  thia,  TaOnui 
<\\d  inaiated  that  the  body  of 
the  king  sliMuld  t>«  buried  in  a  secret  cave, 
according  to  their  old  heathen  custom  with 
the  greatest  chiefe.  He  prevailed.  But  whUe 
they  were  bearing  the  tody  to  a  place  from 
whence  it  was  to  )>c  taken  by  night  to  the  secret 
cave,  there  suddenly  arrived  the  daughter  of 
Te  Pomar.  Her  najue  wit»  TeOra ;  she  w^as  a 
l>eautiful  girl  of  thirteen,  and  had  just  become 
a  convert  to  Christianity.  She  came  with 
ninny  attendants,  and  presents,  and  propoeals 
of  laBting  peace  bc'tween  the  tribe  of  her  Mher, 
the  Waikatotos,  and  that  of  Mokau,  These 
were  accepted  by  the  majority  of  the  chiefs  ; 
but  a  miaaiomiry  who  accompanied  her,  then 

Eroceeded  to  request  that  the  late  king  should 
e  buried  al^er  the  forma  of  the  new  religion 
that  had  licen  brought  among  them.  Aided 
b^  the  joun^  Teura,  he  was  bo  fai"  successful 
with  the  chiefe  and  poople^  that  the  body 
waa  placed  in  a  shell  of  baaket-work  and 
broad  leaves,  by  way  of  a  coffin,  and,  being 
hoisted  on  the  shouldera  of  six  of  the  converts^ 
they  were  bearing  it  o^  attended  by  a  large 
itinrourse.  They  approached  the  entrance  of 
a  wood,  where  a  grave  had  been  dug.    At  thia 


juncture,  Taonui,   in  his  war-n 

all  his  arms,  met  them  on  th* 

darted  at  the  coffin,— overt  hi>  n> 

violent  a  shock,  that  fouj-  »>f  the  si 

rolled  over  with  it  on  the  gni«^    hr 

the  l»rly  of  the  old  king  out  of 

calling  upon  all  those  who  r» 

heathen   faith    of   their    fathei-s    •' 

ancestoi-s,  to  rally  roiuid  him,  cam* 

body,  after  a  brief  struggle,  in  wliiuL  aoWi 

were   wounded   on   both    sidea,  smd   oevinfl 

killed.     TeGra  rcturne*i  to  Te  V 

bad  newH  ;  and  Taouui,  for  thl^ 

and  valour,  Nvaa  immediat-!'  ^ 

Mokau.  The  missionaines, 

of  the  converts,  were  dri\   .:        . 

religion  of   the  Tohunga,  with   ali 

heathen  fomiB,waj8  re^establiuhed  in  n 

barbarity. 

Te  Pomar  held  a  council  of  cliief*  to  d 
mine  what  amount  of  reparation  the 
demand  of  the  Mokaurie  tribe  for  t 
outrage  on  their  offers  of  ]»eaf"t» ;  thi 
however,    waa    epeedll}*   «eUle-d    1  ;, 
who  declared  war  upon  f^     m    'i 
theh*  interference  with  tli 
monies  ; — and  all  the  forn:. .    :. ..... 

immediately  resumed. 

In  the  first  pitche<l  battle  that 
Tadnui,  with    a  \iew    to    gi^niig   the 
alarming  importance  to  the  occiwRion,  cam 
the  suit  of  nisty  luiuour  (steel,  inlaid 
brass)  which   had  l>een  given  to  one  of 
great  predeocasora  by  th«'  V 
carried  amidat  the  front 
warriors.    It  may  be  maUn  n 
King  Tafinui   diil  not  in^-mt  i 
armour,  but  the  thought  never 
to  him,  because  it  wan  held  i;: 
reverence,  as  coming  from  tin 
of  a  great  and  distant  warlike  nation,  wh 
they  took  for  granted  (little  dreaming 
his  Britannic  Majesty  of  that  date  " 
a  great  powdered  wig,  but  never  mn' 
other  sort    of   powder),  had 
it  in  battle.     For  anybody  el- 
wear  it,  would  have  been  irrrv.  i.  ju   i*  t 
"great   friend  over  aeji  ; "    it  xtwint   also 
eoufe8se<l  that  Tadnui,  being  wdl   aw 
tho  weight ;  (havintr  once,  in  secivt,  tri 
armour  on,  after  he l>ecame  king) ;  J»ad 
that  it  would  impede  all  those  movemeuti 
active   skill    ana    chivalrous   diuriiji;    whl 
chanvcterise  the  battles  of  the  aborigm*^,   1 
therefore  displayed  it  «mply  «s  a  "teri^ir, 
and  to  show  that  the  spirit  of  the  gnuit  over-1 
sea  English  warrior  aided  the  righteoa^  UittJef] 
of  the  people  of  Mokau. 

The  result,  however,  was  lar  from  grat 
to  the  supei-wtitious  feeUnga  of  the  Mokau 
Th^  won  this  first  battle,  it  ts  time,  but 
without    considerable    havoc     among    thei 
warriors ;  while,  to  add  to  the  chagrin  of 
disastrous  victory,  Te  Pomar  himself  carri* 
off  in  his  embrace  the  suit  of  sacrend  armour 
The  speare  on  which  it  liad  been  ele\'ated  were* 
broken  aud  cast  upon  t)ie  earth,  and   th 


irM  fifiati J  dragged  by  ropea  through 
b^mntLurj   riTer,    and   so   lost    to    the 

OD  hla  return,  ufsemblcd  all  hia 

varriorB  that  baiuh  ni'jjht,  and  led  them 

rk  wood  i  I  ^vaa  the  cave  of 

IdoL   A  .  inff  some  of  the 

t)%k«^u  in  ('Utile,  aocortung  to  their 

while  the  priests  sung  one  of  their 

^'Ds^tbe  king  made  all  his  chi*?f8 

■a  a  s>olemn  vow  of  vengeance 

uiar,  and  that  they  never  would 

U>  nxake  war  upon  the  Waikatotoa,  till 

iUuiif  and  his  mole  relations   also, 

the   women  were  made  the  slavea  of 

m\.     TVn?  was  accordingly'  sworn  by  the 

tnd  the  priesta  informing 

-[ten  of  the  Idol  assured 

o!  >iii.vv.^  itinj  went  home  very  much 

t.:.  ..;,!..    .^-^^n.  ^  week  passed 

juiering  parties, 

..   ^.ither  a  battle  in 

•^ts  (yillagefi),  or  im 

lo  surpriae  Te  Pomar 

.  o  Fomar  acted  grandly  in 

<  'HT.    He  said  he  preferred 

to  mu-,  oii'J  did  not  like  his  waixiors  to 

<Ki  account  of  a  batlle^ess  which 

'    wear ;    he    therefore    offered 

to  return  it  to  TaOnui  with 

'—    "^  ^   -'■  ]vosed  thn.t  thoy 

il>  and    hritohet, 

...   .i.trely  stipulateil 

MokiiniiL'rf    shoiiidl 

iv.  to  his  rt't:iiiiing| 

tar  the  fyto  showthut; 

>TceTi  c  .  I  snrrender  the  \ 

It  eo  of  his  own  free 

>.  -ii  w\th  a  dt^Lru  t)»ut 

'Mniiuo'iitica  ^iiouJd  be  forgiven  and 

'    '*"    —   -^    1  TePomfvr, 

:i  heathen, 

,    ...  ...wi.ai  sent  tilt! 

and  ]  It' ply  he  could 

-  ,  "  't  1  rub  the  heads 

!  ;  '»tatoe8and 

1 .  he  inoll  take 

*4  U^  »Wiky  tiro'Ui  him  at  the  same 

▼ar  to  the  death  liecame 
tlusee  two   s^reat  chiefs. 


le  o 
was 8eci..._,  ,.^„.^.^  „  ^..i..i,vL  .,.v,..  i,. 
all  ihii  warriors  and  tightiug^uion  lie  could 
1 11^1*  r.     Ai»   soon  as  he  wia  reaiiy,   he  as- 
tire  force  one  mght,^ — crossed 
ines  with  pp(Mr^l  thcii  over  a 


Jty 

llu 


biUiAii   rivti,  ioid   then  t' 
wht«rU  lue^uis  he  ouue  m 
"■    "            who  thought  It   V, 
v^  P*rt>'i  until   sun 
A   great  slaughter    v.  a 
icc»^  Te  Pomar  faUiug  among  t 
hand  of  T----,  -» i^^^. 


-by 

iip>n 

mall 

his 


his  daughter,  TeGra,  with  other  women  of 
his  household,  to  beoome  slaves.  Further- 
more, Ln  fulfilment  of  hia  vow,  and  to  gratify 
his  vengeance,  for  what  he  chose  to  call  his 
wrongs,  and  the  imiignities  put  upon  him, 
TaiOnui  cast  the  remains  of  Te  Pomar  amon^ 
a  heap  of  broken  and  worn -out  war  weapons, 
and  aomestic  utenails  and  refuse,  presening 
only  the  lai^e  bone  of  one  leg.  This  he  care- 
fully dried  and  prepared,  and  then  manufac- 
tured Into  a  native  flute.  He  luatle  some 
rude  carving  over  it,  deacribing  his  last  great 
battle  and  victory. 

Upon  this  Hute  the  king  Rometimea  aroufied 
hia  savage  fancies  in  phiying  ;  and  on  great 
occaaiona  he  even  woi"e  it  round  hia  neck 
attached  by  a  leathern  thong.  The  sound  of 
the  instrument  was  truly  strange  and  doleful. 
If  a  leg-bone  could  have  memory,  and  lament 
its  iDilTen  state,  a  lamentation  to  that  effect 
was  the  only  impression  that  the  ear  of  a  pro- 
perly-constituted human  being  could  derive 
from  the  sound.  But  the  savage  feeling  of 
Taonui  was  far  from  appeaaed  by  the  death  of 
the  great  Te  Pomar,  whose  noble  character  and 
actions  were  well  remembered  by  the  chiefs 
of  both  the  tribes ;  and  however  silent  the 
Mokauries  might  be  on  the  subject  (becanae 
after  a  chief  is  dead  his  name  must  never  be 
mentioned),  what  was  in  their  minds  now  and 
then  glanced  forth  accidentally,  which  re- 
newed the  rage  of  the  king,  tie,  therefore, 
took  a  wicked  pleasure  in  plnyinor  tlii.^  doleful 
flute,  with  which  he  often  celebrated  the 
memory  of  Ida  final  vicloiy  over  the  departed 
chief.  In  a  very  short  time,  he  took  to 
wearing  it  constantly  dangling  from  his  neck; 
and  whenever  he  sat  fltill,  and  was  not 
smoking,  or  after  he  had  remained  thoughtful 
for  hall  an  hour,  he  always  solaced  himself 
with  a  tune  upon  this  unfortunate  flute.  He 
even  taught  his  son,  Waipata,  a  tine  youth  of 
seventeen,  to  play  the  same  hideous  tune,  and 
exhorted  rum  to  treasure  up  the  same  vindic* 
tive  feelings. 

Meanwhile  Tcdra,  the  daughter  of  Te- 
Pomar,  now  a  beautllul  young  gu'l  of  fifbi^n, 
waa  a  slave  to  Kaitcmata,  one  of  the  vriris  of 
the  king — the  oldest  of  them,  the  ugli*i«t,  the 
most  ill-tempered,  and  the  one  he  most  hat^tjd. 
He  could  not  venture  to  get  rid  of  this  wife, 
because,  according  to  a  superstition  of  his 
nation,  very  ugly  old  women  who  were  wivea 
of  chiefs,  oflen  became  witches,  and  he  did 
not  know  what  mischief  Kaitemata  might  be 
able  to  do  him,  or  his  gouts  and  ponitrj-,  to 
say  nothing  of  his  great  drovra  of  wild  pigs. 
So,  to  keep  her  mmd  occupied,  and  also  to 
giTitify  his  hatred  of  the  race  of  Te  Pomar, 
he  gave  Teora  into  her  charge. 

To  the  surprise,  however,  of  th<>  kin?,  he 
found  that  this  cross  old  wife  neither  i>:at, 
nor  even  scolded  TeOra.  The  old  wcman  waa 
in  truth,  brought  into  aii  amiable  state 
towards  thia  young  gii'l  by  her  sweet  and  fur- 
giving  disposition.  But*  TaOnui  attributed 
this  to  a  different  caiisft— ^\uA  ol  >KMi.^  <cS. 


I 


ve9p^  to  himself;  uud,  Imving  removed 
TeOrA  to  wiother  of  liis  \viveB,  he  urdered  hts 
sou  Wnipattt  to  give  ber  a  beating  over  the 
BlKiiild»i»  every  diiV  with  a  whip  mruJu  of 
Btrir>s  of  dogflkiJK 

Now.  the  vouth  did  not  dare  to  diaobey  ; 
but  Aa  he  \iiu\  the  utmost  repu^niuiee  to  strike 
this  young  ghl,  hu  contrivecT  it)  adnmiisler 
the  hlowd  iii  a  way  not  to  give  the  slightest 
paiiJ — in  fut-^t*  after  a  few  mornings,  TeOm 
ceased  to  shed  tt^ai-a  at  the  ifldigrdty,  hut  only 
held  down  her  head,  and  smiled  timidat  her 
bUttdiea,  Sh«»  evi»n,  «.fter  a  few  davs,  entered 
Uil  '  )iim,dui-iugthebt*ating, 

v>  I  vei-sioa  to  Chriatianity. 

ill'  ujii-  ^>ii--  iftM  lung  in  findiajLj  t>ut  how 
he  waa  again  clieuted.  Ho  sent  hig  aon  off  to 
a  distant  hunting-ground,  with  orders  not  to 
speak  for  throe  months  and  three  davB  ;  and 
tnen  sat  himself  down  to  cou«ider  what  cruelty 
he  should  inflict  upon  TeGra.  He  could  not 
condescend  to  raise  his  hnnd  against  her, 
COUbidering  it  beneath  hLa  dignity  as  a  king 
and  a  vjihani  wairior  ;  but,  alter  mature  re- 
fli  '      unsolved  to  wound  her  hi  another 

\\ ;  thia  view^.  he  ordered  her  into 


h. 

d. 

^]'- 

discordant 


over  her  mi 

Having   gntlihed 


■<-'  her  dance^  amidst  her 

i.itioiui,  whik*  he  played 

in  its  londeat  and  nw«t 

•  bnttion  of  his  triumph 

i  father. 

his  reinorsdeaa  love  of 
Vieogeance,  lie  betook  himself  to  a  wood  at 
some  dist^nncc,  and  seating  himself  at  the  foot 
of  a  trecj  began  to  smoke  and  meditate  on  all 
that  \mu\  oc»nu're<l  before  he  ln'came  king  of 
Mokau  ;  till  gradually  he  fell  into  a  train 
of  speculations  on  his  present  state,  and  hud 
r*lans  for  provoking  fresh  hostilities  with  the 
\V.U— f  i--r  iji  the  hope  of  ultimately  sub- 1 
jit  ui   under   nia  own  rule,  or  else' 

dr  ^  lu  awayr  and  seizing  uuon  their  I 
country.  The  ann  hiul  now  set,  ana  his  |i)|k?  I 
was  laid  aside,  but  he  still  contiimed  occupied  I 
with  these  thoughts. 

The  tree  beneath  which  the  kinjj  waa  sitting 
commanded  a  trcblo  prospect.  I^ere  was  the 
dai'k  furest  itself,  with  its  great  trunlcs^  its 
wiiuUng  ways,  deen  nooks,  and  down-sweopiug 
masses  of  thick,  broad-leaved  foliage  ;  and 
there  waa  wi  oi^en  space  on  the  left,  that  led 
downwirda  to  a  grassy  glen,  covered  with 
ridi  IxuU  vf  the  greenest  gni^  over  wliich, 
&t  intervals,  lay  clusters  of  the  t«a-tree  shrub 
iu  full  bloom,  and  the  crimson  fuchsia,  over- 
run by  a  creeper  w^ith  little  white,  bell-shaped 
blossoms,  the  glen  terminating  in  several 
ristaa  ol  wild  loveliness  and  changefid  colour 
in  tlie  fading  light.  To  the  right,  there  was 
a  largo  Xwi)k  in  the  forest,  through  which  an 
undiUAting  sweep  of  land  appeared^  clothed 
with  numerous  armies  of  featner-leaved  ferns, 
of  red  and  of  russet  hue,  that  stood  in  separate 
dirisaons,  over  which  coutinually  went  flutter- 
ing a  number  of  black  and  wlute  moths,  like 
bean-flowers  dancing  adrift  on  the  wind  ;  and 
beyond  the  curling  crests  of  the  dense  amjt 


of  these  vegclabh?  warrior*,  st 

long  BWjunps  of  tohi-tohi  grtiu"^ 

dark  wall  of  bulrushes^  till  f ' 

the   fix*t   of  a  range  of  ' 

mou  n tains — over   tii  f   ' 

blue  and  grey  mom 

whose    heads    again,  , 

peaks   were  just  visiliie,  nimgied  with 

clouds  and  filmy  vafjoura. 

Let  it  not  be  supixusod  that  the  mind 
king  wfi8  at  all  occupied  w*ith  thin  Vjeaf 
scenery;  he  hod  only  ch<-  i 

favourite   smoking   and    u 
account  of  its  distance  fri 
little  chance  of  being  disti' 
the  shadoi*  of  evening  \s 
prepared  to  ilejjart ;  fi>r,  t ' 
valiant  waniur,  nnd  !'l^' 
of  men  in  Ids  mind, 
of  his  superetitiuna  \» 
of  the  ahirm  coiuuku 
prospect   of    l)eing   \^ 
Before  he  ixtse,  howevti, 
pcrfonned  hi«  u«ual  tiino 
and,  1  •  ■ 
of  spii 

struiiki  lii»  fiplcn* 

•-"■^  ■      ■, ■ ■■  "' 

1  iinju*.    As  he  ^ 

:u  he  liail  ai'lsei 

last  part  of  the  stnun,  or  r; 

squealing,  waa  repeated  by  th 

— ^then   hy  the  echoes  fi 

time  with  certain  mo<lii! 

the  \'istas  lK?yond  the  jk;l«n  — l 

undulating  land»  with  its  ani 

still  with   graiAatious  th;(<    ^ 

harmonious — till  finally,  1 1 

fvi  T"  ^    ' '   us  part^  of  th«   . 

:  illy  modulated  : 

ir     :_  ai  of  music.     It  M.i?  ^ 

and   solemn,  like  the  lofty  deaUi-mHrcb 

aoiae  great  hei'o. 

Tadnui  sat  listening  with  a  p- 

sion  uf  Hwe,     Tlie  march  w;t« 

all  aroimd  wiis  silent,    Ur 

to  understand,  nor  what  h 

somehow  or  other,  he  a- 

tune  of  triumph  he  hmi 

and  conse<iuently  with    i 

Pomai*.     Sliould  he  fear  .^ 

he  had  defied  and  ovi  rtl 

No : — and  yet,— the  U 

come  back,  luid  then 

or  at  all  events  able  i 

iarly  when  the  air  Wi- 
lt was  now  tv^-ilight,  .Uid  ;^s  ihe  kiui|  hftd 

no  mexms  immediately  at  Imnd  of  proeuri]ij|& 

lighted  stick,  without  tlie  j  *     V  L 

no  Mokauiie  likes  to  lie 

he  started  up,  and  strode  um  • 
He  had  not  jji-ooeeded  far,  b^  t 

adihaxned  of  Ins  r* nx  ,11  ,-.!,,,, 

and  proportion:. 

Recovering  him>  f 

head,  he  presently  arrived  at  the  opituon  tLxt 


M 


£ 


THE  NEW  5iEAI^\ND  ZAUBEKIXOTE. 


79^ 


L«<  ki*l  rt^W  beard  no  micii  tiling — it  wtta  a 
I— he  hnd  laileu  asleep  without  knowing 
wiis  a«leep  vrhen  he  had  fancied  hini- 
rnte.     How  shoiild  aoch  munic  )>ii:>c*ied 

frrnn  fh*'  vile  flute  {    It  waa  not  ^^Rjfisihle.    He 

viiujM   pinv  ruj^vm,  as  he  walkc^l  homi»W!irti  ; 

aa<i  1  ''s  intent,  hi 

mtch  he  flute. 

WHS  ;  ^  .  and  \\<^  < 

dowi  -for  the  1 '  > 


hy  -which  the  tlut 
Im  hmid  behiud  L 
►fiir  from  him  a*  pL>«4iiblv,ha»U;u«d  h 
with  loner  siridea. 


Wty 


difilni 


es — and  Ije   onrac   t^»  a 

the  earth  with  rage,  lie 

""»«d  biick  t^^  thtf  sfK>t 

lllltL' — ^touiid    it  — 

-«i    Mud  raislriL'  hin 

he  tlute  i  I 


acQ  and 
bone   had 

id   his  neek  iu  biii 
»?t»!fMi  townnlft  his  vi 


>li  ill 

ti  turned 
i  li  he  judt 

*Hd  not  lead  a  veiy 


old  tune  again 
^ii  nothing'  could 
It  to  himself,  he  did  not 
Mrre.     Very    Boon    this 
jlit  I  to  his  mind.    It  waa 

unli^iu^'W  ijitly  took  the  flntev 

'     '      '  ^.     Nothing  came  of  it* 

•  y  in  the  evening,  in  some 
<-,  II'  M  I  lie  cchoea,And  Alone  ?  Yes, 
fy  he  would — ^not  jiuw,  perhaps — 
mt — but  wheueTe-T  he  took  it  into 

rbil'-.  Ito  would   iiitt  n  vukr-  nor  nAux 


iptdltnj-' 


4ifti 


1   111*  did   not 
vYUfid  of  fho  d. 

ithiit 
i  "iiiar. 
ti  in  Bome 


ihfy  Titrxt 


Ltcra, 


ruinod  tomb 


of  a  great  cliieii  visible  at  aorae  three  hundred 
yar<ia  distance  in  the  liox:rk -ground,  U  w;ia  half 
ovei^rown  with  rank  ve»;*rtjition.  Its  forni 
waa  that  of  a  log-hut  without  a  door*  Kiui 
having  n  huge  projet'ting  tx^of,  anpporied  with 
heads  of  bideons  figiireA,  carved  ovit  of  tree- 
trunks.  %vhoBe  eyes  were  foi-mtxi  if  r 
pi>,arl  ahellij,  wliifh  htu\  a  niost  g^i  • 
cbolv  etfect  iu  the  dl^stance.  Tl;  iy 
in  the  wood-work  of  the  tomb  w^  f  y 
with  decorations  of  coloured  stun    ,          Is, 

1    the  feiithers   of  the   gi'een   mid    polden 

koo  and  the  alt»atrcjes.     To  ke<'p  olf  thv 

flierc   bad   been   a  row  of  low 

and  it,  painteii  red — the  New 

oioiir  for  mourning ;  but  (w  it  is  a 

I"  to  repair  a  tomb,  they  hod  nearly 

:»ii   Mihn  to  decay,  and  only  prtACtniffd  bei"e 

and  there  a  prong  or  fang  of  dingy  rod. 

Thi«  I'i  .  .  .1....,;,  l«?tiij,'  lupUy  or  sjicred, 
TaOniii  I  A  it,  with  a  vogue  feeling. 

ili.it  Iftli  ^..  :  I  fe  Jb'uniitr.  or  any  devili^ 
iiidcome,  in  consenuenee  of  his  p*?r- 
on  the  tiuie,  it  would  l*c  a  good 
thiiig  to  have  a  tomb  in  the  bnckgrouif-l  into 
whieh  he  might  thmel  the  devtl^  or  retr»?at 
himself,  if  the  evil  one  wjw  too  strong  Ibrhiiii. 
He  thought  this  a  perfectly  legitimate  use  of 
thp!  tomb,  becaii«s  all  spiritii  undcmtood  ono 
an*^her.  The  king  derte«l  all  tnorial  men, 
and  epirita  too — only  ho  did  not  fee'  »  » 

as  to  the  result*;  of  a  nfnte^t  wltli 

To    thifl  dedohite  trnck   nunti    (1  :' 

Mokau,  a  nuinbtrof  wiM  h^/s  ru  I 
away  at  his  appruach.  and  takin-  t 

amon|(  the  volcanic  i*emaii)w,  wiit-ie  Ri^-at 
stoncg  of  pumice  and  leilges  of  lav/i,  lialt- 
covere*!  with  rank  moss,  interFperae<l  with 
white  violef^  and  the  Neu  Zealand  daisy,  or 
hall"  hidden  in  loiiehwood,  forme«l  a  ai'^rt  of 
centre  to  the  uncouth  re^nou,  he  turned  him- 
self on  all  sides,  toaacertaui  that  ho  was  alou**, 
and  that  nothing  could  eonie  iip»n  hiiu  by 
Burpme.  He  then  took  up  the  doleful  llute — 
and  commenced  playing.  Nothing  rniue  of 
it  for  some  tinie^  except  that  the  bone  bouau 
to  >'ibnite  under  his  hngera  iu  a  manner  that 
much  disturbed  him :  atiH,  he  would  not 
%  and  concluded  with  a  squcaUug  flouriab 

iiiHult  to  the  memory  of  Te  Pomur. 

1  he  flute  vibrated  with  electrical  force,  anil 
shot  forth  sparks  at  every  poi*e.  TaOiim'a 
fingers  had  instincti vel\  • '  '  "        :  '  -  ♦ ' .  r 

ft  moment'a   pause,   he  " 

-"■T» 'r-w,.i  -l-ath-raanl! 

»f  modula'iM: 

:__ui  __i   _i u'i,  but  app'j ;'-!■! IV      '        --  '—-''>i 

the  duitf  itself,  though  with  a  dim  and  smo- 
thored  aouudj  as  if  buned  iu  the  receascs  of 
the  bone 

Tatoiui  shuddered  from  head  to  foot,  as  well 
he  mij^ht.  with  snch  a  flute  hanging  u*om  hia 
neck.  The  music  ceaied.  llie  kiujc:,  in  move- 
'  '  \  1    »tarmg    dowt» 

i.'M  after  it  had 
i".  ,.  «..^  .L.wa  a  tiut€ 

— til  iie  of  hti>  f'jmiar  em 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


Ub  Iwofl  down  to  tt^ — and 

Nij  sound  came 

iL     He  glADced 

I  *? — ^tlitjn  11  deli* 

ii.-.oyea  were  again 

t,riili'-   :ind  &II  the 

coiue   to 

•  lisnmy  he 

rUiug  the  flute 

..V    into  it,  nnd 

of  a11  hia  intentions 

li  and  triumph, 

iiot«:a,  echoes, 

i>iMiiulat«d  into  the 

hero ! 

but  the  strain  was 
nd  h'lB  head,  in  tones 
-it  rolteiJ — it  was  in 
mn  t^ii  prtjnd  him — its  ^reat  gonss  luid 
>m\Miln  vftTii  now  thundering  and  bash- 
mitil  ItfumtiUi;  round  his  feet — it  oune 
IpT  «i»f -c  r»«biDg  bumtjf  from  the  funnel 
§l0)tfk9  of  th^  volcaoiMniters-'it  airain  be> 
mim9  mttumnd  and  sustaiDed.  and  swept 
mmf  ov«r  tbs  blcK^  of  lava  and  pumice,  and 
4«ir  all  tbs  nuik  vegetation,  .lud  Hcttled  above 
lllf  fu.f  ,,f  f>if.  ruTned  mautioleum,  TaOnui 
illf^  i.ir    aud     thither    with     each 

dlUHi  (U  thii*  tremendous  orchestra, 

ami,  I  he  n»f  of  the  mnuaoleuu),  Ire 

giuij*-  ^h.  and  whirled  his  arum  aloR, 

ii'^difiuinv-  Whereat, 
iires  with  peai'l-ahelj 
M  ir  lower  jawa,  aud   «.^t- 
■^ing  which,  TaCrmi,  with 
lI  fjiat  away,  ff>l  lowed  by 
long  succession  of  .similar  yellN  from   the 
'&lien  jawa  of  the  figures  <»f  the  tomb  I 

Without  inteuding  to  imply  tbut  any  of 
thei*e  extraordinary  actinf!*  wor*i  (hn  wurK  of 
tlie  renowned  witches  of  New  Zealand,  wo 
eh  all  content  ourselves  with  stiktiii^'  the  fact 
that  tuaJbiitUj  or  witchcraftj  whs  uio»t  im- 
plicitly iMilieved  in  by  the  Mukaiiri*?  trilMt, 
M  by  nearly  all  the  other  tnlnrs,  and  is,  to 
t1u0  day,  most  fully  behevcl  ii»  by  all  whn 
fWoaitL  unconverted,  and  even  by  somo  of 
these, —  who  say  "the  diblik-  (diVil)  m  t+w 
ftrun^  to  let  go. '  Even  so  recently  im  1844, 
tk  celebrated  witch  of  Wmkato,  namwl  Eko, 
posaetsed  such  jx)wer  over  the  imaginations 
of  tliH  people,  that  having  been  itisultiHl  by  n 
^'ay  3'oung  Maori  fellow,  she  calmly  told  hiin 
a  lew  dayn  aAerwards  that  she  had  taken  otit 
his  luiart- — it  was  gone  !  Fully  impresned 
with  this  belief  the  poor  young  fellow  actually 
dictd. 

From  whatever  cause  he  ci[)njecturiid  the 
recent  event's  to  have  proceeded,  not  one  wtjrd 
to  anybody,  of  any  part  of  them,  sj^iake  the 
kittg.  In  deep  and  sullen  silence  lu'  bru<>diHl 
over  the  bu&ines^,  and  the  more  he  thought  i»f 
it,  the  less  he  understood  it,  ami  the  lc*s 
eottld  his  hjiughty  and  orcrbcaring  naiui-*' 
codurt  the  sense  of  defeat  which  he  felt  he 


with  J*   MJlXol  Hi 

th«  liill  wix»deri 

it     V  cij     III    iuu  I ' 


had  suffered   from  the  flut«v     Of  course    he 
identified  this  legboue  mstmmciit  witVi  hi« 
aneient  foe,  Te  Poraar.     But,  what  waa  to  be 
done  ?     Here    was    he,   the    King    of   the 
Mokauries — and  here  was  the  leg-wjtie    ♦  '■■- 
slain  enemy,  who  had  serend  times  triii  i 
over  him  : — which  was  to  be  the  maat 
make  the  other  tremble  and  do  his  bj. 
The  answer  was  simple.    The  King  of  ? 
must  be  the  master.    Is  he  to  be  ahxm 
his  own  music-^the  loud  sounds  be  •. ., 
to  T>roduce  1    And  if  witches  have  m 
witn  the  wooden  images  of  the  tapu  houae 
a  dead  chief,  so  as  to  make  them  gape  and  _ 
— let  the  witches  go  and  live  in  the  toixili^' 
they  like,  and  dare  to   do  so.    All  titia 
nothing  to  TaOuui,  who  is  a  great  wairicff; 
and  lord  of  all  Mokau. 

Thus  did  the  king  silently  reflect,  wrbUe 
seated  alone  on  the  ix>of  of  his  royal  house ; 
solacing  himself,  however,  with  a  pipe,  or  by 
chewing  cowdie  gum  and  roa^teii  buU<n)uw 
root.     Sometime*  he  condescended  to  ~ 

his  spleen   by  abusing  his  c^ueen — the 
who  enjoyed  the  honour  of  being  regarded 
his  chief  wife  ; — but  never  did  he   deign 
breathe   a  word  of  the  mixed  wonder  atul 
awe  of  his  recent  affair  with  the  fiutc. 

While  seated  in  this  way,  outi  eveoing,  be 
saw  a  chief  hastening  towards  hirt  house  with 
manifest  signs  of  alarm — and  ijrt^Bently  another 
— and  soon  a  third-  The  king  came  down 
from  his  seat  on  the  roof,  and  went  out  to 
meet  them.  They  all  came  with  the 
story.  The  uuburied  remains  of  the 
King  of  the  Waikatotoft  (Ihey  avoide^l  m» 
ing  liia  ruune  ahmd)  \^'hith  had  been  i 
perish  among  rubbish  within  sight  of  t  i 
where  his  daughter  the  slave  Te6ra 
were  coming  tu  life  a^in — not  in  the  fuj 
a  warritu-,  but  in  the  form  of  a  spirit. 

TaCmii  was  alxiut  to  cvy  out  angrily    

he  did  not  believe  it — but  he  checked  Imitselt^ 
and  .accompanied  the  chiefs  in  silence  ;  for  he     'j 
(lid  K'licve  it.  'I 

WIteu   they    arrived  within   \iew    of  the     '' 
mound  of  ndjbish  on  which  the  V    ' 
once  great  Te  Pomar  had  been  flo 
wtopped  abruptly.   Luminous:      ^ 
coloured   flakes  of  light  wn  H 

over  the  mound,  and  beautifn.  .  t" 

dancing  a\K>ve  it.     The  chiefs  whu  - 

tTkanied  the  king  decamped  with  su 
ationa — for  it  is  considered  no  di 
warrior  Uy  be  afraid  of  spirits,    J . 
though  ho  heartily  wiahed  hiniself  a  Luiidi  ^ 
miles    away,  firmly   held   hb    ground,    aL  . 
watche*!  the  spectral  appearances. 

Perplexed  to  the  utmost,  he  mechanically 
l)ent  tun  steps  towards  the  hut  with  a  vague 
notion  in  his  mind,  or  rather  in  his  impulaes. 
of  killing  TvOra  as  »h..  n^^  .viable  cause  of  adl 
this.     Arriving  at  who  8lK)uld  he 

»ce  but  hia  oKl  disi  Kaitemata,  who 

had  taken  tip  her  ftl»t«.iiM*ith  TeOra  f  This 
»CH«m»'Hl  to  explain  everything  to  the  king. 
Ail  the  recent  magical  events  wero  i«veal3 


1aU< 


tJi;,: 


He  imme- 

lofty  scowl.     la 

'^?<  (witchci-aft), 

I  chief  to  be  rent 

that  o\t\  Kaitemata  was 

i  ief — ^forhadshe 

T  of  his  enemy 

Tothereaolution 

'•ne  blow.    He, 

iiis  by  Bome  means 

^o  unexpectedly,  and 

nd  or  weapon  npon 

should  be  no  excuse 

Iheii'  favour,     iSuch 

which  he  deceived 

I  ri  itself,  hia  territory 

^UajQtagea  for  anir  pur- 

.ircidentid  destruction. 

"     ;  iTjd  contains  so 

need  not  require 

t'lon  among  the 

,  «?matiiraL     As 

s  of  this  which 

sent  the  reader 

travels   of  Mr. 

u^  in  New  Zealand,  whose 

iues     are    crowded    with 

^id  iiiterestiiig  information. 

'  I  Tisiiod  Che  iKttliug  springs  which  iasuo  from 
•nie  Ki  ■  steep  mountain  sbove  To  Rapo. 
Biearlj  one  hundred  of  them ;  they 
oot»  lml»bting  up  from  little  orifices  in  the 
widch  «a«  not  more  than  a  few  inches  in 
■bmI  the  steam  ruahea  out  in  cloada  with 
f<H-oe:  the  hillddo  is  covered  with 
tasd  a  mcr  of  hot  water  runs  down  into  the 
'the  toil  arcHxml  ia  a  red  ami  wliitc  oliiy. 
airHM^lf  inipr«gpEtsted  witli  ■olpUui^  and  hy^lrugeu 
cut :  pyntea  also  occur.  Several  wonion  were 
boBjr  cooking  bsiskets  ot  potatoes  over  Bomo  of  the 
■nailer  oti&ceA;  leaves  nnd  fern  were  laid  over 
lw»)e%  upon  which  the  food  wns  placcil ;  1 
the  potaUawas,    and    tncy  wore 

.;les  from  this  plaoo,  on  tho  edge 
y  flat,  I  met  with  a  number  of 
some    of   them   of    very    largo 
We  tot'    '  r  flowiog  swiftly 

kke^   V.  -l  by  the  snows 

*^il '  ►■^  TT iLi  1  .  kHiTiro.     In  many 

e  water  boilfi  up 
li  '  '  neath,  auddcolj 

',■1  <>  etiidain,  to  the 

l1  who  may   he 
_,_      AvM^;/    ii  fftif:  fruau  v/  artmiui  J  tutord 
Ihf.   waUr  haiXim^  riolenUjf  hmm  the  enut  over 
mh-irh    I    xrift    tyrntJino,      Tt  n    fcry    dangopoua 

1  break,  iiicfdding 

•  *?4  t!ie  Kotunia 

n:il[\  .     hot 

BpTLL'.  (j^tttllt 

oshappecE 

a  an-    g^-: 

luive 

ildron 

'  il   tijt:  ['vTiil-^  un.'    rjiuc*v  foet  in 

V  illed  with  tTHosparent  ptlo  blue 


boiling  wfttcr,  sending  up  columns  of  steam. 
Channels  of  boiling  water  run  slong  the  ground 
in  every  direction,  and  tho  surfooo  of  thas  cal- 
careous fiat  around  the  margin  of  the  boiling 
fiondfl  Ls  covered  with  beauti^  encrustatioos  ol 
ime  imd  alum,  iu  somo  parts  forming  iSat  Bo.ucer- 
like  figures.  Husks  of  maize,  moss,  and  branehcii 
of  vegetable  substanoos  -were  encrusted  in  the 
same  manner.  I  also  observed  small  deep  holes 
or  weUs  here  and  there  unongat  the  gzuas  and 
nishes,  from  two  mches  to  as  many  feet  in 
diameter,  filled  with  boiling  mud,  that  rises  up  in 
large  bubbles  oa  thick  as  hasty-pudding:  those 
mud  pits  send  up  a  strong  suiphureous  smcIL 
Althoiurh  the  ponds  boiled  violently^  I  noticed 
sjjmU  fiiti  Katkifig  swiftly,  or  itxther  ruwiing  oa 
their  twfftue.  The  steam  that  rises  £n>m  those 
boiling  springs  is  visible  at  a  distance  of  moujr 
miles^  appearing  like  the  jets  from  a  number  ot 
steam-engines."  Vol.  ii.  pp.  113.  114,  115. 

To  a  certain  cavern,  beneath  which  the 
king  knew  there  was  one  of  these  boiling 
sprigs,  he  determined  to  semi  bt>th  TcAra 
and  Kaitemata,  as  soon  as  he  ha*i  hewed  away 
the  pumice  floor  to  so  thin  a  substarK-e,  that 
it  would  be  certain,  before  long,  to  cmck  rmd 
fall  in  with  their  wBight.  He  should  tluis 
be  rid  of  two  witches — for  that  the}-  were 
such,  he  now  regarded  as  an  ascertained  fact. 

Of  th ifij  if  any  additional  proof  were  neeiied. 
the  king  received  fiirther  coiifinnation  that 
very  evening.  A  Maori  runner  came  from 
the  distant  hunting-ground  where  TaOnui  had 
exiled  his  son  W^^vata,  on  account  of  the 
favour  he  had  shown  to  TeOra,  to  inform  him 
that  Waf^ta  had  secret  communicatioiis  with 
the  young  aiavc-girl,  who  had  induced  him 
to  abandon  the  religion  of  Tohunga,  and  be- 
come a  Christian  ;  and,  finally,  that  his  son 
had  gone  mad,  and  wore  troueere  ! 

Ta(inui,  smotliering  his  indignant  fury, 
still  prefterved  a  Imughty  silence,  not  un- 
touched with  an  air  of  melancholy,  as  be 
reflected  on  the  humiliating  fall  of  Waipata, 
He  entertaiue<l  no  doubt  but  his  son  had^ne 
mad.  Vengeance  and  the  boiling  spnngs 
were,  however,  at  hand  ;  and  he  now  hastened 
to  his  preliminary  work  in  the  cavern. 


THE   PENNY  SAVED; 

A  BLUS-BOOE  CATECmsM. 

Rmnff  Young  Opemtive,  "Please,  father, 
what  ia  a  bltie-l>ook  1 " 

Patcnutl  O^raiive,  "A  blue-book  i«  a  thick 
heavy  catechism  done  up  in  blue  coverr^/' 

«*  "V\Tiat  is  it  for  ?"— "  Why,  when  Parlia- 
ment sets  some  of  its  Members  to  intj[uir© 
al>out  a  Hubject,  atjd  hear  evidence  quietly 
in  a  room  for  to  get  at  facts,  thej'  print  the 
eWdence  and  so  on,  and  send  it  to  all  the 
other  Members,  so  that  they  may  reail  and 
know  the  facts." 

"Wliat  is  that  blue-book  you  have  V>or- 
rowed  to  read  ?  '* — "  It  is  all  about  Savingi 
Banks." 

"  But  do  not  tlio  "Par\iaaQ«iA  TU.«ii  AKWi^ 


82 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


all  alnmi  Smnugu  BmiIcs  alrcAilj  t  '*— "  Not  a 
Ml  Thait^ft  wby  they  have  ia  make  th«ae 
kag*  blae-UKJcB  to  t«ll  Vtn.  Thk  otte  i«  on 
Ilia  *Aiviiiai  of  tfi*  Middk  and  Working 
CImml*  As  MenUiy  to  tmr  «bop«avtiigr 
^Bbi  I WM  flMBnincd  oe  one  of  the  Vltnenefl.** 

iiifiii«eune  4E^EH0utfr.  Dcti't  yon  tliifik  it 
ii  a  atft^  j!ftwUli!T>  tliat  if  a  mu),  *nxri*a  ATicmgli 
to  boT  tJ  1  he  18  3i  law  to 

dbaci'r-  . .  iL'r  suiufl  i  rie  hun- 

4nd  aail  ^i^fm  htmdnd  pouncb  it  'a  ehockiugly 
<Ki6mili  to  fli  good  and  «fe  mrestmenta  of 
aajr  matt  hnm  tSe  m-cMiit  ctate  of  the  law/* 

^^  If  yxm  wasDt  to  buj  a  bit  of  land  you  caii't, 

ipaciaJly  If  it  la  aiartoaged, — caa  you  I  '* 
«-^Kfjt  bY  no  aiaaaa.  Why  it  ooeta  more 
4liaii  tba  land  is  vorih  to  what  they  call 
'tiiv«al%atothcttUc;** 

•Hmh  people  ^"" ''  "1'^^'  «r..,ll  Biuufl  and 
bapartavrsinaDii  yT'— «Oh, 

Uaaa  jtm,  bo  1      i  «   without    a 

Cbaitar  or  an  Act  ot  Parlbuueiit,  every  one 
«f  tbcBk  ia  nsspikusible  to  no  ent]  nf  mouey."* 

^  ^JkJ  paople  who  know  w  I :  •  about 

4oa\«lil''-'"Nu,iudml    !  [IS  fifty 

piMmb^be  canH  aay  hv  will  ^iiii?rriK  rive  to  a 
cmioeni  and  lose  ao  much  if  it  foil.  He  must 
ba  read/  to  loae  aU  bk  fiftv  if  it  faiU.  People 
vilii  ftva  bundled  potmcu  to  ijiveat^  can't 
ian<l  llfty  aa  a  abare  ia  cacb  an  euterpnae 
aad  M  no  IktHber.  Hicy  sntiat  riak  all  their 
irn  Euadiad  oa  Ibe  trantur^  Ibougb  they  are 
aar*  of  tadj  getlii^  profit  on  th«  five.  8o 
lliev  doa^  iavui  in  tnat  way  wbeu  they  *ra 
bat  tbe  rteklMa  do.''* 
Vbai  ia  tbe  eaine  of  tbat  t  * --"  Tbo  Law 
taablfk"* 

leca  not  that  aflect  tbe  neb  as  well  1** 

i  vt^  bal  a  larger  eulaiyriML  witb  money 

ofiainiami,  affurta  to  bay  aa  AA  at  JPiutlia- 

but  thai  buaurj  ia  too  «x- 

l\  aKuifvZiartakiiw!  1  *"— 

**  s  ittit  of  DwaiiM 

iki  r  Buildiii^  Bma 

ar  r  tbat 

asi' 


al 


1*1 
UuMiaai 

arbieb 


lecbairaoier 
CbaHer  c(Mt1* 
iMpov^  iba 


tbkrty«kaa 

tv«cvi  vat 

eiiVvitkaU 


Wel^  w^  wbal  aaai  I "~«  Why 

lbe«a%iUiHf«Mtbaiti]i  ar  a  4aaaa  iMbr 

a»MM»  ^  iliiKil  VMto  «}l  tbe  nnaaOwy. 

Iba  coal  yi%  Cbartofv  dbMabMM^  lb«r 


hm  la  «ba  Oaaai  v^okvix 


aareiaeeia 
iaaamtaiba 


Wbat  ag^^^  wimiU  a  iVstor  bavi*  dpaa 

M  Wtor  wv>abi  ba^  f^^vail  Ibaaa 

9tt  *  *4  ymMtmtMffk **»>  eaabbit  Ibe 


pmjectora  and  9oyiport«Ts  of  th«  *fhnrtty  to 

contribute  to  li  '               >ji»l 

Without  it  they  t^ 
succefc-       ''      " 

By  tbe  i^^.. 5-..  ..."  '  .  j-w...  .  .i.p,allpart«i«a» 
are  aiiswerable  \iitii  their  whole  aubetan^e 
for  tbe  acta  of  auay  one,*' 

"You  aay  by  the  English  law;   but  da« 
not  the  same  law  exist  iii  other  conn  tries  T  **— 
**  C<ei"tiUJily  not.     All  civilised  c< 
from   England   in    the    law  of 
They  huve  either  partnerships  iii  v. 
responsibility  is  alto^ibtf  liniited,  '■ 
being  in  each  case  known;  or  they   ii_>> 
kind  of  partuerahip  called  comma  nfd'tc** 

"And  what  ia  eommfynf^^f"  :■••' -Hittl 

— "  Here  you  have  it :   7 

commandite   allows    any   ii< 

eubscrilw    money    to  an    ' 

limited  amount;  they  are  ti 

and  they  are  not  allowed  lo  peiform 

of  management ;   the  managers  of  ,. 

nej'ahip  en  commandite  becocQie    respoushl:: 

with  all  their  property/' 

"  Is  not  thftt  the  same  a 
of  an  Eiigiigh  partnership  1> 
ftupjalie^i  elsewhere  by  comm •  '" 

it  is  not.  The  lender  ia  a  • 
creditoi^^  but  the  commaiK' 
cUim  until  all  otber  orewl 
firm  thiit  borrows^  multii>l 
atoaiea  advaaood  ea  eomrnattdiu  stiui 
atfaa^tb." 

**  Doen  the  English  law  deter  ptt^le 
epeculation  ? " — ^**  Quite  the  oontrajy,  U 
v«rts  wholesome  enterprise  into  a  gana 
fisk*  and  converts  numerous 
jjj^  .^..  ..T  .:  :  Trhich  would  otberwiaa 
tv  u  to  patnuniae,  to 

auii.i  .-  .<:....    I'irans..    It  filtexa  a 
peo|il%  aad  leiia  tbe  recklasi  pastbroagiti 
tba  maaagineat  of  ndaable  prc^eetaw 

**How  doea  tbia  act  npoii 
wan  and  opwaliw  I'*-.'*  Xot  dutntly,  la 
Uttor  pouit  of  view.    HJakboorlahb^kS 
it  ia  aot  madi  to  bim  to  loae  h»  aO  of 
Bal  HJalan  p«»leof  ibaauddDe 


'4 


tba 


._i.  ...  .   _ 


tkMa  ;  nmlcc  them  legtJ  oniler  a  law  nil  theii* 
fvs.  cualW  "     ng  tlLsputee  before  a 

ttt^jiCxmt*  tiy  punish  Any  one 

snoQig  th*.»  1    >,)..  -u  uid  wt  diishoneatly  to- 

these  Xiulustrukl  ABBOcmtLoiia,  what  do 
waiu  with  them  3 "— **  WelJ,  1  Mi 
Look  At  my  cmc.  Oucij  I  worked 
to  n  rich  mail,  who  ostablkhed 
wiili  y»  capitxl  n  Inr-^'  ahop,  r*rjti  bought  for 
hiflaelf  A  coui^  He  lives  In  his 

toastiryAwnstiy  >  i  sees  his  shop ;  he 

fmya  wagc6  to  .(.  uu  -►  luimber  of  workmen, 
XBoeirca  tbcir  work,  tiod  sellfl  it  to  the  public 
At  A  pr>c*  wliik'h  vTOfthJwa  him  to  jviy  a  manager 
lor  overtnoking  a«,  wid  live  at  ease  upon  the 
larplns,  duixtg  authiii^.  That  made  ns  think 
thai  If  ■oaw  of  w^  wlu»  were  steady,  clubbed 
iogcilMr  t<L»  tiLHtiitaiii  A  tthon,  we  might  sell 
<mr  work  ■  !  vca,  and  so  divide  among 

oondTve  of  our  labour ;  it  goes 

M>w  ta  A  a)jut<4-  \v  L(i  do<ta  nothliig,  and  whose 
waHn  advtmtngG  over  u#  ia  that  of  having 
oAmtal'* 
*Bttl  fwir  AjBoctationa  might  not  answer  t " 
;  but  wh.it  we  aay  is,  that  the 
■H  man  tK>wer  to  use  us,  and 

r  the 

-  ;  no 

j.\aai  one  cheat  among  a 

W«  mj  that  we  Are 

*  not  a  right  to  earn 

wny  we  c«n,     Tt*8 

vould  still  prefer  t^ 

ftjid  we^d  be  weJl 

I  so  b J  onr  own  free 

content  because  we 

( ">_«  Why  we 

. .   t   making  our- 

A  %'  .   C'ompAnj,  and  coming 

ft  I  ^wa  made  for  people  who 

ip  up  tvei>  penny  we  have  in  a  five- 

We  want  extended  reading  of 

Bodct4es  Act.)  to  thnt  we  may 

to  combine  our  labours  if  we 

tiheAfi  protection,  when  we  d 

«Bodi«r.     We   wtuit  no  at 

W.,  ..^1^   ,.....r ...,,.,.,, 

aur- 
.    .      ,  .:..  lor  us 
fair  turn  cmr  money  to 

;   d'j.  .  I  1W  to  work  for  a 

and  put  Uy  t>ur  iju  ',  •  :r.  rive  Savings 
Backi.  or  Tbr*?o  per  <  Vn'  i  iv  >»e  some 
'  '  rus, 

''  >  out 


T  win    '/»  u 

tp^ ;  and 

r  Jpriial  r  if 


working-classes,  ia  to  thow  them  ihist  yon 
look  on  them  aa  men  and  not  ;u  child  ren^  and 
to  give  them  choice  to  earn  their  bread  on 
any  path  they  like,  that  is  an  houeist  one. 

**  Do  you  think  we  onght  to  liave  what  we 
want]"— "Of  course,  1  do.  Whytlier  Uie 
plan  of  lodustriAl  AvooiAtaons  wonhl  suc- 
ceed is,  of  eoune,  yet  nnoeirtjun,  but  it  well 
deserves  a  trial.  More  than  that, — we  ought 
to  have  the  right  of  trying  it  Then,  if  we 
ftiil,  we  shoidd  know  who  ia  to  blame ;  and 
those  few  (for  there  would  not,  at  first,  be  a 
large  number  probably)  who  commenced  with 
the  experiment  woald  go  back  to  the  old  plan 
of  wages." 

'^But  if  they  mieceeded  and  this  system 
spread  ?  *" — *'  T^en  that  would  be  a  bleieintf  to 
this  country.  The  class  of  middlemen  who  nye 
upon  the  work  of  others  ia  now  very  targe  ; 
that  would  decrease,  and  the  country  would 
be  enriched  by  a  far  largei*  number  of  pro- 
ducers. The  loss  of  intermediate  proiit-taKers 
would  also  cheapen  produce,  and  a  more  ex- 
tended sense  throughout  the  country  that 
each  man  was  working  for  himself  would  im- 
part to  the  whole  body  of  the  |>eopl«  a  free 
njanly  tcmt',  and  give  to  all  a  greater  interest 
in  peace  and  onler,  I  think,  that  although 
the  result  may  possibly  not  realise  a  sanguine 
vision,  yet,  tliat  it  is  oujust  to  forbid  attempts 
which  point  in  a  right  direction.  If  we 
neglect  these  wiaheA  of  the  working- classes, 
we  cannot  wonder  if  they  say  tliat  rich  men 
make  rights  for  themselves  which  do  not  fit 
the  uses  of  the  poor,  and  give  the  poor  man 
no  equivalent." 

"  What  are  they  going  to  do  about  Savings 
Banks  1  "^"  Government  says,  it  intends  to 
be  responsible  for  their  security,  and  that 
will  take  away  a  prevalent  impression  that 
they  tu-e  unsafe,  JPoesibly,  as  they  are  the 
safest,  »3  they  are  the  beat  investment  for 
the  savings  of  the  wo|rking- classes^  but  we 
have  no  right  to  drive  them  to  this  kind 
of  hoarding.  The  mere  sense  of  ao  mudi 
money  being  kept  for  them  by  other  people, 
out  of  their  siglit,  has  not  so  great  a  moral 
T  M  upon  their  minds  as  would  be  ha*i  by 
thing  which  they  eyery  day  could  see 
.n.il  use.  If  they  invested  savings  in  their 
daily  work,  in  cottages,  or,  better  atill,  a  [jiece 
of  ground,  which  thev  could  call  thdr  own, 
man  is  so  constituted  as  to  be  morv  usefully 
acteil  upon  by  that  visible  fi-uit  of  his  ex- 
ertion than  by  the  alietroct  idea  of  poss^sing 
its  equivalent  in  money.  That  ia  truer  of  a 
man  the  more  you  find  him  uiiB<:>phi8ticAted. 
I  would,  therefore,  have  the  workmaji's  labour 
and  the  money,  or  the  finiit  of  it,  to  be  Ids 
own,  and  remove  all  removable  impedLoaeiitA 
to  his  free  use  of  either," 

"Yon    think    much   of  mvestmoit   in    a 

r.  it  age  or  a  piece  of  land  T' — ^'•Yea,  all  ex- 

tnce  abroad,  and  all  we  know  of  history, 

i  all  we  see  doing  about   us,  show  how 

bciieJicijd  such  iuve*tmeiiU  atia." 

**AU  this  being  iVve  Gak»*^,>v\\ut4o"5<yckTiiSsa3^ 


84 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


/ 


to  say  at  tlie  next  meeting  of  our  Shop 
Sa^ngs  Bank  1 " — "  Why,  I  mean  to  maJke  a 
speech.  I  mean  to  nay,  that  both  the  middle 
and  the  working-claseea  of  men  desire  to  invest 
money  in  lantf.  That  the  uncertainty  and 
complexity  of  tltiea,  the  lengtli  and  expense 
of  conveyances,  together  with  the  cost  of 
stamps,  place  such  inveatments  beyond  com- 
mon reach,  { *  Hear,  hear  ! '  from  the  Riaing 
Young  Operative  and  the  Shop-mate).  Tliiit 
sinipllfyiug  titles,  f9hortemnc  conveyances, 
would  be  a  good  thing  for  the  landowners 
themselves,  by  increasing  the  avaUablf  value 
of  their  propei-ty.  And  then  I  Bhall  wind  un 
by  saying,  that  1  know,  fi'om  wdiat  1  wa»  tola 
by  a  lawyer,  yesterday,  that  it  won  Id  be  easy 
«uough  to  eimplify  the  present  hiw." 

A  GUERNSEY  TRADITION. 

The  Boiiifl's  *  home  wai  a  lordly  hall^ 
And  his  land  atretch'd  &r  and  wide. 

And  maoy  Mtout  ierviug-men  came  at  his  call^ 
And  great  were  hla  pomp  imd  pride. 

Near  ihia  mansion  there  stood  a  neat  little  cot* 

NeetUng  in  bush  mid  tree ; 
The  owner,  a  peasant  of  humble  lot,* 
Withouo  vcrgQefof  land  from  hifi  forefathers  got, 

None  ha[>piGr  arcem'd  than  he. 

He  loved  hi*  childron,  ho  loTcd  hia  wife. 
Their  words  and  their  acta  were  right ; 

So  they  led  in  the  cottage  a  peaceable  life. 
Though  they  labour'd  &om  mom  till  night 

Ko  ipring  there  was  on  the  peasant's  ground^ 
But,  whoe'er  in  the  cot  might  dwell, 

(It  was  known  to  tho  couatiy  folka  many  milee 
round) 
Had  a  right  to  the  rich  man'a  wdIL 

Allien  hifl  earthen  pitcher  the  villager  brought 

At  tho  rich  laau's  well  to  fill ; 
How  tlic  Btiiliff  grudgetl,  lie  little  thought* 

ms  dranghts  from  tlmt  limpid  rilt 

And  why  wcm  he  vex'd  wtien  the  man  he  saw  ] 

Oh,  why  for  the  water  otirc  { 
Twos  bccau£o  tho  man  had  a  ri^ht  to  dmw. 

That  ho  hated  to  see  him  there. 

'Twould  not  perchance  have  been  e'er  denied. 

Had  he  begg'd  it  eve  and  noon, 
But  it  Kidly  offended  the  BailifTe  pride 

That  he  had  not  to  ask  tho  boon. 
"  Thy  laud  ond  hut  I  deaLro  to  buy," 

Ue  aaid  one  day  with  a  frown  ; 
"  Nome  tho  smu  you  expect,  bo  it  over  so  high, 

I  will  instantly  pay  it  down." 

Poor  Hasaey  bow'd  as  he  humbly  Bpoke— 

"  My  &thcr  first  drew  his  breath 
In  this  cottage  ;  I  prize  it  for  his  dear  sake. 

And  will  never  resign  it  till  death. 

"  I  lost  my  mother  while  yot  a  child, 

But  once  it  was  her  abode  ; 
Could  I  part  with  the  homo  where  my  mother 
smiled — 

\Vhero  she  taught  me  tho  fear  of  God  7 

*  Tbo  BufliS,  df  elilvf  Judge,  In    tho  Ra/al  Court   of 
<f  uornMj  is  niiiDad  bv  tbo  Eiij^lliih  »nTerri^.    Ga&ltierde 
J*  Bklle,  tbe  fir»t  B»UIflr,  ira-i  apjHilt.led  III  12!W. 
t  Ftfgtt*  About  bait  nu  English  ooro 


*'  Tia  here  1  Ve  Uvod  with  my  loving  wife, 
And  little  ones,  now  in  Hoavon ; 

And  thoae  who  survive  me  shall  hove  it 
To  them  by  the  law  it  is  given*" 

On  illiM  fancied  grievance  the  Bailiflf  dwelt 

Ab  Mtuaoy  his  pitcher  fed ; 
Such  hatred  at  length  to  the  pea^nt  he  U 

That  he  wish'd  the  poor  man  dead  t 

But  he  knew  the  cottage  would  then  by  law 
Descend  (and  it  vex'd  him  sore) 

To  those  who  would  come  for  the  wator^ : 
Am  their  £&thor  had  done  before. 

But  if  be  periah'd  with  infamy^ 
The  land  woidd  never  be  theirs ; 

By  the  Sovereign  daim*d«  no  relatiaiis 
Accounted  a  felon's  heirs. 

At  length  there  came  to  the  Bailitfe  heart  i 
A  plan — **  and  it  must  aucoeed." 

So  he  said  to  hlraBeIf»  for  he  dared  not 
To  any  the  shameful  deed. 

In  the  vmikini^  *  scftsoa  he  went  nnc  day, 

And  a  rich  tdlver  cup  he  bore. 
When  tha  peoaant  and  &mily  all  were  ai 

And  he  enter'd  the  uulock'd  door. 

Ho  approached  the  tiniowom  oaken  choal» 

And  lifted  the  unlock'd  lid, 
And  under  the  raiment,  their  holiday 

The  bright  silver  tankard  hid. 

He  wont  away  with  a  hurried  jiaee. 
And  closed  the  door  ^rith  mre  ; 

But  Uie  eyes  of  the  Lord  are  in  every 
And  they  surely  beheld  him  there. 

In  the  deed  of  night  he  wont  forth  onoe 
To  a  com-atack  that  stood  hai-d  by, 

And  a  heavy  burthen  of  pinto  he  bore, 
And  concoal'd  it  from  mortal  eye. 

Tho  morning  dawn*d  and  the  Baililf  ] 

And  tmmmon'd  hia  menials  Roon 
"  In  order  my  costliest  service  di«*j)os 

For  gucata  will  be  here  at  nofju." 
^ich  man  has  now  hi^  .f...  .;m*..|  ^j^g^j.. 

For  tbo  semce  of  ]  ; 

Then  questiona  in  whi^  v  feuj-fidly; 

And  ore  hurrying  to  and  fro. 

Tho  Bailiff  listens — at  length  a  pr^go. 

In  tho  tremulous  voice  of  fear, 
Annouuce«  the  loss  ;  and  Iuh  well-fcigu'd 

It  was  dreadful  {they  aaid)  to  hear. 

Like  a  savage  man,  of  EeoHo  bcrcfl. 
With  oath8  he  reviled  them  all ; 

And  throaten'd,  if  no  one  acknowledged 
Hia  vengeance  on  each  shoiUd  £dl : 

But  promised  pardon  to  every  one 

Who  by  noon  had  tho  crime  confeaa'd 
They  were  innocent  all,  bo  ere  setting  of  i 
Tho  oonatablca  came^  and  the  searx^h  waa 
In  tho  preaence  of  many  a  guest 


The  stately  mansion  below,  above, 
And  the  arbours  for  ptoaaure  round. 

Are  eearoh'd,  and  the  servants  their  innooeni 
prove ; 
No  plate  oaa  be  anywhere  found. 

*  Tratk\>«GAr'«CA&  ««£&.«&  tv^vxui'vaftffiiifeiL 


CterlMlH«!lMAj 


FATHER  GABRIEL^S  STORY. 


S5 


And  then,  ptirsning  his  ^cked  plan^ 
(AdcI,  oh,  with  what  rile  iutont  t) 

To  the  oottuge  of  MuBsey,  good  peaceable  man. 
The  Bailiff  bis  coostabl^  Bent. 

The  man'*  surpiiso  iras,  indeod,  extreme, 
Tbou^  nnuTBd  there  could  be  no  cause  ; 

Their  visit  nppear'd  like  a,  tToublesome  drG&m 
To  him  who  oe'cr  broke  the  laws. 


**  My  frioud,"  loid  one.  in  a  kindly  tone, 

Our  errand  1  'U  briefly  state ; — 
In  this  cottage  it  seema  not  as  yet  to  bo  known 
Tliat  the  Bailiff  liaa  loet  bis  plate. 


["Throughout  hia  mansion  and  grounds  we  sought; 
Kot  even  a  cup  waa  aoen ; 
And  thoAjgU  to  Bea2x:h  here  wo  a  warmut  have 
brought. 
We  eh  all  find  nothing  here,  I  weea," 
Do  etmightwiiv  wont  to  the  oaken  chest. 

And  liiW  the  tmlock'd  lid  ; 
Then  forward  with  wonder  they  every  one  press' J, 
For  under  some  raiments  the  countryman  a  beet, 

tIL      A  tkh  idlrer  cup  was  hid. 
^P^waa  the  lareat  man'a  tankard,  beyofid  Boatike: 
li          Hi"  -—"    '•■'—-    •  .'i-avcn  fair; 
°       Will  Ma&<cy  rolomnly  epakc, 

"'  I  pr  '1  may  my  cMlcLrcu  forsake. 

If  i  kxjuMr  how  iha  cup  came  thoro  t" 
At  the  -tAtplv  ninn.Jon  tho  nowa  they  hcoT, 
Tl  found  at  hist: 

The  J at  tho  cottage  appear, — 
And  Quw  the  plot  ripcna  fiut. 
He  orders  Maasoy  at  onee  to  jail^ 
Right  glad  that  he  had  the  power ; — 
Thoy  who  heard  the  poor  wife  and  her  little  ones 
wail, 
Could  never  forget  that  hour. 

I        And  joy  waa  ar^  V         o«  to  ahmc, 

Ab  he  waw  ih  depart  ;^ 

The  Tcrgco  cit  i^,..:  _^l..„.  surely  L«  mine," 
He  eoid.  in  hia  wiok*d  heart 

\la  her  lonely  oottnge  the  mother  kneels, 
The  little  ones  round  her  cry  ; 
lo  epcaks  not  a  word,  for  too  keenly  she  feela ; 
Her  proycr  is  a  deejvdniwn  sigh. 

he  cell  ^ol-!  not  tho  captivo  long, 
T'  okd  no  delay; 

^  ■  :t,  bo  EAvage,  so  atrong, 

1 1 '  "tie  hifl  prey. 

Tlie  ntiion'd,  they  meet  in  haatc, 

111'  '       a  prcaidea; 

[Af'cu  I  I  iliobar  UiereifiplAood 

Tht  1  !  ' 'Od  confidooi. 

phci  case  ia  itato^l,  and  clear  his  gui]t» 
So  moiit  in  the  Caur'  v.-.iu...-^  _ 
Now  prove  thyself  I  irely  thou  wilt 

Bo  houg'd — there  ir^  e." 

With  the  learned  (noid  Matt^)  I  nrgue  not, 

To  theii-  skill  I  make  no  prateDoe ; 
Jut  from  childhood  till  now  a  ^d  name  I  have 

got. 
cwmot  tell  how  the  cup  oune  iamy  cot  ;— 

And  that  ia  my  acde  dettaoe," 

'  A  poor  defence  I  "  woa  on  many  a  tonftue, 
"IfM 


The  Bailiff  rises,  to  paaB  no  doubt 

Tlic  sentence  of  Bhomeful  death, 
When  proceedingTi  are  stopp'd  by  a  cry  without ; 
3Ion,  women,  and  children,  unite  in  tlie  siiouc, — 

In  nishca  a  man  out  of  breath. 

He  gasps  awhile,  he  id  faint  and  weak. 
And  wondering  they  gather  round  ; 
His  errand  to  learn  they  all  eagerly  seek. 
Then  fiiiiitly  he  uttei-s,  Hcarce  able  to  speak, — 
♦*  Tho  plate  of  the  Bailiff  ia  found  I  " 

Up  rose  tho  Judge  with  on  angry  fro\m 

(Yet  his  teiTor  was  great  to  see), 
''  Tfiot  waa  not  tlie  Btaok  which  I  bade  thorn  takt 
down — 

What  man  has  done  thiB  to  me  .' " 

On  leaving  home  that  important  mom. 

He  had  given  hia  men  command 
To  remove  from  the  threshers  a  largo  stack  of 

To  which  he  then  waved  hia  hand. 


Mocvey  can  aay  no  wore 
l^iiity  or  not  the  poor  i 
tho  iKKiUtfr  hia  pan^': 


huag, 


Which  stack  their  maater  was  pointing  at. 

The  men  did  not  rightly  know  ;— 
In  one  waa  the  plate,  they  began  taking  that ; 

It  waa  God  who  had  order'd  it  so, 

Tho  Judge  forgot  that  hia  words  of  ire 

Would  surely  himself  condemn  ; 
And  no  stronger  proof  did  the  Jurats*  require. 

His  guilt  was  quite  clear  to  them. 

Poor  Mosscy  hia  cyea  was  seen  to  raiBO 

With  n  grateful  look  to  heaven  ; 
Xo  word  did  he  Bpeak,  but  acceptable  praise 

To  God  from  his  heart  vas  given. 

•*  And  now,  good  man,  you  may  go  in  peace. 

No  longer  detained  you  are," 
The  Jurats  are  happy  to  give  him  releaae, 

And  the  Bailiff  la  placed  at  the  bar. 

lliat  just  and  right  in  that  ancient  time 

W^n«  the  law  of  the  lalcjf  we  find  ; 
He  was  sentenced  to  die  for  hia  terrible  crime ; 

The  doom  for  Massey  deaign'd, 

FATHER  GABRIEL'S  STORY. 

"Y^oc  see  my  family  had  been  fanners  and 
freeholders  in  the  coanty  for  more  than  two 
hundred  years ;  but  ray  father  being  a  more 
forward  aad  colonial-like  man  than  the  itist  ol 
hui  neigbbom-s  made  a  good  bit  of  money.  He 
waa  Ibrtuimte  enough  to  get  some  of  Mr, 
CoUinrra's  caJves,  the  bej^Itming  of  the  cele- 
brateiil  Durham  Itreed,  and  to  know  their  ^^dne 
before  other  peojtle  did.  Tlien  a  co^d  field  bein^ 
found  near  his  ftinn^  and  part  of  it  wanted 
for  works,  be  was  able  to  sell  that  for  n  gootl 
price,  and  keei>iug  onr  old  houae  took  a  lot 
of  additional  land  aa  a  tenant  on  tbe  V 
estate.  He  held  at  last  near  n  thousand  acres, 
and  had  all  tho  benefit  of  war  prices  at  an 
easy  rent.  It  was  Like  coinin^^  mauey  in 
tho&e  days.  We  ilidn't  st- 1  up  to  be  gentle- 
folks like  some,  but  we  kept  on  aterulily. 
There  were  ten  of  ua,  but  as  it  hapi^eneil,  all 
irirls  but  uie,and  I  wa^  t^".  v..ini>  .  ■>'  i.ii  tWo, 
My  elder  aiatert  were  III  ■.<* 

well-fiivoured lflaBeii.aaLk»  u       v.^w  |..,u  i'-.i>-d. 

'TbctiralTaJuiBtiJ 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


I 
I 


'^  I  was  five-and-twenty  tunied  A«rheii  I  met 
my  raisaia  at  IS'*  jnr  .ntli  one  aoranier ;  she 
was  a  neighbour^  ;  trnt  he  being  a 

widower,  she  had  h  y  with  an  aunt,  m 

Nortbuinberlaud  ]  We  soon  settled  to  b« 
marriGd  in  the  Autiinii^  but  my  mother  dyiii^ 
put  it  off  till  the  wiftttT.  Well,  this  dcnth 
fvud  my  t'^iti^j;  th*j  only  son,  brought  it  about 
that,  inatearl  of  ray  father  stocking  a  farm  for 
me,  I  took  my  ¥ril^  to  live  with  him,  and  took 
a  sliare  of  hii»  farm,  and  I  often  think  that, 
imdiT  Pi-ovldence,  thia  waa  the  roatl  that  letl 
me  to  Auatrali;\, 

"  Having  a  fancy  that  way,  I  took  s|ieciftl 
ohai'ge  of  the  homed  stock  ;  to  please  my 
m\B»h  I  had  given  up  bimting,  and  so  &et  to 
work  to  follow  Mr,  CoUingB*e  example^  antl  try 
whal  could  be  made  of  the  short-horns ;  partly, 
perh/ipti,  because  our  neighbour  laughed  at 
the  notion,  and  I  always  like  to  think  for 
myself.  My  head  herd  waa  a  Yorkshireman, 
by  the  name  of  Tom  Birkenshaw ;  he  h»A 
been  our  head  cartel-,  but  having  broken  his 
ankle  bone,  which  net  stiff  bme,  and  ao  bad 
for  travelling',  he  was  miule  biilUierd. 

"  Tom  was,  indeed,  I  may  say  he  is,  for  he 
don*t  live  far  off^  although  he  'a  getting  old 
now,  aa  knowing  a  fellow  about  cattle  or 
horses  as  ever  walked  in  ahoe-leatlier.  Yoti*ll 
mind  a  little  man  in  a  l>lue  night-cap,  with  a 
crutch-haiKlled  stick.  That  wa*  BirkenBhaw. 
He  hail  but  two  faults :  he  waa  apt  to  get  a 
drop  too  much  beer  now  and  then,  and  he 
couldn't  leave  tlie  mme  alone.  There  were 
presurvea  ail  round  ua,  luid  if  he  'd  been 
oontant  with  what  -was  Ibtmd  on  our  farm  it 
would  Dot  have  mattered  so  much  ;  but  that 
did  not  suit  him — he  muat  be  |xtaching  in 
the  very  midat  of  the  preaervea.  Tliea  he 
had  two  dogs  that  could  do  anything  but 
speak,  aa  regidar  poachers  and  as  fond  of  it 
aa  Tom  himself  wuti. 

"  Well,  fnibcr  witrned  him,  and  I  warned 
and  threatened,  but  it  waa  no  use.  Go  into 
his  cottage  when  you  would  lietween  August, 
when  the  leverets  are  ao  tender,  and  February, 
vou  were  sure  U>  amell  ganie,  though  not  a 
bit  of  fur  or  feather  wj*^  to  be  seen  ;  he  used 
to  say  to  me,  *lilees  your  heart,  Mai*tcr 
Gabriel,  it  *a  not  the  beaaties  I  care  for  ;  it  8 
going  atler  tliem^'  Hia  lame  leg  rather  intet^ 
fered  with  hia  sport  j  for  before  that  accident, 
there  wag  not  a  man  in  the  county  could  get 
nigh  him  if  ho  got  a  tair  at^ut,  Well,  m  I 
tohl  him,  ti>  make  a  long  story  abort,  he  waa 
caught,  one  moonlight  night,  by  tlie  eail's 
gamekeejier,  when  he  and  his  brindled  dcig 
ratch  were  enjoying  themselves  in  a  twelve- 
acre  meadow  of  the  Eai*l  of  D ^s ;  Patch 

driving  the  harea  into  the  ginis,  imd  Birken- 
ehaw  taking  them  out  and  resetting  them. 
Til  per  shot  the  dog  from  behind  a 

hti-  heliiwl  been  lying  waiting,  and 

cli  -  t  uv  man,  overtook  him,  and  knocked 
him  doxm.  John  jumped  up,  his  hjood 
boiling  at  the  loss  of  Patch,  caught  the 
kwsper  a  crack  with  a  abort  cudgel,  that  laid 


liim  flat,  took  to  his  heels,  and  ran  home 
told  DO  one. 

'♦  Two  houw  afterwarda  a  party  of  ^ 
found    the    keeper    l^ng    where   .1 
stretchwl  him,  groaiung,  blood v, 
ble.    The  next  day  he  recover 
and  by  midnight  poor  John  w 
Caatle,  heavily  iiuned.    He  wa,^ 
next  assizes,  and  sentenced  to  be  inui/ij 
for  life.    It  WM  ooAy  br  y«ry  •trong  iat«rfli| 
that  he  escaped  beinff  fmrr-'^i     1**^Venfftuiir 
told  the  judge  he  would  soi^  ^^-'d,  iirul 

many  of  his  friends  a^pi^eed  iL ^ai;:  wnU 

not  bo  won»e — so  blmd  tire  w*  poor  ruortalt 
to  what  is  best  for  ua.  We  prcnniMd  t<>  tak* 
care  of  hia  wife  and  two  httle  Iwys.  Join 
wiifl  taken  awav  ironed,  on  the  t*»p  ^  thf 
coach  tor  London.     He  paaseil  'he 

village  and  our  farm,  and  there  '  ry 

eye.  The  miners  wanted  to  rescue  i.mK  t.nt  m 
p>er8Uaded  them  It  would  do  no  good.     Yftan 
passed  before  we  ever  her^r '  •.»•■•»--  '  -  —  - 
dead  or  aliv^.  His  poor  wi ! 
an^l  died,  and  tho  two  liii.. 
ufi.  You'd  acaroely  believe  it ;  i 
fiither  hml  Ijeen  gone  six  monr  t 
them  and  my  eldest  son  Ralnh  in  the  hvy* 
loit  n:iaking  gins  for  hares.    ^  ou  lOAy  bw  mut 
I  threshed  them  all  well- 
Just  before  the  war  ended,  whsn  mf  tUft  | 


,  big  euoadb 

tuiher  ttoal 

'    ^•inn,dat 

'  ivn 


eldest  were  grow 

to  ride  to  mark 

agreed  to  take  auut  m 

\xmi  been  \&ry  badly 

on  a  long  le^o  ;  we 

bargain,  and  that  it  would  be  rea<i^ 

time  mv  sonEalphwaa  old  enough  t"  iAk( 

for  although  mv  father  was  v 

years,  he  was  as  hale  and  as  hem 

man  of  fifty.    But  the  very  wet- !. 

the  lease,  as  the  old  man  was  i  > 

Durham  on  his  mare,  that  ha^l 

without  shying  or  stumbling  fi«i 

years,  she  slipjied  up  in  con.:: 

road   and  threw  him   ag.i 

breaking  his  coUar  bone  aii^.  ... 

o[ien  ;  there  he  lay.  through  a  1 V 

many  hours  Ijefore  ne  waa  foun<  I 

several  weeks,  but  never  ndliefl. 

had  lived  together  ;  I  ©eemed  Um  hIm 

just  when  I  needed  him  most. 

"  Before  the  year  waa  out  }>eacc  was  mmtA^ 
and  down  went  prices.     I  had  to  pay  olf  njf 
sisters*  fortunes,  fixed  bv  will  whwj  wncat 
at  120«,  a  quarter.     Th 
to  pay  as  security,  thai 
a  relation,  who  hr^'^  '■ 
great  wuna  thrc»i 

gretat  mistake.    A  ucc: 

a    coalpit   we  haii    a  he:i  •n,    and 

which  1  took  from  my  si-  iso  th<i»y 

had  raai'ried  far  away,  buiist  out  with  fire- 
damp, was  tilled  with  water,  and  th*  m  could 
not  V»e  cleared.  So  one  way  or  another,  y^hxt 
wiih  the  heavy  sume  needAl  lor  stocking  nmi 
l>uttiiig  in  heart  the  new  farm,  my  ready 
money  allme\led  aww.    1L\^^.*^\  ciMu*»,A^tt  x 


TATHEIl  GABRIEL'S  STORY. 


td 


i4iwct  glMWn  of  sunshlDe,  a  iwil&r  fall  of 
|iric«SDf  *"-^  '*  '-alprodiMJe.  The  landlords 
ftM.<k*  (a>  ve  JIB  &n  act  of  parliament 

ttiot  llir»  -  -  .  .1 1  keep  com  at  SOi.^  though 
enm  tMl  would  scarcely  do  for  some  of  ns ; 
ht/L  we  liki^d  askd  drank' toasts,  hnrrahed,  and 
^nt  home  aatts^ed.  Mt'at.  vool,  and  com  all 
vrntdowii  ;  ttwai  quite  plain,  that  if  suchtimee 
•ootiiRiMi,  ni  the  Mune  reiita,  Vjr(iak  we  all  muj^t. 
TVm  that  h»d  WvM  fa^  v^ith  sraall  capital, 
htffm  to  go  firat.  But  jou  know,  mir,  a  fanner 
Ses  MB  hftfti  MA  a  fox:  or  a  dingoe  ;  he  can't 
•hiit  his  pWot  «o  esu^3'  aa  a  tradesman  or  a 
bfticivrer  ;  uid  ht*  takes  a  longer  time  to 
f,-e  tK.<  liLiull.iiNi  who's  the  chief 
wiT  time,  knowing  he 
veep  away  alt.  Well, 
lake  a  goo«l  fight  with 
lown  expenaefl,  wcar- 
l  to  the  plough ; 
»r  the  children  i 
Ttioney 
;  and 
'i.'iisjMi  Ku  leave 


»ir  i».ri«i 


^Tid  although 
.nt  ftud  Ht 
•   any  real 


Wy 

litcrwKKU.  ^. 
WUho  <ssrt  ' 

•tit  to  111*,  ns  ou*- 


f«gular  (!• 

gOI10y  I  WBB 

u»  n  hail"" 

rhhigsffotTafybSAek  mi<1> «^< 

tai£iJ[  rtr^  lottd  i 

«oitiily  maetiii^  T  eoui 

dmAM  of  geodprioea. 

**  Wtit,  mT<*  4%r  whrt  ahfMild  come  up  with 

ni    Mr.  L&mbton 

Ing   gentleman, 

a  Mr.  il ,  want- 

hI  diort-homs,  both 

out; 

v....i»  and  a 

:^  out.     He  WM 

II  him  where  to 

I  ro<ie  abont 

k,  and  naturally 

ii  him,  was  Biir- 

.  the  only  place 

■  uth  Walee, 

that  I  was 

^^Tirrra    to    use    his 

'•ut  with   my  J"rimily 

.1  ,.,.-.  .,  .......r  .--f  land 

;id  no 

ir.h  ld« 

.   be  was  sure,  make 

^nd  a  ]nt  more  ahrmt 

and  sheep. 

it  Ht  first; 

.J  land, 

y  Bay. 

<[»e  iia  not  say 


ot),  aa  well  nn  ; 
It   np  my  own 


.1  and  riveiid 
h*\a   tht   same 


I  found  the  use  of  it,  and  ao  have 


way,  and 
they. 

*'  Well,  aa  thin^  got  wowe,  I  cut  down  all  I 
could^  worke^I  oany  and  lat«tj  a£id  lired  as  hard 
neai-ly  as  my  grandfather*  and  my  wife  nerer 
orumbled^  or  evem  looked  sad,  when  I  was  by, 
but  I  ofled  to  tee  the  tears  running  down  her 
cheeks  as  the  lay  aaleep,  for  we  bii»th  knew 
there  would  ba  but  one  end,  unless  aome  great 
change  took  plaee  in  rents  and  price  of  <Nim^ 
and  that  end  was  nUn.  We  were  l>i  1  '  1 1«^ 
of  what  Mr.  I^unbton'a  friend  had  it 

we  said  nothing  to  each  other,  for  no 

people  in  the  country  looked  on  u 

and  tranjiportation  as  much  the  __.  -—^'^i 
and  Australia  waa  thought  a  country  of  thieves 
and  saTagea. 

"  It  waa  a  few  days  after  I  had  paid  my  rent, 
I  had  tded  to  get  a  reduction,  but  the  land- 
lorda  of  the  aeoond  ferm  were  cmly  trustees, 
and  aaid  they  oould  not  do  it ;  for  the  third 
ye.'u     1  i  had  come  out  of  my  capital,  and 

I  AN  .smoking  a  pipe,  and  wondering 

whui  ^*.i«  M*  itecome  of  us  all,  and  whetlier 
Botany  Bay  was  as  good  a  place  for  a  farmer 

as  what  Jtr.  M had  told  me,  when  the 

lx>et-boy  comes  up  on  hia  ponv,  on  his  way  to 
the  caatle^  and  wM&tles  aa  having  a  letter 
He  wai  a  new  post^mau  (Bob  Spurrier,  that 
other  ladjOnliEted  in  the  dragoons  and  waa 
killed  at  Waterloo  ;)  the  lasses  were  all  in  the 
dairy,  8o  I  atept  out  myself  Saya  he,  *  Is 
there  a  woman  here  by  the  name  of  Molly 
Birkenshaw.  'cause  I  Ve  a  letter  for  her,  and 
it  'b  four  ana  elevenpence^  a  letter  from  fuirin 
ports,  I  take  it/ 

*^  When  he  said  this  yon  might  have  knockeil 
me  down  with  u  feathc-r.  I  knew  in  a  moment 
where  it  was  from, — the  very  place  I  had  been 
thinking  on  that  minute.  So  I  stared  at  him 
a  bit,  aM  then  I  sjud,  quite  slow,  *  There  was 
a  wench  o'  that  name,  but  she's  dead,  but 
you  can  give  me  the  letter,  for  her  lads  are 
hen?.' 

**  *  Aye,*  aaya  he, '  but  you  must  pay  for  it.' 

'*  With  that  I  snatches  the  letter  from  him, 
and  throws  him  a  crown  piece,  and  off  he 
goei»,  and  I  stood  looking  on  itaa  if  I  was  in  a 
dream.  There  it  wsa,  niain  enough,  *  MoUy 
Birkeiishaw,  GnarledoeJc  Farm,  Jingscroft, 
near  Durham,  England,'  and  stamped  'Sydney, 
New  South  Wales,  Ship-Iett»^r.'  Chris.'  Birk- 
enshaw  came  in  soon  after  ^^ith  a  team,  and 
we  broke  it  to  him  gently.  The  poor  lad 
cried  above  a  bit.  WeH,  we  i  '    '  ,'  letter, 

and,  sure  enough,  it  was  fr  her.     I 

can  show  it  you,  for  I  keep  il  >  iir  i.>rke<l  up  ; 
I  call  that  letter  my  title-deed,  for  without  it 
I  should  never  have  wonned  hei'e. 

**  He  told  how  he  had  written  several  times, 
but  his  letters  never  came  to  him<l,  as  he 
guMsed  himself.  It  seemed  he  hnd  done  welL 
having  cot  assigned  to  a  master  thjtt  treated 
him  well— he  being  valuable  from  hia  know- 
U^  Ige  of  cattle  and  horses ;  and  Uml  after  a  few 
jeara  he  had  got  hia  pardon  ibr  shooting  a 


3 


I 


you  tho  letter  when  we  get  horae)  *  he  put 
two  ballfi  through  my  hat ;  but  I  fetche<l  him 
down  with  one  of  my  snap  ehota.  without 
putting  the  gun  to  my  shoulaer,  aa  ne  looked 
Toxind  a  tree.  You  mind,  Moggy»  how  I 
used  to  knock  the  rabbita  that  war,  holding 
the  gun  across  my  knees ;  but  there  *8  no 
rabliitsi  here,  nor  game  worth  speaking  of. 
which  ia  a  great  pity ;  but  perhaps  it  is  all 
for  the  best.'  Then  he  went  to  tell  how  he  M 
got  a  fifty-acre  grant  and  a  small  lot  of  cattle, 
and  had  made  money  by  his  wageB  and  by 

attejiding  to  tho  cp:*eat  Mr.  L "b  herd  of 

bree<ler8,  and  had  bought  grants  of  laud  from 
dnnking  ftUows;  and  what  a  good  country  it 
waa  for  all  kinds  of  live  stocK  •  and  what  a 
profit  wlieat  paid,  the  government  wftiitinff 
such  a  qnajitity  of  meal  tor  the  priaonen* ;  and 
how  1au<1  could  be  had  on  grant  by  a  farmer 
with  aome  money ;  and  how  drunken  many  of 
the  people  were,  and  how  well  sober  people  got 
on  ;  for,'  sava  he,  'I  've given  up  drimc^Moggy, 
ever  since  I  got  my  liberty  ! '  Then  he  n^Ked 
after  hia  old  friends,  and  even  the  game* 
keeper,  hoping  he  had  got  over  that  clout ; 
and  after  his  old  master,  that  was  me,  aiiti 
wished  Master  Bowsted,  a  wild  young  gen- 
tleman that  used  to  go  poaching  with  lom, 
might  tliink  of  coming  out;  and  then  he 
gave  a  list  of  prices  of  cattle  and  aheep,  and 
wages ;  and  ended  by  saving  he  had  sent  50i.^ 
to  be  paid  through  the  Durham  bank^  to 
Mister  Gabriel,  that  'b  me,  for  the  passage 
of  his  wife  and  family;  and  if  he  did  not  hear 
this  time,  he  should  not  wnte  no  more,  but 
giv^e  it  up  for  a  ImuI  job.  And,  Bure  enough, 
tiiree  days  after  came  a  notice  that  the  money 
huil  oome. 

"'  Well,  we  speUed  it  over  again  and  again  ; 
the  two  lads  wept,  and  ao  did  my  wife  ; 
and  r  could  seaively  help  weeping  myself,  to 
think  what  a  ct>mlbrt  it  would  have  l>een  to 
poor  Mo^'TTj'  BirkenBhaw  if  ehe  had  lived,  and 
to  think,  t4jo,  what  a  help  and  warning  this 
letter  seemcti.  Well,  I  got  on  my  nag,  and 
took  a  turn  i-uund  the  farm,  just  to  give  me 
time  to  consider  what  or  whether  I  should  stay 
any  thing  about  emigrating  to  my  wife.  The 
time  was  come  for  me  to  make  up  my  mind 
Tom  Birkenahaw's  letter  had  turned  the  scale 
with  me  ;  but  when  I  looked  round,  and  eaw  in 
the  dintance  the  gpire»  of  the  cathedral  that 
had  so  often  been  a  glad  sign  of  home  near, 
after  a  long  absence,  my  heai't  almo8t  failed  me 
Tlie  thouj^ht  of  a  farewell  for  ever  to  the 
countrv  and  the  county  and  t?ie  pariMh  wdiere 
I  wail  horn ;  of  seeing  no  more  the  fields  in 
which  I  had  labom*ed  and  sported  for  nearly 
forty  yeanSj  seemed  indeed  a  draught  too 
bitter.  Then,  again,  I  recalled  my  present 
position,  sliding  surely,  in  spite  of  my  strug- 
gles,  in  spite  of  my  eUn^:ings  to  everj-  twig  of 
stay — ilowD,  down  to  rum  •,  ruid  my  heart  w^as 
hardened  for  any  change  that  offered  &ir 
hopes  of  an  honest  living. 

**At  length,  my  mind  was  made  up.  I 
would  apeak  to  my  wife  tliat  very  evenings 


and  find  whether  she  would  croat  the 
fight  it  out   with   poveHy  at  home, 
this  resolution  I   rode   bock,  firmer   in 
8a<ldle  than  I  had  been  for  many  a  <\nx 
was  dusk,  and  sup{>er  laid  out :   tb< 
waiting  for  me  for  prayers  ;  it  was  m 
son  Bamaixi's  turn  to  read  a  chapt^^i. 
wife  (it   was  not   her  custom)  wetit 
fetched    the    Bible,  a    lighted    can*l' 
putting  her  finger  on  a  place,  aoid  to  I 
in  a  voice  that  sounded  oa  if  she  >s 
lowing  her  tears,  '  Tha^t^  read  Mov/ 
boy  read : — 

**  •  Now  the  Lord  had  said  unto  Ab 
thee  out  of  thy  country,  and  from  thy 
and  fratn  thy  father*s  house^  unto  a  laud  tii^i 
I  will  shew  thee.* 

•*Then  I  looked  at  her  and  with  :. 
serious  smile,  her  eyes  answere<l  nr 
knew  we  were  agreed. 

"The  next  day  we  began  to  prepM^  Uf\ 
our  long  journey.    Weary  work  ■*  "-^  na' 
painful,  deciding  what  to  tak«^  u 

sell.    Many  a  treasure  was  sj>  t( 

oak  presses,  chairB,  uid  betlat*-.  uiu 

l»e longed   to  our   family  for   *•<  m 

to  go  under  the  auctionoer's  hammtif.    Ba 
we    went    at    the    work    with    a   will,  atn 
cleared  away  wholesale.    We,  who  ^> 
and    the    fulbo^wn,    were    B«d  ; 
cliildren   playeS  and  enjoyed  the  o<tiiiusi^.L 
which  made  us  still  sadder. 

"Having  chosen  what  fiirniti?' ''  ^ 

use^  as  well  as  what  wouM  ' 
room  and  sell  for  nothing,  nu.l  • 
muster  of  tools  and  agnciil 
lialf  of  whicli  turned  out 
three  of  my  finest  yearling  bull 
barter  of  other  stock  for  a  car. 
stallion. 

"  The  sorest  trial  was  the  day  of  sale 
the  remarks  of  my  friend  * 

No  criniiual  was  ever  i 
doomed  man  ;  and  on  lookm-  i.,.«k,  i  > 
wonder  how  I  had  courage  to  persevere, 
pot  rid  of  my  farms  at  a  gi-eat  sacrifioe  ;  Hirt 
having  made  up  my  mind  to  go,  1  thought  tht 
sooner  I  was  guue  the  better. 

"The  only  parties  who  would  j<«in  roe  Ic 
emigrating    were    two    young    men,    smsL 
farmers,   Granby's   father   an< 
wood,  who  WfiH   killed   by  th 
where  we  stand  ;  he's  burl    '  '  i 

but  you  can  see  the  mound, 
over  the  savages.   Budge  auu  ^uuixn  i 
US  two  years  afterwanhji.    It  was  on  I      I 
very  hard  up  that  would  think  of  civ^., 
the  sea. 

"  As  for  the  Squires  they  were  very 
th^  did  not  like  the  example  set  to 
and  abused  me  as  if  I  had  been  a  d 
or  a  traitor.    Emigration  wu  not  in 
as  it  is  now. 

**0f  friends  of  my  own 
not  like  the  sea,  another  th* 
mend,  another  was  getting 


Will   Black- 
Bliifkft   n«*f 


i 


iuJaJaft' 

Jid 
iild 

"  iiHM   hit 


wife  stopped  hita,  and  so  they  stayed.    Ont 


C^atU*  Di«k»«.l 


FATHER  GABRIEL'S  STORT. 


of  a  do2ea  all  came  dowu  to  the  workhouae 
or  dtty-lul)oui%  excj^yi  one,  and  he  went  to 

Canada  ajul  did  welJ.    Mr,  M »  tV'j>  -,,.,, +l.. 

iiiuii  from  New  South  Wales,  was 

to  hear  of  my  going  with  such  a  \id^       ^ 

tmd  got  me  a  cheap  passage,  on  condition 

of  our   looking  afler  nia  bulls,  rams,  and 

hone?. 

"  We  were  a  bu^  party,  and  every  one  able 
to  work,  except  the  baby  ;  bnt  my  capital  had 
dwindled  to  a  few  hundred  pounds^  Even' 
<me  of  my  servants  haa  done  welL  Bill 
jiouBer^  my  head  farm-aervant,  paid  hia  own 
poaaoge  ;  he  's  one  of  the  richest  men  in  the 
colony  DOW.  The  two  young  Birkenshaws 
mavned  two  of  my  daughters;  one  of  them 
is  in  Poll  Philip.  Bettv  Ludlow,  the  dairy- 
maid, lonn  ied  mv  secontf  son,  Barnard.  Huj^h 
ijamla,  my  ploughman,  haa  a  nice  farm  on  the 
river ;  you  saw  him  last  night,  a  dark,  stout 
liltlo  man  ;  and  Dolly  Rusaell,  our  nnrae,  has 

married   the  rich  Mr.  N ,   and  lives   in 

L J'  iter  style  than  the  governor's  lady,  which 
!      ieserves,  for  ahe  was  &«  good  as  she  was 
V-tctty. 

"We  sailed  to  Lr^ndou  irctm  Newcastle  in  a 
smack,  and  sent  the  stock  with  the  men  and 
two  of  my  latls  by  Jan  J.  The  misery  of  tiie 
voyage  xuid  the  lodging  in  Loudon  would 
almu>st  bavti  turned  us  bivck  if  it  had  not  been 
t'VT  htr'.  Only  my  wife  never  gave  in ;  and 
ii  iMm  it,air»  in  emigrating,  a  wiie  of 

»rt  is  half  the  battle. 

1  \'e  months  fromLondon  to  Port 
'■.'j;  in  at  the  Cai>e  for  water  and 
..-tijui*,  but  we  only  lost  one  bulL 
c  were  ready  to  kin  the  ground  when  we 
uded.    ^ly  third  son  George  took  a  fancy 
the  sea ;  and   though  he  stayed  at  home 
til   we  were   settled,  he  went  ofi",  and  now 
€onimaudH  a  whaler  out  of  Sydney.    I  found 
he^t  t4t  sell  my  live  stock,  for  wliich  I  got 

-  es.     Mr.  M "a  letters  put  me 

it;  but  within  a  week  of  landing, 

eushaw  limpefl  into  our  lodgings. 

tten  to  him  when  we  maiie  up  our 

the  letter  did  not   ai-rive   much 

ourselves.    Tom  was  much  older, 

and  L'jN  V.  with  downcast  look,  but  still 

ihe  idea  of  momiy  in  both 

r4  tidy  nac.    The  meeting 

tw<;;t.it  iiim  and  his  orphan  lada  was  a  very 

oviriff  sight.    It  aeemed  curioua  that  times 

turn  round,  that  my  best  friend 

>uy  herd,  Mid  he  a  prisoner  too.     I 

L.ia  iiiJMh  nco  tn      '  hI grant,  and  Birken- 

»haw  jiijt  me  u  l^d  to  ask  fur,  and 

ciflicialgc!!.. ...,  .liiiondliate  by  letting 

ve  uiie  of  n»y  horses  on  his  o\ni  terms, 
haw  bought  my  ttaim  of  oxen  and 
ftg^nn  ;  I  had  a  tent;  he  engaged  me  my 
b»D^  a  buUock-driver,  a  stocknxan  and 
two  otheni,  all  from  ottr  oeigUboorhood,  all 
priaonera. 

*  I  c<anio  down  t^o  thw  place  ^  •■  was 

aol  A   Btittlvr  within  a   huii'  .  and 

my  t«nt.  a  ttan^^^d.  one. 


ruck  - 


aorir 


on  the  river  side.     Ha^ang  t  .      tntomed 

to  find  house  and  outbuildii  .  fields, 

rriii-.iMiid  beside  shojja  for  all  v.v-l...  .-  .i.,il  imple- 
iidy  to  our  hautht,  we  had  every  thing 
,  and  vt-jy  little  to  make  it  with.  But 
1  pulled  "fl  I  i\  at  and  begfui,  and  for  fifteen 
years,  i'ir>\n  ^J  tv  i;^lit  to  dusk,  never  left  off  for 
six  days  a-week,  besides  teaching  the  children 
in  the  evening,  when  they  were  not  too  sleepy 
to  listen  to  me.  A/ter  fifteen  y^ears,  I  found  I 
could  rest  a  little,  and  now  I  only  give  a  hand's 
turn  at  harvest  or  shearing  time.  But  then  I 
have  had  six  more  children  bom  to  me,  besides 
grandchildren  ;  and  in  this  country  truly  we 
may  say  with  the  Psalmist,  'Children  are  an 
heritage  of  the  Lord,  As  arrows  In  the  hand 
of  the  strong  man,  bo  are  ehildreu  ;  happy  ia 
the  man  that  hath  his  quiver  full  of  them,' 
for  food  grows  faster  than  mouths,  and 
they  are  well  earning  their  worth,  when  at 
home  they  would  want  a  maid  to  look  after 
them. 

*'  It  is  tinio  I  have  been  vei7  fortunate  ; 
there  will  never  be  such  times  again  for 
making  money — since  the  free  grants  of  land 
and  the  assignment  of  prisoners  have  both 
been  done  away  with.  Then  my  land  has 
always  been  free  from  dwiught,  and  is  right 
down  good  land,  neetling  little  work  for 
clearing ;  although,  as  for  that,  you  may  take 
my  word,  theie  la  more  good  land  than  the 
squatters  like  to  owo.  Why,  I  have  had  four 
sets  of  sen-ants  that  have  done  well,  besides  a 
lot  of  idle  drinking  follows.  There  was  my 
first  bullock-driver,  Frank  Fetlock  ;  he  was 
transported  for  stealing  com  to  feeii  his  mas- 
ter's horsest ;  when  he  was  before  the  magis* 
trates  they  offered  to  let  liim  off  if  he  would 
enlist,  lus  he  was  a  very  fine-looking  fellow. 
He  often  laughed  about  it,  saying  what  a 
good  job  it  was  he  wouldn't  consent,  ^dthough 
he  rued  his  answer  when  first  sent  to  the 
hulks  for  transportation.  Prank  was  an  in- 
genious fellow,  alwa}^  at  work  on  straw  hats 
or  stockwhips,  or  something,  when  not  busy 
for  me.  When  he  left,  he  had  a  m/ue,  a  few 
head  of  stock,  and  a  little  money  saved  up  to 
begin  with.  Yorkshire-like,  ho  wils  a  rare 
hand  at  chopping  and  swapping,  antl  now  he 
la  one  of  the  richest  men  in  the  district.  Then 
there  was  Tom  Nash,  a  stcxjkman  of  mine ; 
he  came  out  as  groom  to  Colonel  I— — ,  quite 
a  fine  gentleman  flunkey  when  he  arrived, 
a  cockney  too ;  he  threw  up  his  liverj", 
because  he  saw  where  money  was  to  be 
made,  gave  up  all  expenses,  saved  money, 
and  is  a  squatter  now,  with  perhaps  as  tine  a 
stock  as  any  in  the  colony.  Those  of  my  old 
neighboui'8  from  Gnarledoak,  that  have  come 
out  and  laid  down  to  work,  have  done  well ; 
go  where  you  will,  the  hard  workiugman,  with 
a  largo  family,  is  thriving.  But  then  there 
are  lailures.  Parmer  Cudworth  had  3000^, 
when  he  lauded  ;  he  was  alwa}'s  gi'urabling, 
hated  the  country,  hated  the  people,  and  made 
them  hate  him,  fjpent  as  much  money  ou 
clearing  and  fencinjg  tweot/^^iHHMBliouId 


I 


90 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


Imve  gone  to  crop  a  hand  red  ;  would  stick  to 
all  h\»  o1<i  rountry  notious,  lost  his  money, 
took  t<i  '11  inking,  and  died.  Squire  Riamrs 
8*j  1  rue  with  A  iefter  of  i 

he  ..,  wcmkl  not  wait   t 

thitt^  butight  aheep  the  Sydney  Uuik  i^w]  \v 
moftg4ia#  on — a  regolsr  bed  Hot  ;  then  left 
nil  to  itis  ovt'i^Hoer  wbile  he  wms  dADcliig 
fit  the  goveruor'a  ImlLi,  playing  the  f&flhiou- 
uUc,  juid  mstd«  a  oompiete  &llure  ;  he  went 
home,  Atui  <o  yo«  «ee,  air,  the  long  and 
ihort  of  it  iH,  thnt  for  r»  '"."*t.-n>  .in  work 
liinuielf,  ihtM  i»  u  iAriivn  i  i kewise 

money  18  to  be  made  i  uag  o^t 

mouuy  in  aftjiik  atid  waiting  tor  the  increase  ; 
hot  a»  A  ^'eneral  rule  the  money  made  by  genr 
tlewon  wlio  hATL<  not  much  capital,  and  have 
ncjt  been  accustomed  to  soil  their  hatidsi  is  by 
saving,  liviaisf  l*ing  choap  and  neither  shoi) 
nor  t'jisihionisi  in  the  Bosh  to  tempt  into  spena- 
biu  My.     1  could  tell  a  score  of  stories 

a)  I  'vl»  known,  of  all  aorlB,  that 

hav>  Mwtii  .>t.ll,  rmii  that  have  made  a  regular 
mull  of  it.  Fair  wordri  and  hani  work  will 
cairy  yon  through;  it's  better  to  aay  come 
than  ffOj  if  you  want  work  done  in  the  Colony, 
^rhfirtf  was  young  C— — ►.  But  whut  'a  that  by 
the  fallen  giun-tree  ;  as  I  live  there'*  a  dingoe 
at  a  sick  *,'we.  Loo  Boomer,  Loo  Boun^r! 
at  him,  good  dogs  !  ^  The  hoimds  c&ngbt 
idght  jofit  ax  master  Dingoe  began  to  ateal 
acroa*  the  i^ht^in,  juat  like  a  fiy^  hill  f 
only^  insteaa  of  c^irrying  hi*  bruah  saUaiM 
in  the  air,  it  Mixa  lucked  miserably  Detwru 
hid  legs  ;  awav  went  the  houmls,  at  full  Hpood  ; 
we  followetl,  leafiing  lallen  treca  and  cracki*, 
the  old  man  Mtandijij^'  up  in  hi«  stirntp,  with 
hia  hat  in  liis  hand,  cheering  the  dogs  at  the 
lop  of  Itis  voice  ;  after  a  i^harp  burst,  just  ae 
master  Dingoe  was  getting  into  a  scrubby 
thicket.  Boomer  turned  lum,  and  Bf.ninder 
puUetl  him  down,  not  without  receiving  a 
grab  that  nearly  fiit  off  his  '"  '  .  in  one 
minute  my  knite  laid  the  bi  t  open. 

This  ended  our  coaaip  for  u  h  I  sus^ 

pect  Father  Oabnel  was  rut  It  li  nod  that 
old  sportm^  instinotA  and  hatr  i  .a  ihe  Buah- 
man'B  curse,  the  nadve  dog,  should  have  nude 
him  forget  hia  poritionaei  au  elder  at  Oal  triers 
ChapeL 


taj»*  •■•  "  ^'--n  he  geta  back  to^  laoflon  MmA 


I. 
til 

we  ijij'. 
to  niui 
Talk  r„ 
ail  m- 
of  ^»- 
t!. 


THE  MODERN  ROBBERS  OF  THE 
RHINE. 

"How  pictoreaque  I"  says  Mi-s.  Smith,  as 
aho  -^  '1-1-  in  the  eentrr  of  a  group  on  bcxard 
a  I  irer,  all  of  whom  are  looking  up 

at  I  1  «3iKtles  along  the  choice  portior 

of  the  iNuiks  near  'Bhliz, 

**  How  po€tii.>nl  !"  says  her  daughter.  Miss 
Smith  (just  budding  sixteen),  who  has  been 
reading  the  acrapj*  of  Bjroiv  and  Southey 
quoted  in  that  ubiquitoiaa  red  volume,  Mur- 
ray* ''  Handbook." 

'**  Crack  wines  grow  hereabouts,  I  believe  V* 
says  the  eon  of  twenty-two,  who  smokes,  aad 
w^hfis  to  be  able  to  talk  about  what  he  haii 


by  rubbiiig  uu   tin-   lu-U\s:iy  auU  p'r 
the  h^ikta  that  came  d'^wn    thia   n\ 

111 '  ■      :   ■  ' 
I 

anoeatoTH,   onr  wise 
beaten  ami    mblicd.      i         ^ 
but  we,  Sir,  know  better,"     Ati 
Smith  di'ew  up  his  head  in  a  v* 

^¥* 

Mr.  Smith  used  to  go  every 
giite  or  to  htli^hUm  ;  but  cb*': 
cheap  staMnboKta  huvi^    lurefl 
^"  where  he  thank*   I 

li  ItOO^in  these  oin 
VM'    i-jiiibera  of  that  iamou.^  .->ijr-.wu  atv:  *m^ 
posed  to  exist  only  in   it^  leg«ud».     SitufM 
Mr.  Smith  1 

The  Iwld  robber-barons  of  th' 
and    the    fiuuoui)    Schinderltam 
mo*lern  «Ute,  are  gone,  it  is  true  j 
chjingo  an    ICnglish  sovereijjrn    on 
steamer,    &penk    £ngli»h  nt    a 
or  stay  but  one  day  at  Wi»'sWl< 
or  Baden-Eadeu,  and  it  \\  - 
enou;i(h   thut  w*?   have  lui 
(,\,i  ,.,.;  .;.  ,,i.^ — j.^^1^  living,  bivu  I 

1 «  I  s  robliersi  of  the  lib 

;_ .,      .  i  frimilv  b'^'l 

tor    B<4L'!:.i,     .-,■  I ',.,■,'   M'i 

they  hii'i  in II Mil  H.,!i,i,.  , 
knotty  prolJjeia,  "  How  t  , 
They  had  tftoppeid,  too,  at  hv 
hotda,  and  had  been  still  ii 
ever  by  the  myatenous  ret : 
made  in  Bavarian  floriiiB  ol 
BCtmetinifai  in  German  florii 
they  had  tried  in  vainto  nm:<\ri  irp  tuifrt  nuv 
of  kreutzers  and  silber  groschcn,  of  thaleiii 
and  golden,  and,  more  t&ri  all,  to  iiutku  up 
thflir  miods  what  could  he  the  vuluc«  of  tJie 
nmnbcrless  varieties  of  lilil'-  d\r\v  .-.Im  thcr 
received  in  *-'hjinge  for  ah 

gold     Young  Smith,  v  :  lOgy 

hail  discarded  de«criiJtioiia  ami  im^uii  lezi,  and 
had  determbie<l  upon  n  plnn  of  lus  own  tbr 
the  study  of  Couuntu  nmtics.     He 

had  duu^d  a  sovei*  [,«  landed  afc 

Oitend  into  the  moufji    ut  oei^um, 


THE  MODERN  fiOBBEl^  OF  THE  RHIKE. 


91 


tiercut  denumiiuitions*     Into  a 
I  ;  li^  put  the  cbAiige  so  takim, 

HuJo  uu^  m,  it  vroK  of  pieces  of  tlve  fraucs, 
^ranei,  hnU-fhmcs,  qunrter-fjuncs.  two  h<>m», 
sooiif  nnd  centimes.     On  his  roiui  li 
theao;  niwl  when  he  cfot  to  the 
JPrnaniH  •'    "  '     '  ' 

kouao  an- 
progr--  ....  ..^._  .-,  ...  , 

meaiK  isiiin  ooins.    !N 

eite«  \Ail>m  with  thr 

steam    took    them    to 
n  therr,  a  third  Ki-rip^t  of 
Ot'iiui  wttit:  iii  it:iju<*.t,  ThcmoDcycif 

WilUlUU  ^ft**  OOTIVH-I^l  ITltO  <hf*t  of 

Duke  c»1'  N  w;ls 

ehAnged   j  At 


Uie  ♦  ket  were  from 

the  1  kti.     Tile  very 

I  ail  way  "f  that  potentate 
t  -    Byusle,  whence   Schauff- 

hukuatfu  wiut  wicitii)  e:t^y  reach.  Here,  at  the 
IVIU  of  th**  Uhiti*?,  the  yonng  Dumisntatie 
J  (1    his    money    into    the 

;  Switierlaiui — batzea  and 

r.ii    [       ,s-  '  of  this  profTreas — at 

<-.'•<  1 1    "1.;-    1!  icnl    iliustrfttion    of 

«^'  ''■:■•  -the  whole 

I  had  been 

iUiiv?  w^-.  ..  -      -=  'l  by  irin- 

fithel*  ti  rnonej-H  of 

whisre  tii  wm  com- 


At   f*<»hnT»fniatwen    tbii-e  w*r«,  HA  txsniil, 

iw^n  who,  fthK>  fts  usual*  ha<l  a 

the   moneys    and    the   hf»tcU. 

'  :  nyself  pf actirAlly  itc- 

iicy  in  a  way  of  my 


•*  i  I  me  of  the  group  of 

traV'  i»in-'  Mil  the  anbject, 

**  1  'liined   our 

hfT-  -li  what  I 

;  iheu  chrttige'l   that  iij 

a  ;  and  that  A'^aul  in  th* 

rt;  and   ho  on  rcj^neRtwl 

.  and  Bjivaria — in  Jact,  in 

?,vij  Mtyur.!'.*'  juri«dictioti  through  which  we 

passed. ' 


lear,"  itiff- 

I    Kiiv'Hi^n, 


"  'lUu'-  It  ijs," 
Action  to  ihf  word. 
of  hi  ' 

Tl> 
csert;i 

lookisig  a  jumi 


ymir  pom 


1   the 
!t!nts 

L^ing, 


rui  Israelite  counted  out  in  the  Jews'  Lane,  at 

Fnvukibrt. 
*'  Count  it  up,"  aaid  Smith  the  younger, 
*^V»ry  good,"  aaid  tho  Oemian,  ;^nd   h* 

fmncs — t«jn-— "  anid  Sirnd 
ou.ip/*    pr.M    the    'I-TTTinn.   "  ^^  -s 

I  and  Fivnrl,   tr-.. !■■.■:  ■.'■  -  'W'-i  i.  "  i- 

♦'-'■-lit  ValiUo.     J    will  U-li  Vuu    t;.,,    ......t,..   ijf 

henp."     He  went  to  work  lf»  tell  th'»in 
,  and  fitiit^d  tbo  result  in   batzen  mu! 
rnppen, 

"  And  how  much  ia  that  worth  in  English 
sterling  coin  1 "  a&ked  o  bystander. 

**Juat  fourteen  shillingB  and  u  penny 
farthing,'*  replied  the  (Jei-niau. 

"  %\Tiat  l  *'  shrieked  Smith. 

''  FriTirt ".  :,  .-l.illliiga  and  a  |MJUiiv  mrtiung 
i-::,ji!:,-l  .■    i.  ;--'-!  the  German. 

.Ui'l  -  jI  u^u-^,  anre  enough.  Exa<i,!y  five 
shiJJiiigH  and  teii|>ence  three  farthinga  wjk 
the  prieo  of  rli  ii-In-  a  sovereign  bi*tween 
fist  end   and  laen.     Tliat   was  th^ 

trifling  toll  tal  section  of  the  modern 

robbera  of  the  UliLut;  I 

ExpreaMons  of  surprise  and  indignation 
were  numerous  upon  this  diiscorer)',  :md 
fttrai^'htway  e,'u::h  of  the  f»arty  bec-an  to 
detail  hia  own  apeeijiJ  grievaiRre,  witn  such 
warmth  that  adl  were  Epeaking  and  B*.Tiroely 
one  listened.  The  enormous  chargea  for  lug- 
gage on  the  railwaj-B  had  raised  the  ire  of  one 
traveller;  a  »eeond  groaned  over  the  pay- 
ment of  so  mnch  a  T»ftck.^.ge  fur  insurance  of 
his  |)ortJuanteaQ  on  uoard  the  Bteumer  from 
Cologne  to  Boiui,  from  Bonn  to  *\)blenl2,  and  eo 
oti  at  every  stage,  til  I  the  coata  for  bjig^age  were 
almost  greater  than  the  fare  of  its  owneir. 
A  third  vented  hia  wrath  U}x*n  the  aistcm  of 
charging  every  innocent  Eiigbsli  tourist  mhn 
fare  at  the  office  of  the  Khine  steamer,  the 
st-iid  iifthn  Iveing  a  mere  means  of  getting  an 
extortionate  price  which  no  German  paid,  be- 
cause everybcKly  who  paid  Beeond-clnaa  had 
precisely  the  Mune  cabin,  the  ideoti<7j  accom- 
modation and  attendance,  bestowed  on  the 
victim  of  gaUn  prices.  Another  growled  out 
that  the  de^reat  wines  came  from  the  same 
bin  with  those  of  moderate  price ;  another. 
ihat  an  Englishman  waa  charge<l  oT>«-tliirfl 
more  for  everything  than  a  Frenchinan,  and 
tw jce  riA  much  as  a  German ;  but  the  ;;rievance 

of  grievance*  came  from  a  middic^a-    ' My 

Bquire,  who  was  travellinij  witli  I  d 

»   party   of  relationjsi.    Tliey  wtt      .id 

the  lA<lie8,  Ixdng  unwilling  to  endure  great 
exertion,  had  made  short  sta;^e^  and  thus 
'  consnineti  three  weeks  on  tbc  way  from 
Ostetid  to  Scliaufl  hausen.  '*  Three  bctis  appear 
in  evei7  bill,  of  courae,'*  growleil  the  el'lerlj 
i^eiitleninn  ;  "and  in  every  Vjill  one  b<^rl^  I 
Hnd,  irivt>lve»  two  wax  Ught«,  1  h:n  d 

up,  Sir,"  continued   the  matters'  ;f 

most  emphatically;    "I  hnv  t 

caloulatiun,  Sir  ;  and  I  tind  J  i  e, 

between     Col*3tfnc    and     Scli .....,-...., 

eighteen  days,  It  luis  taken  joat  od«  Imn 


and  eight  wax  candles,  price  one  bundred  aiid 
eight  mtnca,  to  light  im  to  bed  !  " 

Here  was  atiolher  filif,'ht  glimpse  of  the 
presence  of  mofJim  rohberH  on  the  Rhiue. 
Bui  the  gTPJit  Tn^iJ  of  the  plundering  tnule 
ai"*  not  to  hi?  found  hidden  in  the  guise  of 
makre  d'/dtel^  money-clmnger,  or  8team-lK)at 
condiwtmr;  they  wear  another  coBtume,  aud 
assnine  u  lotlier  denoimiuttiun. 

In  literature,  id  science,  in  art,  we  find 
Germany  quite  on  a  level  with  the  present  ace. 
She  has  pr<xluced  men  and  books  equal  to  ine 
men  and  books  of  England  or  France,  aa  the 
named  of  Goethe,  Schiller,  Humboldt,  Liebeg, 
and  a  score  of  othera  bear  testimony.  But 
whilst  in  poetry,  philosophy,  and  science,  she 
is  on  a  par  with  the  l>eat  portions  of  mo<k»rii 
Europe ;  in  inolitics — in  the  practical  science  of 
government— she  ia  an  ind!efinite  number  of 
centuriea  behindhand.  Govemraentally,  aho 
ifi  now  where  the  English  were  durinc  the 
Saxon  Heptarchy,  with  seven  or  more  King- 
doma  in  a  space  that  might  be  well  governed 
by  one  sceptre.  Where  she  might  get  along 
veiy  well  with  two,  she  has  a  doxen  petty 
kings,  and  petty  courts,  and  petty  national 
debtK  and  petty  pension-lista,  and  paltry  de- 
bases! and  con  fitting  coinages,  and  petty  cab&lB, 
quarrels,  and  intermixture  of  contenrling 
interests.  England,  long  ago,  wiuj  relieved  of 
separate  Kings  of  Wes»ex  and  Kings  of 
SVlerctn,  Kinga  of  Scotland  and  Kings  of 
Wales  ;  France  ban  no  more  turbulent  Dukes 
of  Burgundy  or  Alsace  claiming  sovereign 
power  over  portionjs  of  a  line  country,  na- 
turally one  and  indivisible ;  but  poor  G«r» 
many  yet  sufTera  from  such  troublesome 
divisions  of  dominion.  Imagine  a  King  of  I^an- 
cashire,  with  two  free  cities  of  Manchester  and 
LiveqKJol  in  its  confines  ;  a  King  of  Yorkshire 
and  a  Grand  Duke  of  the  Midland  Coumtiea  ; 
an  Emperor  of  Middlesex  ;  a  Sovereign  Elec- 
tor of  Kent  and  Sussex  ;  with  i^iguing 
Dukes  of  Hampshire  and  Gloucesterahire 
and  Wiltshire  ;  a  King  of  Scotland,  and  then  a 
King  of  Wales,  who  claimed  besides  all  the 
little  odds  and  ends  of  territory,  got — some  by 
aiarriage,  and  some  by  conquest— in  various 
disjointed  parts  of  the  countr>'.  Imagine  some 
of  these  petty  divisions  fiouianist,  and  Home 
Protestant,  and  some  of  mixed  faiths  ;  different 
coinages,  opposed  intert»sts,  each  backed  bv 
slanimig  armies,  in  which  every  man,  high 
and  low,  was  for  some  years  conqiclled  to 
aerve.  Imagine  all  this  to  exist  in  our 
country,  arid  we  have  some  idea  of  the 
govenmientid  condition  of  Germany  in  1850. 

Out  of  tliis  division  of  territory  ai'ises,  of 
course,  a  number  of  small  poor  princes ;  and 
as  p«X)r  princes  do  not  like  to  work  hard 
when  their  pockets  are  low,  we  find  them  busy 
with  the  scljenies,  shifts,  and  contrivances, 
common  from  time  immemorial  with  penni- 
less people  who  have  hirge  ftpi>etite3  for 
pleasure,  small  stomachs  for  honest  work- 
real,  living,  reigning  Dukes  though  they  be, 
they  bave  added  to  the  royal  ^*  bujsinesses  "  to 


which  they  were  bom,  little  pri 

tions  for  the  encouragement  oi 

and  roulette.  These  small  princes  u.w 

turned  gambling-house  kee|H*r8 — helj 

in  the  ^^dgarbut  exprefisive slang  of  u  -. 

police    court — proprietors  of  edtabl' 

where  the  ^-icious  and  the  imwar}%  the 

hawk  fuid  the  silly  pigeon,  congregate*  tho  OMI 

to  plunder  and  the  other  to  l>e  pluck rd, 

which  has  been  expelled  from  1 

as  too  great  an  adcUtion  to  its  ^ 

3uite  expelled,  is  carried  on  with  iilm:  iorrcl 
oors,  unequal  at  times  to  protect  itu  followwi 
from  the  iwlice  and  the  infamy  ■  ^'  •" — 

that  whicn  has  been  outlawrnl  fi  m 

Koyal  and  Paris,  as  too  Ixnl  evtu  .  .-   ^..-  I41 
morality   of  a    meet    free-b\'ing    dly— tiatj 
huge  vice  which  caters  to  the  Tow  »«aiMs«f1 
cunning  and  greediness,  and  tempts  men  tA 
lose  fortune,  position,  charooter,  even   hop, 
in  the  frantic  excitements   of,   pcibajift,   Mn?' 
desperate  night — such  a  vice  is  houi*cd  in  hv. 
buildincs  rwaed  near  mineral    springs,  »ur- 
rounded  by  beautiful  cardens,  cnliven^-^l  hy 
music  and  sanctioned  ny  the  ojien  patroaafv 
of  petty  Germui  princes  holding  sway  in  t£| 
vauey  watered   by  the  Khine.     In  *'*  "^^    "* 
scrupulous  speculators  are  found  it> 
German  gaming-tables  at  Gej-rurm 
iug  the  sovereign  of  the  countrv 
sands  of  pounds  a  year  for  th' 
fleecing  the  public. 

Tlie  weakened  in  body  are  naturally  we^- 
ened  in  raentjil  power.  The  we^k  in  bo^f 
are  promised  health  by  "  taking  the  watew* 
at  a  Genuan  bath.  Tlie  cjirly  hours,  tlie 
pleasant  walks,  the  goo<l  music,  the  pri>mi»«l 
economy,  are  inducements.  The  w< 
mind  w^ants  more  occupation  th:tn 
for  these  places  are  very  monotonous, 
gaming-table  is  placed  by  the  bovk 
the  country  in  a  noble  room — the  fitt 
to  aflbrd  excitement  to  the  visitor,  and 
— ^the  profits  of  infamy — to  hini-self 

There  are  grades  m  these  great 
houses  for  Europe.      Taking    them 
order  in  which   they  ai'e  reached   from 
logne,  it  may  be  said  that  Wie*«b,tiien 
finest   town,  having  very  pleasant  en"^ 
luid   th©   least   play.     The    Grand   Duke 
Nassau,  therefore,  has  probably  the  amoUeit , 
share  of  the  gaming-table  booty.  j 

Homburg,  which  comes  next  in  order,  \jk 
fai'  more  out  of  reach,  is  smaller,  duller-— (it 
is  indeed  very,  very  dreary) — and  has  to  kedp 
its  gaming-tables  goin^  all  the  year  rotmd,  to 
make  «p  the  money  paid  by  the  lessees  of  tJie 
gambling-house  to  the  Duke.  The  nuige  «f 
the  Taunua  is  at  the  back  of  the  "  town  {a 
village  about  as  la^e,  imposing,  and  lively  sa 
Hounslow),  and  a^rds  its  chief  attraction. 
The  rides  are  agreeable  if  the  visitor  baa  a 

ffood  horse — (a  aiflBcult  thin^  to  get  in  that 
ocality) — and  is  fond  of  trotting  up  steep  tdll^ 
and  then  ambling  down  again.     In  beauty  of 

niition^  and  other  attractions,  it  is  xatj  far 
ow  both  Wiesbaden  and  Bnden. 


It 


m 


/ 


M. 


CbulM  Dkclw9i*T 


THE  MODERN  ROBBERS  OF  TOE  RHINK 


n 


£sulen-Bftd«^n   is  the  thiml,  and  certainly 

lost  bertutifn]   of  these  German   gambling- 

>wns.     Tlit*  town  nestl»i9,  aa  it  were,  iu   a 

nait'ltr^rxT  vrdlrv.  Opening  amongst  the  liiJls  of 

st.    In  summer  its  asspect  is 

it'  And  pleaMOit ;  but  it  looks 

«u>  U  lu  WAuter  it  must  be  very  damp  and 

liable  to  the  atmosphere  which  provokea  the 

Sowth  of  ffoUre.  At  Baden  there  is  said  to 
more  play  than  at  the  other  two  phioes 
mt  togetuer.  From  May  till  the  end  of 
epteraber,  roulttU  and  rou^je  et  noi'r— the 
lutter  of  the  man  who  deala  the  canJs,  and 
he  nUtle  of  the  marble — &re  never  still.  The 
jrofits  of  the  table  at  this  place  are  very  large, 
le  man  who  had  them  some  years  ago  re- 
Ircd  with  an  immense  fortune ;  and  one  of  hi& 
succeflBors  come  iixan  tlie  Palais  Hoyal  when 
public  pcadog  was  forbidden  in  Paris,  and 
;wfta  little  leas  successful  than  hia  predecessor, 
'he  permanent  rodents  at  fiaden  could 
Due  form  any  idea  of  the  sums  netted,  and 
iJy  such  of  those  as  were  living  near  the 
inkers.  They  could  scarcely  av^^.l  -xHTrr 
the  bags  of  Eilver,  five  franc  piei 
thrvt   pjiKKod  between  the  garniug-T  i 

!     1  Luk.    A  protit  of  one  thousand  pounds  a 
i      night  wss  thought  a  sign  of  a  baa  season  ; 
ij«l  jsm  it  must  have  Ijeen,  when  it  is  ctxlcolated 
thegiunliiing-table  keep-r  paid  the  Duke 
r  four  thouiiand  T>oumls  a  vear  as  the 
ahare  of   the  ptunder,  and  agreed  to 
two  th<3U8and  a  year  in  decorating  the 
Baden.     The  play  goes  on  in  a  noble 
'  tk,  .  '     ''raations House,  deo^rated 
ed  Up  nio^t  handsomely. 
tl I    _  ilia  tliie   ornamental 

"With  v:  1  and  fine  avenues  of 

ami  .1  been  paid  for  by  the 

Its  of  ronktu  aiiii  ruugt  et   noir.     Seeing 
it  may  eaude  siirjjrLse  that  people  play  at 
all ;  vet  the  fascination  is  so  great  that,  once 
withm   its    influence,   good    resolutions    and 
■  '  em  alike  unequal  to  resistance. 

(•Diough,  and  some  appear  to 
self-love   suggpists,  "  Oh,  my 
carrj^  me  tlirough  !  "     The 
;  jed  that  some  win  and  some 
Hi     table  having,  it  is  said, 
Ki  i.;eof  cliance  in  its  favour. 
Thv3i>tj  cliaiict-s  ifcTt  avowedly  greater  at  rttulttti 
thiui  ttt  rott^i  it  n^ir,  >)ut  at  both  it  is  prac- 
wn  that  tli      '  III  the  long  run, 

s.     Jt  is  I  that,  contrary 

'^    V  rji:ivnu,  <  uivitmg  flfoe*  thrive 
;  and  those  who  have  watched 
K    w.v  .  i>..f.4.  ».uikerwon 
■Ian.    He 
.  uiKjn  the 

tiiblti,  and  tii'^n   backed  the  uiher  side.     He 
Alwa^'s  won. 

Oo  into  one  of  the  rooms  r  liese 

whom  do  you  see  ?  our- 

5 HMUi cities — prut' --        i  .     iblers, 
'all  sorts  of  ;r  i      -  ;  p  n.-julesa 
;  and 

ex- 


citements ;  a  multitude  of  silly  gulls,  attracte<l 
by  the  watere,  or  the  music,  or  the  taacination 
of  play  ;  and  a  sprinkling  of  passing  toui'ists, 
who  come — ^"just  look  in  on  their  way," 
genei-ally  to  be  disappoiiited^ — often  to  be 
fleeced-  Young  and  haudsome  women  are  not 
very  often  seen  nlaying.  Gaming  is  a  vice 
reserved  for  miatUe  age.  Whilst  hearts  are 
to  be  won,  dollanj  are  not  worth  playing  for. 
Cards  and  rouge,  and  dyspepsy  seem  to  be 
nearly  allied,  if  we  may  judge  by  the  specimens 
of  humanity  seen  at  the  baths  of  Wiesbaden. 
Homburj^',  and  Baden.  The  playei'S — and 
player  and  lo^er  are  almost  eynonymous  teiTna 
— are  geneniliy  thin  and  imxious ;  the  bankers, 
fiit  and  stolid.  As  the  brass  whirls  round, 
the  table-keeper  has  the  look  of  a  quiet 
bloated  spider,  seemingly  passionlesss,  but  with 
an  eye  that  glances  over  every  chance  on  the 
board.  At  his  Hide  nee  an  elderly  man,  pale 
antl  thin,  the  muscles  of  whose  lower  jaw  are 
twitching  spusraodicaliy,  yet  with  jaded, 
forced  resignation,  he  loses  his  Ijist  five 
pounds.  Nest  him  is  a  woman  highly 
dressed,  with  fidae  baLt"  antl  teeth,  and  a 
;^reau  deal  of  paint.  She  Inis  a  ciud  in  her 
hand,  on  which  she  pricks  the  numbera 
plajed,  and  thua  flatters  heraelf  she  learns 
the  best  cbaikces  to  take.  N^ext  to  her  see  one 
of  the  most  painful  sights  these  places  display, 
A  father,  mother,  and  young  girl  aie  all  trying 
theii"  fortune ;  the  parents  giving  money  to 
the  child  that  they  "may  have  lier  good  luck,** 
reckless  of  the  fatal  txste  they  are  implanting 
in  her  mind.  Next  is  a  Jew,  looking  idl  sorts 
of  agonies,  and  one  may  fancy  he  knows  he  is 
losing  in  an  hour,  what  it  has  cost  him  yt^rs 
of  cunning  and  self-<ienial  to  amass.  And  so 
on,  round  the  table,  we  liud  ill-dressed  and 
well-dressed  Genua  iia,  French,  Russians, 
Engliah,  Yankees,  IriBh,  mixed  up  together 
in  one  eager  crowd ;  thirsting  to  gam  gold 
without  i^ivuig  value  in  return  ;  riak^ing  what 
they  have  in  an  insane  contest  which  they 
know  haa  destroyed  thousands  befoi-e  them  ; 
losing  their  money,  and  winning  disgust, 
despondency,  and  often  despair  and  j)rema- 
ture  death.  Never  a  year  is  said  to  go  by 
without  its  complement  of  ruined  fools  ana 
hasty  Biucides.  The  neighbi>aring  wchhIs 
aObrd  a  convenient  shelter  ;  and  a  trigger, 
or  a  handkerchief  and  a  bough,  complete  the 
tragedy. 

Let  us  sav  no  more  of  our  civiUsation  haTiog 
banished  Schinderhannes,  and  his  predecessors, 
the  half-aoldiei-s,  halt-thievea,  who  built  the 
stone  towers  now  crunibliug  up  above  the  vine- 
^ds  of  the  noble  German  river.  Their  l(o<.ty 
in  a  year  could  not  have  equalled  the  plunder 
of  a  simple  month  at  Wiesbaden,  Homourg,  or 
Baden-Baden,  Tlie  real  fi*eeboot«rs  of  the 
place  aie  still  extant,  and  cai*ry  on  their 
trade  under  the  banner  of  ehieftJuns  who 
ahare  the  spoil— the  reigning  Dukes  of 
Nuasau,  Homburg,  and  Baden  —  who  are 
the  veritable  grand  modem, 
Rhine. 


u 


HOrSEHOLB  WORDS. 


I 


I 


CHIPS. 

AS  ANtCUOTE  OF  THK  TKI3II  roOR  LKW, 

\Vr  .  .V  nitroducc  the  folI<^^nig  (%\p  by 
rn  .at,   .ifc   the    intrixlnctioii   of  tlie 

l*<  ao  Ij-eland^  the  workhou?fr»  were 

buiJt  by  Nieaiia  of  loftns,  advanced  by  the 
Government,  on  the  aectirlty  of  the  rat*«. 
Const  rU'.-tvi]  geneT;illy  in  that  «tyle  of  ai'chi- 
tecture  /»fl1Va  '*  KbzMM'thn.n,**  thpy  were  the 
iu<  *  iion  ant! 

fri  retohed 

SUbu  I  'ir,  ui    lo^T,  IIS  ;uii  I    v  uM^f.'*,  HJI  UIi_"*l   IlDlOngst 

the  crunjblinjL^  him  I  moas-^preen  cott'i;;;ea,  a 
lileitsiDg  ccmtiftrit  In  the  eye  of  Ujc  tijuri&t. 
Tliey  were  cjtlctilalt^d  to  acconimodate  from 
five*  hundred  to  two  thousand  inmatea,  ao- 
conling  to  the  iirea  and  population  of  the 
ivancxL-d  di«ti*icl,  hut  some  of  them  remained 
for  years  altog^-tlicr  closed,  or,  if  open,  nearly 
unoocu]Mod^  owing  to  the  incemonfl  ahiftft 
of  the  "  Gnw-dians,"  ouder  tno  advice  of 
the  "Solicitor  of  the  Board."  Their  object 
wj»a  to  ceonomiflo  the  reaourcea  of  the  Union, 
to  ke«|)  the  rates  down,  and  in  some  instances 
they  eva*Jed  the  making'  of  any  rate  for  years, 
nfter  the  ffUpi»ort  of  the  destitute  waa  mode 
nominally  imperative  by  the  law  of  the  land. 

As  there  was  a  goodl  deal  of  patronage  in  a 
sqnnll  wr^y  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the 
"  <  '  gr^J^t  anxiety  w&b  mnni tested  by 

thv  lo  the  office.  Most  Justices  of  the 

Peace  were  indeed,  ipso/acio^GnsnyM&nB,  but  a 
Donniderahle  number  had  to  l>e  elected  by  the 
rat  Jind  an  aeti\'e  canvass  jr       V  ' 

er.  1.     A  ^eat  deal  of  hclh 

eon.i>i..ni;,  if  not  gaiety,  waa  the  re&Uii,  ►.4... 
more  apparently  imjiortant  aifairB  were  neg- 
lected by  many  a  fanuer,  ahojjk«o|>cr,  and  pro- 
fesaional  man,  to  eunture  it  in  beimf  elect«fl  a 
"  Gnai-dian,"  while  the  unsucceafiftiltook  pains 
to  prove  their  indifference,  or  to  vent  their  ill- 
himionr  in  vjuiona  wh^-b,  sometimes  causing 
1ms  iunocuotLB  c'fiecta  than  the  followixi|r 
iJiUy:— 

At  a  certain  Coui*t  of  Quarter  Sessions, 
during  the  d<>g-day  heat  of  one  of  these  con- 
tefita,  ft  buily  fellow  was  arraigned  betore 
"  their  worships"  and  the  jur)%  charged  with 
some  pL'tly  theft;  and  as  he  perceived  that 
the  proofs  were  incontestably  clear  against 
hira,  lie  fell  into  a  very  violent  trepiMtion. 
An  attonicy  of  the  court,  not  overbuniene<l 
with  buHinesB,  and  fond  of  occupying  his  idle 
time  in  playing  otf  practical  jokes,  perceiving 
how  the  case  stood,  ajtldreaaed  the  prisoner  in 
a  whisper  over  the  side  of  the  dock  with  a 
very  ominous  and  commiaerating  shake  of  his 
head. 

"Ah,  you  unfortunate  man,  ye  *11  be  found 
guilty  ;  ajid  ais  sure  as  ye  are,  yc*Il  get  woi^kj 
than  hangin'  or  thranBportation.  Aa  Burc  aa 
ever  the  Ixarristher  takes  a  ninch  of  snntl", 
that  'js  hla  intention  j  ye  'U  aee  nini  put  on  the 
black  cap  iniraaydiately.  Plaid  guilty  at  once,  [ 
np.l  1 11  tei^  ve'what  ye*U  say  to  him  afther.'' 


Thp 
poor  I 

and  aiifi  a  ^il«Jtl  .tim 
tween    thejn,  which 

bUhtle  "t'    ll"     <  '.^iir-l-n, 

fiions,  i 
oaper  v 
lord,  I  ]daici  jfuiity, — i  bqj  yisr  «ortchi|:i'«  An*! 

their  honours'  pardon  !'* 

u  Veiy  well,  said  the 
whose  duty  it  was  to  advi 
each  case,  and  preside  at  tl 
costume  ;  "  very  well,  Sir.    ' 

Seveml    voices    imnn'li       > 
geticaJly  for  silence,   ijn)  r,    .    , 
with  grave  ideas  at  oncui  uf  tus  v,  l..  ...j,  _  ^ 
importance,  and  the  serious  nature  of 
coming  senti-nce. 

"Withdraw  the  plea  • 
take  one  of  guilty  to  llu- 
the  assistant-Larrtster,  tiik  uiT 

and  turning   round  to  «•■  her 

ma^istnitea  .ns  to  the  term  oi  n  tr- 

ee i-ation, 

**  Don't  lose  yer  tiir:  >clii! 

the  attiamey,  with   :  at  thi 

prisoner. 

"Will    I  be  allowed  to  srnaki?  one  trof^t 
yer  wortchii^  r*  said  the  unf^iluittc  ail|«it. 

«  What  has  he  t<»  say  V  'XwiiilttU 

barrister  with  cousidcrabl* 

**  Go  <»n,  ye  fool  ye  !  "^'  -  et. 

"  My  lorcl,  ver  wortchiji  ■  #v 

tlu!  iury,*'  ex(^aime<l  the  cu 
o*  the  counthry,  or  into  jail 
r  walkin'  on  the  threadraiii,  <» 
1    the   cooi^Bc  0*   natun?,   us   y 
jiUyseM  ;  but  for  the  love  o'  tht*   »  u  ^iu 
d<^ni  make  me  a  *  Poor  Law  Oatytn,^ 

THE  TItKASUBES  OP  TUT    nKTlP, 

Soke  of  these  treasures  were  fi^li^^  np,  and 
brought  to  our  rcailers'  knowlidi^o  in  our 
article  on  Billingsgate  in  onr  U^n*M  nu^ 
ber.  We  received  an  a<lditj 
tion  of  the  subject  from  a  con  t 

*'^  T*      '     '   Ik  of  the  "ti'easure 
^\  I  ly  a  very  confused  ; 

ovi  u  ..I,  .i.^aig,  if,  indeed,  ttif-  V 
ing  at  all     Ptx)l»ably  the  me 

herent  ideas  of  rich  mercL ,  :hflt 

gone  down  with  their  costly  ciirf^^oea, 
with  coral  reef:j  and  pearl  fwheni*«,  as  fv 
no  inconsiderable  portion  of  ihotm 
But  how  often  do  they 'think  of  the.  com 
riches  which  the  sea  pro<lucfs  in  the  ]i{ 
things  that  dwell  in  it  ?    Tak»s  frir  iHur* 
the  whale  alone.     For  ten    '.  r 

this  was  becalmed  in  the  la '  > rt» 

or  Wtstem  lalea.     Ourin^!  m  (liai 

period  huge  whales  were  Milow* 

ing'     i"    f'V.  IV  .llf.'<-*ir.>ii     rr  t,         \i 

many  ;  .  b« 

seen  i"  ?  of 

the  isea,  and   puthng   up    i  uf 

Bprav  into  the  air.    At  a  nn  on, 

two  hundred  and  fifty  wlmlus  wer^  &«eii  iiram 


I  D-  Ae^K) 


THE  M0K8TEB  PROMENADE  CONCERTS. 


n 


*  OB©  ten  days.    At  an  equalJy 
l:ition^  cacll  whjilc  was  worth 
luiiOrea  pounds.    Their  grow  value  was, 
Be  nuDdred  thousand  poumla ! '" 


THE   MOKSTER   PEOl^rENABE 

CONCERTS. 

"ChabMiko  place  this/'  said  a  mad  Wiy  U- 
U«  l<K>king   out  K}£  a  wndow   of  tb^ 
liunatic  Aeyluni    in    NMitli   Bi'itain ; 
,l»liK?d^  eo  qui«?t,  so  genteel,  bo  remote 
itlie  busy  burn  of  men  aiid  wytnea-    The 
you   percjeWo   is    lovely — quite    sylv&n 
■e  were  two  tr«cs  in  the  remote  disUutce) 
„    „  .  ,.^.p  jgr.ujTid,'  **  ^^-'^  P'-^t  saj's,  aud 
Sir,  i(v  c£»  fio^  o^i^ut  street  ^ndt 

mquijy,  w«  wea^e  told  that  tl>i«  patient 
WJUi  a  IjoiMion  literary  lady.  Her  mama,  like 
Mofoiw  in  Ben  Jon»rni'a  Epicure,  was  against 
ta^'  ^ho  wiiAtaiitly  pj-aved  for  deafueas. 
sL  iihoea^  and  spoke  in  a  whisper 
to  othera.  The  iminediate 
t  tur  confinement  had  not  been  aacer- 
1>ut  wo  have  no  doubt  that  she  had 
;,  -.,.  .  K^jt  niftd  by  the  street  diswird  of 
\)  We  JlrmJy  belit:ve  hev  case 

. ^„„i.    Judging  from  our  own  eX' 

of  the  extremeat  brink  of  ins.iuity, 

we  have  been  occasioofdJy  driven  by 

id  Pandean  peraecutiona  to  which 

been  sutijected,  we  ghouki  say  that 

of  the  madness  exlstii^  and  wrought  in 

County  of  Middlesex  originaiea  in  street 

0<mQolly  canoot  bear  ub  out  in 

Lo  .  flhall  oe  rather  aatoiiiBhecL 

itk  ui  ui  Liioughtful  habit,  and  ef  a  timid^, 
nerrvoua  tempei-aineut,  has  only  to   take 
Hii.ir  iini  nts    iu    what    lodgii^/ 1'' n--"  ^"•epers 
call    in    their    ach  ^>  *'  a 

-libourhood/' to  be  t'  nv  of 

hiw  next  move  in  a  strait  wai 
ftsyhtm  for  the  inaane.  In  retired  ,si. 
•mnit  Hy  or '' rows,"  where  the  mot  e 

ptes^  of  carty  coachj  aud  cab  wheels 

loen  nut  itijuund,  the  void  is  i]i*<.'or«lautly 
up  by  peripatJL'tic  conoeits,  wiiiok  laat 
"' —     '  (Virctjd,  each  rnoniing, 

h  p^m  ^oanod  out 
^..  ,  at  breakmst  you  ars 
I  -liea  of  a  wiietchea  w^Uts 

f'  >>  a  baas  ti!iomboii«  [  azid 

momiji^    is  ruined  for  study  by  the 
lin«^^  of  n  Tvftrrfl  y^i  ft  no  forte  ;   nt  luncheon 
n  itself  to  your 
F  of  a  bin^-drura ; 
lc>o  ;,   aud 

Icrii  com- 

-i'lu  lo  \alk : 


j*eradvi 


arc 


your 
y  the 
1  you 
'  you 
kjlet 


Vet  tliis  is  a  land  of  liberty^  and  every 
man^ci  house  ia  hia  castle ! 

A  man  may  have  every  comfort  this  world 
can  afford — ^the  prettiest  houf^e,  the  sweetest 
wife,  the  most  ujiexoqjtionable  cook,  lorely 
cbiluren,  aud  a  good  library— but  what  are 
ili<  s(>  when  the  enjo^Tnent  they  afford  is 
1  by  an  endlvds  chnrlvan  ;  wheu  do- 
itppineas  is  matle  misery  by  street  dis- 
(^uiU  i  whfim.  Mi  Engliali  gentleman  is  denied 
what  i»  insured  to  cveiy  PentonviJle  T«ri»ouer 
— peace ;  when  a  wise  legislation  naa  pa- 
tente<i  the  silent  ayptem  for  convicts  only,  and 
supplies  no  fre^-bom  Briton  with  a  defence 
from  hideous  invasions  of  his  inmost  privacy : 
a  legislature  which,  here,  in  London,  in  the 
year  of  grace  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty, 
where  civilisation  is  said  to  have  made  some 
advances — permits  btg-pifi^ ! 

This  is  a  subject  upon  wiich  It  is  Imposaible, 
without  the  most  superhuman  seif-coutrol,  to 
wi'ite  with  calmness, 

Justiee  is  euppc^ed  in  this  country  to  be 
meted  out  with  an  even  hand.  A  humane 
maxim  says,  **  Better  let  ten  guilty  men  escape, 
than  one  innocent  man  suffer."  Yet  what  have 
the  public,  especially  of  '*  quiet  neighbour- 
hoods," done ;  what  crimt*  have  we  committed ; 
what  i*etributioii  have  we  invoked ;  that  we 
are  to  be  visited  v^ith  the  indiecriminating 
punishment,  the  excruciating  agony,  souealed 
and  screecked  into  our  ears  out  oi  that 
instrument  of  inefi^ble  torture,  the  Scotch 
bagpipe  3  If  our  neighbour  be  a  slan<Ierer, 
a  screw,  a  giver  of  bad  dinners,  or  any  other 
sort  of  criminal  for  whom  the  law  hiis  proAnde<l 
no  punishment,  and  a  b&ff-pipe  serenade  be 
your  mode  of  revenge  on  nim,  shut  him  up 
with  a  piper  or  pipers  in  the  pjuldod  room 
in  Bedlam,  or  take  him  out  to  the  £<M3rstone 
lighthouse ;  but  for  the  love  of  mercy,  do  not 
uKike  ua,  his  unoffending  neighbours,  par- 
rs of  his  probably  just,  out  certamly 
'ligUi  punishment ! 

We  have,  however,  a  better  opinion  oi 
human  nature  than  to  l>elieve  in  such  extreme 
vindictiveness.  We  rather  attribute  these 
public  jjerfbrmances  of  »onoi*oii8  savagery  to 
the  perverted  taste  of  a  few  uufortui ;' 
dividuals,  who  pretend  to  relish  the  rli 
and  who  actually  pay  the  kilted  execuu  .---. 
of  harmony.  The  existence  of  such  wretched 
amateurs  might  be  doubted  if  we  did  uot 
remember  that  the  most  revolting  propen- 
sities are  to  be  fouud  among  mankind.  Tnere 
are  people  who  chew  tohsACO  \  a  oertain  tribe 
of  Polynesian  .'iboiigine«  deem  asaiibe^da  the 
most  delicious  of  perfumee ;  aud  Sonthey,  in 
his  Travels  iu  Suain^^  states  that  the  Galiciau 
carters  positively  refused  to  grenae  theu' 
wheels  because  of  the  delight  the  creaking 
gave  them.  Yet  although  the  grating  oi 
wo<Klen  axles,  or  eveai  the  sliari>emng  of  wkwe^ 
is  DJUHic  to  the  pibroch,  it  u\u-,vt>.r>.  fmifi  a 
variety  of  evidence  tlui I  bad  i  ty 


uaq 


,  even  ia  tbo 


mm*  I. 


wl 


L  - 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


I 

i 

iJ 


We  acarcely  believed  our  eyes  when  we  read, 
Bome  d9,ys  aincGjthe  following  police  report : — 

" Maolboiiopghstrebt.  —  Two  boys,  named 
Campbell,  dressed  na  Highland  pipera»  and  i>Acli 
provided  \Tith  a  pair  of  bagpipe^  were  charged 
with  bAving  refused  to  quit  Suffolkstreet,  where 
tlioy  were  playiog,  wheo  requeated  to  do  so. 

*'A  clerk  to  Mr.  Oamttt,  an  inhabitant,  aaid, 
about  1 1  o'clock  the  boya  pat  their  pipes  at  work, 
and  kept  up  such  a  concert  of  groaning  and 
ecroeohiug  with  them,  tliat  hia  employer  gave  him 
diroction»  to  toll  them  to  remove.  Wituesa  did 
BOi  and  the  boys  refufing  to  oomply  with  the 
request,  a  oonstable  was  employed*  and  they  were 
brought  to  thia  court. 

'*  The  boys  said  they  were  the  sons  of  a  Scotch 
piper.  Tlieygpt  their  living  by  playing  on  the 
bag^pipce.  and  they  had  been  employed  by  a  Utdyi 
who  itltd  hagpipi  karvwrny,  to  play  before  the 
door  of  tho  hotel  in  Suflblk^Btrcet,  where  she  was 
Btaying. 

*'  Mb.  Hardwtck  told  the  boys  they  must  not 
odopt  Bxicb  a  mode  of  getting  their  own  living  xxa 
would  hinder  other  people  from  getting  tbeii-a. 
It  would  bo  impoeaible  for  profecBional  men  or 
tradoHmeii  to  carry  on  their  daily  aYocationfl  in  tho 
hearing  of  Buch  a  diu  of  di&cordaat  eounda  Aa 
would  bo  caused  by  a  couple  of  pairi  of  Scotch 
bngpipea.  To  tho  street  musical  abominations  of 
the  (tolian  boya  had  recently  been  added  that  of 
Scotch  bagpipers, — a  kind  of  couc«rt  euJhcieut  to 
di'ive  invalids  and  ordinary  people  craay.  The 
fitroot  musicians  must  be  told  that  the  law  obliged 
them  to  go  awny  whenever  they  wore  told  to  do 
so  by  any  housekeeper  in  etroots  where  thoy  were 
playiug.  For  tho  present  offence  he  would  inflict 
a  flue  of  one  Bhilling  only,  which  should  be  mode 
twenty  shillings  on  the  next  occaaiou.*' 

Ml*.  Hardwick  did  the  best  he  could.  If 
he  could  have  transported  the  patroness  of 
bagi>ipea  for  life  to  Staffii  or  to  the  lesser 
Cumbraea,  the  justice  of  the  case  would  have 
been  fully  met.  But,  aa  we  have  before  com- 
plained, tho  IttW,  as  applicable  to  nuisauco- 
noiaes,  la  exccediuuly  tlefective. 

I>o  we  wiah  to  bfiuisii  all  music  from  the 
busy  haunts  of  tueu  ?  By  no  meami.  Good 
music  ia  sometimes  emitted  from  our  pave- 
ments— the  kerb  sends  forth  here  juid  there, 
and  now  and  then,  sounds  not  unworthy  of 
the  l»est  appjiijted  orchestra.  WTiere  these 
3Uj:>erior  street  |)erforraer3  I'eceived  their  inii- 
Hicfd  education  it  i«  not  our  business  to  in- 
quire ;  but  their  arrangements  of  some  of  the 
most  popular  opera  music,  show  that  their 
training  hjifl  been  strictly  profcsaiund. 
Quintette,  Sertette,  and  Septette  Ivuids  of 
brass  and  strinc  are  occasionally  heard  in  the 
open  street,  whose  performances  show  tfiat 
the  pieces  have  been  regulai-ly  scoreil  and  ri- 
ji^dly  rehearsed.  "  Tune,  time,  and  distance  " 
are  excellently  kept;  the  pianos  and  fortes 
are  admirably  coloured — there  is  no  v.'imping 
of  b.'»s8es  ;  no  "fudt;iug'*  of  difficult  passages. 
We  lcK>k  tipon  sucL  pbiyers  as  luusical  mis- 
sionaries who  purvey  the  best  music  from 
the  opera  houses  and  from  the  saloons  of 
tiie  nobility  to  the  general  public,  to  the 
improvement  of  its  rausical  taste.    But  where  I 


even  these  choice  pai4  profeasionigt.- 
at  a  disnd%*antnge  is  in  their  discout 
excellent  music  at  precisely  the  tii» 
we  do  not  want  the  souuds  of  the  cj 
charm  he  never  so  wijstly.    The  habit 
the  "  ouiefc  neighbourhood,"  fond  as  h 
CoMia  hiva  or  the  lUwn  WnU^,  would 
not  be  indulged   with    them   jnst   as 
commencing  to    study  a   complicaU^l 
or  while  he  la  computiu|(  the  dvx\fl  of  a  i 
cult  surv^ey.     When  he  wants  music  he 
to  go  to  it*;  he  never  wants  it  to  come 

Upon  this   premise   we    propose,  i 
benefit  of   the  world  at   lai^,  a   "*^ 
street-music    reform  -,  fmd    any   oii 
member  of  Parliament  is  tmite  Wul 
the  draft  of  a  bill  on  the  subject;  with  whkfc  j 
we  now  conclude : — 

Tlie  bill  should  be  entitled, 

^*  An  Act  for  the  better  Ppcscrrfitirtn  oftTiF 
Public  Peace  by  the  better  ' 
oeilain  kinds  of  Street   . 
utter  Abolition  of   certain  otlur    k in iJ^  yl 
Street  Music," 

The  first  proviso  should  givi      ■:'      '    - 
cei^in   competent  muaiciniis, 
mudciiuiB,  to  play  at  certain  api-  .tu.._  .  ►..i 
at  certain  apjiointed   hours  of  the  day, 
under  certain  regulations. 

That    the  places    apnointnl 
mimmer,  the  Parks  aua  Pub! 
and  around   London ;  and  in 
covered  spaces,  to  be  set  ajiart 
by  the  proper  authorities. 

That   the   performers  shall  have  ne% 
remuneration  than  the  ctm  i  ' 
listeners,  which  will  be  nn^ 
the  pleaaui-e  they  give,  cou-'  piMiLn,.  i<_, 
proticiency. 

That  no  unauthorised   grinder  of 
music-millB,   or    hurdy-gn plies ;    no 
of  bagpipes,  PanVpipes,   horn^,  r*)iTK»i 
trombones,  tnimpeta,  clarionet- 
no   scraper   of   fiddles    or    vi«  i 
scratchera  of  harpe  or  guitars  ;  m 
drums,  dulcimers  or  tamborincf*. — l»e  alU 
to   disturb  the   public   thoroii'  1 
pain  of  various  penalties,  to    I 
agreed  and  aettlm  on ;  whereoi 
shall  be  imprisonment  and  hai'd  lal 
no  leas  a  period  than  ten  d '^^^  ^♦">"  ■ 
flutes,  hautboys,    or    Pan 
heaviest — only  applictible  t        ^ ;  ^ 
{©rtaUon  for  life  beyond  the  llordf  r. 

Tivat  li^ina  / 


THE   FIRST   VOLUME 
HOUSEHOLD    WORDS. 


FabUMAiny  Montklg,  Pru:*  24.,  St^jn/ytd,  M. 

THE    HOUSEHOLD    NARRATIVE 

or 
CUHRENT  EVENTS. 

Tki*  MmMf  Aipplememt  «/  flouMehuLi  Wordf, 


'ySUt«t«\Kn.\j 


Familiar  %n  their  Mout/a  a$  HOUSEHOLD  WORDS  "— si.a.c»6,,a««. 


HOUSEHOLD    WORDS 

A    WEEKLY    JOURNAL: 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


IP-  310 


SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  26.  1850. 


[Price  2rf. 


LIVELY  TURTLE 

I  HAVE  a  comfortable  property.  What  I 
spendf  1  spend  upon  myself;  and  what  I  don't 
spend  1  save.  Those  are  inv  principles.  I 
am  warmly  iittached  to  my  priiicipl^a,  and 
stick  fH>  them  on  &11  occtusious. 

I  niri  not,  AS  some  people  have  repreaented, 
mcaij  inaD.  I  never  denied  myaelf  anything 
».^t  i  thought  1  aliould  like  to  have.  I  may 
LVtf  siiid  to  myself  *•  Snoadt  " — ^that  is  my 
"you  will  get  those  peaches  cheaper 
you  wait  till  next  week  ; "  or,  I  may  have 
id  U)  myself,  "  Snoady^  you  vnli  get  that 
wine  for  nothing,  if  you  wait  till  you  are 
aaked  out  to  dine  ; "  but  I  never  dejiy  myself 
auytUhi^.  If  I  can't  get  what  I  want  with- 
out Iniymg  it,  and  pa3^ng  its  price  for  it,  I  do 
buy  it  and  pay  itij  price  for  it.  I  have  ail 
A]*]HJ  ved  upon  me  ;  and,  if  I  baulked 

it,  1  nsider  that  I  waa  flying  iu  the 

or  i  roviMonce. 
I  have  no  near  relation  but  a  brother.  If 
\e  want«  anything  of  me,  he  don't  get  it.  All 
men  arv  Ttiy  livothera  ;  and  1  see  no  reason 
why  1  Hhoitld  make  his,  an  exceptional  case* 
I  Jive  at  a  cathedral  town  where  there  is 
old  corporation.  I  am  not  in  the  Church, 
tut  it  rnay  be  that  I  hold  a  Itttle  place  of 
le  sort.  Never  mind.  It  may  be  protitable. 
^crhftpd  yr.s,  perhaps  no.  It  may,  or  it  may 
)t^  be  a  sinecure.  I  don't  choose  to  say. 
1  iiU^htened  my  brother  on  these  sub- 

I  f  consider  all   men   my  brothers. 

i.t  :,^io  in  a  man  ;ind  a  brother — should 
1  hoM  mviiclf  aL'covmtable  for  my  position 
iu  life,  Co  Aim  f     Certainly  not 

I  oft*u  nm  up  to  London,  I  like  London. 
Tho  way  I  look  at  it,  is  this.  London  is  not 
cheap  place,  but,  on  the  whole,  you  cjvn  get 
of  the  real  thing  for  your  monev  there 
■I  mejin  the  bt«it  thing,  what^fver  it  is — than 
fou  can  got  in  most  places.  Therefore,  I  say 
(k  thn  nii*n  who  has  ffot  the  money,  and  wants 
hL»  thing,  "  Go  to  London  for  it,  and  tremt 
rourwlf.'^ 

When  /  go,  I  do  it  in  this  manner.    I  go  to 
Urs.  Skim's  Private   Hotel  ;triil  r'.,.i.Mi.-.ri  d 
;ing  Honse^  near  Alders;. 
is  advertised    in    "Brad-; 
',*'  where  I  tirst  found  it),  and  there  J 
£m  btid  and  br>'akfwiU  wijit  ftliit.  two 


Now,  I  have  made  a  calculation,  and  I  am 
satisfied  that  Mrs.  Skira  cannot  possibly  make 
much  profit  out  of  me.  In  fact,  if  all  her 
jjiitrons  were  like  me,  my  opmion  is,  the 
woman  would  be  in  tho  Gazette  next  month- 
Why  do  I  go  to  Mrs.  Skim's  when  1  could 
go  to  the  Clarendon,  you  may  ask  ?  Let  ua 
argue  that  point.  If  I  went  to  the  Clarendon 
I  couhl  get  nothing  in  bed  but  sleep  ;  could 
I  ?  No.  Now,  sleep  at  the  Clarendon  is  an 
expensive  article  ;  whereajs  sleep,  at  Mrs. 
Skim's,  is  decidedly  cheap.  1  have  made  a 
calcidation,  and  I  don't  hesitate  to  say,  all 
thiuf^  considered,  that  it 's  cheap.  Is  it  an 
infenor  article,  as  eompiared  with  the  Cla- 
rendon sleep,  or  is  it  of  the  same  quality  ?  I 
am  a  heavy  sleeper,  and  it  is  of  the  same 
quality.  Then  why  should  I  go  to  the 
Clarendon  \ 

But  as  to  breakfast  ?  you  may  say. — ^Very 
welL  As  to  breakfiwt.  I  could  get  a  variety 
of  delicacies  for  breakfa-st  at  the  Clarendon, 
that  are  out  of  the  question  at  ]Vtrs.  Skim's. 
Granted,  But  I  don't  want  to  have  them  ! 
My  opinion  is,  that  we  ai-e  not  entirely 
aninial  and  sensaal.  Man  has  an  intellect 
bestowed  upon  liim.  If  lie  dogs  that  intellect 
by  too  good  a  breakfast,  how  can  he  properly 
exert  that  intellect  in  meditatioUj  during  the 
day,  upon  his  dinner  ?  That 's  thi?  point. 
We  are  not  to  enchiiin  the  soul.  We  are  to 
let  it  soar.     It  is  expected  of  us. 

At  Mrs.  Skim's,  1  get  enough  for  breakfast 
(there  is  no  limitation  to  the  bread  and 
butter,  though  there  is  to  the  meat)  and  not 
too  much.  I  ImvG  all  my  GvcuUies  about  me, 
to  concentrate  upon  the  object  I  have  men- 
tioned, and  I  can  say  to  myaelf  besides, 
"Snoady,  you  have  savwl  six,  eight,  t<;n, 
fifteen,  shillings,  alreatly  to-day.  If  there  is 
anything  you  fancy  for  your  dinner,  have  it. 
8no*uly,  you  have  earned  your  rew^ard,'* 

My  objection  to  London,  is,  that  it  is  the 
head-quarters  of  the  wonjt  radical  ^entimenta 
that  are  broached  in  England.  I  consider 
that  it  has  a  gpreat  many  dangerous  people  In 
it.  I  consider  the  present  publication  (if  it*« 
••'  Household  Words  ")  very  diuigerous,  and  I 
write  this  with  the  view  of  neutralising  some 
of  its  bad  etfects.  My  political  creed  is,  let 
us  be  comfortable.  We  are  all  very  com- 
fortable us  we  are — /  tyu  V6^  egmforUUkltt  m 
I  am — Irnvi?  us 


98 


HOUSEHOIiD  WORDS. 


All  mankind  ai*©  my  brothers,  and  T  doii\ 
think  it  Chriatian — if  you  come  to  that — to 
tell  my  brother  that  ho  is  iguoratit,  or  d*- 
grmleci,  or  dirty,  or  Anything  of  the  kind.  1 
think  it  'a  abusive,  and  low.  You  meet  roe 
with  the  obsei-vation  that  I  am  required  to 
love  my  brother.  1  reply,  "  I  do.'*  I  am 
aiire  I  am  always  willing  to  say  t^  my  brother, 
••  My  good  fellow,  I  love  you  vei-y  much  ;  go 
sdon}f  with  you  ;  keep  to  your  own  rond  ; 
l«av«.«  me  to  miDe ;  whatever  i«,  ia  right ; 
wh.'Utfver  ian%  is  wrong;    i'  '     a  dis- 

turhatice ! "    It  acenLB  to  me,  ( '  it  once 

the  whole  duty  of  man,  aiul  i-.-  "i.k  lemiter 
to  go  to  dinner  in. 

uoinx;  to  dinner  in  this  temper  in  tlie  City 

of  Loiidoii,  one  d&y  not  long  itfo,  nSter  h  bed  utt 

Hf«.  Skim*a,  with  meat-break&t  wnd  servaLUta 

iuchideil,  I  was  remmded  of  tlie  ohaei*vji.tion 

whidi,  if  my  rncmary  does  mat  d<?eei\-e  me,  wna 

!i^  by  somebody  on  some  occ«nion, 

^   Irara  wifldoni  from  the  lower 

It  i»  »  beauitiful  fact,,  in  my  ojtinion, 

>  t  wisdom  ia  to  be  learut  from  that 

jjMiin    iniinal  the  Turtle, 

I  hnA  made  up  my  mind,  in  the  course  of 
the  day  1  ppeuk  of^  t^^  have  a  Turtle  dinner. 
I  mean  a  dmuier  mainly  composed  of  Turtle. 
Just  a  comfortable  ture^*n  of  .soup,  with  a  jiint 
of  punch  ;  and  nothin*;  solid  to  follow^  but  a 
tender  juicy  steak.  I  like  a  tender  juicy 
«teak,  I  generally  say  to  myself  when  I 
order  one,  *'  Snoady,  yuu  have  done  ngkt." 

Wlieo  I  nuike  up  my  miii<l  to  have  a 
fldioacy,  •xpenw  is  im  ooDBidcratiiin.  The 
question  resolves  itself  then,  into  »  quHtioo 
of  the  very  best  I  went  to  n  friend  at  auie 
who  u  ft  Mimibtr  of  th«  Common  CouaeU, 
Mul  with  that  friend  1  held  the  following 
co«veraatioii. 

Sidii  I  to  him,  "Mr.  Gvo|;gi»»  lira  b«Bt 
Turtle  ia  where  ? " 

Says  lie,  "if  yon  waatu  \mmxi  ft»r  lunch, 
my  opinion  ia,  you  can't  do  lietter  than  drvp 
into  isirdh'a," 

Said  I,  "  Mr.  Grogg^  I  thought  you  liad 
known  me  better,  thaa  to  suppose  me  capable 
oi  a  bamn.     My  intention  u  to  din&     A 

5ay6  Mr.  Groaglefty  inihiMit  a  moment  s 
coiuuclerataon,  and  in  a  detfsrmined  voice. 
"  Bight  opposite  the  India  Hooae,  Leadeuhall 
StreoU" 

We  parted.     My  mind   wac   luai  inactive 

durinif  the  day,  and  at  mx  in  the  afternoon  I 

to    the    hi>u«e    of    Mr.  Grogg^'s 

idatioo.     At  the  end  of  the  paange, 

itNN^wiiL;  it'om  the  atreet  into  the  ooffee-room^  I 

«bi«rved  a  vart  and  solid  dieit,  in  which  I 

thHfi  Knu^TMiMd  that  a  Turtle  of  muisual  aize 

deooaiied.     But,  the  correspondence 

I  tta  DuUc  and  that  of  the  charge  made 

for  my  tliuner,  aftei-wards  snlistit'd  me  tluU, 

It  muaL  be  the  till  of  the  e.sUbliahnient. 

I  8tat«<l  io  the  waiter  wliat  hsul  brought  me 
there,  and  I  mentioned  Mr.  Groggles's  name. 
He  feelingly  repeated  afU^r  we,**A  tureen  of 


Turtle,  and    a    tender  juicy 
manner,  added  to  th«*  manner  of 
in  the  ir-— "'••"  — ♦^  ^ 
The  ah 

ferous  V. .  .  , ( 

sands  of  gallons,  consumed  within   itis  v.ilU, 
hong,  in  savoury  grease,  upon  their  siitlju>;. 
I  could  have  inscriWi  ray  u;imc  witl 
knife,  if  I  had  been  ao  diapoftc'd,  in  ihf 
of  innumerable  Turtles.     I  ]^vv\ 
into  a  huni^  reverie,  brought  on 
bj       '      "  r*  ►' place,  and  to  think  <n  u»    »S^ 
It  lie  lalaud  of  Ascension. 

Im  .  ij.!iji'-r  came — and  xvr-'  ♦       t   ..;ii  ,;^^ 
a  veil  over  the  meal^  I  will  i, 

the  empty  tureen,  and  iji<  r  sg 

wowdcrfnl — and  that  I 

I  eat  meditating,  wJi  n  th# 

iiiif>crf«2jct  nature  of  our  |irtt^-ul  m 

which   we   cam  eat  only  for  a   >  «« 

when  the  waiter  roused  me  with  tLtuc  vri:inik    j 

Said  he  to  me.  rug  he  bruahed  the  crumbs^ 
the  t^vble,  *^  Would  you  like  to  we  the  Tuitk  | 
Sir  ?  »*  I 

"To  see  what  Turtle,  waoler  1"  id^  1 
(cahnlv)  to  him^ 

'*  The  tanks  of  Turtle  below.  Sir/  mad  h# 
to  me. 

Tanks  of  Turtle  !   Good  Grndoos  *  «•  Yat 

The  waiter  lic:hted  a  candle,  and  omtliqclfA 
me  down  Btidr^  to  a  nmge  of  vaultod  apa^ 
flieiita,  deaniy  wMttwashed  and  iHntmiwtol 
with  gas^  wbtfe  I  nw  a  »«i'dtt  of  tha 
Mtoatahing  and  gnti^fum  '^ 
trstive  of  the  grratneii  of  it 
"Snoady,"  was  my  firat  ol»^M^■ln 
aelf,  "Rule  Britannia,  Britounia.  mJe* 
wavea  !  " 

There  iMve  tw^^KrHimt  hundriH] 
the  Taaked  aimftiiiflnta — all  alive, 
taaks^  aud  aonie  taking  the  air  in 
waUcfl  Uttered  down  wiUi  atiraw.     Thi^' 
of  all  BLzea  ;  many  of  them  enorr 
of  the  enormona  ones   had  eTi*.-M 
selves  with  the  smullei 
squeezed  themselves  i^ 
liitaover  water^pipe^  arja  ibrir  nc.i.i;* 
waJNb|     wii^re     thev     were     npopl 

atr^""'*'"**   'ind  splh^hinu,  ^' "■•^'h 

hi>  y.     Otbera  v  ,\i  ihM 

bur  !  '  tanka;  others     ...^_.    ^    riaii^ 

to  the  eurfaoe.      The  Turtle  in   Um>   walhi 
littered    down    with    straw,  were   coliu 
motionlcsa.     It  was  a  thiil ling  sight.    1 
imah  A  aight.     It  roosee  my  imagination, 
you  wi«h  to  tr}^  itJ?  effect  on  youraj 
call  risht  opposite  the  India  Iloiuie  anf 
you  pleaBc — <lint; — pay — and  n^  to  be 
below. 

Two  athletic  young  men,  without  coiaUi^^ 
^•ith  the  sh^vea  of  their  shirts  tucked 
the  iihouldei-a,  were  ia  attendance  on 
noble  animala.    One  of  th^m,  wreatlia^ 
the  most  enormoua  Turtle  in  eomi^mn-. 
dragging  him  up  to  the  edge  of  t ' 
me  to  look  at,  presented  an  i^lna  i 
I  never  had  before.    I  ought  to  obser^  t:  tliai 


HmAM  POWER'S  GBEEK  SLAVE. 


d§ 


I  likie  aa  isieo,     I  sa?,  wiicn  I  get  a  ntw  owe, 
«  Sbo^,  b(M>k  thai  !*  * 

My  fum»  on  tlw  present  ooeiwon,  wnc^—Mr. 
nr.H'Pi«-i '     If  wiLi  not  a  Ttiriletkxt  I  8»w, 
It  wjt«  tlic  demd  iiiu^^e  of 
was  dnggtHi  up  to  can- 
I  liM  wjuatcoAt — if  I   m«y  l^ 
x\mvaaott — tjows&rds  me  ;  juid  it 
ly  th«  wai*t<ro«it  of  Air.  Groggl<ss. 
ii^pe,  %'i>rT  n^farly  the  wmie 
WMSted  a  gold  w»teli-eli«m  ssd 
•«ak»  to  i»  the  ^wiueleoiit  of  Mr. 
*Cliaii  vw  wbnt  I  thonld  call  a 
»bout    liini   in  general, 
IISIdK  tlif   i'Vinv<>;o!i   iii'  Mr. 


I  hoii 

fnL,  I  ftntoii  to 
'•  traenL 
u  to  Kiy, 
of     oorrc 


fjmiQpKCi 


the  AllileUe ;. 
mi4>  tli«  tamk 


ty,m 


ail  111*  wr 

ralotKmtiCs  wfn?   - 
mid  /, 

aiHl  the  tJi 

Grogtr 
»  we  *f 


li*!  a 

loom 

!y  tltoae  uf  Mr. 

intelligvnt  eye 

enough  for  a 

i  4e9,     and     not 

"  '^Tr.  Grogglen, 

im  ^o,  and, 

nd  neaTily 

he  manner 

•  ooze  away 

iry  motion 

to  myself, 

t  an  idea, 

>;  involved. 

Lite  young 

iuTtle  to  ll»e 

I  found  thf'ii] 

tr.Cirogglr"       ^' 

uenwhoH 


■:ii3,  w, 

:\nd   other   Re- 

Iniprovement. 

'  from  this,  is, 

<^e  brtwi?«u  tlic 

nothing.     Jt  's 

it    the   pr»:v|jer 

1  that 

<  the 

oH^ly." 


•o  lltk,  •  Yon  have  hit  it.     Yon 

-%  vrry  iinieh,  b«cftnse,  if  I 
<^*   wotid,   it  *9    chan^. 
no    misIoeSB  in   the 
li^  with  it,  and  isn't 
»«i'.*a     >>  hui  M  :.^  I  think  I  hav. 

fm«d)  to   Iw  '  ..     1  look  at  v 

my.    Let  ti«  I  >e  fs  'iitii/rtaye^  and  lenre 
Now«  whim  the  voiuur  man  (ht 


m  Gtofigica — 1 

taak*tlSiwii$ 

cxxircaMdiu  L 

I  hiine  tKTtv 


?^. 


tin:  lUfUii^  U 

ii  wn*  wbsit 


.  .  to  that 

I  w%mu     A 
«  mimd,  old 


f>t  hM 
uinrnl 

be  a 
%  if  I 

I   hrnr 


cnswon.  One  eloquent  speaker  objected  to  the 
French  as  wearing  wooden  shoes  ;  and  a  friend 
of  his  r'eniiuded  him  of  another  objt-ction  U^ 
that  foreign  f>eople,  namely,  that  they  eat 
^toi^.  I  had  feared,  for  many  years*,  I  xm 
gorry  to  say,  that  these  "wholeaome  pnnfiples 
were  gone  *vnt.  How  delightful  to  hnd  them 
still  rt'inaining  among  the  great  roea  of  the 
City  of  London,  in  the  year  oae  tlioiwand 
eight  hnndi'ed  and  Mty  !  It  made  roe  tJduk 
of  the  Lively  Turtle. 

But,  1  ^>in  tboufjht  more  of  the  Lirelj 

Tu,-*!        ^ T>..  Ks^]^   ^yj^j    RcvoJutioaists 

\ii\  '  the  Coninioii  Council 

^v,  finl  jw«  OTii*  «if  the  last 

8tri.!jLJi'  !■  -  •■(  "11  '   ifi:i't-3   .•'.ii'^tihiti-  ',  :   niid 

SpPf'.'lii  ■;     WrV'^     ni,Ml>',   ."Jniilf     TT'TinviTl;.'     Sllllth- 

fielii  Maiket^ — wViich  I  consider  to  l^e  a  pai-t 
of  that  Con.stitiition — ^and  about  appointing  a 
Method  <  )ffici'r  for  the  City,  and  about  pre- 
serving the  pnbltc  health  ;  and  other  treason- 
able piT^  itiiaeil  to  ChuTvh  and  State, 
These  I  Ir.  Groggles,  aa  mijjht  liave 
been  expiv.t..  it  snch  a  man,  r-  i'  >•  o^ 
waiTiily,  thftt,  lis  I  afterwards  wji^l  jti 

Mrs.  Grogglea,  he  had  rather  a  r'.j... , ijk 

of  blotvi  to  the  bead  that  night.  All  the 
Groggier  party  resisted  them  too,  and  it  waa 
a  fine  constitntioni^  sight  to  skns  waisieoat 
after  waiscoat  riae  up  in  resistance  of  theto  otid 
anhside.  But  what  struck  m©  In  the  aight 
was  this,  **  Snoady,"  said  I,  **  here  is  your  i«lea 
canneil  out,  Sir  !  These  Eadicals  and  Re- 
volutionistH  are  the  athletic  young  men  in 
'  ii-t  eleevea,  dragging  the  Lively  Turtle  to 
edges  of  the  tank-  The  Groggleaea  are 
v.iL  Tm'tle,  looking  out  for  a  moment,  and 
flopping  down  again.  Honour  to  the 
Groggleseg  !  Honour  to  the  Court  of  Lively 
Turtle  »  The  wisdom  of  the  Turtle  w  the 
hope  of  England  !  " 

There  are  three  heads  in  the  moral  of  what 
I  had  to  say.  Firsts  Turtle  arnl  firo^^es  are 
identical;  wonderfnllv  .alikt^  \,  won- 

derfully alike  mentAlly.     S«  rtle  ia 

a  g*x'Mi  thini,'  every  way,  and  irie  nvtiiness  ot 
the  Turtle  la  intended  oa  an  example  for  the 
liveliness  of  man  ;  you  are  not  to  go  l>eyond 
that.  Thirdly,  we  are  all  qoite  eomfortable 
Leave  us  alone  ! 

HIRAM  POWER^S  GREEK  SLAVE. 

Thkt  say  Ideal  Boaiity  cannot  enter 

The  boTi'^c  of  nuguiah.     On  the  thrr'liold  stands 

Ti  Imago  witii  the  ahaV 

0  Greek  Slavo  :  as  if  It  int  h«i 

Shadowed,  no:  panda) 

To,  80,  oonfroTir  md^ 

With  man  8  ideal  bcu^ie.     Pierce  bu  th«  osntre. 
Art's  fiery  finger  f  and  break  up  eroloog 
Th«  eerfiloin  of  thia  world.    J^peaL,  £ur  Btotniv 
From  God's  pure  heights  of  beauty,  ag^nst  man'i 

wrongi 
Cfttch  up.  In  thy  divine  face,  not  alone 
EiL-t  -lietfs,  but  wcst^  and  strike  and  ahamo  the 


tors  of  whVto  alentia,  OTct^tcmtu 


=i 


liX> 


HOUSEHOLD  WOEDS. 


P 


^ 


^ 


THE  DUTIES  OF  WITNESSES  AND 

JURYMEN, 

I  AM  not  a  yoirng  man,  nud  liavc  passed 
much  of  my  life  iu  our  Criminal  Courts,  I 
wm,  and  have  been,  in  ai'tive  prActice  at  the 
Bar,  and  I  believe  myself  capable  of  offenug 
siiymv  hints  towards  on  improved  adminlvtra- 
tiou  of  juatice. 

I  do  not  alladc  to  any  reform  in  the  law, 
though  I  believt?  much  to  V>e  neede*!.  I  mean 
to  confine  injuc^f  to  aniendmeuta  which  it  is 
in  the  jK>wer  of  the  peoj)le  to  make  for  them- 
selvea,  ami  indeed,  which  no  legishitui'e,  how- 
ever enlightened,  can  make  for  them. 

In  no  country  can  the  hiwa  b«  wsll  ad- 
ministere<l,  where  the  pc*j>nlar  mind  standa  at 
a  low  ptiint  in  the  senile  of  intelligence,  or 
where  the  moral  tone  ia  lai.  The  latter 
defect  is  of  course  the  most  important,  but  it 
is  so  intimately  comiecteil  with  the  fonu«*r, 
that  they  conimoidy  prevail  together,  and  the 
rnitMcH  which  remove  the  one  have,  almost 
without  exception,  a  ealuljtr)^  effect  upon  the 
other. 

lliat  the  genei-al  difiusion  of  morala  and 
intelligence  is  essential  t^  the  healthy  working 
of  jnrisnnidenco  in  all  coimtriea,  will  be 
admitte<l,  when  it  is  recollected  that  no 
tribunal,  however  akilful,  can  iu-rivc  at  the 
truth  by  any  other  way  than  by  the  testimony 
of  witnesses,  and  that  consequently  on  thtir 
tni8t-worthin»^i48  the  enjoyment  of  property, 
character,  and  life,  must  of  necesrilty  depend. 

Again,  wherever  trial  by  Jury  is  established, 
a  further  demand  arista  for  morals  and  in- 
t^jlligcjice  among  the  people.  It  follows  then, 
a«  a  eonBequenee  idniost  too  obvious  to  justify 
the  remark,  that  whatever  in  any  country 
enlarges  and  strengthens  these  great  attributes 
of  civilisation,  raUes  its  caj)acity  for  per- 
forming that  noblest  duty  ol  social  man,  the 
administration  of  justice. 

Let  me  first  Ri>eak  of  witnesses  and  their 
testimony-  It  ia  s^mietiniea  supposed  that 
the  deaii*e  to  be  veracious  is  the  only  quality 
CBscutml  to  form  a  tnistworthy  witness  ;  and 
an  essential  quality  it  is  beyond  all  doubt  ;but 
it  is  possessed  by  many  who  are  nevertheless 
very  unsafe  guides  to  tiuth.  In  the  first 
place,  this  general  desire  for  truth  in  a  mind 
not  carefully  regulat*.'d,  is  apt  to  give  way, 
oftentimes  unconsciouslvt  to  impre^ssions  which 
ovej-power  habitual  veiaeity.  Ic  may  be  laid 
tlovm  aa  a  general  rule  that  witnesses  are 
jiartis;uis,  and  that,  often  without  knowing  it, 
their  evidence  t;ikes  a  colour  from  the  feeling 
of  partisanship,  which  gives  it  all  the  ijijurious 
etfects  of  wilful  falshooil — nay,  it  is  frequently 
more  pernicious.  'Die  witness  who  knowinj^ly 
nen-ei-ts  the  tnith,  often  betrays  hia  mendicity 
by  his  voice,  his  countenance,  or  his  choice  of 
words  ;  while  the  unconscious  jjei'verter  gives 
hia  testimony  with  all  the  force  of  siiicerity. 
Lt't  the  witness  who  intends  to  give  evidence 
worthy  of  coniidence,  be  on  hia  guard  against 
the  temntations  to  become  a  partisiiiu.    W'it- 


ncflses  ought  to  avoid  consorting  togetbcr  on 
the  eve  c?  &  trial ;  still  more,  discussiiig  tJu 
matters  in  dispute,  and  comjmring  thctr  fan 
tended  statements.  Mmricians  hfivr  fi^Kscrt^ 
that  if  two  inatmmenta,  not  in  r 

dance,  are  playe<l  together,  they  ,- 

dency  to  run  into  hamiony.  AVjtne^  ■  .jv. 
precisely  such  instruments,  and  act  on  umi 
other  in  like  maimer. 

So  much  with  regard  io  the  mond  tone  of 
the  witness,  but  the  difficulties  -wl-i'  i-   r  u^^ 
pjinted  out  may  be  surmounteii,  i 
his  evidence  a  very  distorted  min 
real  facts.     Consideration  ran  at  I 
the  intellectual  requirements  of  a  A 
was  the  just  remark  of  Dr.JohnRun  tluiteoi 
plaints  of  the  memory  were  often  very  nujott 
towards  that  faculty,  which  was  reproached 
with  not  rctahiiug  what  had  never  been  con- 
fided to  its  care.    The  defc  t  '  '  r* 
of  memory,  but  a  lack  of  le 
ideas  have  not  run  out  ot    ....    ...u.,  ,i**y 

never  went  into  it. 

This  is  a  deficiency,  which  mti  t  U; 
dealt  with  iu  any  special  rel.H 
subject  in  band  ;  it  can  only  1^  • 
cultivi«ting  a  general  habit  of 
which,  considering  that  the  <lwu  - 
of  others  may  be  imperilled  by  ii 
out  of  the  neglect  to  observe  accn 
he  looked  upon  in  the  light  of  a  dm  \ 

A  stUl  gi-eatcr  defect  ia  the  absrnoe  of  the 
power  of  distinguishing  fact  and  infe 
Nothing  but  a  long  experience  in  Coui 
Justice,  can  give  a  notion  of  fh<*   i-xtot\t' 
which  tealimoiiy  is  adulterab-d  \>\ 
It  is  often  exemplitie«l  in  the  (]• 
witnesses,  or  rather  in  the  compai 
the  depositions  which,  as  your  n  .. 
are  taken  in  writing  before  the  coi 
magistrate,  and  the   evidence*  given  OH 
trial. 

Circumstances  on  wliich  the  witticsa   hail 
been  .*iilent  when  examined  l)eforf- 
trate    shortly  after    the  event, 
appiearance  in   his   evidence   on 
trial ;  so  that  his  memory  purport  < 

Inaccuracy  in  proportion  to  their  ii 

ha£i;  elapsed  uuoe  the  transaction  of  which 
speaks ! 

I  have  ob8cr^'ed  this  effv  • 
marvellous  degi'ee  in  cases  *.<l 
in  civil  suits  are  often  awnr-iii,  uuii  ^v 
Irequently  take  place  years  afitr  the  evculj 
which  they  relate.  The  comi«ij"is<m  of 
evidence  of  the  .same  witiict^a  jm*  it  Kt^utds 
the  short-lifunl  writer  s  notes  of  the  two  ti 
would  lead  nn  unpractised  i^cadrr  to  the  con* 
elusion  that  nothing  but  perjury  couM  ac- 
count for  the  divemities  ;  and  this  imprf -^i^on 
would  be  contirmed,  if  he  slK»u]d  rtn<l.  .ns  jii 
all  prolwtbility  he  would,  that  the  p«Jtjii4  on 
which  the  latter  memory  was  bett«'r  supplied 
than  the  cailier,  were  just  those  oa  wl»ich 
tlie  greatest  doubt  hjtd  prevailed  on  the 
former  occasion  ;  and  which  were  made  in 
favour  of  the  party  ou  whose  side  the  wititesft 


THE  DUTIES  OF  WITNESSES  AND  JUEYHEN. 


101 


hatl   WtUi  calieU.     B«U    the   critic  would   be 

niiMfik'iiu  Tlie  witrn  -i^  wiw  not  diahoneet, 
bat  hiui  foiled  io  k' ♦  p  wntch  over  the  ope- 
rmli' '  '  *■■'  «>^*ii  liiiiid.  He  had  perhaiie 
otUi  to  tilt?  8itbj<-*ct,  and  often  dia- 

it ,  until  at  k  Mgtli  he  confounded 
\rhich   had    occnirrtnl,   with  the  in- 
lich  ho  had  di74wu  from  siich  facte, 
^lishmeot  of  the  existence  of  othens 
\*{  in  r*miity  no  place  except  in  hia 
'  IK  but  whicn  after  a  lime  took 
uiemoiy  with  its  original  im- 

The  best  BK&gUKrd  a  witness  could  em|>loy 
to  preserve  the  imalloTed  memoiy  ctf  tiTutsac- 
tkiiiAt  U  to  commit  hi»  narmtive  to  writh)^'^ 
a#  aooo  After  the  f  veut  iva  he  shall  h^^e  )«.'amt 
Ual  lib  trvi>  r  \ne  them  is  Ukely  to 

III  nardly  recommend 
.Mi  so  little  is  the  world, 
.  lion  of  the  world  which 
u  Courta  of  Justice,  acquainted 
y  be  called  the  Philosophy  of 
_...      vuaia  conscientioiw  endeavour  of 
fklsu   to  preserve   hie  testimony  in  it.s 
^   ,..;.^».t  ;l^w  upon  him  the  iniput^ition 
:  icat«i  his  narrative  ;  and  this 
Kil*U^  heeause  fidfte  witnesses 
aken  SEunihu*  means 

.  b  i»<»rihy  of  uotv  how  much  these  dis- 
IfTf  *^w<*es,  both  moral  and  intellectual, 
B  portions  of  e\'idence  which 
Mit                    ^e    to   distt>rtion.      Wonls,   as 
'i'*i  inguahed  from  facts,  exemplify  the 
of  ihia  position  ;  every  witue^is  ought  to 
*   '^  V.;,,,    ,if  jjj  giving  evi- 
jiiage,  if  it  runs 
to  .  .^.  , .  lo  b©  mifluuder- 

1  ^  It  to  be  weU  understood  at 

T  I  i  e  exact  wording  of  it  can  rarely 

I  leas  the  witneMS  memor)' wej-e 

taiitajuouiit  lu  minuteness  and  accuracy  to  the 
rtcckrd  ckf  a  aburt^hajid  writer.     He  is  con- 
1  to  give  nn  abstract,  or,  as 
!,  tlie  »uV«tance  of  what 
'  1  -  "  new  difficulty  arises  ; 

to  an  intellectual  effort 

*  Ji  ^  rarely  accomplished 

ith  a  -.  11  to  perfection.     Let 

;hejurjnii  lu  luiad-     He  will  be 

ten  t*:nipt*jti  t<j  itly  «)u  alleged  confesaiona 
{xrisoners  sworn  to  by  witnesses  who  cer- 
desire  to  speak  the  truth.  These  con- 
often  go  «o  stnughl  to  the  point,  that 
ofler  to  tne  juryman  a  species  of  relief 
I  that  state  of  doubt,  which,  to  minds 
trnpractised  in  weighing  probabLUties,  is  irk- 
Aome,  almost  l»eyc>nd  deaoripticn.  Speaking 
from  the  exp»^rienee  of  tl^irty  }"*»j^  1  should 
pronounce  the  evidence  of  wonU  ti^  be  so 
cangeroua  in  ita  mtture  as  to  dtnuLiid  the 
fKiiiw»t  vi^Uuice,  in  all  CMsen^  be&n>  it  in 
tlle««rl  to  mflncRCo  the  verdict  to  noy  impor- 
tant ext«iit^ 

Whilv  1  3UD  on  the  8itl»i€ct  of  evUience^ 


infirm  in  its  nature,  1  must  not  pass  over  that 
of  identity  of  person.  The  number  of  |>ersi<ina 
who  resemble  eaeh  other  is  not  incouHiderable 
in  itself^  but  the  number  b  verj'  large  of 
persona  who,  though  very  distinguishable 
when  standing  aide  by  eade,  are  yet  suffi- 
ciently alike  to  deceive  those  who  are  without 
the  means  of  immediate  comparieon. 

Early  in  life  an  occurrence  impressed  me 
with  the  danger  of  reiving  on  the  most  con- 
6dent  belief  of  identity,  I  was  at  VauihalL 
Oardeua  where  I  thought  I  saw,  at  a  short 
distance,  an  old  country  gentleman  whom  I 
highly  respected,  and  wliose  favour  I  should 
have  l»ecu  sorry  to  lose.  I  bowed  to  him, 
but  obtained  no  recognition.  In  those  days 
the  company  lunused  themselves  by  walking 
round  in  a  circle,  some  in  one  direction,  Bome 
in  the  opposite,  by  which  means  every  one 
saw  aud  was  seen — I  say  in  those  days,  be- 
cause I  have  not  been  at  Vauihall'for  a 
quai*ter  of  a  century.  In  performing  th^e 
rounds  I  often  met  the  gentleman,  and  tried 
to  attract  hia  attention,  until  I  became  con- 
vinced that  either  his  cye-fiight  wus  so 
weakened  that  he  did  not  know  me,  or  that  he 
chose  to  disown  my  acquaintance.  Some  tim^ 
afterward^  going  into  the  county  in  which  hf 
resided,  I  received,  as  usual,  an  invitation  to 
dinner  ;  this  led  to  an  erphmatioti,  when  my 
friend  assured  me  he  had  not  been  in  London 
for  twenty  yeare.  I  afterwards  met  the 
person  whom  I  had  mhttakcn  for  my  old 
triend,  and  wondered  how  I  could  have  fallen 
into  the  error.  I  can  only  explain  it  by 
supposing  that,  if  the  mind  feels  satisfied  oi 
identity,  which  it  often  does  at  the  first 
glance,  it  ceases  to  investigate  that  question, 
aud  occupies  itself  with  otlier  matter  ;  as  in 
my  case,  where  my  thoughts  r.\n  upon  the 
motives  my  friend  mi^ht  have  for  not  recog- 
nising me,  instead  ot  employing  theinselves 
on  the  question  of  whether  or  no  the  indi* 
^idual  before  my  eyes  was  indeed  the  pereon 
I  took  him  for. 

If  I  had  had  to  give  evidence  on  this 
matter  my  mistake  would  have  l>een  the 
more  daneeroua,  as  I  had  full  means  of  know- 
ledge. The  place  vk'aa  well  lighted,  the  inter- 
\-iewB  were  rejieated,  and  my  mind  wjjs  undis- 
turbed. How  often  have  I  have  known 
evidence  of  identity  acted  upon  by  juries, 
where  the  witness  was  in  a  much  less  favour- 
able position  (for  correct  oljservution)  than 
mine. 

Sometimes,  a  mistaken  verdict  is  avoided 
by  independent  evidence.  Rarely,  however, 
is  this  rock  escaped,  bv  cross-examination, 
even  when  conducted  witli  ade<|Uate  skill  and 
cxjjerieuce,  Tlie  belief  of  the  witness  is  belief 
in  a  matter  of  opinion  resulting  from  a  com- 
bination of  fiicts  ao  slight  aud  unimportant^ 
separately  considered,  that  they  furnish  no 
handle  to  the  cross-citaminer,  A  striking  case 
of  this  kind  occurs  to  my  recollection,  with 
which  I  will  conclude. 

A  prisoner  was  Indvciei  for  f5iawAAi!L^ia!c>(JsA 


I 


I 


1 


ki 


prouecrutor,  with  intent  to  kiQ  him.  The  pro- 
aceutur  awor*?  that  the  prisoner  ha*J  demjuiJed 

hhi  money,  and  ih-*  "i  .-•.,.. i     ..  i  i,,    ^^j 

coiupl;)-  with  hh  j  1, 

by  the  fbiih  of  wL...  ....  ._  .:  i—      .         le 

ptfrftf'.'lly  visible;  the  ahot  did  not  take  etlect, 
fljtd  the  pristmer  niaile  off.  Here  the  recog- 
uilic»n  wa.-*  momentary,  «uid  the  prosecutor 
coukl  hanily  have  bijen  in  an  uudistiurbed 
Atate  of  miiid,  yet  the  coafldence  of  his  belief 
mm\n  a  stroug  iinpressioD  on  all  who  heard 
the  evidence,  aii J  piioLably  wouhi  have  sealed 
the  fiLt4.^  of  the  prLsuuer  without  the  aid  of  an 
jyUlitiooHl  CipCtof  very  slight  imjx^itauce,  which 
was^  however,  put  iu  evidence  by  way  of  cor- 
robtiration,  that  the  prisoner,  wlio  wiia  a 
Btrsuiger  to  the  neighbovirhooii,  hail  been  seen 
psi&iLiig  near  tht^  Bpot  in  which  the  iktt.'ick 
WHS  jumie  HtK^iit  tiOun  of  the  fcuime  day.  Tlie 
judge  Wlonged  to  a  chis,g  now,  thank  God ! 
olmolete.,  who  ;dways  acted  ou  the  rev»^T*ae  of 
the  eondtitutiotuil  niiixim,  and  considered 
every  man  guilty  until  he  was  proved  to  be 
inDuoeut. 

If  the  cane  luul  clcised  without  witneauas  on 
belmlf  of  the  pristjntT,  Ids  life  would  have  be« 
gr,iii:>     ^1  1 1 1'li.ntely,  he  poases^ed  the  means  ui 
ciu;  .dile  and  zealouet  Attonic-y,  aud, 

moi  i(  ly,  it  641  hap|K-n^d  that  several 

houna  belore  the  attack  the  priaonex  had 
niJLiuiiteti  tipou  a  c-ojmh,  and  was  many  miles 
frcrni  tlie  seeue  of  the  crlcaQ  at  the  hour  of  itii 
commiiisiou. 

With  gi^'at  labofir,  and  at  coDBi<lei^l:4e  ex- 
pcnsc'T  all  the  posiiengers  were  *iought  out,  and 
with  tl»e  c(mcnman  aiid  giiard,  were  bi'ought 
into  courts  lUid  te^titied  to  the  iii'esMj:iieeaiuuug 
ther*?  ■  f'  •'-■  ■^'  '  iier.  An  mt'U  ia  always  a 
su^j  and  by  no  man  was  ever 

moi  ,  -  .  v.:itched  tlian  by  tliis  jud{^e, 
Ihit  whoa  witucisa  after  witness  appearevi, 
tluiir  namea  corresponding  ejtaetly  witli  the 
w^^y-biU  proiiuced  oy  the  clerk  of  a  re»iJ4jot- 
able  eoach-ofiiee,  the  moat  detenniued  acepli- 
cism  guve  way,  and  the  prisoner  was  actjiiitt^d 
by  acchmiation.  He  waa  not,  however,  save<l 
l)y  liift  innocence,  but  by  his  good  fortune. 
How  frequently  doeii  it  Imtipen  to  us  ail  to  be 
uwuiy  houna  at  a  time  without  having  wit- 
ne:s»i  8  to  protTe  our  abiietice  Ci"om  one  sfwt  by 
our  presence  at  another  !  And  how  nuuiy  of 
us  ai-«  too  prone  to  avail  oureelves  of  8uch 
proof  in  the  instances  where  it  may  exibt  I 

A  rcTuarkable  instance  of  mustalc^  hi  iden- 
tity, whicli  put  the  life  of  a  priaoner  in 
extrcnuj  lierif,  I  heard  from  the  lipa  of  hia 
cijunael     It   -  '    ^  the  Special  Commij*- 

eion  held  :ii  N  after  the  riots  con 

tequent  on  tli,  ^.j  ,.un  of  the  Keform  Bill 
by  the  House  of  Lords,  in  1831. 

The  prisoner  was  a  yoimg  man  of  prepos- 
iiflftBmg  appearance,  belonging  to  wliat  may  l»e 
caJk'd  tlie  lower  aeetiou  of  the  middle  rank 
q{  life,  being  a  framework  knitter,  in  the  em- 
plojTuent  of  hia  father,  a  master  manufacturer 
m  a  dmall  wav.     He  was  tried  on  an  indict- 


ment cl:  '  :fa  with  the  otfenoe 

A  mo'\  •  iie  was  alkg-ni  to  bi* 

burnt  L-i.ii.fv    ilail,  near  Nottiijghnin^ 
residence  of   >Ir.  Miu^ters,   the   hiisb<uj<; 
Mai-y  Cbaworth,  whose  n;uue   i«    no    1 1. 
liukeil    with   that   of   Byron.      ThLs 
lady  waa  approaching  the  lost  stago 
sumption,  when,  on  a  cold  and  wet  evetoiii;. 
autumn,  ^hc  was  driven  from   her   uuui-m 
and  compelled  to  take  refuge  ainoiii^  the  tTvct    . 
of  her  ijhi'ubbery.— <m  outitlgc  whii-'U  probably    1] 
hastened  her  death. 

The  crime,  with  ita  attendant  ci  reutojataxi 

created,  as  was  natui-:'^    -      *• — •      - 

againat  the  crioiInalH, 

so  praijtewotihy  b  itsc..,  ._  .._ 

a  fjtrong   teadency  in   the   pul  i| 

lielieve  in  the  guilt  of  a  party  ace* 

sometimes  a«em  to  hunger  anil 

criminal,  and  are  dlaappointed  \ 

out  that  they  are  migtaJtea  in  their  iiuui, 

fti'e,  consequently,  alow  to  belii^ve  th^i 

an  eri'or  ban  been  made.     I  '      i^^ 

prcat^iou    ia   received   into  oft* 

•    '  ^  ;  but  although  on  un   p%r- 

.  it  is  all  the  mure  il  Ijj  tlu» 

— .,   ^iie  prisoner   w:ia  Idtii.....  .    .>y  »«vvnli 

witnesses  its  having  taken  an  adirc  port  iftj 
setting  tiie  to  the  h<iuse. 

lie  had  been  tindei'  their  noUoe  for 
conai'lcrfible  sj^oce  o(  tbtie  ;    they  i^nxe   tlirli 
evidence  against  him  without  h- 
probably  the  alighteijt  duul^t  of 
His  defence  was  an  ali&i.   The  fi 
he  worked  had  its  place  near  tii 
the  warehouse,  the  room  fi 
customers  and  all  who  luul 
act  at  the  manufiLcU>ry      ' ' 
as  doorkee]>er,  and  in  . 
seen  diid  sjjokeii  with   '  ^ 
in  their  eridence  more  than  covti 
time  which  elapge*!  Ix'tween  the  ;; 
mob  at  Colwick  Hall  and  its  depa^  turr*      'J' 
alibi  was  beUeveil,  and  tho  prixfuer,  aft^c^ 
trial  which  lasted  a  whole  day,  w. 

Tlie  next  morning  he  was  to  I' 
on   another   indictment,   chai*gi)' 
having  set  fire  to  the  Castle  at 
ITie  counsel  for  tlie  prosecu "  i    ■ 
motives  of  humanity,  and  fi^ : 
the  prisoner's  guilt  on  both 
counsel  for  the  prisoner  to  .- 
plead  guilty,  undertaking  I ; 
be  spared,  but  obsening  at  tho  satue 
that  hia  social  position,  whieh  was  su] 
to  that  of  the  otlier  prisoners,  would 
impossible  to  extend  the  mercy  of  the 
to  him  unless  he  manifested  a  due 
his  offtuces  by  foregoing  the  chance  of 
"•  You  know,"  said  they,  ''  how  larely  a 
obtains  credit  with  a  Jury,     You  can  hai 
other  defence  to-day  thaii  that  cf  \l^si 
I'he  Castle  i.**  much  nearer  thiiu  ( 
to  the  numufactory,  and  a  veiy  ^i 
from  his  work  on  the  pjirt  of  the  pri^oK 
might    reconcile    the    evidence   of    all     tlls 
witnesses,  both,  (or  him  and  agaiunt  hinxj 


THE  DUTIES  OF  WITNESSES  AND  JURYMEN. 


loa 


iorcovnTf  who  ever  heard  of  a  suecesaixil  tf/t&t 
no«  ru&mng  I " 

The  ccmi^ai^  for  tLe  prisoner  had  has  clieiit 

h*iu  into  a  room  adjoiukiig  the  court,  tun} 

iviu^  exitlaiuexl  to  luiii  the  extreme  ilanger 

qrhicli  lie  gtocwl,  Tnformeci  liim  of  the  offer 

by  the   ]  '  i.    The  jouu^r  mtux 

some  (  ..d  asked  his  coun^d 

ivi«e  wh;it  ^ttp  ht  whould  take.     "The 

he  wa3  fuiswered,  **  must  def  »end  upou 

t     !  M'  nl  one—his  guilt  or 

h  haoce  of  esca|>c  wus 

*rasEiucea 
be 
in  the  J  >ner,  wovd<  I  ajty, 

X>erU,  h  1,  would  induotr 

M    to    plead    guilt/. "      The   prisoner   was 
further  lolJ*  that  in  the  course'  of  a  trial  cir- 
cumstaucos  oflen  nro&e  at   the  moment^  uji- 
,foir«eou   hy  all  parliea.   which   dlacloaed  the 
'truth  ;   tluit   thia    .  '       'ion   was   in   his 

feivoar,  if  he  were  ii  '  ijhowe<l  at  the 

ttm«  tho'    '1  '^^    chances  of 

If  ho  \  ,  t  of  which 

nut  he  r  L  surmised, 

^outhf  with  f^errect  aelf-nogfieasion,  and 
nm  tnmte&Af  replied,  *^I  am  imioeenty 
wtU  take  mjr  trial'*    He  did  so.    Maaxy 
\\    Uoiira    wore    away,   e^^ery    moment 
ibig  the  prisoner's  chance  of  acquittal. 
It  aeemed  utterly  extinguished,  when 
trifline  matter  which  had  e3eji{«ed  the 
Mry  of  tbe  narrator,  occiuTed,  leading  him 
It  «...  ....     i  I  .  .1  ..♦  'Luother  [.jei-soUj 

pnsoner,  had 

-  ..  - ^.-xiy  was  instantly 

Uunily,  whether  they  knew  of  aiiy 

ibhuiee  ;  wlien  it  apiHiared  that  the  ' 

Wftn^  had  a  (.*o\is)n  so  much  like  himself,  1 

Lt  the  two  were  frequently  accostini  in  the  j 

to  far  tite  other.    The  cousin ' 

fv  ' 

li  doubtless  ti-Tic, ' 

l«*t  it  ion  could  Luvti 

V' '  '  tQce  of  audi   a 

J  appeared  iii>t , 
■J  wus  iL«suredly 
a,  c«juld  be  in- 


■  Uy  iift 

ever, 

I   tho   re- 

[le  couo^^I 

k.iirir  CiiAe^  ex- 

I  ¥ritjueiM*^d  hati 

a    mistake  of 


nnrrntor  *ilihj«l.  thut  an  alili  stood  a  less 

Nottingham 

;  place  re- 

'..^y,      hi  CMM  of  the 

. .utrdcrto^  oofniniit***! 


which  they  thought  oppressive  to  working 
mea,  an  aiilii  he  said^  na/l  ^i*^-^^'  '  '^''-octed, 
which  was  feueceBsful  in  «a^  ■  of  a 

man  notorioeiflly  guilty,  and  v.  i  there- 

fore added  to  the  disrepute  of  tliia  qiecit<ii  of 
defence.  The  hypothesis  was,  that  the  pri- 
soner, at  the  time  when  the  crime  win  com- 
mitted, at  Loughborough,  sixteen  miles  from 
Nottingham,  was  engaged  at  a  s\ip[>er-party 
at  the  hater  place  ;  and  tlie  prisoner  liiiviug 
the  aympathy  of  a  larae  class  in  hia  favour, 
whose  battle  he  had  been  fighting,  no  diffi- 
,  nlrv  T.i;ii  kvj^erienced  l»y  hla  friends  in  liud- 
willing  to  mipport  this  hj-po- 
1  oaths  ;  hut  it  would  liave  been 
a  la^ih  LUi^ajs^uru  to  have  called  them  into  the 
box  unprepai'ed.  And  whfu  it  in  considei^ 
bow  reathly  a  preconcerted  storj'  might  have 
been  destroyed  ijy  crosa-examination,  the  U\&k 
of  pi'epariug  the  witnesses  so  aB  to  chide  thia 
test,  waa  one  requiring  no  ordui.'iry  cmti  and 
skill.  ITio  dan|«:er  would  arise  thus  :— Every 
witness  would  be  kept  out  of  court,  except 
the  one  in  the  box.  He  would  be  asked 
whero  he  aat  at  the  supper  ]  where  the  pri- 
soner aat,  and  each  of  the  other  giieal€ ;  what 
were  the  dishes,  what  waa  t!ie  course  of  coa- 
veraatioD,  and  so  forth— the  queati^m*  being 
capable  of  multipheatiou  ad  it^niium ;  so 
that,  howevc-r  well  tutored,  the  wttnei^ed 
would  inevitably  contradict  each  otber  upon 
some  matters,  on  which  the  tutor  had  not 
foreseen  tliat  the  witness  would  be  croas- 
examlned,  or  to  whicJi  he  had  forgotten  the 
answer  prescril>ed.  The  difficulty  was,  how- 
ever, siiruiount«d.  After  the  priaooKr^a  ap- 
prehension, the  aelceted  witnesses  wore  in- 
vited to  a  mackerel  supper,  which  to<^>k  place 
at  an  hour  correa[xniding  to  that  at  which 
the  crime  waa  committed  ;  and  ao  careful  was 
the  ingeuioua  agcut  who  deviiied  this  conspi- 
rncy  against  the  truth  that,  guided  by  a  sure 
iiistijict,  he  fixed  upon  the  a^une  daj^  of  the 
week  a.*?  that  on  which  the  crime  h^wl  been 
cuioiuitted,  thoucjh  without  knowing  how 
furluuute  it  would  W  fur  the  prisouei*  Uiat  ha 
tcujk  this  precaution.  WbcUj  on  croflv-esttooi- 
iiation^  it  was  found  tliat  the  vfitneaaes  agreied 
as  to  the  or<Ur  in  which  the  guesta  wero 
seated,  the  contents  of  the  tlisb^,  the  conveiv 
^atiun  whidi  had  taken  pUoe,  and  so  forth  i 
the  counsel  for  the  Crown  8uapect«xl  the  plot ; 
but  utjt  imngiuiii;^^  that  it  had  been  io  dct- 
feetly  c'hihn'niteJ,  they  inquired  of  their 
attorneys  ,-w  to  whethta*  there  was  any  occur- 
rence )>eculijir  to  the  ijay  of  the  wetik  in 
question^  a ud  were  toUl  tluct  upon  the  evcuing 
of  sudi  ilay,  a  pubhc  Inll  was  always  rung, 
wliiidi  must  have  been  heard  at  th^-  -in.i..  i .  it 
it   had  taken  place  at  the   tim*  I. 

The  witneises  were  ae^MiviUely  •  *^k 

and  questioned  as  to  the  bell.  They  iiad  all 
heard  it ;  and  thus  not  only  w*>re  the  cto(»- 
exauiiinera  utterly  l»affleil,  but  the  cix*a»^ 
•  xruuhmtiou  gave  tenfold  support  to  the  ex- 
n  in  chief,  tbit  is,  to  th«  vvidciust 
(  by  the  witueBaeH  tu  uiswer  to  th« 


104 


HOUSEHOLD  WOBDS. 


iCMABClailV 


queationa  put  by  tlie  priwner'a  ooonsel  iu  his 
behalf. 

The  triamph  of  falsehood  was  complete. 
The  prisoner  yvns  acquitted.  When  however 
the  attention  of  prosecutorB  ia  cidied  to  the 
possibiUty  of  such  fubriciitiona  they  become 
less  easy  of  management.  The  frietidn  of  a 
prisoner  aie  often  known  to  the  police,  and 
may  be  watched — the  actora  may  be  miiprised 
At  the  rehearsfii ;  a  fklse  ally  may  be  inserted 
among  them ;  in  abort  there  are  many 
chances  of  the  plot  failing.  Tliia  however  is 
an  a^e  of  improvement,  anil  the  thirty  years 
which  have  elapeed  aince  the  (Lijtb  of  Lucidijsm 
have  not  been  a  barren  period  in  any  art 
or  science*  The  mystery  of  cookeiy  in  dishes, 
accounts,  and  acilis,  has  profited  by  this 
general  aiivancemeiit.  The  latest  device  which 
my  actjuaintance  with  rourta  has  brought  to 
my  knowledge  is  an  alibi  of  a  very  refined 
and  subtle  nature.  The  hypothesis  is,  that 
the  prisoner  was  walking  from  point  A  to 
point  Z,  fdon^  a  distant  road,  at  the  hour 
when  the  crime  was  committed.  The  wit- 
nesses are  aiippoaed  each  to  see  himj  and 
some  to  convei"8e  with  him,  at  points  which 
may  be  indicated  by  many  or  all  the  letters 
of  the  alphabet.  Each  witness  must  be  alone 
when  he  sees  him,  so  tliat  no  two  may  speak 
to  what  occurred  at  the  same  spot  or  moment 
of  time  ;  but,  with  this  reservation,  each  may 
safely  indulge  his  im agination  with  any  ac- 
count of  the  interview  which  he  haa  wit  to 
make  consistent  with  itself,  and  firmness  to 
abide  by  under  the  storm  of  a  crossHeiamina- 
tion.  "The  force  of  falsthood  cnn  no  farther 
go."  No  rehearsal  is  necessary.  Neither  of 
the  witnesses  need^  know  of  the  existence  of 
the  other*  The  agent  gives  to  each  witness 
the  name  of  the  spot  at  wliich  he  is  to  place 
the  prisoner,  Tlie  witness  makes  biinaelf 
acquainted  witli  that  spot,  so  as  to  stand  a 
cross-cxaraiuHtlon  as  to  the  surrounding  ob- 
jects, and  his  education  is  complete.  But  as 
panaceas  have  only  a  fabulous  existence,  so 
this  exquijite  aJiii  is  not  applicable  to  all 
cases ;  the  witness  must  have  a  reason  for 
being  on  the  spot,  plnuaible  enough  to  foil  the 
akill  of  the  crcias-examiner ;  and,  aa  false 
witnesses  cannot  be  found  at  every  tuni,  the 
difficulty  of  making  it  accord  with  the  pro- 
bability that  the  witness  was  where  he  pre- 
t^nids  to  have  betm  on  the  day  and  at  the 
hour  in  question,  is  often  insuperable  ;  to  say 
nothing  of  the  possibility  ana  probability  of 
its  being  clearly  established,  on  the  part  of 
the  prosecution,  that  the  prisoner  could  not 
have  been  there.  I  ehould  mid,  that,  except 
in  towns  of  the  first  magnitude,  it  must 
be  difficult  to  find  meudacioua  witnesses  who 
have  in  other  respects  the  proper  qualifi- 
cations to  prove  a  concocted  nhfn,  save  always 
where  the  prisoner  is  the  champion  of  a 
class  J  and  tnen,  aecoi-ding  to  my  experience, 
—sad  as  the  avowal  is, — the  diihcuity  is 
gre«fctly  reduced. 

These  incidents  illustrate  the  aoundnesa  of 


the  well  known  proposition,  ihnt  imxture  (wf 
truth  with  falsehood,  augments  to  the  highcit 
degree  the  noxious  jvjwer  of  the  venomoufl 
ingredient.  That  man  was  no  mean  proficient 
iu  the  art  of  deceiving,  who  first  diBCoT«r«d  [ 
the  importance  of  the  liar  bemg  p&rBimonlofn] 
in  mendacity.  The  mmd  has  &  stomacli 
well  as  an  eve,  and  if  the  bolus  be  neat  fal 
hood,  it  will  be  rejected  like  an  overdose  <^J 
arsenic  which  does  not  kill. 

Let  the  jurymaii  ponder  these  tlungs, 
beware  how  he  lets  his  mind  lapse  into  a  con- 
clusion either  for  or  against  the  piiAonef. 
To  pej-forui  the  duties  of  ms  office,  so  that  the! 
days  which  he  spends  in  the  jury-lwjx  willj 
bear  retrospection,  hia  eye,  his  ears,  and  hii] 
intellect  must  be  ever  on  the  watch.  A^ 
witness  in  the  Ixjx,  and  the  same 
common  life,  are  different  creatures, 
to  give  evidence,  "he  doth  suffer  a  law  cii.j.nL; 
Sometimes  he  becomes  moi-e  truthful,  aa 
ought  to  do,  ]f  any  cliange  is  necessary  ; 
unhappily  this  is  not  always  so,  and  lea 
all  in  the  case  of  those  whose  testimony  is  ( 
renuired. 

1  remember  a  person,  whom  I  frequently | 
heaid  to  give  evidence  quite  out  of  harmony] 
with  the  facts,  but  I  shall  state  neither  his] 
name  nor  his  profusion.    A  gentleman  wIm 
knew  perfectly  well   the   umpidatable   d< 
nation  which  h\s  evidence  deserved,  told 
of  his  death.     I  ventureil  to  think  it  vm 
loss  which  might  be  home,  and  touched 
hia  infirmity,  to  which  my  friend  repli< 
perfect  sincerity  of  heart,  **  Well  f  afterl 
I  do  not  think  he  ever  told  a  falsehood  in 
lifii! — oiU  of  thi  icUntix  box  /  " 


L~ 


TWO  ADVENTURES  AT  SEA, 

Havtno  made  up  my  mind  to  sail 
Australia,  my  next  care  was  to  select  a 
Thev  were  not  so  plentiful,  so  puni-itual,  or  ^ 
much  puffed  as  they  are  now.  For  want 
knowing  any  better,  and  partly  from  a  diaUkel 
to  crowds  that  has  always  been  part  of  my' 
chai-acler,  and  pcrlmps  did  much  t<»^v4ird* 
making  me  happy  in  the  Bush  when  frteuda 
and  companions  of  the  siune  age  were  miser- 
able, I  took  a  passage  in  a  small,  fa.»*t-sailinff 
brig,  under  two  hundred  tons  burden,  which 
Wits  intended  to  be  sold  for  a  coaster  in  iht 
colony.  The  captain  was  ^oing  out  to  settle  ; 
he  took  his  wife  with  him,  but  1  was  the  only 
passenger.  Captains  on  shore,  and  captains 
at  sea  are  quite  different  creatures.  This  was 
one  of  the  old  school.  On  shore,  he  seemed 
like  a  jolly  fellow,  rough  and  good-natured^ 
at  sea,  he  was  a  perfect  brute,  got  drimk 
every  evening,  thrashed  Ids  wile,  and  ill-nsed 
his  men  j  but,  although  profoundly  ignorant 
on  most  subjects,  a  thorough  seaman. 

On  the  moitting  we  were  to  sail,  we  lay  in 
the  strtiam  of  the  Mersey,  blue  Peter  flying 
and  tmchor  tnpi^ed  ;  we  wjiited  for  the  captain 
and  mate  ao  long,  it  seemed  as  if  we  should 
miss  the  tide.     At  length  he  came,  as  fast  us 


^ 


TWO  ADVENTtmES  AT  SEA. 


J  0/1 


i»  jKiir  of  o(U*a  coiild  mill  him,  looking  very 
usid  tui|2T>* ;  tio  maii%  but  a  strange  man 
iiiiit^'  in  the  stem  sheets  iHiside  buii.  It 
Jdiineiti  the  mate  had  given  him  the  slip  at 
le  laBt  Tnumeut,  anil  he  hail  )»e«*u  oViligtid  to 
ijjjnge  the  straDj^er,  vith  veiy  littlo  enqiiirv. 
'lis  tu:in  was  a.  lanky  north  couikLry  miin, 
»»  J.  .ilU  pale  face,  without  wliiskcrs,  iv 
f  ill  immense  mouth,  blfick  yyti«, 

|uint,  ami  a  costim^e  of  seedy 
he  looked  much  more  like  a 
-ter  than  a  aailor.     He  carried 
;t*l  ol   »>ca-faring  clotliea  in   his  band, 
the  captain  had  been  obliged  to  buy 
at  the  neare?jt  slopshop.     He  })roug>it 
else,  but  a  truge  very  light  chest*  and 
iU',     But,  in  spite  of  hia 
^arance,  and  sliorc-going 
\i\  one©  recognised  him  as 

Indeed,  by  the  time  he 

^ and  loose  trowsers,  and 

fbrtnigiit  of  out*  fare,  if  he  did  not  grow 
»mer,  lie  seemed,   at  any  rate,  trans- 
Jed   into  the  atyle  of  man  that  attracts 
nuidtTH  of  npplause  in  a  minor  theatre  as  a 
At   lea^t,  that  wag  ray  im- 
aflcr  a  fortttight'f?  landsman's 
*  VI  '[u  Mij  derk  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay, 
"  not  "  in  mountains  rolling," 
I'lbpnx)!  ;  and  our  mate,  ]Vlr. 
'Q  verj'  much  improved 
vjiter,  taking  his  tiu'u  at 
*  old  salt  style," 
the  long  sea  voyage  half- 
iunl   have  come  to  the  same 
1  at  the  end  of  my  first — that 
ai  tj  \  :!  V  tyw  who  can  do  much  real  work 
h.     Ou  shore  it  is  very  eaay  to  prejKire 
■^e  of  study,  lay  in  a  st<jre 
1 1  when  once  you  get  into 
I  th  becomes  a  very  Caatle 
it  with   Bea-sicknesLS,  and 
IToH-^   voiir  recover}',  you 
!ti  luied  byeatinjf, 

^  .jj:,  reUeved  by 

'liuvci  or  pJ.wiiig  a  game  at  carrln. 
ttxceptioHF,  w*,  perhaps,  on  board  a 
icrc  ytjii  ran  -^'o  a^liorc  when  you 
but,  M   :i   ii.MirraJ    rule,  gossip   and 
ly-aiid-wrvtor  Aie  the  two  greAt  resources 
long  voyo^jv* — more  ghame  to  the  weak- 

>f  th*-   r,:i^^.T-...v>v. 

Tor  m\  lo  I  got  my  aea-lc^ 

hn^I    •^^     .  I    to   study,  for   the 

I  ikiH  wilf?  were  no  companions  to 
reati  my  atuie  of  book»)  twice  over, 
^ice  a  rope,  and,  after  a  fashion, 
iC  "«•  «t»***r  ;  Ii»m1  a  t;(X)d  deal  of  chat 
d      "  '  I  rds  became  one 

h,  but  the  end 
'        prejudice, 
the  mate, 
'  ■"■•'-'  who 
it  h(» 
,   11-   not 
I J  on  was  &  ncceflsity 
i  jubt  he  would  have 


Lnn  or  a 

lie! 


related  his  adventures  to  a  Black 
Police  officer,  sooner  than  remain  silent.  8o 
I  iL3ed  to  sit  smoking  in  the  evening,  and  far 
on  into  the  night,  while  he  murmured  away 
hia  adventures  in  his  strong  northern  buiT, 
like  a  talking  niount^iin  torrent. 

I  soon  found  that  my  companion  waa  a 
finished  scoundrel  up  to  the  chin,  in  every 
sort  of  rascahty.  On  shore  I  should  never 
have  spoken  to  him  twice :  at  sea  lie  wm» 
amufling.  He  ha<l  been  every^^here,  and 
in  evei*y  sort  of  cfftft,  according  to  his  o^ti 
account ;  had  had  money  and  Mved  in  qjeat 
style,  told  storiei?  of  whales,  slavers,  In*liamen 
and  pirates,  by  the  dozen.  He  early  conJidcd 
to  me  that  nothing  but  misfortune  woidd 
have  driven  him  to  engage  in  such  "  a  miser- 
able little  tub  of  a  ci^t,  imder  such  a  know- 
nothing  lubber  aa  Captain  Glum.  A  misfor- 
tuue,  Sir,  that  any  gentleman  might  have 
fallen  into." 

This  misfortune  he  presently  let  me  know, 
consisted  in  having  been  convicted  of  bigamy 
and  sentenced  to  two  years'  imprisonment. 
He  had  only  been  discharged  a  couple  of 
days,  when  he  joined  ua.  To  hear  him,  he 
was  a  victim, — just  one  of  those  heroic  vic- 
tims of  London  pasaiona  one  meets  with  hi 
French  and  German  novels.  He  ended  hi.'i 
story  by  saying, 

"  So  1  've  piud  the  penalty  ;  and  now  I  'm 
free,  and  next  time  I  shaJl  manage  better." 
For  alreai.ly  he  had  his  eye  on  a  tliird  wife. 
After  thi^i,  before  tuiming  in  for  that  night, 
he  begged  a  couple  of  shirts  of  me. 

A  lew  days  stifterwards  he  again  drew  me 
into  convet*sation,  saying, 

"  Excuse  me,  but  I  ^ve  been  thinking  what 
ft  pity  it  id  that  a  smart,  clever  young  gentle- 
man like  you,  should  go  to  bury  yourself  up 
in  the  linsh,  l:>eyond  Sydney  there.  I've 
been  uj)  there  myself,  once  ;  but  there  's  uo 
life,  no  fim,  nothing  suitable — nothing  go-a- 
head, aa  the  Yankees  say.  The  aea'a  the 
thing  for  a  man  of  spirit.'* 

'*f  thought  there  waa  very  little  to  he 
done  at  sea,  now-a-days.*' 

'*  No  more  there  is  in  the  old  jog-trot ;  but 
yon  have  behaved  very  much  Eke  the  gentle- 
man, and  I  don't  mind  telling  you  a  thing  or 
t  wo.  I  've  been  ui  a  whaler  hailing  from 
Sydney  ;  and  it  wasn't  wludefl  we  made  our 
money  by,  I  can  tell  you.  Tlie  time,  it  'a 
about  five  years ;  we  *d  been  out  four  months 
after  sperm  whale,  and  done  next  to  nothing. 
I  was  second  mate  ;  the  first  mate  waa  a 
Yankee,  and  the  e;iptaiu  was  A  native  Aus- 
traban.  The  crew  were  a  lot  of  all  sorts  and 
colours.  One  of  <<  i 
New  Zealander,  aii 
Hudson^s  Bay^.     Ivmi 


'rupoonera  was  a 
I.  hiUf-breed  from 
pi  one  seamen  among 
trusted  ashore.  AVefl 
nibbling  aboat  our  bad 
lera  are  manned  on  th© 


i(and  I 


them,  but  not  to  be 

there  was  a  regular 

luck  ;  for  you  see  wl 

'lay.*    No  wa^es,  every  man  baa  a  share  in 

the  take.     I  'd  noticed  the  captain  and   the 

mate  very  thick,  iawing  together  in  a  whispei 


106 


HOUSEHOLD  W0R1»S. 


up  and  down  the  qnarter-deck ;  »od  to  one 
day,  it  was  &  Suuday^  miDil.  tbe  oaD^m  slips 
into  the  cabin  mid  »oon  afler  aetiaft  for  me. 
Tliere  whb  be  with  the  sitiril-caiae  before  hiju, 
aiid  the  maHe  sitting  cheek  by  jowl.  '  Take  a 
Beitt.  A  slnsa  of  grog,  Mr.  CUnk  ;*  aays  be, 
ciiifce  civU,  &ud  the  mate  geta  up  and  shuts 
toe  door  ;  '  ht^lp  yourself ;'  ai»d  witlk  that  he 
aboitiiii  tlie  njim  ovor  to  tue, 'and  doti^l  spoil 
it  with  water.*  You  may  believe  I  dian't 
Wiiit  for  twice  askix^ ;  and  it  wa«  prime 
gtuir,  flurely  ;  slipped  down  oue*»  thr*>at  like 
new  milk.  '  Take  another/  says  he ;  and 
when  he  aaid  that,  I  knew  there  was  mi&- 
ohiof  up,  let  alone  hie  lj«iug  so  civil.  When 
I'd  d rawed  my  breath,  the  captain  began 
again — 

"'Bad  luck  «o  fer,  Mr  CHauk  ;  we  Bban'l 
lia^^u  much  to  tnke  home  far  our  wives  and 
flWeolheartSj  at  thia  rate.* 

"  'Wit  no/  says  I,  *  we  couldn't  have  been 
more  unlucky  i/  we  \1  bad  a  black  cat  or  a 
parson  aboard.^ 

** '  And  yet/  ptita  in  tbo  mat«,  *  tbere  'a 
better  thinga  than  whaled  to  be  found  in  these 
seas  sometimes  for  thone  that  have  the  pluck 
to  pick  tb(im  up  !  *  I  could  me  the  captain 
WMJS  watching  me  all  the  time. 

**  80  I  ajiswei-s,  rather  blow,  *  Well  I'm  game, 
nfl  long  lis  it  *fl  follow  my  leader.'  The  cnptain 
gives  a  deep  *  <?/*/  as  if  he  was  satiftfied,  and 
tuniiu|»  to  the  mate,  with  a  wink,  aaya,  '  Well 
I  think  we  may  pat  her  about/  and  «o  he 
oflfcrywl  hifl  box  of  Maaill.'ifl  Iti  take  my  choice, 
which  I  took  for  a  hint  to  baek  out. 

*'  That  night  we  shifted  our  counc  until  we 
got  right  Into  the  Strait«  of  Bnnda, 

"  Due  afternoon,  a  short  tinuo  after  this  ttdk 
in  the  cabin,  the  mute  cal'  nd  putv 

hiB  glafla  into  my  hand,  uiv  to  take 

tk  squint  at  sometldug  righi^  .i^.tva  on  our 
BtArnoard  bow. 

*' '  What  do  you  make  out  ?  *  saya  bp. 

" '  John  Chiniunan/  Ksiys  I,  '  a  regah*** 
^oidt'B  ark  j  one,  two,  three,  a  regular  fleet 
of  junka.* 

"  '  That  *8  juift  it/  «ayB  the  mate. '  thfane  are 
better  tbAD  sperm  whales.  That  8  the  Mon- 
ftoon  fleet  going  down  to  buy  ^oods  at  Singa- 
pore. There's  a  merchant  in  every  one  of 
ih<me  junks  with  a  mbin  like  a  parlour,  a 
repilar  ahop  all  to  hinMelC  He  has  his  eooda 
alf  nicely  packed  in  small  Wbckai;^,  and  his 
money  in  silver  ingots  and  do&rB  in  jam 
ranged  round  like  an  anothecary'a  9biO|> ;  la 
Aa  Moon  as  it  'a  duak,  I  think  we  must  go  and 
do  a  bit  of  trade  with  the  ^^inanian  * 

*"  I  dropped  down  in  a  minute.  You  loEiow, 
Sir,  I  wouVl  nc»t,  on  any  account,  have  done 
auythiag  ivc|;iunHt  Chrif<tiauB  like  ourselves, 
but  you  see  to  take  auv'tl  ing  from  tlieae 
Pagans,  with  their  Idol.?  and  tho  J*  Joss  Honuiea, 
wn:-  :  '  '  iliug  the  l^j'pliau — spoiling  the 
E^-.  1,"* 

;vi .  .  J  ..;.Laig  friend,  who  had  Iteen drinking 
all  the  time  at  my  exnense,  said  this  with  a 
sort  of  hypocritiod  suiiffle,  quite  indeacribable ; 


perhaps  be  was  afnud  of  S"m^  f  ha  fhr 

mc.     He  continneil,  "We  \ 

on  till  it  was  dnrk,  just  kt< 

in  view.     I  had  a  couple 

and  ^ome  picked  hatids,  a  I 

a  dozen  hfuidspikiaj  at  tlie 

under   a  sail.     Wr  Raid  n\ 

to  have  a  trad*'  "  ■  '•    '^ 

lights  of  the  jv 

by ;  we   did   it   : 

could  be.    The  first  junk  the  cnrw 

anleep   until    we    were   on    deck,   tl 

waa  a  be.'tvy  climb,  but   we   had  bouL* 

that  all  ready. 

"  The  mate  knew  whcr*' 
to  lie  found,  walked  strai 
Imt   three  kept  '    "  '- 

than  half  an  h' 
haLf'ft-doiten  buu.i--  ■•.  -.. 
flfiOond  jonk  we  bad    to  'v^ 

tbott^  generally  a  do^^en  v  p 

before  one  of  aur  «ort.     A  u 

a  very  good  night  of  it,  .n  u.i^ 

were  clean  out  of  sight  ;  smd  we  pUr^  i\al\ 
game  as  long  as  the  season  histcfi.  T*»f  ^mp 
were  very  well   Biitiafied  ;    we  i*  ii 

Americ^m  Porta,  and    gf»t    riil  .4 

knowing.    WlK*n  we  got 
my   shai^   was    bett<?r   tli 
ponuda.     I  don't  know  wLji.  u^v  ^j^LUi.  ^ 
to  the  ownem,  but  they  seemed   ven-  nrfl 
content  to  rtsk  no  qucstiona.** 

**  Why,  ^rood  heavens  !  **  I 
and  foolishly  exclaimed,  at  tli 
rascally  relation,  *Hhat  waa  r.*ir 

"  Oh  no,  Sir,  otdy  not  lik<-  i ' 
square-rigged  »hip ;  those  > 
Iowa,  with  their  pigtails,  w 
on  their  oathfl  ;   oidy    ; 

So  sajing,  be  took 
It  was  too  duHk  itndri    ' 
sail  for  me  t-o  ma  I  he  exju 
tenance,  or  ibr  him  to  see  ll..:.  ....  .........  .... 

montbtHl  his  pet  phnise  as  if  it  hndbeen 
answer  to  evtrrythln^'. 

Warming  with  the  grog,  ai> 
wliich  he  took  for  coiiatmt.  he  i 
"Why,  Sir,  tliat  s  nuthing  to  M,iuJL  ,1  iiuiA 
of  mine  did  to  get  a  cur^n  r^f  Fi-»mhd-woaL 
You  Hee  he  was  master  of  n  i.tHmer  b 

the   sandal   wood   trade— 1  -irtcrb^ 

trade  with  the*  S+Jutli   '  vrhc»  xr« 

most   of  them  fierce  jumr  .tf 

them  canjiibals.     He    .  .^  -^^tj 

well  and  went  into  [trirt  '  Iv  of 

airticles  for  bart4?r,  and  )i  ,         ,    ^vd 

spree  he  did,  to  that  extent  that  he  not  oi4y 
spent  all  his  money,  but,  when  be  came  to  mr 
sober,  he  found  he  had  married  a  \ns9  thai  hi 
certainly  would  not  have  chosen  if  he  had 
known  it ;  a  regubr  vixen,  above  five  fe-et  Ua^ 
with  a  colour  like  a  rose,  an<l  a  lot  of  &2r 
hair  Uiat  huns  to  her  waist  nearly ;  a  real 
beauty ;  but  when  her  back  waa  np,  and  that 
wsjB  aVx>ut  twice  a  day,  she  *d  smaah  eveir- 
thing  and  everybody  near.  Well,  here  was  a 
pretty  ooDoem,  his  money  spent  and  a 


TWO  ADYENTCTRES  AT  SEA. 


107 


oil  his  luwdii  tb&t  would  run  him  iti  more 
dtibt  in  A  mootU  tlmo  be  eoatd  pay  off  in  a 
year*  However,  it  wns  done ;  he  could  not 
give  up  the  i>ort,  it  wn*  too  {irofitabie  ;  so  ha 
V'        '     I  ij  cAse  over  ddmly,  &iid  »ood  uiAde 

'^'  '1   his  wKb  to  go  to  sea  for  a 

h  ake  W1U  vei-y  wiUing  to  do. 

t^eks  «he'd  given  the  capt^n 

ttud  brt»d  a  lantiny.   The  men  came 

i^Ved  on  tlie  lady  b*?iug  put  aab'^re  ; 

however  my  friend  managed  to  paciff  them. 

"  At  length  thev  roached  the  Sandal  Wood 
IblAnd  and  Kiiig  Settle  came  on  board  ;  an 
Indiriu  king,  bo  called  because  he  had  made 
a  crttwn  of  a  bright  copper  kettle.  The 
cnptoiu   pr^einted  him   with   ti  second-hand 

<*•■(■ '■  -  -  *>t.  beAldcs  other  valuables,  and 

to  his  wifti,  who  divided  the 
i       .  Mtion  with  the   coat  ;  he  liad 

n<>ver  seen  any  white  woman  but  on  old  one 
befure, 

*'The  captain  wejit  on  shore  with  King 
Kcttiii,  and  thtt  next  day  without  the  usuiS 
deliVR,  the  luttivea  bemui  bringing:  a  cargo  of 
KiudVl  wood  down  to  tlie  bea<.:li  ;  thc\  L'ot.  the 
t^Ui^al  lot  I  evtir  saw  ;  when  it  was  loaded, 
King  Kettle  invittni  the  captain  and  hia  lady 

1 .J.  ....  fr,  a  feast  and  dunce.     T  will  aay 

e  was  afndd  of  nothing  ;  the 

iJl  the  crew,  recommeiids  her 

not  to  gOf  and  that  makes  her  positive  Uiat  ahe 

woulii.    Bhi;  put*  on  a  %ht  green  satin  dreea 

witli  rea,  scarlet  satin  turban  with 

tat  V  her,  all  her  hair  hangii^  in 

curls  down  her  Wk,  and  a  pair  of  pocket 

pistoU  in  her  ttelt^    She  looked  so  grand,  for 

all  thi*  CTCW  w«'  ■  with  her  goings  on, 

they  gave  her  •  n  when  she  stepped 

•"' T;un   came  back 

^  ifo  would  stop, 

:    body  but  one 

tor   arming  a  boat, 

At  any  lute,  they 

kIioi   and  made  sail,  for  it  was  a  place 

m^^^\'  titan  one   gljip's   company  had 

HoT**ever,  there  were  people 

it  ho  sold  his  wife  to  Kiu^ 

'  ipua  cai-^'o  of  sandal-wood  ;    and 

Ive  montliH  aft^r,  newij  came  that 

'■     '''^^  ^'  ^  lipping  hid  white  wife 

'  patieiice  exhausted 

1  ,  uqI  only   killed  but 

eaten   her,  according  to  the  custom  of  the 

count r}' :  my   fi'leiuT'*  only  remark  was  an 

of  woDfier  vhettier  he    digested 

luse,'    says   he,  *if  he   did,  King 

only  person    abd    ever   couS 


)v. 


•w,  who  wtis 
V  heeded  him. 


the 


up.     W 
halktw 


•li     ;,t.     1-^ 


' '      nie  finished  me 

Ut  aud  a  very 

j^       !•  »  dige^iou,  1 

tttrn»"*l   111'.  ;rt^'!].  •   r'l,-.-;   J..;i,].-1  my  pistols  and 

put  l!i.  ::.  :;i.  '•  ,  i,, -,  ;,  ,;.,vi, ,      \|v  .b-...',tn<  wcre 

■  liL   'r  v.,.,r.,  .  odd 

■        ■  >  11,   11  .Lij-.plair, ■  I.         ■  ■!  L^ienJy 

i'loiu  ihe  uaLui  security  of  civiU^attoa  to  the 


middle  of  th«  jcean,  boond  uy  in  Um  spHAe  ot 
a  few  squaie  feet,  oertidnly  without  a  friend, 
and  probably  with  a  felon< 

I  wa&  awakened  by  a  fearful  cry,  and  rushed 
upon  deck  at  the  same  time  as  the  captain. 
Tnere  was  a  large  idaip  bearing  right  down 
upt»n  UH,  the  man  at  the  wheel  in  his  fright 
threw  the  brig  up  into  the  wind. 

"  Starboard,"  roared  the  captain  to  the 
stranger  ship,  snatching  np  a  speaking 
trumpet.  "  StarlMjard"  we  all  shrieked  in 
choma,  the  shrill  voice  of  the  captain's  wife 
above  all.  Through  the  moonlight  I  saw 
somctliing  white  dash  at  the  wheel  of  the 
sttauger,  aud  Just  aa  her  bowsprit  was  over  us 
she  paid  slowly  off,  and  pa«t  us,  grinding  along 
our  stem  with  a  soimd  that  chilled  me  to  my 
heart.  We  were  saved.  Tb-^  .-int-Mfi'a  wife 
I  fell  on  her  knees  and  retnmtM  r  our 

jwondcrl'u]  escape;  most  of  u  1  her 

example,  but  ^^en  Uie  mate,  who  had  been 
lying  in  a  drunken  sleep  on  deck,  came  up 
rubbing  his  eyes,  the  captidn  auatched  up  & 
handspike  and  knocked  hmi  down ;  the  mate 
junlpt^d  and  Dew  on  him  like  a  tiger,  but 
the  crew  were  too  quick  for  him  and  got  him 
down  ;  lu  the  mean  time  the  captain  had  run 
for  his  pistols,  but  after  a  great  row  the  mate 
went  forward,  and  we  all  coiled  down  again 
in  our  berths. 

A  few  days  ailerwarda,  the  water  turned 
bftd.  The  owners^  to  save  money,  had  given 
us  half-cleansed  beer-boirelB,  so  It  wiia  decided 
to  put  into  Bio  de  JaoeiiH:i.  After  the 
running-down  night,  the  mate  had  been  dis- 
rated, and  sent  fonsard  among  the  men,  for  it 
was  his  watch,  and  it  seemed  as  if  the  watche« 
in  bfjth  vessels  bad  been  asleep.  Frtmj  that 
time  he  was  never  sober.  He  nad  found  out 
the  way  to  bore  a  hole  m  a  cask  of  nmi,  and 
suck  at  it  through  a  thin  bamboo  tube  every 
evening  at  dusk. 

I  was  sitting  one  morning  reading  Don 
Quixote  for  the  second  time,  wneu  Clank  came 
with  a  piece  of  wood  in  his  hand,  and  asked 
me  to  lend  him  a  large  case-knife,  that,  among 
other  foolish  thinga  stuck  into  emigrants,  I 
had  purchased  for  my  outfit,  I  hnuded  il  to 
him  without  a  word;  he  went  stiiL*  V'  '  ''  >* 
grindstone  and  bcijau  to  aharijeu  it. 
cried  impudent  Bttle  Duds,  the  ...,....>, 
"are  you  going  to  kill  a  pig  this  morning;  I  A 
bit  of  freda  meat  woidd  be  a  tre?;t.'*  "  You 
shall  have  fresh  meat  enough  in  five  minutes,*' 
was  the  answer.  "I'm  going  to  cut  that 
Infernal  captain's  Hver  out  I  **  and  with  that 
he  si>rang  at  the  captain,  who  wjia  just  coming 
on  deck.  As  Inck  would  have  it,  one  of  the 
men,  a  sharp  fellow,  was  condng  aft,  with  a 
handspike.  In  an  instant  he  threw  it  ao 
cleverly,  it  took  the  mate  between  the  legs 
and  flung  hiui  flat ;  the  knife  flew  out  of  his 
hand  overix>aixl,  his  head  striking  the  captain 
in  the  middle  of  his  fat  paunch,  upset  him. 
Two  or  three  of  us  jumped  on  top  of  the 
mate,  who  b*3gr\n  to  howl  like  a  demon,  and 
no  wonder ;  lor»  in  my  anxiety  to  keep  him 


^ 


down,  I  never  thought  of  the  cigar  in  my 
iiioMlli,  and  all  the  time  the  crow  were?  nmkin;^ 
A  tftrt'ead  eagle  of  liim,  I  wiis  Imming  a  hole 
ui  uie  back  of  his  neck  with  the  red  end  of  it. 

We  ina/le  Jiiin  hnrd  and  fast,  for  he  was 
raving  mad  with  d^firimn  trt^frwnjt.  To  coid 
him,  every  time  the  watch  wiw  called,  the 
cnptain  Imd  n  bucket  or  two  of  Bait  water 
tliroT^Ti  over  him. 

Four  days  before  we  rcRched  Rio,  a  low, 
lon^,  black  schooner  hailetl  and  asked  very 
aiixiouBly  for  news  fi-om  Eiuope.  They  sent 
a  boat  aboard  us,  and  we  all  fully  thought  we 
were  in  for  a  regular  clearance.  Tlie  officer 
in  eommand,  a  olack-bearded,  neat-looking 
little  fellow,  epoke  broken  English  witli  a 
French  accent.  Whether  it  wtm  that  they 
were  only  alavei's,  or  that  we  were  not  worth 
robbing,  or  that  they  bad  better  btnniness  on 
liund ;  after  accepting  a  file  of  newspapers,  and 
asking  me  C8y>ecially,  a.s  I  spoke  French,  what 
news  from  France,  thej'^  were  about  to  depart, 
when  t)ie  officer'*  eyes'  fell  upon  our  prisoner 
in  chains. 

With  a  start,  and  a  French  oath,  he  ex- 
claimed, "T'icn  eeat  toi,  Monsieur  Loiiche, 
tpie  diable  fait-tii  ioi?" 

Tlicn  followed  a  wlii.>4pering,  which  ended 
by  the  Frenchman  coolly  aaylng  to  the  captain, 
"  Dw  ia  a  fni'iitl  nf  ndue  ;  I  vil  save  yo\i  de 
trouble  of  taking  him  any  more/'  With  that 
they  hurrierl  into  theu*  l>oatt  and  in  a  t*ew 
minutes  we  had  seen  the  last  of  the  Dominie, 
ftfl  a  Scotch  sailor  had  named  him. 

Yearsi  pasBed  before  we  met  again. 

THE  rVVO  TREES. 

I  SAW  two  trees.    Tl»e  one  wna  fair  and  high. 

And  threw  its  leafy  branchea  roand  it  wide ; 
So  perfect  was  its  filiapo,  that  ov'n  the  sky 

Bt»eincd  proud  to  have  that  space  tUuii  occupied  : 
Yet  was  it  noUow ;  all  its  heait.  wm  gone ; 
But  yoar  by  year  it  swell'd  and  ttourifih'd  on. 

The  other  was  by  grandeur  bo  untnxLrk'd, 

Tliiit  it  wis  acaros  distinguish 'd  whem  it  Rtood 

With  many  more — somotimo  before  inip^u-k'd 
From  the  lui»t  vertigo  of  an  ancient  wood — 

But  though  braall  glorj'  clotbod  it  os  it  grow. 

Its  heart  was  to  the  core  Btiil  sound  and  true. 

And  AB  it  plcaHod  the  lord  of  that  domain 
At  length  to  try  the  truth  of  those  two  oaks, 

The  proud  one  with  a  few  sbarp  clefts  was  Klain  ; 
The  humble  one  sustained  a  thousand  strokes ; 

And  when  at  length  at  eveutide  it  fell, 

A  nobler  fall  was  not  in  uU  the  dull. 

Tbe  proud  oue,  yielding  little  but  its  dreaj, 
Was  left  upon  the  spot  to  rot  away ; 

The  humble  one  lived  still — in  uso  to  bless, 
Tn  ornament  to  chana,  from  day  to  day^ — 

Transfcnr'd  into  the  mansion's  fitirost  roomi 

Whei'o  Genius  flings  round  Art  itamortal  bloonu 

Also  I  knew  two  men,  like  those  two  trce^i : 
The  one  was  in  profeasion  grfsat  and  high^ 

And  scoru'd  the  other,  who  could  not  so  please 
^^'ith  much  display  the  HuperficiaJ  eye. 

ViTio  docs  not  see  how  mock  tnie  worth  may  stand, 

Wliilst  great  pretence  would  cumber  all  the  landT , 


For  he  (the  humbler)  powerful  was,  but  n\ilil- 
Teacher  of  teachers,  strong,  profottild,  but  clear ; 

Uuoftcatatious  as  a  K'  '      '    '  ', 
Yet  in  sagacity  an  r  * 

And  thotigh  hiH  day>  \    .^  ....   n  public  spent. 

He  gave  o^'ain,  through  man,  what  God  had  leut 

And  while  an  epitaph  upon  a  wall, 
WTiich  many  criticise,  but  few  believe. 

Now  of  the  faded  PhariBee  tells  all — 

KjEcepting  what  he  did  to  make  ua  gnevc — 

His  aeighbour's  uses  dwell  in  Wisdom's  hearty 

jVnd  imbo  all  his  race  their  good  import. 


PBOTECTED  CRADLES. 

When  the  child  of  the  Lancashire  or  York- 
shire ojierative  first  sees  the  litrht,  it  is  aj?!«viled 
by  every  pofisible  dinadvit  ^  ►'  >t  can  stunt 
its  growth  and  enfeeble  m  ' .    It  ih  dis- 

armed for  the  battle  of  In  -.  ihroihold  of 
existence,— its  liniVis  are  palsied  liy  ilrugs,  and 
deformed  by  ca.rele3s  nursing,  sona-tLmeB  by 
crimimd  nursing.  The  expense  of  providing 
for  her  family  drives  the  mother  to  the 
factory,  and  learla  to  tlie  employment  of  an 
ignorant  hireling  nurse,  wh<>,  to  wtrn  the 
pittance  with  a  minimum  of  ■  c     '  *  s 

to  the  chemist's  shop,  and  pu)  s 

CordiaL  With  this  notable  mu\i  um  -u« 
rt-'turns  to  her  charge,  stttjtitio."*  it,  and  no  rai-na 
''  peace  and  qiiietneay,*'  ftra^iually  nhe  f\in\s 
that  the  Cordial  has  not  the  nil  ctfect, — that 
it  is  not  strong  enough  ;  to  remedy  this,  she 
adds  a  little  lauduuuin,  or,  nmyhap,  some 
cnide  opium,  to  the  mixture,  antl  a;?«tn  is  her 
charge  as  quiet,  almost,  as  death,  s;  ^^ 

her  miraery  ;  "takes  cni-o  of,"  perl  t 

or  nine  infanta,  and  becomes  a  goo<t  cil^n  hht 
to  her  neighbour,  the  chemist. 

Indisputable  facts  prove  the  extent  to  which 
this  system  is  adopted.  Walking  about  Man- 
cheJ^tor  and  Biruiingham,  advertisements  of 
"  Mothers'  quietness,"  '*  Soothing  SjTup," 
arrest  the  attention  at  evety  turn.  It  is  easy 
to  perceive  that  the  druggists  are  cbivinga 
go(Kl  ti-atle— that  the  nuiet  homes  of  the  pool- 
reek  with  narcotics.  The  Eeport  of  the  Board 
of  TIcalth  fnniishes  some  appalling  facts  on 
this  head.  In  Preston,  twenty-one  druggisfci 
sold,  within  the  space  of  one  week,  no  less  i% 
quantity  than  sixty-eight  pounds  of  narcoticai, 
nearly  ail  of  which  were  for  the  use  of  chil- 
dren ;  and  the  calculation  of  the  quantity  of 
Godfi^y'a  Corfial  sold  in  Preston,  gave  a 
weekly  allowance  of  half  an  ounce  to  each 
family !  Genemlly,  Godfrey's  Cordial  is  mixed 
in  the  proportion  of  one  ounce  and  a  half  of 
pure  laudanum  to  the  quart,,  and  the  stronger 
it  ia  the  faster  it  is  sold.  It  may  be  had  at 
public-houses  and  gener;^  ;is  well  aa 

at  druggists' ;  and  on  m  he  people 

fi'om  the  surrounding  nci«4iiiMni! noods  regu- 
hirly  provide  themselves  with  this  "  mother's 
comfort,"  .IS  they  purchase  other  houaehold 
provision,^.  AWjut  two  thousand  gallons  of 
Goilfrey's  Cordial  are  sold  in  Manchester 
(done  every  year.   .Mr.  F.  C.  Calvwi,  »t  t 


4 


I 


PROTECTED  CRADLES. 


109 


rectifit  meeting  at  Manolieistcir,  stated  tliat  in 
one  chemist ^5  ishop  m  Deansgal*,  two  htmdreHi 
wid  fifty  gatlotis  wer©  stdd  lu  the  course  of  a 
yeKtf  the  same  quantity  in  a  shon,  one  hun*ii*ed 
g|dloiitt  per  annum  in  another,  the  same  q\ian- 
Ijtv  in  a  abop  in  Hulme,  and  twenty-five 
fifailons  cadi  in  two  shops  in  Chorlton-on- 
^♦idliKrk- 

l*hcse  nurae^  to  whom  the  childi'en  of  the 
fiictory  people  are  entmated,  are  either  lauD- 
di-easefi  or  superannuated  crones.  The  more 
they  drug  the  children  entnistetl  to  them,  the 
iJTrvat^LT  n\imbcr  they  can  undertake  to  mani^e. 
This  consideration  act*  as  a  powerfid  incentive 
to  drug. 

Thiit  wholesale  death  is  the  result,  is  fully 
prove4l.  Among  the  genti^  in  Preston,  for 
instance,  tlie  avei"age  number  of  deiitha  of 
children  under  live  years  old  was  seventeen 
p*r  cent, ;  among  tradesmen,  about  thirty- 
eight  per  cent. :  and  among  operativea  fif^y-tive 
per  o-'tit  Of  every  one  hundred  children  bom 
among  the  gentry,  ninety-one  reach  theii*  fii-st 
year ;  eighty  among  the  trading  classes  ;  and 
sixtviiignt  among  the  operatives.  The  vital 
statiHtic^  of  l*rei4ton  for  six  years  show  that 
no  leas  than  three  thousand  and  thirty-four 
children  were  swept  away  before  the}^  had 
attji"  '  "  i  fifth  year,  who,  had  they  been 
the  f  wealthy  paj"ent«,  would  liavc 

survi,,_  ^  ,.-...,  jferiod  of  their  childho^Kh 

But,  of  all  the  localities  epeeitied  in  the 
return  of  the  Boar«i  of  Health,  ABhton  is 
the  nn>st  fiicn^L  The  proportion  of  infant 
deaths  in  thia  Godfi-ev's  stronghold  ia  thirty- 
four  per  cent.  In  I^fottingham  it  is  thirty- 
three  per  cent. ;  in  Maneuester,  thirty-two 
pCT  cunt. ;  Bolton,  thirty-one  j>er  cent, ;  Lei- 
eester,  Salford,  and  Liverpool,  thirty  per 
oent*  These  towna  may  be  chissed  as  the 
heAd-<)uarter8of  factory  labour — the  localities 

whe--    ^i,..r^  ni^e  away  from  their  children 

iroui  J t  after  nightfall.     In  London 

the   J     ,  li  of  infant  deaths   is  twenty- 

ihrm  per  cent. ;  in  Pl>Tuouth,  twenty-one  per 
cent. ;  and  in  Both,  Shrewsbuiy,  and  Reading, 
twenty-one  per  cent.  In  these  places  mothers 
generally  atiend  to  their  own  otTspring.  A 
v.i8t  proportion  of  the  mortality  in  Alau- 
cbetiter  19  that  of  children  under  the  age  to 
hibtjur  in  the  mills.  More  than  fort^'-eight 
per  cent,  of  the  deaths  in  Manchester  are 
thofse  of  sufferers  under  the  age  of  five  yeaw  ; 
and  more  than  fifty -five  per  cent,  are  under 
the  api  of  ten  years ;  while  in  the  aggre- 
gate of  purely  rural  districts  the  proportion 
la  not  more  than  thirty-three  per  cent.  Dr. 
Charlea  Bell,  in  tho  course  of  a  speech  deli- 
vered in  Manchester,  at  a  meet'uig  convene*! 
to  consider  the  propriety  of  establishing  Bay 
Nurseries  in  that  town,  stated,  that "  tfiirty- 
eight  p^r  cent  of  poor  children  died,  who 
would  not  die  if  they  were  properly  attended 
to."  Mr.  Clay's  inveatigation-S  showed,  tliat, 
out  of  about  eight  hundred  famUies  of  nmr- 
ried  men  employed  in  the  millB  of  Preston^ 
Uie  children  living  in  each  family  averaged  I 


27,  dead,  1*0;  an/1  that  seventy-aix  out  of 
every  hundred  had  died  under  five  years  of 
age.  Yet  this  calculation  does  not  ffive  us  a  full 
conception  of  the  mvages  which  death  makea 
amongst  the  children  of  the  p«x»r ;  inafimuch 
as  the  investigator  declare-a,  that,  of  the  eight 
hundred  families  he  examined,  only  one  hun- 
dred and  thirty-three  mothers  appeared  to  be 
working. 

We  have  adduced  sufiicient  evidence,  how- 
ever, to  prove  two  important  facta  ;  namely, 
that  an  extensive  system  of  careless  nui-aing 
and  criminal  drugging  is  puj'sued  in  the  manu- 
facturlng  towns  of  Eaiglaiid,  and  that,  amouj^t 
those  classeii  by  whuiu  this  system  is  carried 
on,  the  rate  of  mortality  is  thirty-eight  per 
cent-  higher  than  amongst  those  clasat^  where 
children  are  properly  clothed,  fed,  and  cared 
for.  Absence  of  samitory  precautions,  in- 
«utficient  food,  and,  in  many  cases,  the  nulure 
of  thi'ir  employment,  increase  the  mte  of  mor- 
tality amongst  the  ai'tisan  claisiea  ;  but  tliese, 
it  would  uppeiir,  from  the  maas  of  authentic 
evidence  wliich  liea  before  ua,  are  inlluencea 
of  minor  Lm[>Qrtance  when  taken  in  relation 
to  the  streams  of  laudanum  and  aniseed  which 
stupify  their  childhood.  Much  baa  been 
litely  written  on  the  degeneration  of  race  in 
our  manufacturing  towua.  Many  writers 
have  phtcal  thia  physical  decline  to  the 
account  of  the  loom  ;  but  it  ia  fair  to  inter- 
pose the  drugs  upon  which  weavera  are 
suckled.  It  ia  reasonable  to  attribute  the 
atunted  forma,  the  bloodlew  cheeks,  the 
nerveless  limbs,  which  are  to  be  met  in  the 
^eat  factories  of  England  and  France,  to  the 
torsaken  cradle  rather  than  to  the  labour  of 
the  workshop.  Mr.  John  Gi-eg  Harrison,  one 
of  the  factory  medical-inspectors,  thus  de- 
scribes the  effect  of  the  drugging  system  : — 

"  The  consequences  pi"oduced  by  the  system 
of  tirugging  fhildren,  are,  suffusion  of  the 
bmin,  and  an  t?x tensive  train  of  meaent^'ric 
and  gkmdular  diseases.  The  child  sinks  *mto 
a  low  torpid  state,  wastes  away  to  a  skeleton 
except  the  atomacK  producing  what  is  known 
as  pot-belly.  If  the  children  survive  this 
treatment,  they  are  often  weakly  and  stunted 
for  life.  To  tliis  drugging  ayatem,  and  to 
defective  uuraing  its  certain  concomitant,  and 
not  to  any  fatm  effect  inherent  in  factory 
labour,  the  great  infant  mortality  of  cotton 
towns  must  be  ascribed." 

Those  who  regard  the  rapid  increase  of  tho 
population  with  dismay,  and  ai'e  prone  to 
foaier  any  system  whicli  tends  to  diminish 
the  great  circle  of  tho  human  family,  will 
perha|)3  be  inclined  to  throw  a  veil  Ij^efore  this 
child-fihiughter,  and  to  let  the  deadly  system 
effect  an  ext^imve  emi^*ation  of  souls  fix>m 
this  world  ;  but  to  those  whose  human 
sympathies  are  quickened  at  a  tale  of  grievous 
Boeial  wrong  committed  upon  helpless  child- 
hood, who  .acknowledge  fully  the  sanctity  of 
life — that  life  ia  to  l>e  cared  for  before  all 
other  human  considerations — the  drugKing 
syatem,  of  which  we  have  faintly  sketched  an 


I 


«0 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


I 


I 


ouOiDe,  will  appear  as  an  c'vll  aiid  »  ]niVjlic 
BtigniiL,  to  be  removed  at  any  nrfc  or  ct>9t. 

A&  it  is  iinposHible,  in  the  present  Rtat<  of 
thingH,  to  remove  the  mother  from  the  factoiy. 
tlic  point  to  whicii  att>ention  must  be  conceti- 
tTHt^il,  IB  to  the  means  of  providing  tht*  safest 
ciisttjdly  for  her  Infant  during  her  absence. 
The  B^>licitude  with  which  niat^iriial  duties 
are  dischai^ed,  cannot  perhaps  bo  hired  at 
any  coet  from  a  etranper  ;  yet,  aa  we  shall 
ahow,  a  well  regnlatW  system  of  nursing, 
under  scientific  and  other  responnible  supei^ 
vinion,  may  supply  all  the  physical  requisite© 
of  which  infancy  stands  in  need.  Motherly 
tenrlenierjS  cannot,  perhaf>9,  be  guaniuteed  at 
Bo  much  per  khis»  but  a  judicious  selection  of 
expcrieno«l  and  well-diBpORcd  nureea,  under 
the  control  of  ladies*  comraitteea,  may  be 
saft^ly  relied  upon  to  provide  all  that  ih 
^WHitively  necessary  to  the  health  of  uncon- 
Aciou«i  infancy. 

Home  few  yean  ago,  M.  Marbean,  who  i» 
known  to  jiolltical  etu dents  aa  the  anthor  of 
various  worku  on  jxilitical  economy,  wna 
employed  by  the  civil  anthorities  of  France 
to  rejK'rt  on  the  state  of  the  infant  schools  of 
Paris.  He  pursued  hi«  investigations  with 
enthusiasm.  He  saw  how  well  the  state  pro- 
Yided  for  children  from  two  to  six  years  old  ; 
how  admirably  the  primiiLTV  schools  for  more 
tuivanced  chihlreu  worketf,  and  finally  the 
national  gratuitous  atlult  classes  abounded, 
where  the  jioorest — ^the  pauper  and  the  work- 
man— might  acquire  Bomid  and  in\'igorating 
knowledge. 

tfiiia  admirable  machiners*  gtmck  him,  how- 
ever, aa  being  easentially  and  rjulically  de- 
fective. It  provided  lor  the  mental  growth 
of  children  above  two  years  old  ;  but  where 
w;i«  the  provision  for  the  firat  tvo  years  of 
exifrtenco  1  In  whose  hands  were  the  infants 
of  thos*^  poor  women  who  were  employed  from 
home  throughout  the  day  1  His  investiga- 
tions into  this  matter,  diacloRed  a  system  of 
infant  training  that  sufficiently  accovinted  for 
the  Iftj-ge  proi>ortion  of  deaths  amongst  the 
children  of  th*e  poor.  He  forthwith  suteiitted 
to  the  authorities  a  schemo  for  the  establish- 
ment of  criehes  (or  cribs)  in  the  different 
BuburVjfl  of  Paris.  These  institntions  were  to 
be  Dny-Nurseriesi  for  the  chiMren  of  the  7>oor. 
With  the  help  of  a  few  charitalily-tlispoaed 
uidtvkluols,  M.  >farbeau  opened  the  first 
public  cr^he.  which  he  dcscniies  in  hta  work 
on  the  Bubject : — * 

"  The  superior  of  the  So?nrs  de  la  Sagesse 
provided,  noar  the  house  of  refuge,  which  is 
under  her  care,  a  very  hnrabJe  place,  but 
which  sufficed  lor  our  first  attempt.  This 
place  was  pot  at  our  disposal  on  the  8th,  tuid 
oti  the  18th  of  November  our  troche  was 
opened.  Tts  funiitnre  consisted  of  a  very 
few  chMTS,  some  baby  chain*,  a  cnjcifix,  and  k 
framed  copy  of  the  ruled  of  the  establishment. 
The  cost  of  its  fitting  np  was  barely  three  hun- 

*  Wo  quote  Uio  pft«Mi£«  M  trv  tiWtl  11  traiuvULtMl,  \}j  a  Udy, 


dred  and  sixty  franca  (nearly  fifteen  poundflr). 
At  first  there  were  but  eight  cradles;  but 
charity  ^ocm  furnished  meana  BufiSdent  for 
twelve  ;  and  Unen  was  plentifaUy  eapplied, 

"  The  finperin tending  eomixuttee  cnose  two 
nurses  amongst  the  pool*  women  out  of  work; 
both  were  mothers,  snd  worthy  the  confidence 
of  other  mothers.  Agreeably  to  the  rul^ 
laid  down,  the  committee  refosed  to  admit 
any  other  children  but  those  whose  mothers 
were  poor,  well  conducted,  and  who  had  work 
at  a  distance  from  their  own  homes.  At  first 
there  were  scarcely  twelve  children,  but  thie 
number  waa  soon  exceeded.  When  the 
CWclie  St.  Louis  d'Antin  wfia  opened^  there 
was  not  one  single  child  registered  there ;  a 
week  afterwards  there  were  oz  cuudidatea, 
and  a  month  aiter  that,  eighteen.  They  were 
obliged  to  enl:irge  it.  There  can  be  nothing 
more  interesting,  tluin  tlie  ait'^''  "•'  ^^^^  little 
criche  between  two  and  thr-  when 

the  mothers  come  wid  eucki  njdreii 

for  the  second  time  in  the  day  ;  they  seem  ao 
pleased  to  embrace  their  little  ones,  to  rest 
firom  their  work,  and  to  liless  the  institution 
which  proeares  them  so  many  benefits.  One 
of  them  used  to  pay  seventy-five  centimes 
(sevenponoc-halfpcnnv)  a  day — half  her  own 

earnings — and  tne  ciild  was  bad? -'  rl 

to  ;  she   now  only  i>ays  twenty  ), 

and  he  aa  well  taken  care  of  aa  thv  ^ . —  w.  :i 
rich  man.  Another  kept  her  little  Ix^y,  eiirbt 
years  old,  from  school,  to  look  after  tlie  luaby, 
and  now  he  ia  able  to  attend  school  regularly. 
Another  ia  pleased  to  tell  you  that  her  hu** 
band  has  become  leas  bnital  since  she  ]iaid 
ten  Hous  less  for  her  child — ten  aotis  a  A'd^y 
make  such  a  difference  in  a  ynjor  fumily. 

"  There  is  another,  who  wjis  only  n  mfiiied 
a  fortnight  ago,  suckling  her  new-born  child. 
She  ifl  askeonow  abe  would  have  done  with- 
out the  crichc  f 

" '  Ah  !  Sir,  it  would  have  been  m  it  vrns 
with  his  poor  brother.  I  sell  apple?*,  him]  can 
scarcely  earn  fifteen  sous  a  day  ;   i  t 

spare  fourteen   to   have    hiiy    l  r, 

I'oor  Utile  fellow!  he  died  when  hi  s,  li m- 
teen  months  old,  from  want  of  can  <  !  Sir, 
my  little  angel  would  have  Vjeen  a, 

if  there  had  been  a  criche  six  mr  i 

M.  Marbean^B  experiment  I      '  d 

in   variona   parts  of  Fraud  , 

with  uniform  imoc^as.  In  1 
nuraerifii  open  every  morning  ;i  h  I  ;  ^  '  \c^, 
and  dose  every  evening  at  li.«h  |«,.  t  -  i-iit— 
that  IB,  they  open  hwf-an-hour  before  the 
time  at  which  work  is  usually  commenced  in 
Paria,  and  dose  half-an-hour  after  the  time 
at  which  work  is  generally  over  for  the 
<Uiy.  The  children  arc  required  to  be  under 
two  years  of  age,  arid  the  ofEspring  of  poor 
and  well  conducted  parenia.  No  child  is 
admitted  till  h  haa  been  vacdnated,  or  while 
it  is  ill.  Tliis  latt«r  cause  of  exclusion  de- 
clares the  infancy  of  the  institution.  Day- 
ntirseries  without  an  infirmary  or  faick  ward 
attached  to  them,  can  be  calj  a  partial  boon 


I 


PBOTECrTED  CRADLES. 


Ill 


!oua  poor.     The  motlier  bringa 

r!y   wrajjt   up   and   provided 

1  'y  ;  crtteuds  piujctuully  at 

suckle  h^  jujj  fetches  it 

i«e  inflititutiun  in  the  even- 

dtl   by  the   mothers  ymr 

.  .^  lwoj]»enc'e,  and  tiireepeuce 

for  i  ''iL     I'he   nuraes  are  apjhjinted 

:tn.J  '  tlu  lady  mnnttgfi"s.    The  room 

>  I  i  and  the  diet  stud  other 

ijider  the  inuiiediate  direc- 

lunj  I  \  unpointed   mt,*dical  men  rmd 

lady  ^      In  most  of  these  niii-serits 

tlieV*:  in  a.  iiuiltre^  in  the  middle  of  the  chief 

ApArtment.  wbt^re  the  childivu  can  be  laid  at 

•         '    '      f.  ly.     At  the  pre«eut 

-Ive  of  these  useful 

■i},r..i,,'l...,.r    Paris. 

Li  was 

ijr'7i'.'>        ,  ,  Ms^  the 

wumbcr  of  chiidi^u  iu  wiiich  av«rug»*<i  li'om 

Iwriitv  f^ve  to  eii^hl^\  at  a  C04»t  avei-agiugj  for 

it,  ttom  Bixty  to  seventy  ceutiiacs 

AL.    iSJLai'besi.u'8   exp^jrimeut  haa  l>een  imi- 
lat^'d  in  Eiii^laud^  aud   it  is  to  its  extension 
tlutt    we   de«iie   tu   iliaw   t^fjeciaJ   attention. 
Liist  March,  u  Iiouse  waj?  o|jtfned  in  Nassau 
Stittl,  Marylehone,  fur  tht?  reeeptiou  of  in- 
6iLil«;  and  lately  a  nursen,  under  the  control 
of  the  pai\»chijil  authorities,  has  been  etsL'tb- 
U^Kxl   at  Kei\:?Iugtou.     The  Nuasaii   Street 
tiur*trry  oontidus  two  large  airy  rooms.     It  i* 
fund*licd  with  eight  wlnvwork  cradle^s.     All 
cKildmi   admitted   must  be  the   offspring  of 
lit*.    They  must  be  V3iccinAte4l, 
I  the  aiies  of  three  mouths  aiid 
'  '        ■      JH  for  daily  fotwl  and 
|jer  child,  and  four- 
J-.  .ji. .^  .^-.  Luiiily.    The  authors 

»jf  the   [■  1  "  Day-Nurseiies," 

edicw   i-vi:  ^    tliut   these   charges 

HTii  not  suJiicjent  to  maintain  a  self-support- 
ing niu^sery  ;   but   that   five  pence    per  diem 
wdl  sufiice  for  the  proper  cai-e  and  feeding  of 
fWrt  infant.     A   r^<'ent  nieeting  of  influential 
^ater  L'la  elucidated  in  a 
luer  the  subject  of  Day- 
II  I'*  jjirihop  of  Maij'-'heater  very 
y  declai-ed,  tliuit  *'  it  wii.-,  not  merely 
u.      .......1  per   ct'ut^u'e— the   IhirLy-eight   in 

fcvejy  hundred  who  died— but  the  iuimitely 
worse  sixty-two  who  lived— lived  to  be  ti-aineil 
to  habits  of  idleness^  axul  to  l>c  driven  to 
habits  of  diaaipation."  The  Bishop  ahjo 
*iupi>ort«  the  views  of  the  authors  of  "Day- 
Nurseries*'  on  tlie  ^-oint  that  thf-»e  nuraeriea 
should  not  bi.  itiouB,  but 

»elf-tiup]HJrtiiJg  :ljunetl  by 

the  co-openitiou  >j\  iia-  \.  This 

i«  a  judidouB  and  a  whu^  :ortl' 

ing   t-o   the  caloul.vtion    Uj-i^    u-v    i   mother 
might  send  her  child   to  a  "  Day-NuPbery," 
whiiru  i t  would  receive  e%*ery  comfort,  incl » i  ■  t  u  mt 
vbohrsome  foo^i  wid  eouud  medical  car 
the   weekly  cliATge  of  haif-a-crown.     I, 
the  ppeaent  drugving  system,  mothers  usually 


pay  the  washerwomen,  to  whom  they  are 
obliged  to  commit  their  babes  throughout  the 
day,  from  four  to  five  Bhillings  we<3tly.  On 
the  score,  therefore,  of  pecuniary  economy,  no 
\v9s  than  in  discharge  of  tliat  fiaci'ed  duty 
which  the  ]mreijt  owes  to  the  helrdeaa  beinir 
he  has  broug^ht  into  the  world,  tne  working 
man  whose  wife  Ls  away  from  home  through- 
out the  day,  is  bound  to  aid,  as  far  as  he  is 
able,  in  the  immediate  estabUfiliment  of 
wholct^ome,  well-direc^ied  NuTBeriea. 

The  Committee  of  influential  townsmen 
now  fiDrmed  at  Manchester  to  establish  such 
Nunaeries  throughout  their  great  manufac- 
turing city,  can  do  little  if  they  be  not 
auijported  by  the  workpeople. 

It  haa  been  urged,  in  opposilioa  to  the 
establishment  of  Day-Nurseries,  that  such 
institutions  tend  to  encourage  the  con- 
tractinj^  of  imprudent  marria^s  or  illicit 
connexiona.  This  view  cnimot  be  supjxjrted 
by  any  evidence,  nor  be  proved  by  the  most 
tortuous  logic  ;  on  the  other  hand,  experience 
demonstrates  that  the  destruction  of  inftwnt 
life  has  the  effect  of  iacreasino;  jKjpuhxtion, 
by  lightening  the  probable  obligations  of 
marriage.  Another  objection  i-aleed  by  M. 
Marbean^s  opponents  is,  that  these  NuTBerica 
will  inevititldy'  relax  the  strength  of  donicstic 
affections.  This  plea  is  so  groundless  that  it 
is  wonderful  to  raid  any  voices  raised  in  it» 
supporL  In  the  firat  place,  the  proiwsed  Day- 
Nurseries  are  not  intended  to  De  iTecej>U*iclc8 
for  the  children  of  mothers  who  ai"e  able  to 
take  care  of  their  own  progeny.  They  are  not 
intended  to  foster  a  system  of  rearing  children 
away  from  home  ;  no — the  object  aiiue*!  at  is 
to  nrovide  the  best  and  tenderest  nursing  for 
chJJ«U"eu  who  are  ineviud*/j/  deprived  of  the 
watchful  attendance  of  a  mother.  In  the 
place  of  an  ignorant  nurse,  redolent  of  lauda- 
num, it  is  propo8e<l  to  place  a  skilfiil  attend- 
ant under  medical  surveJlhuice.  Instead  of  a 
squaUd  apartment,  reeking  with  all  kinds  of 
unwholesome  tmd  offensive  emissions  from  the 
waah-tub,  it  is  proposed  to  raise  lofty%  well- 
ventilated  rooms  ;  and,  lastly,  it  ia  ptoposed 
to  rock  children  to  sleep  in  the  careful  arms 
of  a  nur«e,  rather  thiin  by  the   i    "  ,  f 

opium  and  aniseed.     To  us,  these  j  i  ^ 

savour  rather  of  that  enlightened  c^*.x^  «  ..i.  h 
we  are  beginnin":  to  feel  for  every  grade  of 
the  human  famiTy,  than  of  that  carelessneas, 
in  respect  of  tlie  public  morals,  which  the 
narrow-miuded  ana  the  bigotted  would  fain 
attach  to  thejm  The  atrocious  practices  at 
pi'CAeut  openly  pursued  towards  children^ 
must  JuBtilv  the  promoters  of  Day-Nurseries, 
in  the  opinion  of  all  thbikers,  be  they  on  the 
opposition  or  majority  beuches  of  any  house 
or  assembly. 

Advertisements  of  the  rea*line»3  of  certjuu 

Day-Nurneries    lo    receive    tenders    for  the 

^ triply  of  'Hops  and  bottt^ms,"  rattles,  baby- 

l;et8,  ci*adlea,  and  oot«,  will  form  a  new 

1  ure  in  the  columns  of  the  morning  papem ; 

and  it  is  more  than  probable  that  the  vicinity 


1 


112 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


I.Cowiiiet«d  hr 


of  one  of  theie  eatablkhmenta  would  not  be 
choaen  aa  the  most  quiet  epot  upon  eartb,  bj 
uny  nervous  ol*i  gentleman,  when  a  round 
clcizt'n  of  the  ytnm^  hiniates  were  teething. 
It  is  not  fhffiL'ult  to  imagine  the  look  of  horror 
with  which  the  ghost  of  Malthus  (if  auclt 
f  hin^»»4  be)  will  rise  to  witneBs  the  ceremony  of 
Inying  the  foumlatton  atone  for  tije  first  iW- 
NiiT-sery.  As  the  advocate  of  nierceniu-y 
niatohft?,  this  amipositious  spirit  will  assur- 
edly nujke  some  kind  of  demonstration  on  the 
oecflflion.  Yet  it  is  hardlj'  neccsaory  to  invite 
the  fifhoat,  sin«»  so  many  ©till  cling  to  his 
crotchctj?!,  and  a  few  would  not  oven  daiih  the 
cup  of  poision  fj'om  an  infant's  lips.  There 
cannot  be  many  who  would  leave  the  cradle 
nngnarded, — ^the  hapless  Kibe  to  die  by  alow 
degrees,  A  regard  for  the  future— for  the 
genr-rationa  with  which  our  children  will 
work  and  live— ia  that  to  which  the  advocatea 
♦  if  these  Nurseriest  direct  our  narticular  atten- 
tion. It  is  a  question  whetiier  the  artisan 
claMH  shall  dwindle,  io  pb)*Bical  iit&mina  and 
in  mental  capacity,  to  poor,  dwarfed  images 
of  ihyil,  under  the  laudanum  doses  of  Prestou 
Mid  Mancl>eat«r ;  or  wljelher,  by  showing  a 
parental  solicitiule  tor  those  chihlreu,  whose 
parrntd  arc  cdled  away  to  the  factory  anil 
the  loom,  by  affording  tliem,  at  a  fair  rate 
of  remuneration,  the  advantages  of  scien- 
tJtic  treatment  and  honest  care,  we  will 
endeavour  to  give  them  a  fiur  chance  of 
becoming  strong  and  intelliffent  English- 
men. The  question  of  Day-Nurseriea^ — ^thc 
question  of  Protraction  for  the  Cradle — has  an 
intrinsic  importjuice  which  reaches  beyond 
the  c3Ltgencie8  of  the  hour;  it  ia  one  that 
concerns  every  man,  and  will  interest  every 
man  who  acknowledges  that  social  duty, 
which  ha"!  never  been  publicly  derided  even 
in  th»'  darkest  passages  o£  the  world's  history 
— tlic  duty  of  the  adult  to  the  infant. 


A  MEMOBY. 

SoMvmnB  in  halls  of  beauty  and  of  lovo, 

Whero  many  fair  and  many  proud  onea  be, 
And  where  the  recklcaa  and  the  thoughtleaa  movG, 
I  picture  thoe. 

Thy  memory  oomee  to  my  lone  heart  cnfoldcn 

In  strains  of  sweetest  muaic  ',  murmuring  luWj 
Strange  tales  of  dames  and  knights  in  pageants 
dlden, 

And  courtly  show. 

The  lonely  wbd  that  stgbs  in  mtirmttzs  deep 

Round  eomo  old  ruin  dear  to  love  and  fiime. 
Luring  the  passerby  to  pause  and  weep. 
Might  breathe  thy  name  I 

I  picture  thee  the  spirit  of  some  spot 

fieautiiiilly  haunted  by  an  olden  ipell ; 
Some  waving  wood,  or  sIlTer^treamiiig  grot, 
Or  perfumed  dclL 

Ever  retiring  in  thy  simple  grace, 

A  gentler^  dearer  presence,  never  shone 
From  mortal  figure  or  from  lady's  £iice^ 
Than  ihy  dear  one. 


A  vei7  roae-hud  to  the  gaxer's  eye, 

Yet  to  the  sense  thou  art  n  blooming  flcwV» 
Pouring  thy  fmgrance  on  the  eiunmer  sky 
At  evening  hour. 

Ever  in  dreams  thou  com'st.     I  may  aot  trace 

In  waking  hours  the  presence  of  that  ^ptll 
Which  holds  me  bound  with  such  a  wiuniiiLC  gmce. 
— FVctfWcll  I 


THE  NEW  ZEALAND  ZAUBEKTLOTE, 

IN  THREE  CHArTERS. — CHATTER   If, 

The  spot  t^  which  the  king  bent  his  thought- 
ful steps,  waa  situated  at  fi(»me  miles'  distance 
from  his  village,  and  was,  in  fact,  on  the  ex- 
treme twrders  of  the  country  of  the  Mokau- 
ries,  and  not  very  far  from  the  tlistrir^t  to 
which  he  had  banished  his  sun  Waipata. 
Not  only  was  the  place  itself  uufre<|Ut'nte<i, 
but  the  way  to  it  was  among  the  most  hmely 
of  the  many  lonely  tracks  that  abound  in  this 
country.  After  some  two  hours"  journey, 
you  might,  in  passing  across  a  moist  slo|)e  of 
CTa»H  and  reeda.  or  an  undulating  reach  of 
k'rns,  come  sinhlenlv  upon  the  motionless 
IkmIv  of  a  MaiTri  binf-catcher,  lying  u^ikhi  Ida 
fw?«>,  half  covcrcfl  with  leaves  nud  l?  "s 

having  one  hand   extendeil  with  i 

**  04ioHferouB  "  pork,  or  shark's  fl*-.  I 

in  his  fingers,  to  att  ract  the  binl- 
hand  also  embedded  in  the  ci*a8s,  b  .  .,  -  ,t  ly 
to  seize  the  bird  directly  he  had  lixed  hia 
beak  and  claws  in  the  bait.  Or,  in  walking 
by  the  borders  of  a  still  river,  vou  might  see 
a  thick  mass  of  broken  reeds,  drift-wootl, 
duck-weed,  and  decayed  bullrush  slowly  float- 
ing down  the  stream,  which  is,  in  sooth,  a 
native  flsherniiaii,  who  lies  on  his  face,  with 
his  nose  and  mouth  turned  sidewa^-s  now  and 
then,  for  Vu-eath,  in  who^e  extendeil  hand,  a 
similar  bait  for  fish,  or  bird,  iw  grasped. 
These  not  very  enlivening  varictii «  mIiH  a 
distant  view  of  a  party  of  wild  h 
were  the  only  intcrrujjtioris  t<»  thf   i  n 

solitudes  through  which  the  king  wuimU  lii^ 
way.  Til©  loveliness  of  Nature  had  lio  voice 
for  his  ear  ;  or  rather  he  hatl  no  ear  for 
Nature's  voice.  At  every  step,  he  either 
breathed  veugeance  upon  TetSra  and  Kaite- 
mata,  or  tumml  over  in  his  mind  his  ingenious 
plan  for  its  execution. 

Full  of  this  (k^icrn  of  rendering  the  cavern 
over  the  boiling  springs,  to  which  he  was  now 
making  his  wa3%  the  efficient  meiuis  of  de- 
stnictiou,  TaOnui  arrived  at  the  nipids  of  a 
river,  which  terminated  in  a  series  of  cat*- 
ract^.  The  gleaming  waters  shot,  wavering 
and  heaving  along,  till  they  reached  the  t*dg© 
of  the  tabfe-land,  over  which  they  rushed, 
and  fell  foaming  from  rock  to  rock  in  their 
descent — here  a  cataract,  green  and  vivid ; 
there,  another  one,  grey  and  puqjle^ — now 
falling  gloomy  in  the  shadow  of  chasms  and 
over-hanging  ledges, — now  one  level  sheet 
below  of  seething  foam,  hurrying  to  utter 
darkness.       A    narrow,    fljnng-bridge,  con- 


Btruitcil  by  tho  Mftories  simpiy  of  pluits  of 
tcmgh  Hajt-leavea  knottedi  together,  and 
£Qi£teiJtHl  to  buftbea  on  one  side,  nud  to  a  fallen 
tr^i'-tntnk  on  the  other,  was  the  only  means 
.  +  :   the  giilf  botwceu   the  two   pre- 

I  I -ath  wiiich  rushed  the  succedslon 

i  ts     on    their    downward     course. 

I  strength  of  tliis  swinLong  bridge 

Willi  H  11'  ioot,  to  8ce  if  these  flax -leaver  were 
yet  i\>tten,  and  deciding  tliat  it  was  sutfident 
for  hi«  weight,  the  king  at  once  advanced 
upon  it,  with  the  liglit  &Xid  hasty  foot  of  his 
ualion,  when  hia  progrMs  waa  arrested,  mid- 
way, by  obaerving  aomething  black  projecting 
from  the  rapids  above,  as  Uiey  came  hurry- 
Bcurrj'ing  onward  towards  the  verge  of  the 
roi-kHi.  He  c«5uld  not  take  his  eyes  from  this 
1  <  t.     It  was  a  human  leg  ofgigantic 

5  ^ — and  nothing  more.     However 

liKigini<<-<i,  lie  felt  it  waa  the  leg  of  Tc  Pomar, 
thefellow  to  the  one,  the  chief  Ixjne  of  which  he 
now  wore  hanging  to  his  neck^  in  form  of  a 
flute  f  The  leg  pMsed  over  the  verge  of  the 
precipice,  and  disappeared.  But  lookxng  down^ 
and  fitnuning  his  eves  towarda  the  onward- 
speeding  foam  at  the  bottom  of  the  last  of 
the  cataracts,  he  acain  saw,  through  the 
nuAt  and  ispray,  the  leg  sticking  upright  and 
sailing  away  into  the  darkness;. 

The  fi-ail  bridge  swayed  aaUut  with  the 
|,  .  K.,  .  torm  of  Taunui,  as  he  gazed  after 
I  rippaiition  of  the  leg — some  of  the 

k .....kiKfand  gave  way — and  the  brid«je 

elongated  and  swayed  down  in  the  middle, 
so  that  the  king  had  a  nai'row  esea[}€  in 
hastUy  scrambling  over,  and  catching  the 
long,  wity  tohi'(oAi  grass  on  the  other  aide, 
to  secare  his  iafe  arrival.  These  things 
however,  are  common  to  savage  life,  and  he 
walked  onward  without  tunimg  his  head ; 
but  the  vision  of  the  other  leg  of  Te  Pomar — 
tAat  was  not  an  ordinary  occurrence,  and  the 
king  was  not  a  little  discompose^l  by  it. 
w;r,-}.,M-*t>  I  of  course,  it  waa  all  witch- 
•  Teora  and  Kaitemata  should  very 

rjcr  for  it. 

iiuch  sights  on  this  are  unpleasant,  even  to 
the  strongest  miud,  and  Taduui,  as  he  sjped 
onwardj  had  more  than  once  a  tingling 
impulse  to  look  behind  him,  fully  expecting 
that  he  should  see  the  gigantic  leg  making 
loi^  hops  after  him,  and  perhap  with  the 
addition  of  the  half  of  the  body  belonring  to 
that  Side  ;  but  his  proud  nature  womd  not 
allow  him  to  manife«it  any  such  signs  of  fear, 
ftnd  he  accordingly  pursued  hia  course  till 
be  ariived  at  the  entrance  of  the  cavern. 

The  rock  in  which  the  cavern  had  been 
scooj)e<V  partly  by  age  and  decay,  and  partly 
by  the  natives,  had  once  been  used  for  some 
of  the  oeremauie^  and  rites  of  heathen  wor- 
ahh).  Figures  of  men  in  various  ugly  atti- 
tudes had  been  carved  in  the  ro<^ ;  and 
some  of  them  were  painted  in  red  and  yellow, 
but  all  of  them  beong  destitute  of  mouths. 
The  interior  was  gloomy;  and  on  entering  the 
inner  jmrt  of  the  cave,  a  hand  and  arm,  all 


black,  ap[>eared  to  \te  thrust  tltruugh  soui« 
hole  in  the  side  of  the  rock.  Tliis  was  not 
really  so.  The  exact  shadow  of  a  hand  and 
arm  had  been  marked  out  on  the  side  of  the 
cave,  and  painted  black,  while  the  rock 
behind  it  waa  painted  white,  so  that  it  gave 
the  appearance,  to  any  one  suddetdy  entering, 
of  a  hand  and  arm  being  thrust  throu|^h  the 
rock,  and  thus  admitting  H^ht.  At  tins,  the 
king  waa  not  at  all  surprised,  having  8i*en 
such  things  before  in  various  cavema  ;  he 
was,  however,  not  at  all  pleased  to  find  on  the 
present  occasion,  that  the  hand  and  arm 
strongly  remindeKl  him  of  Te  Pomar.  As  he 
stood  looking  at  it,  either  the  lights  and  shades 
from  without  gave  it  a  vibratory  appearance, 
or  else  the  arm  made  a  slight  wavering 
motion.  He  stood  awhile  to  contemplate 
this.  No  further  movement  took  place.  It 
hiy  fixed  to  the  aide  of  the  rock.  Being 
assured  of  this»  he  now  proceeded  to  scrape 
away  the  rough  upper-crust  of  the  pumice 
floor  of  the  cavern  with  a  sharpenea  stone 
aflixed  to  a  h^mdle  which  he  had  Drought  for 
that  purpose.  Ailter  working  a  short  time, 
he  distinctly  heard  the  wat^r  of  the  spiinga 
boiUng  beneath. 

Tadnui  w&B  so  rejoiced  at  thls^  from  the 
speedv  end  which  he  now  imagined  there 
woul  J  be  to  all  his  troubles,  that  he  paused  in 
his  labour,  and  took  up  the  flute,  to  give  a 
httk  flourish  of  joy  expressive  of  his  final 
triumph.  With  this  intent  he  i^ipUed  the 
aj>erture  to  Ids  mouth.  A  strange  expression 
passed  across  his  features— and  ne  withdrew 
it.  A  long  black  thorn  had  projected  itself 
from  the  mouth-hole  straight  into  his  mouth, 
while  a  bright  green  and  golden  lizard  wrigglea 
itself  out  at  the  other  end,  and  £aUing  on  the 
pumice -dust  beneath,  flashed  out  of  sight  A  lao 
the  tbom  sUpped  hack  into  the  flute,  and 
could  not  be  got  out  by  knocking  or  shaking, 
neither  could  anything  like  it  be  seen  on 
holding  the  flute  up  to  the  light. 

Now,  the  lizard  is  one  of  the  aiuas,  or  minor 
gods  of  New  Zealand,  and  is  accounted  sacred. 
"Well,"  said  the  king,  after  a  pause,  "the 
aiua  is  on  my  side,  and  has  come  to  tell  me 
so.'*  He  T^dlfully  chose  to  overlook  the  fact 
that  the  black  thorn  had  come  to  him,  and 
the  lizard-god  had  fled  from  him.  He  had  a 
certain  mistfiving  as  to  how  the  matter  stood, 
but  he  would  not  permit  the  warcing  to  have 
a  ti^e  inteqjretation  in  his  mind.  "  The  aiuaa 
ju^  on  my  side  "  exclaimed  he,  catching  up  hia 
Lomaliawk,  and  resuming  his  work  over  the 
pumice-floor  of  the  cave  with  I'enewed  vigour. 

He  hail  not  given  many  blows  when  he 
became  aware  of  a  shadow  that  wrought  up 
and  down  in  the  comer  of  one  eye— on  the 
aide  next  to  the  hand  and  arm.  It  aeemed  as 
though  the  black  arm  rose  and  fell  at  every 
stroke  he  made.  When  he  looked  directly  at 
it,  and  raised  his  arm,  the  black  arm  was 
Ktationai'y ;  when  he  bent  his  eyes  downwards 
and  raised  his  arm,  the  black  arm  undoubtedly 
did  the  same.     He  looked  op  suddenly ! — 


'J 


114 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS* 


ICMitdaeied  k 


with  Ilia.  But  he  C' 
till  be  ^vae  really  »i 
At.  the  evaaivc  ii 

filial-,  in  the  m 


then  was  the  hbkx^  turn  In  its  pUee.  He 
went  on  with  bin  work  slowly — and  with  his 
€jo6  turned  to  the  floor  of  the  cave — and  he 
*iw  sure  that  the  hhrk  una  row  mid  fell 
!  oh  it.  He  tried 
vatioti  juid  nigv 
iii^  new  diftrom. 
11  maofOf  the  pamice 
the  cave,  to  coti^-  '  -^ 
this  TU]plea»mt  phtoomenoiL  He  aci 
VI  jiinl  "Timiis  at  the  impoRuhilltj  of  Btu  .:._ 
•n,  oue  way  or  the  other.  And  ob  he 
.ronnmg,  :iiid  phickLnj?  out  the  hftirB 
ln*ju  hiit  chin,  with  a  fxsir  of  mu.ssel-shell 
tweezers,  the  pumice -cruet  of  the  fkioring 
cracked  nil  rouud  him,  ruid  the  n^xt  iujstant 
he  full  tlirough,  imd  found  liini.self  bi  a  huge 
uatuntl  cauhlrtiii  (»f  btihti^^  wnter, 

A  great  quantity  of  the  floor  Im^nnjj  fatlcTi 
with  hiujj  he  ha<l  mogt  forti  '  *  '^  hnded 
n\H>n  a  sort  of  pi'otecting  sen:  ■  and 

^  ihI  iotip.at  uogrcat  d«?pih  lY' ■ i.fa«?e; 

he  M\t  ujxjn  »  verj  liovel  mu\  un- j 
y  hot  throne,  with  water  hoilin-j  iiM 
t-outid   him  iu  a  hissing  and  huhhliTi;3j  • 
A  greftt  ateam  rose  up  through  tlie  • 
over-hwid,  and  (jlle<l  the  cave.  i 

Beini^'  unable  to  rencli  the  bi*oken  e<ljjea  of  I 
tli«  i:  "    '     through  which  he  hadf''' 

even  ini  would  h.ive  pcnnitt^d 

woudd  have  bcon  par^-^*-' 


They  i  'y  obeyed  ;  and  TaOnui  rfi- 
inaiiieil  ^  liin  W'k  a;2:aiuBt  the  rock 
for  aevend  hi-  h/*  manner  of  difrnirted 
chiefs  in  N<'\v  who  often  "n't  fbn^  to 
meditate  ajid  iiniukti,  but  arc  yvt  u 
in  a  Btat«  tjf  utter  apathy.  T>»o  I 
ever,  wa«  by  no  mt^mia  the  prt'stn  n 
of  TtiOnni ;  nor  can  we  say  th<?  f<  '  y 
"  ■'•'"*i->n,  m  implied  a  ct^rfaui  Mf— ..^'  ..f 
Ho  «xt,  the  speetaclo  of  a  hard 
:  i..:xijhleil,  h^^i  ui,t  -r.ff^'nwl. 

Alter  a  kn  -•',  and  l>ent  hi« 

comT«)   home%^  r^t  rides.     If  he 

had  been  hnmhl^il,  tin  r  now.     Aa 

he  pnsaed  across  the  nw;  leaf  bridge 

h«  shook  hifl  tomahawk  at  the;  vtater,  (^haward 
he  aped,  lookiniT  riiP»ilher  to  the  rit^ht  nor  to 
the  left,  T         "    ■  •      ^    •'        V  ,, 


!t  »car< 


tht 

Ne^v    . 
late   del. 


»f  the 

:ii,  hm 


to  B*.^ 


hiJs  He,it  before  long,  liafl  not  the  st 
from  the  mouth  of  the   cavern   a 
y'Hjntj  hunter  to  tlie  s]H>t.     Tliis  w  .; 
thnn  hia  son,  Waipata ;  a  cireumKi 
fortunate,   thour,^i   not    veiy  remarkable,   aai 
the  district  ^^  which  he  liaAi  t»eea  sent  was  ] 
only  a  few  miles  tliutant  fmm  the  oivem,  but 
the  frw't  of  hi*  bnving  IVr  hia  comi-MinitmR  Teora 
'  ''  w.tH,  no  doubt,  a  v»  r 

lous  tf>  this  event,  i 
iiji.i  i"<  ti  n.|j-'wed  for  s»'veral  days  li^>  a 

fiig  who  had  lo.st  one  e-ye,  and  woiild   i 
eav(^  'ii  >    •I'x'l  i^i^i^  h.kviii'-  m:iMile  her  rc^i 

in  \\>  ^ated  her  feaj-s 

to  T'  .  were  besetting 

the  kiii;^,  whom  aii»T^  lia*l  accordingly  waichcd. 
and  followed  to  this  place,  having  peranoded 
the  umial>le  Hlave-<drl  to  bear  her  company. 

To  the  ALiori  bui?h-e:dl  of  "  A'oo-i,  Aoo-'i  f  '* 
("  Where  are  \x»u  1 ")  the  half^mothered 
voice  of  the  kinjL!^  responded  from  hia  hot 
vaiiour-bath  below ;  and  the  three,  with  the 
htip  of  a  conJ  of  t\nsteil  flai-leaves  and 
fpMia,  presently  enabled  TaOmii  to  emerf^^e 
into  thtj  upi>er  air.  They  a»<;ist^d  hhn  to  a 
Beat  on  a  ledge  of  rock  outside  the  cavern, 
aud  here  Tf*ora  fanned  him  with  a  large  fan, 
luwtily  made  of  leaves.  >Je  fKvt  looking  at 
each  of  them  alternately  iu  mute  astoniflh- 
ment^  until  his  eye  beeajue  rivette<l  on  the 
emkV   '  '  i/.  that  strnxl  with  its  auout  at 

Kail  '<U  ;  a  grim  nmile  then  pn^ed 

over  Mitr  1.111- ^^  featui-ea.  For  a  famili*ir  pig 
to  I'ollow  a  Ir\dy  was  no  uncommon  sight — but 
a  pig  with  orje  eye  denoted  mischief  Directly 
he  could  apeak,  he  bode  them  all  begone  ! 


f.    op    til.  \ 

anddilatr  ,  u 

ilia  ("h!  tunc. 

A  mom?  aome  wf  the  tribes  of  New  SCraland, 

'  ^  lxI  to  the  outi^  r  f  rk  of  a 

L  war-bell,  or  n,   the 

'  nown  as  ♦'•  '  /'■ -/m,  or 

Tb'sR  in  lon    to   tho 

It   ifj  a  ii    .  -  ten  tube  of 

r\XH\  at  th**  moutb-jnier'e, 

1  :\t   the   fCmndHeml,  which 

etaittt*<l  a  kmd,  d»  >  t  not.^fe,  and  was 

only  uaed  to  dennt«  ^ndn^  «>f  e<>ming 

danger.     From  th-'  of  hit 

villat'C,  did  all  mrn  'hI^  at 

''•rt  ma<le  I'V   inonn  -  fhite. 

il.     Tlie  pah-tnmi;  I     He 

l:L«    rtute   to    his    mt'i.i..  •  ^'in 

red   to   7»lay  it.     The    ]  t 

I  \vith  all  he  intendo.l  t-  ,  - 

tlute,  aud  in  prolonged  ruid  t- 

That  tho  king,  in  hia  bai  I  ,  wa^t  a 

valiant-hearted  fellow  has  b*?fu  siiiliciently 
di««lave<l ;  the  utmost  bravery  is,  in  faet, 
indiwpeuHaltle  to  every  great  chief;  but  amtmg 
idl  hia  chiefs  there  waa  certainly  no  one 
who  posseted  the  same  amount  of  mental 
courage  as  TaOmiL  In  the  jtr'^^ent  rnMtanco 
he  felt  wrought  up  to  a  pitch  that  would  have 
enabled  him, — 

"  To  look  on  tliat  wLicli  might  appal  ihu  devil." 

He,  therefore,  attempted  i^  bully  hia  own 
common  sense  into  the  notion  that  the  sounds 
last  heiinl  had  been,  not  merely  of  his  ottu 
making — for  in  un  indirect  way  this  vfna  so—* 
but  of  his  own  will  and  intention.  "  I  b!»*w 
with  all  my  might,"  ejaculated  he.  "I  wUftitl 
to  m.%ke  the  pfthtrumi^et  echo ;  and  1  will  do 
thi^  *'  in!" 

I  '  I  '3  loud  roaring  noiae  of  the  war- 

hor..,   >......    was  this  time  the  grand  death* 

uj arch  ofa  hero,  aoundiug as  if  beneath  the  earth. 


« 


THE  NEW  ZEALAND  ZAUBKRFLOTK 


lis 


a:  ^>ra*  tisie  tSler  TaOuui  Iwui 

\w  1 1  tti  frQiu  hU  mcmUi.  It  ceased. 

Ibite,  witU  »  iuiUgUly,  seJf-willtfd,  fjitrbliiiti, 
pMirom^gAiri  ''tkou  haai  piayed  well  tiiia 

"             '       '  !     '  etiiaidattftktdc 

r.  litic  bony  loot 
..  «,.<•>  ,u^i<'iu.     j^.w.r  it  was  n  kick 

of  £ctm*^  khiLJ    or  otlier,   [le    Uad 

liii.iwMi  '  ..r  itio   acute  H  kii^il  to 

(]  re  was  the  ad^ail- 

1.1  ;uhl  1-uiuitL     TLi^e 


riiit*t    lie 


I 


L  rathttr  I  impiHl,  to warda 

wi:i^  alu»ly.     He  proaeully  met  a 

vraA  oUmxI   tu  u&k — but  nuikleuly 

T     Tho   diief   begttu   a   brief 

h  hdtn  oo  a  lUfW  metbr»il  uf 

■■'' '    '   r  Ittmertu  (a  sort  of 

l-Misacil  ou.     Nut  a 

w-mIi  :i  hkeletau 

'  the  ptkh- 

...•-■  tu  tili^e 


\:  iiieiit 

1,,  un'w  ii.iuHelf 

ui.,  y.     The  cbiel" 

:in  kuugAt'"-  -■ 

._,'..  iviii.-:   on    1    . 

m  erA-c«ui^  liitil  aj  I  :i4i  hour 

jmdi  utT*  :ill  in  H^:>'>1  i.  Ukely  to 

...•4YV.  AChi  ^v^e  him  h  <*dj.*lutl  urri.^L  Not  a 
MflUU«  ai^iiyitiLr.  se^liig  nu>  Hp^tiaiiioii  with  a 
jutclf^uu  kg   Uid  fout — uoi'  t)f  th<3  roaring 

Arrued  ,*t  huuics     * 


ling  liiiu 


met  Tftoaiii 
verutnluh  of 
'■■•^•n  biwily 
t.  siJi)|;H;r 


lU     "11 
C<»kc4  vv'it! 


lift 


jjt  hot  ti  long 

/    Uit  1  have 

fcakei,  fiitum 

*i  glit>et- 

itj  word. 

.  alxiut  t" 
patience. 


.    i         ,  heart  of  a 

c  pttlua-ti^^"  aaid  the  queen, 

ttiiiUDeri  ^'also  tome  butter- 

L    .villi  tumipeL    Oh,  I  tee— it  ^s  the 

'   ■  --     V^ — they  bAv«  arrWwi." 

iiire    it    II  and 

loiinth    *•  ,  the 

1     he     in    tin*    poor 

i3  it  bl«jwnl — fccil 

-  »-  a^x-  ...... .    .,  .ves,  and  th^  wooieii 

<i  akkvcs  of  hia  hausehokl,  all  came  ruahing 


r.at  to  the  verandah.  *'  Tell  me  t/ioi  /  "  he  oott- 
tUiued  to  sny,  **  tell  uie  who  did  it,  ai»d  why . — 
tell  me,  all  of  y»xi  1 — any  one  !— atmicbwiy ! " 

Nobody  fc]Kikf .  They  all  stood  looking  at 
each  other.     Nol»ody  had  heard  it 

In£irtLcuIat«  \»ith  the  f xerpleuty  of  hu)  lagi^ 
Xdjonul  glared  all  rrtmiui  at  the  aBBCiubuad 
grou[», — and  cnutiiiUt^l  Uj  do  »<\  till  (tnuiuaUy 

the  seaae  of  beiiig  bewhcit    '   - --'■  U'lMf 

and  his  patsioii  bi^^an  to  .-<  lage 

ctimfiision  with  hunaelf.  .  _  .  .  ^eeii, 
and  heanl,  and  felt,  were  all  very  real  to  him  ; 
yet  nolKHly  eUe  a|>f>oi%red  U»  have  the  least 
cogDisauce  of  it.  Where  were  their  benae^ — 
or,  what  had  hAii(>eued  to  h'^  ^  A^  to  his 
h:tving  cau^d  the  won<lerfiil  in  ■  «^»wii 

frtru  will,  if  he  hail  »liU  wilfui  urcd 

to  persiiiidc  hiniaclf  of  that,  ht\  .'il  k.-wi,  knew 
very  wt-ll  thai  he  hud  not  kickt?d  hk  own 
iihiijs.  Th*t  viulent  blow  ooii^  ':^  ■•*'  'he  air 
— out  of  nothing— but  not  (i  It 

waa  of  no  use  tu  tiy  luid  cinicf;-.  ,  iiuott 

from  liim&eli'  oiiy  longer.  He  could  not 
hai-ilen  himself  uj;:viii»t  m.*  many  odda 

Fixim  thiij  {>oint.  the  king's  haughty  and 
▼iudictive  Bpii'it  )>e;;UiU  to  topple  on  its  bar- 
baric eleTfiUon,  and  hu  felt  moat  bitterlv  the 
want  of  human  sympatliyoud  fi-iendly  aiUice. 
He  even  onoe  ihuosht  of  opening  his  iixind  to 
the  queen  ;  wliftcll  he  might  have  done  with- 
•^  -^ny  djflgrace,  becjiuse  the  estimfttvon  in 
a  women  were  held  by  his  peo[>le  wag 
,  uj  uieatia  no  Uiw  a»  is  common  with  savage 
tribes ;  but  this  ven^  natural  and  eensiblo 
thought  waii  destroyed  by  IiIh  pride  almost  aa 
aooo  tks  it  liad  ghmced  across  him.  He  refused 
to  a«e  or  speak  with  any  one  Cor  8ome  days  ; 
he  even  would  not  go  imd  look  at  the  kauga- 
i^ooa.  Finally  he  iletermiued  to  call  a  cutmeil 
of  the  oldest  !iud  wisest  chiefs  of  Iklokau^  and 
rel&te  to  them  ail  that  had  happeue^i. 

"^f '•■  -  !iile,    he    retained    esongh    of    hta 

ami    revengeful   feeling    to    give 

r    hl-H  8111  Waipata,  ;*n  In-  h:A  i^m- 

.     ii      .  b^houlil  in&i  '  tljie 

i.iu.  I   ,  ;uid  go  aii'i  1  the 

uuii!St,  near  one  of  the  miaaiouaiy   *tationa  : 

directing,  at  the  same  time,  that  TeOra  bhoutd 

be  taken  to  a  lonely  and  deseil^sd  hotiite,  once 

celebrated  in  accordance  with  ita  horrid  name, 

viz.  jksii  Utti^atii,  or  Eat-man  House.    A  supply 

of  food  and  water  for  a  certain  penv»d  were  to 

be  placed  within,  and  the  door  was  then  to  t>e 

faatened,  and  TeOm  Ictl  to  her  fate.     As  for 

old  Kaitemata,  he    took    no  st4;ptt    againii 

her  lor  the  preaent^ 

There  waa  no  sort  of  donbt  about  the  love 
that  eiisied  between  TeOra  and  Waipata. 
They  had  roved  away  together  for  .-^inrntl 
hours  erery  day  while  the  king  wu  ' 

in  hia  moody  state  at  home— a  | 
andonbtedly  oprxjse*.!  to  New  Zeahuul  iiL^ti'iib 
of  propjnety  ;  but  their  cii'cam»taiicts  were 
peculiar.  Tiicy  were  now  seikteil  in  th«  tleptha 
of  a  great  forcat  at  the  uioaay  f<iot  of  xi  lolly 
iotora  tree,  with  the  fuUage  of  which  the  flower- 
ing clcanatiB  hatl  mLngle^l,  imA  tLscehdiitg  to  tliO 


^totho        M 


5 


116 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


rCo»4*in»4  bf 


very  sammit,  it  fell  down  on  all  sides  in  anowy 
cludtiB  and  garlmidlji.  A  wreath  of  the  white 
Btiury  blosttoma  of  this  odorous  creeper  were 
bouiid  round  the  divrk  tresaea  of  the  young  girl, 
and  fell  with  them  over  her  shouldere  and 
bosiow.  Around  grew  the  mighty  trees  indi- 
ff^ous  to  the  country,  having,  like  the  tree 
beneftth  wliidi  they  i^at^  their  own  huturiimt 
folinge  enwoven  with  hrifrht  and  elegant  jKira- 
sitieal  plimts  rising  to  their  very  topmost 
orowua  and  pinnaclea,  and  often  hanging  down 
in  beiuitiftd  featoons,  and  gracefully  BwayiuK 
wreftths.  One  old  and  dec^iyed  tree,  a  grand* 
sice  of  the  wookIb,  was  visible  among  the 
others  ;  but  even  hla  hoary  sides,  and  broken 
mouldering  bfirk,  were  clothed  with  moBsea  and 
orcliida,  and  his  dark  hollows  were  filled 
with  scarlet  ftingi.  Beneath  all  this  there 
was  a  prodigious  undergrowth^  among  wliich 
appeaml  the  tree  fern,  tlie  nikau  palm,  the 
wild  fuchsia — ^with  its  double  set  of  flowers, 
one  green  and  purple,  the  other  purple  and 
rod,  tne  pollen  on  the  anthers  of  the  former 
being  of  tne  moat  brilliiait  cobalt  blue — shrubs 
and  plants,  some  of  yellow-tinted  leaves, 
others  of  the  darkest  purple-green,  almost 
like  glossy  black  ;  while  her©  and  there  lay 
fallen  trunks,  some  nearly  overgrown  with 
graaaea  and  lichens,  and  others  with  the  ex- 
qiiisitely-sceutciil  horopito,  atraggliug  about  in 
clusters  of  ti-umpet-shaped  blosaoms,  varying 
fi'om  the  deepest  crimson  to  the  most  delicate 
pinky  white.  One  opening  through  the  foliage 
admitt^jd  a  peep  beyond,  which  coDsisted  of  a 
series  of  gentle  hills,  enclosed  again  at  no 
great  distance  by  the  circling  belt  of  the 
great  forest ;  but  the  whole  of  uiese  hilla  were 
covered  with  the  wild  cabbage  in  blossom, 
and  presented  beneath  the  sun  one  eutii'C 
surface  of  shining  gold. 

lu  this  equally  magnificent  and  lovely  scene 
of  nalure^a  prol'usiofi,  sat  Teura  and  Waipata 
di^eourfiiiig,  in  accenta  of  love,  the  leading 
tn»ths  of  "that  religion  of  deep-hearted  hu- 
manity which  they liad  so  recently  adopted 
in  place  of  their  luitive  creed  of  ignorance  and 
cruel  [^kassioim. 

Tliese  happy  hotii"*,  however,  were  soon  to 
be  at  an  end.  Even  in  tliis  deep  solitude  the 
emissaries  of  Taunui  very  speedily  discovered 
tliem,  and  they  were  imrae<liately  disjioaed  of, 
accotding  tu  hia  du-ections — ^^VaipAta  being 
sent  to  the  sea-coaat,  and  TeOra  tastene<i  up 
in  Eat-mau  House,  with  the  means  of  pro- 
longing existence  only  for  a  certain  time. 

The  day  appointed  for  the  council  of  chiefs 
having  arrival,  TaOnui  attired  himself  in  the 
most  imi)oaing  mamicr  for  the  occasion.  Over 
hiK  large,  bony  »houlders  he  threw  his  aniple 
war-cloak  of  dogs'-hair  interwoven  with  flax, 
tlung  aside,  however,  in  Buch  a  manner  ns 
ii>  display  the  rich  tattooing  of  his  cheat  and 
limba,  over  which  all  sorts  of  lines,  fie  noes, 
and  CTOt^sque  figures  had  been  engraved  in 
purple  ancl  black  lines.  His  close-cropped 
ulack  hair  was  adorned  with  a  bunch  of  the 
fe-athera  of  tlie  Jlxihij  or  brown  parrot,  indigo- 


noii«  to  New  Zealand,  to  which  he  bafl  aihied» 
for  this  important  occasion,  a  bJoasom  of  the 
warrator,  a  large  flower  of  a  deep  crimson 
colour.  Round  his  neck  he  woi*e  a  mighty 
necklace  of  boars*- tusks,  while  his  ears  were 
adorned  with  costlv  specimens  of  the  teeth  of 
the  tiger-ahark.  Those  parts  of  hU  legs  which 
were  not  tattooed,  he  had  iMiintod  Vfiihloi'oirmt 
a  sort  of  red  ochre  ;  but  Ta<5u\ii  cAre fully 
avoided  all  covering  or  ornament  on  his  feet, 
lest  he  should  in  any  degree  obscure  or  injure 
the  effect  of  the  six  toes  with  which  nature 
had  especially  honoured  each  foot»— a  distinc- 
tion, however,  enjoyed  by  two  or  three  other 
great  chiefi^j  in  N^w  Zoidaud  at  that  period, 
and  aLso  at  the  f>resent  day. 

The  most  eminent  imionc^  the  Mokaurio 
chiefs  assembled  as  the  king  had  commanded, 
and  retiring  to  a  forest  they  all  seated  them- 
selves in  a  circle  and  began  to  smoke.  At 
length  the  king  stood  up  in  the  midst,  and 
began  a  speech,  in  wliich  he  reLited  the 
wonders  and  offenaive  performances  of  the 
flute,  up  to  the  perioil  ot  the  thundei^march 
iu  the  \iciijity  of  the  ruined  mausoleum. 
Seeing,  or  fancying  he  saw,  doubts  mingled 
with  surjirise  in  the  grave  features  of  the  elder 
chiefs,  Taunui  paused,     A  long  silence  ensued. 

One  of  the  oldest  chiefis  then  proposed  that 
the  king  should  immediately  phiy  upon  the 
flute  as  before,  that  tliey  might  be  the  better 
able  to  judge  of  the  elfect. 

With  this  request  th^king  immediately 
complied,  and  he  distinctly  heai'd  the  granu 
deiitii-nuirch,  na  before.  "  There  1 "  naid  the 
king,  with  a  look  of  grizzly  satisfaction.  Bu; 
nobSdy  else  hikd  heaid  it.  He  played  again, 
and  heard  the  marcli.  Nobody  else  heard  it. 
The  chiefs  ail  looked  at  each  other,  and  then  at 
th«  king. 

Taonui,  now  getting  quit©  desperate,  went 
on  with  passionate  energy  and  volubility  to 
uariate  the  rest  of  the  events,  till  he  came  to 
describe  the  prodi^ons  sounds  that  issued 
from  the  pali-trumpet ;  whereuix)n  the  cliiefa 
began  to  exchange  significant  glances  with 
each  other,  and  some  of  them  even  touched 
their  heads  and  nodded,  clearly  indicating  their 
opinion  that  the  king  hml  gone  mail.  Secretly 
as  all  tliifl  waa  done,  Taonui  had,  in  part, 
obaej*vcd  it,  or  rather  become  conscious  ol'  it, 
and  snatching  up  the  flute  he  was  altout  to 
blow  with  all  his  strfugth,  in  the  wihi  hope 
of  producing  some  terrible  result  which  should, 
at  least,  compel  them  to  believe  his  Uile,  wlien 
a  loud  cry  of  women  was  heaiNl  to  iijaue  frc»m 
the  pah,  followed  by  the  actual  blowing  of  the 
pah-tnimpet  iu  signal  of  alarm. 

The  council  was  broken  up  in  an  inatanti 
and  TaOnui,  with  all  the  chiera,  hurried  out  of 
the  forest  and  flew  towanis  tiie  pah.  At  the 
outer  Htockatle,  l>eyond  the  last  range  of  stiles 
and  fences  with  which  the  king's  p£ti  was  for- 
tified, they  met  the  queen  and  all  Taonui'a 
household,  together  with  many  boys  and  a 
score  of  yelping  dogii.  The  cause  of  this-^ 
and  which  the  queen  and  a  dosen  Toieea  in 


I 


u 


?1 


,Dieke«i4 


«GrFE  WISELY! 


11 


chorus  loudly  relate^i  at  the  same  inataiit,  go 
that  it  was  impossible  to  iiuderstfind  it — was 
the  sa<M«Mi  breakiiijj  loose  of  all  the  kanga- 
roos, who  had  made  their  ei*c*ape,  and  were 
now  in  full  flight  aerosa  the  countiy. 

A«*  soon  aa  this  intelligence  became  intel- 
ligible, Taoninj  who  was  onlyt<30  glad  to  break 
up  BO  unaatiMlactory  and  maddening  a  con- 
ference, formed  a  hunting-party  with  several 
chiefs,  and  st*t  out  in  pursuit  of  his  property 


linded  of  TeOra  by  the  qut'on,  and 
ler  be  intended!  she  shoul'l  remain 
lej  Ini  starved  to  <leath  in  Eat-nian 
Honse  ;  but  he  turned  a  deaf  ear  to  this,  and 
TO^tking  no  reply  hurried  away  after  hia  kiui- 

It  should  be  understootl  that  kangaroos, 
not  lieing  indigenc^na  to  New  Zealand,  the 
arri>ral  of  such  a  pr^ent  as  nine  of  thofie 
creaJLtirea  was  an  event  of  considerable  im- 
portance, as  it  was  to  be  hoped  that  the  breed 
niijtrht  l>e  propagateil,  and  thereby  afford  an 
admirable  atlditioQ  to  the  very  limited  live- 
stock or  the  countr}-.  Valuable,  however,  a.8 
thisfie  creatures  were  in  the  eycH  of  the  king, 
it  WTW  not  the  excitemerit  of  their  escape  that 
rendered  him  nnable  to  attend  to  the  queen 
wJien  she  reminded  him  of  Tedra,  but  rather 
that  he  wished  her  death  to  happen  by  a  sort 
of  indirect  process^  since  he  wa»  withheld  from 
Villi ug  her  in  an  otf-hand  way,  La  consequence 
of  the  influence  of  the  flute  juad  lui  its 
u      ' 

he  hiinting-party  sped,  men  and 
d  he  nine  kangaroos,  who  with  their 

i'  aps  wci"e  OL'tking  their  way  across 

ti'.-       v,^ — now   secreting  themselves  in 

fon^*i,  now  springing  forward  again  in 
terror  at  the  sound  of  tneir  approaching  pur- 
euersv — till,  finally,  having  turned  their  course 
to  the  rai*re  open  spaces  of  the  sandy  scrub, 
over  H'hose  drj*  clumps  and  ridges,  bushes  and 
iRhrulw,  they  could  rapidly  make  way  in  a 
^'i  '  '  '  fta,  while  their  pursuers  were 
'  all  sorts  of  windings    and 

ii.iviiM,^.>,  iuvv  completely  distanced  them, 
aivd,  for  a  time.,  were  loAt. 

"GIVE  wiisely:" 

AN   AJfZCDOTE, 

Oke  evening,  a  short  time  since,  the  cnrate 
of  B.,  a  small  \'iLIage  in  the  north  of  France, 
returned  much  f;ttigned  t^  his  humble  dwell- 
ing. He  limi  been  Nnsiting  a  poor  family  who 
were  suffering  from  both  want  and  sickness  ; 
and  the  worthy  old  man,  besides  administer- 
ing tlie  f^itisolations  of  religion,  htul  given 
them  a  few  sniall  coina,  aav^  by  rigid  self- 
denial  from  hia  scanty  income.  He  walked 
homewarils,  leaning  on  his  ritick,  and  thinking, 
with  8om>w,  how  very  small  were  the  means 
he  pofisessed  of  doing  good  and  relieving 
misery. 

As  he  ent©re<l  the  door,  he  heard  an  un- 
wonte«l  clamour  of  tongunst^  taking  the  farm 
of   a   by   no    mean^i    harmonious    duet,- 


unknown  male  voice  growling  forth  a  hoarsd 
bass,  which  was  completely  overscreeched 
by  a  remarkablv  high  and  thin  treble,  easily 
i-ecognised  bv  the  placid  curate  aa  proceeding 
from  the  well-practi»ed  throat  of  hia  house- 
keeper, the  shrewish  Perpetua  of  a  gentle  Don 
Abbondio. 

"A  pretty  business  this,  Monsieur  t"  eridd 
the  dame,  when  her  master  appeared,  as  withi 
flaahing  eyes,  and  left  arm  a-kimbo,  she  pointed 
with  the  other  to  a  surly-looking  man  dressed 
in  a  blouse,  who  stood  in  the  haJl,  holding 
a  vtiy  small  box  in  his  hand.  "  This  fellow, 
she  continued,  "ui  a  meaaenger  from  the 
diligence,  and  he  wants  to  get  fifteen  franco 
aa  the  price  of  the  carriage  of  that  little  box 
directed  to  you,  which  I  m  sure,  no  matter 
what  it  contAiofl,  can't  be  worth  half  the 
money." 

"  Pea«e,  Nanette,"  said  her  master ;  and 
taking  the  box  from  the  mail,  who,  at  his 
app>roach,  civilly  doffed  his  hat,  he  examined 
the  direction. 

It  was  exti^emely  heavy,  and  bore  the  stamp 
of  San  Fj-ancisco,  in  Califomia.  together  witn 
his  owM  address.  Tlie  cui-at^  paid  the  fifteen 
franc3,  which  left  him  possessed  of  but  a  few 
sous,  and  didndssed  the  messenger. 

He  tlien  opened  the  box,  and  displayeil  to 
the  astonished  eyes  of  Nanette  an  ingot  of 
virgin  gohi,  and  a  alip  of  paper,  on  which 
were  written  the  following  words : — 

"  To  Monsieur  the  Curata  of  B, 

"  A  slight  token  of  eternal  gratitude,   in 
rcmembroncG  of  August  28th,  1848. 

"  Charles  F 

"  Formerly  gerjeont-m^or  in  the  ~tli  regi- 
ment ;  now  a  gold-d^ggor  in  CaUfomla.** 

On  the  28th  of  Augxist,  1848,  the  curate 
was,  as  on  the  evening  in  question,  retunkuig 
from  >n&iting  his  poor  and  sick  parishioners. 
Not  far  from  his  cottage  he  saw  a  yoimg 
soldier  with  a  haggard  countenance  and  wild 
blooclshot  eyes,  hastening  towards  the  bank 
of  a  deep  and  rapid  river,  which  ran  through 
the  fields.  The  venendile  priest  stoppe^l  him 
and  spoke  to  him  kindly. 

At  first  the  young  man  would  not  answer, 
and  tried  to  break  away  from  hia  questioner  j 
but  the  curate  fearing  that  he  medi lotted 
suicide,  would  not  be  repulsed,  and  at  length, 
with  much  difficulty,  suoeeetled  in  leading 
him  to  his  house.  After  some  time,  softeneu 
by  the  tender  kindneaa  of  his  host,  the  soldier 
confe5se<l  that  he  had  spent  in  giuublinp^  a 
sum  of  money  which  had  been  entrusted  to 
him  »is  sergeant-major  of  his  company.  This 
avowjd  was  made  in  words  broken  by  si*li«, 
and  the  culprit  repeated  several  times,  "  My 
poor  mother !  ray  poor  mother  !  if  she  only 

The  curate  waited  imtil  the  sold-er  had 
become  more  calm,  and  then  addresse«l  him  ij* 
wordfl  of  reproof  and  coimael,  such  as  a  tender 
father  might  beatow  on  an  erring  eon.  He 
finished  by  giving  him  a  bag  containing  otit» 


Gterla  l»li 


CAPE-  SKETCHEa 


119 


ti  sty  grenerally  given  them 

t  'J  nsited  MaIacc^ 

Til-  very  good  Ikerd&ioeo  ■ 

Mod  Si  '  iu  L'uiiliug  goods  from 

Hm  fi  \i:    I   Bay,    Tliey  ai*e  a 

fljEM^i).  II,         lie  aufl  iudiiiitrioQA, 

luui    r  r   -I'ftr-:.      The   mouey 

mhidi  ii   the  vartb  in 

tii-iiiselves,  iuiil  *B 
Lt  is  by  no  means 
r  in  paymeut  «ome 
liuiiiircU  or  i,w<j  ot  s.^  illia' '4  aud  sUpe&oes  €n- 
cmiHted  iu  dirt,  tm^iug  been  diig  tip  ifter, 
liroliably,  two  year*"  interment  Many  of 
wcm  luxKe  a  bargaiti  with  their  tuastera  to 
x^ecive  to  mzuiy  cows  {x&r  ajinnm  instead  of 
j]aoii«y,  as  thia  sjiccit*  of  property  is  the 
luj^hcsst  of  ail  iu  tbvii*  e»tiutaiu.*u.  And  hei'e 
I  luAy  Dieniion  a  elreamstauce,  probably  not 
ltii(i'«it  Tu  tli^  f/»^Hf>-rJ  i>'jiiler,  and  to  which 
li  atrons  Kjii^  war- 

I  ii».   Katirs,  that  each 

tiuui  ^itH  pmrcktim  lua  wil'd  from  her  father, 
by  payment  d  a  oeriain  number  of  head  of 
catUe  aeoording  to  the  youne  la*iy'is  rank  m 
life.  Now  it  ofleo  happened  :mioiig  Katixs, 
aa  amop^  cirilised  Europcatia,  that  3  oung  uien 
of  very  amall  moai^  or  of  none  at  iiil,  fell  in 
'  .young  niaidesia  whoae  papaa  were 
I  dt>^-e(%  said  turii^  up  their  noses 
•  IS.  Tlie  .liJrnc  voatha  thus  re^ 
■rate  must  be 
w  I  1  fjsses.    Tliere- 

furtt,  Uiivki*^  iju  \c:r>'  gi'KSMJL  respect  for  the 
dis'tinpti'^r?  of  riffuui  and  inum^  they  would 
walk  '  iindiuy  into  the  cohHiy,  pick 

oat  tl.  uiuiiW  of  cattle  from  the 

fii-st  iwr«l  llji  V  saw,  drive  tbcm  to  their  own 
kraala  and  tJben — daim  their  bridea.  The 
Cokfaisti^  nut  txiklng  a  runiiaitic  view  of  the 
prooBediug,  calJed  it  theft ;  and  one  day. 
catling  a  lover  thus  employed,  he  waa  lodged 
In  g,arol  H«  waa  aflerwarda  beiag  conducted 
by  a  vexy  amall  escort  of  soldiers  to  a  town 
ou  tht»  frontier  for  trial,  and  waa  haudcufl«d 
io  a  HotUnitoL  prisoner.  On  the  ruad,  a 
go  party  of  armed  KnJin  rushed  out  of  tiie 
nh,  attack  atl  tlw^  guard,  chopped  oS  the 
"  t   in  order  to  free  their 

>i^    companionship,  and 
■     over  from  the  anr* 
Ueir  wa}"  back  into 

-Lii^    i-    i'a  amputated    arm 

>  ihe  wruit  of  the  lil»erart'd  Katir  J 
•r  I  if  :1k.'  colony  sent  t<)  the  chief 
tliey  were  tnKke<i,  to 
up  of  the  offenders, 
ic  cimef  icluiitd  iuul  told  the  Governor  to 
come  and  fytch  them  '*if  he  darad."  The 
other  chieia  joined  in  th^'  detiance ;  and  war, 
4>rc(UJm«f,  lie«:anie  inLn'iU'il>lv. 

TJie  other  ooloiireii  tribe*  I  liave  mentioned, 
iiLre  lesa  numerous  witJiin  the  colony.  The 
**-***—*  :  I,  ft,.,  r,,.,.*  ■  \  ilb^ed  of  them  all 
n  he  lum  hitharto 
liian  the  virtuea  of 
avilbsitiuij.    Astiona  emerging   from  bai^a> 


ri«rm  pass  thix)u^h  a  tranaition  state,  which, 
thiiiigh  leading  to  good  in  the  end,  ia  worae^ 
while  it  htstfiythan  the  origina]  savage  con- 
diiiun. 

The  kind  of  EtraopnaK  uuioub  required, 
muflt  now  be  cowuderedL  It  may  eaaJy  be 
inmgine<l  from  the  above  rough  sketch  Jf  ihe 
aLoriLfinal  tribes  of  South  Afri-i  t1i  it  j^icnd- 
ing  their  arrival  at  a  state  of  ,  the 

Jiuropean  settlers  ai'e  very  bad  I  1  iving 

to  depend  unon  their  Lxbour  uud  services  in 
farming  ana  domestic  operations.  The  an- 
noyance to  good  housewives  in  having  a  set 
;  of  dirty  and  drunken  servants,  u  beyond 
.  description.  Therefore,  ou  the  amval  of 
every  shipload  of  emigi-ants,  (and  thiy  are 
far  too  few,)  tliere  is  a  perfect  rush  to  ihb 
I  beach  to  offer  en^fagements  to  the  new  comen. 
Twenty 'five  ana  tliirty,  or  even  tliirty-aix 
pounds  a  year  are  freeW  oifered  aa  house^ 
nmid*s  wages  to  any  girl  from  England,  with- 
out an  inquiry  wiiethor  she  h&s  ever  been 
I  into  »er\ice  bef<jre.  Unfortunately  these  g'tfls 
have  frequeiitly  been  spoilt  on  the  voyace  by 
j  tlie  idleue3A  in  which  theijt'  days  have  oeen 
sj'TUt  ;  besldt^a  beiug  none  the  better  for 
"  Jack's  "  society,  who,  though  an  excellent 
fellow  iu  hi:»  way,  is  by  no  ukeans  "  the  house- 
maid^s  beat  companion." 

Farm  servants  are  in  gre^t  r'>n ti.>^t  A 
shepherd  will  get  from  fifty  to  uuda 

a  year,a  house  to  live  in,  and  0  ii ions 

for  himadf  and  fkmily,  however  numerous. 
Few  are  tke  slieep-larmera  fortmuUe  enough 
to  Dossess  a  good  Rngllah  or  Scotch  aliepherd. 

Very  superior  shepherds  —  men  of  some 
education — ^may  become  large  sheep-owners 
thesmselvea  in  time,  thus : — Merchants  and 
shop-keepers  of  property  have  generally 
farms  La  thie  oomatry,  which  they  cannot  of 
course  attend  to  theroiselves.  They  are  glad, 
therefore,  to  select  a  competent  person,  one 
thoroughly  acquainted  with  sheep,  with  a 
good  knowledge  of  the  country,  aivd  able  to 
speak  Dutch,  to  take  clmrge  of  their  fann, 
receiving  aa  a  remuneration  one  third  of  the 
increase  of  the  flock  each  year.  Dutch  k 
indiapensable,  because  half  yooj*  neighbours 
and  turee-fourths  of  your  servants  meak  no 
other  hmguage.  It  is  ea^v  acquirea — espe- 
ciiilly  by  Scotchmen,  who  lieclare  tluit  it  is 
*'  niickle  Like  their  ain  bonnle  tongue.^ 

The  lowest  rate  of  wages  paid  to  any. 
journeyman  artisan  is  five  shiUings  per  diem. 
Su^^eTii,  carpenters,  bricklayers  and  amithiSi, 
earn  much  more.  Plumbers  and  glaziers  are 
in  great  request.  If  you  are  unfortunate 
enough  to  break  a  pane  of  glass,  you  may 
frequently  have  to  wait  a  weeit  or  ten  days 
before  ih4  glazier  can  find  time  to  come  and 
mend  it  When  I  was  in  Port  EHiabeth, 
there  was  but  a  solitary  ghuder  there  (in  a 
town  of  three  tliousand  inhabitunts),  and  if 
sent  for,  he  would  probably  reply  with  great 
dignity  and  composure, 

^  Mr,  C/s  complimenta^  and  some  day  next 


120 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


I 


week  be  will  see  what  he  can  do  for  you ! " 
Ml".  C  waa  very  fund  of  cricket  mid  Cape 
smoke. 

One  of  the  first  tUingtj  that  strikes  a  newly- 
arrived  settler  in  a  colony  is  the  position  of 
••  l«l)Oiir," — exactly  the  reverse  of  what  he 
hxis  seen  it  at  home.  Here  labonr  goes  beggin^r ; 
in  the  colonies,  it  is  the  employera  who  are  the 
petitioners.  I  have  known  a  lady  walk  alwut 
the  whole  day,  calling  at  Hottentot  huts,  and 
'>fferlng  bribes  to  any  dirty  wench  she  might 
find  there,  to  come  and  be  her  servant,  and  all 
without  BUCcesB.  Yet  the  lady  waa  oon- 
aidered  the  moat  popular  miatreaa  in  the  town. 
I  have  turned  out  iu  a  now  Bhooting-coat,  and 
l«en  immediately  n«aailed  with  the  question, 

"  Who  made  it  I"    «  S /*  I  have  replied. 

"  Oh,  do  you  think  he  will  make  me  one  just 
now  ?  Are  you  in  favour  with  hiin  1  If  ho, 
put  in  a  word  for  roe,"  &c. ;  though  my  ques- 
tioners were  perfectly  ready  with  their  money 
to  jxty  for  the  coat,  if  the  tailor  would  only 
"be  kind  enough"  to  make  it.  A  wateh- 
maker  once  kept  my  watch  three  months, 
though  he  only  had  to  put  a  new  glti&s  in  it ! 
He  waa  very  fond  of  huntirig  and  horse- 
nicing. 

I  have  a  CTUftt  respect  for  '*the  rights  of 
lal»our,^  ana  I  think  a  day's  work  deserves 
a  Hay's  pav  ;  but  when  the  supply  of  work  so 
fiir  exceeds  that  of  workmen,  the  employer 
stands  in  a  very  uncomfortable  position,  while 
idle  fellows,  by  only  working  an  occaRionaJ 
hour  or  two  at  their  craft,  get  vcrj'  decent 
livelihoodft.  The  cricketing  glazier  and  the 
horae-nuang  watchmaker  were  prosperous 
men. 

Trk  Settlers  formerly  hml  a  mutual  dis- 
tnist  and  dislike  of  each  other.  The  Englinh 
and  Dutch  settlers  were  ever  mdulging  in  a 
rancorous  domestic  warfare  ;  but  thiit  is 
rapitlly  disappearing  and  intemiarriagea  are 
frequent.  The  only  subject  on  which  any 
feua  is  at  present  likely  to  he  raised  ia  the 
Church.  Any  attempt  on  the  part  of  Govora- 
ment  to  make  the  Church  nf  Eugluud  an 
Estofflis/fment  in  the  colony  will  be  met  with 
the  most  violent  and  rancorous  oppiosition 
from  the  Dutch  coloniata.  It  is  not  t/mr 
Church,  and  they  were  owners  of  the  soil  and 
jnilerR  of  tb0  lan<i,  before  the  EngliBh  set  foot 
in  South  Africa, 

The  Dutch  are  a  very  liberal  and  hoapi- 
tftble  set  of  people  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hujh:'. 
In  Cape  Town  many  of  them  are  merchants 
of  the  highest  standing  and  consideration* 
In  other  parts  of  the  colony  they  are  princi- 
|ially  "boers," — ^that  being  the  Dutch  word 
tor  '*  farmer.*'  In  England  we  attach  some- 
thing reproachful  to  the  word  *'  boor,"'  which 
the  persons  it  designates  do  not  deserve.  The 
Dutch  coloniKis  ^re  seldom  engaged  in  tnide. 
They  are  most  frugal  people-,  and  generally 
prosiperous;  but  they  are  certainly  unc^lueatcd, 
and  severely  *'  Don^progresaionistK."  They  use 
the  same  plough  aa  their  ancestors  used  eighty 


years  ago,  though  it  is  the  most  lumbering 
machine  ever  beheld,  and  takes  twelve  oxen 
Ui  draw  it.  They  shear  their  shee[»  with  the 
wool  all  dirty  on  their  backs,  though  every 
Englishman  washes  his  most  carefully,  and, 
conReqiiently,  gets  a  much  higher  price  for  his 
wool  They  rejex*t  steAm-mills  and  every 
other  imn roved  contrivance  for  grinding  their 
com,  and  still  adhere  to  the  piimitive  method 
of  pounding  it  with  a  kind  of  peatle  and 
mortar,  A  flail  is  unknown  junong  them, — 
the  com  ia  trodden  out  by  horses  or  oxen,  as 
described,  or  alluded  to,  in  the  Laws  of  Moaes ; 
thus  entirely  spoiling  the  straw. 

In  |>er8on,  the  Dutch'  boers  are  the  Enest 
men  in  the  Colony.  I  have  constantly  seen 
them  from  six  feet  two  to  six  feet  six  inches 
high  [  brood  and  muscular  in  proportion. 
Their  strength  is  gigantic,  and  though  a  very 
peaee;ibiy  disposiMl  set  of  men,  they  evidently 
entertain  a  compft«sionate  contempt  for  any 
diminutive  "  Englander."  Their  adnui"ation 
of  feats  of  daiing,  fictivity,  and  strength,  ia 
unbounded.  Such  a  man  as  Kr.  Gordon 
Cumming  would  be  welcomed  with  open  arms, 
and  begged  to  stay  for  any  length  of  tinte  at 
the  poorest  Dutch  boers  hut  in  the  Cjipc 
Colony.  They  marry  young,  and  have  gene- 
rally very  large  families.  To  the  seoomi  and 
third  generation  they  live  at  the  same  home* 
ijtead,  building  an  additional  hut  for  each 
newly-wedded  couple.  As  many  nf  them  live 
to  a  gi'eat  age,  it  is  no  unconiuioo  thing  to  see 
a  grandfather  and  grandmother  of  ninety, 
surrounded  by  haLf-^02en  sons,  having  m 
their  turn,  each  one,  another  half-dozen  grown 
up  children.  They  are  a  very  religious  peophi, 
and  observe  the  sabbath  with  the  greatest 
decorum,,  however  far  they  may  be  situated 
from  church  or  chapel.  And  indeed  it  is  a 
sight  calculated  to  impress  the  beholder  with 
the  most  pleasurable  and  enduring  ismotions, 
to  see  assembled  in  the  large  room  of  the 
principal  dwelling  in  a  Dutch  homestead,  a 
whole  family,  numbering  perhaps  forty  or 
Ei^y,  from  the  g^ey-headed  grantlsire  to  the 
tlaxen-locked  infant,  listening  with  devout 
attention  to  the  hallow-e<.]|  wmrds  of  the  saci^ed 
liook,  and  joining  in  pi-aver  and  praise  to  the 
Great  Father  of  the  whole  Inmiau  family. 

Four  times  a  year  the  sacrament  is  ad* 
miniatereti  in  every  Dutch  churdi  in  the 
colony.  And  theu,  from  far  and  wide,  the 
waggons  pour  into  the  towns,  bringing 
lamilieB  who  have  ti-avelled  even  one  hundred 
and  fifty  miles  to  partake  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 
New  Year's  Day  is  always  one  of  these  occa- 
sions,  and  indee<l  it  is  a  general  holiday 
thiv>ughout  the  land,  and  is  the  miM  sacred 
day  in  the  Dutch  Calendai*.  A  stranger 
would  imagine  that  some  ii&te  or  ^reat  enter- 
tainment, some  fair  or  festi\'al,  had  drawn  to- 
gether the  crowds  of  young  tuid  old  as8<?mltled 
m  the  towna  on  this  flay.  liittle  would  h« 
imagine  that  they  hail  been  summone*!  there 
only  by  the  recollection  of  the  tiivine  wurda, 
"This  do  in  remerabranoe  of  me,'* 


il 


t|Altrtt<  m  At  OScii  no.  ML  Weilfictoo  Sti««t  RcAh.  Soib4.    Prtntcd  br  B»49«nT  a  E«^«.  WUtaftlic^  Loautai 


*' Familiar  in  tJmr  Mouths  at  HOUSEHOLD  WOUDS  "— 8H*it«sr.eA«ii 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 

A   WEEKLY    JOURNAL 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


N"^  52.) 


SATURDAY,  NOVEMBEB  3.  1850, 


[Pmrci  2d. 


GOTTFRIED    KINKEL; 

A  LirB  VX  TSBKK  PIOTDliBB. 
PICTUBB  THE  PtRST- 

ToM  winter  of  1844  was  a  Mvcre  one  in 
Gerauny.  Both  aides  of  the  Ilhine,  for  many 
miles  between  Coblenz  and  Cologne,  were 
frozen  hard  enoxigh  to  bear  a  horse  and 
cart ;  and  even  tbe  centre,  save  and  exoept 
.  a  thin  stream  where  the  current  peraisted 
in  displaying  ita  urgent  vitality,  was  covered 
over  with  thin  ice,  or  a  broken  film  that  waa 
constantly  endeavouring  to  unite  and  con- 
solulate  its  quivering  flakes  and  particles. 
We  were  ftayuig  in  Bonn  at  this  time.  All 
the  En^liahmcn  in  the  town,  ^ho  were 
ekateni,  iflsued  forth  in  pilut-coata  or  dread- 
ikought  pea-jacketSf  and  red  worsted  oomfort- 
ers,  witri  their  skate»  dangling  over  their 
Hhooldcra.  Holding  their  aching  noaes  in 
their  left  handa,  they  ran  and  hobbled  through 
the  slippery  atreets,  and  made  their  way  out 
at  the  town^^tes  near  the  Univeraity.  They 
were  on  the  way  to  Poppkadorf — a  little 
villiig©  about  a  mile  distant  from  Bonn.  We 
were  among  them ; — vvd  comforter  round 
neck — skates  over  shoulder, 

Tbe  one  great  object  in  this  little  village  is 
a  somewhat  capncioufl  and  not  unpicturesque 
edifice  called  the  Schloss,  or  Caatle,  of  Pop- 
pleedorf.  The  outer  worka  of  ita  fortification* 
are  a  long  avenue  of  trees,  some  pretty  fir 
grovea  and  wooded  lulls,  numerous  vineyards, 
and  a  trim  Bcries  of  b<)tanic  gardens.  The 
embrajsurea  of  ita  walla  are  armed  with 
batteriea  of  learned  tomea ;  iu  soldiers  are 
eradite  professors  and  doctors  who  have 
chambers  there  ;  studenta  discourae  on  phi- 
losophy and  art,  and  awords  and  beer,  and 
KBolce  for  ever  on  ita  peaceful  drawbridge.* ; 
and*  on  the  wide  moat  which  surrounds  it, 
Englishmen  in  red  comforters — ^at  the  time 
whei-eof  we  now  speak — are  vigorously  skating 
with  their  accustom  if<l  gravity.  This  scene 
was  repeated  daily  for  several  weeka,  in  the 
winter  of  1844- 

One  morning,  issuing  forth  on  the  same 
serious  business  of  life,  we  perceived  that  the 
peasantry  of  Popplesdorf,  who  have  occasion  to 
come  to  Bonn  every  maiket-day,  had  contrived 
to  enliven  the  way  and  facilitate  the  journey 
by  the  gradual   coustructiou  of  a  series  of 

tttal  long  alidee.  We  stood  md  contemplated 


TOUU. 


these  lengthy  curves,  and  sweeps,  and  stjiange 
twisting  stnpes  of  silver,  all  Reaming  in  the 
morning  sun,  and  aoon  arrived  at  the  con- 
viction that  it  was  no  doubt  the  pleaaantest 
market^pathway  we  had  ever  seen.  No  one 
waji  coaung  or  soing  at  this  moment ;  for 
Popples  in  but  a  Little  dor/,  and  the  traDic  is 
far  irom  numerous,  even  at  the  busiest  hours^ 
Now,  there  was  a  peculiar  charm  in  the  clear 
shining  solitude  of  the  scene,  which  gave  ua. 
at  once,  an  impression  of  loneliness  combinea 
with  the  brightest  paths  of  life  and  activity. 

And  yet  we  gradually  b^an  to  feel  we 
should  like  to  see  somebody — student  or 
peasant— come  sliding  his  way  from  Popples* 
dorf.  It  was  evidently  the  best,  and  indee^l 
the  correct  mode  for  our  own  course  to  the 
frozen  moat  of  the  castle.  But  before  we 
ha<l  reached  the  beginning  of  the  first  slide 
(for  they  are  not  allowed  to  be  made  quite  up 
to  the  town  pites),  we  descried  a  figure  in  the 
distance,  which,  from  the  course  it  was  t^ng, 
bad  manifestly  issued  from  the  walls  of  the 
castle.  It  was  not  a  peasant — it  was  not  one 
of  our  countrvmeu  ;  be  it  whom  it  mighty  he 
at  least  took  the  slides  in  first-rate  style.  As 
he  advanced,  we  diaoemed  the  figure  of  a  tall 
man,  dressed  in  a  dark,  long-ekirted  frock 
coat,  buttoned  up  to  the  throat,  with  a  loW' 
crowned  hat,  from  beneath  the  broad  brim  of 
which  a  great  mass  of  thick  black  hair  fell 
heavilv  over  his  shoulders.  Under  one  arm 
he  held  a  great  book  and  two  smaller  ones 
closely  pressed  to  his  aide,  while  the  other  hand 
held  a  roH  of  paper,  which  he  waved  now  and 
iheji  in  the  air,  to  balance  himself  in  hia 
sliding.  Some  of  the  slides  rei^uired  a  good 
deal  of  skill ;  they  ha*l  awkward  twirls  naif 
round  a  stone,  with  here  uiid  there  a  sadden 
downwanl  sweep.  Onward  he  <^me,  and  we 
presently  recogniae<l  him.  It  was  Dr.  Gott- 
fried Kinkel,  lecturer  on  Archaeology  ;  one  of 
the  most  able  and  estimable  of  the  learned 
men  in  Bonn. 

Gottfried  Kinkel  was  bom  in  a  village 
near  Bonn,  where  his  fiither  was  a  clerg}'- 
man.  He  was  educated  at  the  Gymnasium  of 
Bonn,  and  during  the  whole  of  that  period, 
he  was  especially  remarkable,  amou^  com- 
panions by  no  means  famous  for  ataid  and 
orderly  habits^  «a  a  vefT  quiet,  hodustrioua, 
young  man,  of  a  sincerely  religious  bent  of 
mind,  which  gained  for  him  the  notice  and 


122 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


[CABaartisi  kf 


regikrd  of  nJJ  the  cler^'v  and  the  moat  dftvmit 
among  tht?   iiihabitjurt^   of  the    lown.      His 

p^*'     '     ^'   ■ v'Tc    liberal;    but   never 

which   were   comiuoidv 

t :         :  i!i.'  l»v  Ti.»»rlj  all  men  of 

etlncalion.     He  etii'l  lyat  the  TJni- 

vemty,  where  he  gi  Jiguiahed  him- 

self  in   various   brant^lieH  of    learning,  and 
obtAined  the  degree  of  Doctor  in  Philosophy. 

He  first  pre/iched  nit  Cologiif,  atiul  with 
^rent  success,  his  oratory  being  coni-iidered  as 
brilliant  as  hia  i-eaaoniilgH  were  convin 
Hi8  sennons  were  tubaeqaently  publi 
Aud  became  very  popular,  and  be  %*as  cli»r^.  .1 
as  a  leiKiher  of  Theology  in  the  University  of 
Bonn. 

He  n^xt  turned  liia  attention  i,o  the  stivly 
of  the  Arts.  On  this  9u>*ject  he  wrote  and 
published  a  History,  and  lectured  on  "  Ancient 
and  Medieval  Art,"  both  in  the  University 
and  other  public  inatutiona,  with  unparalleled 
enccf^ts  and  applause. 

His  labours  at  this  period,  and  for  a  long 
time  after,  were  ver\'  anluoiift,  generally  occu- 
pying thirteen  hours  a  day.  J^ing  only  what 
m  cjillerl  a  "  privat-docent,"  he  did  not  as 
yet  receive  any  salaiy  tit  the  University  ;  he 
was  therefore  conipelletl  to  work  hnird  in 
various  ways,  in  order  to  make  a  eniall  in- 
come.   However,  he  did  this  very  cheerfully. 

But  his  aliandonment  of  Theology  for  these 
now  Htndlea,  caused  him  the  loas  of  most  of 
hla  devout  friendyi.  Thpy  shook  their  heads, 
feared  that  the  change  denoted  a  step 
from  the  true  and  severely  marked 
of  orthodox  opinions.  They  were  right  ; 
for  h«  soon  after  said  tb.iit  he  thought  the 
purity  of  religion  would  be  best  attained  by  a 
aeparation  of  Oiurch  and  State  ! 

Dr,  Kinkel  suffera  no  small  odium  for  this  ; 
out  he  can  endure  it.  He  has  uttered  an 
honest  sentiment,  resulting  from  his  i)a«t 
studiea  ;  he  has  become  a  highly  applauded 
and  deeervefily  eateenied  lecturer  on  another 
itibject ;  he  is,  moreover,  one  of  the  best 
sliders  in  Bonn^  and  is  now  Kilaueinp;  his  tall 
figure  (a»  just  described)  with  b<wka  under 
one  arm,  on  hh  way  to  the  University. 

Happy  Gottfried'  Kiukel ! — may  you  have 
health  and  strength  to  slide  for  many  a  good 
winter  to  come  ! — rare  Doctor  of  Philoaopby, 
to  feel  BO  much  boyish  vitality  after  twenty 

f'eara  of  hard  study  and  seclusion  ! — fortunate 
ecturer  on  Archaeolo^',  to  live  in  a  country 
where  the  &im|ilicit^  of  mannen  will  allow  a 
Professor  to  slide  hia  way  to  his  class,  without 
danger  of  being  reproved  by  hia  grave  and 
potent  seniors,  or  or  shocking  the  respectable 
mhabitauta  of  hia  town  t 

PICTUHE  THE  SECOND. 

The  Caatle  of  Popplcedorf  comroandfl  the 
motft  beautiful  views  of  aome  of  the  mo«t 
beautiful  pATts  of  RheniBh  PruBsia  ;  and  the 
vwTY  beat  point  from  which  to  look  at  them, 
ii  the  window  of  the  room  that  used  to  be  the 
atudy  of  Dr.  Gottfried  Kinkel,    That  used  to 


be — and  ta  not  now — aloa,  the  day  f  But  we 
m\iMt  not  auticipato  e\'ila  *,  they  will  come 
only  tcto  soon  in  their  natund  eours^e. 

1q  this  room,  hia  libniry  and  study,  we 
called  to  5e«  I>r.  Kiiikel.  ITiere  he  sat^ 
dreasing-gown,  aliiTtpers,  and  cloud-compelling 
pipe.  The  walls  were  all  shelves,  the  shelves 
all  books, — some  lx>und,  some  in  boards, 
*'  some  in  rags,  and  some  in  jags," — ^together 
with  papera,  maps,  and  scientific  instruments 
of  brass  and  of  steel.   Tliere  stood  the  Hebrew, 

■k,  and  Roman  authors  ;  in  another  divi- 

,  the  Italian  and  French:  on  the  other 
-r  it,  in  long  irregular  ranges^  the  old Germau 
and  the  motieni  German  ;  and  near  at  hand, 
the  Anglo-Saxon  and  English.  What  else, 
and  there  wa»  much,  we  hflji  not  time  to  note, 
Ixnug  called  to  look  out  at  the  mndow.  What 
a  window  it  was  ! — a  simple  wooden  frame  to 
what  exquisite  and  various  scenery !  Let  the 
reatler  bear  in  mind,  that  it  is  not  winter  now 
— ^but  a  bright  morning  in  May. 

Close  l>eneath  the  window  lay  the  Botanic 
Grardena,  with  their  numerous  parterres  of 
flowers,  their  lines  and  divisions  of  shrubs  and 
herbfi.  Within  a  range  of  a  few  miles  round, 
we  looked  out  upon  the  jjeaceful  little  vilkges 
of  Popjilesdorf  and  Kessenichj  and  the  fertile 
plain  extending  from  Bonn  to  Godesberg — 
with  gentle  hil  w,  vales,  and  ridges,  all  covered 
with  vineyarils,  who«o  young  leaves  eave  a 
tender  greenness  and  freah  look  of  bri^tand 
joyous  childhood  to  the  scj-nery.  Beyond 
them  we  saw  the  Kessenicher  Hrjhe,  the* blue 
slate  roofe  and  steeples  of  many  a  little  church 
and  chapel,  and  the  broad,  clear,  serpent 
windiugft  of  the  Rhine,  with  the  grey  and 
pur|>le  range,  in  the  distance,  of  toe  Seven 
Mountains,  t^?rminating  with  the  Drachenfek. 
Over  the  whole  uf  this,  with  the  exce[)tion 
only  of  «uch  soft,  delicate  shades  and  shallows 
as  were  needful  to  display  the  rest,  there  lay 
a  clear  expanse  of  level  sunflhine,  so  tender, 
bright,  and  moveless,  as  to  convey  an  im- 
preaaion  of  bright  enchantment,  which  grew 
upon  your  gaze,  and  out  of  which  nipture  you 
awoke  aa  from  a  dream  of  fairy  land,  or  from 
the  contemplation  oi'  a  scene  in  some  ideal 
sphere. 

Fbrttmate  Dr.  ICinkel,  to  have  such  a 
window  as  this  !  ft  was  no  wonder  that, 
besides  hia  studies  in  Tlie(.>logy,  in  ancient  and 
medice^Til  art,  and  in  ancient  and  modeni 
languages — besides  writing  hia  History  of  the 
Arts,  and  contributing  Teamed  paj^era  to 
varioTiB  periodicals— besides  prcn  '  ■  '  '- 
turing,  and  public  and  private  I  ^ 

soul  was  obliged  to  compose  a  voUnu  .  ,,  ,  ;u.'i 
— and  again  displease  the  severely  orthodox, 
by  the  absence  of  aU  prayers  in  verse,  and  the 
presence  of  a  devout  love  of  natiire. 

For,  here,  in  their  placidity. 
Learning  and  Fooey  abide ; 

Not  slumbering  ou  the  uufathomed  ieD« 
Yet  ull  unoouecloua  of  the  tido 

That  nrgps  on  mortality 
Id  oddios,  and  in  circles  wide. 


I 


CWriM  IHrknt.1 


GOTTFRIED  KINKEL. 


12a 


Ah.  bcfe.  tine  soul  onn  look  abrond 

E  ii  gold  from  !  foni, 

^'arkling  to  t  ■  atn  ; 

y«t  be  no  taiser  with  ila  ho.Tir<l, — 
Fo  dmmer  of  the  oommou  dream. 

TbuA  aang  Dr.  Kmkel,  in  our  imperfL^rt 
truuihUiioo  thus  modequat^t^Iy  ecLocd  ;  said 
Ifcere  he  vmDUght  hanil  in  his  vocation,  amidst 
the  smilea  of  aome  of  the  loveliest  of  Nature's 


But  be«ides  the  posaeanon  of  all  the«e  booka, 
and  of  this  wonderful  window.  Dr.  Kiukel 
wiia  yet  more  fortunate  in  his  domestic  rela- 
ttotUL  He  was  marnetl  to  an  amiahlef  highly 
educated,  and  arcom|»liah€d  ladv,  who  cnaea- 
voured,  by  all  the  mean»  in  her  power,  to  aeabit 
hifl  lalionrSj  and  rentier  thein  leas  onerous  by 
her  own  exertion*.  She  was  a  very  fine 
mnsiciaiif  and  a  superior  pianoforte  player — 
otie  of  the  favourite  pupik  of  Moschelea^  aiid 
afterwarda,  we  believe,  of  Mendelaaohn.  She 
divided  her  time  equally  between  aansting 
her  huaband,  educating  their  child,  and  giiaii|^ 
|»nvmt4»  lesaona  in  music ;  and  beoiaae  this 
accomtiE^ed  hanl- working  couple  did  not 
find  tneir  eotin^ea  quite  worn  out  by  toiUng 
for  thirteen  hours  a  day,  they  gave  a  privi^te 
concert  at  the  Castle  once  a  month,  at  which 
a  whole  opera  of  Mozart  or  Weber  was  often 
gODO  throQgh — ^both  the  instrumental  and 
vocal  parta  l>eing  by  amateursi,  or  pupUa  of 
Madam  Kink«?L 

80^  once  Rgain,  we  say,  notwithstanding  all 
theae  labours,  Dr.  Kinkera  life  in  the  Caette 
ol  Poppleatloif,  was  that  of  a  fortunate  and 
hamy  nuu;^  At  this  period  he  was  about  two 
aild  thirty  years  of  ase.  He  couUl  not  have 
been  more  ;  probably  ne  was  leas. 

PICTCTIE  THE  THIHD. 

It  it*  tJie  year  1848,  and  the  Continental 
Revolatfoiis  nri^  shaking  all  the  foreign 
thrones.  Evervht^^ly,  not  dirtictly  or  in- 
directly in  the  pay  of  a  Conrt,  fet  Ib  that  the 
lot  ^.f  tlit-  people  should  be  ameliorated.  The 
]  '  01  all  nations  have  borne  enonuoua 

I  ith   extraCTi dinary  patience,  for  a 

vci>  — «ay  a  thovisand  ye4irfi — and 

at  U.-  .^  no  more  patience  left.     But 

what  is  ail  rniA  to  abaftiact  thought,  to  learning 
and  Bcience,  to  poetic  raptiirfs  and  picturesque 
«aae  ?  ^"^  '  ■  nitherto  been  r^artled  as  too 
gFom\  1,  or  of  too  coarse  and  common 

apnir  ...:  r  the  great  majority  of  those 
whose  lives  were  pa;a8ed  in  abstnict  studies 
and  refinementa.  Ay — but  this  must  not 
eontintie.  Tlic  world  has  come  to  a  pass  at 
which  every  soul  must  awake,  and  should  be 
"up  lu 

Dr  Kinkel,  now,  beaideB  hia  other 

honours  :i!nj  Muoluments,  and  private  earn- 
ings^ ia  instiUled  na  a  salaried  Profesor  in  the 
University  of  Bonn.  It  cannot  be  but  auch  a 
man  mast  aw.ike,  and  take  an  intereat  in  theae 
Continental  revolutions  which  are  boiBng  up 
all  ronnd  him.    Still,  it  ia  not  likely  he  will 


step  into  the  vortex,  or  approach  it.  His 
worldly  p..-ii'i.»i^  i-j  «trong  against  it- — all  his 
interests  t  it ;  moreover,  he  has  a 

wife,  and  i  has  now  three  children. 

Howbeit,  Dr.  Kinkel  does  lise  with  these 
events,  and  hia  wife,  so  far  from  restraining 
him,  feels  the  same  enthusiastic  patriotism, 
and  exhorts  him  to  step  forwanl,  and  swell 
the  torrent  of  the  time.  He  feels  strongly 
that  Pnissia  should  have  a  constitution;  that 
her  intellect  and  sober  character  deserves  a 
constitutional  monarchy,  like  ours  in  En^and, 
with  such  improvements  aa  ours  manifestly 
needs,  and  he  places  himself  at  the  head  ot 
the  popular  pai-ty  in  Bonn,  where  he  delivers 
public  orations,  the  truthful  eloquence  and 
Doldnesa  of  which  startle,  delight,  and  en- 
courage his  audiences. 

He  is  soon  afterwartls  elected  a  member  of 
the  Berlin  parliament.  He  nidee  with  the 
Left^,  or  democratic  pally  ;  he  advocates  the 
cause  of  the  oppressed  people  and  the  poor  t 
he  argues  manfully  and  perseveringly  the  real 
interests  of  all  governments,  in  granting  a 
ratiomvl  amount  of  liberty,  showing  that  in 
the  present  stage  of  the  moral  world,  it  is  the 
only  thing  to  prevent  violence,  and  to  secure 
gsHMl  onler.  His  speeches  breathe  a  prophetic 
spirit. 

The  revolution  gathers  fuel,  more  rapidly 
than  can  be  well  disposed,  and  it  takes  fire 
at  Baden.  The  flamea  reach  near  and  far^ 
many  are  irreaistibly  attracted.  T'"  -  '•  ve 
seen,  and  too  well  remember,  the  f  i 

and  treachery  of  governments — ^tli.,  ..ve 
the  moment  has  come  to  strike  a  blow  which 
shall  gain  and  establish  the  constitutional 
liberty  they  seek.  Dr.  Kinkel  immediately 
leaves  his  Professorship  ;  he  bclievea  he 
ought  now  to  join  those  who  wield  the  swonl^ 
and  peril  their  lives  in  support  of  their 
principles.  He  propc»aes  to  hasten  to  Bailen, 
to  defend  the  t^'natitufion  framed  by  the 
Frankfort  parHauicnt.  His  patriotic  wife 
consents,  and  in  the  evening  ho  takes  leave  of 
her,  and  of  his  sleeping  children. 

It  mivst  not  be  concealed  that  with  this 
strong  feeling  in  favour  of  a  constitutional 
monnrchy,  there  was  an  infusion  of  princicilea 
of  a  more  sweeping  character ;  nor  woula  it 
be  going  too  far  to  say  that  amidst  the  insur- 
gents of  Ba<len  were  some  who  entertained 
opinions  not  far  remove<l  from  red  repubU- 
cxmism.  Be  this  as  it  may,  w©  are  persuaded 
that  Dr.  Kinkel's  political  principles  and  aims 
were  pui'ely  of  a  constitutional  character, 
however  he  may  have  been  lirawn  into  the 
fierce  vortex  of  men  and  circumatances  which 
surrounded  him. 

Dt.  Kinkel  serves  for  eleven  days  in  a 
free  corps  in  Baden,  where  the  army  of 
the  Insurgents  have  assembled.  At  the  com- 
meiicement  of  the  battle,  he  is  wounded,  and 
taken  prisoner  with  arms  in  his  hands.  Tho 
sequel  of  these  struggles  is  well  enough 
known ;  but  the  fnte  of  the  prisoners  who 
Burvived  their  wounds,  must  be  noticed. 


124 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


According  to  the  Prufisian  law,  Dr.  Klokol 
ahould  have  been  aentenced  to  aix  yojira'  con- 
fineineut  as  a  state  prisoner  This  Hcntericc 
is  accordindy  passed  upon  the  uUmr  ptt- 
Bonera ;  aud  with  a  wifie  and  comtuendable 
clemency  many  are  set  free  after  a  Hhort  Liiue. 
But  tkB  Dr.  Kinkel  is  a  man  of  high  education 
and  celebrity,  it  is  thought  beat  to  give  him 
a  very  ^vere  punishment,  according  to  the 
old  ignoranoe  of  what  is  called  **  making  an 
example,"  —  a^  if  thb  sort  of  example  did 
not  pixivoke  and  etimulate,  rather  than  deter 
others ;  and,  ns  if  clemency  were  not  only  one 
of  the  noblest  attributes  of  royalty,  but  one 
of  its  best  safeguardii  m  ita  effect  on  the 
feelings  of  a  people. 

Dr.  Kinkel  ia,  accordiDgly,  aentenced  to  be 
imprisoned  for  life  in  a  fortreflg^  aa  a  state 
criminal ;  and  away  ha  ia  carried. 

But  now  cornea  into  play  the  anger  and 
reaeutment  of  many  of  tnoa©  who  \i^  once 
BO  much  admired  Kinkel,  aud  held  him  up 
ft9  a  religious  chimipion,  until  the  woeful  day 
when  he  left  preaching  for  the  study  of 
the  arts  ;  and  the  yet  more  woeful,  not  to  call 
it  diabolical  hour,  when  he  announced  his 
opinion  that  a  aeparatiou  of  Church  and 
State  might  be  the  beat  course  for  both. 
After  a  series  of  intrigneSi  the  enemies  of 
Kinket  induce  the  Ki^  to  alter  the  sen* 
tence ;  but  in  order  to  avoid  the  appeai'ance 
of  uuuBual  severity,  it  ia  announced  that  his 
sentence  of  imprLaonment  in  the  fortress 
shall  be  alleviated,  by  ti-ansferring  him  to  an 
ordinaiy  prison.  In  pursuance,  therefore, 
of  these  suggeatious  oi  hiB  enemies,  he  ia 
ordere<l  to  be  huprjaoii«id  for  life  in  one  of 
the  prisons  appropriated  to  the  vileat  male- 
factors— viz.,  to  the  prison  of  Naugard,  on  the 
Baltic, 

Dr.  Kinkel  is  dressed  in  sackcloth^  and  his 
head  ia  shaved.  Hia  wedding-ring  ia  taken 
from  him,  and  every  little  memento  of  hta 
wife  ami  children  which  might  afford  him 
couflolation.  Hia  bed  ia  a  sack  of  straw  laid 
upon  a  boanl.  He  has  to  scour  and  clean  hia 
cell,  and  perfoim  every  other  menial  ufiice. 
Light  is  allowed  him  only  ao  long  as  he  toils ; 
and,  aa  soon  aa  the  requisite  work  is  done,  the 
light  is  taken  away.  Such  is  Ms  melancholy 
lot  at  the  present  moment ! 

He  who  used  to  toil  for  thirteen  hours  a 
day  amidst  the  Iciirned  langua^ea  and  the 
works  of  antiquity,  iu  the  study  of  Theology, 
and  of  the  arts — the  clo«]Uent  preacher,  lec- 
turer, aud  tutor — is  now  corapHalled  to  waste 
his  life,  with  all  its  aoquirumeuta^  in  spinning. 
For  thirteen  hours  every  day,  he  ia  doomed 
to  spin.  By  thia  labour  he  eama,  every  day, 
tlureepencc  for  the  Htate,  and  a  halfpenny  for 
himself  J  Thia  latter  aum,  amounting  to 
threepence  a  week,  ia  allowed  Imu  in  mercy, 
and  with  it  he  is  permitted  to  purchase  a 
ilried  herring  and  a  amall  lo^if  of  coarae 
brown  bi-ead, — which,  furthermore,  he  ia 
allowed  to  eat  aa  a  Sunday  dinner, — hia  ordi- 
naiy  food  consisting  of  a  aort  of  odioufi  pap 


iu  the  morning  (after  having  spun  for  four 
hours),  some  vegetables  at  noon,  and  soma 
bread  and  water  at  night. 

For  months  he  has  not  enjoyed  a  breath  ot 
fresh  air.  He  is  allowed  to  walk  daily  for 
half-4m-hour  in  a  covered  passage  ;  but  even 
this  is  refused  whenever  the  gaoler  ia  occupied 
with  other  matters,  and  cannot  attend  to^ 
trifles. 

Dr.  Kinkel  has  no  booka  nor  papers ; — there 
is  nothing  for  him  but  spiiming — e[>tniiing — 
spinning  !  Once  a  month  he  ia,  by  great  cJc- 
mency,  allowed  to  write  one  letter  to  hin 
wife,  which  has  to  pass  through  the  hands  of 
hia  gaoler,  who,  bemg  empiowered  to  act  ai» 
censor,  jmUcioualy  strikea  out  whatever  he 
does  not  choose  Madam  Kinkel  to  know. 
All  Bympathiaing  letters  are  strictly  withheld 
from  him,  while  all  those  which  severely  take 
him  to  task,  and  censure  his  politiad  opiuiona 
and  conduct,  are  carefully  pbced  in  his  handH, 
when  he  stops  to  take  his  breath  for  a  minute 
from  hifl  eternal  spinning. 

Rehvtives  are  not,  by  the  law,  allowe<l  b> 
sec  a  crimiDaJ  during  the  first  three  mouth»  ; 
after  that  time,  they  u^y.  But  after  having 
been  imprisoned  at  Naugard  three  months — 
short  ot  a  day — Dr.  Kinkel  ia  suddeidy  re- 
moved to  anotiicr  prison  at  Spjuidou,  thei'O  to 
re-commence  a  period  of  three  months.  By 
thia  device  he  ia  prevented  from  seeing  hi»' 
wife,  or  any  friena — ^all  iu  a  perfectly  l^a  I 
way. 

The  gaoler  is  strictly  enjoined  not  to  affonl 
Dr.  Kinkel  any  sort  of  opiiortunity,  either  by 
writing  or  by  any  other  means,  of  making 
intercesaiou  with  the  King  to  obtain  pardon, 
or  the  commutation  of  his  sentence  into 
banishment.  All  these  injunctions  are  fully- 
obeyed  by  the  gaoler — indeed  the  preeent  one 
is  more  severe  than  any  of  the  others. 

Nevertheles!^  the  melancholy  truth  ha^ 
oosicd  out^ — the  picture  has  woni  its  tearful 
way  through  the  denaa  stone  walls — and  here 
it  t»  for  ^  to  see, — and,  we  doubt  not,  for 
muny  to  feel. 

'  Oottfrie<l  Kinkel,  so  recently  one  of  tlie 
most  adinii-ed  profesaore  of  the  University  of 
I^nn,  one  uf  the  ornaments  of  the  scholarship 
aud  literature  of  modem  Germany,  now 
clothed  in  sackcloth,  with  shaven  head,  atid 
attenuated  frame,  sits  spinning  his  last 
threads.  He  utters  no  reproadiica,  do  com* 
plaints  ;  but  bears  his  sufferings  wiUi  a  sweet 
resignation  that  savours  alrcaoy  of  the  angelic 
abodes  to  which  his  contemplations  are  ever 
directed.  He  haj  entreated  his  wife  to  have 
hia  heart  buried  amidst  those  lovely  scene* 
on  which  he  ao  often  ga^ed  with  sei-ene 
rapture,  from  his  study-window  in  the  Castle 
of  Poppleailorf. 

Thoae  who  behold  tliis  la«t  picture,  and 
revert  to  the  one  where  the  professor  came 
happUy  sliding  hia  way  to  his  class  at  the 
University,  may  perchance  share  the  emotion 
which  minkes  us  pass  our  hands  across  our 
eyes,  to  put  aside  the  irrepressible  tribute  of 


narrow  which  dinui  and  confijAeB  the  page 
before  na.  Hia  worst  eueniiea  could  never 
l.nvn  r>r.rit«mplated  wn'thmg  BO  Bad  as  thia. 
leecC  hare  already  relented, — but  let 
I  reeding  voices  be  heard  before  it  is 

too  l&t«. 

The  literary  men  of  no  country  are  united, 
or  they  might  moye  the  whole  kingdom.  Still 
Ittm  ure  the  litar&ry  men  of  different  eountnea 

1  "     ■         *  Mit  move  the  world.     But 

without  a  common  ervm- 

2  1  1  .  .iter?  We  are  eure  this  ia 
ji  .f  tn-  <^:i.-r  ;  '.:u<\  making  this  appeal  to  the 
literary  men  of  England,  we  believe  it  will 
not  be  in  vain.  Nor  are  we  without  hope, 
that  a  strong  sympathy  of  this  kind,  being 
duly  and  respectfully  made  known  to  the 
Kin|;  of  Prussia,  or  to  Baron  Manteufel,  the 
Miniater  of  the  Interior,  may  induce  His 
Majesty  to  consider  that^  the  revolution  being 
at  an  end,  clemencv  ia  not  only  the  "  brightest 
jewel  in  a  cTown,*'  but  ita  nobleat  strength, 
and  that,  while  royal  power  can  lose  nothing, 
it  tDtui  ffiin  bonour  by  remittine  all  ^rther 
imialahxnent  of  one  who  has  onfy  shared  in 
the  political  ofTenc©  of  thousands  who  are 
now  at  liberty.  All  that  the  fricndi*,  at  home 
and  abroad,  of  Gottfried  Kinkel  ask  is — hia 
liberation  from  prison,  and  a  permission  to 
emigrate  to  England  or  America, 


THE  DOOM  OF  ENGLISH  WILLS. 

CJLTIttDRAL  NUMBKR  THREE. 

T«8  core  of  the  inquiiy  which  Mr,  Wil- 
liam Wallace  had  at  hearty  lay  imbe^lded  in 
tka  denositoriea  of  un  impeachable  Eccle^ias- 
tieal  BegiMtry  number  tliree.  To  the  dty  of 
that  See  he  therefore  rejiaired,  warmed  by 
that  flaming  xaal  which  only  bums  in  the 
hrtamt  of  an  earnest  antiquary,  and  which  no 
amount  of  disappointment  can  quench.  Though 
aanguine.;  even  for  an  antiquity- hunter,  the 
liones  which  rebounded  from  his  previous 
failurea,  sunk  within  him,  when  he  remem- 
bered that  whereas  he  was  in  former  instances 
iMitiftcd  with  letteni  of  recommendation — 
almost  of  command — ^firom  the  Bishopa  of 
each  Diocese;  on  this  occasion,  he  had  to 
fijght  single-hwided,  (like  another  St.  George,) 
""  5  dmgous  that  "guarded"  the  treasures  he 

ight,  He  had  no  better  introduction  to  the 
^<(llsra  Denuty-Registrar  than  an  honest  pur- 
pose ;  ana,  his  former  experience  taught  him 
that  that  was  about  aa  unpromiaiiig  an  usher 
into  sneh  a  Presence  as  could  be  imagined. 
Mr.  Wallace  therefore  commenced  this  new 
Attack  with  no  strong  presentiment  of  success. 

Streiwthened  with  an  ally,  in  the  person  of 
a  frienoly  attorney,  Mr.  William  Wallace 
marched  boldly  to  the  great  fonctionaryV 
house,  a  splendid  edifice  in  the  Cathedral 
Close,  with  thirty-three  windows  in  front, 
extensive  grounds  behind,  detached  stables 
and  a  tasteful  boat-house  at  the  edge  of  what 
Is  here  called  the  **  Minster  Pool.^ 


Into  this  great  house  of  a  great  man,  Mr, 
William  Wallace  was  ushered  by  his  friend. 
Nothing  cotild  exceed  the  obsemiiouaneas  of 
the  man  of  law,  and  great  wna  tbe  civility  oi 
the  man  of  wills.  The  interview  was  going  on 
pleasantly  and  the  antiquary  was  beginning 
to  believe  that  at  Inat  he  bad  found  a  pattern 
Deputy- Registrar,  when  the  lawyer  happened 
to  mention  tliat  Mr.  >Villiam  Wallace  was  a 
literary  man.  Mr.  Wallace  felt  that  this 
would  be  fatal — and  it  was  so.  He  knew  the 
condign  contempt  Ecclesiastical  Registrara 
entert'iined  for  the  literary  world,  from  the 
little  circumstance  of  hearing  only  the  week 
l»efore  in  another  Registry,  tbe  most  eminent 
historian  of  the  present  day,  and  our  beat 
archaic  topogriipher,  designated  aa  "  contemp- 
tible pemiy-a-liiiera.*'  Mr.  Wallace  was  there- 
fore not  at  all  aatonishe^l  when  the  Deputy- 
Re^str&r  folded  up  his  smiling  countenance 
into  a  frown.  He  evidently  knew  what  was 
coming.  Literary  men  never  pay,  and  Mr. 
WUliara  Wall  nee  wanted  to  consult  *hia* 
reguters  gratia. 

when  this  shrewd  surmise  was,  by  a  word 
from  the  attorney,  realised,  the  Registrar  strug- 
gled hard  to  smoothe  his  face  again  to  a  con- 
dition of  bland  composure  ;  but  m  vain.  The 
wound  which  had  pterced  through  his  pocket, 
rankled  within.  Tlie  depravity  of  literary 
people  in  endeavouring  to  dig  and  delve  for 
nistorical  information  witlvovit  paying  for  the 
privilege  of  benefitting  the  public  by  their 
researcnei!,  was  t&o  abominable  !  The  Regis- 
trar was  ao  good  as  to  sav  that  he  would 
grant  Mr.  WaJlace  the  privilege  of  consulting 
any  wills  he  nleased — on  tbe  usual  terms : 
namely,  two  snillittga  and  sixpence  for  every 
document* 

With  this  condescending  permission  (which 
placed  Mr.  Wallace  on  exactly  the  same 
footing  as  the  great  l>ody  of  the  public  which 
had  not  done  itself  the  honour  of  visiting 
the  Deputy-Registnir)  he  repaired  to  the 
Searching  Office.  The  point  he  had  set  liim- 
self  to  ascertain  at  this  Cathedral  Registiy 
number  three,  hinged  upon  an  authentic  attes- 
tation of  the  deoease  of  the  father  of  a  distin- 
gnished  general  under  Charles  the  First  The 
name  was  a  very  common  one  in  tbe  diocese^ 
and  of  course  continually  occurred  in  the 
index*  Will  after  will  was  produced  by  the 
clerks ;  half-crown  after  half-crown  fell  glibly 
out  of  Mr.  WaUace*8  pocket.  Still  no  success. 
Of  all  the  namesakes  of  the  person  sought, 
who  had  become  teatatora  in  the  early  part 
of  the  seventeenth  century,  the  one  particular 
testator  whose  last  act  and  deed  Mr.  Wallace 
sought,  was  not  to  be  found.  This  proved 
an  expensive  day.  Mr.  Wallace  had  had  to 
pay,  in  the  course  of  it,  twenty-five  pounds ; 
although  he  was  not  allowed,  aa  at  the  other 
places^  to  make  a  single  extract 

For  this  large  sijm  Mr.  WaDaee  gained 
nothing  but  materials  for  a  litUe  wholesome 
criticism  on  the  indexes  or  calendazv.  Somo 
of  the  WHIb  in  thia  R^^ry  are  dated  aa 


1S6 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


4CoD4<ic1t4bT 


early  as  the  beKiiining  of  the  fourteenth  ecu- 
iunr ;  but  all  Loe  Kcgistrai's  aiuce  that  tLai«, 
with  their  progresisivt'ly  enonuoua  incomes, 
have  not  found  it  coufiistent  with  their 
duty  to  have  a  list  of  these  early  WilLa  nuide; 
for  tlie  fixat  volume  of  culeudara  eommeiicea 
with  the  Wills  uf  lo26,  and  enda  witli  those  of 
iriGl.  It  iij  a  vohime  only  in  name.  It  has 
DO  buck  ;  all  the  Ifaves  are  loose,  and  it  ia 
brought  ia  and  thrywn  down  to  whomever 
wishoa  to  consult  it  as  if  it  were  a  lude  of 
dAjQiig«d  goods  out  of  n  wreck.  Like  more  of 
lh«  early  indexes,  th^  alphabtitical  arran^e- 
mout  is  not  of  Buruamee,  but  of  Chriatian 
iiiunes ;  bo  that  the  Bearcher  has  to  ruu  the 
i^Huatltit  down  intcrmijiable  columns  of  the 
"  Johns,"  ''  Thouiaaee."  •*  Janieaea,'*  and 
♦'  J..11  ii  hnns'*  that  briBtle  uj>oneach  page  like 
Hunt  said  of  the  *'  Sniitlis  "  in  the 
J  J  the  iron  railinga  along  a  London 

Bireet.  riiia  lump  of  almost  Ujtele^  leaves 
baa  never  been  copied  into  a  legible  ibnn 
by  any  Kegistrar  since  it  became  unfit  for 
uae,  'rhe  income  of  the  office  ev^jn  of  Deputy 
r  ■  1  sometimes  admits  of  tbe  Jnjuiite- 
from  six  to  a  do2eu  racehorses,  but 
In...  -:A|.ciKse  of  compiling  pa}>er  calendars 
couUl  never  be  tolerated.  To  make  indexes 
of  wills  that  have  never  been  cataloged 
would  be  quite  out  of  the  question ;  for 
the  Registrar  charges  hla  clients  for  tlie  time 
of  his  clerks  in  middng  searches,  and  it 
was  owned  to  Mr.  Walhu?e  thai  it  would 
tfike  a  year  (at  from  one  to  two  guineas  per 
thy)  to  find  any  will  dated  before  the  year 

The  searcliin^  office  of  this  Registnr  waa, 
bke  the  othera,  uiconvenient,  small*  ana  often 
crowded.  The  noUcy  of  the  clerks  waa,  there- 
fi»re|  to  despatch  the  inquirers  as  faat  as  pos- 
aihlO)  so  as  to  ensure  a  rapid  change  of  visitors 
and  a  streaming  influx  of  half-crowns.  On  the 
Mflond  day  of  Mr.  Wallace's  search  the  trouble 
he  had  given  on  the  previous  day  for  his  money 
wna  intelUgibly  hinted  to  him.  He  was  broadly 
iiAd  that  he  was  *'  verj^  much  in  the  way  ;"  for 
room  wna  so  much  required  that  some  appli- 
Otfita  were  plainly  told  that  they  must  '*  come 
acain  to-morrow."  To  othei-s  who  had  not 
their  inquiries  ready  cut  and  dried,  in  a 
business  form,  and  who  threatened  long 
explanations  resj>ecting  testatoi's,  a  d&aS  ear 
was  turned,  or  a  nretcuded  seaich  was  made, 
and  they  were  told  "  there  was  no  auoh  will 
in  the  place."  A  pleaaant  caae  occurred 
on  the  second  morning.  An  illiterate  labourer 
tried  to  make  the  omcials  understand  that  an 
uncle  of  bis  wife  had,  he  had  heard,  left  him 
a  legacy,  and  "  he  wanted  lo  know  the  rights 
o*  it.''  He  gave  the  name  and  the  exact  date 
of  the  death,  and  a  clerk  retu'ed  under  pre- 
tence of  searching  for  the  document.  In  a  very 
short  time  he  returned  with — 

"  No  such  will  in  the  place — balf^a-crown, 
please." 

""  Ilalf-a-croone  1 "  taid  the  oountryman, 
«Watvor?" 


*•  Half-a-crown  !  **  rei)eateti  the  clerk, 

"  Wat,  vor  telling  me  nought  t " 

"  Half-a-crown  !  was  again  let  off  with 
a  loud  explosion,  over  the  stilf  embrasure 
of  white  cravat. 

**  But  dam  me  if  oi  pay't,"  persiisted  the 

wn!^' 

li:_  L  .  ijfTuan  went  on  raising  a  storm 
in  the  oiJice,  iii  midst  of  which  the  "  Half-a- 
crown  ! "  minute  guns  were  discharged  witli 
severe  regulanty.  At  length,  however,  the 
SCTicultui'iat  was  obliged  to  succumb,  and 
alter  a  mighty  effort  to  disinter  the  coin 
from  under  a  smock-frock,  and  out  of  the 
depths  of  a  huge  pocket  and  a  leather  puxne, 
the  poor  man  was  obliged  to  produce  and 
pay  over  what  was  probably  a  filth  of  bis 
week's  earnings. 

This  clrcumfitano«  having  attracted  Mr. 
Wallace's  attention  and  pity,  he  tix>k  a  note 
of  the  name  of  the  testator ;  and,  after  the 
inquirer  had  left,  found  it  in  the  Calendar,  and 
by-and-by,  by  dint  of  a  little  manoeuvrinij,  got 
a  sight  of  the  will.  In  it  be  actually  found 
that  the  poor  man  had  been  left  a  small 
legacy. 

The  ejttent  to  which  similar  practical 
pleasantries  are  indulged  in,  it  is  impos' 
Bible  to  estimate.  Many  of  the  most  cruel 
wrongs  inflicted  and  suffered  in  some  {&- 
militt,  arigiiubt^  m  the  infinite  varieties  of 
carelessness  and  ne^^lect  that  pervade  the 
unimpeachable  Ecclesniatical  Registries  of  thla 
country. 

Meanwhile  Mr.  William  Wallace  bad  been 
actively  employed  in  calling  for  wills  and 
paying  out  hal^-crowns.  It  w-  ^■'■♦"*^\ident 
from  9ie  calendars  that  no  i  e  w«a 

taken  of  paper  ajul  pai'chnieni  n'm  the 

other  Bcj^triea.  Severid  x*'ilis  entere<l  in 
it,  as  having  been  once  in  the  de}K>aitory — 
wherever  that  was — had  against  them  the  word» 
**  wanting  "  and  *'  lost."  Tiiat  ancient  records 
should  in  the  course  of  oenturiea  fall  aaide^ 
cannot  be  wondered  at,  even  ia  a  Registry^ 
which  produces  at  present  to  its  officen  from 
seven  to  ten  thousand  pes  annum  ;  but  what 
excuse  can  there  be  for  the  loss  of  compara- 
tively modern  ones'/  Certain  wills  wen?  not 
to  be  found  of  the  years  1746;  1760;  X753  ; 
anti  1737. 

Mr,  Wallace  soon  found  that  in  a  place 
where  dropping  half-crowns  into  the  till 
and  doing  ma  little  as  possibl'^  in  return  for 
them,  ia  conaidered  the  onl v  ^  ^i' 

ness,  he  was  looked  upon  e\  e 

pounda  per  day  aa  a  sort  vi  mm  ...i^.nu, 
who  required  a  great  deal  too  much  for  hia 
money.  They  could  not  coin  last  kMi..n,ri,  }iy 
Mr,  William  Wallace,  and  the  Di;  •?- 

trar  indulge*.!  the  otlice  with  his  _  n*- 

aeuce  to  inform  him,  that  aA  he  gave  sij  uujch 
trouble  for  the  searches  he  was  making,  bo 
must  pay,  besides  two-aud-six- pence  for  every 
future  search,  two  guineas  per  diem  for  the 
use  of  the  office  I 


THE  DOOM  OF  ENGLISH  WILLS. 


1«7 


It  Iuipf»ene<l  that  the  Bishon  of  ♦  ' 

liniril>t*r  three  wtis  theu  in  th«  city, 
it  "  tiij  Rijd  to  ]iiiii    Mr.    iViLiiaiui 

\  lined  to  a^iply  for  r€ili«sf  from 

liu^  t'JtLui  ii.  II.  II«  eDcloeeJ  Ut  his  Lonkhip 
hi»  lettei-s  from  other  prelates  aud  stated 
hifl  CMse.  The  answer  he  reCt?Wed  w:ia 
the  Bishop's  utiqiuilijied  anth&rU^  to  search 
wherever  aud  for  whatever  he  wanted  in  the 
BegiBters  of  his  Loixlatiip's  dioceee. 

Although  this  letter  wa»  addreBsed  by  the 
]  lie  servant  or  deputy  of  Aiiaervatit, 

f  ,  AT,  yet  Mr.  Wallace's  dear-boQght 

fia^aciiy  riad  taught  him  to  place  vcrj*  httle 
iailh  iji  a  Bishop'a  power  ovej-  hia  inferiors.  ] 
As  it  turned  oxii,  be  found  himBelf  one  of^ 
tliose  who  aje  blesBed,  because,  expecting' | 
ii..thii»L-  they  are  not  disapj>ointed.  The 
]  i^'istrar  received  hia  superior 'a  nmn- 

I.  supercilious  mn^-fmid.    The   old 

ulory — *•  The  feiahop  had  Wjuriadiction  what- 
ever over  hiiii,"  but  this  once,  &c.  he. 

Mi,  WlUiam  Wallace  had  met  in  Cathedrala 
oiusbeiv  one  aud  two,  repulaet  and  rudeness. 
But  each  Cerberus  who  pretended  to  grmrd 
the  documentary  trea&ui'es  of  those  dioceses, 
honestly  showed  his  teeth.  Thtjf  had  not 
been  guilty  of  deceit.  Deputy-Registrar 
nntnber  throe  was  wiser  in  his  generation. 
He  ff»Te  a  cold  assent  to  the  Bishop's 
maniute  In  A£r.  Wallaoe's  behalf;  but  with  it 
such  wily  instructions  to  his  clerks,  as  ren- 
dered it  as  nugatory  as  if  he  had  put  it  in 
his  waste  b&8ket  or  had  Ijcrhted  his  cigar. 
During  the  two  ^Xi^ys  tliat  half-crowns  mined 
IV.  -  '  "  '^howere  fj-ora  the  Auti<iuary'8  ijurse, 
I  •  V  Will  he  jLsktvi  for  was  pro«:mced; 

i  u  the  third  duj,  when  the  Bishop's 

loeed  his  purso-stri  nga,  Mr.  Wallace 
document  afler  document,  and  was 
toiii  by  the  **  Consen-»t*  »rs  "  of  this*  imtioi-tant 
land  of  public  property,  that  they  had  "been 
lort,''  "  oouJd  nut  iMi  found,'*  *"  raisliud/'  But 
the  most  fri«<jueiit  return  was,  "  destroyed  at 
the  siege  of  the  City»  in  the  year  1643  "—Stolen 
away  with  the  Tomb  of  Maruion  when 

**  Fanatic  firooke 
The  fiur  Caihedral  atonn'd  and  took." 

The  result  of  the  three  days'  inventigations 
stood  thu3  :  "  Durine  the  two  paying  days, 
out  of  a  hundre<J  Wilfa  asked  for,  eighty  were 
produced.  Throusj^hout  the  non-paying  day, 
out  of  ninety  Wills  asked  for,  only  one  waa 
prodace<l  !** 

When  half-crowns  were  rife^  not  one  word 
was  said  aljout  "  the  siege  of  the  City,  in  the 
vear  1C43/'  although  nearly  all  the  Wills 
Mr,  Wallace  was  obliged  with  a  sight  of, 
were  dttted  anterior  tu  that  destructive 
event. 

For  Bome  cirplrirLxtion  Mr.  Wallace  repaired 
to  the  De]  '  trar's  abode.  It  was  t€»o 
late    TViH  i.  knew  what  was  ctiming 

— and  retrcutt.  1  tVum  the  field.    The  idTaiit's 
to  Mr,  Wallace  wna, 
Out  of  town,  BUT ! '* 


But  Ml*.  Wdluwu  Wallace  wa^  foiled  even 
inor^  completely  in  another  poitj  I  :  he  had  a 
great  desire  to  see  wliere  ana  Ivow  the  Wills 
were  kept.  He  knew  their  condition  in  1832, 
from  what  XTlater  K'--'  -Arms  s^iid  before 
th^    Ecclesiiietical    '  ii»  "J   corxsider 

the  records  very  •!  y  have  not,  at»- 

]»arently,  been  dusted  tor  many  years,"  Tne 
remarkable  result  of  Mr.  Wfilljice's  urgent 
inquiries  was  that  not  a  soul  he  asked  ci^uld, 
or  would,  tell  in  what  jjUice  the  ecclesiastical 
records  of  Cathetlral  number  three  were 
depc»site*i,  It  waa  vouchsafed  to  him  tlmt 
moderii  Willi*  were  prcsei-ved  in  the  Begis- 
tnvr's  aplenilid  edifice ;  but  whether  the  ancient 
Wills  la)  interred  in  celln.rs,  or  were  hoidtet^l 
into  lo/ls,  or  abated  the  mangers  and  coni- 
biiis  of  race-horses,  no  amount  of  inquii-y,  no 
watching  the  clerks  when  they  went  out  ot 
one  door  of  the  searcldng  office  "to  procure  the 
documents  demanded,  and  then  cxunc  in  at 
another,  could  discover.  An  old,  stout,  surly 
clerk,  declared,  in  as  staid  a  tone  as  if  he 
were  telling  the  truths  "that  he  did  not  know 
where  the  records  were  kept,'* 

Mr.  Wallace  gave  up  this  investigation  in 
despair  and  left  the  city.  The  loau  of  the 
documents  Wa»  to  him  a  myst^rry  and  a 
wonder ! 

The  habitx  of  the  antiquarv  do  not,  how- 
ever, disffose  him  to  indulge  in  listless  despair. 
To  find  out  the  secret  masses  of  the  records  of 
Cathedral  niimber  three  was  a  task  Mr. 
William  Wallace  had  so  eamestlv  set  himself, 
that  next  to  his  domestic  relations  and  his 
literary  labours,  it  grew  into  one  of  the  duties 
of  his  ejcisteuce ;  therefore,  on  hia  way  to 
Cathedral  number  four,  he  piwd  anotlier  visit 
to  the  city  of  Cathedral  number  tliree,  for- 
tifted  with  letters  to  some  of  it«i  clergy.  To 
be  sure  tkey  could  clear  up  the  mystery. 

His  first  application  was  to  one  of  the 
Canons.  Did  he  know  where  the  eccle- 
siastical reconls  were  kept  ?  Well,  it  was  odd, 
but  it  never  entered  his  heaii  to  mquire.  He 
really  did  »k>f  know.  Perhaps  some  of  the 
Chapter  olBcials  could  tell. 

To  one  of  these  hies  Mr.  Wallace.  E>'en 
that  functionarj' — whose  courteousness,  to- 
getlier  with  that  of  his  colleague,  was  pleasant 
to  the  appUcant  by  the  force  of  mere  contrast 
— wjis  equally  unable  to  reveal  the  secret. 
"  But  surely,''  he  added,  "  such  a  place  cannot, 
when  one  sets  about  it,  be  so  impenetrable  a 
mystery.  I  have  an  idea  that  the  MiUer  could 
enlighten  von." 

"The  Miller  r* 

"  Yes.  He  knows  everything  about  the 
town.    Try  him.** 

Mr.  Wallace  had  bnsinesB  at  the  searching 
office,  and  having  transiictetl  it,  determined  to 
make  another  em>rt  in  this  legitimate  quarteTr 
The  following  short  dialogue  occurred  bietween 
him  and  the  clerk  :— «  Pray/'  said  Mr.  Wal- 
lace, "-  where  are  the  Wills  kept  T  '* 

"  Til  at  '&  not  your  business  !  **  was  the 
answer.     Mr.Waliace  returned  to  the  charge 


128 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


^ 

^ 
^ 


k 
^ 


but  the  clerk  became  deaf,  aiid  went  on  with 
Aoine  wi'iting,  precisely  ;ia  if  Mr.  William 
WnJkce  warv  iuvimblu  and  inaudible. 

The  Miller  was  the  oidy  resource.  He  waa 
from  home,  imd  his  wUe  gave  the  same 
aii»wi»r  as  everybody  elae  had  done.  "  But^" 
she  said,  i»oiutmff  to  ao  individual  who  waa 
sttuntcrinx  i^^to  the  Close,  "  there  'a  one  a«  can 
tell  Vls  He  e  a  ratcf^U^  man — he  ia.*'  With- 
out waiting  to  inquire  the  meaning  of  thia 
strange  e^cpreBaian^  olfBturtd  the  reoora-hunter 
upt)«  the  new  aecret.  He  run*  down  hia  ^me 
in  no  time.  It  conaiat-s  of  a  burly  biped^ 
bearing  a  cage  of  fine  lerreta.  Eound  hla  pcr- 
Bou  LB  (Wplayed  the  broaU  liialguia  of  offioej — 
he  ia  a  ratcatcher. 

Here  Mr.  William  WalIace*B  penBevenmce 
trill mpha.  The  llat-catcher  knows  adl  about 
it  *'  \Vliy  you  see,  Sir/*  he  said,  "  I  contracta 
for  the  Registrar." 

•'What  for?" 

•*  What  for  ?  Wliy,  I  catches  the  rata  for 
liim  at  80  much  a-ycar." 

'*  And  where  do  you  catch  them  f" 

♦•  When^  do  I  catch  them  ?  Why,  where 
th©  old  wills  ia/* 

*'  And  where  i»  that  ? " 

*•  Where  is  that  ?     Why,  Mrrtf." 

Tlie  Kat-catcher  pointa  to  a  sort  of  ham 
that  riaea  from  the  edge  of  the  Minster  Pool. 
It  has  no  windows  on  the  ground-floor.  On 
the  first-floor  are  six — two  in  the  front  of  the 
building  .and  four  at  the  end,^ — twcntynaeven 
windows  leas  than  ai'e  diaplayed  in  the  front 
of  the  Ilegistrar's  (jcauti fully  glazed  house ; 
but  much  of  the  little  glijaa  afforded  to  the 
registry  is  bi*oken.  To  mend  it  upon  seven 
thousand  a-year  would  nover  do,  especially 
when  old  parchment  i»  lymg  about  in  heapa. 
Wliy  pay  glazici-s'  chai'^ea  when  ancient  willis 
and  other  ewleaiasticjid  recorda  keep  out  wind 
and  Weather  aa  well  as  glass  % — -for  light  ia  a 
thiniLj  rather  to  be  shunned  than  adniitttHi 
into  dueh  places.  Accordingly,  aa  the  Rat- 
OAteher  points  to  the  ahed,  mx\  WjUlace  ob* 
neiTetf  numberlesB  ends  of  record  rolls  and 
bundlca  of  engrosseil  testaments  jioked  into 
the  broken  windows:  in  some  places  varie- 
gated with  old  rags. 

Judging  from  the  exterior,  and  from  the 
contract  for  rat-catching,  the  interior  of  thia 
depository  of  the  titlea  of  hundreds  of  thou- 
aands  of  pounds  worth  of  property,  muat  be 
an  archiBological  Golgotha,  a  dark  mouldy 
aepulchre  of  parchment  and  dust. 

Lawyers  say  that  there  is  not  an  estate  in 
this  country  with  an  impregnable  title ;  in 
other  worda,  it  iw  on  the  cards  in  the  game  of 
ecclesiastical  and  common  law,  for  any  family 
to  be  depiived  of  their  possessions  in  con- 
sequence of  being  unable  to  establish  a  perfect 
title  to  them.  How  can  it  be  otherwiae  when 
the  very  deeds  by  which  they  have  and  hold 
what  they  enjoy^  are  left  to  be  eaten  by  rats, 
or  to  be  sto^d  mto  hroken  windows  ? 


THE  SOWER 

'*  ThU  \»  the  Btrifo,  and  clco  t|i«  aiTnOA, 
And  Ui«  Um\t  tbAt  liuieU)  »lo."— CuAiian. 

Tnonan  his  heart  may  daro  to  gloiyi 

ConsciouB  of  a  Ckxl  innate — 
Tet  to  read  his  fuiura  storyj 

To  foresee  hia  future  fute, 
To  foro-fiiag  his  future  singittg, 

Never  doth  the  Poet  hood : 
Every  day  to  him  is  bringing 

All  of  which  the  day  bath  need. 

Faithful  is  his  hand  and  fearless  : 

Wholesome  seed,  he  knowoth  well. 
May  be  sown  in  weather  cheerless, 

But  will  spring  up  where  it  felL 
Seed  was  given  to  his  keeping, 

And  from  Heaven  it  was  scut ; 
He  baa  sown  it     la  it  elocping 

In  the  soil? — he  is  content 


THE  NEW  ZEALAND  ZAUBERFLOTE. 


IN   THBCE  CHAJPTEBfl.^-CHAPTEIl  III. 

It  80  chanced  that  the  direction  taken  by 
the  kangaroos  led  towards  th«  sea^ooast,  and 
to  that  quarter  of  it  where  Waipata  had  l>een 
sent  since  bis  convei-sioii  to  ChriHtianity.  The 
Voimg  man  being  out  witli  three  or  four  of  the 
Maori  youths,  omuaing  themselvea  in  praC' 
tismg  with  their  speara,  were  suddenly  alarmed 
by  the  advance  of  largo  wild  creatures  of  a 
kind  they  had  never  seen  befoi^,  and,  therefore, 
regarded  as  very  strange  and  dangeroujs 
monfltera.  Onward  came  tnenc  nine  monsters, 
almost  in  regular  succession,  witli  their  large 
dark  eyes  staring  like  lamp«  l)efore  them — 
their  long  ears  Htickiug  up  like  horns — their 
long  thick  tails  stretching  out  ati-aight  l>cViind 
— and  taking  leajM  of  ten  or  twelve  feet  high, 
and  from  twenty  to  thirty  feet  in  length.  As 
the  first  passed  along,  Waipata — partly  in  fear, 
and  yet  partly  from  a  daring  spirit,  flung  a 
spear  at  the  creature.  The  weapon  pierced 
it  deeply  in  the  &nk. — so  that  the  leaping 
flight  was  at  once  turned  to  a  limping  escape. 
The  inatant  the  effect  was  seen  by  the  other 
youtlis,  away  sang  their  spearo,  ami  down 
stumbled  three  more  of  the  poor  kangaroo*. 
The  hunting  mania  wjks  now  in  a  blaie.  and 
with  a  loud  yell,  the  young  men  gave  ouaae, 
and  in  a  very  short  time,  the  kaugarooti,  who 
though  wounded,  had  all  contrived  to  keep  to- 
gether  to  the  last,  lay  rolling  on  the  sand  near 
the  sea,  with  their  huge  hind  legs  kicking 
in  the  aii'.  At  this  moment  Ta5nui  and  lu« 
party  made  their  way  round  a  rock,  and 
nehtild  the  slaughtered  creatures — and  who 
had  done  it ! 

The  king  aat  down  upon  a  stone,  and  bent 
forward,  looking  at  the  dying  and  dead  kan- 
garoos. The  chiefs  explained  to  Waipata  the 
mischief  he  had  done ;  but  Ta^ui  said 
nothing.  He  saw  how  it  all  was.  Witch- 
craft—the "  dibble  " — the  influence  of  his  old 
enemy  Te  Pomar — of  Tecira — of  Kaitemata 
and  her  black  onenByed  pig — and  of  theina^c 
flute  !    Against  all  explauatiou  and  apologies 


H 


frctm  his  sod,  he  only  waived  his  hand — 
and  he  continued  to  do  thk  till  Waipftta, 
and  his  friends,  and,  in  fact,  all  the  chiefs,  and 
everybody  else,  left  him  sitting  there  alone. 

Thoa  fflit  the  king  till  evening  ;  and,  feteling 
tliat  nothing  woree  could  occiur  to  him  than 
had  already  happened^  he  would  not  move 
even  at  night.  A  Mauri  youth,  however, 
\r'^°  c^^t.*  j^,y  Waipata  frum  the  missionary 
Ij^'lit  a  fire  near  him  for  company 
L       ;  lion,  and  also  with  a  Inittle  of  rum 

to  prevent  a^e  from  the  nlght-dewe.  Tai^nui 
received  the^  att«ntiona  without  giving  any 
token  of  recognition  ;  after  the  young  man 
waa  gone,  however,  he  took  a  copious  draught 
of  the  rum,  and  then  «at  and  conttniplnted  the 
fire  in  a  state  of  grim  apiithy  till  he  fell  asleep. 

He  had  not  slept  long  before  the  thought 
of  the  flute  presented  itself  to  his  mind  in  the 
moat  perBuasive  fonii^>roposing  to  him,  as  it 
aeemed,  that  he  should  be  recpnciled  to  tlie 
memory  of  the  great  Te  Pomar — that  he 
flhould  never  again  exult  over  hie  fall — ^that 
he  ahould  liberate  TeOra  before  it  waa  too 
late,  and  ceaae  to  persecute  her,  or  punish  his 
Bon,  for  embracing  the  Christian  religion. 
But  in  vain — he  would  not  attend  to  it-— -he 
would  not  be  softened  and  humaniaed — and 
It.  m->  .."  }  he  transformed  the  snggestiona  of 
into  a  taunt  that  he  dared  not  play 
i;  ,  .:        ::j:ain. 

No  soituer  did  the  irle.i  pi*esent  itself  then 
up  went  the  flute  to  hijB  mouth, — and,  instead 
Of  a  discordant  inault  to  the  memory  of  Te 
Pomar,  in  an  instant  he  received  a  violent 
kick  on  the  ehin,  as  if  fixim  some  prodigious 
log  1  Ho  started  up.  Who  had  aone  this  ? 
^obotly  wad  near.  Nothing  waa  to  bo  Been 
but  the  <lylng  embers  of  the  fire,  and  the 
horrid  heap  of  sLnutditered  kangaroos,  all 
with  thtir  huge  hind-lcga  eticking  up  in  the 
air.  Ilnd  they  lK?en  nlive,  such  a  kick  might 
have  bceu  administered  by  one  of  these  legs  ; 
but  they  were  all  rigid  in  death. 

While  the  king  was  looking  at  the  man- 
gled imd  hideous  bean,  one  of  the  limba 
moved — certaiidy  it  haa  moved — and  now  it 
moved  again.  Presently  there  was  a  horrid 
"  atir  "  all  over  tlie  oiisanguined  mass — one  of 
the  kangaroos  lifted  its  head  up,  and,  with  iU 
ears  bolt  upright,  and  its  eyes  turned  towards 
the  king,  gave  a  sneeze  bo  loud  that  it  aeemed 
to  split  the  adjacent  rwk.  Whereupon,  all 
the  nine  kangaroos  started  up^  and  made  oflT 
at  long  leaps  across  the  sands. 

Taonni  looked  nfler  them  !  Had  he  been 
deceived,  aiWr  aU  ?  An  irresiBtible  impulse 
made  him  snatch  up  hia  lone  speaT)  and  give 
chase  with  his  ntmoat  spee£  They  were  a 
considerable  distance  a-head  of  him^  yet  he 
was  aurprised  to  find  himself  ^dning  upon 
them,  as  their  large  bodies  fl<3,  with  long 
fljdnjg  leaps,  across  the  sands,  the  clear  m^ion 
ahimng  brightly  down  upon  their  glossy  bocks 
and  loDg  thick  out-stretched  tails,  giving  them 
the  strange  appearance  of  creatures  made  of 
a  sort  of  ghostly  silver,  flying,  with  the  seA 


on  one  aide  of  them,  and  the  land  on  the 
otheT,  and  belon^ng  to  neither.  They  now 
turned  a  comer  of  the  difii  and  were  lost  to 
sight. 

Taonni  pursuing  at  full  speed,  tumed  the 
same  comer.  The  kangaroos  were  at  a  eroat 
distance^  but  one  of  them  had  detached  itself 
from  the  rest,  and  was  turning  back.  Yes — 
it  was  coming  to  meet  him.  There  wsa 
something  stately,  if  not  thi-eatening,  in  its 
air.  Coidd  the  creature  InteDd  to  ftttai 
him  1 

As  the  figure  advanced,  the  moon  ^-adually 
shone  brighter  and  brighter  upon  it,  tiU  the 
king  could  clearly  diatiuguifih  the  suit  of 
armour  giveu  by  a  king  of  England  to  the 
chief  Shongi  E.  Hougi  m  days  of  yore.  It 
was  absolutelv  the  suit  of  armour — but  waa 
anybody  inside  it  t  A  K-ittle  wjw  intended  by 
the  armour — that  was  apparent.  At  the  dis- 
tance of  a  epear*8  throw,  the  figure  paused, 
and  made  signs  of  defying  the  king  to  single 
combat. 

Ta^nui  would  willingly  have  declined  it, 
but  it  was  too  late,  and,  besides,  he  would  be 
shun  if  he  did  not  fight.  Without  further 
hesitation,  therefore,  he  flung  his  spear.  It 
smote  the  suit  of  armour  on  the  breast  with 
unerring  aim,  and  broke  oS  at  the  point.  A 
strange  noise  issued  from  the  inside  of  the 
armour.  It  waa  evidently  not  empty.  Some- 
body was  inside.  It  advancetl^  apparently 
having  no  weapons,  though  with  a  very  con- 
fident bearing. 

Taonui  now  whirled  his  tomahawk  through 
the  air.  It  smote  with  a  loud  ringing  sound 
upon  the  helmet,  an<l  fell  down  in  the  sand. 
Tlie  king,  then,  in  a  sort  of  despair,  uttered 
his  war-cry,  and  rushing  onward  with  Ida 
meri  ponamu  (a  green,  flat  war-club),  com- 
menced a  valiant  assault  upon  his  inexnflicable 
antagonist,  who,  however,  contentea  itself 
witli  turning  its  Imck — raising  one  leg — and 
administering  a  kick  in  the  king*s  ril«  so 
tremendous  that  he  flew  before  it,  and  dashed 
up  the  sand  for  several  yards,  as  he  rolled 
over  in  all  sorts  of  wild  postures. 

Expecting,  as  a  matter  of  course,  to  be 
killed  by  some  novel  process,  the  fallen  TiiDnni 
looked  up,  and  saw  long  ears  sticking  out  at 
the  sides  of  the  helmet,  and  a  long  projecting 
nose.  It  was  one  of  the  kangaroos }  And 
now  the  others  all  returned,  and  after  per- 
fonmng  a  series  of  exulting  leaps  round  aoout 
him,  the  nine  kangaroos  idl  danced  upon  the 
prostrate  body  of  the  king,  till  ho  became 
uisensible. 

The  religion  of  the  Tohun^a,  which  was  the 
established  chui-ch  of  New  Zealand  at  this 
period,  and  continues  to  be  so  to  this  day 
with  most  of  the  tribea  who  t«main  firm  to 
heathenism,  could  by  no  means  be  de«gnated 
as  idolatry.  They  had  small  household  gods, 
such  aa  lisards,  and  little  deformed  figures 
hung  round  their  necks  :  they  also  had  great 
fear  of  spirits,  devils,  and  apparitions  of  all 
aorta,  but  no  definite  adorationa  on  a  grand 


130 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


[CouiliietcA  kf 


scale.  Sometliing  of  this  kicid,  h<:iwever, 
ftpj^ears  to  have  been  ihe  cn^  at  aii  earliei- 
date,  as  the  rvrnairm  of  certain  temples  j>lainly 
indicate.  Cue  of  these,  in  a  very  Becluded  part 
of  the  interior,  contjiined  the  remaiaa  of  a 
grotesque  Idol,  whose  advice  was  sought  on 
ver)'  nnfiort-ajit  occasion^L  by  the  prieet«,  or  by 
the  chiefs  whom  the  priests  could  influence. 
T\\e  approach  to  the  temple  of  tlie  idol  was  of 
couriio  tapu — nobody  dai-ed  to  go  near  it, 
Miiiiy  little  spota  on  the  outskiits,  where  an 
ancient  chief  or  great  pi-iest  had  Htoml,  were 
tOArkeU  off  by  a  circle  of  sticks.  The  remains 
of  a  treble  row  of  atukea  were  stuck  round 
about  the  entmnce  t<»  thia  temple,  intervaDed 
with  tall  npright  poets,  on  the  tope  of  which 
were  carved  figurci*,  larger  than  lite,  of  men  in 
all  sorts  of  frightful  altitudes,  moat  of  whom 
were  thruating  out  cnomioua  tougiicj^  with  an 
expreswitvn  at  once  of  the  most  savage  pro- 
vocation and  thrcatcjiing.  Tlie  ccirvinga  on 
tlie  outer  walls  of  the  temple  were  coloured 
with  black,  red,  and  white  ;  but  the  intesrior 
was  in  darkness,  except,  here  and  thei'e,  an 
uncertain  light  admitted  thrr^iT'*'  .^-,^1,^  and 
crevices,  which  cast  a  hazy  mi  mya 

Ut»on  the  squatting  figure  of  a  <i  ^i-een 

Idol,  with  red  eyes  encircled  V»y  tiaiie  white 
rings — a  great  gourd-like  huM?,  elnlxirately 
tattooetl  m  black — tall  flat  eju'a,  immenaely 
wide,  speckled,  atid  of  a  blotKl-atone  colour — 
and  a  large  black  mouth  in  two  archesi 
not  unlike  the  form  presented  by  a  Byiiig 
crow. 

Gradually  returning  to  a  atate  of  coiUMaons- 
nCM,  the  first  thing  '1  -  'r^^'  '^^<rceived  waa  the 
figure  of  thia  Idol  '  *ti  a  mound  of 

Band,  with  ita  red  v^.  i  g  directly  upon 

Ills  face.  The  king  sat  uji — and  they  Ikoth 
remained  seated  for  some  time^  looking  at 
each  other« 

At  length  the  Idol  arose,  and  beckoning 
Ta4nui,  led  the  way  acroaa  the  aanda  into  the 
acmh,  The  kuig  having  arisen,  had  followed, 
QB  if  by  some  drejulful  laaoiaation  ;  but  he 
hesitated  to  advance  among  the  ahruba  and 
ridgea  of  the  acnib.  ITie  po^od,  jicrceiving 
tliiw,  jK>inted  to  the  flute  which  hung  from 
TaOnui's  neck,  aud  immediately  a  tuncral 
march  resounded — not  Hke  the  one  he  had 
rt-KXMiily  heardy  but  made  up  of  all  the  most 
discordant  and  vile  sounds  he  had  been 
accustomed  to  play  in  hia  first  uae  of  the 
instrument.  To  thifi  march,  the  king  folt 
himself  obliged  to  move  in  measured  time, 
after  his  "  spiritual "  conductor,  who  now 
advanced  without  once  turning  his  head* 

The  Idol  led  the  way  through  the  arid 
and  9tunt«d  mazea  of  the  scrub^  and  thence 
aoross  the  country,  and  through  a  forest, — 
now  fortling  rivers, — now  climb'mg  over 
rocky  ridgea, — the  dlacordaut  muaic  of  the 
march  ringing  in  the  king^a  ears  all  the  time. 
He  had  thrice  endeavoured  to  tietach  the  flute 
firom  hia  neck,  but  all  he  could  cSect  was  to 
half  strangle  himself;  on  which  occaaions  he 
always  eaw  the  aquab  ahould^a  of  the  pagod 


shake  with  ailent  laughter.  In  thia  manner 
they  proceeded,  till  they  arriv*.Ml  at  the 
bor^lera  of  a  channel,  across  which  they 
poa.'iied  in  a  canoe  made  of  the  hollowai  trunic 
of  a  tree,  and  landing  on  an  islajid,  proceeded 
to  a  ruined  pah,  whidi  Tafinui  well  knew,  for 
almost  the  only  building  in  it,  that  waa  still 
8tan<iin|U  waa  Eat-man  House. 

Thia  nouAe,  with  the  objectionable  cidinaiy 
name,  had  several  histoncal  traditions  con* 
nect«d  with  it,  which  we  pass  over  with  a 
shudder,  merely  remtarkins  <iat  its  present 
external  arj)earance  was  c»y  no  means  sug- 
gestive of  pleaaing  thoughts.  The  door^ioat 
and  boarda  of  the  portico  were  carved  with 
figures  having  flat  shell  eyes,  with  their 
tongues  protruded  as  hi  aaviuge  insult  and 
defence ;  and  the  row  of  stakes  round  the 
house  was  adorned  in  various  placea  witli 
dried  human  heads  of  chiefs  who  had  Cdlen 
in  Kittle — the  mouths  of  the  victors  being 
carefuOv  sewn  up  close,  while  thoae  of  the 
vanquiybed  luwl  been  distended  to  the  utmost, 
and  theu  sewn  bock  in  thnt  horrid  position, 
to  indicate  that  they  were  still  in  a  constant 
terror,  and  calling  out !  A  large  head  over 
the  door,  intended,  Dcrhapa,  to  represent  the 
original  owner  of  tne  house — the  renowned 
Shougi  of  Eatman,^ — ^was  elaborately  tattooed- 
and  adorned  with  a  long  beard  made  of  dogs 
tails.  In  this  ftightfiil  place  was  TeOra  now 
fastened  up,  and  perhaps  had  been  starved  to 
death. 

To  a  aemicircular  space  in  fitiut  of  this 
lonely  house,  the  Idol  now  led  the  way,  and 
took  hia  seat  on  a  high  stone  which  bad  been 
jilaced  against  the  door  to  keen  it  fastened. 
At  the  &ame  moment,  a  polntea  flamu  Vmi-st 
out  of  the  ground  between  TaOnui  and  the 
pagod,  the  feet  of  the  fonner  becoming  Hxed 
to  the  spot  where  he  stood.  Presently 
TaOnui  perceived  a  tigure  seated  on  his 
right,  closely  shrouded  ui  the  long  war  mat 
of  a  great  ramalift.  A  socoud  fiume  now 
burst  out  of  the  ground  by  the  side  of  tlie 
firat ;  mid  presently  Tauiini'Tn>tioeii  a  second 
ftgurcT,  seated  o]>ixisite  to  the  other,  shrouded 
in  like  manner  in  hia  war-mat.  A  third 
6anic  arose — and  with  it  a  tliird  shadowy 
cliief  aro^e  and  took  hia  ae^t ;  a  fourth  flameu 
and  a  fourth  shadowy  figure,  and  so  ou,  till 
all  the  flam^  uuitLng  in  uie  centre,  tliere  was 
a  great  fire,  and  round  it  were  seate*!  a  circle 
at  shadowy  warriors,  whom  the  king  now 
discovered  to  be  those  "Waikatoto  chiels  who 
had  faUen  in  battle  by  the  aide  of  the  great 
Te  Pomar. 

A  strange  stir  and  bustle  was  now  going 
on  among  the  trees  of  a  grove  just  behind 
Ta6uui.  He  could  not  turn  his  head  to  see 
what  it  was  ;  but,  somehow,  he  became  aware 
that  it  was  the  preparation  for  a  great  feaat, 
A  long  roasting-stake  was  thrown  over  his 
head,  and  fell  near  the  fire.  Sevei-al  vessels 
made  of  baked  clay,  and  of  stone  and  shell- 
work|  were  also  pushed  witldn  the  circle. 
But  what  were  they  to  eat  ?    Wliere  was  th« 


2 


CkMto*  DtdMu-l 


THE  NBW  ZEJlLAKD  ZAUBERFIX^TE. 


131 


fe^ifirt  I  What  was  to  be  roasted,  aod  c&teu  1 
His  kAiigarooa,  perhapa ;  and  to  tbm,  the 
king  ah*r  the  ta  eattuent  he  had  received,  had 
no  uort  of  objection.  Meanwhile  all  the 
aeakted  fij^res  maintained  a  solemn  eUence. 
Tju^bUi  Koked  from  one  to  tlie  other,  but 
eoidd  gather  nothing  from  their  ininiovftble 
faces,  all  of  which  were  painted  with  loix>- 
teai  or  red  ochre^  denoting  the  importance  of 
the  ocoaeiou. 

At  Ipiigth  a  Toic€y  which  evidently  came 

middle  ot  the  fire,  cried  luoud^ — 

ththefeaat;* 

n  silence^  during  which  nothing  ap- 

|peai'*Hl,  all  the  ahadowy  chiefe  answered  m 

chorus,  •*  Koo^i,  koo-if^' — where  are  you  1" 

Tiionui  giueed  all  round,  wondering  why 
the  victims  wore  not  brought,  as  he  now 
clearly  saw  that  a  cannibid  feast  waa  in- 
tended. 

'*  Bring  forth  our  feast !"  a^ain  cried  out 
the  Voire  of  the  Fii-c.  Nothing  api)eared. 
TnCnui  again  looke^i  roAind  at  the  faces  of  the 
elwulowj"  warriors  seated  a^wut  the  fire  till 
at  last  hia  eye  encoimtere<l  llial  of  the  Idol, 
who*  after  holding  him  with  serpent-like  fiiaci- 
nation,  relax e«l  ita  features  in  a  hideous 
5niile.  Whereuiwn  all  the  8ha«iowy  chiefs 
uttervd  a  ^ndffen  laugh,  and  tumeri  their 
<ieail  eyes  full  upt^^n  Ta*3nui,  who  now  under- 
stood that  he  himself  was  the  victim — the 
*•  feast,"  who  was  to  be  brcmght  forth. 

The  shadowy  chiefs  now  rose  up,  and  with 
ahouts  and  ycUa  nerformcd  a  war -dance,  and 
then  a  funeral  dance,  and  then  a  festive 
daoce,  in  rapid  succofi&ion  round  Ta4&nui ; 
they  then  seized  htin,^-dj-agpe<l  him  to  the 
fiff  hia  cl<>idc,  [irejMireil  to 
!   of  the  roasting-etake 


fir»i. — ;unl    tk 


his   last  moment    had 
-elf  to   die  as  became  a 


I'he   k  i  i 
arrived,  U'  ■■ 
great  woi  rior. 

'•  r  caiiaot  dance  my  war-dance  amidfit 
your  haiidV*  he  cried  ;  *'  but  I  dance  it  in 
my  soul,  with  deii^ajce  and  econi.  I  curse 
you,  my  Idol  ;  and  I  thrust  out  my  tongue 
at  all  your  priesta,  and  at  the  religion  of 
Tohun^,  I  also  defy  the  powers  of  witch- 
craft ;  and  I  here  call  u^wn  the  et>int  of  the 
young  slave,  Todra,  who  ia  dead,  to  do  her 
worst,  in  revenge  for  the  slftnsjhter  of  her 
father,  and  all  the  injuries  I  liave  heaped 
m»on  hLs  memory.  And  now  I  shall  renmin 
ailent." 

Taonui  having  conclude*!  this,  his  last 
«poet*li,  which,  as  is  usnnl,  he  wm«  Hllowed  to 
finish  without  intenniption  ;  the  point  of  the 
fltake  wa*  insertt^d  in  hus  sboui.hjrs ;  bnt  the 
hands  that  were  thrusting  it  in,  were  then 
arrestetl  by  a  colossal  arm,  which  the  king 
recogni«cii  a«  thp  one  he  had  ieen  in  the 
cavern;  ^vT  ut  leg  at  the  aaane  time 

trampk'ij  ^     One  aide  of  the  wall 

of  Eat-mari  ii-ust^  now  fell  down,  and  the 
same  great  <lark  ann,  which  Taouui  had  pr€^* 
vioufily  felt  must  lieJong  to  the  dead  chkAainf 


Te  Pomar,  led  forth  Tedra,  who  waved  ft 
^land  of  liUeB  and  blossoming  dematia, — 
m  the  gweet  odours  of  which  the  shadowy 
warriors,  the  hideoua  Idol,  and  all  the  fright- 
ful prepanitiona  of  vengeance,  feded  away. 
Teora  emlled  forgiveueaa^  and  took  the  hand 
of  TaCmui,  whose  iienaes  gradually  left  him, 
and  a  wft  slumber  came  over  him* 

When  he  awoke,  he  found  luniaelf  again  on 
the  8ea-«hore.  It  waa  still  night>  Had  he 
been  visited  with  a  dreadful  dream  ?  No — 
he  felt  sure  it  bad  been  more  than  that.  It 
waa  no  witchcraft,  ao  far  aa  Tedra  was  con* 
cemed.  Aft^r  idJ,  she  waa  no  witch— ahe  had 
saved  him.  And  the  spirit  of  Te  Pomor  had 
saved  him,  too — ^thus  returning  good  for  evih 
If  the  new  religion  had  tanj^ht  this,  it  waa 
better  than  the  religion  ot  Tohunga,  He 
resolved  never  to  play  the  magic  flute  again, 
but  uury  it  la-ith  funeral  ceremonies. 

A  soil  harmonious  music  now  arose  from 
the  sands  ;  it  swelled  into  the  gran^l  fuiiei*al 
march  of  a  hero,  and  passed  onward  till  it 
died  away  over  the  sea.  Then  came  a  deep 
silence — and  in  that  silence,  the  king  heard  a 
giii:antie  pacing  up  and  down  the  sands  close 
to  the  margin  of  tne  sea.  No  one  was  viaible. 
The  pacing  up  and  down  continued.  Tlien 
the  moon  rose,  bringing  into  \4ew  pile  upon 
pile  of  clouds,  commencing  in  a  purple - 
grey  hue  from  the  horizon,  formed  by  the 
distant  cui'viug  line  of  the  aands,  tlie  purple 
getting  fainter  till  tlie  clouds  were  edl  grey, 
up  to  the  bright  mountain  pe^s  that  en- 
vironed the  riaing  niCHin,  Still  the  gi^^antic 
inaciugcjj^n tinned  (though  no  fiueurewas  visible, 
the  king  felt  it  must  be  the  once  miglity 
chief),  and  after  a  time,  it  seemed  to  pass 
close  to  Mm,  as  in  friendly  reconcilbtion,  and 
thence  on — and  on — till  something  like  a  lofty 
Shadow  seemed  to  step  from  the  distant  line 
of  sandfl  u|>on  the  lowest  purple  ridge  of  aky, 
and  thus  ascended,  step  by  step,  into  the 
towering  clouds,  till  lost  amidst  the  brightest 
of  the  grey  and  mountaiuouji  peaks.  In 
remote  echoes  across  the  sea^  the  noble  death* 
maroh  of  a  hero  waa  again  faintly  heard, 
aa  the  moon  sailed  onwnrd  on  her  course, 
majestically  drawing  after  her  all  the  masses 
anu  piles  of  clouds. 

Taotiui  stood  for  a  time  entranced  and 
elevated  hj  the  stately  quietude  of  this  mag- 
nificent vision.  Coming  so  soon  aft«r  the 
horrid  scene  from  which  he  had  been  liberated, 
it  was  too  much  for  the  most  obdurate  uatme 
to  endure  unmoved.  The  proud  heart  of 
TaOnui  was  softenetl  by  the  uobleuess  of  tins 
acts  of  Te  Pomar  and  his  daughter,  and  soiJic* 
thing  not  unlike  tears  giished  into  hie  eycvi 
for  tne  fii-st  time  in  hia  life,  as  lie  sank  down 
and  pressed  his  face  upon  tlie  sand,  overcome 
by  emotions  which  were  perfectly  new  to  him. 
If  he  had  knotsTi  a  Christian  prayer  of  manly 
penitence,  he  would  have  poured  it  forth  ; 
out  what  he  sincerely  felt  was  essentially  the 
same  thing. 

The  missionary  station  near  which  AVaipata 


* 


I 


k 


I 


had  been  sent  to  reside,  waa  aitiuited  on  a 
gentle  acclivity,  fronUug  one  of  the  miLtiy 
Jieautlful  picturenque  bays  which  are  foimil 
round  the  comt  of  New  Zealand.  It  wjis  a 
long  low-roofed  house  made  of  wood  and  reeds 
lx>uud  together  with  flax,  pamted  wliite, 
having  a  large  verandah  eutLrel^  covered  with 
roaea,  genuuunia,  nud  woodbine,  imported 
from  Europe  ;  aniidat  the  luxuriance  of  wiiidi 
many  biixis  had  built  their  nests^  nut  only  idl 
over  the  roof,  but  in  every  one  of  the  thickly 
gailanded  poata  that  upheld  it.  The  wild 
pigeon  and  the  graceful  tui  flew  from  tree  to 
tree,  and  the  hum  of  Vieea  tilled  the  air.  Tlie 
Eea  lay  blue  and  bright  below,  and  so  exqui- 
fiitely  liTinapiirent,  tlmt  any  one  Wn  ling  over  a 
rock  might  see  familiegof  ahell-iwh  with  th*'ir 
coral  heada  and  shoulders  projecting  fkr  out, 
all  bamly  feeding  at  the  bottom,  to  the  dtjitli 
of  twelve  or  lift^n  feet  Bhujk  swana  sailed 
along  near  the  aliore,  retl-billa  lay  iKinkinj;  in 
crannies  of  the  rockn,  and  the  snowy  albiitio^ 
often  passed  across  the  blue  aky.  The  n inn- 
grove  fringeil  the  borders  of  the  Iwiy,  together 
with  beautiful  tl*e«a  in  fuU  blusftonr,  whde 
Bea-birds  sat  on  the  bouglia  pruning  tlieir 
lustrous  feathers  in  the  aun,  as  the  B}i;u-kliQg 
drops  of  the  briny  wave  flew  from  their 
expanded  pinions. 

It  was  a  delightful  thing  to  l>chold  TaOnui, 
very  shortly  alter  the  events  last  descried, 
advandog  towards  this  miusionaiy  station, 
at  the  head  of  a  number  of  his  chiefs,  and  all 
those  of  his  tribe  who  had  been  converted, 
holding  his  son  by  one  hand,  and  the  daughter 
of  Te  Pomar  b^  the  other,  AseembUng  all 
who  followed,  in  a  great  circle,  the  Icing 
addressed  them  in  a  spt^ech.  He  reminded 
them  of  all  his  wars  against  Te  Pomar — of 
the  hatred  he  had  borne  him — and  of  his 
victory.  He  then  spoke  of  his  revengeful 
feeling  after  *he  death  of  that  great  warrior, 
and  told  thera  it  had  cost  him  very  dear,  as 
he  ha<l  sufferetl,  in  various  ways,  far  more 
than  he  had  inflicted,  or  could  possibly  inflict. 
But  now  a  Good  Spirit  had  deacentled  upon 
his  soul,  and  tauMit  him  better  things.  He 
gladly  sanctioned  the  love  of  his  son  for 
TeOra,  whom  he  had  now  brought  to  be  mar- 
ried according  to  the  forma  of  the  Christian 
religion.  He  did  not  tell  the  chiefs  around 
him,  nor  any  of  his  tribe^  that  he  should  him- 
self become  a  Christian.  A  man  who  was 
sincere  could  not  suddenly  adopt  any  new 
reliigion.  But  he  for  ever  abjured  the  reUgion 
of  Tohunga,  with  its  idols  and  gods  of  all 
kind  ;  and  he  promised  his  utmost  pi-otection 
to  all  who  taught,  and  all  who  embraced  the 
Christian  faith,  and  that  he  would  strive  to 
conform  in  all  his  future  feelings  and  actiona 
to  the  teaching  of  the  preeepta  of  that 
divine  priest  and  master  whom  they  called 
Christ. 

TeOra  and  Waipata  were  married  the  same 
day  at  the  missionary  station,  and  TaOnui 
with  his  own  hands  collected  the  remains  of 
Te  Pomar,  which,   together   with  the  won- 


derful flute,  he  buried  in  the  evening  with  the 
highest  fiineral  ceremonies  of  his  tribe.  The 
last  part  of  this  consisted  in  bearing  tho 
reinams  to  a  secret  cave. 

To  render  tliis  secrecy  the  more  eflectual, 
and  therefore  the  more  to  sliow  honour  by 
its  solemn  mystery,  the  king,  at  night,  unao- 
oorapuiiLHi  by  any  one,  took  up  the  remains 
of  ibe  dojiarted  chief,  enveloped  in  a  cloak  of 
the  finest  flax,  and  carried  them  in  his  arms 
through  a  forest  into  the  deepest  recesses  of  a 
beautiful  stalactite  rrotto  he  had  fixed  upon^ 
and  there  deposited  them  with  profouna 
reverence,  and  a  truly  contrite  heart.  As  he 
came  forth  a^aiu  into  the  open  air,  the  lofty 
funeral  march  of  a  dead  hero  sounded  witn 
its  gnuid  and  elevating  pathos,  and  TaOnui 
now.  in  sympathy  with  its  harmony,  beheld 
the  VmjuI^^ti  Phantom  of  Te  Pomar  slowly  rise 
before  hiiii,  its  arms  extended  nobly  towards 
him,  and  thus  j\»cending  into  the  night,  till 
its  shallow  mingled  with  the  air,  through 
which  the  stara^  one  by  one>,  cam$  gently 
forth. 

THE  GOLDEN  AQK 

Tbe  father  sits,  nnd  marks  his  child 
Through  the  clover  racing  wild ; 
And  then  as  if  he  sweetly  dromm'd. 
Uo  half  i^mcmbcrs  how  it  socnt'd 
WhoQ  ho,  too,  wss  a  reckless  rover 
Amon^  the  beo-beloved  clover : 
Pure  airs,  from  heavenly  places,  rise 
Breathing  ike  blindncsB  from  bis  eyss, 
Until,  with  rapture,  griefi  and  awe. 
He  sees  sgain  as  thou  bo  saw. 

As  then  he  mw,  he  sees  sgua 
The  h4»vy-1oadod  liarrcst  wain, 
Hanging  tokens  of  its  pride 
In  the  trees  on  either  sido  ; 
Daiaies,  coming  out  at  dawn, 
In  constollations,  on  the  lawn  ; 
The  glory  of  the  daffodil ; 
The  tltrc©  black  windmills  on  tho  lull, 
Whoso  magic  arms  fling  wildly  by, 
With  magic  shadows  on  the  rye  * 
In  the  leafy  coppioOj  lo. 
More  wealth  than  miser'a  dreams  can 
Tha  blackbird's  warm  and  woolly  brood. 
With  golden  beaks  agape  for  food  1 
Oipsiea,  all  the  tammer  seen, 
Native  as  poppies  to  the  green  ; 
Wiut^ir,  with  its  frosts  and  tbawi^ 
And  opulence  of  hips  uud  haws ; 
The  mighty  marvel  of  tho  snow ; 
The  happy,  hnppy  ehips  that  go, 
Sniling  up  and  talUng  down, 
Through  tho  fields  and  by  tho  town  ;— 
All  tho  thouBdod  dear  events 
That  fell  when  days  wtsre  iucidentti. 

And,  then,  his  meek  and  loving  mother— 
Oh,  what  Bpeeehleaa  fsehngs  smother 
In  his  heart  at  thought  of  her  ! 
What  sacred,  piercing  Borrow  mountiv 
From  new  or  uuremembered  founts, 
While  to  thought  her  ways  recur. 
He  hoars  the  songs  she  used  to  sing ; 
His  iean  in  scalding  torrents  ^rii^; 


Oh.  might  Ue  hope  that  'twotild  be  giveii^ 
Either  io  this  world,  or  in  heaveo, 
To  hear  guch  flon^  as  those  ■giin  ) 

— But  lifo  IB  deep  aad  words  are  Toiii. 
Mftrk  yonder  hedgerow,  hero  and  there 
Spnuklwl  with  Spring,  but  mainly  hare  ; 
T'  i'd  bank  beDeath.  where  hlowv, 

I  rowda^  tbe  fresh  primroco : 

''.V..^.  .  „...  of  oolonr  thus  could  amifce 
Tlie  troubled  heMt-etrings  tbro*  the  sight ; 
What  magic  of  ewect  speech  express 
Their  primeveral  tenderooss? 
C^  these  not  utter'd  be,  and  can 
The  day-&pring  of  immortal  ixumi 

BITS  OF  LIFE  IN  MUNICH, 

The  following  tmila  of  life  in  Munich  are 
trsi£«d  by  a  yoaag  Jady  who  is  atudving  painting 
in  tliat  city,  under  a  master,  and  in  eumpany 
with  »  feixuile  &iend.  Thia  little  preface  is 
necessary  for  the  reader,  to  Tinderstand,  better 
thAtt  he  would  without  it,  several  of  the  fair 
writer's  idlasaona^  and  to  acquaint  him  with 
the  indei>e&dent  kind  of  life  twu  young  ladies 
can  lead,  with  perfect  propriety  and  security 
in  *•  the  capital  of  Art  '*  :  — 

PILGRIM   BROTHER*. 

ThJa  iii  August  and  the  nighta  are  now  and 
then  so  hot  and  close,  that  after  our  tea.  spite 
of  itB  being  twilight,  we  sometimes  feel  l>ouiid 
to  tttke  a  walk.  The  other  evening,  for  ex- 
ample, we  betook  ourselves,  therefore,  along 
one  of  the  old  streets  of  Munich — a  street 
very  long,  and  very  ill-imve^l,  and  with  the 
hoose-fi'onts  handsome  with  old  carving  and 
■taooo-work  ;  a  street  where  in  the  evening 
fdl  the  inhabitant*  gossip  at  their  open  win- 
dow* and  doora  ;  a  street  much  infected  with 
bakers^  shops;  and  where,  through  quaint^ 
old  wiiidow  panes,  you  catch  gumpses  of 
aneer,  old  witch-like  women,  or  young  girla 
hke  Faust's  Margaret,  sitting  spinniitg  ;  a 
street  which,  if  one  could  write  graphically, 
one  would  revel  in  deacribing.  I  always 
vastly  enjoy  going  up  this  street,  and  wanted 
to  «ee  it,  aA  well  as  to  see  the  effect  of  the 
stmset  behind  the  tall  tower  and  building 
which  surrounds  the  Bavaria  when  once  you 
pass  through  the  Bendtiger  Gate  and  get  out 
on  the  plauL 

Just  about  the  middle  of  this  queer  old 
street  we  met  a  crowd,  heard  a  hum  of  voices, 
saw  banners  waving,  cruciiixes  borne  aloft. 
It  was  the  return  of  a  pilgrimage.  Hot, 
weatry,  dusty,  foot-aore,  on  they  came,  i^rst 
walked  priests,  with  their  dusty  banners  and 
cnxcifixea  ;  white-robed  children  followed, 
carrying  &ded  wreaths  and  garlands,  their 
poor  little  headd  drooping  with  fatigue.  Now 
a  hand  of  men,  a  Bru(krscha/ty  dreswd  in  their 
pilgrim  garb,  large  blue  cloaks  with  heavy 
canes,  on  which  conepicuoualj  showed  the 
pilgrim  cockleshell  ;  then  a  groap  of  young 
^u,  many  canying  bulrushes  in  their  hands 
instead  of  paLm-brauches,  and  relics  from 
the  holy  ipot  they  had  pilgrimed  to ;  next 


trooped  on  men,  men,  men,  their  shoes  covered 
with  white  dust^  tlieir  heads  bare,  their  hands 
folded  ;  old  men,  middle^ed  men,  larls  ;  here 
and  there  a  picturesque,  &naticid-lookine 
head,  with  lank  locks  and  hollow  cheeks,  and 
sunken  eves  ;  or  brooding  and  morose-looking* 
with  wild,  bushy  hair,  and  huge  growth  of 
beard  ;  a  strange  assembly  I — but  neverthe- 
less, the  greater  number  were  of  the  quiet, 
re^pectablcj  citixen  class ;  and  one  felt  how 
strange  it  was  to  see  such  jolly-looking,  every- 
day sort  of  good  shopkeepers  joining  in  a 
pilgrimage  ;  they  seemed  so  oppoaed  to  eveiy- 
thing  like  Aeutiment  and  enthuaiadm.  And 
all  the  men  muttered  prayers,  every  now  and 
then  their  hoarse  voices  rising  in^J  a  mono- 
tonous chant  of  the  word,  lieUiitt  t  Ileiligtl 
Heilige  !  And  ou  they  came,  and  on  !  like  a 
stream  of  phantoms  in  a  Ijewildering  dream. 
They  rushed  past  in  the  twilight,  walking  bo 
fajBt  with  theu'  dusty  feet,  and  muttering  their 
monotonous  words,  till  one  felt  almost 
delirious.  And  now  in  the  distance  the 
young  girls'  voices,  and  the  voices  of  the 
little  children  swelled  into  a  solemn  strain, 
and  on  came  women,  and  women,  and  women, 
old  and  young,  and  middle-aged,  luid  dustjr, 
alao,  and  pi'aying  and  muttering  also  !  AU, 
with  the  exception  of  one  Lidy  m  a  bonnet, 
who  walked  in  the  middle  of  the  procession — 
a  singular,  gaunt,  fanatical-looking  woman — 
all,  with  this  exception,  appeared  to  be  of  the 
humble  class — worn,  hara-featured.  suffering 
women.  Yet  on  tliey  streamed,  till  one  felt 
breathless !  It  was  a  striking,  and,  some 
way,  to  me  an  imusually  thrUUug  sight ! 

A   GROUP   OF   BUlLDINOd. 

And  now  we  were  out  on  the  quiet  plain, 
which  stretched  awav  into  an  horizon  of  deep 
blue  mountain-like  clouds ;  a  jiale  amber  »un- 
set'Streak  fading  away  by  the  most  delicate 
of  gradations  into  a  lovely  azure,  athwart 
which  stretched  a  fantastic  mass  of  dark 
bidigo  clouds  ;  the  moon  trembling  al»ove  the 
BuuBet  light,  and  here  and  there  a  dainty  star 
twinkling  in  the  amber  and  azure ;  whihst  be- 
hind the  dark  mass  of  the  Bavaria  tower 
flashed  ever  and  anon  rose-tinted  summer 
lightmng,  turning  the  mass  of  blue  clouds 
Into  a  range  of  lilac  mountains,  and  the 
Bavaria  bunding  into  an  enchanted  castle. 

We  were  so  charmed  with  our  walk,  that 
we  determined,  whenever  we  could,  to  make 
a  point  of  going  out  to  see  these  effects,  and 
then  trying  to  remember  them,  and  put  them 
dowii  on  our  return  home,  The  next  evening 
we  took  our  walk  out  through  the  Triumphal 
Arch  at  the  end  of  the  Ludwig  Strasse,  I 
must  certainly  have  mentioiieu  how  inex- 
pressibly beJiutiful  the  Ludwig  Straase  looks 
m  the  eveumg,  the  uniformity  of  the  Byzan- 
tine architecture  broken,  yet  not  destroyed 
by  the  pale  and  harmonious  tints  employed  m 
the  various  masses  of  building ;  delicate  rediL 
and  stone  colours,  and  greys,  with  here  and 
theze  a   mass  of  pure  dajiatling  white,  all 


^1 


faroushi  mio  tli«  most  delidoas  harmony  by 
th©  glow  of  evening  ;  the  two  white  alender 
U>w«i'«  of  the  Lud'ft'ig  church  rialng  Bolenmly 
into  th«  blue  heavens^  and  auiinonnted  each 
with  a  golden  crodn^  which  ever  seems  to 
CAtch  the  rays  of  the  mm,  and  to  glenm  and 
spftrUe  wlien  all  el^e  is  sonibre  and  dark. 
Then  iu  tlje  evening  and  twilight,  how  cool 
atiil  refreBhing,  and  soothing,  is  the  q)k»h  of 
the  two  fountains  which  play  in  the  open 
R|}noe  l>efore  the  University  and  the  Jesuits' 
School  J  How  I  flhoohl  love,  were  I  a  youth, 
to  BtUily  in  the  University  !  That  pure, 
aoteflnU)  oalm,  beautiful  building,  white  aa  of 
the  purest  marble,  with  it«  long  rows  of  roiind- 
ATched  windows  ;  ite  long  band  of  medollioufl 
alao,  A  me<]allion  between  each  centre  window, 
and  enclosing  the  hciid  of  a  legialator,  a  philo- 
flophet*,  or  a  poet  I  And  as  the  wcateiii  sky 
ia  lit  up  by  the  aetting  aun,  ita  light  streama 
throiign  painted  wiuoowa,  and  tiie  conti^aat 
between  ttic  cool  building,  seen  in  shadow, 
and  these  gemmed,  glowing  windows,  is 
majfipicaJ.  There  is  a  monastic  (^Im  nlxiut  the 
buuding,  whicK  to  a  studiouii  and  poetical 
nature,  mn.st  be  delicious.  The  Jesuita' 
School  i»  of  R  pjUe,  warm,  alone  colour,  of  the 
aazne  style,  but  by  no  mcoiia  so  Ijeautiful. 
Bat  the  whole  effect  of  thi«  square  ia  very 
)x>eticai  and  fitrikring,  as  you  can  believe,  and 
when  the  Triumphal  Arch  at  the  end  of  it  ia 
completed,  will  be  something  aiiite  unique. 
T)ie  gateway  is  to  W  surmounted  by  a  figure 
of  Bavaria,  drawn  by  liona,  in  a  triumphal 
cur ;  on  the  front  raid  side*  of  the  gate  are 
vvry  beautiful  baeso-rilievoa,  and  »tatuea  of 
white  mai'ble, 

Tlic  rotttl  beyond  the  Triumphal  Arch  is 
lineil  by  fioplars,  and  the  entrance  by  this 
road  into  Munich,  moat  impretseive.  For 
about  half  a  mile  on  one  side  the  road,  are 
MAttorcil  villain  and  ca/t4.  The  Queen  baa  a 
lovely  little  villa  there,  simple  and  elegant, 
and  built  in  the  style  of  domestic  architocture 
peouliar  to  Munich,  and  which  strikes  one  as 
htaag  aingiihirly  beautiful  and  appropriate. 
I  wonder  what  Raskin  would  say  to  It  i 

A  CONCERT  AND  A  PLAT. 

But  now  for  more  fjcroonal  matters ;  And 
first,  for  a  concert.  As  the  tickets  were  sent 
late,  we  hrnl  but  very  little  time  for  prepara- 
tion. We  dreaaed  in  a  desperate  huiry,  put- 
ting off  with  our  working  dreasea,  our  cha- 
racter of  art-fltudeijt«,  and  with  our  tickets  in 
our  hajida,  and  our  two  keys — the  latch-key 
and  key  of  our  rooms — set  off  across  the 
Reaidenji  Plntz  and  the  Ode.in  Platz.  It  was 
a  reheard  coucert  of  the  students  of  the 
Conscrvatorium,  and  the  large  hall  was 
crowded  to  overflowing  already. 

At  the  tirst  door  we  found  such  a  cruah  of 
officer  and  Btudenta,  all  blocking  up  the 
entrance,  that  it  waa  quite  impoaamle  to  get 
in  ;  but  the  glimpse  we  caught  of  a  painted 
oeillnff  and  crowds  and  ci-owds  of  people, 
ieated  in  long  rows  and  filling  the  galleries, 


was  qiut«  exciting.  We  thought  that  perhaps 
in  the  gaUeiy  there  might  be  room,  so  rashtng 
lirsrt  down  atepa  and  then  up  aterps  again,  we 
came  to  what  we  supposed  a  gallerj^-door ; 
but  no,  it  waa  a  door  just  opposite  to  the  one 
we  had  tried  to  get  in  at,  and  close  to  the 
orchestra,  and  a  capital  place.  Of  coume,  we 
had  to  sUod,  and  so  had  numl>er3  of  others ; 
but  it  was  voy  amusing  aa  well  as  intei*esting» 

The  performera  were  all  pupila,  and  many 
of  them  very  young.  There  was  one  little 
violinist,  not  more  than  twelve  certainly,  who 
played  splendidly,  and  with  such  beautiful 
eamesjtness  and  composure,  and  with  such  a 
world  of  feeling  !  The  applause  waa  immenfle, 
and  you  felt  how  proud  his  mother  and  his 
friends  must  be  ;  but  he  was  like  a  Uttle  un- 
moved statue,  with  his  white  face  aha«ied  by 
its  dark  brown  hair.  It  was  all  a  matter  of 
course  to  him. 

The  friends  and  relations  of  the  pupils  were 
a  marke^i  feature  of  the  scene  ;  many  of  them 
quite  p»>or  peonle.  And  such  numbers  of 
little  Lida  !  we  had  a  whole  host  of  th*»ra  just 
before  us,  and  very  much  amutwr*!  we  were. 
One  little  lail  leaned  with  all  the  air  of  a  uned- 
up  man  of  fasliicm,  against  the  bahislrade  of 
the  orcheatra,  in  the  face  of  the  whole  com- 
pany, and  yawning  with  the  greji(^t  di&iain 
of  ali  present,  whilst  he  crosaed  his  little  legs 
and  played  with  his  little  glove*!  Lfuuia. 

It  might  strike  you  aa  strange  that  we 
venture  toconcei-ts  and  theatres  by  ourselves; 
but  nothing  is  easier  or  more  comfortable.  We 
walk  quietly  to  the  Optra,  in  the  pleasant  sun- 
ahine.  The  Theatre  looking  so  beautiful  with 
its  fresco^paiutcd  pediment,  h11  the  square 
alive  with  a  gay  crowd  titreaming  als^^  tlnjati'e- 
wanls.  Wo  take  our  places  quietly  in  the 
r^rved  seats ;  and  having  thorougldy  eu^ 
joyed  ourselves,  at  the  cost  of  one  shilling  and 
eight  twnce,  equally  qtiietJy  and  comfortably 
walk  uomc  again*  Tlicre  is  no  cnwhiiig  of 
camagos  and  cnlts,  no  shouting  of  w^ileruicu 
and  haekney-ooachmen.  Two  or  three  car- 
riages iQAy  bo  there,  their  lamps  alunini^  out 
like  huge  glow-worms  at  the  bottom  ot  the 
tiight  ol  steps  ;  but  people  who  have  carriages 
quietly  get  into  them,  and  there  is  no  stir  and 
bustle ;  find  those  who  have  none  wend  their 
way  home  singly  or  in  groups  ;  and  the  moon 
lights  up  that  beautiful  little  square,  with  its 
palace  front,  its  theatre,  its  Fompjian-Hke 
post-office,  its  cmaint  aule  of  old  shops  ;  or 
the  stars  look  down  out  of  a  deep  blue,  calm 
sky^  and  all  is  sileoce  and  j)oetr}% 

The  other  night  we  went  with  some  ac- 
quaintance to  the  theatre  in  the  An — th© 
Iieople*8  theatre — but  not  the  one  that  you 
and  I  went  to,  and  where  I  behaved  w>  ill 
by  Inughiiig  at  a  tragedy  instead  <if  'vrj^inc. 
No,  this  is  quite  a  grand  affair.  It  n*nuntla 
one  of  a  handsome  ■t€ani~l>oat  cabin  ;  just 
about  the  same  sizei,  And  gilt  and  dt^corated 
iu  the  same  taste— or  rathtr  wanr 
All,  however,  was  very  bright  and  J 
the  acting  very  good.  We  laughe^l  iiutn.  ij-  »,>, 


c 


BITS  OP  LIFE  IN  MTTKICH, 


IS« 


It  w«  A  little  piece  called  "Tlie  Gniunil 
Floor  and  the  Second  Floor  ;  or,  the  Freaks 
of  Fottime/*  You  can  imagin«  the  sort  of 
thing  ;  and  how  there  were  two  stages,  a»  it 
were,  so  that  you  saw  what  was  going  on  in 
two  fkmilies  ftt  once.  Of  courae,  one  £uniJy 
was  a  very  gra^nd,  and  the  other  a  very  poor 
one.  It  waa  r&ry  droll  in  parta,  and  ftm  of 
im-Englifih  things,  that  pfulicuhiTly  amused 
U&  There  wei'e  two  little  children  that  act«<i 
beaatifolly  *,  one  a  little  girl,  aV»out  ten,  who 
SfOted  *  boy.  The  way  those  children  ran 
aboBt  thtf  8i4«e,  and  played,  and  sUpped  each 
oUlMr^  and  plagued  their  mother,  was  the 
pfvttiest  thiug  I  ever  saw. 

GETTING  HOME. 

It  rained  in  torrents  as  we  went  and 
t^turned,  and  as  it  was  Hne  when  we  set  out 
we  were  not  at  rdl  prepared  for  wet.  I  don't 
know  what  one  is  to  do  in  this  diaiu|;eabls 
climate*  When  we  were  on  the  Isar  bridge 
Ui<>  nun  C4Wiie  down  with  such  fury,  and  the 
wind  blew  so  fiercely,  that  I  thought  the  long 
proctjssion  of  umbrellas,  and  people  returning 
liram  the  little  theatre,  would  certaanly  be 
carried  away  into  tiie  river.  Prince  Adelbeit, 
tho  present  king's  brother,  was  there^  and  he 
bad  to  walk  home  also  in  the  rain  and  mud. 
Of  course  there  are  two  perfomuinces  daily  at 
this  theatre,  one  at  four  o'clock,  the  other  at 
«i^bt, 

Althoingh,  when  the  weather  is  fine,  we  enjoy 
oiirwalk  wick  from  the  theatre  to  oar  house,  we 
do  not  so  much  relish  our  getting  into  our  own 
rMums  from  the  street  door,  the  lock  of  which 
is  very  stlC  I  am  considerably  developing 
the  muscular  strength  of  my  hand  by  un- 
locking this  door ;  and  when  we  hAve  adiieved 
this  &xst  difficulty,  oar  real  disagreeable  com- 
meacMk  A  hot,  close  fttra<3s]jhere  meetii  you ; 
aJi  is  perfectly  black  ;  there  is  iio  light ;  you 
liMi  as  if  entering  an  Lifenio.  It  is  a  sort  of 
Mnsation  to  return  to  in  delirium.  You  gruy>e 
your  way  to  the  wi<le  subcase  ;  you  fmd  the 
tialuatrade ;  you  mount  with  careful  steps  ; 
you  feel  as  though  the  darkuc^j^arul  blacki^eas 
weighed  on  your  brain  ;  you  perhaps  hear 
some  other  nightly  wanderer  tumbling  up 
8tA.ira  ;  you  do  not  know  whethei*  it  may  not 
be  some  druukeu  man  ;  but  he  can't  see  you, 
so  you  keep  yourself  quietly  in  a  daik  comer 
till  he  passes ;  you  can  often  see  who  is 
coming  by  the  glimmeriag  of  a  burning  cigar  ; 
but  you  have  Dothing  to  betray  you.  Well, 
at  length  having  r.  irlu  ,i  rour  door,  that  in 
sny  the  door  of  tli  \k  passage  which 

shuts  in  your  roon  iJ*ick  it,  and  then. 

in  a  certain  pbce,  }  uu  hnd  the  thu'd  key  of 
jour  own  especiiil  sittix]||^«>f>om  door,  and 
which  has  been  hidden  by  yon.  And  now, 
thank  G<.>odne&i,  you  are  in  ygur  own  dear 
little  bonke  !  Thtj  light  from  tne  street  lamp 
shines  in  thixiugh  ttie  four  whit^-cui't'dned 
windows.  Ou  the  table  stands  the  c^uidle- 
stick  ;  you  strike  a  bght,  in  the  Gt  iniuu 
tashioUy  by  rubbing  the  match  along  the  door 


or  the  wall — there  *8  nothing  else  for  it — and 
your  prila  are  past  I  Yes,  this  coming  up 
that  aark  staircase  is  not  attractive,  but  wo 
are  become  quite  accustomed  to  it  now-  I 
can  now  find  my  way  perfectly  well  I  asked 
why  they  had  no  lamp,  but  ran  the  insk  every 
nigltit  ot  breaking  a  bone  ; — ^they  said  it  cost 
so  much.  Neither  are  there  any  bells  in  th« 
house,  another  terrible  bore.  How  Germanft 
can  exist,  year  after  year,  age  after  age, 
without  the  common^t  conveniences  of  life, 
Ls  a  mystery  and  puizle  to  me. 

A.  GRAND  ASSEMBLY. 

Very  fliffereut    to   this  evening  waa  ray 

visit  to  the   Baronesa   von 's.      On   our 

return  from  dinner  at  the  Jf^otiMhen  Qarten 
yesterday,   I  waa    informed    that   the    lady 

of   the  ' Ambassador    liad    calle*i    and 

enquired  for  me.  I  was  not  in  a  visiting 
hmnour,  and  the  idea  of  going  to  these 
grand  people  quite  alone  daunted  me.  I 
have  courage  for  most  things,  I  am  sure  I 
could  travel  to  China,  very  easily  to  America, 
by  myself-,  but  going  alone  to  a  ball,  or 
even  a  little  party,  among  strangers,  is  my 
id^  of  desolation  :  and  this  evening  I  b^ 
Ueved  there  was  a  grand  party  at  the  Am- 
bassador's. 1  waa  in  despair ;  it  was  a  wet 
day  and  I  felt  ill,  and  even  if  I  did  screw  up 
my  courage  to  a  pitch  of  heroism,  how  was  I 
to  get  there  ?  how  in  all  this  rain  \  Where 
wajB  my^  carriage  ? — ^where  even  a  cab  ?  A  cab  ! 
yes,  that  reminded  me  that  I  might  go  and 
return  in  a  ftncra, 

When,  therefore,  on  rotoming  home,  1 
found  that  I  could  improvise  a  toilet,  and  felt, 
after  a  cup  of  tea,  really  better,  and  foimd 
that,  with  a  deal  of  trouble  and  bargaining,  a 
driver  of  a  Jiaere  would  condescends  for  such 
really  was  the  c^ae,  to  take  me  at  the  late  hour 
of  eight  o'clock — they  leave  their  stand  at  seven 
and  go  home  for  the  night  ! — and  then  bring 
me  back  again  at  ten,  an*l  all  for  the  enomuous 
sum  of  two  gulden,  and  he  would  not  take  a 
kreuxer  leas.  Well,  when  all  this  was  ar> 
ranged,  I  dreased  ana  set  out,  having  of  course 
been  inspected  by  the  whole  family  of  the  bouse 
from  doors  and  w^indowa — father,  mother, 
daughter,  little  children,  W^Uhelm,  and  two 
apprentices  with  white  rolled-up  shirt  sleeves. 
Wnat  amussment  the  idle  ijcople  could  find 
in  seeing  one  of  the  English  fraulein  walk 
down  stairs  in  a  simple  white  dress  and  with- 
out her  bonnet^  and  ^et  into  a  lumbering  old 
coach,  I  cannr>t  conceive. 

After  a  short  wet  drive  aci-oss  the  Residens 
and  (jdean  Platz  and  w^i  the  red  WeUdhach^r 
7\f/<iM,  the  palace  wnere  now  hves  the  old 
Kin^  Ludwig,  and  which  strange,  i-ed,  iJ*jtliic 
pile  IS  guarded  by  two  enormous  stone  lioni 
seated  on  each  side  of  the  gateway,  into  the 
Belgravia  of  Munich  ;  we  stopped  at  the  house 

of  tbe  Buron  von ,  a  beautiful  house.     A 

iiiXif  melancholy  looking  footman  ushered  me 
]  n  and  to  my  delight  I  found  there  waa  no  party. 
My  spirits  rose/l  like  Madame  von -,  and 


^ 


"^       130 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


[C<n4Mt<Jkl 


I  knew  it  would  be  a  cliarming  evening. 
HHiVinc;  been  received  by  ajjotluir  tiill,  me- 
lauchoTjr  uervant  at  the  top  of  Uie  ftU^ii-^  luid 
conducted  thivugh  a  uuuibcr  of  ajiti-rooras 
and  i>retty  Vjoudoiits  I  found  the  \uAy  of  the 
hou^,  and  a  LjiU  ai'istoeratic  lookin^-muu, 
with  a  very  good-temiJKire<i  German  face,  a 
veiy  intereating,  elegant  ^ouiig  lady,  and  a 
lively,  pretty  little  girl,  sitting  in  a  comfor- 
table little  drawiji<;-room,  comfurtable  though 
splenrlid.  The  wallciwere  hmig  with  j)jcturc» 
and  rich  velvet  draperies  ;  thesofa^iuid  chains 
were  covered  with  criniiioii  velv»-t ;  there  wiid 
gold  cvcr>'where  ;  nrirron^  and  tall  vase-a  of 
Bohemiiin  ghi*H  and  rich  china.  All  wa«  very 
cofttly,  but  the  prints,  and  books,  and  pictureti, 
and  the  yle^uvuit  hunp-liglit,  and  the  kind, 
beaming  mcea  of  the  gi*oup  at  the  table,  nuw!e 
me  feel  iuBtautly  at  home  aud  hanpy.  The 
lovely  young  lady  with  this  cidm  brow,  like 
one  of  £astULke*8  women,  aud  tltoBc  delicate 
tapor  fingers  loaded  with  rings,  was  a  relation 
of  the  Baroness,  and  the  genUemau  waa  her 
brother.  They  had  travelled  in  Ejigland  and 
Sootlandj  aud  were  v*reU  rcatl  in  ICnglish 
literature,  of  which  they  w^ le  vei^  fond.  We 
had  a  deal  of  pleasant  talk,  not  only  about  old 
England,  but  about  beautiful  ami  intureslinc 
pajla  of  Germany,  with  which,  foHunutely,  I 
yna  acquainted ;  about  b<JokA,  and  pictures^ 
and  Kftuibach,  whose  geniiis  wo  all  s^xed  in 
ranking  so  high. 

llien  come  in  tea  on  a  rich  wlvertray,  all 
BO  elegant  and  attractive,  and  the  little  cakc« 
were  so  delicate,  mi<l  the  lea  «piite  fitroug  and 
fruffrant,  like  English  tea.  And  after  our 
rude,  though  most  poetical  life,  the  calmness 
and  propriety,  and  elegance,  of  this  anntocratie 
existence  had  an  unusual  charm  for  me.  I 
loved  to  look  at  the  cloewy  liair  of  the  tiristo- 
oratic  little  girl,  at  ber  round  arms^at  the 
delicate  hands  of  the  young  lady  so  imprisoned 
in  her  rings  ;  they  were  to  my  fancy  a  Rort  of 
faii-y  creatures,  who  roust  ever  livo  juuong 
gold  and  rich  satin  and  perfume,  and  the  idea 
of  her  ever  walking  in  dust  or  mud,  or  in 
wet  or  darknees,  was  like  the  idea  of  an 
angel's  wing  beinff  srtlaahetl  with  the  mud  of 
a  London  cab-wneei  J  No,  theru  waa  an 
iinuflnal  piquan^  in  conung  from  our  free, 
unconventional  fife,  BuddeuTy  into  a  court* 
circle, 

A  CIlUBCIl  FESTIVAL. 

One  day  lately,  the  streets  were  so  gay 
with  people,  and  the  sun  shone  down  into  my 
very  heart.  1  longed  to  be  among  trees  and 
fields.  I  told  my  companion  ao ;  but  she  was 
thoroughly  tired  by  her  week's  work,  aud 
preferred  remaining  at  home.  But,  I  thought^ 
Why  waste  the  beautiful  day  in  sleep  l  And 
was  there  not  a  Kirch w€ih  in  the  Au  ? — the 
church-fcativid  of  that  beautiful  church  there. 
And  thither  I  would  go.  I  would  not  mind 
going  there  alone,  but  would  leave  my  j>oor 
tire<r  companion  to  sleep  off  her  fatigue. 

Tlirough  the  gay  streets  I  accordingly  wont, 
erowdfl  ot  holiday  people  moving  towards  the 


Isar  Gate,  and  over  the  bridge,  and  pa«t  tho 
Folk's  Theatre. 

The  An  std^urb  waa  all  alive  with  dance, 
mxisic  sounding'  from  the  public-housed  and 
gardens  ;  the  bttle  balconi^'s  were  unusuiilly 
gay  with  flowera  ;  all  the  Ma<luuiuii*  had  ulejm 
cambric  jiockct-handkerohiefs  nut  into  their 
haruls ;  how  comic  they  looked  hoKJing  their 
handkerohictjs  like  fme  ladlos  at  a  ball !  And 
by-the-by,  in  this  Huborb  there  are  not  a  few 
Itlnck  virgins,  who  aro  here  regarded  as  pecu- 
liarly sacred.  Numbers  of  little  Htalia  were 
act  out  covered  with  Kirchweih  N\ullf^  a  y^ry 
good  soil  of  cold  pudiJing,  Tlio  ofMj-n  space 
in  which  the  lovely  Au  church  otands,  wa» 
very  gay,  and  under  the  acacia-treoa,  which 
form  an  avenue  along  one  side  of  the  square, 
liundreds  of  j>eople  were  congregated. 

Two  .^itreams  of  people  were  ajseeiuling  and 
descending  the  church  stepa ;  so  great,  mdced, 
was  the  crowd,  that  I  think  I  must  have  etotxl 
twenty  minutes  before  I  could  gain  admittance ; 
they  were  jpriiicipiilly  peasants.  When  I  did 
enter  the  church,  it  was  along  with  peasant 
women,  m  their  Tartar  fur  chits,  ajid  with 
roear^  and  prayer-book  in  hand,  and  with 
men  m  i-ed  or  broad-«triped  waistcoats,  and 
with  long'skirted  blue  coats.  And  then  how 
impressive  was  the  sight !  The  air  was  heavy 
with  incense ;  the  graceful,  slender,  white 
colurauMi  r<»t>e  up  like  the  clustered  stems  of  a 
pLdm-grove !  The  sun  shone  and  glowed 
through  the  glorious  painted  wliulows.  They 
i-cprpHent  the  Virgin,  Chriiit,  and  the  Apos- 
tles, moving  among  groves,  or  qiuet,  solemn 
tempi Cji  and  halls,  or  relieving  themBelves 
agamst  brilliant  or  pearly  skies.  In  one  com- 
partment the  Virgm,  a  child  of  twelve  or 
thirteen,  is  taken  by  her  |>ai'euU  to  the  High 
Priest,  She  kneels  V>efore  him,  and  Joseph 
places  the  ring  upon  her  linger.  In  another 
she  aits  witli  the  inftuit  Clhnst  on  her  lap  on 
the  asfl,  on  the  journey  towai'ds  Egypt.  And 
m  another  di\'isiou  she  is  seen  ascending  to 
heaven.  I  knew  that  these  windows  were  vcrv 
beautifid,  but  it  was  only  to-diiy  that  their  full 
beauty  burst  upon  me.  The  exquisite  groujis 
stained  upon  them,  with  their  correct  drawing, 
and  rich  (h-aperies,  are  enclosed,  as  it  were, 
in  jewelled  shrintfs  ;  the  upiicr  iiortioiis  of  the 
window  being  filled  v^ith  the  moat  exquisite 
Gothic  work  of  every  brilliant  colour,  hke  the 
i-ichest  missal  images. 

But  if  the  windows  excited  my  first  atten- 
tion, the  people  utLfrtcted  my  attention  in  the 
siecoud  place.  All  1  he  seata  were  tilled  with 
devout  pesisants,  imd  numW's  stood.  Aa  the 
chuixh,  however,  was  large,  there  waa  no 
unpleasant  crush.  AU  waa  silent  as  death , 
except  when,  from  tlie  far  end  of  the  church, 
came  the  voices  of  childi-en  chaunting,  or  you 
caught  the  mmiuurwl  words  of  the  priest,  as 
he  raised  the  Host  before  the  High  Altar ; 
and  then  the  crtjiwd  rejq)onde<l  with  one  deep, 
sonorous  voice,  which  could  alone  be  compared 
to  the  lioarse,  monotonoua,  wild  sound  of 
billows,  solemnly  rolliiig  inwaixl  to  the  ahort^ 


DAY  FOR  THE  DOCTORS. 


137 


—not  wben  then  la  a  rongh  sea,  but  when  all 
it  solemn  Mid  calm. 

After  a  Ume,  I  left  tbe  church ;  and  not 
being  incliued  to  return  home^  and  findmg 
thftt  all  the  music  from  the  pubtic-houAes,  and 
all  the  eating,  and  the  dancing,  were  very 
inkonuomous  to  my  then  state  of  mind,  I 
fraudered  on  towards  the  plain,  and  feaeted 
my  eyee  on  a  view  of  the  Alps,  which  to-day 
seemed  fairly  to  have  stalked  towards  Munich^ 
ao  near  did  t  Key  seem, — of  a  tender,  quiet,  blue- 
grey,  but  their  forma  gigantic,  stem,  Alpine ! 

A  -  CELESTIAL  "  COFFEE-HOUSE. 

Another  evening,  after  a  day  of  real  hard 
work,  when  we  were  in  a  particularly  cheerful 
mood,  I  suggested  to  my  companion  that,  as  all 
waa  BO  sunny  and  deUciou3j  we  would  drink 
our  coffee  in  a  picturesque  old  orchard,  which 

I  had  discovered  in  one  of  my  exploratory 
expeditions  through  the  suburb  of  St.  Anna. 
It  w  a  pretty  walk  this,  through  the  suburb 
to  the  coffee-house  orchard,  which  joii>»  the 
£ugliah  garden.  You  cross  first  the  come:* 
of  ^  very  large  field,  acres  and  acres  of  which 
are  covered  with  huge  heaps  of  timber — enor- 
mous pines,  which  nave  i>een  floated  down 
&om  the  Alps.  The  tall  trees  of  the  Eagliab 
ffarden  form  a  back* ground  to  the  field  ;  and 
tnen  passing  orchimk,  and  cottages,  and 
oouotry  houses,  you  arrive  at  the  conee-house, 
a  bright  white  house,  with  a  deal  of  pale  sea- 
grecn  paint  about  it,  standing  high,  approached 
by  a  dight  of  steps,  and  having  a  Kind  of  a 
^isslan  look.  Tlie  orchard  in  which  it  stands, 
Is  a  grand  old  orchard,  full  of  old  apple-treea, 
under  which  are  siome  hundreds  of  seats.  On 
the  former  oocasiouH  when  I  passed  it,  there 
must  have  been  many  hundre<i  people  drink- 
ing  coffee  there.  On  this  evening,  however, 
aIT  was  deserted, — so  much  so,  in  fact,  that 
there  was  no  ooffee  to  be  had.  After  resting, 
Ui^^fore,  a  few  minutes  under  an  apple-tree, 
we  proceeded  on  our  way,  when,  turning  into 
the  English  Garden,  behold!  another  coffee* 
house,  a  very  small  one  peeping  out  from 
under  the  treles.  "  Coffee  and  Wine-houae  of 
the  Kingdom  of  Heaven  "  (Zum  Ilifnmd-nich) 
was  painted  on  an  arched  sign  over  the  gate. 
So  extraordinary  an  appellation  could  not  be 
disj-egardefl,  however  contrary  to  our  English 
notions. 

"  Let  us  try  how  coffee  taste*  in  the  King- 
dom of  Heaven,"  said  I ;  and  in  we  went. 

The  J&ingdom  of  Heaven,  however,  wna  also 
ai^iarently  deserted,  except  by  a  pair  of  lovers, 
-HI  young  girl  in  a  white  driras,  and  a  student 
in  a  scarlet  cap  and  black  velvet  coat,  and  by 

II  picturesque  group  of  old  peasants,  men  and 
women,  who  sat  on  a  bench  before  the  door, 
and  drank  beer ;  the  student  also  drank  beer, 
— the  girl  took  nothing;  she  sat  with  her 
hoick  turned  towards  him,  and  evidently  looked 
Tcry  unhappy.  I  think  they  had  just  had  a 
cniarrel ;  what  a  shame  to  quarrel  in  the 
Kingdom  of  Heaven  !  I  went  mto  the  house, 
and  ordered  cofiee  from  a  woman  whom  I  met 


T^-ith  a  hute  coffee-mill  in  her  hand.  She  said 
it  should  be  ready  in  a  minute,  capital  freeh 
coffee !  So  we  seated  ouraelvee  at  the  end  or 
a  long  verandah,  which  waa  covejred  witli 
vines,  at  the  end  opposite  to  where  the  lovers 
were,  and  noticed  all  around  ua,  to  occupy  the 
time  till  the  coffee  appeared.  Coffee  at  length 
made  its  appearance, — vile  coffee  and  peppery 
bread ;  and  leaving  the  lovers  still  unrecon- 
ciled, we  bade  amen  to  the  *"  Kingdom  ol 
Heaven,"  and  betook  ourselves  home  in  the 
delicious  twilight 

A  GREAT  DAY  FOB  THE  DOCrORS. 

The  first  of  October  is  a  great  day  for 
the  doctors.  The  sportsman  may  look  out  for 
the  same  time,  because  then  pheasant  shoot- 
ing begins ;  the  fanner,  because  it  auggeata 
certain  arrangements  between  malt  and  hops 
preliminary  to  Christmas  and  the  comforts  of 
long  'n'iuter  nights  ;  the  lawyer  may  take 
October  the  first  as  a  hint  of  the  gradual 
death  of  the  long  vacation,  and  the  near 
advent  of  Term  time  and  Novanber  the 
second — its  writs  and  summons^  judgments 
and  executions  ;  the  draper  may  regard  it 
shrewdly,  aa  affording  a  good  time  for  a 
"  frightful  sacrifice,**  and  an  ""  extensive  dale 
of  autumn  goods,  preparatory  to  the  com- 
mencement of  the  winter  seaaon."  Each  and 
all  of  these,  and  many  more  may  have  an 
intereet  in  the  first  of  October;  but  their 
claims  are  ns  nothing  to  that  of  the  doctors. 
To  the  medical  folks  of  these  three  kingdoms 
— but  to  those  of  London  more  pre-eminently 
— does  the  day  especially  belong.  To  them,  it 
is  the  opening  of  a  new  year — the  commence- 
ment of^a  new  activity.  On  that  day  the  great 
majority  of  them  commenced  their  career 
as  students :  from  that  they  date  the  years 
of  preliminary  reading,  and  lecturing,  and 
hospital  "  walking,"  to  lie  gone  through  be- 
fore the  terrible  day  of  examination.  Scat- 
tered over  the  globe  they  may  be — and  they 
are  ao  scattered,  much  more  than  the  men  of 
other  professions,  the  Navy  alone  excepted — • 
yet  the  first  of  October  always  remains  a 
sort  of  red-letter  day  in  the  mind  of  the 
Medicos. 

It  is  a  time  suggestiye  of  old  thoughts  and 
companions,  old  pranks,  and  old  stories.  Such 
feelingH  bring  most  of  those  who  are  within 
reach  to  the  old  scenes  on  the  first  of  October  • 
and  hence,  on  that  day,  there  is  at  the  London 
medic4kl  s«'^hools  an  aaaemblage  of  doctors  in 
all  stages  of  growth — ^from  the  raw  country 
student  in  green  ooat  and  highlowa,  to  the 
■t^nid  ho<;pital  professor  in  black  scholastic 
gnwn,  through  all  the  intenaediate  niceties 
of  fast  students  and  dow  students,  reading 
students  with  specs  and  note-books,  ana 
smoking-^tudents  with  cigar-cases  and  im- 
periala  ;  the  matter-of-fact  workeys  of  the 
Borough,  and  the  gentlemanly  idlers  of  SL 
George's  ■  the  country  doctor  up  for  the  day 
by  nui ;  the  suburban  pracUtioner,  who  wi  A 


138 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


[CgaiKi«(«\!  i>f 


many  miogivings  has  left  hia  burgery  At 
leliiigtoa  or  H&Qktiey,  iii  charge  ol'  the  uew 
ftpprentice  ;  the  W*ifit  End  ditto  who  drives 
Up  to  tlitt  Icciure-rctoni  in  hiB  trim  gig,  secxire 
in  tlie  ccrtauiLy  that  nobody  will  want  him, 
becaustt  **  iioinjdy'fd  in  town  jct  C  mid  the 
enjy  digoitif'd  posaeatior  of  the  prizefs  of  medi- 
cal lifo,  &  haodK  I'lgo,  aud  lour  or  five 
thousAuda  a  yv  eeda  of  ai'ial  oeiutic 
pructice.     Ail  L^,^.-     ,^.^ietie8  of  the  madiwil 

feniis  are  druwn  together  by  the  subtle  in- 
ut?nce  of  thi«  rnettieal  day.  Not  all  itito  one 
paity  or  cue  building,  laecaose  the  medical 
schools  of  the  Metropolis  are  about  a  dozen 
in  Tin  ruber  ;  and  each  aohoo)  has  its  set.  But 
Btill  they  do  coiigi-egate,  as  those  who  me 
cvirious  aTvjut  the  matter  may  prove  on  any 
first  of  October,  on  any  year  hereafter. 

The  Uitroductory  lectures  are  the  great  Blgnal 
for  aasembliiig  ;  iind  of  these  there  were  deli- 
vered c»u  the  Erst  of  October  just  past,  no  leas 
than  a  dozen.  The  diBcoiir&es  vary  in  charac- 
ter, of  coiirae  ;  partly  under  the  influence  of  the 
locality  where  delivered  ;  partly  in  obedience 
to  the  cahbre  of  the  lecturer  j  and  partly  by 
the  circumatancea  of  the  institution  in  which 
they  are  given  in.  Each  large  London  hos- 
pital has  itA  medical  school ;  but  the  hospitale 
are  very  differehtly  circuiuatauced  in  other 
regpecta.  Two  of  them,  Guy*s  and  Bartholo- 
mew's, are  enormously  rich,  having  revenues 
told  in  ten?  of  thousan^ls  a  year  arising  &om 
landed  and  other  property,  and  they  are  there- 
fore entirely  independent  of  pubhc  subecriji- 
tions.  Not  many  years  ago,  Guy 'a  Hospital,  very 
wealthy  before,  received,  in  one  legacy  left  by 
a  Mr.  Hunt,  two  hundred  thousand  pounda  ! 
Bartholomew^^  enjoyi  the  rcnta  of  houses  in 
important  City  streets  yearly  rking  in  value. 
St.  Thomna'H  Hospital  has  bkewiie  extenmve 
property  ;  Middlesex  Hospital  enjoys  endow- 
ments, particularly  one  of  considerable  ex- 
tent, for  the  support  of  a  ward  for  the  re- 
cej^>tion  and  maintenance  of  unfortunate  people 
ainicied  with  cancer.  University  College  nas 
recently  been  blessed  by  many  handsome 
legacies ;  and  St.  George's,  and  WestniinKter, 
and  the  Londonj  have  incomes  aming  from 
independent  property.  The  renta  of  uie  last 
three,  however,  are  not  to  be  compared  with 
tho»«  of  the  huge  institutions  of  the  Borough 
and  Smithfield ;  and  they  are  compelled, 
therefore,  to  rely  i>fti*tly  u|)on  the  means  of 
support  which  their  stUl  less  fortunate  com- 
peers at  Cliaring  Cross,  the  Gray's  Inn  Boml, 
and  King's  College,  have  almost  wholly  to 
rely  upon — the  voluntary  subscriptioua  oi  the 
charitable  section  of  the  public,  The  first  of 
October  in  some  respects  varies  in  its  aspects 
at  these  different  places.  At  Bartholomew's, 
for  instance,  the  audience  numbers  five  or  six 
hundred^  or  even  more  ;  because,  after  the 
lecture,  the  noble  hall  of  that  establiahment 
is  thrown  opuu  for  a  soiregy  in  wliich  brilliant 
lights,  abundant  refi-eshments,  servants,  and 
&  full  assembly  of  medical  dons,  add  many  of 
the  attractions  of  on  evening  party  to  those 


of  a  frifeudly  scieutiiic  conclave,  wlukt  fK*orer 
iiisti  tut  ions  can  only  oiFer  the  les»  Benaual 
attractions  of  a  discoiu'sc  on  science,  au<l  a 
friendly  greeting. 

The  mental  cidibre  of  the  various  lecturera 
^liiTeni  amajsingly.  Some  of  them  have  no 
higher  notion  for  an  "introductory"  than  a 
hiiitorj'  of  medicine,  dug  up  bodily  from  an 
lUicirnt  editi«»u  of  "  Reea'a  Cyclopaetiia."  ^Mien 
a  teacher  of  this  sort  begins  his  harangue,  the 
older  hajidn  iuuong  liiri  audience  IcKtk  8Uwj>icioU» 
and  uneivsy,  They  know  what  ia  cuniing — 
the  old  threadbare  story  they  have  often  slept 
over  before  aWut  "  Hippocrates,  the  father  of 
Medicine," — '*  the  erroi-a  of  the  early  writeiV* 
— "  the  immortal  laljoiuii  of  Veaaliua,'' — with 
a  ffrand  climax  about  the  etjually  immortal 
Jomi  Hunter,  and  the  ble^ising  the  etudenta 
experience  in  being  allowed  to  follow  in  the 
footsteps  of  that  ph  mological  geniuB.  Anothei- 
almost  equally  set  form  for  an  opening  dis- 
course; is  when  the  lecturer  thinks  it  "  best 
to  open  the  dawning  seasion  with  a  mpid 
glance  over  what  has  been  duno  for  science 
since  we  last  met,*' — ^appending  a  variety  of 
incidental  remarks  upon  men  and  hoflpitals 
at  home  and  abroa*l  j  sfiid  remarks  being 
inviwiably  laudatory  both  of  doctors  in  genend 
and  of  medical  institutions  in  particulai-.  Tliis 
style  is  deaer\'cdly  more  popular  than  the 
chapter  from  the  C'rclojuiKua,  A  third  spe- 
cies of  discourse  taies  the  sermonising  form, 
and  lectures  "the  young  gentlemen  we  see 
assembled  around  ua"  ur>on  the  conduot 
most  pi"oper  to  be  pursued  during  their  career 
as  students — ^prescribes  a  close  attention  to 
books  and  lectures,  and  imdeviating  attention 
"  at  the  be<laide  "  in  the  hospital. 

The  claas  of  lecturei-a  who  a<lopt  this  mode 
are  always  favourably  received  if  the  gocKl 
ad^nce  is  supported  by  the  career  of  the  man 
who  gives  it,  and  if  he  speaks  \rith  sincerity 
and  cleverness  ;  but  is  pooh-poohe<l,  vcrj,* 
sincerely,  if  the  speaker  is  a  dummy,  or  his 
practice  is  kuowTi  not  to  be  in  accordance 
with  hrs  precept.  The  most  popular  medical 
tqjeechification  of  all,  however,  is  that — not 
very  often  to  be  heard — of  the  eminently  suc- 
cessful man  who  comes  from  the  intensely 
busy  life  of  full  jtaictice,  fidrly  and  honour- 
ably won,  to  speak  of  the  opening  career  of 
the  students  whom  the  first  of  October  calls 
together.  Allowing  the  occasion  to  carry  his 
thoughts  back  to  the  day  when  he  himself 
was  a  ycniDg  seeker  for  medical  knowledrre, 
such  a  teacher,  feeling  young  again,  lets  his 
feelings  out ;  and,  in  the  confession  of  his 
own  old  thoughts,  struggles  and  final  suc- 
ceasesi,  foresliadowa  what  may  be  the  life 
of  any  one  of  the  hundi-eds  who  listeii.  The 
first  sanguine  anticipations ;  the  growing 
difficulties  ;  the  diaai)pointmentB  ;  the  crush- 
ing influence  of  the  day  when  he  is  first  driven 
to  beUeve  that  finesse  and  quackery  are  con- 
stantly reaping  the  rewsyrds  that  his  sense 
of  right  suggests  should  be  the  prize  of  worth, 
honesty,  and  science.   The  struggle  with  igno- 


CIritfW*  DtekcM.j 


THE  GHOST  TH^T  APFEAEED  TO  MES.  WHAliTuX. 


139 


i 


r 


|-aiice — oftt?n  with  |x)verty  wid  lioi>e  defcrretl 
^and  theii  tlie  final  gradual  triumph  of 
i.._.  ...t  ..,,j  ;^^  r.«..,.,i  in  diatmctiou, 
esoflessenmx 
;•  Ic  lives.    ThU 

1  raj-ers.   Each  yoiuig 

1  Ilia  own,  and,  ajs  Ilia 

iiigli-iuWB  trdiiipk  dowu  the  Bt^drojise  when 
the  lecture  is  over,  he  h  Ihinkin;,'  of  the  driv 
when  he  m  to  step  out  <»f  tlie  hall  of  a  Bick 
ducltesa  into  a  yflloTV  chariot,  to  be  driven 
round  to  a  host  of  equally  disttnguiahed 
pati«ntfl. 

At  time^, »'"'  "' ♦  ''o  often  as  they  might  he, 
thfiie  oijeii!  1  aihlre^ea  are  enlivened 

hv  ;iLi.  »!  1  iH  of  human  experience, 

r  u  lecturer  who  so  enlivened  his 

i  \  tj?cd  to  rain   the  heart*  of  his 

Hy  when  heen- 
4  ,  now  the  great 

li^>fiul^  ii^fU,  mu-lv  L>uimi.='rrt  t^-lM-uiii  with. 
One  diiv  he  was  describing  his  iv  '  .t tend- 
ance on  A  grand  operation*  at  wkicL  a  senior 

«irpe<in  seeing  him  stand  by,  ^hl,  *'  Mr. 

»eo  if  you  can  feel  the  artery."  "  I  put  my 
digit  into  the  wound/'  confesijed  the  future 
great  opea-ator,  "and  so  prot^ed  it,  but  the 
eJLamJ  n^itiou  gave  me  about  as  much  infonna- 
tion  UA  if  I  haS  put  my  finger  into  the  Atlantic 
to  discover  America." 

But  this  great  day  for  the  doctors  in  all 
ce9  at  the  proeent  time  presents  a  great 
trH>5t  to  thinga  aa  they  were,  even  in  the 
^..►,.  ,.v    -f  thoae  who  are  now  active  and 
ich  meetings  ;  and  as  the  change 
u-  -    -         the  age  we  live  in,  it  may  well  be 
noticed. 

Every  living  bein|p — every  man,  woman, 
and  cniUi  —  endures  a  certain  nscertAined 
amount  of  aickneas  during  life,  for  the  allevia- 
tion of  whidi,  medical  knowledge  and  skill  ia 
re<]tjirvd.  But  medical  efficiency  in  the  tre^it 
ment  of  disease  cannot  be  gained  unless  the 
y<»itiig  doctor  basee  all  his  subsequent  studies 
upon  u  thorough  knowledge  of  tue  structure 
ol  tlie  human  body.  This  information  can 
only  be  had  by  the  use  of  the  scalpel  upon  tlie 
de^.  The  very  notion  is  apt  to  send  n  thrill 
through  every  ncr\*e  of  those  unaccustomed  to 
retpuxl  the  subject  in  a  phllosophiod  light. 
But  tlie  terms  ar©  absolute:  no  dissection — 
no  ki       '    '         ^  .  rations,  such  means 

of  ill '  Uieu  to  the  student ; 

and  i-^t***^  t^cti^i^vL  .-,  uiw,  and  abhorrent  to 
jiopular  feeling,  the  uiducky  doctors  had  to 
run  all  sorts  of  risks,  and  to  resort  to  all 
kiinU  of  improper  and  disagreeable  expe- 
dients to  procure  the  means  of  teaching  the 
art  of  the  anatomist.  Hence  sprung  up  a 
race  of  "resurrection  men,*'  as  they  were 
called, — men  who  stole  the  bodies  of  the  dead, 
to  sell  them  to  anatomical  schools  for  dissec- 
tion. Their  robberies  of  th«  grave  were 
carried  on  at  great  riRks.  The  pubUc  de- 
testation of  the  crime  was  so  ^^at,  that 
■when  a  clumsy  or  unlucky  follower  of  it  was 
detected,  he  mid  to  fight  for  his  life,  or  aub- 


rnit  to  be  kicked  and  lieaten^  and  trampled  to 
dejith. 

IJii  t  « 1 V .'  !n  r- 1  (>f  October  ia  nt^  1  "1 '  <-'-  '■  rirmreded 
by  1  '  »f  the  "  resui  r  '"    no 

long-  I  by  the  lack  of  i  i- pur- 

suirtg  the  branch  of  study  on  wliieh  the 
sutMirstructure  of  medical  knowled^  must  be 
nused.  A  population  of  two  millions  has 
ever  some  members  dropping  from  the  ranks 
8olitar>'  and  unknown — tJie  wiiifs  and  strays 
of  society — without  friends  to  know  or  to 
mourn  their  fate.  .\Jm08t  always  paupers, 
oflen  criminals,  though  their  lives  may  nave 
l>een  useless,  or  woi"se,  they  seem  to  make,  when 
the  fitful  stniggle  is  over,  some  atonement 
after  death.  The  wreck  of  their  former  selves 
h  offered  at  the  slmne  of  science  for  a  while, 
and  when  thereafter  ihey  are  gathered  to  the 
kindred  dust  of  the  graveyard,  they  may  sleep 
none  the  leas  calmly  for  having  contributed  no 
mejin  help  to  the  a  1  t  of  that  branch 

of  human   knowK'<  I  has  its  annual 

ovation  on  the  first  ^.»  ^  >.  i^^o^r — the  gre^t  day 
for  the  doctors. 


THE  GHOST  THAT  APPEARED  TO 
MBS.  WHAETON. 

"WfliN  my  mother  was  a  girl,  some  rumotirB 
began  to  steal  through  the  town  where  she 
lived,  about  something  having  gone  amiss 
wnth  old  Mi*8.  Wlmilon  :  for,  if  Mi's.  Wharton 
was  not  known  by  all  the  townsiwople,  she  was 
known  and  respected  by  so  many,  that  it  was 
re&Uy  no  trifle  when  she  was  seen  to  have  the 
contracted  brow,  and  the  pinched  look  about 
the  nose  that  peo^de  have  when  they  are  in 
alarm,  or  living  a  hfe  of  deep  anxiety.  Nobody 
could  make  out  what  was  Uie  nmtter.  If 
asked,  she  s^d  she  was  weU.  Her  sons  were 
miderstood  to  be  perfectly  respectable,  and 
aufticiently  prosperous  ;  and  there  could  be  no 
flouht  Ml)Out  the  health,  and  the  dutLfulne9B,and 
the  cheerfulness,  of  the  umimiTied  daughter 
who  lived  with  her.  The  old  lady  lived  in  A 
house  which  was  her  own  pi-oiKirty  ;  and  her 
income,  though  not  large,  was  enouch  for 
comfl^rt.  What  could  it  b«  that  maae  her 
suddenly  so  silent  and  grave  ?  Her  daughter 
was  just  the  same  as  ever,  except  that  she  w«» 
anxious  about  the  change  in  her  mother.  It 
was  observed  by  one  or  two  that  the  clergy- 
man had  nothing  to  say,  when  the  subject  wsb 
spoken  of  in  Ms  heai-ing.  He  rolled  and 
nodded  his  head,  and  he  glanced  at  the  ceiling^ 
and  then  stuck  his  chin  deep  Into  his  shirt- 
frill  :  but  those  were  things  that  he  was 
always  doing,  and  they  mi^ht  mean  nothing. 
When  inquired  of  about  his  opinion  of  MtK 
^^liartons  looks  and  spirits^  ne  shiiled  his 
weight  fix>m  one  foot  to  the  other,  as  he  stood 
before  the  fire  with  his  hands  behind  hu% 
and  said,  with  the  sweet  voice  and  winning 
manner  that  charmed  young  and  old,  that,  a0 
(ar  as  he  knew,  Mrs.  Whaiton's  external 
afiaii^  w^ei'e  all  right ;  and,  as  for  pe.ace  of 
mind,  he  knew  of  no  one  who  more  deserved 


140 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


lO«M«cto«t|r 


iigrised 
Wilful 


it  If  tlie  counw  of  her  life^  and  the  temper 
t>f  her  mind  did  not  entitlo  her  to  pence 
within,  he  did  not  know  who  could  hone  for 
it.  Somebody  wliispered  that  it  would  be 
dreadfiil  if  a  Bhockiiig  morlAl  diseAae  flhoiiM 
be  aeixinpf  upon  her :  whereupon  he,  Mr. 
Ournev,  olwerved  that  bo  Ihou^'ht  he  should 
liave  knovsii  if  miy  such  thing  wjia  to  be 
apprehended.  Ah  far  as  a  tif  itf  indigt'Hlion 
weijt,  he  believed  she  suffered  occaiiiomdly  ; 
but  she  did  not  henself  iidmit  even  that. 
Dr.  Kipbinson,  who  wan  preBont,  said  that 
Mre.  Wluirton's  friends  might  Ihj  quite  ea«v 
about  her  health.  She  was  not  troubled  with 
mdigestion^  nor  with  any  other  comjjlaint. 
P^ple  oould  only  go  on  to  aak  one  another 
what  could  he  tho  matter.  One  or  two 
that  Mr.  Guniey  had  made  very 
ajnawera,  in  which  he  was  much 
auisted  by  hift  curious  customary  geaturea  ; 
but  that  he  had  never  said  that  he  did  not 
know  of  any  trouble  Ijeing  on  Mrs.  M^iarton's 
mind. 

Soon  after  this,  a  like  mysterioua  change 
Appeared  to  come  over  the  daugliter  ;  but  no 
diwisters  could  be  di8covere<l  to  have  haii- 
pened.  No  disease^  no  money  losses,  no  fajnily 
anxietiea  were  heard  of;  aiid^  by  degreea, 
both  the  ladiea  recovere<i  nearly  their  fonuer 
cheerfulness  and  ense  of  manner, — nearly,  but 
not  altogether.  They  appeared  somewhat 
'Vubduad,  in  countenance  and  bearing ;  and 
they  kept  a  solemn  silence  when  some  buY»- 
lectn  vv^re  talked  of,  which  often  turn  up  by 
the  Christmas  fireai<ie.  It  was  years  before 
the  matter  was  exi)lmned.  My  mother  was 
nuirried  by  that  time,  and  removed  from  her 
smoky  native  town,  to  o  much  brighter  city 
In  the  south.  She  useil  to  tell  ua,  as  we  grew 
lip,  the  story  of  Mis.  Wliarton^  and  what  she 
endured ;  and  we  could,  if  wo  had  not  t»een 
BBliamed,  have  gone  on  to  say,  ob  if  we  had 
atill  been  little  children,  "tell  ua  again.*' 
When  we  were  going  into  the  north  to  visit 
our  eraiulparenU,  it  was  all  vci-y  well  to  tell 
ua  of  coal-waggons  that  we  should  see  running 
without  horses,  or  iron  railK  laid  down  in  the 
roads  ;  and  of  the  keelmen  rowing  their  keel- 
boats  in  the  river,  and  all  at  once  kicking  up 
their  right  legs  behind  them,  when  they  gave 
the  long  pull  ;  .njiri  of  tli»^  gla&s-houftes  in  the 
town,  with  fire  coming  tmt  of  the  top  of  the 
high  chimneys ;  ana  uf  the  ever-imniing 
mounds  near  the  mouths  of  the  coal-pits, 
where  blue  and  yellow  (lame^i  leaped  alwut, 
all  night,  through  the  whole  year  round.  It 
was  jUI  verj'  well  to  think  of  seeing  these 
thing.i  ;  but  we  thought  much  more  of  walk- 
ing past  old  Mm.  Wharton  iiouse^aud  jjerhaps 
inducing  Mr.  Gumey  to  tell  tis,  in  his  way, 
the  story  we  had  so*  often  heard  my  mother 
tell  in  hers. 

The  story  waa  thia. 

One  Midsunimer  morning  Mrs.  Wharton 
was  so  al«ent  at  breakfast,  tSiat  her  daughter 
found  all  attempU  at  conversation  to  be  in 
vain.      So  she  quietly   filler!   the  coffeenpot, 


which  her  mother  had  forgotten  to  do,  and  in 
the  middle  of  the  forenoon  ordered  dinner, 
which  she  found  her  mother  had  alio  for- 
gotten. They  had  just  such  a  li  '  ^  i-ir* 
three  tiroes  more  daring  the  ne\  i" 

Tlien,  on  Miss  WJiarton  crossing  tli.-  ji;iJi,  nlie 
met  her  mother  in  tjonnet  and  shawl,  about  to 
go  out,  80  early  as  half-past  nine.  The  cir- 
eumatance  would  not  have  been  remarked, 
but  for  the  mother's  confused  and  abashed 
way  of  accountiug  for  going  out.  She  should 
not  be  gone  long.  She  bful  only  a  little  call 
to  make,  and  so  on.  The  call  was  on  Mr. 
Gumey.  He  had  hanily  done  breakfast^ 
when  he  was  tohi  tliat  Mrs.  Wliarton  wished 
to  speak  with  him  alone. 

When  he  entere<l  the  study,  Mrs.  Wharton 
seemed  to  be  as  unready  with  her  words  oa 
himself  ;  and  when  he  siiook  hands  with  her, 
he  observed  that  her  hand  was  cold.  She 
said  she  waa  well,  however.  Then  came  a 
{lause  during  which  the  good  pastor  was 
shifting  from  one  foot  to  v^e  other,  on  the 
hearth-rug,  with  his  hands  behind  himj  though 
there  was  nothing  in  the  grate  but  shavings. 
Mi-s.  Wharton,  mea.ntime,  was  putting  her 
veil  up  and  down,  and  her  gloves  on  and  off. 
At  last,  with  a  constrained  and  painful  smile, 
she  said  that  she  was  really  ashamed  to  say 
what  she  came  to  say,  but  she  must  say  it ; 
and  she  believed  and  hoped  that  Mr.  Gumey 
had  known  her  long  enough  to  be  aware  that 
she  was  not  subject  to  foolish  fancies  and 
absurd  fears. 

"  No  on©  further  from  it,"  he  dropped,  and 
now  he  fixed  his  eyes  on  her  fare.  Her  eyes 
fell  under  his,  when  she  went  on. 

"  For  some  time  past,  I  have  suffered  from 
a  most  frightfid  \'isitation  in  the  night." 

*'  Visitation  !    Wliat  sort  of  visitation  1  *' 

She  tumed  visibly  cold  while  she  answered 
"  It  was  last  Wednesday  fortnight  that  I 
awoke  in  the  middle  of  the  night — that  is  be> 
tween  two  and  three  in  the  morning,  when  it 
was  getting  quite  light,  and  I  saw — ■ 

She  choked  a  little,  and  stopped. 

"Welir*  said  Mr.  Gumey,  "What  did 
you  see  1  *' 

''  I  saw  at  the  bottom  of  the  bed,  a  moot 
hideous — a  most  detestable  face — gibbering, 
and  making  mouths  at  me.'* 

"  A  face  !  " 

"Yea;  I  could  see  only  the  face  (except, 
indeed,  a  hand  uj>on  the  bedpost),  because  it 
peeped  round  the  bedpost  from  behind  the 
curtain.  The  curtains  are  drawn  down  to  the 
foot  uf  tlio  bed." 

She  stole  a  look  at  Mr.  Gumey.  He  was 
rolling  his  head  ;  and  there  was  a  working 
about  his  mouth  before  he  asked — 

'*  What  tune  did  you  sup  that  night  ?  "         • 

"  Now,"  she  replied,  **  you  are  not  going  to 
say,  I  hope,  that  it  was  lughtmare.  Most 
people  woM ;  but  I  honed  that  you  knew  me 
l>etter  than  to  suppose  that  I  eat  such  suppers 
na  would  occasion  nightmare,  or  that  I  should 
not  know  nightmare  from  reality/' 


THE  GHOST  THAT  APPEARED  TO  ME8.  WHAKTON* 


141 


^  But,  my  dear  Mrs.  Wh&rtoD,  what  eLie  c&n 

*'P«rliit|»a  you  had  better  lifltcu  ftirther, 
before  yoa  Bay  aiiythinK/' 

He  iicHltietl  and  amiledi  as  much  as  to  say 
that  was  true. 

**  1  hftire  BeeQ  the  same  appcaraoce  on  three 
ocoaicuia  ttoce." 

"Indeed!" 

**Yea,  on  three  eevenJ  nights,  about  the 
same  hoar.  And,  smee  the  first  appearance, 
my  Slipper  has  been  merely  a  little  bread  and 
butter^  with  a  ghus  of  water.  I  chose  to 
exclude  nightmare,  as  I  would  exclude  any- 
thing whatever  that  could  possibly  cause  an 
appearance  so  horrible." 

^  What  sort  of  face  is  it  1 " 

**  Short  and  broad  ; — siUy»  and  yet  sly  ;  and 
the  features  gibber  and  work, — Oh!  fear- 
f uUy  1 " 

"  Do  yoa  hear  it  come  and  go  1 " 

*'No*  When  I  wake — (and  I  never  used 
to  wake  in  the  night) — it  La  there:  and  it 
disappears — to  say  the  truth — while  my  eyes 
are  covered  ;  fur  I  cannot  meet  its  eyes,  I 
hear  nothing.  When  I  veDture  a  glance,  some- 
times it  is  stiU  there  ;  sometimes  it  is  gone." 

"  Have  yoa  missed  any  property  1  '* 

"No  ;  nor  found  aiiy  trace  whatever.  We 
have  tost  nothing  ;  and  there  is  really  not  a 
door  or  window  that  seema  ever  to  havft  been 
touched :  not  an  opening  where  any  one  could 
get  in  or  out." 

**  And  if  there  were,  what  could  be  the  ob- 
ject ? — ^What  does  your  daughter  say  to  it  ?  ** 

"  Oh  I  "  said  Mrs*  Whartouj  rising  quickly, 
**  Bha  does  not,  and  indeed  she  must  not  know 
a  word  of  it.  I  ought  to  have  said,  at  first, 
that  what  I  am  tellmg  you  is  entirely  in  con- 
Mence.  If  I  told  my  daughter,  it  must  then 
go  no  ftirther.  We  could  not  keep  our  ser- 
vants a  week}  if  it  got  out.  And  if  I  should 
want  to  let  my  house,  I  could  not  6nd  a 
tenant.  The  value  of  the  projierty  would  go 
down  to  nothing;  and,  in  justice  to  my 
daughter,  I  must  oousider  that ;  for  it  is  to  be 
hers  hereafter.  And  we  could  never  have  a 
^eat  to  stay  with  us.  No  one  would  sleep 
m  the  house  a  single  night.  Indeed,  you 
must  not  .....** 

**  Well,  well ;  I  will  not  mention  it.  But 
[3.  don't  see " 

He  paused  ;  and  Mrs.  Wharton  replied  to 
his  thought. 

"It  is  difticult  to  form  conjectures, — to  say 
anything,  in  such  a  case,  which  does  not 
i^ipear  too  foolish  to  be  uttered.  But  one 
must  have  some  thoughts  ;  and  perhaps — if 
one  can  talk  of  possibilities — it  is  possible 
that  this  apjpeai%'uice  may  be  meant  for  lao 
aioue  ;  and  therefore,  if  I  can  conceal  it  from 
ray  daughter  .....  till  I  am  convinced 
whether  it  is  meant  for  me  alone " 

"1  would  soon  tiy  that,"  obaerved  Mr, 
Gurney.  Seeing  Mm.  Wharton  look  wistfully 
at  him,  he  continued, 

"  My  advice  is  that  yott  have  your  daiighter 


I  Bleep  with  you,  ailer  heanng  your  story.  Try 
whether  she  can  see  this  face.  * 

"  You  do  not  think  she  would  1" 

"  I  think  she  would  not. — My  dear  firiend, 
if  I  were  a  medical  man,  I  could  tell  you  facts 
which  you  are  little  aware  of, — ^anecdotes  of 
the  strange  tricks  that  our  nerves  play  with 
us  ;— of  dclusiona  so  like  reality '* 

"Do  you  think  I  have  not  considered 
thatr*  exclaimed  the  poor  lady.  "Mr. 
Gumey,  I  did  not  think  that  ^u  woidd  try 
to  persuade  me  out  of  my  senses^  when  I  teU 
you,  that  four  times  I  have  seen  in  davlight, 
and  when  wid^  awake,  and  in  perfect  health, 
what  I  have  siiid." 

Mr.  Gumey  was  very  gentle ;  but,  as  he 
said,  what  cauld  he  suggest  but  indigestion, 
or  Bome  each  cause  of  nervous  disturbance  i 
Yet  hia  heart  smote  him  when  his  old  friend 
Laid  her  forehead  againat  the  mantel-piece^ 
and  cried  heartily. 

He  did  all  he  could.  He  tried  indefati- 
gably,  though  in  vain,  to  persuade  her  to  let 
her  daughter  share  the  Bpectade  :  and  he^ 
went,  the  same  day,  when  Misa  Wharton  wtm 
out  for  her  walk,  and  the  servants  were  at 
dinner,  to  examine  the  house.  He  made  no 
discovery.  The  grating  of  the  under-ground 
cellars  were  perfect,  llie  attics  had  no  trap- 
doors ;  and  the  house  had  no  parapet  Thfr 
chimneyB  were  too  high  and  narrow  for  any 
one  to  get  in  at  the  top.  No  window  or  door 
was  ever  found  unfastened  in  the  morning. 
Mrs.  Wharton  did  not  think  she  could  engage 
for  courage  enough  to  get  out  of  bed,  or  to 
look  beyond  the  curtains.  Nor  could  she 
promise  not  to  draw  her  curtains.  The  &oe 
nad  never  appeared  within  them  ;  and  they 
seemed  a  fjort  of  protection  where  there  waa 
no  other. 

Without  having  made  any  promisoi^  she 
went  so  far  as  to  start  up  in  bed,  the  next 
time  she  saw  the  fiice.  Tlie  eyes  winked 
horribly  at  her  ;  the  head  nodded — and  waa 

ue.  The  beating  of  her  heart  prevented 
er  hearing  anything  that  time  ;  but  once  or 
twice  during  the  autumn  she  fancied  she 
heard  a  light  and  swift  footstep  in  the  passage. 
She  always  led  her  room-door  open,  for  the 
Bake  of  the  same  sort  of  feeling  of  security 
that  most  people  crave  when  they  shut  ana 
bolt  theirs.  If  this  was  a  ghost,  bolts  would 
not  keep  it  out ;  and  she  could  fly  the  more 
easUv  tnrough  the  open  door  if  her  terror 
should  become  too  great  to  be  endured  alone. 
For  the  first  time,  she  now  burned  a  night* 
light  in  her  ch.-uuber,  as  the  nights  lengthened, 
and  not  a  dim,  fltckerim^  I'ush  caudle,  but  a 
steady  wax-light.  She  knew  that  her  daugh- 
ter wondered  at  the  strange  extravagance  ; 
but  she  could  not  bear  darkness,  or  a  very 
feeble  light,  when  the  thing  might  be  behtnd 
the  curtain. 

Throughout  October  the  visits  were  almoii 
nightly.  In  the  first  week  in  November  th«y 
suddenly  ceased  ;  and  so  many  weeks  passed 
away  without  a  return,  that  Mis.  "Wharton 


goi 
hei 


143 


HOTTSEHOID  TTOBDS. 


(CoDiBcM  hf 


l> 


betgftH  to  lie  s  little  al Armed  nbont  her  own 
wita,  imd  to  aak  het-seli"  whether,  oftt-r  all,  it 
VP9S  uot  possihie  that  thia  wnfi  a  trick  of  the 
uervei.  One  iii^;ht  in  January,  that  douht, 
at  l<>io*t,  was  settled  ;  for  there,  at  tlie  aanie 
bcflpost,  was  the  aaine  £aoe,  Mra.  Wharton 
w«»  »".w  niter  ihia  inter\'al,  sviUhiiul  at  "i'  < 
S  <>rne,  for  half-a-yeur,  her   pn 

;-^  I  uf  her  digestion  and  of  her  wi.vi 

auu  nuw,  ahe  reoJiy  wanted  a3niipnthy.  She 
let  hiin  toll  her  daughter  {let  him,  rather 
thwi  tell  it  herw?lf,  becanne  he  conld  make 
light  of  it,  and  «Ue  could  not) ;  find  she  ghvily 
agreed  to  let  her  daughter  ^\ee\^  with  her. 
^r  long,  slie  gainvd  nothing  by  it.  During 
the  whole  fortnight  that  the  vasita  now  con- 
tinued, Mifls  Wharton  never  once  saw  the 
&ce.  She  tried  to  wake  the  moment  her 
mother  to\iohe<i  her ;  she  tried  to  keep  ftwake ; 
bnt  ahe  never  saw  the  face :  and  Atler  that 
fortniglvt,  it  did  not  come  again  till  April. 

One  bright  May  dawn,  she  snw  it.  Her 
mother  pulled  her  wrist,  and,  she  waked  up 
to  a  sight  which  bunied  itsi4f  in  upon  her 
bnuii.  She  mippre^»ed  a  shriek  at  the  mo- 
ment ;  but  she  could  not  tell  Mr.  Gumey  of 
it  afterwanls,  without  tears.  She  wanted 
that  day  to  leave  the  houae  immediately ;  bnt 
the  thought  of  her  mnther'a  long-auffenng 
with  thia  horror,  the  consideration  of  th« 
seriuiia  conaequences  of  declaring  themaelvtaa 
ghoBt-fleers  in  the  town,  and  of  the  diaastroua 
effect  upon  their  property,  and  of  the  harm- 
m^m  of  the  ghoBt,  induced  her  to  summon ' 
her  counu^e,  and  Ix^ar  on.  She  did  more. 
»en  a  littw  innre<l,  ahe  one  night  api'ang 
out  of  bed,  mahed  round  the  foot  of  it,  ami 
out  ujwn  the  lau«ling.  The  stairs  wei't  htill 
dim  ill  the  dawn  ;  but  ahe  was  confident  tliat 
Bhe  «»w  something  mosing  there  —  paa^kig 
down  to  the  hall.  As  ik^on  aa  she  could  make 
the  dcrvontH  jttteud  her,  she  told  them  ahe 
believed  aomebody  waa  in  the  houae ;  and  aU 
the  four  women— two  ladiea  and  two  niaida — 
went,  ai-med  with  poken  aod  ahovelR,  and 
examined  the  whole  honae.  They  found 
nothing,  neither  in  the  chimneys,  nor  under 
the  beds,  nor  in  any  clcaet^ — nothing-  from 
cellar  to  attic.  And  when  the  maids  haxi 
reoorered  a  little,  they  a<^eed  what  a  tire- 
aome  ami  weaiTiiug  thing  it  waa  when  ladies 
took  fia,ncica.  Iliw  waa  oidy  their  fii-at  night 
of  diaturbauce,  Miaa  Wharton  called  them 
up  three  timea  more  ;  and  then  she  gave 
the  ttuitler  up.  The  aervanta  thought  her 
strangely  altered,  and  wished  she  might  not 
be  going  to  be  ill. 

'rhufl  mattei-a  went  on  for  some  years.  The 
oddeat  ttiing  waa  the  fjeriotlicity  of  the  riaita. 
In  winter  they  wei-e  rare  ;  but  there  was 
generally  a  short  aerica  in  or  about  January, 
after  wliich  they  ceased  t'dl  the  end  of  March, 
or  the  beginning  of  April.  They  went  on 
through  nearly  the  whole  summer,  with  one 
or  two  intervala  of  about  a  fortnight.  The 
aervanta  never  auapected  even  the  exi*<tence  of 
the  mystery.    Their  ladiea  never  mentioned 


it ;  and  no  article  was  ever  displaced  at  nidit. 
The  ladiea  became  in  time  so  aceustomed  to 
the  appearanoe  aa  to  bear  it  alij^<  it 

uneftftineaa.     It  occurred  to  them  ^, 

how  odd  it  waa  to  be  rnnrig  tit'  ^ 

of  such  a  mysten'  ;  and  they  i 

>   '*tt8  were  tidked  aljoni.  antl  .  .  .     ..*d 

serious  when  they  were  lnui^hed  at  t  but 
t  alarm  ha«l  mibaided.  The  Thing  never 
did  them  any  harm ;  and  they  had  now  got 
merely  to  open  drowsy  eyes,  to  see  if  it  waa 
there  J  and  to  drop  aaleep  the  moment  it  waa 
there  no  longer.  ThiB  may  seem  stranjrP  to 
thoee  who  have  not  (and  .also  to  tho^e  wbo 
have,)  seen  ghoeta  ;  but  we  none  of  us  know 
wh.at  we  may  c<ime  to ;  and  these  two  Indies 
reached  the  point  of  turning  their  hetulft  on 
their  piUows,  without  much  lie/Uih  •  <i*"  ilie 
heart,  under  the  gibbering  of  ii  hM  L 

One  ciroumstance  worth  iiotin«;  le 

Thing  once  apoke.     Aft*r  one  of  it^  m«»ekuig 
noda^  it  aaid,  "  I  come  to  eee  yon  wlienever  I 
pLeaae,"     ^Vhen  Mr.  Oumey  waa  told  this,  he 
asked  whether  the  laitgiiage  waa  English,  and 
what  sort  of  English  it  was.     It  must  hrwe 
been  EngUeh,  as  the  ladiea  did  not  ohaerve 
anything  remarkable.     As  to  th*'  '♦i'f-  •+    it 
hiul  math?  no  particular  impresaion  • . 

but  when  they  came  to  remember  rn  i  r, 

they  thought  it  must  have  been  the  broad 
dialect  of  the  district,  which  they  were  ac- 
customed to  hear  in  the  kitchen,  and  in  the 
streets  and  &hopB,  every  day.     This  waa  all, 
Amidat  the  multitude  of  nightly  ncfitationa, 
no   explanation — no  new  evidence — oceurreil 
for -< '    T   !  '   ira.    Mr.  Gumey  waa  not  fond 
of  i  letl.     Hia  plan  waa  to  dirtmi^a 

froxu    ....  ..^..li  what  puzzleil  him.     He  seldom 

inquire<l  sd\vv  the  gh«>8t ;  and  when  he  did, 
he  always  revived  the  same  auawer. 

One  moming,  after  tlu8  lapse  of  rears,  IMr. 
Gumey  called  to  aicik  the  lailies  if  they  would 
like  to  join  a  party  to  see  a  ghvaahons**.  Tlie 
reaidenta  of  manufacturing  tnwna  cannot 
intrude  in  such  placed  at  their  o^\i 
but  (aa  is  well  known)  take  their  > 
when  an  arrival  of  atrangera,  or  ,l.mi  .-,u  k 
occaaion,  opens  the  doora  of  any  manufactory. 
Mr.  Gurney  waa  the  lirst  man  in  the  town^ 
in  regjud  to  doing  the  honours  of  itv  All 
strangers  were  introduced  to  him  ;  aiid  the 
doors  of  all  Bhow-places  flew  open  before  him. 
He  waa  wont  to  mvite  hia  fi'ienda  in  tnrn  to 
accompany  him  and  hia  party  of  fo 

these  ahow'placea  ;  and  he  now  3 

Wliartona  to  the  glaaahonae.  Misi^  Vv  niiiLon 
waa  unavoidably  engaged  at  the  school,  but 
her  mother  went. 

When  the  whole  partr  were  standing  near 
one  of  the  fumacea,  observing  the  coarsest 
kind  of  glass  blowing — that  of  green-glaaa 
bottlea — Slra.  WTiaiton  suddenly  seized  Mr. 
Gurney'a  arm  with  one  band,  while  with  the 
other  ahe  i>ointe<],  p«st  the  glare,  to  a  6gure  on 
the  other  Kide  of  the  furnace. 

"  Tli;4t  'a  the  face  !  "  ahe  excUimed,  in  great 
agitation  j  "  Keep  quiet,  and  pull  down  your 


3 


veiL"jfc«J  '  ■"'     ' '  .me}-  m  her  ear.    She  drew 
ht^V  fr  '»w,  and  let  tlown  her  veil^ 

ftl^)^^T^^g  a^ .. .    .vi.ile  to  atani],    Mr.  Game]r 

^ad  not  offio'  her  an  arm  ;  he  had  something 
^»t>  t4t  do. 

•*Who  ia  ihiii  man  V  he  inquired  of  the 
fbtvmMi,  who  was  showman  at  the  moment. 
The  man  inquire<l  iill»oyt  lociked  scarcely 
Iranian,  H«*  wjw  stunted  in  fienrire,  large  in 
ilMse,  ojt  1  '  — making  all  allowance  for 
the  pnl^  'lis  cheeks,  as  he  blew  vigo- 

ronaiv  at  uil-  t-ud  of  the  long  pipe  he  was 
twirlmg  in  his  babootilike  hands. 

•*That  poor  fellow,  sir?  His  na.me  la 
Ifsddlcton.  He  is  a  half-wit, — indeed,  very 
hmH?  a  complete  idiot  He  ts  just  able  to 
do  what  vou  see—blow  the  coarsest  sort  of 
^nmr      ' 

Mr.  Ourney  ^snahtnl  to  speak  with  him  ; 
mi»l  LliM  ^HK»r  i*n*!itnit?  wns  mimmcmed.  He 
<jji!  '   he   grinnenl   yet   more 

vl  d  to  ahuw  the:  glass- 

fa'  i.    Mrs.  Wharton,  with 

b<  1  her  friendV  arm  ;  and 

tVi  ..-     .    t,  wlms  was  reraarkflbly 

li.  I  for  a  wonder),  to  the  place  he 

Tk;,  t  .nd  of.    He  t4>ok  them  <iown  to 

thr  Aiiiir»iing  chamber;  and  then  he  oheerved 
thnt  h  wn^  **n  nice  warra  place  o*  nighta." 
Tl'r  ?  how  he  knew  that,  he  began 

•^  li  hta  tincer  at   Mre.  Wharton, 

under  her  bonnet.    Being  advisea 
'  in  the  fa^ce,  she  raised  her  veil  ; 

\i  ..^  .M  vuleil  and  gigdetL  and  said  he  had 
seen  her  many  a  time  wlien  she  was  asleep. 
wvd  Tii:iTiv  ,1  time  when  she  waa  awake  ;  ana 
»t  r  too,  who  was   not   tht?re.     He 

hi'i  down  here  when  the  other  men 

went  j*v*aj>- — it  was  aio  warm  ♦  and  then  he 
could  go  when  he  pleased^  and  see  "Aer  there,** 
Aod  the  ulher,  when  they  were  aaleeji.  Mr. 
Gorney  enticerl  him  to  whisper  how  he 
it  ;  »n\l  then,  with  an  air  of  silly 
J,  he  showeil  a  httle  square  trap-door 
wall,  close  by  the  floor,  through  which 
he  iutid  he  passed.  It  seemed  too  small  for 
the  purpose ;  but  he  crept  in  and  out  again. 
On  the  other  side,  he  declarejl,  was  Mrs. 
Wliart<in*a  cellar.  It  was  so.  Far  tlistant  as 
the  glftsahouse  fleeme<l  fr<:mi  her  house,  it  ran 
back  so  fai',  the  cellar  j-unning  back  also, 
Ui&t  tliey  met.  No  time  was  lost  in  sending 
round  to  the  cellar ;  and,  by  a  conversation 
held  throiiL,^h  the  trapnloor,  it  waa  aacert^ued 
that  when  Mrs.  Wharton's  stock  of  coals  was 
low,  th:it  is,  in  summer,  and  before  a  fresh 
supply  came  in  in  mid- winter,  Miiidleton 
eoujd  get  in,  and  did  get  in,  abnost  every 
night.  Wlien  he  did  not  appear,  it  was  only 
the  coals  covered  the  tnu>door. 
shall  say  with  what  saitsfaction  the 
watched  the  nailing  up  of  the  trap- 
door, and  with  what  a  sense  of  bUasful  com- 
fort they  retiivd  to  rest  heneeforthl  Who 
fthaJl  eiitiniate  the  complacency  of  the  good 
clergyman  at  this  complete  solution  of  the 
greatest  mystery  he  h^i^l  ever  eucountet^i  1 


WTio  will  not  honour  the  courage  and  forti- 
tude of  the  hulitsa,  and  ivjoite  that  their 
dwelling  eaca|Hjd  the  evil  reputation  of  being 
a  Haunted  House  ?  Ijijstly,  who  will  not  sjij 
that  most  of  the  gtiblua  tales  extant  may,  it 
inquired  into,  be  as  easily  accounted  for  as 
thsit  appertaining  to  the  good  Mrs.  Wharton  ; 
which  has  this  advantage  over  all  other  ghost 
stories  :'— it  is  perfectly  and  literally  trae. 


CHIPS. 

A  VOICE  FROM  A  '^  QUIET"  STREET. 

Sir, — Your  article  in  a  recent  number,  on 
the  suViject  of  street  music,  was  very  good  as 
far  as  it  went.  But  I  have  this  fiiult  to  tind 
with  it,  that  it  leaves  untouched  a  series  of 
nuisances  which  are  much  more  awftil  and 
heart-rending  than  those  which  it  attempts  to 
describe.  Somebody  must  start  up  to  be  the 
Cobden  of  these  abuses.  Somenody  must 
arise  to  put  them  down,  or  perish  in  the 
attempt  I  venture  to  offet  ro^'self  on  the 
shrine  of  my  suffering  country. 

Three  days  ago.  Sir,  I  returned  to  town  with 
my  friend  and  coUaborateur,  Jones,  We  are 
writing  a  three  act  drama  of  inteniie  and  ap- 
naUing  interest ;  and  have,  for  certain  reaii9n% 
been  spending  a  foi^tnight  in  Paris,  On  our 
return  to  Ix>ndon  we  agreeti  to  nick  out  some 
quiet  lodging  wbeTc,  imdisturbed  by  the  roar- 
ing of  cabs  and  omnibuses,  we  might  coutinue 
our  work  without  molesftation.  For  this  pur- 
po»e,  we  fixed  upon  one  of  the  street*  running 
from  the  Strancl  to  the  river,  which  by  their 
quiet  air  and  aeclude<l  appearance,  invite  the 
attention  of  the  passer-by,  and  seem  to  pro- 
mise an  eternal  repose.  It  may  not  be 
generally  known  that  in  some  of  these  streets 
— I  allude,  of  course,  to  Craven  Street,  Norfolk 
Street,  Cecil  Street,  and  theur  parallels — grass 
actmdJy  growa  In  Cecil  Street  we  secured  a 
convenient  two-pair  front ;  and,  moving  in 
there  with  our  cai7>et-bags,  indulged  in  dreams 
of  tlie  success  which  we  were  about  to  achieve. 
We  drew  out  the  career  of  the  ru^an,  killed 
him  at  the  end  of  the  tliird  act,  made  puns 
for  the  comic  charactei'S,  wept  over  the 
suflrering  heroine,  and  determining  to  set  to 
work  betimes  the  next  morning,  went  to  bed 
early. 

Well,  Sir,  no  sooner  had  the  breakfiiat 
things  been  cleared  away,  ?jid  we  were  engaged 
upou  the  opening  scene — ^a  chorus  of  Peasants 
and  Peaaaatesaea,  I  necxl  hardly  m\y — than  we 
were  alarmed  by  a  fiightftil  noise  outside  the 
windtjw.  It  was  impossible  to  contiime  our 
work  while  it  lasted,  so  1  went  to  the  window 
to  see  what  waia  the  matter.  Will  it  be  be* 
Ueved  7  Three  individuals  were  standing  on 
each  other's  heads,  and  from  each  of  the  arms 
of  the  topmost,  two  infants  of  tender  yean 
were  8us{*cnde«i.  A  mob  of  butcher  Doy% 
servant-maids,  policemen,  and  other  unein* 
ployed  persons,  were  shout"  *'  ■  •  r  - 
applause  around  them. 
Qt  our  melodrama  demandi. .  ^  „. u  ,j 


li 


lU 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


Bomethjng  vigoTona.  We  aocordiugly  sent  out 
tlio  servaat-of-all-work,  a&  a  defiutation,  with  a 
Bbilling,  aud  a  request  that  they  would  "  mov<a 
OD,*'  Hjs  there  whs  a  gentlemau  iti  the  hauae 
niflicted  with  liimhago.  It  had  the  desired 
effect — the  donative,  not  the  meiBiago  Mud 
we  thon^ht  we  were  free, 

Fallacioos  hope  ! 

We  had  scarcely  net  to  work  again,  and 
IimI  got  one  of  the  peasants  in  the  drama  upon 
his  knees,  offerbg  a  rose  to  hia  beloved^  and 
pointing  to  a  djst^uit  cottage  on  the  Rhine, 
when  a  more  terrible  noise  invaded  our  eurs. 
Tliis  time  it  was  a  "  Punch,"  to  which  a  retired 
half-pay  officer  and  hia  family  in  the  first-floor 
front  are  partial  and  which  had  come,  by 
their  express  ordera,  to  perform  in  front  of 
the  houae.  The  habituU  of  this  kind  of  exhi- 
tion,  gathered  round  in  denae  array  to  witness 
their  favourite  performance,  andf  there  we 
were,  stopped  again  for  a  full  half-hour.  But 
everything  mueit  have  an  end,  and  the 
"  Punch  "  at  len^h  departed  amidst  our  aup- 
presaed  maledictions.  With  difficulty,  indeed, 
was  my  heroic  friend  Jonea  prevented  from 
rushinc  out  and  administering  a  kick  to  the 
dog  Toby  who,  with  a  pipe  in  nis  mouth,  had 
added  ten-fold  to  our  agony,  and  contributed 
to  the  horror  which,  for  my  part,  I  have 
always  felt  for  precocious  animaia. 

Well,  Sir,  we  had  no  aooner  congratulated 
ourselves  on  tlie  termination  of  this  dWracefiil 
scene,  when  an  individual  habited  in  a  Turkish 
garb  came  into  the  street,  to  swaUow  a  sword 
aud  to  balance  a  walkin^^-stick  on  hui  coppei^ 
coloured  noaa  Neither  sixpeDces,  nor  sMlliDgBL 
nor  pro testationa,  could  get  rid  of  this  infernal 
Orientid.  who — in  perfectly  good  English — 
informed  us  that  he  had  not  been  that  way 
for  a  whole  fortnight,  and  that  he  really  must 
perform.  It  was  in  vain  that  we  requested 
uim  to  retire— if  not  to  his  own  country,  and 
the  emiling  babes  he  had  left  behiDd  him 
either  in  Damascus  or  in  Houndaditch — at  all 
eveutfl,  lower  down  the  street.  He  was  in- 
exorable, and  for  full  twenty  minutes  large 
pebbles  and  other  heavy  articles  seemed  to 
disappear  down  his  capacious  throat,  and 
were  brought  up  again  before  our  reluctant 
eyes. 

He  was  succeeded  by  a  Hindoo  chieftidn 
who  donoed  the  national  war-donoe,  howling 
at  tlie  same  tune  the  national  war* son^— upon 
a  deal  plnnk,  two  feet  fiquare. 

I  shall  not  prolong  this  painfid  subject  much 
further.  At  half-paat  one,  wc  had  a  Fan- 
toccini ;  at  three,  a  performance  of  Ethiopian 
serenaders  j  at  four,  a  select  band  of  Scottish 
youths,  to  execute  the  fling  ;  intcn!j>er8ed  at 
intervals  with  barrel-organs,  organs  upon 
wheels,  bruss  bands,  violinists,  flute-players, 
and  every  other  kind  of  known  and  unknown 
musieiniis.  Now,  Sir,  just  to  show  you  the 
effect  that  these  accursed  artists  have  had 
upon  one  of  the  most  promishig  dramatic 
pieces  of  the  sewon,  take  this  passage  oa  I 
find  it  written  in  my  MS. : — 


Btrirtint.  Beloved  Anna,  cost  not  upon  me  that 
coQtctnptuouif  looL  The  false  Ferdmimd  lovos 
thee  not*     Oli  !  say,  chftrmer,  wilt  thou  be  minel 

Anna  {mMin^  tmderly).    Curse  that  Turk  ! ! 

I  could  put  up  with  bai'rel-organs.  I  could 
bripg  myself  to  suffer^  almost  without  re- 
pining, under  "  Lucy  Long."  I  could  even  en* 
dui-e  ^*  Ti-ab  Trab/'  But  to  be  molested  with 
these  Punches  and  Eastern  performers  is  too 
much  for  me.  To  watch  one  of  these  Abo- 
rigines (I  supnoae  I  ought  Ui  say  an  Aborigo) 
tearing  his  hair  and  making  pretence  to 
munch  his  enemies;  1^3  hear  ttie  particulars 
of  the  last  half-dozen  bnrglariee  and  murders 
shouted  under  my  very  noso ;  to  listen  to  a 
usavl  and  six  siiuUl  cliildren  bellowing  at  the 
top«  of  their  fitinitorian  voices  that  they  have 
not  partdken  of  food  for  three  days,  and  are 
ready  to  drop  down  with  exhaustion.  All  tlua 
is  too  much  for  me.  It  occasions,  in  the 
sensitive  mind  of  a  melo-<iranjatist,  a  degree 
of  phrenzy  that  makes  him  ready  to  tear  hijft 
hair,  Kke  the  Aborigo  ;  to  yell,  like  the 
whoophig  ludian;  to  drop  down,  like  the 
fatherless  and  motherless  children  and  their 
exhausted  but  strong-voiced  parents. 

Is  there  no  law.  Sir,  to  protect  these  un- 
happy streets  from  the  vagrants  who  infest 
them  ?  No  iuteruational  tr«ity  to  compe} 
Oriental  nations  to  keep  their  jugglers  and 
curiosities  to  theniselvea?  No  untenanted 
patent-theatre  where  Punch  aud  Judy,  and 
Fantoccini,  might  find  a  secure  retreat  t  No 
policeman  lying  in  ambush  in  a  larder,  ready 
to  spring  out  upon  the  offenders  I 

My  mind  is  made  up.  I  shall  take  a. 
lodging  in  the  most  cab-frequeutetl  street  that 
I  can  find,  and  com|x>se  my  master-piece 
there. 

Even  as  I  write,  and  the  shades  of  evening 
are  stealing  upon  me,  J  observe  an  individuiJ 
advancing  slowly  out  of  the  Strand  with  a 
huge  drum  and  a  fiie.  Two  other  luiscreanta 
are  following  him,  wrapped  up  in  large  great- 
coats. A  secret  presentiment  tells  me  that 
the  wretches  are  about  to  throw  off  their 
great-coats  and  stand  upon  their  heads  in 
front  of  my  window,  I  can,  consequently^ 
write  no  more,  but  must  remain, 

Sir, 
Your  \cry  obedient  and  afflicted  Sealant, 

Join«  %iivni^  Dramatic  Autficr* 

Cecil  StP8et»  Strand. 


Now  readg:,  Prtc4  6d,(lW,  ntattif  It«vitd  in  Chth, 

THE    FIRST    VOLUME 
or 

HOUSEHOLD   WORDS. 


THE    HOUSEHOLD    NARRATIVE 


CURRENT  EVENTS. 


ThiM  Monthly  Bufplemmi  tff  HtmmkaUt  Word»,  MMteMnf 
a  hUUry  of  |A«  frwuem  mimA,  it  umttd  rt^kUtrlff  mitk  Um 


raMiiha4  M  Oc  OflM^  Mo*  l§.  WcUlMto   Btf««t  Nofth,  Bu t&d.    ttiatvi  hf  Bum«*t  a  Bmh m,  Wy IcMmk  Ln4«« 


FamilUr  in  iktir  Mouth*  as  HOUSEHOLD  TrOHD5.**— StfA««r«««. 


HOUSEHOLD   WORDS. 

A   WEEKLY    JOURNAL 
CONDUCTED     BY    CHARLES     DICKENS. 


SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  9,  1850. 


[P&ics2<t 


THE  COW  WITH  THE  IfiON  TAIL 


It  wj»«  four  o'clock  in  the  roorning, — and  the 
Cow  with  the  Iron  Tail  prepared  for  tlie 
diiti«a  of  the  day  with  her  accustomed  sto- 
lidity. Standing  bolt  upright,  at  the  eiid  of  a 
dusky  (^ourt-yan^,  where  day-break  found  it 
Vfti-y  ililiicult  to  penetrate^  she  submitted  to 
theVixure  of  her  irou  tail  by  a  sturdy  Welsh 
girl,  aod  a«  it  waa  raia«d  up  and  down,  ahe 
spouted  forth  from  her  iimocent  nozzle  a  oon- 
8ci«(Utiou8  stream  of  wat«r  into  the  unconsci- 
entiouB  vesaek  of  Mr.  William  Yawl,  the 
dluiTiDaD,  whoae  neat  little  ahop  waa  situated 
'^^  A  con  venient  distance.  This  shop,  or  dairy, 
__  ,  a  low-fronted  wlsdow,  in  which  were  seen 
^eercfml  tin  cana,  ranged  round  a  small  slani- 
iii|;  board,  whereon  appeared  the  poHxait  of 
a  tvd  anil  white  cow,  between  whose  legs  and 
the  wimiow  ^hias  was  thrust  a  little  Maket^ 

1, "- "      -'    and  a  cobweb.    A  gera- 

j  ly  leaves  and  a  very  red 

w..,  .-...  ,  „. .  ,  .„  Uie  background.  Over  the 
lodg(«  of  the  door  stood  a  small  field-sate^ 
originally  painted  white,  but  being  made  of 
tin,  it  had  aevend  stains  of  rust  running 
down  the  bars,  and  had  also  lost  somewhat 
of  itA  (»ri<,^in&l  shape  and  attitude.  Into  this 
door  came  httrr>'mg  a  Welah  girl,  with  two 
woodtiai  pnails,  just  filled  from  the  Cow  with 
the  Iron  Tad,  standing  bolt  upright  in  Pump 
Court,  Skartou's  Buuilings,  High  Holboni. 
Tl^e  Rirl  was  soon  followed  by  a  boy,  who 
brougnt  a  large  pitcher  fiill  of  water.  He 
jostled  the  girl  in  the  narrow  nassage,  as  she 
was  busthug  forth  again  with  W  ^ils  for  a 
fresh  supply ;  and  this  went  on  untU  the 
quantity  required  had  been  obtained. 

Between  the  Dairy  of  Mr.  WvUiAiu  Yawl 
and  Puinp  Court,  there  intervened  an  alley,  a 
mews,  and  a  narrow  street.  At  the  comer  of 
the  ha4.ter.  and  commanding  a  peep  down  the 
alley,  and  a  squint  rourid  5»e  mewa,  perched 
the  thin,  tltret>-wiudowed  house — one  window 
standing  on  the  top  of  au other— of  Mr.  Tim 
Blivvrs,  the  barber,  whose  blue-and- white 
8]gn-|Hile  projected  from  his  second  window, 
so  as  to  attract  customera  at  right  angles, 
acut«  angles,  obtuse  angles,  and  from  ovcr- 
the-way.  Mr.  Yawl's  water  business  being 
ovtj*,  he  had  hurried  off  to  Newgate  Market, 
and  was  now  on  hla  way  back,  at  long  strides, 
with    something    large    and    soil,    carefuUj 


folded  up  in  a  buudle-haudkerchicf   Wlit^n.  aa 
he  was  passing  the  comer  just  de^> 
bolted  Mr.  Tim  Slivers  upon  him — ti 
shutters   of  his  shop  were  not  dowu— and 
seized  liim  by  the  coat-tail 

"  Stop  !  "  said  Tim. 

"Oh,  good  morning,  Mr.  SUvers,"  said 
Yawl,  much  startled  and  embarrBssed;  Tdid 
not  think  you  ever  got  up  so  soon." 

"Never  you  mind  about  that^*'  answered 
Mr.  Slivers,  keepLoe  his  hold  on  the  coat-taiL 
"  I  'm  up  too  early  for  you,  it  seems  ;*'  and  he 
cave  a  knowing,  and  rather  lualidoua  smiling 
look  at  the  large,  soft  bundle  under  Mr. 
Yawl's  right  arm. 

**  What  do  you  mean  2 ''  cried  the  alarmed 
dairyman. 

"Just  this,"  said  Mr.  SUvers.  "You've 
left  my  es^y-shaving  shop  for  the  oyster- 
knife  scraping  of  Ptxlgj-  Green,  and  I  won*t 
stand  it.  Mark  that!  One  thing  more," — - 
and  Mr.  Tim  Slivers  raised  Ids  (orelinger — 
**  I'll  peach  !  '*  Uttering  thi?  J».:..lf.,l  .i-,.,)^ 
he  lowered  the  tip  of  his  !, 

poking  it  deep  Into  the  surfacr  .  <^ 

bundle,  gave  a  wicked  grin,  and  ran  book  into 
his  dark  doorway. 

The  face  of  Mr.  William  Yawl  turned  sa 
pale  as  one  of  Ids  own  milk-pans,  as  he  stood, 
staring  stupidly  at  the  dark  doorway  into 
which  Slivers  had  just  skipped  out  of  ught. 
He  next  looked  down  at  his  bimdle,  glanoju 
all  over  it^  to  see  If  any  aperture  had  betrayed 
its  contents.  No  aperture  of  any  kind  was 
visible,  and  he  slowly  turned  aadde,  and  bent 
his  way  to  his  D^iry  with  oppressed  and 
anxious  feelings.  His  batch  of  nulk  son!  out 
that  morning  was  a  fadure ;  it  wa^  more  than 
usual  in  quantity,  but  not  of  its  usual  good 
colour,  and  bad,  if  attentively  consioered 
before  mixing  it  in  tea  or  cotfec,  a  very  queer, 
and,  to  the  uninitiated,  an  inexplicable  twang. 
Apprehension  —  nervousness  —  that  was  tha 
cause  of  it. 

Mr.  Yawl  was  unable  to  eat  anj  breakfast ; 
and  after  many  hesitations  dunng  an  hour 
and  a-half,  he  bent  his  tremuhms  steps 
towards  the  threatening  pole  of  ^Ir.  Tim 
Slivers,  and  entering  the  shop,  announced, 
with  a  foolish  smile,  mtended  to  be  easy  ana 
cordial,  that  he  liad  come  to  be  shaved. 

"  So  then,  at  last,  you  really  do  want  shav^ 
ing,"  said  Mr.  Slivers,  assiduously  ooutinaiz)g 


1 


TO^IL 


-JA 


I 
I 


146 


HOUSEHOLD  WOBDS. 


lCM4aeMlf 


I 


I 


hifl  work  of  Btropi/iii;^  a  razor,  which  waa 
effe<:ted  hy  means  of  a  l>ng  atroj*,  the  top  of 
which  was  oailed  half-way  up  the  -wall,  uhil*? 
he  held  the  other  end  in  hia  hmid.  drawiug 
out  the  ieatiier  to  the  propier  Angle  af  tdHskni. 

"YeV  re|>lled  Mr.  Yawl,  prit ting  up  hit* 
liAnd  to  hia  chiu,  with  a  weak  attempt  at 
undei-standing  the  irony  of  Mr.  Sliver*  in  u 
literal  genise,  "  Yes,  Sir  ;  I  think  I  do." 

*'  Oh,  you  do,  do  yc«i  ?  Well,  then,  now 
I  'm  ready  for  you.  Sit  dowii.  Lean  back. 
Easy,  yoTi  know,  as  usnal.  Don't  sit  bo  stiff. 
Ther*— quite  with  your  l»aok  against  the  hhck 
of  the  abftviug- chair.  My  lather 's  not  hot — 
don^t  flinch.  S«> — ah — ahem  !  Cold  moming, 
this  morning — oarlr,  I  mean."  Here  he 
adju«t«d  the  white  cloth  befi«ath  bis  patient's 

"Ym"  said  Mr.  Yawl;  "it  irtu  rather 
cold  ; — not  so  ven%  neither/* 

"  Butchera'  markets  tiBually  ib  cold,"  re- 
m^rkt'd  Mr.  Slirera,  tnckinc  the  cloth  in 
round  the  thn)atj  "'specially  in  the  early 
part  of  the  morning.  fk>  much  stone.  an<l 
wet.  *  *  '  Hope  you  got  a  good  lot  of 
Bhe.  V' 

'..;,.. ,..  j.uns<*nie  !  WhAt  do  you  mean, 
Mr.  Slivers  1  *' 

•*  What  you  had  in  yonr  btindje,  tliia  inorn- 
ing.    1  felt  'em,  you  know— poke- i 
into  the  «>ft  phimpness  of  trie  h; 
I  know'd  it  wba  sheep's  braina,   directly  I 
aawyou." 

''No  Buoh  thing,  Sir!"  aaid  Mr.  Yawl, 
tryinc  to  look  bold  and  offended,  and  avoiding 
tile  advnT   '       '      1  of  hia  operator. 

"Well.  then."* 

"No,  rvi..  .-,.,, -lis,  nor  bulJocki*,  neither. 
Whvuhould  1—"    There  he  wtop^nyi. 

"Then,"  said  Mr.  Sliirera,  with  a  confident 
tone,  beginning  to  apply  the  lather,  "  it  wna 
calves* — yes,  calvea'  brains  for  break  fa«tj  and 
A  goorl  thing  too,  ain't  they  ?  " 

**For  those  who  like  them,"  replied  Mr« 
Yawl,  guardedly. 

"  We  mu«t  learn  to  like  them,  anyhow." 
wdd  the  perwsverinc  barl>er,  "  both  at  bi^ftk- 
fittt  and  tea,  couaiaering  we  ^-nn't  gtt  our 
mid  good  without  some  such  thing.  Come,  I 
know  all  abotit  it." 

"  I  dan*t  care  what  you  know,"  aaM  i>oor 
Mr.  Yawl,  his  face  beeomiug  aa  white  and 
quivering  as  curds  and  whey ;  "  it  ^a  nothing 
to  me  what  other  dairytnen  tto.** 

**  *Coarse  not ;  yon  can't  help  what  they  do. 
I  say  So.  Hold  up  j'our  cliin  !  They  send  to 
the  CV>w  with  the  Iron  TmI,  and  they  mix  a 
pint  at  least — some  on  'cm  a  pint  and  a-half, 
ur  more — tn  every  quart  of  milk.  Hold  up 
your  chin  a  leetle  higher.  Then  the  milk, 
ymi  know,  looka  too  thin,  so  they  beats 
up  the  lirains  in  a  moi-tar— <*!ves'  waina  is 
besty  because  it  oom«  nearer  to  the  nature  of 
ft  eow— «nd  when  they  are  well  worked  up, 
and  mixed  with  the  milk,  they  give  it  the 
tluckness  it  has  lost,  and  restore  its  colour. 
Chin  up— 1  can*t  cleverly  get  at  you,  if  you 


Mi 

rillii. _.,  .. 

irig  til  in  ; 
•  l«>ot-;'r"s,  an 
balk,  iitade 


jxjint  your  nose  down  at  yom*  toe,  in  that 
w;iv.    Then,  there  ^s  some  as  uses  clialk,  or 
-  -        .'    ,     put  J 

up  the 
a. -.01  look> 
(0  a  secret 
.V  orange-red 
njysienous  stuti^  which,  being 
well  wi.rkfMl  round,  nicUs  graulufJly,  and  gives 
the  uic»j  yellowish  tint  what's  wanted.  And 
I  /a/jy  he.'ii'd— I  necuse  nobtwiy  in  particuLur — 
that  when  a  nice  froth  is  wanted  to  the  top, 
tboy  ^omsrtimen  throw  in  a  number  of  snaiu^ 
stir  them  round  -  '  ■  1,  and  then  strain 
them  off,  so  that  j  ne  the  wiser." 

"As  1  hope  to     - L,"  exclaimed  Mr. 

Yawl,  *'  I  never  did  any  such  thing ;  and  I  *d 
send  »way  anv  sefraut  or  boy  of  mine,  as 
hinted  at  such — ^that  I  ^x)utd."  And  Mr. 
Yawl  rose  to  hi^  fnll  height^  with  the  white 
cloth  still  close  rttund  his  throat,  and  hanging 
down. 

"  Dont't  ^<t  up  ! "  cne<l  Mr.  Sil  U* 

ing  hia  victim  by  the  shoulder*,  ..  ig 

him  down  upon  the  hard  wc>tMirii-:i«:4Led 
chaitj  *'  Why  ao  yon  get  up  ! 

"why,  have*nt  yon  done   both  sides V 
inmiired  Mr.  Yawl. 
'^  Tes  ;  to  Ik*  sure  T  have  ;"  iviid  '^fv  81ivCT«, 


towel; 

»ar  hair  ii*  in  a  shock 

-^^uite 

neglected — all 

comes  of  vour  U;. 

n->r 

that  infftmntiji 

ouaHe,  Pfk<l?v  Or 

1^ 

he  took 

1     Kow, 

sit  atdl 

Yon  mil 

" 

Mr.  AVmi' 

i<»;iu<.vj  ifjv 

''       m! 

rcprAted   to 

:%    melo-»li 

!>C 

he  had  receiu. 

.  ii<  ...,i  at  a  nalo'-.w 

1.  1...  ,iv  L^.'^— • 

*  t  am— I  feel  it — in  this  villain'H  poww  f  *^ 

"You,  see,"  pursued  Mr.  Tim  Slivfi-ft.  ap* 
plying  hie  large  comb  with  i  :>- 

aore/and  opening  the  jsfwa  *  ui 

their  flill  width,  as  he  stood  astnd«i  in  front 
of  his  man,  "You  see,  it  cau\  be  pure  milk 
as  we  all  drink,  and  I  *li  show  yon  how  it 
ctnt  be.  Say  there 's  two  noUions  and  more 
of  us  here  m  Ijondon ;  and  suppose  each 
ponjon,  on  the  average,  takes  hfdra-plnt  of 
milk  a*d.ay — " 

*  But  they  don*t  do  it "  intorpo«e<l  Mr, 
Yawl,  "  that  *s  much  too  high  a  nestimote. 
Half-n-nint  1^1  wish  they  did." 

"And  so  they  do,"  proceeded  the  na- 
conauerable  Slivers  ;  "  there 's  tea  and  coffee 
in  tne  morning — good  ;  and  there  '•  tea  and 
coffee  in  the  evening — good.  But  besides 
this— mind,  1  said  one  with  another— thei-e  *s 
bread-snd-milk  for  break£fist,  and  paps,  and 
bottler  of  milk  for  hinfa&ta,  and  thei^  's  pies 
and  puddings,  and  cakea^  blce-Ti  -  '"^  "nd 
costards,  and  soaps  and  sarces,  ^  >r 

the  sick,  and  curds  and  way,  and  i^  ;  h, 
and  mm-and-milk — nice  thin;?,  you  know— 
and  Sometimes  a  bath  of  milk,  for  tho«se  a.*i 
oanH  swallow : — nounehmeot  gets  tl trough  tlie 
pores,  my  boy !  "—and  amaok  dosed  the  iawa 
of  the  scissors  with  the  bst  word,  and  aorwii 


Ckkrt*  DMMft ) 


THE  cow  WITH  THE  IKON  TATU 


147 


fell  *  (rr»t  tuft,  of  Mr,  William  Yawls  hair 
mv>Ti  the  upper  leather  of  his  left  boot. 

\\*\  kx>ke<i  down  at  the  tuft  of  hair 

-  [  '      .  '  .    '   *'  ' 

Ail    LA*iiiti"li   1  i'.CAv    1  i'rlii  iiii  i«-ii    ^*ll.    .'^ii^'-is. 

'*  A  great  many,"  repli*?d  Yawl,  Tkrighteniu^' 

*^:  :  SUvera,:- 

uiv  .i  c  of  hair  t  ■ 

.  m;^'  the  blades  of  the  8ci*soi-s  W  their 

■    .Hpe»  "now,  hifclf'tt-pLDt  aday  for  two 

lu    !    r     .  t    r.'jple  amounts  to  five  hundred 

tl     i-^  T;  t   iji  ;iits;  to  obl^a  which  we  must 

r        fitly  thousand  cows,  each  producing,  on 

verage,  ten  quarts  a  day.    So,  vou  see, 

rding  to  Corker,  we're  thirty  tLousand 

ws    ahort    of  oar    pnjper    complenaent^ — 

.1  tT,^.  mill-  f.f  ftll  these  has  to  be  supplied 

h  the  Iron — Tail,  my  boy  !  ^*-^ 

-  second  great  tufl  of  hsir.and 

-Lose  be&ide  his  ahom  oompanioa  o&  the 

"  An«l  pray,  where  did  you  learn  all  this  ? " 
etjr^nirwl  Mr.  Yawl^  in  a  quainog  voice. 
" " '  '  M  yon  all  these  thincs  7 — ^though  it 's 
!  '  me,  vou  know — 1  *m  not  a  cow- 

*'  To  be  sure  you  ain^t.    I  know  that  reiy 

^xoi-\ — very  *'— (here  Mr.  Slivers  performed 

dance  round  his  victim,  operating 

I  rously  with  his  comb  and  scissors) 

■— vet^' — very   well,  you  see.     But  there  's  n 

knowmg  old  fellow  comes  here  to  >»e  shaved 

twicip  a  week,  and  I  was  telling  him  of  your 

Wring  roe  for  old  Podc}*  Green,  and  so  we 

Ik  and  cows,  and  then  he 

>ucem." 

in  I?   Ml*    vuiker,  as    you   spoke  o^  I 

MoppoBn ;  he  *d  better  have  mind^  Ills  own 

Itii;4nn>ii  "  fiiiir]  ^fr.  Yawl. 

'<J  Slivers,  making  his  scissors 

s  ery  eye,  "  it  was  not  Corker  ; 

i  I  mm,  your  landlord,  to  whom 

X  quarters*  rent," — and  clash 

Utrut  Liic  Si.Lic5.ors  m  their  final  performance. 

It  w.ia  true ;  Mr.  Yawl  aid  owe  three 
^[O&rters  ;  ard  he  remained  moodily  specu- 
ikimg  on  liifi  (kllen  tufts,  bunches,  and  short 
^nd*  of  hair,  as  they  lay  scattered  around  liia 
boots,  while  Slivera  amused  himself  by  twist- 
bj'-  ij»»  smoking  paper  with  a  pair  of  hot 
<•  ns, 

ott^"  resumed  the  inexorable  barber, 

whrti  I  have  said  isn't  a  hundredth  part  of 

rhat  old  Dignum  told  me.    The  management 

of  LoDfh'ii  cows  is  certainly  T«iy  carious — 

and  hothh-fying.** 

*'  You  know  I  "m  nci  &  cow-keeper ! ''  in- 
terrupted Mr,  Yawly  \rith  a  look  of  aUnn. 

*'  1  know  you  're  nofr,"  said  Mr.  Slivers^ — 
**  don't  flinch'so  ! — the  irons  ain't  too  hot  I 
mm  awaro  as  vou  don't  keep  cowa,  aiid  don't 
know  much  of  such  things  as  I  'm  going  to 
tell  von  ;  but  you  ought  tu  know — ^it  "a  veiy 
much  your  interest  to  know.    l>on't  flindi  so, 


X  say.    First,  as  to  the  purchase.    Poor,  lean, 

nmiigy,  o^-^er-diviv,  feverish  cows  are  bought 

cheap  at   Sraithfield.    That's  liad,  to  begin 

witJi,  .lin't  it  1     But  suppose  the  cows  as  are 

u  cent  kind  of  aniiuaJa, 

hey  soon  hav«  to  lead. 

.V  ^j-  >ii   jiMiiKn .  ,-t   ,u,'  London  milch  cows 

live  ill  dark,  damp  dt^uu*,  undtr  intone  .M'clnfa 

ji.ir  the    Thames     In  one  of  these  ranges 

.  or  ^y  cowB  are  packed,  in  a  spaoe  nut 

_'j  enough  for  a  doaten  ;  the  shed  is  lit  with 
ya*,  which  adds  to  the  hot  steam  of  the  breath 
and  the  hides  of  tlie  cows ;  and  tha  wentiU- 
tion  tliey  get  is  by  means  of  a  hole,  of  less 
than  ctne  foot  sqtiare,  in  the  wall  of  the  lane 
that  leads  to  the  halfpenny  steam-boate. 
Maybe  you  don't  know  where  that  is  ? " 

"I  don*t  know  aa  I  do,**  murmured  poor 
Mr.  YawL 

'*I  thought  not.  Well,  that's  oue  of  the 
kind  of  pLacea  they  live  in.  Other  oow- 
kcepers  have  sets  of  cellars^  aud  other  under- 

f  round  phices ;  othen  pack  them  in  yardfi^ 
irty  lanes^  or  any  holes  and  ooTDera^  and 
often  in  comiwoy  with  swine — and  the  bof- 
fensive  hodours  are  enough  to  pyaon  all  tlte 
neighbourhood.  When  cowa  live  in  dark 
dens,  or  filthy  yards,  in  the  worst  of  company, 
or  else  with  their  smooth,  hinnocent  noses 
doM  up  against  dead  wall»r— with  all  manner 
of  the  foiueetest  aocumuhUions,  no  drainage, 
and  no  atom  of  wentUatioa^-^Ul  of  which 
causes  diseases,  aich  as  manget,  and  other  skin 
diseases,  besides  consumption,  and  a  bad  foot, 
so  bad,  sometunea,  tliat  the  hoof  rots  off — 
what  sort  of  milk  are  such  miaerable  hanimals 
at  them  likely  to  perdooce  1 " 

**  Mt/  cow-keejx-'r'B  cows  don't  live  in  such 
pUceaJ"  interposed  Mr.  Yawl,  with  an  effort 
to  rally  ;  "  they  live  hi  proper  sheds,  with 
plenty  of  air,  good  draina^,  and  h>ta  to  caX." 

**Ohj  no  doubt— certaiuly^ — ^the  milk  tliat 
comes  to  you,  Mr.  Yawl,  is  quite  good — ^very 
good  indeed — in  the  first  instance— whew  !— 
but  I  was  alluding  to  London  cows  as  they 
are  for  the  niost  part.  Then^  you  talk  of 
eating !  What  sort  of  food  do  most  of  the 
den-kept»  unaired,  undrained  hanimals  get  f 
If  you  don't  know,  I  'U  tell  you.  London 
cows^  for  the  most  part>  are  fed  from  the  offal 
and  sweepings  ot  the  Loudon  wegetabU 
markets,  ttnd  of  greengrooen*  shopa,  aa  was 
discovered  by  Mr.  Hocson  Bu£g,  »  lunthnjkte 
friend  of  Mr.  Dignum'a.      CabUa^  a 

aU  colours,  half-rotten  turnips,  <:  -s, 

bad  potatoes,  and  such  like  ;  and  othtar  pro- 
vendjer,  as  will  keep,  is  stowed  away  in  loft^ 
or  on  shelves  just  over  the  cowa,  ao  as  to 
absorb  all  the  hsui  steams  and  bad  smells  that 
rise  up,  which,  after  a  Cew  weeks,  don't  make 
verv  mce  eating.  'Stead  of  nice  fresh  wege^ 
tables,  these  cow-keepea^  feed  the  poor  cr«a- 
tm'eti  with  brewers'  aud  distillers*  graiua,  and 
dLitlllers*  wash  ;  and  Mr.  Bugg  says  it 's  thar 
chief  article  of  food,  whereby  their  livera  ars 
very  much  enlarged,  become  hard,  refuse  to 
perform  their  naytural  baziatomical  hol&oa^ 


p 


148 


HOUSEHOLD  WOEDS. 


tC««4<Nin*A  ty 


I 


and  ao  the  poor  Waata  i^'t  Ihe  yellow  jaundice, 
just  the  same  aa  with  men  who  are  alwaya 
ooBotting  theraaelveHi  with  beer  and  gin." 

"J/w/fr  Slivei'8  ! "  exclaimed  Yawl,  rifling 
from  the  Iftrge  wooden  arm-chair — hi«  head 
covered  all  over  with  little,  hard,  araoking-hot 
curk^ — find  the  long  white  cloth,  which  had 
been  tucked  in  a  ring  close  munfl  hia  throat, 
still  hanging  down,  *'  Muter  Slivers  ! — it  isn't 
in  flesh  and  blood  to  endure  tliis  any  l«)ng«r' ! 
I  feel  that  all  this  is  meant  for  me — it  'a  said 
at  me — apitefiilly  at  m«\  Mr.  Slivers,  filthough 
ou  know  very  well  tliat  I  am  not  a  cow- 
eeper,  that  1  never  iw*  a  cow-keeper,  nor 
none  of  my  family,  Sir,  nor  my  father  before 
me, — wn-found  you  ! " 

Jdr.  Slivera  8tep|>ed  back  a  pace  or  two  at 
this  tmexpected  exhibition  of  spirit  in  the 
usually  meek  Mr.  Yawl ;  but  mBtantly  re- 
covering his  preHence  of  mind,  he  applied  the 
tin  of  Ilia  curlini;  irons  to  one  aide  ol  hia  head, 
wi^K-h  he  gently  ta])pe<l,  in  a  quaint,  knowings 
indolent,  quietly  threatening  manner,  as  he 
softly  uttered  the  words—*'  C^tlves'  brains  !  " 

Mr.  Yawl  I'eeletl,  and  lo<>ke<l  ready  to  faint. 
He  placed  one  hand  languidly  upon  the  top 
of  A  wig-block  at  his  aide,  not  Beerng  what  it 
waa,  to  support  himself. 

8iowly,  Aiid  with  a  serious  countenance,  the 
remorBeleaa  Slivera  adviuiced  towards  him  ; 
gently  untucked  and  pulle<l  out  the  cloth  fix>m 
Around  Mj\  Yawl's  throat ;  folde<l  it  np ;  laid 
it  upon  a  shelf,  together  witli  his  ciirliug-iroiis 
and  nciftsoi-B ;  went  to  a  little  dusty  glass 
case  ;  pushed  back  a  slide ;  took  down  a 
^lilK>t  ti'oni  the  top  shelf,  and  a  bottle  from 
u  cotifu«iou  of  uickiiacks  below  ;  and  agidn 
approached  Mr.  Yawl. 

**  Here,"  atiid  the  baiber,  extending  the  galli- 
pot, "  is  some  Pomatum  de  Frenclupostrum, 
just  come  from  the  Tivoll  Gardens  of  Paris, 
It  will  cool  the  skull  at\er  the  heat  induced 
by  ctirltng,  and  halluy  any  little  soreness  from 
oloso  pinching,  It  ^rill' likewise  materiaUy 
assist  the  growth  of  the  hair,  and  give  it  a 
ffloss.  And  here  is  a  Iwttle  of  Iioron  von 
Softei-smere's  Anti-Peatiferish  Wash,  which 
I  sti'ongly  rekkimend  to  your  use  every  day, 
after  you  Lave  tinished  themauifiu^kturofyour 
milk,  to  peFwent  the  hotlours  of  your  work 
from  betraying  of  your  secret." 

Scarcely  conscious  of  what  was  being  done, 
Mr.  Yawl  allowed  the  gjdlifjot  to  be  placed  in 
one  hand,  and  the  bottle  in  the  other,  as  he 
mAile  his  way  out  of  the  door, — the  detestable 
Slivers  whispering  as  he  j^isaetl  that  he 
trusted  he  snould  see  him  every  morning  to 
be  shaved — and  cut  and  cui-led  on  Sundays. 

Such,  then,  is  the  result  of  the  discoveries, 
not  only,  let  us  say,  of  Mi-.  Digimm  and  the 
pertinacious  Mr.  Tim  Slivera,  but  of  the  more 
elaborate  1^1  r.  Kug|,  who  has  put  forth  various 
pApei-8  on  the  subject  of  the  manufacture  of 
London  milk,  and,  in  especial,  a  jjampblet, 
wherein  he  collects  all  niii  forces  on  this 
important  Metropolitan  subject. 


That  there  is  great  tnitli  in  Mr.  Rugg*8 
statements,  we  are,  in  many  respects,  well 
aware,  having  obtained,  in  Tierson^  a  know- 
ledge of  the  same  \ — that  there  is  another 
yiew  to  be  taken  of  Loiidou  ^lilk,  we  are  also 
prepared  U)  show. 

Let  the  reader  accompany  ua  half-a-dozen 
miles  out  of  Ijjwn.  We  pass  thrtmgh  Cam- 
berwell,  thr  '  "  Mitra,  and  Peekham  Rye, 
and  we  |trv  ourselves  in  a  dLBtrict 

that  looks  lit,.  ....i.-Mjly  like  "the  count rj'," 
considering  how  short  a  time  it  is  since  wo 
left  the  "  old  smoke  "  behind  us.  We  alight 
and  walk  onwania, — and  certainly,  if  the 
sight  of  green  fields,  and  cows,  and  hedges, 
and  farm-yards,  denote  the  country,  we  aii© 
undoubtedly  in  some  i-egion  of  the  kind. 

We  pass  down  a  winding  road,  between 

[  high  hedges  of  bush  and  trees^  then  cUmb 

I  over  a  gale  into  a  field  ;   cross  it,  aJid  then 

;  over  another  gate  into  a  field,  ft-om  which  we 

commence  a  gradual  aaceut,  field  aft<?r  field, 

,  till  finally  the  green  slope  leads  us  to  a  cour 

siderable   height.    We    are    on    the    top  of 

Friera  Hill. 

It  is  a  briglit  sunny  morning  in  Septembei% 
and  we  behold  to  perfection  the  moat  oora- 
plete  panorama  that  can  l>e  found  in  the 
suburban  vicinities  of  London.  ♦Stjiiiding  on 
the  broad  green  summit  of  this  hill,  wiih 
the  face  turned  towanla  Fr"  T  v  Farm^ 
wliich   is  about  a  mile  di  u';  you 

see,  on  yonr  extreme  righi,  .mwHri's  Hill, 
Blackheath,  and,  on  clear  days  like  this,  th« 
tops  of  maats  of  vessels  coming  up  tlie  river. 
Then,  Greenwich  Hospital,  with  trains  on  th* 
railway — like  little  fan  v  curria-jre!^.  or  magic 
toys,  roiming  alone— <:■  u    On  a 

clear  day,  also,  you  rau}  .  ;is  now, 

the  nifist-head.  containing  uLo  laiilhur u,  of  the 
Nore  Light- Boat.  Next,  Deptford,  with  tha 
masts  and  sails  of  shijja  gliding  onward, 
beyond  and  above  fields  and  house-topa, — ia 
the  strangest  manner,  even  though  we  know 
how  it  all  is.  Drptf^nl  Doekyartl,  Limehouse 
Church,  and,  still  fullowing  on  the  circle,  the 
Tcwcr  of  I/>ndoTi.  Next  coiues  the  Monu- 
ment, between  which  and  the  hill  where  we 
are  standing,  we  descry  below  in  the  meadowR 
the  Dsiry  Fiii-m  of  JViern  M-onor,  But  leC 
your  eye  again  ascend  to  mo%'e  along  Ihe 
[>anoramic  circle,  as  before.  There  you  see  tLe 
grand  sombre  dome  of  St.  Paul's ;  and,  on 
the  highest  ground,  as  you  move  onwards^ 
Highgate  Church  ;  further  onwards,  the  next 
great  object  that  arreats  3''oa  is  Westminster 
Abbey.  Then,  Harrow  Hill,  Richmond, 
Thurlow  Park,  (we  are  moving  round,  re* 
member,)  and  Dulwidi  College.  Below  this, 
you  see  Noi-wood  Hill  and  Cemeter)',  then 
Dttlwich  WoolL  AVe  are  working  our  way 
into  good  field-sport  grounds.  There  is  Forest 
Hill ;  fields  ;  scnib  ;  pitches  of  furze,  lying 
dark  and  colourless,  with  here  and  there  /k 
streak  (»f  bright  light  j  and,  again,  Shooleir's 
Hill,  from  w^hich  point  we  starte«i,  thus  com- 
pleting a  circle,  comprieiug  an  extmordinary 


II 


CVftoiPltliML] 


THE  COW  WTTH  THE  lEON  TAIL. 


140 


s&umber  of  liaportant  ob]ect«,  all  sees  from  a 
^.--  -:  I  "V  :i9  yet,  we  believe,  unknown  to  our 
1  ftaint^ra. 

.....  it  haa  thia  panorTima  and  this  ffreen 

KU1,  Vj  do  wiU»  London  milk  1  Step  down 
with  TI3  to  yonder  hedce,  a  Little  below  the 
«|X»t  where  we  have  been  standing.  We 
Apprt:>ttch  the  hedge — ^we  get  over  a  gate,  and 
ve  guddeidy  find  ourselves  on  the  upi^ier  part 
of  an  eiionnous  men  sloping  pasturase, 
cov*?red  all  over  witli  cows.  The  red  cow,  the 
white  cow,  tlie  l»rowTi  cow,  the  brindled 
cow,  the  eolley  cow,  the  dappled  cow,  the 
atreaked  cow,  the  spt>tted  cow,  the  liver- 
cnd-whlte  c<.w,  the  etrawberry  cow,  the 
Mulberry  c<jw,  the  chesnut  cow,  the  grey 
B[iecklc<l  cow,  the  clouded  cow,  the  black 
tx»w, — the  ahort-honxed  cow,  the  long-horned 
cow,  the  iip-curHn^  horn,  the  down-curling 
boro,  the  atraight-homed  cow,  and  the  cow 
with  the  crumpled  horn — all  are  here — be- 
tween two  and  t Viree  hundred — iq>rea4l  aU  over 
the  broaii,  d'Avuward  sloping  pasture,  feeding, 

TuminnfmL'     ' '"ir,  UHng,  gazing  with  mild 

cai-nestnes  in  characteristic  though t- 

fiiLtiesa,  bk-  J  -i-^,  L r  wandering  hither  and 
thither*  A  soft  gleam  of  golden  sunsliine 
Hfirt^ads  over  the  poBture,  and  faliB  upon  many 
of  the  cowa  with  a  loveljr,  picturesque  effect. 

And  what  cowa  they  are,  aa  wo  apprt»ach 
and  pias  amongst  them !  Studies  for  a  Mor> 
land,  a  Gaiosborougli,  a  Conatable.  We  haii 
never  before  thought  there  were  any  such 
ooWB  out  of  their  pictures.  That  they  were 
Ki^bly  naefid,  amiable,  estimable  creatures, 
who  eontinually,  at  the  best,  appeared  to  be 
mumbling  gr&as  in  a  recuml)ent  {xieition,  and 
compodi^  a  aonnet,  we  never  doubted  ;  but 
that  they  were  ever  likelv  to  be  admired  for 
their  biMuity,  especially  when  beheld,  oa  many 
as  these  were,  irom  a  disadvaDtageous  point 
of  %'iew,  a«  to  their  position,  we  never  for  a 
mamoat  suspected.  Such,  however,  is  the  case. 
We  have  lived  to  see  beauty  in  the  form  of  a 
cow — a  natural,  modem,  milch  cow,  and  no 
deooendant  from  any  Ovidiau  metamorphosis. 

We  will  now  descend  this  broad  and  popu- 
lons  slope,  and  pay  a  visit  to  Frierii  Manor 
Dairy  Farm,  to  which  all  these  acres — some 
two  huntlred  and  fifty— belong,  together  with 
all  these  **  horned  beauties.^  We  find  them 
all  very  d*x;ile,  and  undisturbed  by  our 
presence,  though  their  looks  evidently  denote 
that  they  recotjnise  a  stranger.  But  those 
who  are  reclimn^  do  not  rise,  and  none  of 
them  decline  to  be  careesed  by  the  hand,  or 
seem  indifferent  to  the  compliments  addre^ed 
to  them.  In  passing  through  the  cowa,  we 
were  spedally  presented  to  the  cow  queen,  or 
•*  maiiter  cow,"  as  she  is  called.  This  daily  htia 
been  reoogni&ed  during  twelve  yeara  as  the 
Bovereign  ruler  over  all  the  rejit.  No  one,  how- 
ever large,  disputes  her  supremacy.  She  is 
a  short-homed,  fthort-Iegged  cow,  looking  at 
fimt  sight  iiuher  «m,ill,  t>ut  on  closer  exami- 
nation you  will  find  that  she  is  sturdily  and 
•olidly  built,  though  graceful  withal.    "  She  is 


sweet-tempered,**  observed  the  head 
keeper,  **bot  when  a  new-comer  doubts  nbout 
who  is  the  maater,  her  eye  becsomes  dreudfuL 
Don't  signify  how  big  the  otlier  cow  is — she 
must  give  in  to  the  master  cow.  It  ^s  not  her 
size,  nor  strength,  bless  you,  it 's  her  spirit. 
Aa  soon  as  the  question  is  once  settled,  aiie  *a 
aa  mild  jib  a  lamb  again.  Gives  uu  eighteen 
quarts  of  milk  a  day. 

We  wore  surj^»rised  to  hear  of  so  great  a 
quantity,  but  this  was  something  abated  by  a 
consideration  of  the  rich,  varied,  and  ubuudant 
supply  of  food  afforded  to  these  cowa,  besides 
the  air,  attendance,  and  other  favourable  cir- 
citmatanoea  For  their  food  they  have  man- 
gold-wurtzel,  both  the  long  red  and  the  orange 
globe  Borts«  parsnips,  tumipa,  and  kohl-rani 
(Jewish  cabbo^),  a  curious  kind  of  green 
turnip,  with  cabbage  leaves  sprouting  out  of 
the  top  aU  round,  like  the  feathery  arma  of 
the  Pnnce  of  Wales,  Of  this  last  mentioned 
vegetable  the  cows  often  eat  greedily;  and 
sometimes  endeavouring  to  bolt  too  large  a 
piece,  it  sticks  in  their  throats  and  thnatens 
atrangulatioD.  On  these  occaaiona,  one  of  the 
watchful  keepers  rushea  to  the  rescue  vnih  a 
tlung  called  a  prohang  (in  fact,  a  cow's  throat 
rami-od),  with  which  he  rams  down  the  ob- 
structive morsel.  But  bemdes  these  articles 
of  food,  there  ia  the  unlimited  eating  of  grass 
in  the  paatures,  so  that  the  yield  of  a  lai^ 
ouantity  of  milk  seems  only  a  matter  of  couiBej 
though  we  were  not  prepared  to  hear  of  ita 
averaging  from  twelve  to  eighteen  aiul  twenty 
quarts  oi  milk  a  day,  from  each  of  these  two 
or  three  himdred  cows.  Four-and*twenty 
quarts  a  day  is  not  an  unusual  occurrence 
Vrom  some  of  the  cows ;  and  one  of  them,  we 
were  assured  by  several  of  the  keejiers,  once 
yielded  the  enormous  quantity  of  twenty-ekdit 
quarts  a  day  during  six  or  seven  we^ks.  "nie 
poor  cow,  however,  suffered  for  thia  munifi- 
cence, for  she  was  taken  very  ill  with  a  fever, 
and  her  life  was  given  over  bv  the  doctor. 
ilr.  Wright,  the  pi-oprietor,  told  us  that  he 
sat  up  two  nights  with  her  himself,  he  had 
siich  a  respect  for  the  cow ;  and  in  the 
morning  of  the  second  ui^ht  a^^er  she  was 
giveii  over,  when  the  butcner  came  for  her, 
he  couldn^t  find  it  in  his  heart  to  let  him  have 
her.  "  No,  butcher,"  said  he,  "8he*8  been  a 
good  friend  to  me,  and  I  *11  let  her  die  a  quiet, 
natural  death."  She  hung  her  bead,  and  her 
horns  felt  very  cold,  and  so  she  lay  for  some 
time  longer;  but  he  nui*sed  her,  and  was 
rewarded!  for  she  recovereii  ;  and  there  she 
stands — the  strawberry  L>urham  short-hom 
— and  yields  him  again  from  sixteen  to 
eighteen  quarts  of  mnk  a  tlay. 

Reverting  to  the  "master  cow"  we  en- 
quired whetlier  her  supremacy  in  the  case  of 
new  comers  was  establishetl  **  nie»mericjUly  '* 
by  a  ghuiee— or  how  1  The  eye  we  were  as- 
aure*i  liail  a  great  deal  to  do  with  it.  Tlie 
stranger  cow  rend  it,  and  trembled*  But 
sometimes  there  was  a  contest ;  juid  a  cow-ligbCy 
with  such  fresh  strong  creatures  as  these,-^ 


160 


HOUSEHOLD  WOEBS. 


(CwtdMUQ  \>J 


aU  used  to  tbeir  full  liberty,  nnd  able  ta  roD 
or  l<  ' '    'ne  a  serious  A^ir.  If  no  keeper 

Wa  I  sepanUe  tliem,  aiicl  the  tight 

got  ^.  .>......,     .  that  one  of  them  fell  wuii«fkd, 

it  wm  A  cLanct?  but  the  whole  herd  would 
«urrr»unvl  the  fiiileii  cow,  and  kill  Ik  r  Tliia 
wna  uot  out  of  wickcdneiss,  hut  H' :  H 

the  whole  affair  that  put  them  K 
s^lvee^  and  they  couldirt  hear  the  li 
aiid  so  tried  t^  pet  rid   of  their 
wellnath        '  '  i  vio- 

lifisice,     '1  td  did 

not  witTte*M  iiiH  nu'iu,  !>u'  i«'uiv  tO  the 

discovery  of  blood  that  ];  jilt.     They 

would  stare  nt  it    -^'"l  "I'l  snutT 

down  at  it,  aii 
it — and  pi?t  m« 

tho  whole  herd  would  L>egiu  to  niahaliout  tiie 
1at;ld  Ijell owing  nnd  mad,  and  make  nothing  at 
laat  of  leaping  clean  over  hedges,  fencea,  and 
ftve-lirirreii  i^iiiGS.  But  strange  to  Bay — if  the 
blood  they  found  had  not  been  spilt  by  vio- 
lence, but  only  from  some  caus«  which  the 

•liter  or  I  by  the  doctor 

^-Jthen  tiL.  i,..   .  ,.  nicuiTed.    They 

took  no  notice  of  ii 

We  found  that  i  auty,  cows  pos- 

Mised  some  imagination,  and  were  moreover 
very  suaceptible.  The  above  excitement  and 
mad  ftanic  soinetiniea  occurs  from  other 
cansMi,  Once  some  boys  brought  a  great  kite 
into  tlie  field,  with  a  jmiitoniiine  face  piunted 
upon  it ;  ami  diivctlv  this  began  to  riae  over 
the  iidd.       '  ''  '1  up  at  it,  ami 

iaw  tln*i  tlie  fiice  looking 

down  at  1-.... — i.*.mi  -h  :  *_>h  !  what  a  bel- 
lowing ? — hnd  away  they  rushed  over  each 
other,  cjnite  firantiCr  On  another  occaaion 
eome  experimental  gentlemen  of  ecience 
brought  a  fire  balloon  near  the  x>wturage  one 
night  after  dark.  It  roae.  Up  started  idl  the 
CowB  in  a  panic,  arid  round  and  round  they 
rushed,  till  finally  the  wliole  herd  made  a 
charge  at  one  of  the  hiffh  fences — tore  down 
nod  overleaped  everytliin>r — burst  into  the 
lanes,  and  ma^le  their  way  into  the  high  road, 
and  seemed  to  intend  ti»  leave  their  owners 
for  some  otlicr  state  of  existence  where  tii'e- 
ballo«'>n»  and  horrid  men  of  science  were  alike 
unknown. 

Instead  of  proceeding  directly  down  the 
aloping  fields  towards  the  Dairy  Farm,  we 
made  a  detour  of  about  half  a  mile,  and  passed 
through  a  field  well  enclosed,  in  which  were 
about  a  dozen  cows,  attended  by  one  man,  who 
gat  beneath  a  ti*ee.  This  was  the  Quarantine 
ground.  All  newly  purchaaed  cows,  however 
healthy  they  may  appear,  are  fii-st  placed  in 
thk  field  during  four  or  five  weeks,  and  the 
man  who  niilka  or  attends  npon  them  is  not 
pennittwl  to  touch,  nor  indeetl  to  come  ncm*, 
any  of  the  cows  in  the  great  paature.  Such  is 
the  susceptibility  of  a  cow  to  the  least  conta- 
mination, that  if  one  who  Lad  any  slight 
diaeose  wer«  admitted  nraong  the  lierd,  in  a 
▼ery  thort  time  the  whole  of  them  would  be 


affected.  When  the  proorietur  haA  been  14> 
p\n*cha«e  fredi  stock,  and  It-  -  .  i-  .miontr 
^tranj^e  cowsi,  t\sp«*ci:dly  ut  "  he  tn- 

variably  changes  all  hia  cloU,.  .>,.  .  generally 
taken  a  bath  odbre  he  ventures  among  bis 
own  herd. 

From  what  has   already   been  seen,   the> 
rt>f»*1er  will  not  be  iistoniflhcd  on  hia  arrival 
at  the  Dairy  Fru-ni,  to  find  e%*ery  ar- 
ut  in  accordance  with  the  tino  coiny- 
tH  n  or  the  cows,  and  the  er]\    ^  Jlothtf- 

cows)  circum^tancca  in  whi  ,    Tilt 

cow-ahedri  aits  divided  into  Imv 
and  the  appearance  presented  j 
riftli^.  Ti*^atucas  and  order  of  cava. ;,  ^i,i._M 
til  ia  marked  with  a  MumV>er ;  a  oo^ 
ling  number  is  marked  on  one  horn  o! 
the  Cow  to  whom  it  belongs  ;  ami  in  winter 
lime,  or  any  inclement  season  (for  they  all 
sleep  out  in  fine  weather)  each  cow  delibe- 
rately finds  out,  and  walks  into  her  own  stall* 
No.  173  once  got  into  the  stall  of  No.  15  ;  but 
in  a  few  minutes  No.  16  arriTiai,  and  "  showed 
her  the  differenoe."  In  winter,  when  the 
cows  are  ketJt  very  much  innloors,  they  are 
all  regularly  groomed  with  nir.  vv..Lnd>$, 
By  the  side  of  one  of  these  sh-  a 

cotta^  where  the  keepers  live^i  ad 

attendanta — each  with  little  iron  bedateada, 
all  in  orderly  soldier  fashion,  the  foreman's 
wife  acting  as  the  hotwekeepcr. 

These  men  lead  a  comfortable  lifiy,  bat  they 
work  ha^l  The  first  "milking"  begins  at 
eleven  o'clock  at  night ;  and  the  second  at 
hMi!^       "  in  the  morning.    It  takf>     ' 

tiiii  I  cow  insists  upon  V»eing  > 

in  h.  ■  .  „,v  ,  1^—  -  'I  pful  to  herscli.  ,.  <.- 
taining  no  u  -  ther  cow — or,  if  she 

sees  it,  she  ia  \  _:  1  l  ly  to  kick  it  i  ',  .r.  5^iO 
will  not  allow  of  any  mixture.    ]  r  i> 

would  seem  a  strange  instinct,  ae<  h 

her  extreme  snsceptibiltty  to  contaiiiiniiti...u. 

The  milk  is  all  passed  thnvugh  several 
strainers,  and  then  placed  in  great  tin  cans, 
barred  across  the  top,  and  seale^L  Tliey  arc 
deposited  in  a  v-  '  '  '  '  ""  'ho 
Tarm  nboitt  three  a 

at  the  Dairy  in  F.^ii...^ ^.i^c    .v   vw^n 

three  and  four.  The  seals  are  then  carefully 
examined,  and  taken  off  by  a  clerk.  In  come 
the  carriers,  commonly  called  **  milkmen,'*  all 
wearing  the  badge  of  Friem  Farm  Dairy  ; 
their  tin  pails  are  filled,  fastened  at  top,  and 
sealed  as  before,  and  away  they  go  on  their 
early  rounds,  to  be  in  time  for  the  early 
breakfast-people,  The  late-breakfasts  ar» 
provided  by  a  second  set  of  men. 

Such  are  the  (acta  we  have  nacertained 
with  regard  to  one  of  the  largest^  of  the 
great  Dairy  FnrmB  near  London ;  so  that 
from  this,  and  other  hrraA  similarly  con- 
ducted, it  is  quite  clear  that  by  takmg  « 
little  pains  to  ascertain  whei-c,  a  Ixmdonei' 
wkiy,  it  he  chooses,  obtain  pnre,  rich,  milk  "  ua 
it  comes  from  the  cow,"  Tliat  the  previous 
accounts  we  have  gi\'en  of  the  adultemtiooa 
of  Loudon  milk  are  equally  trut?,  we  ar^  to  A 


A  LUNATIC  ASTLUM  IN  PALERMO. 


151 


rh 


■,J 


^  that  s 
•ier  on 

hali  tlie  cliiidieii  i 

.'Utvl.   That  the  a(lu 

At,  ajid  aconimon  Dntctke  uc 

a  while  we  iua  concluding  this 

ihc  Hjysterioufl  doctor's  **  milk- 

wJiichAIr.  Tiui  Slivers  taunted 

has  been  ^ -^  *  to  us.     As 

the  ihii  ina  out  to 

idi  i^  hiii  —  ^  ^auuj^  and 

mly  to  coloiii"   chee«*r.     JBut  itt 

it  givea,  with  few  excejrtioas,  to  the 

kirynmi].  b«ro  Iji  the  simple  I'eeipe, 

>ia  the  best  authority ; — Wrap  tli^ 

np  in  a  piece  of  ikoiud :   then  take  a 

,  of  wiiUr  fot  every  two  quajfta  of  milk, 

<!  lie  hall  141  the  w»ter,  whirl  it 

d  (aa  YOU  would  use  a  blue- 

iiiiLU  liic  wwter  occomea  the  coloui*  of, 

lilo  ;  then  pour  it  into  the  milk,  and  stir 

1^  wh-.l^'  t^nrt'thr-f  until  tlir'  II I  ilk -?md' water 

canay  con- 

shft4:ii  ,  iie  Hippo- 

ttiiiuuck  the  deception  in  a  very 

dU-yi^  L.J  unicated  ni^  discovery  to 

Soii  Caun&na,  in  hh  peculiar  way. 
it«d  on  double  Ids  fonner  qu:aility  of 
K,te  WT  it.    So 
ry,  ivnd    with 
li.  .    ;  1 1  I   .  1 ;  \ ,  i^[/<)KL:  lii ilj>s  ;  **  I  thinkj  Sir, 
ii  1m  n   r  keep  our  own  cow.     The  milk 
it  wiihiii,  we  know: — but  the  outaide 
w«  don't  know," 


LtTNATIC  ASYLUM  IN  PALEBMO. 

Ti  uKi'dfi  of  treating  the  inaaney 

rhii  i  that  the  keepers  of  old  were  at  i 

[rii!-!ir<,    has,  happily,  been, 
I.  ;    :   i     I.I   i'lud  oommeoc^d  the^ 
syawm   in  hruucOf  and  it  hiti  been 
with  the  best  effeots^  not  only  in 
Britain,  but  throughout  Europe. 
rao«ut  im^irovomeoU  La  the  treatment 
'ii  'lim  e-i^ui^try^  hare  been  widely 
1  many  ways  by  the 
in  account  ha»  a]>- 
i  a  ball  at  St*  Liidcc'^a 
>f  se%-vrity  and  re- 
M  joined.    Kot 
I  l.y  tbe  English 

fii  iMN  esc6U«nt  cau«« 

M*  We  are,  therefore, 

_iv^  .»  I. rtii^i.mwu  of  MX  intereating 
of  ft  viait  to  the  C<xsa  dd  Matti^  in 


Sevatml  t^^^u^  ai;o  Count  Piaani,  a  Sicilian 
>U«$jzian.  a  tour  tJ\;  rope, 

:Ud  I.  n  to  the  ftbe 

]»rin- 
1  by 

at  to 
i^tab- 


*i'«'Tiing,  to   convert  his  beaiT*'''"!  ^'''-^  ^^'vt 

rifio  into  a  Lunatic  A*^v 

1   the  name  of  the  Ca,*a  id 

ing  to  a  more  humble  plaott  of  abode, 

.d  hU  fortune  and  ener^ea  to  the 

piupusiij  of  carrying  oat   hia    pmhmthixjjiic 

echeuie, 

Count  Fiaam  hunaelf  ofibred  to  conduct  me 
over  the  e^tabliihmeut.  After  a  short  walk 
we  arrived  in  front  of  a  apacioua  manaioni  the 
ext4iritir  iispcct  of  which  presented  nothing 
differing  from  that  of  a  handaome  r»  ^^  'f-^  »-»- 
sidence.  The  windows,  it  18  true,  \\  '  ; 

but  the  gratings  were  ao  ingetit 
trived  that  had  not  my  attention  t>©erj  j>fir- 
ticalAiiy  *llrocted  to  them,  I  should  not  have 
duicoverud  their  fexi&tenoe.  Some  represented 
vine  leavtifl,  tendi-ile,  or  bunches  ol  grapes ; 
others  weie  faahioned  Uke  the  long  learefl 
and  blue  flowers  of  the  convolvulus.  Foliage, 
fruit,  and  flowers  were  all  painted  in  natural 
colours,  and  it  was  only  from  a  very  near 
point  of  view  that  the  artiSce  could  be  de- 
tected. 

The  gate  was  opened  by  a  man,  who,  in- 
stead of  carrying  a  huge  stick  or  a  bunch  of 
keys,  (the  umum  insignia  of  the  porter  of  a 
mad  house,)  hod  a  &ne  nosegay  stuck  in  the 
breast  of  his  ooat,  and  iji  one  hand  he  held  a 
flute,  on  which  he  had  apparently  been  playing 
when  interrupted  by  our  summons  at  the  gate. 

We  entered  the   building,  and  were  prO' 
ceeding  along  the  corridor  on  the  ground-floor, 
when  we  met  a  man  whom  I  took  to  i-*^  ^ 
servant  or  messenger  of  the  establishm 
he  was  1  MiTving  some  bundles  of  firv 
On  ;  us,  be  laid  down  his  burden, 

and  r^  to  Count  Hsani,  reBj)ectfully 

kissed  kiii  hioid.  The  Count  enquired  why  ho 
was  not  in  the  garden  enjoying  the  fre^h  air 
and  amusing  himself  with  his  companions. 
"  Because,"  replied  the  man,  ''  wintei*  is  finst 
coming,  and  I  have  no  time  to  lose.  I  shall 
have  enough  to  do  to  bripj  down  aU  the  wood 
from  the  loft,  and  stow  it  away  in  the  cellar.'* 
The  Count  commended  hiu  forethought,  aad 
the  miui,  taking  up  his  fjgoti^  bowed,  aud 
went  Ida  way. 

This  man,  the  Count  informed  me,  waa  ih« 
owner  of  large  estates  in  Castelveleiimo  ;  bat 
owing  to  a  natural  inactivity  of  mind,  and 
the  ab€«uce  of  any  exciting  or  useful  occu- 
pation, he  sank  into  a  state  of  mental  tor- 
jior,  which  terminated  in  insanity.  When  he 
was  brought  to  the  Castt  dei  MaUi,  Qoimt 
Pisani  drew  hiju  ajrtide,  under  ^1' '  »"' ^Mice  of 
having  a  must  imiK^rtant  c-  ;..>n  to 

make  to  him.    The  Count  iuJ  i  that 

he  had  l>eeu  clianged  at  nurse,  thai  he  was 
not  the  rightful  owner  of  the  weulth  li*^  ha«l 
heretofore  enjoyed  ;  and  that  the 
become  known,  he  was  dispossi 
wealth,  and  must  therefore  work  f 
tenanoe.    The  madman  believed  ti  ^ 

showed  no  dis|.>ueition  to  rouse  him-^tu  i/>:'ai 
tha  state  of  bdolenc©  which  had  been  th» 
primary  cause  of  hia  mentid  aberratioiL    om 


all  ijswi  to  their  full  liberty,  and  able  to  nm 
or  leap  well,  was  a  R*'riou8  affiiir.  If  no  keeper 
was  at  hand  to  sei«irAte  H--'"     '^,,1  tli-  ♦^,r>,t 

raerions,  ao  that  one  <  ! 
was  A  ckaiice  )*tit  th*-  i 

surrotind  the  fallen  cow,  ainl  kiU  her.  Tiiis 
was  not  out  of  wicko«Lnes»^  but  something  in 
the  whole  affair  that  put  thorn  beside  them- 
selvefii,  aiid  they  couhln't  beAitb**  h«»rri<i  si^ht, 
niid  so  tried  to  get  rid  of  lli 
well  as  the  unfortuuatc  olijeet, 
knee.  The  etTect  was  th e  aatiie  j  j  1 1 1 1-  1 1  ■  i  •  i  u  i - 1 
Hot  witness  the  hjrht,  but  came  Buddenly  to  the 
diacovery  of  blood  that  had  been  spilt.  They 
would  Htnre  at  it,  aiid  g-lnrs  nt  it,  and  snuff 
down  At  it,  and  snjff  tip  ut  it,mjd  prcwl  round 
it'^-and  get  more  and  more  excited,  till  ut  hwt 
(he  whole  herd  would  b^gin  to  rush  alH>ut  the 
field  bellowing  and  mad,  and  make  nothing  at 
hmt  of  leaping  clean  over  hedges,  fences,  and 
five-barred  gutes.  But  atrauge  to  say — if  the 
blood  they  found  had  not  l^en  split  by  vio- 
lence, but  only  from  some  cause  which  the 
"  homed  beauties "  understoo<l,  such  as  a 
Bister  or  aunt  having  been  bled  by  the  doctor 
*-then  no  effect  of  the  sort  occurred.  They 
took  no  notice  of  it. 

We  found  that  bearides  beauty,  cows  pos- 
sessed some  imagination,  and  were  moreover 
very  ausiceptible.  The  above  excitement  and 
Iliad  panic  soraetimes  occuta  finom  f>ther 
caoaea.  Once  some  hoys  brought  n 
into  the^d,  with  a  pantomime  fa^ 
Upon  it ;  and  directly  thia  Ijegnn  to  n^i 
the  field,  and  the  co'w^  looked  up  at  it. 
taw  the  great  glass  eyes  of  the  fiK*e  ltx>.MM- 
down  at  them — than  Oh  !  Oh  !  what  a  bel- 
lowing ! — and  awny  they  mshed  over  each 
o^er,  qtdte  frantic.  On  another  occasion 
Botne  experimental  gentlemen  of  science 
brought  a  fire  bsdloon  near  the  pasturage  one 
night  after  dark.  It  rose.  Up  started  all  the 
<Jow8  in  a  panic,  and  round  and  refund  tlaey 
rushedj  till  finally  the  whole  herd  made  a 
charge  at  one  of  the  high  fences — tore  tlown 
and  overleaped  everj'thing — ^burst  into  the 
Unes,  and  mft<le  their  way  into  the  high  roatl, 
and  seemed  to  intend  to  lea,ve  their  OMTiers 
fbr  some  other  state  of  existence  where  fire- 
balloons  and  horrid  men  of  science  were  alike 
unknown. 

Instead  of  proceeding  directly  down  the 
■loping  fields  towards  the  Dairy  Farm,  we 
made  a  dotour  of  alwut  half  a  mile,  and  [lassed 
through  a  tield  well  enclosed,  in  which  were 
about  a  dozen  cows,  uttended  by  one  man,  who 
mt  beneath  a  tree.  Thlis  was  the  Quarantine 
ground.  Ait  t^^-..  i^'  purchased  cows,  however 
healthy  til  -psar,  are  fii-st  pboed  in 

this  fi«>ld  >;  ^  r  or  five  weeks,  .^nd  the 

man  who  miika  or  attends  upon  them  is  not  | 
permittetl  to  touch,  nor  indeed  to  come  near, 
any  of  the  cows  in  the  great  pasture.  Such  is 
the  auisceptibility  of  a  cow  to  the  least  conta* 
miniition,  that  if  one  who  had  any  slight 
disease  were  admitted  among  the  henl,  iti  a 
twy  thort  time  the  whole  of  them  woidd  be 


,1! 


ml 


affect€<i    When  t!ye  pr 
purchase  fii-csh   stock, 
stnuige  f'jwv    ,-- 
variably 
takee  a  i 
own  licril. 

Prom  what  has  alreaify  been  sccu. 
reader  will  not  be  a«tomsUe<l  on  Kb  aij 
with  us  at  the  Dairr  JWm,  to  -find 


cow-flheds  are  divided  into  fifty  st 
and  the  appearance  presented"  re 
of  the  neatness  and  order  of  cav; 
Each  stall  is  marked  with  a  num 
responding  number  is  marked  on  one 
the  cow  to  whom  it  belongs  ;  and  fn 
time,  or  any  inclement  seaaon  •:' 
sleep  out  in  fine  weather)  eacji 
rately  finds  out,  and  walks  into 
No.  173  once  got  into  the  stall 
in  a  few  minutes  No.  15  arrived, 
her  the  difference."     In   winterj 
cows  are  kept  very  much  in-doonra, 
alt     regularly     groomed    with 
By  the  side  of  one  of  these  shells 
cotta^  where  the  keepers  live — ^m 
attendants — each  with  little  ii*on 
all  in  orderly  soldier  feshion,  the 
wife  acting  as  the  hou8ekee|>er. 

These  men  lead  a  comfort.t^ 
work  hard.    The  first  *'mil 
'  Ten  o'clock  at  night;  sma  iiie 

!-past  one  in  the  morning.    It  tnJcci 
liiue,  for  each  cow  insists  tipon 
in  her  ofwn  pail^ — »,«.  a  paU  to  he: 
tmning  no  milk  of  any  other  oow 
sees  it,  she  is  very  Ukely  to  kick  it 
will  not  allow  of  any  mixture.     In 
woulil  seem  a  strange  instinct,  acco; 
her  extreme  susceptibility  to  oon 

The  milk  is  all  pwased  throi 
strainers,  and  then  placed  in 
barred  across  the  top,  and  st 
deposited   in  a  van,  which 
Farm  aboxit  three  in  the  mor; 
at  the  Dairy  in  Farringdon  t^fl1 

three  and  four.  The  seals  arc  .^.-.^j,  ...^-^i 
exumineil,  and  taken  off  by  a  clerks  In  od 
the  carriers,  commonly  called  "  milkmen," 
wearing  the  badge  of  Friem  Farm  I>aii 
their  tin  pails  are  filled,  fastened  at  topTi 
sealed  as  tiefore,  and  away  they  go  on  t] 
early  rounds,  to  be  in  time  for  the  ( 
breakfiat-people.  The  late-breakfeats 
provided  by  a  second  set  of  men. 

Sucsh  are  the   facts  we  have    aacerblis 
with   regard  to  one  of  the  largest,   oi 
great   Bair^'   Farma  near   London  :    «-   ») 
iTom   this,  and  other    farms  sini 
ducted,  it  is  quite  clear  tliat   hy        „., 
little  jjains  to  aacertmn  where,   a  Loaded 
m/iy,  it  he  chooses,  obtain  pui-e,  rich,  milk  * 
it  comes  from  the  cow."    Tlmt  tht  previa 
accounts  we  have  given  of  the  adultemti< 
of  London  milk  are  equally  true,  w©  art^  tl 


A  LUNATIC  ASYLUM  IN  PALERMO. 


m 


mtt  exteuty  convluced,  though  we  inuBt,  ux 
mknwSf  adrl  that  st>me  of  the  statements  of 
JIj.  I;  r  on  exaggeration — ^for  if  not, 

we  u  tolf  Uie  ohiidreD  In  LondoD 

tBcaj^c  l>tiin^  poiaotied.  That  the  adulteration^ 
tkSfwrtvtTf  Mre  gret^  and  a  commoo  practice  wc 
knoir  ;  and  even  •'  ^  —  -  .  i„  i: —  ♦t.u 
Article  <me  oft! 


balls**  with 
poor  Mr.  ^ 
to  the  "  ID} 

used 

f' 
1. 

dtrivvil  li 
hall  up  ill 

•yi:-"'      '^  - 


ling  this 

i  "tuilk- 

1  taunted 

'  uti.    As 

riii!;  out  to 

i'l'  i:    '  •    liuuujg-ti,  and 

•,     ■  c^'^i-.      lint    as 

'lid,  to  the 

0  rccine, 

:— Wrap  the 

then   trike  a 

'■i\  kVTLi  4U&rt«  of  nidk,  ■ 

1  in  tho  water,  whirl  it 

u -...i  ......  .,w  youwoald  uae  a  hW-^ 

ontii  thifi  water  Deoome8  the  colon 
^._.  Ale  ;  lb«ii  nour  it  into  the  niilk,  &ud 
the  whole  togetner  until  the  milk-and-wnter 
the  rich,  sofL,  yellowish,  creiuny  con- 
ly  required.  Our  fat  fiiend,  the  Hippo* 
laoUaaxm,  iound  out  the  deception  in  a  v&rj 
Few  <layt^  and  coxmuunicated  Lis  disi^overy  to 
Hamct  Safi  Caunann,  in  his  peculiar  way. 
He  jn&isted  on  double  his  former  quantity  of 
milk,  yet  manifftBted  a  dUtaete  for  It.  So 
JSamet  went  u->  the  Secretary,  and  with 
'   dntd  siij  oke  thus :  "  I  think,  Sir, 

had  bet  nu"  own  cow.    The  milk 

we  g«t  witiiin^  we  know :— rbut  the  cmtalde 
milk,  we  don'i  know.** 


LUNATIC  ASYLUM  IN  PALERMO. 

Tbk  ancifint  mode  of  treating  the  insane, 
which  showed  that  the  keepers  of  old  were  as 
mad  as  their  patientB,  has,  Imppily,  been 
ciire<}.  £gquIrol  and  Pine)  oommeoced  the 
hiunane  eystem  in  France,  ami  it  has  been ' 
folI.jw<jl  \\\\]i  rill'  Iw^rtt,  i^ffVt^fc;.  Tint  only  in 
<--  l^e.     '         I 

[  re&tment 
in  iii\s  coimtry,  have  haesx  widely 
1  J  the  public  in  many  ways  by  the 

press  i  rmd  only  kUfcly  an  account  haa  ap- 
peared in  the  newspaper  of  a  ball  at  St.  Lukre 
^'  T        ^-  a  stronghold  nf  "  v  and  re- 

f^  which  the  pa'  :&L    Not 

b  lowever,  is  knuv^^^  u>   lu^  English 

I  ue  progress  of  this  ekoelleni  cause 

li  ith  of  Europe*    We  iu^  therefore, 

giad  to  give  a  translntion  of  an  Interesting 
account  of  a  visit  to  the  Casa  ^i  M<Ut^  in 
dicUy. 

Sevwal  years  ago  Count  Pisani,  a  Sicilian 
BOblemacL  whilst  on  a  tour  through  Eiuope, 
directed  his  attention  to  the  ci  '  *  fthe 
nceptacles  for  lunatics  in  soi:  urin- 

ei|.'.T  -...,.t;.,,...»;^i  cities.  Deeply  iiA4.iw>t:d  by 
t  '■  iuid  often  cruel  treatment  to 

>v  Lapp^  in  mutes  of  those  estab- 

liahmenis  were  subject,  he  detcrmiiied  ou  le- 


tuxning,  to   convert  his  beautiful  villa  near 
Pnkrnio  into  a  Lunatic  A'vlnni,   ^Ahich  ro- 
'  uaiue  of  the  '  1 

11^  to  a  more  h. 
lie  (Icvutcd  his  fortune  aiid  tiit-r^^ita  to  i1j»3 
purpose  of  c&rtying  out    his    philauthi'opic 
Bcheme. 

Count  Pisani  himself  ofiereti  to  oonduot  me 
over  the  estabLishmtJit.  Al\«r  a  afi'—'^  ^r^-ik 
we  arrived  in  front  of  a  spacious  m 

ext4*rior  iispect   of  which  presenU':      ^ 

ditfering  from  that  of  a  handsome  private  re- 
jiideuce.  The  windows,  it  is  true,  were  ^rat^ ; 
but   the  grating  wei'e  so   ingeniously  con- 
trived that  lia^i  not  my  attention  been  par- 
'     >  them,  I  should  not  have 
tence.    Some  represented 
vuic  ita^cjh-f  ii^iujz d«,  or  bunches  ot  grapes; 
others  were  fashioned  like  tho  lon£  leaves 
-.r^A  }>lue  flowers  of  the  oonvolindus.    Toliag& 
,  and  flowers  were  aU  painted  in  natural 
Ill's,  and  it  was  only  &om  a  verr  near 
point  of  view  that  the  artifice  could  oe  de- 
tectdd. 

The  gate  was  opened  by  a  man,  who,  in- 
stead  of  carrying  a  huge  stick  or  a  bunch  of 
keya^  (the  usual  iosiirnia  of  the  porter  of  a 
mad  house,)  bad  a  fine  nosegay  stuck  in  the 
hreast  of  hia  coat,  and  in  one  liand  he  held  a 
fiute,  on  which  he  had  apparently  been  playing 
when  interrupted  by  our  summons  a»  '*  -  '''»'^. 

We  entered  thti   building,  and 
ceeding  along  the  corridor  on  the  gir  <  ; 

when  we  met  a  man  whom  I  took  to  be  a 
servant  or  measeoger  of  the  establishment,  as 
he  was  carrying  some  bundles  of  firtj-woo^l 
On  peroei^-ing  ua,  he  laid  down  his  biirrkn, 
iUdd  advancing  to  Count  Pisani,  ri 
kissed  his  hand.  The  Count  enquii 
was  not  in  the  garden  enjoying  the  hcsei  air 
and  amusing  himseU'  with  his  companions. 
'^  Because/*  i-epLied  the  man,  ''  winter  is  fast 
coming,  and  1  have  no  time  to  lose.  I  shall 
have  enough  to  do  to  brio  j  down  all  the  wood 
from  the  loft,  and  stow  it  away  in  the  cvllar.'* 
The  Count  commended  his  forethought^  and 
the  man,  taking  up  his  0lgots,  bowed,  and 
went  Ids  way. 

This  man,  the  Count  informed  me^  was  tha 
owner  of  lat>ge  estates  in  Castelveleruno  ;  but 
owing  to  a  natural  inactivity  of  mind,  and 
the  absence  of  any  exciting  or  useful  occu- 
pation, he  sank  into  a  stat«  of  muutal  toi> 
por,  winch  terminated  in  insanity.  When  he 
was  brought  to  the  (Jam  ddi  MatCi,  Count 
Pisani  drew  him  aside,  under  the  pretence  of 
having  a  most  important  cominmucation  to 
make  to  him.  The  Count  inturmed  htm  that 
he  had  been  changed  at  mirse,  that  he  was 
not  the  rightful  owner  of  the  wealth  he  had 
heretofore  enjoyed  ;  and  that  the  fact  having 
bi'uome  known,  he  was  dispossessed  of  bis 
wealth,  and  must  therefore  work  for  his  main- 
tenance. Tlie  madman  believed  Jbe  tald,  but 
showed  no  di&^^Knsition  to  rouse  himaelf  £kam 
the  state  of  indolence  which  had  been  tlui 
primary  cause  of  his  meiitaJ  aberration.    Ha 


162 


HOUSEHOLD  Wom>S. 


(Contlu^iBilf 


fold«K|  his  iirm%  and  sjkt  dowD,  doubtless 
exjx'ctlug  that  in  duo  time  a  servant  would 
enter  m  ubtiaI  to  inform  liim  that  dinner  was 
ready.     But  in  tliia  he  whb  deceived. 

Dinner  hour  ai'rived,  and  no  servant  tt|>* 
peared.  He  waited  pati<?ntly  for  »om©  linif  ; 
mi  at  len^ftli  the  [»aug3  of  hunger  rt»ui*ed 
him  from  his  liatlessDefls,  and  he  began  to  call 
out  loudly  for  eoraething  to  eat.  No  one 
answered  him ;  and  he  ptiased  the  whole 
night  in  knocking  on  the  walla  of  hh.  npai-t- 
raeuti^  and  ordering  his  servants  to  bring  him 
hia  dinner. 

About  nine  o'clock  next  moraing,  one  of 
the  keef>era  entei'etl  the  apartment  of  the 
new  patient,  who^  etnrting  up  with  more 
energy  than  he  usually  mauifefited,  imperl- 
ouBly  ordere<i  his  breakfast  to  be  prepired, 
Tlie  keeper  offered  to  go  into  the  to¥iTi  to 
pureltase  isomethinc  for  his  breakfast,  if  he 
would  give  him  the  money  to  pay  for  it. 
Th©  hungry  man  eagerly  thrust  his  hands 
into  htB  pocket,  and  to  hia  dismay,  having 
diacovoruU  that  he  had  no  uu^ney,  ho  implored 
the  keeper  to  go  and  procure  him  some  break- 
fast  on  credit. 

"  Creilit  V  exclaime<l  the  keeper,  who  had 
received  the  renuisite  instructions  from  Count 
Piflani,  **  Credit,  indeed  !  No  doubt  you 
might  easily  have  obtained  credit  to  any 
amount,  when  you  wore  living  at  CaKtelve- 
lenino,  and  even'one  believed  you  to  l>e  th© 
rightfiil  lord  of  tho94*  fine  domains.  But  now 
that  the  truth  has  come  out,  who  do  you 
think  will  give  credit  to  a  pauper  T* 

The  luuKtic  immediately  recolleeted  what 
Count  Ptfiani  had  told  him  respecting  hia 
altered  position  in  life,  and  the  neceaaity  of 
working  for  his  daily  brea<l.  He  remained 
for  a  few  moments  as  if  absorbeil  in  prt>found 
reflection  ;  then,  turning  to  the  keeper,  he 
aaked  whether  he  would  jioint  out  to  bim 
some  mode  by  which  he  eould  earn  a  little 
money  to  sstva  hiniaelf  from  atar^'ation. 

The  keeper  replied  that  if  he  would  help 
him  to  caiTv  up  ^o  the  loft  the  fagota  of  fire- 
wood which  were  in  the  cellar,  he  would 
willingly  pay  him  for  his  work-  The  pm- 
posal  Wiia  readily  accepted ;  and  after  carrying 
up  twelve  loads  of  wof>d,the  labourer  received 
hia  hire,  couKisting  of  a  little  money  juBt 
Buflicieut  to  purcliase  a  loaf  of  bread,  which 
he  deroureti  with  a  keener  apj>etite  than  he 
ever  remontbeied  to  have  felt  thix)Ughout  tlie 
whole  i)reviuua  course  of  hia  life. 

He  then  set  to  work  to  earn  his  dinner  as 
he  had  earned  hia  breakfast ;  but  instead  of 
twelve,  he  carried  up  thirty-mx  loads  of 
wood.  For  tins  he  was  paid  three  times  as 
much  aa  he  )md  received  in  the  morning,  and 
hia  dinner  wms  proportionably  better  and 
more  abunduiit  than  his  breakfnst, 

Theuceforvv;ml  the  busine&s  proceeded  witli 
the  moat  uudevLiting  i-egularitv ;  and  the 
pAtient  at  hist  conceived  such  a  liking  for  hia 
occupation,  that  when  all  the  wotxi  had  been 
cwried  from  the  ceUar  to  the  loft,  be  began 


of  his  own  voluntary  accord  to  carry  it  down 
from  the  loft  to  the  cellar,  and  vice  rersd. 

WTien  1  aaw  this  lunatic,  he  htid  been  em- 
ployed in  this  manner  for  about  a  year.  Th0 
morbid  character  of  hiit  madness  had  com- 
pletely di«apj>eared,  and  hia  b<^Mrily  healthy 
pre%HoUslv  1mw1,  whb  now  re-e8tablished.  Count 
Pif*ani  infonneil  me  that  he  intendetl  soon  to 
try  the  expenment  of  telling  him  that  there 
w^a«  some  rciwton  to  dcnd>t  the  acrnracy  of 
the  statements  which  bml  caused  him  to  lose 
the  property  he  once  enjoyed  ;  and  that  he 
(the  Count)  was  in  quest'  of  certain  juipops 
which  might,  fterhaps,  prove  after  all,  that  he 
was  no  changeling:,  nut  the  rightful  heii'to  the 
estates  of  which  he  had  been  depri\*ed. 
**  But,"  added  the  Count,  when  he  told  me 
this,  "  however  complete  tluB  man's  recover}' 
may  at  anj'  time  seem  to  be,  I  will  not  allow 
him  to  quit  this  place  unless  he  gives  me  a 
solemn  promiMe  that  he  will  everyday,  where* 
soever  he  may  be,  carry  twelve  loads  of  wood 
from  t!ie  cellar  to  the  garret,  and  twelve  Io»da 
down  from  the  garwl  to  the  cellar.  On  that 
condition  alone,  ahull  I  feel  any  security 
against  the  riflk  of  hia  reUpse.  '  Want  of 
occupation  is  well  known  to  be  one  of  the 
mast  fi-equent  causes  of  insanity,^* 

Each  patient  had  a  separate  apartment^ 
and  several  of  these  Itttle  rooms  were 
furnished  and  decorated  in  the  most  cMiri* 
cious  style,  according  to  the  claims  of  their 
occupants.  One,  who  beUcved  himself  to 
be  the  mn  of  the  Emperor  of  Cliina, 
had  liLs  walla  huug  with  silk  bannerH,  on 
which  were  painteu  dragons  and  peqientau 
whihit  all  sorts  of  omome&ta  cut  out  in  gola 
paper,  lay  scattered  about  the  r<jora.  Tiiia 
lunatic  was  ^;ood>temp«red  and  cheei-ful,  and 
Count  Pisani  had  devised  a  scheme  which  he 
hopcil  niight  have  some  effect  in  mitigating 
the  deluaiona  under  which  he  laboured.  He 
propoMd  to  print  a  copy  of  a  newspaper, 
And  to  Insert  in  it  a  paragraph  announcing 
that  the  Emneror  of  Cliina  had  been  de- 
throned, and  nad  renounced  the  sovereignty 
on  the  part  of  hia  son  and  hii*  descend.int9. 
Another  patient,  whose  hallucination  con- 
sisted in  believing  himself  to  be  dead,  had  hia 
room  hung  with  obck  crape*  and  his  bed  con- 
atructed  m  the  form  of  a  bier.  Whenever 
he  aroee  from  his  bed,  he  was  either  wrapjied 
in  a  winding  aheet,  or  in  some  sort  of  drftpeiy 
which  he  conceived  to  be  the  proper  costume 
for  a  ghost.  This  appeared  to  me  to  be  a 
very  desperate  case,  and  I  asked  Count 
Piaani  whether  he  thought  t>tere  wan  anjr 
chance  of  curuig  the  victim  of  flo  extraordi- 
nary a  delusion.  The  CouDt  shook  hia  head 
doubtfully,  and  observed  that  his  <mly  hope 
rested  on  a  scheme  he  meant  shortly  to  trv  ; 
which  wiii^  ta  eufleavour  to  i>ereuade  the 
lunatic  that  the  day  of  judgment  bail  arrived. 

As  we  wero  quitting  this  chamber*  we 
heard  a  loud  roaiing  in  another  patient'* 
apartment  near  at  hand,  llie  C^unt  aakea 
me  whether  I  bad  any  wish  to  »ee  how  h© 


li 


A  LTTNATIC  ASYLUM  IN  PALERMO. 


manJM^  rRviiig  madmen  I  "  None  whatever/* 

I  replied,  "  unlesa  you  guarantee  my  pereonaj 
stifvty  1  "  He  a^isurcd  me  there  was  nothing 
to  k-iWj  And,  taking  a  key  from  the  hand  of  one 

kee^^ers,  he  led  the  way  into  a  padded 
•^r  In  one  corner  of  the  n>om  waa  a  bed, 
Ked  upon  it  lay  a  man,  wearing  a 
'  cioat,  which  oontined  bis  arms  to  Ms 
fastened  bim  by  the  middle  of  hU 
lie  bed,  I  waa  informed  that  a 
an  hour  previously,  thia  nuui  had 
1  with  such  a  frightful  fit  of  raving 
4^^,  .  '•'••  1^— f'His  weire  obliged  to  have 

recoui  t,  veiy  rarely  resorted  to 

iu  til  tit.     He  appeared  to  be 

u'  ty  yeara  of  age,  wm  exceedingly 

ii  ,  he  had  fine  wk  eyee,  and  features 

of  the  ioitique  mould,  with  the  figure  of  a  Her- 
cules. On  hearing  the  door  open,  he  roared  out 
In  a  Toice  of  thunder,  uttering  tbreatg  and  im- 
preoiition.s ;  but,  on  Itjoking  round,  his  eyea 
met  those  of  the  Count,  and  tiis  anger  softened 
down  into  expresflionB  of  grief  and  lamentar 
tiob.  Count  Pisani  approached  the  bed,  and, 
in  a  mild  tone  of  voice,  aaked  the  patient 
what  he  had  be«n  doing  to  render  it  nece»- 
sarv  to  place  him  under  such  restraint, 
"lliey  have  taken  away  my  Angelica,"  re- 
plied the  maniac  ;  **  they  have  torn  her  from 
me,  and  I  aim  resolved  to  be  avenged  on 
Hetlora !  **  The  unfortunate  man  imagined 
Imnsflf  to  be  OrUmdo  Furioso,  and,  as  may 
readily  be  supposed,  hia  madness  waa  of  the 
wildest  and  moet  extravagant  cbaracter. 

Count  Piaani  endeavoured  to  soothe  his 
^ioknoe  by  aasuriu^  him  that  Angelica  had 
hmn.  carried  off  by  force,  and  that  she  would 
doubtless  seiase  the  first  opportunity  of 
escaping  from  the  hands  of  her  captors  and 
rejoiniuj^^  her  lover.  Tin  is  addurance,  repeated 
e»m^\\'  hut  gently,  speedily  had  the  effect 
f'  the  fury'of  the  maniiw;,  who,  after 

a  ,  requested  that  the  Count  would 

II  IS  strait- wai^teciat.  This  C4>unt 
1 '  <'d  to  do,  on  condition  of  the  piitient 
pi..v,,...^  liiif  word  of  honour  that  he  would 
not  pro^t  by  bia  liberty  to  make  any  attempt 
to  pursue  Angelica.  *  This  sympathy  for 
imajginary  misfortune  ha*!  a  good  effect.  The 
patient  did  not  attempt  to  quit  hia  bed,  but 
merely  raised  himself  up.  He  hati  been  a  year 
in  the  establishment^  and,  notwithstanding  the 
deep  grief  into  which  his  fancied  misfortuues 
plunged  him,  he  liad  never  been  known  to 
abed  tears.  Count  Piaani  had  several  times 
Okdaayoured  to  make  him  weep,  but  without 
■Dieceaa.  He  proposed  soon  to  try  the  cxperi- 
xnent  of  announciutr  to  him  the  death  of 
Ani^clLja.  He  intended  to  drees  up  a  tigiiro 
i  !  garments  and  to  prevail  on  the 
J I  Ktn  Orlando  to  be  present  at  the 
int^^ruieut.  This  scene,  it  was  expected,  would 
have  the  effect  of  drawing  tears  from  the  ey^s 
of  the  sutferer ;  and  if  so,  Count  Piaani  de- 
glared  he  should  not  despair  of  his  recovery. 

In  an  apartment  facing  that  of  Orlando 
Furioeo,  there  was  another  man  raving  mud. 


IBS       I 


fastened 


When  we  entered  his  room  he  was 
in  a  hammock,  in  which  he  was 
down,  for  biting  his  keeper.  Through  the 
gratings  of  hia  window  he  could  percpive  bia 
comraaes  atrolUng  about  and  amusing  them- 
aelvea  in  the  garden.  He  wished  to  be  among 
them,  but  waa  not  allowed  to  go,  because,  oo 
a  recent  occasion,  he  had  made  a  very  violent 
attack  on  a  poor  harmless  creature^  suffering 
from  melancholy  madness.  The  offender  waa  in 
oonaequence  condemned  to  be  tied  down  in  hia 
hammock,  which  is  the  aecnndary  punishment 
resorted  to  in  the  eatabliahment.  The  first 
and  most  severe  penalty  being  imprisonment ; 
and  the  third  the  strait-waistcoat. — "What 
is  the  matter?"  said  Count  PisanL  "What 
have  von  been  doing  to-day  I "  The  lunatic 
looked  at  the  Count,  and  then  beean  whining 
Uke  a  peevish  child,  **  They  will  not  let  me 
go  out  to  play,"  said  he,  looking  out  of  the 
window  where  several  of  his  companions  were 
enjoying  the  air  in  the  garden.  **  I  am  tired 
of  lying  here ; "  an«l  he  began  rocking  him- 
self impatiently  iu  hia  hammock.^ — ■''  Well,  I 
doubt  not  it  is  wearisome,"  said  the  Coun^ 
"  suppose  I  release  you  ; "  and,  with  thoae 
words,  he  unffistened  the  ligatures. 

The  lunatic  joyfully  leapt  out  of  his  ham- 
mock, exclaiming,  "*  Now  I  may  go  into  the 
prden  ! " — "  Stay,"  said  the  Count ;  "  auppoae 
before  you  go  you  dance  the  Tarantella." — 
"Ob,  yes!^'  exclidmed  the  lunatic,  in  a  tone 
which  showed  that  he  received  the  proposal 
as  tlie  greatest  possible  indulgence  ;  *^  I  shall 
be  delighted  to  dance  the  Tarantella."  ''  Go 
and  fetch  Teresa  and  Gaetano,"  said  the 
Count  to  one  of  the  keepers ;  tlien  turning 
to  mo,  he  said  :  "*  Teresa  is  also  one  of  our 
violent  patients,  and  she  sometimes  gives  us  a 
great  d^  of  trouble.  Gaetano  waa  a  teacher 
of  the  guitar,  and  some  time  ago  he  became 
deraniFed.  He  is  the  minsti-el  of  our  establish* 
ment.  In  a  few  minutes,  Teresa,  a  pretty* 
looking  young  woman  about  twenty  years  of 
age,  was  conducted  into  the  room  by  two  men. 
who  held  her  by  the  arms,  whilst  she  stmvgledl 
to  escape,  and  endeavouied  to  strike  ^m. 
Gaetano,  with  hia  guitar  slung  round  his  neck, 
followed  gravely,  but  without  being  held, 
fur  his  madness  waa  of  a  perrectly  harmleas 
kind. 

No  sooner  did  Teresa  perceive  Count  Piaani. 
than,  by  a  violent  effort  disengaging  heraeli 
from  the  keepers,  she  fiew  to  him,  and  draw* 
ing  him  aside  into  a  corner  of  the  room,  she 
began  to  tell  him  a  long  8tor>'  about  some  ill- 
treatment  to  which  she  alleged  she  had  been 
subjected.  "  I  know  it.  I  have  heard  of  it," 
said  the  Count ;  **and,  therefore,  I  think  it 
just  to  make  you  some  amends.  For  this 
reason  I  have  sent  for  you,  that  you  may 
dance  the  Tarantella."  Teresa  waa  delighted 
at  hearing  this,  and  immediately  took  her 
place  in  front  of  her  intended  partner.  **  Now 
Gaetano,  presto!  pteao!'^  said  the  Count, 
and  the  musician  struck  up  the  air  of  tht 
Tarantella  in  very  spirited  style. 


I  hare  frequently   witneiwed  tli«  ningicail 
tffmct  which  tnifl  air  never  ikila  to  prculucc  on 


Korne  dispate  witb  a  Nt 
of  quietly  putting  intf. 


into  h\H  hftTifl,  w<*nt  out  u  i 

to  f'  'i^  gTanrd  w^is 


Nfcv 


tlM  aidliana;   \mt  I  never  Gonld  havG  con- {  which  Jaks^u  (u 
tiKed  anjtliiDff  like  the  cbimge  it  wrcnig:ht 
ttpatithc«e  two lutmtics.    The  ninetjciAii  began 
to  piny  the  mr  m  the   time  in  which  it  in 

\-  ■■  \    but  the  daacers  m 

vnd  Tiioi-e  ^cklf « i 
'    became    ind~    '  ' 
niarkecl  the   f 

—-^}'>n  hv  enApi  ,i,-,    ..  .. 


U/niK 


Tl 
most 


:ip 


I,   '«\  iiri>'ii'in  111     I  <ii|i'i-;i   Ml',,  ,!;_ 

Other  flolrliers.  cam*?  to  i  r 

iiade,  iMid   '■    ^^.i'r«    ^t-  u 

tiiis  rapid  njove-[  tlie  course  of  ■»  n 

lOttt  will  ,  'i-'^y  to]    a  quarter  I  th«  head   wlu  l 

of  AH  hour,  they  bt  me  syiup-j  He  was  conreyiMi  to  jnima  in  a  ,- 

tknni  of  fktigne  -   the  firat  senaibility  and  placed  inac«*ll«wlr  ih 

to  ffive  in,  and,  ovei  come  1  y  the  exertion,  left;  for  the  night.  Kext  moniing,  v.  hen  it 
he  threw  himself  ou  a  l>en<'h  which  stood  of>  was  intended  to  conduct  him  before  the  judge 
one  mdif  of  the  room.     Tr  '  for  examination,  he  was  dcmisd  to  be  |»erfec?tT)f 

up  a  very   animated    p'>  inwine. 

minutea  after  the  loaa  of  liHi   ijhuu  r,  iPmiii     This  young  man's  iiiadne<''    »     *   •  '        j^ 

very  poetic  turn.     Sometime 
aelf  to  be  Taaeo  ;  at  another  t  e 

or  Ghateaubriand.    At  the  ti  r 

te  the  achdum,  he  wm  deeply  i  h 

the  delusion  of  tmiigining  himaeltto  be  Uante. 
When  We  approached  him,  he  was  pfieiiig  up 
and  down  an  alley  in  the  earden,  pleasantly 
ahaded  by  tree«.  He  held  in  one  hai>d  a 
pCTicil,  and  in  the  othCT*  aome  slii       '  r, 

and  he  was  buBily  enffiu^  in  ooi  • 

thirty-third  Canto  of  hia  Inferno,  'a 

he  r\ibbe*i  hia  forehead,  as  if  X<^  4 

scattered  thoT»>^>>^'>  ""•*  ^^^"^  he  ^^v ..v-i^ 

down  some  Uii 

Profiting     bj,  J..  rui"^    which    h** 

BMtned  to  nmerge  trDm  : 
tion,  I  stepped  up  to  hn  1  r- 

stand,  Sir^  tnat  I  have  the  huLji>ui'  vi  H«idr««»> 
ing  tnyseif  to  Dante," 

"  That  is  my  name/'  replied  Lueea.  **  Wlist 
have  you  to  say  to  me  1" 

"  To  assure  you  how  raueh  f '  ^    '    M 

feel  in   innkiug'  your  aeqaai 
coeded  to  Flor '•"^'-  •"  ♦*'-  ^^^'  i,,  ...j;  v/u 

there,  but  yon 

"'Then/'  aai^i  1-  1  mv.  nmrk 

sort  of  utterance  > 
persons,  "Then,  it  - 

of  my  having-  been  driven  ironi  Floiebce,  and 
that  they  charged  me  with  having  f>tol?»r]  the 
money  of  the  Republic  ?     Dant^  ■  >f 

robb€a7,  forsooth  !     1  slun^  my  «y^  <y 

side,  and  having  collected  the  ni»i  m.ven 
Cm  it  OS  of  my  poem,  I  departed ," 

This    fftrange    bM^'i -•' ■  *'^^t)    exdted     my 
K"onvenmtioTi,  1 
, .  L-Lktm  yon  between 
Fettre  and  Monte^feltro." 

"  Oh  t  I  at:iid  only  a  very  short  time  there," 
said  he.    **  Why  did  you  not  go  to  Knv.-nnat'* 

**I    did    tjo  there,  and   found    otdy  yoitr 
tomb  ! " 

"But  I  WAS  not  in  it;*  observed  h«s    **  Do 
you  know  liow  I  esca}Mwl  t  '* 

I  ivpUed  in  the  negative. 

**I  have  discovered   a   mode  of  resKoriB|[ 
one's  life.*' 


length  she  also  found  herswlf  com  pell  od  to 
■top.  The  man  vraa  placed  on  his  bed,  and 
tphe  woman  was  conducted  to  hei*  apartment. 
Both  were  so  completely  overoome  by  the 
violence  of  their  exerttonif  that  Count  Pisaoi 
observed  he  would  animrer  for  their  remaining 
quiet  for  twenty-four  hours  to  come.  As  to 
tke  guitarist,  ho  wa?  allow*»d  to  go  into  the 
gnrtlen  to  i  -  tia. 

I  was  M  a  large  hall,  in 

which  the  jriTieni>i»  want  uud  am  Use  thefu- 
•elve^,  when  wet  weether  prevents  them  from 
going  out.  ThM  plttce  wa«  adorned  with  a 
profusion  of  flowiiV}  growing  in  pota  and 
vaees,  and  the  walls  were  covered  with  fresco 
naintings,  representing  humorotts  eubjecta. 
The  hau  contained  embroidery  frames^  spin- 
oiiig-wheeUf  and  even  weavers^  looms;  all 
pweated  traoes  of  the  work  on  which  the 
MBilicB  had  been  enga^^ed.  Having  named 
tippugh  the  great  ball,  I  was  conduoted 
to  the  i^arden,  which  was  tastefuliy  hiid 
out,  ahaaied  by  large  spreading  trc<  s  and 
watered  by  f^sh  fountains.  I  was  iuforme<l 
thatf  during  the  houn  allotted  to  recreation, 
mdit  of  the  patients  may  be  seen  wandenng 
abevt  the  garden  sepu-ately,  and  without 
hoidmg  any  oommunicatioo  one  with  another, 
each  following  the  bent  of  his  or  her  own 
particulai'  humour,  some  noisy  and  others 
silent.  One  of  the  most  decided  charaeter- 
isUcB  of  madness  is  the  desire  of  solitude,  It 
leklom  happens  that  two  lunatics  enter  into 
eonvireation  with  each  other  ;  or^  if  they  <lo 
eOf  each  merely  gives  utterance  to  his  own 
train  of  thought,  without  any  iwAi-d  to  whnt  I  interest,  aufi,  pur 
ia  said  by  his  interlocutor.  It  is  ditferent  when  said,  "  I  hop«Ml  to  h: 
tliey  converse  with  the  strangeifl  who  occa- 
■ionally  visit  them.  They  then  attend  to  any 
otaervatioiiB  addressed  to  them,  and  not  uiifi'e- 
qnetitly  make  very  rationjil  and  shrewd  replies. 

The  first  patient  we  met  on  entering  the 
garden,  was  a  young  man  apparently  al>out 
mx  or  ei^ht  and  twenty  years  of  a^.  Before 
he  lost  his  atneea,  he'  was  one  ot  the  most 
diadngnished  adrncates  in  Catania.  (^ne 
evening,  at  the  theatre,  he  got  involved  in 


h 


POISON  80L1>  HEBB 


liU 


♦*  Ja  it  a.  secret  1 " 

"No  ;  I  wiU  tell  it  yoa.  When  I  feel  that 
I  aiu  dying,  I  order  .a  gr&re  to  be  dug^— a 
very  fleep  grax'e.  You  are  aware  that  in  the 
^ '  f'  eai'tli  there  is  an  iDimftBge  lakf^ 

fci  iter — and — and^ — '' 

Cv'ixit  I'lsani,  wh'»  liad  ovei^ieiivd  the  Iatt«r 
f«rt  of  thin  eouver^tiork,  hone  BtkUknly  inter- 
mpted  Lucca,  saying,  ''  Signor  Dante,  these 
pe«j)ple  are  very  lUixiouB  to  have  a  dance. 
Wia  you  indulge  tliem  by  playing  a  quadrille  ? " 

He  then  hurriedly  difiyjatchidl  one  of  the 
aitendanta  for  a  violin,  on  which  iuatniment, 
h«  infonned  ma,  Lucca  was  &  maeterly  per- 
Cvrtner. 

The  violin  being  brought  the  Count  handed 
it  to  Lucca,  who  hegfoi  to  tuud  it.  !5Iean- 
vhile,  the  Count,  dmwing  me  aaid«,  Baid^ 
**  I  interrupted  yoar  convoraation,  just  naw, 
a0i]ii0what  abruptly  ;  becau&e  I  observed  that 
Luna  was  heguuung  to  wander  into  soma  of 
bia  metafihyBical  delosiona^  and  I  n«var  allow 
him  to  talk  on  such  aubjacta.  Theae  meia* 
phyaieal  lunatics  are  always  very  difficult  to 
cure. 

**■  But  jtonder  comee  one  who  will  never  ba 
cured  I  ^'  pursued  the  Count,  nhaiting  hia 
head,  sorrowfiiUy.  wliiiat  he  directed  my 
notice  to  a  young  temaJe,  who  waa  advancing 
from  another  part  of  the  garden^  attended  by 
a  fauiale  aarvant  or  nuise.  By  tbU  time  the 
danceiB  had  begun  to  range  ihemBelvea  in 
(bair  pkcae,  ana  the  young  lady  &  attendant 
waa  drawing  her  foi*ward,  with  the  view  of 
4tipliifting>  her  to  ta^  part  in  the  quadrille. 

The  young  hi4y,  whoee  dreaa  and  general 
^Aogukea  of  appeanooe  aeemed  to  denote  that 
«ht  waaa  peraon  of  auperior  rank,  was  diaiu' 
•dJEoed  to  danoe ;  and  aa  the  atte^kdant  per- 
liiUd  in  ui^g  her  forwiml,  aha  atmgglea  to 
and  at  length  fell  into  a  paroxyaoi  o^ 


grief  ' 


said 


I 


L 


"  Let  her  akma  i  Let  her  alone  ! " 
Count  Piaaiu  to  the  attendant.  ''  It  m 
to  contend  with  her.  Poor  girl !  I  fear  she 
^U  never  endure  tc»  see  dating,  or  to  hear 
music,  without  ihia  violent  agitation*  Coma 
hither,  Coataitta,"  aaid  he,  beckoning  kindly 
to  her.     "  Tell  me  what  m  the  matter  I  " 

"  Oh,  Alhano  I  Albano  !  "  ehrieked  the  poor 
maniac    '*  Tlxey  are  going  to  kill  Albano  I '' 

And  then,  overcome  by  her  emotion,  she 
eahauat^ed,  into  the  arms  of  her  attend- 
ant, who  carried  her  awav. 

Meanwhile,  the  aound  of  the  violin  had 
dnwu  together,  from  varioufi  parta  of  tho 
ganlen,  a  number  of  patieuta,  male  and 
IbbhiI^»  and  the  quadrille  waafonued.  Among 
the  moet  conapicuoua  figiirea  in  the  group 
were  the  son  of  the  Emperor  of  China,  and 
the  man  who  believed  himself  to  be  dead. 
T!i  !e   on    hie   head   a  eplendid 

«n  t  paper  ;  and  the  hUler,  wh^ » 

I  ii>  a  ^'hite  ahe^t,  stalked  about 
ve  and  solemn  air  which  lie  con- 
commoD  to  a  ghost.    A  toelau- 
€^oly  madman,  who  evideuUy  ahared  in  th^ 


fieativity  with  t^luctanoe  and  regret,  and  who 
was,  from  time  to  time,  itrgm  on  by  hia 
keepcrsy  and  a  woman,  who  fancied  herself  to 
be  Saint  Catherine,  and  waa  6ubj(%t  to  strange 
fita  of  ecstasy  and  improvisation,  were  alio 
couapicuoua  among  the  dancers.  Lucca^  who 
played  the  violin  with  extraordinary  apiiit^ 
every  now  and  then  marked  the  time  by 
stamping  his  foot  on  the  ground,  wlukt,  in  a 
stentoi^an  voice,  be  called  out  the  figuiia^  to 
which,  however^  the  dancem  paid  not  the 
ali^hteat  attentios.  The  scene  waa  inde- 
aenbable.  It  waa  like  one  of  thoee  iantaatlc 
vLaiona  which  are  sometimi»  coloured  up  in  9 
dreeun. 

As  we  were  paaein^  tlirough  the  court  yard, 
on  our  way  out,  I  espied  O^tanza,  the  young 
lady  who  had  ao  determinedly  refused  to  join 
In  the  dance.  She  waa  now  kneeling  do^n 
an  the  edge  of  a  fountain,  and  intently  gaztno; 
on  her  own  countenance,  which  waa  reflectoa 
from  the  limpid  water  as  from  a  mirror. 

I  asked  the  Count  what  had  caused  tlie 
insanity  of  this  intereating  tjatient  "  Alaa  !" 
replied  he,  'Mt  i^  a  melanrtioly  story  of 
romantic  vendeita,  which  might  almost  tigiu'e 
in  a  work  of  tiction."  Oostanza^s  husband  nai 
been  murdered  on  her  bndal  day  by  a  rival. 

When  Costanza  waa  first  brought  to  the 
establishment,  her  madneas  was  of  a  very 
violent  character  ;  but,  bv  degrees,  it  had 
softened  down  into  a  placid  mclaticholy. 
NevertheleaB,  her  caae  wus  one  which  admitUal, 
of  no  hope,  i 

Some  time  after  my  viait  to  Palermo,  I  mat 
Lucca  in  Paris.  He 'was  theU)  to  all  appear- 
ance, perfectly  himself  He  conwcaed  very 
rationally',  and  even  appeared  to  recollect 
having  seen  and  conversed  with  me  before, 
I  enquired  after  poor  Ooatanxa;  but  he  sliook 
hia  head  aorrowfully*  The  Count  a  prerlictiou 
waafiTl'"-  "^  rt  Xiooca  bad  recovered  hi» 
senses  tan^oi  waa  atill  an  inm^fA  q£ 

the  C*i^-  u — ^Mi. 


POISON  SOLD  HEBE  I 

Two  centuries  ago  poisoning  waa  a  acienee ; 
now,  thanks  to  a  sluggish  and  **  nevws 
minding  "  legislature,  the  art  may  he  aafii^ 
pwtised  by  the  meaneat  capacity.  The  ea. 
citing  extent  to  which  mumer  baa  been  re« 
oently  done  by  poiaon  fills  a  colimin  of  evaiy 
newsqpi^iar  and  fumiahes  a  topic  for  geaeral 
couversatiou.  Nor  is  it  a  new  thing,  A  par* 
liamentary  return  states,  Lhat^  in  the  ten  years 
which  encled  with  184^ — putting  aside  acci- 
dental  ]>oisouiugs,  which  were  countless — ^tha 
appalling  numli^r  of  two  hundred  rinl  fifty 
nine  persons  were  murdered  by  ^  efly 

by  arsenic),  yet  the  pi^actical  ^,  ot 

det^.'ctioa  were  so  great  t)iat  uo  more  than 
tughty<lSve  convictions  took  place :  thus  out  of 
every  three  poisoners  one  only  could  be  de* 
tected.  So  easy  is  murder  by  poison  and  80 
difficult  is  detection  I  The  mVBtety  is  tOAj  o£ 
solution  :  as  we  shall  soon  show. 


166 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


;OaadMt«4«r 


to 


A  arportinjy  friend  ^iTites  to  us,  that,  having 
«hot  away  /ul  his  powder,  the  other  day,  he 
hiu\  occuaion  to  go  into  &  mral  grocer'«  ahop 
for  more.  Wldle  he  was  being  served^  there 
came  in  a  little  girl,  who  ended  a  long  onler 
for  t«a,  HUgar,  «0Ap,  currants,  red-herrings, 
and  flour,  with  the  remarkable  deuumd — 
"and  two  ouucea  of  arsenic"  No  comment 
whatever  was  made  by  the  abopkeeper  ;  who 
puUt'd  a  small  blue  pa|ier  of  poison,  out  of  its 
proper  ocrmpurtmeui  in  a  drawer,  with  I  he 
aame  coupo«are  lu  he  handed  over  the 
pftdu^es  of  tea,  imcnir,  curranta,  and  flour. 
The  httle  girl  jummed  them  all  into  her 
apron,  and  went  her  way.  "Perhapa,'*  re- 
marked our  friend,  **9ome  of  those  ingre- 
dients are  for  a  pudflinc." 

•*Loikely,**  anawered  the  htixter,  with  a 
ati-orig  Derbyshirit  Hceent. 

"  And  should  the  blue  paper  burst,  or  a 
little  ruistuke  Ik3  ina*le  bv  the  cook,  the  whole 
fauiilv  will  lie  ijoiHOiied.'*^ 

"  I'liej  ehould  moind  what  they  'ro  at/' 

Thbt  was  the  only  Ufe-preaervcr  which 
occiutchI  to  the  chandler's  mind — ^"They 
ehould  mind  what  they  're  at ! "  His  con* 
scictKSO  waa  not  concerned  in  the  tnLnsactiou  ; 
but  If  its  dictat«4i  had  been  awakened,  they 
would  have  been  perfectly  aatiafied  by  his 
knowl*?dge  of  the  fact  that  his  custoroem  were 
troubled  with  rate ;  and  he  enquired  no  fiir- 
ther.  The  sportsman  mentioned  the  several 
caflea  of  poisoning  which  hail  recently  occurred 
in  various  j^tarts  of  the  country;  some  acci- 
dentiJ ;  some  wilful ;  but  the  grocer  could 
get  no  further  than — ^"  They  should  moind 
what  they  *re  at." 

It  must  occur,  howeverj  to  everyone,  that 
while  })otJtons  are  allowed  to  be  mild  as  un- 
re»trictedly  as  bread,  the  public — esjjeciaUy 
the*  humbler  ixurtion  of  it — even  mipposine 
them  to  l>e  '*  minding  what  they're  at  with 
unceasing  vigilance,  are  never  wholly  free 
from  the  djui^'er  of  hnvLuK  ^^^  doom  to  which 
they  »ent«T»ce  vermin,  tnmsferred  to  them- 
selves,  citlier  by  accident  or  by  vicious 
design. 

In  country  places  lileVbane  is  procurable 
more  e.a*iily  tlian  many  of  its  necepwrnes. 
The  inscription  over  every  chandier^s  door, 
Bays  that  he  must  be  **  licensed  *^  to  sell  teia, 
coffee,  tobacco,  and  snuff;  but  he  may  sell 
arsenic  without  the  smallest  restriction.  In 
spring  and  summer  seasons,  tons  and  tons  of 
tliat  de-iilly  material  '[jasa  over  the  counters  of 
geneni,!  deaJera  iu  the  ni|:ricultural  districts, 
to  be  U8e<l  either  to  prevent  smut  In  wheat, 
to  cure  sheep  of  tcmies^  or  to  kill  vermin. 
Hence  arsenic  becomes  as  much  a  piirt  of  the 
stores  of  a  larraer's,  shepherd's,  or  oottager^s 
cupboard,  as  his  famil/s  food.  It  is  by  no 
means  uncommon  to  see  a  provincial  drug- 
gist's apprentice  '^weighing  up"  two-ounoe 
packets  of  arsenic,  and  di»j>enBmg  medicines 
over  the 


end  of  a  counter,  their  wives  ai-e  often 
serving  out  Bfyoceries  to  customers  at  the 
othei*.  In  this  way,  it  has  been  asserted 
by  medical  practitioners,  that  minute  doses 
of  poison  get  mixed  with  food  or  medicine 
oftener  th&n  is  imagined.  The  partakers 
of  st>ch  food  fiaU  ill,  and  the  only  pathology 
they  can  arrive  at  is,  that  "  they  have  6at<m 
something  that  has  disagreed  with  them/* 
though  they  never  know  what. 

Atter  the  poison  has  left  the  shop,  the  rtsks 
increase  a  hundred-fold.  Take  the  cottar's 
case.  He  lives  in  a  small  cotttige ;  his 
single  cupboard  (at  onoe  the  receptacle  of 
food  and  physic)  contains  in  a  broken  rug 
at  the  top-shelf  a  packet  of  araenic.  The 
label,  if  ever  there  was  one,  is  torn  away, 
or,  if  there,  unintelligible  to  the  unlearned 
eottar^s  timily.  This  is  the  remains  of  the 
arsenic  he  used  in  summer  for  his  sheep, 
or  in  spring  to  steep  wheat-seed.  It  is  put 
away,  unknown  by  nia  family  imd  forgotten 
by  himself.  His  child  some  day  falls  iU  ;  he 
b  at  work;  the  wife  "fancies  she  has  some 
cream  of  tartar  somewhere,  and  that  is  good 
for  a  fever."  She  m%  to  the  fatal  jug,  deals 
out  the  poison,  and  innocently  kills  her  oflP' 
spring.  At  the  inquest  a  verdict  of  Accidental 
Death  is  retnmed.  This  poor  woman,  through- 
out her  embittered  life,  is  the  victim  to  tho 
want  of  legislative  enactments  to  prevent  such 
catastrophes.  Her  neighlmure  look  on  her 
for  n  time  with  ft  strange  mixture  of  pity  and 
superstitious  undelineti  suspicion. 

For  the  criminal,  arsenic  is  the  most  d« 
of  all  drugs  to  their  victim,  while  it  is 
safest  to  themselves.  Besides  the  numberl 
feasible  excuses  they  can  frame  for  having  it 
in  their  iKisseasion,  it  can  be  administered 
with  the  least  fear  of  detection.  OxaUc  add 
disgusts  the  palate  with  a  sweet  acid  taofte  i 
and,  to  be  murrlerously  etlectual,  must  ba 
mlministered  in  large  quantities.  Not  only 
the  taste,  but  the  colour  and  smell  of  laudanum 
betray  its  secret  at  once.  The  favourite, 
because  most  efficient,  of  the  three  poisons  of 
unscientific  murderers— arsenic — is  colourless^ 
flavourless,  and  inodorous.  Hence,  in 
recent  ctuses  of  wilful  poisoning,  arsenic 
been  the  poisoner's  drug ;  for  he  has  art  enc 
to  know,  without  reading  blue-books,  that 
chances  are  two  to  one  in  his  favour. 

While  the  legislature  refrains  from  admrnia^ 
tering  some  check  to  the  sate  of  di-ugs  de- 
structive of  life,  in  every  other  Eurojietui 
country,  no  person  is  allowe^l  to  sell  poisou 
without  a  license  and  r'  -"'M^.Tit^^e  that  he 
is  fully  alive  to  the  prer  esaaiy,  not 

only  U)  its  sale,  but  to  \n  ,  ,  ring  it.  In, 
however,  imposing  a  neceMarj'  restriction  iu 
this  country,  it  must  not  be  forgotten  that, 
I^itimately  employed,  arsenic,  in  particular, 
is  a  most  useful  drug,  and  the  liberty  of  the 
farmer  and  the  nntnufacturer  to  obtiun  it 
To  compel,  tliere- 


the  same  coimter  —  prhaps  with   the   should  not  be  shackled, 
aamo  scales!     When   the  muumerable  hux-ifore,   an  agriculturi^^t   to   scour  the  cc»untiy 
tan  are  busy  at    the    same  work    at    one  I  to  obtain  a  magistrate's  or  surgeon^  dgiia<* 


THE  FRESHMAN'S  PEOGRESa 


k 


iflar 


iiouahly 
yenieuce  ^>- 
to  id«ntLfy  th' 
mil/  impropi^r 
the   mint  I 
•troMiely  r 


tw  before  he  could  get  hiii  ten  poanda  of 
ftivemc,  aa  liouio  liave  BugKested,  is  unques- 
i  ;  for  oetddeA  the  bcoa- 
to  the  purchaser,  it  tencla 
'  o  or  the  doctor  with 
1  might  be  made  of 
these  gentlemen  would 
li  use  of  their  names. 
Tho  ^lesL  ot  ail  aafeguarda  is  that  of  eou- 
fiiung  the  Hale  of  poinon  to  tho^  only  who 
ttm  qoalifi^  by  educAtiou,  to  exercise  whole- 
■ome  care,  oud  tii  use  a  aound  judpfmetit  in 
dSfpenaiiig  it ;  uid  thuB  be  the  subject  of  an 
i]M»n»eiwive  Ucenae. 

Minor  prec^itiona  might  aI«o  be  added. 
The  Dlan  of  forciog  vendors  of  poiaoiia  to  seU 
it  in  bottles  of  particuL&r  shapes,  or  in  papers 
of  a  certain  colour,  could  not  always  te  ad- 
hered to,  in  spite  of  tlireatened  pains  of  fine 
and  foHeitnre.  Of  this  class  of  preventive, 
the  beat  we  have  seen  in  the  sympathetic 
powderf  which  Mr.  Slade  Davieit  propoaea 
shoaid  be  added  to  arsenic,  in  the  proportion 
of  one  |»er  cent.  When  brought  m  contact 
with  liquid  or  other  aliment,  it  immediately 
changes  colour  so  as  to  ensure  detection. 

THE  TWO  BLACKBIRDa 

A.  Blackbird  in  s  wicker  ctge. 

That  hung  and  awnag  'mid  fruits  and  flowers, 
Bad  learat  the  aoagH:haru],  to  sauagB 

The  dreamese  of  its  wingless  houxiv. 

And  ever  when  the  song  was  heard, 
Fimn  treeji  around  the  gtassy  plot 

ftiisk'd  another  glomy  bird, — 

Whose  mate  not  long  ago  w«t  shok 

Kot  to  conaole  ito  own  wUd  smart, 
But,  with  a  kindling  instinct  strotig^ 

The  norel  feehng  of  its  heart 
Beats  for  the  captive  bird  of  song. 

And  when  those  mellow  notca  are  still. 

It  hops  from  off  its  choral  parch. 
O'er  path  and  sward,  with  busy  bill, 

All  grateful  gifts  to  pock  and  search. 

Store  of  ouxol  dainties  choice 

To  thoise  white  swinging  bars  it  brings ; 
And  with  a  low  oonsouiig  vmoe, 

It  talks  between  its  fluttering  winga. 

Deeply  in  their  bitter  grief 

Thoso  sufTcrerv  reciprocate. 
The  one  mng>?  for  its  win«M  life.— 

The  other  for  its  murder'd  mate. 

Bat  deepor  doth  tho  secret  prov«^ 

Uniting  thoK«  sad  creatures  so ; 
Humanity  s  great  link  of  love, 

The  oommon  sympathy  of  woe. 

Well  divined  from  day  to  day, 

is  the  4rwiit  speech  between  them  twain; 
For  wheu  tlie  bird  is  scared  vnj, 

Tho  captive  bursts  to  song  agsi& 

Yet  daily  with  it*  flattering  voice. 
Talking  amid  its  llutterinjf  wings. 

Store  of  otuel  dainties  choice. 

With  bosy  bill  the  poor  bird  brings. 


And  sltiU  I  sa^,  till  weak  with  age 
Down  from  its  drowsy  branch  it  drope^ 

It  will  not  leave  that  captive  csge, 
Nor  cease  those  busy  searching  hope  Y 

Ah,  no  1  the  moral  will  not  strain ; 

Another  sense  will  make  it  rang«, 
Another  mate  wiU  soothe  its  pain. 

Another  season  work  a  change. 

But,  through  the  livo^long  summer,  tried— 

A  pure  devotiOD  we  xany  see ; 
The  ebb  and  flow  of  nature  s  tide— 

A  pitying,  loving  sympathy. 


THE  "FRESHMAN'S"  PROGRESa 

UROEirT  buadneas  demanding  my  preneooe  at 
Yarmouth,  some  few  weeks  Vkgo,  1  was  induced 
to  entrust  my  life  and  limbs  to  the  care  of  the 
Eastern  Counties  Railwuy  Comrainy.  It  hap- 
pened to  be  about  the  time  of  tlie  commence- 
ment of  Term  at  Cambridj^e  University,  and 
the  remaining  compartments  of  the  carriage 
in  which  I  found  a  phice,  were  ^ed  with 
Freshmen — ^young  men  who,  as  the  term  im* 
plies,  are  about  to  make  their  larst  experience 
of  the  pleasures  and  advantages,  the  perils  and 
temptations,  of  a  colleffe  life.  These  are 
among  the  many  for  whose  axl vantage  and 
wel&re  the  Royal  Comniisiiion  to  inquire  into 
the  Condition  of  the  Uui  versitiea,wtta  nominally 
appointed  Will  the  rcjiult  of  its  laboun 
eventually  descend  to  the  freshman  under- 
graduate— ^to,  in  short,  my  fellow-travellers  I 

Youth  is  proverbiJilly  open-hearted  and 
communicative.  Tliere  'i&  seldom  much  to 
think  upon,  beyond  the  passing  object  of  the 
hour.  There  is  no  imi^uiet  turning  of  the 
mind  to  visions  of  a  sick  family  at  home, 
falling  funds  abroad,  or  founderinc  shipe  at 
sea,  which  stamp  moodiness  on  the  i>row,  and 
an  air  of  abseuce  on  the  replies,  of  older 
tnivellera.  Before  we  had  reached  Brox- 
boume,  we  were  all  perfectly  well  aL*quaintedL 
One  waa  goinff  up  Ut  Trinity,  a  second  to  St. 
JohnX  a  thira  to  Christ's,  The  hopes  and 
anticipations  of  each  were  rather  sunered  to 
ooze  out,  than  given  in  so  numy  words ;  but 
they  were  not,  on  timt  account,  the  less  easily 
to  be  perceived.  It  was  clear  that  one  had 
set  his  mind  on  academic  hotiours,  and  would 
commence  his  careei'  with  the  determination 
— or  Concying  that  he  felt  the  determimition— 
to  win  a  high  place  by  his  exertions,  A  second 
seemed  to  be  ttlle<l  ^^i-ith  an  auticipation  of  the 
pleasured  rather  tlmu  the  advantages  heM  out 
by  a  college  course.  While  a  third  appeared 
to  have  mei^ged  every  other  sensatiom,  m  one 
of  unmitigated  delight  at  his  escape  frooi 
school — from  the  bullyuig  tutor,  th*-*  eleven 
o'clock  lesson,  Poetae  Gneci,  and  the  block. 

My  young  friends  got  out  at  the  Cambridge 
Station  ;  and  when,  after  a  vain  attempt  to 
drink  down  a  boding  cup  of  tea  and  miatcb  a 
hurried  bun,  I  again  threw  myself  um*el>eshed 
into  my  seat^  I  found  that  I  wae  alone.  A 
feeble  attempt  at  a  huup,  let  in  thi'ough  tho 


1 


I 


V. 

HH     as 

mtt 


>'' 


roof  of  Uie  cHTUige*  aeemed,  by  ite  flickerm^ 
iii}«,  trv  fvttMt,  rather  thjin  to  dijipel,  the 
prieiience  of  nitrht.  A  thick  fog-  poUec]  owr 
th^  ftlrea'lr  tfnpVfned  fieldft,  and  prcsaed 
ngiunst  thi  rulowa.    I  oouid  not  help 

iijinkine  r>'  hi^ajtedoompamona  fi-oiii 

whom  fhajl  jiiaL  parted  ;  I  tbought — fthall  I 
own  i<— with  regrvt  utKni  my  own  oollegv 
career  ;  I  thought  upou  the  Universltieai  tliem- 
«elv(*B,  not  as  Bome  do  vtith  a  feeling  akin  to 
eAT«f"t»ii.»  'vs  though  tl'"^  Tv-.»v.  Augean  fltablea 

V  \mt  a  Mei  1  aeauet; ;  uor 
ho  gaze  i.,  with  raptur*;. 

it'  beholding  an  enjlrtuiievl  (>erfection  ;  but 
mtber  with  a  fienae  of  reg;T«t  as  of  aometbing 

l)le,  which  has  been  diverted  fi"oiu  its  right 
It  appeared  to  me—and  the  circam- 
rtauicen  of  time,  scene,  and  plaee,  mil  recount 
fbr,  if  they  Ho  not  exciute  tne  poor  mataphor 
— ^that  I  !in^  *"  ^  ^*^  . .,  >:t^.-.  torn  from  the 
iron  nMld  o'  n  nlowly  aloog 

the  great  L ., ........  by  a  pair  eS 

hroken-winded,  iU-conditioned  old  aulea, 
Sloth  and  Bigotry. 

Tbcw  young  men  too,  the  cnrrent  of  whose 
UvtV  hftfl'  l>een  ordainid  for  a  few  moments  to 
mingle  with  mine,  in  what  ligiit  would  they 
look  haok  njMin  this  vei-y  evening,  if  it 
ill      "  liAunt  them  on  a  kn 

j.  -haniber  ?    They  Wi 

<xiu\,«-*u|nj«iv  ii,  !irMji;ijj»t,  OB  ft  new  era  m  tit 
csittanfle,  but  an  era  of  what  kind  1     Of  more 
i^mmt  Terser ei*aiioe,  of  incrcaaed  uwiiiliieas, 
i'  1  [ni3  and  aspirationa  ?  Or  of  fftTariab 

€^  '' ,  unreal   pleasure,  dissipation  aoid 

debt  i  W'onlrt  the  University,  upon  whose 
bonkft  th<»ir  namea  were  enrolled,  put  forth  all 
b  energies,  employ  all  herresouitsM, 

t  m  on  in  the  one  ])atb,  and  t/)  keep 

tb*rn  trum  the  other  ?  Or  wmdd  these  be  lett 
to  thdr  own  choice?  Such  tancies  mingled 
^^  *^  "'     '  '^        xperience  of  post  yei^^rs,  and 

V  tor  thp  future, rai8«d  by  the 

It-:.      ... Lhe  public  were  getting  itn* 

patient  of  the  rusty  teachhig  aud  lax  tmtnmg 
of  the  two  ancient  sorU  of  learning.  Thia 
atream  of  thondit  flowed  on  until  it  seemed 
to  aasnme  a  dennite  form,  and  out  of  it  I 
ahaped  a  picture  for  myseif,  not  like  that  of 
poets  and  dre^unera,  drawing  its  colonra  from 
an  unseen  and  uureal  world,  but  needing, 
ala*i  I  only  the  framework  of  oanie  and  in* 
diridualit'y  to  become  a  true  repreaentafcion 
of  what  is  taktufT  place  every  year — yea,  every 
year,  that  Mr,  Chnstie  riaea  to  demand  a 
reform  in  our  Universities,  and  tliat  Sir  Robert 
Inglis  sounds  the  alarm  at  his  jMwt  to  aave 
the  Academic  Oapitol  from  invadeni,  which. 
have  at  last  made  a  small  and  {M)liahed  breach, 
through  which,  in  ample  state,  the  Boyal 
Commiasion  is  about  to  cuter, 

I  pictured  to  myself  a  young  man,  of 
eigiiteen  or  nineteeiu  leaving  home  for  the 
fir.«)t  time.  His  father,  the  good  old  clerpTi*- 
man,  is  in  the  hall  beside  the  corded  trunks,  i 
MiH  mother  and  his  sidaters  stitnd  around  him,  i 
A  moment  more  and  the  trunka  are  on  the ' 


fly.  A  tender  farewell  u  waved  to  him  from* 
the  hands  of  the  assembled  fiunily.  littli* 
Bcr»,\m  e)f  at! vice  and  affeotion  are  wuf^ed  to 
him  on  their  latest  brpath.  Crack  ^^oes  th» 
whip,  the  wheels  go  -  green  garden- 

rt-  openg  with  a  cr  jtjd— ag  if  it  too» 

ral  Hoiicitude— and  a 


iTjiiu-  Ltius  vuutiL;  lutut— call  him  what  TOQ 
please — ta  Imiryin^  o&warda  towards  a  sdaoA 
of  which  hfS  lusi  hitherto  bad  no  expen«o«e^ 
let  OB  pauae  for  a  mommt  and  consider  hia 
true  poaitiosi,  aa  well  as  that  of  hundreda  of 
others  who  are  simihirly  situated.  Divestxi^ 
him  of  the  tiotitioua  interest,  with  which  the 
time  and  civettznatanoea  may,  in  the  ojiinign  of 
some,  appear  to  inveat  him — ^loainc  sight  for 
a  Minuto  of  tlia  het  that  ho  ia  aboi^to  ^  walk 
in  the  sbadsa  of  Academe,''  or  "  to  breatka 
the  Bpuit  of  Mathesia,"  or  '^  to  atray  on  tha 
hanka  of  the  airgent  Gam,"  or  « to  beeooie  a 
bulwark  of  onr  glorious  GoUeeiato  inatitin> 
tions/' — ^let  u»  calculate  some  of  Uiedifficoldaa 
which  will  txrat  present  themaelwa  in  hia 
future  course,  and  how  be  is  prepared  t» 
guard  against  them. 

He  has  been  educated  at  home,  perhapa, 
strictly  under  the  parental  «^e-~for  1  know 
iv  jiarente  who  think  this  kind  of  educar 
the  surest  Tuxitection  against  future 
1-11  iL^-iuptation.  He  naa  not  been  suflered  to 
leara  what  vice  t&  He  has  been  guarded 
from  the  society  of  the  profligate  Smiths  and 
Joneses  of  tba  neighWurhood.  His  reading 
has  been  aapeiiufcended  in  the  same  carefiu 
manner.  His  "  Hume's  History  of  Enghmd  '* 
is  a  '^  Mitoheira  Hnme ''  witli  the  aoeptical 
paaaa^ea  left  out.  He  has  never  heard  of 
Hon  JuMLj  or  been  Inside  a  theatrei.  The 
races  take  place  twice  every  y^ju:  witlus  a 
mile  of  the  vicaiage,  but  he  luis  never  Iteen  to 
them.  He  htm  never  been  down  in  the 
morning  later  than  half-paat  aeveo  oVlock,  or 
been  out  of  bed  by  ten  at  night.  He  watew 
the  mignonette  hi?*  la  with  his  ttstert  after 
breakfast,  and  listens  to  the  touching  English 
ballads  which  they  sing  of  an  evening.  A 
youth,  so  brought  up,  ia  anrely — if  any  one 
can  be — secure  from  barm. 

In  a  woixl,  ho  hss  been  kept  aa  a  child  up 
to  the  ytry  moment  of  his  becoming  a  man. 
With  the  thoughts  of  a  diiltl,  and  the  feelinga 
of  a  child,  and  the  strength  of  a  child,  he  is  of 
a  BuddeD  to  be  brought  in  oontact  with  the 
world  of  Cambii'T  "  "  <  »v  fV.f-.i^  which,  though 
on  a  smaller  ae;  hful  repreeeiita' 

tion — it  ia  a  da^.  i    :  a  miniature — 

of  the  great  world  twyona.  He  may,  of  i.'ouraei 
stand  tne  ordeal — in  very  many  oases,  he  doea 
— but  it  will  be  in  spite* of  his  early  training, 
not  hy  means  of  it. 

1  would  not,  however,  be  perfectly  sure  tliat 
the  youth  whom  we  are  pict.iring  to  ouraelvea 
is  so  Innocent  aa  his  Irienda  give  him  credit 
for.  To  the  deepest  dungeon  and  the  most 
secluded  hermitage  some  whispers  of  lhe 
world  wiU  float,  of  that  world  which,  pe^hapi^ 


THE  FRESITNrAN'S  PROGRESS. 


trom   her 


SUlDKlUg 

t-flfiak  of 


i 

^HH  we  cdi>'  pinDgv  into  the  more  tLeepl\%  the  more 

^^  WQ  £Mtic\'  fchAt  WB  have  thut  it  out  fi-om  our 

I  fie«7.    ^licre  is  no  Kick  mi^ciently  slroDtc  to 

I  loecp  cm!  vii^ious  prnptiisitles  nrtv  more  tLaa 

I  the    J 

^H      Wr  whom  you  ao  } 

^Hl      iniuibetl  the  first  ruiumL 

^H      flnmi  the  lAboarer  who  w<  i 

^^H      be  iiiny  have  drunk  out  iji 

^^1      my  Iutii'c<  ^rnT»«'k<!eper,  whom  he  meets  in  liis 

^M  wiijks,  when  you  are  not  by  •  he  may  have 
Iddru  tn  ogle  the  girls  of  the  N-illage,  and  you 
tume  the  wisher.     Thii^gfl  DOt  in  themselves^ 

HpQrh»{«,  iiarticulai'ly  vicious  or  criximuilj  but 
Live  Are  the  materuis  readj  laid  ;  and  let  bat 
the  s\yvkrk  of  college  teniptation  be  appUe^l,  and 
they  niAy  btim  up  all  the  lierc«r  and  brighter 
for  hnviug  lain  dry  fto  long. 

Butt  under  any  circumataooei,  aad  sup* 
pottiuc  him  to  have  alreMly  UDdAf^oo*  tbd 
oidou  of  a  school^  or  a  frtvats  ttttor'awlmhlish-^ 
SMBitr'^I  wish  to  be  undoratood  as  npfking  of 
tbe  ^iAiUttg  cltABes — ^there  are  some  pe<*imAr 
inids  to  be  noted,  which  uow^  more  partiefl^ 
iariy  than  ai  any  other  period  of  his  mt^  will 
MBai]  «nr  jnarc-  Irtend.  He  haa  iiet«r  in  hia 
life  t'  I   with  a  larger  sum 

Ifaan  pfi  he  is  with  dfty 

pounriid  111  Ills  }r.M'kei  aii^i  (thoui^  benugrnot 
y«t  be  aware  of  the  fikC^  by  bitter  eocpodfloee) 
credit  to  aD  unlimited  ejctent.  He  haa  nevtnr 
in  hta  LiJie  purchsised  for  himself  an  artiehs  of 
|;reat«r  mbSob  azid  importatice  than  a  crtdcipt' 
Sat  eir  a  fthinff^rod  ;  yet  here  he  is  about  to 
potide  hmuidf  wUh  all  the  articles  of  a 
oachslor's  cslabhahmaaL,  without  the 
id«a  of  their  market  ]>rioe — ^without 
whether  the  sum  he  gives  fur  each  will  be 
tweuty-fi^-t  per  ceat^  or  fifty  per  cent,  or  a 
Irandnsd  per  oent  abwe  its  proper  value.  If 
hia  aodca  imiv«  wanted  darning  at  home,  one  of 
Um  maid-aervaatd  has  darned  them  accord- 
im^y  \  ikew  shires  and  new  fiaimel  waisteoata 
kave  auiceeeded  to  the  senior  portion  of  hia 
Ijoen  hy  an  easy  and  trnperceptiDle  process,  by 
his  mother's  wiitdifdl  car^  without  bis  payiug 
any  attention  to  the  matter.  He  remembers 
that  to  have  helped  himself  to  a  thii -d  ghus  of 
port  wine  after  dinner,  wi>uld  have  called  a 
m>wn  to  the  face  of  his  father  ;  now,  he  ean 
drink  ohampaiome  or  lu>ck  for  hk  bmiUdaiai,  if 
he  feeld  so  disposed.  To  be  out  idler  ten 
o^elook  at  night  would  assuredly  have 
xttfoirtd  some  ejcplanatioB  at  thv  Vicarage; 
tumfj  he  is  not  reauired  to  he  in  his  L'uUt^ 
till  iBtdiiight — witnin  those  prectacts  he  can 
g9  wfa«re  he  chooses,  and  speiid  the  whole 
lii||1it  an  a  nmteriug  party,  it  he  lias  a  mitid 
to  do  so.  If  he  run  into  debt,  the  discovery 
^  n  aJI  probability,  be  m&du  for  three 

a  quarter,  till  he  takes  hta  degree, 
^-uijruin*? — by  that  time  his  fiither's 
uaiu  may  have  dropped  o^  leaving 
litui  u  jurvune.     A  thousand  things  may  have 
]u^l|ie&ed.     Nor  should  it  be  forgotten  that — 


19d 


paradoxical  as  it  may  seem — the  t  ^« 

to  which  A   Kiv-slimaxi   is  i'XT»OBed  ;!  -      id 

greater  ;  lord  than  if  he 

couJd  he   I  rtio  tinif^  of  life, 

and  with  ihv  nga  in 

I>^ndoll,  and  r.  uetro- 

^   itself     J  a*:,  i>urroutvdt*d 

\irtiifrtiM  i   witli   persons 

Older  than  hi  jk  his  ooodnct, 

he  mj^t  b«  ]  tH  by  the  very 

magnitude  of  .*.,  ,  ..  ,  ,,.  >vhich  he  residesL 
It  would  stitft  up  before  litni  like  iv  phantom 
in  the  gaa4igbted  street,  it  would  vimlic^te 
its  existence  m  the  coUimns  of  the  newspaper, 
but  it  would  not  l:»e  a  dweUer  in  the  same 
oolkge^  iu  the  eiuoe  qtiadrangle,  on  the  same 
stairoftse,  p*M4iaf»  in  the  very  next  r*?fmL 
For  the  s»ii.  ^"   ■  ■"  ■  •  '    i         ,■■:.!  .t 

Yioe  ha»  ^ 

obtrude  Imtrtwii  vuMtu  4»ur  urtiiy  wruKa  and 
occupations,  and  I  am  not  one  of  thoae  w4ko 
believe  that  he  is  always  hated  aa  sooii 
ABseon. 

In  the  midst  of  all  this,  at  the  period  of  aU 
others  when  he  most  requires  advice  and 
asaistaLnce^  what  wtll  his  lator^ — his  College 
Tutor — do  for  him  1  Is  that  fiinctlonary  reaufy 
what  he  is  presumed  to  be — the  goaminn  oi 
youth,  the  overseer  of  his  pup'ds,  their  miviser, 
their  reprover,  their  comforter,  their  friend  i 
— or  dofca  the  multiplicity  of  h  '  ^t 

and  the  number  of  his  pm  >> 

hundred  and  fifty  to  em^*'  *  i 

prevent  him  from  beinL^'  '  - 

off  ft"'l   i"ii*-OiV>ulous  b'  h 

gro^\  he  old  le  it 

bank  rum,  and  -  .i 

love  of  antiquity,  or — ^to  spMik  the  r 

troth^— a  p^^on  seen^  at  most,  <>  -« 

beginning  and  once  at  the  end  of  every  Teim, 
on  hurried  visits  of  ceremony  1  Will  th^ 
Fellows  do  anything  for  him— the  Fellows, 
whose  salariee  w^ere  ortjrimlly  accorded  ta 
them,  on  the  grouii'*  *'— *  *'  ny  ahould  act  as 
tutors  to  the  uml  ^■■nl     t>r  is  the 

orieinal  intention  ot  ;,..   ..iiider  adhered  to 
in  uiote  caaci  only  where  it  is  clearly  unsuited 
to  the i>reaent  day  ?    Are  the  grt^aier  vn it  of 
the  FeUowf  reeidiitg  elsewherej  ai 
ceiTtng  their  Btipen(&  T    Are  the  I  4 

to  continue,  like  the  P\Tamida,  iiuiuutable 
and  unehangeable  in  our  land  of  change  and 
nmtability  ?      Will    the    Royal   CommiesiAB 

Trt  on  these  things  ? 
Euu  not,  hov        —  Vt 
if  I  were,  I  w. 
evidenos  thai 
Fellows,  who  V 
aa  to  what  T>? 
seek 
uew 


Royal  Commissioti^ 
my  report  on  other 


on 

the   Dignitaries   and 

irse,  have  their  riewe 

necessary — I  would 

evidence  that  would  reveid  the  rotten- 

of  the  system  which  urges  the  yonng 


friend  whom  I  pictured  departing  from  the 
door  of  n  poor  Vican^,  amidst  the  adieus  of 
his  f^  and   anatious  friemls^  into  a 

earn  rmd  vice. 

1  WfMK  ou  pictui-ing  to  royeelf  this  young 
man  after  a  residence  at  College  of  a  few  days. 


160 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS, 


lCoMa«t«4Vr 


He  has  filnuBhed  bid  rooms ;  he  h&a  got  tO' 
gether  hia  crockery  ami  hia  gbus.  He  has 
B^nt  all  the  money  which  he  brought  with 
him  for  hU  outfit,  (with  the  exception  of  a  few 
pounds  which  he  reserves  to  meet  the  current 
expenses  of  the  Term,)  and  stUl  fresh  want« 
are  oontitiually  springing  up.  He  could  not 
Imve  imagiaed  thai  so  many  things  were 
neceBBury  to  fit  up  two  small  roonui, — coal*, 
ctuidles,  candle«tickBy  bmaheB  of  every  size 
and  make,  for  the  iiiBati&ble  bed-maker.  Tliere 
are  Btill  some  tirticleH  which  he  must  abso- 
lutely procure:  what  is  he  to  do?  He  has 
fiilthfuily  promised  to  pay  rea*ly-money  on 
all  occaaiuDM  ^  yet  he  is  distnclined  to  write 
home  so  soon  for  a  further  sunply.  He  feels 
that  his  ignorance  may  have  M  him  to  pay 
too  higli  a  price  for  his  tables  and  chairs,  or 
to  purchase  some  articles,  (a  aolk  and  arm- 
chair, for  instance,  pressed  upon  him  by  the 
winning  ways  of  the  upholsterer,)  which  were 
not  absolutely  needed  ;  the  money  ought,  no 
doubt,  to  have  gone  fiirther.  A  thought 
strikes  him.  He  knows  that  bills  can  be  sent 
in  "throogli  the  tutor,"  Tliey  will  be  sent 
home  at  the  end  of  Term,  and  paitl  by  his 
fiktber,  together  with  the  College  expenses. 
This  is  not  running  into  debt.  He  sallies 
forth,  and  finds  a  shop  of  the  kind  that  he 
reqnii^es.  The  oeoeasary  artieles  are  selected ; 
be  requests  the  tradesman  to  send  in  the  biU 
for  them  to  the  College  Tutor.  The  trades- 
man hesitates.  "  Why,  is  it  not  done  every 
day  r'  The  tradesman  hesitates  still  further. 
♦»  Wliere  is  the  objection  T'  "  Well,  the  ai-ti- 
cles  are  not  of  an^  very  great  value, — perha|>s 
the  gentleman  will  pay  tor  them  next  Temi." 
**  Yes ;  but  why  not  send  in  the  bill  to  the 
Tutor?''  The  tradesman  looks  cautiously 
round  the  shop.  The  fact  is — ^lie  would  not 
wiah  it  to  go  any  further — ^but  if  the  bill  is 
sent  in  to  the  College  Tutor,  he  shall  not,  per« 
haps,  get  his  money  for  a  couple  of  years. 
For  such  a  trifling  article  it  is  not  worth  hia 
while.  He  would  rather  trust  to  the  young 
gentleman, — he  would  indeed.  He  may  be 
stepping  that  way  next  Term,  and  then  be 
able  to  pay  for  them.  Perhaps  he  may  be 
wanting  BomL'thing  else,  too,  before  that  time. 
The  aiticles  shall  oe  sent  to  his  rooms  forth- 
with. 

There  is  no  resisting  this  argument.  As 
for  the  articles  themselves,  they  may  be  of  tlie 
most  trifling  value, — a  pair  of  brass  candle^ 
■ticks,  a  basin  and  jug, -an  eight-day  clock  ; 
but  the  principle  is  the  same,  and,  whatever 
they  l>e,  our  young  friend  leaves  the  shop,  for 
the  lirst  time*  in  his  life,  in  debt. 

The  scene  cliangea.  He  has  been  up  a  Term 
or  two  by  tliis  time,  and  hm  acquired  a  little 
expeneuce.  He  has  a  few  debbj,  Imt  »tLll  they 
mount  up  to  a  trifling  sum  only.  He  has 
found  out  that  his  College  does  very  little  for 
him,  and  his  private  tutor  (whom  he  pays  out 
of  his  own  nocket)  ev*?rythiug.  The  two 
rudimentary  lecturis  which  he  was  at  lirst 
ibrced  to  attend,  are  now  pressed  less  earnestly 


upon  his  notioe.  In  fact,  ho  can  almost 
entirely  "  cut  **  them,  if  he  likes,  and  does  cut 
them  accordingly,  as  a  waste  of  time.  Hia 
College,  possibly,  has  only  two  tutors,  both 
mathematicians  ;  so  that  one  of  them  is  forced 
tti  lecture  upon  classical  subjects.  The  mis- 
takes which  this  lecturer  makes  would  dis- 
grace a  boy  in  the  third  form  of  a  gnun- 
mar  sohooL  It  is  to  his  jjriirate  tutors,  or 
**  ooachesy"  that  he  looks  for  instmctirm.  They 
are  costing  his  poor  father  a  heavy  sum ;  and 
as  he  turns  to  hia  trif,^onometry  with  a  sigh, 
he  thinks  that  he  might  juat  as  profitably  De 
reading  at  New  York  or  Ispahan,  and  coming 
up  at  the  end  of  three  years  to  take  his 
degree.  The  fire  is  burning  low  in  the  grat«. 
How  he  wishes  that  he  had  his  sLstem  by  him 
now.     Dear,  dear,  how  lonely  it  feels ! 

Suddenly,  tlirough  an  opening  door,  con- 
\nvial  sounds  burst  upon  his  ear.  They  come 
from  the  opposite  rooms — the  rooms  of  Smith, 
the  good-humuured  ra£ui,  whom  he  meets 
sometimesa  and  s^ieaks  to,  on  the  staircase. 
It  is  his  turn  to  entertain  his  Boat  Club  with 
a  supper,  and  he  is  doing  so  right  merrilv. 
Presently  Smith  himself  dashes  m,  his  hair 
standing  up  on  end,  his  utterance  thick,  his 
face  more  good-humoured  than  ever.     Has  be 

got  a  saucepan  ?  For  the  love  of  Heaven,  has 
e  got  a  saucepan  ?  It  is  a  new  discovcty,  a 
culinary  era,  an  epoch  in  the  annals  of  drinks  I 
They  are  about  to  concoct  something  wonder- 
ful with  whisky,  and  eggi,  and  beer,  if  they 
could  only  fin<l  a  saucepan.  Heaven  be 
praised,  here  is  one !  A  thousand  thanks ! 
But  won't  he  step  in  and  join  them  Y  Supper 
is  quite  over.  He  must  be  lonely  there.  WeU, 
it  t*  lonely^  and  he  thinks  then?  would  be  no 
harm  in  joining  them,  for  half  an  hour  or  soy 
just  to  see  what  it  is  like. 

For  a  mrtment  or  two  he  can  only  hear  dis- 
cordant noises ;  jie  sees  nothing.  Twenty 
London  fogu  niic  rolled  into  one  oefore  him* 
Hb  eyes  begin  to  water,  and  his  head  to  ache. 
Presently,  as  the  mist  dispels;,  he  beholds  a 
Jar;^  party  of  youths  seated  in  ungraceful 
attituoes  round  a  table,  cigars  in  their  mouths, 
oaths  on  their  hrm,  glasses  of  steaming  liquid 
before  them.  He  is  introduced  and  made 
welcome.  Let  me  see,  wasn^t  he  from  Guttle- 
borough  School  ?  It  was  by  a  Guttleborough 
man  that  the  Club  was  founded.  No  I  Ah, 
then,  it  must  be  some  one  else  yerv  like  liim. 
Would  he  not  wish  to  be  a  memDer  of  the 
Club  1  He  is  confused,  and  acareely  knows 
what  to  say.  Ah.  well,  he  ahall  be  proposed. 
He  is  accommodated  with  a  jorum  of  milk- 
punch,  ajid  is  induced  to  make  his  first  attempt 
at  a  cigar.  The  mirth  grows  more  furious  ; 
everything  provokes  roars  of  laughter.  To 
stick  a  pin  into  a  neighbour's  leg  is  considered 
very  droli  To  tumble  off  a  chair,  establishes 
at  once  a  character  for  facetiouaBeBs.  He 
feels  no  longer  lonely,  but  indnlgefi  in  more 
punch.  Emboldened  by  its  effects,  he  repeats 
a  bad  pun  which  he  remembet^  to  have  met 
with  in  the  speech  of  some  great  ataiesmaxi ; 


VkAria  Dkkrak] 


THE  FRESHMAN'S  PROGRESS. 


161 


it  is  resceivetl  with  frantic  applAose.  But, 
{|dIt!Jice  !  silence  tor  a  song  ! 

A  g^utlemau  with  a  hosky  voic*»  carok  forth 
a  Jitty.  It  luia  no  wit  in  it,  and  very  few 
iV  '  lit  treata  on  a  aiibjoct  in  which  all 

I  'i-est.     An  indiviiJual  with  an  tin- 

V14UM  iiMMiH  name — Uuggiiis,  or  Noggina,  or 
Buij^'"a.— **  weut  vip  to  Loudon  one  day, 
fol  de  rctl,  diddle  dol,  diddle  dol  dee;  And 
met  with  a  heautifnl  actress,  de  diddle  de 
day. 

But  the  youth  hears  no  more  I  Ogara, 
flmoice,  bi'okon  glasses,  bent  capa,  tattered 
ffmrna,  pale  fa<?e%  all  &de  from  his  view. 
He  sinkfi  from  hia  chair  insensible  ;  and,  to 
the  dolight  of  the  st>ectators,  in  a  most  con- 
venient and  corkable  position-  Hie  face  is 
corke4i  accordiD^rly ;  and  an  hour  afterwai-ds 
he  snores  heavily  upon  his  bed,  with  the 
ef^ff^  of  a  gallowa  on  hia  forehead,  and  a 
beard  and  mustache  that  a  Genaan  patriot 
miVht  tuvj. 

But,  Oti,  the  morning  !  He  has  never  felt 
flo  before.  How  he  curses  his  folly  and 
wicke<liie«g !  What  is  he  to  do  t  Smith, 
whn  ilrops  in  at  alxiut  two  o'clock,  baj'b, 
'  1  »:de  ale  I  *'  He  drinks  it,  and  feels 
refreshes!.  "  Never  mind/'  says 
.SjuiiJi,  uiie  gcMjd  thing  has  come  of  yotir  lajBt 
night's  parrloiiabje  weakness.  A  meeting 
has  been  held  this  morning,  and  you  are 
elected  a  member  of  the  Hjsao  ajud  leakdkr 

CLUB," 

Longj  vacation  has  commenced.  He  has 
pulled  in  a  good  many  matches  by  this  time, 
and  won  "  pewters,"  and  drank  out  of  the 
twwtcrs  which  he  has  won.  He  has  added  a 
UttJe  to  hia  debts,  too.  Five  months  at  the 
Vicarage  becomes  rather  a  dreary  prospect. 
What  should  he  be  doing  vnth  himself  all 
that  time  ?  Besides,  he  really  must  be  read- 
ing. At  legist,  so  he  says  in  his  letter  to  his 
father^  who  consents,,  upon  the  recommenda- 
tion of  his  College  Tutor,  that  he  shouM  fonii 
one  of  the  readmg-party  who  are  going  with 
Mr.  OrbUiua  to  the  beautiful  town  of  Pluck- 
Tille, 

Wliat  a  neighbourhood  is  that  of  Pluck  ville ! 
What  a  lovely  lake  to  row  upon  !  What  an 
admirable  and  convivial  cricket-club  attachetl 
to  the  town  >  What  splendid  fishing !  What 
enchanting  rides  and  drives !  Wliat  slap-up 
shooting  to  look  forward  to,  as  the  month  of 
September  cornea  on !  No  wonder  it  is  a 
favourite  resort  of  reading-parties.  There 
Are  one  or  two  other  parties  in  the  vicinity 
now,  besides  that  of  Mr.  Orbiliua.  All  the 
young  men  lodge  in  the  town.  They  frater- 
nise. There  is  an  ordinary  for  those  who 
('  M  job,  at  halfpast   six  punctual,  at 

^  <i'8  Head.     There  is  not,  jwrhapsi, 

V' I  t  jijucii  reading  going  on  of  a  morning; 
but  Mr.  Orbiliua  does  not  fall  ill  on  that 
account.  He  is  a  philosopher,  and  knows 
how  to  put  up  with  tlst.^e  kiriil  of  tilings. 

If  this  little  paper  could  Ih?  enlarged  into  a 
transoendaxit  work  of  fiction  destined  to  live 


in  every  age  and  clime,  this  might  be  fixed 
upon  by  the  critics  as  the  identical  place 
where  the  hero  should  fall  in  love.  A  beauti- 
ful heireas  takes  a  fancy  to  him  and  admits 
him  to  her  cMumt.  TTiia  brings  him  into 
collision  with  a  haughty  duke.  They  fight^ 
and  so  on. 

For  my  part,  I  should  prefer  him  to  fall  in 
love  with  one  of  the  doctor's  pretty  niecea, 
who  are  good  amiable  girls,  or  even  with  the 
att*jmey'3  bhiujk-eyed  daughter.  Such  an 
affair  of  the  heart  wouM  bring  him  into 
immediatt  collision,  not  with  a  duke,  but 
with  some  of  the  ideas  which  have  of  late 
taken  possession  of  his  mind.  It  would  sober 
and  stMidy  him.  His  companions — except 
the  utterly  profligate,  would  respect  tne 
scruples  of  a  man  who  grew  more  particular 
in  his  conduct,  on  the  plea  that  he  was  en- 
gaged. However,  to  tell  the  trutk,  love  did 
not  intrude  upon  the  picture  that  I  was 
drawing  out  for  myself;  except  the  maternal 
love  —  deep,  unspeakable  —  which  endrpled 
and  overshadowed  the  boy,  when  at  the  dose 
of  the  vacation  I  thought  I  saw  him  return, 
not  much   improved  m  any  respect  by  his 

READLVO  PABTT. 

Perhaps  all  this  is  tedious.  Well,  life 
itself  is  tedio^is.  We  cannot  all  of  us  be  earls 
and  princes,  carry  off  our  lady-loves  on  milk- 
white  palfreys,  or  be  slabbed  in  oudnight 
encounters.  Most  of  us  w\l\  live  on  in  tnia 
dull  tedious  kind  of  way,  without  any  extra- 
ordinary piece  of  good  luck  turning  up  at  the 
end  of  the  third  volume.  Here  he  is,  after 
another  Term  or  two,  in  chapel  It  is  a  cold 
winter  morning  as  he  sits  on  the  hard  oak 
benches  of  the  College  chapel.  He  remembers 
when  Divine  Service  called  up  feelings  of 
devotion  in  his  youthful  mind.  Tlie  organ, 
as  it  sounded,  thrilled  through  his  fnmie. 
He  now  thinks  upon  going  to  chapel  as  he 
would  think  about  gotng  to  Oie  dentiHtV  He 
has  been  deluged  and  arenched  with  chapeL 
He  is  even  now  sitt'mg  there,  as  a  punish- 
ment !  "  As  you  have  niiled  to  majte  up  ifour 
number  of  chapels  the  two  last  weeks,  such 
are  the  very  words  of  the  Dean,  "  you  will,  if 
you  please,  keep  every  diapcl  till  the  end  of 
Term."  How  «m  he  revere  oee  that  which  he 
is  taught  to  look  upon  aa  a  penalty  attached 
to  a  crime  ?  "  All  they  appear  to  reouJre  of 
you  here,"  he  thinks  disconsolately  to  nimsclf^ 
"is  to  eat  dinners,  and  to  go  to  chapel. 
Lectures  are,  comparatively,  of  no  importance. 
Can  this  be  called  an  tJniversiity  edu--1 "  But 
the  sen'ice  Is  at  an  end.  The  pompoua,  red- 
uced Master  stalks  out,  bowing  to  the  two 
young  noblemen  undergraduates  who  walk 
WaiJe  him.  Then  follow  the  other  dignitaries. 
And  last  t>f  all  the  vulgar  herd  of  students, 
many  with  their  great  coats  buttoned  up 
over  their  night-gowns,  and  their  hair  un- 
bruslied,  having  oeeu  calle<I  forth  by  the 
ring  of  the  bell,  to  coroe  and  sleep  on  the 
chapel  l^enches^  instead  of  continuing  to  sleep 
in  bed. 


1 


162 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


LGptilactiilir 


I 


k 


What  Is  thia  aoene  which  strikee  apon  his 

ill  the  mu<J,  to 
('  '  ■  I..  *')  for   Mm  lir-  I ' 

yutuig  uieti  rid  !i  tUe  luwti  in 

intr  cofctuiue,  f  Ueir  whips.     L»i 

lolUiwiii^    btjkiiiU    iu    dosz-cnrts,    theiv 
mtifflecl  up  from  the  cold  in   thick  n*! 
ruga.    The  meet  is  a  long  way  off  tv  : 
Tliey  are  gtartiug  botinie«  lo  go  to  cover, 

\v1  i  •■'  1  lie  not  flo  out  himfleUi  iuid 
havt  Mjyment  ]  He  has  beeu  penned 

iu  Hu  i  .  -  i  L  up  quite  enough  of  late.  He 
used  to  follow  the  hounds,  on  Iub  pony,  eomo- 
tlmcs  at  home,  on  the  alj'.  He  cainKet  {tcroas 
country  as  well  as  aome  of  them.  To-morrow 
ihe  meet  Is  quite  close.  Ah  !  but  then  there  is 
evening  chapel ;  supnuae  he  ehoidd  not  get 
back  in  timo  for  that  I  He  ia  i.ow  conij^elled 
to  attend  eterj'  one.  A  lucky  thought  ;  he 
will  get  an  "  tej^ratftl/'  or  memcal,  certificate 
of  illncHs.  He  kuowa  Dr,  Lifepill.  Dr.  Life- 
pill  will  give  him  one  in  a  moment.  He 
knocks  at  the  Doctor  a  door.  He  h^a  a  ^md 
oold — rheumatism — ^he  muat  lie  up  for  a  day 
or  two.  All  riffht,  it  tihall  go  iu.  He  is  oil" 
to  the  stable  and  ordei-d  hid  bor»e. 

I  fancied  a  young  man  so  situated,  looking 
ajTOund  him  after  a  while,  and  finding  hia  ex- 
peuses  increaaing  on  every  aide,  his  debt« 
^tliering  as  they  run  on.  Then  there  ai-e 
nnea  for  everything.  Everything  is  }>ecuniiirj'. 
A  fine  for  beiiig  out  after  diirk  without  hiB 
Cftp  iuiii  gown — a  fine  for  coming  in  a^fter  a 
certAtu  hour  at  night — a  fine  for  walking 
acroBU  the  maa-plota  of  his  College — a  fine  for 
evtry  time ne mi«se« chapel— «  fine  for  coming 
iu  late  to  an  examination — a.  fine  (I  have  been 
credibly  infonued,  and  have  never  heard  it 
contradicted) /ar  iwt  taking  the  Lord't  Supper. 
Then  the  charges  at  the  kitchen  of  his 
College  are  euorinous,  and  he  mtut  have  his 
provisions  from  tbeuce.  He  lias  aequired.  be- 
- '  1  •  -  •  1  rioua  tast es,  and  feel«  that  he  must 
I  m.  I  can  fancy  (indeed  it  does 
:.  .  .  .^  ,.re  a  ^reat  stretch  of  inrnglnatioD)  a 
young  man,  under  theae  circumstances,  going 
to  a  money-lender,  either  at  Cambridge  or  in 
London.  But  Imagination  followed  no  furtlier 
th(LQ  tlie  fearful  dwr  of  the  usurer,  and  what 
phased  inside  formed  no  pai  t  of  my  picturet 
simply  because  I  have  never,  myself,  tatl  the 

f;ood  luck  to  be  aequfonted  with  a  money* 
ender,  either  iu  bis  owm  htjspltable  mansion, 
or  in  society.  Neither  do  1  fancy  the  ruin 
and  the  misery  which  follow  fest  upon  an 
iiitix»duction  to  the  good  man.  These  are  not 
fancies,  but  dire  realities  which  we  have  all 
of  us  witnessed,  somewhere  or  other,  in  our 
time. 

There  is  one  more  scene  that  requires  our 
Attention.  It  is  his  htst  Term  at  College*  It 
is  nuw  so  Ions;  aince  he  has  made  a  practice 
of  study,  that  he  must  set  to  work  in  earnest 
in  order  to  gmn  an  ordinary  degi-ee — ^a  sad 
desceut  from  the  high  honours  that  his  father 
hoped  and  almost  felt  sure  that  he  would 


take  !     He  applies  to  Mr.  Crammer,    Mr^ 

t '« '.iinmei'  ia  a  cel^bnitid  "loju-h"  for  huey 

atupid  meji^  ej  i-j  own 

h  hiw  met  v  He 

w9  his   customers   periectly    wuii ;   he   m 

» e  that*  tidceu  from  tlieir  pi  pew  arnl  their 

,  the^'  are  like  fish  on    !  1  ;  tJie 

I  pent  in  which  theyluxuri;'  udeed, 

.-|'\-M--iiji  ikr,      and     such     lit'^'  ,.I',(a9     113 

I '  I  - '  "  1  li Jive  r+jiwvli  11  r  I L ,  -  " .  ^  ■/  away 

wiicu  HUMMuLt-iriL  to  the      '  other 

atmosphere.    They  ace*  round 

a  table  at  which  Mr.  Ci.t-  i   otfi* 

ciates  as  chairman.    Every  •  ur  his 

favourite  drink,  and  his  favou[  -o,    A 

**  gyp  ^*  is  in  attendance  to  Utk*:  ihv  oniers. 
EaciL  one,  In  liifl  turn,  construes  the  lesson  or 
dfcinonsti'ates  the  propo«itioii  a]>poinled  for 
I  the  day.  No  other  sound  is  allowed,  siive  and 
except  the  calU  for  liquor,    N  '        d 

to  leave  th*."  room,  or  lo  <Uisr  .^ 

ami  drinking  till  the  I«^     ^  » 

1  cone  the  round  of  tJie  \s  i  - 

bled.     At   the  conclusii  s 

of  Wtrning  under  dlffi«  1 

to  find   how   much   iiu  vc 

acquired  and  how  quickly  the  time  has 
'passed  by. 

I  But  even  Mr.  Crammer  ia  like  a  physiciiLD 
.called  in  to  a  hopekai  caae,  and  he  is 
Fluckkd  1 

I     So  many  great  writers  have  exhausted  thdr 
pMhof  upon  tins  fatal  event  and  its  ou&se- 
'  queuces.  our    book-Citses    contain    so    many 
\  vMictmataUeaujp  of  fi'antic  duns  and  de«i«^ 
I  rate  shuts,  of  weeping  parenU  und  contrite 
i  sons,  of  the  sgouks  of  miatttled  debt  weigh- 
ing upon  the  mind,  and  haim ting  the  midnight 
pillow,  dwelling  side  by  pide  with  the  law- 
student  iu  his  lonely  ci  -tending  by 
the  preacher  in  his   pii  <i.'  "P  like 
black  Care  behiuti  tlii    ti   i  '        '     ni 
unwiUhig  that  tho   [  ,  ii:j«  I 
up  iu  my  own  imix^^iLiitLiou,  oLuu                   v 
the  oontniat,  and — like  the  works  <  '                -u 
academician — be  stuck  away  <ii>t                    s 
it  were,  amidst   theae   gre^i'                         !. 
Experience  v^ill  supply  a  b*            ^            u- 
tion  than  any  daub  of  mine. 

Let  it  not  be  supi»oat-d,  however,  by  thoE© 
onaoquainted  with  College  life,  that  the 
career  which  I  have  indicated  above,  is  that 
of  the  majority  of  young  men.  ■  uf 

more  than  a  small, — I  wish  I  c<  itt 

inaicnificant  minority.  There  tired,  .^i...^,  u^ 
in  these  inattera ;  and  what  would  Lw?  a  lavfoJ 
expesise  in  the  ca^e  of  ouv,  .vuuld  be  an 
unpardonable  act  of  extnivagauce  in  another. 
If,  however,  onl^^  half-a  dozen  such  cases 
occurred  in  a  year,  it  wouU  be  time  to  ask 
whether  the  authoiities  are  doing  all  that 
they  can  to  guard  their  youthfijl  ch 
from  the  evils  and  temptations  which 
them.  Let  us  hope  that  tlie  Uuivei^ity 
mission  will  answer  this  questiou  ;  and  if 
be  really  any  unsoundness  in  the  Cuileg 
System,  propose  an  efficient  remedy. 


**  SLOPED  FOR  TEXAS. 


16» 


MoAOwhilC)  one  pcmbng  obwrvntion  may 

]^  r,^n>u     The  chiioea  from  »;hool  »<• .  oll.-..^, 

^straint*  of  iK.yhood  to  < ' 

ill-ffniwTi  man 'w.   ss  in-u 

stand,  nut^ly  too  marked^an* !  fftpid.     i  remem- 

l»ef  ill  my  own  ct<ae— biit  tfiat  la  manj  veara 

it  U  tnie — ^that    I   \ras  floggtMl   for   Dot 

Tj^w  tny  lessons,  not  many  week*  before  I 

.r  '  I   that  the  ti-ansition 

.ret  wflfi  mimediatej 

aj    k  ^^'^   '    '  i^ricvl,   too, 

wj>:  Lf  to  rea<il 

f  ,   ;ij  re,  seems 

1  could,  in  their 
Ti!  1  ud  with  perfect 

cnse,    the    nrn 
they  have  ultiisi 

to  obtain  the  Baclitlor  of  Aiti*  degree.  Fur 
th«e^,  two  jnewra  (according  to  the  siiggefttioti 
of  the  pres«it  tutor  of  Trinity  Hall)  WOTild  be 
att|>ly  etiffioient.  And  in  that  citse^  matters 
might  be  30  arranged,  that  the  young  man 
ihould  take  kis  degree  as  nearly  as  pn'ssible 
ft*  tV...  T«^nod  of  hui  coming  of  age.  But  I 
i  enough.  Ab  my  old  tutor  used  to 
I  )  me — poor  man!  he  Urtd  to  auch 

mn  extretne  age  in  single  l»Iefisednes»,  that 
there  are  wow  noTj<»  left  to  weep  over  him  but 
^  iin   which  the   eieeutors 

out,  and,  I  beliere,  never 
piui  [.»!■ — »is  luy  Old  tutor  used  to  say,  **  Wait 
till  you  are  youwelf  a  Fellow,  V>etnr©  you 
talk  of  Uni'relwty  reform."  So  that  it  is  of 
the  Fellows  that  you  must  nak  vh ether  the 
Fdlow«  have  not  too  little  work  to  do.  Wait 
till  you  are  a  Fellow  yourself;  before  yon  pre- 
iPOme  to  say  whether  the  Fellows  must  be 
made  to  reside  in  Cambridge.  Meanwhile 
you  and  I,  n  ndier,  are  not  to  have  an  opinion 
aboir  --r. 

Bv                  the  train  was  stoppm^.    The 
lownot  Yarmouth  was  in    '  '          *T  1 

©at  to  exchange  the  dre 
i&d  the  thick-eMuing  fancit-N  i.i  mi^  u.iiim,  ht 
the  realities  of  homely,  plodding,  every- day 
iife, 

CHIPS. 

"SLOPED  FOR  TEXA8.- 

Tms  ia  an  anawer  ffiTen  in  some  of  the 
States  of  Amezica  when  a  gentleman  has 
decamped  from  hi*  wife,  fi-om  hia  creditoi-s, 
or  from  any  other  reBpoiittl>ility  which  lie 
finds  ft  troublesome  to  meet  or  to  suppoit. 
Among  the  carious  instances  of  the  aiipli- 
,.r.+;..r.  ..f  ^iiia  plirrtae  is  an  adTenture  which 
to  myself. 

e  boast  of  the  bloods  of  the  State  of 
Itackinsack,  in  Arkatmas,  that  they  are  bom 
with  skins  like  alHgators,  and  with  stren^h 
like  bears.  They  work  hai'd,  and  they  ^y 
^liiuxL  Gaming  it*  the  recreation  most  in(5u1ged 
hit  WKi  the  gamine-houses  of  the  western 
part  of  Arkauaas  have  branded  it  with  an 
unenviable  notoriety. 

One  dark  «umnier  night,  I  lounged,  as  n 


mere  arpectator,  the  different  rooms,  watcliing 
the  various  games  of  hazard  that  were  being 
plHye<L  Some  of  the  pUyere  seemed  to  have 
set  their  very  aoula  upon  the  sbikea :  their 
eyes  were  hloodahot^  ajad  fixed^  from  beneath 
their  wnTikled  brows,  on  the  table,  as  if  their 
evos !  -d  or  woe  depended  thei*e  upon 

the  t  the  dice  ;  whilst  others — the 

fiuiahc!!  ttiacklegs  —  aasumed  an  indifferent 
and  careless  look,  though  a  kind  of  sardonic 
smile  playing  round  their  lipa,  but  too  plainly 
revealed  a  sort  of  habitual  desperation.  Three 
of  the  players  looked  the  very  counterparts  of 
each  other,  not  only  in  face,  but  expreesion ; 
both  the  ph}'aical  and  moral  likenett  waa 
indeed  itriking.  The  oth^r  player  was  a 
young  man,  a  Btmngei',  whom  they  call  a 
*  green  one,"  in  this  and  many  other  parte 
of  the  world.  Hia  eyee,  his  nose,  hw  whole 
phyaaognomy,  seemed  to  pi-oject,  and  to  be 
capable  of  growing  even  atill  longer. 

"  Fifty  dollars  more,"  he  exclaimed,  with  & 
deep-drawn  breath,  as  he  threw  down  the 
stake. 

Each  of  his  opiKinents  turned  up  his  cards 
coolly  and  confidently ;  but  the  long-visaged 
hero  laid  his  stake  before  them,  and,  to  the 
ajstonishment  of  the  three  professtonak,  won. 

"  Hurrah  !  the  luck  hiis  turned,  and  I 
crow  I "  he  cried  out  in  an  ecstasy,  and 
pocketed  the  cash. 

The  worthy  trio  smiled  at  this,  and  rccom^ 
menced  pliy.  The  ffreen  youn^  mnr  ''  -  '   :  j 
a  broad  but  silent  grin  at  his  gm 
and  often  took  out  his  money  to  co.;.,.  a  i^.wr, 
and  see  if  each  piece  was  good. 

**Here  are  a  hundred  dollars  more,"  cried 
the  sylvan  youth,  "  and  I  crow.** 

"  I  take  them,"  said  one  of  the  trio.  The 
youth  won  again,  and  ** crowed"  louder  tins 
time  than  he  did  the  first. 

On  went  the  game;       '  '  T 

won.    Grailually  the  roi! 
dwindled  down  to  a  three  or  lour  mi  a  >ii;ii>4^ 
or  so.     It  was  clear  that  the  gentlemen  in 
black  had  been  luring  him  on  by  that  best  of 
deooTB,  success  at  first. 

"Let  me  see  something  for  mv  money. 
Here  ^  a  stake  of  two  dolhrs,  and  \  crow  !  '* 
But  he  s^ke  now  in  a  ver^'  frdnt  treble  indeed,^ 
and  looked  penitently  at  the  cards. 

Again  the  cards  were  shuffled,  cut,  and 
dealt,  and  the  **  plucked  pigeon  "  staked  his 
last  dollai"  upon  tnem. 

**The  last  button  on  Gabe'a  coat,  and  E 
cr— cr —  ;  no,  I  '11  be  hamstrung  if  I  do  f  " 

He  lost  this  too,  and,  with  as  deep  a  curse 
as  I  ever  heard,  he  rose  finm  the  ^reen  board* 

The  apartment  wsjs  very  spadous,  and  on 
the  ground  fl«5or.  There  was  only  this  one 
gjuning  table  in  it,  and  not  many  lookere-oa 
Strides  m}nBel£  Thinking  the  gaming  w:i* 
over,  I  turned  to  go  out,  but  found  the  dour 
locked,  and  the  key  gone.  There  was  evi- 
dently something  in  the  wind.  At  all  events, 
I  reflected,  in  cajse  of  need,  the  windows  ;:re 
not  very  far  to  the  ground.    I  returned,  and 


164 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


C0tt»dmM4>i^ 


mtw  the  winneni  dividini;  the  spoil,  ruid  the 
iXK)r  ghora  *'  greenhoni, '  lewimg  over  the 
Dftck  of  their  chain's,  etaring  inteutly  at  the 
money. 

Thrji  tjotps  were  1  '  '  t  *,1y  sprejfkd  out, 
one  iifl^r  another.     '!  h  the  loaer  had 

8t.jiked  were  nyw,  (i  ,.  ...ii  the  pivea,  he 
BAid,  and  tlicy  were  svoiled  into  a  heap  dbtinet 
from  the  reat.  They  wore  twoHlollar^  thrptv' 
dolhtr,  and  tive-d*>]liU'  notes,  from  the  Indiaua 
Batik,  and  the  J5auk  of  CoJumbuH,  in  Ohio. 

"I  WiV,  Ned,  1  don't  think  these  notes  are 
iPCMxl,"  uaid  one  of  the  wlunci's,  and  examined 
tJiem. 

**  I  wbh  they  wore  *nt,  and  I M  crow,"  cried 
out  the  hmer,  vefy  rhoii-fallen,  at  hi*  elbow. 

Thi»  simple  sneech  IilIUmI  the  ftu«piciona  of 
tJie  tx>«nter,  ana  he  rcaumed  his  couuting.  At 
last,  as  he  t4x>k  up  the  hist  noU%  and  eyeing 
it  keenly,  he  exelainiedf  in  a  most  emphatic 
manner,  "  I  *ll  be  hanged  if  th«y  are  genuine ! 
They  are  forged  !  " 

**  No,  they  an't !"  replied  the  loser,  quite  as 
emphaticflJly. 

A  very  opprobrious  epithet  was  now  hurled 
at  the  klter.  Ue,  without  more  atio,  knocked 
down  the  speaker  at  a  blow^  cafiaized  the 
table,  which  nut  out  the  lights,  and,  in  the 
next  instant,  darted  out  of  the  window,  whilst 
a  bullet^  fired  frtjm  a  ijistnL,  cracked  the  pane 
of  glasm  t)ver  hie  head.  He  had  leaped  into 
th«  emaU  court-yard,  with  »  wooden  paling 
round  it.  Tlie  winners  daahed  towaros  the 
door^  but  found  that  the  "green  one"  had 
aeciircd  it. 

Wheu  the  three  worthies  were  convinced 
that  the  door  would  not  yield  to  their  efforta, 
and  when  they  heard  their  *'  i^ictim  "  gallopijiK 
aw*)',  they  gave  a  laugh  at  the  trick  played 
tbetn,  and  returned  to  the  table. 

"Strike  a  Ught,  Bill,  nud  let's  pick  up 
wlmt  note«  have  fallen.  1  have  ue^irly  the 
whole  lot  in  my  pocket-" 

The  light  Boon  made  its  appearance. 

"  What  !  None  on  the  tlin.r  1  Capital ;  I 
think  I  must  have  th<*iii  all  in  my  jjocket, 
then  :*'  saying  which,  he  drew  out  the  notes, 
imd  laid  them  on  the  table. 

**  Fire  and  Fui-ies  !  TliL'se  aro  the  forged 
uoteB  1  The  raacal  haa  whipped  up  the  other 
heaj)  I  " 

Wliile  Jul  this  was  going  ou  I  stepped 
tow^ards  the  window,  but  had  not  stood  there 
long,  before  I  heard  the  clanking  boofa  of  a 
borae  beyond  the  ualing,  and  a  snout  wafted 
into  the  room — "  Slofied  for  Texas  !  " 

The  woj*8t  part  of  the  story  renmiuB  to  be 
told :  it  waa  my  horse  on  which  the  rogue 
was  now  galloping  off. 


WO  PE  JAKEISO  AND  ITS  FEATHER-FLOW EltS. 

We  derive  the  foUowing  Chip  from  the 
manuscript  journal  of  a  traveller  : — 

On  we  ruatled,  ateadily  jia^aing  and  answer- 
ing the  hail  from  the  forts  that  crown  the 
sock,  and  emerged  into  San  SebaBtian  Bay. 


Wliat  a  V  i.nJl  I  forget  it.     An 

mlaud  L-iL  mIp"^  in  circumference, 

stretched   Kl'  1  with  ships  of 

every  clime.  A  arid  Stars  of  the 

Great  liepul>hr  ;  (u^-  ii-i'.i<li'r  >-i'  tli.-  myid 
sailor.  Joinville  ;  my  heart  u.n  l  !.►  fh« 
British  Union  jack  beneath  the  luiu  I  piixlaut 
of  an  admind.  Hundreds  of  canoe«  manned 
by  negroes  in  scanty  costimie,  glided  swiftly 
over  the  placid  wat«r»,  plying  between  the 
ships  and  shore  ;  in  front  rofte  the  white 
city  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Churches  and  con- 
venta,  and  tall  warehousefi,  backe«i  up  by 
mountains,  all  covered  with  the  richest  tropical 
vegetation,  save  wheiij  the  bare  j»eak  of 
Corovado  toweretl  above  ail.  A  sky  of  that 
clear  intense  blue  only  seen  in  the  tropica, 
framed  this  matchless  panorama.  The  oua- 
rautiue  boat,  pulled  by  twelve  negroes  in  white 
canvaa  shiru  without  sleeves,  and  drawers 
reaching  to  the  knee  only,  first  reached  and 
examined  us. 

On  landing,  it  was  impossible  not  to  be 
struck  by  the  crowds  of  black  boatmen, 
childish,  submissive,  and  gay ;  the  Europeans 
with  ghastly  white  faces,  white  broad- 
brimmed  Panama  hats,  white  Jackets,  shirts, 
and  trowsers,  hurraing  about  rafiidly  ana 
earnestly  amon^  the  huiguid  deliberation  of 
thp  tawny  Brazilians. 

Threading  my  way  through  a  wildemesB  of 
hogsheads  or  sugar,  and  bags  of  coffee,  I  entered 
a  long  ati^eet  oi  lofty  white  houses  ai»d  green 
jalou&,  undrained,  ill-paved,  and  never 
cleaned.  Before  I  had  gone  many  yards,  I 
WM  startled  by  a  strange  compound  of 
sounds  of  rattling,  singing,  and  groaning; 
from  a  cross  street,  prancing  r4:)und  the 
coraer,  came  a  hideous  half-naked  black ;  in 
hi^'  hand  he  held  aloft  a  sort  of  gigantic 
«vtcker  hour-glass  full  of  stones,  shaking  and 
waving  this,  like  a  drum-major  in  front  of  his 
regiment,  in  regular  time  to  a  song,  part 
words,  jmrt  grunts,  part  groans :  he  led  the 
way  capering,  fifty  n^roes  followed  in  single 
tile,  some  more  hideous,  barl^arous,  and  un> 
efiTthly  than  any  I  ever  before  beheld  ;  esAh 
cjUTied  on  bis  bock  a  huge  bag  of  coiTee,  and 
tdl  ijined  in  an  unearthly  chorus.  I  irt4>od 
tnxnstixed  with  amazement  until  they  diu4>> 
peared  like  a  procession  in  a  pantomime; 
surprise,  diaguat,  horror,  pity  for  these  poor 
beast*  of  burden,  overcame  me.  Next  I  en* 
cuuutercd  an  enormous  ne^rea^  a  pei'feot 
tuountain  of  black  flesh,  in  a  blue  cotton  robe^, 
with  a  red  and  yellow  cotton  hftndkerchief 
round  her  head,  garnished  with  large-headed 
gilt  pins  and  strings  of  many-colourai  lieads 
as  a  necklace.  She  carried  a  basket  full  of 
tempting  fruit,  ftinilinv  the  goofl-humoui^ 
smile  peculiar  to  Africans,  she  invitetl  mo  by 
signs  to  select  something  from  a  stock  of 
oranges  and  bananaa.  Oh,  after  A  sea-voyage, 
salt  meat  and  no  fresh  vegetable  for  many 
weeksi,  what  a  treat  it  was !  The  oranges, 
full  of  juice,  and  cold  ss  ice,  were  more 
delicious  than  any  thing  I  ever  l«fore  tasted  i 


-CAPE^  SKETCHEa 


165 


hut  whether  it  wan  the  s^ipetite  or  the  fruit 
ihaX  wns  so  superior,  I  know  not. 

The  fruits,  the  flowera,  the  birds  exposed 
for  feile,  werv  all  ma^ificent ;  but  the  city  of 
I  ier  tiian,  ami  very  inferior  to 
e,  or  Marseillea. 

1)11  uiv  luiiowuic  du.y  after  a  very  bad 
dinDer  on  at^jikis  which  it  would  be  a  libel  to 
oompar  "  *•  L\..>i,^K  i...,s:...t^^3ji^  I  went  to 
the  c>  ^  for  9ome  of 

lier  fe:4.- :.  „  .:,:.,_.  i- few  manulhc- 
tOTM  ectabUshed  in  Brazil*  In  a  long  lofty 
room,  opening  on  a  verandah,  I  found  the 
mistreas  of  the  est4i.blishment,  a  well-dressed, 
coquettish  Frenchwoman,  seated  in  the  midst 
of  at  lea»t  forty  iprls,  of  all  ages,  from  ten  to 
twenty,  and  of  all  colours,  fr<Mn  jet  black  to 
til  '  -kade  of  mixed  blood  ;  some  of  them 
f.  |»retty,  and  all  attired  in  very  be- 

ctiiuiii^  LUiritumes.  Baskets  full  of  feathera, 
eadi  0?  some  colour  and  shade  of  the  richest 
dyes,  were  arranged  down  the  centre  of  the 
ioom«  Fix>m  these  their  nimble  iixtgers  were 
engaged  in  fasluoning  exact  repreaentatunui 
id  the  moat  gorgeous  tropical  flowers,  aa  well 
M  rosea,  carnations,  tulips,  cameiliaa,  and  all 
tlie  garden  ^vourites  of  Europe.  Beside  the 
hftsketa  of  feathers^  all  around  hung  perches 
and  cngea  containing  parrots  and  other  birds 
of  gi*eat  TflJue  even  in  Brazil ;  numbers  flew 
about  the  room  like  tame  pigeons,  and  every 

tw  and  then  there  was  a  regular  chaae  and 
'fiutti'i .  vvlien  the  httle  muUttoea  had  to  pluck 
M-r  from  a  living  subject  to  finish 
u  1  of  a  queen  or  a  princess.     In  a  de- 

testttiiie  countiy,  Madame  Finot's  bright  bii-ds 
and  merry  girls  are  almost  my  only  pleasant 
lUection. 

«CAPE"  SKETCHES. 


i 


Thbre  is  an  old  Gape  proverb  which  is  not 
all  encouraging  to  new  comers.  It  pro- 
it  to  be  a  land  of  "  flowers  without 
birds  without  song,  and  rivera  without 
It  is  indee<l  true  that  the  Indigenous 
flowei^,  varied  and  beautiful  aa  they  are,  i&re 
almost  destitute  of  odour ;  though  of  course 
those  which  have  been  transplautetl  from 
other  dimes  retain  their  origmal  perfume. 
T'  Mt*s  of  birds  of  lovely  plumage  and 

V  izv,  are  almost  innumerable;   but 

*n.u  iM.  u  chii^nug  is  incessant,  not  Ason4fia 
ever  ht^arJ  in  a  C!aj>o  wood.  With  regard  tu 
rivers,  immeniie  channela  are  to  be  seen  in  all 
parts  of  the  country,  which,  if  filled  with 
water,  would  form  noble  stxvama  navigable 
for  hundreds  of  miles,  yet  many  of  themliave 
never  a  drop  of  water  in  them  (except  what 
may  collect  from  the  rain  in  hollows),  and 
otliers  are  mere  bubbling  brooks  at  ordinary 
times,  though  enormous  roaring  torrents  after 
a  thunder  storm  in  the  distant  momitaius, 
from  wher-    ''       '  ke  their  rise. 

We,  in  i  ive  not  much  to  boast  of 

in  the  w;v,    ..,    igable   streams;  but   we 

know  Little  of  the  want  of  water  for  agricul- 


iHTu]  or  manufactming  purposes.  "  A  never- 
fiiiling  spring  "  of  water  on  a  Cape  farm  is  a 
great  attraction  in  an  auctioneer  s  advertise- 
ment, and  though,  probably,  the  said  spring 
may  be  a  miserable  little  ai^ritr,  it  will  at  lea^ 
double  the  value  of  the  fiirm  that  possesses  it. 
Artesian  wells  are  much  talked  of,  but  I 
never  knew  of  one  being  sunk.  Even  common 
wells  are  rare,  though  in  almost  every  place 
water  is  foand,  when  bored  for,  at  no  great 
depth  below  the   surfaoe.     On  a  great   pro- 

Sortion  of  farms,  the  stock  and  tlieir  master 
epend  entirely  on  the  supply  of  water  fnDm 
the  clouds,  collected  in  the  "  vle\*s,*'  or  pcmds 
dug  on  their  farms^  A  glass  of  this  water  is 
exactly  the  colour  of  pea-soup,  and  if  you  are 
"a  freshman*'  in  the  colon}^  yon  wiU  fee! 
considerable  hesitation  in  putting  it  to  your 
lips ;  yet,  when  you  come  to  travel  much  in 
the  land,  you  will  often  have  to  long  in  vain 
for  the  luxury  of  such  a  draught. 

I  was  travelling  over  towards  the  north- 
east of  the  colony,  and  for  eighteen  honrB  my 
ox&n  had  tasted  no  water.  The  poor  brutes 
were,  consequently,  so  faint  and  wearv,  that  I 
began  to  fear  for  their  lives.  Still  it  wa» 
necessary  to  urge  them  on  that  we  might 
come  to  some  oasis  in  the  desert  Suddenly, 
the  whole  span  of  a  dozen  set  un  a  i  '       r 

their  tails  straight  up^  and  dasnei) 
the  waggon  at  a  gallop.  My  fir^L  iu.,u^j,fc 
was  "  a  Sou,"  and  I  seized  my  double-barrefled 
mm  to  make  ready,  but  in  a  few  seconds  my 
lean  were  allayed,  for  right  a-head  of  me  lay 
a  large  **  vley ''  of  water,  to  which  the  cattle 
were  making  at  their  best  speed,  and  inta 
which  they  dragged  the  wagon,  and  slacked 
their  thirst  without  waiting  for  the  ceremony 
of  being  outspanned.  Tliey  had  scented  the 
water  long  before  they  could  see  it  We  had 
previously  passed  several  empty  **  vleys,"  dried 
up  from  the  long  drought. 

A  compensating  provision  of  natare  giv<M 
to  the  part  of  the  colony  most  expos^  to 
drought,  a  succulent  little  birch,  growing  Wt 
tufts,  like  the  knots  of  hair  on  a  negro's  head. 
It  is  called  "  Karoo,"  and  is  a  substitute  for 
grass.  Cattle  which  feed  on  this  herb,  scarcely 
require  water :  but  animals  coming  from  the 
grass  country  do  not  relish  it,  and  will  not 
touch  it  for  a  long  time.  I  have  lost  cattle 
in  consequence  of  this  want  of  education  on 
their  part. 

The  Price  of  IaUtd  ^iiries  in  different  putr 
of  the  colony  acconiitig  to  its  situation  in 
reference  to  the  marketa.  Perhaps  the  ave- 
rage price  may  bo  state^l  at  about  eight  to 
ten  shillings  per  acre.  Thus,  a  farm  of  two 
thousand  acres  is  worth  from  eight  hundred 
to  one  thousaAcl  jioondB.  It  is  generaUy  sold 
at  a  credit  of  one,  two,  and  three  years — the 
purchase-money  in  the  meantime  bearing 
mterest  at  six  ^r  cent  (the  legal  interest  oi 
the  colony).  Farms  are  seldom  of  a  lew 
extent  than  two  thousand  acrtes  :  oocasionftUy 
they  are  much  Urger.    They  may  also   M 


( 


\ 


HOITBEHOLD  WOBI>S. 


li 


£U1I1,  Wrur 


ior  t'^a.mple,  it  Ih  nitugHt  Lnif»oiiailil«  U^  )^ 
tQod  wool  oil  fkrnid  bordering  on  the 
The  character  of  a  farm  ia  aiw.i_\8  well  kDowni; 
■o  th«i  by  niaJcbg  proper  eo<^tijries„  a  pur- 
chmer  mav  alwavs  avoid  bong  deceired. 
Newly  ftm\'ed  oolomut*  are  wary  apt  to  be 
attracted  by  r^retty  sceoerr,  and  toe  park-like 
appeanmoe  of  many  parts  of  the  colony  ;  but 
it  ir.v.,,M^ii*ly  happeoA  that  the  spots  moit 
tl  natund  beauties  feed  the  beat 

hi-  e  farmers  find  H  nseesmaij  to  have 

the  f»rm8  at  a  cnusiilerable  distance  unom  each 
other,  in  order  to  aflbrd  their  stock  a  change 
of  pasture.  Thia  b  occasioiiaUy  ceoenaiy,  for 
another  r«aftnn.  It  often  happena  thai  a  farm 
v.i  Ik  rive  admirably^  and  produce 

1>  wool,  ia  situate  in  so  dry  a 

di>iriri,  iiiHi.  Ill  the  heat  of  summer  there  is 
not  flidfioient  paBturage  for  the  stock. 

A  farm  of  two  thouttkod  acres  will  support 
about  the  same  number  of  aheep,  and  a  bun- 
drtsd  head  of  cattle,  honiM,  Ac^  which  in  a 
&ir  farming  stock.  Probably  the  owner 
would  Ihv  out  about  thirty  or  forty  acre«  in 
^iden  ground  and  agriculture. 

The  Price  of  Sbikp  antirely  depefnds  on 
the  breed  to  which  they  bdbn^.  The  original 
Cane  Sheep  ia  a  perfect  cuiioBity  to  aatmoger, 
and  ia,  in  met,j£radual]y  beeomtQg  Mntse  in 
tke  Colony.  Woolied  sheep  vniy  in  pHce 
from  five  ihillinga  to  twenty-dve  Bhiuin^t 
each,  according  to  the  quality  of  their  wool, 
A  hir  average  price  for  good  woolied  sheep 
of  the  Merino  creed  is  about  ten  shillings 
€ttoh.  Thorough-bred  laios  are  very  valuable, 
many  of  them  being  worth  fnum  thirty  to 
fifty  guineas  each. 

There  is  not  much  vanation  in  the  Pbioss 
or  Cattle.  They  cost  about  two  pounds  ten 
ahillings,  or  three  pounds  each  for  cows  and 
working  oxen ;  about  four  pounds  to  four 
pounds  ten  ahillings  for  fat  slaughter  oxen. 
The  oowBi  however,  do  not  yield  nearly  one 
half  the  quantity  of  in  ilk  that  id  obtained  from 
them  in  England ;  uqt  do  the  oxen  furnish, 
by  any  mean^  such  fine  or  rich  beeC 

Horaui  ftfe  vety  cheap.  For  all  ordinary 
porpoBiB  you  may  purchaae  excellent  hor»e» 
TOT  eewn  pounds,  ten  pounds,  or  twelve  pounds 
each.  If  you  winh  to  have  something  smart, 
well  groomed,  and  in  firat^fate  condition,  you 
may  have  to  pay  twenty  pounda  to  tweuty- 
fiye  pounds.  But  all  above  Meen  pounda  may 
be  raaarded  as  mere  /ancy  prioea.  They  tre 
wonderfully  strong  and  hardy,  and  their 
powers  of  enduraiioe  are  immense.  Sixty 
miles  in  a  day,  with  no  other  food  than  grara 
and  Witter,  ia  a  Tety  ordinary  jonmey  for  a 


'  vrry  his  ridei'.     I  once  started  on  • 

rh  four  horB43a — one  of  theni  ridden 

•    'her  let!  by  me,  a  third  rid  ^n 

and  the  fourth  (carrjin"^ 
,   ...1  by  him.     I  was  very  iiukL 
I   time,  suid  had  two  hundred  and 
niUce  to  accomplish.    I  completed 
y,  with  the  same  hoTRea  (chxinging 
4  from   one  to  another)   in  four 
not  one  of  the  four  nags  was  nearly 
1  when  I  reached  my  destination,  as 
1  nave  generally  found  my  hunter,  hi  England, 
alter  m  ten  or  twelve  miles  burst  acroas  the 
country  with  the  houada.    I  mtist  observe, 
however,  that  I  obtained  good  forage  for  them 
every  day*    Not  one  of  thera  had  cost  me  ten 
pounds,  and  ih*  hardiest  of  the  lot  only  four 
poonda  ten  shiUinge !      The   &vmirite    tra- 
veling pace  is  a  kind  of  easy  ambJe,  and,  with 
an  occasional  walk,  averages  Uttle  more  than 
fix  miles  an  hour, 

I  could  not  advise  any  one  to  oommenM 
Shssp  FARMfKO  in  South  Africa  with  leas 
than  one  thousand  five  hundred  ^Kjunds 
capital,  imleaa  he  is  nrepared  to  undergo  very 
great  privations.  Ifi/A  that  capital  be  might 
make  a  vety  Uir  start ;  of  course,  only  hiring  a 
farm  at  fizvt  No  man  should  oommence  with' 
out  six  months'  experience  in  the  Colony, 
which  time  be  ahotdd  employ  in  via? ting 
fanners,  who  m  always  delighted  to  receive 
him,  fraqiMBtiBg  the  markets,  fitudying  the 
character  of  the  natives,  and  picking  up  Imd 
Ihitoh.  He  should  then  be  very  careful  in 
his  selection  of  a  farm,  taking  care  to  vinit  it 
in  the  dryieart  aeaaon.  He  had  better  not  pnr- 
chase  the  most  expensive  quality  of  sheep,  m 
any  loss,  from  mismanagement  or  otherwise, 
would  fall  too  heavily  on  a  beginner.  Let 
liim  be  content  to  tnve  seven  anillings  and 
sixpence  to  ten  shiilings  a-piece  fot  them ; 
ana  buy  a  few  rams  at  ten  pounds  each.  A 
wagon  wiU  cost  him  seventy  or  eighty 
pounds;  and  a  span  of  oxen  thlrty-fiTe 
pounds;  a  hoTM,  saddle,  and  bridle,  about 
eighteen  poumds  ;   and  beyond  thi     ^  '1 

only  require  a  plough  and  two  or  i 
cultural  implements,  whicV  ^-^  "-'i^  !..,  -  ..._._4> 
enongb.    It  he  is  a  bach^^^i  nestic  fur* 

niture  will  coat  him  someLi  _  nitesimally 
small.  If  he  is  a  married  man  he  will,  if  wise, 
take  what  he  requires  with  him  from  Bngland. 

I  abail  conclude  theee  aketcbes  with  such 
observations  as  my  experience  suggests  to  be 
useful  to  SETFLERa.  Let  me  commence  by 
saying,  that  there  is  scarcely  a  trade,  or  an 
art,  a  knowledge  of  which  is  not  useful  to  a 
colonial  settler ;  above  all  things,  let  him 
know  bow  to  hundle  carpentcr^s  tooUi,  for  he 
will  often  find  such  knowledge  put  him  in 
poneasion  of  a  dosen  little  oomforU  which  he 
would  not  otherwise  enjoy. 

It  is  remarkable  that  aome  of  the  most 
suoceasful  farmen  in  South  Africa  are  men 
who  were  originally    "Cockneys."      On  tha 


\VHVr  PEOPLE  LET  LODGINGS. 


W 


1  hand,  maoy  wUo  w«&re  farmera  in 
4  ud  bare  £ddied  to  «<4Uial  tlie  to^iism^n 
111  their  iucceaa  Perliajw  the  caiwe  of  tlm 
4ipj}ar£!Ut  anomaly  b,  tliKl  the  former,  beiag 
niwrl y  ignorant  of  the  agricultural  or  pdietonu 
artgL  before  arriving  in  the  Colouyj  have 
stuaied  them  as  pnhctlsed  iu  the  coimin*  they 
dwdi  m ;  while  th^  othera  £'incy  they  know 
all  ahout  them  b^forehimd,  pursue  their  own 
8Tst«in,  &nd  land  that  what  uuiwered  ill 
Ebglaud  fails  in  Africa. 

HtiX'k  of  all  kiudd  feed  on  gtnsa  ftlone  tiH 
the  year  rouiid>  Sht^][)  are  turned  out  of  the 
r.M'(tbe  "kraal*'  it  id  called)  about  tea  or 
'  u  in  the  mornings  and  are  diiven  to  their 
jjuolore  ground  by  the  herdamsii,  who  reuiaiiia 
with  them  all  day,  driviug  them  home  iiffaiii 
H  little  before  euo^^t.  Except  couutiBg  tbem 
out  aud  counting  them  into  th«  kraal  morn- 
ing and  ereuiog,  the  aheep-iarmer  hojs  no 
trouble  at  all  with  his  stock ;  unless  during 
the  shearing  or  lambing  season.  The  con- 
0equ«3koe  is,  tliat  the  youmr  gentleman  a  apt 
U>  set  •xoeediikgLy  lasy,  and  to  fall  iuto  other 
bod  habita,  iu^ead  oif  cultivating  his  mind 
and  a  garden,  and  ndoti^  goodly  fruit  in  both. 
SorvanU  follow  the  example  of  their  master, 
mad  become  good  for  nothing. 

Many  farmen  fall  into  such  indolent  habits 
of  mind  and  body»  that  they  have  not  even 
the  eooi^  to  amuae  themaelycs,  or  to  im- 
proTO  their  daily  fare,  by  shooting  some  of 
the  gnxae  with  which  their  farms  abound. 

Fortunate  is  the  settler  who  takea  with  him 
some  gooil  Engliah  servants,  who  are  suffi- 
eiently  atta4?hed  to  his  person  to  remain  with 
kim  liter  his  arriyal  in  the  oolouy.  I  have 
known  many  instances  where  men  have 
brought  out  their  own  ser\'ants,  supplying 
thetn  with  good  outfits^  and  paying  their 
ftasBi^  money,  and  have  been  deserted  by 
them  within  two  months  of  their  reaching 
the  Caf>e— the  servants  faxurjring  they  could 
'*  better  tbenuielves,"  or  speculate  on  their 
own  account.  The  consequences  have  gene- 
rally been  annoyance  and  disappoiutment  to 
the  master^  and  no  good  to  the  servant. 

ScrvMits  and  labourers  of  all  classes  (both 
male  and  female)  are  constantly  spoilt  by 
their  evO  asaoeiatioiks  and  their  bad  manafle* 
jnent  on  board  emigrant  ships.  I  ouc«  saiMd 
m  one  myself^  and  a  viler  oonglomertttiAa  of 
UgfnffSB  and  immorality  I  never  beheld  •vvoi 
in  St,  Giles's,  or  any  ue^^bourhood  where 
curiosity  has  tempted  me  to  search  for  siidi 
acenea.  This  subject  is  too  extensive  for  me 
to  enter  upon  here  \  but  there  is  one  sugges- 
tion I  would  make-'that  every  emigrant  on 
board  ship  should  have  some  daily  task  to 
T^*'^'  *""  "^nd  only  receive  his  mtiMis  on  con- 
;  4  being  done  properiy. 

^„,.v  ii  one  comfort  wnerewHh  every  in- 
lending  CBaigraat  should  provide  himaelil  He 
may  \*e  gave  that  he  will  take  nothing  dse 
m  valuable  to  him  in  ever?  sense, 
live  fifty  miles  from  his  neighbours ; 
ehouli  his  alfiurs  prove  occasionally  leas  pros- 


perous than  his  hopes ;  should  his  servants 
desert  him,  and  he  be  obliged  to  work  with 
luj»own  iKmda — in  a  word,  wliatwver  of  good 
or  ill  may  be^l  him^  he  will  tind  this  the 
most  valnkble  of  all  his  puasessions — a  Wife  1 


WHY  PEOPLE  I^T  LODGENGS, 

Tbb  oontrivanoes  and  struggles  of  what  the 
vulgar  call  '^  gentiUty  ^'  to  make  two  hundred 
pounds  a-yeaj'  psfis  for  five  hundred  per 
annum,  rank  with  the  tragedies  of  large  towna. 
Star\7itiou  for  a  mouthy  aud  a  sumptuoua 
festival  four  times  a  year :  a  white  satin  di«s 
for  the  muther  of  ragged  children:  a  bone 
of  mutton  for  the  family,  and  grouse  and 
for  visitors :  hired  plate  for  state 
and  Britannia  metal  for  ordinary 
service.  Such  are  among  the  shifts  and  con* 
trivanoes  of  ''poor,  but  genteel"  eetabliah- 
menta.  The  cold  mutton  is  contentedly 
swallowed,  when  seasoned  with  the  comforting 
convictiou  that  the  Tomkinees  over  the  way 
beiieve  three  oooraes  and  a  dessert,  are  the 
daily  comforters  of  the  family.  The  genteel 
do  everjithing  for  other  people.  They  never 
see  with  tlieir  own  eyes^  but  through  those  el 
their  neighbours.  When  Mrs^  Jones  smrveya 
her  best  carpet,  it  is  not  with  her  own  sigh% 
but  with  that  of  the  Preecotts  next  door, 
and  the  rest  of  her  habitual  viaitora.  *'  Insa- 
tiate vanity  "  and  a  foolish  fear  of  the  world 
are  the  mainsprings  of  this  miserably  &lae 
condition  of  things.  It  is  one  of  the  wontt 
results  of  an  adoration  of  gold  : — ^it  is  a 
oonsequenee  of  that  stigma  which  is  too 
generally  attached  to  poverty  in  this  country. 
It  is  a  result  of  tluit  teudency  of  mooey- 
worahippers  to  look  at  a  man's  waistoont 
rather  than  his  actions — to  his  niatecial 
ions  rather  than  to  his  moral  worth. 
IS  A  more  considerable  person  in  the 
of  the  world  who  poaseasea  fifty 
than  he  who  is  a  paittem  of  fifty 
virtues.  This  being  eo^  we  do  not  wonder 
when  we  detect  the  existence  of  an  univei^al 
system  of  hypocrisy  on  the  subject  of  riches ; 
and  a  wish  to  appear  well  before  the  world- 
whatever  the  world's  standard  of  excellence 
may  be^^will  always  form  a  marked  trait  in 
the  national  characWistics. 

There  is  a  Aishion  in  virtue  as  in  dress,  and 
now,  unhappily,  the  vii-tue  in  vogue  is — 
wealth.  To  l»e  fashionable  in  this  respect  a 
thousand  sacrifices  ar0  daily  made;  ^oasy 
clothes  are  liiu^l  with  sackcloth.  ETervthw 
is  made  for  show — ^to  counterfeit  wealtn.  U 
is  a  race  to  escape  from  the  stigma  of  poverty ; 
and,  in  the  crowd,  the  mtRionaire  is  not  die- 
tin^iishable  from  the  begginff4e4ter  writer. 
The  advertLsing  columns  of  the  daily  papers 
are  crowded  with  painful  insrtanoee  nt\1nTT.>-£H'e 
su^ring;  but  in  no  part  of  theee  j 

we  find  such  tmequivocal  sympttu  ue 

struggles  of  poor  "  gentility "'  as  m  that  where 
peo^e  who  let  lodgings  advertise  the 
tions  of  their  respective  houaeholda. 


168 


HOUSEHOLD  WOM)S. 


It  is  obaervftble,  that  not  two  in  a  hundred 
«f  the  people  who  lot  hvimugs,  receive 
lodgers  for  the  sake  of  aiJdin^  to  their 
incomcn  Thi'v  »cf»m  such  a  merccnjiry  cori- 
sid'tf'nittun.  Tlieir  house  is  too  Urge  for 
then)  ;  they  are  auxious  to  tuhl  '*  a  few 
com)«:iuioim  to  their  sociiU  circle  ;  ""■ — or  they 
let  their  njiartnientd,  '*uot  fur  the  sake  of 
emuluniont,  but  to  nie<»t  with  a  reeqMCtahle 
nl."     People  wlio  let  lodgings  are  invari- 

\y  ti;ecuBtome«I  U*  the  lughest  society,  and 
ttoi  give  the  moat  imprefisive  referenct^a  The 
Altnwtioiis  they  otfer  are  overwhelniiiig : 
^y«!uni  ciii\  he  nothing  in  coinp«.riBon  with 
the  coiiiforU  to  h*?  hat.!  in  an  lalinxton  firat- 
flo<ir,  nt  filleen  shillincii  per  week,  ^fhe  most 
fiistidiouB  must  Ape«aily  be  accouunodated. 
It  must  be  a  real  ptetutore  to  appropriate  one's 
first '6oor  to  a  genteel  tenant,  aince  emolument 
b  never  sought  by  **  people  of  the  highest 
respectability." 

liow  hapjiy  people  in  lodginga  must  be ! 
They  may  be  "surrounded  with  all  the  comfort* 
of  home  Without  its  cai*e«"  atanominaJ  rat*  of 
payment ;  they  are  at  liberty  to  join  ^'  a  cheer- 
luf  mit«iici»l  circle,"  where  "  rent  is  a  minor  con- 
wdemtion  ; "  they  may  direct  their  luggag* 
to  a  serene  e&tabliahmeut  **  where  there  are  no 
chililren,  or  any  other  nuiiianees,'*  upon  pro- 
miaing  to  i>ay  ^'  the  quiet  and  Henous  lady  of 
the  house  no  more  tlian  the  mere  weekly 
of  twelve  ahillings ;  and  it  m  their 
fiiult  if  they  do  not  catch  at  **  an  oppor- 
tanity  which  Beldom  occom"  of  ensconcing 
th  euiBel  ves  in  a  turn  i  ly  where  there  are  '*n  o  oth  er 
Ic'"  '^  ...,,]  where  a  man-»er\'ant  ia  kept." 

li«»  let  lodgings,  in  addition  to  thair 
hi;_i  ^  lability  and  carclesBhess  rb  to  the 
payment  of  rent,  are  frequently  prodigies  of 
teaming.  Conceive  the  cultivated  utate  of 
that  circle  whence  o\xr  DJiktive  language  ii 
banisKiMl,  and  "  FVeoiok  i»  the  tongue  daily 
spoken  at  tuble."  IxxIgingTs  mny  not  unire- 
quently  l*e  securfii  in  a  houtie  that  ia  attended 
by  the  best  profensorB  of  everj'diHtijic't  branch 
of  learning,  where  le»soria  in  Hebrew  and 
c:r.j.*4< — together  with  bt»ot-eleaniug — are  in- 
.  in  the  unusually  low  terms  of  one 
t  per  week.  Thia  magnificent  offer  is 
usually  made  for  the  sake  of  se>curing  '^afellow" 
student  for  the  advertiser's  son;'*  ofcourse,  the 
guinea  per  week  it*  merely  a  nominal  matter. 

Some  let  hxlgings  only  to  present  ad- 
vantages to  har>py  lioehelora  and  maidens 
**  deprived  of  a  iiome/*  For  thirty  shillings 
weekly,  it  is  possible  to  rent  a  iirst  floor  in  a 
highly  reimectablc  nei^dilMjurhood,  of  partiL« 
whtjise  **  religious  principles  are  in  strict  cou- 
fofmity  with  the  Est^^blishtHl  Church."  The 
beatitude  of  occupying  pai-lour»  underneath 
High  Church  ^)eoi>le,  ia  t+Kt  evident  to  need 
&  i*yllabie  of  elucidation.  There  are  also 
lodgingletting  widows^  whnw  only  wish  is  to 
lift  the  responsibility  of  housekeeping  off  the 
fihotdders  of  ''a  respecUible  bachelor  or 
widower/"  and  with  a  touching  self-sacrittce 
to  place  the  bui-den  upon  their  own  back ; 


h  T    -  ^  -if    hoosekeepers,   who  devote   theix 

ition  to  their  IcKigers,  to  the  exdu- 

ty  other  earthly '■"''^'■''^'"♦'■■v  •  nnJ 

I  A  the  lowest  ]  f^'r 

v   ^  young  ladies"  me." 

Wonifl  cariuot  atlequat«ly  tiescribu  the 
splendour  and  the  beauty  of  some  of  the«e 
homes.  ''They  are  otiered  to  a  homeless 
public  because,  being  furnished  in  th<^  hund- 
somest  mauuer,  with  particular  V' 
comfort,'*  they  are  too  gooil  for  the 
who  ia  too  well  off,  and  bcnevoleuLlv  wirtru-s 
to  share  his  domestic  bliss  with  a  lens  for- 
tunate individii,(l  "wln^j.  references  wiU  bear 
the  strictest  in  n  "     Such  domiciles 

often  command  •  and  varied  sceneiy  ; 

they  are,  without  exception,  in  the  mo^ 
faahionable  locality;  they  are  lofty  and  well 
ventilated  ;  they  have  all  liern  i-ecently  fitted 
up  ;  onmibuflcs  pass  the  do<»r  every  five 
minuti's  ;  and  they  are  throughout  scnipu- 
lously  clean.  They  are  Utopins  of  eler^mioi^, 
comfort,  learning,  morality,  and  respectability. 
No  wonder  marriages  are  on  the  decrease  in 
a  country  where  a  hachclor  may  hire  a  para- 
dise, kitchen  fire  includetl,  for  a  mere  trifle. 

What  a  devoted,  self-sacrificial  race  must 
the  loti^ng-house  keepers  of  London  be  ! 
Tlieir  virtues  defjr  computation.  Tliey  offer 
splendour,  the  highest  Tespectability,  morality, 
music,  French,  and  natural  soHcitnde,  at  the 
lowest  possible  figure;  for  "money is  no  object." 
They  are  too  genteel — too  tumy  in  their  cir- 
cumstances for  cash  to  be  to'  them  of  the 
slighteat  coDsequence.  No,  they  odveillso 
their  virtues  and  their  splendour,  for  the 
Samaritan  pleasure  of  ndniitting  stnaigers  to 
be  partakers  of  their  good  fortune. 

We  have  gathereu  this  little  history  of 
people  who  let  lodgings  from  their  own  modest 
autobiographies,  as  we  find  them  in  tha 
advertising  columns  of  the  momint?  pnpers. 
It  nmy,    perhaps,   vindicate    t^  -ned 

clasa  of  |)ei-»*f ins  from  certain  ]  '  t^ry 

generally  entertained  against  lipm.  i  tuple? 
to  whom  rent  is  no  olij^ct,  will  ui>t  purloin 
port ;  a  serious  family  will  not  appropriate 
a  lodger's  |:K)nmtum  ;  no  eheeriul  musical 
circle  can  entert-ain  a  particular  rcganl  for 
their  lodger's  lumps  of  sugar ;  no  High 
Church  famUy  would  peep  into  their  lodger  a 
tea-caddv  ;  and  certainly  no  housewife  whoso 
maternal  solicitude  can  be  had  a  bargain, 
would  think  it  proper  to  appropriate  her 
adopted  cliild's  bi*eaa-and-butter.  Therefoi'e 
the  colunmies  circulated  to  the  prejudice 
of  jjeople  who  let  hMJgtngs  shoidd  J>e  ex[K>std, 
and  the  authors  of  them  be  held  op  to  public 
obh>quy.  Peojtle  who  give  and  exchange  the 
highest  references,  and  who  let  their  best 
rooms  for  the  pleasure  of  Uving  in  the  kitchen, 
and  not  with  any  idea  of  emolunienf ,  would 
not  st«»ij>  to  ii**ti-y  thefts  of  the  above  mean 
and  det4^8tjd)le  description, 

Tlina  the  cause  of  people  who  let  lodgings 
may  he  vindicated.  Their  lodginss  are  letj 
and  tlieir  gentility  is  not  compromsaed. 


rnkhikbs^M  ilMOa««.}l«.  mir«ma<w«  HfOTi  J»ar«*.SuM4    frmtr*  W  BauavaT  *  Itui^  frMl«Mm»  Uiiifc 


**  Familiar  in  their  Mouths  as  HOUSEHOLD  WORDS  "— 8uAitwric««. 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 

A    WEmiY   JOURNAL 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


NOM.] 


SATUEIDAY,  NOVEMBEE  16,  1850. 


[Piuc*  2<i. 


YIEWS  OF  THE  OOUNTBY. 

Will  you  be  saved  or  roiued  !  asks  Tom 
Dolorous,  who  Lis  a  theory  on  the  condition 
of  tho  couiitr}^  Tom  with  a  portentous  look 
caa*ries  hiA  hftuda  behind  him^  aad  aaka  Great 
Britttiii  which  hand  she  wOl  have ;  in  one 
he  ciu'iiea  min,  in  the  other  salvation  \  both 
very  much  at  her  service.  "Poor  mouldy 
creature/'  Tom  cries  to  his  country^  'Hhero 
you  go,  like  the  botanist  who  tells  of  himself 
m  the  moist  valley  of  Nepaul :  a  walking 
frame  for  Mucedine®.  There 's  one  variety 
of  mould  ui)ou  your  liat,  xmother  on  your 
shirt,  another  on  your  coat^  one  on  your 
knapsack,  another  on  your  boots  (ye^i,  one 
upon  the  upper-leather  of  your  boots  and 
quite  another  on  the  soles) ;  an«^l,  if  you  take 
your  telescope  to  get  a  sight  abroa<i,  there's 
a  new  species  of  mould  upon  the  glass  to 
hinder  you.  O,  my  poor  country,  ai^er  me 
to  clear  these  growths  away  !  ^* 

Tonrs  measures  of  salvation  are  extremely 
And  go  no  farther  than  the  scrap'mg  of 
ition's  outward  man.  NowBobiSla^is 
^uil^J  a  diifeient  reformer.  How  sweet  are 
hirks,  Bob  meditates,  and  who  can  turn  away 
from  oyaters.  Here  ts  a  nation  with  rude  inati- 
tutlona  calling  itself  civilised,  but  it  admits  of 
vast  improvements.  Permit  me,  if  you  please, 
to  taku  in  hand  this  rude  hog  of  the  state, 
and,  after  Roman  fashion,  I  ^^ill  make  a  Trojan 
Pig  of  it.  Casting  away  its  vulgar  entrails 
I  will  have  it  stuffed  with  thrushes,  larks, 
beccA^cos,  oysters,  nightingalea,  and  othei- 
pleasant  things ;  I  wiU  have  it  bathed  with 
wine  and  unctuous  gravy.  Bob  becomes 
enthusiastic  in  dilating  upon  the  advantages 
of  his  ref^irm.  Whereas,  Will  Perfect  says  it 
is  Incomplete.  It  will  not  do,  he  says,  to  scrape 
the  outside  of  a  nation  that  requires  to  be 
reformed,  or  to  neglect  the  outside  while  we 
tear  out  the  mistcies  which  lie  within.  He 
would  compare  Great  Britain  to  a  pippin. 
In  the  first  pbce,  we  must  peel  the  pippin, 
and  then  we  must  cut  out  the  core. 

But  we  put  no  faith  in  any  man  vho  says 
we  must  be  saved  or  ruined.  In  our  humble 
o^nion  that  noble  animal  who  (in  company 
with  the  smnXl  end  of  a  wedge)  is  so  well 
known  to  British  audiences,  the  British  Lion, 
is  a  worthy  beast,  with  many  faulte,  but,  on 
the  whole,  magnjimmouB.    Let  us  discusa  this 


Jiueation  quietly,  and  with  our  feet  upon  the 
ender. 

Perhaps  there  is  no  better  guarantee  or, 
peace  and  progress  to  this  country  than  the 
freedom  of  the  Press.  Opinion  is  King  oi 
England,  and  Victoria  is  Queen,  Every  nhaao 
of  opinion  speaks  through  some  book  or 
journal,  and  is  repeated  widely  in  proportion 
to  the  hold  it  takes  upon  the  public.  Govern- 
ment is  the  representative  of  wnatever  ojjiniona 
prevail  j  if  it  prove  too  perverse  it  ialls, — 
ministers  change,  without  a  revolution.  Then 
too,  when  every  man^s  tongue  is  free,  we  are 
accustomed  to  hear  all  manner  of  ^ild  sug- 
gestions. Fresh  paint  does  not  soon  «iazrTe 
us ;  we  are  like  chddren  lavishly  supplied  with 
toys,  who  receive  new  gifts  tranquilly  enough. 

la  King  Opinion  an  honest  ruler  t  x  es. 
For  the  Snglish  people  speak  unreservedly 
their  thoughts  on  public  matters,  and  ai'e  open) 
though  it  be  with  honourable  slowness,  to 
all  new  convictions.  We  must  add,  however, 
as  a  drawback,  tlrnt  the  uneducated  class 
amounts  to  a  distressixig  number  in  this 
coimtry  in  proportion  to  the  whole.  It  forms, 
as  lon^  as  it  is  ignorant,  a  source  of  protit  ta 
designuiff  specumtors.  Nonsense  is  put  into 
the  mouths  of  men  who  mean  no  evil,  but  who 
sincerely  desire  their  own  improvement.  Truth 
ia  muniere<l,  and  her  dress  is  worn  by  knaves - 
who  burlesque  sympathy  with  workiiig-meE^ 
for  selfish  purposes.  The  poor  man's  sincere 
advocate,  at  last,  cannot  speak  truth  without 
LQCurring  the  suspicion  of  some  treasonalUe 
purpose  against  honesty  or  common  sense. 
The  very  langua^  necessary  to  be  used  in 
advocating  just  nghta  sometimes  becomes  as 
a  pure  stream  betoulod  by  those  who  have 
misused  it. 

Therefore,  in  England,  the  imeducated 
classes  aiTive  slowly  at  the  privileges  which 
they  must  acquire.  They  are  impeded  by 
false  friends ;  but,  even  false  friends  are 
not  able  to  delude  them  beyond  a  certain 
point.  Among  us,  for  example,  even  the  most 
Ignorant  well  know  that  there  ia  no  field  for 
a  vul^  revolution  against  such  a  monarch 
as  Opmion  makes.  Arguments  must  be  used 
for  barricades,  and  we  must  knock  our  neigh- 
bours on  the  head  with  facta ;  we  must  tii'O 
newspaper  articles  instead  of  cannon-balls, 
and  use  colloquial  banter  for  our  small  shot. 
In  aU  disputes  an  English  citizen  has,  fur  his 


WQU  U* 


r 


w 


N 
^ 


170 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS, 


lCDDi}ue<*d  ir 


li:it  it 
-..ul 


cw  li- 
the 


Iftst  appeal,  Opinion  *,  m  a  citiaan  of 

ROI:  IT. 

a  niition's  mouth.  ruidl! 
has  to  auy,  will  Im?  iii«, ..,,.. , 
bilt^'U.  The  untiou  will,  sonic  <fay, 
and  make  amends  for  evon-  luir 
Btraint  with  lusty  ehoutiuj^. 
tinental  states  which  snil 
Il^volutious  of  1M8,  Tv^T^  Boiiw*  in  whiob 
the  ]K;opl«  liod  less  of  social  evil  to  com- 
plain of  than  we  have  in  England  ;  bnt 
they  TTcre  fretted  hy  jtolitical  refltriationR,  by 
a  ayatem  of  espial  wliioh  tabooed  all  conr^ 
tion  uiKUi  j»ublic  matters  Ijefore  any  str.' 
ami  itiey  were  glad  unough  to  get  u.  .. 
tongues  at  liberty.  Adam,  the  old  trndituuvs 
Bay.  was  niatle  of  eight  jwands  : — a  |M>nnd  of 
earth,  his  flesh  ]  a  pound  of  fire,  his  blooti ; 
a  ptmnd  of  cloud,  his  instability  ;  a  pound  of 
graw*  (how  that  wa«  weighed  the  legeml  s,*iyeth 
not)  hia  Btature  ;  a  pound  of  bloissont,  his  eyes  ; 
A  pound  of  tlew,  hia  sweat ;  a  pound  of  aalt, 
hia  tears  ;  and.  fbmllf,  a  ixjund  of  wind,  Iuh 
breath.  Now  GoYeniment^  which  don't  allow 
eadi  man  hia  fiound  of  wind,  get  themselvea, 
sooner  or  latrr,  into  certain  trouble ;  tor, 
wheu  the  wind  does  come  at  laat  (which  it  is 
inre  to  do),  it  cornea  in  a  atorm. 

The  freedom  an<l  the  power  of  Opinion  in 
"England,  have  given  an  importance  to  the 
press  which  is  attached  to  it,  as  a  direct  ngimi 
in  producing  social  reforms,  in  no  other 
r  1  country,    'llie  jounialist  Iajb  every 

s  of  fiM?t«  before  oU  people  capable 
I J  the  adult  who  haa  learnt  only  to 
1  read,  acquires  his  rt^maining  educa- 
[....  -  •'.'»   .i..^..i..  .K!e   in  amount — from 

V  Bentham,  speaking 
]  J 1 13  rites  by  which  it 

waa  intended  to  exorcise  evil  spirita,aaya  very 
tinily,  "  In  our  days,  aud  in  our  country,  the 
satme  object  is  obtained,  and  beyond  com- 
fiariaon  more  effectually,  by  so  dieap  an  in- 
•tmntent  as  a  common  newspaper.  Before 
ibi«  iaJimnnn,  not  only  devils  but  ghosts, 
vampires,  witches,  and  all  their  kindred  tribes, 
are  driven  out  of  the  land,  never  to  return 
^gttia  1  The  touch  of  Holy  Water  is  not  so 
illlolerftble  to  them  aa  the  bare  amell  of 
SH^ter^  Ink.'' 

Whfti  can  a  man  leajo  liy  skimmingthe 
QdvqiApers  and  journals  of*th«day1  Why, 
in  the  northern  seaa  tlierc  floata  a  very  httlo 
tihn  of  oil,  where  wludea  or  seals  have  been. 
So  thin  a  film,  no  bird  could  separate  from  any 
wave,  yet  there  are  blixU  who  become  grossly 
fat  on  no  other  nourishment.  The  storm 
petrel,  or,  in  the  Fai-oeeo  phrase,  Motlier 
C!ftrcj''fi  chicken,  akims  the  surfitee  of  the 
troubled  water,  till  the  feathers  of  it-5  bn*^p<t 
arc  ch.'iiv^crl  w  ith  ull  ;  xuid  then  feeds  heailily 
on  tl  tod    Avast  nutnber 

ofh<»  lull  over  the  dehator 

and  the  discusisur  of  the  newspaper,  like  storm 
pulrel.^,  and  thrive  upon  wlud  akimminga  they 
tetain. 


Since  the  pres  ii) 
free  (and  many  of 

was  not  '    '     '"     * 

more  |ir' 

Wtt  hai. 

we  are  rHiiv :  n-.  ■ :  ■ 
not   all    fii    I    aivav. 

poaito.     We 


h,;dly 


the  din 


hl.^  \ 

of  ti. 


^t  a  strong  gtis|iicion  of  our 
lndivW!ti?tl  fallibility;  new  facts  come  out,  and 
(I  is  I  oiBlpiks  in  an  une3Epet»ted  light. 

W«  ir  opponents,  when  they  dcsei'^rej 

re8jH?ct,  aijri  on  the  whole  ar<  '    "  I  , 

Of  conrae,  our  views  in  i  oflaa 

icd  by  our  sense  of  p^i^  t,  but 

111   In   nothing    very  won  that; 

.,  ;^Lure  intends  man  to  cry  >  l  shoe 

pinched  him.     But,  there  is  i  1,  oon- 

cerning  social  que«tiona»  n  d^  i  .ar  all 

that  can  be  said  about  them  ;  to  li^»)erate,  if  not 
to  respect,  conclusions  that  op|)oae  our  own; 
a  reatrmess  to  seek  for  the  lignl  course,  and  a 
desire  to  follow  it. 

Into  religion,  unl  "  l.ia  gjjirit  of  tole- 
ration has  not  yet  fVir  tolerance  has 

made  a  clog  of  wbiiJ  ^■.i-m  i.w  W  n  "-      tir 

exertion,  ao  that,  of  late  yeai-s,  il  i^ 

necesvary  to  teaoh  even  8u*l»  <  l 
trinea  as  chanty  and  the  fiiv^  r 

religion,  by  the  direct  voice  c  r  r. 

The  free  press  has  strength  io  ' 
tariaa  pride,  as  it  hAs  am^^y  d« .  i.* 

bigotry  of  party.  That  is  a  work  of  Ume. ;  at 
preaent  we  may  be  content  to  know  how  much 
work  has  been  done.  There  is  a  readiness  in 
politics  to  find  out  and  to  follow  right,  there 
IB  an  active  spirit  of  n  nniping   up 

daily  a  lai^ge  flood  of  i  u,   which  is 

not  poured  out  in  vain.  i.,^.  ,.ae,  we  tran* 
quiUy  content  ourselves  with  the  enutinna] 
jwocTess  which  this  countrj'  mrdces,  and  ha^** 
no  faith  in  any  man  who  tells  us  (lud  it  must 
be  saved  or  ruined.  There  is  a  pirtaie  in  tha 
Navifl  Stultorum,  of  some  men  \ir\io  go  out 
fowling,  each  with  a  goose  ujion  his  wTist. 
The  gentlemen  who  sport  these  mi n-c*r- salva- 
tion crotchets,  fowl  with  the  wrong  bird  also, 
we  imagine. 

Hence,  we  have  no  fear  ab<>ut  the  country;  we 
know  very  well  that  great  ixrforms  ^^^  •  'i'«.itd, 
but  we  believe^  ateo,  that  after  en  fy 

has  been  well  talked  about,  and  b  i  iy 

comprehended,  the  relbnns  will  come.  The 
most  pressing  want  of  our  community  is  educa- 
tion. There  are  eight  millions  of  us  who  cae 
neither  read  nor  write  ;  and  mor^ » h^n  h.^lf  our 
children  are  now  growing  up  t  '     >d  fuid 

womonl^ood    without    aaai^:  i    the 

school   Of  those  among  us,  \\  1 1  and 

write,  a  large  number  arc  tao  edu- 

cation they  have  had,  to  ih*  i...,,.i  „,  more. 
Even  our  wealthy  classes  cAunot  secure,  very 
easily,  for  their  own  children  more  than 
a  comparatively  useless  Iralniui^,  since  four 
out  of  five  schools  are  conducted  on  a  systeoL 
fasbionable  in  the  iniddte-i^es,  and  icjnorethe 
greater  part  of  what  has  since  become  the 
wisdom  of  the  world. 


VIEWS  OF  THE  COUNTEY. 


171 


It  b  A  fpK&t  |>ity  that  nny  ouan'cl  &boat 

!f»dn<-ti-inAtKJn  into  creeds,  bIiouIq  impede  edu- 

Everybodv  vho  bas  iater- 

u  ktvows  tluit  they  jure  in- 

c^iiarui    (>i  uii'  '     r  *^    r.'— -  aubtletiecu 

'e  iDAV  put  .imd  make 

fi..^...  r.-.ii  ;,}>r,ui. ,    ,....-.-,,13  wc  may 

1  J  k  f  it/j  ;  but  they  can  no 
i.i  I  act  >rnso   I  Lt   of  the  woixU  than 

sAVour  iv'jm  the  etones  ;  nor  are  we  aJble  to 
compel  them  so  to  do.  Nor  hare  we  any  need 
to  eagfiffe  in  the  ho]^1eea  trial ;  with  the 
record  of  the  life  and  lessons  of  Christ  lying 
ready  to  our  handB,  and  HIb  own  Prayer^  an 
etenial  model  to  ns  in  it«  grand  simplicity. 

Bnt  there  ia  someihiiig  else  whicn  may  be 
worth  considering. 

Before  the  French  devolution  of  178J),  the 
feadal  S3^em  prevailed  throughout  Europe. 
All  land  was  the  property  of  m-eat  proprietors 
who  weTe  the  lords  of  a  hmdlewt  pe««autry. 
In  France,  the  Revolution  overBct  that  state 
of  things  ;  and  land  waa  made  attainable  by 
people  of  all  claasea.  Napoleon  in  conqiieiitig 
some  continental  nations  gave,  as  a  boon,  to 
please  the  masses  of  the  oooQueied,  this  free- 
trade  in  land.  Others  wiUtngly  and  deli- 
berately adopted  the  new  principle  as  an 
advance  upon  the  feudal  system.  So,  the 
Prussian  Government,  under  two  Frusdan 
Peels,  the  ministers  Btein  and  Hardenburg, 
i&tix>duced  the  system  of  small  properties  in 
181 1,  and  laid  the  ibundatiou  of  a  social 
fWbric,  the  strength  and  excellenoe  of  which, 
we  arc,  just  now^  beginning  to  comprehend. 
Thus  it  happena,  that  since  the  great  French 
Bevoliition,  the  feudal  eyBtem  of  ownership 
in  land,  Ima  been  superseded  in  France,  Ger- 
manv,  Holland,  Switzerland,  Lombardy,  the 
Tyrol,  Denmark^  Norway,  Belgiiun,  a  great 
part  of  Italy  and  America.  It  is  rt^tained 
only  by  ^Kigland,  Ku^ia.,  and  some  of  tlie 
worst  governed  portions  of  the  Austrian  Em- 
pire.  Lot  us  coarader  whether  we  have  not 
hed  upon  another  drawback  to  the 
1  oats  upon  which  Englishmen  have 
just  vL^t  to  congratulate  their  countn'. 

Sir  William  Manor  is  a  large  lande^i  pro 
prietor,  whose  estate  is  his  own,  to  do  witli 
ever>'  acre  of  it  ss  he  ple«MB ;  that  is  to  say, 
he  holds  in  fee-«imn]e.  He  has  no  children ; 
but»  to  preserve  the  dory  of  his  honse,  he 
makes  a  settlement,  before  he  dieS|  in  favour  of 
two  nephews,  Montague  Johnes,  aeed  twenty- 
three,  and  Villiera  Wilkinson,  agpd  six.  Mon- 
tague Johnes  is  to  be  heir  to  his  estate,  which 
Montague  Johnes  is  to  use  daring  his  life- 
time to  let  and  have  subletted,  to  moi-tg-.i^e 
or  sell,  but  not  to  alienate  from  the  family, 
beeansc  it  has  been  entailed.  When  Montague 
Johoes  dies,  Villiera  Wilkinson  becomes  sue- 
oeBBor  to  the  whole.  Into  a  vsjiety  of  com- 
pUeated  relations  Villiers  Wilkinson  may 
«ltsi\ — lie  may  sell  tlie  land,  but  hit  power  of 
cads  with  his  life ;  the  whole  estate  must 
when  he  is  dead,  without  the  dimi- 
unticm  of  aa  acre,  unto  Hugh  Toi^bobbean, 


Hugh  Tombobbean  was  a  luaty  child  of  one 
year  old  when  the  entail  was  settled,  and  he 
was  made  the  tliird  man  in  the  list.  Hugh 
Tombobbean  reigna  after  Villierg  Wilkinaon, 
and  must  have  all  the  land^  but  must  not 
alienate  it  until  he  shall  have  n  son  who  shall 
attain  the  age  of  twenty-one.  In  the  a«lult 
son  of  Hugh  Tombobbean,  one  entail  eirnrea, 
and  the  estate  may  then  l^e  sold,  if  Hugh 
Tombobbean^s  son  desire,  and  if  all  other 
persons  named  in  the  entail  be  willing,  anil  if 
no  other  person  named  in  the  fir5?t  settlement, 
(and  l>eing  dead),  has  left  Ijcliind  hi»n  n  bomioBt 
which  sh5)  provide  for  the  ch    '  of  this 

most  interesting  game.    Ifn  Uout  a 

settlement,,  the  property  gtR-s  iniuivitied  to 
the  nearest  heir,  l^ch  individuftl  in  an  en- 
tail may  bargain  with  his  property  to  the 
extent  of  his  own  right :  and  so  there  niriiscii 
a  great  legal  game  of  hide  and  seek,  a  moRs  of 
Uws,  and  contingencies,  and  poeaibilitieftj  and 
impossibilities,  and  shades  of  title  to  a  ptuk  or 
a  potato  ground,  wliich  nobcxlv  can  fathom 
but  a  lawyer  who  has  made  such  matters  his 
especial  study — and,  very  often,  not  even 
he.  So,  people  buy  land  at  a  risk,  who  buy 
it  on  the  word  of  a  seller ;  the  seller  himself 
may  not  know  what  claims  and  rights  beyond 
Ilia  own  can  be  established  on  it.  So,  gieat 
estates  are  kept  together,  by  a  system  ol>- 
vioualy  uiyust.  If  great  estates  be  worth 
preserving  in  this  country,  as  we  lielievo 
they  are,  in  the  hands  of  solvent  pro- 
prietors, they  may  remain  for  ever,  or  by 
monied  men  they  may  be  got  together.  But, 
it  is  pretty  certain  that  they  are  h/irdly  worth 
maintaining  by  a  system  so  little  in  niiiaon 
with  the  politics  or  morals  of  the  nineteenth 
century. 

Land  differs  from  other  propert;-  ' '"  ' vis- 
much  as  we  know  the  utmost  po^  il 
of  it.  Flocks  can  increase — more  -  „  Lkj 
collected  and  be  coined — more  wares  can  be 
manufactured ;  but  after  we  have  tuinwd  to 
use  our  millions  of  waste  acreage,  and  liave 
reclaimed  a  few  more  acres  from  tne  sea,  there 
Lb  no  more  land  to  lie  got,  and,  therefore,  it  is 
all  the  more  essential  that  no  portion  of  the 
soil  we  have,  should  l>e  placed  out  of  the  reach 
of  human  dealings.  It  would  l>e  le^  mis- 
chievous to  entail  forks  and  a{>oons  than  poL» 
and  furlongs. 

Let  us  suppose  Mr.  Walkin^^ame,  a  shop- 
keeper, aideti  by  kw  on  the  entail  nrinciple,  m 
an  attempt  to  perpetuate  the  family  respecta- 
bility, lie  settles  his  furniture  and  lunety 
pounds  on  Jones  and  Wilkinson.  Jones  may 
De  idle  and  extrava^nt ;  but,  hi.«i  furniture  is 
entailed,  and  no  Imiliff  can  seize  it.  He  may 
spend  every  farthing  of  his  money ;  but,  at  his 
death  ninety  pounds  have  to  come  back  to 
Wilkinson.  Wliy  need  we  pursue  the  |Mfc- 
rallel  ?  Laws  of  this  kind  may  give  to  the 
fortnnes  of  individuals  a  sickly  buoyancy,  but 
thej  are*  in  fact,  injurious  to  all  whom  they 
affect  (except  the  myrmidons  of  law)  ;  liks 
the  unwholesome  waters  of  the  Dead  Se^i 


178 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS, 


fCMktoeMltr 


•■' -tM  in  no 
Growth 


tbev  ffUHtiiin  a  swimmer  on  the  sarfnce,  thoj 
innkH  Bifikii)^  diflRcult ;  but,  a  cleiLr  hike  of 
JT  1  iaticated  element  is  much  to  be 

1  HI ;  ^-  (irawbficks,  we  hrr 
ill-hurnoiired  or  disheartf: 
xiiu»tl  be  gradual,  we  lintv 
not,  for  a  long  time  ]  i 
In  our  own  time,  we  ni.v  r  ^  ij  ^1 
in  vilhigca  and  towns  ;  we  may  »e«  land 
civising  to  be  spell-bound,  saleable  by  those 
who  amirot  nmke  A  use  of  it,  .and  purchjL»eable 
by  tbfir  fnendB  who  can — we  may  get  titles 
f     '  '  d  and  proved  for  half-a-crown. 

\  1 1  en,  fnhftU  see  Chancery  abusefl 

Iju.  ;ijiimj  -  ii.'  tiliAHitiy  k'geuds  of  the  past. 
Every  new  adainnjent,  poiuts,  and  will  al- 
vn.H  i..Hi>t,  to  something  else  beyond.  We 
H'  11   and   proBjM-r,  so  long  aa  we  are 

ill  ;  and  tonlay  we  afv  in  earnest.  The 

civiiiifCil  world  has  not,  in  all  paat  hiatory, 
A  period  upon  which  to  look  back,  bo  full  of 
human  hofie  arising  from  the  thoughts  and 
deettn  nf  iiaiionii,  as  our  own.  Men  have  begun 
!  '        lud  each  other;  and  they  qiiarrelj 

tl  leas.     Let  UB,  in  En^lan<l,  do  onr 

puiv  ,  MM  us  find  out  our  faiiftj*  and  mend 
them,  wliile  we  are  modestly  conscious  of  our 
inerita.  No  theory  will  save  uh  or  ruin  uu, 
but  "i)hjce[)t  must, be  upon  precept,  precept 
upon  precept ;  line  upon  line,  line  upon  line  ; 
here  a  HttU  and  tbeix*  a  liltle."  We  may 
then  go  upon  our  way,  advancing,  with  tjoiet 
confi^noe. 


lyehowth' 

^t   by  a  J 

.  with  hero  ;itia   nit'io   m-i^ht 
en  paint  ]>ortal  and  a  whitened 


WHAT  A  LONDON  CURATE  CAN 
DO  W  HE  TftlES. 

TuE  jjoyment  of  sixpence  at  the  London 
station  of  the  BlaclcwaJl  Kail  way  secures 
not  only  a  firHt-clnas  ticket  for  the  Shad- 
well  station^  but  the  m-ivilcgo  of  looking 
from  the  carriage  window  into  the  apart- 
ments of  all  tho  upper-floor  inhabitants  be- 
tween Fenchurcb  Street  and  the  st^'ition  in 
St.  Geortre's-in-the-Eafit  ;  the  Kailway,  aa 
«  I  '    kwall  sailor  and  every  Black  wall 

at^>r  knowB,  ninnint,',  like  a  giant 
l>i,.n.  ..a..-iuortar  wall,  straight  througli  the 
huUdings,  on  a  level  with  many  of  their  roofs, 
and  permitting  the  passenger  to  look,  like 
Aamodeus,  into  the  aiugy  tenements  of  this 
Ea«tem  region.  A  few  minutes  suflBce  for 
the  journey,  and  ntepf^ing  from  the  train,  the 
paiiBenger  deseends  a  stiine  stair,  to  find  him- 
self in  the  parish  of  St.  Goorge^s-in-tht-East, 
A  district  which  could  not  be  more  full  of 
contrasts  l-o  ita  nameaake  at  the  other  ex- 
tremity of  the  moilern  Babylon — St.  George's, 

^•""  '    '    "^  ' r^ — ^if  it  were  forty  infitead  of 

<  < .    The  honses  in  the  Eastern 

^      •   ^  te  almost  all  small,  and   the 

fitreet*  and  alleys  form  a  sort  of  labyrinth — 
a  tingled  web  of  dingy  structures — ins  and 
outs^  and  twisted  meshes  of  lane  and  alley^ 
having  only  tlie  one  feature  in  common, 
that  feature  telUng  of  poverty — not  always 


squai 

for   ; 

or  d- 

Ryni[ 

door-t^.i-iM 

of  a  population  I 

the  outside  of  111 :  ..... I 

a  street  or  tw o,  contammg  the  Bhoiis  of  the 
chief  traders  of  the  place,  in  whieli  s'lgnn  of 
more  affluence  may  be  detected ;  but  within 
this  crust  lies  one  mass  of  almost  tmre<ieemed 
poverty — a  jwipulation  of  very  nmny  thousand 
soula^  located  upon  a  very  few  acres  of  ground. 
Scores  of  housea,  of  six  rooms,  holdmg  six 
famihea ;  wores  of  housea,  of  five  rooma,  nold- 
ing  five  families  •  hundreds  of  houses,  of  four 
rooms,  holding  four  families  each.  "Time 
was,"  said  an  old  inhabitant  of  the  spot, 
when  the  people  could  get  two  rooms — one  to 
live  in,  one  to  alecp  in.  But  the  e\ictii*ns  at 
the  west-end,  and  other  circumgtances,  have 
80  increased  the  numbers,  that  rent*  have 
risen,  and  the  people  can  affoni  but  one  r»x>m. 

Such  a  spot  offers  bo  few  attractions  fn  the 
class  who  are  able  to  choose  a  l^  i 

thcmaelvei^  that  there  are  no  resi<1 
tn  the  place.  Thoae  who  own  th* 
live  away  from  it.    There  are  no  )  I 

housea  offering  a  contrast  to  the  sui:  ...  ;;..,^ 
ix)verty  ;  no  wealthy  people  who  may  l»e 
rwked  to  lend  a  little  help  to  their  poorer 
neighboura  One  in  evei7  fourteen  of  the 
whole  jjopulation  of  the  parish  are  paupers. 
Surely  such  a  spot  offers  few  induceni'  t  f 
for  its  selection  au  a  place  of  |>ermimeut  td -  ■  i.\ 
Yet  here^  some  years  dnce,  came  a  hojartui, 
zeolouB,  hard'Wijrking  man,  who  seeing  and 
feeling  the  wants  of  the  neighbourhood^  went 
single-handed  to  work  to  sec  what  gofnl  in- 
tentions, backed  by  )»erwivcrance,  could  do  in 
a  hand  to  band  fig^it  with  poverty,  ignoraneo^ 
iiirt,  neglect,  and  crime. 

Twenty  years  ago,  the  then  roctor  of  St. 
George's-in-the-Eajit,  was  a  Doctor  of  Divinity 
of  the  old  schfMil,  whose  pride  it  w.as  to  leave 
the  world  at  large,  and  his  own  iMirish  in  par* 
ticulm-,  just  w^here  he  found  it  The  iluHt  and 
the  modes  of  past  times  should,  he  thuught, 
be  preserved  m violate,  and  hence,  tK<»ugh 
ignoitincc  9tA.lked  through  his  parish  un- 
challenged, save  by  the  feeble-  .  <r,ni-t.:  .,i"  .  i  ,i 
small  charity  school,  he  lived 
troubled  by  any  idea  that  pop i.  /:■ 

should  be  promoted  among  the  liock  ot  a 
Loudon  rectcjr.  The  jiatronage  of  the  living 
was  the  gilt  of  hia  college,  and  with  him  it 
was  a  refigioua  duty  to  leave  things  aa  thejr 
were.  The  worM  let  him  live  quietly,  why 
should  he  disturb  the  world  ? 

One  fine  day  the  rector  found liinv^'  '^  - 
out  a  cumte,  and  as  the  done  « 
poverty  .stricken  streets  of  his  pai  .,.  ..t 
every  year  many  hundred  tenants  for  the 
parish  grave-vard  ;  and  aa  the  young  men  and 
women,  notwithstanding  their  povei-ty,  would 
be  young  men  and  women,  and  made  tip 
amongst  them  scores  of  matnmomai  matcbea 


WHAT  A  LONDON  CnBATE  CAN  DO  IF  HE  TRIES. 


m 


I 


in  the  tArelvt?-month  ;  aud  as,  moreover,  imiu- 
T,i..i-.M.-  llirh'  t»l..l..-;  ..f  affection  hutl  to  be 
r  space  of  time,  the 
working  man."  The 
frit*n<is  oi  tij»j  ructor  pasa^d  from  one  to 
Another  the  ilemand,  "  Wanted— n  Cui'ate  ; " 
Init  curates  soejuol  io  know  what  aort  of  a 
Msu:e  HL  George 's-in-the-East  must  be^  and 
the  aitmctions  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds 
a  jaur  -IS  the  reward  for  burying  a  little  army 
of  d.     '  Iiic^  no  end  of '"'  happy  couples, ' 

jwd  -  nundreda  of  young  cocknem 

did  ..  VV...1.  a  crowd  of  applicants  for  tne 
vacant  post.  Days  ran  into  weeks,  and  the 
rector  lelt  desperate.  The  grave-yard  was 
dank  and  clayey,  and  air  blew  coldly  through 
the  inasts  and  ligy^g  of  the  ahippLng  moored 
in  the  Thaniea  and  the  docka,  and  amongBt 
the  smoky  chimneys  all  round  about.  The 
perpetual  iteration  of  the  services  was  more 
liiborious  than  chimed  with  the  idea  of  the 
rector,  and  "  Wanted — a  Curate  "  became  day 
by  day  a  more  pressing  necessity  of  his  caae. 
At  bv^t  n  stray  letter,  explainii^  the  reverend 
gentli  luiui'a  neoesedfeiea,  round  its  way  into  an 
ont-of-the-way  Wiltahire  pariah,  in  which 
there  was  a  young  curate  who  had  distiu- 
gtiished  liimateif  by  zeal  in  getting  up  Bchoole 
and  clid*a  for  the  poor.  Theae  humble  estab- 
liahiuents  in  their  quiet  way  bad  done  much 
goo<i,  and  had  obtained  for  their  promoter  and 
BUperintt'udjLnt,  the  curate^  quite  a  reputation 
in  their  locality ;  but  he  ha^i  got  them  into 
ga(n\  tiini,  and  aa  they  worked  well  and  there 
were  no  more  difficulties  to  be  encountered, 
the  curate  felt  a  longing  for  a  wider  sphere. 
Hia  p.atr' tn,  the  pariah  clergyman,  had  often 
saitl  that  London  was  the  place  for  a  mind 
fiO  active  as  his,  and  when  the  intelligence 
came  that  a  curacy  miglit  be  had  "  in  St. 
Geoj^ge'a,  London,"  tne  proper  moment  seemed 
to  have  arnved  for  moving  the  curate  to  hia  I 
natunU  st)here  of  usefulneaa.  A  friend  was  I 
foimd  to  do  temporary  duty  in  the  church,  to  I 
**  ^ve  an  eye  to  the  Bchools,  and  to  look  after  | 
the  siek,"*  and  off  set  the  curate  to  aacertain  if 
be  coxild  secuie  the  \'acant  post  in  the  modern 
Babylon. 

Arrived  in  town,  his  firet  duty  was  to  call 
upon  the  writer  of  the  letter  that  had  in- 
duced him  to  quit  the  country  in  seitrch  of  a 
new  field  for  hia  laboui-a.  His  reception  was 
cordial  and  encouraging.  The  post  was  still 
vacant ;  indeeKl  the  reverend  gentleman  in 
whose  pft  it  was  had  kept  it  specially  for 
our  yviuig  friend,  for  he  had  hearil  of  the 
WilUiiirc  schools,  and  of  the  industry'  di.s- 
phiyed  by  their  promoter,  and  was  surd  he 
waa  just  the  man  to  encounter  the  labour  of 
a  metrrjiont/iu  cure  of  souls.  After  much 
more  ol  such  conversation,  it  was  proiwjsed 
that  they  should  go  together  to  the  rector, 
to  settle  the  ailair,  and  few  minutes  more 
foimd  til  em  on  their  way. 

Tliey  pasj^td  street  after  streeti  but  they 
were  all  city  streets  ;  and  one  after  the  other 
they  grew  (iirtier  and  dirtier,  until  at  last  a 


climax  of  abominations  greeted  eye  and  nos* 
tril  and  weli-|jolifihed  shoe  m  they  threaded 
Rag  Fair. 

"Surely,"  interposed  the  curate,  "this 
camiot  be  the  way  to  St,  George's  ?" 

*'  Certainly  it  is/'  was  the  reply  ;  "  and  thla 
very  place  is  in  the  diatrict  you  are  to  take 
charge  of." 

"  Tliis  V*  gasped  the  ctirate  with  astoniah- 
ment.  Ana  he  stood  aliU  .'is  he  spoke,  half 
shuddering  amidst  the  crowd  of  J< 
raga,  filth,  foul  smeU»,  and  wre^ 
his  mind  and  spirit  flew  back  to  :!.; 
scenes  and  country  friends,  he  had  that  moru- 
ins  left. 

"  Here  !  I  could  never  live  here.  The 
air  seems  thick  with  impurity.  1  thought 
St.  Geoi^^s  meant  St.  George^a,  Hanover 
a^uAre." 

His   companion    laughed.      "  You  longed 
for  fashion,  did  you  ?    You  wanted  to  five 
amongst  lofty  people ;  to  change  the  rural 
sounds  of  Wilts  for  the  clatter  of  daahin 
vehicles,  and  to  marry  and  bury  loi'ds 
ladies  ?     No,  no.     St.   GeorgeVin-the-. 
it  is  that  wants  a  curer  of  souls,  and  beJl 
me  you  ai*e  just  the  man  for  the  place," 

Foraard  they  went  in  silence,  until  they 
reached  the  rector's  door. 

"I  cannot  undertake  it,"  repeated  the 
country  curate.  "The  smells,  and  sights, 
and  noisea,  are  frightful.  I  could  not  live 
in  thia  atmosphere,  I  *m  aui'e." 

"  But  the  rector  has  .kept  the  place  vacant 
for  you,"  was  the  response ;  and  as  he  ejx»ke, 
they  were  ushered  into  the  presence  of  that 
dignitaiy  himself. 

More  friendly  greetings  and  kind  ^ceches 
Tlie  curate  was  uie  thing  ;  he  would  soon  be 
used  to  the  neighbourhoo<l.  He  firmly  de- 
clared hia  repugnance.  But  what  was  he,  the 
rector,  to  do  i  He  had  been  waiting  for  the 
curate;.  He  should  bo  groAtly  put  out  of  hia 
way  if  he  were  to  l>e  disappointed  at  this 
critical  moment.  Indeed  he  was  verj*  ill. 
He  reaDy  hoped  he  should  not  hear  of  any- 
thing like  refusal  And  a  gi'eat  deal  of 
talk  resultetl  in  an  arrangement  that  the 
cuKitc  aliould  tri/  for  a  month,  whilst  the 
rector  sought  for  anothei*  to  .wcce^d  him. 

In  a  little  old  house  close  by,  some  little 
rooms  were  selected  as  a  cheap  temi>orary 
lodging,  and  there  our  country  friend  s*>on 
located  himself  The  occasionai  fiinet*al  duty 
of  the  countiy  was  changed  for  the  constant 
day  by  day,  week  by  week,  repetitions  of  a 
gorged  London  grave-ynitl.  Work,  work, 
work,  was  become  the  order  of  his  life,  and 
work  too  without  knowing  the  people  for 
whom  he  was  mlniatering,  and  in  a  field  so 
vast  that  there  seemed  little  chMice  of  liia  ever 
gaining  a  knowledge  of  the  souls  now  under 
his  spiritual  cham.  Whilst  yet  astonished 
at  the  change,  and  whilst  longing  for  the  day 
that  should  i-eleaae  him  for  his  retiu-n,  a  letter 
reached  him,  saying  the  incumbent  of  his 
Wiltshire  pariali  wa^— dead  l    Ease  and  abiin- 


III 


■J 


174 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDft 


(CMbitMlt«l9 


dxace  had  been  succeeded  by  the  deruou  that 
foUowa  in  their  iiit\f'-  A.>...,i^xy^a  scene  of 
oonfuaiuu  and  diatit  rifj  lor  rlocton^, 

who  came  ouly  to  u-  aid  shidce  their 

hends — and  the  curtjuu  fell,  leaving  a  widow 
to  tooiirn^  a  preferment  to  deltcht  aome  lou^ 
ex|>ecbmt,  anii  a  cuj'atci  out  of  jJnce.  Thin 
liitttl  termimiti..iu  of  his  old  patron's  career 
came  at  a  critical  moment.  WUlfchLre  no 
longer  beckoned  t)ur  humble  hero  back.  St. 
Georj;v's-ij(-tlie-Eju3it  hm\  lum  in  it*  clutches, 
luid  the  one  huiidred  and  fifty  pounds  a  year, 
."■-^  "I  I''  '  '■»■'  ni;<l'ulDt:tw,  Nvjiii  l_ML*tter  tliau 
If  lulnft  upon  the  world  ;  and 
iz        ,  H  th:U,  instefwi  of  leuvinif  his 

small  Kxlging  at  the  eud  of  the  month,  he 
Uved  there  for  many  years. 

Aud  how  were  the»e  ye^n  paa^d  ?  The 
work  of  the  plac« — the  clerical  work — w»s 
amply  etitfficient  to  fill  up  hia  time,  but  the 
curate  had  desires,  and  felt  he  haJd  a  »luty 
beyond  that  routhie,  lftl>oriuua  though  it 
might  be.  The  rector,  tme  to  hia  ci*eed, 
would  hear  nothing  alK)ut  schools,  or  societiej*. 
Tliere  wm  the  one  diarity  school  when  he  came 
to  the  U\ing,  and  there  should  be  the  one 
charity  school  oidy,  when  he  left  it,  and  all  the 
curate's  th oughts' :4nd  plana  htid  to  be  kept  to 
himself.  But  stUl  he  went  au  tryinff,  aud 
kept  steadily  on,  making  himself  acquaints. d 
with  the  L  neighbourhood;  visitin;^ 

tlie  aick,  ;i  Idle  and  the  improvident, 

and  comlorfiii^^  mo  atHicted,  till  tue  people 
round  about  began  to  tiud  that  "a  parson  " 
might  be  a  very  comforUJde  person  to  know, 
if,  as  they  aaid,  he  was  *^one  of  the  right 
sort." 

Years  rolled  on,  and  the  day  arrived  when 
the  Bishop  of  the  diocese  made  a  crnnd 
appeal  to  the  public  for  help  in  the  buildiug 
oi  new  churches ;  and  so  readily  was  the 
reqtiejit  re.^tponded  to,  that  a  sum  of  two 
hundred  lliuuaand  pounds  aecumulat^ed  in  the 
haiivln  of  the  Imnkere  to  the  fund.  The  im- 
poEaibility  of  one  rector — supposiug  him  to  be 
Ml  iu7tive  man,  and  not,  aa  our  rector  wn&^  a 
kuid  of  *  clerical  yleepin^;  p.artner,*  with  one 
cumt«  (though  a  curate  ol  treble  curate  power) 
— ever  gnispmg  the  i^])iritual  needs  of  such  a 
parish  as  St.  George's-in-the-East,  with  it« 
forty  thouatuad  inhabitanlB,  must  long  have 
•truck  the  church  reformera  of  London  ; 
and  when  our  friend  the  one  curate  mAde 
up  his  ndnd  to  write  to  the  Bishop,  point- 
ing out  certain  Btroii"  re^^iaons  why  a  por- 
tion of  th«  two  hundre<l  thousand  |M»unda 
ahould  be  spent  in  hia  part  of  the  world,  the 
letter  coidd  scarcely  fail  to  receive  attention. 
In  due  time,  an  anawer  came  from  the  epis- 
copal di^peoHer  of  the  budding  fund,  stating 
that  a  grant  was  in  abeyance  for  the  builrling 
of  a  church  in  the  most  neglected  i^ml.  of  the 
parish,  but  there  was  a  difficulty  in  obtain- 
mg  a  site.  Thitf  waa  hint  enough.  To  work 
Went  our  curate,  to  trt/  what  could  be  done. 
A  l^iiituro  on  oue  spot  only  set  him  on  to 
■«»rch  for  another,  and  at  length  he   was 


directed  to  a  small  street,  from  tlio  back 
windows  of  which,  it  wan  8ai*l  -'  •  -•  •■  ii<.i(^..,| 
atone-yai-d  could  be  seen.       1  i 

ycaiis  tihut  up  behind  small,  i  u 

tenements,  tliat  few  people  kciew  of  its  ex- 
istence ;  but  thero  it  was,  sure  fnough, 
grown  over  by  w^eeda,  and  strewed  with  3ie 
dirt  and  refuae  that  poverty,  and  London  oat«, 
rtnd  London  smoke,  somehow  bring  to.-i  i 
whenever  a  spot  remains  unoccupied.  > 
of  Btoue  were  scattered  abtm*  ' 
too  small,  or  to<j  ugly  for  do«  s  ,- 

atones,  y«rt  too  heavy  for  tre^i  ;.> 

throw  ttfc  one  another,  or  to  !•  ii  r  ;i  Mie 
wiudowH  of  the  neighbouring  iinpiy  i  ikos, 
and  of  no  value  per  pound  at  the  marine 
store  dealers*.  Aud  there  they  lay,  uncared- 
for  for  years,  until  the  eye  of  the  curate  fell 
upon  the  spot,  and  straightway  tliey  reared 
themselves,  in  hijj  mental  vision,  one  upon 
another,  into  a  tall  church  tilled  with  wor- 
shippers, w^ith  th«  cui-jite  himself  ministering 
there.  But  dreaming  wtw  no  u<»e.  The 
ciinito  went  forth  to  irr/  what  h»^  ...1,1  .in, 
Work,  work,  work;  taik,  Udk,  1. 
and   to   smother;    lettei-s   hei-e,   t^^  la 

there,  until,  at  length,  the  site  was  secured  ; 
until  the  buiUling  was  begun,  continued,  and 
furnished.  The  chosien  plan  wa«  one  that 
would  aeciu'e  the  largest  amoimt  of  riccora- 
modation  for  the  simi  to  be  spent-,  and  the 
day  aiTived  when  church-room  wm  itvuly  for 
sijct4?en  hundiied  [>eople,  within  a      '  d 

builduig,  in  a  district  set  apart  ;  1 

chjTStened  "  Chriat  Church.*'  But  -  •  n . . ...  1 1» 
were  no  fittings  ;  no  stores  •,  no  organ  ;  no 
preacher's  homie ;  no  prexichcr'*  pay  ;  no 
preacher. 

The  cfurate  who  had  worked  so  Jong  and 
80  satiafactoiily  in  the  parish,  wa«  naturally 
the  man  who  should  occupy  the  church  he 
had  contrihut^d  to  rear  j  but  having  by  thia 
time  been  the  sole  working  clergyman  of  the 
mother  church  for  twelve  yearsi,  aud  having 
still  only  Uh  one  hundred  and  lifty  pound* 
a-year  to  rely  ujion,  he  hesitntoil  to  give 
u|>  that.  Nobody  waa  willing  to  Udce  the 
eujiity  church — the  Iwue  walb— the  aliell — 
without  even  an  income  sufficient  to  feed 
the  legendary  mice  siippoa©!  to  be  a  piart  of 
eveiT  parish.    Still,  after  a  while,  Be  thought 

The  tenns  he  made  with  the  old  r«<ctor 
were  (and  the  said  old  rector  hiul  veiT,  very 
serious  doubts  about  all  these  new-tangted 
church-buildings ;  but  being  quite  an  old 
gentleman,  he  thought  it  very  much  the 
bishop's  al&ir) — tho  curate's  terms,  we  say, 
were  that  he  would  accept  the  iueund>ency  of 
the  new  district  upon  condition  of  contiiiuine 
to  receive  hia  stipend,  out  of  which  lie  would 
pay  a  curate  to  perform  duty  at  the  old 
church,  whilst  he  himself  went  to  Uibour  with 
the  new. 

He  began  his  labours  in  a  rery  buameaa- 
liko  way.  He  took  stock  of  his  new  dis- 
trict,   counted    his    flock,    estimated    their 


Duk«i.i       WHAT  A  LONDON  CURATE  CAN  DO  W  HE  TRIES. 


176 


qiiality  as  it  were,  luiil  f>iind  thjit  upon  the 
•ixt}'*il»i>M'  awrreft  comimttwi  to  his  clerical 
daftjfigi'i  there  were  aeventy-eeveii  streets 
lyid  courts,  coutniDtD^  upwAnLs  of  iAvti 
ibouflaiitj  ttix  Ltuulretl  liousea,  hoM' 
than  €oveiit<?en  thoiiatiud  tuen,  w 
chiMreu<  For  <*very  four  buil«Juj-?  Lnai 
might,  iu  the  oouveiitiouRl  sense,  be  calJeil 
"  respectable  ]»riFate  honaea,"  lie  found 
there  was  on  an  average  one  public-house, 
or  beer  shop^  mid  that  more  than  half  of  the 
total  mniil»er  of  houses  were  essyutially  the 
dweliuigis  of  the  very  poor.  These  very  poor 
Dumbeivd  tifleeo  thousand  out  of  the  totid 
inhabitauta,  and  the  nmks  of  this  army  of 
Boverty  were  described  as  being  lilled  with 
"  aiiUors  aiid  men  dependent  \ipon  the  tmoer- 
tain  IftbodLT  of  the  docka  ;  '^  the  women  being 
MUetnBj  ''  aeuniBtreBBee,  working  for  the  8lot>- 
Sto|i8,  whidi  abound  in  the  neifihbonrhooii  ; 
—pool*  ci^Kitorea  belon|;ing  to  the  class  now 
so  well  known  as  *diatreased  needlewomen,'  " 
The  nverHge  rental  of  the  houBes — housed  in 
Loudon  be  it  remembered — was  only  eight 
pouuds  ten  shiUingB  a  year  j 

Such  a  locality  could  not  be  enpipoaed  to 
aflbrd  much  in  the  ahape  of  pew-reata,  but 
on  j*ew-rent8  aione  must  the  prencber  depend, 
as  there  was  no  endowment.  So,  giviujg  six 
hundred  free-seats  for  those  unable  or  uu- 
wilii:..*  fn  contribute,  our  curate  began  bin 
<us  in  the  new  church.  His  seal 
.  iieuc«  of  uurpoae  and  conduct,  had 

■eciired  him  friends  and  sympnthisora — and 
thtioo  qnaliticH  now  soon  began  to  bring  hijn 
a  congregation.  In  hi*  veatry  he  koi^t  an 
alphabetical  index  of  the  poor,  in  which  was 
note<i  what  help  had  been  given  to  each  ap- 
plicant— who  had  received  a  ticket  for  me 
'  who  a  letter  for  the  dispensary  or 

f/d  ;  who  ha*)  been  attemied  by  the 
iu-,L..--u  >i«iitor8;  who  had  been  helped  by  the 
hlsnket  loan  society  ;  whose  childran  ousht 
to  be  got  into  the  National  or  the  Sunday 
School  ;  and  so  on.  Some  of  the  warmest 
and  best  of  the  &ee-seats  were  supplied  witli 
books,  \n  lar^  type,  suitable  for  ajreil  eyes — 
and  Botm  it  wb«  found  that  old  folks  b^gan 
to  congregate,  in  numbers,  in  Cit>nt  of  the 
church  doora  long  before  they  opene«J»  that 
thi^y  might  aecare  these  beat  seats,  where 
they  ec»uld  tee  and  bear,  and  haTe  a  larg^ 
tym^  Prayer-book. 

The  kin<lly  sympathies  which  enlisted  the 
poor  di<l  more  thjuj  that.  Amongst  the  richer 
people  friends  wei^  found.  Tlie  pews  tilled  ; 
A  suliscnption  In  the  parish  paid  for  gn»- 
fittings  and  other  needful  appointments  ;  and 
though,  the  first  year,  the  curate's  gsxina^ 
after  he  had  paid  his  curate  at  the  motlit*r 
church,  were  nil,  yet  the  next  yptar  he  found 
hiiuself  with  an  income,  si  '■  something. 
And  now  another  e%'ent  i  The  old 

Stolor  died ^ and   tJie  '     I    his 

vtwft  Iw  had  taken  the  on  hottt 

ilttiiigi  and  without  pay  ;...  p,.,  ..  ,....,^for 
new    rMtota  bring  new    curates.    He    had 


trtfd  his  best ;  striven  with  the  difficulties  of 
a  high  duty  ;  and  had  again  not  gone  alto- 
gether nnrewimietl. 

The  church   was  a  very  freat  step ;  hat, 


111!       1  'CVlli  Ml '^ln.       Ilji4i      ■'!       IIIC     iJULC  Jv  VV  .11  1      J  i„_l  t  II  ■l^  ,||,y 

arches.  He  set  to  work  to  try  what  eoutd  be 
ilonc  in  that  and  in  othor  directions  to  meet 
the  many  wonts  of  his  i>arish.  He  ruhh-eased 
letters  to  clergymen  with  good  benefictja  ;  and 
to  wealthy  laymen ;  an«i  then  he,  with  the 
aid  of  a  curate  juid  a  scripture-reader,  besged 
his  parish  through  Irom  door  to  door.  Tney 
were  more  than  a  foi-tnight  going  from  house 
to  house,  "  when  gi^at  anxiety  (saj-s  a  report 
of  this  experiment)  for  the  estahiishnieut  of 
the  aflliool  was  expressed  by  the  jv  ' !?, 

but  the  amount  collected  waa  or  a 

pounds,  fifteen  shillings— <i  large  ^  . .  ,.  af 
which  was  in  pence."  liarger  auma  ultimately 
came  from  other  f^uai'ters  to  aid  the  work, 
and  first  one  school  and  then  another  w.'ts 
got  into  o{)eration.  Amidst  all  tlu^  tod  the 
curate — (or  we  must  now  call  him  the  in- 
cunilw-nt,  for  we  have  followed  him  Into  hk 
own  church) — ha<l  found  a  wife  anioni^st  his 
flock,  and  had  become  a  father.  His  chililren 
were  enlisted  in  the  work  in  hand.  They 
foldt'd  circulars  and  hel]»e«l  to  seal  them  ;  and 
one  Christmas  Eve  there  was  a  great  feat 
accomplished, — for  on  that  day  there  went 
from  the  door  of  the  house  of  clerical  industry 
two  cabs  filled  with  lettera  which  the  post 
would  deliver  on  the  C*hristmaa  morning  upon 
the  breakfast  tabh'3  of  the  wealthy,  telung 
how  on  that  day  of  Christian  rejoicing  one 
parish  of  the  Great  London  ha#J  thousands  of 
people  who  knew  no  church,  with  thousands 
of  cliiUben  who  knew  no  schooL  And  tlioso 
Cluwtmas  holidays  were  gladdened  by  a  uoble 
rf:jpou3e  from  the  cliarity  of  this  English 
nation.  Hundreds  of  jwuuda  were  subscribed 
towards  the  works  our  clergyman  had  now  in 
hand  ;  and  stUl  greater  gladness  was  there  in 
his  household,  when  an  old  man  walked  one  day 
into  luschui'ch  toseo  what  wasbeiug  don^,  nnd 
asking  what  was  wauteil,  and  being  told  tlie 
orgau  was  iu  debt,  put  into  the  ].>arson'*s  hiindL 
as  they  left  the  building  together,  a  piece  of 
paper,  with  a  request  that  no  name  bo  uieu- 
tioned.  It  was  a  cheque  for  a  lnunlred 
jjounda,  and  next  Sunday  the  organ  poured 
Ibilh  a  Btraiu  more  than  ever  lieikUlilul  in 
that  preacher's  ear — for  the  debt  was  gpn^ — 
wi]*ed  out  by  the  benevolence  that  vSka  no 
blazonry  in  return. 

And  \iit*her  and  higher  still  rose  the  glad- 
ness of  the  imr&ou'g  home,  when  one  day  ho 
returned  from  a  country  dinner,  to  which 
he  had  b«n  bidden  by  a  rich  olil  phpictan, 
who  was  '        Ilia  last  yoara  In  a  quint 

nn^d     h.  .kL      a    day-tiokvt    haal 

carried  Uir  w-i  -t  to  the  oM  man's  hotise. 
They  hud  chatted,  and  dine<l,  and  tjdkod  of 
maiiy  th'mga,  but  never  of  money  ;  and  m  th« 
ttme  drew  on  wheti  the  last  train  left  for 


London,  thoy  stroUe*!  t*tigelher  towairda  the 
fttulion.  The  whiz  and  the  Iniatle  of  the 
Mtop]»ing  Irrmi,  the  filaminiug  of  dirrlttge- 
dooi-Sj  and  the  hurry  of  jc;nanlfi,  were  jukI 
ovor  fia  the  pai'soii  took  ^'i-  ^"f  iiI-ti  his 
host,  the  kmd  old  ex-phy;  (hfil 

In  your  gooil  works,  In  it  ii  my 

name."  As  he  8j:x)litj  he  gnvt?  the  piinjou  ;i 
ptiper,  tm  he  shook  hands  with  him-  Tlte 
engine  was  off.  I^et  his  nstonUhjueiit  be 
imaglneri,  when  he  opened  the  ulip  of  jiitper 
ill  his  hand^  and  found  it  a  cheque  for  one 
lliousand  pounds  • 

TI»o  douor  was  the  same  old  man  who  had 
reJeaaed  the  organ  from  it^  dilHcultiep.  He  is 
1=.,,.,,.  L,  ..j  .  }jLit  ]|)*m  girtjn  t(.tW}U"ds  tlie  needs  of 
II  don  p.*iri6li  stand  a  hwHtlug  record  of 
u  _  :  ve  chaj'ity  in  the  list  of  dooSitions 
to  Christ  Church,  St,  GeorgeVin-the-Eftst, 
where  hia  oOering  figures  thus : — 


A  Family  Fund 


£1100    0    0 


Juftt  helow  it  on  the  list,  ia  another  Lirge 
donation^  also  made  hy  one  of  the  really  chii- 
ritahlc,  who  ajsk  no  advertiaement  in  retiirn. 
Two  wonls  t«ll  the  story  : — 

AnomymouB       .       .       .      £700    0    0 

MonumentB  enough,  these,  to  prove  the  ex- 
istence, if  proof  were  needed,  of  true  charity 
in  Englaniij  and  of  the  virtue  of  "/ *U  tiy?^ 
But  more  remains  yet  to  he  told, 

Eiieom-a^ed  hy  aiicci'sa,  the  plans  of  our 
incujiilient  Iwoame  holder  and  bolder.  Here 
la  the  aubetance  of  one  of  his  appeaia  ; — a  list, 
in  fiM:t,  vf  what  was  wanted  to  meet  the 
Bpirittial  atiil  educational  destitution  of  hia 
tustrict. 

1.  A  parsonage  for  the  minister  of  the 
preiient  church,  estimated,  including  the  sit^, 
at  one  thousand  four  hunLbN^d  poun<ls. 

2.  Three  new  schools,  for  six  humired 
children,  with  three  residences,  estimated  at 
about  two  thouBand  four  hundred  pounds. 

3.  A  fund  for  the  «upjX)rt  of  the  schools, 

4.  A  new  church,  of  stone,  plain  but  aul>- 
stantial,  for  one  thousand  persons  (of  which, 
if  a  suthcient  endowment  can  be  obtained,  all 
tht?  s<?at-*i  will  l>e.  free),  eatimutc^d,  \^ith  site,  at 
fiv*>  thousand  pounds. 

5*  A  pfu-8onago  for  the  minister  of  the 
new  chui'ch,  one  thousand  two  hundred 
pounds. 

e.  Endowment. 

At  iifBt  bluBh  tide  mieht  seem  too  much 
to  }io]ie  for  ;  but,  by  hai'd  work,  by  hopeful, 
never  ivasing  endeavour— ^by  again  jmd  tigtdu 
recurring  to  the  cheerful  elfort  that  follow* 
the  deteriuifuttion  to  try — much,  nay,  nearly 
allj  of  that  which  was  once  a  project  are  now 
foctB. 

At  the  time  we  write,  the  incumbent  has  a 

oomtortable    parsonage,   the  arches    of  the 

Blackwall  Bailwav  hold  three  of  lii-s  schools ; 

infant  school  a  hoy^a  school,  and  a  giiTs 


achooL  In  the  same  pkce  he  Juvs  a  pence 
brtnk»  to  which  the  p<"Mor  of  the  neighbourhood 
brir     ''  ^  ♦    -    nowaraountiii  iv 

!i  1 1  :i  year,  and  a  I 

reJi  io  .diich,  for  a  jw-'Ui.*  .,  v*..  k, 

lli«  light,  and  warmth,  and  newa- 

pa)H  natructive  and  amviHiug  booka. 

More  tluui  six  thousrmd  reiulera  havealtviult*] 
the  place  within  the  p.'>st  year.  ITc  has  likt- 
wise  &  Bagged  School,  in  which  the  %'i^ry 
poorest  are  taught  to  read  and  write.  The  fin© 
mrge  schoola  he  once  honed  for  to  hold  six  hun- 
dre<J  children,  %vith  resitiencea  for  mastera  and 
mist rease^^,  have  been  raified„and  are  occupied. 
Altogether,  he  has  now  a  thousand  child i-cn 
at  iM;hool !  He  h,Ts,  moreover,  m>cured  a  second 
church  for  the  neighbourhood — the  chrnxsh  of 
stone  he  hoped  for — to  hold  athousand  persons. 
He  got  money  to  buy  a  aite,  when  a  peer  who 
heard  of  the  efforts  he  waa  making,  stepped 
forward  and  built,  and  endowed  the  churdi, 
at  a  coat  of  ten  thousand  pounds  ! 

Tlma  far  suoceaBful  beyond  what  were 
once  his  wildest  hopes,  he  is  still  striving  on. 
He  is  at  this  moment  trying  for  Batlia  and 
Wnslihouaes,  and  for  a  Sftilor^s  Home — ^to 
clejmse  the  poor,  and  to  save  the  seamen  from 
plunder  by  erimj>3.  With  him,  U»  \\^\^w  U  to 
ffo  on,  and  to  go  on  is  to  succeed  ;  but  if  any 
like  to  help  or  imitate  him,  let  them  take,  in 
Fenchurch  Street,  one  of  the  sixpoi  my  railway 
tickets  we  spoke  of  at  the  opening  of  this 
paper,  and  stopping  at  tlie  Shadw(*U  StaUon, 
ASK  for  the  incuraijent  of  Christ  (.^mrch,  in 
whom  they  will  soon  recognise  the  Uving  hero 
of  this  true  story  of  VU  tr^. 


THE  MYSTERIES  OF  A  TEA-KETTLE. 

At  one  of  Mr,  Bagges's  small  scientific  tea- 
partiea,  Mr.  Ilarry  Wilkinson  delivered  to 
the  worthy  gentleman  a  leckure,  baaed  prin- 
cipally on  reininiacences  of  the  Hoyal  Institn- 
tion,  and  of  a  series  of  lectures  delivered 
iheiv,  by  pROFBflsoR  Fa  rat  ay  addressed  to 
children  and  young  people.  For  it  is  not  the 
least  of  the  merits  of  that  famous  chemist 
and  great  man.  Professor  Faraday^  that  he 
delights  to  make  the  mightiest  snbiect  clear 
to  tiie  simplest  capacity ;  and  that  be  shows 
his  mastery  of  Nature  in  nothing  more  than 
in  being  thoroughly  imbued  with  the  spirit 
of  her  goodness  and  simplicity. 

This  pfirticular  Lecture  was  on  Natural 
Philosophy  in  its  liearings  vn  a  kettle.  Th© 
entei-tamment  of  a  "  Night  with  Mr.  Bagges  ** 
was  usually  extemj:>onmeous.  It  was  so  on 
tills  occasion.  Thu  footman  brought  in  the 
tea-kettle.    "  Does  it  boil  1 "  damanded  Mr. 


t   have   biled,  Sir,"   answered  the  dc>- 
mestic. 

"  Have  bUed,  Sir !"  repeated  Mr.  Baggee, 
"Have  biled  I  And  what  if  it  has  *  bile<i.  or 
boUedf  as  I  desire  you  will  say  in  future  1 
What  ia  that  to  the  purpose  ?    tVater  uu»y  b« 


THE  MYSTERIES  OF  A  TEA-KETTLE. 


in 


frozen,  yon  simpleton,  uotwithatandrng  it  luu 
bciUcd.  Waa  it  l»oiling»  Sir,  eh  ?  when  you 
took  it  off  the  tiie  \  lliat  is  the  question,  Sir/* 

"  Yes,  Sir,  that  \va8  what  I  mean  to  sniy. 
Sir,"  replied  Tlioiuaa. 

••  Mean  to  say,  Sir !  Then  why  didu^t  you 
say  it,  Sir  ?  Eh  ?  There — no,  don't  put  it  on, 
Sir ;  hold  it  still*  Hwrry,  reach  me  the  ther- 
raometer,"  ^d  Mr.  Bagjgeii,  putting  on  his 
gpectAcle^.  '*  Let  me  see.  Tlie  twijiliug  point 
01  WAter  \&  two  hundred  and — what  ?" 

"Two  hundred  and  twelve,  Falirenheit," 
answered  Master  Wilkinson,  "  ii'  commonly 
purcv  (iud  boiled  in  a  met^dlic  vessel,  and 
under  a  pressure  of  the  atmosphere  amount- 
ing to  tineen  pounds  on  every  8<|uare  inch  of 
gurface,  or  when  the  bai>3meter  stands  at 
thirty  inchea." 

'*  Gracioufl,  what  a  memory  that  boy  baa ! " 
exclaimed  his  uncle.  "  Well ;  now  this  water 
in  the  kettle — ehl — why,  this  is  not  above 
one  hundred  and  dfty  degrees.  There,  Sir, 
now  set  it  on  the  fire,  and  don*t  bring  me  up 
cold  water  to  noake  tea  with  again ;  or  else, ' 
added  Mi\  Bagees,  making  a  vague  attempt 
at  a  joke,  '^  or  eke-— eh  1 — ^you  wul  get  your- 
a^lf  into  hot  water/' 

Mr.  Tiiomas  waa  seLEed  with  a  convulsion 
in  the  cheat,  which  he  checked  by  suddenly 
api>tyiii!4  bid  oi>en  hand  to  his  mouth,  the 
eifort  distending  IdA  ebeeks  and  causing  his 
tyv»  to  protrude  in  a  very  ridiculous  manner, 
whilst  Mr.  Bagges  disguised  his  enjoyment  of 
the  electa  of  lui}  wit  in  a  cough. 

*  Now  let  me  see,"  said  the  old  gentleman, 
musingly  contemplating  the  vessel  atmmering 
on  the  fii-e ;  "^^  how  k  it,  eh,  Haa'ry,  you  soia 
the  other  day  that  a  kettle  boUs  I  " 

*'  La ! "  interrupted  ilii*. WiUdnaon,  who  waa 
of  tb«  party,  **  whv,  of  course,  by  the  heat  of 
tll0  ooals,  and  by  blowing  the  lire,  if  it  is  not 
hot  enough." 

"  Aha  ! "  cried  her  brother,  *'  that  *8  not  the 
way  wf  account  for  things,  Harry,  my  boy, 
eh  I  Now,  convince  your  mother ;  explam 
tiie  boiling  of  a  kettle  to  her  :  come/' 

**  A  kettle  boila,^^  aaid  Harry,  "  by  means  of 
the  Eictiou  of  currenta." 

'*  What  ar©  you  talking  about  I  Boiling  a 
plum  pudding  in  a  tea-kettle  I "  exckimed  the 
my^ibed  mjMntna^ 

**  Currents  of  heaied  pajticlea — of  particles 
of  hot  water,"  Harry  explained.  "  Suppose 
you  put  your  tire  on  your  kettle— <m  the  lid 
of  it — instead  of  your  kettle  on  your  tire, 
—what  then  ? " 

*'  You  would  be  a  goose,"  aaid  his  mother. 

"  Exactly  so — or  a  gOBunff,*' — rejoined  her 
aoD  ;  **  the  kettle  would  not  boil  Water  is  a 
btvd  conductor  of  heat  Heat  passes  throujih 
the  Bubatiince  of  water  with  very  great  difti- 
culty.  Tberefoi*e,  it  woidd  have  a  hard  umtter 
to  get  fiom  the  top  of  a  kettle  of  water  to  the 
bottom.  Then  how  doea  it  so  easily  get  from 
the  bottom  to  the  top  ? " 

"  Ah  1"  sighed  Mr.  Ba^ea.  "  In  my  young 
d^]ra  we  ahould  have  aaH,  becaujw  ttie  heat 


rises,  but  that  won't  do  now.  What  is  all 
thut  .aKiUt  the— eli— what— law  of  ex — ^what  ? 
— panaion — eh  1  '* 

''  The  law  of  expatudon  of  fluids  and  gnsea 
by  heat.  This  makt«  the  currents  tliat  1 
spoke  of  just  now,  mamma ;  and  I  should 
have  spelt  the  word  to  explain  to  you  that  I 
didn't  raeim  plums.  You  know  frhat  a 
draught  la  ? " 

"I  am  8ony  to  say  I  do,**  Hr.  Baggea 
declared  with  much  Beriouaneaa,  instinctively 
canying  his  hand  to  the  rctfion  of  the  human 
body  from  the  Latin  for  which  is  derived  the 
term,  Lumbago. 

''  Well,"  pursued  Harry,  **  a  draught  ia  a 
current  of  air.  Such  currents  are  now 
passing  up  the  chimney,  and  simply  oiidng 
to  that  trifling  circumstance^  we  are  able 
to  sit  here  now  without  being  stifled  and 
poisoned." 

"  Goodness  !  "  ejaculated  Mi-s.  Wilkinson. 

"To  be  Bure.  The  fire,  in  biimbtg,  turns 
into  gaaee,  which  are  rank  poison — carbcnio 
acid,  for  one  \  aulphuroua  acid,  for  another. 
Hold  your  noae  over  a  shovelful  of  hot  cinders 
if  you  doubt  the  fact.  The  gases  produced 
by  the  lire  expand  ;  they  increase  in  bulk 
without  getting  heavier,  so  much  so  that  they 
become  bghter  in  proportion  than  the  air,  and 
then  they  rise,  and  lliis  lising  of  hot  air  ia 
what  ia  meant  by  heat  going  upwards.  The 
currents  of  hot  air  that  go  up  the  chimney  in 
this  way  have  currents  of  cold  air  rufihing 
after  them  to  supply  their  place.  When  you 
heat  water,  currents  are  formed  jui>t  aa  when 
you  heat  gas  or  lur.  The  heated  portion  of 
water  riaea^  and  some  colder  water  cornea 
down  in  its  place ;  and  these  movements  of 
the  water  keep  going  on  till  the  whole  bulk 
of  it  is  equally  hot  throughout,'" 

'*  Well,  now,"  interrupted  Miv  Bagges,  "  I 
dare  say  thia  is  all  very  true,  but  how  do  you 
prove  it  j '' 

''  Prove  that  water  \&  heate<l  by  the  i-iaing 
and  falling  of  hot  currents  ?  Get  a  long, 
silender  glass  jar.  Put  a  little  water,  coloured 
with  indigo,  or  an^^hing  you  like,  into  the 
bottom  of  it.  Pour  clear  water  upon  the 
coloureil,  gently,  so  as  not  to  mix  the  two, 
and  yet  nearly  to  till  the  jar.  Float  a  little 
spirit  of  wine  on  the  top  of  the  water,  and  set 
tire  to  it  Let  it  blaze  away  ;i.s  lon^  as  you 
Like  ;  the  coloured  water  will  remam  steady 
at  tlie  iHjttom  of  the  jar.  But  liold  the  flame 
of  a  spirit- hmip  under  the  jar,  and  the 
coloured  water  utU  rise  and  mix  with  the 
clear,  in  very  little  time  longer  than  it  would 
lake  you  to  say  Harrys  Wilkinson.'* 

"^  Ah  !  So  the  water  gets  coloured  through- 
out for  the  same  reason  that  ii  gets  heated 
throughout,"  Mr.  Bagges  ob«er\'ed,  "and 
when  it  gets  thoroughly  iiot — w^hat  then  1 " 

"  Then  it  boila.    AnA  what  id  boiling  I " 

"Bubbling,"  suggested  the  young  phiJo- 
Bopher'.s  mamma. 

"Yes ;  but  ginger-beer  bubbles,"  said  Harry 
"  but  you  woul£i't  exactly  call  that  boiling. 


178 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


|X'  he  escaping  of  Ktoam.     Tliat  cauaeR 

ib«t  liti?  in  oul V  tlie  (ri£;ti   Utat  U*«  water  boils. 

But  wlmt  oceiiftinti*  lln*  v»ctt]ie  of  ihf  gteam  T" 

**Th<?    hwvt,   of  course — the — whiiL    b   Uw 

rijfht    woni  1 — the    caloric,"    a(iitwej*e<l    Mr. 

^'^TViw  ;  bat  wliat  Uoat  !  Wiy,  tlu'  rttc*«8 
of  Ileal  ovrr  two  liiiiirlrot!  aad  tv  i-  ■'  -  rcH^a 
—taking  tluil  iui  tUc  avcrupo  \-  i  of 

water.     Yow  aw  lieiit  wnler  u].  ;  ^mt, 

And  it  remaiiw  wntcr;  Imt  every  Uejpee  of 
hcut  yoti  cauBc  to  uatoi  into  it  nlx>ve  lliAt. 
iunis  n  quMJitiiv  «>f  iTit-  wntfr  into  stc/iiu  j  ana 
flics  otT  in  the  stcnm,  luiiesB  the  st^^ani  ]a 
hitwlcrvJ  froju  eHCn|»iug  by  cxtriiorclliiary 
firenure.  Klow  the  fire  under  that  kettle 
as  much  afl  you  will,  and  you  •will  nuiko 
the  water  boil  fiuter,  but  you  won't  make  it 
a  bit  hotter   tlmu  two  huiidi-ed  and  twelvn 

^W«U,  to  be  iiire!"  Mre.  Wilkinson 
exdaiiiitd, 

"If  wAtvr,"  continued  Harry,  "could  keep 
em  letting  hotter  and  hotter  abov**  the  bulling 
point,  why,  wc  lui^ht  have  onr  potatoeu 
oharrod  in  the  pot,  oi-  our  nuittott  bulled  to  a 
cinder.  Wlmn  watrr  \a  oonrtneil  in  a  st»v>ng 
vtM«l — and  atrong  it  njuat  U*  to  provt^nt  a 
tremendoiis  blow-«j) — eontinevl,  I  any,  ho  that 
no  Atean)  can  o»iicaf)«,  it  luay  be  heatetl  almost 
r«d'hot ;  aiifl  there  is  a  remel  m»de  for  heat 
iog  water  imder  |>reMnre,  oalleil  Fnpiti'H 
ingeflrtor,  whioh  will  di§Ml  ilnoet  anytlung." 

^What  an  enviablo  appiamixM !  **  exctnimed 
Mr.  BaKg«B. 

"  WeTl»"  rcaumo*!  llai-ry  ;  "  «o  the  boillnc 
iK)iut  of  water  drpenda  on  the  degree  m 
forciit  which  the  air  f>r  what  not  ia  preaaing 
on  its  surCftcc  with.  The  higher  the  spot  on 
whieJi  you  Iwil  your  wnt*?r,  the  lower  the 
point  it  IkmIh  at.  Thefofore,  water  boiling  at 
the  to|>  of  a  nionntuin  is  not  so  hot  na  water 
boiling  at  the  mount/iirj*s  bftsc.  Tlie  Itoiling 
ijoint  of  water  on  thr  smumit  of  Mont  Blane, 
u  Wi  low  a>»  <^»nf  hundred  and  eighty-four  de- 
gr<ses.  So,  if  wntoi'  must,  be  at  two  hundred 
and  twelve  degtH?e8,  to  make  ^^mmI  tea,  <lon*t 
choose  too  high  a  hill  to  V»uil<f  a  teujp<»mnee 
hall  on.  The  heftvicr,  also,  the  air  ia,  from 
the  quautity  of  moisture  in  it,  the  hotter 
water  bticoniea  before  it  Ixnihi.  If  the  atmo- 
B])herc  were  earlwuic  iicid  ffaa,  water  would 
get  much  hotter  without  boiling  than  it  can 
under " — 

''Presemi  arrangementa,"    iuterpoaed    Mr. 


Consisting  of  a  mixture  of  nitrogen  luid 
oxvgcn,"  continued  Harry.  *'  Water  rbcjulres 
only  a  very  low  heat  to'  make  it  lK>il  in  an 
exhausted  reGeiver^  out  of  which  the  air  haa 
b«en  pumped,  bo  oa  Ut  leave  none  to  pj'ea* 
upon  )l«t  euH'aco.  Uwing  t.o  boiling  defjend- 
ing  ur»on  i^rossiire,  you  can  ;u!tuaily  make 
water  noil  IfV  meruit^  of  cold,*' 

'*  What  iie'xt  r*  aighed  Mm  Wilkinson. 

''You  can,   indeed.      Put  a  little  boiling 


water  in  a  •alati-oil  fl^sk  ;  so  that  the  floak 
mav  be  a  qimrtcr  full,  say.  (k>rk  the  ftaak 
hf'htly.     Ilie  1  ]«;   and   the  up|>er 

thrci'fourtha  >  ;.  jiii»  full  of  vaponr. 

Squirt  a  jet  of  icc  cold  water  ujK»n  the 
rtfwk,  above  whwr*  the  water  ia,  and  the 
wntt-r  below  will  iijHtantly  l>egin  to  bolt 
Thci  reatton  *hy,  U  ihiB.  Tlie  VHpour  in  the 
fiisk  t  •  -- -  .  n  the  surface  of  the  hot  waier. 
The  uses  the  vapour — l\ini»  it  htktk 

to  w  I  .  i.:iL  takes  off  the  pre«mtre  for  the 

time  ;  and  then  the  liot  water  direct  I)  flies 
into  vapour,  and  boile^  and  so  on,  till  it  cof>iii 
down  too  low  to  boil  any  longer.  What 
reihicei*  th**  I  soiling  jwint  of  water  on  a  hill 
or  ii  ia,  that  the  ]>reAenr(^  of  th« 

atni«'  leaaee  ae  you  aaeend.     A  rlee 

of  liv.  i.iiutu'd  and  thirty  feet  in  hei|^t 
ab«jve  the  level  of  the  sea,  makea  a  ditfersooe 
of  one  d^sgree  ;  go,  give  me  a  kettle  of  wmt/er 
and  a  thftnnoiueter,  and  I  *ll  tell  you  exactly 
how  n<*ar  the  moon  we  are.'" 

*'  1  Rhould'nt  think  one  C50uld  make  good 
hot  mixed  puneh  up  in  a  balloou,  now,"  ob- 
aa*ved  Mr.  Baggea,  refleotivelv. 

"  Then,"  Hariy  proceeded[,  " it  r«quii*es 
more  heat  to  make  water  boil  in  a  glaaa  veMel 
than  it  does  in  a  metal  one.  A  metal  veeeerit 
Limer  surfa4»  ia  made  up  of  very  funall  pointa 
and  dente.  Scratching  the  iu»ide  of  the 
glass  so  as  to  give  it  a  rou^hneea  doni»- 
thiug  like  what  the  metal  hM,  maJras  tli« 
boiling  ixtiiit  lower  ;  and  a  law  iroo  filinp 
thrown  into  water  iKiiling  ill  glass  at  two 
hundrc<l  and  fourteen  degrees^  will  bring  it 
down  to  two  hundred  and  twelve.  The 
filings,  and  the  roughness  of  the  glam,  are  so 
many  more  points  for  the  heat  tA  pitts  into 
the  water  from,  and  form  otsAJS.  and  the 
water  does  not  cling  to  thttn  so  hard  .<is  it 
clings  to  a  nmooth  nirfeoe.  Tltrow  a  lot  of 
hay  Into  a  pan  of  hot  water,  and  it  makes  a 
quantity  ot  st4?am  rise  direotly ;  and  I  have 
hear*  I  a  <loctor  say  that  some  fKwr  |>«*ople  are 
in  the  habit  ofigivisfftiiemKlvet  cheap  nteam* 
brtthxS  by  this  meana/* 

**  A  very  ^jood  thine  for  rheumatic  p^iiuB,  I 
should  think  ;  ceilainly  a  much  more  rational 
reme<ly  than  pnteut  medicines  or  Govemmeut 
jioison/*  Mr.  Jia;,'gaB  remarked. 

"  There  are  some  salts,^'  oontino* 
''which,  if  dissolved  in  water,  will  i 
from  Wdlng  till  it  ia  heated  to  two  niiuin*! 
and  sixty  lour  degrees,  aa  if  tht-y  held  the 
wat«r  back  from  flying  into  strCjim.  So,  theu, 
the  boiling  of  water  muy  be  hind^in^l,  more 
or  leaa,  by  pr^sure  from  without,  iiid  at- 
traction from  within.  The  l>  it  of 
water  depends  on  rtnother  n  :  fact 
which  the  kettle  always  mentiuiir^  Vulbro  it 
boils,  although  we  don't  all  of  us  undei'stand 
the  ketil*?'e  language.  The  singing  of  the 
kettle  tella  us  '*— 

"That  tlie  water  b  going  to  boLV  inter- 
nipted  mamma. 

"Yea,  and  that  water  contAina  air.  Tlie 
singing  of  the  kettle  is  the  noiae  made  by  the 


iru  ,...,•.... 

tUAJSR  wiiich  ^ 
it  would  UOL 
hcAteU  to  iw 

deprived  of  air. 


tiscatpe  of  the  au*,  which  is  driven  off  by  the 
hcAt.  The  air  sticks  »iid  linngs  iu  the  water, 
till  Ibe  heat  cxiuajda  it  aiid  makes  it  rise. 
Put  a  gljiss  of  water  under  the  receiver  of  an 
nir-panifv  and  exhaust  the  rfc«iver.  As  you 
pump,  the  water  l>egins»  to  bubble,  as  if  it 
were  boiling  :  but  the  bubbles  are  the  air  coii- 
t&iued  in  the  water,  beini^  pumiced  out.     The 

''      '  ^e  little 

water, 

.,,.uldbeA 

-o  hiinl  tluit 

......    -      jil,  till  it  was 

I  r .  d  and  seventy  degrees, 
v  I  »<>iUiig  aame  water  quite 
And  not  only  that,  but 
when  it  did  boil,  it  would  boil  all  at  once,  and 
blow  M\i  with  a  tremendous  explfjeion  ;  which 
would  be  ti  alill  greater  inconvenience  in 
boiling  a  kettle." 

•A  pietty  kettle  of  fkh,  indeed  1 ''  Mr. 
Bngres  observed. 

•^80,"  said  Harty,  "  Btrietly  pure  water 
would  not  be  quite  so  great  a  blessing  to 
119  as  you  might  think.  Of  courae,  tou 
know,  undo,  I  dou*t  mean  to  say  tlLat 
there  is  anv  ft*lvAntAare  in  the  impurity  of 
such  wnter  m  the  Tlmniea,  except  when  tuKHi 
for  the  i»ijrjKise  of  fertilising  the  earth.  I  am 
apeaking  of  water  m  pure  aa  to  contain  no  air. 
Wftter  of  such  severe  purity  would  be  very 
unnuuiag«able  stufll  ^o  ^m  couM  live  iii 
it,  for  one  thing,  I  have  already  given  you 
one  goo<l  reason  why  it  Mould  be  unsuitable 
to  our  kettle ;  and  another  ia,  that  it  would 
not  be  good  to  dnnk.  Then  water,  as  we 
ifind  it  in  the  world,  has  a  very  useful  and 
fticeommodating  disposition  to  find  ita  own 
level.  Pump  all  the  air  out  of  water,  how- 
eve  r»  acd  it  loses  this  obliging  character  in  a 
great  measure*  Suppose  f  tiuce  a  beait  glaaa 
tube^  and  fill  one  arm  of  it  with  airless  water. 
Then  I  turn  the  tube  mouth  upwards*,  and  if 
the  water  were  common  water,  it  would 
instantly  run  from  *me  ann  into  the  other, 
aud  Btan'l  ^*  i»*^  same  level  in  Iwth.  But  if 
the  wai  Ti  exhausted  of  its  air,  it  re- 

noAiast  i>.  ^  in  the  one  arm,  and  won*t 

tali  1  give  the  table  a  smart  rap,  and 
ahake  it  So,  but  for  the  air  eonUine*!  in 
water,  we  could  not  make  the  water  run  up 
and  down  hill  as  we  do.  If  water  were 
depnvL-d  of  air,  Iiondon  would  be  almost 
deprive«l  of  water/* 

'*  And  wat-^T,"  observed  Mr.  Baggea, "  would 
be  rol»l»ed  of  a  very  valuable  property," 

"  G*jnyd  again,"  uncle.  *^  Now,  if  we  could 
eee  thr«*ugh  the  kettle,  we  should  be  able  to 
observe  the  water  bjiling  in  it^  which  is  a 
curious  sijLdit  when  looked  into.  To  examine 
water  Willing,  we  must  boil  the  water  in  a 
glasa  vessel— a  long  tube  is  the  beat— heated 
with  a  eptrit  lamp.  Then  first  you  see  the 
water  in  nit»tion,  and  the  air  bubbles  being 
driven  otT  by  llie  heat.  Aa  the  water  geta 
hotter,  other  bubbles  appear,  rising  from  the 
bottom  of  the  tid>€.    They  go  up  flir  a  little 


way  and  tlien  they  elirink,  and  l)y  the  time 
they  get  to  the  top  of  the  water,  yoti  can 
haiiily  distinjpiiah  lliem.  Tl:e»e  are  bubbh-a 
of  steam,  and  they  get  snmUer  d«  Ihcy  1  iac, 
liecauae  at  tli-st  the  tv-ateria  coMoraltove  limn 
Iwlow  in  pro^Mjrtlon  to  the  distance  fit>m  the 
flajue,  and  the  cold  gntdualty  condenses  the 
bubl>les.  But  when  the  wute*'  gels  tlmrnuirhly 
hot,  the  Vnibbles  grow  latter  ami  rise  quicl&cr, 
rani  go  of  the  same  size  nght  up  to  the  top  of 
tlie  water,  and  there  escape — il  \t»u  choose  ta 
let  them.  And  steam  was  tdIowe«l  to  escnjie 
so  for  many  many  ages,  waa'nt  it  uucle,  l»efore 
it  Wfia  set  to  work  to  spitt  cotton  for  the 
worlrl,  and  tfike  ua  to  America  within  a. 
fortnight,  and  whirl  ua  over  the  ground 
aa  tile  crow  flies,  and  almost  at  a  crow's 
pace." 

"For  fdl  which;*  remarked  Mr.  Bagm, 
" we  have  principally  to  thank  what 'aliis 
name.*' 

"Watt  wtu  hia  name,  I  V»elieve,  uncle. 
Well ;  heat  tuma  water  into  steam,  and  I 
dure  say  I  need  not  tell  you  that  a  quantity 
of  water  becoming  steam,  fills  an  immenae 
deal  more  space  than  it  did  aa  mere  water. 
Cold  turns  the  steam  Ixick  into  water,  and 
the  water  fills  the  some  space  aa  it  did  before. 
Water,  in  swelling  into  steam  and  ehrinkiug 
back  into  water  again,  moves,  of  coarse,  twice, 
and  mighty  motions  these  are,  and  mighty 
uses  are  iuaile  of  them,  1  aliould  rather 
thiidc." 

"  I  believe  yon,  my  boy,"  smd  Mr.  Baggea. 

"  And  uowj'*  aaked  Harry,  "  have  you  any 
idea  of  what  a  deal  of  heat  there  is  in 
steiim  t " 

**  It  ia  hot  enough  to  scald  yon,^*  answered 
his  mamma,  "  I  know  that." 

"  Yea  ;  and  hot  enough,  too,  to  cook 
potatoes.  But  there  is  much  more  heat  in  it 
than  that  comes  to.  Take  a  k«ttle  of  cold 
water.  See  at  wliat  degree  the  thermometer 
stands  in  the  water.  Put  the  kettle  on  the 
fire  and  observe  how  long  it  takes  to  Iwil.  It 
will  boil  at  two  lmndr»?tl  and  twelve  degreea  ; 
and  therefore,  during  the  time  it  has  taken  to 
boil,  there  baa  gone  into  it  the  ilifTerence  of 
heat  between  two  hundred  and  twelve  degrees 
and  the  degree  it  stood  at  when  first  put  on 
the  fire.  Keep  up  the  same  strength  of  fire, 
so  that  the  heat  may  continue  to  go  into  the 
water  at  the  same  rate.  I^et  the  water  Iwil 
quite  away,  and  note  how  long  it  is  in  doing 
so.  You  can  then  calculate  how  muoli  heat 
has  gone  into  the  water  while  the  water  has 
been  boUiTif»  away.  You  will  find  that 
quantity  of  lieat  great  enough  to  have  made 
tlie  water  red-hot,  if  all  the  water,  and  all  the 
heat,  had  remained  in  the  kettle.  But  the 
water  in  your  kettle  will  have  continued  at 
two  hundred  and  twelve  degrees  to  the  last 
drop,  and  alJ  the  atejvm  that  it  ha^  turned  into 
will  not  have  been  hotter—  /  to  the 

thermometer— than  two  In  :  twelve 

degrees  ;  whereas  a  red  heiit  is  ou--  thousand 
degrees.    The  diflference  between  tvo  hundred 


t 


And  ^ 


II 


W 


Aud  twelve  dej^recs  and  one  thousand  dtfjn'eea 
if  8ev«n  hundred  and  eiijlity-eight  degrees ; 
and  what  haa  become  of  jdl  thiaheftt  1  Why, 
it  is  eutmdy  contained  in  th<»  slvaiii,  though  it 
does  not  make  the  steam  hotter.  It  lies  hid 
in  the  st*.*am,  and  therefore  it  is  called  latent 
heiit.  When  the  steam  is  condeaaetl,  all  that 
latent  heat  corner  out  of  it,  and  can  be  felt, 
hbJ  ifw  i'Mrtntity  of  it  can  he  meaaared  by  a 
t)  r.    The  waniith  that  issuea  &oni 

si  ;    ;  nsed  to  wairn  a  hooae,  ifl  the 

latent  hvat  of  the  steam  that  eiOBpea  as  th« 
8t«aiu  tunii4  kiack  to  water/* 

**  Latent  heat !  latent  heat !  *'  ret>eated  Mr. 
fiaggee,  scratching  his  hewh  "  En  T  Now, 
thAt  latent  heat  alwayft  puzzlea  me.  Latent, 
IjSflg  hid.  But  how  can  you  hide  heat  7 
Wlien  Lhti!  zany  in  the  pantoinline  hides  the 
red-hot  pykor  in  Idi*  Docket,  he  cnuterises 
hia  jwraon.  How — eh? — how  can  heat  be 
latent  1 " 

*'Wliy,  the  word  heat  has  two  meanings, 
imolc.  In  the  first  place,  it  means  hotnen, 
Hotueaa  caimot  be  latent,  aa  the  clown  finds 
when  he  pocketa  the  poker.  In  the  second 
place,  heat  means  n  something  the  nature  of 
which  wc  don't  know,  which  ia  the  cause  of 
hotncsB,  and  alao  the  CHiise  of  another  effect. 
Whilst  it  ia  causing  that  other  effect,  it  does 
not  cauae  hotneaa.  That  other  elfeet  which 
heat  cauflea  in  the  instance  of  ateam,  is  keep- 
ing water  in  the  form  of  ateam.  The  heat 
that  there  is  in  stoirni,  over  and  above  two 
hundred  and  twelve  degrees,  is  employed  in 
this  way.  It  is  wholly  occupied  in  preserving 
the  water  in  an  expanded  state,  and  can^t 
caubc  the  mercur}"  in  the  thermometer  to 
ox|Mtiid  and  rise  as  well.  For  the  same  renson, 
it  could  ^ve  you  no  feeling  of  hotneas  above 
what  boiling  water  would — if  you  had  the 
nerve  tfj  te*tt  it.  Whilst  it  is  mttkiiiij  steiun 
continue  to  be  ateam,  it  la  hittnt.  When  the 
ateiuu  becomes  water  again,  it  has  no  longer 
that  work  tii  do,  and  is  set  free.  Fi*ec  heat  is 
what  is  commonly  understood  by  heat.  Tliis 
is  thw  heat  which  ootka  our  victuals,  the  heat 
we  feel,  the  heat  that  singes  Mr.  Merriman. 
Latent  heat  is  heat  that  doean't  warm,  singe, 
or  cxKik,  becauae  it  is  othei-wise  engaged.  If 
YOU  pnsBB  m  suddenly  into  a  fiuid^  the  latent 
heat  of  the  gas  is  set  free.  You  seem  to 
squeegee  it  out  Indeed,  the  same  thing  hap- 
pens, if  you  violently  force  any  substance  into 
a  closer  form  all  at  once.  Everything  appears 
to  have  more  or  less  latent  heat  in  it,  between 
its  little  particles,  keeping  them  at  certain 
distances  from  each  other.  Compress  the 
particles  within  a  jsmaller  compass,  and  a  part 
of  the  latent  heat  escapes,  as  if  it  were  no 
longer  w:uitetl  When  a  sabetance  in  a  com- 
pressed state  expands  on  a  sudden,  it  draws 
m  heat,  on  the  other  hand.  Wlicn  a  huW 
bathes  her  forehead  with  eau-de-Colt>gue  tu 
cure  a  hea*.lache,  the  heat  of  the  head  enters 
the  e&u-de-Cologne,  and  btxonifs  latent  in  it 
whilst  i  t  evaporates.  If  you  make  steam  un  der 
Vdgh  pressure,  you  can  heat  it  much  above 


two  hundred  and  twelve  degrees,  Suppoao 
vou  let  ofl*  steam,  so  compressed  and  heated^ 
liy  n  wiile  hole,  from  the  wiler,  and  put  your 
hand  into  it  as  it  rufthea  out " 

"  Wluit  ?  Why,  you  'd  scald  your  hand  off  I" 
cried  Mr.  Bagges. 

*'  Ko,  you  wouIdn^t.  The  st r  -  •  ^  ^  out 
tremendously  hot,  but  it  exjiaii  s  so 

very  much,  that  the  heat  in  it  du  l .. . .  .  ;  .uuiea 
lat^int  in  a  great  measure ;  which  cools  it 
down  sufficiently  to  allow  you  to  hold  your 
hand  in  it  without  its  hurting  you.  Bat 
then  you  would  have  to  mind  where  you 
held  your  hand ;  because  wliei^e  the  steam 
began  to  condense  s^aiu,  it  would  be  boiling 
hot.'* 

*'  I  bad  rather  take  your  word  for  the 
experiment  than  try  it,  young  gentlemai^** 
Mr.  Bagges  observed. 

"  AnoUier  very  curious  thing,"  proceeded  , 
Harry,  "  in  regard  to  boiling,  has  been  disco- 
vered lately.  A  kettle  might  be  too  hot  to  boil 
water  in.  Take  a  little  iSlt  of  sUver,  heated 
very  highly  ;  dip  it  into  wnter.  At  tirst,  you 
have  no  boiling,  and  you  don't  have  any  at  all 
till  the  silver  nas  cooled  some  degrees.  Put 
a  drop  of  water  into  a  platinum  dish,  heated 
in  the  same  way,  and  it  wiU  run  about  without 
boiling  till  the  heat  dimiuishee  [  and  then  it 
bursts  into  steam.  M.  Boutjgny,  the  French 
chemist,  made  this  discovery.  Vapour  forma 
between  the  drop  of  water  and  the  reil-hot 
metal,  and,  being  a  bad  conductor  of  heat, 
keeps  the  heat  of  the  metal  for  6ome  time 
from  flowing  into  the  water.  Owing  to  tliis^ 
water,  and  mercury  even,  may  l»e  irvzeu  in  a 
red-hot  Tessel  if  the  experiment  is  managed 
cleverly.  A  little  more  than  a  couple  of  cen- 
turies ago,  this  would  have  been  tljought 
witchcralV 


*'  And  the  philosopher/'  added  ALr.      ^^ 
would  have  been  ined  instead  of  his  water^ 


drop.  Let  me  see— eh  ? — ^wbat  do  they  call 
this  singtUar  state  of  water  ? " 

**Thc  spherddal  state,"  answered  Harry, 
"  However,  that  is  a  state  tliat  water  does  not 
get  into  in  a  kettle,  because  kettlea  are  not 
allowed  to  become  red  hot,  except  when  they 
are  put  carelessly  on  the  fire  with  no  water 
in  them,  or  suiFered  tfj  remain  there  after  the 
water  has  boiled  quite  away  !  '* 

*'  Which  is  ruination  to  kettles,"  Mis.  Wil- 
kinson ohserveil. 

"  Of  coui*8e  it  ia,  mamma,  because  at  a  red 
heat  iron  begins  to  unite  with  oxygen,  or  to 
rust.  Another  thing  that  injures  kettlea  is 
the  fur  that  collects  in  them.  All  water  in 
common  use  contains  more  or  Less  of  eailhy 
and  other  salts.  In  boiling,  these  things 
separate  from  the  water,  and  gnwlualiy 
foiTu  a  fur  or  crust  inside  the  kettle  or 
boiler." 

"  And  a  nice  job  it  is  to  get  rid  of  it,"  said 
his  mamma. 

"  Well ;  chemistry  has  lessened  that  diffi- 
culty,'* rephed  Harry.  "The  fui'  is  mostly 
carbooote  of  lime.    In  that  case,  all  you  have 


k 


to  do  is  to  boll  some  aul-ammoniiic — otherwise 
tDuruite^  or  more  properly  hydrochlorate  ol 
amnjoiiiaF — in  the  ftirred  vessel.  Tlie  hydro- 
ohioiic  lucid  unites  with  the  lime,  .'uid  the 
earboaic  acid  goes  to  the  ammoum.  Both  the 
compowndjB  formed  in  this  way  di^olve  and 
fWuaii  nvrtky  ;  and  bojoul  may  cleau  the  foulest 

liler  or  kettle.    Tni«  is  a  rather  important 

'^fliacovery ;   for  the  effect  of  fiir  in  a  kt^ttle  ia 

to  oppose  the  passage  of  heat,  and  therefore 

to  oocaaion  the  moro  fuel  to  be  required  to 

)U  wnter  in  it,  which  is  a  serious  waste  and 
'•crpense  when  vou  have  a  large  steam -boiler 
to  dexd  with.  br.  Faraday  mentiona  the  case 
of  a  Ctoveminent  steamer  that  went  to  Trieste, 
ajid  during  the  voyage  had  so  much  fur 
formed  in  her  boUer  as  to  oblige  all  her 
to  be  consumed,  and  then  the  engineers 
forced  to  bum  Fpars.  rigging,  bolk* 
and  even  chopped  caoles,  ana  to  use 
up  every  shaving  of  spare  timber  in  the  ship, 
Soot  tmdemeath  the  kettle,  as  well  as  fur 
inside  it,  is  a  hindrance  to  boiling,  as  it  ia  a 
bod  conduetor  ;  and  that  ia  the  reason  why 
one  ean  bear  to  hold  a  kettle  of  hot  water, 
which  ifl  very  aooty  on  its  under  surface,  on 
the  flftt  of  the  hand.  So  a  black  kettle  doesn*t 
give  out  its  heat  readily  to  what  touches  it, 
and  so  far  it  is  good  to  keep  water  hot ;  but 
it  gets  rid  of  heat  in  another  way  ;  as  I  dare 
aay  von  know,  uncle." 

**  feh  r*  said  Mr.  Ba^es,  *'  why,  what  1-^ 
no^I  did  know  sometlung  about  it  the  other 
day — but  I  Ve  auch  a  memory  ! — and — eh  1-^ 
no — I  'v©  quite  forgotten  it." 

"  By  radiation,  jou  know.  All  warm 
bodies  are  constantly  giving  off  rays  of  heat, 
as  Bhioing  ones  are  giving  oflF  ra)*s  of  light, 
although  the  heat-rays  are  invisible." 

"How  do  we    know  that  f  asked    Mr, 


a  couple  of  concave  mirrora — a  sort  of 
copper  basuie^  polifilied  iufflde.  Stand  them 
fifcce  to  ta£&,  acme  yards  apart.  Put  a  hot 
iron  ball — not  red  hot — in  the  focus  of  one 
mirror.  Put  a  bit  of  phosphorus  in  the 
focus  ot  the  other.  The  Dhoaphonis  wiH 
take  fire  ;  though  without  tne  mirrors  you 
'  '  V  it  much  nearer  the  hot  iron,  and 
i  not  burn.  So  we  know  that  there 
oi^  i. » T  ri  heat,  because  we  can  reflect  them 
na  we  can  raya  of  light.  Some  things  radiate 
better  than  others.  Thoee  that  have  bright 
metal  surfaces  radiate  worst,  though  such  are 
what  arc  used  for  reflectors.  If  their  surfaces 
are  blackeneii  or  roughened,  they  radiate 
better,  A  bright  kettle  gives  off  fewer  rays 
of  heat  than  a  bhick  one,  and  so  far,  b  better 
to  keep  water  hot  in.  But  then,  on  the 
other  hand,  it  yields  more  heat  to  the  air, 
or  the  Lob  or  hearth  tliat  it  stands  ujjon 
—if  colder  than  itself.  The  bright  kettle 
givtis  off  heat  in  one  way  and  the  black  in 
anr*ti,».,      I  ilon't  know  at  what  comparative 

'ue,  and  half-a-dozen  of  the  other," 
Mr,  iiagges  suggested. 


"Now  look  at  the  wonderful  relations  ot 
the  kettle,  uncle  ♦" 

"  Relations  ?— Eh  ?— what  the  pot  and  the 
aaucetHin  I "  said  Mj-  Rogjies. 

^  Oh,  oh,  uncle  !  Ko  ;  its  reUtiofna  to  the 
pressure  of  the  atmosphere  and  every  cauao 
that  affects  it — to  the  conveyance,  and  con- 
duction and  radiation  of  heat^ — to  latent  heat 
or  caloric,  to  the  properties  of  water,  to  che- 
mical decomposition — and  to  steam  and  its 
astonishing  marvels,  present  and  to  <-ome  !*' 

"  Well,"  said  Mr.  Bagges,  it  is  wcmderfiil  j 
and  the  kettle  certainly  is  y&ry  I'e^jpectably 
connected.  Eh  ?  And  I  hope  to  proflt  by  the 
subject  of  our  conversation  j  and  so,  I  aay 
pour  me  out  a  cup  of  tea." 


WAYCONNELL  TOWER. 

The  tongling  wealth  by  June  amoaaed 
Left  rock  and  ruin  vaguely  seen  : 

Thick  i^y-csbles  held  them  fast ; 
Light  boughs  descended,  floating  greea. 

Slow  turned  the  stoit^,  a  hreathlcsa  height ; 

And  flur  above  they  set  me  free^ 
When  all  the  £uks  of  golden  light 

Were  doauig  down  into  the  sea. 

A  window  half  way  up  the  wall 
They  led  to  J  yet  so  high  was  that^ 

The  t^cst  trees  wore  but  ao  tall 
Aa  just  to  reach  to  where  I  sat 

Alod  within  the  mouldered  tower 
Dork  ivy  fringed  its  round  of  aky ; 

Where  slowly  in  the  deepeoing  hour 
The  Erst  new  stars  unveiled  on  hjgh* 

The  rustling  of  the  foliage  dim. 
The  mui-mur  of  the  cool  grev  tide,— 

With  teare  that  trembled  on  the  brim. 
An  echo  and  to  these  I  sighed. 


0  earth,  I  sighed,  full  strange  it 
I  weep  to  feel  how  &ur  thou  art ! 

O  heaven,  instinct  with  tender  boama; 
It  is  thy  mildness  wrings  my  heart ! 

0  tide,  no  smalleBt  wave  there  runs 
lu  dying  ripples  round  thy  shore. 

But  murmurs,  "  What  thou  owned'st  onoe^ 
Is  lo6t,  aud  loat  for  ovormore  !  " 

Moeit  faintly  faUs  thy  ceaseless  tune  ; 

Tbo  cloud  along  the  aunset  sleeps ;    I 
The  bhantom  of  the  golden  moon 

la  kindled  in  thy  quivering  deeps. 

Meseema  a  magic  term  I  fill. 

Fixed  in  this  ruin-window  etrauge ; 

Through  yeara  of  audneaa  watching  atiU 
A  moon,  a  sea,  that  never  change. 

And  yet  the  moon  ia  mounting  slow  ; 

And  yet  the  aea  is  ebbing  &st ; 
And  from  the  du^  niche  1  go ; 

And  this^  Uke  former  dreams,  ia  peat 

And  other  clearer  voices  call 

To  towers  that  are  not  builded  yet ; 

And,  stepping  from  the  perished  wall. 
My  feet  on  ateadiast  earth  I  set 


182 


HOUSEHOU)  WORDS. 


lCoiil»eM4  If 


THE  WELL  OF  PEN-MORFA. 

ijj  TWO  cuirrr-ns. — t'lurxKH  i. 

Or  a  IniJiilret!  traveUera  who  Hpcnd  a  iii^'lit 
al  TrO-M:uloc,  in  Nortli  Walce,  tt>erc  i*  not 
one,  pcrlmps  who  goc«  to  the  neij;^)l>o«nng 
-village  of  IVn-Moi?ft.  llic  new  town,  Iniilt 
by  >1j'.  Sliuldocks,  Shrlley'e  fiiei>i1,  hria  taken 
awAy  id\  tlie  importance  of  tlic  nncitTit 
%Tll.*ij;e— fonuciiy,  :ia  its  nwii'?  iDi|>or(s,  "  the 
heft*!  of  th^  uuirali;"  thai  maiBh  wliirli 
Mf  ^*  ''  ks  <!rjuiio<1  and  dykt-U,  and  n- 
ch(  I  he  Trarth  Muwr,  till  1  'en-Marf;^ 

a^r;  < I  Is    of    whose    cottajfjca   the 

wi  1  iti  fornif r  dav8,  liJia  come 

to  I   diy,  throe  milea  from  the 

Bt>a,  on  ft  disused  road  to  Cii/(?nmrvon,  I  do 
not  think  thore  has  hcen  a  new  cottAj^e  built 
in  Pen-MurfA  thia  hunib-ed  years  ;  nix^  many 
an  ohi  on<^  hiis  dates  in  some  ol>scnre  corner 
which  tell  of  the  rtflecmth  century.  The 
)o')8t«  of  tirnl*er,  where  they  m©et  overhewl, 
are  bbckoned  with  Iht*  stuoke  of  centuries. 
There  is  on*'  Inrjjje  room,  round  winch  ilie 
b^da  arc  built  like  cupboards,  with  wikhIcu 
doorg  to  op*'n  a»»d  shut ;  «t»mewhat  in  the  old 
Sootcli  fjiHmuUj  J  iuiftgine  ;  and  below  the  bed 
(nt  IcAst,  iu  one  iiiBtazioe  I  cmi  testify  thnt 
this  wiw  the  Cftse,  /uid  I  was  told  it  wiui  not 
uncoramou,)  i^  a  mat  wide  wooden  drawer, 
which  couUdue«l  the  oAt-cake  baked  for  Bome 
mortths'  consumption  by  the  family.  Tliey 
call  the  pi'omonti:)i'y  of  Llyn  (the  point  at  the 
en<l  of  CHornarvoiwhiro),  Wet^h  Wales  ;  I 
thijik  thev  luight  call  Peoi-MorlH  n  Wtlsh 
Welsh  village  ;  it  is  so  national  iu  its  wavH, 
Aitd  buildihx^,  and  inhabitant's,  and  so  dif- 
fereutfi'om  uie  towns  and  haralets  into  which 
the  £uf;ti«h  Ihronff  in  eunimer.  How  theae 
eaid  iidiabitaut^  of  Pen-Morfa  ever  are  dia- 
tioguifihed  by  their  names,  I,  unitiated,  can- 
not tell.  1  only  know  for  a  fact,  that  in  a 
family  thero  with  which  I  am  acquainted,  the 
eldest  9011 'a  name  Is  John  Jones,  because  his 
father's  was  John  Thomas  ;  that  the  second 
son  is  called  David  Wlliams",  because  his 
grantlfatlier  waa  William  Wynn,  and  that  the 
girls  aiv.  called  indiscriminately  by  the  nonjes 
of  Thomas  and  Jonea.  1  have  heard  liome  of 
the  Welsh  chuckle  over  the  way  in  whicli 
they  have  baltlcd  iha  Vtarristers  at  Caernarvon 
Aseizfs,  denying  the  name  under  which  they 
had  been  BubiKi^naed  to  give  evidence,  if  they 
were  unwilling  witnoBseK,  I  could  tell  you  of 
a  gre-at  deal  wliich  ia  iKJCuliai-  antl  wild  in 
theae  true  Welsh  people,  who  are  what  I 
«uppo«e  we  English  were  a  century  ago  ;  but 
I  must  hasten  on  to  my  tale. 

I  have  reccive^l  great,  true,  beautiful  kind- 
new  from  one  of  the  members  of  the  family  of 
whom  I  juHt  nowflpokt?  as  living  at  Pen-Morfa  ; 
and  when  I  foimd  that  they  wished  me  to 
drink  tea  witli  them,  I  gladly  did  so,  though 
ray  friend  v,ns  tlie  only  one  in  the  house,  who 
oould  Bp«ik  English  at  all  fltiently.  After 
tea»  I  went  with  thcra  la  «ec  some  of  their 
finendu ;  ard  it  woa  then  1  saw  the  interiora 


each   side  of 

we  wiiDi  in 

•  Toetl  to 

huu^ie, 

:r>     She 


of  the  ho\i«e«  of  which  I  have  epoken.  ft 
wns  lui   nntumji   evening  ;   we    left  n\ellow 

SUnMet-lI'Ut     In    llu.   i,r...T»    ■',;r   «tw-r,    v  ..    ..,.f.,,.^^ 

the  ho  in 

the   rii  ^  _  the 

windows  wvvv  very  BmaJl,  and  deep  fci  in  the 
thick  walla.  Here  were  an  ohl  couple,  who 
welcomeii  nie  in  Webb,  and  brougla  forth 
milk  and  oat-cake  with  palriarchril  hoHplulity. 
Sons  and  ihuighterB  had  mairjed  away  from 
them  ;  they  livnA.  alone  ;  ho  waa  blind,  or 
nearly  so  j  and  they  f:  " 
the  fire,  so  old  and  ^ 
and  bi'oke  the  silcnrt,,  ... 
tns  listvning  for  Doath.  A 
lived  a  woman  atcni  and  st  \ 
was  busy  hiving  a  swarm  of  bees,  aluue  and 
uiiafisisted.  I  do  not  tltiidc  my  compai>iop 
would  have  cho.sen  to  Fpeak  to  her,  but  weing 
her  out  in  her  hill-didc  garden,  she  ma*le  some 
enquiry  in  Welnh,  whieii  was  aiutwered  in  the 
most  mournful  tone  I  ever  heard  in  my  life  ; 
a  voice  of  which  the  freshneaa  and  **  timbre  '* 
had  been  choked  up  by  tears  long  years  ago. 
I  aakcd  who  she  waa.  I  dar<*  tsAy  tf\e  story  la 
common  enough,  but  the  sight  of  i\w  wotmui, 
and  her  few  words  had  impressed  me.  She 
had  be«n  the  beauty  of  Pen-Morfa  ;  had  h^ai 
in  Ber>'ice  ;  luul  been  taken  to  L<mdon  by  tho 
family  whom  she  served  ;  Ijad  come  down,  in 
a  year  or  bo,  back  to  Pen•Morf}^  her  beautv 

fone  into  that  sad,  wild,  despairing  look  whicn 
SAW  ;  and  she  about  to  oecome  a  motlien 
Her  father  had  died  during  her    '  aid 

I  left  her  a  very  little  money;   ;  Ip»>p 

'  child  waa   born  she  took  the    1  i^ 

where  I  saw  her,  and  made  a  6Cm 
the  produce  of  her  be^,    STu*  n~  ;  1 1 

no  one.    One  event  had  m ;>  1 

distrustful  to  her  kind     ."^  _  i  fi 

aloof  that  it  was  some  time  before-  it  LHrouno 
known  that  her  child  was  dtpformeil,  and  had 
lost  the  tise  of  its  lower  limbs.  Poor  thing  1 
when  I  saw  the  mother,  it  had  been  for  fiidecrn 
yeara  1  '  -  '  ;  but  go  past  when  j'Oii 
would,  ht,  yt>u  saw  a  light  b\i ruing  j 

it  W!w  -Ml' II  uiut  of  the  watching  mother, 
Bolitar)'  and  friendless,  soothing  the  moaning 
child  ;  or  you  might  hoar  her  crooning  eome 
old  Welsh  air,  m  liope«  to  Rtill  the  pain  with 
tho  loud,  monotonous  music.  Her  sorrow 
was  so  iliguified,  a&d  her  mute  endurance  and 
her  patient  love  won  her  such  reeywct,  that 
the  ueighlwurs  would  fain  have  been  friemis  ; 
but  she  kept  alone  and  sjobtary,  TltiH  is  a 
most  true  story.     I  h<  :  und  her 

child  are  dead  now,  an  »ve. 

Another  story  which  j  nvwu  'm  iheseold 
prinaitive  dwelimgs  I  mean  to  tell  at  some- 
what greater  length : — 

There  are  rodcs  high  above  Pen-Morfa; 
they  are  the  same  that  hang  over  Tr?  ?\T;idoc, 
but  near  Pen-Morfa  they  sweep  ^re 

lost  in  the  plain.  Ever}'whciX'  t  h  e  \  i  ul. 

Tlve  great  sharj)  ledgci*  which  would  other- 
wise look  hard  and  cold,  ait^  ailMrnc«l  with  the 
bnghtest^ooloured  mofis,  and  the  golden 


THE  WELL  Of  PEN-MOBFA, 


183 


Close  ti^i  yoM  B«e  the  scfurlet  leaves  of  the 
crwicVbill.  wkI  the  tofta  of  purple  heather, 
whkh  till  up  every  cleft  And  craoBj ;  but  In 
th<t  diMance  you  see  ouly  the  general  effect  of 
ir  '  Itueaa  of  coloui*,  broken  Lei-e  and 

tl  >3»t  maves  of  ivy-    At  the  foot  of 

tiiCTc  *^>eivB  come  a  rich  veriknt  meadow  or 
two  i  tod  then  yon  ai-e  at  Peu-Morfa,  Tlie 
liUbige  weU  is  sharp  down  un^I.  r  tlie  rocki). 
Then  ftTQ  one  or  two  l&i  pieces  of 

tUUM  in  that  last  &eld,  ou  r  i  adiii^  to 

the  wdl,  which  are  always  slippery  ;  sUppery 
In  tJie  euiumer'a  heat,  ahuottt  aa  much  as  io 
tli«  &oBt  of  i^iiiter^  when  some  little  ghtasy 
stream  that  runs  over  them  in  turned  into  a 
thin  abeet  of  ice.  Many,  many  years  hiwk — 
a  lifetime  ago— there  lived  iu  Feu-Moi-fu  a 
widow  and  her  daught4»r.  Very  Uttk  id  re- 
quired in  those  out-of-the-way  Wekh  vdlagoa 
The  wants  of  the  people  are  ver>'  simple. 
Shelter,  fire,  a  little  ocit-cake  and  buttermiUc. 
and  garden  produce  ;  perbapa  mma  pork  and 
faaooo  fiN>m  the  pig  iu  winter  ;  clothing,  which 
ii  principally  of  home  manufacture,  and  of  the 
moat  enduring  kind :  thete  take  very  little 
money  to  purchase,  eapecially  in  a  district 
izito  which  the  large  capitali^  have  not  yet 
oome,  to  buy  up  two  or  thuM  fhcrea  of  the 
jM<Mfttji« ;  oud  nearly  eveij  man  about  Ban* 
tAnrfa  owned,  at  the  time  of  which  I  speak, 
dwt^llif  '  ;.rn1  <r,me  land  beside. 
Jle.  I  0  rited  the  cottage  (by  the 

hand  as  you  go  from  Ti-fi- 
Hadoc  w  reu-jVloriaX  in  wluch  «he  and  her 
huBband  haii  lived  all  their  luarried  life,  and 
m  noaU  garden  ftlopiDe  aoathwarda,  in  which 
\tr  \ie*m  Ungerdd  bemre  winging  their  way 
1      *  e  distant  heather.    She  took  rans 

neighbours  as  the  pofise^H^r  of  a 
axMitrMte  independence — not  rich,  and  not 
poor.  But  Uie  young  roeu  of  Pen-Morfa 
thought  her  verr  rich  in  tlie  posseHaion  of  a 
moat  bveiy  daughter.  Most  ol  us  know  how 
very  jwetty  Wewh  women  are  ;  but  from  all 
aeeounta,  f^^tt  Gwynn  (Nest,  or  Nesta,  is  the 
WeUli  for  Agnet)  was  more  reguhirly  beauti- 
fol  than  any  one  for  miles  around.  The  Welsh 
are  still  fond  of  ti-iiula,  and  "  as  beautiful  as  a 
summer's  momiug  at  sun-rioe,  as  a  white  sea^ 
ffuU  on  the  green  sea-wave,  and  as  Nest 
Wwynn,''  id  yet  a  saying  in  that  district.  Nest 
knew  she  wns  beautiful,  and  drlighted  in 
H^  JT' •■  ii...M.^r  sometiro*^  ..i.^..l-,^i  y^^^  m 
her  J I  and  eomc  nded  her 

that  I"  a  great-  -J  (for  the 

Welsk  are  a  vivry  pious  people) ;  but  when  she 
began  her  little  homily,  Nest  came  dancing  to 
her,  and  knelt  down  before  her  and  put  ner 
fiwe  up  to  be  kisse^l,  and  eo  with  a  sweet 
'>  11  Bhc  Btoni>ed  her  mother's  lipa. 

j'irits  maae  some  tew  shake  their 
nwi   some  calle<l    her  a  flirt  and  a 
e ;   for  she  could  not  help  tiying  to 
all,  both  old  and  ym?'  ■'    ^  ••  i^  ^'v-f;  fuid 
A  Yen'  littk  (in  1  fur 

this  ]  a  sweet  ghttering  aiui.,, .,  .  .  i  ,.  Lmd- 
ueMA,  a  merry  gUnce,  or  a  little  sympathy,  all 


f  ed  and  attracted  ;  she  was  like  the 

1  child,  and  drowed  inestimable 
gUL^s.  Uut  some,  who  had  interpreted  her 
smiles  and  k'md  words  rather  ns  their  wi^lu^ti 
led  them  tluui  ii»  they  were  really  ^'^  1. 

fouiid  that  the  l>eautiful^  beaming  "^ 
Ihl!  decide*  I  and  saucy  enough,  aini   r?-   . 
revenged  themselves  by  call'mg  her  a  fl:i 
Her  mother  heard  it  and  sighed;  but  >«c--l 
only  laughed. 

^t  was  her  work  to  fetch  water  for  the 
day's  use  from  the  well  I  told  you  alxmt. 
Old  people  say  it  was  the  prettiest  sight  in 
the  world  to  see  her  oome  steppinj,'  figlttly 
and  gingerly  over  the  stones,  with  the  pad  ot 
water  l»alauced  on  her  head ;  she  was  too 
adroit  to  need  to  steatly  it  with  her  hand. 
The;^  say,  now  that  they  can  afford  to  be 
chaiitable  and  speak  the  truth,  that  Ln  all  her 
dianges  to  other  people,  there  never  was  a 
better  daughter  to  a  widowed  mother  than 
Nest,  There  is  a  picturesque  old  fiirm-house 
under  Moel  Gwynu,  on  the  road  from  Ti*^ 
Madoc  to  Criccaeth,  (»lled  by  some  Welsh 
name  which  I  now  fwet ;  but  it*  meaning  in 
Engliah  is  "The  End  of  Time;"  a  stranpe, 
boding,  ominous  name.  Perhaps  the  builcu^r 
meautnis  work  to  endure  till  the  end  of  time*. 
I  do  not  Icnow  ;  but  tliere  the  old  bouse 
stands,  and  will  stand  for  many  a  year.  'Wlien 
Neat  was  young,  it  belonge<l  to  one  Edward 
Williams ;  his  mother  was  dead^  and  people 
said  he  was  on  the  look-out  for  a  wife.  They 
told  Nest  so,  but  she  tossed  her  head  and 
reddened,  and  said  she  thought  hu  might  look 
long  before  he  got  one  ;  so  it  was  not  atran^e 
that  one  morning  when  she  went  t^  the  well, 
one  automn  morning  when  the  dew  lay  hea^*y 
on  the  graa^  and  the  thrushes  were  busy 
among  the  mountain-ash  berries,  Edw^am 
Williams  hapi^eued  to  be  there  on  his  way 
to  the  coursing  match  near,  and  somehow  his 
greyhounds  threw  her  paU  of  water  over  in 
their  romping  play,  antl  she  was  very  long 
in  tilling  it  sgmn  ;  and  when  she  came  home 
she  threw  her  arms  round  her  mother*s  neck, 
and  in  a  passion  of  jovous  teara  told  her  that 
Edwani  Williams  of  'The  End  of  Time,  had 
asked  her  to  marry  him,  and  tliat  slie  ha^l 
8wd«Ye«." 

Eleanor  Gwynn  shed  her  tears  too ;  but 
they  fell  quietly  when  she  was  alone.  She 
was  thankful  Nest  had  found  a  protector- 
one  suitable  in  age  imd  apparent  character, 
and  above  her  infortune  ;  but  she  knew  she 
Hliould  miss  her  sweet  daughter  in  a  thousand 
household  ways  ;  miss  hei*  in  the  evenings  by 
the  lire-side  [  miss  her  when  at  night  she 
wakened  up  with  a  start  fi'om  a  dream  of  her 
youth,  and  saw  her  £ur  face  lyin^  calm  in 
the  moonlight,  niilowed  by  her  siae.  Then 
she  forgot  her  oream,  and  blessed  her  child, 
and  slept  again.  But  who  could  be  m  seltish 
as  to  be  sad  when  Nest  was  so  supremely 
lia}jpy  ]  She  danced  and  sang  more  than 
ever ;  and  tlicn  sat  silent,  and  smile^l  to 
hefwslf :  if  spoken  to,  she  started  and  came 


I 


{ 


184 


HOUSEHOLD  WOEDS. 


n 


(C<miact«dky 


P 


back  to  tbe  present  with  &  Bcurlet  bluAh, 
which  told  what  she  baii  been  thinking  of. 

Tbiit  was  a  B\tirj)y,happy,encKanted  ftutumn. 
But  the  winter  wxus  nign  at  hand ;  and  with 
it  came  aoirow.  One  line  frosty  morning, 
Neat  wont  out  with  her  lover — abe  to  the 
well,  he  tc>  Bome  fiimiiug  bnainesB,  which  was 
tt>  be  t>Tfmsaeted  at  the  little  inn  of  Pen- 
Moi^a,  He  waa  hito  for  his  appointment  j  so 
he  left  her  at  the  entrance  of  tne  village,  and 
hftstened  to  the  inn ;  and  she,  in  her  liest 
clonk  and  new  bat  (put  on  against  lier 
niother*s  advice  ;  but  they  were  a  recent 
pnrchftae,  nnd  very  becomini^,)  went  through 
the  Dol  Mawr,  raiiiant  with  love  and  happi- 
ness. One  who  lived  until  lately,  met  ber 
going  down  towai'ds  the  well^  that  monaiBg  ; 
and  ftaid  he  turned  round  to  look  after  ber, 
she  Reemed  unusually  lovely.  He  wondered 
at  tbe  time  at  her  wearinfr  her  Sunday 
clothei* ;  for  the  pretty,  hooded  blue-cloth 
cloak  is  kept  among  the  Welsh  women  as  a 
churcth  and  market  garment,  and  not  com- 
monly used  even  on  the  coldest  days  of 
winti^r  for  such  houseboM  errands  aa  fetching 
water  from  tho  well.  However,  as  be  said, 
"  It  wju*  not  jfMTsaible  to  look  in  her  &oe,  and 
'fault*  anythmg  she  wore."  Down  the  sloplng- 
etones  the  girl  went  blithely  with  her  j^>ail. 
8ho  filled  it  at  tbe  well ;  and  then  8he  took 
off  her  hat,  tied  the  striJigH  together,  nnd 
elnng  it  over  her  arm ;  she  lifted  the  heavy 
pail  nnd  balanced  it  on  her  heaiil.  But  alas  I 
:u  going  up  the  smooth,  tdippery,  treacherous 
rocK»  the  encumbrance  of  her  cloak — it  might 
by  such  a  trifle  as  her  slung  hat — Bometbuig, 
at  any  rate,  took  away  lier  evennesaa  of  poiae  ; 
the  freaiiet  bad  fi-ozen  on  tbe  slanting  atone, 
and  w:lh  one  coat  of  ice  ;  poor  Nest  fell,  ana 
put  out  ber  hip.  No  more  flaahing  rosy 
colour  on  that  sra'eet  face — no  more  look  of 
beaming  innocent  hai>pioess  j — instead,  there 
Wfui  d^ly  pallor,  and  ftlniy  eyes,  over  which 
dark  nhadea  seemeti  to  chase  each  othi^r  as 
the  ehoots  of  agony  grew  more  and  more 
inten.se»  She  acreamed  once  or  twice  ;  but 
the  exertion  (involuntary,  and  foroeti  out  of 
her  by  excessive  pain)  overcame  her,  and  she 
fainted.  A  child  coming  an  hour  or  so  after- 
wards on  tbe  aame  errand,  saw  lier  lying 
there  iee^glued  to  the  Rtone,  and  thought  she 
was  dead.     It  flew  crying  back. 

"  Nest  Gwynn  ia  dead  !  Nest  Gwynn  i» 
dearl !"  and,  cnuty  with  fear,  it  did  not  stop 
until  it  hmi  hid  its  head  in  its  mother's  laii. 
Tbe  village  waa  alarme^l,  and  a!l  who  were  able 
went  in  naate  towards  the  well.  Poor  Neat 
bad  often  thought  she  was  dying  in  that 
dreary  hour;  hwl  taken  fainting  for  death, 
and  struggled  agaiiist  it ;  and  praj-cd  that 
Goil  would  keep  her  alive  till  she  could  see 
her  lovcr*a  fiace  once  more  ;  and  when  she  did 
eee  it,  white  with  ten*oi',  bending  ovta*  her,  she 
^ave  a  feeble  smile,  and  kt  herself  faint  away 
mto  unconsciousness. 

Many  a  month  she  lay  on  her  bed  unable  to 
move.    Sometimea  the  was  delirious,  some- 


timea  worn-out  into  tl^e  deepest  depre8«>ion. 
Through  all,  her  mother  watched  ber  with 
temlerest  care.  The  neighboun  would  com© 
and  offer  help.  They  would  bring  present*  of 
coimtry  dainties  ;  and  I  do  not  suppose  that 
there  wan  a  better  dinner  than  onlinary 
cooked  in  any  bouflehold  in  Pen-Moifa  pariah, 
but  a  jxjrtion  of  it  was  sent  to  Eleanor  Gwynn, 
if  not  for  lier  sick  daughter,  to  try  and  tempt 
her  heraelf  to  eat  and  be  strengtheueH  ;  for  to 
no  one  would  she  delegate  tho  duty  of  watching 
over  her  child.  Rlward  Williams  wiis  for  « 
long  time  moat  aasiduoufl  in  his  inquiries  and 
attentions ;  but  bv-and-by  (ah  !  vou  see  the 
dark  fate  of  poor  Nest  now),  be  BWkeueil,  «o 
little  at  first  tliat  Eleanor  blamed  herself  for 
her  jealousy  on  her  daughter's  behalf,  and 
chid  her  suBpicious  heart.  But  as  spring 
ripened  into  summer,  and  Nest  was  still  bed- 
ridden, Edward's  coolness  was  visible  to  more 
than  the  p<x>r  mother.  The  neighljoura  would 
have  spoken  to  her  about  it,  but  she  shrunk 
from  tbe  subject  as  if  they  wei'e  probing  a 
wound.  "  At  any  rate,*'  thought  she,  '*  Neet 
shall  he  strong  before  she  is  told  alx»ut  it. 
I  wUl  tell  lies — I  shall  be  forgiven — but  I 
must  save  my  child  ;  and  when  she  is  stronrar 

IterhapB  I  may  be  able  to  comfort  her.  Cm  I 
wish  she  would  not  speak  to  him  so  tenderly 
an<l  tnist fully,  when  she  is  delirious.  I  ^H)\^\a 
curse  him  when  she  does."  And  then  Nest 
would  call  for  her  mother,  and  Eleanor  would 
go,  and  invent  some  strange  story  about  iho 
Buimnonses  E<iward  bad  had  to  Cacniarvon 
assizes,  or  to  Harlech  cattle  market.  But  at 
last  she  waa  driven  to  ber  witii^  eutl ;  it  waa 
three  weeks  since  be  had  even  stopped  at  the 
iloor  to  enquire,  and  Eleanor,  niad  with 
anxiety  alwut  her  child,  who  was  silentlj 

flitting  off  to  death  for  want  of  tidings  of  h«r 
over,  put  on  her  cloak,  when  she  hoiJ  lulled 
ber  daughter  to  sleep  one  fuie  June  evening^ 
and  set  otT  to  **The  End  of  Time."  The  grcSb 
plain  which  stretches  out  like  an  ampbi-* 
theatre^,  in  tbe  liulf-oirol«  of  hills  formed  by 
tbe  I'anges  of  Moel  Gwjnm  and  the  TrB- 
Manioc  Kocks,  w«s  all  golden-green  in  the 
mellow  light  of  aunaet.  To  Eleanor  it  might 
have  been  black  with  winter  frost,  ftbe  never 
noticed  outwfird  thine  tiU  she  reached 
The  End  of  Time  ;  and  there,  in  tlie  little 
farm-y(U'd,  she  was  brought  to  a  senjae 
of  her  preaent  hour  and  errand  l*y  seeing 
Edward.  He  was  examining  wome  hay, 
newly  stacked  ;  the  aii-  wm  aocntetl  by  ita 
fi'agrance,  and  by  the  lingering  sweetiieas  of 
the  breath  of  *the  cows.  When  Edward 
tiiiTieti  roimd  at  the  footstep  and  saw 
Eleanor,  he  coloured  and  looke<l  confused ; 
however,  be  came  forward  to  meet  her  in  ft 
conlial  manner  enough, 

"  It  *s  a  fine  evening,"  said  he,  "  How  is 
Nest  1  But,  indeed,  you're  being  here  is  a 
sign  she  is  better.  Won''t  you  conie  in  and 
sit  down  f  "  He  spoke  hui-reilly,  as  if  aHeoting 
a  Welcome  which  he  did  not  feel. 

'' Thank  you.    Ill  iust  take  this  mUkifig* 


THE  WELL  OF  PEN-MOKFA, 


186 


'  -rn  here.    Tlie  open  air  ia  like 

\  ^  abut  up  30  l«.>iig-" 

"  ll  i^  a  k<ii^  time,"  he  replied,  "  moro  thnn 
fiv*]i  iDontlia." 

^'  *  v>Tiii  was  ti-cmbling^  at  li^art.  She 
1.  r  which  slie  did  not  wi^h  to  show  ; 

f<>i,  .;  -,,  ...ly  m.iiii  festal  ions  of  temper  or  re- 
8eiitui«:*iiit  she  leaaened  or  broke  the  wiiuiug 
thr^Ail  of  attfichment  which  bound  hiiu  to  her 
dmigltter,  ahe  felt  she  should  never  forgive 
heraelC  Slie  kept  inwardly  saying, "  Patience, 
Mtience  !  lie  may  be  true  and  love  her  yet  ; " 
oat  her  LndigDant  convictions  gave  her  words 
the  lie, 

"  It  *»  a  long  time,  Edward  Williams,  since 
yon  Ve  V»ecn  near  us  to  ask  after  Nejit ; "  said 
fthe.  *'  Slie  may  be  bett«:r,  or  she  may  be 
worse,  for  aught  jxm  know."  She  looked  up 
at  him  reproachfully,  but  stpoke  in  a  gentle 
qtjiel  tone, 

**  I— you  see  the  hay  baa  been  a  long  piece 
of  work.  The  weather  has  been  fi-actious — 
and  a  roaster^s  eye  ia  needed.  Beades,"  said 
hej  as  if  he  had  found  the  rcaaon  for  which  he 
•ought  bj  account  for  his  absence,  **I  have 
Ikeaix)  of  her  from  Kowland  Jones.  I  was  at 
the  surgery  for  some  horee-mediclne — he  told 
me  .^bout  her ; "  and  a  shade  came  over  his 
fece,  ;is  he  remembered  what  the  doctor  had 
paid.  Did  he  think  that  shade  would  escape 
the  mother's  eye  ? 

*■  Yoti  saw  Rowland  Jones  !  Oh,  man-alive, 
tell  me  what  he  said  of  my  girl  !  He  'll  say 
nothing  to  me,  but  just  hems  and  haws  the 
more  1  pray  him.  But  you  will  tell  me.  You 
must  tell  me,"  She  stood  up  and  spoke 
In  u  lone  of  conmiand,  which  his  feeling 
i:  '  '  "  ,  weakened  just  then  by  an 
:.  nee,  di<i  not   enable   him  to 

it«i-...  jir  ^, i\>ve  to  evade  the  question, 
however. 

"  It  was  an  luducky  day  that  ever  she  went 
to  the  weU  !  " 

Tell  me  what    the    doctor  said  of  my 
repeated    Mrs.   Gwyiin,      "Will  ahe 

re,  or  will  she  die  1 "  He  did  not  dare  to 
disot)ey  Iht*  iniperious  tone  in  which  this 
question  was  put. 

*'0h,  ahe  yn\{  live,  don't  be  afraid.  Tlie 
doctor  fenid  she  would  Hve.**  He  did  not  mean 
to  lay  any  ]^HK'aliar  emphaais  on  the  word 
"live,"  but  ??omehow  he  did,  and  she,  whose 
every  nerve  vibrated  Tvnth  anxiety,  caught  the 
word. 

"  She  will  live  !  "  repeated  she.  **  But  there 
is  something  behind.  TeU  me,  for  I  wDl  know. 
If  you  won't  say,  I  *li  go  to  Rowland  Jones 
to-fught  and  make  him  tell  me  what  he  has 
siud  t*)  you." 

There  had  passed  something  in  this  con- 
rereation  between  himself  and  ^e  doctor, 
which  Edward  did  not  wish  to  have  known  ; 
smd  Mrs.  Owynn's  threat  had  the  desired 
eflbct*    Rut  he  looked  vexed  and  irritated. 

"  You  have  such  impatient  waj^  with  you, 
Mrs.  Gwynn,"  he  remonstrated. 

**  I  am  a  mother  asking  news  of  mj  sick 


child,"  stud  she.  "  Go  on.  Wliat  did  he  say  ? 
She'll  live — "iw  if  ^ving  the  clue. 

"  She  '11  hvc.  he  has  no  doubt  of  that.  But 
he  thinks — now  don't  eleueh  your  hands  so— 1 
can't  teU  you  if  you  look  in  that  way ;  you 
are  enough  to  frighten  a  man." 

"  I  'm  not  sneuddng,"  said  she  in  a  low 
husky  tone.  "  Never  mind  my  looks  :  she  'U 
live-" 

'*  But  she  '11  be  a  cripple  for  life.— There  ! 
you  would  have  it  out,"  said  he,  sulkily. 

**  A  cripple  for  life,"  repeated  she*  slowly. 
"  And  I  'm  one-and-twenty  years  older  than 
she  ia  !  "    She  sighed  heavilj'. 

"  And,  as  we  Te  about  it,  I  'U  just  tell  yott 
what  is  tn  my  mind,"  said  he,  humed  and  con* 
fused,  "  I  Ve  a  d^  of  cattle  ;  and  the  farm 
makes  heavy  work,  as  much  as  an  able  healthy 
woman  can  do.  So  you  see — "  He  stoppeo, 
wishing  her  to  understand  his  meaning  with- 
out words.  But  she  would  not.  She  tixed 
her  dark  eyes  on  him,  as  if  reading  hia  soul, 
till  he  flinched  imder  her  gaze. 

**  Well,"  said  she,  at  length,  "say  on.  Re- 
member I  Ve  a  deal  of  work  in  me  vet,  auc 
what  strength  is  mine  is  my  daughter's," 

^'  You  're  very  good.  But,  altogether,  you 
must  be  aware,  Nest  will  never  be  the  same 
as  she  was." 

"And  you  Ve  not  yet  «wom  in  the  iace  of 
God  to  take  her  for  better,  for  worse  j  and, 
as  ahe  is  worse  " — ahe  looked  in  his  face, 
caught  her  breath,  and  went  on — '^  as  ahe  ia 
woi-se,  why,  you  cast  her  o^  not  being  church- 
tied  to  her.  Though  her  body  mav  be  crip- 
pled, her  poor  heart  is  the  same— olaa !— and 
full  of  love  for  you.  £dward,  yon  don*t 
mean  to  break  it  oflf  because  of  our  sorrows. 
You  Ve  only  trying  lue,  I  know,"  said  she,  aa 
if  Ihcgging  him  to  assure  her  that  her  fears 
were  ud^  "But,  you  see,  I'm  a  foolish 
woman — a  poor  foolish  woman — ^and  ready  to 
take  fright  at  a  few  words."  She  smiled  up 
in  his  tace  ;  but  it  was  a  forced  doubting 
smile,  and  his  face  still  retained  its  snUen 
dogged  aapect. 

"Nay,  Mrs,  CJwynn,"  eaid  he,  " you  spoke 
truth  at  first.  Your  own  good  sense  tola  yon 
Nest  would  never  be  fit  to  be  any  man's  wilo 
— unless,  indeed,  she  could  catch  Mr,  Gtilliths 
of  TjTiwntyrybwlch  ;  he  might  keep  her  a 
carriage,  may-be."  Edward  really  did  not 
mean  to  be  imfeeling  ;  but  he  was  obtuse, 
and  wished  to  carry  off  his  embarrassment  by 
a  kind  of  friendly  joke  which  he  had  no  idea 
would  sling  the  poor  mother  as  it  did.  He 
was  startled  at  her  manner. 

"Put  it  in  wortl^  like  a  man.  Wlmtever 
you  mean  by  my  child,  say  it  lor  yoursel  \\  and 
d<m't  speak  as  if  my  gooi  sense  had  told  me 
anything.  1  stand '  here,  doubting  my  own 
thoughts,  cursing  my  own  fears,  Don  1 1)e  a 
coward.  I  ask  you  whether  you  and  N«t 
are  troth-plight  1 " 

**  I  am  not  a  cowai-d.  Since  you  ask  me,  I 
answer^  Neet  and  I  uere  troth-plight ;  hut  we 
are  not.    I  cannot— no  one  would  expect  me 


-^ 


100 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


LC4jb4AcM4  ky 


^ 


tnniOiT  to 
the  riood- 

'  ..  '  ■■••y. 
c^iiuc  ;  V,  ii.ti.  an 
r;uais  MUiltleiily 
do  in;  litjhtmug 


to  wed  a  cripple.  It  *»  your  own  doing  I  've 
told  you  now ;  I  hnd  fUAcle  ii]i  my  mind, 
but  I  tthould  Imve  waited  a  Hi  before  telling 
you," 

"Very  well/' «.iid  ft!  ' 

go   nwjiy  ;    but    her   \\ 
mites,  uud  swept  away  .iii^<  i 
Rion^lit.    She  moved  itiid  gtcnv  i 
Her  lip}*  pru^Unl,  bi;*   "^  .-.  i..|,l 
h>*8toncnl  mot.iuij  y\ 
up  to  hi'uven,  119  ii 

towanls  the  ^j-ey  old  houKe  to  whk^li  ahe 
pointiHl  aa  th«y  fell,  and  then  she  spoke  : — 

"  The  widow's  cliUd  vt  uutrieuded,  A» 
imrwly  na  th<»  iS?iviour  broucht  the  Hon  of  a 
widow  fi  1 1   to  life,  lor  her  tear«  iumI 

cries,  Kt>  I  God  and  Hia  angels  watch 

over  my  A-ni,  :iu'\  av.iij'  her  cruel  wrongs.'^ 
She  turned  uway  nv.    ].,i  ,.  uud  wringing  ner 

llAUdA. 

EdwBinl  went  in-doors  ;  he  hsid  no  more 
dc«ir«  to  reckon  hin  ittores ;  ho  sat  by  the 
lire,  looking  gloomily  ht  the  red  a«hes.  He 
might  have  been  there  liair-tuidiour  or  moio. 
whvn  tome  ouc  knockL*d  at  the  door.  He 
would  not  apeaik.  Ue  wonted  no  one*«  oom- 
p«oy.  Another  knrjck  sharp  and  loud.  Ue 
did  not  apeak.  Then  the  visitor  oi>ened  the 
do'  1  '  I  TiBe  —  alruottt   to   his 

all:  i!L  canie  in. 

*•  i  Mi-.>  v.-M  i>.  1.-  ii- re.  I  knew  you  couM 
not  ^(t  out  into  thn  clear,  h<^4y  nigid,  a"*  if 
nolhmc  hml  happened,  <di '  .IJ  I  cuiiie  yoii  / 
It'  I  did,  1  beg  you  to  I  ;  and  1  will 

try  anil  ?iak  the  AUuigl  ^  you,  if  you 

Will  but  have  a  iitlli^^*  merry — a  very  Utile. 
It  will  kill  my  Newt  if  Hhe  know«  the  tmth 
now-*«»he  in  so  very  weak.  Why,  ahe  cannot 
ftved  homelf,  ftho  ia  so  low  and  ffebl«»,  Ymu 
would  not  wi«h  to  kill  her,  I  think,  Etlwjird ! '* 
She  kniked  at  liirn  aa  if  expecting  an  answer  ; 
bnt  he  did  not  «i»euk.  She  went  down  on  her 
knees  on  ih««  iLv^A  Uy  him. 

"  You  will  give  me  a  little  time,  BJwarrI,  T«' 
get  her  strong,  won't  you,  now  j  I  ask  it  * 
my  l>eitded  Ktiecji  I  Perhaps,  if  I  pnjmir 
never  to  curse  you  a^^aln,  you  will  come  »oaie- 
tiraea  to  nee  l>er,  till  she  is  well  enouch  to 
know  how  all  is  over,  and  her  heart*  hopea 
cru»he«l.  Oidy  say  you  11  come  for  a  month, 
or  »o,  Afl  if  you  still  loved  her— the  poor 
cripple — forlorn  of  the  world.  I  *ll  get  htr 
strong,  and  not  t«x  you  long."  Her  tears  fell 
too  (nMt  for  her  to  go  on. 

"Get  tjp,  Mr«,  Gwynn,"  Edwartl  iiaid, 
"  Don't  kneel  to  mo.  1  have  no  objection  to 
ooroe  and  see  Nest,  now  and  then,  so  that  jdl 
l»  clear  between  you  and  me.  Poor  thiuf,* ! 
I  *m  Borry,  as  it  happens,  ahe  'a  bo  tak«n  up 
with  the  thought  of  me." 

"  It  waA  likdy,  waa  not  it  I  imd  you  to  have 
b»jen  her  husband  before  thin  time,  if— Oh, 
miserable  me  !  lo  let  my  child  go  and  rlim 
her  bright  lii'e  !  But  you  'U  forgive  me,  and 
come  aometimcfl,  iust  for  a  little  quailer  of  an 
hour,  once  or  twice  a-week.  Perliape  she  '11 
b«  asleep  Bometimes  when  yua  call,  and  then, 


you  know,  you  nee<l  not  come  In.     If  aha 
were  not  m  ill,  I  \[  never  ask  vou." 

So  low  and  humble  wna  tfics  poor  widow 
brtmj^ht,  tlirough  her  exceeding  love  for  her 

daughter. 


CHIPS. 

LlEOTl^XANT  WAhUORX  AXU  JI1»  WIDOW. 

Facts  have  come  to  our  knowlcdL^e  sinof 
the  publieation  of  **  The  Life  mid  Ltiboura  of 
Lieutenaut  W;ighiim/'  *  whieh  Umi\  wi'y 
much    to    absolve  tin-    '"'  ,rid   the 

Eitgi  India  Cotupany  niton  of 

not  having  duly  rewium^i  ..n.  >»  a^hoin  for 
hiR  i»4M*\ncoBf  nor  ad«qu;U«ly  peu»ioneil  hia 
widow. 

It  appeiars,  beyond  all  doubt,  tliat  bwiidea 
having  beeu  promoted  to  the  rank  uf  Lieutenant 
in  tlie  Navy,  aoUly  for  hia  onetxy  in  ypening 
the  Overland  Houto  (for  Mr.  \^':i>jh  jrn    liad 


not  been,  durin;^  s<.«ne  time,  acti^t 
in  Hit  Majpiitv''*  wrvitv),  h*'  r» 

hi-  '■      '  ■      '    ■ 


rig 
t:  usury 
V  Th« 


■  ■•Ii 

ud 
ida 
5nt 


icTrieMt4;$  routs,  waa  one  for  boll  1 
Hia  claim  waa  aix  thousand  pom,..  , 
BiMU'd  awaixled   to  the  Lientenroit   1 
thmi  two  thouadnd  poumlii :    fom    m 
jxaniiU  were  iiecordiuijly  paMl  ii 
fur  that  special  service.     This  lii- 
waa  not,  however,  without  auUtetiueut  egm- 
|»tautati*'n. 

When  the Qu»\«<tionof  Lieutenant  Waglioni'l 
general  sorvieeii  waa  brought  furwxuxl,  tha 
a  .  .      ■   '  .    ■•■   ■•  ";-:.ut 

oi  1  he 

SailH.-  itni«-    a    «  i.-iti   Lit, 11   mr     ^■^,^^^l     Ijiuiii    »^«jm- 

uany  would  coiue  fut  wni-iJ  with  the  hko  sum* 
The  Directors,  howevt^r  nr.r.ii,  ,1  ...uNerting 
the  craiit  into  a  life  ;i  1    it  at 


Iwo  uu]jdri.'d 


Mr. 


vear. 

was  alierwainU  pla      1      ii 
order  of  the  Qucrcu,  i   i   va 
liuuJrcd  ixur  auuum.    The  Blnte  of  titu  Cund 
wa.**,  however,  Huch,  that  the   penaiou  could 


«1;  but 
Ehould 

.  a  pay 
of  two 

n   Lieu- 

m1  K;i3t 

Ilia 
en 

r  1:1; it  Wil- 
li  hun- 
undrcd 
A\  aumt  of 
another  lif^e  penaion  for  the  tike  amuttuL 

We,  ip  »->►»»"■. fi  with  maiiv  ..r    .i.*  .oiitem* 
porarit  >  have  e<  i^tated 

(on  aulJ J    . .  could  not  at  -••  doubt) 


not  then  (1846)  be  f 
in  order  tlmt  Licutfi 
RUtttaiiJ  no  loss  from  thir>  *  n 
ment  wnji  ma^lu  <^iunu^  tli« 
hundred  pountls  out  ol  the  ; 

The  iiccount,  thereftu-e, 
tenant  \V.-i|y;hom  and  the  M 
Tutlia  Company,  s-toixi  thu.-- 
career  unhappily  elosoti : — 1  <- 
paid  four  thousand  {>ouuds  fui  di^ 
m  opening  the  Tri«'!9tt>  rnutf,  l/n'uti 
honi  hiwl  obtainc'l 
dred  pounds,  and 
a  year,  together  wuu  uk'   uim    ( 


CVul«a  DwkRiA.1 


CHIPS. 


187 


the  "  rxtrt-me  «ltwtitutioii  "  of  Mrs.  Wftgbom. 
Mr.  \S  i4jhoru  La<l  but  recent Ij  married;  and 
when  At  his  Ueutli  a  ]>ezL{slou  wha  mkml  for 
Ma  wi<low,  uiilj  forty  poiinda  of  the  sniAil 
aiuiunl  faiid  &t  the  dbpoBal  of  the  Govern- 
ment applicable  for  such  a  purpose^  remained 
uiuipprojiriftted.  To  gnmt  Uie  whole  of  this, 
whil^  Mrv-  Wajfhoru  was  &h*eady  in  the  receipt 
of  '  flie  widow  of  a  iiflv'y 

I;  peratmvim  bessides 

It  jmny,  was  thought 

h  \ ,  only  twenty -Ave 

....;.  balance  was  at  first 
miisetl ;  but,  when  the  pension  year  was 
Fi^early  ut  lui   <  d<].  tin-   other  liftetMi  pouutls 
a«idc  Waghom's  friends 

1   8he  now  atauda 
iy    p*mnds   per   annoni, 
ng  thus  imwe  up  to  one 
1  iorty  pounda  a-yeiu'. 
ire  this  explanatory  and  not  very 
we    feel  boimd  to 
the  foregoing  tact  a 
L:,,,,..l,.|cje— that, 
ui  was  iu 
r  diisputes 
between    Mr.   Wagiiom  and    the  authorities 
hiii    lift^ — ^hia   widow  has    not    been 
\y  dealt  with  eince  his  denth. 


tbougUt  tl 
on  that  I' 
her  entire  i 

In-  ■       '      •• 


State — and  we  i 
were  not  pi .■>"-■ 
however  >  ; 
the  right 


diarini 


"UQt'seiiOLD  VTOaoa*  and  englisb  wills. 

Tpv    '     '      icd  which  have  anpeared  in 
thia    1  i,   under  the  heaa   of  "The 

P  sh  Wills,*'  have  been  desig- 

T  f  our  I  orrespgndtnta,  as  "a 

Lu.v  . ,.  J.  ..V- .,  expanded  by  a  good  deal  of 

We  muat  remove  these  chaiitaUe  mi*- 
-.  The  evidence  iu  out*  hands,  of  the 
!:il  facts,  is  f\dl  and  complete  ;   there  is 

hing  tictitioua  beyond  the  manner  of  telling 

story.     Tho  tale   itaelf  ia   as  correct  as 

Lhmeilc. 

lut,  one  of  the  Reci&trara  of  York,  ("  Ca- 
!  '       two   )  deaires  ue,  in  a  verj^ 

_^^  ^^uileoua  letter,  to  state,  on 

Wb  ex  ;  T^w,.  +1  ,*.  jjjg  official  income 

is  oiil  unt  niuntionotl  in 

ourjuL  i         —  ...I  we  willingly  make. 

We  raiwt,  however,  add«  for  the  further  in- 
formation of  our  rea«ler3,  that  the  hite  Arch 
biflbon  of  York  divided  the  offices  of  "  Re;;is- 
tnu"  Cluuicellor  "  ami  "  Kegistrar  Scribe  "  \k- 
tween  hta  two  sons,  of  whom  one  waa,  at  tlie 
time  of  such  diviiiiuu,  a  minor.  In  connection 
jvitli  the  York  Will  (Jffice,  there  ia  a  Deputy- 

[iatrju-  be«>ides.    Although  we  fully  believe 

<Hir  cor-     '■*■'*  -H^nt  as  to  his  own 

ahare  s,  we  liave  no  new 

rensou  ..  ,        ,  I  j^o  that  our  eadmate 

of  the  toLni  la  exii4'gLj  ..ted. 

In  the  siijjje  .%rticlu  we  sunuiAed  thai  the 

Suhlic  would  Vw  gljul  to  know  what  luul  beon 
one  towai-dfl  the  better  prefer vHti*>n  of  the 
documenta  in  the  Registry  of  the  Will  Office 
at  York,  since  1832  T  Our  correspondent  snp- 


pUe3  the  information.  A  rtint  of  one  hundred 
pounds  per  annum  haa  been  paii!  by  the 
Ilet'istrai-s  since  1830,  for  additional  lHijU[iriij;3  ; 
and  a  sum  of  one  1iim,,1i.,1  mil  fifty  pounda 
•was  expended  "  for  i  '* 

These  are  our  con     -  f  s  corrcctioiui ; 

an<l  we  present  them  to  our  rea<ier3  witbjoai 
any  comment. 

LETTEES  or  IXTttODUCTIOK  TO  SYl>NEY, 

Every  man  who  emiffratee  iuis  a  larg« 
p.^kct  of  letters  of  inlroouction.  To  expend 
a  few  minutes  and  a  slieet  of  i>a[»er  ui  writing 
M  few  wonls  signifying  nr.rliln  r  k  .  ,li^.|> 
mo<le  of  paviJig  otf  obli 
politeness,     I  (aitys  the   »  ^ 

"■Chip")  haul  about  thirty;  many  of  thexo 
displayed  the  admirable  nmnncr  In  which 
geography  is  taught  in  our  schools.  ITiere 
were  Icttcrd  to  perstjns  residing  in  South 
Australia,  Van  Dieman'a  Land,  and  New 
ZuaJxuid,  as  if  these  hud  been  suburbs  or  dia- 
trli'ts  within  an  easy  distance  of  Sydney, 
instead  of  aa  far  off  as  Marseilles  from  LoudotL 
Selecting  one  addressee  1  to  the  manager  of  a 
joint-atH.Jck  bank,  I  stit  out  with  the  rest  In  my 
pocket.  Tbegeutleiuiui  received  mcgi-^ioiously, 
read  my  letter  deliberately,  asked  me  every 
conoemnble  question  aljout  my  birth,  parent- 
age, educi*tion,  exp«clatiuns,rehvtives,  pursiiita. 
and  intentions,  amount  of  capital  In  band  and 
in  prospects,  and  ending  by  observing  that  no 
doubt  I  should  Hnd  something  to  sjiit  me  ;  in 
the  mean  time,  the  best  thing  I  could  do  was 
to  lay  out  my  money  in  shares  in  his  Ixmk  ; 
j  Incltily,  I  did  not  take  his  ml  vice.  Having 
I  answered  all  his  que-iliotis,  I  put  my  piicket 
of  letters  into  hia  handa  and  iiiquLrwd  their 
value. 
"Oh,"  said  he,  "mere  sliam  bank  notes 
1  [  suspect ;  however,  let  us  sort  them.  In 
the  first  place^  understand,  young  gentleman, 
we  are  divided  into  at  least  three  sets,  but 
you  have  only  to  do  with  two,  the  Five  Colo- 
nists and  the  Emancipists.  M.n  '  i  '  '  r 
are  wealthy,  educate*!,  and  per 
able;  but  ii*  you  mean  to  assi-'...iv  »>.!.  k.iii 
other  party,  you  must  avoid  the  Emanci- 
piifts  (treed  couvictjs),  except  in  mere  tnide 
transactions,  in  the  same  way  aa  you  would  a 
black  bear  iu  New  York,  if  you  visit  one, 
you  cannot  visit  the  other.  Tfiere  aie  half  a 
dci^sen  of  your  letter*  gooiL  I  see  you  have 
the  bishop  and  the  judge,  but  as  everybody 
brings  lettei-s  to  those  gentlemeu,  unless 
you  were  a  warm  pei-sonal  fiieud,  and  he 
waa  a  wai*m  personal  friend  of  the  parties 
addressed,  you  must  not  count  on  much  use 
from  them.  Of  this  batch  I  know  nothing ; 
and  aa  to  these,  which  are  addressed  to 
wealthy  peoiile,  but  quite  out  of  the  jiale  of 
society,  I  suould  recommend  you  to  bum 
them.'' 

I  thanketl  the  banker  for  his  advice,  which 
was  all  I  got  from  him,  although  Australia 
is  the  most  hospitable  country  in  the  world* 


188 


nOUSEHOLD  WOUDS. 


.Con^urt«4  hf 


%> 


* 


The  torrpliiff  citizens  of  Sydney  very  much 
reacnibftt  tiie  aamc  gmiUeiucii  in  Miui- 
cheattT  ;  they  are  ho  Imay  making  mrmoy, 
that  vinh^is  yo\^  httvp  ti  hurge  letter  of  credit 
they  have  not  time  to  W  huspitaWe  to  yon  ; 
in  fact,  they  eau^t  afford  it.  The  writ  era  of 
my  lettei's  hud  Jim!  me  to  expect  a  very 
difFert*!]  (  riX'Option* 

At  tho  jicriod  I  »peak  of— it  was  >>efore  the 
great  erasJi  of  1$43 — the  streetH  of  Sydney 
weiro  particular Iv  brilliant ;  l&ndAus,  gigs, 
phaetons,  ciurieles,  and  oven  fourin-Ijaaids 
B wanned,  as  well  as  aU  kinds  of  quiet  cai'- 
rifi^'eA,£Liid  ladies  and  gentlemen  on  horaeback  ; 
luid  then,  as  now,  there  were  great  numbers  of 
both  «exe^  who  delighted  to  ailom  themselves 
after  the  exact  pattern  of  the  lxx)k  of  fashions ; 
the  Oovemment  clerks  and  the  sona  of  wealthy 
Enjancipi.^ta  were  particularly  brillJant.  Amid 
all  this  .i,djire  and  glitter,  it  h  injpo««iblo  to 
d(«crilte  how  lonely,  how  misenihle  I  felt ;  ten 
thmisand  times  more  lonely  than  if  in  a  desert, 
for  trees  are  to  a  aoUtarj'  man  raorc  soothing 
objects  than  plate  gh^kas,  and  cattle  feeding 
more  comijanionable  than  busy  stranger 
crowds,  linwever,  among  all  my  letters,  I 
found  two  useful,  and  several  veiy  civil.  But 
it  waa  njRtoniahing  how  every  one  had  some- 
thing to  sell  me^  an  oxtmortUnary  bargain. 
One  naJ  a  fiuin  ;  another,  a  1«  »t  of  sheep  ;  and 
a  third,  a  famous  mob  of  cattle  ;  and  nil  were 
ready  to  take  part  earth  and  jx'Mt  on  my  bill  ni 
a  long  date.  Having  firmly  maile  \m  my  luind 
to  buy  nothing,  there  waa  no  harm  done  ;  but 
it  was  amusing  to  find,  by  ctDmparing  notes, 
thnt  tlie  farm  had  no  water,  the  sheep  mui  the 
ecab,  ami  the  cattle  wore  so  wild  tliat  they 
had  not  been  mtistert'*!  within  the  memory  of 
man.  Kven  the  official  and  CHovermuent  clerk.«i 
cannot  rcfi*ain  from  doing  a  bit  of  trading. 
These  gentlemen  fancy  they  fill  the  place  of 
an  ainstocmcy,  their  moustachioa^  tips,  and 
patent  l>4Jot«,  their  aln*  and  graces^  would  do 
credit  to  Downing-street  or  Someraet  Honnf 
Each  C4irrie,s,  I  heard  a  BuslmiAn  once  obaei 
a  nunrot^i  in  hia  Bpine,  and  an  eye-ghuss  in  i 
eye,  and  the  sons  of  radical  coal-merehantM, 
tronaplaiitod  to  a  foreign  climate,  become  the 
heroes  of  silver-fork  novels ;  but  still  the 
influence  of  the  place  seta  them  to  make  money 
as  well  aj5  debts,  and  all  my  weUnlreswd 
acfjuaintfince.«!  hail  something  to  sell  me-*a 
gun,  a  saddle,  a  lishing  rod  of  wonderful  and 
tolftlly  useltiss  perfection.  ^Vlicn  they  found 
I  would  not  bite,  theii'  eyesight  failed 
them. 

Sometimes  I  joined  pic-nic  parties  tn  the 
OYBter-bcds,  which  lie  arxiut  four  miles  out  in 
the  bay  ;  sometimes  I  rode  and  drove  with 
new  made  friemls  in  the  Government  domain, 
a  splendid  |«u-k,  extemling  to  the  water's  edge, 
laid  out  in  ganlens  of  European  and  Tropical 
flowers  and  ahnil^i*,  witli  a  tlrive  for  carriages, 
which  i^i  always  erowdwl  in  an  evening.  Tliere 
used  to  ajipear  an  Emancipist  auctioneer,  whose 
life  and  death  was  a  romance,  in  a  low  open 
Dhaeton«  drawn  by  four  splendid  ponies,  ridden 


by  tiostilions  in  Uvery  ;  himBolf  gjimdly 
Iciming  on  a  guld  headed  rrtnf*  There  too, 
an  old  man,  of  Holywell  -in,   who 

could  neither  r«ul  nor  wi  i  fd<mg  in 

a  )KM  r      '  inled   landein,  m  itli   a  lovely 

girl  )  Ue  was  reputefl   worth  a 

huiidir,,  ,  '■     ■    '       And  othei-a  of  jdl 

nmk.s,  in  r.ft  buury  without 

refmemeu*  nwi,.  ^^-^  few  left. 

Tliere  b  a  i  a,  in  a  retired 

jmrt  of  thr  I   '  h  the  park  ia 

formed,  and  fix»iii  Ihe  beighta  the  frdi-  Austra- 
lians m.^y  often  Vm^  seen,  in  becoming  coHtuinoi^ 
stret^b  waters  of  the  bay  with 

all  th<  'tiaiil«. 

As'  '      \  ^'        ,  ;  V.,.au8 

of  tilt  iry 

the  Cull  nm:l,  \<  III  much   >»<niij,'i  II  "^-,  I 

she  WUH  jH)iiittd  out  to  me  scru'  ,  ii 

door  step  one  morning,  in  a  woim.  .,  _  nl 

ahabW  olack  silk  bonnet.     On  am»tl    i         . 
sioHj  I  saw  Greenacre's  firiend^  Sarih   ^iti?, 
very  calmly  engaged  in  cutting  up  boiicKl  beei 
in  a  cook-fibop  ahe  had  GBtablished. 

Altogether  Sydney  would  W  a  dellgbtfu. 
place  it  the  men  in  trade  could  be  inoculated 
with  a  few  honourable  {inncl plea,  and  the  meii 
of  leisure  Hiid  wealth  with  a  love  of  refintnl 
and  literaiT  occupations ;  if  there  were  a 
greater  demand  for  works  of  liL^tory,  philo- 
30j>hv,  and  |K»etry,  for  y>ict.ures  and  engitiving«, 
luui  le«w  for  poi-t  wine  and  French  brandy.  It 
i»  not  in  Colonial  towns  the  emigiant  will  find 
pence,  happiness,  iimocence,  or  contentment. 


CBOTCHETS  OF  A  PLAYGOER. 

TuRNiso  over,  the  other  day,  somo   old 

dramatic  j  <       nd    mngazinei^  we  met 

with  a  cui  ilafion  touching  the  best 

meana  of  iii-»r  ,<.  uiv;  the  merits  of  stage-pro- 
feflaor&  The  metho<I  proposed  waa  purely  of 
M  rTiniiiirrri:il  iTi.i rti-t'-r  —  it  was,  indeed, 
I  age  of  the  Stock- 
'  i  ^,  -n.-d  of  thr-ntrienl  ad- 

venture.   The  indetiuitv  ti;niis  •  ^v»- 

paper  reports,  it  was  urged,  are  ry{ 

Dut  the  technics  of  Lloyds,  it 
would  be  more  elidible  as  mov. 
•' .'4ntirical  i-ogues  *  i  ' 
adoption  dramatic  cri' 
indnbitably  explicit  iiuw  . 
foniiation  given  would  be 
would  think  of  saying,  ai 
ntum  bad  risen  eonsider.Al 
the  day  ?  Not  the  roost 
head.  He  would  state  ♦! 
off  at  seven  and  three  qnar, 
figure.  The  merits  of  pkya  a.nd  ijlayerH.  the 
wag  thought,  might  t«  similarly  flescribcil. 
We  might  sav  of  Buskin  that  he  l»egan  at 
fifty-eight  three  quarters,  progressed  to  sixty- 
five  and  a  half,  and  has  agam  declined  full 
eight  per  cent,  Mr.  Sock  might  be  quoted 
at  seventy ;  Mr.  Float  at  sixty-aeven  and  a 
quarter ;  Mr.  Tag  at  ^xty<one. 


•'V    iiinr 

femlered 

Tlio  iu- 

..    ^Mio 

Ird  Oui- 

*  01 

-ck- 

lI  it  leil 

ut^  other 


I 


1 


Dkktm^j 


CEOTCHETS  OF  A  PLAYGOER 


189 


We  know  not  how  the  gentlemen  on  the 
tta^  might  like  this  mode  of  appraisement ; 
but  we  euBpect  that  the  ladies  woald  esteem 
it  la  the  same  odious  light  n^  declanitiona  of 
their  ftge.  The  figures  look  awfully  unpoUte. 
Miss  A  woald  scwcely  like  to  see  herself 
<j«oted  as  fifty-two  three-ciffhths ;  Miaa  B, 
hfly-cight  three^uarters ;  Mrs.  C  as  Bixtj ; 
Mr».  1)  as  sixty- five  ;  Mrs.  E  as  sixty-seven 
ind  a  half;  imd  Miss  F  as  aeveuty-iiine  three- 
eighths.  Aothors,  on  the  contrary,  might 
like  the  mode  of  announcement ;  ns  it  might 
be  mifitaken  to  intlicate  the  number  of  ni^i^hta 
duriui'  which  a  piece  had  rmi,  instead  of  its 
fJLctitioas  value  in  the  managerial  market, 
Nothing,  frequently,  i*  more  different  than 
the  appi'eciation  of  the  aarne  dnuua  behind 
the  scenes^  and  before  them. 

One  sees  at  onoe  that  a  notion  of  thta  kind 
is  a  whimsical  crotchet,  and  employed  with  a 
satiric  aim.  But  such  crotchets  are  some- 
time* uncouacioualy  aiiopted  ; — by  none  more 
than  bv  members  of  the  hi^trouic  profession. 
They  are,  in  fact,  a  crotohettj  people.  Many 
of  them,  for  instance,  have  a  strong  and 
Strange  impression  that  they  are  far  greater 
Mnd  wiser  tn&Ji  the  authors  whose  words  they 
Incite.  In  their  estimation  the  poet  is  a  mere 
Accidental  apji^ndage  to  a  theati-e.  Nor  is 
this  whim  tne  caprice  of  the  modem  player 
the  peculiar  stigma  of  the  English  stage. 

re  re^nd  that,  in  l?>ance,  Mayret,  the  pre- 
}r  and  rival  of  Comeillc,  was  paid  by 
apanv  to  which  he  was  attached  at 
of  three  crowns  for  each  piece,  and 
was  required  to  beat  a  drum  at  the  door  of 
tin:  theatre  to  aasemble  an  auflience.  Tliis, 
however,  h  only  a  primitive  illustration  of 
the  nuik  awarded  in  the  Green-room  to  the 
motit  lavoured  poet.  He  is  still  expected, 
though  under  another  form,  to  beat  a  drum 
for  tiie  actors.  Not  until  a  new  part  becomes 
needful  to  sustain  the  position  of  the  tavourite 
former  is  he  resorted  to  ;  until  then  he  is 
at  arm's  length ;   ami,  like  the  consti- 

lent  of  a  member  of  Parliament,  made  to 
feel  hinist'lf  tm  intruder  on  the  precincts 
sacred  to  Ids  representative.  Mayret,  more- 
ovei-,  was  more  necesiary  to  the  stnjge  for 
which  he  worked  than  any  living  author  can 
now  be. 

To  the  Tfieatre,  the  whole  body  of  our 
drauiAtic  llterutttre  has  been  handed  over, 
for  the  actor's  excluave  benefit.  The 
r^^vUvi!  of  an  old  play  coats  nothing  for  the 
-liip.  The  actor  stands  in  the  shoes 
i^ainger,  Ben  Jonson,  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  ShakH4>eare,  and  all  other  dramatists, 
<3eding  the  passing  of  Sir  Edward  Lyttou 
Iwer's  Act,  and  wields  the  mighty  power 

lus  lodged  in  lu's  han^la  by  the  dead,  against 

ie  living  jioet*  That  the  latter  has  any  co&nce 
nt  all,  is  owing  entirely  to  the  accioeat  that 
p  ,..  ,-T -,  .  -  J^JJ  managers  have  not,  usually, 
1^  commensurate   with    the  forces 

at   ...u   -.i^pofial    But  for  this  e^il  there  is 
an  obvious  remedy.    Theatres,  under  private 


management,  should  be  required  to  pay  into 
a  Public  Fund  a  fee  for  every  performance  of 
an  old  dramia  ;  and  this  same  fund  should  be 
applied  to  the  mnintenauce  of  a  National 
Theatre,  under  a  pro|>erly  constituted  dii*ec- 
torship  for  the  encom^gement  of  authors  and 
actors  of  the  highest  cenitis.  A  simple  legis- 
lative enactment  of  this  nature,  would  again 
give  dimity  to  the  st-ige,  and  mrdce  it  worth 
the  while  of  the  true  pjct  to  lab^jur  hard  in  a 
dramatic  apprenticeship,  for  the  sjike  of  the 
ultimate  "  sovran  sway  and  masterdom  "  to  be 
achieved,* 

Individual  freaks  of  humour  are  numer- 
ous with  histrionic  professors.  Some  of 
the  highest  have  had  strange  empii-i(^al 
notions  of  the  means  of  study.  Gai-riok  was 
not  exempt  from  this  infirmity  ;  ilit,  in  him 
it  even  looke  like  a  special  vamty.  iThe  actor 
should  imitate  nature*  Granted.  Garrick, 
howevei',  sought  to  create  opportuiiies  of 
imitation.  It  is  rclatetl  of  him  tiuit  he  had  a 
trick  of  attractLng  attention  in  the  crowtl,  in 
order  to  observe  the  attitudeii  of  the  by- 
standers. One  day  in  the  citj*,  Garricfc 
separated  from  his  companions,  and  walking 
into  the  middle  of  the  road,  ttirned  his  gaze 
unwai'ds,  and,  in  a  postiu-e  of  thought  and 
admiration,  exclaimed,  "  I  never  saw  two 
before,"  Attracted  by  his  manner^  multitudes 
gathered  round  him,  curious  what  could  be 
the  object  of  his  attention,  while  Gannck  con- 
tinued to  excite  their  conjeeturea  by  repeat- 
ing the  same  mvst^rious  words — **T  never 
saw  two  before!***  "Two  what  T*  **Two 
storks,  perhaps,"  said  one,  "for  it  would  be 
strange  to  see  mor?  than  one  stork  at  a  time.** 
Nobcwiy,  however,  Jiad  seen  a  single  stork. 
StUI  Garrick  kept  his  secret ;  oiul  meanwhile, 
wascarefiil  and  diligent  to  watch  tlie  different 
attitudes  with  which  the  common  feeling  was 
expressed  by  different  individuals.  For  the 
sjLKe  of  this  experience,  he  pretenilc<i  to  have 
practised  the  ru^  ;  hut  the  niwlo  of  procedure 
it  is  endent,  was  altogether  a  whim — a  mere 
piece  of  vanity  ;  though  by  some  of  his  friends 
and  admirers  considered  an  ingenious  con- 
trivTmcc  for  Inducing  h  nvmiber  of  jierjions  to 
become  the  unconscious  models,  for  the  nonce, 
of  a  celebrated  artist.  We  suspect,  howpver, 
that  if  any  one  sliould  deliberately  i 
making  himself  a  ^reat  actor,  by  i 
rM«t  of  this  kinti,  he  would  liihi  njui^^u 
grievously  disappointed.  A  little  consulera- 
tion  will  serve  to  show,  that  the  ;ii*tiatte 
qufJilictttion  precedes  the  trick  ;  and  that 
Garrick*ri  success  was  owing  to  the  histrionic 
skUl  that  he  already  possessed.  H-?  had 
merely  descended  from  the  stage  to  the  street, 
and,  for  the  gratification  of  his  personal 
\*amty,  exbil/ited  Lnratuitously  to  the  crowd 
what  his  audience  had  paid  for  in  the  theatre. 
Such  things  are  among  the  '^pitiful  ambitions  " 
which  Shakspeare  would  have  as  readily  con- 
denmed  in  a  Garrick  as  in  a  Tajletoii. 

•  Tlii*  U  tlM!  indlvidiua  PI»f-coer'»  •* Crotolict*    W« 
doobt  ilA  efficacy,  md  do  not  adopt  U. 


p 


We  fear  that  long  since  "  the  diLjs  of  Tarl 
ton  luid  of  KfTOj^/'  tlio  aUgc  hu*  retajDcd 


^ 


^ 


imcetf  of  tu)< 
"giigginjr'  — 
text — 11  > 
Uglier  ' 

the  eiLTli.   .  . 
itf   iiukeil, 

Bt^' 


nam.  What  18  called 
or  Bubitituting  the 
1  .  but  ftctor?  of 
II  i^uilty  of  fi*om 
.<.i>iii  ^<j  .1  Mriy  reccTit  perifnl 
thtf  praclioa  l>e  yet  alto^^'Ctlj' 
Tlie  purity  of  the  jxyut'ti  tcx. 
iill  things,  l>i  Dresenred  in 
Mtfttiona*  In  Shakspeare,  the 
alteralnui  ol  a  word  will  spoLl  a  passage  ;  yet 
fiorue  aotora  are  fo<tHsh  enough  to  think  that 
they  mny  eihow  originality  by  ititerpolatioti. 
On  the  coiitraty,  true  geuius,  on  the  a<'t<>r*8 
parL  IB  shown  by  bin  making  the  most  of  the 
text  JUfs  it  stjuidii ;  jdl  bn-voiid  this  is  the  jwet's 
province.  As  tl»ls  feclmv  spreads— aud  we 
wiv  linppy  to  l*e  able  to  bear  tcfitimony  that 
aninii  ■  "11  r  l»<-^f  v^'r formers  it  is  api^eadiiig^ — 
tlx  lie  t^jxt  will  como  to  be  as 

SOI .  1  lis  itfl  purity.    Tlic  public 

will  ihi^i  cetide  lo  be  couteiit  with  mutilated 
porforiiianct'S.  We  trust  and  believe  that  the 
time  is  hoAteniu^,  when  the  background  to 
Shakspeare 'tj  "Jlandct"  will  be  rest^ired  to 
the  sUige  ;  when  wo  slnill  .Tgaiii  have  For- 
tlubnis  and  bin  anuy,  together  with  Haiulet'e  j 
account  of  the  uiacmer  in  which  he  luui  cir- 
cumvented the  kiiig'a  tinjls  ou  hiit  vuVAgy  to 
Enj^'laud,  aiid  other  padioulara  now  oiuitttid, 
which,  "  as  nect»!*sjiry  ijuestions  of  the  plf^v  " 
dcsen*e  roajMjctful  attention,  and  without 
which  the  conduct  of  the  pieco  wauta  oo- 
hertiiicc  iuid  stability,  Tlie  prayer^  too,  of  the 
usurping  uncle  should  l>e  re^itoretl  ;  uay,  with 
tht*  exception  of  two  mtber  coarse  luies,  tlic 
entire  t<ixt  sltovdd  be  d(#livort*«L  Tho  sole 
objection  to  this  proposal  18  the  length  of  the 
tragCily  ;  a)i  oVyection,  however,  at  once  ob- 
^-iatt'd,  by  having  one  pioco  only  performed 
in  an  evening.  Such  a  Natiomd  Theatre, 
indeod.  a,s  tluit  Wd  have  alnjve  |>roposed, 
eho^dd  Ix'  e^tiibliahcd  on  this  specific  prin- 
ciple—  tho  ejcclnsive  exhibition  each  even- 
ing of  one  five-act  play,  Avhether  tragedy  or 
comedy,  performed  by  the  l>est  ana  most 
mature  actors  under  a  competent  directory^ 
aud  supported  as  far  as  neeesBary  by  the 
state. 

The  Elizalwthan  drama  grew  up  under  tho 
patronage  of  the  court.  Tiie  Yictoritt  drama 
would  grow  up  with  that  of  the  people  at 
largOi  were  but  the  popular  will  organised 
and  regidated  by  {arliamentftry  sanction*  i\s 
it  jnlgbt  be  by  the  e.stablislmient  of  oii^ 
National  Theatre  under  the  highest  control, 
witliout  interfering  with  the  conduct  of  other 
houses. 

A  &tajinliu\l  of  taste  and  merit  would  be 
thus  created,  and  a  conii>etitioii  excited,  which 
wouhl  soon  develop  all  the  histriouic  and 
dramatic  talent  in  the  countn'.  The  recent 
legi«ktive  enlargement  of  the  tlicatrical  arena 
has  a! really  don«  inucli  good  ;  the  liberty  of 
the  stage,  as  the  condition  of  jiroOTeas,  is  an 
invaluabi**  boon.    More,  nevertheless^  ifi  re- 


quired to  be  <lone,      Erect^  in  ndditioB,  a 
r*taudard  of  good  authorship  and  sfood  nctijijj. 
and    wo    shall    ere  ions  and 
po8ae«i<m©f  a  mrxlem  drama,  i! 
the   new  thoughts   ami    *    "         which 
>iutwirv«ned    upon  tht  <    and 


the  genius  -v^ 

to  e\iMt  fiir  I 

the  task  pi'oposcd. 


LIFE  IN   AN   ESTANCIA. 

muffi  rART. 
A  TRRY  int«reAting  series  of  letters  hns  l^een 
put  iTito  our  hands,  Mldi^essed  to  his  rehitioni 
in  England  by  a  aon  and  brother,  who  hna 
been  many  year*  settled  in  SonH,  Vn.  ,-;,*^ 
For  the  last  Your  years  he  htm  be* 
domo,  or  active  manager,  of  one  \^i 

establi&liment«  in  the  Pampns  ol  Bnenoa 
Ayresi,  eddied  "  EstanciaS}"  where  oxen,  horsee, 
and  sheep  are  multiplied  to  an  extent  which 
makes  our  island  notions  of  flocks  and  herds 
almost  contemptible.  Sir  Francis  Heads 
"  Sciumx'r  across  the  Pampas,'*  and  other 
Travels,  l>ave  presented  us  vivid  ])ictur«0  ot 
thousands  of  oxen  and  horses,  running  wild 
over  interminable  plaina ;  but  we  are  not 
aware  of  any  publisned  aocouut  of  a  refii<leuo» 
in  an  Estancia — of  that  life  of  Aobtudc  and 
advoutore  which  comb'mes  so  murh  of  th^ 
excitement  of  the  hunter  with  the  provident 
arran^ments  of  the  mau  of  comuierc**,  The 
condition  of  our  stout  Northumbrian  in  these 
vrilds  is  altogether  a  remarkable  one.  The 
passages  which  we  shall  give  hom  his  let- 
ters will  i^etain  his  own  won^is :  our  concern 
witli  them  will  be  confined  to  selection  and 
arrangement. 

The  word  ^^Estancia,"  as  given  in  the 
Spanish  dictionary,  dmply  means  a  private 
apartment  or  dormitory  in  a  dweUing-hous*, 
and  it  is  difficult  to  account  for  its  being 
applied  to  establiahments  dedicate^l  to  the 
breeding  of  cattle.  In  all  probabiJity  when 
the  first  settlers  from  old  Spain  erected  their 
huta,  dwelling  or  Estancias,  for  the  purpose 
of  domestioitmg  the  wild  cattle,  the  juune  of 
the  dwelling  in  course  ot  time,  became  the 
name  of  the  establishment,  and  has  continued 
to  be  ao  down  to  the  present  day.  I  am  led 
to  tliis  conclusion  from  the  fact  that  other 
names  have  undergone  limiiar  changes  quite 
foreign  to  their  ongiiud  application  in  the 
Spanish  language. 

Lakes,  aSbraing  a  permanent  supply  of 
water,  tire  absohitely  neceaaary  l\)r  an  Es- 
tancia.  Next  in  importance  to  water  is 
good  pasture  and  dry  campo — these  generally 
go  togetlier.  When  the  natural  formation 
of  the  land  is  broken  into  ridges,  or  is  low 
and  mai-aby,  the  quality  of  the  grase  par- 
taken of  the  nature  of  the  soU,  handi,  and 


♦ 


eiMfU*  i»kte««.] 


UFE  IN  AN  ESTANCU. 


191 


lii  t 
tlie   1 


Jicvj't     ui   verv   l:aguryi>k'    ycAT^- 


f.ir 
■  be 
ikate 


Out  of  thiit  tme  it 
t:;  I  lit  or  too  cold.     lull 

th«  insoctd  goaJ  the  animaU  tu  death  in  the 
4Uiu.mar ;  ajad  beyond  the  Utit^ide  of  forty 
degrees,  the  snow  in   winter  Ilea  upon   the 

fr«»uad^  and  cattle  then  cannot  be  confined  to 
mils,  and  in  great  measure  ceiuse  to   be  of 
ai»v  v;due  to  their  owners. 

In  il  "  '  ",  when  anew  Estancia  \a 

to  be  lid  the  property  of  the 

st«-  ,,..,..,i..^   being   nuule^  the  land 

1  I TMJ  jx)a6e6aion  given,  tlxe  proprietor 

I  erec^t  hia  liomeateAds^  wliioh  at 

t:  re  uat  suoh   as  to  oocuny  much 

ii  pit^d.    The  princij>al  builoing  con* 

sibl^  of  a  roriin  for  himself  or  his  Capita^ 
and  a  kitchen  for  Ids  pious  to  eat  and  aleep 
in.  They  are  for  the  niost  jMut  built  of  muU, 
or  brick4  dried  in  the  sea,  and  thatched  with 
}'  "  '  .  or  the  reedb  v  '  "  '  w  in  the 
I  Tnarsheu.     Tlx  h  then 

fc  ^^!th  a  deep  J.-    j^le  plank 

[e*  abridge.    His  next  cjire  ia  to 

mi  lire  to  abut  up  his  cattJo  at 

iilgiit.  Theiie  are,  for  the  most  pai^t,  in  a 
drcuhiT  fomi,  var>*ing  fronj  one  bandied  and 
filty  to  two  hundrtsd  j'ards  in  diameter,  sur- 
roimdod  by  ix  deep  diteh,  having  a  doorway 
abuut  ten  yanls  in  width  to  admit  the  entranoe 
aniTi  exit  of  the  ciittle.  He  now  only  require 
;i  '  '  .'lich  is  also  foniied  of  pQgt«  placed 
l:ir,  and  ao  cloee  tiogetber^  that  four 
4ii  ..,,.11  .,..>  uot  occupy  more  space  than  a 
yfutd,  and  are  bounu  together  with  abort 
tlto^gia  cut  from  the  hide  of  a  bull  ;  tlie 
Corral  (in  Dutch,  at  tlie  Cape,  called  kral)  is 

fnorrdlr  rnr»'!r*  eircular,  and  about  thirty  or 
jr;  thin  itf  toenclo«e  the 
ft  ,tlien  be  wants  to  catch 

hift  saddiL-iiui  »Lii,  ur  occasionally  to  ahut  up  j 
a  trooi*  of  cattle  when  he  noils  them  for  tliei 
market.  Tbeae,  with  a  well  to  iiu]]>ply  the  i 
honso  with  freah  water^  and  a  faw  posts  fur , 
the  men  to  tie  their  horaea  to,  form  all 
that  is  neceasiiry  for  the  couiiuenoement 
of  an  Kstimeiu,  as  far  as  the  homestead  is 
concerned. 

At  a  convenient  distance  from  the  house, 
a  piece  of  rising  ground  is  selected  in  which 
a  post  is  deeply  fixe<l  to  serve  aa  a  mark  for 
the  cftttle.  Thie  h  called  the  Eodifi,  and  I 
iQUgt  cxnliiin  its  use.  It  i^  to  the  cattle  pre- 
cisely what  the  parade  groimd  is  to  the 
Boldier.  Here  the  herd  is  assembled  daUy, 
f^,..^  <„„  ,n*  ^^j  remain  as  long  as  ma^' be  re- 
«i  l»en  the  lUAfro,  oi  driA'er^  oomea  to 

{}.-..    i,  ...L  cattle  Durehascd  for  the  marV-r 
the  liepd  IB  :i3»eml)leti  in  the  Rodio ;  a^ 
otir  neiglihours    come    to    part  their   si; 
cattle,  it  is  done  in  the  Bodio  ;  and  on  Hxvry 


Vion  that  it  \a  neoeaaary  to  assemble  the 
\  the  auimaifl  know  by  custom^  a^  soon  aa 
riiu  uerdsmen  appear  with  the  '  '  -  they 
are  wanted   in  the  Rodio,  ai  they 

bend  their  way.  Upon  the  uiiiLuiciKmee  of 
tlm  discipline  their  value  mainly  dependt; 
find  I  btdif  ve  the  inerea»e,  too,  la  greater  than 
when  they  aru  |>ermitted,  through  neglect,  tc 
nui  wild  in  the  Cumjio. 

I  rise  at  three  o'cluok  in  the  morning. 
Would  you  coulii  aee  rue  sieated  rtjund  th«  firo 
on  the  kitchen  fioor,  siurounded  by  the  }ierd»* 
men  and  shepherdii !  The  imcouth  appearance 
of  tlie  men — tlieii*  mouatachioa  and  black 
beards — -their  long  knives  stuck  in  their 
girdlee  ;  the  kitchen  jet-black  with  smoke  ;  it 
loolu  just  like  one  of  those  scenes,  and  the 
men  look  Uke  thoee  banditti,  which  old  Farley 
used  to  iutro<luce  in  his  melo- dramas,  snob  as 
the  "  Miller  and  his  Men."  Yet  they  are  aa 
inofiTenaive  race  of  people,  and  I  feel  quite  as 
secure  as  I  should  do  in  England.  How  could 
you  know  me  iu  my  present  dreas  !  Except 
my  white  planter *s  hat,  I  have  adopted  all 
the  clothing  in  use  among  the  paitanat 
of  the  Pamiaas.  Mine  is  a  life  on  horae- 
baek.  The  ground  I  have  to  ride  over 
ia  fi^^esQ  miles  by  twelve  iu  extent,  and 
containa  about  thirty  *-  ♦'^^v  +Kr.T!^and  head 
of  homed  cattU;,  tr  orses  imd 

mares,  and    about   '  ud    sheep^ 

b^des  doidteys  and  muies.  1  enjoy  excellent 
health  ;  the  air  la  pure  and  bracing.  The 
herdsman's  diet  suits  the  hunter's  appetite ; 
plenty  of  roast  beef,  and  a  di'iiik  of  water  to 
wash  it  down — no  ale  or  jiorter  iu  the  Pampaa 
— beef  in  its  natural  stite,  fresh  fi-om  the 
plains,  and  no  stint.  If  the  men  eat  a  whole 
ox  at  breakfast,  tliey  will  kill  another  Car 
supper  The  hide  and  tallow  are  worth 
neaity  as  much  aa  the  living  animal,  so  that 
die  cost  of  maintaining  the  men  is  but  little. 
No  bread  is  aUowetl,  a  little  Indian  com  or 
pumpkin  at  certain  seasons  is  aU  that  we 
have  to  accompany  the  meat.  When  at  home 
at  the  principal  residence,  I  generally  keep 
tea,  sugar,  and  biscuit ;  but  w^hen  from  home, 
at  the  distant  stations,  I  live  as  the  herds- 
men  do,  eat  roast  l>eefy  and  i«  '  '  '  to  it» 
I  am  stout>  but  not  fat,  my  w-  four- 

teen to  fifteen  stone  ;  yet  I  ctta  ^k^-.^.,  ,oid  tie 
my  ahoe^slring  with  aa  much  ease  as  I  could 
when  ten  years  of  age. 

I  live  quite  alone ;  uot  a  soul  sleeps  in  the 
house  with  me.  According  to  the  custom 
of  the  Cumpojt^  the  people  live  apart  from 
the  pairQn  or  major-domo^  as  I  am  styled. 
You  may  think,  therefore,  that  in  winter  I 
am  very  doll  in  the  evenings.  My  library 
is  reduced  to  the  Bible  and  Pra^vei^Book, 
"  Nicokon'a  Mathematics,"  **  Don  Quixote,^ 
and  *'  Smith*8  Wealth  of  Nations." 

Eighteen  out  of  the  twenty-four  houra  are 

.l.^..u>,l  bv  iiu>  to  active  duties,  either  in  the 

,  or  in  the  tield.     I  have  now 

'i!sand  head  of  cattle  under  jiro- 

nt^ss  uf  iLrill,  at  pasture  all  day  aud  indoseil  at 


I 


night  TUoBc*  that  t'emAin  yt  t  in  »  wild  Btate, 
wni  lor  t)ie  most  part  have  l*»  be  taken  with 
the  lazo,  imd  aoltl  to  thp  drovers  in  troops  of 
five  luiTidr<^<}  «icb.  They  are  prmcijially 
oxen,  and  thive-vear-old  cows.  Thia  work  of 
tho  Lrizo  ifi  lnjtli  liard  nnd  very  dnncenAifl  for 
thofic  that  ape  engaged  in  it,  and  I  heartily 
wish  ihttt  It  wan  concluded  ;  the  men,  when 
onte  heated,  pursue  it  with  great  animation, 
with  all  the  ardour  of  tlie  tbx*hu!i^^r ;  hut 
it  13  V,  {h/3cni>tion  of  ridinir  which  woiiUI 
make  the  boldest  of  our  steeple-chasers  quail. 
When  ti  poou  once  catches  a  five-year-old  ox 
hy  the  horns,  nnd  he  tnniB  out  a  tartar^  after 
a  few  iuetl'ectiml  ehakeB  of  the  head,  to  throw 
ofi  tho  lazo,  he  directly  darts  at  the  horse, 
who  immediately  starts  oil,  as  the  reins  direct 
him,  at  lull  speed,  the  foaming  ox  close  at  his 
heeld,  and  fn«t  to  the  saddle  with  twenty-five 
yardfl  of  lazo.  Tlie  rider,  in  the  meantime,  hiu 
Ilia  MttoTitiou  divided,  to  direct  the  reins,  and 
with  I  ho  other  hand  to  hold  the  laao,  so  ae  to 

f>revi'nt  it  from  heconiing  entangled  with  the 
ega  of  the  horse.  The  horse  must  take  ail  that 
comes  in  his  way  ;  patches  of  long  grass  that 
reach  up  the  Btimipe,  to  the  hurrowri  of  the 
vijjcuchas,  and  every  other  obstacle.  There 
\«k  n'>  or»Tirete  but  t*->  go  on,  until  he  reaches  hiB 
'  V  arrive  to  his  aRsiBtiuice. 
i sp  the  chfwe  suddenly,  the 
Yuirv  liiu^i  imiiK  iiately  check  the  speed  of 
his  hoifie,  othenR-ise  the  jerk  would  break  the 
lazo,  or  what  is  worse,  it  would  draw  the 
saddle  back  to  the  flanks  of  the  horse,  or 
break  the  girths  ma»le  of  vaco  hide  ;  in  win  eh 
case  the  maij  would  be  brought  to  the  ground 
and  be  at  t!ie  mercy  of  the  furious  animal, 
wtill  with  the  lazo  on  his  horns  but  no  longer 
ftist  to  the  horse.  Tliey  who  have  sren  the 
counl^-^uunee  of  the  fox-hunl<?r  when  rising  to 
a  dan.^'trous  leap,  or  the  j*x"key  when  he  is 
Bpproaehing  the  winning  [Kurt,  with  the  noHc 
of  1  lit'  st'cond  hoi-se  at  his  girths,  mny  equally 
imagine  the  anxiety  of  the  herdainaii  of  the 
Fampfi^  in  such  a  situation,  with  nothing 
short  of  his  own  life  depending  \\\mn  the 
issue  of  the  race. 

YoTi  will  like  to  know  something  of  the 
people  l»y  whom  1  am  fiuj-iiiundetL  The 
first  and  most  numerous  clmsa  is  that  of| 
the  simple  »>ai«im),  the  herdKman  and  shep- 
herd, the  hire*!  sen^imta  of  the  Estandero. 
Upon  thtjiu  devolves  the  duty  of  looking  after 
the  cattle  and  horaes,  under  tlie  ilirection  of 
the  (.'RplLaz  in  charge  of  the  hertl,  either  at 
the  Kfitancin  or  at  the  Pue^os.  A  herd  of  five 
thonsaiiil  hea<l  requires  a  Capitaz  and  three 
peons  to  tjike  care  of  them.  The  shepherds 
H re  hired  by  the  month,  and  their  busmesa  Is 
entirely  confined  to  taking  care  of  their 
i-c^pective  fiock*.  Next  these  already  named 
comw  the  Imsbandman,  the  grower  of  wheat, 
Indian  com,  &c.  Theii*  fei-ma  are  caile<l 
ChacnuSj  and  CkacarirQi.  the  agi*icultunat«  of 
X\\iy  l^im\\>m.  In  general,  they  are  not  breeders 
of  cattle,  and  keep  no  iiioi-e  than  merely  the 
oxen  and  horaei  neccMitry  for  the  cultivation 


of  the  soil.  Connected  with  the  business  of 
the  eatandaa,  and  next  in  order,  is  the  Re»tro^ 
or  driver.  They  are  pretty  numerous,  and 
require  to  be  matriculatwl  antl  lieen»ed  by 
the  department  of  Police,  bein^  also  com- 
pelled to  give  security  to  the  chief  for  their 
good  eondfuct.  As  their  place  of  abode  is 
unoertAin,  oonstantly  moving  from  Estancia  to 
Estiuicia,  they  are  exem^it  from  miUtary 
ser\ice.  Their  business  is  to  receive  the 
cattle  purchased  by  the  owners  of  the  mladerot, 
or  Bidtmg  establiahments,  from  the  estancieros. 
They  bring  with  them  peons  and  horses  to 
part  the  cuttle  fi"om  the  rodics,  or  henis,  and 
drive  them  to  town.  They  are  paid  so  much 
per  head  by  their  employers,  and  are  i*es]x»n- 
sible  for  losses  on  the  road ;  they  pay  their 
aiMistanta  bo  much  per  trip,  and  tl 
find  their  own  horses.  These  men 
assist  the  e«tanciero,  when  he  reipurts  vxtvu 
hands  to  get  through  the  work  of  particular 
seasons  ;  they  are  then  hired  by  the  day,  and 
work  -with  their  own  hordes. 

There  are  a  few  men  employed  in  driving 
troops  of  carts  ib-awn  by  bidloeka,  for  the  con- 
veyance of  produce,hide«,  grain,  &c.,  &a,  to  the 
city,  and  from  thence  bringing  what  is  requirod 
for  the  use  of  the  country.  There  gtill  i^emaiss 
to  notice  the  wand  /;o.   A  few  yearn 

have  produced  a  gi  in  this  class.  He 

was  tne  gipay  of  tht.  j  :ijii]i;i,h,  literally,  as  the 
name  innuies,  a  man  without  a  komt ;  im 
idler,  without  any  fixed  alxxle  or  occupation* 
He  ]»juHaed  his  dap  in  riding  from  estlkiida 
to  estancia.  He  was  sometimes  useful  ns  a 
friend,  always  to  be  avoided  as  aii  cueiny. 
Both  considerations  ensured  him  food  and 
shelter  ;  and  he  would  occasionally  work  A 
few  days  on  horeeback  to  i>urchasc  cigars  and 
clothing.  Some  of  these  men  were  perfectly 
inoffensive  in  their  habits  and  dispoBitioos  ; 
but  the  majority  of  them  were  dangisroixs 
characters,  men  capable  of  conmiittiug  any 
crime,  however  atrocious.  The  race  is  now 
all  but  extinct.  The  excellent  regulations  of 
the  police,  tmder  the  present  Government, 
have  eifcetually  put  do^ni  these  Bedouins  of 
the  Piujipas.  All  men  now  who  ai*e  found 
without  occupation  are  sent  to  the  encamp- 
ment near  Buenos  AjTea,  and  are  there  dis- 
poned of,  accoixling  to  their  demerits. 

I^arge  estancias  presently  render  on  im- 
men-ie  tract  of  land  to  a  certain  extent  pro- 
ductive; but  they  are  not  favourable  to 
population — indeed  they  an*  almost  incom- 
patible with  each  other  |  cattle  must  have 
room,  and  the  less  tb^y  are  disturbed,  the 
better ;  the  whole  number  of  souls  upon  the 
estate,  men,  women  and  children,  does  not 
amomit  to  fifty  !  and  yet  the  number  is  ec^ual 
to  the  cai-e  of  forty  thousand  head  of  honxed 
cattle,  fifteen  thoofland  sheep,  and  four 
thousand  horses  and  mares,  with  leisure  to 
build  and  keep  in  repair  their  cottages,  as 
well  as  to  cultirate  Indian  corn,  pumpkins^ 
water-melons,  &c,,  for  tlie  use  of  tnemselvett 
and  their  fanuliesL 


I 

f 


AiUi«»«rffll  tk*  Omtm,  No,  H  WrlUHftoQ  Stnd  Mortk.3f  naC   FMalfd  1V  BuaiVM  a  Ivur^  Whtiwtnmru  UliOW 


**  Familiar  in  tiieit  MoutJis  as  HOUSEHOLD  IFOHD5."~5m*v«fia»». 


HOUSEHOLD    WORDS. 


A   WEEKXY   JOURNAL. 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


Ko^sss.] 


SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  33.  1850. 


[Prices^ 


I 


A  QRISIS  IN  THE  ATFAIRS  OF 
MR.  JOHN  BULI^ 

AB   BELATED  BT  MBS.  BULL  TO  TB£  CBILDRKir. 

ilBS,  BiTLL  and  lier  risiDg  family  were 
seated  round  tlie  tire,  one  November  evening 
at  dusk^  when  all  was  mud,  miat,  and  dark- 
nesa,  out  of  doors,  and  a  good  deal  of  fog  had 
even  got  into  the  fainOy  parlor.  To  say  the 
truths  th«  |mrlor  Vfus  on  no  occasion  fog-proofi 
and  had,  at  divers  ij<»t^ble  times,  IJeen  so 
^  miaty  as  to  cause  the  Avhole  Bull  family  to 
grope  about,  in  a  mowt  eonfui<ed  manner, 
and  make  the  ati-angeat  mistakes.  But,  then} 
was  nn  excellent  ventilator  over  the  family 
fire-place  (not  one  of  Dr,  Amott's,  though  it 
was  of  the  <ame  claas^  being  an  excellent  in- 
vention, called  Common  Sense),  and  hence, 
though  the  fo^  was  apt  to  get  into  the  parlor 
through  a  variety  of  chinks,  it  soon  got  out 
tt^n.  and  left  the  Bulla  at  Ubeily  to  see  what 
0  clock  it  was,  by  the  solid,  eteady-going, 
family  time-i>iece  ;  which  went  remarkably 
well  in  the  long  inin,  thungh  it  was  apt,  at 
times,  to  Ije  a  trifle  too  slow, 

Mr.  Boll  was  dozing  iu  hia  ea^*  clmir,  with 
hia  pocket-handkerchief  drawn  over  his  he^. 
Mrs.  Bull,  always  induati-ioua,  was  hard  at 
work,  knitting.  The  children  were  ^'OU^>ed 
in  various  attitudes  art^und  the  blazing  tire. 
Master  C.  J.  London  (called  aft«r  hia  God- 
father), who  had  been  rather  late  at  his 
exercifce,  sat  with  hia  chin  resting,  La  some- 
thm^  of  a  thoughtful  and  penitential  maimer, 
on  hw  8hite,aDdliis  alate  resting  on  his  knees. 
Young  Jonathan — a  cousiu  of  &e  little  Bulla, 
and  a  ooisy,  overgrown  lad — was  nudcing  a 
tremendomt  uproar  across  the  j'ard,  with  a 
new  plaj-thing.  Occaaionally,  when  hia  noise 
reached  the  ears  of  Mr.  Bull,  the  good  gentle- 
nma  moved  impatiently  in  his  chair,  and 
muttered  *'Con — found  that  boy  in  the 
stripes,  I  wish  he  wouldn't  make  such  %  fool 
ofiumself!" 

"He*U  quarrel  yiriih  hia  new  toy  soon,  I 
know,"  obsen-e^l  the  discreet  Mre.  Bull,  "  and 
then  he  '11  begin  to  knock  it  about.  But  we 
mufltn't  expect  to  find  old  heads  on  young 
■boulders," 

"  That  can't  be,  Ma/'  said  Master  C.  J. 
London,  who  was  a  sleek,  ahining-fiiced  boy. 

"  And  wliy,  then^  did  you  expect  to  find  on 


old  head  on  Young  England's  shoulders  i 
retorted  Mi's.  Bull,  turning  quickly  on  him. 

**I  didn't  expect  to  find  an  old  head  on 
Young  Engkmirs  shoulders  1"  cried  Master 
C.  J.  London,  putting  hia  left-hand  knuckles 
to  his  right  eye* 

"  You  di«in't  expect  it,  you  naughty  boy  1 " 
said  Mrs.  Bull. 

"  No  !  *'  whimpered  Mastei-  C.  J,  Ijondoa. 
"  I  am  sure  I  never  flid.    Oh,  oh,  oh  1  " 

"  Don't  go  on  in  that  way,  don't ! "  said 
Mrs.  Bull,  "but  behave  better  in  future. 
\Vbat  did  you  mean  by  playing  witli  Young 
England  at  all  1 " 

"  I  didn't  mean  any  harm  ] "  cried  Muter 
C,  J.  London,  applying,  in  his  increased  dis- 
tress, the  knuckles  of  his  right  hand  to  hia 
right  eye,  and  the  knuckles  of  his  left  hand 
to  his  left  eye, 

"  I  dare  say  you  didn*t ! "  retui'ned  Mrs. 
Bull.  "Hadn't*  you  ha«i  warning  enough, 
about  playing  with  candles  and  canuleaiticks  j 
How  often  had  you  been  told  that  your  poor 
father''8  house,  long  before  you  were  bom, 
was  in  danger  uf  l^Lug  reduced  to  aahes  by 
candles  and  candlealiokd  ?  And  when  Young 
England  and  hia  compauirjiis  began  to  put 
their  shirts  on,  over  their  clothes,  and  to  play 
all  sorts  of  fantastic  tricks  in  them,  w^hy 
diiln't  you  come  and  tell  your  poor  father  and 
me,  like  a  dutiful  C  J.  London  I " 

"Because  the  rubric — "  Maater  C.  J. 
London  was  beginning,  when  Mrs.  Bull  took 
him  up  short. 

"  Don't  talk  to  me  about  the  Rubric,  or 
you  *0  make  it  worse  I  "  said  Mrs.  Bull, 
shaking  her  head  at  him.  "  Just  exactly  what 
the  Rubric  metmt  then,  it  means  now ;  and 
just  exactly  what  it  difln't  mean  then,  it  don't 
mfvan  now.  You  are  taught  to  act,  according 
to  the  spirit,  not  the  letter ;  and  you  know 
what  its  spirit  must  be,  or  ^u  wouldn't  be. 
No,  C,  J,  London !  "  said  Mrs.  Bull,  empha^ 
tiadly.  "If  there  were  any  candles  of  candle- 
sticks in  the  spirit  of  your  lesson-book. 
Master  Wiseman  would  have  been  my  boy, 
and  not  you  1 " 

Here,  Master  C.  J.  London  fell  a  crying 
more  grievously  than  before,  sobbingi  "  Oh, 
Ma!  Master  Wiseman  with  his  red  legs,  your 
boy  !  Oh,  oh,  oh  1 " 

•*  Will  yon  be  quiet,"  returned  MJ«.  Bull 
"  and  let  your  poor  father  rwt  t  I  am  ashamed 


\<fL.  n 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


lip? 

>\T  thdV  Wero  ftfnd  of  Maater 
A^d  J^UsUr  C  J.  Loadoo, 


N 


yoTj.  You  to  go  and  play  witU  a  parcel  of 
sentiinentijil  girla,  and  dandy  Iwjs !  Is  0tat 
yoar  hrintrin 

"l.i:"   ■ 

Wiser 

Btlll  cr>  1TJ-. 

"  You  Hidn't  know,  Sir ! "  retorte<i  Mrs. 
3ull,  "  Don't  t'll  '>»••  f  Then  yon  ought  to 
have  known.     0  knew.     You  were 

told  oflen  enougii  u mo,  what  it  would 

COU4J  to.  You  did  at  want  a  ghost,  I  sup- 
poFp.  to  warn  you  tlrnt  when  they  got  to 
« M  .  they  M  jLful  to  candlea  ;  aiwi  that 

\\  got    to    candles,  tliey  'd   get   to 

ii^hUn^'  vm ;  and  that  when  they  bec:an  to 
put  thotr  ahirts  on  outside,  and  to  may  at 
monks  and  MarB,  It  was  as  natTira!  that  Master 
Wiseman  should  be  encouraged  to  put  on  a 
pair  of  red -stock  i^""-  n^^'^  ••  rorl  hat,  and  to 
comnut  I  don*t  V  \  Tom-fooleries 

and  make  a  pei  i  .    *       ^^^^^  <^^  himself 

in  more  ways  than  one.  Is  it  because  you 
£K  a  BuU,  that  you  are  not  to  be  roused  till 
thev  fbake  scarlet  close  to  your  very  eyes  \ " 
■ai(]  Mrs,  Bull  indi^antlv. 

Master  C.  J.  London  still  repeating  "Oh,  oh, 
oh  !  '*  in  a  rerj'  plaintive  manner,  screwed  his 
kx  '  '  M.io  his  eyes  until  there  appeared 
€■  ■  danger  of  his  sci-ewuiK  ma  eyes 

ou^  ox  i.u-,  .it^ad.  jButy  little  John  (wno  though 
of  a  spare  figure  w^as  a  very  spirited  boy), 
8tftrt*»d  ni)  fn»m  the  little  bench  on  which  ne 
s;i  C.  J.  London  a  hearty  pat  on 

ih<r  I  1 1  (ajiied,  however,  with  a  slight 

the  nofl) ;  and  told  him  that  if 
_  Wiseman,  or  Young  England,  or  any 
fme  fellows,  wanted  anything  for  himself 
he  (little  John)  was  the  boy  to  give  it  1dm, 
H  Mrs.  Bull,  who  was  always  proud 

vi  1,  and  always  had  been,  since  his 

iuc,.-Mc  u;ta  liret  taken  for  an  entirely  new 
suit  of  clothes  to  wear  in  Common,  could  not 
refrain  from  catching  him  up  on  her  knee  and 
Idsdng  him  with  great  affection,  while  the 
whole  fiimily  expresaed  their  delight  in 
various  significant  ways. 

"  You  are  a  noble  boy,  little  John,"  said 
Mrs.  Bull,  with  a  mother^s  pride,  "  and  that  'a 
the  fact,  after  everything  is  said  and  done  !  " 

"  T  don't  know  about  tliat,  Ma ;"  quoth 
Uttle  John,  whose  blood  was  evidently  up; 
"but  if  these  chaps  and  their  backers,  the 
BuUs  of  Borne"— 

Here  Mr.  Bull,  who  was  only  half  asleep, 
kicked  out  in  such  an  alarming  manner,  that 
for  some  seconda,  hia  boots  cnrrated  fitfully  all 
over  the  family  hearth,  filling  the  whole 
circle  with  consteniation.  For,  when  Mr. 
Bull  did  kick,  his  kick  was  tremendous. 
And  he  always  kicked,  when  the  Bulls  of 
Home  were  mentioned. 

Mrs.  Bull  holding  tip  her  finger  as  an 
injunction  to  the  children  to  keep  quiet, 
BBgely  observed  Mr.  Ball  from  the  opposite  side 
of  the  t^"...i . . .  until  he  calmly  dozed  again, 
when  i  the  scattered  &mily  to  tneir 

fonnei  i .:.....:.,  and  spoke  In  a  low  tone. 


"You  must   be   very  careful,**    said    the 

worthy  lady,  "  how  you  mention  that  name  ; 

for.  your  j>oor  father  ha«  an  m.-iny  "T^pI♦^•^'5;lilt 

■     "'  I  Ijjess 


than  befoi 

the  fir9-ii 

and,  Vf\d>\ 

head,  chas' 

of  the  room  into  tii 

the   street -door  int. 

having,  (as  was  well  knowu  to  the  ishildren  in 

treuerai,)  originally  strayed  fmm  the  Bulls  of 

Komeiiito  A&.BuIlV  '1  famQy.    After 

tiie  achievement  of  uing  feat,  Mr. 

BiUl  came  back,  and  m  .i  tii<^uly  excited  state 

performed  a  sort  of  waz^iance  in  his  top-boots, 

i\ll  over  the  parlor*     Finally,  ho  sank  into 

his  ann  chair,  and  covered  himself  up  again. 

Ma'^ter  C.  J.  London,  who  was  by  no 
means  sure  that  Mr.  Bull  in  his  heat  would 
not  come  down  upon  him  for  the  lateness  of 
his  exercise,  took  refuge  behin<l  his  slate  and 
behind  little  John,  who  was  n  pnrf»*ct  uarae- 
cock.    But,  Mr.  Bull  having  1    hia 

war-dance  without  injury  to  a:  boy 

crept  out,  with  the  rest  of  the  i;«;ui!v,  tu  the 
knees  of  Mrs.  Bull,  who  thus  addreased  them, 
taking  little  John  into  her  Lip  before  she 
began  : 

"  The  B.'s  of  R.,"  said  Mrs,  Bull,  getting, 
by  this  prudent  device,  over  the  obnoxioua 
words,  "  caused  your  poor  father  a  world  of 
trouble,  before  any  one  of  you  were  bom. 
They  pretended  to  be  related  to  us,  and  to 
h-ive  sc»me  influence  in  our  family ;  but  it 
can't  be  allowed  for  a  single  moment — nothing 
win  ever  induce  your  poor  father  to  hear  3 
it ;  let  them  disguise  or  constrain  themselTCO 
now  and  then,  aa  they  will,  they  «v,  bj 
nature,  an  insolent,  audacious,  oppreasiTe^ 
intolerable  race." 

Here  little  John  doubled  his  fists,  and  btgan 
squaring  at  the  Bulls  of  Rome,  aa  he  saw 
those  pretenders  with  his  mind's  eye.  Master 
C.  J.  London,  after  some  considerable  reflec* 
tion,  made  a  show  of  squaring,  likewise. 

'^Li  the  days  of  your  gi'»?at,  great,  gr^t, 
great,  grandlather,"  said  ^Mrs.  Bull,  dropping 
her  voice  stikf  lower,  as  she  glanced  at  Mr. 
Bull  in  his  repose,  "  the  Bvdls  of  Borne  were 
not  80  utterly  hateful  to  our  fiimily  is  ther 
are  at  present.  We  didn*t  know  them  so  well, 
and  our  family  were  very  ignorant  and  low 
in  the  world.  But,  we  have  cone  on  advancing 
in  every  generation  since  then  ;  and  now  we 
are  taught,  by  all  our  femily  history  and  ex- 
I^>erience,  and  by  the  most  limited  eiercise  of 
our  rational  faculties.  That  our  knnwledrr^, 
liberty,  progress,  social  welAre  and  1 
are  wholly  irreooncileable  and  ir 
with  them.  That  the  Bulls  of  Rome  :<.n.<  ihi. 
only  the  enemies  of  our  famiiv,  but  of  the 
whole  human  race.  That  wbei'ever  they  go, 
they  perpetuate  misery,  oppression,  darkucssp 
and  Ignorance.    That  they  art  easily  made 


CRISIS  IN  THB  AFFAIRS  OF  MB.  JOHN  BULL. 


JM    i 


the  toolii  of  the  worst  of  men  for  the  worst  of 
purpoaesj  Mwl  that  they  cannot  be  endured 
t>v  votu  poor  father,  or  hj  any  man,  woman, 
if  common  aensej  who  hns  the  leiiat 
i  with  us.'* 

Little  Joha,  who  had  gradually  left  off 
equAfJug,  looke^l  hai-d  at  hia  aunt,  Slias  Erin- 
gobm^h^  Mr.  Bull's  slater,  who  waa  grovelling 
on  the  ground,  with  her  head  in  the  ashea. 
This  ujuortunate  lady  had  been,  for  a  length 
of  tixn<v  ill  a  horrible  condition  of  mind  and 
hody,  and  presented  a  moat  lameutable  spec- 
tacle oC  diaeaae,  diil,  i-a^a,  Buperstition,  aud 
degradation. 

Mra.  Bull,  observing  the  direction  of  the 
chltd*8  glance^  amootheil  little  Johu^a  hair, 
atid  directed  her  next  obiervatiom  to  him. 

**  Ah  !  You  may  well  look  at  the  poor  thing, 
John!'*  said  Mre.  Bull;  "for  the  Bulls  of 
Home  have  had  far  too  much  to  do  with  her 
present  state.  There  have  been  many  other 
causes  at  work  to  deatroy  the  stren^h  of  her 
eonstitution,  but  the  Bulla  of  Rome  have  been 
at  the  bottom  of  it ;  and,  depend  upon  it^  wher- 
ever VI  >u  >»•>'  :l  condition  at  all  reaembling  heia, 
you  u  iuquiry,  that  the  suffei*er  has 

»Ilov  I  to  be  dealt  with  by  the  Bull&  of 

Bomc.  The?  cases  of  aqnalor  and  ignoranoej 
in  all  the  world  moat  like  your  aunt*B,  arc  to 
be  found  in  their  own  houeehold ;  on  the  etepa 
of  their  doore ;  in  the  heait  of  their  homes. 
In  Switzerland,  you  may  cross  a  Une,  no 
broader  than  a  bridge  or  a  hedge,  and  know, 
in  an  instant,  where  the  Bolls  of  Rome  have 
been  received,  by  the  (»ndition  of  the  family. 
Wherftver  the  Bulls  of  Rome  have  the  moat 
influence,  the  family  is  sure  to  be  the  most 
abjecL  Put  voui-  trust  in  those  Bulla,  John, 
and  it  '^  in  the  inevitable  order  and  sequence 
of  things  that  yon  must  come  to  be  something 
like  your  Aunt,  sooner  or  later." 

'*  i  thought  the  Bulls  of  Home  had  cot  into 
difficulties,  and  run  away,  Ma  ?^' said  little  John, 
k>oking  up  into  his  mother's  face  inquiringly. 

•'  Why,  BO  they  did  get  into  difficulties,  to 
be  sure,  John,"  returned  Mi^.  Bull,  "  and  so 
thev  did  run  away  ;  but,  even  the  Italians,  who 
haci  got  Uioroughly  used  to  them,  found  them 
out,  and  they  were  obliged  to  go  and  hide  in 
a  cupboard,  where  they  still  talked  big 
through  the  key-hole,  and  presented  one  of 
the  most  contemptible  and  ndicnious  exhibi- 
tions that  ever  were  seen  on  earth.  However, 
they  were  tjdcen  out  of  the  cupboard  by  aome 
friends  of  theirs — friends,  indeed !  who  care 
as  much  about  them  as  I  do  for  the  sea- 
serpent  ;  but  who  happened,  at  the  moment^ 
t<>  fmd  it  necessary  to  play  at  soldiei-s,  to 
amuse  their  fretful  children,  who  did*ut 
know  what  they  waiited,  and,  what  was 
worse,  would  have  it — and  so  the  Bulls  got 
hack  to  Borne.  And  at  Borne  thev  are  any- 
tbing  but  safe  to  stay,  as  you  'U  fiiad,  my  dear, 
one  of  these  odd  mornings.'' 

"Then,  if  they  are  so  unsafe,  and  so 
found  out,  Ma,'*  said  Master  C\  J.  Loudon, 
**  how  come  they  to  interfere  with  us,  now  V 


"  Oh,  C,  J,  London  !  "  returned  Mra.  Bull, 
'*whttt  a  sleepy  child  you  mu»t  bt%  tj  put 
such  a  question  I  Don't  you  know  that  the 
more  they  are  found  outy  an<l  the  weaker 
they  are,  the  more  important  it  musit  be  to 
them  to  imiK»ae  upon  the  ignorant  peopls 
near  them,  by  pretending  to  oe  closely  con* 
nected  with  a  pei^aon  so  much  looked  up  to 
as  your  poor  father  I  " 

"  Why,  of  course  ! "  ci-ied  little  John  to  hia 
brother,    '*  Oh,  you  stupid  I  " 

"  And  I  am  ashameu  to  have  to  rq^eat, 
C.  J.  London,"  said  Mi-s.  Bull,  "  thftt,  but  for 
your  friend.  Young  Engiandj  and  the  encou* 
ragement  you  gave  to  that  mewling  liitl« 
Pussy,  when  it  strayed  here — don't  say  you 
did*utj  you  naughty  boy,  for  you  did  !  "— 

'*  You  know  you  did  !  "  said  Uttle  John. 

Master  C.  J.  London  began  to  cry  again. 

"  Don't  do  that,"  said  ^Ira.  Bull,  sharply, 
"  but  be  a  better  boy  in  future  I  1  say,  I  am 
ashamed  to  have  to  repeat,  that,  but  for  that, 
the  Bulls  of  Rome  would  never  have  had 
the  audacity  to  call  their  connexion,  Master 
Wiseman,  your  poor  Other's  child,  and  to 
appoint  him,  with  his  red  hat  and  stockings, 
and  hia  mummery  and  flummery,  to  a  portion 
of  your  father's  estates — though,  for  the 
matter  of  that,  there  is  nothing  t^  prevent 
their  appointing  him  to  the  Moon,  except 
the  difliculty  of  getting  him  there  !  And  bo» 
your  poor  mther's  afliairs  have  been  brought 
to  this  crisis:  that  he  has  to  deal  with  an 
insult  which  is  perfectly  absurd,  and  yet 
which  he  must,  for  the  sake  of  his  family^  in 
all  time  to  come,  decisively  and  seriously 
deal  with,  in  order  to  detach  himself,  once 
and  for  ever,  from  these  Bulls  of  Rome ;  and 
show  how  impotent  they  are.  There 's  dijfi' 
culty  and  vexation,  you  nave  helped  to  bring 
upon  your  father,  you  bad  child  1 " 

*'  Ob,  oh,  oh  ! "  cried  Master  C.  J.  London. 
**  Oh,  1  never  went  to  do  it.    Oh,  oh,  oh  i " 

**  Hold  your  tongue  ! "  said  Mrs,  BuU, 
"and  do  a  good  exercise i  Now  that  your 
father  has  turned  that  Pussy  out  of  doors,  go 
on  with  your  exercise,  like  a  man ;  and  let 
us  have  no  more  playing  with  any  one  con- 
nected with  those  Bulls  of  Rome;  between 
whom  and  you  there  is  a  great  gulf  fixed,  as 
you  ought  to  have  known  in  the  beginning. 
Take  your  fin^rs  out  of  your  eyes,  Sir,  aiul 
do  your  eiercwe  t  *' 

" —Or  I  'U  come  and  pinch  you  !  "  said 
Uttle  John. 

"John,"  said  Mrs.  Bull,  "you  leave  him 
alone.  Koep  your  eve  upon  hun,  and,  if  you 
fiud  him  relapdiug,  tell  your  father/' 

"  Oh,  wonx  I  neither  I  *'  cried  little  John. 

"  Don't  be  vulgar,"  said  Mrs.  BuU.  "  Now, 
John,  T  can  trust  you.  Whatever  you  do,  I 
know  you  won't  wake  your  father  unneceS' 
sanly.  You  are  a  bohl,  brave  child,  and  I 
liighly  approve  of  youi*  erecting  yourself 
against  Master  Wiseman  and  aU  that  bad  set. 
But,  be  wary,  John  ;  and,  as  you  have^  and 
deserve   to   fiave,  great  infJoence  with  vour 


196 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


% 


futlj«?i\  I  luu  sure  you  will  be  careful  how  you 
walcQ  hill),  ff  h»f  Witf  to  innke  ft  wiU  nmh. 
And  hegiii  lo  ihiiice  about,  on  the  Platform 
in  tlio  H.lIK  I  don't  know  where  he  \i  stop.'* 
Little  Johti,  getting  on  hia  legn,  begun 
buttoning  his  JHoket  with  great  finnness  and 
vi^rtr,  prt'oaiiitory  to  action.  Master  C.  J, 
l>ondon,  with  a  dejected  aspect  and  an  occa- 
BionaJ  Sf^b,  went  on  with  hia  exercise. 

THE  JOLLY  BURGLARS, 

Ix  the  l>ftck  Innes  of  a  village,  some  two* 
and-twenty  miles  froni  London^  there  atanda, 
or  rnther  Iwrks,  a  hedge  alehouse,  called  the 
Overthrown  Cart,  From  an  abrujit  comer 
of  mined  barns  and  pic-fftie»,  oil  one  mde,  and 
a  Btagnnnt  nool  on  the  other,  in  the  hi^h 
YOikd  thruugli  the  vilh^je,  a  lane  opens  its 
ragged,  imshy  roouth,  and  runs  straggling 
away  for  a  couple  of  miles,  when  it  widens 
nut  into  a  baiTen  common.  Tliew  two 
lonely  miles  are  enclosed  on  both  sides  by 
l^ptjitiil  hedges,  broken  fences,  the  end  of  a 
1  1  .  I  ganleit  wall,  a  drj'  dilc-h,  and  a 
i  1.  At  the  right  hand  si<le  of  the 
j_..,  .  ..  vail  attxnl  an  old  sunmierdiouse  built 
vi'  brick,  like  a  little  tower,  the  ujiper  story 
being  intentied  as  a  pJaee  to  ait  in,  and  eitjoy 
the  i)ro»pect  of  seven  green  lielda,  and  a  cow- 
»he<i,  with  nothing  particular  in  the  distance. 
ITiifl  ruined  sumnier-houfle  wna  now  over- 
grown with  ivy,  and  had  become  the  delight- 
ful alnxle  of  owIh  and  bats.  By  the  nide  of  j 
this  jwirt  of  the  garden-wall,  a  jvathway 
through  dow!i-tro*idon  thistl**s  ancf  nettles 
ran  *iloping  and  winding  till  it  opened  into  a 
narrow  lane  Ixetween  ihiik  high  hedges, 
amidst  whi^^h — and  standing  rather  buck — is 
the  little  alehonse  knu^vn  to  itn  fretjuentors 
na  the  Cart.  It  looks  just  like  the  ugly  half- 
bidden  iieBt  of  some  strange  bird  of  i>rey. 

The  alehouse  atfKjd  Vjaek,  iu  a  gap  between 
the  two  high  ends  of  the  hedffe.  A  ditch 
ran  along  the  lit^lge,  over  wliich  a  dirtj' 
boiu'd  was  placed  by  way  of  a  bndge.  Tlie 
alehnuae  waa  built  of  old  Itioanls  and  worn-out , 
timbers  ]  it  wa»  thatched,  and  in  colour  a« 
blaek  HH  dirt  and  smoke,  and  n>ttenne#w  from 
the  rains  and  damp,  could  ntake  it.  On  a 
little  piece  of  Iwanl  Inwl  beeu  painted  a  cart 
ttirned  topside  turv)',  which  wiw  nailed  up 
close  under  the  projecting  thatch,  by  way  of 
a  •*  sign."  In  front  of  the  lower  window  was 
an  open  gpace  between  the  house  nm\  the 
heilge,  of  some  eight  or  nine  feet  distance, 
where  a  flat  board  nailed  on  a  tressel,  Herv'cd 
for  a  table,  and  a  plank  on  two  low  posts,  as 
a  scat.  A  three-legged  stixjl,  mid  an  inverted 
wafihin^-tub,  afforded  accommodatitku  for  two 
more  visitora,  if  needed. 

On  this  plank,  and  thia  stool,  sat  three  men 
each  with  a  pipe  in  his  roootk  A  brown 
jug  with  a  broken  nose,  was  upon  the  table, 
two  pewter  pint  pot^  and  a  tall  white 
mug.  The  men — ^three  well-known  fellows- 
were  James  Humble,  John  Crick,  and  Ebep- 


nciscr  Pye,  commonly  called  Irfinky  Go,  As 
their  persons  are  not  likely  to  be  so  familiar 
to  tlie  readier,  as  they  are  lo  the  country 
magistrate*,  before  whom  tlicy  hav<<  often 
been  brought  to  little  purpose,  wc  will  give  a 
sketch  of  each  of  them. 

James  Humble  is  a  man  of  about  two-and- 
forty,  and  rather  short  of  stature,  but  of 
great  breadth  of  shoulders,  with  a  d«-*ep  chest, 
and  large  anna,  and  thick  muscular  legs.  He 
is  a  very  powerfiil  man,  and  of  more  activity 
than  would  beernected  from  so  thick  a  frame. 
His  fcaturea  are  heavy,  and  he  liua  the  look 
of  a  lowering  bull.  But  sometimes  while  ho 
sjieidcs,  the  whole  fiwje  lights  up  with  a  most 
nuilevolent  and  daring  expression,  as  though 
he  was  i-eady  to  commit  some  ruthlens  act  of 
violence.  He  haa  very  short,  tliick,  poodle- 
dog  hair,  a  sunburnt  complexion,  and  tJie  two 
front  teeth  gone. 

John  Ci-ick  ia  ab4-Jiit  thirty-fi%*e  years  of 
ape.  and  of  the  middle  height.  He  ia  wurow- 
snouldered  and  stooi>8.  His  legs  are  wetf 
made,  fmm  hip  to  heel  ;  Viut  his  :iniis  soem 
rather  ilefonned.  He  has  red  hair,  thin 
red  whisken*,  a  sjK'ckled  complexion,  a 
shai'p  tunied-unnose^  very  small  and  piercing 
grey  eyes,  and  a  large  mouth,  with  very* 
hirffc  yellow  teeth.  His  hands  are  sm&lt 
and  the  fingers  thin,  bony,  and  in  a  continual 
fid'njt. 

Ebenezer  Pye  is  fifty -two  years  of  a^e. 
He  sits  like  a  very  short'  man  ;*but  when  ne 
stiuidx  ujiright  he  \a  m%  feet  two  ;  kia  height 
being  rdl  in  his  legs.  As  he  walks,  hi»  stride 
is  immense,  and  he  has  a  gMunt  strange  look, 
like   that  of  some   antetliluvian    bird.     Hi« 

face  is  very  Sfdlow,  and  hia  large  li '    "t--  un 

yellow  aa  a  kite's  foot.     He  has  a 
rather  thougbtful  expressiun,  aiii  'v* 

gazes  down  uia  kneeii  when  he  a]>*  -u 

He  has  a  bad  cajst  in  one  eye,  and  i  i-? 

forefinger  of  his  right  hand.  He  iu  cuutinu- 
ally  occupied  in  blowing  a  sort  of  inward 
whistling  to  himself  as  he  aita  looking  on  the 
ground. 

The  dress  '  T  '  -  ■  men,  except  that 
Crick  wore  a  dnib  fr<x;\-coa1 , 

with  a  large  bimiu  .-i  -^i .  .irr  in  the  middle  of 
the  back,  wil^  of  the  numt  black^Kird  kind, 
from  top  t«  t<"-  iiiil  >itill  worse  m  its  filthy 
neglect.    Itwi  t  hey  had  been  sleeping 

iu  their  clotb<  \  >^'ithout  once  taking 

them  off,  or  r\i  n  s  i^hing  their  hands  and 
faL'es. 

These  three  fallows  were  but^lars,  and  they 
were  now  engaged  in  settling  the  imrae<liate 
operations  of  a  burglary  which  they  had  been 
planning  for  some  weeks  pttst. 

^  And  g/ie  told  yi  -u  this  ? "  said  Humble, 
uplifting  his  lowering  gaze,  and  staring  in 
(."rick's  face,  half  interrogatively,  and  partly 
repeating  his  words,  in  onler  to  be  sure. 

"And  s/i€  tA>U\  me  thia  ;"  repfrated  Crick, 
as  if  put  on  hii»  oath,  and  resolved  not  to 
contratlict  himself/' 

*^  Kitchen-maid,  ia  she  7''  proceeded  Humble. 


THE  JOLLY  BtJRGLABS, 


197 


"  Soullory-girl,  I  said :  "  rejoined  Crick,  in 
correctiou  of  tLe  inaccui-acy, 

"  Well  then,"  said  Himible,  after  a  panse, 
■  I  Bimpose  she  knows." 

**  'Course  ahe  does,"  said  Crick  ;  "and  more 
nor  that,  she  told  me  whu.t  they  was  a^ing^ 
to  have  for  dinner.  Pig's  fry  and  a  goose, 
and  three  biled  fowls,  aiift  a  kuuekle  o*  ham, 
pidgeon  pye,  and  roast  b€*f,  and  soup,  and 
cheese,  flnd  a  azdmon,  and  wed  gables — all 
«ort»— and  ctistarda  and  roast  weal,  and  a 
pLat  o*  8*rimp  sarce  ;  besides  lots  o*  wine  and 
ale,  and  graji^eH,  and  nuta,  and  pliini-pudden, 
%0  be  putt  on  the  side-bourd,  r«wly.*' 

At  the  conclusion  of  this  inventory,  which, 
except  aa  to  the  oi^er  of  the  "  iserving,"  did 
considerable  credit  to  the  retentive  memory 
of  the  speaker,  the  three  men's  eye«  all  met, 
in  a  common  centre,  and  the  faces  all  ffave  a 
strange  gfrin  of  greedy  delight,  quickly  i-e- 
landog;  mto  a  kmd  of  moroae  gravity  and 
■etf-restraint,  as  though,  from  the  confti- 
deration  that  **  work  ^*  waa  to  be  done  before 
play. 

The  bouse  they  had  planned  to  break  into 
and  i-ob,  beloupwl  to  a  tolerably  wealthy 
family,  nameti  Frampton,  with  whom  the 
"sf^uire'd"  son  was  to  dine  to-day.  Tlie 
wjuire  was  a  rich  man,  and  there  were  three 
tanmarried  daughtei-s  in  the  family  he  wa*  to 
Tisit,  so  that  the  jwirentfl,  on  both  aides, 
thought  a  match  would  be  a  very  suitable 
thing — no  matter  which  daughter  he  choae. 

There  were  only  three  large  houses  in  the 
TiUttge,  and  these  were  at  a  considerable 
distance  apart.  The  Bt^uire's  house  was  at 
the  southernmost  end  ;  the  house  of  the 
clergyman,  who  was  also  the  luagiatrate,  waa 
at  the  northernmost  end,  three  nutes  distant ; 
and  the  house  of  the  Framptons^  stood  just 
between.  It  lay  back  half  a  mile  from  the 
high-^^ad,  approachable  by  a  long  carriage- 
drive  of  bright  gravel,  and  was  surrounded 
by  lofty  trees. 

Opposite  the  wliite  gates  that  opened  out 
into  the  high-road,  were  the  remains  of  a 
fourth  lai^ge  hous«  in  the  tillage,  whicli, 
liaving  been  the  subject  of  an  apparently  in- 
terminable law-suit,  had  been  sutTered,  mean- 
time, to  frdl  into  utter  decay,  so  that  it  csould 
be  of  no  earthly  use  to  the  winner.  One 
wing  of  it  hail  fallen  down,  and  every  windy 
lught  it  w:is  expected  the  whole  would  come 
to  the  CTound  There  waa  a  large  lawn  at 
the  back,  over-grown  with  rank  weeds,  and 
then  a  grextt  desolate  garden  of  considenvble 
length,  terminating  witn  an  old  vine- wall  and 
a  summer-house,  now  thickly  over-grown  with 
ivy.  On  the  other  side  of  this  ran  the  narrow 
pathway,  through  wet  nettle*  and  thistles, 
that  led  to  the  ugly  little  hedge  ale-house, 
Ijearing  the  sign  of  the  "  Overthrown  Cart," 
in  front  of  M-hieb  the  three  burglars  were  now 
seated  in  conference. 

The  totally  u protected  conjlition  of  the 
rural  populations,  in  respect  of  police,  is  a 
fact  little  considered,  or  indeetl  known,  by  the 


inhabitants  of  our  cities  and  t^^^vms.  The 
coiuitry  "  gentry  "  are  very  well  aware  of  it ; 
but  most  of  them  seldom  think  much  about 
it,  except  when  some  neighbouring  house  is 
robbed ;  and  the  re«t  content  themselves  with 
relying  upon  their  men^ser^Tints,  door-bolts, 
and  window-belI«,  a  loaded  gun  hauging  up 
in  the  cloak-and-boot  room,  and  a  large  dog 
in  the  yard.  Not  only  is  there  no  rural  police, 
but  no  continuous  or  combined  efforts  are 
rande  to  obtain  one. 

True,  there  is  a  mounted  patrol.  He  is 
verv  valuable  in  the  prevention  of  highway 
robl>eries.  But  his  "  beat "  is  confined  to  the 
high  roads,  and  does  not,  and  cannot,  unless 
there  are  several,  extend  through  the  bye- 
ways  and  backplanes  of  a  village,  and  still  less 
can  he  exercise  any  watchfidneas  over  houses 
l}4ng  half  a  mile  out  of  the  high  road. 
Hence,  he  is  no  protection  against  burglary  to 
residences  thus  situated 

Ai*e  there,  then,  no  other  mean.«i  provided 
by  the  jmrish  for  the  protection  of  the  in- 
habitants  of  a  %'illage,  and  the  due  enforce- 
ment of  the  law  ?  Yea,  there  is  the  constable. 
Tlie  village  of  which  we  are  now  speaking, 
has  a  very  goo<i  constable.    There  he  sits  ) 

On  a  little  bench,  painted  blue,  be^^ide  a 
small  blue  table,  at  the  left  hand  side  of  the 
doorway  of  the  ''Royal  George,*'  b  now  seated 
Matthew  Pringle,  cobbler  and  sworn  constablo 
of  the  vilUige.  Being  a  conattAble,  he  is,  as  he 
ought,  to  be,  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  a  strong- 
built  man  ;  and  being  a  cobbler,  he  is,  of 
ctmrse,  short  of  stature,  with  bent  knobby 
knees,  hunched  shoulders,  thick-tipped  grimy 
black  fingers,  a  thoughtful  face,  and  a  bald 
head, 

Matthew  Pringle  had  an  empty  bright 
pewter  pint  pot  st.ouiiing  l>efore  him  on  the 
table.  His  arms  were  folded,  and  he  was 
leaning  back  against  the  blue  rail  of  the 
bench,  looking  up  at  a  lai-ge  sign  of  his  late 
lamented  Majesty,  George  the  Fourth,  attiretl 
in  coronation  robes  of  scarlet  and  green, 
trimmed  with  a  profusion  of  rabbits'  fur,  an(l 
wearing  several  oyaler-Hbella,  one  of  them 
with  Ml  oyster  in  it  (though  not  meant  for 
that)  banging  round  his  neck,  or  stuck  upon 
his  iimple  chest.  The  sign  slowly  swung  to 
and  fro  in  the  wind,  as  if  graciously  acknow- 
ledging tlie  homage  whicb,  it  took  it  for 
granted,  the  mind  of  the  contemplative 
cobbler  was  loyally  offering  to  the  memory  of 
its  august  originaL 

But  it  was  rwt  so.  The  min<l  of  Matthew 
Pringle  was  at  tlus  moment  occupied  with 
the  memory  of  James  Humble,  the  burglar. 
WTiat  association  hiid  suddenly  brought  him 
into  the  head  of  the  constable  at  this  time  it 
is  impossible  to  say — ^imlesa,  indeed,  it  was 
seeing  the  Vicar's  man  go  by,  with  a  brace  of 
hares,  for  almost  immediately  he  bethought 
him  that  he  had  lost  sight  of  Jnmes  Humble 
these  last  six  months.  He  wondered  where 
lie  was  gone.  If  he  had  been  hiuij^'ed  or 
transported,  Pringle  would  have  heartl  of  it. 


II 


^ 


iOB 


HOUSEHOLD  WOltDSw 


"OmABftailr 


At  any  rate,  it  waa  a  good  thiag  the  pariah 
wan  n.*1  '>^'  litin 

TIj  he  had  to  do  with  Humbk* 

WHS  '  liii}^'   huslaess.     Tlie   enjuiro'** 

gjunektwper  cmuic  imd  kuocktdtl  him  tip  one 
nitfht,  to  go  with  him  to  look  after  thret;  meo 
who  hft*l  '^i*{  into  th«  pr«:«»en'e.  They  hurrieil 
otf — fuuud  nobody  in  the  preserve— 'but  saw 
three  men  Iiirku  '.   the  pfiliiigB.     The 

men  ran  off,  on  >n^  hut  one  of  them 

u'-   -      '       -    -^        _  ,    :.    ..    ;Mf.        S..   thoV    -.M-.-l 

1  ,.       -l]-'-    '-AM-   .".   :,:,  ,-     Ijin   ,!   ;.  , 

li-..  .■ -,i.;.  U  UlUJlUtr'''  :i.l   lVi"Ui>v'U 

to  SO  to  th*i  1«  <ck-up.     A  .  they  had 

to  fore '■:■  1 1 1 1 II  :i  lithe  way  t  >  >    i  up,  which 

was  t  t  the  lanffistrateii  house,  full 

threi  It  took  tnem  all  night  to  get 

him  [  veo  o'clock  at  night  till 

four!  While  the  V  were  thus 

<  ■  '  went  into  tlie  preserve, 

^^ed  haif  the  game  that 
Was  UK  IV.  >  tu It u^  could  be  proved  against 
liumhle,  and  tht;  reverend  magiatnite  was 
obliged  to  l<?t  hiiii  go,  with  a  nerere  repri- 
mand^  mwl  n  Sitlcinn  warning'  to  take  care 
wljat  he  wns  about — which  Humble  proiuieed 
to  do. 

We  have  now  described  two  "festive 
boiirdfl ;  '*  the  Uui\l,  and  greatest,  ii  yet  to 
come. 

Til.  r  the  Framptoim  eomp'ieed  old 

lijr.    1  .   who    was     a     retired     tea- 

merchkur ;  liis  wife  ;  hia  son  Frank,  a  country 
)routh,  of  mneteen,  devoted  to  dogs  and  a 
^f .  L  V.,..  .  ihrfr^  marriageable  daughters  ; 
iiaida  ;  a  goo<l  plain  cook  ;  au  ol<i 

i- ..,   who  sometiujes  drove   the    chaiae, 

an<i  ivaitdii  at  tnble  when  there  wa«  a  diimer- 
party  ;  tmd  n  boy,  who  looked  alter  the  horse, 
olea&ed  kiiivea  atid  boots^  took  letters  to  the 
post-office,  ^'c. 

At  the  hoKpitable  tnble  of  the  Framptona* 
was  now  sealed  Mr.  Pine,  a  dashing  young 
Rilversmith  from  London,  and  younfi  Peter 
Tattnaa,  only  son  and  heir  of  Squire  Tatman, 
of  the  HaLL  Young  Tatmac  was  proud 
of  aU  field  sports;  a  capital  shot,  &  firsi^ 
rate  cricketer,  could  run,  or  leap  with  any 
one  in  the  county  ;  was  a  merry  companion, 
and  would  have  been  &  favoured  guest  at 
most  vf  the  houses  within  ten  mUes  roimd, 
but  for  his  intemperate  wine-bibbing.  He 
ntver  dined  anywhere  that  he  did  not  get 
drunk. 

It  was  now  ten  o'clock,  and  still  young 
Tatman  eat  drinking  j»ort  wine,  and  Mr. 
FrtmpCon  who  was  scrupulous  in  bis  old- 
&siuoiked  notions  of  hospitality,  sat  stupidly 
psalqg  the  deoanten  bxm  himself  to  the 
wi^  of  hia  eon  (Uub  q>oftive  youth  having 
ftllen  b«ck  asleep  is  his  chair,  where  he  was 
now  dveajning  or  past  ejqtloiU  with  his  duck- 
£un),  and  thence  to  the  sitle  of  the  pkte  c^ 
Mr.  line  who  had  vanished,  not  to  tea  and 
coffee  with  the  ladies,  but  under  the  ta^le. 
Fr.»m  this  futile  position  of  the  decanter, 
youii^*  Tatman  wiiLdrew  it  at  arm's  length^ 


filled — and  paiseeu  it  acam  to  Mr.  Franjpton, 
It  v>nn  clear  tViar.  Afj-  P*  t.t  Tatmu!  Iim.I  •q 
iuteiitii-n    of  n 

ht)p;3"lliV      bv      tl  r,;_r 

silv«  ..k  iu3  leJiVc;. 

}i  •rchant  vrry  a  well- 

seasoiicii,  atcjjy,  iH^rt-wine  dr'mk*  T  u\ 

school,  and  Mr.  relcr  Tatman,   \»  j 

find  about  eleven  o*'     '    '  « 

in  his  bniin  that  li 

tujTied  upon  hims**.!..  .u.ii.r  .i  vn  t 

di&coverv',  and  swearing  he  woul  ►» 

any  niore  wine,  rose  to  dejiart, 
went,  however,   he    insiBted    on  » 

draw  ]Mr.  Pine  from  beneath  tli*^  id 

memly  lent  his  lud  in  leadiog  him  up  Iq  bod, 
followed  by  young  Frank  Frampton,  whose 
sleep  at  au  enrly  jieHoil  of  the  engagement 
had  saved  him  fi-om  the  future  effects  to  which 
the  dashing  young  sUveiBmith  had  fallen  m 
victim* 

The  ladies  had  all  retired  to  bed,  Mrs. 
Frampton  having  left  strict  injunctions  to 
Margy,  the  elder  housemaid  to  collect  all  the 
plate,  and  lock  it  up  in  the  china  closet  ad- 
joining her  tted-room,  and  opening  by  a  second 
door  into  Mi',  Fi-ampton'a  dressing-room. 
After  this,  they  were  to  i)ut  all  the  glass  and 
china  on  the  side-boaro,  till  the  morning  ; 
carry  down  to  the  oelkr  all  Wttle**  tlmt  w®^ 
uncorkeil ;  lock  the  cellar,  and  tbi  1 

the  house,  rake  all  fires  out^  see  i 

go  to  bed. 

Mat^  was  a  vsiy  caraful  middle-aged 
woman,  and  duly  penormsd  the  task  in  all 
its  briinches.  She  was  even  moxe  than  usually 
pttj-tii ul-'i  in  uttachinff  bells  .nid  fiuiteniiig 
win  I  i-s  and  doors.  <%  she 

sat  1  <vn  alone  in  th«  .Aom  to 

rust  a  minute. 

All  aditKl  and  a-sleep,  mused  (he  Ikaiss- 
maid.  How  siJent  the  Itouse  was  after  all  tlie 
noise,  and  eating,  and  drinking,  and  rattling 
of  plated,  and   lau;'  '  lC 

men  np  to  l)ed  ; — w.  u 

what  a  noise  he  nuvof  ^^  d 

foolery  as  he  went  reel  t 

door,  and  fombUng  his  k 

gravel  walk*    Ah— l&e  e 

young  men  she  had  seen—  ^      '^ 

in  particular — ^wheu  she  wais  just  two-«Jii^ 
twenty.  Here  poor  Mai-^ry  raised  her  aprua 
to  her  eyes,  and  with  a  deep  Ngh  roe«p  and 
went  up  stairs  to  bed. 

The  beds  and  till  nta  were  distri- 

buted at  the  Fr?ti  u   the  following 

manner, — which  it  la  iiiii»on,ant  to  a  ri^ht 
undei-standiug  of  what  is  to  h^ipen  be^ire 
daybreak,  to  note  carefully. 

To  begin  below  :  the  old  ginkosr  abpi  m 
a  room  opening  into  a  passsgs  to  the  fasdt 
area,  leaoiiig  up  steps  to  the  garden.  The 
boy  slept  on  a  little  horse-liedstesd  in  a  small 
dark  room,  close  to  tlis  lumber-room,  btftr  tho 
back  kitchen.  Time  were  tline  rooms  on 
the  drawing  room  floor,  one  of  widish  was 
used  as  a  ^ spare''  bed-room  i  ami  h«re  Mr, 


THE  JOLLY  BITRGLABS. 


Uf 


r 


FSiie,  the  overoome  mtvenmith^  wsb  now 
Bouadly  sleeping.  In  the  froml  Becond-floor 
rooirt,  iav  Mr»  liiid  Mrs*  Fnunpton,  lu  the 
Urger  of  the  back  roomy,  two  of  the  voting 
Imbtie,  and  Ma^tiar  Frank  in  the  amoUer  one. 
llie  youngest  daughter  occupied  the  front 
room  above ;  the  cook,  another  back  rt»om, 
with  the  aeallery*mjud  in  a  closet  openinof  out 
of  it ;  Iklargy,  and  the  other  housemaid,  the 
thuxl  bt'vck  room.  And  now  it  Ls  twelve 
o^elock,  aud  aU.  of  them  are  fast  asleep. 

It  b  a  dark  night  in  the  latter  end  of  Octo- 
ber. The  day  has  been  very  niUd,  but  it  has 
rallied  hard  sinee  eleven  o>lock.  The  raiu 
liiuH  now  i?i  ;isi?d.  ;ind  the  wind  has  risen.  The 
round  the  house  shake  and 
^-ra  of  leaves  fall ;  dry  bits 
of  Mtick  aiti  aometimee  blown  against  the 
windows ;  the  doora  and  shatters,  and  window 
frames,  rattle ;  and  other  Btrange  sounds  are 
made  in  tho  bouse,  as  well  as  outside,  by  the 
weather. 

But  in  the  pauses  of  the  wind,  other  noises, 
of  a  different  kind  from  all  the  i^est,  might 
have  been  heard,  had  anybo^'  on  the  ground- 
floor  been  awake.  The  burgUrbi  had  arrived, 
and  having  selected  their  point  to  effect  an 
entrance,  were  now  steadily  at  work. 

It  is  an  axiom  in  the  sdeOfOe  of  fortification, 
that  a  fortress  is  no  stronger  than  its  weakest 
point.  lAnky  Go  having  been  round  to  all 
the  lower  windows,  and  found  them  properly 
fMiteoed,  ^th  bellg  affixed — so  he  said — as 
wtKi  as  the  doora — which  they  had  hartily 
"" — *~^  after  so  convivial  a  parti' — they 
i  consultation,  and  unanimously  &xea 
u,.  ..  „..^  jiantry  window  as  the  most  eligible 
means  of  breaking  into  the  house. 

The  pantry  wTcdriw  looked  out  upon  a  s!*Ie 
lA*Ti,  where  the  clothes  were  hung  out  to  dry. 
It  was  six  feet  from  the  grounti,  but  there  was 
no  area  between  the  wafl  and  the  lawn.  The 
window  was  without  class,  and  covered  with 
a  frame-work  of  perKirated  zinc.  It  was 
moreover  protected  by  two  iron  bars,  and  as 
the  window  itself  wns  narrow^  the  body  even 
of  a  boy  eoold  not  have  squeezed  through 
between  them. 

Lftuky  Go,  being  much  the  talle«t,  accord- 
ingly proceeded  to  effect  his  part  of  the  task. 
He  placed  himself  close  against  the  wall,  and 
witn  a  keen  file  began  to  cut  through  one  of 
the  iron  bars.  He  worked  quickly,  and  with- 
out noise. 

Humble  and  Criol  lae,  silently  took 

out  their  several   i  ,  and  an'anged 

them  for  use.  They  u'l  i  ^iih  them  a  power- 
ful jenmiy  (a  stout  crow-liar),  a  centre *bit, 
Bcrew-driver,  chisel,  files,  a  pair  of  iron  pincers 
of  a  peculiar  shape  (made  to  pass  through  a 
hole  and  turn  a  comer),  and  a  large  knife, 
vitlj  Several  tools  in  it,  such  as  a  small  saw, 
two  ffiuilets^  a  hook,  a  pick,  and  a  cork-screw. 
To  this  armoury  was  added  a  brace  of  nistola, 
three  Uudgeona,  a  dark  lanthom,  and  three 
maaka, — b,  green  one,  made  of  an  old  veil,  a 
white  one,  mude  of  cartridge-jmper,  and  a 


black  one  of  the  usual  masquerade  maLnufac- 
tui'e,  though  much  bent  and  malti-cAtod. 

One  bar  bein^  announced,  by  a  sign,  as 
cut  tlu'ough,  Cnck  advanoed^  aud,  with  the 
jemmy,  adux>itly  smashed  and  claweii  out  half 
a  brick  from  the  wall,  about  thirteen  inrhes 
Ik'Imw  the  ftUl  of  the  window.    H»  *d 

himself  clo^e  b^ide  Lanky  Go,  c  i:tf 

hia  ba<?k^  with  his  eHx^wsplactd  Hat  a-Tuni3 
the  wall^  and  his  headpressed  upon  his  arms, 
Ui>on  their  backs  Humble  now  mounted 
He  then  seized  the  lower  end  of  the  ii'on  bar, 
jiiflt  above  tlie  place  where  it  bad  been  cut 
thr\:>ugh,  and  planting  hia  left  toe  in  the  niche 
where  the  piece  of  bnek  had  been  torn  out, 
he  thus  obtained  a  good  "purchase,"  and  by 
main  strength  bent  the  bar  npwiirdd  ana 
aslant  He  now  leaped  softly  down,  and 
made  a  back  for  Crick,  who  went  to  work  at 
the  sheet  of  perforated  zinc,  which,  in  a  few 
minutes,  he  opened  all  down  one  side,  and 
folded  back.  He  then  thrust  his  head  and 
shoulders  in  at  the  pantry  window,  and 
liBteued. 

"  Go  along,**  hoarsely  whiroered  Humble. 
Twisting  hia  legs  round  at  this  exhortation, 
CMck  &ngled  5iem  down  into  the  pantry. 
His  cruncned-ap  head  and  shoulders  fJEKed 
his  friends  below  for  a  moment,  and  then 
disappeared.  But  presently  his  handa  re-ap* 
peaied,  and  the  fingera  twisted  impatiently  in 
the  air. 

Lanky  Go  ioataatly  skipped  up  beneath 
the  window  with  the*  centre-bit  and  special 
pincers,  which  he  deposited  in  the  hands,  and 
they  immediately  vanished  in  the  darkness. 

Humble  and  Lanky,  after  waiting  a  few 
minutes,  till  certain  sounds  within  iMicated 
that  Crick  had  effected  Ids  entrance,  moved 
slowly  roimd  to  the  area  at  the  back,  facing 
the  ganien.  Lanky  pointed  to  one  of  the 
lower  windows,  interrogatively.  Humble 
shook  his  head.  "SomelKxiy  asleep  there," 
whispered  be, — **  gardener  or  boy  ;"  and  then 
pointed  to  the  back-door  down  in  the  area, 
Thev  descended  the  stone  steps,  and  Humble 
nppfied  his  ear  to  the  key-hole,  while  Lanky 
applie^l  his  to  a  crack  in  the  top  square  of  the 
door-paneL 

In  the  course  of  ten  minutes*  auBpenae, 
they  heard  the  gradual  gifting  noise  of  the 
slow  withdrawal  of  maty  bjlta, — the  gliding 
back  of  the  tongue  of  the  lock — and  the  lifting 
up  and  lav-ing  aside  of  a  chain.  The  door  then 
slowly  opened — and  the  muzzle  of  a  duck- 
gun  was  protruded  I  It  came  out  loaiger  and 
longer,  with  steady,  hostUe  advance — and 
behmd  it  appeared,  not  the  adroit  colleague, 
John  Crick, — but  the  hobbedehoy  figure  of 
Master  Frank,  in  his  shirt. 

"  Rascals  ! ""  cried  he,  **  take  that !  "—with 
which  words  he  fired  manluUy  about  three 
yards  over  their  heads,  and  struck  the  top  of 
an  ornamental  pigeon-house  in  the  middle  of 
the  Inwu.  Humble  and  Lankj'  were  retiring 
precipitately,  when  out  darted  Crick,  and  in 
an  instant  pinioned  the  vahant  young  duck* 


n 


SCO 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


ICoMWMltf 


loc! 


sportsman  from  bebind*  He  began  to  bawl 
"Thieve*!  robbers!  murd— **  but  Crick's 
fingers  graspcil  hia  tki'oiit,  aiid  h«  was  thrown 
down,  with  a  kiiee  thrust  deep  into  the  pit 
of  his  gtoumch,  which  efTectnially  silenced 
him. 

Humblo  and  lAaky  do,  who  had  nuhed 
into  one  of  the  ^ide  ski'u>ibene«,  finding  that 
the  cries  had  been  abniplly  stopped,  coniec- 
tured  what  the  tuni  w^as  tliat  had  taken  place 
in  aitiiii-B,  and  emerj^iiig  from  the  shrubberies, 
wet  Crick,  who  explained  iu  a  word  what  had 
occurred.  *'  Go  on  I  ^*  Baid  Humble,  with  an 
oath — savage  at  the  momentary  check.  They 
i-etumed  to  where  the  young  man  was  left  ; 
and  thinking  he  might  tnj  troublesome  if  he 
caiU6  to  himself,  Humble  dragged  him  into 
tho  pasaafje,  intending  to  lock  him  up  in  one 
of  the  cellars.  But  as  he  was  saarchiui^  about, 
a  iloor  ojiened,  and  the  wrdener  coming  into 
the  uoaeage,  cried  out,  "  Who*8  there  ] ' 

*•  Nobody  I  "  said  Humble,  fei-ociously,  and 
Btrikinjai  him  a  blow  with  his  fist  that  sent  the 
old  man  reeling  back  into  the  middle  of  the 
room,  lie  swung  the  insensible  body  of  poor 
Frank  along  tho  flocjr,  and  Crick,  taking  out 
the  key  from  the  inside,  closed  the  door,  and 
locke<l  it.  Two  of  th«  male  iuhabitar^ta  of  the 
house  were  thus  safely  pi'ovided  for.  They 
giwn  a  hasty  look  round  with  the  dark  lan- 
l_^Sifjrn  for  the  boy,  but  he  was  no  whore  to  be 
u.  Humble  said  they  must  waste  no  more 
ime,  but  go  to  work  up  stairs  at  once,  for  h« 
heard  them  moviug. 

Tlie  tluee  burglars  now  hastily  put  on  their 
znaslu,  and  hurried  to  the  foot  of  the  stairs, 
seiziiig  cloaks  and  capes  fi'om  the  pegs  in  the 
puHSU^e,  with  which  they  assiatod  tlie  disguise 
of  theu"  persons.  Humble  \<ni  the  way  with  a 
pistol  in  his  left-hand  j  Crick  followed  closely 
with  the  other  pistol ;  and  Laidcy  Go  brought 
up  tho  rear  with  the  diuk  laiithoiTi  in  one 
hand,  and  a  bludgeon  iu  the  other — all  ac- 
corfling  to  previous  an^ngement. 

Thf-y  heard  the  door  of  Mr.  Frainpton's 
beil-rooTu  o^»en,  imd  liis  voice  call  out, "  Fmuk  t 
Frank! — ♦h*lu*t  you  heai^  a  gun  go  oif  just 
this  minute  1 "  This  was  instantly  folluweil 
liy  a  scrcani  from  Mrs.  Frtmiptori,  who  cried 
out,  "  They  're  breaking  into  the  housn  I — 
I  'm  sure  tuey  ai^e  !  " 

The  words  were  still  on  her  lip^  when  Mr. 
F  '         who   had   been   standing   ou   the 

1  e,  rushed  baok  into  the  room,  fol- 

!>" jt  ilkroe  men  in  mfisks.    He  Imd  not 

even  time  to  close  the  door.  Mra.  Fmrapton, 
with  a  loud  scream,  hid  her  head  beneath  the 
clothes,  and  fainted  uway,  while  her  husband 
ran  to  one  of  the  windows,  mid  began  to  tlirow 
it  np,  but  wa*  instantly  seizetl  from  l>ehind  by 
the  foremost  of  the  men,  and  flung  violently 
Imckw/irds  upon  the  carpet  near  the  l>ed.  A 
pist<jl  wiui  I  hen  held  Ut  Ids  head,  while  the 
rtinian,  \rith  horrible  imprecations,  threatened 
instantly  to  h\o\\  his  brains  oat  if  he  did  not 
jfive  up  all  his  keys,  and  tell  whei-e  his  money 
and  plate  weje  d^i^osited. 


While  this  was  domg,  C'rick  ran  down  st.dra 
with  Lanky,  and  entered  the  room  in  which 
Mr.  Pine  had  been  deposited.  The  noise  and 
scuffling  had  awoke  him,  and  he  had  y\^i  got 
out  of  bed,  and  Wiis  .  '  in  the  midiUe  ot 
the  room  with  an  ov  ^  when  the  two 

men  burst  in  up>n  Imn,  itn  instantty  stag- 
gered forwarii,  demanding  in  thick  accents, 
and  a  tone  of  authority, — ''  What  *a  oV'lnck  ?  ** 
He  was  answered  by  a  blow  from  Crick's 
bludgeon,  which  laid  him  prostrate,  and,  ii 
possible,  more  seoBeleiB  than  before,  while 
Lanky  hastily  pCNBeaaed  himself  of  a  g^ld 
watch  and  chain,  which  he  put  in  his  po<Sc«t. 
They  then  left  th©  room. 

Loud  screamj)  from  above  now  attracted 
their  attention.  The  two  Miss  Fnimptons, 
who  slept  on  the  second  floor,  had  issued  from 
their  room,  and  seeing  their  fether  lying  upon 
his  back,  with  a  man  in  a  mask  standing  over 
him,  had  flown  up  stauiB  to  alarm  the  maid- 
ser\-ant.s  and  their  sister, — and  immediately 
three  windows  were  flung  open,  and  they  all 
began  screaming,  **  Thieves  !  Murder !  Fire !  ** 
— to  how  little  puqjose  when  there  waa  uo 
house  within  a  mile  of  them  I  But  Margy 
ran  down  to  the  assistance  of  her  master,  and 
darting  upon  Humble,  who  was  stooping  over 
him,  tying  his  hands,  tore  him  awa/.  She 
was  almost  instantaneously  seized  by  Cnck 
and  Lanky,  who  tied  a  handkerchief  round 
her  mouth  and  throat  so  tightly  as  almost 
to  cause  strangulation, and  iu  this  nUii*^  tlunvt 
lier  into  a  closet  in  the  bed-rt^oiu,  ;> 
her  in.  Humble,  meautinie,  had  r 
aUurs  among  the  screaming  woneo,  whom  h^ 
seized  and  stinick  iu  the  most  Barage  manner, 
dragging  them  away  from  the  open  windows  ; 
and  being  presently  joined  by  his  coD^jjigtJCs. 
they  forced  all  of  them  into  th©  rooju  vi' 
the  youngest  Miss  Frampton,  whom  they 
threatened  with  instant  death — ntvacnting  a 
pirttol  at  her  head,  and  a  knife  to  ner  tliroat^ 
if  she  did  not  keep  all  the  rest  i[Jii«'t.  Lanky 
then  t^ok  a  gold  watch  and  gome  tiiiikcls 
from  a  toilet-table,  and  they  lelX  the  rooiu, 
promisbg  to  return,  and  make  good  their 
threats,  if  any  one  again  uttered  a  cry,  or 
opened  a  window. 

The  three  burglara  now  df*H<?endef1,  and 
ent^iffd  the  china-closet,  whei'  ^ 

up  all  the  plate.     Mr.  Framj 
quite  helpless  on  tho  floor,  b  mm  I 

loot.     As  to  the  screfims  frtM  lows, 

they  hiwl  Insen  stopp«rd.  as  m/ir  "  ■', 

but  without  much  appreheusi' 
the  house,  Jis  previoUKly  oxpLui..    .,   -  j  i 

h;df  a  mile  from  the  high-road,  and  no  oih*?i' 
dwelling  was  neai*.  The  borgiarsf,  theift"««re, 
proceeded  systematically  to  plunder  the 
house.  Lanky  Go  kept  gtiard,  by  wTvlking 
up  stairs,  and  uttei-iug  thrcal«,  »n«l  then 
descending  to  the  bottom  of  th«?  bouse,  lliis 
he  continued  U>  do  while  Hon  ' 
brought  down  the  plate,  an-;, 
dilTerent  rooms,  carried  olf  evt.Tv  smau  .hlh  <<* 
of  \'aJne  they  could  find.     They  even  swupt 


CkirlwDlcktMj 


THE  JOLLY  BT7RGLABS. 


901 


^ 


the  vithoU'  uacks  from  the  drawing- 

room  chin  If  aud  threw  them  into  the 

Back  with  th<^  fejKJUiiS  and  te&pote. 

It  will  be  ix'coUected  that  young  Frank 
FnitJiptori  luui  l»eeii  laid  sengeleKB  l>y  a  lialf- 
thiv*ttling  jinjceiis,  «.>n  the  first  entrance  of  the 
btirglArs,  Hnd  that  the  old  gardener  had  also 
bfeA  knw.ke<l  down.  Tlie  old  man^  however, 
ft.ft«r  A  time,  recovered  hiiiLaelf  suJficientlj  to 
riiie,  tnd  availing  himself  of  the  absence  of 
the  wat<?hfiU  guard,  Lauky,  when  he  waa  up 
stairs,  threateoiBg  the  screaming  women,  he 
opeu^  his  window  (hia  door  havins^  been 
locke<l  from  the  outaide)  and  let  himself  down 
into  the  area,  which  was  onlv  four  feet  below. 
He  then  cautioualy  entered  the  hotifie,  and 
went  straight  to  the  little  room  where  the 
Vkty  slept.  The  boy  utia  gone.  A  thought 
struck  the  gai-dcner,  and  he  hurried  to  the 
coal-ovllaiv  and  there  he  found  him  bidden. 
The  boy  knew  his  vuiee,  and  crawled  out.  and 
fl...v  t*Mti  fi\iiu  the  house  across  the  lawu,  and 
the  tvhrubbcriea,  and  bo  along  the 
f.  Av  1 1  k ,  t  n  I  they  reached  the  arbour, 
an<i  here  t  1  to' take  breath. 

The  giki  1  told  the  boy  to  make  the 

best  of  his  witv  luw  the  highroad,  and  find 
the  patrol,  and  tell  hiiu  whiit  was  going  on, 
while  he  would  hasten  by  ftuother  way  up 
into  the  vilLige,  by  a  lane  that  would  bring 
him  out  just  opposite  to  the  house  of  ^Matthew 
Pringle,  the  constable,  whom  he  would  knock 

It  will  now  be  requisnte  to  revert  to  the 
depailure  of  young  Squu'e  Tatmau  from  the 
convivial  board  of  this  unfortunate  country 
family,  and  to  bear  in  mi  ml  the  peculiar  con- 
dition in  which  he  sflJlied  forth  into  the 
dark  night,  refusing,  with  a  flourish,  all  com- 
{jatiionehip  of  boy  or  lauthora  to  guide  his 
unsteady  8te|>& 

He  had  not  gone  far  alon-^  tlie  gravel  walk 
before  a  heavy  slmwer  uf  nVin  came  on,  and 
to  obtain  some  ^'  ■■*■-•'  ^'^  stepped  aside  among 
the  tn^e,^  (if  a  .  through  which  he 

made  his  way  lu  .  ....    .  ^^  iirds  the  high  road. 

It  8o  happened,  howt»ver,  that  he  emerged 
very  much  fui-ther  oti'  than  he  hati  intended, 
lOid  being  near  to  a  little  i-oad-side  inn,  he 
commenced  a  batten'  against  the  shutters, 
which  conifjelled  the  fandlatiy  to  api>ear  at  the 
window,  and  then,  having  aacei*tiuned  his 
•*  quality,"  to  come  down,  anil  let  him  in.  He 
remained  fv>ran  hour  or  more  drinking  brandy- 
and- water, — on  account,  as  he  pretendeil,  of 
bem^  wet  through  and  through.  At  hist  she 
got  rid  of  him. 

Tlie  young  squire  again  sallied  forth  into 
the  night  in  a  yet  more  "  unaoeonnUible " 
ainte  than  before,  and  after  a  time  arrived  in 
the  main  street  of  the  village.  Here  he  re- 
collected the  house  of  two  old  maiden  ladie«, 
who  kept  five  cat«,  through  whom  he  had 
^^  a  whipping  when  a  school-boy,  for  Cwten- 
ing  a  cracker  to  one  of  their  tails  on  the  fifth 
of  Novemljer.  He  stopped — looked  up  at  the 
bed-room  winduwa^ — then  down  at  the  dining- 


room  shuttei^.  and  finiabed  his  vague  con- 
templation by  picking  up  a  hi  Ft;  t  stotio,  and 
commencing  a  loud  hammer  -t   the 

shutters, — and  wound  up  b\  ■  iij  the 

stone  through  one  of  the  bed-n-uiu  windowe, 
while  he  set  up  a  strange  howh  He  had  the 
greater  pleasure  in  doing  this.  l>ecaufie  the 
house  waa  within  two  doors  of  tho  little  shop 
of  Matthew  Pringle,  the  constable. 

This  nocturnal  outrage  quickly  brought 
forth  the  poor  maiden  ladies  to  tht»  windows 
of  their  aeveral  rooms,  which  they  threw  up, 
and  began  to  scream,  **  Constable  !  C'onstiihk- ! 
Thieves  !  Thieves  !  Mr.  Pringle  !  Mr,  Pr— 
ing — ingle  ! "" 

Another  stone  through  the  bed-room  win- 
dow of  the  Tj»erBonage  thus  summoned,  instantly 
bix>ught  toat  invaluable  functionary  to  Ais 
window,— opening  w^hich  he  heai-d  a  ^milar 
salute  jiaid  to  another  window  further  on  ;  it 
therefore  became  a  clear  case  that  he  must 
hurry  off  to  capttzre  the  off- '^"^' »  i .  f,ire  all 
the  glass  la  the  village  was  u  He 

commenced  putting  on  some  «  .tb  the 

utmost  hast«. 

^Meantime  the  raeny  youn^  g»Dtlemiui  had 
moved  on  till  he  found  himself  abreast  vt  the 
principal  inn  of  the  village,  viz.,  the  "  Boyal 
George."  The  one  taint  lamp  of  the  main 
street  waa  just  over  the  way,  and  sheil  a 
dim  light  on  the  benign  asjiect  of  the  gentle- 
manlv  monarch  above,  which  young  ']^tmau 
found  quit*  irresistible.  So>  he  swsrmed  up 
the  sign-pv>st,  and  firet  lift^sd  one  ho»)k  out  of 
its  eye,  and  then  the  other,  and  dowii  fell  the 
great  sign-board  eilgeways  in  the  road. 

Down  BUd  the  pleasant  youn^  gentleman, 
and  takin:^  up  his  Majesty  on  hl'^liAck,  with 
the  face  turacd  outwioxls,  rmd  looking  Wniguly 
on  all  beliinil, — mo  veil  onwarils  with  his 
burthen,  staggering,  yet  secure  on  his  legs, 
and  at  a  good  pace. 

It  was  a  cold  wet  night,  aud  Matthew 
Pringle  had  thought  it  advisable  to  put  en 
most  of  his  clothes  K>foi*e  he  issued  forth  on 
duty.  He  was  out  gc*ou  enough  to  obaene  a 
figure  going  up  the  main  street  at  no  great 
distance.  He  hailed  him,  and  then  qiuckened 
hia  pftce.  As  he  gut  nearer,  he  saw  it  waa  a 
man  walking  off  \«ith  some  booty — a  great 
square  Iwx,  na  it  seemed  !  He  sunmioned 
him  to  stop  in  the  Queen's  name  i — but  the 
luidnight  robber  only  onickened  his  pace. 
Pringle  ipiickened  his.  The  ftgure  began  to 
run,  Pringle  gave  chase ;  and  away  went 
the  figure  along  the  high-road,  beyond  the 
\nliage,  and  presently  tume*l  down  a  deep 
Une,  and  ran  scrambling  through  the  dark- 
ness with  a  slushy  sound  ; — Matthew  Pringle 
after  him. 

But  the  house  of  the  poor  Framptona, 
which  is  l>eing  phmdered  all  this  time,  with 

Cr  Mr.  Frampton  lying  on  his  bsick,  botmd 
,d  and  foot ! — as  any  country-  gentlem*in 
may  be,  at  any  time,  by  burglai-s — and  hia 
wife,  and  family,  and  servants  all  in  'momea- 
lary  terror  of  theii*  lives !    What  is  to  become 


h 


( 


HOU&EHOLD  WOEDS. 


|C««4ai<Q*dkr 


of  tUcni  (  A  W  \ml  liecn  deapftUilied  by  the 
M  ^rM^nlfiiir,  io'iiih  as  Hat  M  liii  J^efi  would 
c  '     '  ■  '         I i,  All*!  try  an<l 

1 ,  to  ft  oert4*in   oxteut^ 

wi\A     lurLv    n'riiJtlgh     to 

i'itemeiit, 

tbe  Jittlc  icUuw   iiat.  ti  to  cry  out 

"Patrol!  iMilron     Ti-  •  ThiVvie^  !  ** 

The  guAniiitn  of  tht:  li  '   ^'P 

hi£  hoive,  but  before  the  1;  hiiu 

the  patrol  lie;ml  Uie   8t.i. 
men    I'uimiriLC    along   the 
vllbui;^     Making  tiiirc  thttte  >>«  i 
thd  DOT  meant,  who  wci^e  now 

after  C 

The  -sof 

breath*  arrived  M  ihi-  liouae.   Here 

he   was   met    by  M<  i"  her  huge 

tugbt-cup,  who  uifoniiOJti  litm  r.hnt  h^r  hus- 
bftn^l  )ij»^l  gone  out  after  norac  vUlains  who 
V.  '  '  iti^  alt  the  wimlvs  iu  the  village, 
a  I  e  horae-patrol  bat!  gone  aflwr  them 

Itiu— Mui  lUej  would  800U  be  liack,  she  hoped. 

The  choie  of  Priugle,  however,  was  not 
l^»»*,^;l./MT  Qo  aooa  to  come  feo  a  dose.  Down 
t:  '  'igghng  back  lanes  did  the  robber, 

Nvi  _,:  eat  box,  ran  most  vigorously,  and 

tho  constable  after  him,  pantioff  and  gasping, 
and  with  one  hand  preaaed  to  Tiifi  side.  And 
now  the  sound  of  a  hone's  Itoois  is  behind 
them, — and  on  it  comess.  but  not  very  fA«ft»  aa 
the  lane  In  so  da.rk  and  nHjtnrry,  and  down 
hiU.  The  |xitrt>rM  huli'8  eye  lanthom  la  very 
useful  It  cndts  a  great  stream  of  li  ' 
before  them,  lie  aoon  finds  out  tliat 
firat  man  he  eoiuee  up  with,  iii  Piingle — bui. 
what  ia  that  which  retreats  !  It  ia  a  large 
majestic  Iigure  attirrd  in  coloiirerl  robes,  with 
a  smiliiiff  countenance,  and  a  fine  high-curlt-d 
wig— and  running  down  the  lane  bockwanU  I 

Th#  hue  suddeoiy  becomes  vct  more  pre- 
Gtpiioaa— and  alia!  for  human  powers,  even 
in  a  promklng  young  «qulre,  down  falls  the 
fi^re  flat ; — and  flatly  Uqb,  but  still  looks  up 
w  ^  imile^^ — the  augtist  i^emblanee 

c  •  Jeorge  the  Fourth  ! 

I  N  I  :  t.ru  up  the  atrange  comph-xity  of 
ni.ifi  , ;fi  I  -''.•j:n ;  and  by  this  time,  the  man  wns 
aliiit»fet  ill  an  insenaihle  a  condition  of  being. 
Finding  it  was  jouiw  Sanire  Tatmsoi,  the  two 
pacish  authorities  did  wnat  they  thought  Itest 
"  under  their  difficult  circumstances.  They  \ 
helped  him  up — wiped  the  mud  off  hia  faee-^ 
nlacod  him  on  the  hoTBe^  the  patrol  walking 
ny  the  side,  to  hold  him  up,  and  the  ooDstable 
walking  Viobhid,  humbly  caiTving  the  aign.  In 
this  %rny  they  c^cortefl  the  young  gentleman 
to  his  own  house — good  fot^i*  miles  from  the 
pUoe  whei^e  they  found  him. 

Row  has  it  Hajnd  all  this  time  with  V- 
burglarB    at    the    Framptons  )     £xuelle)i 
well.    They  hav^  collected  all  the  plate  in., 
the  wa^chea,  chaitis^  ri<Ht^  ^'^  trinketa ;  all  i 


all  the  light, 
have  broijyht 


the  mant\ 

portable 

nil    down  "■       '  '      \ 

phicin^  tV> 

i;nii\^4S  bi4^.  -n. 

table  with  the  i 

«nd  gLtose  atid  i*.-.„  „.,     ^^   .„.,  „,^^.  .  „„,J 

iti^eatl  and  cheese,  and  cold  salmon,  and  a  pi'«- 

served  gooaeberry  tart ;  and  he  U  now  goinff 

with  a  candle  to  the  cellar  far  a  rlocan  of 

wine. 

Laid^y  Go  has  issued  forth  into  the  Uwn  at 
the  back  of  the  house— naeaed  thtxrugh  one  of 
'      '      '  ■  eriea,  ana  approached  a  he«irtc. 
'W,   smothered  whistle.     The 
^Ti_:t    i^   [uiiicil  aside, — and  a  rough,  dirty- 
auzzle<i  dog'like  face  with  a  re^l  nose;  and  rml 
projecting  Iipa,  is  thrusf  *1  n-.ni.l.    tb^    .i.-v. 
ture.    The  head  has  a  11: 
upon  it,  and  the  thick  red 
bi*as8«headed  handle  of  a  wiiip,  while  the  eyes 
seem  to  listen  as  much  sa  the  f^^vr?. 

Lanky  bent  forward— **  Givt  st  o' 

the  corn."     With  this  brief  <  h  «t 

once  showed  tlio  driver  that  al' 
the  brute's  frioe  wms  withdra^^  m 
in   the   hedge,   and   Lanky  i-ctm  n^vi    lo   ma 
friends 

The  table  vms^  by  this  time,  well  onvetvi^ 
^ath  ^  all  the  dainties  of  the  Beaflanf**  and  with 
a  sqmulron  of  black  bottlea,  freah  fi'Ofn  the 
wine-cellar.  Crick  was  digging  out  a  pigoon- 
pie,  luid  Humble  was  lying  back  iu  a  cnairi 


wimug  his  forehead  with  his  deevt^ 

They  had  worketi  hard  in  one  way^and  now 
they  fell  to  work  in  another.    The  execntion 
they  did   upon  the  various  contents  of  the 
'  '     in  the  course  of  a  ouai't 
iy   but  a  jolly  burffJar 
^  ui  V  bwallowed  mouthfius  th.^^  nvwiu  ntvci 
I  done  credit  to  a  Clown  in  a  paniomtme,  and 
drank  port  wine  (Mr.  Frampton*8  fbiK^r  <.1,I 
'  port — ^in  D.  2)   in  l>cer  tmohleT!' 
;  champagne,  they  knocked  the  ntt^l. 
I  IxJttles,  and  let  the  wine  gp-j  'hmr 

tliroats.      At   leugth.  Lanky  >  .    hia 

timd>]tir  with  a  bumper  of  Madeii^.^  look  it  in 
his    right    hand,    and    slowly    rising,    thus 
addreaaed  the  oomnany : — 

"Gentlemen,  sonoolfellows,  and  ^endaf 
said  he, — **  I  rise,  at  this  carlv  ^       -     '  the 
evening,  in  wirtue   of  my  ber  deat 

among  you,  and  therefore  naoat  i^.. ....... .^:oued 

to  state  a  moral  proy«rb  like  thia— «s  it> 
good  to  be  meny— and  wise.    We  have  dona 
our  duties  to-night — our  carriage  and  ome 
and  coacliman  are  a-wmting  for  us  under  a 
ilai'k  hedge  close  by.    Lot  ub  ibandiMre  take 
up  our  little  propertyj,  and  go  on?  wipp«.     But 
afore  we  go,  I  beg  to  peniuD^-  ^  ou  a 

lyall  toast.    Here's  to  the  elt 1 1  rMii 

of  her  most  gracious  Queen  WiciMi  '   "^ 

wise  Memben  of  Parliament,  wht 
"r"'-^  the   country  gentry  to  h"* 

to  look  arter  thenx,  ai:  r 

^  ,  V.     And  iu  this  toast  I  Ll^.  ...-.:.au 

the  xuiuie  of  our  worthy  host,  Mr.  FrasaptOi^ 


I 


THE  DOOM  OF  ENGLISH  WIIXS. 


203 


iip-f^tairB,  and  to  ohiisteo  aud  deaominate 
thb  bouse  iu  futura  aa  the  Sign  o'  the  Jolly 

y^^\  we  m]d — ^knowin^  how  twefully  the 
on.  '  '    r  the  highway,  and  the  re- 

Dii  oDstable,  were  employed^  at 

thi*  uTiiL — tfccn  weadd^that  these  immlti^ted 
msetla  got  safely  off  with  tlieir  plunder  T 

THE  DOOM  OF  ENGLISH  WILLS. 

CATBBDRAL  NUMBER  FOUR. 

Ax  antiquAiy  o&mioi  approach  the  city  of 
Che«t«r  from  London,  even  in  an  express  rail- 
way train,  without  emotions  more  lively  than 
that  claw  of  observers  generally  have  credit 
for.  Despite  a  sensation  akin  to  that  of  being 
fii'ed  off  in  a  rocket,  and  a  pardonable  fancy 
that  the  hedges  are  endless  bands  of  green 
J.JI,)    ..  :.     .  .„ .  I  „.  ,t4^^^  ^i^  jjig  houses,  and 

c^>  imd.  trees,  and  vUlageg, 

06  i...  T    ,.v,  V  I ^    .,    ^unfines  of  the  carriage 

window,  are  huge  niiaailea  shot  aisroaB  fieida 
which  iuv  flubjected  to  a  rapid  diapensation  of 
diatoried  perspective ;  y«t  theae  niighty  evi- 
dences of  the  Present  do  not  dull  hla  mmd  to 
the  Past,  fie  remembers,  with  wonder,  that 
two  thousand  jearB  ago,  it  was  over  this 
identical  line  of  country  that  the  l^ona  of 
Suetoniua  lagged  along  ai'ter  they  had  olunted 
tbo  acythes  of  Boadiceaf  routed  her  hordes^ 
and  driven  her  to  suicide.  Nor,  when  his 
proptileion  per  st-eam  is  ended  at  a  station  to 
which  five  ii'on  *"  lines  "  converge,  does  he  fail 
to  recaJ  the  curious  coincidence  that  he  stands 
an  the  ancient  meeting-place  of  the  five  great 
Kerctan  roads,  cut  by  tno^e  Stephensons  and 
Bnmels  of  old — Suetonios  and  Agricola. 
Though  he  is  not  slow  to  recognise  the  utter 
modeniDeas  of  the  booking-offices,  the  refresh- 
metit-roomsj  the  omiii  buses,  the  mackintoshes, 
and  of  ever>'  other  object  that  meets  his  gaze  ; 
vet  the  nwtul  retro«pection  poasesaes  him  that 
lie  moves  within  the  pi-edncta  of  the  most 
Important  fortiiied  camp  in  Britain,  aixl  he 
abno«(t  feels  himself  a  Human  in  spite  of  his 
hat 

We  will  not  sav  that  our  own  fellow  of  the 
Society  of  A  Mr.  William  WitUace, 

retrojeeted  i  ation  so  far  into  the 

Wfcat  while  croafiing  the  Chester  platform  with 
his  cari>et-ba4,',  because  we  asce  led  to  believe, 
from  his  report  to  us,  that  his  views  were 
immediately  directed  to  the  more  modem 
time«  of  9t.  Werburgh,  who  foun^l ^ ^  '  ^  '^  '^^^By 
of  Chester  (once  the  moet  splendid  i  / ; 

setnrit/  tlt-it  it  is  in  fli-^  «till-«tan.ii;,^  ^s,,,  A;iy 
<»1  hment,  that  the  objects 

ot  ial  solicitude  are  now, 

and  aiwaya  have  lieeu  deposited,  since  Henry 
the  Eighth  erected  Cheater  into  a  diooeae. 

Hia  hopes  of  success  in  iiedcing  out  cer- 
tain &cts  :^m  the  testamentary  records 
of  this  set,  were  more  slender  tliaEn  they 
had  been  while  entering  upon  has  errand 
at  the  other  three  eathedrab.  He  had 
written  to  the  bishop  for  that  permuaion  to 


search  which  hail  been  by  other  prelates  sf) 
readily  granted,  but  which  had  been  rendered 
by  the  reapective  Begi^trars  so  utteriy 
nugatory.  an*1  bad  received  no  answer. 
Awkward  :  loea  of  the  state  of  this 

Registry,   n  [   before  the  laat   Par- 

liamentary i  oiuiiiitiv^e  on  the  £c(deatastical 
Conrts,  ff'll  like  a  dnik  shadow  over  his 
hi^pes.  Up  to  the  year  1S32,  the  gateway 
where  the  wilU  are  kept  wns,  upon  the 
Deputy  Registrar^'s  own  -li.wii.,.  neither 
"fire-proof,  sufficiently  bij  ely 

free  from  plunder."     I'he  ^  \r«a 

a  part  of  the  gateway ;  and  w;is  hh  luadequats 
as  other  searching  offices.  The  Chief  Ks* 
gistnu*  in  1837  was  a  sinecunst  in  the 
m(fetUi0th  year  of  offixje,  and  was  verging 
towards  the  hundredth  of  his  age ;  having 
received,  in  his  time,  not  1«8  than  three 
huntlred  and  fifty  thouBand  pounds  of  the 
public  money  for  doing  nothmg.  The  fiMI 
for  searchee  and  extracts  were  heavy,  and  no* 
body  was  allowed,  as  in  most  other  BegistiieSi 
to  see  how  the  wills  were  kept. 

Such  were  the  gloctmy  prepossessions  of 
Mr.  William  Wallace,  as  he  approached  the 
archway  which  held  the  testamentary 
treasurea  of  Diocese  Number  Four.  He  sought 
the  searching  office  in  vain,  and  at  lexigth  ww 
&in  to  address  himself  to  the  first  passenger 
— a  burly  blacksmith — ^who,  at  onoe,  in 
answer  to  bis  innniry,  pointed  to  a  handsome 
new  atone  buUtliAff,  that  stood  within  the 
Abbey  Square.  Was  the  blacksmith  sure 
that  that  spacious  edifice,  which  looked  like 
a  substantial  Bank  or  a  commcdious  Sessioss 
House,  was  the  Will  Office  ? — ^Quite  s«re. 

Mr.  William  Wallaoe  aaoeode<l  the  steps 
doubtingly  ;  and  when  lie  tonnd  himself  m 
the  wide  passage  of  aa  evidently  weU-planned 
public  office— so  contrary  was  the  whole 
aspect  of  the  place  to  his  preconoeptions  of  it, 
and  to  his  previous  experience  of  other 
eccleeia^cal  Begistnee^-that  he  would  have 
retired,  bad  not  the  words,  '^  Searching 
Office,"  as  plain  as  paint  and  c^itals  could 
make  them,  stared  him  fuU  in  the  face  from  a 
door  on  his  right.  This  he  boldly  opened,  and 
beheld  a  hmndseme  apartment,'  so  mounted 
with  dedcs,  counters,  and  every  appurtonanoe 
fur  public  convetueaoe,  as  to  ptit  huu  in  mind 
of  the  interior  of  a  flourisliiiu::  assurance 
office,  "  The  room,"  says  Mr.  \\'illiam  Wal- 
lace, in  his  report  to  us,  "*  is  funiisbed  with  a 

counterof  ample  size,    '* ^'   :r  round  it,  on 

which  jroa  examine  f  -.     On  calling 

for  one  or  two  mui  ...  .  ^,  the  clerks 
hrouj*ht  me  a  substantial,  well- bound  lx*ok, 
in  which  he  informed  me  all  modem  wills 
have  been,  since  the  appointment  of  the  pre* 
sent  Registrar,  enrolled  at  length,  in  a  round 
text,  so  distinct  and  plain,  that  illiterate  per- 
sons might  read  them  ;  and  not  engrossed,  so 
as  to  become  a  source  of  revenue,  as  at  Doc- 
tor's Commons,  where  the  unlearned,  in  what 
is  called  *  court-haiid»*  are  obliged  to  call  in 
the  aid  of  a  clerk,  and  disburse  a  fee  for  the 


204 


HOUSEHOLD  WOEBSw 


lC<«aduCt«4tf 


wills  to  be  read  to  thcra.  I  vruA  informed 
tbat  I  could  see  the  originals  an  giving  a 
aatiafaclory  reason  to  the  Regisirar,  or,  in  hia 
abeence,  to  a  pnucij>al  clerk.  So  promptly  la 
business  done  here,  tliat  1  foana  the  willn 
which  hful  t»een  received  from  Manchester 
and  otiiei-  phices  that  day,  had  been  abend v 
indexed — very  diiferent  to  York,  where  wilf>* 
are  w»nietin>ea  not  indexed  for  six  or  eight 
moil th^f  and)  consequently,  oflen  not  lU  all.  1 
next  inquired  for  aonie  earher  wills,  and 
stated  that  1  might  probably  want  to  hare 
two  or  three  davH  research,  for  a  literary  pur- 
pose^ On  heAring  this,  the  clerk  iuforraed  me 
that  the  Registnir  mode  no  charj^e  under 
ituch  circumstances?,  except  f«»r  the  clerks' 
time.  I  then  called  for  about  aix  early  wills, 
and  only  one  of  the  aix  could  not  be  found, 
Allerw,'U"d9  I  asked  for  the  i*eturna  of  several 
Pariah  Hegiisters ;  each  set  of  which  are 
well  and  substantially  bound  in  a  se|iarate 
volume  ;  for  this  a  fee  of  three  shillinga  mid 
eight-peuee  L*  demanded  ;  at  York,  for  the 
production  of  a  similar  (|uantity  of  records, 
hfteen  pounds  is  the  price,  without  clerks* 
fees  ;  and  at  LiniN>ln  it  would  l>e  inipoHKible 
to  collect  them  at  ail,  many  having  been  used 
to  bind  up  uvxlern  wills,  and  for  other  such 
purposes/* 

Mr.  William  Wtdlnce,  pleaaingly  surjnised 
at  the  ooutrast  thia  R^istry  Number  Four, 
pi^scnted  to  Cfihera  be  nad  visited  and  where 
nc  had  been  so  egregioualy  snubbed,  detennined 
to  leurti  and  see  hb  much  res}>ecting  it  as 
poet»lble.  With  thiK  view,  be  applied,  without 
any  other  introduction  than  his  cai"d,  to  the 
Remstrar  ;  whose  excellent  eutitom  it  wa^s,  he 
undei'stood,  to  be  in  attendance  daily  for 
several  hotirs.  At  that  time  he  was  e.\amliiing 
witnesses  in  a  case  for  the  Eccleaiasticid  Court, 
and  banded  the  card  to  the  bishop  s  secretarj', 
who  was  also  in  official  attendanee.  *'  That 
gentleman,"  savs  Mr.  Wallace,  "immediately 
came  down,  and  informed  me  that  the  Bialiop 
had  written  to  me,  in  iinswer  to  my  applica- 
tion, two  days  l>efore,  giving  me  pel-mission 
to  seruxrh,  at  reasonable  hours,  and  that  the 
ItegistitU",  as  was  his  usual  custuui,  luid  not 
the  slightest  objection.  1  then  jisked  to  be 
shown  the  v&iious  parts  of  the  building,  the 
modes  of  preserving  the  records,  which  re- 
qvjest  was  granted  without  the  amidlest 
LtMitation,^^ 

Our  informant  then  goes  on  to  say  that  he 
fouuil  the  building — wliich  was  raiseti  solely 
at  the  expense  of  the  present  Registrar, 
smce  his  appointment  in  1837 — conveniently 
dividwl  into  different  departments  like  the 
best  of  the  Government  offices, — each  defmri- 
ment  legibly  intUcAted  for  the  l>enetit  of  the 
inquirer,  on  the  different  doors. 

On  the  first-floor  are  the  private  offices  of 
the  Registrar,  of  the  bishop's  secretary,  and  of 
othrrotticials  usaidly  connected  with  theBe- 
giatry.  That  story  is  however  chiefly  occupied 
by  aspacioufi  room  for  the  examination  of  wit- 


nesses. Bf!> 
em  plover  I  i 
patience  \^ 
rudtneas  a^i 
Mt  (he  othft  Mil 
The  m/umer 
8erve<l   at   this 


pals 


thirteen  clerks  ario 

vv}u>^^  cji'tiitv  and 

't   the 

iced 


pre- 
•■•■""'  -'  ..a...,.*.  i,,.Ui-.  is 
sijoken  of  by  our  friend  %»ith  satisfBction. 
His  report  to  us  is  silent  on  rata,  wet,  mildew^ 
smoke,  broken  windows,  toi-n  testaments,  and 
illegible  calendara,  *' Modern  wills,"  ho 
repeats,  **  are  copied  at  length  into  vohimea, 
by  the  present  Registrar,  a  practice  which  I 
regi'et  is  not  adopted  at  York,  lincohi,  lich- 
field,  Winchester,  and  otlier  lUaces  I  have 
visited.  If  wills  of  an  earlier  aate  thAji  that 
of  the  eiuTklmeiit  lx»ok.^  ai*e  required  to  be 
t'iken  out  of  the  olRce  for  jM\>diictiou  in  any 
Court,  of  I>aw,  hc^  an  examined  copy  nude 
for  the  purpose^  is  deposited  in  its  place 
during  its  tempoi-ary  removal  from  the 
Registry.  The  principal  portion  of  the  wills 
are  deposited  in  a  dry*  but  not  a  lire-proof 
builcUug,  in  good  repair^  called  the  Ajil>ej 
Gateway  ;  where,  dunng  the  office  hours,  two 
clerks  are  constantly  kept  at  work  in  copying 
wills  that  come  in.  These  are  kept  in  boxes, 
arranged  upon  shelves  with  just  sutHctcnt 
sTjace  to  admit  them,  like  drawej-s  ;  an«l  ujxm 
the  top  of  th*  wills  Is  a  sheet  of  postebojird 
btting  the  box,  as  a  further  prutectiun  from 
dust.  Tlie  wills  are  alphabetn'^lly  amUDged 
in  the  Iwxes,  which  are  of  umferm  dfie,  and 
contain  more  or  leas  letters ;  the  lirst  box  for 
1 8.35,  for  instance,  contains  the  wills  of  t*»- 
tatoi-8  whose  names  commence  with  A*  or  B, 
The  wills  of  each  letter  are  placed  separately, 
and  aredivitled  into  packets  of  one  mouth 
CAch,  80  that  the  exact  date  of  Prolwite  being 
knowij,  the  will  is  found  immedfiitely,  Tht? 
wills  are  not  roller!  up  as  was  formerly  ibd 
case,  but  are  kept  flat,  those  on  brief  pajjer 
being  only  once  more  folded  in  the  centre,  so 
as  to  form  a  foolscap  sheet.  I  think  the  plaii 
well  calculated  to  secure  preservation  for  any 
len^h  of  time. — The  Regbtrar  r»erlorras  the 
duties  of  his  office  in  person — ^tne  income  of 
which,  as  stated  in  the  "Times'  i«  nbont  ten 
thuiisand  a-year, — and  attends  i 

In  this  case  the  Registrar-in-t  >wn 

deputy,  and  although  his  incoriMv  iw  huge — * 
even  after  the  great  expense  it  has  Iwen  his 
duty  to  incur,  lor  suitable  pnbli  —  -  -indx- 
tit/n,  and  the  loss  he  has  volunt  ued 

by  reducing  the  fees — ^yet  it  i^..-,  i^L  be 
wholly  grudgeil  to  a  gentleman  who  Adfila 
his  office  with  assifluity. 

Before  the  period  of  its  renovation,  the 
Registry  of  Chester  was  as  inefficient  and 
exacting  as  the  other  tlu"ee  we  have  described. 
To  whom  the  merit  of  the  change  ond  the 
contrast  h  really  due,  is  not  easily  to  l>e  ascer- 
tained, although  the  present  incumbent  of  the 
office  must  necessarily  have  the  largest  shar© 
of  credit  for  it.  W©  suspect,  liowever,  that- 
tho  proxim.ite  impetus  of  the  reform  can  be 
traced  to  the  geographical  position  of   the 


IHch«n.l 


THE  WELL  OF  PEN-MORFA, 


iOft 


•e«.  It  includes  the  busieat  of  tUe  manufuc- 
turiii;2f  towna*  and  the  moat  business-Uke, 
practicid,  and  liiird-handed  examples  of  tlie 
£DglmIi  chanucter.  The  thorou|rh-going  Maii- 
f«iie«teror  Liverpool  lecatce  would  not  endure, 
l)evon«I  a  oertain  point  and  a  certain  time,  the 
i  I  ,  delays,  destmctioDA,  and  muddling 

r  r  the  will  ofiices  in  the  more  easv- 

fioiug  diiitrict*.  Time  with  him  is  cash. 
Wluc  he  wants  he  must  have  at  once, 
cstieciatly  it'  he  jvivs  for  it.  He  may  bo  jput 
off  ODce  or  twice  with  a  rotten,  ill^iljle 
index,  or  a  "  Come  again  t^-morrow  ;  *' 
but  when  he  once  Bee«  that  these  may  be 
obvitttetl,  he  takes  care  to  let  there  l)e  no 
delay  on  his  P^  <"id  agitates  immediately. 
T<»  eip^'vjr-  li  Free  Trade  Hall,  and  get  up  a 
J  is  with  him  a  matter  of  no 

II :  i  in  than  scolding  hi»  clerk,  or 

briuifing  a  creditor  to  book.  He  has  discre- 
ditea  the  maxim  that  "  talking  is  not  doing  ;" 
Mid  a  conKtant  iteration  of  pertinent  speeches, 
emiiJig  with  8ti Hiring  "' re^mtions^*'  has  been 
found  to  rfo  ijreMer  feat^,  to  perform  much 
greater  wnndera  than  setting  eccleaiiistical 
registries  in  onler.  It  is  jXMtsible,  therefore, 
that  the  I.hv  authoritit-s  or  the  Chester  B«- 
gistry,  having  the  dread  of  an  uncom- 
]>roinising  community  ttefore  their  eyea,  saw 
their  safety  in  renovation  ;  and,  like  senaible 
men,  made  it,  without  that  whining  sophistica- 
tion, that  grim  tenacity,  with  wiiidi  abuses 
are  excus^eti  and  clung  to,  in  exact  propor- 
tion to  their  absurdity,  proiitableness,  and 
uijuBtice. 

THE  DLTMB  CHILD. 

8hx  19  my  only  girl ; 
I  aak'd  for  her  as  some  most  predouB  thing, 
For  oil  unfinifih'd  waa  Lqto  a  jowoU'd  ring, 

Till  t»ct  with  this  soft  peart ; 
Tha  shade  that  Time  brought  forth  I  coidd  not  see; 
How  pure,  how  perfect  seem'd  the  gift  to  mo ! 

Oh,  many  a  soft  old  tune 
I  naed  to  nng  unto  that  dcaden'd  ear. 
And  flnffer'd  not  the  lightc«t  footstep  near, 

Letit  aUe  mip^ht  wake  too  soon  ; 
And  hushed  her  brothens*  liamghter  while  she  lay — 
Ah,  noedlcsa  care  !     I  might  have  let  them  play  1 

'Tw      ]  ,.  IbolieTcd 

That  this  ui  might  not  speak  to  me ; 

Waited  und  ',... ^od  knows  how  patiently  ! 

How  M'llimgly  deceived : 
Vain  Love  was  long  the  untiring  nunie  of  Faith, 
And  tended  Mope  until  it  starred  to  deatli. 


"Oh!  if  she  could  but 

For  (me  short  hour,  till  I  her  tongue  might  teach 
To  call  me  mofArr,  in  the  broken  spoedi 

That  thrills  the  mother's  Cftf  ! 
Aloft  !  tho6e  Bcal'd  lips  never  may  be  stirr'd 
To  the  dcmp  music  of  tliat  loToly  word. 

My  heart  it  Boncly  tries 
To  W6  her  kneel,  with  f^vicli  a  reverent  air, 
Beside  her  brother?  at  tlicar  evening  prayer ; 

Or  lift  tho^e  eanicat  eyes 
To  watch  our  hjw,  m  though  our  words  she  knew,— 
Then  moves  her  own,  as  she  were  speaking  too. 


I  Ve  watchM  her  looking  up 
To  the  bright  wonder  of  a  sunset  sky, 
With  such  a  depth  of  mc^ming  in  her  eye. 

That  I  could  almost  hope 
The  struggling  ecu  I  would  bur^  its  bin  din  |{  cord^ 
And  the  long  pentriip  thoughts  flow  forth  in  worda 

The  fiong  of  binl  and  bee, 
Tbo  chorus  of  the  breeioa.  strenmi).  and  groves, 
All  the  gmnd  mvisic  \o  which  Natuni  move*. 

Are  wasted  melody 
To  her ;  the  world  of  mxind  a  timclces  void  ; 
^yhlle  even  Silence  hath  its  charm  destroyed. 

Her  fiico  is  very  fair ; 
Her  blue  eye  be^utifid  :  of  finest  mould 
The  soft  white  brow,  o'er  which,  in  waves  of  gold. 

Ripples  her  whinii^  hair. 
Alls  !  this  lovely  temple  dosed  must  be. 
For  He  who  made  it  keeps  the  mostsivkey. 

Wills  Re  the  mind  within 
Should  from  earth's  Babel-clamour  be  kept  fi^t% 
E'en  that  Hit  still  ^niall  voice  nnd  step  might  be 

Heard  at  its  tuner  shrine* 
Through  thftt  deep  hitfth  of  soul,  with  clearer  thrill 
Then  should  I  grieve  ? — 0  mm'muriug  heart  be  «tiU 

She  Boems  to  have  a  ieii«e 
Of  quiet  gladness  in  her  noiseless  play. 
She  hath  a  pleoaant  smile,  a  gentle  wuy, 

Whose  voiceless  eloquence 
Touches  all  hoarta,  though  I  had  once  the  fear 
That  even  hcr/aiker  woidd  not  care  for  her. 

Thank  God  it  is  not  so  ! 
And  when  hia  sons  are  playing  merrily, 
She  comes  and  loons  her  head  upon  his  knee. 

Oh  !  At  such  times  I  know- — 
By  his  full  eye  and  tonus  subdued  and  mild'— 
How  his  heart  ycfti-ns  over  his  sdcnt  child, 

Not  of  all  gifts  bereft, 
Even  now.     How  could  1  jay  abo  did  not  spebk 
What  real  kngusgo  lights  her  eye  and  clieck, 

And  renders  thanks  to  Uiin  who  left 
Unto  her  soul  yet  open  avenues 
For  joy  to  enter,  and  for  lovn  to  use. 

And  Ood  in  love  doth  give 
To  her  defect  a  beauty  of  its  own. 
And  we  a  deeper  tendemces  have  known 

Through  that  for  which  we  grieve. 
Yet  shall  the  seal  be  melted  from  hor  eavt, 
Yeft,  and  my  voice  shall  iUl  it— hut  mt  i*crt. 

When  that  new  sense  is  given. 
What  rapture  will  its  first  exporicuee  be, 
That  never  woke  to  meaner  ntclody, 

Than  the  rich  songs  of  heaven, — 
To  hear  the  fuU-toued  anthem  swelling  round* 
^Vliile  angels  teach  tha  ecstasies  of  sound  I 


THE  WELL  OF  PEN^MORFA. 

IS  TWO  caAPTKRS, — CHAITER  11. 

Nest  nj^Hved  during  the  waito  Bummer 
weather.  Edward  came  to  see  her,  and  stayed 
the  allotte<i  quaiter  of  an  hour  ;  but  he  dared 
not  look  her  in  the  face.  She  wns  indeed  a> 
cripple :  one  \^  was  much  ihorter  than  the 
other,  and  she  halteil  on  a  cnitch.  Her  face- 
formerly  so  brilliant  in  colour,  wa^  wan  and 
pale  with  suffering ;  the  bright  rosea  were 
gooej  never  to  return.    Her  large  eyes  wer« 


^ 


sunk  deep  Jown  in  their  hollow,  «ivemouft 
sockets  ;  but  the  lij^Iit  was  in  them  atiU* 
when  Edwjvrd  came  Her  mother  dreadod 
her  returuirig  strength — drefttleil,  yet  desit'o<l 
it ;  for  the  jieiivy  biir*k*n  of  her  secret  was 
most  oifjuesaivt?  at  times,  and  she  thought 
Edvvani  wjia  bcgitiiiing  to  weciry  of  hia  crvfonx-tl 
atttinti*.'ri8.  Oii»?  Oot<>li>€r  evening  slie  told 
her  the  truth.  She  eren  conij»elled  h^r  rebel- 
lious heart  to  take  the  cold,  reA«onin^'  aide  of 
th(*  miestion  ;  and  she  told  her  child  that  her 
d  ded  franie  wna  a  disqualification  for  ever 
becoming  a  farmer's  wife.  She  spoke  hardh*, 
because  her  inner  a^ony  and  sympathy  was 
8uch«  slie  dari3d  not  trust  herstdf  to  express 
tho  feelings  that  were  rending  her.  But 
Neet  turned  away  from  cold  reason  ;  she 
revolted  from  her  mother  ;  she  rerolted  from 
the  world.  She  bound  her  sorrow  tight  up 
in  her  brexurt;,  to  corrode  and  fester  there. 

Night  after  night,  her  mother  heard  her 
cries  and  moans — more  pitiful,  by  far,  than 
those  wrung  from  her  by  tiodily  pain  a  year 
before  ;  and,  night  after  night,  if  her  mother 
gpokc*  to  soothe,  she  proudly  deitied  the  exist- 
ence of  any  piun  but  what  was  physical,  and 
consequent  upon  her  accident, 

'*  If  pIio  would  but  Mf^Ksn  her  sore  heart  to 
mo-^to  me,  her  mother/'  Eleanor  wftile^i 
forth  in  pi*ayer  to  God,  •'  I  woulil  be  content. 
Once  it  was  enough  to  have  my  Nest  all  my 
own.  Then  came  love,  and  I  knew  it  would 
never  he  lis  bdbre ;  &nd  then  I  thought  the 
grief  I  felt,  when  Edwaid  spoke  to  me,  was 
as  shai^  a  sorrow  as  could  l>e  ;  but  this  pre- 
sent gnef,  Oh  Lord,  my  God,  is  worst  of  all ; 
and  Thou  only.  Thou,  canst  help  !  " 

When  Nest  grew  as  strong  as  she  waa  ever 
likely  to  he  on  eAi'th,  she  wa»  atudous  to  have 
as  much  labour  as  she  could  bear.  She  would 
not  allow  hor  mother  to  spare  her  anythtag. 
Hai-^l  work — bociily  fatigue — she  seemed  to 
crave.  She  was  glad  when  she  was  stunned 
by  exhaustion  into  a  dull  insensibility  of  feel- 
ing. She  was  almost  fierce  when  her  mother, 
in  those  first  months  of  convaleacence,  per- 
formed the  hoQsebold  tasks  which  had  for- 
merly been  her^ ;  but  she  shrank  from  going 
out  of  doors.  Her  mother  thought  that  she 
was  unwilling  to  exfiose  her  changed  appeal"^ 
atice  to  the  ndghbours"  remarks ;  but  Nest 
wa0  not  afraid  of  that:  she  was  afi'aid  of 
their  pity,  aa  being  one  deserted  and  cast  of. 
K  Ele;aior  gave  way  l»efore  her  daughter's 
imi>eriuui5nes8,  and  sat  by  while  Neat  ^  tore  *' 
about  her  work  with  the  vehemence  of  a 
hitter  heart,  Eleanor  could  have  cried,  but 
she  durst  not ;  teai^  or  any  mark  of  commi- 
seration, irntated  the  crippled  girl  so  much, 
she  even  drew  away  from  caresses.  Every- 
ihino^  was  to  jejo  on  as  it  had  been  before  slie 
had  known  Edward ;  and  so  it  did,  outwardly ; 
but  they  trod  carefully,  as  if  the  ground  on 
which  they  moved  was  hollow-— deceptive. 
Tliere  was  no  more  careless  ease  ;  ©verj^  woi-d 
was  goarded,  and  everv  action  planned.  It 
waa  a  dreary  life  to  Wh.    Once,  Eleanor 


brought  in  a  little  baby,  a  i  <:luU, 

to  try  and  Umipi  Ne»t  out  *  ,v  hor 

old  love  of  children.    Nejit's  \vi\»  d 

its  »he  saw  the  innocent  child  in  b  r  a 

arms  ;  and,  for  a  moment,  slie  made  j**  it  »he 
would  liJive  iakon  it  ;  liut  th*'fi    sh#»   tiu-ued 

aw:-  ■   ■      '   ■  '         ■  ,,„^  jgj^ 


mu 

in  lii >  I'lvi'i.p'^,  «iiiii)  >  .!i 
minute  she  arose,  with 
eue<l    lips,   and   w<^ii( 


i  to  lie 

111.  a 

,.1    :.:   Ut- 

'  Md 

work,  without  hes  ly 

fi^ain,  till    Mrs.   '  \  ;      Lio 

tfiilore  of  her  little  pUti,  toirk  it  back  to  its 
parents. 

One  day  the  news  ran  tJirongh  Pen-Korlk 
that  Edward  Williams  waa  alMjut  to  be  mai^ 
lied.  £le«uior  had  long  expecte<l  this  intulii- 
It  came  upon  her  like  no  new  thing  ; 


but  it  was  the  fiuing-np  of  her  '  "       *e. 

She  could  not  tt-ll  Nest.     She  sat  u 

the  hiMistt,  and  <JLreaded  that  eacL  r 

who  came  in  would  speak  aborit  15 

news.    At  last,  some  one  di  L  1 

round  from  her  employm*?i  f 

the  event  with  a  kind  of  ch*  •  is 

to  the  parti cularSj  which  msuU  ii<  it 

go  away,  and  tell  others  that  Ne.vr  1 9 

ujft  off  caring  for  Eilward  WilhiUiii  But 
when  the  dfx>r  was  shut,  and  Eleanor  and 
she  were  left  alone,  Nest  came  and  stood 
before  her  weeping  mother  like  a  Bteni 
accuser, 

*' Mother,  why  did  not  you  let  me  diet 
T\Tiy  did  you  keep  me  alive  for  tlwal** 
Eleanor  could  not  soeak,  but  she  put  her  arms 
out  to  wail  is  her  ghrL  NcBt  turned  away,  and 
Eleanor  cried  aloud  in  her  soreness  of  spirit. 
Nest  came  again. 

**  brother,  I  was  wron^.  7otl  did  rwr 
best.  I  don't  know  how  it  is  I  am  so  Lartl 
and  cold.  I  wish  I  had  died  when  I  was  4 
girl,  and  had  a  feeling  heart." 

"  Don*t  speak  so,  my  chilA,  Ood  has 
afflicted  vou  sore,  and  your  hanlne.%  of  heart 
is  but  ^or  a  time.  Wait  a  little,  I)on*t 
reproach  yourself^  my  poor  Nest.  I  under- 
stand your  ways.  I  don't  mind  them.  love. 
The  feeling  heart  wiU  come  back  to  vf»u  in 
tim^  Anj-ways,  don't  think  you  're  grienng 
me,  because,  love,  that  may  i^ting  you  when 
I  'm  gone ;  and  I  'm  not  grieved,  my  darling. 
Most  times  we  're  very  cheei-fid,  I  think." 

After  this,  mother  'atul  cihild  were  drawn 
more  together.  But  Ekauor  had  received 
her  death  from  these  sorrowfid,  huming 
events.  She  did  not  conoe^d  the  truth  from 
herself;  nor  did  she  pray  to  live,  as  some 
months  ago  she  had  done,  for  her  child's  sake ; 
she  had  found  out  that  she  had  no  power  to 
console  the  poor  wounded  heart.  It  Fccmed 
to  her  ^8  if  her  prayers  bad  been 
and  then  she  blamed  herself  for  • 

There  are  nmny  Methodist  |^re  j 
part  of  Walca.     There  was  a  eert 
named    David    Hoghes,  who   w; 
pecidiar  reverence  becanae  he  had  known  the 


THE  WELL  OF  PEN-MOEF.^. 


207 


gre&t  John  Wfaley*  He  had  been  capUnin  of 
A  Caernarvon  slate-vessel  ;  h*?  hiul  traded  in 
tho  Sreditcrmnetui*  and  Imd  seun  straii«* 
sig^hts.  In  thm^i  eai'ly  Javs  (to  us«  Ids  own 
I  V)  belmdliveii  \'    '         '      ' 

\'  I.  he  went  to 

ftiri      -  r-     eunvenbti    h\     .,, 
paitri.arch,   nnd    rernsiiue*!    to 
v'l^riU   li,-'   becfimo   one  of  thv       i  ...  ,  ^  ^. 
>.:<  imch-ftbused     band     of    itinenuit 

p!  who   went  forth   wnder  Wealey*8 

aii:t^.tiic>ti  to  spread  abroAd  a  more  earnest  and 
jxraetical  spirit  of  rtdigiou.  His  ramUes  and 
tntvels  were  of  use  to  him.  They  extended 
bi»  knowrledrre  of  the  circumatiaicea  iu  which 
m  '       K  and  enlarged  bia 

w  Old  tempted.     Hia 

t^  v^iih    the    thoughtful 

•ore    yeara,  mada   him 
A'  the  strange  secrets  of 
!  ;    and    when    younger    preachers 

11-  the   h.'iiHi  hearts  they  met  with« 

and  deeudred  of  the  aumeiv,  he  ^'HuBered 
long,  antl  was  kind."' 

When  Eleftuar  Gwynn  lay  low  on  h<a* 
death-Wl,  Da\'id  Hughes  came  to  Pen-MorfiiL 
He  knew  her  hktory,  and  sought  her  out. 
To  him  ehe  imparted  the  feelmga  I  have 
deseribed. 

'•  I  ha\'e  lost  my  laitli,  David.  The  tempter 
has  come,  and  I  have  yielded.  I  doubt  if  my 
pmyera  Lave  been  heard.  Day  and  night 
have  I  jkraye^i  that  I  might  comfort  my  child 
in  ber  threat  sorrow  ;  but  Gml  has  not  heanl 
me.  Sl^he  has  turned  away  from  me^  and 
Tefiwed  my  T>oor  love.  I  wiah  to  die  now ; 
but  I  have  lost  my  faith^  and  have  no  more 
i>l»asure  in  the  thought  of  going  to  God. 
^  Wliat  must  I  do,  Daviri  ] '' 

She  hnng  upon  his  answer;  and  it  was 
long  in  coming. 

*'I  am  weaiy  of  eaith,''  said  she,  mourn* 
fiilly,  "and  can  I  find  rest  in  death  even^ 
leavingmy  child  desolate  and  broken-hearteil  ?  *' 

"  Eleanor,"  said  David,  "  where  you  go,  all 
tilings  will  be  made  clear  ;  and  you  will  learn 
to  thank  God  for  the  end  of  what  now  geema 
CTievoiia  and  heayy  to  be  borne.  Do  you 
think  your  agony  has  been  greater  than 
tbe  awiul  agony  in  the  Gardea — or  youi- 
pmyerB  more  earnest  than  that  which  He 
opayed  in  that  hour  when  the  greAt  drojje  of 
blood  ran  down  hia  face  like  mveat  i  We 
know  that  God  heard  Him^  although  no 
anawer  came  to  Him  through  the  dread 
etlence  of  that  night.  God's  timea  are  not 
our  times.  I  have  lived  eigh^-  and  one  years, 
and  never  yet  have  I  known  an  earnest  iwayer 
fall  to  the  ground  unheeiJed.  In  an  unknown 
way,  and  whetn  no  one  hxjked  for  it,  may  be^ 
the  answer  came ;  a  fiiller,  more  satisfying 
auiBwer  than  heart  could  conceive  of,  although 
it  might  be  dill'ercut  to  what  was  expected. 
Sister.  ^  ■  "  "•  -  u'oLng  wher-'  '^^  ^^-^  lignt  yon 
will  .s                  you  wiU  '^  that  in 

▼eiy  i.j    : — ..,ci  he  hus  aill .  ,.  ...i  I  " 

*'  Gp  on — ^you  su^ngtheu  me,'  said  she. 


Ai^er  David  Hughes  left  that  day,  Eleanor 
was  calm  a^  one  olrewly  dead,  and  pa^t  mortal 
strife.  Nc'jst  was  awed  by  the  ehange.  No 
more  piidsionate  weeping — no  more  sorrow  in 
the  voice ;  though  it  waa  low  and  weak,  it 
s«>unded  with  a  arweet  coitiposare.  Her  last 
1»  -k  was  a  smile  ;  ber  last  word  a  blessing. 

Xest,  teai'lesSy  streeked  the  poor  worn 
LioJj,  She  Laid  a  plate  wlMi  tcilf  nimn  it  on 
the  breast,  and  lighted  head 

and  feet.     It  waA  an  old  ;.  but 

when  Da\'id  Hughes  came  in,  ihti  sight 
carried  him  back  to  the  time  when  he  had 
seen  the  chapels  in  some  old  Catholic  cathe- 
dral. Nest  sat  gaetng  on  the  deivd  ^nth  dry, 
hot  eyes, 

'^  She  is  deadf"  said  David,  solemnly,  "  she 
died  in  Christ  Let  ua  bless  Goil,  my  child. 
He  giveth  and  He  taketh  away  I  " 

"  she  is  dead,''  snid  Nest*  "  my  mother  is 
dead.    No  one  l')ve8  me  now." 

She  spoke  as  if  she  were  thinking  aloud, 
for  she  aid  not  look  «t  David,  or  ask  him  to 
be  seated. 

"  No  one  loves  you  now  ?  No  human 
creature,  you  mean.  You  are  m)t  yet  &t  to 
be  spoken  to  concerning  God's  in£nite  love. 
I,  like  you,  will  speak  of  love  for  human 
creatni'ea.  I  tell  you,  if  no  one  loves  you,  it 
is  time  for  you  to  begin  to  love.'*  He  spoke 
almost  sevei-ely  (if  David  Hughes  ever  did) ; 
for,  to  tell  the  truth,  he  was  repelled  by  her 
hard  reiectiou  of  her  mothers  tendernees, 
about  wnieh  the  neighb^jurs  had  told  him. 

"  Begin  to  love  !  "  said  she,  her  eyes  Aa^- 
ing.  *'  Have  I  not  loveil  1  Old  man,  you  are 
dim  and  worn-out  You  do  not  reineml»er 
what  love  is."  She  spoke  with  a  ecomfui 
kind  of  pit™g  enduranoe.  "I  will  tell  you 
how  I  have  loved,  by  telling  you  the  change 
it  has  wrought  in  me.  I  was  once  the  beau- 
tifid  Neat  Gwynn  ;  I  am  now  a  cripple,  a 
poor,  wan-fa£ed  cripple,  old  b^bre  my  time. 
That  is  a  cluange  ;  at  least  people  think  so.'* 
She  paused,  ajid  then  spoke  lower.  ''I  tell 
you,  David  Hughes,  that  outward  change  is 
as  nothing  compared  to  the  change  in  my 
nature  caused  by  the  love  I  have  f*dt— and 
have  had  i-ejected.  I  was  gentle  once,  and  U 
you  spoke  a  tender  wortL,  my  heart  came 
towaros  you  as  natural  as  a  little  '  '  '  ^ 
to  its  mammy.    I  never  spoke  t<>'-i  i 

to  the  dumb  ci-eaturea,  for  I  hn-^  ..  -— 1 
feeling  for  ^'Jl,  Of  late  (since  1  Inve^ii,  old 
man).  I  have  been  cruel  in  my  thoughts  to 
even^  one.  I  have  turned  away  from  tender- 
ness with  bitter  indilTeirenoe.  Listen  I  "  she 
spoke  in  a  hou'se  whisper.  "  I  will  own  it. 
I  have  spoken  hardly  to  her,"  f>oiuting 
towards  the  corpse.  '*  Her  who  waa  ever 
patient,  and  full  of  love  for  me.  Slie  did  not 
know,"  she  muttei^  ''she  is  fione  to  the 

rive  without  knowing,  how  I  loved  her — 
had  such  strange,   mad,  stubbum   ptide 
iu  me.'" 

■'Come  back,  mother!  Come  bock,"  said 
she,  crj ing  wihily  to  the  sUU,  s^deum  eorpoe  ; 


908 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


n 


"come  back  as  a  spirit  or  a  gbost— only 
come  hack.  tliaL  I  niuy  tell  yoti  how  1  have 
loved  you. 

But  tho  detxd  nen'er  comt)  back. 

T);'    '  ■,■:">...  ''  .  ,     ,,  V   1.   in  teiir— 

the  I  c*eajBf*<l,  m- 

weiv  K  —  .i .'  i  iji".  i..(i-  .jii.v ^  ru»V>8,  David 

kuelt  (kiwu.  Neat  did  uot  kneels  but  bowetl 
luT  btisiid.  lie  prayed,  while  hi»  owii  l^ars 
fell  fiiat.     Hi'  rose  up.    Tl»ey  were  Vtotb  calm. 

"  Ne«t,"  &aid  be,  "  your  love  lias  l>cen  the 
love  of  youth  ;  |xi£siunate,  ^nM,  nutunil  to 
youth.  Heiiryforward  yoti  must  Jove  like 
CHiist ;  without  thought  of  sell',  or  wit*h  for 
return.  You  muBt  Udte  the  aick  and  the 
weary  to  your  heart  atid  love  them.  That 
love  will  lift  ^^^ou  up  above  the  wtonus  of  the 
world  iuto  Gkwi'a  owii  peace.  The  very  ve- 
lieiueticu  of  your  nuturo  provea  that  von  are 
ca[mble  of  thw.  I  do  uot  pity  you,  Vou  do 
yot  require  pity.  You  are  powerful  euough 
to  tnuuple  down  your  owu  aom>wa  into  a 
ble&ifiiig  for  others  ;  and  to  others  you  will  be 
a  hlesaiug  ;  I  sec  it  b«ffore  you  ;  I  see  in  it 
the  answer  to  your  mother's  prayer." 

Tlie  old  niau^B  dim  eyea  ghttered  m  if  they 
B»w  a  vision  ;  the  tire-lijtrlit  Hprang  up  and 
glinted  on  his  long  white  liair.  Neat  wi»a 
awed  ns  if  she  saw  a  prophet,  and  a  prophet  he 
WJ18  to  her. 

When  next  David  Hughes  caine  to  Pen- 
Morfa,  be  asktsl  alxaut  Nest  Gwj'mi,  with  a 
lioverin|;  doubt  ?us  to  the  answer.  The  inn- 
folk  toM  hira  she  waa  living  still  in  the 
cottage,  which  wris  now  her  own. 

"  Hut  would  you  believe  it,  Da\id,*'  sfdd 
Mre,  Thomas,  "  slie  has  gone  and  tidcen  Maiy 
WUKamfl  to  live  with  her  i  You  remember 
Mary  Williams,  1  'm  wire." 

No  t  Daxid  Huffhe«  remembereri  no  ^lary 
WinianiB  at  Fen^Morfa. 

"You  niuflt  have  seen  her,  for  I  know 
you*ve  calleil  ut  Thomits  GrittitbH*,  where  the 
pfti'ish  boardetl  her  ? " 

"  You  don't  mean  the  half  witted- woman — 
the  poor  crazv  creature  !  " 

"But  I  do!"  aaid  Ut»,  Tliomaa, 

**  I  have  fteen  her  aure  enough,  but  I  never 
thought  of  learning  her  name.  Ami  Neat 
Gwj'iin  lias  taken  her  to  live  with  her." 

"  Ye« !  I  thought  I  ahould  surprise  you. 
She  might  have  had  m?Miy  a  decent  girl  for 
corapamon.  My  own  niece,  her  that  is  an 
la^jh-MU,  woulfl  have  gone  and  been  thankful. 
Besides,  Mary  Williams  is  a  regular  savage 
at  timets ;  John  GriifitliB  says  there  were  days 
when  he  used  to  beat  her  till  she  howled 
again,  and  yet  she  would  not  do  ns  he  told 
her.  Nay,  once,  he  saj^B,  if  he  had  not  seen 
her  eyefl  glare  like  a  wild  beast,  fi-om  inuler 
the  shadow  of  the  table  where  nbe  had  taken 
shelter,  and  got  pretty  cjuickly  out  t»f  her  way, 
she  would  have  flown  upon  him  and  throttled 
!iim.  He  gave  Nest  fair  warning  of  what 
she  niuHt  expect,  and  he  thinks  some  day  she 
will  l>e  founti  munlered." 

David  Hughes  tliought    awhile.      "  How 


c;inie  Nest  to  take  her  to  live  vriih  her  T* 

askctl  he. 

'^Well!  Folk  my  John  Oriftiths  did  not 
;>Ive  her  enough  to  eat.  Half-witB,  they  tell 
vn\  lake  more  to  feed  them  thmi  otheiis,  and 
Eleanor  tJwynn  had  givrn  her  ont  cnkc  luid 
porridge  a  time  or  two,  mid  most  likely 
sjKiken  kindly  to  her  (you  know  Ulennor  spoke 
kind  to  all),  uo  t^mie  months  ago,  when  John 
Orifhtha  hat!  been  beatine  her,  and  keejung 
her  without  food  to  try  and  tame  her,  she  ran 
away  and  cnine  to  Neat's  cottage  in  the  dead 
of  ni^ht,  all  shivering  and  starved,  for  she 
did  not  know  Eleanor  wa»  dea<l,  and  thought 
to  meet  with  ktndnen  from  her,  I've  no 
doubt  i  and  Nest  remembered  how  her  mother 
used  to  feed  and  comfort  the  \m:m>v  idiot,  and 
made  her  uonie  gruel,  and  wrapped  lier  uy  by 
the  file.  And  in  the  morning  \vhen  Johii 
Grirtith.s  came  in  search  of  M:»ry,  In-  fi»und  htT 
with  Nest,  and  Mary  wailed  so  plteously  at 
the  sight  uf  him,  that  Nest  went  to  tin?  ijarish 
ofticeni  aiul  offered  to  take  her  to  U>ara  with 
her  for  the  same  money  thev  gave  to  him 
John  says  he  wm  right  glad  to  be  ofit  his 
b;irgain,* 

David  Hughes  knew  there  was  a  kind  of 
remorse  which  sought  rehef  in  the  perform 
mance  of  the  most' difHonlt  and  jiepugnant 
tasks.  He  tb«»nght  he  ct»uld  understand  how, 
in  her  bitter  rer)ent*'uee  for  her  cftnduct 
towards  her  motiier,  Nest  Imtl  taken  in  the 
first  helplesji  creature  that  came  seeking; shelter 
in  her  name.  It  was  not  what  he  would  have 
chosen,  but  he  knew  it  was  God  that  had  sent 
the  m>or  waudenng  idiot  there. 

He  went  to  see  Nest  the  next  mornings 
Aft  lie  drew  near  the  cottage — it  w;i^  summer 
time,  and  the  doors  and  windows  were  all 
oi>en — he  hetird  an  angry,  pftssionAte  kind  of 
sound  that  was  scarcely  human.  Tliat  suaiml 
prevented  hia  approach  from  being  heard  ; 
and  aton»ling  at  the  thrtT-ilutld,  he  sjiw  (Kx>r 
Mary  Williams  pacing  backw ml^  :ou]  for- 
WAi'dfl  in  some  wild  mood.  >|ile  m 

she  was,  waji  walking  with  h^  n^  low 

sooth  in;:;:  wonis,  till  the  pace  was  aiacktmed, 
and  tim»  and  breathing  was  given  to  put  her 
arm  ar<.Hiiid  the  criizy  woman's  neck,  anil 
Boolbe  her  liy  this  tender  caresa  int*j  the 
quiet  luxury  of  teal's;  tears  v'  '  'vt» 
the  hot  brjiin   relief      Tlten  Dn  -3 

came  in.  His  first  wortU,  as  he  t^-iv  ■-..  ids 
hat,  standing  on  the  lintel,  were — **  The  pe^cd 
of  God  be  upjn  this  house,'*  Neither  he  nor 
Neat  recurred  to  the  jmst ;  thougli  solemn 
reeollectiotjs  tilled  their  minds.  Before  he 
went,  all  three  knelt  and  prayed ;  for,  M 
Neat  told  biju,  some  mysterious  influencse  of 
peace  came  over  the  poor  half- wit's  mind 
when  uhe  heard  the  holy  woixls  «.»f  prayer ; 
and  oflen  when  she  felt  a  paroxysm  coming 
OD,  she  would  kneel  and  i^peat  a  homily 
rapidly  over,  fis  if  it  a\  '    rm  to  scare 

away  the  Demon  in  p  sometimes, 

indeed,  the  control  ov..  iiti^t^lf  re<iuisit« 
for    thia  eflbrt  was    enough   to    dispel    tli4 


Cteftai  t>lekKM.1 


TirE  wt:ll  of  pex-morfa. 


900 


flutterinjj  hurat.  Wli&a.  David  rose  up  to  go, 
he  drew  Xwat  to  the  door, 

"  You  are  not  afraid^  my  cliild  1 "  asked  he. 

"No,"  she  replied.  *'She  ia  often  very 
fn>od  mid  quiet.  Whea  abe  ia  oot^  I  can  bear 
It." 

*•  I  ehall  sec  yonr  face  on  earth  no  more  ;" 
aaid  he.  "  Ck>d  bless  jott !  ^'  He  went  on 
hia  Wftj,  Not  Hwmv  weeks  after,  David 
Hughes  waa  borne  to  Lb  grave. 

'rhe  doors  of  Neat's  heart  were  opened— 
opened  wide  by  the  love  ahe  ^w  to  feel  for 
crazy  Mary,  so  hclpleaa,  so  friendless,  so  de- 
pettaeut  upim  her.  Mary  loved  her  bade 
again,  as  a  dumbanimAl  loves  its  blind  maater. 
It  was  hapinnefls  enough  to  be  near  her.  In 
general  she  was  only  too  glnd  to  do  what  she 
was  bidden  by  Nest*  But  there  were  timea 
when  Mary  wa»  overpowered  by  the  glooms 
mud  fanci*^  of  her  poor  diaorilered  brain. 
Fearful  times  !  No  oue  knew  how  fe&rM. 
On  those  days,  Neet  warned  the  Utile  chUdren 
wiio  loved  to  oome  and  play  around  her,  that 
they  must  not  visit  the  house.  The  signal 
was  a  piece  of  white  linen  hung  out  of  a  aide- 
window.  On  those  days  the  aorrowRil  and 
Bick  waited  in  vain  for  the  sound  of  Nest*s 
lame  approach.  But  what  she  had  to  endure 
warn  only  known  to  Goil,  for  .nhe  never  com- 
pUuned.  If  she  had  given  up*  the  charge  of 
Mary,  or  if  the  neighbours  had  ri?ieu  out  of 
love  and  care  for  her  life»  to  compel  such  a 
%tep,  she  knew  what  hard  eursesi  and  blows — 
what  BtarvatioD  aiid  misery,  would  await  the 
poiii'  creature. 

She  UAtl  of  Mary's  docility,  and  her  affec- 
tion, and  her  innocent  little  anyings ;  but  ahe 
never  told  the  <letail9  of  the  oewuiional  diiya 
of  wild  disordej*,  juid  driving  ijiKanity, 

Nest  triew  old  b^jfore  her  time,  in  oonse- 
qaence  uV  her  act^ident.  She  knew  that  she 
was  as  old  at  fitly  as  many  ai*e  at  seventy. 
She  knew  it  partly  by  the  vividness  with 
which  the  remembnince  of  the  days  of  her 
youth  cume  back  to  her  miud,  while  the 
events  of  ycaterdjiy  were  dim  and  forj^otten. 
She  dreamt  of  Iter  girUioo<l  and  youth.  In 
sleep  she  was  once  more  the  beautiful  Nest 
Gwynn,  the  a^lmii-e^i  of  all  iR-fiolders,  the 
li^ht-heai'ted  girl,  beloved  by  her  mother. 
Little  ciroumntiinces  connected  with  those 
early  days,  forgotten  since  the  very  time  when 
thev  occiin-etl,  caune  back  to  her  nmid,  in  her 
iwiKing  lioiu-8.  She  had  a  scar  on  the  fiahn 
of  her  left  haml,  occasioned  by  the  fall  of  a 
bi:anch  of  a  tree,  when  she  wits  a  child  ; 
ithai  I  her  since  the  finrt two  days 

after  ut ;  but  now  it  began  to  hurt 

h  ■•    '  .  ,  .u»d  clear  in  her  ears  was  the 

«  timd  of  the  treacherous,  rending 

^"  '^' ^  ]w.i..!>.  hej.  rose  the  presence 

'  iy  binding  up  iho  wound. 

^'  iinucea   c«ime    a   lonj^iniC 

dcatt^  to  see  the  beautiful  fatal  well,  ou'-i" 
more  before  her  death.  8he  luul  never  gone 
ao  far  siuce  the  day  wheUj  by  her  fidl  there, 
•he  lost  love,  and  hope,  and  her  bright  glad 


youth.  She  yearned  to  look  upon  its  waters 
once  again.  This  desire  waxed  as  her  life 
waxe<i     She  told  it  to  poor  crazy  Mary. 

"  Mar>' !  "  said  ahe,  **  I  want  to  go  to  tlie 
Hock  WelL  If  you  will  help  me,  I  csn 
manage  it.  There  used  to  be  many  a  stone  in 
the  Dol  Mawr  on  which  I  could  sit  juid  rest. 
We  will  20  to-morrow  morning  Ijefor*  folks 
are  astir. ' 

Mai7  answered  briskly,  **  Up,  up  !  To  the 
Rock  Well !  Mary  will  go.  Mary  will  go." 
All  day  long  she  kept  muttering  to  herself. 
'*  Mary  will  gi.." 

Neiit  had  the  happiest  dream  tliat  night. 
Her  mother  stood  beside  her — not  in  the  flesh, 
but  in  the  bright  iflory  of  a  blessetl  spirit. 
And  Nest  was  no  longer  young — neither  was 
she  old^"  they  reckon  not  by  days,  nor  years 
where  she  was  gone  to  dwell  ;  *'  and  her 
mother  stret<?hed  out  her  arms  to  her  with  a 
calm  glad  look  of  welcome.  »She  awoke  ;  the 
wood  lark  was  singinjj  in  the  near  copse — the 
little  birds  wei-e  astir,  and  rustling  in  their 
leafy  ne^ts.  Nest  arose,  and  called  Mary. 
The  two  set  out  through  the  quiet  lajie.  They 
went  along  slowly  and  silently.  With  many 
a  pause  they  crossed  the  broad  Dol  Mawi»*; 
and  carefully  descended  the  sloping  stones,  on 
which  no  trace  remained  of  the  hundreils  of 
feet  that  hatl  passed  over  them  siuce  Nest 
was  last  there.  The  clear  wat^r  spirkled  and 
quivered  in  the  early  sun-hght,  the  shadows 
of  the  birch-leaves  were  stured  on  the  ground ; 
the  ferns — Nest  could  have  believetl  that  they 
were  the  very  same  ferns  which  she  had  seen 
thirty  years  before,  hung  wet  and  dripping 
where  the  water  over-flowed  —  a  thrush 
ohsinteti  matins  from  a  holly  bush  near — and 
the  rnnning  stream  made  a  low,  soft,  swoet 
accompaniment.  All  was  the  same  ;  Natnre 
was  as  fresh  and  young  as  ever.  It  might 
have  been  yesterday  that  Edwar«l  Williams 
had  overtaken  her,  and  told  her  lus  love — the 
thought  of  his  words — his  handsome  looks — 
(he  was  a  grey  hard-featun^d  mtuJi  liy  thiiii 
time),  and  then  she  i-ecalled  the  fatal  wintry 
moniing  when  joy  and  youth  had  fled  ;  and 
as  she  rememWred  that  faintnesa  of  pain,  a 
new,  a  retil  faintness — no  echo  of  the  nicmory 
— came  over  her.  She  leant  her  l:>ack  against  Ji 
rock»  without  a  moan  or  sigh,  and  died  !  She 
found  immortality  by  the  well  aide,  Lnstjeaii  of 
her  fragile  perishing  youth.  She  waa  so  calm 
and  placid  that  Mary  (who  liad  been  dipping 
her  lingers  in  the  well,  to  see  the  waters  drop 
off  in  the  gl«aiming  sun-light),  thought  she 
wfui  fisleep,  and  for  some  time  coniinuetl  her 
amusement  in  silence.  At  last  she  turned, 
an<i  said, 

"  Mary  is  tired.  Maiy  wants  to  go  home." 
Neat  did,  not  8j]«ak,  though  the  idiot  repeated 
her  plaintive  woifls.  She  Bto*j<l  and  lcK»ked 
till  a  sti'au^^e  terror  came  over  her — a  terror 
too  mysterious  to  l)e  l>onie. 

"  Mistiness,  wake  !  Mistress,  wake  I "  she 
sairl,  wildly^  shaking  the  form. 

But  Neat  did  \xot  %w«ki&e.    Ksl^  >Ciw6  %a^ 


h* 


SIO 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


1  C»m4vKt9l  hf 


petnaoD  who  came  to  the  well  thsA  morning 
toimd  cmzy  Unty  sitting,  awe-stnick,  by  the 
poor  ci*iiid'Ne«t.  Thsy  had  Ut  get  the  pujr 
cr«Ht\»re  awar  by  force,  before  they  cunid 
renjove  the  body. 

Miiry  is  in  Trft-Mndoc  worithonto  ;   they 
treat  her  pretty  kindly,  ;n  '  1    ' 

good  JUid  tnictAble.    C>cc 

oxy»inj8  come  on  ;  nnd  i-i  a  iioir  am:  jo 
uiiinimugeiible.      But  a<.ime    one  thought  of 

- Li,...  (^)  ii<.r  about  Nest,    She  »tood  ar- 

t  he  name  ;  and  since  then,  it  i«  aa> 
I  to  Hi^e  wh;U   efforta  ahe  makes  to 

[    I     luity  ;  mid  when  the  dread  time 
h'   '  riopa  up  to  the  matron,  and  aavs, 

li(4tf  intd  to  be  good,     WiU  God  let 


curli  I 
Mai> 


her  go  to  Neat  now  1  *' 


CHIPS. 

THE  SUNDAY  QUESTION   IN  THE   LJtST 
CENTLTTY, 

Wk  «lice  the  following  "Chip"  ont  of  the 
**  Universal  MagiLzine  "  for  1775.  It  illuft- 
tnvtes  the  conditiL'U  of  the  Sabbath  question 
in  Boston,  America,  idxtut  that  time  ; — 

Some  years  a^p^o,  a  C'omuiander  of  one  of 
bis  Mj^esty'B  shipB  of  wai-,  hem^  stationed  at 
thia  place,  had  orders  to  cruise,  fj  om  time  to 
time,  in  order  to  pn»t^'t  our  trade,  and  di»- 
ti'eHs  the  enemy.  It  happened  unluckily  thsit 
he  returned  from  one  of  hin  criiiaes  on  ai 
S^mday  ;  and,  as  he  had  Left  hi«  laxly  at  | 
Boston,  the  moment  elie  had  heai-d  of  the  i 
Mhip*s  arrival^  she  haeted  down  to  the  Avatera 
ftide»  in  order  to  receive  him.  The  Captain, 
on  landing,  embraced  her  with  tenderaeaB 
and  ajflection :  tlua,  as  there  were  maiiy  apee- 
tatora  by,  gave  great  offence,  and  waa  ooaai- 
dered  aa  an  aot  of  indeoency,and  a  fla^xwt 
prolaiiation  of  the  Sabbath.  The  next  day, 
therefore^  lie  waa  aunmioaed  before  the 
MaglBtrateSf  who,  with  many  severe  rebukes 
■ltd  pioua  exhortiitions^  ordered  him  to  be 
publicly  whi]>ped.  The  Captain  atifled  hia 
indignation  and  rebutment  aa  much  as  poa- 
aible  ;  and^  ok  the  punishment,  from  the  fre- 
Queney  of  it,  waa  not  attended  witli  any  great 
oegree  of  ignominy  or  diBgrace,  he  mixed 
irith  the  best  company,  waa  well  received  by 
them,  and  they  were  apparently  good  Mends. 

At  lengUi  the  tim«  of  the  station  expired, 
Kud  he  was  recalled.  He  went,  therefore, 
with  HeemiiHf  concern,  to  take  leave  of  his 
worthy  friends  ;  an«l,  that  they  might  spend 
one  ha^py  day  together  before  their  linal 
BeparaUoiiL  he  invited  the  priudpal  Magis- 
trates and  aeleet  men  to  dine  with  him  on 
board  his  ship  upon  tlie  day  of  Ids  departure. 
They  accepted  the  invitation,  and  nothing 
ootdid  be  more  joyous  and  eonvtvial  than  the 
entertainment  wliich  he  ^ave  them.  At  length 
the  fatal  moment  arrived  that  waa  to  aepanite 
them  :  the  an  ::hor  waa  a-peak,  the  sails  were 
unfurled,  and  nothing  was  waiiung  but  the 
■ignal  14}  get  nnder  way.     The  Captam,  after 


takinc;  an  affectionate  leave  of  Ins  worihj 
frienoiB,  accompimie<i  them  npoa  deck,  whert 
the  i>oatawaitt  and  cr^w  w«*ro  in  rcndiiiess  to 
receive  them.  Hf  tin  ro  tlumked  them  afi^eah 
for  the  J' J  i  ahown  him,  of  which, 

ho  8fiid,  11  an  eternal  remem- 

uoe,  an'l  to  .viiirii  lie  wished  it  had  been  in 
power  If.   luvve  made  a   more   atlequat^ 
rrtuiti.     Chie  point  of  '  ' 

to  l>o  adjusted  l»etwcen 

in   his   power,   so  he    u,.  ..  u 

recompense  to    them,     H^  .-d 

them  of  what  hatl  j»i4J»*ii*d,  n;  _._   '.hfl 

crew  to  pioion  them,  hrwl  them  brought  one 
by  one  to  the  ^^ang-way,  where  the  Boatswain 
with  a  cat  of  nine  tails^  hdd  on  the  Vxick  of 
each  forty  stripes  save  one.  Thpy  w«?re  then, 
amidst  the  shouts  and  acclaiti^  w, 

shoved   into  their  boats  ;    ;  in. 

immediately  getting  under  wav,  ^.uitu  for 
£ngland. 


LIFE  IN  AN  ESTANCTA. 

P.VBT   THE   5EC0SD. 

I  Alt  as  thoroughly  cut  ofl*  &om  my  kii 
in  this  Btienos  Ayreaa  Eatancia,  as  it  ia 
possible  fur  me  to  be ;  and  living  aa  it 
aJUme  aoKng  a  set  of  beinga,  whose  laziguagfl^ 
nuyDnezoi  a£d  feftturea  are  ao  dii&rent  from 
thoee  with  w  bom  I  was  wont  to  associate  in 
my  youth,  when  I  looked  his^k  !♦•  thLtty  yea« 
ago,  I  could  almost  £uicy  myself  transt 
to  another  world.  My  dreea  too,  di^Kring^ 
quality  onlv   from   tlmt   rif  thp  ht^nlsmeii 

ame.    Were 

i  on   Afisiso 

a.:»tice  than 

With  my 

11 1 

ra 

iV 

n  1  ti  le. 


snepherd 

I    to    aCr<  ■  1    -  ■  '      ;  !  .  '  ■      I   ' 

fiaturdav,  I  »huuld  atn 

dther  tlie  Sheriff  or  1 1 

silver  spurs,  weiJEhiog  i 

pounds,  my  aad«S»  a^o 

to  an  £iigliah  gentleman  ^  i 

made  wide  aa  those    of   f 

waistH^loth  and  riding -belt 

twelve  inchea  m  the  bUde,  should  I  present 

myself   in   our  old   town,  the    Antiauariao 

8oi»iety  would  dap  me  into  the  castle,  imd 

sav  tliat  I  had  oome  over  with  William  the 

Conqueror. 

Thb  is  £aater  Sunday,  and  I  suppoee  at 
the  Forth,  the  atalla  and  ahowi  will  be  all  ast 
out ;  the  i-oundahouta,  the  lads  with  tlieir 
dyed  eggs,  and  the  Gevedy  mezk  with  their 
baskets  fidl  of  gingerbi-ettd,  all  in  motion. 
When  aliall  I  see  the  old  plaoe  again,  is  a 
question  I  cannot  answer.  It  is  quite  as  un- 
certain when  I  shall  see  Bueuoe  Ayrea.  I  am 
80  happy  in  the  Pamfiaa.  and  exyoy  such  ex- 
celleut  health,  that,  even  the  wiah  to  leave 
them  seldom  enters  into  my  mind  In  my 
rides  my  dogs  accompaoy  me,  and  atfbrd  me 
plenty  of  sport ;  they  chase  the  fox,  deer,  and 
all  the  v^ild  animals  that  cross  their  path. 
One  brings  me  an  armadillo  in  her  mouth, 
and  if  I  am  armadillo  hungry,  I  carry  it  with 
me  and  cat  it  for  supper.  Sametiines  they 
come  upon  the  scent  of  a  panther,  or  the 


1 


LAvlM  Okkcu.] 


LIFE  DT  AN  ESTANCIA. 


fll 


puma. 

I" 

a- 


but  to  these  I  pive  %  wide  l>erth^  and 

'       ^*      V        re  of  all  breeds  and 

md  Hector,  Robert 

The  feraalea  are 

"ss,  tlie  otliei-a  are 

;i  ..... I ..      i-cadias  that  biirrow 

ii  '-,  the  nunift  that  iniiabit  the  lake, 

rii  a  for  their  share  with  the  tykes. 

The  old  bull*  that  have  retired  from  the 
carea  of  the  world,  and  sought  some  fieques- 
tered  part  of  the  estate  to  wind  up  a  "  youth 
of  Iftlmiir  TJiith  an  age  of  ease,"  afford  aspeciid 
n:  amps,  surrounding  him 

t  i  ing  on  hy  the  tail,  three 

or  I'Hir  HI  II I ^  ij-.rt.i,  and  the  others  at  his 
heels,  he  hue  no  diance  but  to  take  to  the 
^Water,  and  stand  in  the  lake  until  they  are 

>inp«lled  to  retiie^  and  leave  him  alone  in 
solitude.  They  know  where  to  find  these 
old  jgentiemen^  and  they  acour  along  to  cut 
the  boll  from  the  lake,  and  asail  him,  aft  the 
men  call  it,  "  <£;  reta  guardia^'  or,  in  pUdn 
dogfish,  from  the  rear. 

There  are  many  incidents  occurring  here 
to  r^jlieve  what  you  may  think  the  monotony 
of  my  life-     I  will  dei»cnbe  one  : — 

In  the  spring  of  last  year  I  stalled  from 
rigUante,  \»^«*re  I  had  parsed  the  night, 
about  euorifie,  and  at  that  hour  the 
are  delightful.  In  a  favourable 
&i}a»on,  the  scented  trefoil  reaches  to  the 
horse's  kneee.  Covered  with  it«  yellow 
flowers,  and  laden  with  the  dew  of  the 
monnug,  it  reminds  me  of  the  clovt^r  fields  of 
cultivated  England.  The  animals  all  fat ;  the 
land  covered  with  cattle  ;  hundreds  of  young 
<^lve8  by  the  aide  of  their  motkenij  the 
gamlHiLi  of  the  sportive  foals  in  the  man^rlaa ; 
oil  ^eem»  health,  increiise,  and  contentment. 
Aa  I  rode  towaroa  the  Estancia^  I  approached 
two  hei'ds  of  marcs,  the  leaders  of  which  ap- 
pt^aiW  to  be  in  conference,  and  I  was  induced 
to  think  there  was  discord  between  them, 
Tlicy  now  jointxl  theii-  nostrils  close  together, 
then  separated ;  and,  fixon  the  position  ot 
their  oara,  I  judged  that  no  arraugememt  had 
been  come  to.  They  were  both  what  we  call 
manddtts  iiLsAdas  (wild),  and  both  horses,  they 
hjMl  founded  their  own  ^unilies  by  cutting  off 
yotiDg  marea  from  other  herds.  2^" either  of 
them  was  known  to  me,  and  consequently 
biul  not  been  ''regularU  !ir,t«>tnted  ;  on  a 
sudden  one  of  the  hoi  into  the  other 

lierd  (he  was  a  jet  b  ,  with  his  ears 

aback,  and  nose  tu  the  gruuad,  he  singled  out 
a  young  mare,  and  carrieil  her  o4  In  u 
moment  to  the  rescue  off  went  the  othtu" 
horse,  and  a  fienie  contest  was  the  result. 
JTirst  lastening  with  their  teeth  upon  the 
cre»t  of  the  neck  or  the  withers  ;  now,  both, 
as  it  were,  in  the  air,  on  their  lund-legs ; 
then  the  heavy  bluws  ujion  the  ribs,  given 
with  botli  heels ;  they  were  presently  bleeiiing 
from  the  neck  to  tha  shoulders,  the  sweat 
running  fi*om  them  as  if  a  pail  of  water  hml 
Ijeen  thrown  over  them.  Whilst  this 
going  on,  one  of  the  manidas  had  been  in  i 


offj  unohBcrved  by  the  black  horse,  j^nd  wai 
out  of  BI-' ^  ^  "  he  diflcf'  ^  '  -  loss. 
He    imui  nitted    tli  ,   and 

atarteii  oli  ..*  .^.  ..vu  of  bi"  ^  -ir» 

in  the  direction  I  was  p 
immediately  wincdi,  and      .      .  ^ 

of  alarm,  so  much  so  that  1  dism  ? 

held  him  by  the  rein*.  The  staii  ^  1 
at  full  spee<l,  at  the  disdtance  of  about  twenty 
yards  from  us,  Whcu  he  was  gone  my  horse 
appeaiet!  8Jitisfie<:l ;  I  remounted  him,  and 
was  proceeding  at  an  easy  gallop,  when  the 
frantic  animal  again  made  his  api>earance,  his 
lon^  mane  flying  out,  and  the  white  foam  in 
flashes  breaking  irom  his  mouth  and  haunches. 
Ever  and  anon,  he  would  lower  his  head  to 
the  ground,  as  if  uix>n  a  scent,  and  in  this 
way  be  was  coming  up,  hand  over  hand.  My 
hoi^e  again  became  aianued,  and  I  let  him 
go  at  his  own  speed.  Tlie  black,  however, 
was  &at  gaining  upon  us,  when,  &»  I  ap- 
proached a  lake,  I  obser^^ed  some  animala 
amonpit  the  high  bulrushes.  1  drove  them 
out,  They  proved  to  be  the  missing  herd, 
and  the  horse  regained  his  family.  He 
quickly  collected  them  into  a  group,  and  drove 
them  in  the  direction  where  I  had  met  witk 
them ;  I  have  no  doubt  the  combat  would  be 
renewed  ;  but  I  had  seen  quite  enough* 

In  the  winter  I  am  very  much  exposed  to 
the  weather,  especially  at  night ;  but  as  soon 
as  the  cock  crows  in  the  morning,  all  our 
cares  are  over.  Seated  round  the  fare  in  the 
kitchen  we  take  our  matt^,  and  at  simrise  we 
mount  our  horses,  and  forth  to  the  country, 
A  ride  of  four  leagues  brings  me  home  to 
breakfast,  and  the  bracing  air  of  the  Pampa«, 
with  horseback  exercise,  makes  me  enjoy  my 
roast  beef  and  cup  of  coffee  as  much  as  if  I 
wens  to  breakiast  with  a  City  aJdermim. 

When  the  hard,  dry  pampero  wind  h  blow- 
ing, my  house  lets  it  in  at  eveiT  chiidj.  On 
it  comes  fix»m  the  south-west  with  nothing  to 
arrest  its  progress.  The  Pampas  are  like  the 
ocean.  As  iiir  as  the  eye  can  reach,  we  only 
see  a  lonely  cottage,  as  we  see  a  ship  in  the 
Atlantic,  The  wmd  dlee  away  at  sunset,  and 
next  morning  a  hoar  frxjst^  which  vanishes  as 
hour  after  sunrise.  This  is  all  the  winter  we 
feel  in  the  Pampas ;  but  the  wind  fi-om  the 
south-west  makes  a  clear  passage  through 
poncho,  jacket,  ribs  and  all ;  and  the  want  of 
comfort  in  the  house,  and  proper  clothing^ 
makes  us  feel  more  cold  hei'e  than  in  the 
baldest  winter  at  home.  Yet  we  seldom 
catuh  cold^  and  in  geiieral  we  all  enjoy  excel- 
lent healtli,  which  in  Itself  is  a  oomibrt  beyond 
all  price, 

I  breakfast  in  the  morning  at  seven  oVlock  t 
by  that  time  my  horse  is  saddled,  and  waiting] 
for  me,  I  theu  proceed  to  one  or  other  of  tlie 
distant  cottriges,  and  sleep  there^  or  return 
home  at  sunset,  dine,  and  at  eight  o'clock  In 
wiiiter,  and  nine  o'clock  in  summer,  I'etire  to 
l'"L  and  at  three  o'clock  am  again  in  the 
^  with  my  herdsmen  and  alLe,^k««<i%» 
d  oil  soisil  ^Ao*:Va  ol  '^wA.j  ot  ^irvA. 


< 


i 


212 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


^ 
^ 


bullocks'-heafK  before  &  Learth  eticlo«ed  witli 
ahaiik  bones  stuck  into  the  ground — »  fire  of 
*ow'a  dung  and  trdlow  sending  forth  a  flicker- 
ing light  over  the  jet-black  walls — behold  me 
juid  my  inetL  Elevated  a  little  .ibi>ve  big 
fetlowa  aitH  tht*  majorHdomo,  an-anf^iiig  the 
duties  of  the  day,  or  listening  to  th^-ir  con- 
versation of  feats  with  the  lazo.  Few  of  them 
can  rwid  ;  they  know  of  no  other  world  than 
the  Pampas ;  *'  their  wants  are  few,  their 
wiahee  all  confine<l/'  Like  uneducated  men 
\n  jdl  jjarta  of  the  world,  they  are  eyerlaBtiDg 
Ijeggare.  No  sooner  do  my  little  stores  arrive, 
than  they  all  fall  sick  ;  one  wants  a  little 
biscuit,  another  a  little  sugar,  and  a  third  a 
little  coffee,  "  Pam  rtmadM^'  they  cry.  I 
verily  believe  if  I  were  to  receive  a  consign- 
ment of  prutiaic  acid,  they  would  try  a  little 
**  para  remetlio." 

I  have  got  mx  Eatancia  into  prosperous  pon- 
tlitiou.  I  found  it  ou  my  return,  in  1846,  a 
complete  wreck.  It  was  a  work  of  infijiite 
labuiir  and  anxiety  to  bring  the  eHUibliBh- 
ment  Into  go<xi  working  order.  Forty  thou- 
sand head  of  horned  cattle,  four  thousand 
mnres,  and  fift<^cn  thousamd  bhefp  now  over- 
stock the  ground.  I  have  three  thousand 
oxen  apart  and  at  pasture  from  three  years 
upwards,  iuid  two  thouaaud  more  in  the  nerd, 
which  we  now  collect  as  formerly,  and  bring 
them  to  the  tqcUo  as  tame  tuA  milch  cowa  at 
an  Eiiglinh  faitu.  We  consider  here  two 
thousand  heiui  per  league  as  n)any  cattle  as 
the  grouml  will  fatten  and  maintain  all  the 
ye;ir  round :  this  gives  about  two  and  a-haJf 
acres  per  head  ;  our  stock  is  above  that,  aa  we 
do  not  po«aea«  more  than  <.nie  huiidretl  thou- 
sand acres  including  the  lakes,  which  will 
meiLSure  at  least  one  thousand  acres,  besides 
th<<  River  Flores,  which  runs  the  whole  length 
of  the  estate,  or  tiv**  Mid  ah^df  leiigucij. 

The  spring  luouth?!  are  always  busy  ones  in 
the  Pampas.  I'he  shveji  are  all  to  wash  and 
shear  ;  tlie  wool  is  all  to  be  packed  into  btigs  ; 
the  ox  and  cow-hides  collected  during  the 
winter,  together  with  the  tallow,  fat,  horse- 
haiTj  shee|>-8kins»  (^'c,  &c.,  have  all  to  be  sent 
to  market.  The  Ifuulje  are  then  to  be  selected 
according  to  their  tineneas,  and  their  ears  cut, 
both  to  denote  their  quality,  and  to  show  to 
whom  thoy  belong,  in  case  they  should  mix 
witli  any  other  flocks.  All  these  duties 
occupy  us  (kuing  the  montlis  of  November 
and  December,  mid  then  we  obtain  a  little 
rest  until  the  middle  of  January,  when  the 
ileljvery  of  cattle  for  the  nuaket  commences, 
nds  summer  our  labours  have  iK'cn  materially 
augmented  l»y  a  drunght,  which  has  been  felt 
all  over  the  southern  part  of  the  Pampna,  A 
drought  is  to  this  country  what  a  murndn  isi 
to  the  cattle  in  othei^.  About  the  end  of 
Becemlior  our  water  failed  in  all  the  lakes, 
nod  then  it  wtia  heart -rentling  to  see  the  poor 
animals  wandering  about,  unwilling  to  leave 
their  homes.  As  I  rode  through  them,  the 
cowa  looked  at  me^aa  if  toa^k  t\\^  nuijor-tlomo 
if  he  ooiild  not  procure  them  water  to  drink  ; 


the  tender  calves,  trotting  by  their  mothers 
sides,  seemed  to  feel,  m  the  diminished 
tjuantity  of  milk^  that  they,  as  well  as  their 
mothers,  ahared  in  the  general  calainity.  The 
cow  clinga  with  great  affection  to  the  spot 
where  she  baa  borne  her  calves ;  but  wnat 
feelmg  can  resist  the  impulse  of  thirst  ?  On- 
ward they  move  in  search  of  water,  and 
whilst  their  owner  sees,  with  grief  of  heart, 
hia  cattle  leave  his  ground,  fiis  neighl»ur, 
whose  hikes  still  hold  out,  l)ehohls  with  con- 
atemation  his  land  invaded  with  blackening 
herds  of  cattle,  that  come,  like  the  locust, 
to  eat  up  hia  herbage,  and  consume  his  water. 
That  bemff  consumed,  onward  they  move,  and 
carry  all  liia  cattle  with  them.  ThU  baa  no 
remedy  until  a  fall  of  rain  replenishes  the 
empty  hikes.  The  cattle  aeem  instinctively  to 
know  when  this  has  taken  place,  and  they 
gnu-iually  return  home,  bringing  with  them 
many  of  their  new-formefl  aoquaintancea. 
Their  ownera  then  come  to  part  them  off,  and 
we  send  out  to  bring  liome  such  stragglera 
as  have  remained  behmd. 

In  March,  we  have  to  mark  the  calrea  oi 
the  year's  produce,  about  eight  thousand ;  ia 
April  to  mark  the  foala,  antl  cut  the  manes 
and  tails  of  the  mares,  and  that  will  Imisb  the 
work  of  autumn.    The  last  m  hard  work  for 
the  men  aiui  hoiiwa.    We  luive  to  catch  the 
mares  with  the  lazo,  and  wV  -  '    ^       '    nen 
on  foot  throw  them  down  b  ir 

forelegs,  and  when  down  thw  ......  . .  i ...  ...wiy, 

and  carefully  tied  up,  packed,  and  sent  to 
town,  for  exportation  to  JEngland, 

My  farmyard  leasts  of  jdenty  of  fowl&  at 
least  two  hundred,  with  English  ducks,  Mus- 
covy duckA,  turkeya,  &e.,  wl  in  abundance. 
My  doga  accompany  me  everj'wherc.  At 
home  tney  sleep  at  my  door.  '  When  fix>m 
home,  and  sleeping  outside  "  al  fremo,** 
covered  with  my  poncho,  they  fonn  a  circle 
round  me,  and  then  none  dare  nppixMich  me, 
ISIy  house  is  aun*oundcd  with  weeping  willows, 
Very  lofty  ;  in  these  the  fowls  rtjoi»t.  1  have 
a  little  ^rden,  in  which  I  grow  onions,  peas, 
pumpkins,  and  potatoes,  some  fruit  for  the 
eununer,  melons^  water-melons,  fiic.  There 
are  plenty  of  tame  cows  for  milk,  eggs  by  the 
bushel.  My  house,  or  thatched  cottage,  haa 
three  rooms,  and  my  country  house  lias  a 
sjtare  bod  ft«r  the  stranger. 

In  the  early  part  of  April  1849,  having  sold 
all  the  iKjvillos  (oxen)  from  twoand-a-half 
years  old  and  upwards,  and  all  the  fat  vaca.** 
(cows)  from  three  yean  and  upwards,  we 
assembled  at  San  Oirloa  to  commence  the 
deliverj'.  For  this  purpose  we  hired  twenty 
men  by  thf^  diy  to  Jo  the  work  on  their  own 
horses,  and  we  drafted  ten  more  from  the 
different  puestos,  to  a^ist  iji  the  secondary 
oijerationa.  The  whole  were  placed  mider 
the  onlera  of  my  capatas  nutjor.  1  merely 
attended  to  ov«.-rlook  the  duty,  and  tjj  be  at 
hand  in  case  any  unforeseen  difiiculty  might 
arise. 

All  the  TxreliminaTy  arrangements    being 


II 


IMcftaM^ 


LIFE  IN  AN  ESTANCIA. 


=1 

213        ■ 


completed,  two  Tx?oug  wore  appouited  to  take 
chAt^  of  the  horses,  with  orders  to  ke«p 
ne&r  the  tenjidc*  Tlie  cavalcade  moved 
forwanls,  takm^  with  them  twelve  tame  ojcen, 
the  lads  with  the  horsts  (two  hundj-ed  and 
fifty  in  DuniWr)  bringing  up  the  rear. 

An  aoon  t\&  we  approached  the  first  herd  of 
ittU?,  which    we   found   grazing,  the   party 

Ited,  and  each  capatiLK,  taking  with  him 
ten  uiea,  procee^led  slowly  forwiirds^  with  a 
view  ti»  Burrctund  them.  They  advanced  in 
two  Unea,  ea<?h  taking  a  circuit,  and  proceeded 
OLuiiaiijaly,  »>  VkH  not  to  alarm  the  cattle,  and 
cause  them  to  disperee  too  booh.  The  other 
peotift  weie  left  with  the  tame  buUocki*,  to 
tee45iv««  and  guard  thd  captured  ftnifnula  aa 
they  were  brought  in. 

Having  approached  as  near  as  poaaible,  the 
men  are  dii-ected  esch  to  ^gle  out  an  animal 
of  the  n^e  find  condition  required,  and  to 
drive  it*lown  to  the  place  where  the  men  with 
the  tame  u\en  are  waiting  t^^  receive  them  ; 
ill  cabc  they  caiuiot  do  that,  they  have  their 
lazos  ready  to  eniamr  the  animal  before  he 
g«ts  to  a  diBtance. 

Euch  capataz  now  proceeded  forwards  at  a 
jSallop,  mm  as  soon  as  he  hail  advauceil  one 
hunt  {red  and  fifty  yard*,  tlie  man  nearest  to 
liim  followed  at  the  dame  pzice,  ami  when  he 
had  gaint^  hia  distance,  the  other  fulltnvtHJ  in 
the  same  order,  until  they  luul  fonuL^l  a  i 
cordon  round  the  cattle,  Tlie  animals,  seeing 
themselves  suirounded  now,  try  t^>  escape  ; 
but  the  men  head  them  at  every  pomt. 
They  then  disperse,  and  hreak  tluough  every 
opening,  imd  it  ia  then  that  the  men  single 
out  the  animalf^,  and  either  drive  lli«.'m  down 
to  the  sennelo,  or  aitch  thum  with  the  lazi>a. 

The  scene  is  now  animated  in  the  exti*eme, 
cow'B  foliowe*!  by  tlieir  ealvea,  yesirliugs,  two- 
year  old  bulls,  and  oxen,  all  n^nng  over  the 
plain  at  the  top  of  their  speed  ;  the  hoi-semen 
iiittnuixe<l ;  some  brinL'ing  down  their  oxen, 
others  with  the  nooae  of  the  lazo  twirling  over 
their  heada,  and  not  lui&aqueutly  a  horse, 
which  has  Btumbled,  is  seen  without  his  rider 
making  the  best  of  hie  way  in  the  m^it. 

When  tlie  heat  of  the  work  ia  over,  for  the 
present,  such  of  the  men  as  have  delivered 
their  cattle,  adjust  their  saddles  and  brace  up 
theii'  girths,  or,  if  necenary,  change  hoi-ses, 
and  go  to  the  aasistaxice  of  thoae  who  have  j 
caught  animala  that  will  neither  be  led  nor 
driven.  If  at  a  diatance,  we  move  the  sennelo 
n«»r  to  them,  and  in  succession  remove  the 
iazoa,  and  let  them  mix  with  thos^e  already 
captured.     Tlie  first  corrido  was  thus  finiBhed. 

The  men  now  pi-epiired  to  aurrouml  a 
•ea»nd  herd,  w-'th  much  the  same  success  as 
before  ;  and  we  went  on  like  keen  sportsmen, 
until  night  approached,  and  caught  us  on  the 
very  edge  of  our  boundary  line,  and  at  too 
great  a  diatance  to  return  to  San  Carlos.  We 
directed  our  steps  to  the  pueato  of  a  neigh- 
bour, and  ahut  up  the  cattle  in  the  corral  for 

•  Tune  Mdmal^uMd  u  •  d«eo7. 


tile  night.  The  j>eons  now  uasaddted  and 
let  my  their  tiorsea,  and  each  of  them  caught  m 
fresh  one,  wlucli  he  tethered  for  the  duty  oX 
the  following  morning. 

Previotia  to  closing  the  entrance  of  the 
corral,  the  cnpataz  oniere<l  two  of  the  peoua 
to  enter  and,  with  their  lazoa,  to  bring  out 
two  of  the  fattest  cows  for  the  evening  meal  ;. 
others  of  the  men  were  gathering  tJjc  thy 
bones  of  th*»  animala  previoualy  killed,  in 
ortler  to  make  the  tire^  neeeasarv  to  cook  the 
supper.  These  were  piled  in  heapf*,  which 
apiieared  like  rudely  eomstructed  altars  u}Km 
which  they  were  aix>ut  to  offer  up  sacritice 
six  of  the  men  had  imdertaken  this  duty,  the 
others  were  occupied  in  slaughtering  and 
cutting  up  the  animals,  to  be  cooked  &s  came 
con  cwro,  or  beef  with  the  hide  oil 

By  this  time  night  hati  Bet  fairly  in  ;  thick 
volumes  of  smoke  arose  from  the  lircs,  and 
the  hirid  glare  enjst  a  demonish  htie  upon  the 
swai'thy  faces  of  the  men  now  gathered  round. 
They  were  of  all  complexions,  fivtm  the  jet 
bkck  to  the  ruddv  hue  of  the  English  yeoman  ; 
Intliiina  of  the  i*ampaa,  and  native?*  of  the 
interior  provinces,  with  their  long  black  hair, 
which  in  texture  vies  with  the  manea  of  their 
horses.  Yet  there  was  much  j['<>od-uature  in 
their  conversation  jis  they,  like  tlie  fox-hunter, 
ran  over  the  furtunoA  of  the  day,  naming  the 
hor>*e  wliich  had  carried  his  rider  well  tlirough 
diUiger.  when  pressed  by  the  furious  ox.  The 
men  who  luul  thrown  a  gocMl  lazo  came  in  for 
their  shiu-e  of  praise,  and  those  who  had 
snifered  miBhajw,  were  subject  to  pity  or 
ridicule  ua  their  case  might  piesent^.  All 
came  in  for  theii*  aliare  of  criticism,  and  their 
loud  laughs  nuule  the  Pampas  ring. 

Wlieu  the  meat  was  cooiced  nothing  could 
appear  more  uninviting.  The  different  parta 
presented  a  UL'ick  maas,  apjiarently  burnt  to 
a  cinder  My  p€on  lU  nuino  now  came  to 
announce  that  supjx*r  was  ready.  I  waa 
seated  on  the  green  sward,  iit  a  short  distance 
from  the  hies.  He  brought  a  cake  of  di'ied 
cow's  dung,  and  phiced  it  before  me ;  over 
this  he  threw  pai^t  of  the  web  of  fat  which 
incloses  the  iuteHtintfS,  to  serve  iu  the  abeence 
of  a  table-cloth  ;  he  then  brought  part  of  the 
n>astetl  meat,  and,  idler  CAi*etully  removing 
the  chari'ed  ribs,  he  phiced  it  on  the  unin- 
viting table,  the  liidc  serving  as  a  pbte. 
W]ien  thus  dishe<l  up  few  Commanders-in- 
Chief,  after  a  hard  fought  day,  would  havo 
Suarrelled  with  their  supper.  Tlie  meat  was 
elieately  white  and  tender,  a  htlle  sMlt 
sprinkled  over  it  made  the  gra\'>'  ti«)w  like  a 
stream  as  I  sci'aped  the  meat  tWjm  the  shelL 
Having  satisfied  my  hunger,  a  drink  of  water, 
out  of  a  cow's  hoi*u,  camplete<l  Uic  fetwit. 

Neit  morning,  soon  as  the  cock  from  the 
ridge  of  the  neighbouring  cottage  announced 
the  approacli  of  day,  the  capat«2  and  early 
risers  of  the  party  ^ook  the  dew  from  their 
pouchos,  and  commenced  their  toilet.  The 
tires  of  the  precetUng  night  were  rekindled, 
and  the    imtti    banded    round.    When   tha 


^        214 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


»T 


*8affiron  mom 


gave  the  aweej. 
to  aaddlo.     Tl. 


.  -ro  then 

ftnd  the  cattle  let  forth,  ihu  meti  fortuitig  in  » 
crescent  to  atop  the  niah  from  the  corral. 
AfUjr  ft  tew  nunutes  lUlowcd  for  them  to 
settle,  the  whole  moved  forwartl,  ?md,  iw  soon 
as  we  came  to  the  henls,  the  men  got  rendy 
their  hujos.  The  scenes  tif  the  fonuer  ilny 
V.  1       "t  arrived;  and  we  supped 

lid  of  foiir  daya  we  made 
uj,  ..V,  i*,.....r.i  i.*rtd  of  homed  cattle,  and 
thus  finished  the  Ubour  of  making  rropa  a 


.11 


BATS! 

Trerb  ifi  TiothiBg  like  being  in  enmeet 
when  one  begins  a  good  work.  So,  evidently, 
thinks  the  author  of  a  blue  covered  pam- 
phlet just  issued,  with  a  title  pa^e  headed 
oy  three  words  and  nine  notes  of  exclama- 
fciou— BAt !  !  !  Bat  !  f  t  Rat  !  !  1  Tlio  object 
of  the  writer  is  no  Icaa  thim  to  alarm  the 
whole  nation  by  showing  what  we  lose  every 
year  by  the  ffniypptla  against  whom  he  has 
made  such  a  dead  wet.  Not  content  with 
dilating  on  tliia  fact  in  the  body  of  hia  work, 
he  puta  what  he  calls  "  a  startling  fact,"  upon 
the  blue  wrapper.  **One  pair  of  i^ts,"  he 
aays,  **  with  tneir  progeny,  will  produce  in 
1 1  5  no  less  a  number  than  six  hundred 

^ix  thousand  eight  bundled  and 
tiij;iji  iTu.ll  which  will  consume,  liay  by  day, 
as  mach  food  as  sixty-four  thousand  six  hun- 
dred and  eighty  men  ;  leaving  eicht  rats  to 
Sburve/'  This,  it  must  be  admitted,  is  fltartling 
enmi^h,  but  anv  one  who  hna  a  cellar,  or  a 
corn-r»in,  will  be  incHned  to  believe  almost 
any  tale,  however  strong,  or  to  applaud  any 
abuse  however  severe,  which  may  be  heaped 
upon  that  convicted  thief  Rat.  Midnight 
barglarien,  undetected  by  the  new  police,  sink 
into  Inaigniticance  compared  with  tne  ravages 
af  rata  of  the  London  sewers,  which  steal  and 
destroy  more,  in  one  week,  ihnn  the  value  of 
\\\  the  robberies  of  plate  that  blaze  away  in 
the  newspapers  from  year's  end  to  year's  end. 
And  yet  the  plunderers  go  on  almost  im- 
motested.  They  are  too  Imowing  for  traps, 
ind  arsenic  seems  to  be  more  total  to  human, 
than  to  qiiadi'Uijedal  victims.  Tlie  French 
Joumala,  the  other  d^,  described  d  grand 
battue  in  the  sewers  of  Paris,  when  thousands 
of  rats  were  captured  and  killed,  and  we  heard 
of  large  sums  cleared  by  the  sale  of  their 
skinj^^for  these  thieves  go  about  like  swell 
mobsmen— very  well  clad.  But  the  example 
of  our  French  brethren  was  not  imitated  in 
the  modem  Babvlon.  We  neither  spill  blood 
on  barricades  above  ground,  nor  in  sewers 
beneath  it.  So  Mr.  Rat  still  carries  on  hia 
plunder  with  impunity,  to  the  great  horror 
and  indignation  of  good  housewives  in  general, 
and  of  the  writer  we  have  just  referred  to  in 
particular.  Protection  is  with  him  no  ex- 
phmatioQ  of  nation&l  distress.    ff«  says  it  Si 


"The  farm, 
[ind  hom»" 

'•,   to   thr  :i 


■*     \r- 


-'•rii 

,  .  ■  -:'y, 
n^..l.\\\:>r^u:■\u■J;  aud  agri- 
.     M"!    ->■'  i-ni   think   of 

!"  '■:.,:■-..   t\:-  \   cnrty 
m    the  dark  J    Certainly 


atid   crime  i>ii  <   m 
cultund    popu! 
rats,  lnvauMf 
are  they  leas 
on    their  ravngo** 
not." 

In  another  y '        '-     ^    '  -   '^         ■       .y^ 

a  farmer  in  t)  ]^ 

if  he  at  presf  jii  :  ..  ,; , ,  ed 

him  of  witliin  the  !  ment 

declare  himself  ft  \v  _      h- real 

truth  couhl  lie  found  out,  it  would  be  a  safe 
speculation  to  bai*k  the  rtatements  of  the 
rat^hater  against  the  statistics  of  the  Proteo* 
tionbts. 

The  question  then  suggests  itself,  what 
should  be  done  to  save  this  waste — to  stop 
the  plunder — ^to  banish  the  thiev-  '  '  .^^ 
turn  to  the  httle  blue  Iwok  for  i  u 

The  naturalists  are  said  to  give  h  ^  i  >  ^i.-ar 
notion  of  what  the  rat  i>,  but  what  lie  doei 
they  describe  vej-y  imperfectly.  Hats  are 
modest  creaturvs  ;  they  live  and  Liljonr  la 
the  dark  j  they  shun  the  approach  of  man. 
Go  into  a  bam  or  mnazy,  where  hundreds 
are  living,  and  vou  aEaU  not  see  one  ;  go  to  a 
rick  thai  may  be  one  living  m.iss  within  (a 
thing  very  common,  adfls  our  writer),  and 
there  shall  not  be  one  visible  ;  or  tlive  into  s 
cellar,  that  may  be  perfectly  infested  with 
them,  rats  you  shall  not  see,  so  much  as  a 
tip  of  a  tait  unless  it  be  that  of  a  stray  one 
"popping  across  for  a  more  safe  retreat." 
As  men  seldom  see  them  they  seldom  thirdc 
of  them.  "But  this  I  say,  goes  on  omt 
author,  "that  if  rats  could  "by  any  means  Im 
made  to  live  on  the  surface  of  the  earth, 
instead  of  holes  and  comem,  and  feed  and  run 
about  the  streets  and  fields  in  the  open  d&v. 
like  dogs  and  sheep,  the  whole  nation  wotifd 
be  horror-stricken,  and  ultimatel  v  there  would 
not  be  a  man,  woman^  or  child  able  to  brandish 
a  stick,  but  would  have  a  dog,  stick,  or  gun 
for  their  destruction  wherever  they  met  with 
them.  And  are  we  to  suppose,  because  they 
carrr  on  their  ravages  in  the  dark,  that  they 
are  less  destructive  f  Certainly  not ;  and  my 
object  in  making  this  appeal  to  the  nation, 
and  supplying  it  with  cakmlations  from  the 
moot  experienced  individuals  and  uaturalistA, 
is  for  the  purpose  of  rousing  it  up  to  one 
universal  warrare  against  these  midnight 
marauders  and  common  enemies  of  mankind, 
insomuch  as  they  devour  the  food,  to  the 
starvation  of  our  fellow-creatureB.**  He  does 
not  altogether  ignore  the  aii^imifiQt  of  the 
friends  of  the  rat — for  even  the  rat  has  found 
friends  amongst  naturalists,  ready  to  aigue 
in  hia  fiivour,  and  in  print  too— that  these 
vermin  destroy,  in  the  sewers,  mndi  matter 
that  would  otherwise  give  out  poisonous  gasefl. 
Sewer  rats,  he  admits,  are  not  the  very 
worst  of  the  raee,  but  even  they  should  bo 
slain  wherever  they  may  be  caught.    But  tb6 


Dtek<wtJ 


BATSr 


f<)td  ..f  tfi^i^  eellnr,  the  warehooae^  the  barn, 
tl  ird,   the   granary,  and   the  com- 

ti  ^  jfnoid  deatroyera  a^^aiiist  whom 

V  terrier,  the  tnp,  iitid  the  ferret  b 

Du  uot.  l«*t  Jtny  render  BUjrpoe^   that 
Biifi^Knn*^  put  forth  Iq  the  guise  of  » 

i>  a  mtire  Uiateiew  doie  of  usemi 
•m  the  rat  genus.  It  m  tio  Biieh 
ihiTiu'  ^0*^  author  giviee  a  pwaaskge  or  two 
of  polttio»,  and  theu  a  page  or  so  of  rata. 
j^^  i^  ..,  i,Aiiv,.t  lifir^fj  BUjoh  as  Dr.  Johnson 
V,  ;  ;  tior  i*  hie  hatred  cou- 

hi  Iverajiries.    He  evidently 

diHlik  (lists  and   SocialLsta,  aa  ain- 

cetvh  -rata.    **  Commnniam,  Social- 

ism, jiiid  lUtiam,"  he  Bays,  "  are  tenui 
syiionyiaous  ;"  but  this  is  not  the  part  of  ilia 
book  We  have  to  deal  with,  so  let  ua  pass  on 
from  what  he  hatea  to  what  he  admires. 
"  Now/'  he  Bays,  "  for  the  prolilio  dis?p<»itlon 
of  rata;*'  and  here  takes  an  opportunity  of 
sajring  the  beat  word  he  can  for  Ixie  fnenda 
the  ntt-oalehera— the  rat-killers — the  Napo- 
leons of  the  Termin  war — the  exterminators 
of  the  catohable  rata — the  Nimroda  of  the 
hunting  grounds  to  be  found  in  sewers  and 
oeliara,  and  under  bam  floors.  The  passage 
looks  very  like  an  Advertisement ;  but  since 
it  is  characteriatic,  and  sa  the  statements  are 
corioaft,  and  teally  not  without  importance, 
they  shall  be  here  quoted : — 

"Kow  for  their  prolific  disposition  I  In  thk 
ra^peec  I  have  been  most  ably  assiBtcd  by  the 
rsitotmrd  Jsmes  Shnw.  of  rat-kiUiug  celubrity^ 
l(»i  V I  L  bor  Tnvoni,  Bunhill  Row, 

I^  I  cannot  speak  too  highly 

ifji  v,uc  *.ivu,  otiiu|^iiiiurvrard,  and  animated  way 
in  which  he  communicated  crcry  iuformation  I 
desu^  Cariosity  prompt erl  mo  to  moke  in- 
qumes  raspeotlng  him*  and  I  find  him  to  be  a 
man  univensfiy  respected  for  his  manly  bearing 
and  refined  scoiimente  of  honour,  eoxisequentlyr  a 
man  whose  tasttmony  can  be  retied  upon.  I  have 
also  been  eupplisd  with  similar  information  tema 
Mr.  Bsbin,  of  rat-killing  renown,  residing  in  Broad 
Street,  SL  Giles's.  1%e«e  men  destroy  between 
eight  and  nine  thousand  each  annually,  averaging 
sevetitoen  thotuand  between  them.  We  will  now 
proceed  with  the  calcolatioDS.  In  the  first  place, 
my  informants  tell  me  that  mts  will  have  six. 
seven,  and  eight  nests  of  young  in  the  year,  and 
that  for  three  and  four  years  together :  secondly, 
that  they  will  hnTre  from  twelve  lo  twenty-three  at 
a  litAer.  and  that  the  young  ones  will  breed  at 
three  months  old ;  thirdly,  that  there  are  more 
fesaaXm  than  males,  at  sn  aversge  of  about  ten  to 
six.  Now,  I  propoes  to  lay  down  my  caleulationa 
at  BOBiething  lea  than  ooaJialt  In  4afit«t  pUce, 
I  say  (oiir  litters  in  the  year,  begmamg  and  ending 
with  a  litter,  so  making  thirteen  littec^  in  throe 
years;  secondly,  to  have  eight  young  ones  at  a 
birth,  half  male  and  half  temale ;  thirdly,  tbc 
young  ones  to  have  a  litter  at  sz  months  old. 
At  this  calculation,  I  will  take  one  pur  of  mts ; 
and  at  the  expiration  of  three  years  what  do  you 
suppose  will  be  the  amount  of  hviag  rats  1  Why, 
no  lesa  a  number  than  aa  nuimRED  afd  voarr- 

St5    THOOSAJfO    EIGHT  HTTXDHSD   AKD    HOHT  I      Mr. 


Siittw*  littlo  dog  *Tvay.^  imJer  sir  pounds  weight, 

\«id  TWOTtt  vB  Buienasn  kxu 

,E,  pain  of  .  <.  had  they  beeu 

pciiuittca  to  live,  would,  ^t  the  same  oalcidatioUf 

(lud  in  the  same  tame,  have  produood  oac  TBOU- 

>-        -    TIURDRED  AJrn   TStRTT-TBimi    Ua2Jia93, 
L  a«D      A¥D     itisrrt      TBOCTASfD.      TWO 

(ivingrats  !  And  the  rats  dcstroywl  by 
Meaam.  Shaw  and  Sabin  tn  two  yeoi^  amounting 
to  sgyPTEJca  THOT7M2a)  piiin,  would,  had  they 
been  permitted  to  live,  have  produced,  at  th^ 
above  ealoolation,  and  m  the  ssme  time,  no  less  a 
number  than  ten  thousand  ntnz  Hmmaxn  Ann 

NiyiTY-PIVB      lULLlONS,       SCTIN      HUSDaKD      AJTD 

THiBTT'Six  THon&AiTD,  hvmg  rats  !  Now,  let  us 
calculate  the  amomit  of  human  food  that  they 
would  destroy.  In  the  first  place,  my  informants 
tell  me  that  sir  rats  v.  ''  Viy  by  day  as 

much  food  as  a  man  ;  ^^  thing  hss 

been  tested,  and  that  u. -  .  „:.  ^  ,  »u  was,  that 

eight  rats  would  consume  more  than  an  oixilnary 
man.  Now,  I — to  place  the  thing  beyond  the 
smallest  diadow  of  s  doubt — will  set  down  ten 
rata  to  eat  as  much  as  a  man,  not  a  child  ;  nor 
will  I  ssy  anything  sbout  what  rata  waste.  And 
what  shall  we  find  to  be  the  alarming  result  I 
Why,  that  the  fij«t  pair  of  cafa^  with  their  three 
years'  progeny,  would  oonsiiroe  in  the  night  more 
food  than  sutrr-rotTB  tdoubaxd  six  bdkdrbd  ajxh 
SGBTT  men  the  year  round,  and  leaving  eight  rats 
to  spare  !  And  the  xata  destroyed  by  the  little 
wonder  '  Tiny.'  had  they  been  permitted  to  Hve, 
would,  at  tho  same  calculation,  with  their  three 
years*  progeny,  have  consumed  ss  much  food  as 

OITB  HtJVDBSO  AITO  BIXTT-THBMS  MILUONS,  TKBEK 
HTnCPRKD  A3fD  irEVBTUlf  THOOTASTD   AND    TWfSTT 

men  ;  above  two-thirds  the  population  of 
Europe  I  !  " 

Here  we  come  to  the  great  glory  of  oar 
authora  thoughts.  After  its  master,  the 
rat-catcher  of  "manly  bearing  and  refined 
sentimenta  of  honour,"  "Tiny"  is  his  true 
hero.  Eclipse  might  lord  it  at  Epsjom  or 
Newmarket  ;  Tom  Thumb  might  trot  to 
renown  at  sixteen  miles  an  hour,  but  what 
was  that  compared  with  the  triumphs  of 
Tiny  1 — the  killer  of  rata  who  might  have 
had  a  family  capable  of  eating  (if  they  had 
found  it)  as  much  victuals  or  more  than 
one  huntbed  and  sixty  millions  of  men  ?  Our 
writer  proposes  a  solid  gold  collar  testimonial 
for  the  "^ood  "  dog  Tiny,  to  be  raisetl  by  pub- 
lic sul>scnption.  But  tkat  would  be  a  paltry 
return  for  such  great  services.  Tiny's  I'enown 
hfts  him  above  such  mei-ceuary  rewards. 

More  wonders  are  in  store  t — 

"  Now  for  the  vermin  destroyed  bv  Messrs.  Shaw 
snd  Babin.  Taken  at  the  same  caJculstioo,  with 
their  three  years'  progeny — can  you  believe  it? — 
they  would  consume  more  food  than  the  whole 
population  of  the  earth.  Yes,  if  OmnipotsDoe 
would  raiee  up  ovE  htjkd&ed  akd  rwKSTt-mxE 

MILU0:!C8     FIYX     EUTrpaKO     ASS)     SBVKKTT-IHaXB 

THocsAJcn  Btx  KtTKDBXD  more  people,  theee  rats 
would  consume  as  much  food  ss  them  all  I !  You 
mfty  wonder,  but  I  will  prove  it  to  you." 

A  calculation — ^like  that  which  has  made  Tiny 
immortal — is  given,  and  then  the  reflection 
suooeeds,  "  Is  it  not  a  moat  appalling  thing 


If 


tl« 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


I 


* 


io  think  tlmt  there  are  at  the  present  time  in 
the  British  empire,  ihouwaJids,  nay  millions,  in 
a  wtnie  of  fitarvatioi^  wliilst  ruts  urt?  cou- 
Miming  that  which  would  i»laco  therrii  and 
Xht'ir  lamilles  in  a  gtate  nf  afflueiu^  and  com- 
fort ?  I  ftsk  this  8iiti]ik<  aut?8tion  (♦.'iiipha- 
ticidly  tfjiillnues  our  Rat  llatt i),  "  Han  not 
Parliajnent,  cm  now,  been  summoned  upon 
mjittera  of  far  less  imjKirl-aucc  to  the  Em- 
pire t     /  thiid-  it  hat" 

A  line  opening  thi»  for  an  oratorical  patriotf 
wliose  themt^s  are  worn  out.  An  a|,nUtion  for 
Hrot*«;tii*'n  a«*Ain8t  rnts  would  inevitahly  secure 
the  hearty  supfwrt  of  tho  agricwHural  interest. 

Enougli  lias  mi  rely  been  said  to  ehow  the 
invAt  importance  of  rats,  but  it  would  be 
wronc  to  leave  the  little  book  wliieh  has  sug- 
gest eu  this  nrtitde,  without  ph?iming  from  it 
a  few  rat-catching  stntistica,  and  without 
jMjiiitUig  out  the  moi^d  of  the  whole,bygiviuj^' 
the  writers  prctpo»ition  for  relieving  u»  from 
the  Rconrgp  tie  lieecribn.^.  It  seem^i  that  oue 
mt-eiitcher  has  frequently  fi^jra  one  tliousand 
five  hundretl  to  two  thouatmd  rat*  in  his  cast's 
at  on**  time^— it  is  not  stMfd.  bnt  wc«uppOMe — 
re«dy  it*  bi*  killed  by '*  Tiny,"  U  is  averred 
that  thesp  ore  all  brought  up  from  the  country 
— all  "fjur  barn  vMs  ' — am!  that  **it  wonM 
not  ]V*y  to  bived  them  '*— n  iijuestion  prolmbly 
op<?n  to  doubt.  Tlie  natund  enemiee  of  the 
rat  are  thus  mustered — the  ferret,  p<ileeat, 
iiUmt,  weasel,  cat,  dog:,  fl^nd  moit,  The  ten-et'a 
powers  of  destruction  are  estimated  very 
lightly  ;  tlie  |H>leeuta  aie  very  rare^  prefer 
pniue  when  it  eati  be  had,  and  do  little  ajj^aijist 
the  rat  ;  the  wensi4  also  prefem  a  chicken  or 
a  duckling  •*  to  ftLrldirijir'^^'ith  a  rat  for  ».  meal/* 
Hence  the  farmei^  tk^troy  thena,  aud  they  do 
little  against  the  rat.*.  Cats,  aft  a  nile^  prefer 
hcartli-iniga  ;  amJ  tiTips.  nnhs*  qnift  tittTy  and 
consequently  sweet  ami  free  from  the  firaell  of 
rata,  are  usele^n.  N*i  !  Tliere  i3  notliiog  in 
Nature  <-ajvjd»le  of  oiiving  the  nation  from 
rats,  hut  "  TiuieB." 

**  I  «lo  not  know  of  any  quadruped  equal  to  a 
AvcU'bj'ed  Loujuu  terrier  for  fngncity,  oourago, 
idchty,  colour,  Kymmctry,  geneml  beauty,  and 
economy  :  in  a  wonl,  he  Hecms  in  every  roRpect 
foriued  by  nature  for  man's  compnuion  aud  pro- 
tector." 

With  a  fine  burst  of  eloqiieuce,  the  author 


^ 


*'  Are  rat8  a  calamity  to  be  deplorcdi  or  are  they 
not  I  The  voices  of  religion  and  patriotiuu  cry 
wiUi  Btentorian  hings,  '  Yw  ! ' — ^the  voico  of  phi- 
loath  ropy  cries,  '  Down  with  them  !  down  with 
every  bunier  and  anniliilate  them  I' — tho  fainting 
etontacha  of  tliounmda  of  our  Rtarriiig  fellow- 
creataroi!  at  home  aud  in  the  sistei^cotmtry,  with 
the  Rgonieed  boweU  of  their  withered  oflkpring 
writhinfj  beneath  the  nithle«8  fangs  of  himger, 
ehnek  forth  with  horrid  velU  for  their  eztermi- 
nation  !  ! 

Our  friend  then  takeii  a  higher  flight,  and 
disctissep,  with  equal  fervour  and  more  notes 
of  admirntion.  the  qiie«tion  whether — on 
lhe<.>logicad  grounds — man  haK  a  ris^ht  to  kill 


these  ereatnreB,  even  thoogh  they  be  mU. 
Bnt  he  eoan  into  audi  altitude«  of  rhetorical 
theology,  that  we  dare  not  follow  him.  He 
diamiaaes,  in  the  fMime  futragraidi,  sereraJ 
remediea  fnr  raU,  with  n  brevity  alm(.»st 
.•lavouring  of  contempt ;  eliding  giiu-efuH 
from  theoloiry  to  arwnic  and  other  ]>oison« 
returns,  witli  a  gn&h  of  enthuaium*  to  hia 
refrain.  "Tiny/^ 

The  breed  of  amall  t«rrie»  of  the  Tinr 
breed  muat  be  increaaed.  "I  do  not  mean*^* 
he  saya,  "  the  little  pigmy,  flworf  terrier  j 
they  are  tantamount  to  lueleaB,  even  where 
'they  are  well  bred,  not  having  strength 
enough  for  hunting.  A  dog,  to  bo  of  aoumt 
aervice,  ought  to  be  from  aix  to  Hixtoen 
pounds  weiftht ;  I  would  not  recommend 
them  over  that,  as  they  become  too  largo 
and  unwieldy  for  the  purixiee,  and  too 
expensive  keepmg:  besides,  little  doga  will 
Idll  mice  aa  well  aa  rata,  and  that  is  a  ^reat 
recommendation,  I  would  also  recommend, 
above  tdl  others,  the  London  rat-killing 
terrier  ;  he  is  aa  hard  aa  stoel,  conrageoua  aa 
a  lion,  and  9»  handsome  aa  a  racehorse  :  the 
village  dogs,  on  the  otlier  hand,  are,  generally, 
BpcaKing,  too  large,  too  coarse,  and  tr>o  soft. 
\ou  ought  to  be  a«  piirticular  about  breeding 
terriera  aa  they  are  with  iMcehorsea." 

The  writer  BUggcata  the  alxjlltiou  of  the 
duty  upon  nit-catching  terriers  of  the  "Tiny" 
family ;  that  associations  ahould  be  encou- 
raged in  the  rural  parts  of  lujgland  for 
the  promolioti  of  I'at'-catching  in  all  its 
branchea ;  that  the  bo«liea  of  the  vermin  be 
aol<l  for  manuri' :  and  lastly  that  rewai'ds  b«_ 
given  to  the  ■_  -  I  lers. 

Literature  i    fii*l  la   last, 

strengthened  \>y  rtcruit*  from  nearly  every 
class ;  but  till  now  we  know  of  no  volunteer' 
who  haa  enlisted  under  her  banner  from  the 
ranks  of  rat-cntching.  We  know  not  if 
the  iiublication  that  has  aiforded  a  text 
for  thin  article  will  effectually  augment  the 
exterminators  of  the  rat-trihte ;  but  this 
19  certain,  that,  rat-killer  though  ita  writer 
be,  lie  has  produced  between  forty  and 
fifty^  pfl-R<?5i.  in  which,  though  there  may 
be  much  comical  exaggeration,  there  arc, 
neverthelesfl,  matiy  curious  facta  and  su^gea- 
tions  for  abating  one  of  the  greatest  animal 
nuisances  that  have  infested  our  homes  and 
fields,  aince  the  daya  when  an  Eogliah  king 
levie«l  tribute  of  wolves*  heads  Ufion  our 
brethren  of  Wales. 


THE   HOUSEHOLD   HAEEATIYR 

ma  lh€  Ikeemhrr  Jfnfftnnu  w4R  it  pMiMhtd,  jiritt  td. 

TBI 

JANUARY,    fEBRUARY.  AND    MARCH  NUMKRf 
Afuttm  th4  1#»  iy/Janwiry,  18S1,  vill  ht  fmMMei, 

THE    FIRST    VOLUME. 

Bdnif  ft  c^mpl^t'*  And  cafefiilty^iretrtod  Avxcai.  Hrjiiwtn 
op  Public  Oaurrvncc*,  In  crery  part  ot  tl)«Glul>e,  durlaf 
(bo  jcar  iHfiO. 


r«bli*t«   mi  Uif  omm,  aa.  14  WtlllMtK  tuw  Nona.  IfiMiA,  riMai  Ir  SftAMtn  a  Btam, 


•*  Familmr  in  their  Mouth*  ai  HOUSEHOLD  l^'OBPS."— sbaem«4m. 


HOUSEHOLD    WORDS. 


A    WEEKLY    JOURNAL; 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


Tx^m 


SATURDAY.  NOVE&IBER  30.  1S50. 


[PaicK  3d: 


* 


I 


MB.  BOOLEY'S  VIEW 

or  THIS  LAST  LORD  MAYOR'S  SHOW. 

Mr.  Boolbt  baying  been  much  excited  by 
the  accounts  in  the  newspapen,  informing  the 
public  that  the  eminent  Mb.  Battt,  of  Awey*8 
Amphitheatre,  Westniinster  Bridge  Boad, 
lAmlieth,  would  inTent,  arrangef  and  manhal 
the  Frooesaion  on  Lord  Mayor's  Day,  took 
occamon  to  aimounc«  to  the  Social  Ofstera 
that  be  intended  to  be  present  at  that  great 
national  spectacle.  Mr.  Boolet  remarked 
that  into  wliatever  regions  he  eiEtoided  his 
travels,  and  howerer  wide  the  range  of  his 
experience  became,  he  still  founds  on  repairing 
to  Astley's  Amphitheatre,  that  he  hau  much 
to  learn.  For,  he  always  observed  within 
klune  walla,  some  extraordinary  costume  or 
curious  weapon,  or  some  appsrently  una(>- 
eountable  manners  and  customs,  which  he  had 
pireTioiisly  associated  with  no  nation  upon 
earth.  Thus,  Mr,  Boolkt  said,  he  had  ac- 
quired a  knowledge  of  Tartar  Tribes,  and  also 
<a  Wild  Indiana,  and  Chinese,  which  had 
mt^Cy  enlizhtened  him  as  to  the  habits  of 
thom  singumr  races  of  men,  in  whom  he 
ohierred.  as  peculiarities  common  to  the 
wliolts  that  they  were  always  hoarse  ;  that 
they  took  equestrian  exercise  in  a  most  irra^ 
tional  manner,  riding  up  staircases  and  pre- 
dpices  without  the  least  neoestf^;  that  it 
was  impossible  fbr  them  to  dance,  on  any 
joyful  occ^Lsion,  without  keeping  time  with 
their  forefingers,  erect  in  the  neigblwurhood 
of  their  ears  ;  and  that  whenever  their 
castles  were  on  fire  (a  calamity  to  which  they 
were  particularly  subject)  numbers  of  them 
immediately  tumbled  down  dear],  without 
receiving  any  wound  or  blow,  while  others^ 
previoumy  distiiigutfihed  in  war,  fell  an  easy 
^rey  to  the  comic  coward  of  the  opposite 
taction,  who  was  usually  armed  with  a  strange 
instrument  resembling  an  enormous,  supple 
dgar. 

For  such  reasons  alone,  Mr.  Boolet  took  a 
lively  interest  in  the  preliminary  announce 
menta  of  the  last  Lord  Mayor's  Show  ;  but, 
when  he  understood,  besides,  that  the  Sliow 
was  to  be  an  Allegory,  devmed  by  the  ingenious 
Mb-  Battt,  in  conjunction  with  the  Lord 
Mayor,  ha  a  kind  of  practical  riddle  for  all 
beholdora  to  make  guesses  At,  he  hired  a 
window  in  the  moit  eligible  part  of  the  line 


of  march,  resolved  to  devote  himself  to  tlia 
discovery  of  its  meaning. 

The  result  of  Mr,  Boolet's  meditation  on 
the  Allegory  which  passed  before  his  eyes  on 
the  ninth  of  the  present  month,  was  given  to 
the  Social  Oysters,  in  the  form  of  a  report, 
emanating  directly  and  personally  from  liim- 
self,  their  Presidejit.  We  have  been  favoured 
with  a  copy  of  the  document,  and  also  with 
j>ermissiou  to  make  it  public ;  a  pemnssion  of 
which  we  now  proceed  to  avail  ourselves. 
Those  who  have  any  acquaintance  with  Mr. 
BooLEY,  will  be  prepared  to  learn  that  the 
real  intent  and  meaning  of  the  Allegory  has 
been  entirely  missed,  except  by  bb  sagacious 
and  original  mind.  We  need  scarcely  observe 
that  its  obviousness  and  simplicity  must  not 
be  allowed  to  detract  from  the  merit  either  of 
Mb.  Boolet  or  of  Ma.  Battt,  or  of  the  liord 
Mayor.  It  is  in  the  essence  of  these  things 
that  they  ghotUd  be  obvious  and  simple,  when 
the  clue  is  once  found. 

**  At  an  early  hour  of  the  morning,"  says 
Mr.  Boolet, — "  for  I  observe,  in  the  newB- 
papers,  that  when  any  public  spectacle  takes 
place,  it  always  begins  to  take  place  at  an 
early  hour  of  the  morning — I  stationed  myself 
at  the  window  which  had  been  engaged  for 
me.  I  will  not  attempt  to  describe  my  feelings 
on  looking  down  Cheapeide.  I  am  conscious 
of  havingthought  of  Whittington  and  his  cat, 
and  of  Hogarth's  idle  and  industrious  ap- 
prentice— also  of  the  weather,  which  was 
extremely  fine. 

'*  When  the  Pi^ocesaion  began,  Avith  the 
Tallow  Chandlers'  Company,  succeeded  by 
the  Under  Beadle  of  the  Worshipful  Company 
of  Tallow  Chandlers,  walking  alone,  as  a 
Being  so  removed  and  awfid  should,  tears  of 
solemn  pleasure  rose  to  my  eye«  ;  but,  I  am 
not  aware  that  I  then  suspected  any  latent 
meaning  in  particular.  Even  when  the 
*  Beadle  of  the  Tallow  Chandlers'  Company  in 
his  gown,*  caused  the  vast  asBemblit^  to  hold 
its  breath,  and  sent  a  thrill  through  all  the 
multitude,  I  believe  I  only  regarded  him  as 
the  eniiucnt  Beadle  in  question,  and  not  as  a 
symbol.  The  appearance  of  *  The  Captain  and 
Lieutenant  of  the  Band  of  Pensioners,*  and 
also  of  a  Band  of  Pensioners,  each  carrying  a 
Javelin  and  Shield,  atniek  mo  (thoagh  the 
band  wbs  by  no  means  numerous  enough)  as 
a  happy  idea,  emblematic  of  those  bulwark! 


TOL.     IL 


%^ 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


[Condartcdtqr 


of  our  oomrtitnticm,  the  Pcnsioii-Liflt,  Places, 
and  SinecureB ;   but,  it  was  not  until   *  two 
jingca  beai-ing  fl&mbeaox  filled  with  bunuiifj^ 
mccnso>'  prcce'ied  a  youBg  ladv  'attired  in  n 
wbiU»  satin  Jvbe  Aiid  mou&tEiid  on   a  wliiLe 
palfrey/  that  the  joint  idea  of  Mr.  Battt  aiirl 
tlie  Lord  Mayor  buret  upon  me.     I  wi  " 
earptttiftte  on  the  pleasure  with  whicl\  T  i 
ray  disco  very  confinned  by  ©very  wu-o 
object.     I  will  cndeavonrto  nfMe  tL      1  ;, 
you  in  a  tranquil  nm"'!"'  "v-]  to  do  juiUi,<j  Ui 
Mr,  Battt  and  th<  .  tr, 

"The  Tallow  C1i  «  Vnnp.'^nv."  Mb, 

Boo  LET:' proceeds,  "  with  their  Uii-1       ' 
lUHJ  Deadle,  I  found  to  be  the  I'epr 
of  noxious  trades  and  unwholesome  t^uidifr ; 
lit    present    very   rife    withiji   the   City    of 
London,  but  ahortly  to  diBfq>pe£a'  before  the 
peuitcnt  exertions  of  the  CorjKjration.     The 
l^md  of  P         .         .  :  - 1  javelins  and  ahielda, 
were  cle  <  >i  interested  in   the 

miviutenxtii. .    m  >>....  ...udancea,  though  pow- 

vt\t'HA  cither  k>r  attack  or  defence,  and  only 
foUo\vtn£[  thofie  Bouroee  of  disease  and  death 
into  oblivion.  The  burulug  incynae,  I  need 
not  observe,  wa^  used  to  purity  and  die- 
iufecfc  the  foul  air  beCjre  the  uppeorance 
of  tli«  Goddesa  H.tq£1a  (called  Peace  in  tlie 
prognuume,  that  the  Allegory  might  not  be 
loo  obvious),  who  was  very  prcmorly  rop-e- 
Bonted  with  a  spotlasa  dress,  ana  riding  on  a 
fli^otlevB  palfrey.  It  was  a  happy  pai't  of 
tiiia  thoughtful  fancy,  thiit  the  civic  authori- 
ties, and  the  Aldermen  in  their  eanii^es, 
had  ^rone  before  ;  Mr,  Battt  and  the  l2rd 
Mayor  being  flensible  that  until  those  di** 
tumuished  functionaries  had  moved  on  a  little^ 
axul  been  sot  out  of  the  way,  the  appearanee 
of  the  Goddeas  of  Health  could  not  {Kiesibly 
l>e  expected. 

"  Tne  Goddeas,  tlmt  distin^ished  stnui^r," 
Mr.  Boolkt  coes  on  to  say.  ^^  havin>^  been 
received  by  tiie  City  of  London  wiUi  loud 
acclaniMlonS;  and  having  been  most  eagerly 
and  eutiiuidaiitiGally  weloomed  by  the  multi- 
iudea,  who  were  to  be  seen  squeezed  into 
court*,  byewaya,  aiui  oeUare,  cave  place  to  *  The 
Horse  of  Em-ope  ; '  in  whicn  generous  quad- 
ruped I  perceived  a  pledge  and  promise  on 
the  part  of  the  Corporation,  that  filled  me 
with  the  liveliefit  emotions.  For,  not  to  dwell 
upon  tho  significant  fia^ct  that  the  body,  which 
it  is  my  welcome  function  to  commend  »o 
highly,  paraded,  on  this  solemn  occasion,,  a 
Horse,  and  not  a  Ponkey — Avhie^  is  in  it«elf 
worthy  of  observation  :  the  City  having,  very 
jx<equeatly  heretofore,  made  a  surpaisiug  show 
of  Donkeys  when  the  Public  Heoltii  has  been 
under  discusfdon — ^I  had  only  to  refer  to 
BuFjfov,  to  strengthen  my  sense  of  the  uapot^- 
tanoe  of  this  beautiful  symbol,  'fiors^' 
tCi^  be^  *are  gentle,  and  theli'  tempers  social ; 
they  seldom  show  tlieir  ardour  and  strength 
by  any  othor  sign  than  emiilation.  They  en- 
deavour to  be  foremost  iutije  course."  And 
a^oin^  *  They  renounce  their  very  beinif  for 
tfie  aervioe  of  man,'    And  agairi,  'Their  man- 


ners all 
tion."  .\ 
gl.„ 

firinatii'i 
perr>etij 


<lc]>t?n<l   on   their  educar 

\  Inifx-  i):ihir,'i1t'\'  morose, 

of  iho 

"f  con- 
of  tlie  humours, 
it^titity  tlum  tho 
Itl  be  taken 
a^l,  vicious, 
^  mad  horses.* 
r  illuati'ated  the 


of 

truth, 
upon 


uiu:....   .  V  '.,.. 

Mayor.    The 
to  show  its  a] 

in  all  eflTorts  for  the  public  gocxl,  :i 
don  all  other  coDsidemtioBs  to  1 1 
man,    Further,  it  r 
that  the  manners 

their  education  ;  a:ii«  I  ibat  gloomy,  morose, 
or  otherwise  ill-'oouditioned  parents  will  pei^ 
petuate  an  ill-conditioned  and  eonBtaiitl|r 
degenerating  luce  ;  irksome  to  itself  and  daa- 
geroiia  to  all.  Hencfi^  it  proixuaed  to  cxtfmd, 
bv  fill  possible  mesooB,  >«iiMDg  Ike  poor,  Hm 
bieflflanga  of  Ucht,  aii^  nlmnlitiiwa,  and  Inalonio- 
tion  ;  and  no lozig«r  to  enforce  filtli,  squalor, 
ill'health,  and  ignora&ce,  upon  thousands  of 
God's  oreatureai.  I  was  particularly  struck," 
Mr,  Boolet  TemarkiaL,  ''by  this  beautifiil 
part  of  the  Allegory,  and  shall  ever  regard 
Mr,  Battt  and  tlie  Lord  Mayor  with  afeming 
of  personal  affection. 

"  The  Home  of  Europe  whb  followed  by  the 
Camel  of  Aai^.  And  difficult,  indeed,  it 
would  have  beam,"  ttys  He*  Boolet,  *'to  have 
presented,  next  yt!  or^hiv  ahj  animal  more 
Micitoualy  cazrvi:  le  general    idaa. 

For,  the  impQiBfflbil  \  ^  ']>le  being  heahhy 
and  dean  without  a  good  aiid  cheap  emppfy 
of  water,  must  be  aa  obvioua  to  the  nuwDeii 
capacity,  as  even  the  dearaesa,  bad  qualify 
and  insufficient  quantity,  oftheprasent  wimkf 
of  water  in  Ixmdon.  I  therefore  consider 
that  an^rthing  hap|nar  than  the  exhibition  at 
this  pomt  of  an  animal  who  is  vit)  '  'r  h 
a  subtle  inward  maohaniem  £ar  >  b 

first  necessary  of  life — who  is  fi  ti» 

I    may    aay,    with    an    iuexpen-  r 

Worka   of  it«    own — was   one   o\  ^at 

agreeable  and  pointed  illuafaratioits  ever 
presented  to  a  populace.  I  oonarder  it  a 
stroke  of  geitiua,  and  beg  thus  pubholy  to 
tender  the  poor  tinliate  of  my  warmest 
a^ixuiration  to  Mb.  £Anrr  &nd  the  Liord 
Mayor. 

"After  the  Camel  of  Aaia^  came  the 
Elephant  of  AMcn.  I  found  ^iia  idea,  like- 
wise, veiy  pleasant.  The  eaKquisite  scent 
possessed  by  the  elephant  rendered  it  out  of 
the  question  that  he  could  have  bepi^  nn  ulured 
at  an  earlier  stage  of  the  Proa&«  ^te 

Tullow-Chandlers,  with  their  Unu  s, 

Beadles,  and  Band  of  Penaionest,  might  have 
roused  him  to  a  state  of  fury«  Therdbits,  the 
Civic  Dignifcaries  and  Aideimeti  (wiioae  nosce 
are  not  keen)  immediately  followed  that  ill- 
3aToiu*e(i  Company,  and  the  Elephant  tru 
reserved  until  now. 


a 


tTNTYERSmr  OMISSION  AND  OOlVOnsSION. 


210 


HIe  ea]i«city  of  mtellectunl  development  I 

^  uidua*ry,hia"] 
e  and   attaelu 

and   his   blind   i-eseutment  when 
J,  Loo  far  by  ill-usage,  rendered  him,  | 

beri-i^^  a  L#jucliiiig  Bymbol  of  the  great  English 
people ;  aiid  th»  ia«a  w»i*  still  fiirtlior  ex- 
jjr«a»ed  hy  his  ciinyi:  '  i  ^^  on  hi>  back, , 

exprmsivi?  of  their  •  lul  vul-n-.     In  f 

iradiir::c  nu  auiia&l  s(.>  >*';u    kiiowii   for   ita ' 
remojr  to  ciurtion,  aad  its  liking  lor  cl«^aii  | 
fM  V  ,.r  T '>r,,i,,..   T,l..,i:iuntly  but  I 
J   to  Sr'rk  ' 
iiiaji  ftMxl 
J  withiu  1'  and  par- 

k,  Tridi  a  ^   eye,  into 

' :  !-<l  .  :  ;  1  iliu  tiuuMkge  trade. 
l,       Ui:.   Booi^EHT    proceedfl, 
M  i' i)s  elephant  knew  bia  part 
\  ;iud   was  conscious  of  the 
on  his  back»  as  he 
I'l'vcying  the  crowd 


1 

<■- 
ex:  '• 

r 

I 

*•  iliiit  tht-  .' 
in  the  All 
nrhoh-  ^';.  ^ 

with! 


J>er- 
fer- 


"Thie,"   Ra>-3  Miu  Boolst,  in  coiiclnaiou, 
"U  tin-    AlLtrnry  tliot  wifcB  preftep''-^  ^•>  t^ie 
rd  Mayor'a  Bay,  fu  T 

I   the  satisiAction  of    —  g 

to  the  Social  Oysters.  I  deem  it  highly 
honrjnrnVile  to  the  new  Lord  Mayor,  whom  I 
a  pnwperouB  and  liappy  ttagn  ; 
a  vigorona  determination  to  do 
ijts  ijtiii  --t  t'  carry  out  the  needful  I'eformB, 
aij'l  r^iuicJy  the  cr>dng  eviU,  bo  ably  f^Laaced 
at,  I'V  liiuiiselft  on  tliis  auspicious  occaaiou.  As  I 
dined  in  tlie  Guildhidl  atter  the  show,  I  had 
the  honour  of  li^iviug  utterance  to  thtfie  wishea 
(but  not  witliin  Ida  beating)  aft^r  ilmiier ; 
whoii,  reinemVuerlng  thia  Allegory,  I  ^iiWned  a 
new  meaning  in  the  Loving  C^p,  aod  was 
dhanned  to  find  the  lirst  City  in  tfip  mnvorae 
bravely  devotinc  ita  charter  and  l  > 

the  weliare  of  the  oommunity^  and  y 

gheltering  itself  behind  them  as  an  imujunity 
from  the  plainest  human  reoponmbilitiefl,  I 
had  the  honour  and  pleasure  of  di '  '  Is 

lordi^hi j)"h  heiUth  in  a  bumper  of  vt  ^ 
wine  ;  and  1  should  have  oeen  hapiJ>  ^^  iiit*e 
«lrunk  to  Mb.  Battt  too,  if  his  health  had 
been  proposed,  which  it  was  not." 


'ii^ii'iiri      111' 


1 12,  Mil.  ILVTTY 

d  the  imposd- 
hite? 
lit  I 
n*niire  of 
tl     :  !  .      ry  :  in  perfect  h;  1  keeping 

w  J.  '_]}>.-  rest,  and  noint:__,  :  . .  liy  at  the 
n  '  'I  nf  an  absura,  a  mouatixiiia,  and  cruel 
Ml!     f  I  allude  to  the  'Two  Deer    of 

j\r.i  r         whose  horns  I  no  sooner  observed 
«lv  ]  r'u'j  along  Cheapside,  thau  I  immedi- 
I     fttelv  iiih  that  an  allnsion  waa  intended  to 
'     ami'thfield    Market.     The  little    play  »pon 
ord£,  in  which  it  was  candidly  admitted 
t  that   nuisance  was  Two  Dear  to  the 
*-    n    geiierally,  might    have    struck 
i>9,  aa  raifeher  too  obvious,  if  I  had 

h —  i  i^sad  to  be  hypercritical;   but,  the 

iolroduction  of  faomedl   beMits  among    the 

orowd  was  in  itaelf  an  AUe^on',  ao  pointed 

WBod  yet  so  ingadoni  and  complete,  that  I 

4lrilik  F  WW8  never  better  plokaed  in  my  life. 

• '  r  rejection,  I  discovered  a  still  more 

i  lid  delicate 'meanmg  in  tlie  exhibi- 

se  animals.    Their  tiaociation  with 

typified  the  constaiit  flight  and 

t   ^'oing  on    all    over   the  City,  and, 

,aO  over  the  M^Toj>olis,  on  market- 

.   while    their  easy  connection  in  the 

iold«r*s  mind  with  those  penode  of  English 

torv  when  it  wjib  a  iar  graatar  crime  t-u 

:  than  to  kill  a  man,  mflaotod  with 

y  on  the  obsolete  inhunaBity  ami 

Ti  that  oared  for  the 

f  beasts  nor  men,  in 

t  utch  at  an  old,  pcatilen- 


UNTYERSITY  OMISSION  AND 
COMMISSION. 

The  other  day  I  was  poriug  over  a  leader 
in  a  London  paper,  on  the  University  Boyal 
GommiaBion,  when  my  chambers  were  md- 
decly  invaded  by  a  jovial  old  gentleman  who 
had  intrusted  me  with  the  pleaaiug  task  of 
drawing  up  the  marriage  aettlement  of  hia 
second  daughter. 

He  ia  a  roay-faoed  elder,  who,  aiiiidat  all 
the  mififortuues  of  his  eailior  day^  baa  con^ 
trived  to  retain  possession  of  his  «pints  and 
of  a  certain  cheerful  and  iooose  way  of  re- 
jMrding  eveiy  event  that  has  befallen  him. 
Ittiahing  into  ray  rooms,  without  knocking,  he 
plunged  at  once  as  eacerl  '         '  i<.H5t  of 

U  niveraity  reform  and  v  nrd  to 

the  object  of  his  visit   iv   n    ms  u.Lu^ter 
were  destined  to  die  an  old  maid.     That 
was  hia  particular  craze  at  that  »»irii,vilnr 
juncture.    "I'll  t^ll  you  what  it 
claimed,  "  it  won't  do  any  longer.  i'^ 

is  past  for  itw  The  man  who  emei^gea  irom 
his  akna  mater  with  the  dead  lanBuagea  alette 
for  the  pnrpoae  of  etruggling  witn  the  living, 
breathing,  bustling,  bimetting  worKl,  ia,  at 
in  the  prtwent  day,  defencelesa,  as  if  he  irafit 
into  battle  with  a  rusty  aword." 

"Not  quite,"  I  ventnr  ^  '  — '-  "  ^^— ,' 
give  him  the  means  to  j  ^ 

weaTf'^""=  ■  ^'^'^Mch  are  hid  '...^..    ^^  .  I 

out  '  roucjh  knowledge  of 

men:     ^  ire  of  language  and  ^vi .f    e- 

matioa — with   the    means  of  reaaoning  and 
judging  correctly — ^may,  if  he  ohoosea, 
anythina:." 

'  So  he  may ;  but  'when  it  ia  too  late ; 
the  struggle  luia  commenced ;  when  he  lias  no 
time  to  do  tliaft  whiiih  onglit  to  have  beeo 


jnit  in  his  way  to  do  In  the  days  of  liig 
pupihvn^e,  \Vliy,  Sir  i^^' "^f'^ning  the  mimrnit 
of  rny  umliition,  jn  'ected  a  Fellow 

a  ! " 

It;  but  the  fact  i»  you  will  not 
uydtiistiiJia  this  question  nntil  j-ou  hear  my 
gtory.  Sotiif  cue  sketched,  the  other  day,  in  tv 
popular  periodical,  (I  siiRpect  it  waa  yon\  the 
Cfireer  of  a  neglitrent  dog  'who  neglected  his 
college  studies  ami  devoted  hi«titt<?ntiou  exclu- 
sively   to    collei['3   )>lcn.sujo.s,  and  wjus  mined 

a^^Co^dinLJly .    Jfj/  miafjr* ■  •  '•    '  • »  ocoaaiuued 

hy  HvuUin:.'^  myself  too  ;  of  the  at!- 

Tnntngca  otTered  at  the  '   i  . " 

**  Yon  threaded  your  way  so  far  into  the 
mazes  of  learning  that  you  found  you  oould 
not  extrii^ale  ytuirBelf  from  them  when  you 
entered  the  open  j^tlia  of  Life" 

"Precisely/' 

And,  witllout  fiiHher  ado,  the  old  ^ntlemim 
coinmcnccd,  in  flubetAQoe,  the  following  narra- 
tion : — 

"  My  father  was  a  highly  respectahle  wine- 
merchjait,  in  the  town  of  Mtidlxu'ou^h.  He 
commenced  in  quite  a  humble  way,  I  have 
been  t<.dd,  and  owed  hie  ri»e  in  life  to  hiii  own 
exertions.  In  ten  years  after  first  setting  up 
in  buBine*3,  he  had  realised  enough  to  marry 
on  ;  in  another  ten,  he  liad  hia  crest  and  hia 
villa  ;  in  ten  more,  he  waa  of  unqne«tionaT*le 
Norman  descent.  iSly  mother  considereii  he!-- 
BPlf  to  he  of  a  higher  fiuuily  than  my  father\ 
and  of  better  brtMi?ding,  and  waged  a  furioua 
war  of  ticowlB  and  frowns  against  certain 
manner*  and  cuHtoma  of  his  which  she  de- 
clnretl  to  be  more  Ijefittintj  a  shopkeeper  than 
a  ceiitleman  of  wealth  and  family, 

we  were  two  brothers.  Charles,  the 
younger,  was  to  be  a<lmitttvl  into  my  father's 
oMcc,  with  the  view  of  succeeding  him  in  the 
busiuesB,  which  wna  too  hicrative  to  be  suf- 
fered to  pans  entirely  out  of  the  family.  For 
me,  a  higher  destiny  waa  reserve<h  I  waa  to 
be  a  clfl«aical  acholai'.  What  my  father  of  all 
thinga  most  regretted  wm  that  he  ha-:l  not 
himself  received  a  clasBical  e^lucatiou.  1  htive 
known  hira,  indeed,  when  reading  a  sermon 
or  a  trciitise,  to  assume  a  puzzled  air,  as  if  he 
were  but  ill  at  ease  amongst  the  grammatical 
enpre^ion«  which  he  found  there^  I  wa*, 
therefore,  placed  under  a  dynaaty  of  tutors, 
from  an  idea  that  at  school  snilicient  pains 
were  not  expended  on  the  boys'  instruction. 
Under  their  excellent  system,  I  was  reading 
Thucydidea  in  the  original  Greek  before  I 
could  understand  Mrs.  Mai^kham  in  the  ori- 

S'nal  English  ;  and,  about  the  time  that  my 
ther  forbade  my  looking  at  the  new8]Mipera 
on  account  of  the  immoralities  which  some- 
times crept  into  the  police  reporta,  I  waa 
deeply  read  in  the  Iofcs  of  the  heathen  Gods 
and  Goddesaea. 

*' '  Excellent !  excellent ! '  mv  father  would 
uoraetimes  cry  ont,  when,  on  liia  aaking  me 
what  author,  or  whose  life  I  had  been  reading, 
I  came  out  with  some  imconimonly  hard 


That  of  HeliDffabalaa,  I  rcmemlj^r,  panicn- 
larU'  T.lr.'>o^.i   Tii'f,,,    *Leeliu>^   ■■»»    ''•• '-*ijp 

aiii]  i  age  I     iy<-  ,,h  ] 

V»-i '  :_  ■  ■.       "     i,cntt;rtAiiiiii_  ■     ■        .   .  :.ike 


yourself  acquainted  with  their  writings  hy  ail 
means.'  I  nelieve  that  the  jvnir  innn  hjul 
fitted  np  a  pimorama,  on  a  ^^  in  his 
own  mind,  in  which  I  was  n  .  na  the 
bean  ideal  of  a  achohir,  my  truasL  covured 
with  medids,  and  my  haii<Js  covered  with  ink. 
I  should  be  the  hor>e  of  the  family.  I  should 
be  one  day  a  leacting  man  in  Hfud borough^ 
and  qnote  Horace  to  enraptured  vestry- 
meetings,  I  sfaouhl  overwhelm  theobnoxlooB 
Itobinson,  who  liad  lon^  been  the 
bear  of  my  father's  politfcal  and  munlci] 
exiBtence,  inasmuch   as   he    belaboured       

Enmmelled  him  with   quotations   from    the 
iiitin  poetfl,  which  my  father,  fiT>m  not  un- 
derstanding, wa-s,   of   course,  unable  to  re- 
ply to. 

•*  I  remember  very  well  the  day  on  whii^h  I 
fii-at  went   up  to  Cambridge.     I   liad   been 
cnunraed  like  a  tm*koy-c<>ck  up  to  the  very 
night  before,  and  waa  filled  ahiiost  1^)  Inirstii^g 
with  the  namea  of  ancient  towiv-riTid  intiirnjoa 
of  Jupiter,  which  they  hud  t  la 

me  contain.     When  I  h>oke«i  .r, 

and  recollected  that  that  wa«  (.ho  very  iijim 
whc»ge  er|il-»its  I  had  read  of  in  tho  Calenrlar, 
my   knees   knocked   togetlll^^,  and  my  hair 
st<KM.l  on  end.    I  could  liave  fallen  down  and 
worflhipp<»d  a  Senior  Medallist  I    Howewr — 
courage  !     In  three  yeat»— my  mother  awd — 
I  should  be  one  too. 

•^I  believe  that  no  man  could  biive  read 
hartler  than  I  did  during  my  college  course. 
My  father    insisted    upon  my  having  two 
private  tutors,  a  mathematical  and  a  cla^ioal 
one,  for  nn  hour  a  day  each.    I  was  up  early, 
and  in  beii  late  ;  I  never  wasted  my  time  in 
ufseless  jntrBuita,  in  biUtard-rooma   or  card- 
parties,  m  empty  conversation,  or  in  attending 
college   lectures.    For  my  private  tutors  1 
paid  the  sum  of  one  hundr&ii  and  Pixty-two 
pounds    a-yrnr    --  -  ^-    •      --     n   pounds  m 
lenn  and  thii  Lig  Vacatioa 

to  my  matheiu.*.-.^...  .i.  .  ,  ...... .  vt-ntypoimdi 

a  term  and  thirty  pomids  for  the  L«ing  Vaca- 
tion to  my  claasi'cal  tutor.  My  father  never 
grtjdged  the  expense  in  the  leoat ;  he  was 
well  content  that  I  should  be  deluged  with 
that  which  he  so  much  regrett^  not  having 
had  forced  upon  him  tn  Jhia  own  youth.  I 
lielieve  that  I  was  always  naturally  of  a 
cheerful  disposition,  but  it  must  be  confeseed 
that  all  this  load  of  mythology  and  antiquity 
weighed  down  upon  me  like  Etna  tijion  the 
imprisoned  Tynhon.  I  saw  little  beyond  the 
uudeaned  windows  of  my  room,  but  beinfl'  of 
a  strong  frame  and  stlU  stronger  reaolutioUi 
determined  to  persevere. 

'*  I  remember  that  an  effort  wai  at  one  time 
mtuh  by  a  very  steady  and  respectable  young 
miiii,  who  occupied  the  adjoining  Dioms,  to 
get  up  what  he  called  some  *  EngliKh  literary 
readings,'  of  an  evening.    They  were  to 


CUffMtMtaH-i 


UNIVERSITY  OMISSION  AKD  COMMISSION. 


221 


metice  witli  selections  from  the  works  of 
Chancer,  Spenser,  and  the  Eli2abethan  dra- 
mati«t8,  ana  we  were  to  reaci  in  turufi,  aloud, 
each  taking  a  certain  number  of  lines.  I 
£m^uent«d  them  for  some  time,  but  the 
histoiy  and  literature  of  the  period  and 
counttj  were  qa  strange  to  me  (and  I  think 
to  several  of  the  others)  as  if  we  had  been 
reading  about  China.  I  thereii>re — ^principally 
upon  the  advice  of  my  tutor — discontinued 
my  fttt<?ndance.  *  You  have  been  sent  here,* 
wd  my  tutor  to  me,  *  solely  with  the  view  of 
learning  I^atin,  Greek,  and  Mathematics.  Of 
what  use  will  it  be  to  you,  at  present,  to 
know  about  Edward  the  Third,  or  Henry  the 
£ighth  1  You  will  not  be  asked  tlieae  things 
when  you  go  into  your  examination.  There 
will  be  plenty  of  time  for  all  this,  when  you 
leave  College/  Hia  remarks  carried  the 
more  weight  from  his  not  being  one  of  those 
who  g:ive  advice  without  fuUowinc;  it,  and  I 
conscieutioualy  acquit  him  of  all  Kuowle<%e 
either  of  Edward  the  Third,  or  Henry  the 
iaghth. 

"  I  jdmost  wish,  now,  that  I  had  been  a  wild 
young  fc'llow,  not  only  on  other  aceounts,  but 
that  1  Uiight  entertain  you  with  a  recital  of 
the  steeple-chaisea  that  I  rode  and  the  hearts 
that  I  tn-oke.  The  life  of  the  student  ia 
usually  destitute  of  incident,  of  intri^e,  of 
duelling,  of  seductions,  of  debaucherj',  of 
delightful  and  interesting  topics,  in  a  word. 
It  ia  a  smooth  uurulHed  surCice,  rising  up  into 
a  waterspout,  or  roaring  down  in  a  cataract, 
only  at  the  epoch  of  a  Prize  Ode,  or  a 
SchoUrsliip  examination.  I  dined  with 
Horace,  and  snpped  with  Homer;  I  pored 
over  the  historiana,  and  kindled  with  enthu- 
siasm  at  the  speeches  of  Pericles,  whenever 
ho  hi^f^Koed  to  make  one  that  did  not  contain 
4  rwy  large  admixture  of  particles  find  ir- 
reffolar  verbs.  I  could  have  conducted  an 
AOieman  law-suit  long  before  I  knew  the 
ordlnaiT  forms  of  an  English  one,  and  should 
perhaps  have  invested  any  money  that  might 
nave  been  left  me  with  greater  pmdeuce,  and 
better  knowledge  of  the  rate  of  interest,  at 
Corintli  th.on  at  Manchester. 

**  Not  to  be  tedious,  at  the  end  of  my  twelve 
terms  I  took  an  excellent  degree  j  not,  per- 
luips,  quite  so  high  as  I  might  have  wished, 
but  still  Rulficienuygood  to  entitle  me  to  look 
forward  to  a  fd^lowship  at  the  end  of  three 
years.  I  confess,  that  the  idea  of  spending 
ihrte  more  whole  years  secluded^  as  it  were, 
from  the  world,  and  kneendeep  in  the  ruins  of 
Home  and  Athena,  would  have  proved  in- 
supportable to  me  had  it  not  been  for  my 
fitther,  who  on  this  point  was  inexorable. 
My  disfjuAt  was  heightene<l  by  the  situation 
in  which  I  now  found  myself  and  which  I 
must  expbdn  in  a  few  words. 

"AlKHit  this  time,  I  fell  in  love.  It  was  a 
Tery  simple  affitir,  without  any  romance  alx)ut 
Ik  My  classical  tutor.  Mr.  Smith,  had  three 
aaught«rS|  Hecln,  Phyllis,  and  Astart^^  I  met 
them  for  the  first  time  at  the  ball  which  my 


tutor  gave  at  the  end  of  every  term,  when 
more  tlian  two  hundred  persons  were  called 
upon  to  enjoy  themselves  and  to  perspire,  in 
tliree  little  rooms,  each  about  twelve  feet  by 
six.  I  did  not  danoe — no  more  did  Astart^ ; 
we  sat  upon  an  ottoman  together,  and  talked 
about  the  Brown  Medal.  She  was  very 
talented,  and  the  favourite  of   her  father, 

*  That  girl,*  he  used  to  say,  *  can  construe  the 
Lyaistrata '  of  Aridtophanes  as  well  as  I  can. 
And  as  for  her  Greek  Odes — Stop  !  here  are 
half-a-dozen ;  sit  down,  and  I  'U  re^'ul  them  to 
you/  On  ttus  evening  commenced  an  ao» 
quaintance,  which,  through  the  kind  offices 
of  Mrs.  Smith,  ripened  into  a  closer  connec- 
tion. Perhaps,  instead  of  saying  that  I  fdl 
over  head  and  ears  in  love,  it  would  be  more 
correct  to  state  that  I  was  gently^  pushed  in 
by  Mrs.  Smith,  who  kept  watcli  on  the  bank 
to  see  that  I  did  not  struggle  out  again.  She 
thought  it  prudent  that  tne  affiur  should  be 
concealed  from  my  father  at  present  ;  it  was, 
however,  tolerably  well  known  to  my  few 
undergraduate  acquaintance.  *  What !  *  cried 
out  one  of  them  to  me  one  day,  '  so  you  hX9 
hooked  in,  are  you  T  *  '  No  !  *  I  replied, 
smilLug  at  what   I   thought    his  ignonrooe^ 

*  ]jierce«l  with  a  dart,  you  mean.  Yoti  have 
mistakcji  your  metiphor — Cupid  is  never 
representee!  to  us  by  the  ancieuts  n»  armed 
with  anything  but  a  bow  and  arrow.*  fiut  at 
this  he  ouly  laughed  the  more. 

"  We  had  not  been  engaged  long,  when  Mr* 
Smith  obtained  a  living  at  some  distance  froiu 
the  University.  Astart^  and  I  bade  each  other 
farewell  at  a  little  hot  supper,  and  wept  very 
much.  We  were  to  love  each  other  like 
Hero  and  Leandei*,  and  to  correspond  by  the 
twopenny  post.  I  was  to  go  down  and  \isit 
them  OS  otleu  as  I  possibly  could.  She  had 
not  been  gone  more  than  a  few  days  when  I 
received  from  her  an  Amoebaean  Od*',  i"  T  ;ifln, 
with  a  great  quantity  in  the  way  i 
and — if  I  remember  right — a  false  i^  ^    ;  i 

the  way  of  metre. 

"  Meanwhile,  I  was  living  my  three  years  of 
under;^raduate  life  o%^r  agam,  undertaking 
exploring  expeditions  into  Aristotle,  and 
traveUiug  no  further  than  &om  one  book  to 
another  amongst  those  that  constituted  my 
little  world.  1  attempted,  at  one  tim^  to 
take  pupils,  wldch  resident  Bachelore  of  Arta 
very  often  do,  but  I  fouu<l  that  it  was  a 
dilferent  thing  to  possess  knowledge  and  to 
be  able  to  impart  it,  and  no  sooner  did  I 
become  aware  of  my  unfitness  in  this  respect, 
than  I  refused  to  accept  my  pupils'  money, 
and  sent  them  oH'  to  some  one  elae.  At  the 
cl«>se  of  the  third  year  I  paased  a  good  exami' 
nation,  my  name  being  annomiced  as  one  of 
the  hiilf-dozen  sucoeasful  candidates  for  a 
fellowship,  I  was  now  twenty -six  veara  of 
age,  and  had  parsed  six  yea r-^  at  college,  and 
^-counting  from  the  time  that  I  was  put  into 
my  Latin  Grammar — nineteen  years  and 
five  months  studying  exclu^vely  the  dead 
languagea. 


2iS 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS- 


«I  ; 

by  vanoua  il-oh- 
that  I  was  a  g}-* 

©ver3rwlioro  o1b<l\  im  .*  ^^.k ;.»...  ^^.x.-t,  ,-,  ,,.  ijr- 
loBBuesB  whou  out  in  t!in  great  world,  but, 
jirifi.iu'illv  by  beinjij  veiy  muclj  in*arer  to 
<1  tlie  Smftlii*,  \vli«;it  tlieiM  than  at 
^L  We  fornit»d  n  tw/fiety  of  seventy 
i  .  fl'oin  the  totteriuf^  oKl  Senior  ol' 

1  10   the   87>rnce  young   Dtiicon   of 

t  .1  look  buck  upon  this  period  of 

i;  much  the  mime  manner  that,  ofi 

«  '      hroad  thoroughfnre,   we 

I  1   us  at    the  close   ruid 

j  •  -■'  wliicli  our  way  has 

].,  y,  two  were  related 

1  ,  ODO   to  hi-'   -i.N-.Ti.l 

A  lie  r email" 

i  to   theb 
:]  -  tiither  in  classic*  oir  iDAtbematiai. 

\  me  eminent  meii,  it  la  tnie,  but 

tUtty  vvtutj  entirely  ainon^  the  nod*rt\aident8  j 
for  TOO r-'  thrin  hdf  th<*  feliows  were  abroad  in 
l!  "  rent  profeeaioiis — ttt 

1  under  government, 

'i  ly  connection  with 

fi  Itevoud  tho  fact  of 

i\;v^4,4u^  ^...-.1  .^t..M. ..-,  which  th<y  would 
havo  continued  to  do  If  thcj-  had  been  in  Peru 
or  at  T-^tklIitlh.  Tliose  that  were  in  residence 
V  10  moat  part,  ignorant  invci^y  as 

t  ,  that  13  to  say,  tho  most  recently 

t  \TrB  the  moat.    This  will 

ii  ;.  when  it  ia  remembered 

1  V  in^  «pent  forty  or  fifty 

^  1 V   divided    ix^twet^u   the 

J  '  ^    '       '     .  liad 

1  and 

'  jciiiit.    i;i    (in'ir    1,  iJllth, 

\  red  any  other  branches 

«  ly  tho  ileli'*"*""'^'      They 

;  rks  and  ^  j  !   re- 

1.  \Qn?t  ;mil  [      ,  '  that 

they  hud  brought  up  with  them  half  a  century 
before.  Upon  these  they  had  engrafted  all 
('  habitB  of  old  bachelorhood,  much 

1  I- wine,  and  a  little  dlil.    lliey  hatl 

Jilwaya  btoa  accuat^oracd  to  consider  them- 
Aclves  the  Lords  of  everything  around  ;  it  was 
disagreeable  to  go  elaewhere  and  be  unde- 
ceives I.  They  accordingly,  evoiy  now  and 
then,  ran  a  httle  way  out  of  their  hermitage 
to  look  upon  the  faces  of  men,  but  qnicldy 
trotted  back  to  their  favourite  httle  delusionfl, 
to  their  couilyarda,  to  theii*  sleepy  sermons, 
and  to  their  red  mullet  Talking  of  red 
mullet,  one  of  the  moat  extraordinary  thinga 
was  our  Bystem  of  dinners.  They  conaisted 
of  every  luxiu'v  from  earth,  air,  and  sea,  and 
we  hoil  to  pay  for  them,  if  I  remember  rightly, 
ahout  ei^ht  sliillinga  a  day  (exclusive  of  wine). 
It  wouicThavo  l>eon  infinitely  more  agreeable 
to  the  feelings  of  evei*)'  one,  except  these 
Seniors,  who  of  course  governed  the  College, 
to  have  h.-ul  a  good  plain  dimier  for  three  or 
four  ahillings,  and  to  put  the  remainder  into 


our  pock^• 
word  opi 


dbort  ex|)enencc,  Idetermined  apon 

..♦r ^  .      •  '■  ifate  mvBclf  ft'om  tlua 
yiow*WTO(je  Co  my 


I  nit  1, 

wit  1 1  / 

of  tl n  ,  but  inoi-y  t*p*;  ': 

mon  s  lik»^lv  to  llI^^  t 

quci;y,  1  '    ^ 

never  linv 

In  an»M*er  i^u  'ui.^.  nt-  . 
fool,  for,  aa  I  should  for^ 
miuriai^e,  what  means  of  ...^  ,  ► 

me  uniefia  AstMt6  had  men  j 

true,  but  I  felt  that  ht  had  n  > 

me  for  not  knowing  tliat  which  I  had  nevfor 
been  taucht.  Tho  buBineaa  of  the  Gre^ 
Stage,  and  the  winding  waya  of  Helicon,  biul 
been  pi-eased  \ipon  m^  notice  from  my  »»Ari?«#i 
years,   but  the   Imsineaa  of   t!je    i  ;i 

century,  and  the  winding  wa>'a  ol  I 

been  left  to  pick  up  ad  I  coiJld,  or  riu.r  no* 
to  pick  up  at  all. 

'*At  last,  however, her*  f'^^V  •^'•■'  •"•  ^^^"^ 
married  upon  three  hum  1 
al]ow4Ml  US.     "Mv    Asta 
facility  in  r 

it  wna  aei ;. 
We  had  not    '< 
found  out  that 
circunutance  w^^a  i 
of  our  nccountB,  for 
by  this  eii     ' 
the  door  i 

to  give  thciu*      111'-  i,<Li   r.s  1  i 

I  had  been  so  long    in    tln. 
tcmphithig  aheep  in  th^^  <  -  ' 

flocks,'  and  oxen  m  the  i 

unwearied  brea«t  the  ati^ 
were  quite  unable  to  realise  their  l 

they  were  divided  by  thr  hntchrr  , 

and  by  the  cook,  tl  i 

their  aunts,  and  coi 
for  the  time  being, 

to  appi-eciate  the  i  : 

we  found  onrs'  ! 
overtook  US — i 
almost  imme»li.ii>i 
invested  hia   saving 
poundfi — in  aomogi  ..- 
over  by  an  enormously 
respected  man.    The  nn 
mined  by  mismanagement,  or  evtu- 
worse;  the  enormously  wealthy 
respected  man  had  retired  irn 
few  year^,  in  order  to  husK'*  i  I 

to  emerge  jigaiu,  one  day, 
respected  than  ever;   .i  • 

like  my  father,  left  with u lit 
world,  to  earn  at  fortune  or  t^ 
papers  with  their  ufleleas  and  .i    .  -  .  .  1 

communications. 


UNTSTEESmr  OMISSION  AND  COMMISSION. 


223 


N 


%x  ..i  r,,.^.-  nothing  left  but  tbe  wine- 
ry father  not  having  at- 
,  lid  not  produc©  so  nmch 
tsuch  as  it  was,  ho^Fever,  it  fur- 
me.ins  of  employment,  fuid  (outil 
5  were  paid  otir)"a  barely  siifficteut 
to  luy  younger  brother.  There 
li>re»  uo  hope  from  that  quarter, 
lich^  people  were  in  the  habit  of 
nmea  has  receive*:!  rv  fiplciulid  edu- 
Cclhtje  education — wbich  Charles 
'rk.-v  accordinLdy  aided  Charles  in 
:  lies.  Ah1  if  they  bad  known 
.  ...  pleaa  I  was.  if  fifty  thousand 
pounria  hnd  been  put  into  my  hands  at  that 
momeut,  I  should  not  have  known  what  to  do 
with  the  Btim,  Wlierena  Charles^  with  busi- 
ness habits  and  some  knowledgia  of  conmierci/d 
matters,  might  convert  a  ibw  hundreds  into 
as  many  thousands  with  much  more  ease  than 
I        '  '  10  money  to  pay  my  butcher's 


^1.  '  "^d  when  nothing  short  of 

domir  seemed  to  be  our  pros- 

pff't  i  -L^?  ^'ho  had  been  a  great 

1 1  aher  (and,  indeed,  of  all  the 

V,    .  voviT\i\\.  came  seasonably  to 

tny  asabUoioe.    J  '  e  was  desiroua  that 

hia  third  son,  t  irable  Phelim  Ktz 

Canute  ah  mi  Id  tnivel  abroad  for  a  year  pre- 
Tiouslv  to  his  being  entered  at  Oxford,  and 
offered  me  the  situation  of  companion  and 
tutor  to  ihe  yonno^  man.  If  I  could  consent 
te  V  "^  '«• 'h  ray  wife  for  so  lone  a  time — *m"V 
vs  iina  on  which  the  uandsorae  • 

M  -T  sbr,nld   receive   five  hundi .  : 

\  s  during  the  year,  with 

th  ^  rippointed,  on  my  return, 

ptTQiatieuc  tutor  to  the  Honoui-able  Phelim, 
at  Oxford,  where  of  courae  I  could  reside. 
Such  a  njx>spect  was  too  dazzling  to  be  re- 
jected lightly.  Astartu  and  I  compared  notes 
to  see  whether  we  could  bear  to  part  with 
Aach  Other ;  we  found  that,  upon  liie  whole, 
'  The  fiict  is,  that  six  months  after 
I  .St  huabrmdfl  and  wives  are  en- 
wnini  erful  fortitude  in  this  respect ; 
eguu  to  find  out  each  otneFa 
lul  have  not  yet  had  time  to 
:  I H.*  accustomed  to  them.  My  consdence, 
I  V  vnr,  compelled  me  to  state  to  the  carl 
thiit  I  had  already  attempted  to  act  the  part 
oi  tutor,  bet  I  foiled  ;  that  mv  natural  timi- 
'^'  '    '     ■         '  [■  -'a  I  had  at  that 

r  causes  had 
'■K  luia  result.  His 
WM  of  no  manner 

, i-        .  u jt  mean, by  otfering 

m©  the  po.^t  of  tutor,  to  imply  that  I  should 
give  a  regular  le^jsou  to  his  acm  cfvenr  day. 
There  would  not,  indeed,  be  any  necessity  for 
Fhelim  to  acquiie  an  extended  knowledge  of 
the  classics  or  mathematdcs.  as  the  Univemty 
^i^d  oonftir  upon  him  an  honorary  degree  in 
virtue  of  his  connection  with  the  peerage. 
With  regard  to  after-life^  it  wis  not  intended 
to  nudee  a  Professor  or  a  learned  man  of  him. 


r  I. 

th' 
b:i 


On  the  cont- '^"  ''-^  '^^"^  .? not i;  1^.0-1  ^.ni-  r,  AT,^r,.'..-.ip 
ofPorliar, 

to  regulat.  j i 

no  improper  -   of  any  kind,  and, 

generally,  to  c  v  conduct  and  actions, 

t  embraced  Astail^  (but  without  any  alluaion 
to  Amcebfean  odes),  and  we  set  off— my  pupil, 
his  valet^  an<l  I — for  the  Continent. 

"  This  pu|)il  of  mine,  as  I  soon  found  outL 
WW  an  e,Tceedingly  sharp  young;  fellow,  ana 
much  better  calculated  to  act  the  part  of 
tutor  to  me  than  T  to  him.  Prom  his  know- 
ing a  httle  of  the  French  language,  and  I,  ot 
course  (for  had  I  not  been  Fellow  of  a 
College?)  knowing  none,  ho  soon  coutrive<t 
to  get  the  management  of  acconnta  into  hia 
c^m  hands.  Indeed,  I  had  no  clear  concep* 
tion,  at  that  time,  of  the  process  of  letters  of 
credit,  by  means  of  which  we  raised  money 
in  all  the  principal  towns.  They  were  as 
full  of  m>*stery  to  me  as  the  words,  bill  of 
exchange,  bill  of  lading,  specie,  currency, 
rate  of  exchange,  and  so  on,  which,  not  bein^ 
obsolete,  I  was  wholly  ignorant  of.  BuS 
though  Phelim  soon  discovered  me  to  be  a 
fool,  I  must  conit»B  that  he  behaved  very 
Icjnientlv  towards  me,  sometimes  taking  me 
under  his  charge  for  whole  days  toother. 
He  patronised  me  in  this  way,  I  recollect,  at 
Pompeii  and  at  Home,  where  my  claasied 
knowledge  became  subaervient  to  ms  amuse- 
ment ;  and  I  co  '  "  '  lui  of  Eomulua,  and 
Julias  Cessar,  ,    persons  connected 

"^■*h  the  place,  \^  mum-  i.aiies  he  had  scarcely 
I  belore.  We  journeyed  on  in  this  way 
-  -  ieversi  montha,  till  wc  came  to  Baden- 
Baden,  where  we  had  not  been  located  mot« 
than  a  few  days,  when  my  pupil  annonneed 
to  mei,  one  morning,  at  breakfast,  his  in- 
tention of  remaining  there  for  some  time 
to  come.  *  Yon  liave  heard  of  tile  great 
poet  Schiller  V  he  asked.  By  &  stmn^  coin- 
cidence, I  had.  ^  I  have  made  aconamtance 
with  his  son/  he  replied ;  *  yon  wiU  see  hini 
presently.  He  is  coming  here  in  about  half* 
an-hour.' 

**  In  about  h al f-an-hour, acconi '\T>y-Av  tl  1  o  son 
of  the  great  Schiller  madu    I,  (.nee. 

He  was,  like  all  the  other  pe-^  ^ ,  and 

smelling  of  pipea,  which  waa  the  only  piece  of 
German  statistics  that  experience  had  made 
me  amuainted  with. 

" '  Well !  *  exclaimed  my  pnpil,  as  soon  as 
Schiller  had  taken  a  seat.  *  1  will  agree,  if 
Mr. has  no  objection-* 

"*  To  what?*  said  I. 

*' '  Mr.  Schiller,  ha^dng  taken  a  fimcy  to  me, 
has  kindly  consented  to  become  my  instructor 
in  the  German  language.  With  this  end  in 
view,  he  has  invited  me  to  his  house  for  a 
few  hours  every  night,  to  read  his  father'a 
works.  I  suppeee  you  can  have  no  poaaible 
objection.* 

"  Of  course  I  eould  not.  I  was  delighted 
that  such  a  luckv  chance  had  be&llen  him. 
Breakfast  concltuled,  he  and  Schiller  went 
out  together. 


£S4 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


fo«»iwMbr 


^> 


Alter  this,  for  seyeral  weeks,  my  pupil, 
reptdred  to  the  house  of  hia  frieud  every 
mght,  fmm  nine  till  twelve,  where  lie  told  me 
that  he  wfts  making  imnieii»e  j>jt»r,n'eaa,  and 
ooiiUl  now  rejwl^  with  perfect  ease,  the  play  of 
Willioin  Tell.  I  reiaiu^ked,  however,  timt  lie 
coutinued  to  address  the  waiters  in  English, 
aa  heret^ifore,  probably  from  a  feeling  of  baah- 
fuhiess.  Once  or  twice  1  met  hiia  ^vnlk^nif  ir» 
the  stTcet  with  Schiller  and  a  la«ly — Mra. 
Schiller,  I  was  told — a  very  beautiful,  aud, 
indeed,  quite  Engliah-looking  woman. 

"  ThLn^  had  l^en  going  on  in  this  way  for 
■ome  time,  when  one  morning  I  received  a 
brief  but  peremptory  letter  from  Canute 
Castle,  orderiii^j  our  immediate  return  to 
England,  Phelmi,  I  thought,  looked  rather 
uncomfortable  ;  but  there  was  no  help  for  it 
We  dei>}Lrtod,  and  got  back  safely.  It  was 
ifijj  when  our  post-chaiae  drew  up  in  the 
Osti-o-Gothic  archway.  I  shall  not 
fbrget  the  countenance  of  the  Earl  bb 
IvoDced  to  meet  ub.  Without  notieiiig 
his  Bon,  he  bade  me  follow  1dm  to  hia  study — 
a  small  apartment,  adorned  with  a  picture  of 
King  Canute,  the  founder  of  the  family^  who 
is  i"ej>ri'sentt!d  in  the  act  of  throwing  cold 
water  upon  the  flattery  of  his  followers.  I 
rememluT  glancing  vaguely  at  thii*  picture  as 
I  went  in,  and  wondering  at  the  extraordi- 
njiry  likeuei»9  which  the  present  earl  bore  to 
Lin  anctsstor.  This  seemed  to  me  to  be  a 
mat  phenomenon*  It  waa  a  p&iuting  of 
Sir  Thomas  LaiirenceX  I  think. 

*'  Without  otifermg  me  a  chair,  the  earl  askeil 
me  in  a  stem  voice  for  what  purpose  I  had 
gone  abroad  with  lus  sou,  I  replie<i,  won- 
aering  very  much  at  his  tone  ami  mamier, 
that  I  h.'ul  gone  aa  tutor,  of  course.  Had  I 
discharged  my  trust  ?  t  answered,  that  to 
the  best  of  my  ability  T  hmL  How  then  could 
I  account  for  the  fact,  that  during  the  last 
month  my  punil  hiul  gambled  away,  in  a 
private  hell  at  liaibu-B;ulen,  a  sum  of  moix« 
thajj  eight  hundred  i><'>unds,  hh  he,  the  Earl, 
could  prove  on  information  which  admitted 
of  no  doubt  1  I  was  thuuderstrurk,  and  de- 
clared, with  perfect  truth,  that  I  had  enter- 
tained no  idea  that  such  a  thiug  woa  goitig 
on. 

"*Tfiat  19  difficult  to  believe,*  interposed 
Lord  Cajiuto,  '  when  1  iuu  informed  to  a 
certainty  that  this  little  fool  of  a  buy  was  ei»- 
gagetl  at  p!ay  for  three  or  four  hours  every 
evening.  You  must  have  missed  him  during 
that  time,  Mr.  — — ' 

"  I  reUted  the  imposition  which  had  been 
practised  on  mc  in  regard  to  Schiller. 

"  '  Pooh  !  Pooh  !  *  replied  his  Lordship,  '  a 
man  of  twenty-seven  ia  not  quite  a  babe  in 
arms.  He  must  have  aoquireu  a  little  expe- 
tience  by  that  time. 

"  '  I  don't  know,  though,  on  the  whole,'  he 
continued,  after  a  short  p-wse,  *  whether  it 
may  not  be  true,  tm  you  say.  You  have  been 
hitherto  Fellow  of  a  College,  I  believe,  and — 
ah  Weill   perhaps  it  waa  my  fault.    Here, 


Sir,  ia  a  cheque  for  five  hundred  pm;    "  r 

full  salary.    But  it  is,  of  course,  uj 
for  me  to  say,  that  your    eennees    ^.vin  dq 
no  lunger  required/     f  bowed  and  withdrew, 
tlunkl"'^  ■"  ->i<"  ■"*■  m^Fclf,  that  with  his  jjr 
of  mi  '  sa,  he  looked  more  llko 

"  We  actually  managed  to  live  for  moi*e  than 
fourteen  montlis  on  th*»ae  five  hundred  {jounda^ 
which  kept  continually  diminishing  tm  our 
fiunily  increased.  Our  little  twins,  too,  Kdox 
(so  called  from  the  Reverend  Cephas  Knox, 
our  rector)  and  his  brother  Erebus  had  been 
afflicteii,  according  to  my  wife,  with  divers 
infantine  oomplainta,  which  I,  for  my  part, 
was  never  able  to  perceive,  but  which  cost  a 
gi'eat  deal  of  money,  some  part  of  which  I 
think  she  devoted  to  the  purchase  of  a  ne^ 
gown.  At  the  end  of  this  time  it  wns  abso- 
lutely neoessaxT  to  rouse  ourselves.  Charles, 
meanwhile,  bad  been  extending  his  businesB 
very  much,  and  would  soon  be  in  a  position  to 
lend  me  a  helping  hand.  I  was  determined, 
however,  never  to  solicit  asaiBtance  fram  that 
quarter,  while  I  had  li  '  '  1  strength 
left    to   aid  myself    In<  y   of   auy 

feeling  of  delicacy  promjK.ii^  m.  lo  this  re- 
solution, I  knew  that  people  w^ould  cry 
out  if  Jameji,  *  who  has  receive*!  •  ^'.JIm* 
Education,  and  should  l)e  tit  for 
were  the  one  to  solici t  assistance  fr"i 
'  who  has  not,  poor  fellow  1  et^oyed  such  ad- 
vantages,' 

"One  morning,  it  was  »aggeste4l  to  me  by 
somo  one  or  other,  that  I  should  turn  literary 
man,  and  join  the  *  Mudborough  Gazette,' 
which  would  be  sure  to  avail  itself  at  once 
of  my  offer  to  become  a  contiibutor.  No 
sooner  ha*l  the  idea  be«n  put  into  my 
heaiL  than  I  walked  off  to  the  residence  ol 
the  Editor,  a  neat  villa  in  the  outskirts  of  the 
town.  He  was  a  good  lx»on  companion  and 
an  elder  at  his  meeting-house,  and  coidd  be 
chaiged  witli  only  one  falhng  in  the  wide  world, 
which  was  that  of  beating  liis  wife.  Even 
for  tliis  solitary  fiuling  there  was  an  excuse 
to  be  made,  for  she  was  in  the  habit  of  charg- 
ing him  with  nightly  inebriety,  which  cliarge 
bemg  strictly  tnie,  was,  of  course,  doubly 
provoking.  I  thirdt  that  when  I  knocked  at 
the  door,  I  intennipted  him  in  his  umial  occu- 
pation, fur  I  heard  shrieks  in  the  bfick  |jar- 
lour,  and  he  came  out  to  meet  me  with  a  >'ery 
red  face.  He,  however,  showeni  me  into  hw 
study ;  my  errand  was  soou  explained,  and 
he  appeared  to  jump  at  my  offer. 

'"To  have  such  a  distinguished  man  aa 
yourself  connected  with  our  paper,  will  give 
us  great  pleasure,  Sir/ 

"It  was  agreed  that  I  shoidd  ■    i  e 

with  a  leading  article   un   the  a[  : 

trial  of  Queen  Caroline.  I  was  to  ^..^  i^ ' 
to  Croorge  the  Fourth,  and  to  draw  teara  for 
Caroline. 

"*An  unhappy  female,  Sir,  ill-treated  by  ^ 
monster  of  a  man  I*  as  the  Editor  siud,  allow* 
ing  me  to  the  door. 


**  It  waa  agn*ed  that  I  shotild  s<!iid  in  my 
artielo  the  u^xt  Tuessday,  aiid  go  up  the 
following  ctivy  to  laarn  ita  &!«,  I  was  not 
much  accustotui.ni  to  Engliah  composition ; 
bat  I  got  tip  i]\i\  l'act«  from  the  daily  papers, 
ttiid  cooipounded  a  piece  of  pros©  on  the 
suhjt^ct,  whirli  I  lorwitrded  by  the  innid- 
sen-nnt.  On  the  Wednesday,  I  found  the 
Editor  sittiiijyr  vitjj  two  maimscriptfl  before 
him — miue  jitid  anoUier.  He  looked  parti- 
culiu*ly  luipromising ;  but  asking  me  to  be 
se&U^C  Hddr«3S849d  me  as  follows  ; — 

***lliia  pftptT  that  1  have,  Sir,  in  my  right 
hand,  is  youi*  lending  article.  How  do*?^  it 
begin  ?  "It  is  no  doubt  to  be  considered  and 
bomo  ill  the  attentive  miiid,  that  the  iU-&>ted 
QuicHin,  wlio  is  even  now  about  to  be  sub- 
mitted as  a  eriminal  to  the  loftiest  tribunal  of 
her  couiitr)%  ims,  under  circumstiuices  which 
have  acar*.^  lued  of  recapituiatioo,  but  wliieh 
will  recur  tA>  the  mind  aa  having  occurred  at 
various  tlmee  and  epochs,  been  ill-treated." 
*  Pardon  me,  Sir,  but  that  'a  a  terribly  un- 
wieldy sentence.  Well,  what  "s  the  neit  1 ' 
"  She  wi\s  led  to  the  H^-meneal  altar  on  the 
eighth  day  of  April,  1795 ;  tlie  officiating 
clergyman's  name /'  and  so  on- 

" '  You  see  we  don't  waut  to  know  all  these 
things.  Wvi  want  something  sparkling,  cut- 
ting, Fjncy  !  Excuse  me.  Sir,  but  you  're  a 
Umverjiity  man,  and  that 's  your  article. 
Now  hear  the  one  on  the  aame  subject  just 
Beut  by  Tom  Twineher,  who  scarcely  had 
ever  any  etlucatioD  at  all,  but  whom  we  all 
remember  at  one  time  ad  potboy  at  the 
Headkti3  Horseman.  "It  waa  a  remark  of 
Itochefuucaulil"  There,  you  aee  ! — ^lively  aud 
epdrkliiig  for  you  at  once  1  * 

** '  Ba%*'  said  I,  '  I  never  read  Rochefou- 
caulcL  so  I  coidd  not  miote  him.*  *  No  more 
has  Tom,*  repiie<l  the  Editor,  *  never  a  word 
of  him.  \Vliat  of  that  i  *  '*  It  was  a  remark  of 
Bochefoucaidd  that  a  man  was  nerer  bo 
happ3*  OS  when  his  wife  wab  uidiappy.  If  the 
dashing  philosopher  could  be  permitted  to 
rt  vimt  for  nwhik  the  eai'th,  we  would  gladly 
Bend  uur  devil  as  an  exchange  prisoner" — 
funny  you  Rce,  too ! — ^*  and  aought  for  a  con- 
firmation of  Ilia  remaric— we  would  direct 
lus  atteniion  to  a  certain  bloated  poteutate 

not  a  hundi'ed  mile^  from /'  and  so  on. 

There,  Sir,  that  *»  tlie  kind  of  article  tee  want. 
If  you  can  only  produce  such  a  one  as  you 
have  aejjt  us  by  way  of  specimen,  why  the 
negotiation  trmst  be  at  an  end.' 

**The  jiKovH  r.ii-Tii  only  two  examples  of  the 
many  eli  h  at  thia  time  I  made  t€i 

obtaiu  ir  employment,  and  in  which 

I  found  iLtt  my  University  education  acted 
aai  a  barrier  to  my  progress.  I  shall  not 
entfdl  U)ion  you  imy  moro  of  tbe»e  exam- 
ples ;  suffice  it  to  'say,  th^  lifter  having 
picked  up  a  precarious  subsistence  for  some 
years,  I  waa  at  last  induced  to  enter  into  a 
«ort  of  partnership  with  my  brother,  and 
there  to  commenoe  my  education  over  again, 
1  x«le«Md  myself  from  the  load  of  I^tiu  and 


Greek  which  liad  been  weighing  me  down 
from  my  earliest  infajicy,and  for  once  devoted 
my  attention  to  something  sound,  u«eful,  and 
practical.  At  Ids  death  I  aucceeded  to  the 
wine-buaineas  and  to  a  brewery  which  we  had 
added  to  it.  So  that,  instead  of  diafiguring 
creation  by  itmaining,  at  my  time  of  life,  a 
rusty  and  musty  old  lellow^  you  behold  me  a 
—in  Ikct,  what  I  am.  That  is  all  I  llave 
said  mv  3ay,  You  don't  hanpen  to  have  a 
glasa  ot  wine,  or  even  of  brandy-aiid-water  on 
the  premises,  do  you  1  '* 

At  this  moment  my  clerk  opportunely 
haatened  into  the  room  announcing  "  Sir  J, 
CJocculus-Iudicufl'fl  carriage ! " 

^  Bl&Bs  me ! "  cried  the  old  gentleman,  nang 
antl  looking  at  his  watch.  "I  have  been  here 
a  long  time.  However,  I  won't  detain  you 
further.  I  only  came  in  to  say  that  I  hope 
you  have  put  that  marriage  deed  into  a  con- 
veyaucer*s  hauda,  and  to  remind  you  that  it 
b  fifteen,  not  ten  thousand  pounds  that  I 
settle  on  my  daughter  Jane,*' 


FOOD  POR  THE  FACTOEY, 

Thk  weekly  mall  from  America  is  not  of 
more  moment  to  the  great  cotton  lord  of  Man* 
cheater  than  it  is  to  John  Shuttle,  weaver,  and 
Ms  thousands  of  shop-omtea.  If  he  ever 
tlmdcB  haw  entirely  hta  own  existence,  and 
that  uf  hid  little  houaehold,  depend  upon  the 
plant  that  growt  five  thousand  miles  off,  he 
muat  pi-ay  that  the  sun  may  shine  propitiously, 
aiiti  the  wind  aubfude  to  the  gentlest  zephyr, 
about  the  cotton-fiehhs  of  the  Southern  Stales 
of  Anitjrica.  He  would  regard  the  Sie»  of 
Alabmaa  to  be  as  deadly  aa  aerpents  to  him ; 
antl  when  the  froat  pinches  him  on  liia  way  to 
hi8  work  eai'ly  in  the  raoniing,  he  would 
wonder  how  the  temperature  stanoain  Georgia 
and  New  Orleans  ;  tremble  at  the  leaafc  ru- 
mour of  war  with  the  Yankees ;  and  would 
i-ather  reail  a  declaration  of  detiauce,  ad- 
dresstnl  by  the  Secretary  lor  Foreign  Atlidra, 
to  Europe,  Asia,  and  Aiinca  combmed,  thaji 
glance  at  the  mildest  remonstrance  oificially 
directed  to  the  American  I^Iiniater. 

War  with  America — a  hurricane  in  Greoi;^]! 
— a  blight  in  Alabama — continued  rain  iu 
New  OrleauB — are  one  and  aiU  death-cries  to 
the  mill  spinner  and  power-loom  weaver ;  for 
when  the  cotton-fielda  of  the  Southern  States 
3'ielil  less  than  their  average  quantity  of  cotton, 
the  iSlnrjcheaier  operative  eats  less  than  hia 
average  quantity  of  food.  He  flourishea  or 
decays  with  the  cotton-pod.  Cheap  bi-ead  is  to 
him  a  less  important  question  than  cheap 
cotton.  When  his  blood  lM>iLi  at  the  intlignitiee 
and  cnielties  heaped  upon  the  coloured  race,  in 
"  the  land  of  the  free ;  *  he  does  not  always  re- 
member that  to  the  Slave  States  of  Am  erica  he 
owes  his  all;  that  it  is  to  his  a'!  ii.vt 

these  States  should  remain  untv  lat 

the  negro  should  wear  his  ch;urLs  in  jm  .•  r.  it.  is 
for  liis  gain  that  slavers  dare  the  penis  i  if  slave 
dealing,  since  his  loom  is  furuisned  with  tht 


II 


HOUSEHOLD  WOBM. 


piivlti.     (»rilif  uiufr,i\  n.ivcil  ^Tortious.  While 
or  fhemip- 

vi  flayer  v. 


h  of  it— ^^ 

(r|. *e  peace  aju.  j.^r:^,- *.i;  •  . 

Stott'if  of  America.     Tliie  ciiomi 
th«  |ic«4ile  are  precisely  iii  the  «._  . 
nntion,  who  depeud  u^ioii  one  sort  of  iood,  or 
of  a  mttu  who  risks  his  whole  fortune  upon 
tho  iaauG  of  one  venture.     When  the  potato 
erop   fulled   in   Ireland,  thouAjmdj*    died    of 
ftULTvutioti ;    miUions   would  meet  ft  aimlLir 
fftt«  were  supplies  of  cotton  to  Iw  middenly 
cut    off   from    the    iihorea   of   the   Weateni 
Atlaatic. 

Maoufnctiired  cotton  la  the  staple  dothing 
of  ncjarly  threft-fourtha  of  the  binabitante  or 
th"^  "  I  »1  ►•^ :  and  fivo^txtha  of  the  catton  reared 
iu  i^  parts  of  the  world  lire  imported 

iiK  iiutry  ;  yet  up  to  the  prodent  time 

>*t*  Ijiivc  bceti  coutont  to  depend  upon  the  one 
Bouivefor  the  raw  article.  A  quarrel  about  a  line 
of  territory — ftnothcr  Oregon  qaeation — may 
mralyse  our  cotton  factories  to-morrow,  and 
tin    '       '  '  it ywiththe support 

ot  I  ulation.    A  frosty 

111  't  .,,  State's  with- 

in I  e  Lanctwliire 

c] ,-..... .  ,  -  ■4('firo,.r  and 

dciircr,  wor!:  "f=s. 

The  entire  c  ^  try 

mar  at  any  time  lie  suddenly  ehaiigwd  l>y  any 
BuJdcn.  misfortune  happenitig  t<j  the  Nortli 
Ainericaii  cotton-fields.  There  18  no  other 
country  to  which  we  can  BucceeBftdly  turn  in 
tu  '  ut.    Our  own  Colonial  territoriea 

>e  made  to  funiiflh  us  with  a  suffi- 

'    T ' '    V-ndent  of  the 

rites  ;  but  up 
.1  .._,  i^. ..:.... .U  haTe  been 
too  bu  the  home  Govemineiit  for 

itti  III  Mit,  or  equflbbUng  amongst 

til  djout  local  matters,   to   He  in  a 

eo,  .  send  u«  more  than  a  fi3W  bales 

—  tent  food  for  a  do7.en  factories, 

li'  'f  the  comporfttirely  small  tmiount 

of  labour  cotton  culture  demands — the  sliorht 
Hskd  of  failure  in  the  crop,  the  reaciy  mamet 
for  it«  coiiflumption  and  the  imiignilicance  of 
the  ref^uiaite  capital — our  coloniS  or  Indian 
poaeeiions  have  been  occupied  too  ejuTiently 
by  iuteatine  di«ftgreemcnt«i,  or  in  territorial 
warfare,  to  yield  cotton  profitably  to  them- 
aelyes  or  to  the  parent  country.  Yet  in 
these  mi>st  suitable  oUmatea  nothing  is  more 
easy.  The  pculiaritics  of  culture  offer  no 
dimcnlties  that  cannot  be  BUTmoanted.  The 
aaed  is  usually  planted  in  rows,  from  six  to 
eight  feet  apart^  in  holes  made  at  intemUa 
01  aliont  one  yaixl.  The  depredationa  of  the 
grub  make  it  requisite  to  place  eight  or  ten 
MMda  in  meh  hole.    The  germ  appears  above 


tn*«nmil  ft^xjut  a  fortnight  afker  the  fv-.d  Ifjia 
^  cd.      In  about  fcmr  m 

toppwi ;  in  tbr*  ?t!^th  t 


J  one 


eqUkjUt     I 

^  cotton    1 

couiiiry  liable  to  ir<  •  lu-i- 

ous  ftuctmitioDB,    Tlr  and 

iT«  conditicm    oi     me    nmrK^n,    amply 

.1  IS  aaaertioiL 

iitv  ..-.ajiand  f^''  ■•  ■■'t—^  ]<''^  ;»..,»-..^«,|.^l  with 
Ruoh   unpreced<  it    ia  a 

matter  of  wood  ci  :    -     . ;  i  :  Khas 

been  nt  all  coauzMBsamte.    Th  i  doa 

of  the  impcxrtaidoiie  of  cotton  laet 

forty-five  year^  ahow  how  rapidly  thv  domaiid 
has  rise«,  and  how,  year  by  year,  wc  havo 
become  more  dependent  upon  America.  In 
17!f)l,  accordiDg  to  the  oflifJa?  Btitf^iijent  of 
Mr  Woodbury,  aecTet  '     '  '  ^fatoa 

TreasiuT)  the  Staten  i  han 

two  miluons  of  pounds  vi  ■  ■a^.v.i  ,  n^  lo  >ii,  or 
fourteen  years  afterwardsj  they  exported 
thirty-two  million  f»\'^  Lnndi. il  tluui«and 
pounds  into  ihia  con !:  ajht 

five  hundred  and  eev  iiida 

of  Amencnn  cotton;   lut  im- 

ported nearly  five  hundr  two 

million  pouii(l»,  worth  ivb  >  '  lous 

sterling,  nearly  all  firom  t  i  i 

Tliia  extraonlinary  in '1' 
proof  of  the  truth  «4'  ,1m    . 
that  iTermruient  excess  ut .  i  ;  i  •  i\s  .  h- 

prefision  of  price.    The  fii*  [xjuud  of 

(-^^n..l.  iu   pit  worth  more  Lu,i..  ..  ...urth  of  its 

] '  :  5.    This  prc^resiiTe  cheapui^ns  is 

ai  >' to  the  improYementa  and  economy 

in  the  mode  of  culture,  forced  u|«>n  the  pro- 
ducers by  the  immenaity  of  the  deiuand.  I»1t, 
Bates,  of  the  houae  of  Earing  a.nd  Co.,  atated 
before  a  Parliflmeotary  Committe«i  m  1833, 
tliat  "even  six  conta,  or  threepi  i  >imd 

is  a  price  at  which  the  plan  -aiu 

money  in  the  valley  of  the  liiBsjKsijnu  ;  and 
according  to  Mr.  Woodbury,  "whcsre  rich 
lauds  ana  labour  were  low  *'-  '"  Mnbauui  a 
few  years  ago,   two  con:  any)  per 

potmd  for  cotton  in  the  t  ,  ^ht  eente 
when  cl«ftned,  would  pay  cxpeusea*  It  ia  sop* 
posed  to  l>e  A  profitable  ci\>p  in  the  South 
Western  States  at  ten  cents  {ler  pound.  Freeh 
land  in  the  States  will,  it  is  efttimated,  -j^ 
on  an  urcrnge  from  one  thousand  to « 
aand  two  hundred  pounds  per  acre 
seed^  which  will  yield  of     '  in  irom 

two  hundred    and    fifty   t  hundmd 

pounds.     Taking  the  siumX»vi   u>crage,  uul 


^kulc*  tikkntL^ 


FOOD  FOB  THE  FACTORY. 


flue-     fl 


eBtimating  the  rrOne  of  the  cleaned  cotton  at 
eight  ceo'  '  ^^  yforth.  of  an  lijcre  of 

cotton  is  1  '?  shillingB  and  Towt- 

poncc    r.  wever,  to  frniM 

estimate  -  i  cotton  estaio. 


tnrera  who  fieri  to  tlits  country  on  ^'hf'  irfliic- 
tion  of  Antr^  '••?  I^ukc  c' 

li^St?.    Tt  13  I  thAt.  tb 


own 

two 

j-'euo-j  pjr  1  uuijii.     'ilLC  vidne  ot  cotton  neces- 

sanly  ilepcuda  upon  the  care  with  which  it  is 

r  '■'    '    1,  and  the  limd  from  which  it  draws 

;  '"  fr>  the  past    ' --'^•^•'Tice  tdlana 

*tton  ciin  t  ed  In  otn* 

It  was  uni  i  tirst  tiVDB- 

:  torn    Angnxlla    to    the    Bahamns, 

\.  eds  were  sent  in  178C  from  Georgia. 

From  iliis  dat«  ve  have  CTaduallj  allowed 
OUT  forT!>»?r  ponrcps  of  supply  to  fall  into 
*  '  '        ourselves  altogether 

-ans.     In  I786t   our 


tliar 


America.     We    find    that    our   West    India 

colonies  sent  lis  a  third  of  the  above  quantity, 

that  about  another  third  came  from  foreign 

Tre3t*?rn  colonies,  while  two  miilions  of  pounds 

came  from  Brazil,  and  five  millions  of  pounds 

IrMn  the  Levant,    Yet  only  nineteen  years 

:^  ■  ,  out  of  the   fifty-nine  millions  of 

ich  entered  our  porta  in  the  course 

''  0  United  Stat ^ij— that  bad  but 

1  in  178C— sent  us  ttpwarda  of 

i.i.ilions. 

the   wisest    steps    taken  by   the 
ifier  the  conclusion  of  the  peace 
■icd  tlieir  independence,  was  to 
f  ids   of  cot  ton-seed    from    the 

Tite  astounding  feet  that  last  year 
'le  A nieri cans  upwards  of  fourteen 
!   the  produ  ire  of  those  few 
I  iig  proof  of  the  sagacity 

^vllI  1  planters  of  Georgia  to 

oow  .dopted  soil.     It  remains 

to  U  ,■..,. I  «i.,;vher  or  not  a  few  of  our 
own  colonists  may  be  induced,  even  after 
tUla  Jnpse  of  time  nnA  ili*  advance  which 
the   Americans  ha'  lo  turn  unpro- 

fitable  lands  into    i  and   valuable 

cotton*  fields. 

For  wbnt'^ver  is  to  be  done  in  this  impoi'tant 

V  to  3^£*mchester.  Already 

T  II  Lords — the  Manchester 

tton 
that 


Ul      UUlli 


....:   of  MnTiflif-^ 
1  was,  in  : 
ad  of  Fie: 


m  \j\t^  iiniii>   J*     iji     MIL'  ^Ui-iuciMr-mci     I'l  .'V,    n,'jia 

ns  that  "  thoy  buy  cottiyn  foot  m  Tjondon, 
that  comes  first  frorn  Cj-prue  and  Smyrna, 
and  At  home  worke  the  same,  and  pmect 
it  into  fustianH,  vermiliions,  dimities,  and 
other  5uch  stiiilea,  and  thou  n?tum  it  to 
London,  where  the  same  i«  vented,  and  «old, 
and  not  seldom  eent  into  foxTain  partR,  who 
have  means,  at  fur  easier  termM.  trj  pro- 
vide themselves  of  '  '  ^  "  s'* 
TTndcr  the  vigoror  iw 
fhams  cotton  m  pidly 
in  impofTtance,  At  yam 
was  generally  useU  .w.  „\..,  .„._  ,lax  as 
warp.  The  cotton  ram  was  spun  by  the 
peanntry^  and  travelling  chapmen  ^ram  the 
manufacturing  houses  went  with  pickhoreea 
from  cottage  to  cottage  to  gather  the  produce 
of  the  poor  folk's  wheels.  1  ti  the 
seventeenth  century  to  the  h,  we 
fin<l,  about  the  year  1739,  accor-ln^g  to  the 
*'  Gentleman's  Magazine,"  that  the  manutac- 
ture  of  cotton  had  arrived  "at  so  great  per- 
fection" that  the  manufacturers  were  b^- 
ginning  systematically  to  e^xport  c'^*^'  "  ""^'>f!3 
to  the  colonies.  The  gradual  intv  .>f 
machinery,  the  cheapening  of  traris  ,  :.  ^  lo- 
greasive  freedom  oi  commerce,  have  at  last 
evolved,  from  the  small  beginnings  here  chpo» 
nicled,  that  stupendous  mass  of  machineiy 
which  now  helps  to  clothe  the  large  propor- 
tion of  the  family  of  man.  We  are  told  that 
the  cotton  yarn  annually  spun  in  England 
wuuldj  in  tt  single  thread,  encompass  the 
earth  two  hundred  and  three  thousand,  seven 
hundred  and  seventy-five  times — ^that  onr 
wrought  Cotton  fabric  exported  atmually 
would  girdle  the  equatorial  circumference  of 
the  globe  seven  times  ;  at  the  same  time  it  b 
reported  that  the  cotton  plant  has  so  pre- 
carious an  exLstence  that  "  in  the  raomin^  it 
is  ereen  and  flourishing  ;  and  in  the  evemng^ 
withered  and  decayed." 

The  evils  of  this  fluctuating  uncertanity 
now  encompass  us.  We  hay«  cmly  torecttr 
to  the  yield  of  the  last  few  year*  to  de- 
monstrate the  unsettled  and  perilous  cjod- 
dition  in  which  our  cotton  manufacturers 
eixist.  In  one  year  we  tind  tlie  crop  esfti^ 
mated  at  one  million  seven  hundreil  thou- 
sand Imgs ;  in  another  at  two  millions  one 
hundred  thousand  ;  in  another  at  two  millions 
four  hundred  thousand  ;  in  another  at  two 
milUouB  seven  hundred  thousand;  and  in 
another  we  And  that  it  ilropped  to  two  miUion 
V-ales — differing   in   two    yerii  ich   aa 

twenty-five  per  cent.    Tho  Fvi  e  Bill, 

which  has  made  a  deep  sensjiti-.ij   .in-'ii^hout 
the  States,  jmd  exasperated  the  three  nuUion 
clav'-i  iiin.ri  wliA'Ti  WT?  depcnd  for  mn-  cotton 
1  the  danger  of  t* 

^     ,    r  ir.  Bright  said  V'   .  :\t 


2S8 


HOUSEHOU)  WORDS. 


[C(mtfa«M4  It 


Manchester 
pation  of 


-.t.  ..    I  ■    r';:it  the  eniAOci- 

i— C4)mo  when 

it  mi^ht — uw.....  .,..,  ..'Mestro^ang 

the  cotton  croj*  for  it  least ; 

mill  thus  "the  ven-  .f  justice 

ever  granted  by  any  tjoverniuent  in  the  worhl, 
might  be  the  chusc  of  the  greatest  miaery  luid 
di««t«r8t4i  the  vtmi  jxjpiilationof  thw  c^mntry 
eoimected  with  tht*  ttidustiy  of  the  cotton- 
tradi',"  Such  a  contingency  would  be  ac- 
cotmtcfi  disgruocful  na  well  as  disafitrous  to 
this  eoiuilry» 

To   u1j%'iate    the  coming   preaBuro  in  the 
r" trket,  Iroin  this  and  other  cauBCS, 

I  u*u   of  the    Manchester  manufac- 

I I  be<*ii  cldefly  directed  to  the  vast 
exteDC  of  etnmtry  ander  the  control  of  the 
Eloat  India  Company,  From  this  great  tem- 
lory,  with  its  huudred  millions  of  ij^ahitAnte, 
we  get  only  oiie-tf  r»th  of  our  cotton  eupply — 
Mid  the  cotton  wu  do  get  Ib  of  such  an  inferior 
c^iality,  that  mo  never  pay  for  it  more  than 
onc-tw  '  he  amount  we  pay  for  our 
^roBM  II.    The  reasona  aflsigned  for 

^Qu3  d>.-j|'i<  jr  -.  <.<nute  ctupoly  of  Indian  cotton 
^  four.  The  lii^t  is  thft  oppressive  tax  or 
"Trent  :  the  second  ia  the  want  of  roads ;  the 
third  is^  tlio  want  of  common  Iniil dings,  hams, 
an<l  atori.'B  j  and  t\w  fourth,  the  want  of  piersj 
uuays,  and  docks.  Mr.  Bayley  haa  snown 
timt,  in  the  pre«t*nt  neglected  state  of  the 
Ulterior,  it  coata  tifly  per  cent,  on  th«  value  of 
the  cotttm,  to  convey  it  fi-ora  the  field  to  the 
"  <><?  of  whipnient.  Ineffectual  appeala  have 
;ii  ma/do  to  the  East  India  Company  by 
w  Manehestcr  Chamber  of  Commerce,  The 
Company  have,  fi*om  time  to  time-,  promisod 
to  do  idi  in  their  power  to  encourage  the 
growth  of  cotton  within  their  territories. 
Koada  were  to  be  made  into  the  iutenor  ; 
rivers  were  to  be  rendered  navigable  ;  and 
dock«  and  ports  were  to  be  conatnicted  on  a 
xiMgnilicent  scale  ;  yet,  up  to  ttiia  hour,  roada 
are  nowhere  to  be  found  in  India,  and  a 
foreign  vessel  ha>*  uot  a  harbour  to  ride  in,  in 
safety,  idong  the  vast  seaboard  that  we  pos- 
aes^s  in  the  Ejist.  Tlie  climate  of  India  ia 
better  adapted  to  yield  a  sternly  supply  of 
cotton  than  that  of  any  other  countiy.  The 
frxwta  which  nip  the  ])lftnt«  in  the  Southern 
States  of  Ameiica,  do  not  \nHit  India,  and  the 
cotton  plant  ia,  here,  perennial,  whereas,  in 
America,  it  must  be  planted  annually.  Tlie 
extoi]iaive  cultivation  of  cotton  in  India  would 
not  only  make  iw  independent  of  those  caaual- 
tiea,  under  the  eliect  of  which  the  trade  of 
MaiicJiewttir  is  now  suffering,  but  would  also 
be  an  inestimable  boon  to  the  native  [lopo- 
latiou.  The  inrjuii'y  which  the  Manchester 
Chamber  of  Comjucrce  have  set  on  foot 
ia  a  timely  measure ;  it  may  atir  the  Com- 
pany, now  that  their  charter  is  on  the  eve 
of  expiration ;  at  all  eventa,  we  shall  learn, 
from  Mr,  Mackay's  investigation^  the  pre- 
ciae  cauBes  which  have  hitherto  operated  to 
the  prejuiiice  of  the  cotton  cultivators  of 
Indiik. 


t^tht 


With  good  roads  and  commodicn  ^  '  *t 
is  conj.'eturiMl  tliat  cotton  wouhl  1-  i 

from  India  into  this  country,  lit  a  i .....  v*-,tt 
would  nec€«Barily  compete  with  tne  SuctiZ' 
ating  American  market. 

However,  there  is  no  reason  why  our  iao- 
toriea  Bhould  depend  for  their  food  mosttj 
upon  India,  Prom  the  West  ludiea  we  may 
look  for  flrmwing  eupplies  as  well.  An  in- 
terth'  ■  1  from  a  Jamaica  cotton  planter, 
dati  M-r  of  tlie  current  year,  affirma, 

that  c.vicii«ivc  cxperimenta  have  proved  that 
Sea  laland,  as  well  aa  every  other  kind  of 
cotton,  can  be  srown  on  that  island.  The 
geniality  of  the  cLlmata,  the  absence  of  winter, 
and  the  large  tracts  of  land  which  are  un- 
cultivated, and  which  are  so  peculiarly  adapted 
for  the  growth  of  cotton,  seem  to  point  out 
Jamaica  a«  a  place  where  any  Idnd,  and  large 
quantities,  oi  this  material  can  be  cheajuy 
cultivated.  The  only  drawback  at  present 
is  the  paucity  of  labour ;  and  even  this  draw- 
back is  likely  to  be  soon  removed. 

Ex]>erimental  cotton  fields  are  progi'ess- 
ing  in  Australia,  Port  Natal,  and  Weatcrn 
A&icA.  In  all  of  these  countries  the  plant 
has  been  successfully  renred.  The  diatjmce 
of  Austi-alia,  however,  forbids  us  to  hoi>e  that 
we  may  be  able  to  rely  upon  the  prxduct  of 
her  splendid  climata  for  our  cotton.  But 
fi'Oin  Natal  we  may  reasonably  expect  a  large 
c«>tt(jn  growth.  Tne  climate  is  eniuisile  :  the 
tig,  the  i>ciich,  the  orange,  and  ilu*  almond 
Nourish  side  by  side  in  tn«*  ojien  air ;  and 
the  tine  light  nt*\\  of  the  D'l  rk'ui  district 
so  genially  nourishes  Uic  cotton  plants 
that  it  beaii*  vigorously  for  five  coUHecutive 
years. 

These  fact^  have  been  for  some  time  patent 
to  the  uuthuritiea^  both  home  and  colonial ; 
yet,  with  the  bole  worm  feeding  at  his  leisure, 
the  frost  nipping  the  pods,  or  the  rude  winds 
sweeping  away  acres  of  undeveloped  calico^ 
how  tardily  and  reluctantly  has  the  questloB 
of  cotton  cultivation  been  taken  up.  It  is 
onlj^  when  we  are  threatened  with  a  dearth 
of  cotton,  which  would  entail  horrors  uj>on 
this  country,  as  terrible  and  deplorable  as  tho 
potato  blight  inflicted  upon  Ireland,  that  the 
matter  is  mooted.  We  have  unprcMiuetive 
soils  in  every  quarter  of  the  globe,  where  we 
might  grow  food  for  our  factories,  without 
r^ard  to  the  tyTanmes  of  a  Fugitive  Slave 
Bm  —  without  being  parties  to  the  degra- 
dation of  liuoian  ci*caturcs  to  the  level  of 
beasts  of  burden ;  and  the  present  aafj©ct 
of  the  cotton  market— the  swelling  mur- 
mura  of  American  alaves^the  bole  worms  of 
Georgia — the  floods  of  New  Orleans,  and 
other  constantly  recurring  ca«i'")»'--  "♦'  'i»e 
SouthtiiTn  States,  all  ahouM  c 
the  eneiigy  of  colonial  speculate  I  .  .     i 

dent  agncultiirists  to  spread  the  ir&il  tibrtse 
of  the  cotton  plant  in  the  burning  sun  oi 
India,  the  more  temperate  heat  of  S4Juth 
Africa,  and  in  the  steady  climate  of  the  Weirt 
India  Islands.    By  these  energetic  measurM 


Cbwlnl»ekm.j 


THE  KING  OF  THE  HEAKTH. 


289 


WQ  mar  eecnre  tliat  importaat  consideratiott 
— «tea<uzi0i8  in  the  supply  of  food  for  the 
fiKtary. 

BXTMAN  BBOTHERHOOD, 

Tbb  mooarch,  glitt'ring  with  the  pomp  of  etate. 
Wears  the  samo  fleah  as  those  that  die  of  hunger ; 

Liko  tbetn,  tho  worm  Bhali  be  his  loatheome  mate, 
When  he  r«»igDa  hia  glory  to  a  younger* 

Tho  beButr,  worshipp'd  by  the  limner^s  eye, 
Oo  whom  a  himdred  etiitoxB  gaze  adixuiing, 

Ib  sister  to  tbo  hag,  deformed^  awry, 

Who  gathers  in  the  rood  her  scanty  firing. 

The  schohur,  glorying  in  the  fltamp  of  Mind, 
Master  of  all  tho  wifidom  Time  has  hoarded, 

la  brother  to  the  lumpteh,  untaught  hind. 
Whose  vulgoi'  name  will  perish  xmrcoordcd. 

Therefore  lot  huimm  ayinpathies  be  strong, 

Leteach  man  Bhu«hiawel£ire  with  hianeighbour ; 

To  tlie  whole  noe  Hea?en>  bounteous  gifts  belong, 
None  may  lire  idly  whilst  hia  fellows  labour. 


THE  KING  OF  THE  HEABTH, 

"  Bo  thee  go  on,  Phil,"  said  a  miner,  one  of 
sixteen  who  sat  about  a  tap>room  fire.  "  Do 
tliee  go  on,  Phil  Spruce ;  and,  Mrs.  Pittia, 
fetch  us  tn  some  beer." 

•*  And  pipes/'  added  a  boy. 

*^  Mr,  Spruce  <?ontempIated  hif»  voiing  friotid 
with  a  ^im  stnile.  **  Well,"  Haid  he,  "  it  'a  & 
story  profitable  to  be  heard,  and  so — " 

"  Aye,  no  it  Vi<\"  said  a  hone  man,  who  made 
y:.,,,  I*      li^^^jg  more  than  ouits  with  Nature, 
1  '  with  Ills  sound  !e^  on  th*?  floor 

iu  .    ........     **  Bo  it  be,"  said  Timothy  Drum. 

"Phil's  a  philosopher." 

**  It  ahvavfl  glnnked  me,"  said  a  dirty  little 
man,  **  that  Phil  ha»  had  a  sort  of  nater  in 
him  ever  since  that  night  we  loat  old  Tony 
Barker." 

♦•What  happened  then?"  inquired  the 
8qnire*s  new  gamekeeper. 

"  Did  over  you  »ee  down  the  £<haft  of  a 
pit  r'oak&l  Phil. 

**  No  ;  and  I  \l  rather  not.'* 

"  A  deep,  deep  well.  Whatever  they  may 
do  in  other  pnrt«,  we  aing  hjinna,  when  we 
are  puUed  up,  and  if  ao  be  any  of  our  buttiea 
at  such  times  says  a  wicked  wonJ,  he  gets 
eoraed  finely  when  we  be  aafe  up  at  the  top. 
We  goii  up  and  down  different  ways,  mi 
some  old  pita  they  have  ladders,  one  under 
another,  which  reminds  me — " 

*'  Always  the  way  with  Phil." 

Mr.  Spnice  gazed  sternly  in  the  direction 
of  the  whisperer,  and  drank  some  beer. 
**  Which  reuiiiids  me  that  once — " 

We  must  here  announce  the  feet  concern- 
ing Mr.  Philip  Spruce,  that  his  method  o. 
telling  a  story  (**  Wliioh  reminda  me,"  always 
meant  a  atorjr  with  him)  ia  very  discursive. 
He  may  be  said  to  resemble  Jeremy  Bentharn, 
who,  according  to  HazlitVs  criticism,  fills  his 
sentence  with  a  row  of  pegs,  and  h&i^  a 


gaiTuent  upon  each  of  them.  Let  ns  omit 
some  portion  of  hia  tedlooauess,  and  allow 
turn  to  go  on  with  his  tale. 

'^It  was  in  the  year  One  thousand,  eight> 
four,  four  ;  by  token  it  was  the  same  month, 
November,  in  wliich  tlie  block  fell  upon  Tim 
Drum's  leg,   I  was  invited  to  a  c4iri»tmB4 
dinner,   by    old   Jabez    Wilson.      You    ai^e 
aware,  gentlemen,  that  herealx»uta  there  are 
a  great   number   of  deserted  pita.     Tlie  en- 
trances  to  these  are  mostly  covered  with 
boanl  or  two.    There  aren't  many  slUeg  xi 
our  pitr-country,  so  we  ai-e  drovf^  t  -  »' 
for  firewood.     The  old  pit  ru 
uncoveiod,  and  sometimes  In.l 
wood,  it  is  a  verv  common  thinjcr  tor  sheep 
tumble  in,  and  it  gentlemen  go  abootlng  then 
sbouta,  they  may  chance   to    return    hom 
without  a  dog— your  good  health,  Timoth] 
— As  I  was  saying,  I  love  to  ponder  upo 
causes,  and  compare  effects.    I  pondered  m 
walked " 

"  And  the  effect  was  that  vou  tumbled  into 
a  pit,  Phil  Spruce." 

"  The  trutn  has  been  told,  gentlemen,  bnt 
has  Irjeen  told  too  soon.     Ajid  now  I  Ve  f 
gotten  where  I  was.    Ay,  pondenng."     Hei 
Phil  hmig  up  a  long  shred  of  philosophy 
one   of  his  pegs;    and   after    the  fijret    U 
minutes  of  his  harangue,  which  was  chiel 
occupied  in  abusing  human  nature,  a  fiei 
lookmg  individual  said.  "  Go  on.  Sir ;  yon 
brought  things  to  that  pass  where  they 
bear  aggravation.    The  company  expects  ?< 
to  fall  down  tho  pit  directly. ' 

"  In  the  middle  of  my  i-eflectione — mj 
natural  Chriatmai*  thought*,"  continue*]  Phi 
"  I  felt  a  severe  bump  on  the  back  and 
singular  freedom  about  my  legs,  followed  " 
a  crash  against  the  binder  part  of  my  head- 

"  To  the  bottom  at  once/'  said  the  li 
looking  man. 

"  I  was  at   the  bottom  of    a  pit  in 
seconds.    By  what  means   my  life  wa'*  pi 
aervedj  I  cannot  tell ;  certiin  it  ia  that  I  si 
tained  at  that  time  no  serious   injury, 
course,  I  was  much  atunueil,  and  lay  for  a 
time,  I  aupp<]«e,  insensible.    Whim  I 
my  eyes  tnere  wiis  nothing  to  be  seei 
than  a  faint  glimmer  from  tho  daylij^ 
above,  and  a  great  many  dancing  stars 
seemed  like  a  swarm  of  gnate,  ready  to 
on  my  Iwdy.    I  now  pondered  how  I 
obtain  rescue  from  my  dangerous 
when  an  odd  circumstance  arrest^  my 
tion.     I  was  evidently,  unless  my  ears 
ceived  me,  not  alone  in  my  misfortune  ;  f 
heard,  fus  distinctly  as  I  now  hear  Mr.  Drum^ 
leg  upon  the  fender,  I  heard  a  loud 
It  proceeded  from  a  disLint  gallery, 
did  you  say  I  *  inqiured  the  voice  in  a  boa 
tone  ;  a  8ofter  voice  replied,  *  Phil  Spmce, 
think.'  '  Very  well,*  answered  the  big  sonnd^ 
'  1 11  como  to  him  directly.'  " 

"  Here  was  a  state  of  tilings.    A  gentlemaD 
resided  here  and  was  aware  of  my  intrasloak 


] 


» 


no 


HOUSEHOLD  WOEDS* 


[Q«DleHii«f 


^ 
P 
^ 


N 


Moreover  I  mos  known.  Was  the  *ic- 
qwiJiiUiicc  mutuAl  I     Well,  gehU*?iueii,  that 

f -+:....  ..■-..     t^.  I...  -l....uL..]    r..r  iH-,-«*eutly 

•InMS. 
o! — i  trembied.     As  the 
!iL,')it  gleauic'ti  over  the 
ilt«red  iu  t' 

bruughL  ;i  c;uniK%  lIklL  ja  wise,*     Bo  1  looJiccl 

rouiul.     Mothor  of  Mimclc*  1     He,   elie,   or 

""  I  i  rik  upproaobed  1   A  oiAaa 

hot,    shaped   into   head, 

i  ;  black  coal  On  the  crowu 

w  oil  the  eheekjB,  and  all 

I,  with  here  and  there  a 

|4ioii  ot  blAck  bubbl«?s»,  qjirtin^  oat 

I  js.    It  was  tlie  shape  ol'a  huge  uuui^ 

who  walked  tip,  witli  fi  mo«t  iViendly  bjcpreoh- 

«ioii  in  hia  fact},  evidently  iaiteudiug  to  giv© 

mo  a  n*iirrn  lecejttioti. 

"  Aiid  no  he  did,  afi  I  will  teli  you  prc»e«itly. 
It  needed  not  the  aid  of  his  natural  qualities 
lo  throw  luu  iut<»  u  ^'reat  and  Budden  heat ; 
his  sijp«niatiiral  appt,*iirauee  waa  enough  for 
that.  Tlieu  I  wris  seized  with  a  great  fear 
\v^i.  ill  h\.>  tVu^udliueaa,  he  ahould  expect  me 
's.  Tlmt  was  as  if  I  ahould 
r  niy  (mgi!rB  into  this  tap>room 

fmU.  WvH,  ma'ani  (your  good  health,  Mrs. 
*i1ti^V.  the  strange  thing  came  up  to  me  Quite 
[  ^vith  a  lieandng  fiice,  and  aaid,  in 

of  a  voice  like  a  koaFB«  blaat  pipe, 
e  yoti,  Mr.  Sprticw.    How  did  you 
V  *  0/  «Aid  I. '  Sh','  not  liking  to  be 
i.r.miuii;.itil  in  civility.')     •'-    ■■?t   drojiped 
in/     *  Cold*  up  above/M  I  Will  v^ni 

waJk  iu  and  take  a  littli  ..... iiij^r  warm." 

A  hltle  something  warm  !  Wliat  'a  that  l 
thought  L  *  O  yea/  I  aaid,  '  with  all  my 
heart,  Sir.'  *  Come  along,  then  ;  you  «seem 
atitf  in  the  bones,  Mr.  Spruce,  allow  me  to 
help  you  up.*  '  O  Lord  !  I  ciied,  forgetting 
my  maimera.  *  No  thank  you,  Sir.  Spruce 
i  '     iTuce  my  nature.    X  ean 

And  BO  I  did,  with  a 


drink   car'      -  ;  — 
not  let  ^^ 
liltW    - 
let 

I  uv  ,    ' 
dear   Bi'r.'     'v 
Phil.    And  w 
pany.    Of  oounie 

abovp  in  erood  tim«  ;  and  W  you  can  itop  hd't 
!  an  ]  ■    ■   :  Aiccompanv  you.' 

Iu  I  Polly  will  aUvre, 

'MiT>.    i  1.      1    fear  you  will 

tfike   hri:  Maaty    nuddle   at    my 

door,'   01;.   ..L^-   ....    ..uig.     *>fV^ouldn't  you 

wish  to  lie  down  and  rwt  a  bit,  iHjfon?  we 


indeed  I  must 
"We  will  hhwe  a 

1  ti..,,  v,-..  ^m 


you  ait;  juiXiuUa   \o   lie  up 


toll  you.  Tlio  thinir 
quite*  glowing  doubl' 
Take  A  little  »onir 
ogain.  Of  but  I  wui 
must  not 
the   bf*nst 


iiir  j.iiutis  ache,  I  can 

It  id  aeemed  to  bo 

-  I  i,  I,  light  to  aoe  me. 

I       V  unn,   I   thought 

L  ili-ii^lk  !     However,  I 

eager  lo  get  away  just  yet ; 

to  thiuJc  I  came  down  on 


1  ■•'  see  liiin,    *  After  you,  Sir  1 '  Boid 

and  pulling  my  forolock.    •  If  vou 
\Mii  1  aa  to  lead,  1  *11  follow.'    '  Thia 

wmy.  •  lip.' 

**  »S< •  IV .  w.Mit  alcmg  a  gallery,  and  came  to  a 
vault  which  was  Ugfited  by  the  bodies  of  a 
great  number  of  innia,  all  made  of  brisk  llvt* 
eoal,  like  my  conductor.  *1  dare  my  you 
find  the  room  close,'  aaid  the  king — for  I 
iinmd  afterwards  he  was  a  real  king,  though 
he  WM  so  familiar.  *  What  will  you  take  to 
drink )'  I  calculated  there  was  nothing 
weaker  than  vitriol  in  his  cellar,  so  I  begged 
to  be  excuaed.    '  It  is  not  my  habit,  SiTf  to 


vou  see  wo  re 
I   why  it  *« 

^e  1  emi  lie 


Purse  r  T^'o  bright  little  imps  darted  away, 
and  the  Thing  turning  round  to  me  with  a 
Bulphuroms  yawn,  aaid,  '  I  don't  mind,  Phil,  if 
I  lie  down  with  you.*  Sunely  he's  roiastiag 
me,  I  thotught. 

"  True  as  sorrow,  Mr,  Timothy,  Coffin  tmd 
Purse  came  back  in  no  time  to  s:iy  the  bed 
waa  ready  •,  ainl  T  followed  the  king  with 
as  good  courage  aa  a  ^niiili field  mar  <  w.  But 
I  did  not,  I  did  fwt  *.  i  lowed. 

We  went  into  a  small  v;i  udf  iJie 

floor  was  covered  by  a  biiiiiing  lijv :  all  the 
coaL)  had  been  mked  level,  and  that  was 
Coflin  and  PurseV  bed-making.  *  Well,  I  *11 
get  in  at  ontse,*  said  the  knig ;  "* 
a  nice  light  nmttreaa,'  ' '  V 
in  vivid  Diazes.  You  d 
down  on  that.'  '  Why  !*<  a,  i  nu  i  You  see  I 
do.  Hero  I  am,  snug  and  comfortable.'  '  Yes, 
my  dear  Sir,  but  you  forg^  the  diflei^ence 
there  ia  between  us  V  *  A&d  ym  i^t^  Mr, 
Snruce;  but  please  to  romflmher  this  is 
Chriatmaa  Day,  a  di^on  which  all  differences 
should  bo  ended.* 

*'  *  And  now,*  aaid  tlie  monster,  sitting  up 
suddenly  ujron  a  comer  of  the  bed,  *  and  now, 
Phil,  I  will  urge  you  to  nothbg.     "  a 

reasoning  man,  and  cotmt  for  a  ]  i . 

Let  *a  argue  a  bit,  Mr,  Spruce.'  *  i  tu  mviMir- 
able  to  free  discussion,*  I  replied  i  *  but  I 
decide  on  principles  of  common  sense*  ' Let 
common  sense  decide,*  replied  the  king,  croa»> 
lug  hia  knees  and  looking  oonversoUoaAL 
'The  point  at  issue  is,  whether  with  your 
views  it  would  be  bettiir  for  you  to  remain  a 
man  or  to  become  a  cinder.  "What  were 
youi-  thoughts  this  morning,  PhiUp  Spruce  V 

*  This  morning  X  waa  thinking  aliout  htuuaxi 
nature,  Sir/  '  And  how  did  you  decide  upon 
it,  PhiUp?'  'Humbly  asking  r  ^  ^'ir, 
and  meaning  no  offence,  may  X  t:i 

ther  in  present  company  it-  is  iMLi..^....v-  to 
speak  disrea^jectfully  of  the  Devil  1 ' 

"  X  wouldn't  have»8aid  that»  Pliii,  to  »  mui 
of  hifi  appearance.'* 

"  Lord  bless  you,  Tim  Drum,  he  looked  ao 
mild  disposed,   and   'No   offenow/  he  aa^; 

*  apeak  out  without  reserve.'  *  Then,  Bit,' 
eaid  X, '  this  is  what  X  think  of  human  uttnr. 


i 


P.4k»B«.J 


THE  KJnO  OF  THE  HEARTH, 


981 


I  bcJicve  that  it  was  full  of  even 

toodiJC'<s,  and  that  men  were  imfcni 
L^jjosed  to  one  another,  till  the  Doii  -.i 
that   ^va£   idask  of  his.     Mem.   are   bom  to 
fF<u,1,ir,   tli^ii*  Creator^  and   to  supply  the 
t\  At  ueighboofB,  but  then  comes  in 

tl  i.r  fiory  monster,  with  a  pocketfdl 

of    znou«y,    aud    sayi,    qaite    dkmterested, 

*  GeDlit^men  and  Ladies,  it  'e  of  no  use  askiiig 
you  to  venei-ate  me  ;  you  don't  do  it,  and  you 
oughtn't  to ;  but  the  most  conveuient  and 
prof»«ir  ihiiig  is  for  every  indi  V  '  worship 
only  jiist  his  sell  You  sec  of  this,' 
- 'e  old  sinner;  'Viy  I'^iwul   ?.turiiico  to 

.  n  images,  you  just  change  tliinLpj  fi-om 
.;.c  ..  I  t-l.'^ti^  ]kock6t  to  the  left,  or  il*  yon 
go  abr  'i.  must  do,  in  Beareh  of  otjfor^ 

inc5j  n.  comes  to  your  own  net,  and 

all  the  iat  into  your  own  beUy.  You  smoke 
your  own  incens^  and  if  you  chance  to  be 
lemiBB  in  your  devoiiGiis, you  may  makepeace 
and  atonement  any  way  you  please.  Then,' 
■ays  the  great  brimstone  beast — I  beg  your 
pioxion.  Sir,  excuse  my  liberty  of  speech—*  if 
au"'  '  nmrk  you  are  my  servants,  you 
cii  :id  tell  them  you  are  no  eiich  fools. 

A  formulary  of  religion,  fallow  in 

i )  .1  i  ou  of  your  oountrr  *■ — 

ijder  gtiutleman,  3Ujs.  Pittis,  my 
dear,  rolled  about  in  the  fire^  quite  at  his  case, 
and  said,  *  Very  good,  PhiL  And  what  else 
have  yon  to  aay  of  human  nature  7 '  by  which 
you  w  ill  see  that  he  had  discrimiuation  enough 
to  p<H'ceive  the  value  of  my  observations, 

*  The  resiUt  is,  Sir,'  I  laya  to  him  then,  *  that 
the  whole  human  race  is  a  dancing  and  a 
trumpeting  in  comem,  eveiy  man  singisg 
hymiiB  in  honour  of  hi  self.  And  the  old 
cnemiy  capers  up  and  down  the  country  and 
the  toMTu,  rejoicing  at  the  outcry  which  he 
hears  from  every  lin  iu  his  honour.  A  Mend 
Is  rarer  than  a  phueuix ;  for  no  man  can 
serve  two  Imagt^^i^  jmd  each  sticks  £rmly  by 
his  own/ 

•^*Havo  you  no  oliarity  yourself,  this 
Chi-istmas.  Mr.  Sjiruoe  ] '  enquired  the  king, 
after  he  had  called  to  hie  two  imps  that  they 
should  put  &eah  ooiUb  upon  the  bed,  and  rake 
it  up.  '  \Mwn  I  yns  a  young  man,  8i]^'  said 
I,  *uo  one  could  have  started  in  the  worid 
irith  a  stronger  ^tli  in  human  goodness. 
But  I  've  seen  my  error.  All  the  ways  of 
human  nature  are  humbug,  Sir  i  ae  for  my 
leQow-creatureei,  I've  Vieeu  very  much  de- 
cmved  in  'em.  That 's  all  I  know  in  answer 
to  your  question.* 

'• '  I  understand  you,  Phil,*  the  king  said, 
lounging  liack  upon  the  bed,  and  kindhng  the 
new  ooab  into  a  blaze  around  hun  by  the 
men'  contact  of  h  is  body.  '  You  are  a  plii- 
losopher  out  at  elbowa,  and  therefore  a  little 
out  of  temper  with  the  world.  You  would 
like  best  to  make  your  ohsen^ations  upon 
human  nature  without  being  jostled.  You  'd 
rsthwr  see  the  play  from  a  snug  little  bor, 
Ihan  be  an  actor  in  it,  kicked  about  and 
srorried.'    'Ah,  Sir;  said  I,  'and  where  k 


can 
and 


»nch    a    seat    provided  ? '      *  Philip,    1 
aiswer  that  (jaestion,"  said  the  kin^  j 
*^hat  is  more,  I  can  give  you  f"-    -^.^  ,^:  - 
to  a  snug  private  box,    *  How  e 

3 uite  eagerly.  'The  coal-box,  1.. ^  - 
be  king.  ^I'm  pozsled,  Sir,^  said  I.  'In 
what  way  is  my  condition  to  be  improved  by 
the  act  o'f  sitting  in  a  ooal-box  7  *  ^  That,  my 
dear  Phil,  I  will  make  as  dear  to  you  as  a 
fire  on  a  frosty  ni^ht.  Know,  then,  that  I 
am  King  among  the  Coals.*  I  bowed,  and 
was  upon  the  point  of  kissing  his  extended 
Imnd,    but    drew    back    my  nose  suddenly, 

*  The  c'mder  which  I  now  hive  on  I  w«ar^ 
because  it  is  large  and  taty — in  the  manner  of 
a  drettcing  gown,  when  here  at  home.  I  am^ 
however,  a  spirit,  and  ruler  over  many  other 
spirits  ^miiarly  formed,  Kow,  Phil,  the 
business  and  amusement  of  myself  and  sidv 
ject«  is  to  transfer  ourselves  at  will  into  the 
tenancy  of  any  coal  we  please.  The  scuiUes 
of  the  whole  kingdom  are  our  meeting-houses. 
Every  coal  caat  upon  the  fire,  Phil,  is,  by 
our  means,  animated  with  a  living  spirit. 
It  is  our  amusement,  then,  to  have  a  merry 
sport  among  ounelves ;  and  it  is  our  pri- 
vilege t^  watch  the  scenes  enacted  round 
the  hearths  which  we  enliven.  When  the 
cinder  becomes  cold,  the  spirit  is  again  «e$ 
free,  and  flies,  whither  it  pleaaea,  to  a  new 
abode.'  »• 

*'  Isn^t  that  the  doctrine  of  metamicosis  1  ^* 
asked  the  boy  (a  national  scholar)  tapping 
the  ashes  irom  his  pipe-bowL 

**  It 's  a  thing  I  never  heerd  on,"  said  the 
gamekeeper.    Mr.  Spruce  went  on  ^^ 

***Did  you  never,'  continaetl  his  majeety, 
*■  when  gazing  into  tlie  fire,  see  a  ^oteeooe 
face  glow  b^ore  youl  That  face,  Phil,  iiaa 
been  mine.  You  have  then  aaen  the  king 
among  the  Coals.  If  you  become  a  cinder, 
Mr.  Bpruee,  you  may  conaideT  youivelf  made 
a  judge.' 

**  ^  Well,  ^,'  says  I,  *  your  reverence)  it  'a 
firstly  requisite  to  judge  whether  I  will  or 
won't  sit  down  upon  the  fire.  It 's  my  opinion 
I  won't.  I  'd  like  a  little  more  discussion. 
'Talk  away,  Phil,*  said  the  king.  *  Well, 
Sir,^  BojB  Ij  'since  you're  always  Srlooking 
—leastways  in  winter — through  the  baj»  of 
grates,  it  'a  possible  yoQ  've  seen  a  bit  yourself 
of  human  nature.     Don't  it  fidj^et   you  t ' 

*  WTiy,*  says  he,  *  Phil,'  a-stretchuig  out  his 
arms  for  a  great  yawn  so  suddenly  as  vearj 
nigh  to  set  my  coot  on  fire  witli  his  red  fingemt, 

*  I  have  been  tolerably  patient,  haven^t  1 1 ' 
'  If  it  'a  sarcasm  you  mean,'  aa^'s  I,  a  little 
nettled, '  I  must  say  it 's  a  figure  of  speech  I 
don't  approve  of.' 

"*I  beg  your  pardon,  Sir,*  he  says, 'and 
hc?re  'a  an  answer  to  your  question.  It 's  mv 
opinion,  Mr,  Spruce,  that  as  a  cinder  you  will 
be  agreeably  surprised.  I  do  iiee  people 
sitting  around  me,  now  and  then,  whom  I  can't 
altogether  get  my  coids  to  blaze  for  clieerfiilly. 
They  sit  and  talk  disparagement  about  all 
manner  of  folks  their  neighboucs'ttiaH  V^^o^ik 


1 


» 


^ 


^ 

^ 
^ 
^ 

^ 


cuplKMird  m  thctr  lieiirta  for  hoarding  up  the 
^evaiicf^  tbey  hpcnd  their  lives  in  search intj 
for  ;  thoy  hhUi  the  world,  aii«.l  could  miike 
acandfil  out  of  milktones,  but  if  one  hinta  tlmt 
they  are  erriug,  they  are  up  in  arms  and 
don't  ajipTove  of  sarcasm/     *Sir/  says    1, 

*  you  are  personal.*  *  By  no  means,  Mr, 
Sprace  j  you,  and  a  number  like  ytrti,  are  j^tR«l 
people  in  the  main,  and  deeply  to  be  pitied 
fcr  yoiir  foolish  blunder.  You're  a  philo 
gopher,  Phil/  he  Bays,  *  and  did  you  never 
hear  that  your  "J"  is' the  only  thing  certainly 
existent,  and  that  the  world  without  may  be 
a  sliadow  or  mere  part  of  you,  or  if  external, 
of  no  certain  fonn  or  tint,  having  the  colour 
of  the  medium  through  which  you  view  it — 
your  own  nature.*  Here  I  saw  oecaaion  for  a 
joke.  *  Sir,'  I  says,  *  if  ray  owu  "  1 "  is  the  only- 
thing  certainly  eidsting,  then  the  external 
world  i«  all  my  eye,  which  proves  what  I  pro- 

Sounded.'     His  rfamea  went  dea<l  «dl  of  a  aud- 
en,  and  he  looked  black   from  top  to  toe. 

*  I  am  sure  I  beg  your  pardon.  Sir,'  says  I, 
'  excUBe  niy  liberty.' 

"'He  took  no  verbal  notice  of  what  I  ha<3 
aaid,  but  gave  a  tremendous  shiver,  and  his 
flames  began  to  play  afi^ain.  *  I  'ra  of  a  warm 
and  oh^erhil  turn  of  mind,*  saya  he,  *  and  I 
must  my,  that  whenever  I  look  out  upon  the 
men  and  women  in  the  world,  I  see  them 
warm  and  cheerful,*  '  That 's  nothing  won- 
derful,' said  1 ;  *  it  *a  just  because  you  see 
them  Bitting  round  your  blaze,'  *Woll,' 
nays  he,  *  Mr.  Spruce,  I  'm  ver>'  glad  you  ovai 
so  much;  for  ray  opinion  ia,  that  if  you  ha<l 
ehono  out  cheerhilly  wlien  you  were  in  the 
world,  and  warmed  the  folks  that  came  within 
your  influence — if  you  had  put  a  little  kindly 
glow  into  your  countenance,  you  would  have 
been  surrounded  always  aa  I  generally  am.' 

*  You 're  young,'  aaj^  I,  *and  you  have  had 
no  experience ;  least  ways,  your  experience 
have  not  been  Inunim.  You  'let  Btlrred  when 
you  're  low,  and  people  tend  you  for  their 
own  Bakefl— you  ain't  preyed  upon  by  dii»p- 
pointments.' 

"  *  Young  !  *  said  he  ;  *  disapiKjintnienta  I ' 
And  to  my  horror,  ho  stood  br>lt  npri^jht,  to 
be  impre«aive.  *  Ix>ok  you,  Mr»  Spruce,  the 
yotiuf^n'st  is  the  wiaeat ;  the  child  remembers 
throughout  yetirs  a  happy  day,  and  can  forget 
hia  tears  aa  fast  as  they  evaporate.  He  grows 
UT),  ami  hh  budding  youth  imagines  love. 
Two  or  three  fiuiciea  commonly  precede  his 
love.  Ar  each  of  these  decays,  he,  in  his  in- 
experience, m  eh>quent  about  hia  blighted 
hopes,  hi.«i  dead  firat  love,  and  ao  on.  In  the 
fii'st  blossom  of  hie  manhoo<il,  wintla  are  keen 
to  him — at  his  firat  plunge  into  the  strea-ra  of 
active  life,  he  findii  the  water  cold.  Wlio 
shall  condemn  his  j^hiver  I  But  if  he  is  to  be 
a  healthy  man,  he  will  etrike  out  right  soon, 
and  glow  with  cheerful  ©xerciao  in  buffeting 
the  stream.  Youth,  Mr.  Spruce,  may  be 
allowetl  to  call  the  water  of  the  world  too 
cold,  but  BO  long  only  as  ita  plunge  Is  recent. 
It  ia  a  libel  on  maturity  and  age  to  say  that 


r  to  lov*j  I«8s.    Pi^yed  upon  by 


'T^n/ 

ill  tri:d,     AVho'd 
t !     Trouble  ia  n 


di^ 

"  *  tiay,  rather,  I 
aire  to  swim  in  a  - 

privilege^  believe  me,  Iriend,  to  those  who 
know  from  whose  hami,  fur  what  tmrjkose,  it 
is  Rent.  1  do  not  mejtn  the  trouble  people 
cut  out  for  tliemaelveM  by  ounlling  all  tlie 
nulk  of  kindness  in  their  neighbours.  But 
when  a  man  will  be  a  luan,  wiD  labour  with 
Tnith,  Charity,  and  Self-Reliiuice — alwayi 
frank  an«l  open  in  hia  dealings  —  alwaym 
giving  credit  to  his  neighbours  for  their  good 
deeds,  and  humbly  ub^aining  from  a  judg- 
ment of  what  looks  like  evil  in  their  conduct 
— when  he  knows,  under  Gotl,  no  helj^r  but 
hia  own  brave  heart  and  his  own  untiring 
hand — there  is  no  diaappotntment  in  repidae, 
He  IcaniB  the  leaaon  HeaveQ  teaches  him, 
hi»  F^th  and  Hope  and  Charity  by  conatant 
active  effort  become  strong — ^gloriously  ati-ong 
— juBt  as  the  blacksmith's  right  ami  beoomea 
miglity  by  the  constant  wielding  of  his 
hammer,  DisapjxDintment — ^let  the  coward 
pluck  up  courace— disappointment  is  a  sheet' 
and-pumjikin  miantom  to  the  bold.  I>et  him 
who  has  battled  aide  by  side  with  Troublo 
say  whether  it  was  not  an  angel  sent  to  bo 
his  help.  Find  a  tniehearted  man  whoso 
energies  have  brought  him  safe  through 
years  of  difficulty  j  aak  him  whether  he  found 
the  crowd  to  be  base-natured  through  which 
he  waa  called  upon  to  force  hia  wi\y  i  Be- 
lieve me,  he  will  tell  you  *  No.'  Having  said 
this,  his  majesty  broke  out  into  a  blaxo,  and 
lay  down  in  hia  bed  again.  '  Wtll,'  he  ^d, 
*PInljp,  will  V'^u  come  to  bed  with  ii\eV 

"  *  Why,  Sir,*  Kaid  1,  *  tx)  say  the  best  of  it, 
you  're  under  a  mi8coucei»tion  ;  but  if  it  «  in 
the  nature  of  a  coal  to  take  such  cheerful 
vieii**B  of  things  as  you  appear  to  do,  TM 
rather  be  a  coal  tliaJi  what  1  am.  It  *s  cold 
work  Uv4ng  in  the  flesh,  imch  aa  I  find  it — 
you  aeem  jolly  as  a  hot  cinder,  and  for  the 
matter  of  thatj  what  am  1  now  but  dust  and 
aabes  I    Coke  is  preferable.* 

"  *  Coffin  and  Purse,  you  're  wanted,'  cried 
the  Hjng.  And  indeed,  Mr«.  Pittia,  and  in- 
deed, gentlemen,  I  must  turn  aaiile  one 
minute  to  remark  the  »inguUrity  of  this 
king's  body-guard,  Coffin  and  Purse.  'Cash 
and  Mortality,'  said  the  king  to  me,  '  make 
up,  according  to  your  theory,  the  aim  and 
end  of  man.  So  with  a  couple  of  cinders 
you  can  twit  him  with  hia  degradatiun.  Some- 
times CoJhn,  sometimes  Purie,  lea|>ft  out  into 
his  lap  when  he  is  cogitating/  *  Yes,'  aaid  I, 
'that  will  be  extremely  humorouB.  Bat,^so 
please  your  majesty,  I  still  have  one  objection 
to  joining  your  honourable  body.'  '  What  is 
that,  Phi)  I '  '1  suppose,  if  I  sits  down  in 
them  there  flames  they  '11  bum  me.'  *  To  be 
sure,'  said  the  king,  kicking  up  iiis  heels,  and 
scraping  a  furnace  load  of  live  coal  over  liia 
U»dy,  just  as  you  might  pull  up  the  blanket 
when  you're  in  bed  to-night,   Mrs.  Pittia. 


Well,  your  hijrhneaa/  said  I,  *  how  AlH)ut  the 
jMun  t  *  '  Pnh  !  *  srtya  tlje  king,  '  where  a 
jour  philosobhy  J  Dvl  you  never  see  a  fly 
)UJnp  into  a  lamp-fLune  ]  *  Yea,  mire/  I  an- 
swored.  *  And  what  happened  then  ?  A 
BMsneut's  cra^^kli',  and  an  I'lid  of  it  You  We 
no  timo  to  feel  pain.*  *  Well,  then,*  aaid  I, 
'if  your  majesty  will  make  a  hole  for  me  as 
ntor  the  middle  as  ia  convenient  to  yourself 
I  will  jump  into  the  bed  straightway/  The 
king  nuule  a  gjeat  spatter  among  the  coak^ 
and  in  I  jumped.  You  know  ma'am,  that  a 
great  part  ot  our  bodlea  ]&  comp</sed  of 
water. 

**  I  don*t  know  that  of  any  gentleman  in 
tl  ■  replied  the  landlady.    *'  But  I  do 

1  it  you  are  two  parts  built  out  of 

'  111.  11  was  a  bui-st — a  flaakt  gentlemen  ; 
the  lii^uid  port  of  me  went  oif  in  UL<9t£Lnta' 
neous  steam.  I  cried  out  with  a  sharp  bum  in 
my  foot.  The  pot  was  boiling  over  furiously 
tliat  contained  our  bit  of  dinner  ;  and  as  I 
sat  close  in  to  the  fire,  I  got  considerably 
scalded.  How  1  got  bade  in  the  steam  to  my 
own  tiPeside,  I  never  rightly  comprehended. 
Fill  the  can  now,  Mr»,  Pittia.'' 

*'  Yes,"  wild  the  landlady,  "but  let  me  tell 
you,  Mr.  Spruces  t^bat  king  of  the  hearth's  ia  a 
ffentlemati,  and  if  you  r^y  had  gone  with 
Uie  coalti  and  got  acquaint^  with  fire-aides, 
it  wouM  have  doue  you  a  great  deal  of 
good.  You  'd  have  owned  then  that  there  ia 
%  mighty  tlcal  more  love  than  hatred  in  the 
woruL  Yon  M  have  heanJ  round  fdniost  any 
keai'th  you  chose  to  play  eavealropper  to, 
houfl^hoid  woixIb,  auything  but  hard  or  bitter. 
s  uU  do  not  pay  their  auores  with  me, 

1  whole  I  live.    Some  of  our  human 

natures  may  run  tennagant ;  but  on  the 
wilole  we  men  and  women  love.  Among  the 
wont  are  those  who  won't  bear  quietly  their 
share  of  work,  who  can't  learn  self-reliance, 
but  nm  to  and  fro  squealing  for  help,  and 
talking  sentiment  against  their  neighbours^ 
who  won't  carry  their  burdens  for  them.  It  'a 
all  very  well  for  a  musty,  discontented  old 
bachelor,  t*D  aav  there  *8  no  love  in  the  world, 
but  it  'a  a  falsehood.    I  know  better." 

"My  itif»«'s  out^"  said  the  boy.  "Be 
fflnart  there  with  the  'baiasy." 


LIFE  IN  AN  ESTANCIA, 

THIRD   PART. 

The  horse  department,  although  in  point  of 
talte,  it  is  greatly  inferior  to  that  of  the  homed 
cattle,  ia  the  right  arm  of  the  eatancdero.  It 
is  to  him  precisely  what  horses  are  to  an  army ; 
lor  HH  mthout  them  an  army  could  neither 
convey  it«  artillerj%  baggage,  nor  stores,  so, 
without  horses,  the  eatanciero  conld  neither 
collect  his  cattle,  nor  keep  them  together 
when,  at  curtain  periods,  it  is  neceseary  to  do 
so.  There  is,  nlnf*,  at  certxun  s^isons^  work  to 
be  done  wliich  requires  both  the  mpeed  and 
strength  of  the  hora«  to  aaaist  the  men  to 


perform  it.  For  an  Estancia  to  fxtssesa  an 
effective  supply,  I  considei-  that  ench  peon 
ought  to  liave  ten  sound  hones  assigned  to 
him.  There  ought,  also,  to  )i6  a  certain 
number  reserved  lor  fipecial  bv\  '    lepen- 

dent  of  those  required  for  tli-  >ur  of 

the  establishment.  Liable  as  Uic-  u.  r«ea  are 
to  accidents,  and  lame<I  from  so  many  cOiUMeB 
when  galloping  at  the  top  of  thtir  s^&l  over 
whatever  ^ound  the  rider  findB  in  his  way, 
it  will  be  iound  that  out  of  ten  horses  thr«e 
or  four  are  from  one  cause  or  ^lulher  put 
/tors  dt  ctmdtaiy  and  require  to  be  left  at  ease 
for  some  time.  They  are  not  fed,  aa  in 
Enghuid,  on  hay  and  com,  but  turned  out  all 
the  year  round.  Let  the  weather  be  as  it  may, 
the  season  favourable  or  unfavourable  aa 
regai-ds  the  supply  of  food,  the  horse  must 
still  do  his  work..  Afler  he  has  been  engaged 
all  the  morning  in  collecting  the  ctittle,  the 
peon  brings  him  to  the  corrfd  drvnuh«d  with 
sweat,  ana  in  that  state  he  is  unsiuddled,  and 
turned  adrift.  The  man  then  saddles  another, 
and  that  one,  in  his  turn,  has  to  work  idl  day, 
is  tethered  all  night,  and  next  morning  at 
day-break  ia  taken  out  to  collect  the  cattle, 
and  that  done,  he  is  let  go  in  the  same  state 
as  the  other,  let  the  weather  be  ever  bo  in- 
clement. It  is  this  which  founders  the  horses 
and  soon  rendera  them  imfit  for  the  work  of 
the  rodio  ;  they  are  then  tui*ned  over  to  the 
secondarv  duty,  or  given  to  the  shepherds, 
to  tend  the  sheep. 

In  order  to  secure  a  good  supjjly  of  colta^to 
make  good  the  wear  and  tear  of  the  year. 
herds  of  brood  marea  are  kept,  which  yield 
un  amiual  supply.  The  small  neixis  are  ctdled 
nuinddajif  and  consist  of  from  twenty-five  to 
thirty  marea,  and  over  them  presides  the 
father  of  the  family.  The  way  in  which  these 
juajuidat  are  brought  together,  is  as  follows  ; 
From  such  of  the  other  herds  as  have  too 
many  females,  you  part  off  &om  tweuty-hve  to 
thirty  mares.  These  are  delivered  over  to  the, 
horse,  and  with  blm  shut  up  in  the  corral  fo 
the  night.  Observe  him  well,  and  see  how 
pays  Lis  addresses  to  them  all  in  turn,  and 
triea  to  ingratiate  himaolf  with  the  ladies  of 
his  harem. 

They  seem  to  feel  their  separation  from 
their  old  friends  and  companions,  and  look 
cool  and  indifferent  upon  the  gallant  bride* 
groom.  At  sunrise  they  ai-e  let  out,  and  a 
peon  is  appointed,  to  ssaist  the  hoi-se  to  keep 
them  together.  Presently  one  jade  bolts  away 
at  iiill  speed,  and  tries  to  regain  her  old 
accustomed  herd.  Away  goes  the  horse  la 
chase,  and  as  he  overhauls  uer,  with  Ids  ears 
laid  back,  and  his  nose  to  the  gixtuud,  he  oom- 
pelH  her  return  quickei*  than  she  weut  away. 
lialT  in  play,  and  half  ia  earnest,  he  snatches 
at  her  haunches,  whilst  she,  well  aware  that 
she  has  done  amiss,  looks  as  full  of  fear  aa  it 
is  possible  for  a  runaway  to  do.  Before  lifS 
has  got  well  breathed,  another  starts  oif  in 
the  opposite  direction.  After  her  gpea  tlift 
horse,  and  the  jUt  la  Wovl^^X  WgV  tiX  \>aa  V*s^ 


234 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


of  lier  epcil.  This  cmitmues  nc&rlj  all  tdi« 
duy,  and  at  night  they  are  a^^un  locked  up. 
Next  duy  the  same  game  goes  otif  tbo  home 
j^tili  ojBaidted  by  a  -weil-moiink't  peon;  uatil, 
&t  ^e  ond  of  et^bt  or  tan  days,  their  acquaiut- 
anoo  u  made.  If  any  remain  refractory,  they 
r^-  *^"r''.TO  down,  the  axe  applied  to  one  of 
of  the  hind  legs ;  it  ie  cut  to  the 
I  tlnis  piinialiocl,  she  ia  compelled 
tteen  or  twenty  davB,  until  the 
I  liiTL    By  that  time  she  becomes 

reoondieil^  and  the  mnnddti  ia  entublada^  and 
leeop  together*  They  .a>.'  then  condncted  to  a 
quiet  port  of  the  grouud,  apart  from  the  other 
herde,  in  order  to  pi^ovent  collkion  between 
the  horses  of  the  different  famiii<w. 

This  is  the  way  iu  which  one  mamdda  is 
eBtabltshed.  I^t  me  now  deeoribe  the  mode 
in  which  several  nmndda*  are  founded  at  tho 
Bune  time* 

Let  US  suppose  that  five  huQdrc<l  marea  are 
to  bo  parted  otf  from  the  different  herds,  and 
tlmt  tweuty-five  hones  are  selected  to  form 
their  Eituro  (amilies.  Tha  first  thing  to  be 
done  is  to  throw  down  the  maree,  and  oat  to 
the  qinck  one  of  the  hoofs  of  the  hind  l^a, 
I   '  ire  that  the  neai*  aidu  hoof  be  cut  in 

in  order  that  they  nwiy  all  Ump  iu 
f,nv  uuxf^iioa,  They  ai^e  then  euolosed  with 
thu  liorsea^  and  at  daylight  next  morning  are 
let  out  to  grtize.  A  peon  is  appointed  to  look 
after  thorn,  and  prevent  tlienL  extending  too 
far  over  the  gvotmd.  As  soon  u  the  peon 
observes  that  any  one  of  the  hocees  has  got  as 
many  mares  to  follow  him  as  are  soffiment  to 
fbrm  A  ifjuandda^  ha  informa  the  capitaz,  and 
they  are  aJlowod  to  i-emain  at  huge,  whilst 
Others,  lees  aoeia],  are  condemned  to  be  shut 
up  in  the  potrero,  Aa  the  peon  reports  doily, 
that  the  chttmUf  the  browTk,  or  the  Ixit/  horse 
baa  made  up  his  complement,  they  aro  seve- 
,-,11,.  «.:*■  ^i  liberty,  with  their  future  aharge, 
he  end  of  the  month  the  whole  is 

When  I  have  ooeaidon  to  go  to  the  Vigi- 
lante, as  soon  asr  I  anive  my  norae  is  unsad- 
dled and  tm-ned  loose.  Having  taken  water 
and  ^niaed  awhile,  he  returns  to  the  Estanoio, 
rmd  loins  Iub  mandda.  As  soon  as  the  horse 
whifiui  I  have  saddled  at  the  Yi^dante  arrives 
and  is  unsaddled  here,  he  immediately  retuiiLS 
home,  and  seeks  the  herd  to  which  he  be- 
longs. The  whole  system  is  this  : — the  horse 
keeps  the  mares  together,  the  colts  aud  tdliea 
follow  their  toother,  and  the  Bftddlj>4ioriea 
oleavo  to  tha  herd  in  whieh  they  have  been 
bred  and  reared.  As  the  colts  reach  the 
proper  age  (three  years)  they  are  given  to  the 
pjBona  to  break  in  for  the  dailv  duty  of  the 
Estancia.  Eacjh  vumdekt  has  from  tifbcen  to 
twenty  saddle-horses  attached  to  it;  and 
theee  ai^  brought  to  the  eox^  in  rotation 
for  the  men  to  change  alter  coUeeting  the 
cattle  in  the  morning,  When  about  to  go 
a  joursey,  I  tell  the  capataa  to  bilng  me 
the  UacU  horte,  thti  roan^  the  thttnul,  ur  Ihe 
mrM;  and  he  gives  the  order  to  his  deputy. 


who  knows  in  which  maiidda  he  is  domer* 
ticated.  It  is  brought  to  the  corral,  and  t^ 
horse  I  order  ia  caught  with  the  huco,  and 
saddled  for  me.  When  I  reach  any  of  tha 
mora  distant  pnestos,  ns  soon  as  the  capataa 
presenia  himself,  imd  the  usnal  '"buenoo 
dias  "  have  been  exchanged^  the  grst  questioti 
ia^  "  Do  you  wiah  to  change  hor»?,  Seiior  ? " 
'^  Let  this  go,  and  saddle  me  the  tordlUo^^  and 
away  goes  the  peon,  brings  up  tlie  herd,  and 
the  m^  'm  Lmmetiiately  at  my  dimosal ;  on 
him.  X  ride  from  Sta.  I^d>el  to  the  vigilante^ 
or  San  Martiu,  let  him  go  there,  and  saddle 
another  to  bring  me  home.  Each  hoDW,  as 
soon  as  dismieaied,  returns  to  the  herd, 
although  the  distanna  wm  from  ten  to  fifteen 
miles. 

Apirt  from  these  herds  of  horses  already 
described,  we  have  small  troops  of  horftes 
ftccustomed  to  go  together  in  ooniftnTHA^  \k\\\  ^ 
mnre  selected  for  th^  purpose,  aii  ^d 

inadnna.    These  are  reserved  for  ^  nr 

Bcrvice,  and  are  called  tropUlat.  The  burses, 
which  generally  cousist  of  ten  or  twelve^  t\ro 
selected  of  one  colour,  and  the  mare,  to  render 
her  more  distingmshable,  is  aa  different  as 
possible  from  the  horses.  For  instancei  ft 
tropilla  of  black  hozBcs  will  generally  have 
a  wbito  mare ;  she  waara  a  bell  su^iended 
from  bur  neck,  so  that  the  banes,  at  night, 
ma^  hear  the  sound,  and  prevent  them  from 
parting  company. 

The  mode  of  foiming  th«e  tr^viffiju  do* 
psnds  upon  circmnstances ;  if  the  borsns  are 
all  ready,  they  are  put  with  the  madrina* 
kept  together  by  iIav,  and  at  night  eiiclosed 
in  the  corral,  until  they  are  accuHtomLHi  to 
each  other,  and  form  an  attachmuut  to  the 
mare.  When  the  horaee  are  not  all  at  ouoe 
put  with  the  mare^  you  m-ooeed.  '■, 

to  neok<<M>Uar  tham  with  iter,  and  :  -> 

aiewdaya togetiier;  youthen  oaai  <i.'  ..^i^ 
qSl,  and  neck-oolhur  another,  and  so  vu,  imtil 
you  complete  the  number  requiiv«l.  It  is 
necessary  to  keep  the  tropiUai  as  much  ae 
possible  from  the  manddcu^  to  prevent  tUem 
mixing,  as  the  hozM  is  apt  to  carry  off  the 
mare,  and  the  horses  of  tlie  tropiUa,  left  to 
themselves,  would  se])anite  nStvr  they  lasl} 
the  madiitut.  The  piincipal  value  of  the 
tropiUat  is,  that  they  can  be  token  to  aaj 
distance  where  the  capataz  requires  them, 
and  at  night  he  places  a  sort  of  fetter  or 
handcuff^  upon  the  fore-ancle  of  the  mare  to 

Erevent  her  from  going  to  a  distance,  and  the 
oraes  stick  by  her  aU  night.  They  appear 
to  difltingniah  the  sound  of  tlieir  own  bell,  for 
if  twenty  tropUlas  are  near  each  other,  each 
horse  remains  by  Uie  side  of  hia  madri^ia;  and 
a  careful  peon,  if  he  ohancaa  to  loee  the  bell 
from  the  neck  of  his  mare,  will  always  abut 
up  the  tropilla  for  a  lew  nighta,  tmtil  tha 
horaes  become  accustomed  to  the  tone  of  tha 
new  one.  We  have  here  aevan  tropiUas  of 
twelve    horses    euch,  reaertad    for    special 


purposea. 

With  these  sketches  of  tha  equina  eoouomy 


A  VISIT  TO  THB  EBOIS'IBAErGENERA  L. 


23S 


of  a  South  JLmericAa  EstAnda  I  concl 
Tljts  life  I  lead  b^  you  peroeive,  a  lonely  i 
bat  it  k  not  without  it»pi\)6t  and  gratification. 


A  nsrr  to  the  registh^r- 

XJUfs  of  thouBUicis  of  people  every  year  pua 
ftkaig  WcUiugtan  tStreet^  on  their  wny  irr>nt 
the  Strand  to  Waterloo  Bndge^  and  Ci 
tho  empty  sptice  over  the  wmI  ou  the   i 
bnnd^  bettweeu  the  last  of  the  shops  and  the 
tuxnttile  of  the  tolI>collector,  and  when  doing 
so,  can  Boaroely  foil  to  note  ako  the  tall  brick 
honK-baoks  which  bound  the  space,  and  give 
jii«  ■  '     *   Took  to  what  seems  to  be  an 

\i  ueraet  HouBc    Perhaps  not 

t  uLHusoad  of  tliat  multifude  knows 

\.  ".  o  last  of  those  common-place  biick 

Lu..u».^»  ooat^un,  or  tho  spot  would  at  once 
be  in(«r««tbf .    The  phu«  would  no  longer  be 
a  mass  of  dingy  brick  and  mortar,  but  would 
grow  in  interest  as  the  centre  to  which  cornea 
tile  eaihesti  and  most  authentic^  and  indiere 
xvnuuua  the  most  laittn^  record  of  the  three 
giiaat  epoehfl  in  the  exuftenoe  of  our  great 
nmDy  of  twenty  odd  niillioua  of    Enul:  ' 
people — the  bii-ths,  the  mariia^eBf  and  dv 
— «f  tho  nation.     The  v^  '     ^    t:>o  woiuu 
evPftU  into  the  sembltoce  v  lok,  with 

Igasrca  aa  endlesB  aa  the  ilj-;  ...  .nn  gtveam 

near  by  j  namea  in  hundreda,  thooaanda,  tena 
of  thouaanda,  milliotna — almoat  aa  countlea*  aa 
the  ripjilea  of  the  Thames^  and^  like  them^ 
c%  cr  and  ever  repeated, 

t  bumble  and  the  most  lofty-  are 
>.  iiiko  in  the  parchmtut  ind^^xes  of 

ti..    ..     V    junr  i>    lijust*. — th o unwelcome oif- 

s^ J I  ■  I  ^  <  I  ;  :    1      I      .  and  the  cambric-clsui  heir 
oi  '.'."  i"  -:■  ;  '!;  ■  •■.■>\X\:s  of  Thomau  Nokea 
wj    1  ^  I        >  ;    !       i     frishionable  alliance 

r;         '  111    I      ij.ji  J  Fitz  Philp  with  the 

I  1      \  ivaaour;  the  deatb  of  the 

i  ... ...  ^,4^1,  ui  the  outcast  in  the  hospital, 

good  man  amid  hia  family,  of  the  noble 
li  palace — aU  alike  have  their  reconi 
in  the  archivea  of  the  place.  Paces  enough 
to  line  Waterloo  Bridge  from  end  to  end— 
tona  weight  of  p^aper  and  of  parcbnient — are 
needed  for  all  thia.  But  there  they  are.  Each 
toau  posted  out  in  hia  inght  place-^chronicled 
and  certified  with  official  exactnesa — and  all 
in  <uch  strictly  alphabetical  order,  that  the 
record  of  him  may  be  found  at  any  time  in  a 
mairellously  few  minutes.  Smith,  or  Jones, 
who  hurries  acroea  Waterloo  Bridge  to  see 
his  newly-wedded  wife,  little  thinks  that  a 
whole  houaeftill  of  clerks  arc  at  that  moment 
passing  the  entry  of  the  "  happy  event"  fram 
room  to  room,  till  it  is  finally  and  correctly 
etat^i  and  bound  up  in  the  archivea  of  the 
Thomi^son,  or  Jackaon,  who  are 
unting  outside  the  Watedoo  'bus, 
w^  uiiuie  the  best  of  their  way  to  Camberwell, 
i  tbeir  fiist-bom  is  being  dressed  out  for 

10  ehriatenmg,  don't  know  that  the  litde 
innocent  will  shortly  be    inscribed  on  the 


li'xes  of  tho  gttmd  muster- roll 
i  nation  ;  nor  is  that  heart- 
broken widow,  just  pajdng  one  of  her  last 
halfpence  to  cross  the  bridpt\  aware  that  the 
note  of  lior  partner  ^  '  '  ^  already  paswd 
into  the  black  volm  Itegistznr;  and 

that  in  tho  cellar-fltiui ,  .ictr|j  aown  there  over 
the  wall,  a  zealous  physlcixin,  searchini^  for 
♦'^'•r^  about  mortality,  htm  just  numbfrfiTbim 
ri^st  the  tbouaanils  of  other  vi  > 

year  by  year  the  early  victima  oi         :     ;- 
less  spectre — Consumption* 

This  enumeration  of  the  people  is  not 
merely  startUng  or  cnriona — ^it  is  most  im* 
portant  Ibr  a  variety  of  purposes.  In  qnea- 
tioDB  of  Buoceasion  to  property,  regiaten  oi 
births,  marriages  and  deaths,  are  moa^  eoMOi- 
tiaL  The  facts  collected  under  tlr-  '"~*-tti 
throw  great  liglit  upon  the  causes  i 

the  health  of  the  people,  thereby  u....^p,  vo 
show  how  sicknesB  may  be  avoided,  and  life 
be  lengthened.  The  number  of  marriages 
in  any  given  period  affords  an  unciTing 
indeK'  to  the  opinions  entertained  by  the 
])t»opIe  of  their  prospects  in  the  worhL 
When  they  are  w«>ll  off,  they  maiiy  ;  when 
ly    off,    ui  is    at    a    discount, 

listthedeji  te  by  their  increase 

uit-  p,*Bt  auffeniii^s,  nr  by  their  oompamtive 
fewness,  the  pix>Hp?rity  of  the  massea.  The 
returns  to  the  llegistrar,  therefore,  are  a 
kind  of  barometer  of  the  real  state  of  the 
nation,  valuable  alike  to  the  philosopheT,  tiie 
statesman,  the  phygieiaui  the  lawyer,  and  the 
man  of  business. 

Unfortunately,  the  present  mode  of  Eegia- 
tration  has  only  boen  m  operation  since  )837. 
Before  that  time  idmost  the  only  re<xrrd  of 
births,  deaths,  and  marriages,  was  in  the 
pariah  registers,  and  how  miaerabiyimjjerfectly 
such  boolcs  were  kept,  was  shown  in  the 
evidence  taken  befoi-e  a  Parliamentary  Com* 
mittee  appointed  at  the  suggeation  of  the 
dissenters  to  inquiie  into  the  subject.  Since 
that  year — ^that  is^  in  the  twelve  years  and 
three-quarters  between  1838  and  the  autumn 
of  1850,  the  enormous  number  of  one  million 
six  hundred  and  thirty-five  thousand  eiglit 
hundi'ed  and  ten  men,  and  an  equal  number, 
of  course,  of  women,  have  been  mai-ried  in 
England  and  Wales ;  six  millions^,  eight 
hundred  and  one  thousand,  two  hundral  and 
live  children  have  been  bom ;  tmd  four 
millions  seven  hundred  and  twenty  thousand 
and  seventv-foiu-  persons  have  died.  Tho 
names  of  alf  these,  with  various  circumstances 
connected  with  them^  have  been  chromcled 
in  the  Eegistrar'a  office !  How  tliis  labour 
was  accomplished — and  how  day  by  day  and 
year  by  year  it  is  now  progressing,  as  fresh 
births,  deaths,  and  marriages,  are  perpetually 
demanding  notice — ^let  us  now  demonstrate. 

The  office  where  this  system  of  national 
l»ook -keeping  ^es  on,  is  The  General  Register 
(D^ffice,  and  to  tmd  it,  we  mu.'iit  walk  from  the 
bustle  of  the  Strand,  into  the  handaorasi 
1  quadrangle  of  Som«r»^  ^aouiic^  «iA  *Cfi«Ttf» 


230 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


icotuUttuAkr 


mio  Somerset  Place.  In  the  fine  old  times  of 
hea'^'T  saloriea  aii«  I  light  work,  the  hoUHca  were 
'  ed  to  the  pnvate  co«ufort  of  difr«.'rcnl 
the  Governiueut ;  but  now-a-^iavH, 
BQxuv  ill  I'  ;i-i  "T  tlifiu  are  etDployc'd  for  the 
mmt  UBef u  i       I  I  !  I  i '}  purpoaes. 

Tl  1  rr  ■  f ' )  r  1  _  I  ;  •  I  '.'I  hm;  I  '^'  I" ,  mud  nsrendiiig  a 
8tom-  -.'ii',  V,  I  -.r'  i:-!n'r--!l  jiiti.  a  room  whure, 
surri'Uipii.J  wr.li  lunus  lavi  lKX)kAf  fiita  the 
cotiiiuaiider-iuHiihief  ot  the  openitioiis  we  wiah 
to  inspect — Miyor  Graham,  the  Re|{iatrjur- 
Geiier:»l.  Seated  at  bia  d^sk,  with  hia  blue- 
booka  and  uct^  of  parliaiiicnt,  and  the  forms 
ftcd  returns  we  phall  preacutlj  know  more 
about,  he  may  be  retjanled  as  the  centre  of 
A  gnuid  ]»iece  of  oflicial  meehamfim,  which 
hits  itiuiiticatioiitt  all  over  the  comrtry  so 
complete,  aa  to  embrace  not  only  large  towns 
liud  oj)en  country,  but  the  moat  secluded 
villages,  iwd  the  most  obscure  city  coui'ta. 
He  hii^,  L»ejiides  his  staff  iii  Somei-^et  Phice, 
tli»?  euiitrol  of  six  hundred  and  twenty- 
four  otticei'B,  cidled  Buperintendeut-ri^fiatrflja, 
each  ill  an  tdJotted  district — generally  a  poor 
law  union.  Under  these  BuperintendnDtK 
there  are  two  thouaand  one  hundred  and 
ninety  recfiMti-aj'^ ;  ihun  making  altogether 
a  perfect  littie  iiniiy  of  two  Ihonaand  ei|^ht 
hwnilreil  and  fotirtuen  officials,  charged  with 
the  duty  of  keeping  a  coiTect  record  of  the 
births  tmd  deiithn,  and  of  the  disaeutera* 
marriaifea.  The  weddings  BolemniJied  in  the 
old-fashioned  way,  in  the  pariah  chiUTh,  or 
by  license  by  a  clergjTnan  of  the  e^atftbliah- 
nicnt,  are  Htlll  rejjfistered  by  the  clergy  ; 
and  tliia  aiids  to  tlie  lijtt  of  the  llegiatraT' 
General's  corresjHtJU dents  no  lew  a  number 
than  twelve  thounand  j^enllemen.  Adding 
all  to;.^'Hther,  then,  we  find  no  less  than  four- 
teen thousand  contributors  to  the  volumeB  of 
Somerset  PlactN  without  counting  divers 
perw»nM  who  attend  to  the  marriages  of  Jews 
and  Quakeni.  The  registrars  are  people  in 
Very  various  grades  of  life.  Some  are  lawyers ; 
Home  doctors ;  some  fanuera ;  some  ahop- 
keepers ;  some  pariah  clerks ;  some  school- 
maatera  ;  some  aextons*  Their  qualifications 
are  as  various  aa  their  callings.  Some  write 
like  print ;  and  wome  indulge  fa  the  Irlghtful 
Bcrawb  w hich  form  the  preat  miaeiy  of  lite  to 
those  who  have  to  work  out  their  retuma. 
Scores  of  hom-a  are  lost  in  the  London  office, 
and  hundreds  of  letters  are  written  bi  the 
year,  l>ecaufle  registrars  in  the  coimtry  will 
persifit  in  making  no  difference  between  u'b 
and  UB^  and  l>etween  ti^g  and i'a.  Thia,  which 
Becnis  so  unimportant  a  matter  at  tirHt  sight, 
and  which,  in  ordinaiy  coiresjKjndeuce,  reaUy 
18  comparatively  iinimjxjiiitiit,  becomea  a 
aerioua  affair  when  it  afecta  the  entry  of  a 
namo  in  books  tliat  arc  to  be  the  legid  evi- 
dence of  a  birtli,  or  a  inamage,  or  a  death. 
But  the  fine  flowing,  faahionable  writing- 
ra filter  hand  ia  equal^''  the  horror  of  all  who 
deal  with  such  documents.  The  primitive 
pi.>thook-aj]id-hangei ,  plain,  schoolboy-looking, 
writing,  ia  which  cacli  letter  luta  it«  own  di*- 1 


tinctive  though  awkward  character^  la  th«tr 
delight.    The  fourteen  thousand 

"  Cblela  mnus  ^u  tak'lng  notei  ^ 

have  of  course  to  be  supplied  with  regular 
books,  and  forma,  and  niles,  and  the  laame 
and  accountr-keeping  of  these  forma,  ia  in 
it«?lf  a  lal»orious  and  oneroua  duty.  Tho 
books  are  oblong  folio*,  with  lirap^  leather 
covers,  which  permit  of  rolling  up,  if  nece»- 
aary,  when  the  Registrar  gets  off  from  his 
house  to  go  over  nia  district  in  aearch  of 
subjects  for  entry  on  the  pages.  The  books 
are  thrt^e  in  number  ;  and  the  colour  of  the 
cover  of  each  indicates  its  purpose).  Births 
are  bound  in  a  cheerful  red ;  the  contriver 
of  the  marriages'  book  waa  evidently  deter- 
mine<i  to  have  a  joke  carried  into  every 
wudding-porty, — for  the  marriages  are  clad  ui 
ifi'tftti;  whilst  the  third  book  in  its  cover 
indicates  its  serious  purpose :  the  deatha  are 
black. 

It  seema  a  atmple  matter  enough  to  make 
an  entry  in  an  official  book,  all  ruled  ready 
for  the  pui-pose,  and  to  make  that  entry 
at  the  proper  time,  and  with  the  needful 
formality  ;  and  yet  it  is  found  that  when 
thousands  of  different  persons  have  iliis 
simple  duty  divided  amongst  them,  it  ia  diffi- 
cult, aluioat  to  iu)ix)8aibihty,  to  get  the  thing 
done  with  accuracy.  To  promote  the  object 
in  view  all  the  plans  that  intrennit.v  con  con- 
trive are  adopted.  The  printed  forms  are 
abundantly  aupplied ;  inspectors  are  con*' 
atantly  going  about  tlie  countiy  to  f>Tamino 
the  books,  give  Bug^cfitlona,  and  r^^  «^^ 

character  and  quMifications  of  lb* 
Letters  are  eternally  issuin*^  t 

Place,  pointing  out  any   iri  1 

insiatin^  upon  correction  ;  anu  ;ii«ur-  asi  iiiia, 
a  "  general  caution  "  is  enclosed  in  the  pages 
of  each  register  book,  recounting  how  certain 
nuwloera  have  met  with  punisliment.  Here 
is  a  liat  of  sinAera  gibbetted  ius  a  warning  to 
negligent  Kagistrars : — 

Tlio  RegistnrOenond  wishes  it  to  1  ly 

understood,  that  tho  commiasion  of  ai!  >> 

irregularitiea  specified  below  cannot  L^  ,  .  ..  -  _d 
bv  him  to  pnaa  with  impunity.  A  Hi^gistnur  of 
births  and  deaths  in  the  City  of  London,  was 
publicly  dismisied,  25tb  April  1S46,  for  haviQg 
(•artod  with  the  oostody  of  one  of  hia  n^^ister 
bookis,  and  having  made  part  of  an  entry,  with  the 
intention  of  obtaimng  the  sagnaturo  of  tho  infor- 
mant io  it  at  a  subsequent  period.  Another 
Ilegiatrar  at  Askrigg.  Yorkshire,  waa  publicly  di»- 
rnitnued,  22nd  Nov.  1345,  for  having  inserted  fialae 
dfttea  of  rcgiatiAtion  in  his  r^i^rbook  of  burtha. 
[Ho  hnil  thereby  rendered  himself  liable  to  be 
proeccuted  for  felony].  A  third  Registrar  at 
LiBkcai-d  was  fmblicly  ilismiBaed,  11th  Jaooary 
1847,  for  having  omitted,  for  wrvenil  weeks,  to 
inform  himaelf  of  tho  births  and  doathn  tliftt  Iiad 
occurred  within  his  district,  and  having  omitted, 
without  reasonable  cause,  to  register  c-ertaiu  deaths 
respecting  which  he  had  reeeived  due  notice.  [Ho 
had,  by  the  hitter  irregularity,  rendered  himself 
liable  to  a  fine  of  fifty  pound*  on  anmuMiiy  ooop 


(iMi(*oi«i*fl*4 


A  VISIT  TO  THE  REGISTRAB-GENEBAL. 


Tiction  before  the  mo^strtLtos  upon  tho  compUuit 
of  ftoy  oominou  informer  or  other  person].  A 
fourth  Re$[istmr  at  WoKtbourn,  Suaaex,  was  pul> 
llidy  disntissed,  30th  iLirch  1848,  for  not  bftving 
ISUtde  tbe  wbolo  of  »n  entry  (tlac  fngnaturc  of  the 
fiRegiatrar  included)  at  tlic  time  and  in  the  presence 
©f  the  infomumi;  the  entry  having  been  com- 
pleted, nnd  Iho  Bignature  of  the  R^jp^strar  attached 
to  it,  in  the  ftb«enoc  of  the  iafoimant,  and  after 
the  iuformoDt  bad  »gncd  it  But  a  worse  case 
Btill  fotlowji;  a  Registrar  at  Liverpool  was  pub- 
liclT  di^tmiaaed,  9tU  September  134S,  for  having 
wilmlly  made  a  (ohw  and  counterft^it  register  of  a 
pretended  birth.  For  this  offence  ho  was.  Decern 
ber  1S48,  tried  at  the  oaiize,  convicted  of  felony, 
and  Bentencod  to  sax  months'  imprisonment  with 
luucdkboor. 

By  dint  of  incessant  tigiUmce,  in  the  detec- 
tion of  misl»ktia,  aud  by  instant  api>IicHtioiUi 
to  the  authora  of  errora  for  immediatHtj  cor- 
Fecttona,  the  entries  all  over  the  country  are 
finnlly  obtaiuefl  with  a  rcmnrkublc  degree  of 
ii'acy.  In  the  courso  of  thrt-e  months  the 
ii umber  of  entries  in  different  difitricte  vaties^ 
of  ctmrse,  enonnouBly.  In  Mjuylebone  or  St. 
Fancnm,  for  instance,  there  will  be  huudreda 
of  birtba,  and  deaths,  and  mnrKages  bj  banns, 
]»y  Registrars  and  by  dissenters,  according  to 
ihi'  various  forms  of  Methodists,  Jews,  and 
ikers ;  whilst  in  remote  idaees,  the  quarter 
«  a  year  may  pass  by  without  a  dozen  claims 

>n  the  attention  of  the  registering  officei*. 

lere  there  is  most  to  be  done,  there  the 
work  is  naually  done  beat,  because  the  fees 
mro  ,MirKi  'h  in  amount  tomoite  the  duty  worth 
to;  whilst  in  fipoia  where  a  Ite- 
j^uarterly  bill  amounts,  ijerhaps,  to 
ten  ahiiliugs,  it  is  not  very  marvellous  that 
ho  should  ba  somewhat  indifferent  about  a 
taak  so  little  remtinerati  f e.  In  distant  and 
ninl  places,  the  Eegisti-ara  get  very  few^  fees 
lor  weddings.  Tlie  church  still  holds  its 
ancient  sway  in  that  respect.  But  in  large 
towns  like  'London,  Manchester,  Liverpool, 
and  Birmingham,  many  "happy  couples'* 
contribute  to  the  emoluments  of  Major 
Graham's  Officers. 

The  uio<le  of  miuT3riiig  away  from  church 
or  chapf;l  has  still,  however,  y.">ut  Uttle  jxtpu- 
larity.  JIade  legal  to  satisfy  the  acrupltsi  of 
I  Titers,  even  they  seem  to  award  it  so  little 
i  '  mage,  that  the  forma  are  c«>mparatively 
uiikuown  amongst  the  nutss  gf  the  people. 
*•  Putting  up  the  banns,"  aud  holiday  dotbca, 
Wid  while  gloves,  and  vdls,and  church  aisles. 
And  ringing  bells,  have  been  BolongaMooiatea 
with  the  luitional  idea  of  a  wedding,  that  it  is 
not  unusual,  after  the  brief  forms  of  a 
matrimoniai  engagement  at  the  office  of  the 
Begistrar  have  oeen  gone  through,  and  the 
parties  are  as  legaUy  man  and  wife  aa  Acts 
of  Parliament  can  make  them,  for  the  Udy  to 
raiae  an  objeetion  to  the  proceedings. 

'^  Is  it  all  over  7  '*  aska  a  surprised  and 
trembling  voice. 

**  Yes,*  says  the  HcgistrAr,  bowing  and 
■miling,  "  that  is  all.    You  are  man  aod  wife.'* 


**  Oh  !  '*  is  the  semi-9]TJiaruodic  ro«jH)nse. 
**  It  seems  like  no  wedding  at  all  !  '  And 
then  turnincr  to  the  bridegroom  the  lady  may 
be  heard  appealiu<,'  to  the  happy  swain,  and 
declaring  *'  She  would  rather  go  to  chui'ch  as 
well."  And  often  and  often  tlie  ceremony  is 
gone  through  nccording  to  old  fashions  after  the 
newer  aud  shorter  one  has  been  completetl. 

A  wedding  at  the  Superintendknt  Re- 
gistrar's Office  is  certainly  a  very  rapid  and 
nnimpoaing  affair.  The  gentleman — say  Mr. 
John  Jon^^ — gives  notice  to  the  Registrar  of 
the  district  in  which  they  have  lived  during 
the  previous  soren  dajrs,  that  he  has  arranged 
a  match  between  himself  and  Miss  Maiy 
Smith.  A  printed  form  is  filled  up  with  their 
names,  rank,  age,  and  place  ot  n^sideuce. 
This  is  entered  in  a  volume  called  the 
"  Marriage  Notice  Book."  This  tirs5t  step  of 
the  operation  is  performed  at  the  smu^l  charge 
of  one  shilling.  The  volume  containing  the 
solemn  announcement  remains  in  the  Bd- 
gistrar'g  Office,  "  open  at  all  reasonable  tlmea^ 
without  fee,  to  all  persons  desirous  of  inspect- 
ing the  same.'^  Tlie  notice  so  entered  is  read 
before  the  next  three  weekly  uieetiiis:«  of 
Poor-Law  Guardians.  Unless  the  we*niing 
has  been  "  forbidden  by  any  person  autliorised 
to  forbid  the  same  " — and  a  shai-p  papa  or 
mamma  would  be  neede<l  to  find  out  what 
had  been  going  forward  if  Miss  8mith  deaii*etl 
to  keep  the  little  ai&ir  secret — at  the  expinv- 
tion  of  the  three  weeks,  the  happy  couple, 
b^ween  the  hours  of  eight  and  twelve  in  the 
morning,  may  meet— accidentally,  of  course-^ 
just  by  the  office  of  Mr.  Thomi^m,  the  R©' 
gistrar,  and  walking  in  (also  accidentally,  of 
course),  may,  in  the  presence  of  two  persona 
accitien tally  present — ^the  Registrar's  Clerk 
and  a  passing  stranger,  for  instance — join  in 
the  following  brief  aud  innocent  dialogue  : — 

*'  I  do  solemnly  declare  that  I  know  not  of  any 
lawful  impediment  why  I,  John  Jones,  may  not 
be  joined  in  matrimony  to  Mary  Smith." 

One  minute  is  enough  for  saying  thia. 
Whereupon  the  lady  i-esponds — 

"  I  do  solemnly  declare  that  I  know  not  of  any 
lawful  impediment  why  I,  Mary  Smith,  may  not 
bo  joined  in  matrimony  to  John  Joiie^." 

Another  minute  has  thtis  been  passed. 
Eralxildenetl  by  the  lady  s  dedaratiouj  the 

gentlemiin  next  aaya — • 

"  I  call  upon  these  poraons  hero  present  to 
witness  tliat  I.  Jolm  Joncs^  do  take  thee,  Mary 
Smithy  to  bo  my  lawfid  wcddod  wife." 

A  third  minute  has  passed,  and  the  lady*fl 
turn  has  come  again — 

*'  I  oall  upon  these  persona  here  present  to 
witness  that  1,  Mary  Smith,  do  take  thec»  John 
Jones,  to  he  my  lawral  wedded  biuband." 

Just  four  minutes  have  been  consumed  i 
the  fee  is  five  shillings,  aud  a  shilling  for  % 
certificate,  and  the  alFair  is  eom\jl*ii.<ft.  ^<* 
ring,  no  kneeling,  uo  tuBa.    "SXx^^  T*x<a\««a^ 


« 


HOtTSEHOIJ)  WORDS. 


lOsndMuAlv 


i 


man  hy\*1  wife  at  the  snuall  charj^e  of  seven 
•billiBgs  altogether,  with  iv  decree  of  certfiinty 
trhich  nothing  but  an   Act   of   Parliament 

Srice  one  thousand  pound*  can  undo.  If 
onta  be  rich,  he  can  shorten  the  probo- 
tlnvnrv  tbrpp  wppkfl  to  mven  days^  by  paying 
!  ;      i        fee ;   and  if  the  happy 

c^n  ftdjonrn  from  the 
i<»L;inarB  m  juiy  church  or  chai)el,  there 
to  jro  through  any  further  forms  they  may 
thh^  good — OS  the  la*lioa  often  insist  upon 
doiDg—bfat  the  few  words — ^the  very  brief 
din]nmu>  hi^t  re capiti dated,  And  the  few 
I  ^  reaence  of  the  R<?priatrar,  have 

\  itial  and   only  requisite  legal 

9iv\m  in  Und  them  togfether  in  the  cham 
matrimonial,  "  for  better  for  worse,  till  death 
ahftll  tiiem  part." 

But  thongh  five  mmntee  may  complete  a 
•weddin.!,^,  '"^•i  permit  the  couple  to  co  their 
way  rejf»i(*in;^ — and  though  an  equally  short 
Bpace  of  time  may  suffice  for  tV  ^-^-^ "ration 
of  their  firpt-bom,  or  the  r  of  a 

death — theae  brief  dntip^^  "t  :  in  a 

district  office  are  but  the  I-  >i  the  pro- 

eeflB  we  ar^  about  to  trac*  i  ts  various 

fltogea,  till  it»  completion  for  national  puri^oeea. 
Let  UB  suppose  a  cnae,  for  the  sake  of  illus- 
tration. Tiie  Superintendant  Begistrar  of 
Po1iton-<mm-nbnlv*»y  bos  been  going  on  his 
v.-  '         r      '    '     ^,  the  weddings,  and 

f  his  district,  when 

"  moked  his  pipe. 
r,  he  is  tola 
♦*a  gti.L.v.Mi.i.  .i  _..!  J.  r., .^  ..  .. .  hes to »ee him.*' 
His  prophetic  heart  len]>t<  to  hie  month,  and  as 
ho  MluiftlRs  on  his  slipj^ers,  he  niientally  runs 
oks,  for  he  knoM's  v*^ry  well,  before 
1  mysterious  stranger, that  he  is  about 

to  meet  one  of  the  Inspectors — ^gentlemen  of 
great  keenness,  vho  tra\'el  about  all  the  year 
round,  never  telluig  when  they  are  likely  to 
visit  any  place,  and,"  like  bagmen,  ever  on  the 
raove^  nnd  seldom  sleeping  t\vo  nights  togethor 
in  the  same  place.  Civil  greetiDg:8  are  soon 
followed  by  an  examination  of  the  doinjcis  ol 
tin*  Polfcon-cum-Chalvey  office.  FormidabJe- 
looking  papers  are  at'  hand,  hi  which  our 
ile|pit^an  know  very  well  that  his  fshioiicter 
win  shortly  be  written  down — his  nitme,  Ma 
address,  his  otlicr  occupatiooR ;  where  his 
office  is  ;  whether  it  be  used  for  other  purjjoses 
than  those  of  registration  ;  whether  lus  books 
are  kept  in  the  fire-proof  box  provided  by 
Government  for  the  ]r>urpose, — if  not,  where  ; 
what  kind  of  repository  the  booVcs  hare ; 
whether  or  not  the  place  is  damp  ;  whether 
it  Sfwms  safe  from  fire^  nod  whfi  licr  c^jiablo 
of  being  securely  closed  ;  whether  he  has 
together  all  the  d'jLnunents  he  should 
the  returns  of  miiior  Ih'giittrai's,  and 
of  the  clerical  ceHLficatos  of  marriages  ptir- 
formed  in  churches  ;  whether  lie  does  his  own 
work,  or  emplo)-s  a  deputy  ;  whether  liia  place 
displays,  in  general*  ;\ny  want  of  order  or 
an*angement  j  Aud^  finally,  he  know^  that  in 
fliif  comer  of  the  fdmudhh]^  j^nj  er  there  is  a 


HO  nil 
and 


ready-ma^le  fiTune  for  the  insertion  of  hui 
own  offioial  ^Hrait,  to  be  sketched  by  the 
Inapeetor  at  his  leisure,  in  manner  folio  wing  ^^ 

"Diffopont  degraes  of  Eflflciency  beiug  wpre- 
oeated  bj  Kumbors  up  to  6,^^tfc«r  Irt- 
elBdca^  boiug  indicated  by  0,  nnd 
complete  Effloicncy  by  6, — write  in  the 
adjomiug  space  the  figure  which  moBt 
uoai'ly  cxproeaes  your  opinion  of  tlio 
Efficiency  of  thia  Superintendent  RegiHtrar. 

8i{fna4un  of  eJic  Intpeetw, 

Tliat  square  is  to  contain  the  Inspector's 

opinion  of  his  olianacter.  Ko.  1  is  by  no 
means  the  figure  he  wisbee  to  eUmd  at  on 
this  occflfiion ;  for  he  knows  that  nomend 
means  but  one  step  fmm  0,  or,  in  other  words, 
dismissal.  Seven  was  the  olden  mystic  num- 
ber, but  with  the  Begistrars  six  is  thf  favnurite 
figure,— Imt  what  figure  really  st-n  '  *t 

him  in  the  archives  of  Somerset  i 

him  a  secret.  "^'^^  ^-^ '^pector  goe>i  ;iw;i ,  as 
quietly  and  i  'y  as  he  came;    his 

report  isfor^*:i^\--  .  -  :.rad-quartf'i^  •  '^"■^  *>ie 
result  at  Polton-Cfum-Chalvcy  is  }  v 

few  po?rts    afterwards,   if   said   I  i- 

Chalvey  house  has  not  be^i  found  to  be  in 
apple-pie  order. 

The  Inspector  of  the  books  of  the  minor 
Begistrars  ^oe«  even  to  more  minut**  tmrti- 
culars  than  m  the  c         "  '  naants. 

The  colour  of  the  id  iidc 

might  lead  to  the  Im^m  ui  a  i;li -f  v^ui^v  to  its 
owner  by  the  loss  of  the  entry'of  his  birth  or 
of  his  parent's  weddbig.  Ar^^'  o.-^^if.'e  i^  ^t 
deadlj'  sin,  and  so  is   the   r  f  any 

entry.      Mis-spelling  of   nan  discre- 

pancies between  the  apolUng  of  surnames  in 
diffei'cnt  parts  of  a  certificate  are  other  great 
faults  oflcn  committ<5d,  but  almost  always 
discovcretl,  rebuked,  iind  corrects?.  Tn  tm 
entry  of  a  birth,  the  omission  of  i  "  v 
nam e  of  a  moth er  who  h a-^  been  tw  J  I , 

is  a  heavy  fault,  and  so  also,  tn  the  -  n 

of  twins,  is  the  non-indication  of  x\  '^ 

two  is  the  elder.  Only  by  a  ceajseW;-  ^  i^iLTuoe 
can  all  these  iioints,  seemingly  unimportant  to 
many  whose  attention  is  required  to  them,  but 
in  fact  all-essential  to  the  perfection  of  the 
national  documents  of  which  each  entry  fbrms 
a  part,  bo  correctly  ascertained. 

By  these  several  registering  offices  spread 
over  England  and  Wale^,  about  twelve  hun- 
dred thousand  names  are,  in  round  numljera, 
entered  every  year  upon  the  oflicial  books. 
Every  three  months  each  local  Repstrar 
makes  an  exact  copy  of  hi-  "  ■  '  ■  'id 
taking  both  original  and  copy,  ii 

to  the   Superintendant   of  I;  ,   -uo 

examines  tlie  trvnscriptto  se  (frtCt, 

and  then,  after  oerttfying  it?  serids 

It  to  the  Ijond  in  Central  Oi'  t 

Place,   himself  retaining   th' 
Any  person  waiting  a  certitic*t'  l' 

current  quarter,  may  theref  jr«-<  o)-  a 

the  local  Begistwir  ;  but  afler  the  L^xpiration 
of  that  time  cm  only  in.fpect  the  orlgin&l 


ChMiim  Plet«u-] 


A  VISIT  TO  THE  EEGISTRAIl-OENERAL. 


■t  the  offioe  of  the  Supermtendant.  Certified 
le^l  copies  m&y  bo  IiJid  at  Ida  office,  or  m 
London. 

The  poatfemen  who  bring  letters  to  the  Eegi»- 
trar-General^a  office,  in  Somerset  Plitce,  hixve 
no  Aineeare.  About  mDoteem  thonsand  lettero 
a  Y«far  arc  sent  out  and  received  there  in 
Inference  to  poiutfi  for  necuring  acQumcy  iu 
certifitH^l  copies  alone — the  largest  nmnber  of 
errojra  (a  curioua  fiict)  i>eiiif,'  mnde  by  the 
most  educated  chisa  of  pertjons  connected*  with 
the  registration — ^namcly,  tlie  clergymen  of 
the  Established  Ghuroli !  But  the  great  davB 
for  the  postmea  are  when  the  cert^ed  copies 
of  the  regtstiififi  begin  to  pour  iu  after  the 
end  of  the  qunrier.  The  juvoketg  that  then 
arrive  onght  to  be  talkea  of  by  hundred- 
weights and  not  by  number.    Packets  ore 


great  rapidity  according  to  the  first  letter- 
ail  the  A'b  together,  all  the  B's  together,  aU 
the  C'fi  together,  and  so  on.  AnoSier  sorter 
then  takes  n  letter — «aj  A,  for  instance— ^nd 
arrangeB  all  the  Ab's  together^  and  ail  the 
Ac's  together,  and  so  on.  A  third  clerk  then 
arranges  these  again^  according  to  Rlphal*eticHl 
sequence  of  the  third  letter.  In  this  way,  the 
whole  of  the  slips  are  reduced  into  strictly 
alphabetical  r^nmrity;  even  to  the  laat  letter 
in  each  Chiistum  and  surname.  This  done, 
the  order  of  the  aUps  is  examined  by  another 
officer,  and  when  he  baa  found  them  to  be 
correct,  they  aie  tied  in  bundles  of  three  hmi- 
dred  and  twenty  eacli,  and  are  handed  to  clerks, 
who  copy  them  upon  parchment  sheets,  which 
aheeta  are  afterwardfi  bound  up  to  form  the 
great  index  of  names.    Every  quarter  of  a  year 


due  from  no  less  thau  fifteen  thousand  eight !  the  certified  copies  are  bound  up  in  eighty-one 


liundi'ed  persons,  and  by  dint  of  whipping-tip 
they  are  all  made  to  do  their  duty.  The 
papers  »o  sent  up  contain  the  one  million 
two  bujulred  thousand  names  already  referred 
to,  and  the  great  job  of  iTsoIving  these  into 
alphabetical  order  under  the  sepoxate  headings 
ox  Birthf),  MarrUigee,  and  Deaths,  hoe  now  to 
be  be^^un.  This  k  tlie  heaviest  bostnefls  of  the 
stAff  of  offioers  engaged  in  J^mdon,  and  to  see 
bow  thfflr  get  through  it  we  will  again  walk 
into  the  GeDend  Begister  Office,  through  the 
a(ttii»-|MflBa^  and  up  the  stone'stairs,  at  the 
head  ai  which  we  fint  made  Major  Graham's 
acquaintance  at  the  commeTiccment  of  this 
paper.  A^guin,  under  his  oiHcial  roof,  let  us 
UHt^e  the  progreaa  of  a  iiuarter  s  ijapers 
through  the  sixty  or  seventy  paii-a  of  naoda, 
and  under  the  sixty  or  seventy  paiis  of  vigi- 
lant eyes,  who  have  to  deal  with  them  before 
they  are  finally  complete  and  settled  in  the 
Gen<gral  E^giater. 

When  ti^  fifteen  thousand    local   people 

have  each  reapcaidBd  to  the  demand  for  their 

'^  retuma,'*  aiiid  their  fifteen  thousand  com- 

iBanteationa  have  been  checked  off  as  received, 

/Hm  papers  are  passed  into  tlic  hands  of  Eka- 

iBiinira, — a  set  of  olerkB  under  the  immediate 

^COtitPoL  of  Major  Graham.    These  gentlemen 

imm  such  as  atb  TQg^ilar  and  correct,  whilst 

ihoae  prtBea&ng  imgolArities  are  sextt  into 

the  Error  Departmeintjfor  ftirther  niqttii7,aiid 

by  post  forwarded  to  the  o^endiBg  B^strar. 

The  papers  which  have  been  euuainod  and 

£Dimd  complete,  are  then  eent  up  to  another 

room,  in  which  clerks  ore  oU  the  year  busily 

engaged  copying  the  names  upon  large  sheota 

■of  paper,  mairked  otf  by  linea  into  portions 

abcnit  a  foot  broad,  and  an  inch  and  a  half 

deep.    These  shttiis  of  naiiteg  are  then  again 

examined  ;  aft*rr  which  they  arc  sent  dovra  to 

the  basement  story,  where  a  bookbinder  ciit« 

them  into  slips  of  the  size  so  marked  offl  This 

^MMtttion  is  performed  by  an  ordinary  plough 

wMwtnCj  jina  mHi  alip,  when  separated,  con- 

'  t  he  reference  to  the  cer- 

it  may  be  found.    These 

¥hi«s   .ire  tUtii  taken  to  rooms  fiUed  wHh 

sort^j,  tho  first  of  whom  ariiinges  them  with 


huge  volumes  ;  that  is,  twenty-«even  of  births, 
twenty-seven  of  marriages,  and  twenty-seven 
of  deaths ;  and  thufi,  in  a  year  four  times  this 
number,  or  three  hundred  and  twenty-four 
volume^  are  added  to  the  collection,  lliis 
musbiB-  is  without  the  Indejces,  which  them- 
selvee  oocnpy  about  fourteen  volmnea  a  quarter, 
or  between  fifty  or  sixty  for  a  year.  Four 
times  in  each  year  this  labour  haa  to  be  begun, 
continued,  and  completed  1 

No  sooner  has  one  quarter  been  cleared  off 
than  another  fiood  of  names  comes  on  to  be 
examined,  sorted,  copied,  and  bound  up ;  and 
BO  on  from  year  to  year. 

The  peiwius  engaged  on  these  duties  have  a 
most  monotonous  task.  Imagine  the  tedium  of 
goingthiY)ugh  the  list  of  the  eighteen  hundred 
Jones'e  who  are  bom,  the  thirteen  hundre<l 
Jones's  who  die,  and  the  nine  hnndred  Joneses 
who  marry,  errery  quarter  of  the  year.  Imagine 
months  of  a  life  spent  in  looking  all  day  at  a 
repetition  of  such  names,  the  duty  bemg  to 
see  that  Jones  is  spelt  J.O.N  J&S,  and  in  no 
other  way.  To  see  that  it  has  not  been  care- 
lessly  made  into  Jonis  or  Janes,  or  otherwise 
perverted.  Two  of  the  esaminera  are  deaf 
and  dumb,  and  another  is  utterly  deaf;  and 
tlkcse  gentlemen  make,  it  appetn,  very 
excellent  offioora.  The  Ions  of  a  sense  seems 
to  assist  that  concentration  of  the  mind  upon 
the  object  in  view,  which  the  monotonous 
task  demands. 

The  labouis  of  the  It^gister  Offioe  afiTotd 
some  highly  curious  facts  as  to  the  relative 
number  of  pei-aon*  of  different  niunes  living 
in  England  and  Wales.  From  time  inmie- 
jnorial  it  luus  been  thought  that  Bmithwaa 
the  oommonest  of  names.  The  Smith's  are 
soldiei*s,  and  aailars^  and  parsons,  and  tailors, 
and  bakers,  and  authors,  and,  indeed,  every- 
thing. But  the  exact  figures  of  the  liegistnLr 
upset  the  long  cherished  fallacy  th.it  they 
form  the  moet  nuroevous  of  our  dans.  The 
Joneses  out-number  them  and  stand  at  the 
head  of  the  list ;  Smith  coming  second.  This 
question  of  the  frequency  of  particular  names 
must  interest  eo  masrj  \*ferftCiT\a  ^CfasS.  ^^  ^"^^ 
the  foUow'mg  V\al  ot  \iift  ^^  ^«**  co^xas^OTw 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


ftppellutiouB,  ill  the  order  in  which  they  are 
foimd  to  raiik  iu  the  books  of  the  Kegisfcrar, 
togethur  with  the  number  of  each  name,  who 
l>oni,   married,  or  died,  in  the  year 


were 


Juno  30th,  1837,  to  July  the  Irt,  1838. 


Jonra 

iMiO 

HftTrif 

.    M 

2771 

imlth  . 

12837 

Cooper 

.  n 

Mm 

WllllAtiia 

8743 

Clark       , 

.    IS 

9fl83 

Taylor 

IM40 

iMrU  . 

.    19 

9m 

iHrlM     . 

tim 

HftfTl!»tl 

.    80 

isos 

Brown 

6S6S 

BA^r 

.    81 

ssafi 

Tboinuji  . 

Gsrs 

Wanl      , 

.    3S 

SSIB 

EV«I8 

4890 

Honi> 

.    89 

2S90 

RoTHJita 

4199 

MorK»n    . 

.    IM 

vm 

JaliiUKit)      . 

0748 

Ujutln 

.  as 

997S 

Ri>bliuoii 

usee 

JumtM      . 

.    88 

s9oe 

Wiltmi 

aJL'  . 

.  m 

«w 

WTl^•ht    . 

MM 

.    8B 

2146 

]  i    .  .  !         . 

sa»7 

Cwk   .       . 

.    30 

2136 

]: 

S180 

All<m       , 

.    40 

sno 

8177 

Pri<*   . 

.    41 

3090 

\.          . 

ai48 

FhlUipii   . 

.    42 

im 

1 

.    IS 

8l»4 

Parker 

,     43 

lOHS 

(  ,  ,  .   i      . 

19 

9118 

Moora      . 

.     44 

tom 

Kiiwurtiit 

.    SO 

$fW7 

Wmtoon 

.    4& 

1006 

WhttM     . 

.  it 

9087 

Curter      , 

.    46 

18BS 

Jwtkwm 

.  « 

XMO 

RIehArdjwn . 

.    47 

1817 

Tofaer    . 

,    S3 

woe 

Lm 

.    48 

1816 

TIiomMan  . 

.    M 

S874 

Griffltha     . 

.  4a 

ief>i 

HiU 

.    26 

3850 

SbAV         . 

.    60 

17M 

^ 


^ 


In  the  year  from  which  thia  abstract  was 
made  wd  hiid  no  less  than  lliirtcen  thou.sanJ 
four  hundred  and  twenty -nine  persons  named 
Jonea  had  been  l>om,  married,  or  had  died. 
Correcting  the  number  for  increase  of  pt^pn- 
latioD^  the  yearly  number  of  Jones's  who 
came  into  the  world,  went  out  of  it,  or  got 
married,  during  the  last  twelve  months  wouM 
be,  ia  round  niimbcra,  about  sixteen  thousand 
<^4La  army  in  itself.  Finding  Jonea  to  l>e  the 
name  at  the  head  of  our  list  of  fifty  we  look  to 
the  foot  of  it  to  find  Shaw  ;  and  the  propor- 
tion of  persons  bearing  that  name,  it  aeemH^  ia 
in  the  ratio  of  one  thousand  seven  hundre<l  and 
fifty-four  Kliaw'a  to  thirteen  thousand  four 
hundred  and  twenty-nine  Jonea^B  ;  the  other 
names  we  have  given,  ranging  between  the 
two  extremes  ;  the  Jackson  s  and  the  Thorap- 
&onX  however,  it  will  be  seen,  not  mustering 
one-fouith  the  number  of  the  Jonea's  or  the 
Smith's. 

Apart  from  the  frequency  of  certain  appella- 
tions, another  curious  point  deeerves  notice.  It 
is  the  very  strange  iiamea  given,  at  times,  by 
pj^nts  to  their  children.  One  of  the  clerks 
in  the  office  kept  by  him,  for  yeare,,  a  memo- 
randum-book in  which  be  collected  a  variety 
of  theae,  giving  with  each  the  number  and 
page  of  Uie  volume  in  which  the  certified 
rcfcrence  might  be  found.  Without  such 
evidence  one  might  almost  be  inclined  to 
doubt  the  geniiineneas  of  some  of  them.  But 
they  ore  SlI  real  enough,  m  the  documents 
show.     Let  ua  take  a  few  specimens  : — < 

IMewell  Bykoc.    Faih<?r,  »  Wcavor. 

Loyal  Tlu>nuii  InkMin.    Fsther  «  Ir'uincr. 

PatloDcc  Dinner.    Wife  of  4  HtulMUidinMU 

ZftpbtiatiipAaneab  Dravofl^n.    A  Cooper. 

Ttiankftil  Joy.    HI*  irlfe'«  mune  beioni  be  surrted  bcr  wm 

PiyoA. 
Aeta  AposUefl  long.    Wltneii  to  a  Harriagv, 
▲tbtrtttitt  Beglna  Vktorlu  OotUa  Bcralt.     Daughter  of  a 


/ 


T«ylor.    Daagbtcir  oraLabcmror. 
Tneadaj  Taylor.    Daughter  of  a  Cvmb  Maker,  bora 


Oiftftl'bQnday  Taylor,    Utxig^Uir of  a  tomb  Mdkor,  facmi 

on  a  Thiiraday. 
SnnHparliel  Scamp.    I)au|^t«r  of  John  Scamp,  a  Ttnker. 
Flrat  8on  Jonea.    Son  of  a  Labourer. 
Feargua  O'Coonor  Pnst  Maaan.    8on  of  a  Male  Splimer. 
Feargns  O'Coniuir  Tlnceot  BrontAm  UaJloweli.    Bom  of  ■ 

Shoemaker. 
FerpiB  O' Conner  Froct  03rteo  MoDooaU  Iliuii  Tiylor. 

Hoti  of  a  Shoomaker^ 
Jofin  FmeC  Fergus  Braoterre  Paltic  SiD$tli.  Son  Qfa  Ptinler. 
Tumertca  HenHea  Ulrica  Da  Gloria  Do  Larinia  Bebeoca 

Tumor.  Daugbior  of  a  Book-kec^pcr. 
Jane  Sdekoloniin.  Wife  of  a  Weaver. 
BoeltUna  Iphlgenia  M  aria  HypslhUe  Wadgv.    Daugblei-  ol 

a  Carpenter, 
Prtnee  Albert  Daniul  GomoD.    8oa  of  » labourer* 
ZelonsianU  Cbafor. 
Matilda  French  Onion     A  Spiiwtar. 
Jamas  Death.    A  Ilcitoher 
Samson  CetchaaldoA  Kitchen. 
H«pp7  George  Dadd.    Son  of  «  Blaekimlth. 
WllUain  Te*lottto  Croea.    Son  of  a  H«chanlo. 
PrlinQM  CommvafUdj  Fliierofl.    8ud  of  m  Brtoklayer,  bom 

at  Qoeeawood  Commmtity. 
Martin  Lather  flpootaer.    Son  ofa  Maltstar. 
aoiu  Teal.    A  Cooper. 

Hubert  I>y  Day.    An  Engineer,  mani^  1M3 
laabella  WUbetmbia  Jaoobina  CarQllna  Addliui  CunntDgo 

hAm  Campbell  MoAaL    Danghtcr  of  a  Famicv. 
Betfj  Toaat  Diviji«. 

This  list  and  this  paper  raittht  be  greatly 
extended ;  but  our  limits  forbid  further  pre- 
sent exemplification,  wnce  enough  haa  surely 
been  said  to  show  the  extent,  tJie  character, 
and  the  valiie  of  the  operations  earned  on 
under  the  guidance  of  the  Regiattrar-GteneniL 
Any  one  oi  our  readers  who  may  feel  inclined 
to  see  the  place  itself,  and  to  test  the  com- 
pleteneaa  of  the  reeonla  we  h  i  Mo 

describe,  should  visit  the  pui  le 

establishment.  It  is  eallea  tli»;  oi  ;ii .  ii  ikhjui  ; 
and  there,  for  a  small  fee,  the  curious  may 
gain,  in  a  few  minutes,  a  certificate  of  any 
marriage,  birth,  or  death  that  baa  occurretl 
since  the  establishment  of  thia  public  office ; 
imd  hft  will  get  a  glimpse  into  the  bargain  of 
tite  iron  safes,  with  tneir  tall  narrow  doora, 
where  the  pai-chment  Indexes  are  kept^  wd 
may  witness  for  liimaelf  the  rapidity  with 
which  the  practised  clerb*  search  out  a  name. 
The  certified  registers  are  too  bulky  to  l>e 
held  in  any  one  apartment.  In  all  the  odor- 
ous dignity  of  binding  in  Ruissia  leat  her,  they 
line  shelf  after  shelf  m  the  baaement  story— ^i 
IK>i-tly  and  important  library — in  their  way  a 
trulv  wonderful  national  record  and  natiooftl 
work — the  great  mustex-roU,  tn  truth,  of  tlla 
people  of  Old  England. 

Such  ia  the  good  fortune  meted  out  to  the 
three  great  events  of  the  English  human 
family  at  Somerset  Hoiue,  in  registering 
thetiL  What  a  contrast  it  presents  to  **The 
Doom  of  English  WiUs  ! " 

THE    HOirSEHOLB   HABRATIVE 

OF  CURRENT  EVENTS. 

.y<M»  nudg  with  the  ewrrentf  ammUr  o/Onrt&tt  Mbrnt^ 
prie$  id.  mdkf 

TBK 

JANUARY,    rCBRUARY,  AND    MARCH  MUM&CRf. 

OntiilH  e/Jamuiry,  1861,  kUI  U  fwUitted, 

THE   FIRST    VOLUME, 
Being  a  oompleta  and  caaKfuUy-dlgealwl  AjnmAL  — r— i-— 
of  PubUe  QeetirrewMi,  ia  evny  put  of  die  Qtobe^  dodiif 
the  vew  18501. 


Ill 


tit  Om«t,  Noi,  1$,  WfOlagtott  lifCM  Monh^ltTaaA.    »rtai«4%T  «maB««a^  a*'»»v'' 


^AtaUng     IT 


ri 


'^Jfanuihr  in  their  Months  as  HOUSEHOLB  W0RI)S,"^^^*mf9^im. 


HOUSEHOLD    WORDS. 

A    WEEKLY    JOURNAL 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


N^*  37-1 


SATUKDAY.  I)ECE.Nn3ER  7,  1S50. 


[PWCB  Id. 


WINGS  OF  WIRE. 


Ik  an  i^  of  express  trains,  pninleas  opera- 
tions, crj-Btal  palace,  revolutions  and  repub- 
lics, Mormons  and  Puseyites,  and  a  hundred 
cux'ioiilies,  such  aB  our  grandfathers  and 
gn« Till  mothers  never  dreamt  about,  there  is 
yet  little  diihcultv  in  saying  ^vhich  of  all 
our  imxlem  wonders  is  reiiily  the  most 
ironderfiil.  In  our  fust  days,  we  have  one 
thing,  n))ovu  all  otfjuris,  the  fastest ;  in  our 
g^Titration  of  nian'eb,  we  have  one  thing  of 
all  others  the  moat  raarvellouB.  We  hear  of 
it  in  eomrersation ;  we  see  it  paradett  in 
newspapers  ;  we  aio  reminded  of  it  in  our 
railway  travels,  until  its  v*?ry  Cimiliarity  half 
blin<]s  us  t<»  iU  merits.  Yet,  amonj^'  all  the 
uaeful  things  which  human  ingenuity  ha«  of 
hite  completed,  it  would  not  l>e  difficult  to 
show  that  the  Electric  Tel e^^aph  is  one  nf  the 
most  uaeftil.  The  new  Dorado  itself,  with  ita 
plethora  of  yellow  wealth,  judged  by  the 
standard  of  what  great  scTvit.es  may  come  of 
it,  cannot  be  raorc  valuable  than  the  strange 
machine  that  eaablea  one  side  of  a  country^  to 
ep4«ak  with  another,  regardless  of  the  inter- 
vening hundreds  of  milea  of  hills,  streams,  !ind 
pUlntt :  Bolitudt33  and  cities. 

The  old  heroes  of  the  race-course — ^the  fleet 
footed  descendants  of  Arabian  deserta,  bred 
wid  nuitui'ed  in  England  to  a  speed  that  out- 
did aU  previous  rapidities  of  |Mu.'e — have  been 
ontdone.  Flying  CbilderB  la  no  lom^er  a  bye- 
woi"<l  for  swiilneas;  and  EeUpae,  with  his  raee 
of  a  mile  a  minute  is  left  fur,  far  Iw^hind. 
Hor«e-lle-3h,  in  ita  finest  forms,  may  hence- 
forth aid  our  sjforts,  grace  our  vehicles,  give 
vitality  to  owr  green  pastiirea,  but  may  no 
longer  typify  haste,  liV  e  have  caught,  and  can 
control,  another  steed.  We  have  bitted  and 
bridledj  and  mounte<l  and  broken  in,  another 
wonder,  which  for  agea  sported,  in  elemental 
freedom,  round  aV^out  us;  which,  from  the 
creation  of  the  wurUl,  was  more  free  than 
the  wUd-horee,  or  any  other  thing,  tram- 
melled by  mortal  elements,  except  the  human 
thought. 

This  waa  long  Tork.  Watching,  deep  study, 
thouBandit  of  eiperimenta,  auggeationa,  and 
reaaonitigs ;  numoerlesa  plana  and  modelii — 
not  of  outj  man,  or  of  two,  but  of  thinkers 
in  many  coimtries,  in  many  generation»~ 
nntil,   at  laat,  some  shrewd,   practical  men 


thought  out  the  final  means  of  turning 
to  a  pui-posc  the  accumulations  of  their 
predecessors ;  and,  lo,  th«  hidden  vagaries  of 
the  clement  that  chums  close  kindred Vrth  th*? 
lightning,  are  reined  up  aiid  niade  to  do  the 
worldly  work  of  men  ! 

Stitiightway  poles  ariae.  and  wires  rnn 
along  them  from  one  end  of  England  to 
another.  The  wires  are  made  of  tiie  mel-'d 
that  the  sister  of  the  lightning  lovea  best 
to  tlv  through,  and  where  that  wire  would 
touch  the  post  supporting  it,  there  ia  a  little 
tunnel  of  jMnrcelam  for  it  to  pitas.  Btit,  th^ 
spirit  (so  let  ua  call  this  principle  which  we 
term  electricity,  or  electro- magnetism)  hate$ 
the  cold,  half-vitrified  burnt  clay,  nnd  kei'<pft, 
therefore,  faithfidly  to  the  wire,  no  matter 
how  long  its  cotii-se  may  W.  One  wire  dipped 
into  the  earth,  and  starting  from  some  great 
central  point,  s:iy  Loudor»,  with  other  wires 
spreailing  from  it,  miiy  run  in  all  directions, 
as  the  nerves  of  the  human  body  run  from 
the  brain  all  over  the  frame.  As  the  will 
runs  thi»ugh  the  nerves,  ao  this  strange 
spirit  runs  through  the  "wires,  until  thoae 
wtreiH  »tay  at  any  point,  no  matter  whether 
Birmingham,  or  Dover,  or  Plymouth.  At 
that  point,  the  wire  extends  down  into  the 
eaiih.  conveying  into  it  this  Bubtle  messenger  ; 
which,  quick  aa  human  thought,  has  made  a 
circuit,  by  darting  through  the  earth  to  join 
the  tip  of  the  wire,  whence  it  started  in 
London.  And  so  the  race  go&  on  "with 
almost  ineonceiveable  swiftness  —  ao  swift, 
iudeedj  as  altogether  to  outdo  even  deli- 
cate Ainel,  the  tricksy  spirit  who  could 
"^put  a  girdle  round  about  the  earth  in 
forty  minutes-*'  If  the  wires  went  half 
across  the  globe,  our  Spirit  of  Electro- 
Magnetism  woiilil,  it  is  calculated,  fill  the 
wire.^  with  itself,  and  make  the  circuit  com- 
plete, thnuigh  the  intervening  earth,  eight 
tiu;e^  in  a  second  !  And  this  race  goes  on, 
imperceptibly,  ailently,  hiceasantly,  from  end 
to  end  of  any  line,  whilst  the  wires  are  kept 
from  contact  with  aiiything  the  Sjiirit  hLs 
a  sympathy  for.  This  ia  the  conch  tion  oi 
an  eloctrlc  telegraph  whilst  at  rest.  Round 
and  round  the  ring — half  isolated  wii*e,  halJ 
earth — goes  the  current  But,  break  the  cir- 
cuit,— divide  the  wire,^ — ^and,  if  there  Iw  ai^ainst 
the  grip  a  poised  needle  of  magnetvaed  «K>ia. 
—like  the  netyXVe  ot  a.  tjom^aas  ^<st  \ss^a5is» 


TOL.  It 


^-4hat  fwdle  wiU  move.  Upon  tbi»  fact,— 
this  jirdtM'Ky,— the  electric  telegi-aph  is  con* 
Btructed-  The  inntninient  is  far  more  stmjile 
tlimi  a  <tlonk,  aiuI  it  (loes  neither  more  nor 
less  tlmn  this — it  holds  a  jx>i8«d  neeillej  {uid 
first  hrtMika  iirni  then  reconnecta  the  electric 
current  ;  lii-st  cwU  (aw  it  were)  and  then  re- 
joins Lhvj  wire  ;  ami,  iia  this  interruption,  this 
violence,  is  done  to  its  free  progresft,  the 
Spirit,  hefure  tinQ4?en,  manifeats  itself,  and 
either  attract*  ar  rcpuhfn  the  needle.  And  not 
t%e  neetlle  only,  but  a  hundred  needles  if  tiiey 
lie  eonju^.'tf'd  witii  the  so  broken  wire^  with 
the  so  interrupted  race  of  the  Spirit  round 
luid  rcKUid  ^hm\i,  the  wrires  njid  through  the 
ewth.  Thi^^,  the  Snirit  will  do,  early  and  kte, 
djxy  and  ui^^^ht,  witli  sj)eed  never  fiugging,  on 
and  on,  so  long  aa  wiies  stiuul  true  and  there 
ifl  eart  h  fur  them  to  rest  upon. 

Tlie  tnystciy,  then, — the  secret  of  the  dec- 
trie  teJegniph, — is  simply  this.  Two  handles 
serve  to  break  and  to  re-unite  the  cun-ent  of 
the  Electric  Spii'it ;  each  bivakrigo  cjiuaes  a 
needle,  swingijjg  abo\'e  tlie  handles,  to  move. 
jVnother  similar  neenclle,  miles  away,  moves  at 
the  same  in.9taut,  in  the  same  way.  Different 
amounU  of  motion  of  this  needle  are  under- 
stood  to  indicate  cerloin  letters ;  and  thus 
the  tele^^mph  people  t^dk  to  one  another,  by 
sjH-'Hiug  wliat  they  liave  to  say,  letter  by 
letter. 

Tlieir«  is  a  new  calling,  and  a  curious  one, 

o.  They  hear  the  strangec^t  and  earliest  of 
news.  With  hands  upon  the  two  handles  of 
llie  instrumcnl,  ?ind  a  filmii>  eye  upon  the 
dial,  the  work  goes  on  ; — it  would  be  in  sileuce, 
but  for  the  noise  made  by  the  inptrument. 
"  Jerk  !  jerk  !  '*  go  the  handles—"  Chop  ! 
ehi>p  !  chi|>-chop  !  are  the  sounds  Inward  i^u 
ri'Hpon*e.  jim  a  little  cylinder  moves,  and  meUd 
nieutJi  luctal,  to  break  and  re-complete  the 
circuit.  At  all  the  chief  niilway  stations, 
on  all  the  chief  lines,  with  one  or  two  exce[)- 
tioris,  there  ai-^  lele^aph  clerks  day  and 
night  on  duty,  ready  to  indicate  the  i^proach 
or  dewirturo  of  trains,  the  safe  arrival 
of  }>{M;Kets  in  port,  or  the  sailing  of  ships 
on  thf  ir  voyage ;  to  forwai\L  newspaper 
*!'  and  traile  iwl vices;  to  send  up  the 

I  n-n,  and  to  send  down  the  quota- 

iiuih-;  yji  cunsols  and  nulwny  stock  ;  to  give 
(irders  fur  tracking  thiove3,  or  stopping  run- 
away youne  ladies  ;  to  call  doctona  to  the 
siukf  ami  I'elatives  to  dying  betls  ;  to  tell  how 
nnich  may  l>o  bid  for  a  house  at  an  auction  ; 
to  let  anxious  ])ap:i5  know  that  their  ^imiliej 
have  been  uicieaaed,  and  that  mamma  and 
the  new  arnvjd  are  "  as  well  na  cm  be  ex- 
pected ;"  anil  to  tell  anxious  wives  that 
voyaging  husUaiida  "had  a  bad  paaaage, — too 
tii'otl  to  come  up  to-niglit." 

Few  of  the  tliouaands  who  liave  read  tele- 
j^raphic  diapat43he8  Ln  Uie  papera  and  in  other 
shapoji,  have,  perhaps,  been  behind  the  scenes 
in  a  telc'TApuio  otlice  ;  for  it  is  necessary  to 
keep  sucli  places  free  from  intrusion.  Could 
tlicy  bo  entered^  there  is  mucla  to  excite  snr- 


mt 


prise  and  wnnder,  not  so  ranch  in  the  means  by 
which  tlie  work  is  done,  as  In  the  curiouBly 
instantaneous  restilts.  In  the  tt^egraphic 
room  at  Tonbridge,  for  instance,  the  cenivid 
station  of  the  South-lCaatem  Comjwiny's 
systtetu  of  telegraphs,  wc  find  tin*  Bupenn- 
teuilent  of  tlial  system,  Mr.  il  V.  Walker, 
Mcattsl  Wfore  a  vei*v  busiueas-like,  but  in  no 
way  reniaikable,  table,  coverx'Hi  with  papemu 
llic  apartment  is  small ;  for  science,  here 
again,  claims  bnt  little  ho\i»e-room.  Upon 
the  shelf,  are  a  few  specimens  of  j>ai'tjj  of  ftiipa- 
ratus.  On  one  side  of  the  wall,  nni  numerous 
electric  wires,  eonccntratinjr  aVwvo  a  kiiwi  of 
siilc-boai-d  or  counter,  on  which  there  stiind 
a  row  of  the  telegraph  instruments,  looking, 
at  the  first  glance,  not  unlike  the  counter* 
fittings  of  a  very  gay  public-house  ;  on  closer 
oliservatiQu,  like  the  front*  of  little  mahogany 
churches,  with  very  large  clocks.  Under  this 
counter  you  may  see  a  numWr  of  galvanic  bat- 
teries— wooden  troughs  tilled  with  alternate 
yXnU^a  of  copper  and  zinc,  buried  in  sand  that 
iS  l>een  triturated  with  Buljdmric  acid  and 
water.  These  batteries  generate  the  electnv 
galvanic  thiid  thai  is  to  be  sent  on  its  eternttl 
round  through  mre  and  earth,  the  interrup- 
tion of  which  is  to  set  the  needle  in  motion, 
that  messages  may  t»e  read  betwef  n  Tonbridg^ 
and  London  or  Dover,  or  any  other  station  on 
the  line. 

"  Let  us  get  I>over  lo  rea*l  ue  some  lines  of 
*  Household  Words,''*  gaid  Mr.  Walker  t<3  Uui 
assistant,  on  the  moi^niug  of  our  visit  to  him 
at  Tonbri4l<'e.  The  clerk  went  to  the  little 
mahoganv  cliurch  ttont, 

"  Call  *Dover,"  said  Mr.  Walker.  Jerk, 
jerk — chop,  chop.     Dover  called. 

**  Dover  answers  :  '  Go  on,'  '*  said  the  clerk, 

•*Tcll  him  to  ring  our  bell"  said  Mr. 
Walker. 

Jn  an  in.stiuit,  the  alarum  in  the  T-i'  >  i-^'-q 
room   WiL3  in  a  wJiirl   of  noisiy  - 
ringing  in  a  moat  dct'^rmined  ami  \  ,      >  y 

w«y.  The  Electric  S|>irit  luul  been  at^p|»ed  in 
\\A  circular  chase ;  hail  ixiunced  upctn  tlw 
piece  of  soil  iron  close  by  the  i>oint  of  broak- 
a«fe  ;  hoil  magnetiuctl  it,  drawn  it  fix>m  its 
]>iace  afi  a  boy's  toy  loadstone  draws  n  toy 
swan  roun^l  a  basin  of  water ;  and,  by  ao 
drawiurt  it,  released  a  little  spring  that  set 
our  l^ell  ringing. 

The  bell  haxdng  done  its  v.-  i  «'""  '^aper- 
intendcut,  lAi'.  Walker,  gave  iL : 

•*  Let  Dover  reati  the  tu'st  id  i  uml>ci 

thirty -three." 

"  Jerk,  jerk  ;  chop,  chop,  chin-chop.  In 
ludf  a  se<rond,  as  it  seemed,  the  direction  was 
given.  We  took  also,  a  numWr  thirty-three, 
that  waa  UfKsn  the  table,  to  see  fair-pluy  ;  the 
clerk,  before  the  little  mahogany  chun*h  front, 
stood  watching  the  needle  to  reaid  off  what 
Dover  might  say.  As  word  followed  word,  at 
tlie  end  of  esicli,  he  moved  the  handles,  to 
give  the  signal  that  he  understood  what  was 
meant. 

Wave,  inkX%  went  the  needle  j  jerk,  jeilc, 


CfeartotDictcAiL: 


WINGS  OF  WntE. 


S43 


went  the  clerk'a  hands  ;  and  he  read  oflF  the 
wortlii  flpelled  by  Dover ;  the  sounds  c&mc  in 
tikis  fasliion,  a3  rapidly  m  axky  one  couid  wuli 
read  them  (nnu  a  L>ook : 

«  The  "--chop-^*^  cow  "_«]iop— "  with  "— 
choD— *  The  " — chop—"  Irou  "—chop—**  Tail " 
— cnop, 

*•  Go  on,**  said  Mr.  Walker  ]  for  there  was 
» EDomeutory  pAuse. 

Chop — chup — chip-chop.  "Dover,  saya,'' 
inusrpi'eted  tlie  clerk,  '*  tlmt  there  in  some  one 
knocking  at  hia  door.     Wait." 

«  Ask  whHt  it  is." 

Chop — chop — dap-chop» 

"  He  says  lie  wim  trying  to  aeud  us  the  Cow 
with  the  Iron  TuiJ,  whilst  someLody  wns 
knocking  about  a  messjige;  and  thtty  ma«le 
mich  »  noi^  that  he  stopped*  He  will  »end 
the  measoge  to  Ix>ndoa,  and  then  attend  to 
the  Cow  again.** 

All  this  was  said  as  rapidly  aa  though 
Dover  waa  Ijodil  v  in  the  room  at  Tonbridge^ 
and  waa  giving  bi;s  vxplaDAtioii  by  word  of 
mouth. 

There  was  again  a  short  pause.  We  hail 
already  founds  not  only  that  Dover  and 
liondon  bad  obvionsly  dLtiferent  kandt  ujto^n 
ihe  ifutrumenf,  but  that  the  tou(^  of  eaoh 
derk  at  a  station,  where  there  are  two  or 
three,  l»  eaaily  known,  and  id  a  curious  teat  of 
his  natui'al  impetuosity. 

"Dover  is  now  talking  t<»  London,"  ex- 
plained Mr.  Walker.  He  hod  scarcely  aaid 
iK>,  when  the  uigiixd  was  giveti  "  Qo  on,"  and 
on  went  Oiir  friend  the  Cow. 

It — ch  op — was —  t  A  (yp — fou  r — ch  op — a^clock 
chop  — ia — chov — ^the— -<^i  op — moni  ing, — ch  ip- 
cfiop — ^and — c/i  op — the  — chop —  Cow — c/t  op — 
witii^ — <*/«>;>— the — chop — Iron — c/iop— Tail — 
cA()/i— pivpjired  —chip^hop — \ov—<hup — the 
— <hop — d  utiea^ — cfiop — of —  chop  —  the — chop 
— day — cfn^p — wi  t  h — chop — her — chop  —  ae- 
CUiiitoini'ri — €h  ip-chop — stolidity— cA  ip-cJiop, 

Th«  wonl  **8t»>liiUty  "  botheretl  the  clerk 
for  a  woond.  **  la  it  *  stjliiiity  1 '  '*  he  asked. 
**AU  right,  g^i  lui,"  was  the*  response — but, 
before  the  words  were  utt«r«d^  Dover  waa 
reading  oti,  for  the  amuseineiit  of  ua  ^ood 
folks,  ni  ihM  Bt/ition  jit  Tnuhridgf,  niile« 
aw;i>  <-'  '  I-"-  ^-l  ,ju  he  went' until  he 
hft't  vs  uf  the  5tary,  and 

^1'"  1    it  where  it  arrives  at 

th^  iocaiity  of  the  Cow  in  a  certain  Court  in 
fiolboru, 

"  High— ^/jo/>^nolbom — chip-ehftp — " 

"Tluvt  will  d**,**  said  we,  turning  to  the 
elock.  Tljfu,  countbag  tip  the  amount  sent, 
we  found  that  twci  hundred  and  thirty-seven 
woi^Ja  liod  l>eeu  telegraphed  and  read  odf  in 
abiint  fouiteen  minutes. 

Some  f'^  *'  '  '•I'^truments  liave,  on  their 
la'gc  c!  ;  faces,  only  one  vibi-ating 

»6odle,  \.  -IB  have  two.     The  needles, 

in  the  improved  inatruments,  aw  much 
■mailer  and  lighter  tljan  in  those  first  can- 
•tructed  j  it  being  naturally  demonstrated  by 


eipieiience  that  the  smaller  netrtlle  turned  the 
more  readily  and  quickly  on  ila  axis.  Let  us 
hwir  Mr.  Walker's  timt  lesson  in  the  art  of 
conquering  hb  my&tle  alphabet — the  electric 
A,  B,  C*  He  would  faiu  persiuide  us  tliat  it 
is  vastly  ea.«jy.  Au«l  indeed,  we  should 
observe  that  it  is  uut^ueatioiialily  so  easy,  as 
that  31i-.  Walker's  fidier  ;uid  better  half  i» 
mistre^  of  it,  and  both  de-smtchea  and  reads 
messages  with  great  factlity,  by  a  little  electric 
telegraph  established  between  the  Tonbridgs 
Station  and  his  private  house. 

« 
**  Out  of  only  fwo  needles*  each  of  which  has  but 
two  tnovotneuitB,  the  teUgimph  alphabet  is  formed. 
Ou  the  face  of  Uio  instruioent  are  the  letters  of 
the  alphabet^  arranged  seriatim  in  two  line^  bo- 
ginuing  at  the  left  and  ending  at  the  right,  ns  in 
ordinaiy  writing.  The  commenotog  sorioo,  from 
A  to  P.  i«  above  the  top  end  of  tho  neo^ss ;  uid 
tho  concluding  aeries,  from  R  to  Y,  bdow  tho 
bottom  oud.  Some  lottcrs  are  ocgraved  <me»t 
soma  tmkc,  and  others  ihrtt  times.  To  moko  a 
letter  oiigmvcd  ouce  requirea  <me  moliou  of  the 
needle  ;  to  make  one  eugmvBd  twico,  hen  motions 
of  the  needle ;  and  to  make  one  et; — ■-'  **iroe 
times,  (Arte  motioun.    In  reapcct  to  r  ^sf, 

the  neddle  f^emrtM  to  the  letter  is  n^i  r  ia 

moved  sooa  to  iiHoiut  tfttoard  the  letter.  In  roopect 
to  ths  lower  row,  both  ueodloa  are  moved,  and 
their  lower  end  is  made  to  point  in  the  direction 
of  the  letter  rsqnived. 

The  rule  of  the  current,  is,  that  if  it  passes 
any  magnet — such  na  the  m.igntitieed  needle 
of  the  iustniment — the  north  pole  of  the 
magnet  moves  to  the  right,  U'  the  current  W  & 
descending  one.  On  the  c^jnti'ary,  if  it  be  an 
ascending  current,  it  movefl  io  the  left.  But 
to  return  to  our  letters  ; — 

Sta  of  the  letters,  C.  D,  L,  K,  and  U»  V,  irequlro 
A  twofold  motion  of  the  needle  or  uoedles^  finit 
to  the  right  thea  to  the  left  for  C,  L,  otid  U, 
and  tirsi.  to  the  hsft  then  to  the  ri^ht  for  D; 
M,  and  V.  These  six  kttors  ore  cagravtMl  iAter>-  ' 
Mfflfid/e,  and  with  a  double  sn*ow  between. 
The  slphabot  produced  by  this  arrangemont  is 
of  a  simple  character,  and  ia  vcrv  readily  ao- 
quhrcd.      To   t'        '  '  *  '     .  d; 

but  when  he  i  IL9. 

appears:  it  iii?„... _  .  _.:.  .^  ,  ...  .  dial 

iu^truruent — o  loiograph,  that  is.  provided  with 
alpliaboth  engraved  ou  a  circular  dial,  nnd  nti  itidex 
made  to  revolve  and  point  to  any  r-  ter 

— ia  more  fiiiwplo,     Soveml  such  t*^  i^t* 

and  oniong  them  SiTg  s^jmc  rei7  ■    '  i; 

aud  there  is  soiuetiiiog  so  m  of 

being  able  to  point  to  any  de^ji  t  is 

no  wonder  the  public  gonerally  uiay,  ou  a  has^ 
glance,  snd  beforo  studying  the  pmctica!  merits  oJF 
the  Goa^  \m  ready  to  decide  in  their  favour,  and 
prsfer  them  to  any  other  plan,  the  A,  B,  C  of 
which  is  Imb  obvicus, 

"  But  is  it  such  a  eery  serious  matter  to  lesm 
another  alphabet  I  Every  achoolUay,  now^l-days, 
knows  soma  hslf-doson  alphabets :  tliere  ate 
iUNnaa  letters  Urge,  and  Uoman  letters  email ; 
maousoript  letters  largo,  and  mauuscript  IsttMCS 
small ;  Old  English  hu^ge,  and  Old  English  sussll  ; 
Greek  laiTge,  and  Qreek  mnaU.  sad.  %o  o&,«aa^  *^> 
diffcreut,  aud  not  ouq  ol  ^©m.  V'o.  w\aas3^  \3o«^«ft^«^ 


II 


imr" 


S44 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


rcoii44n«aiif 


the  telegr 
ono  of  oui 
Roman  C:>\ 
tboai   in.    J 
telegnpli  Biguiilci  — 

'*r  Tier///*.     T^c 

in  exfiiuple;  the 

iiiUnce,  aticl  place  a  few  of 

.11    -witli   tlio   coirospoading 

c  \U 

E           G    /// 
F   //     H    \ 

**  T  ty  of  tlieae  symbols  is  obvious. 

Two  1  one  homontftl  liuo  aro  required 

for  the  Kv.i.,...i  A  ;  two  diagonal  lines  for  thy  tel(^ 
gmpU  A  ;  one  vertical  and  three  horizon Uil  llnea 
uiuko  tho  Roman  E ;  one  dingonal  the  telegraph 
E,  and  BO  on  ;  tlio  difforencc  being  that  all  tho 
wnHd  have  loamed  tho  Konian  alphabet,  but  only 
;i    '  ' .  w  have  studied  the  tolegnkph  syiubola. 

itter  rcftlly  tiro  simple  and  distinctive; 
L  ,,  _,  aro  foil  of  lac-ftning  and  very  legible; 
that  Uiev  aro  applicablo  to  onlinary  longDAge,  and 
good,  ay.  very  good  I  no  one  will  for  a  moment 
doubt„  who  baa  fe<?n  tho  rsvpitiity  and  accuracy 
witli  which  a  telegraph  officer  receivoH  a  despatch." 

^tl^  Walker  becomes  more  gmphic  as  be 
warniB  with  \ua,  su]>)ect : — 

"  To  one  who  wea  a  telegraph  in  operation  for 
Iho  Tirfct  titjio,  th<  "  '  '  ;  li-rs  on  the  uiarvellous ; 
.i^ULiug  out  of  li  tho   faet  that  tho 

ijcodles  are  cau!^•J  -  by  an  individual  per- 

lups  a  hundred  milon  otl ;  the  motion  of  the 
jioedles  hither  and  ihitber,  quicker  than  tho  ixn- 
trained  eye  can  follow  ;  the  want  of  all  apixircnt 
order  and  rule  in  their  movement ;  the  rini^ug  of 

•t      * ;k  botwot'ii  one  and  the  other,  and  both; 

I  Lfumcf  in  which  the  clerk  poinU^  his 

I  :  liij  letter  E,  iii  rapid  inten'ola,  implying 

Uiat  he  tmderfitAnds  the  worti  ;  while  to  the  un- 
initiat^^d  hxikeron,  lUl  k  wonder,  and  mystery,  and 
mnd  thu  rare  occtirrenoo  of  tho  clerk 
pf* ,  implying  he  did  not  understand  ; 
ui.-.,  w. .,.!*>,  the  quiet  manner  with  which  tho  clerk 
tells  you,  very  wjoUy,  na  the  result  of  his  opera^ 
tioan, — -that '  flte  voiy  pretty  girl  with  bright  blue 
eyes  and  long  curls  /uf4  aoilod  for  Boulogne  in  the 

•  Princess  Cleineutine/  now  loa%nt>g  FolkHtono 
Harbour;  and  that  she  in  acconjiianicil  V)y  tlie 
till,  handsome  man,  with  thu  dark  moustac-he  and 
military'  cloak :  *  as  he  tclLs  you  this,  and  says, 

*  Message  and  answer,  forty  wortls,  two  ratew,  at 
l<Ji,  da.,  one  gninca,  porterage  a  ahilling — one 
pound  two,' — if  you  happen  to  bo  tho  papa  of  the 
pair  of  blue  cyea,  jrou  are  bewildered,  and  wish 
you  were  an  electric  cuiTont,  and  could  bo  aent 
after  them/' 

••  But  to  retu  m  to  the  alphabet ;  and  here,  by-the- 
bye,  1  should  mention  that  tho  voltaic  cunTiUt  t3 
put  into  circulation  and  the  needles  deflected  by 
a  right  or  left  motion  given  by  tho  hand  to  thu 
handles  on  the  lower  part  of  the  instnunont. 
Ha\ing  dewjribod  tho  general  aixangement  of  tho 
code,  I  need  not  go  through  the  lottera  #rnu/tm— 
but  shall  describe  tho  arbitnirj'  Bignals,  also  en- 
graved on  the  fuL-o.  The  symbol  like  a  Maltese  croi« 
rf<,  which  wo  tei-m  •  stop,"  in  ni>e<l  by  the  sender  at 
too  end  of  ever\'  word,  and  by  the  reader  when  he 
domnot  wulcntand  any  particular  woriL  In  these 
OAMt  it  ia  merely  pointed  to  by  a  left-hand  doHee- 
tioii  of  Ibo  needle.  Tho  letter  E  is  poiutod  to  bv 
tlio  reoder  tho  moment  ho  uuderstanda  n  word. 
Two  beat*  to  the  Jcttor  E  ora  used  for  'yea*'    For 


instance,  to  upcll  the  word  HB^r,  wo  mako  tlio  four 
following  beats : — 

Ttifl  flnit  beat  ( \)  U  nt«de  irltii  tb«  ri^Ut  noedio*  nad  !■  0 
y,    Kmnd      if)        -  ^*^  »  K 

^  third       (/)       „  risht        „  N 

^   ftnirth      (\)       f.  left  „  ^ 

tho  hi?t  beat  being  tho  end  of  the  woi\l.  If  tho 
corresjioudent  u»<fmifa«icLi,  ho  makes  with  the  left 
needle  tho  Jirsi  of  tkc  following  deflections  ;  if  ho 
doofi  not,  ho  makes  tho  Kcond : — 


\ 


Some  of  the  letters  aro  cngrnvod  smaller  than 
other«,  not  for  any  other  reason  than  to  pack  them 
comfortably  on  the  engraved  plate ;  there  woidd 
be  no  room  If  all  were  made  large. 

**  Wait  and  Oo  oti  are  engraved  on  tho  instru- 
ment, and  aro  useful  Bigiialj>.  If  London  calla 
Dover  at  a  time  when  Dover  in  otherwise  occupied, 
and  unable  for  tho  moment  to  attend,  Dover  ex<^ 
changea  aignals  with  London  and  discovers  who 
wants  him.  and  ho  then  points  the  lower  end  of 
I  his  needloa  to  the  letter  \l,  or  word  *  Wait'  When 
'  he  is  disongaged  and  ready  to  take  tho  message, 
*  ho  adla  London^  exclmn^ing  aignftls  in  the  usual 
way,  and  points  the  needles  to  W«  oc  *  Go  os.' " 

Before  asiy  mesaa^o  18  commenced,  the 
Htteniiou  of  the  clerk  At  the  placo  it  is  to 
lie  Bent  to  is  aroused  hy  the  nnging  of  au 
alarum.  This  is  done  by  eemling  n  currant 
<»f  the  eUrtrio  Hdid  along  om*  of  tho  wireis, 
the  other  end  of  which  is  near  a  piece  of  »ollt 
iron.  The  fluid  attracts  the  iron,  the  motion 
of  which  releases  a  spring.  Huh  release  »\?Xa 
free  some  clock-work — au  csea^»ement,  in  fact 
— which  rings  a  boll.     The  w  "  by  nii 

upwanl-^lancin?  traveller,  al  i    of  n 

railway  line,  j-uling  the  sky  It k  n.^.n.  |»;qar, 
are  not  jdl  iUfcessMU'}'  for  messages  between 
the  two  termini.  One  wit,'  s\i.iilii  Kr  <mi» n-li 
for  n.tmniuuic^atiu^  mc.-  r 

and  liondoii,  and  the  cli  i, 

but  the  more  convenient  pi<in  i.-*  to  have 
two  for  the  purpose ;  that  is,  one  for  tlie 
mtS5«ige-8,  and  one  for  the  alamm-bell. 
V\Tien  more  wires  tliau  two  ai-e  fte«?n,  the 
arhlitional  number  are  act  up  for  the  conveiii- 
eucN'  of  intermediate  smaller  stAtionB,  giou|jed 
together  for  the  purpose,  in  orxler  that  f  heir 
electric  couvei'sations  may  not  ilbturb,  or  bo 
distui'bed  by,  more  urgent  comJiuuiiuatioutfl 
between  the  larger  and  moi'e  importaot 
atatioiJB  of  the  railway. 

The  South-fkistem  Lino  haa  already  its 
ti-legraphic  anccdotea  and  little  romiinces. 
Here  ie.  one  of  them — 

"  On  Tburaday,  the  2nd  of  October,  1847, 
a  man  named  HutchingB  wn«  to  have  been 
I'xecuted  for  niui'der  at  Maidstjoue  ;  but  juat 
before  the  appi^Jinted  hour^  the  Govexament 
i«*nt  a  messiige  by  the  South-Eastem  Tele- 
j;i*apb  to  ttt.ay  the  execution  for  two  hours, 
Tim  was  vii-ta:dly  looketl  oo  aa  a  I'eprieve  ■ 
antl^  regai'ding  ail  the  circumstancea  of  the 
caae,  eveiybo^y  in  Maidstone  conaiilered  that 
the  man's  sentence  had  been  commuted.  The 
sheriff  wsm  buatly  engageil  in  examining  the 


// 


A  COAL  MIXER'S  EVIBENCE. 


W 


^ 


exttct  charaetef  of  the  communication,  with  a 
^'iew,  DO  doubt,  of  siiti»fnDg  hiiuself  tluit,  in 
ftctitig  on  the  onler  of  the  electric  telegraph, 
he  wxi  not  exceeding  hia  duty.  Perplexed 
as  io  the  proji^r  course  to  be  adopt^*d^  the 
sheHt!^  iu  hLs  trepidation,  comraeuced  by 
electric  t<degmph  a  cttrrc«pondence  with  the 
Home  Office,  to  the  effect  that  he  waited  for 
further  orders.  Two  hours  and  a  half  elaiifl^d, 
when  a  second  order  waa  received  per  tele- 
graph, instructing  the  sheriff  at  once  to  pro- 
eeea,  and  carry  the  eenleuc^  of  the  law  into 
effect.  The  order  was  to  be  forwarded  from 
the  Lrjudon  Bndge  station  of  the  South 
Eastern  Railway ;  but  here  the  tele^Taph 
clerk  appealed  to  the  railway  officers,  to  know 
whether  the  authority  for  sending  such  a 
inetssagia  was  sufficient  The  Chairman  of  the 
Corapfiny  was  at  hand  at  the  time,  and  ejt- 
preaseil  himself  not  satisfied  with  it,  requiring 
mrther  proof  of  its  authenticity  before  allow- 
ing the  telegraph  to  be  the  messenger  of 
death.  Accordingly,  the  superintendent,  at 
once  drove  over  to  the  Home  Office  to  obtjiiu 
the  necessaiy  proof,  and  stated  to  Sir  Denis 
Le  Marchant,  that  in  a  matter  involving  such 
consoquenccit,  it  became  hia  duty  to  have  a 
written  order,  and  tliat  without  evidence  of 
this  kind,  the  railway  authorities  would  not 
be  justified  in  instructing  the  sheriff.  The 
Home  Oflice  authorities  at  once  fiavv  the 
reajsonableuess  of  the  request ;  a  written  paper 
was  signed,  the  mrasage  9ent,  and  the  man 
was  executed-" 

But,  the  tales  are  not  all  of  a  tragic  cast. 
"  One  day,  some  accidents  on  the  railway  had 
created  much  uneaj$ine^,  mid  g&ve  to  evexy 
want  of  punctuality  an  alarjulng  aspect.  The 
officers  of  the  station  were  heard  to  mutter 
tlieir  '  wonder  where  the  down  train  was/ 
Eyes  were  stretched  to  their  utmost,  but  no 
sign  of  the  train.  All  at  once^  there  was  a 
loud  tin^^le  of  the  telegraph  bell — sudden 
ihouKhta  of  a  terrible  colUaion  crossed  all 
min<k — the  officer  of  the  stiition  ran  in,  and 
took  tils  place  before  tlie  tek^jifraj^h,  with  his 
back  to  tlje  anxious  passengei's  in  waiting, 
who,  stretching  their  nev^ks  across  the  counter, 
gazed  with  Juuazemeut  at  the  myatericms 
needle.  There  was  a  moment's  pause,  when 
the  otheor  turner  1  round,  aud  gravely  said^ — 
*  T&e^  xconi  a  mmuVi  icorth  of  coppcr«  at  tU 

• station  J      There  waa  a  sudden   hiugh 

and  a  buzz,  in  the  midst  of  which  a  shrill 
whistle  announced  the  coming  train." 

The  greater  f>art  of  the  denuatches  sent  by 
tliis  wonderful  invcntii»u,  in  England  j^late, 
we  believe,  to  oceasious  of  cusaster  and 
Burprise.  During  the  prevalence  of  the 
cholera,  for  example,  they  rrlated  princif»ally 
to  sudden  sickDess  aud"  d*jath.  its  greater 
general  use  in  America  has  lately  been  the 
subject  of  interestiug  iliacussion  j  but  the 
immense  distances  at  which  peraoua  engaged 
in  coimaerce  are  often  ajjju-t,  m  that  country, 
and  the  time  required  for  the  de*>{iatch  and 
receiut  of  the  fleetest  Post  in  buch  caaes, 


afford  an  obvious  reason  for  its  use  there 
which  d<j>es  not  exist  in  this  Island.  On  the 
question  of  cheapness,  it  must  be  rememlierod 
that  b<*th  wood  and  land  ai*e  greatly  cheaper 
in  the  United  States  than  in  England,  (md 
that  these  important  items  in  the  cost  of  con- 
s;trnction  are  necessarily  low  across  the 
Atlantic.  The  question  of  the  relative  de- 
grees of  speed  in  the  transmission  of  so  many 
hundreds  or  thousands  of  words,  can  <jnly  be 
settled  on  very  accurate  eviden<?e.  We  have 
a  greAt  regard  for  our  Brother  Jonathan,  but 
we  cannot  forget  l4iat  the  virtue  of  pa-, 
triotism  (wliich  he  fwssesses  in  a  very  hifrh 
degree)  occasionally  inclines  him  to  state- 
ments on  such  jK>inta  a  little  resembling  tfi© 
I  preliminary  announcements  of  that  famous 
American  steam-ship  wliioli  wjur  to  arrive  in 
Liverpool  the  day  l>efore  it  left  New  York. 


A  COAL  MINER'S  EVIDENCE. 

The  common  scene  of  action  for  our  mortal 
enemy,  Death,  in  all  his  manifold  sliapea 
whether  of  deep  grief,  slow  pain,  8u<lden 
terror,  or  prolonged  and  gentle  tleeayj  is  upon 
the  open  (ace  and  fabric  of  our  mother  earth  ; 
but  every  now  and  then  we  are  startled  by 
the  intelligence  of  some  dreadful  loss  of  life, 
a  loss  even  of  numbers,  from  a  blow  dealt  in 
the  darkness  of  many  hundred  feet  beneath 
the  ground.  The  details  of  one  of  the  last  of 
these  frightful  events, — toother  with  some 
previous  accidents  of  a  himdar  kind  in  South 
Staffordshire  and  North  Durham,  we  are 
enabled  to  lay  before  our  readers  in  the  words 
of  a  miner,  as  related  by  himself.  He  waa  in 
the  pit  at  the  time  of  the  recent  explosion. 
We  only  omit  such  technical  terms  and  local 
phniseology  as  would  be  onintelligible ;  the 
rest  is  all  in  his  own  language. 

''  I  am  a  coal  miner,  as  you  see,  and  have 
been  all  my  life.  I  was  one  o*  thera  as  had 
tht^  ])rovn<lential  escape  from  the  Sloughton 
Colliery  exph>sion,  which  all  the  newspapers, 
I  'm  told,  are  a-talking  about  just  now.  They 
may  talk  with  good  cause,  but  they  don't 
know,  and  cannot  know,  what  we  suffered,  in 
our  minds  more  than  our  bodies, — ^we  as  sur- 
vived to  escape.  I  pray  to  my  God  night  and 
day — and  I  am  not  much  used  to  prajinff, 
neither — that  I  may  never  agiun  go  through 
such  a  scene  as  that  night  was.  Many  a  man 
prayed  then,  who  had  never  thought  of  it 
much  since  he  was  by  his  mother's  knee. 

"  Now  I  shall  tell  you  wliat  happened  to  us 
then,  as  well  as  I  can ;  for  it  was  a  dark  and 
smoky  business,  you  know,  and  not  long 
ardoing;,  till  we  got  walled  up  in  the  ruin; 
and  also,  if  you  please  to  heai*  me  liegin  my 
life  a  bit,  of  some  things  of  the  same  kind 
that  have  happened  to  me  afore.  These 
explosions  are  nothing  new  to  me.  I  bAT« 
been  all  my  life  a  miner,  man  and  Wj,  ^mspw 
these  two-and-1[orty  ^eax  \  ^v«x.  ^X  l&^i^wam-, 
and  mow  Wto  in  Bvorlvvan.    1  xaMaJ^ ^s^^i wv  ^^ 


U6 


HOUSEHOLD  WOUDa 


rr^ndvetedbr 


in  my  owa  wav,  from  the  b«||pnuw  :  only,  aa 
you  write  it  down  for  me,  just  ue  ao  £Ood 
as  make  it  alt  clear  grnramar-like  and  Rpelliog ; 
for  I  'm  no  crent  hmid  at  that. 

**  I  went  down  iu  tUe  pit  when  I  waa  six 
jear  olJ.  My  father  ana  mother  jiaesed  me 
off  txsL  seven  aud  a  half ;  so  they  gut  my  wages^ 
I  was  *<uiployed  in  carr}"itig  picks  [little  short- 
handled  pickaxe*  that  hew  down  the  coala] 
to  be  iiiouded,  and  often  cajricd  three  at  a 
time.  I  got  two  and  sixpence  a  week.  When 
I  wa»  a  ftjw  iDonthB  oldei\  1  waa  put  to  keep  a 
tra|»-<ioor.  At  first  they  let  me  have  a  oaiulle, 
but  after  a  week  they  sjiid  I  could  ait  just  as 
well  in  the  dark  to  attend  to  the  trap.  I  sat 
ui  a  little  hole  like  a  chimney -place,  cut  in  the 
coal.  Sat  in  this  way  twelve  nuiu'8  a  day»  all 
in  the  djirk.  Not  so  werrif  dull  and  lonesome 
Its  you  'd  siippoiie.  A  cood  deal  of  company 
ctimin^  anil  going  all  day.  When  tlie  horee 
came  with  an  empty  tiaaket  and  skip,  he  could 
open  the  door  with  a  pc^ke  of  his  bead  ;  but 
wnen  he  came  along  with  a  load,  I  pulled  it 
open  by  a  string.  JJe  knowed  all  about  it. 
I  sat  there  with  a  Ptririg  iu  my  band.  For 
ihi*  work  I  had  eightpence  a  day.  Some  time 
aftt'i'  I  w;is  moved  to  a  trap,  where  I  always 
hod  to  pidl  the  door  open,  for  the  hoi^e  imd 
tram,  eni[*ty  or  lojuied,  and  then  I  {^at  ten- 
p€nce  a  day.  Ikaldes  the  coming  and  going 
of  tlie  horyes,  and  men  and  boys,  trappers 
have  other  ainuaement,  or  perha|>8  they  mit[ht 
get  very  sad,  or  go  to  &leep,  as  we  often  did, 
Knd  get  woke  with  a  whip.  This  other  amuse- 
ment xsm  oflen  a  cruel  one.  I  wiu;  taught  it  hy 
other  bo}Ts.  There  were  rats  and  mice  in  the 
pit,  as  came  down  in  the  oats  and  hay,  and 
they  lived  by  stealing  the  caudles,  hoi'sea'^ 
fooil,  ami  the  buit-b:Ags  of  the  men,  I  Bome- 
timea  killed  a  r.'^t  wltli  a  large  coal ;  but  when 
I  cjingljt  iTjIee,  1  used  to  put  the  tails  of  three 
orfniirof  them  ii»to  a  snlit  stick,  and  then 
iihake  them  together  till  tney  fought  ljkenia<!. 
I  alwajTj  kept  a  bit  of  can<llc  to  see  the  sport 
bv,  aorry  1  am  to  own  it,  now  I  *m  a  man. 
Tjiere  were  also  aijreat  many  jack -gnata.  and 
wood-lice,  and  oh i  forty -legs^  and  black  clocks 
— ^long-lngged  black  beetlea  with  horns.  I 
w»8  oUeu  cruel  to  the  jack-gnats  when  they 
slidtcjt-ed  me,  and  I  uaed  to  ti-y  and  make  the 
clocks  %bt,  but  they  soon  shammed  dead^ 
and  the  old  foi'ty-legs  always  ran  away. 

•'  After  about  a  year  and  a  lialf  in  this  way, 
I  was  put  to  sweej)  the  tram-road  and  clear 
the  rail  with  a  whisp  of  hay,  and  pick  up 
OoaLa  off  the  roail  ;  and  next  they  set  me  to 
walk  with  a  candle  l>efore  hoi-sea.  The  candles 
were  short  sixtecns.  I  waa  eight  year  old 
now,  and  got  three  and  sixj)enco  a  week,  which 
I  took  home  to  my  mother. 

"  liefore  I  was  nine  yearn  old  I  had  a  bad 
accident  from  an  explosion.  The  wild-fire 
came  rushing  along  a  road,  and  knocked 
iUelf  out  against  the  opjH>8ite  enil  just  at 
the  cross  way,  where  I  was  ccnning,  which 
lATcd  my  life  ;  but  some  of  It  reached  me,  and 
I  WHS  wordied  all  over  the  breast  and  arms. 


I  lay  ill  nine  weeks.  It  was  caused  by  a  man 
opening  the  Davy  lamp  to  prove  to  another 
that  the  gas  about  them  was  not  so  bad  as  he 
said.  They  had  betted  a  pot  of  h''*^r  nn  it. 
Tlieae  sorts  of  doings  are  commri 
even  wh^u  you  hear  the  gas  ptf 
in  httle  explosions  as  it  gets  thriij^Mi  uno 
the  himp.  I  once  heard  a  man,  one  of  the 
under-goera,  wlio  was  on  his  way  to  re- 
move a  pillar,  complain  that  his  Davy  did  not 
show  li^it  enough  ;  so,  another  man  accom- 
panied him  with  a  lighted  candle  in  hia  hand 
to  help  him  see  his  work  better.  A  ilreadful 
ejtplosiou  followed,  a  few  minutes  after,  and 
nine  men  and  two  boys  were  killed.  Tlie  two 
undemejith,  where  the  pilhu*  was  to  be  hewn 
away,  were  got  out  all  black,  like  coko  and 
cinder.  If  they  hadn't  been  Cliristiana,  there 
wa«  no  call  to  bury  them,  as  far  as  their 
bodies  M  ere  consamed,  poor  fellotvs.  Wrong 
too  J  for  they  caueed  the  death  of  other  poor 
fellows  by  their  carclessoQthBs  and  folly. 

"  Alter  my  accident  I  did  not  go  down 
again  in  the  pit  for  six  months.  I  warn*t 
strong  enough.  I  dix^ve  a  '  gin '  on  the  bank. 
[the  *gin  *  consists  of  a  horse  going  iu  a  circle, 
and  working  a  wheel  that  winds  up  or  hit« 
down  loads  iiito  the  pit].  The  work  wiia  not 
hard,  except  m  cold  or  wet  weathtr  ;  but 
then  I  often  stood  in  a  hovel  by  a  fire,  and 
kept  th'  old  horse  going  by  pelting  hin»  with 
small  bits  of  coal,  to  let  bun  know  I  was 
there.  1  learnt  to  reajd  at  an  oveuing-«chool 
at  this  time  :  and  to  write  a  little  too.  But 
I  've  foi-gotten  both  since, 

"\\ljcn  I  next  went  down  into  the  pit  I 
diH-'W  little  wajjgons  of  coals,  with  a  girdlo 
and  chain  ;  this  is  called  hurrifiiU}.  IInr«l  work 
it  was,  Tlie  blisters  wei-e  often  ns  big  as 
shillingB  and  half-crown  piect^.  All  full  o( 
water  they  were.  And  tjie  blistej's  of  one 
day  were  V>rokcu  tlie  next,  and  the  girdle 
stuck  to  the  wound.  Sore  work,  I  promise 
you  ;  but  I  got  one-and-sixpence  .%  day  for 
It,  and,  the  last  three  months,  two  sbilnngs, 

"After  this,  I  w^as  hired  as  fend  to  my 
uncle,  a  vonng  fellow  of  niuetecn  who  was  \ 
putter,  l^hose  who  push  the  little  waggons 
of  coals  along  the  tram-roa^ls  are  called 
'  putters  ; '  and  when  a  young  lK>y  help*  an 
elder  he  is  called  his  *foal.'  vVlien  two  \yc>y^ 
of  foiuteen  or  fiiteeu  yeai^  of  a^e  puflh  too- 
ther, equally,  they  are  calM  ?■  '^  •  ■  "-r-o/r-jf. 
I  was  a  foal  for  near  a  twi  I  -  and 

then  a  half-raaj-row,  and  got  t  I -six- 

pence a-week.  One  day  the  butty  (overseer) 
sent  us  to  a  nart  of  the  mine  where  wc  had 
never  been  before.  There  was  tire-datnp  there, 
and  it  put  wit  our  cjiiidles,  one  after  another, 
as  fast  as  we  lighted  them.    So  w<  ir 

was  not  safe  to  try  it  on  any  1-  i 

we  began  to  scramble  our  way  bui.iv  in  U/c 
djirk.  Laughing  we  were  a  go<^»d  d4;.aK 
But  we  missed  our  way,  and  got  mto  an  old 
working  as  had  been  abandoue*!  for  years, 
and  got  quite  lost.  We  wandered  nVwut 
here  two  whole  days  and  nights  afore  w9 


li 


I 


found  our  witj  oot»  Mid  were  mgh  stairveti 

to  Jtntb. 

"  I  was  strong  of  my  age,  aiid  the  butty 
Bud  I  bftd  ftome  senae  in  me,  ft&d  set  me  to 
to  i]s«  the  pick  sooner  tbnn  is  usnnl.  In 
Kenenil  the  iiiin«r  does  nt>t  use  the  |iirk,  and 
become  a  fioler  or  nndergoer  [those  who  go 
into  holes  and  im<lermine  mi»stf.f..8  of  coidj  till 
he  is  one-ftnd-twe!Jty.  1  was  sc-t  to  ilo  this  at 
liLticteen,  and  earned  four  shillings  a-day,  and 
Ronietiwe*  more.  (Jot  ln&dly  bnrrit  once  at 
this  work.  I  was  ly'uig  in  iw  new  working 
where  the  air  was  had,  and  I  was  oV>Ugpd  to 
use  a  Diivy  Limp.  I  hatl  boiigiit  a  new  watch 
at  Tif>ton,  and  I  wanted  to  &ee  wlmt  o'clock 
it  w:«i*  by  it— else,  what  was  the  use  on  it  ? 
— and  a»  I  couldn't  t«ll  by  the  Davy,  T 
just  lifltil  off  the  top— and  /j/'itm  /  went  the 
^aa,  and  stiirohefl  my  fitce  all  over,  so  that 
the  ekiu  all  peeled  off.  It  waB  shocking  to 
Bee.  1  wa«  hdd  up  with  this  for  two  months 
— and  sarvM  me  right.  I  say  n^^,  but  it  was 
hard  to  bear  at  the  time. 

**  As  for  accidents  from  the  explosion  of  gaa, 
I  «iy  there  *8  no  help  for  them,  and  never  can 
b«>,  HO  Gir  as  the  men  tliemfielves  are  coueemed. 
I  havo  be<efi  oAentime  vei*y  careleai  myself,  x\a 
1  've  told  you,  and  «o  are  all  minera,  ami 
alwa^T3  will  l>e.  You  may  cure  the  mine  of 
i»as,  |ierhai«,  but  you  '11  never  cure  the  men. 
Nor  I  don  t  well  see  how  you  *rc  to  cure  the 
gaits,  nt  all  time«,  neither.  When  a  headin^^  [thi^ 
working  at  tJie  end  of  an  excavation]  is  made  ] 
up  a  slant,  the  gaa  collects  in  the  upper  end.  > 
luul  to  dbturb  thin  ^m,  viA  you  must  do,  and 
distribute  it,  and  drive  it  away,  a'nt  so  safe 
and  ea^^y  a  matter,  without  a  chance  of  a  bit 
of  an  explosion  or  two.  The  worst  time  of  all 
Is  when  an  nf>-hiU  he^uling  ia  ujiited  to  another 
heading,  for  then  you*re  almost  certain  t«D 
have  a  rush  doi^ni  of  the  gaa,  and  if  there  'a  an 
uncovered  li<;ht  in  the  way,  vou  Ve  sure  of  an 
explofiion.  Wdl — then,  don^t  havt  a  light  in 
the  way,  on  such  ofcaaions  ;  nuike  the  junc- 
ture of  the  two  headings  iu  the  dark.  That  *a 
eaay  said ;  and  so  we  *re  oi-dered,  and  so 
we  ought  to ;  but  to  get  men  to  do  it, 
that's  the  job.  Besideit,  if  it  troj  »11  being 
done  iii  the  dark,  a  l>oy  m^ht  come  run- 
ning that  way  with  a  lighted  candle  in  hia 
hand,  a-aLuging  •  Susannah  * — and  then  where 
Are  you  1 

"  You  want  to  know  if  there's  no  autho- 
rity, and  no  ordei-  down  in  the  mines — ^nobody 
to  walk  about  and  prevent  accid»?nilrom  eare- 
kaaneait  Well— there's  the  imU^f,  as  fi:ive3 
out  the  work  ;  and  there  "s  the  di^y,  who  is 
always  a-walking  al)out  to  aee  it  done.  But 
what  s  one  man  to  mi  lea  and  miles  of  dark- 
ness uudcrCTound,  with  gas  or  bad  air  every- 
whei-e,  and  vocti  and  walls  alwaya  liable  tf» 
IklL  iu  I  The  overlookers  have  euotigh  to  do 
to  take  Giu*e  o'  theiraelvea,  at  times,  Sfiiiue 
years  ago— 1  S38about — atTamworth— abutiy 
coming  to  his  w«trk  in  the  nioming,  walk^^ii 
right  mto  the  pit's  mouth  yn\\\  two  candles 
iu  his  hand  ;  and  only  Vother  day«  hi  one  of 


our  mines  here,  a  doggy  had  hia  head  blown 
off  with  the  wild-fire. 

"It  doesn't  otaue  of  drink,  thla  carelessness 
of  the  miners  ;  it  '^  just  in  our  UHdir  not  to 
care — that 's  all.  We  do  drink  and  eat  too, 
a  good  deal  ;  but  not  in  the  mine.  Our 
dinners  there,  are  not  much,  except  on  pai- 
ticulai*  days,  when  there  ia  a  feaat  :  but  wncit 
we  come  up  from  the  pit,  we  have  liot  suppeiia 
at  night  tn  our  cottages.  The  doc  to  i*)*  say  that 
a  miner  needs  to  eat  near  three  times  as  much 
as  a  mecJiauic  who  sits  at  his  work  all  day  ; 
and  we  do  eat  tlircc  timea  as  much.  We  'm 
not  a  drunken  set  o*  people  ;  only  on  Mondays 
there 's  a  ^^^^^^  drank,  and  not  very  han^- 
sorae-like  on  Tueadaya.  We  moirt-ly  lie  in 
be*J  and  sleep  half  Siuidays.  Some  of  us  ait? 
tee-totallei*8 — Ijut  a  w^rry,  ir^rry  few.  The 
Marquis  o'  Hastings,  who's  a  great  eosd* 
owner,  once  told  a  collier  that  he  knew  a 
miner  who  hud  never  <lrank  a  quart  of  beer 
in  all  his  life,  put  together,  yet  he  had  liveil 
to  the  agtt  *if  ninety.  But  the  collier  said, 
that  if  such  a  man  without  beer  could  live  to 
be  ninety, — if  he  had  but  ha'  drunk  a  quart 
of  ale  a  day,  he  M  have  lived  for  ever  ! 

"  After  I  had  been  an  under-goer  three 
ycara,  I  had  a  large  piece  of  coal  fall  iij¥>n 
me  from  the  roof  in  one  of  the  workings 
which  broke  my  leg.  My  mother  was  deaS,, 
and  I  wag  not  maiTied  at  this  time,  l»ecausc 
the  girl  I  should  ha'  married,  took  up  with 
somelxxiy  else  ;  ao  1  went  to  my  sister  to  W 
nursed.  She  and  her  husband  wens  going 
to  live  at  Durham,  and  persua4.led  me,  when  I 
was  well,  to  go  along  with  them.  I  soon 
went  down  into  the  pit  a;^ain,  ami  used  to 
earn  five  shillinG;a  a  day»  It  wua  here  that 
happened  one  of  those  very  ba«l  explcmious  I 
told  you  of  when  you  first  spoke  to  me  about 
this  laat  buiBineH».  The  one  I  now  ej>eak  itf 
was  in  the  Williiii^u  Colliei'y. 

"  It  was  in  the  Bensham  seam  of  this 
colliery  that  the  explosion  I  am  gomg  ^^ 
tell  on  took  place.  It  took  place  on  tlte 
l{>th  of  Api-il,  1841,  at  a  little  alter  one 
p.u.  The  Bensham  seam  lies  about  a  hun- 
dred and  forty  fiithoms  from  the  aurfaoe; 
the  eoal  is  over  four  feet  in  thickness  in  most 
parts,  and  the  pit  b  good  nine  feet  foar  wide 
from  wall  to  walL  The  coals  are  <irawn  up 
in  iron  cages ;  two  tulis  on  each  mge»  The 
pit  li^  been  in  work  some  time.  We  liad 
ailvanoed  two  himdred  and  eighty  yaads  from 
Iho  bottom  of  the  shaft.  Besides  this,  there 
were  two  nort  h  headways,  each  seven  feet  wide, 
which  had  a^lvnnced  more  <han  two  hundred 
yards.  Holinga  were  maile  Iwtween  each  of 
the  headways  for  air.  We  luui  an  up-cast 
shaft,  called'  the  Edward  Pit,  by  whicli  the 
air  ascended  to  the  surface,  after  ventilating 
all  the  workings.  The  current  of  air,  you 
undei-stantl,  deiicended  by  another  sba^  »s 
was  called  tlie  Bigge  Pit/  One  cuiTeat  went 
one  way  ;  another  current  another.  Ther«i 
w:vs  pains  enough  taken  to  give  us  enou^ 
whoksome  air. 


w 


"It  was  ftt  llie  west  the  oxploaion  look 
plttcc.  I  Wild  nt  work  with,  another  Tiian 
aiiil  a  boy,  near  live  bttndred  Ym-da,  reckrm- 
ing  ilia  mid  outn,  east  *»r  the  shaft,  A 
audJfti  rush  of  wimi  Mid  duat  cume  ]uist 
itH.  It  put  out  our  ciuidlt*B.  We  knew 
directly  there  hiu\  ht'cn  an  exjdosion  some- 
where,'und  we  rim  jUoug  in  the  dark  as  fast 
aa  we  co«ld.  We  ftdl  down  wwei-al  timep, 
luiuhlii:g  over  stones  nud  lnrg<*  pieces  tjf  coal 
01*  timVier  that  ha^l  lM.*en  slinken  and  blown 
out.  When  we  got  to  the  foot  of  the  sluirt, 
we  found  the  iron  c&^e  stuck  fiuut,  all  jiimmt'd 
with  the  explosion  ;  but  we  n»:ule  the  signal, 
!vnd  another  cage  was  lowered  to  na,  into 
winch  we  Junip^d^  before  it  reach<,^d  the 
bottom,  by  ticnimbliog  up  the  titles  of  the 
shall.  When  we  got  to  the  bjuik,  and  had 
taken  our  bretith  a  bit,  we  Bi\w  the  chief 
viewer  of  the  pit  come  running  to  us  with  bia 
Davy  lamp.  Wt*  ea»!h  took  a  Davj',  antl 
wt  at  down  the  pit,  to  see  who  we  could  help. 
Wc  knew  there  litul  been  satl  work  among 
th«m.  When  we  got  down  to  the  bottom  of 
the  ahafti,  we  soon  heiird  inoana  and  f^oans, 
Tlrey  were  two  lads^  still  alive.  We  got 
thoiu  hoisted  up  in  the  cage  to  the  bank  ;  but 
they  lived  a  very  little  while.  Soon  after,  we 
found  two  more  quite  dead,  shockinjLflv  burnt. 
We  had  not  gone  niueh  further  wlien  we 
found  there  had  l>eeu  a  great  fall  of  the 
roofing  ;  and  amon^  the  looae  coals  and 
stoncg,  and  tiniljers  we  found  a  horse  and  a 
pony,  all  mangled  and  einj^ed.  We  now  met 
the  after-dam Pj  and  were  thinking  of  return- 
ing, when  a  groan  made  us  go  forwanl,  and 
we  brought  out  the  body  of  a  young  man 
alive,  but  in  sneh  a  state,  he  couldn't  be  reeog- 
tiiaed.  We  now  found  that  the  doore  of  the 
trappers  in  several  places  had  l>een  blown 
out,  and  cou8e<jueutly  the  air  curreiHs  had 
ceiweil  to  ventilate  all  the  west  and  north 
workings,  so  that  tlio&e  who  were  there,  and 
had  e*ic3ij»ed  the  explosion,  would  l>e  likely  to 
lo»e  their  lives  by  the  idler-damp. 

**  A  strange  smell  of  burning  now  made  us 
know  that  some  othei-  soil  uf  lire  \\n&  iit  work, 
and  aa  w©  ran  in  the  direction  it  sine  It  like 
burning  straw,  which  told  us  it  was  the  stables 
ns  Inul  taken  tire.  And  sure  enough,  there 
they  were  all  in  tliick  yellow  smoke  and  red 
flames.  The  hurj5.es  were  prancing  wild  about, 
and  one,  who  wt\js  blind,  got  out,  and  lore 
away,  and  killed  hinjflelf  by  running  agcn 
a  wall.  We  all  saw"  death  before  ns,  if  we 
coulduH  master  this  tire  ;  because  if  it  com- 
municated with  the  workings  in  the  west  and 
northjf  where  the  bad  gas  w  ;m,  there  would  be 
another  blow-up  woriie  tliau  the  first.  Mr. 
Johnson,  the  viewer,  at^teil  like  a  man.  We 
all  gave  our  minds  to  the  work,  and  succeeded 
in  stopping  out,  witli  wooil  and  wet  clay 
plMter,the  entrances  to  these  w^aking?.  Fire 
Qitgin^  were  then  got  down,  and  we  continued 
to  pump  at  the  stables,  and  at  the  walls  of  eosd 
which  had  took  fire  on  each  side,  and  after  we 
bod  drench etl  them  with  water  for  sevenil 


hours,  the  nr*?  was  put  out.  It  took  thirteen 
hours  and  mote  to  do  this. 

"  The  main  currents  of  iur  were  restored  as 
uaufd,  and  we  th»*Ti  continual  our  search  for 
those  who  hod  sulTervd  by  the  explosion. 
W^e  found  Robert  Campbell  and  anotlier  man 
cruishetl  and  buried  umler  a  fjdl  of  stone,  and 
WilliitmCoxon,aTvd  Thomas  Wood,Jind  Joseph 
Johnson,  all  dead,  but  not  burnt.  It  seemed 
as  if  they  had  got  to  this  place,  and  then  l>eeu 
sutfncated  and  poisoned  by  the  after-dtuup. 
Johnson  had  the  top  of  a  lineu  cap  fotved  into 
his  mouth,  to  kee^j  out  the  poiHon^btit  that 
wiis  no  use.  A  little  further  on,  we  fouml 
two  more  men,  fliid  near  them  three  little  Iwya 
' — trappers  they  were — all  burnt  horii*!.  Some 
distance  l)eyond,  Thomas  Bainlirirlge,  Jainea 
Liddel,  ;mff  William  Bower,  together  with 
two,  if  not  three,  more  boys,  who  hatl  been 
blown  a  long  way,  and  als<j  itobert  Pearson 
and  Richard  Cooper,  both  v^ry  httle  Iniys — 
tmpi>er5.  Up  by  the  north  heading  we  found 
the  oody  of  John  Reed,  the  deputy  who  had 
ciiarge  of  the  pit,  and  also  live  others,  some 
burnt,  some  mangled. 

"  The  cause  of  this  explosion,  which  coat 
all  tlicse  lives,  was  tmne^l,  on  exjuninalion  of 
all  signs  and  appearances,  to  the  trapper  Ixyys, 
Robert  Pearson  and  Richai'd  Cooper.  (,*mitper''s 
Vwxly  was  found  away  from  his  own  trap,  tmd 
lying  close  beside  tHat  of  Pearsf*n,  wliere  we 
saw  reasons  for  knowing  he  could  not  have 
been  hlow^n  by  the  explosion  ;  ntid  all  op  us 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  he  hiul  left  his 
own  trap-door  open,  and  gone  to  play  with 
Pearson.  'Hie  propt-r  course  of  the  ventihi- 
tiou  was  thus  ilestroyed,  aJid  wheu  Georg9 
C'ampbell,  whose  bridy  wiw  found  nrai",  went 
there  with  hii*  candle,  to  till  eoals,  the  goB  that 
had  accumulated  while  the  boys  were  at  play 
instantly  explodc<l. 

**  You  rue  surjjriscd  that  children  should 
have  charge  of  t'lese  air-doorsi,  on  wliich  the 
safety  of  the  whole  mine  chiefly  depends  ;  but 
i  t  has  always  been  so.  They  are  often  trap- 
liei-s  at  six  years  of  age.  I  wosmyself.  Seven 
mid  eight  are  the  most  common  ages  j  souje- 
tiuies  nine.  In  courae  tlie  Queen's  Mijiistera 
don't  know  anything  alvout  these  oudergrouod 
matters.  Some  gentlemen  were  sent  t\»  ]«xjk 
after  ufl»  about  eight  years  tvgo.  They  said 
the  t^Jueon  sent  Vin  ;  and  they  came  down 
among  us  in  the  pits,  and  alx'Ut  on  the  bank  ; 
but  I  suppose  they  kept  what  t)iey  fount  I  to 
tliemselves.*  Fur  hei-e  we  are  with  our  little 
tra]i]ier  boys,  and  our  explosions,  ami  our 
burnt  and  mangled  men,  just  as  we  have 
always  been.  It's  a  hard  life,  any  way; 
but  to  be  killed  ship  otl^  is  worst  of  all 

"  Now,  as  to  the  dre:idful  explosion  and 
loas  of  life  that  happened  at  Sloughton,  I 
thought  I  could  tell  you  all  alMiut  it,  in  some 
sort  o'  Older  ;  but  dii-ectly  I  begin  to  thit.k 
about  it,  so  many  things  come  at  once  that 


•  Fur  from  it.    6m  Reiwrt  Atul  Eridence  ol  tU»  Clilldtvo** 
Eniploj,-iDcnt  Cnnuniuiem ;   Mid,  in  ospecial,  \husv  ot  Dr. 


^ 


4'bajrl«*  UlciciHk] 


A  COAL  MINER'S  EVIDENCE. 


S49 


it  'a  not  easv  to  think  at  all,  or  know  wbftt  to 
8117  ftret.  ^e  overman  ha/1  been  out  latw 
OQ  Sunday  night.  He  went  to  the  pit  nt 
two  in  the  monung  to  see  that  all  was  safe. 
At  three  we  all  caiue  to  worfc,  and  a  hundred 
luid  iifly  of  ua,  men  and  boyn,  went  down. 
One  of  the  workiugH  w;i3  new  opened,  after 
being  closed  thirteen  years.  A  dangerous  place 
©■  course.  One  o'  the  undereoerB  was  sent 
Lq  to  remove  the  fii-at  pillar.  I  went  to  work 
with  othei^s  at  a  gtxxl  distance.  We  were  at 
it  about  two  hours,  and  then  all  of  a  sudden 
a  iniah  of  wind  and  coal  dust  cut  by  us§^  taking 
out  all  the  cantlles,  and  there  was  a  rumbling 
noise.  We  knew  ver>'  well  what  it  meant, 
and  we  all  rau  towards  the  shaft.  Ab  we 
nxu  we  came  upon  others  in  the  dark,  and 
others  came  rushing  out  ujwn  ua  from  the 
side  workings,  and  all  of  ua  together  ran 
in  a  crowd  and  crush  along  the  dark  ways, 
in  the  direction  of  the  ahiiii,  and  preaentlj- 
we  found  those  who  were  foremost  had 
&Uen,  and  we  got  a  sudden  giddiness  and 
e{\spiug.  Bo  we  knew  we  had  met  the  choke- 
damp,  It  'a  a  deathly,  sleepy  sickness  you 
feel,  and  waking  at  the  knees,  only  you're 
sure  it  s  not  the  breath  of  sleen  yuu  *re  a- 
feeling,  but  you  Ve  breathing  deatn.  I  called 
to  thoge  a-head  to  stop,  and  sii  di'i  others  near 
me,  but  many  of  them  wouhl  go  on,  and  down 
they  went,  one  aller  the  other.  We  felt  the 
ba<l  air  couldn't  be  passed  through,  and  we 
hurried  backward  in  a  worse  disorder,  if 
that 's  possible,  than  wo  had  come  on  ;  and 
at  last  ^ve  all  stopt  in  a  serambhng  crowd 
in  a  place  where  we  found  the  air  could 
be  breathed.  Here  we  remained.  Wliat  a 
time  it  wfia,  good  Lord  of  Heaven  !  At  tirst 
the  elder  ones  of  uij  tried  to  keep  some  order, 
and  nuif't  the  rest  by  telling  them,  as  we 
know  d  those  on  the  bank,  and  plenty  of  others 
woidd  be  sure  to  know  what  had  happened, 
and  they'd  soon  come  to  help  us.  Tliey 
would  attend  to  this  for  a  little,  but  aoon 
they  began  to  get  wild  and  desperate,  and  so 

tthey  went  on  crying  out,  and  shouting  like 
niad,  ending  with  a  scream,  untO  they  wei-e 
tired  out.  All  thi.^i  time  many  were  down  on 
tlieir  knees  praj-ing,  and  some  Ijlug  about 
with  their  faces  hid  on  the  ground,  and  all  of 
us  expecting  every  minute  another  ex|)lo- 
aaon,  or  else  the  atlvmiee  of  the  after-damp 
would  bring  us  certain  destruction.  And 
here  we  remained,  hemme<l  round  by  the 
w*lls  and  by  the  after-damp,  which  we 
could  no  luore  get  thn^ugh  tlian  through  the 
walls  theirselve^  —  hour  after  hour,  ever)- 
minute  i^f  which  wai*  a  long  tormetit  of  all 
sorts  of  thinffs  iu  otirselves,  and  in  all  tliose 
al»out  u.*.  1  gave  luysell  up  for  lost  alter 
the  tirst  hour— then  'l  took  hope  a  little  ; 
but  atler  more  time  had  gone,  I  gave  up 
hoping,  and  woa  aa  l>ad  m  the  rest.  Still 
as  more  time  went  on,  I  began  to  pick  up 
ft  bit.  I  know  ed  our  friends  would  nelp  us 
if  they  could.  Ay,  but  coM  they  ? — that 
y>i\s  the  chance.  And  then  again  I  fell  into 
— 


» 


despair,  and  crouched  down,  and  covered  my 
face  and  head  with  ray  handj^  and  sat  there  a 
trying  to  pray,  aud  make  my  last  peace  with 
God,  amidst  nil  manner  of  cries  and  loud 
praying,  and  miseries  of  despair  and  madness 
of  thtKse  liuddling  in  the  darkness  all  round 
me,  S«»metime9  they  got  a  little  silent  and 
solemn-like,  and  listened  to  the  voice  of  one 
man  who  li.id  never  ceastsii  to  pray  aloud  all 
alon^f ;  but  presently  somelxnly  called  out  hi» 
wife  H  name — two  or  three  cried  out  on  their 
chihlren,  their  mothers,  the  girla  they  wei'e  to 
be  married  to^ — aud  in  a  moment  all  again 
was  wild  cries  and  rushing  about  in  the 
dark. 

**  You  know  how  we  were  saved,  A  great 
port  of  the  moting  ha*l  faUen  with  the  explo- 
sion, and  this  hud  shut  off  the  lire  from  usi, 
and  the  advance  of  the  after-damp.  Our 
friends  made  their  way  tl'U'ough  the  ruin — 
got  fresh  air  in  to  us,  and  helped  us  out. 
fciome  die<l  from  exhaustion  when  they  reached 
the  b:mk  ;  but  most  of  us  recovered,  to  thank 
God  again  and  again  in  the  arms  of  our 
wives  and  relatione,  who  were  all  standmg  in 
crowds  to  receive  us.  They  had  come  from 
all  parts  round  about.  The  bank  wiis  like  a 
fair,  only  a  different  sort  of  merriuess,  and 
many  had  no  cause.  The  grief  of  some  was 
a  sad  sight  for  any  man.  Five-and-twenty 
lia<l  been  killed  ;  aome  crushed,  some  burnt  to 
a  black  cinder,  so  that  they  couldn't  be  told  ; 
some  torn  all  in  pieces,  their  limbs  being 
found  in  ditferent  places,  and  the  head  ot 
Anderson  flung  into  a  horse-tub — and  tbs 
rest  damped  to  death. 

**  We  think  the  explosion  was  caused  b}'  the 
gas  from  the  old  w^Drking,  now  opened  after 
being  closed  thirteen  years.  Some  noise  made 
the  undergoer  go  to  this  place,  and  insteaii  ot 
taking  hia  Davy  lamp,  he  ran  there  with  a 
lighted  candle  iu  his  hand.  He,  and  the  man 
who  was  at  work  tlieiie,  we  found  near  each 
other  all  lilack  and  mutilated.  He  was  a 
mere  body  of  cinder,  and  w^as  only  known 
by  a  little  book  in  hia  pocket,  as  esscai>ed. 
Tlie  Queen's  gentlemen,  when  t\t*i^y  came 
down  here  among  ua,  said  they  could  mend 
these  things  ;  but  they  hav'nt,  you  see.  We 
think  the  Queen  was'nt  told." 

An  effectvial  remedy  for  these  horrible 
accidents  ia  indeed  most  difldcnlt  to  devise. 
For  even  if  the  Government  instituted  a 
system  of  police  insj^ection,  it  woidd  require 
one  officer,  at  least,  to  be  couKtantly  pcr^m- 
Imlating  the  dxirk  roaiis  and  by-ways  of  every 
mine  ;  and  still,  tm  the  miner,  whose  evidence 
we  liave  just  read,  very  truly  says,  an  explo- 
sion might  be  caused  by  a  moment's  carefeisw- 
ne'^s  at  one  end  of  a  mine,  while  the  "  autho- 
rity "  was  at  the  other. 

'iVi  us  there  appears  no  other  chance  ot  « 
remedy  so  go<i3d  a-s  this : — First,  must  atringent 
laws  as  to  tlie  proper  ventilation  of  mines  : 
SecomUy,  a  By*teui  ot  Ck>vfevivm«vx\\siSPgftR\N.v«v^ 


■Ml  ii^gjhi^  tl  tiBM  HOC  known  to  tiie 

or  aloii*;  sod,  Tbinlijr, »  ragulBr  jgriMm  «i 

ngifltiMliaD  «r  all  »q»iiimt»  thai  occur  iu 

TLm  ^iUm  «f  r^glftfutiofi luM  been  pot  m 
"vy^mtioo  wUii  re^iiat  to  the  Fadoiiev^  will) 
jood  «IImI*    No  etuld  am  rveetve  an 

r  \.  vh'utli   dltalXm  it  irom   work   for  a 

J  cfiori  of  ike  saznc,  umier 

tiius  on  the  iiiiiJ-<owDer, 

.■  i.L  Ui  tim  Icrtpactor  4>f  the  DutxicL 

i  j.<  jn  <:i  Itv  caiw^l  by  thk  ha*  brooslit  the 

iu««Uati  '  >  illy  int4>  notice  tbat  the 

force  of  J  I'oft   hna   operated   inod 

iri  regiidug  the  juunber  of  aoci- 


If  tlieii,  A  fyttUfli  of  iflqwctioiis  and  regis- 
traiion  htm  ke«iL  iDund  tMoeoHur  wiiii  regard 


to  worlur  above  gnmtid,  wbec«  the  di&cul^ 
of  ODDMatiuAtit  luiiiit  \>e  so  great,  hov  much 
iiiof«  aoflMtry  it  it  in  wotka  ooodocted  kim- 
drvda  of  ftxi  tw  fattumtii  under  frouiul,  where 
aliiio«t  luiy  reckleMucflia  or  grow  abuae  may  be 


uae  of 
'\y  on- 


to tbe  I  lo  lias 

thrm^  s  Btiii 

pc*oreruiaBlitxnae«£,i»C'U<ie  it«i  meiuljcr^  to  this 
Ba&kmpta'  Parliament. 

Nioeteeo-twentiet*  '■  "  ^' 
Beiention  owe  th* 
indirectlj  to  tbeiaat.,  .^ ,  »u<. 
&ee  and  proaperona  nan  has 
loofalt  or  scrap  of  pity^or  ftci  .  ..  .  .  ; 
but  there  ia  a  pivportiou  of  priaoners — happily 
a  gmali  ud« — witLin  tlioae  huge  brick  bouo- 
daiiea,  who  hare  committed  no  cnme,  broken 
no  law,  infringed  no  conuoaudnient.  Tliey 
are  the  victixna  of  a  i}stem  which  baa  been 
bequeathixl  to  ui  from  the  dark  davA  of 
the  «  Star  Cluimbwa,'*  and  "  CourU  of  *H%h 
Comtniaaion  ** — we   mean    the    Martyra    uf 


Chanoery. 

These  unhappy  persons  were  formerly  con- 
fined in  the  FWt  Friiu3rt  Imt  on  the  demo- 
lition of  that  edifice.  :^fijrrtf<l  to 
the  Queeo*a  BcdcIl  Tjii  r-  of  nny 
other  denominatian.  thty  an^ 
rant  of  the  cause  of  their  iiu  >  i 


oocuoiitted  witli  impunity,  beearoae  luiknowu, !  more  fre<pienlly  still,  are  uiuibk  w  obuu* 


ami  Hhere  noi»e  ol  itn  wrttti^'  doings  come  to 
Ughi  cxcv-pt  with  these  terrific  caEpJoaioiM  and 
wa«te  of  iiiilutttrioos  huiuiui  lires  i 

THE  MARTYB5  OF  CHANCEKY. 

|)r  tambvihManh  atandi  a  boildiBg  better 
known  than  lioooured.  The  wealthy  mer- 
chant kijowji  it  AM  the  place  where  an  un- 
CL»rlufiatu  frieiiJ,  who  made  that  ruinous 
upccul.tiion  during'  the  recent  augar^panu^  is 
MOW  ?i  <J.-riix^n  :  the  nmiiHibout-town  kiio«*8 
i  w'lli^^h   Heveml  of  hifl  frienda 

u,  lit  full  gallop,  In,'  floret  race 
'        -iitiH  :  tiie  lawyer  knows 
1  of  all,"  the  cataAtrophe 

^  of  law-i$uits  :  the  father 


their  lilx'ratioQ  by  any  act^   or  eotiot'^iMiona 
of   their  own.     There   is  u  "      '^ 

they  are  permitted  to  take 
dfxir   left    ^pes   frir   thetn    in    m-     ^  ••un    o," 
Haukruptoy.     A  Chancery  prisr.uer  i.s.  in  fart^ 
;i  I':, I   lit  .r-r.  1,.,T«.K»^^   Tn.*it  i]   tjtaji   A  eiin\i<:t 

for   Uic   litter 
'  ,  a  of  a  otrtaia 

p*:rit»«i,  ho  will,  in  any  event,  be  a  free  iiiatu 
The  Oliancery  prisK^utr  h»A  no  such  e«ruiuly ; 
ho  nmy,  una  he  frequently  doa,  waste  a 
lifetUne  iu  the  walls  of  a  g»<^^»l,  whUhflr  he 
was  sent  in  inm>eenee ;  bcisfcuik', 
he  luul  tlie  iti-tuck  to  be  one  of  '  T 

kin  of  some  testator  who  nin  ' 
no  one  couM  comprehend,  or 
int<»tAte  who  made  none.     .A 
Hjar  wherewith  to  w^am  \  interested  in  the  estate  commi 
irhrifl  son;  but  the  unde ,  suit,  which  he  must  defend  c  ' 

HJft  tlk;  pboe  whence  nephews  to  prison  for  "cont^^nipU"     A  pnaou  la  his 
ina    of    reform    and    iiiteoua  ponion,  whatever  he  d<x*  ;  f^'r.  i Mi rriTi^^wr-rs 
for  bail     Few,  mdeeil,  j  the  bill  filed  ogaitist  hiiv  • 

costs,  he  la  also  cliipiH?*!  in 
Thus,  what   tn  oiuinory  iU'c  ii  buL  au  Ufy- 

Jiresaible   exprei«sion  of  »»]»iuion  or  a  small 
liscourtesy,  is,   '*in    Eipiity,*'   a  1'  ,- 

punisliabic    with    impri&4;ninicnt—  ^ 


a4i|i(.uiU,  "  iliu*  once 

are  tliere  who  ha^  not  heard  of  the  Queen's 
Prinnt),  or.  as  it  Ik  more  briefly  and  empluir 
tically  tormed,  "The  fieoclir' 

Awful  eouud  !     Wluit  visions  of  foUy  and 
TOjfii»'ryt  ul  nlotli   and  eeediness,  of  ruin  and 
r.-.i  I..  .,  .    .    ,;,^.  conjuixvl  up  to  th^  iniagina- 
</  Word*  1     It  is  the  "  Hadfjs  " 
"'  .    -ibn    "Inferao"    of    fortune. 

WiihiQ    Its    jKJ'iii    \^  'J' — suimoimted    by   n 
cheraiix  d.-  in-  ,      i  i  >ir,illy    termed   "Lord 
Elhfflliorou^'1/a  toeth  " — dwell  at  this  moment 
members  v^l  aluiubt  every  chiss  of  society.  Debt 
^thc  grim  iueubws  riding  on  the  dhouldere 
of  his  vic*i.im,  like  the  hiileoua  old  man  iu  the 
ible — h.'is   liBre  his   cjiptives  aafely 
:aid  key,  ajui  within  fifty-feet  walla, 
h,  tl»4j   firtuVy  the   havj,  the    bar, 
le  tijrf,  the  tiiuie  of  Euglaud,  have 
iili    tlieii-    repi-esenttttives   in    thla 
Every  gnwle,  from  the  mined  man 


>\"^' 


'lit 


to  him 


Dtj»ol>edieu<.'e  of  an  onW  of  the  Court  df 

Chancery— though  that       '  .imand 

you  to  pay  more  money  '  >d,  or 

to  hand  over  property  wlii-n  i-  4i  ..  _.  ..iirs  and 
waii  never  in  your  possession — is  coutomjit  of 
court.  No  matter  how  ^eat  soever  yoiir 
natural  reveresice  for  the  time-hotiourvd  iusti- 


I 


tudaos  of  your  native  knd :  no  matter,  ihougU 
yon  ivgajii  the  Lord  High  Chaiicttllor  of  Gr«&t 
£i*itiun  as  the  moat  wond«rfal  man  upon 
earthy  aiid  hU  coui-t  tm  the  pui^est  fount  of 
Justice,  where  she  aita  weighing  out  justice 
with  u  i>air  of  Ocrtling'a  baLauoefi,  you  may 
vet  be  jironounced  to  have  been  guUty  of 
"contempt."  For  this  there  ia  no  pardon. 
Ton  Di*e  in  tbo  catalogue  of  th«  doomed^ 
and  are  doome<l  accordingly. 

A  popular  fallacy  spreiuL  a  notion  that  no 
one  n^ed  "go  into  Chancery"  imless  he 
plwiaes.  Nothing  but  an  utter  and  happv 
mnoceiice  of  the  bitter  irony  of  "Equity^' 

{irocei* dings  keeps  sucli  an  idea  current.  Men 
luvc  Ijteen  iwpriftoned  for  many  yearsi  aome 
for  a  lifetime,  on  account  of  Cliancery  pi-o- 
ceeiUn«rs  of  the  very  existence  of  which  they 
wcie  ahnuist  in  Ignorance  before  they  "some- 
how or  other  were  found  in  contempt," 

See  ynudcr  alattemly  old  man  in  thread- 
bare gnrmcnti*,  with  pinched  featuies  tclUng 
of  long  years  of  anxiety  and  piivation,  and 
Wttnt.  He  Ima  a  wealv  starved  voice  that 
sounds  ti^  though  yeare  of  privation  have 
alu-^iidc  it  33  mn  'li  as  his  hoUuw  cheeks.  He 
always  looks  cold,  and  (God  help  him)  feeLs 
so  too  ;  fur  IJebig  telld  us  that  no  qujuuity 
of  clothing  will  re]>el  cold  without  the  aid  of 
plenty  of  food — and  little  of  that  fKisaea  his 
lips.  His  e^'e  has  an  unquiet,  timid,  IiaM- 
fnghtenetl  luok,  as  if  he  could  nut  loc»k  yc»u 

His 
lorn 


straiglit  in  the  face  for  lack  of  cnergj*. 


step  b  a  hurried  Umflle,  thouuh  he  eehl 
leaves  hla  room  ;  and  when  he  doejj,  he  stares 
at  t',  '    '     '     '  !•*  as  if  they  were  beings 

of  :  from    himself.      No  one 

evci  ■  r  i.i.i  ..iiij'ija  :  they  ma  plunged  dcs- 
Ix?nitoly  into  hw  iwckeU,  whlcli  never  contain 
anytliiii^;  d.-v.  He  ia  like  a  <lrie<l  fruit,  ei- 
liausteil,  filantnken,  and  flun;^  aside  by  the 
whole  world.  He  ia  a  man  withotit  hoi>e — a 
Chancery  prisoner  !  He  has  lived  inu  t^riol  for 
twenty-eight  w  eury  years  !  His  hittoi^  lias 
many  piuidlek.     It  ia  thia  : — 

It  was  bis  misfortune   to  have  aji   uncle, 
who  diMd  Iciivlug  him  h'n  i     '  '  '  jpatee. 

The  uncle,  like  most  men   ^  iht^-ir 

own  wIUh,  fuignt  an  e?-  ■■'■  ,,;  it— he 

named   no   exeeutor.     <  friend   ad- 

ministercdj  and  all  i>arL;  .  ^.cd  received 

their  dues  — he,  la&t  of  all,  Uking  but  a 
smnll  sum.  It  was  ]\h  onlv  fortune,  and 
having  received  it  he  looke«l  al»ovit  {or  an 
invcfitmcut.  Tlicre  were  no  railw.H^>!  In 
those  daya,  or  he  mi^ht  have  si>ecntateil 
in  the  Diddlesox  Junction,  But  there  were 
Brazilian  Mining  Comparuea,  and  South 
Sea  Fishing  Companies,  and  vanot^s  otbt-r 
companies,  curaprifiensively  termed  '* Bubble/* 
Our  friend  thought  these  companieii  were  not 
ajde,  and  he  wtis  i[iiite  right  in  his  supposition. 
So  he  rleteriiii ne«l  to  intrust  his  money  to  no 
bubble  5f peculation ;  but  to  invest  it  in  Spanish 
Bonds.  After  all,  our  pctor  friend  had  oetter 
Lave  tried  the  Brazilian  Mines;  for  the  Bonds 
proved  worth  vei^  little  more  than  the  paper 


on  which  they  were  written*  His  most 
Oitholic  Majesty  did  not  i*epudiate  flike 
certain  transathmttc  States)  but  Ijutt^ncKi  up 
his  pockets  and  told  hia  a-editors  he  hatl  "no 
mouey." 

Some  five  years  after  our  fi  lend  w.is  startled 
by  being  requested  to  come  up  to  Doctors' Com- 
monft}  and  teU  the  worthy  Civilians  thci*e  id) 
about  hia  uncle*8  will— which  one  of  the  lega- 
tees, after  receiving  all  he  was  entitled  t^j 
under  it  and  probably  speiwlinof  the  money — 
suddenly  took  it  into  his  liead  to  difcpute  thd 
vididity  of  Meanwhile  the  Court  of  Chan- 
cery abo  stepped  in,  and  ordei"od  him  (pending 
the  ecclesiastical  suit)  to  |»ay  over  into  court 
"that  little  trifle"  he  had  'iveeivcfl,  What 
could  the  jjoor  man  do  T  His  Catholic  Mfijesty 
bad  ^ot  the  money — he,  the  legatee,  had  ni>t  u 
(krthmg  of  it,  nor  of  any  other  money  what- 
soever. He  was  in  contemnt !  An  othcer  t.-ippetl 
him  on  the  shoulder,  displayed  a  little  piece  of 
pai'clunent,  and  he  foun<l  that  he  was  the 
victim  of  an  unfortunate  "  attai:hment."  He 
wy«  walked  to  the  Fleet  Prison,  where,  and 
in  the  Queen's  Prison,  lie  has  remained  ever 
since — a  period  of  twenty-tiijht  years !  Yet 
no  less  a  jieiisomtgu  than  a  Lonl  Chancellor 
has  pronounced  his  opinlori  that  the  will, 
fdtei"  all,  was  a  good  and  vaUd  will ;  though 
'.he  little  family  party  of  Doctora'  Commous 
vhought  otherwiae, 

TJiere  i^  another  miseraWe-looldn^  object 
yomler — greasy,  dirty,  and  slovenly.  He,  too^ 
is  a  Chancery  prisoner.  He  hjis  been  ^o  for 
twenty  years.  Why,  he  has  not  the  alightest 
idea.  He  am  only  tell  you  tliat  he  was 
found  out  to  be  one  of  the  rehUioiis  of  some 

one  who  h.i^l  lell  "  »■  goiMl  bit  -  ^'  ^ ■    •  ^   The 

lawyers  "  put  the  will  into  '  ;  and  at 

hist  1  was  ordered  to  do  Sf  l.  .  ..  :  other. 
I  cim*t  recollect  what,  which  1  was  also  told  1 
couldn't  do  nohow  if  I  vvo\dd.  So  they  said 
I  w^ta  in  contempt,  and  they  took  and  pnt 
me  into  the  Fleet.  It  *s  a  matter  of  twenty 
years  I  have  been  in  pmou :  of  ccmrse  I  'd 
like  to  get  out,  but  I  'm  told  there 's  no  way 
of  doing  it  anyhow."  He  is  an  artJKJWj,  and 
wt»rks  tit  his  trfwle  in  the  jtrison,  by  which  he 
gains  just  enough  to  keep  him,  without  coming 
uprm  the  county  nde. 

In  tljat  room  over  the  chfti)cl  ia  the  in- 
fiiTuary.  There  was  a  death  lately.  The 
deeeiwed  was  an  old  mnji  of  sixty-eight,  and 
neaily  blind  :  he  lia*l  not  been  many  year»  in 
priB'^n,  but  tlie  confinement^  and  the  am^ely, 
and  the  sep.\ratioii  It-om  his  fkmily,  had  preyed 
ujton  las  mind  ami  body.  He  wtis  hall-storvod, 
too;  for  idler  tjcingus^^wl  to  all  the  comfort* 
of  II fe^  he  hail  to  live  bi  gaol  on  sixpence 
a  day.  Yet  there  was  one  t>  '-—!  pounds 
in  the  hands  of  the  Aceou  j    ral   of 

the  Court  of  Chmicerj'^  whi.!-  ^  j  ^ly  due 
to  him.  He  was  in  contempt  for  not  payina; 
some  three  hundred  pomuls.  But  Death 
pui'ged  his  contempt,  and  a  decree  was 
aflerwanls  maile  for  pacing  over  the  one 
thousand  pounds  to  hia  ^^^cwiTsai.  ^«^<««2D&ar 


iiSCfr»r     m 

d 


S09 


HOtrSEHOLD  WORDS. 


,taiyl«el»l%p 


I 


tivdi ;  yet  him&elf  had  iJied,  for  want  of  a 
twnntifeth  pmrt  of  it^  of  nlow  starvation  ! 

It  must  not,  however,  Y>e  eupfKMed  that 
CJiJinoeiy  nevci-  releJiscs  its  victims.  We 
Ttii-^  V  "  •  •  -^  liwH  of "  Equity."  There 
)  A^  in  London  whom  they 

1^..:  J.    .-  L.     Li   of  ^-Hhou!    They  had, 

luiwcvcr,  prt»io«i|:txi  1  s  nl'-s  during  se* 
vitiiteeu  years.  He  w.-,  iMtntttod  for  con- 
tempt in  not  paying  eertjiin  coetit^  as  he  had 
Ix^en  onlerefl.  He  appealed  from  the  order  ; 
bat  until  his  appeal  wm  heard,  he  had  to 
rcimiin  in  durance  vUe.  Tlie  Court  of  Chan- 
cery, like  all  dignifie<i  bodies,  is  never  in  a 
buny ;  and  therefore^  from  haviD|^  no  great 
inHut^ncv,  and  a  rci^^  small  stock  oi  money  to 
fi»rwanl  lii.i  interest,  th*-  t>oor  num  could  only 
get  hiiA  cause  finally  heard  and  decided  on  in 
liecenil>cr,  1S49 — seventeen  yeon  from  the 
date  of  hief  impriBonment.  And,  after  all, 
the  Court  decided  that  the  onginal  order  waa 
wrong  J  ao  that  he  had  been  committed  for 
seventeen  years  61/  mutake  I 

Howr  familiar  to  him  must  have  been  the 
face  of  that  poor,  tottering  man,  creeping 
along  to  rest  on  the  l>ench  under  th*?   wall 

{cornier.  He  in  very  old,  but  not  so  old  as  he 
ookj.  He  is  a  poor  prii»oner  and  another 
victim  to  Clianeury.  He  has  long  ago  for- 
gotten, if  he  ever  knew,  the  prirticuJajn  of  his 
own  case,  or  the  order  which  sent  him  to  a 
jaiL  Uo  can  tell  you  more  of  the  history  of 
this  gloomy  place  and  its  defimct  brother,  the 
Fleet,  than  any  other  man.  He  will  I'ehvte 
you  storied  of  the  **  palmy  days  "  of  the  Fleet, 
w^hen  great,  and  renowntKl  men  were  fre- 
quently ita  denizens  ;  when  scildiera  and 
Sfillurs,  authors  and  actors,  whose  names  even 
then  liUetl  England  with  their  renown,  were 
pribi»neti4  within  it^^  walls  ;  when  whktling 
tth«-'i»a  tluurished  and  turnkeys  were  smugglers; 
when  lodgings  in  the  pru-von  were  dearer  than 
rii^jiiis  at  the  w^est-ena  of  the  town  ;  and  when 
a  voting  man  was  not  considered  to  have 
linished  his  etlucation  until  he  had  apent  a 
month  or  two  in  the  Bench  or  the  Fleet.  He 
knows  nothing  of  the  world  outside — it  ia  dead 
to  hini.  Eelationa  and  friendii  have  long  ceased 
t«»  think  of  him,  or  |>t>rhap>'=i  even  to  know  of  his 
exiatenee.  His  ifioughtd  nuige  not  beyond  the 
ht^h  widls  which  surround  him,  and  probably 
if  lie  ha«l  but  a  little  better  supply  of  food 
and  clothing,  he  might  almost  be  considere<l  a 
happy  nmii.  But  it  ia  the  happiness  of  apathy, 
not  of  the  intelligence  and  the  affections — the 
paiidess  condition  of  a  ti*ance,  ratber  than  the 
joyoiu  feeling  which  has  hope  for  ita  bright- 
eyed  miniater.  What  haa  Atf  to  do  with  hope  I 
He  has  been  thirty-eight  years  a  Chancer^' 
pnaoner.  He  i«  another  out  of  twenty-four, 
still  prisoners  here,  more  than  half  of  whom 
have  l>ecn  prisoners  for  al>ove  ten  yeare,  and 
not  OMe  of  whom  haa  any  hope  of  release  !  A 
few  have  done  something  fraudulent  in  "con- 
tempt "  of  fdl  law  and  equity  ;  hut  is  not  even 
(/«*£>  jmiuislmient  greater  than  their  crime  f 
Let  us  turn  away.    Sorely  we  have  ee«n 


enough,  thofigb  many  other  wi/J 
l>e  told,  rivamng  the  horrors  of 
and  French  Lettres-de-cachet 


THE  OUTCAST  LADY. 

Tnc  Lady  sato  at  the  uiistlc  gnte. 

Her  ibce  wis  wiin  and  ^ild. 
And  "  Oh,**  she  Bud,  '♦  tlmt  I  were  dead, 

But  for  yc,  my  boimio  wee  cliild." 

Tlie  night  grow  late,  still  there  she  astc. 

Biding  the  winter  storm : 
The  moruing  came,  and  stiU  the  asme, 

Sftte  there  the  muffled  form. 

With  stately  show^  but  sad  and  slow, 

Thoy  threw  the  portala  wide* 
And  a  little  bier  vns  drawing  near* 

Bomo  with  a  mournful  phde. 

•*  \Vhj  sit  ye  there  T "  crie<l  thof  who  bftre» 

•*  This  is  nao  place  for  you, 
Qao  stmk  a  ncmic  to  hide  your  &liame. 

And  make  nae  mair  ado." 

She  spake  nae  word,  she  nevior  stirred. 

They  plucked  hw  donk  away— 
From  her  faott  so  inn»  was  the  wildness  gune» 

And  there  DmUi  toftly  lay. 

A  CAPE  COAST  CARGO. 


**  Now  thew^'*  sail!  Jack  Ayi'ea,  "  we  *ll  go 
and  look  for  a  ship."  Accordiusly,  turning 
out  of  our  boarding-house  in  Maddison  Street 
New  York,  we  bent  our  steps  to  weirds  the 
Shipping  Master's  Office,  on  the  quay. 

We  were  walking  along  the  quay,  under  the 
jib  liooma  of  the  large  ahijia,  that  thnist  their 
ends  almost  into  the  warehouse  windows, 
when  Jack  suddenly  stopjM?d,  a.s  if  he  had 
forgotten  something,  mid  exclaimed,  "Have 
you  got  your  protiM'lion  ?*' 

"  No,"'  I  answered,  "  nor  do  I  exactly  kitow 
how  to  get  one.  I  have  only  been  an  Ameriean 
a  month." 

"  Oh,  that  'k  nothing,'*  cried  Jack^  "  come 
along  witb  me  ] "  and  he  hurrieil  me  off  to 
the  Custom  House.  Jack  stated  at  the  proper 
department  what  I  wanted,  and  in  five 
minute  I  had  a  documer^  i  I  was  l>orn 

at    New    Bedford,  Mas  giving   a 

concise  and  flattering  desA  1  m  n  i  -i ^ . .  1  i  •  -  r-  •», 
and  entitling  me  to  the  rights  an»l  ^ 

of  a  free  bom  American — all  for  on- 

"And  very  eheap,  too,  for  such  a  tre — 
mendous  *  buster '  ! "'  sftid  Jack. 

'*  It  'a  very  dbocking,'*  I  remarked  i  though. 
I  am  afraid  that  I  seLze<l  and  pocketed  the 
document  without  any  repugnance  whatever. 

"Them  sort  don*t  count  nothing,  you  know,** 
said  Jackj  **  afore  a  stranger— but  hero  we 
are!" 

llie  Shipping  Office  was  a  small  room,  con- 
taining a  large  comiter,  that  extended  quite 
across  it.  Behind  this  etooii  the  Shipping 
Master,  a  keen-looking  man,  with  more  of  « 
Jewish  than  American  caat  of  countenauco. 
Before  it  were  a  group  of  siulora  dresai-d  in 


CkwlM  Dlekn*. 


A  CAPE  COAST  CARGO. 


h 


ev»ry  i*tyle,  from  the  loue-tailed  awuiger  and 
Wfttch  and  chaiu  of  the  better  sort,  iK.mii  to 
the  red  or  blue  flannel  shirt  and  sbeath-knlfe 
of  the  regular  Yankee  Tar.  A  lUt  of  ships 
wanting  h:u]ds  hung  on  the  wall.  A  ahevt  of 
papcr^  with  a  printed  heading,  wm  utretclied 
on  the  counter  n&  we  entered,  on  which  the 
Shipping  Master  wan  writing,  vociferating  at 
the  aanie  tiroe,  '*  Now  then,  who's  the  next  ? 
Here  you  are--John  Brown — touch  the  pen — 
down  with  your  mark.  All  rujht,  John 
Brown  ;  pass  on.  Next  ?  Silas  tfoiies,  eh  ? 
Well,  Sdas,  that*8  the  place  fo»  your  Hst,  I 
ffueas.  Good  again.  You  're  the*  last,  Sila:5, 
No  more  for  the  Rainbow,"  he  cried,  closing 
the  articles,  and  turning  to  another  sheet. 
**  Now  for  the  '  Lucy  Anne.*  " 

**  Where  do  f;ou  want  lo  go  to,  my  men  ]'* 
ttdded  he,  tuniiug  to  Jiick  :md  L 

*'  0!u  Ave  're  not  very  nice,"  replied  Jack, 
'•  anytliing  in  the  snmll  way.  None  of  your 
tea-waggons  for  my  money." 

**  Well,  then,  xuy  lads,  here 's  jiist  the  thing 
tor  yon,"  rejoined  the  Shipping  iliiater  ; 
**  smart  bri^ — good  skipper— only  want*  two 
hand*.  Safls  to-morrow  fur  the  fcvoutli  coast 
of  Africa,     A  tarnation  nice  trip." 

"  AVhat  do  yon  say — will  this  do  ? "  said 
Jack. 

"  Jnst  as  you  like,'*  replied  L 

"  Tlien  here  goes !  "  cried  Jack,  and  in 
another  minute  his  mark  and  my  signature 
wera  attached  to  an  agi'eement  between  ua 
and  a  eertrtm  John  CHirson  pledging  us  to  do 
his  behests  durinir  a  voyage  to  Ambriz  and 
back,  for  the  considemtiun  of  sixteen  dollars, 
•?Jich  of  tis,  per  month.  Our  month's  advance 
pay  was  hnnde^l  to  us,  and  the  neJLt  day  saw 
us  domiciled  in  the  dimly-lighted,  half-oval- 
shnpcd  den— the  furniture  of  which  consisted  of 
eight  buuks — which  was  called  the  "  Fok'etle," 
and  wns  to  be  our  liome  for  some  time.  The 
crew  consi3te<]  of  four  besdea  Jack  and  my- 
self; a  Maltese,  a  Portugese,  and  two 
Aniericims,  It  was  diificuit  to  say  what 
co^mtryman  the  "^  old  man  "  waa,  or  what  sort 
of  a  person  lie  was,  for  captains  do  not  gene- 
rally '*  show  out "  at  lirst,  particularly  if  they 
haye  any  teeth  to  show.  Aa  far  as  living 
went  (and  that  very  naturally  makra  a  sensible 
iaipresaion  on  one's  feelings),  there  could  be 
no  fault  found  with  the  ''  Lucy  Anne."  The 
ci-ew  stinted  in  nothing  ;  so  that  when,  the 
next  day,  we  ran  out  with  a  fair  wind  past 
Snndy  Hook  and  its  ligbthoust^,  it  wjw  with 
every  apparent  chance  of  a  pleasant  voyage* 

Our  passage  across  the  Atlantic  was  accom- 
plished without  anything  out  of  the  usual 
rt>i»tiue  of  sea-life  to  disturb  us.  We  hail  the 
average  amount  of  fresli  breezes,  squally  and 
vaiiftbies,  before  we  took  the  SK  trades,  Uf 
gether  with  a  proportionate  number  of  d'lsr- 
Uirbml  "Wntches  below,"  and  reefing  matches 
in  conseqiiont^e  ;  thougli,  on  the  whole,  we  had 
nothing  tu  conijjlain  of  in  that  respect. 

Everything  went  on  snuootbly,  and  the  cap- 
tain and  his  mate,  who  was  a  foreigner,  seemed 


on  patlicnlrirly  good  terms.  We  h.vi  now 
arrived  within  a  hundred  miles  of  the  coast, 
and  had  exchangeil  the  regular  fresh  trade 
winds  for  sultry  calms,  and  the  firat  faint  in- 
dication of  land  and  sea  breezes;  the  latter 
hel|*ed  us  on,  and  the  next  morning  vce  could 
just  discern  the  remarkable  high  land,  shupeil 
like  a  saddle,  that  rises  behind  Andjriz.  As 
we  neared  the  coast,  but  before  we  could 
make  it  out  at  all  distinctly,  we  could  di&^i^era 
a  cttlumn  of  white  smoke  in  the  far  (iistance^ 
to  the  northward*  rising  o^  er  the  dim  haze 
that  outlined  indistinctly  against  the  sky, 
where  the  land  was  ;  this  was  soon  followed 
by  a  similar  one  nearer  to  us,  and  then 
another^ 

"  And  soon  a  score  of  flrss  I  Vfo&i 
From  height,  and  hill,  and  chff  were  seen  ; " 

rising  from  the  dim  mist  over  the  laud  at 
regukr  intervals,  and  extending  along  the 
line  of  coast  to  the  s^^nthward  as  far  as  we 
could  see  ;  and  visible  to  any  vessel  miles  far- 
ther at  sea  than  we  were. 

Jack  and  I  had  few  opportunities  of  con- 
versing on  the  passage,  being  in  different 
watches.  The  hnn^ls  wer«  now  on  deckhand 
as  the  brig,  nmuing  in  before  the  wind,  rapidly 
neared  her  destination,  we  were  standim;  en 
the  forecastle  watcliing  the  |»rogress  of  the 

filX'S. 

"  What  in  the  world  do  they  mean  1 "  I 
a^ke<l. 

"  Oh  !  I  suppose  there 's  some  cruizer  in 
sight  to  the  nor'rard,  and  they  're  a  signalling 
any  slaver  from  shore  not  to  come  too  near." 

'*  That  *s  a  capital  dodge — why  they  can  see 
them  before  they  make  the  land — " 

"  'Course  they  can,"  replied  Jack,  "  and  the 
Brazilians  as  is  regularly  fitted,  la\-5  off  and 
on  till  there  'a  a  slant  o*  wind  and  the  coast's 
clear,  then  pops  in  and  ships  her  |K>or  devils 
of  ihirkies,  and  is  off  agam  with  the  land 
breeze,  before  you  can  say  *  Knife  !  '  " 

**  You 're  right,  Jack,"  I  exclaimed.  *'See 
there — to  the  north  ;  isn't  that  smoke  I  that 
dark,  black  streak,  I  mean." 

"O  bourse  it  is— that 's  a  British  steamera 
smoke — ^a  regular  blockador  I  |KHjnd  it.  She 's 
ruiming  down  the  coast,  and  they  're  a  light- 
ing her  along." 

"  Cua  em,"  muttered  the  *'  old  man  "  who 
was  standing  near  us,  "  we  shall  have  that 
fellow  bounling  ua  every  day,  I  supi>ofte." 

in  the  mean  time  the  brig  ha*!  ucared  the 
anchorage,  and  we  could  see  plainly  the  line 
of  treca,  lihind  which  a  clust^^r  of  bam-like 
factories,  with  thtir  respective  flag-stafik, 
peeped  out  up<m  the  top  of  a  blulT,  red- 
coloured  cliff.  To  the  left,  the  coast  was  low 
with  a  hea^T  line  of  surf  breaking,  and  on  the 
bar,  stretching  from  the  Muff  in  the  same 
direction,  the  long  hea\"y  swell  sometimes 
capped  and  bi*oke  with  a  growling  roar  ;  inside 
of  this,  and  sheltered  by  it,  was  the  landing- 
place. 

Before  the  Wig'*  w(\c^<st  -wc^  ^«i^  «.Ww\^^ 


iS4 


HOrSEHOLD  WOBD& 


iBMiHif-waribciAtcuiie&laogiidc^  Hiepapetv 
•««  looked  At  mmI  firoved  to  be  rogvlar.  Ai 
Um  ofBen-  of  tius  bo»(  wmi  going,  tins  old  SBaii 


I 


"  Any  ot  Uncle  8iua*8  boaatiet  *buul  htn, 
CaptVii  1 " 

*•  llic  ^  Perry  *  wm  bare  a  iroek  «go— Sli« '» 
gone'  oil  the  uordi  ooMt^*' 

**  She  in — U  vite^— **  Hiiid  Uie  old  muL,  tmabte 
to  eooMal  n  Minile  of  lUitifiCactioQ.    Tlie  officer 

IllMM'Wd  it. 

'^  Ah  r*  Bwd  he,  *•  I  should  like  to  be  able 
to  k»ok  down  tJio^e  Imtcliwa^ii  of  yours — 
tliere  V  n.  very  good  ^ticral  cargo,  I  expect." 

"  Ilii,  bfi,  C'apt'n/'  chuckled  the  ijkipi«cr, 
"  it  won't  (1(1  that,  at  any  jirice^l  gtiefls  vou'd 
better  iiika  a  goud  loii^  Look  up  at  thai, '  tuid 
h  *    1  to   Uie  Btan*  utid  trtripeti  M  the 

I  .  "before  you  think  about  lifting 

m 

the  pity,"  njjoine^l  the  officer,  de- 

iito  the  boat,  and  shoving  off;  "it 

RCTi'ctis   luiuay  a   alaviiig  wcoimdrel,  ajjd   iU 

TKittern  U  cut  dwp  enough  in  louuv  a  aiave'e 

back/' 

"  Ant]  will  be,  too,  I  gueaa,"  muttered  the 
"  old  wian/*  tarntng  away,  **Bpit«  uf  all  John 
Btdl  c;m  do/' 

*"  Diin\ed  If  T  don't  think  this  old  man  *s 
•tip  to  iioiuethmg/*  aaid  Jack  to  me^  in  a  low 
ioue. 

••What  do  you  mean  I" 

"  Wliy,  whiit  made  him  so  particler  as  to 
wlH.*n>  ft  Yiuikee  rann-of-war  waa  I  However, 
korp  dork  ;  wo  BhnJl  soon  aee  how  the  wind 
Mtn.** 

The  next  day  the  «kipper  went  on  shore  to 
one  of  the  factoriea,  and  we  saw  little  or 
nnthfug  of  h'un  ;  8<»  we  cvjnimenced  dinchaiy- 

n-  -  riro.     It  conmHte<l   of  th<0«e  articlea 

;  -d  in   Inidirjj^,  either  for  the  k'}?a! 

t:.  .,.  L  ,..,  jitfi  of  ptlrl-dujhit,  ijriini,  ivoiy,  or  the 
tuort'  v«dvi:0»h?  bUck,  liv».»  connnodity  :  we  luid 
powder,  find  jj^un-rlintsi,  and  l>ales  of  trfuk- 
cloth  !utd  iriiikvt^,  kuives  and  beaxls  eaough 
for  a  miniftture  tli'CM.t  Exliibition.  We  hiwl 
no  time  to  look  til>out  ub  much  while  at  work, 
but  we  saw  CK-'^jftsioiially  the  white  cjinvaM  of 
the  man-o'-wnr  Bteanaer,  dodging  on  and  off 
the  |>ort,  under  wiil.  Her  lK»at  did  not 
t:  '  '  ■  '^  y  \,y  boarding  ua,  tliongh  we 
I  *  of  her  every  now  luid  then 

t>   ..    ,..,i       .  -uj  ti*  the  south  wanl. 


niaxL     Ca  tha  bi%'a  hold  dean 


had  a  hiiig  look  CMi  both  oeawatxl  and  inland. 
Tlie  "  old  tuao  ^  was  iMWied  with  tlm^  or  four 
othar  SMMi,  droaed  in  the  laxy,  1> 
geftMraUy  Adopted  oo  the  ooast,  dn 
uauai  kwxenigai  botUed  baer,  aiwi  maoKuig 
and  Qonvetaiciff  Qanwfltlj.  Tbey  ceased  talk- 
ing as  I  ooiond. 

^  Well,  m; 
swept  yet  T  '*^  laid  ha, 

^iia,  Sii  ;  the  cargo  b  only  about  half  ouL" 

**  Half  out  is  it,  eh  1  **  aoid  he,  oj»eiiing  the 
note.  "  Go  and  cnujce  »V»out  the  phwe,  and 
Come  hack  here  by-anil-bye  for  an  answer."* 
Of  courae  )  cleareil  out ;  and  an  I  IcH  the 
pbce,  I  heard  hmi  add  to  the  othMtv,  ^  We 
mbjdi  be  ready  by  nuiisei.*' 

"What  does  he  mean?'*  thought  I  to 
niyael^  aa  I  strolled  alotig  without  any  ide.a 
where  I  waa  goin^,  **  flie  brig  won't  be 
unloaded  by  that  time ;  )*erfaans  he  *6  going  to 
take  a  cargo  of  shiver  on  the  top  of  all; 
tliere  *s  something  in  the  wind.  I  il  be  sliol 
if  I  have  anythuig  to  do  with  it,  though.** 

I  had  by  this  time  stntiletl  some  diiftanoe 
from  the  ketones,  and  found  mytself  on  an 
opai  space  near  a  long  wooden  one-story 
building,  surrii  '  :  ^s  a  high  wood  fence 
that  enclosed  .  Lile  space  of  ground 

.•u-ound  it.    fcJucivi^iii_.,  ihere  arose  from  this 
place  the  most  pienang  )^bUb  and  howls  wn- 
ceivable  ;  then  stifled  wriaks  and  moans,  and 
a  low  hum,  as  if  there  were  many  people 
there.    Horrified  by  tJioso  crieS|  I  tum^  into 
the    enclosure.     What  a  scene  waa    tliere  i 
Hundreds  of  wreichod  ala%*ca,  worn, emaciated ; 
crouched  in  every  attitude  that  misvr),  in 
ita  deepest  anguish,  c^^ndd  aaggast    In  one 
conuT  of  the  yai-d   there    were  t^ 
black  men,  too — heatiiij^  brands  ai 
had  made  there,  tmd  hunrvu^  '^ 
on  the  lej^s  and  annu  of  the  n 
other-*   held   th*""'   <u    tini.     , 
liejirt-rendirig 
tii^l  iiupiilstt  \v,i 

uuhftppy   one  then  ^   thu  iiutribly 

atrocity,  but  before  i  -v«ay  i^croaa  the 

elave-yoiil,  the  con\  icliob  oi  the  utter  ub<'1«  s^- 
ueas  of  such  a  proct^eding  came  aynm  me  .vjul 
turning  aick  .'uid  fmnt,  I  «toppe4.1  m  i 

my  fingers,  and  retraced  my  ftte|>fik 
was  MO  inoi/nci  tv  '  '    '  '  ^ 

realiiio  it.    TIil  ' 

rung  in  my  cuk^  .^^  i  -i..^.- •,,  ....  *  i  ^  -i.  i  ^~^ 


In  ft  ffw  dnys  the  hold  appeared  abr^ut  half]  the  slave  a^'.Vin  writhing  under  tl»e  hissixig 


wntity,  and  with  the  firwt  boat  that  went  aHihore 
with  cATgo  I  was  sent  to  take  a  letter  from 
the  mate  up  to  the  ''  old  majn,"  who  was  at 
the  Purtugnese  factoiy.  The  path  from  the 
Inntliiifrplace  up  the  ba«k  of  the  bluff  head- 
land x^HA  a  jierpendicularly  steep,  beaten 
track,  u\i  and  down  which  the  great  people  of 
the  phw.'e  were  ciirritHl  in  net  haminocka  slung 
on  a  l>ole,  on  the  ahouhk'rui  of  thelv  slaves  or 
servants.  The  path  waa  bordered  with  bush, 
and  here  and  there  patches  of  cukivation  for 
rearing  **  caasada."  On  the  brow  of  the  hill 
wo  saw  the  faetories  between  tl*e  trees,  and 


iron,  struggling  with  tlie  hruUd  ruftai^  who 
held  him,  and  cmwling  in  agony  fu  the 
ground  as  he  w>»«  flunj'  tliere,  with  that  fear- 
ful mark  upju  him,  liuroing  loto  his  very 
nerves. 

*'  Why,  I  i-eckou  you  *ve  been  soiu'ed,  youi^ 
feller  1 "  exoUijuod'a  tall  Yauka*:  in  a  broad- 
brimniotl  straw  hat,  whom  I  d  as 

one  of  the   agents  at  the  Aj  tory 

for  some  American  houftc.     X  it;  1 

had  been  too  much  scjuvd  to  <*[  •    - 

Presently  I  learned  frx>m  luiii  'vU  i!  I  had 
previously  suspected ;  but  euuld  hardly  bs- 


lieve  that  I  traa  one  4>f  ifaa  crew  of  a  r^galu* 

sljiver. 

*«BuC  I  renuu-ked,  "the  brig'g  not  half 
discbargied." 

"  Doa  t  you  beliere  it,**  said  he,  "  There 
ain't  much  in  her  now,  I  gueea,  besides  water 
for  the  pasfiage.  Your  old  man  'a  made  rather 
asood  thing,  I  reckon;  for  thejrVe  let  him 
taxtf  tlie  lot  up  there  a  bargain.  You  see 
they  're  getting  abort  of  ^rub.  They  've  been 
on  abort  alluwance  this  laat  week,  and  there 
ain't  above  another  day  or  two*a  lefl,  so 
they  *re  glad  to  take  a  little  leas  than  usmd 
for  em.  But  prices  ain't  bad  nohow.  The 
cruisers  keep  tl^e  irwie  brbk  enough.  Tlie 
nioc'e  the  meiTier — thoqgh  they  starve  a  few 
occaaiouallv.*^ 

As  I  walked  towardd  the  place  I  had  been 
i^rdcred  to  call  for  the  letter,  I  turned  over  in 
i**y  nnud  what  waa  liest  to  be  done.  That  I 
wonlvl  Hot  go  in  the  "  Lucy  Anne  "  and  bo  a 
witness,  if  not  compelled  to  be  an  actor  in 
cruelties  perhaps  almost  as  bad  as  those  I 
had  witueaaed,  I  was  determined,  oome  what 
might.  My  duty  I  fdt  to  be  to  expose  lier 
real  cliaracter  to  .1  mnn-of-war.  But  how  was 
I  to  get  away,  and  what  chance  was  there  of 
fidliug  in  in  time — should  I  tsca|Kj  clear — witll 
her  or  her  boata  I  Tlieae  thing*  presented 
themiielves  in  a  very  unnatislaL'torj  light,  as  I 
revolved  them  in  my  mind  ;  so  at  last  I  came 
Ut  the  determination  of  taking  a  atndght* 
forward  coui"»«j,  juid  telling  the  "old  man  '*  I 
didn't  wish  to  join  him^  and  request  my  dis- 
charge at  once.  With  this  idea  I  huiried 
into  the  factory  U»  tell  the  "old  man"  my 
mind.  To  niy  dlsajip^iintent  he  had  gone  on 
boartl,  leaving  oixlers  for  me  to  follow,  which 
I  did,  rrgrettiug  ull  the  way  tliat  1  had  not 
seen  liiiti  when  1  felt  worked  up  into  good 
trim  for  a  row  w^ith  him,  iiati  such  a  thing 
occurred.  The  moment  I  gut  on  boai'd  1 
ruahcii  ofl*  to  Jack  Ayi\i^  and  detailed  all 
that  uccurrcnl,  second  thoughts  having  sug- 
gestetl  lakincr  his  advice, 

"  Well,  what  are  you  going  to  do  V*  said 
Jack. 

**  Aak  fur  my  iUdchai^e,*' 

**Abaunl!  If  you  go  ashore  here,  you 'U 
be  munlered  in  no  time.  But,  if  you  wiil 
bolt,  wait  till     '  ui  to  ship,  and  then 

pckp  off  in  a  K  .  t,  or  a  canoes,  to  the 

man-u'-war.  hm  1  <i,.u  l  ©ee  why  you  Ve  fit* 
biMiiou  stpifAiiiisL  about  the  uiggei's.  A  couple 
of  hmidi-ed  doUaa^  or  so^  don't  often  come 
amiss.'' 

"  Oh,  Jaek,  if  you  *d  only  seen  what  1  have 
seen"— 

''Well,  Vast  a  bit  Let  s  hear  what  tlie 
'old  man*  lias  to  aay,'*  said  Jack,  for  the 
skipper  htul  just  emerged  from  below,  ami 
Bung  out  to  the  mate  to  acnd  eveiTbodv 
alt 

**  Now  my  men,"  said  he,  when  we  hail  all 
mm*tero<l  round  hbu.  "  I  'm  a  going  to  sliip 
a  cargo  of  slaves  at  sunset;  if  vou  like  to 
ihare,   you*li     have    two    huntfred    dollars 


apiece — ^if  you  dou%  you  may  go  ashore,  or 
to  bUses,  if  you  like "' — 

None  of  the  crew  aiiswered :  they  were 
regularly  talien  aback  at  this  unexpected 
announcement. 

^  I  '11  give  you  an  hour  to  consider,  all  o£ 
you.  But  look  out !  if  ihere  's  any  double 
ahuflling  with  me,  or  any  one  goes  near  those 
dtgnal  halliard^  and  attempts  to  bwer  that 
fla^  I U  shoot  him." 

^The  men  stood  silent,  and  looked  in  each 
other^s  faoea,  as  if  to  read  what  course  each 
shocdd  adopt ;  still  no  one  spoke. 

"  There— that  '11  do  now  j  go  ibr*ard  and 
make  your  minds  up.** 

^  I,  for  one.  Captain  Curson,  will  never — " 

**  Hush  !  Hush  !  " — cried  Jack,  aeizii^  me 
by  tlie  arm,  and  bawling  me  along  with  the 
rest. 

"^Go  for'^ard.Sir/*  added  the  skipper,  tnming 
away  ;  and  tne  next  minute  we  were  all  in 
the  fuk'stle  discussing  the  matter.  The 
whole  of  the  crew  decided  in  favour  of  the 
"  old  nmn'a  ^'  offer, 

**  I  tell  3'ou,  Jack,  I  'U  have  nothing  to  do 
with  it,'^  was  my  auMwer  to  Jack  s  entreaties 
"  not  to  be  a  fool.*'  "  Well,  if  you  won't,  you 
wont,"  he  continued;  "at  all  events^  you 
needn't  say  so,  but  wait  till  it  s  dark  and  get 
away  ;  for  if  you  go  ashore  to-day  you  ''11  be 
as  dead  to-morrow  as  a  dried  herring.*' 

"  But  do  oome  with  me,  Jjick.*' 

"  Wliy  you  see,  old  fellow,  I  'm  poor,  and 
can't  aflbrd  to  throw  away  a  couple  of  hun- 
dred dollars  for  the  chance  of  more  kicks 
than  halfpence,  in  a  man-o'-war." 

"  So  be  it,  then.     Everj'  man  for  himself." 

Tlie  Cajttain  was  told  the  crew  were  all 
wiQing  to  accept  his  offer — much  to  his  sntis^ 
faction ;  ami,  much  to  mine,  I  saw,  in  the 
afternoon,  the  mariHsWiir  stejuner  Btanding 
Id  for  the  land,  some  distance  to  the  north- 
ward, so  I  took  an  opportuuit}'  of  making  up 
in  a  bundle  a  selectiuu  of  best  things  from  my 
Sftilor*g  kit. 

The  last  boat  load  of  the  cai'go  from  the 
States  had  been  despatched,  and  the  *'  Lucy 
A  nne*s "  hold  now  showed  a  tier  of  large 
water-casks,  i-eatlv  filled,  which  ha<l  hitherto 
been  hidden  by  the  cargo.  A  jxjnion  of  the 
hold  was  stow^  too  witn  farina,  jerked  beet 
and  rice  ;  and,  when  a  few  planks  were  laid 
ujx)n  the  cajaLa  aud  covered  with  malting,  and 
the  \iit>*o  eo]}rK'ra  for  cooking  placed,  she  was 
lis  reguhu'ly  htted  a  slaver  iJelow  as  ever  was 
seen  u[x»n  the  coast ;  while  on  deck,  her 
hatches  on,  and  her  colours  flying,  she  delied 
any  ciiihter^s  acnitiuy,  even  were  one  Big- 
nailed  to,  unless  at  the  risk  of  infringing  the 
boasted  impunity  &om  search  of  the  flag  she 
wore. 

Directly  it  was  dark,  the  work  cooimenced 
in  eai-nest;  crowds  of  boats  of  all  kiuds^ 
launches,  canoes,  Kabenda-boats — all  loaded 
to  the  waters  edge  with  their  living  ca^o, 
crowded  alongside.     Hundreds.  qC  llvt\iAj£« 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


tCvB^octew  e: 


feiiiig  honibljr  from  the  undrcmed  sores  that 
llie  tnornisg^fl  work  tn  i  ^ri^'^'n  thero,  Bled  ui 
oa  tbe  tl'-  re  as  qiiicklv 

imn  down  below,   i  ■  boatle  I  look 

mjbatidLt  in  my  roouLii,  >eizt;ii  an  anobaerwe*! 
taomeDt,  aod  aTippcii  down  the  cable  into  n 
KabeocU-bcMit,  jaasamg  close  hj,  that  I  hml 
beelcoBMl  ta.  Down  in  the  bottom  of  the 
boat  I  Clirew  myself,  and  we  Bboved  ofij  and 
poDed  away.  Aa  we  did  bo  the  Captain  juat 
CMiglit  a  glimpse  of  n^,  and  roared  out,  with 
an  oatl^  to  the  boat  to  atoiJ~ 

•*  Come  bock^  or  I '!!  fire  at  jou  I " 

"  Doif  t  mind  him.  Pull,  pull — give  way — 
do.  do  poll ! " — cried  I,  trembling  with  ex- 
citemeot.  The  boat  sprung:  iirhead  into  the 
g^oom  ifl  a  ballet  f>^lij«hed  into  the  water, 
mai&titf  not  a  foot  6vm  the  ateeraman's  head. 
Now  tben,  saila  and  oara — let  her  go.  Hark 
tiiey  ajw  lowering  a  boat  to  cliaae  ns.  No, 
they  can't  spare  time  !  I  listened,  with  held 
brnthj  to  the  noise  of  shooting,  and  oaths ; 
llie  sounds  of  btialLe  and  confusion  died  gra- 
dliaUy  away — I  was  safe  ! 

I  ba<l  b»  bribe  the  Kabenda  boatmen  with 
all  the  money  in  niy  txMSHaioD  to  intluce 
them,  after  an  hour  »  pulling,  t<]i  contLDue  the 
aeardi  for  the  man-of-war,  or  her  boat,  as  I 
felt  that  now  my  only  chance.  They  had  seen 
1ier,as  I  had,  last,  at  aunaet,  standing  in— she 
mu«t  have  fetched  in  somewhere  where  we 
now  were,  and  tiai)  i^too*!  otf  the  laud  again, 
perhaps  for  a  short  txick,  perhaps  for  all 
night.  Pmyiug  that  the  former  was  the 
caae,  I,  at  last,  rK^rsunded  the  Kabenda  men 
to  (nit  the  boats  head  off  shore  and  stand 
out  in  thv  hope  of  meeting  her.  Another 
hour  jja&aed  and  still  no  signs.  The  land 
wind  freshened,  the  water  rippled  and  liroke 
at  the  bofvt'rt  Ivjws  as  she  increased  her  sneetj, 
and  the  Kalteoda  men  began  to  exclaini, 
that  it  was  hopele88.  i  sat  with  outstretch«*d 
neck  straining  my  e^ea  to  look  through  the 
darknetftS,  We  were  about  to  give  it  up  for 
the  night  in  dt'spair,  when  I  heard  a  &int 
nwhing  noise  over  the  water. 

**  Tis  poi-poiaca ! "  said  the  steersman. 
"  No — the  sound  ia  too  regular  for  that  ;" 
and  in  a  few  minutes  w©  could  diijtinctly 
make  out  the  regular  beating  of  the  paddle- 
wheels  of  a  steamer,  and  her  rushing  noise 
througJi  the  water. 

In  lire  minuttfi?  J  was  on  board,  and  had 
hastily  explained  everything  to  the  officer  of 
the  Watch,  The  Ci«ptatn  was  called — gteam 
l^t  up  to  full  jiower.  and  we  were  soon  tear- 
ing along  for  the  anelionige  off  Ambriz.  In 
•  quarter  of  the  time  1  liad  spent  in  ItKiking 
for  the  steamer,  wo  wt  re  there,  and  examining 
the  spot — but  we  found  no  vessel.  The  "  Lucy 
Anne  "  was  gone.  A  uonsultation  wiis  now 
held  J  I  w;w  sent  for,  and  had  to  repeat  sdl 
the  particulai's  of  my  escape,  and  wiis  ones 
tioned  as  to  thu  probable  time  that  must  have 
elapsed  nf>t*r  my  leaving,  before  she  could 
make  a  start.  The  distance  she  had  run  since 
then  was  calculated,  and   opinions  taken   its 


to  the  course  the  had  st«erDd.  At  last  it  waa 
d^tenmned  to  mn  directly  off  the  land  s<:»me 
twenty  miles,  it  being  suppoaed  she  would  not 
have  ma<le  more  than  that  with  the  land- 
breeze  now  blninng,  and  there  wait  for  tky- 
light.  This  waa  done  ;  and  the  first  thing' I 
heard  on  wakir -  '  *'  fuoming,  waa,  "Sail 
ho!"    from  tJi  t    man.     There  was 

a  sail  just  vi^.  ..  ,...  vhu  horizon.  It  was 
caJm,  so  that  in  an  hour  or  so  we  should 
know  what  she  was.  No  alteration  of  sails 
or  course,  indicated  any  attempt  on  the  part 
of  tlie  stranger  of  avoidance  or  cocape.  In 
little  more  than  an  hour  we  could  miuce  her 
out  to  be  the  "Lucy  Anne.**  There  was  a 
bustling  about  forward^  ^-isible  as  we  neared 
her,  and  that  alone  was  the  only  sign  of 
consciousness  of  ourpreaence  that  she  ahowed. 
We  approached  stiU  nearer^  and  (hen  was 
heard  something  like  the  laint  echo  of  a  stifled 
shriek  oyer  the  water — no  one  cotdd  say  wlmt 
it  was  like.  The  steamer  ntoym  within  a  few 
hundred  yards  astern  of  her,  and  a  boat  is 
sent  Instead  of  crowds  of  shtves^  not  a 
vestige  of  one  was  to  be  seen.  There  was  the 
**  Lucy  Anne  " — hatches  on  and  decks  swept 
—just  as  she  was  when  the  boat  boarded  her 
before. 

The  officer  was  abont  leaving  when  a  noise 
waa  heard  forwanL    There  was  a  noise   of 


cunting  and  straggling,  and  a  man  Ir 

his  (lothes  torn  nxkm  his  Vvick  an 

from  wounds,  rushed  up  out  of  tl^ 


It  wns  Jack  Ayres^"  Ijook,"  ahoit 
the  officer,  **  Look  at  the  larboard  cm  i 

fainting  from  loss  of  blood,  fell  uim»u  deck. 
As  he  said  this,  the  captain  ooolly  wjilkcd 
below,  and  a  moment  after  the  rei>ort  of  a 
pistol  told  his  fate.  ITie  officer  and  boat  s 
crew  iiisheil  forward,  and  looking  over  tJie 
bowa  saw  that  the  brig's  h&rbojird  anchor  waa 
let  go  and  the  cable  hansring  in  the  water. 
The  cit'W  of  the  brig  stooil  hutldkii  tofjether, 
I«kle  and  terror-stricken.  "  Great  heaven  I  " 
crie<i  the  otheer,  as  an  inkling  of  the  trutli 
flashed  upon  lum. 

"  Man  the  wuidlass — ^heave  in  the  chain — "' 
round  went  the  chinking  purchase,  and  tlie 
chain  mted  and  surged,  a  few  fathoms  ai-e  in, 
anil  all  eyes,  except  those  of  the  men  heaving, 
are  fixed  upon  it,  a»  link  after  link  emerges 
from  the  blue  »ea.  What  dark  mttss  is  that 
as  deep  as  we  can  see  7  No  one  could  speak 
for  horror,  as  the  chain  dragging  up  shows 
the  dead  bodies  of  the  staves  lathed  to  it ;  they 
had  been  let  tjo  with  the  anchor,  their  bodies 
thus  prevented  from  rising  to  t«ll  the  fearful 
tale.*^ 

The  chain  was  unloaded,  and  the  bodies  of 
the  poor  unfortunates  dropped  where  they 
hjwl  wen  murdered. 

The  crew,  whose  number  hiwl  been  in- 
creased by  a  number  of  Portuguese,  two  part 


•  Itits  ia  no  ratn«iU9«4  c*H» 
dtcd      In  1^1,   tlM  "  KKjpidi " 
"  Fulr  JtuMTCwmd  "  and  **  Ilbick  J 
bnudrod  end  fifty    SUrM   iihackii:4 
droMuod, 


UigjuUiur,    KiLiu    ttu** 


l*hAtt«<t  I>teltt».' 


THE  SEA-SroE  CHTJRCHYARI*. 


Owners  in  the  cargo,  were  tried  aiid  suflerod 
the  puuislimeiit  of  tht-  luw.  Jack  Ajrres 
received  a  fre*'  ^wmlou.  ami  I  Lad  a  pana^ 
otiered  me  in  the  neJtt  man-of-wnr  to  Giiglsnd^ 
which  I  accepted- 

THE  SEA-SIDE  CHUBCHYARD. 

The  fica-fiide  cburchyai'd  is  a  strange  wit- 
ness of  the  periloiia  lifo  of  the  mariner  and 
the  fisherman.  It  is  only  by  u  walk  iu  it  thiit 
we  acquire  a  dear  conception  of  tlie  reul 
nntiii-e  of  that  mode  of  livelihood  which  Buch 
imndreds  of  thousanda,  all  round  these  islands, 
emhntcti,  aa  a  choicer  or  a  necessity.  "We  resort 
to  pk'iii^ant  places  in  the  summer  time,  and 
Bee  the  great  ocean  glitteiing  aud  rolling  in 
jikyful  majenty,  and  our  hearts  leap  at  the 
sublime  sfiectacle.  We  see  white  Bails  gleam- 
tug  on  ita  bosom,  and  eteamers  trailing  their 
long  clouds  of  siuoke  after  them,  as  they' 
buady  walk  the  waters,  beaiiiii;  joyous 
passengers  to  many  a  new  acene.  >Ve  meet ; 
tlie  luirdy  blue-cloth  sons  of  ocean,  ou  the  I 
beach  and  the  cliff;  see  them  pushing  off| 
their  h<yaU  ior  a  day'a  fishing,  or  coming  in 
in  the  early  moming  with  their  well-laden 
}awls  and  cobblea,  and  the  sea  and  its  j>eople 
aiJsujne  to  us  a  holiday  sc»rt  of  aa^Mict,  in 
which  the  labtiui-^  the  watching,  the  long  en- 
durance of  ct>ld,  tlio  j^Hiril  and  the  death  are 
concealed  in  the  picturesque  of  the  acenery, 
and  the  frank  and  calm  bearing  of  the  acton* 
themselves*  Wlmt  a  different  thing  is  even  a 
fisherman's  life  when  contt-mplated  as  a  whole ; 
when  we  take  in  the  wmter  and  the  storm 
to  complete  the  picture  of  his  existence  !  But, 
aa  few  of  us  can  do  this  in  reality,  if  we  wish 
to  know  the  actualities  of  a  sea-fu.ring  life,  we 
may  etst  a  veiT  fair  idea  of  them  in  any  seU' 
side  cTiuix;hyai-i 

We  lately  took  a  survey  of  two  such  on 
the  Yorkshire  coast,  and  the  notea  which  we 
there  and  then  jotte<l  down  will  afford  mime 
notion  of  the  strauige  and  touch'mg  records  of 
mjch  a  place.  Our  first  visit  was  to  the 
churchyard  of  Filey,  a  mere  village,  well 
known  to  thousamla  of  summer  tourists  for 
the  noble  extent  of  ita  aanda,  and  the  stem 
magnificence  of  its  so-called  bridge,  or  pro- 
montory of  sa\'age  rocks  running  fiir  into  the 
sea,  on  wliich  yuu  may  walk,  at  low-water ; 
but  wliich,  with  the  advancing  tide,  becomes 
aavagely  gi-aud,  from  tlie  fury  with  which  tlie 
ocean  breaks  over  it. 

In  tempestuous  weather  this  bridge  is  truly 
a  bridge  of  sighs  to  marincxB,  and  many  a 
noble  ship  has  been  dashed  to  pieces  upon  it. 

One  of  the  fii-st  headstones  which  catches 
your  eye  iu  the  little  quiet  churchyard  of 
Filey  bears  witness  to  the  terrors  of  the 
bridge, — "  In  memory  of  Eichartl  Bichardson, 
who  was  unfortunately  drowned  December 
27th,  1799,  aged  forty-eight  years : — 

*'  By  euddcu  wind  and  boisterous  eea 
The  Lonl  did  bike  my  life  from  mc  ; 


Bat  He  to  shore  ray  body  brrjt»ght— 
Found  by  lay  wife,  vlio  for  it  sought. 
And  here  it  rests  in  mother  clay, 
Until  the  ResuiTcction  day. 

"Alao  of  Elhcikbeth,  wife  of  the  above^  who 
died  Januar>'  19tlK  1833,  aged  eighty-nine," 

This  fisherman  was  lust  on  the  bridge,  and 
his  wife  sought  his  boily  on  the  bridge  for 
devtii  tcteks.  She  was  j>os»fc*sed  with  an  im- 
moveable perauasion  that  there  aorae  day  she 
whoiild  find  him.  All  through  that  wmter, 
from  day  to  tiay,  till  late  iu  Mmx^h,  she  fol- 
lowed the  receding  tide,  and  with  an  earnest 
eye  explored  evexy  ledge  and  cre\ice  of  the 
rooks,  every  inch  of  the  wild  chaos  of  huge 
stones  that  storms  had  hurled  upon  the  bridge, 
and  every  wilderness  of  slipfieiy  and  tangling 
sea-weed.  It  was  in  \mx\  that  her  neighbours 
told  her  that  it  was  houeJess ;  that  they  aa- 
sured  her  that  she  would  get  her  death  fi'om 
ctjld  ;  every  day  the  sKtlitaiy  watcher  might 
L>c  seen,  reckldiid  of  windj^  ur  storm,  or  frost  ; 
and,  at  length,  she  did  find  the  corpse  of  her 
liusbaud,  and  saw  it  consi^^ned  to  "  mother 
clay."  She  must  have  hmf  a  frame  as  hardy 
as  her  will  and  strong  as  her  affections,  for 
she  survived  this  strange  ^'igil  of  conjugal 
love  thirty-four  years;,  and  to  the  age  of  nearly 
ninety. 

Neitr  this  stands  a  stone  in  memory  of  m 
master-mariner  and  his  wife,  both  lost,  in  a 
severe  gaJie,  in  a  passage  from  London  to 
Shields  ;  another  lost  on  a  voyage  to  Quebec  ; 
and  two  bi'othei's,  one  drowned  iu  the  Thamei^ 
and  the  other  perishing  at  Comstantinople, 
In  the  churchyard  are  numbers  of  such  re* 
coi-da.  Humble  as  are  the  epitaphs  on  these 
graves,  that  hold  no  bodies  in  nine  cases  out 
of  ten,  they  have  generally  a  touch  of  real 
nature  in  ihcm  compared  with  the  hacknied' 
lines  we  generally  find  in  chui'ch\Tuxl8.  One 
tells  ufi,  that — 

*'  From  home  be  went,  with  uiind  moat  free 
Hifi  livelihood  to  guin  at  sea  : 
He  nc  er  returned,  '  twae  not  to  be — 
iio  ue  cr  returned,  "  twos  Ood  's  decree. 
Oh  !  siul  to  teU,  a  furious  wave 
Cast  him  into  a  watery  grave—* 
A  grave  in  motion — ^termed  the  deep*** 

A  boat  sinking,  carved  on  the  atone,  sym- 
bolises his  fate  ;  while  opposite  a  lucky  old 
mariner  has  luul  a  bout  in  full  sad  placed 
h;>u  his  heaiistone,  and  gives  Go<l  hearty 
thanks  for  having  saved  his  life  some  doz^i 
times.  Two  di^iconaolate  parents  address  as 
thus:—* 

**  Unfortunate  parents  tell 
That  this  our  fcon  a  victim  fell. 
In  steering  homewards  they  were  ma^% 
Willi  gust  of  wind  upset  the  boat 
Theie  three  were  cast  into  the  sea, 
And  he  launched  into  etcmity. 
He  wtui  a  Eon  both  good  and  kind  J 
May  he  in  Qod  a  Father  find" 

Some  very  p\iA\<>sttTp\vLelr\«ft^\ww«^»s«s^^ 


SSB 


HOUSEHOLD  WOia>B. 


tC«Mliic4«4  !»r 


ike  foltowing  Unea,  and,  for  a  reasoit  impUvd, 
avol<l«d  all  Buapkioiis  encomium : — 

"  Most  epitaphs  are  Tainly  wrote  : 
Tho  ti««Kl  t«.    1     '■  '■"      Ti't  be  thought : 
Therefore  tltv  Ibose  hero  laid 

Pcdrod  tb&t  t :        ^      L>e  said. 
That  rose  two  lii-othera.  ?iad  to  tell, 
Thftt  roee  in  hcoJth,  ere  night  tlxey  fell — 
Fctl  victioia  to  the  foamv  tonin  ; 
Whereforo  awhile  thvy  hid  rumiLin. 
FrlomU  for  tlicin  sought,  ami  maeh  lament, 
At  \tml  tho  Lonl  to  thoHc,  tbein  totit. 
So  cLiKl  niid  wpIow  iimy  bcmoiin 
0*cr  huabaiid'd  aud  o'or  &thcr'ti  toiub." 

But  ¥\\ey  churcbyrml  has  toadies  of  love 
and  laud  stories  ns  wril  itsofthesea.  Here 
is  one,  and  ;i  ifcent  one  too.  Close  on  your 
left  ha»d,  imnK"<lmtt*Iy  iu»  yon  utitei'  the  gJite, 
tht-re  is  :v  utour  l*}*  the  wall  bcfunng  th«?  uumes 
of  Eliiialwjth  Canimish,  n^ed  twenly-one,  who 
dit'd  .\u*riwt  1848;  luid  Robert  Siiarr, engineer, 
agi'd  thirty-one,  who  died  March  1849.  Klizn- 
bcth  (Janinviah  died  of  consumption.  She  was 
l>cti*otli*d  to  KoWrt  SniUT,  whose  atfectio II  for 
her  was  ao  gtron^^thnt  he  continued  to  re^';inl 
lier  parents  ;v8  his  owu,  and  used  to  be  nuich 
■with  them,  and  idso  vrivi  veiy  often  m^u 
Ungerin;^  about  the  ^nive  of  the  lost  Eliz:dieth, 
4,)ne  day  he  waa  seen  very  early  at  lier  tpmvv 
in  the  morning.  He  was  about  to  quit  the 
ijlace  for  an  engagement  in  Noithum^>erland. 
It  waa  a  farewell  visit  and  his  last.  Eliza 
beth*a  mother  had  said  to  htm,  "  ltubi»rt,  in 
my  grief  I  have  forgotten  to  pay  tlie  doctor 
on  account  of  Elizjibeth'a  illness ;  I  must  go 
aad  pay  it."  **lt  is  paid,  mother,'*  repliefl 
Boht^rt,  for  lie  always  called  her  mother.  Tlie 
sum  was  upwards  of  twenty  pounds.  Eliza- 
beth's mother  iW^quentty  insisteil  on  hi«  re- 
cciviiif:;  the  money  aeam  from  her,  but  he 
etcadiiy  refused.  And  tlwvt  monnngt  on  his 
retnrn  from  ElixabeLirs  jtjnwe,  the  old  laily 
fiaid,  "  Itoliert,  you  are  leaving  u«,  you  don  t 
know  what  you  may  want.  I  v^iu  jmy  }ou 
this  money.*' 

"  Do  you  wish  to  insult  me,  mother  ?  "  be 
rty)lied,  •*  Ke<?p  it,  if  anything  haji|H*n8  to  uie, 
h\iry  me  with  it ;  but  in  life  1  will  never 
receive  it.  What  is  inLne  wtmld  have  been 
Elizabeth':-  if  alie  hatl  livtxl,  and  I  lukve  }ia«l  a 
melancholy  Hatitifaction  in  jmyiiig  this  debt  for 
licr.**  Within  hjilfiiJi-hour  after  tho4>e  words 
were  spoken,  the  young  man  waa  brought 
hn/ck  a  bloody  corpse  from  the  railway  by 
wliich  ho  had  set  out  on  his  jouniey ;  and 
that  money  diil  bury  him  in  the  same  grave 
with  Ellzabetli  CaniuiiBh.  The  romance  of 
life  is  not  extinguiisheil ;  even  i-ailways  con- 
tribute to  it. 

But  for  abundant  and  overwhelming  evi- 
dences  of  the  dungerouw  life  of  sea-faring  men, 
a  chui*ohyiUil  of  a  town  like  Searlxirou<,di  is 
the  place,  Tltere  the  old  Church  of  St,  Rlury, 
Bi  the  foot  of  the  Ctwtle  Hill,  exhibits  aa 
deiwely  crow<led  a  scene  of  tondjstones  rb  any 
gtwnynrd  of  the  tnetropolin  itaeli     It  h:i3 


been  tho  ^eiot  depository  of  the  dead  there 
for,  probably,  a  thouBand  years.  When  the 
Saiona  Uvc*i  on  the  spot,  it  most  likely  re- 
cvtved  their  remaina.  Wlien  the  Danes,  under 
Regner  Lodl>rog  scoured  this  coa**t,  fortified 
Flambro*  iJead,  and  built  Whitby,  ur  lii'ii- 
Utfe — their  H7«*rr  f^oirrt^where  Pierce  Oaves- 
ton  hehJ  the  cjiatle  for  the  foolish  E^lward  II., 
when  Robert  Aake  and  his  "  l^ilgriuiaye  of 
Grace,"  were  its  masters,  and  when  Sir  John 
Meld  rum,  the  Parliamentary  general,  waa 
killetl  before  it.  Through  aU'these  times  thia 
tlirongeiil  cemetery  was  receiving  its  genera- 
tions of  the  dead.  Yet  still  how  many  stones 
are  mere  memoriala  of  those  whose  Ixinea  arc 
scattered  over  the  wide  eartli,  and  through 
the  deepest  depths  of  the  i>ea.  We  can  omy 
indicate  a  few  of  the  multituda  who  have 
periflhed  in  cvoiy  imaginable  region,  and  have 
memento*  here.  "  William  Allen,  drowned  at 
Charente,  Nov.  1829,  aged  thirteen  yeara  ;  and 
Joseph  Allan,  uon  of  the  abovt  (sic),  di-owned 
by  tlie  overtumiiig  of  a  life-boat,  Feb.  17th, 
1 830,  agtnl  thii*to*?n  years." 

There  ai'e  record*  of  three  persons  drowned 
by  the  u]>aetting  of  that  same  life-boat  One 
man  WAS  drowned  in  ^'  >ri<»theron  a  pna- 

sagy  b»  New  Brnnaw  i  r  ou  h  pjiasyige 

to  Mauiitiu.H.  Rolxii  -.j^^ll  v^iis  drowned  otf 
Elsinore,  and  his  son  off  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hoi»€.  William  Ticklepenny  wafered  on  Oa- 
godl)y  Sanda,  Jan.  1S28.  Were  not  O«godby 
ISjuids  nhv.avfl  uuiler  water,  and  lliat  it  is  added 
that  William  Tickleyienny  "lived  respected 
nnd  died  lamented,"  we  might,  from  the  phra- 
ee<ilog)',  have  aup|»oaed  that  he  wa«  hanged. 
The  whole  crew  and  pa*«ougeryi  of  the  "Seliua'" 
were  wrecked  r»u  tne  R/un  Head,  drowned, 
and  buried  at  Plymouth,  but  have  a  stone  of 
memory  here.  There  are  various  itHjonln  of 
peraoiis  who  were  disowned  in  the  wreck  of 
"Betty's  Delight,"  near  Seju-K't-'i'v''  '"  IM4. 
Another  who  died   at   Su   D  I   is 

burieil  at  Port  an  Prince.    S<'i:  .  d  in 

Lynn  Deefw — ou  the  yjkaseage  to  Dover — "on 
the  coast  of  France  from  the  dreadful  effect*  of 
war  *' — ^two  are  there  who  died  on  board  of 
a  man-of-war — tiome  Inirieil  at  sea — some 
bound  for  London — some  for  Jamaica — iu 
Yarmouth  Roada — otf  Whitby — in  a  yawl  in 
si^ht  of  the  bjwn — off  Sun<ierlaud — by  over- 
turning of  a  boat  at  Flmuborough  Dejwl— at 
St.  John's,  New  Brunswick— on  the  coast  of 
HolLmd — off  Jersey — at  Katavia — in  Javn — 
coming  from  America — and  one  of  coup  de 
noUil  at  Calcutta. 

Such,  and  from  such  varied  regions  of 
the  earth  ai-e  the  memories  of  sudden  death 
which  you  meet  with  here.  Few,  indei-<l, 
we  the  "  water-rats,"  oa  Charles  tho  Second 
uaed  to  call  them^  who  cau  place  on  their 
head  stones  ao  jovial  a  sort  of  even-»ong  ati 
thia : — 

"  Tho'  boisterous  blasU  imd  Ifttpiune's  wavea^ 
Have  tossed  me  to  and  fro, 
Yet  after  alU  by  God's  docrec^ 
I  *m  sheltered  hero  below : 


^ 


I 


THE  SEASIDE  CHUKCHYARD. 


Where  I  do  aafe  at  anchor  ride. 
With  umuy  of  Our  fleet, 
"Alio  once  ogiun  must  nJl  act  sail. 
Our  Saviour,  ClirisI,  to  moeL'* 

If  you  turn  fixnn  the  chupchyariia  to  the 
histories  of  the«e  placeia,  you  ai'e  met  agiuu  by 
the  records  of  terrible  wrecks  and  dkaslera  st 
Sf a.  The  "  Glory,"  of  Yarmouth,  periahei  with 
ail  hands ;  *'  Betsy  and  Ann  ^  find  the  iraves  as 
fci»A»\«»aL  and  fickle  as  their  namesakes  find  their 
crewa  on  land.  The  **  Friendship  '*  is  broken 
on  the  rocks ;  ^  Hope  "  slips  her  andior  in  the 
imminent  moment  j  and  even  the  "Happy 
Betum  '*  finds  no  gnsrantee  £or  ever  reaching 
home  again  in  so  auspiciona  a  name.  You 
wottid  imagine  any  man  mad^  from  all  that 
you  see  around  you,  who  irouid  think  of  trust- 
ing himself  to  the  ocean  :  but  you  look  in  the 
weatherbeaten  Cacea  that  yon  meet,  and  there 
is  no  melancholy,  no  des|mir  there.  The  tar 
is  Btill  the  jolly  tar ;  you  have  the  cheerful 
Yo  hevol  Bung  out  hcartsonrely  firom  the 
portf  and  the  sailor  bonnd  for  the  most 
treacherona  coasts,  or  on  the  most  dangerous 
service,  even  in  quest  Ckf  the  useless  and  im- 
practicable  North- West  P^iasage,  satiafieB  him- 
self with  the  threadbare  saw,  that  ^  we  must 
all  die  Aonie  time." 

It  w;ji«  pi"cci5»ly  on  the  6th  of  November, 
1821,  that  a  texrible  gale  from  the  north-west 
set  in.  It  rose  very  etLvW  m  the  raomingj 
and  blew  hurricanes  all  day.  There  Aras  a 
hasty  and  precipitate  ruiming  and  crowding 
of  fis3hhig'boat.s,  colliers,  ajid  other  vessela  into 
the  friendly  ports  of  Scaiborough  and  Filey, 
for  these  once  past,  excepting  Burlingtou,, 
which  U  fikr  leas  sheltered,  tnere  is  no  pl^e  of 
refuge  nem-er  than  the  Humber  to  flee  bo.  As 
the  njommg  broke  dark  and  scowling,  the 
inhaViilants  looking  from  their  windows  saw 
whole  i^Qtx  of  Teasels  thronging  into  the  port. 
Men  lii'erc  seen  on  the  heights,  where  the 
wind  scarcely  allowed  them  either  to  stand 
or  breathe,  looking  oat  to  descry  what  vessels 
were  in  the  offing^  and  whether  any  danger 
were  threatening  any  of  them.  Every  one 
felt  a  sad  certaint^^  that  on  that  bleak  coast, 
where  thb  wind,  when  in  its  strengtii,  drives 
many  a  luckless  ship  with  uncontroUable  force 
aigainst  the  steep  and  inaccessible  cliffs,  such  a 
day  coidd  not  go  over  without  fearfid  damage. 
Belbre  noon  the  sea  was  running  mountains 
high,  and  the  waves  were  dashing  in  snowy 
foam  aloft  against  the  cUffa,  and  with  the 
howling  winda  filling  the  air  with  an  awfid 
roar.  Many  a  vessel  came  labouruig  and 
ttrmining  towards  the  porta,  yet  by  all  the 
exertions  of  the  crews^  ke^  with  difiicnlty 
from  driving  upon  the  inentahle  destruction 
of  the  rocky  coast 

Amongst  the  fishing-veasela  whidi  made  the 
Bay  of  FLley  in  safety,  was  one  belonging  to  a  I 
young  man  of  the  name  of  Gkorge  JoUifTe. ' 
By  his  o-RTi  active  labours,  added  to  a  little 
property  left  him  by  hia  father,  also  a  fisher- 
man^ Geoigc  Jollilfe  h;ul  lunde  himaelf  the  j 
mnster  of  a  five-mmi-boftt,  aiid  carriorl  on  a  I 


successful  traiie.  But  the  boat  was  hi*  all, 
and  he  sometimes  thought,  with  a  deep  melan- 
choly,  as  he  sate  for  hours  through  long 
nights  looking  into  the  sea,  where  his  nets 
were  cast, — ^what  would  liecome  of  him  if  any 
thing  happened  to  the  "'Fair  Susan?"  The 
boat  was  christened  after  hia  wife  ;  and  when 
George  Jolliffejuctured  to  himself  his  hand- 
some and  good  Susan,  in  their  neat  little  Ikome. 
in  one  of  the  narrow  yet  clean  little  lanes  oi 
Scarborough,  with  \m  two  children,  he  was 
ready  to  g>D  wild  with  an  inward  terror  at  the 
idea  of  a  mishap  to  his  vessel.  But  these 
were  but  passing  thoughts,  and  only  made 
him  the  more  active  and  vigilaiiL 

He  had  been  out  some  days  at  the  Dogger- 
bonk,  fishing  for  cod,  and  had  taken  little, 
when  the  sky,  as  he  read  it,  boded  a  coming 
storm.  He  immediately  hauled  his  nets, 
trimmed  his  sails,  and  made  for  home  with  all 
his  ability.  It  was  not  long  before  he  saw  his 
own  belief  shfared  by  the  rest  of  the  fishermen 
who  were  out  in  that  quarter  ;  and  from  whom 
all  Biul  was  bent  landward.  Before  he  caught 
sight  of  land,  the  wind  had  risen  t^  a  violent 
gale  ;  and  as  he  drew  nearer  the  coast,  he 
became  quite  aware  that  he  should  uot  be 
able  to  make  his  own  port,  And  must  use  all 
energy  to  ^et  into  Filey.  In  the  afternoon  of 
this  5th  ot  November,  he  found  himself,  after 
stupendons  labour,  and  no  little  anxiety,  under 
shelter  of  the  land,  and  came  to  anchor  in  A 
crowd  of  other  strange  vessels. 

Wearied,  drenched  with  wet,  and  exhausted 
by  theu-  arduous  endeavonra  to  make  this 
port,  as  he  and  his  four  comrades  ascended 
the  steps  to  Filey  village,  their  attentio«i 
was  soon  excited  by  the  crowds  of  sailers  and 
fi^ermen  who  were  congregated  at  the  foot 
of  the  signal-house,  and  with  glasses  and  an 
eager  murmur  of  talk  were  riveting  their 
attention  on  something  aeawaril.  Tliey  turned, 
and  saw  at  once  the  object  of  it.  A  fine  mer- 
chant vessel,  under  bare  poles,  and  apparently 
no  longer  obeying  the  nelm,  was  labouring 
in  the  ocean,  and  Sriving,  as  it  appeared,  hope- 
lessly towards  that  slieer  stretch  of  sea-wall 
adled  the  Spectan  Cliff — against  which  so 
many  noble  ships  had  been  pitched  to  de- 
structjon. 

'^  Nothing  can  save  herl**  said  aerend 
voices  with  an  apparent  calmness  which  wottld 
have  stradt  a  landsman  aa  totally  callous  and 
cruel.  Already  there  might,  however,  be 
seen  a  movement  in  the  crowd,  which  George 
JoUifle  and  Ids  comrswles  knew  fix*m  expe- 
rience, meant  that  numbers  were  going  off 
to  aesist  if  possible,  in  saving  the  liuman  life 
on  board  the  reseel,  which  itself  no  power  on 
earth  could  save.  Little  hope,  indeed,  was 
there  of  salvation  of  liie,  for  the  cliff  was 
miles  in  extent,  and  for  the  whole  <listance 
presented  a  perpendicular  wall  of  two  himdred 
feet  in  altitude,  against  which  the  soa  wjis  hurl- 
ing its  tremendous  billows  to  a  terrific  height. 
But  wearied  aa  George  Jolliffe  was. he  instantly 
resolved  to  jom  \u  V.W  civ^ftsoi^^Mc  Xa  «&«^ 


II 


I 


260 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


iCiwJchMiiiir 


^ 
^ 


I 


what  heli>  »«m  jMjssible,  or  at  \emt  to  give  to 
the  ten  ihed  people  on  hourd  the  doomecl  ship 
the  HiUisfactiou  of  [jerceiviiig  thftt  their  more 
foruiiijite  fellow-creaturea  oq  laud  were  not 
iudiHVreut  to  their  misery. 

lliirryitig,  therefore,  iiitx>  the  Ship  public- 
ho^isc  close  at  hand,  he  drank  a  pint  of  beer 
tm  he  stood,  took  a  couple  of  irtoiit  itiecefl  of 
brcml  and  cheese  in  his  hand^  ana  in  the 
next  inomeut  wiw  hauled  np  into  a  cart 
which  was  going  off  with  n  (piantity  of  fisher- 
men on  the  same  errand.  One  onl}'  of  his 
crew  accompanied  him,  and  that  was  his 
yonnffcr  brother ;  the  three  hireil  men  de- 
cljtrnd  themselves  half-detul  with  fatig^ue,  and 
Btaid  behind. 

The  cart  drove  along  at  an  almost  furious 
rate,  and  there  were  numbers  of  otliera  goin^ 
the  fiiime  road,  with  the  siime  veiocity  ;  while 
they  ct^nld  nee  streama  of  young  men  on 
foot,  running  uloufj;  tile  tojw  of  the  clilfw, 
t;dut^  tlie  nciiic'3t  ci »nrae  towai^da  the  scene  of 
the  expected  catastrophe*  Long  before  George 
JollilTe  and  those  with  whom  he  went  reached 
the  ]>4Vmt  where  thev  left  their  cart,  and  ^ 
Btarted  forward  bcarnig^  coils  of  rope,  and 
even  warm  garments  with  them,  they  hear^l 
the  tiring  of  ^^una  of  distreas  firmi  the 
jetjparilisetl  vessel.  It  would  weem  that  u|i 
to  a  certain  moment  the  peoplt!  on  i»oard 
tnusted  tfj  be  a\»le  to  bring  the  ship  uudtT 
nhelter  t»f  the  land,  and  then  get  nn  anchorage : 
but  the  dremifu!  reality  of  their  bltuation  had 
now  evidently  burst  uj»u  them  ;  and  the 
crowds  hasteixing  towards  the  cliff,  Imrried 
forward  more  anxiously  as  the  succeaaivc 
booiniuga  of  tliese  mehuicholy  guim  reached 
their  eare. 

When  Jolliffe  arid  hin  companions  reached 
llie  ereat  of  the  cliff,  and  looked  out  on  the 
Bca,  it  \vm  already  drawing  towai'd  evening. 
The  wind  «{ill  blew  furiouBly.  Tlie  ocean 
wjus  one  chaos  of  to&iirij:*  and  rolling  billows, 
ami  tlie  thunder  of  their  discharge  on  the 
face  of  the  cliti*  wan  awful.  The  tii"at  sight 
of  the  uulmpjiy  xv^^i  made  the  spectjitor 
ejaculate  'M.)h  I'^orl !"  That  waa  all  that  wus 
uttered,  and  it  spoke  volumes.  The  thi-oiig 
stot.nl  Btiiring  intently  down  on  the  fihip,  amid 
the  deaferdug  thundt^r  of  llie  ^jcrniu,  and  the 
BuH'ocating  violence  of  the  wintln.  On  came 
the  <le\<tted  vea-sel  like  a  lame*l  thing,  one  of 
h^  majsLs  idreatly  g«jne  by  the  l>oard,  and  but 
fyw  pi'ople  to  be  seen  on  the  tieck.  These, 
however,  raiaed  their  hands^  in  luoat  imploring 
altitude  towards  the  peof>Ic  on  the  elilT,  as  if 
relying  on  them  for  that  aid  which  they 
despjuretl  to  afturd*  As  the  helpleaa  vesat'l 
came  nearer  the  clift*  it  encoiinteretl  liie 
refluent  force  of  the  waves  thsit  were  sent 
with  a  fitnnuing  recoil  fre^m  their  terrible 
Bhock  against  the  ]a*eclpice»  It  st^iggered, 
stooped,  aufi  wi^a  turned  about  without 
power  of  ik'lf-gnidanoe.  One  niountiiinous 
sea  after  another  wa.shed  over  hei",  juul  the 
few  huiujoi  beings  disappeared  with  slirieks 
tliat  pieived  even  through  the  tiubulent  dis- 


sonance of  the  tempest.  Tlie  a.s»embled 
crowd  on  the  cUff  fchuadereil  with  horror,  and 
felt  that  all  need  of  their  presence  was  at  an 
end.  But  they  &tood  and  glared  na  with  a 
fttscijiatwl  intensity  on  the  vessel  that  now 
ciyue  nearer  and  nearer  to  its  final  c;itAs- 
irophe ;  when  all  at  once  there  waa  lUs- 
cerued  an  oh]  num,  with  bare  head  and  white 
jstreaming  hair,  lashed  to  the  maln-maat.. 
He  sioo<l  with  lifted  hands  and  face  gazing 
up  to  them  .-is  if  clinging  fiimly  to  the  hope 
ol  their  saving  him.  A  simultaneous  agita- 
tion ran  through  the  crowd.  The  «hip  waa 
lifte<l  high  on  the  back  of  the  biilo\\'a,  and 
then  ]»itched  down  again  within  a  short 
distance  of  the  clifT,  A  few  more  seooudii— • 
another  eueh  a  heave,  and  alie  must  be 
dashed  t^)  pieces.  At  once  flew  out  several 
coila  of  ropcA,  but  the  fury  of  the  wind,  and 
I  he  depth  to  Mhich  they  had  to  go  defeated 
them.  They  were  huiled  against  the  crags, 
and  cjime  nowhere  neiu*  the  vessel.  Again 
were  thrown  out  others,  and  among»t  these 
one  wa«i  seiiiud  by  the  old  nuui  There  was  a 
loud  sliont  at  the  sight  •,  but  the  moment  was 
too  terrible  to  allow  of  much  rational  hope. 
The  vessel  vtma  clone  upon  the  cliff— *jne  more 
pitch,  and  she  woiUd  ];>ej*ie!h.  All  eye.s  were 
strained  to  sec  when  the  old  man  hau  secured 
the  rope  round  him.  He  was  evidently  la.- 
bouiing  to  do  this  before  he  loosetl  himself 
from  the  mast,  le*it  he  should  be  washed 
away  by  the  next  sea.  But  he  api>eared 
feeble  and  IjenumWd,  and  several  yoici»  ex- 
claimed, "He  will  ne\er  do  it!**  A  sea 
washed  over  him.  As  it  went  by  they  saw 
the  old  man  still  stand  by  the  mast.  He 
passed  his  arm  over  his  face  us  if  to  clear 
his  eyes  fii>m  the  water— and  looke^l  up.  He 
still  held  convulsively  by  the  rope  whicli  they 
ha<l  thrown  ;  but  it  waa  evident  he  wiu*  too 
much  exhausted  to  secure  it  round  him.  At 
that  moment  the  huge  vessel  struck  with  a 
teiridc  shock  against  the  solid  wall,  and 
staggering  backwaid*  became  half  buried  in 
the  l>oiling  waters.  Again  it  waa  plunged 
forw.ird  with  a  frightful  impetus,  juid  the 
next  instant  the  imiai  fell  with  a  ciiish— and 
tht*  whole  great  hull  seemed  to  dia«-:ilve  in 
th«  Uquid  chaos,  In  another  moment  the 
biack'  fstern  of  the  ship  was  seen  to  heave 
from  the  waves,  and  then  disappear,  and  anoti 
spara  an<l  ca.Hks  were  seen  cnuniin^  in  the 
snow-y  surf,  and  tossed  as  playthings  b^ 
the  riotous  sea  again  and  again  to  the  aunilu- 
lating  wsdl. 

The  next  morning  the  wind  had  greatly 
abated ;  luid,  with  the  first  peep  of  day, 
niimbera  of  fi.shing-boats  put  out  to  see 
whether  anything  of  value  which  had  boated 
from  the  wreck  could  be  picked  tip.  George 
JoLLilTe  was  amongst  the  earUest  of  these 
wreckers  ;  but  iu  Ins  mind  the  face  and  form 
of  that  olil  man  were  vividly  pretictit.  He 
had  dre/tmed  of  them  all  night ;  and  while  the 
rest  of  his  crew  were  all  alert  on  the  look-out 
for  corks  or  other  floating  booty,  he  could  not 


Ckmfit*  Dkr^flfiuJ 


THE  SEA-SIDE  CHTJECHrt'AIlP. 


261 


avoid  casting  a  gljujce  fur  and  vdiln,  to  see  if 
ho  coultl  descry  imj'thi^iL,'  of  n  flojitiug  nio«t. 
Though  the  wind  waa  intensely  slill,  the  sea 
still  rose  high,  tuid  it  was  dangerous  to 
appfocM'h  the  cliff.  Tlie  vessels  around  theru 
were  busily  ctigagefl  in  eecuiing^  a  nuinher  of 
urticles  thit  were  fla-ttinir ;  Init  Otforge  Btill 
kept  A  st^wdy  look-out  for  the  mast ;  and  lie 
was  now  stjre  tliat  he  saw  it  at  a  considerable 
distance.  Thoy  made  all  sail  for  it  ;  and, 
mire  enough,  it  was  thea-e.  They  ran  their 
vessel  close  alongsdde  of  it,  and  aoon  saw,  not 
only  a  sling  rope  encircling  its  lower  end,  but 
a  human  arm  clutching  fast  by  it.  Jolliffe 
had  the  cobble  soon  adnt%  and,  with  a  couple 
of  rowors.  approached  the  floating  timh<?r. 
With  much  icIiiKculty,  from  the  utiensy  state 
of  the  sea,  he  managed  to  seciu-e  a  conl  round 
Iht!  drowned  mau*a  wrist,  and  with  an  axe 
severed  the  rope  which  tie<l  him  to  the  mast, 
rresently  they  actually  hjxd  the  old  man  iji 
tht?  boat,  whom  they  last  eveninjj  saw  iraplor- 
in*;  their  lud  from  the  wreck.  Speedily  they 
hail  him  hoisted  into  the  yawl ;  and  when 
they  got  on  boai*d,  and  saw  him  lyin^  at  his 
length  on  deck,  they  were  astomnhed  at  liia 
size  and  the  flignity  of  his  look.  He  waa  not,  aa 
he  si'cjned  from  the  altitude  of  the  cliff,  a  little 
mnii :  he  waa  upwards  of  9ijL  feet  in  height,  of 
a  tai^e  and  powerfiil  build  ;  and  though  of  at 
least  seventy  years  of  age^  there  was  a  nobility 
of  feature,  mid  a  mild  intelligence  of  expres- 
sion in  him,  which  ^^reatly  struck  them, 

"  That/'  said  George  Jolliffe,  '*  is  a  gentle- 
man every  inch.  There  will  be  trouble  alwut 
him  somewhei'e," 

Whde  stiying  this,  he  observed  that  he  had 
sevend  jewelled  rings  on  his  fingers*,  which  he 
carefully  drew  otT;  and  said  to  his  men  :  "  You 
see  how  mauy  there  :U'e  ;  **  and  ptit  them  into 
his  waistcoat-pijcket.  He  then  observed  thai 
lie  hail  a  bfig  of  stout  leather,  bound  by  a 
Blruug  >>elt  to  his  waist.  This  he  untied,  and 
fouTid  in  it  a  large  packet  wrapped  in  oilcloth, 
and  se^ed  up.  There  was  aUo  a  piece  of 
pnper  cloaely  and  tightly  folded  together, 
wliich  being  with  ditticnilty,  from  ita  soaked 
state,  opened  :wud  spretul  out,  was  found  to 
contain  the  :iddrej»  of  &  great  mercantile 
house  in  Hull, 

" These;'  said  George  Jolliffe,  "I  slmU 
myself  deliver  to  the  mercliants." 

•*  But  we  chdra  our  aharea,"  said  the 
men. 

"They  are  neither  mine  nor  yours,"  said 
George;  "but  whatever  benefit  comes  of 
doing  a  right  thinj?,  you  ahall  partake  of 
Beyond  that,  I  will  defend  this  property  with 
my  whole  life  and  strength,  if  neeeaaary. 
And  now  let  aa  see  what  etee  there  is  t4> 
begot," 

The  men,  who  looked  aiiUen  and  dogged  at 
first,  on  hearing  thta  resumed  their  cheerful- 
nesa,^  lunl  were  aoon  in  full  pursuit  of  other 
floating  lu-tich's.  They  la^hwl  the  mast  to  the 
stem  of  their  vea^l,  aud  in  the  course  of  a 
few  houra  were  in  posaession  of  couaidetable 


booty.    Jolliffe   tohl   thera   that,   to   prevent 
any  interference  of  the  fhilife  or  the  hftrl>our^ 
master  n-itli  the  effects  of  the  old  gentleman, 
he  would  be  put  out  near   Filey,  and  they 
must  steer  the  yawl  liorae.     He  jtecured  the 
bag  under  his  tai'paulin  coat,  rind  wa$  Boon 
set  ashore  at  a  p.'U't  *»f  the  Ijay  where  he  could 
make  his  way,  without  mi,ich  olwervation,  to 
the   Hull  ro?uL     He    met    the    coach   most 
luckily,  and  that   night  was  in  Hull.     The 
'  next  moraing  he  went  to  the  counting-bouse 
I  of  the  merchants  indicated  by  the  pnjHer  in 
'  the  drowned  geiitlem;tn's  b;ig,  and  informed 
'  the  principals  what  harl  happened.     Wlien  he 
'  described  the  person  of  the  deceased,  and  pro- 
,  duced  the  bag^  with  the  blotted  and  curttled 
I  piece  of  paper,  the  pai-tners  seemed  struck 
I  with  a  speechless  terror.     One  looked  at  the 
other, and  at  length  one  said,  "Gracious  God! 
too  sure  it  is  AIi.  Auckeravcerd  !  " 
i     They  unfolded  the  packet,  conferred  apart 
I  for   some   time   with    each    other,  and   then, 
j  coming    to    Mr.   Jolliffe,    said,   "  You    have 
behaved  in  a  most  honourable  manner:  we 
I  can  assure  you  that  you  will  not  fail  of  your 
j  reward.    These  papers  are   of    the    utmost 
im|>ortance.     We  tell  you  candidly  they  in- 
volve the  aofety  of  a  very  large  amount  of 
property.     But  this  is  a  verj^  sorrowful  biisi^ 
neaa.     One  of  ua  must  accompany  }'ou,  to  see 
respect  paid  to  the  remains  of  oui'  old  and 
vjdued  friend  and  partner.    In  tlie  meantime 
hei^e  are  ten  pounds  for  yourself,  and  the  sam;e 
sum  to  distrinute  amonght  your  men."' 

George  JolUffe  begged  the  merchants  to 
favour  liim  with  a  written  acknowledgment 
of  the  receipt  of  the  j«M.'ket  aud  of  the  ringiB 
which  he  now  delivei^  to  them.  This  he 
obtained  ;  aad  we  may  shorten  our  recital  by 
here  simply  saying,  that  the  remains  of  the 
tU'owned  merchant  were  buried,  with  all  re- 
spectful obsenaijce,  in  the  old  churchyard  at 
Scarborough  ;  a  great  numlK-r  of  genllvmen 
fi'om  Hull  attiindiiig  the  funeral. 

That  winter  was  a  peculbrly  severe  and 
stormy  one.  Ere  it.  was  over,  George  Jolliffe 
himself  had  been  wrecketl — his  "  Fair  Susan  *' 
was  caught  in  a  thick  fog  on  the  Filey  rocks, 
his  brutlicr  *liowned,  and  only  himself  and 
another  man  picked  up  and  saved.  His  wife, 
from  the  shock  of  her  nerves,  ha<i  suffered  a 
prem,atui^e  confinement,  and,  probably  owing 
to  the  grief  and  an.xicty  attending  ihis  gi-eat 
misfortune,  ha<J  Im.;  failed  to  rally  again. 
George  Jolliffe  was  now  a  pemiy  less  man  serving 
on  board  another  vessel,  and  enduring  the 
rigours  of  the  weather  and  the  aea  for  a  mere 
weekly  pittance.  It  was  in  the  April  of  the 
coDiing  year  that  one  Sunday  his  wife  iiad, 
for  the  first  time,  taken  his  arm  for  a  stroll  to 
the  Castle  Hill.  They  were  returning  to  their 
little  liouse,  Susan  pale  and  exhausted  by  her 
exertions,  with   the  two    children  tiiidgii^ 

3uietly  behind,  when,  as  they  *lrew  near  their 
ix)r,  they  saw  a  strange  gentleru.iii.  tall, 
young,  and  gooddookina,  speaking  with  Mi-s. 
bright,  their  uex.t  u^^Jvaovii. 


lesi 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


^Condoelallif 


•*  Koto  he  is,**  mad  Mrs.  Bright ;  "  that  is 
Mr.  JulUffe." 

The  stranger  lifted  his  hnl  v^ry  politely, 
liiaii<b  ii  very  low  bow  to  Mrs,  JoUiffo,  and 
^- nj;   a   good    deal    uifived.   said    to 
ly  nAme  ia  Auckersvivrd."    **  Oh," 
;    all  thftt  nusliing  into  hia  mind 
ranger  immediately  proceeded  to 


'*  1  am,'  wild  he,  "  the  son  of  the  gentleman 
who,  in  the  wreck  of  the  '  Danemand,'  ex- 

Eerieuced  your  kind  care.  I  would  have  a 
ttle  conversation  with  you.^* 
Georgo  stood  for  a  monient  aa  if  coDfusedi 
but  Mrs.  JolUffe  luiBtened  to  open  the  door 
with  tlie  key,  and  bade  Mr.  Aiickersvoeird 
walV  in.  "  You  arc  an  Enp^liahmaii  ? "  said 
Georffc,  as  tht;  sinuiger  aeattNl  himself, 
"No,  he  reidied,  "I  am  a  Dane,  but  I  wa« 
educated  to  buslueaa  in  Hull,  and  I  look  on 
England  as  my  aeeoiid  codutry.    Such  men 


and  Co., to  whom  the  "Holciei^DanAke'*  belonga, 
TliRt  wasenoujrh  :  we  underBtood  it   all,  and 


feit  a  geuuine  ;--. 
the  seed  of  a 
worthy ftoil,  t<>  (in 
all  parties.    Hay 
ever! 


in  the  tliuu^'ht  that 
iou   had  Inlleu  into 

'         '  •  ut  of 

sail 


THE  YOUTH  AND  THE  SAGE. 

TOUTH. 

Ou.  Sago,  the  paremtage  or  Wisdom  tell  I 
Sb«  SMms  not  of  the  earth— bat  from  abore  1 


Good  Youth,  bIm  *r  port  of  Mrth,  men  know  too  woU 
Pain  ia  her  fiiiher— hut  her  mother,  I^>ve. 


THE  DEVONSHIRE  DORADO, 


A  DiscJOFERY  ia  not  thought  much  of.  wl 
hoi*  1h?ou   made  not  leas  than  ten 
iw  you,  Mr.  Jollifl'c,  would  make  one  proud  of  [  milea   or   so   from    home.      Even   < 
such  a  country,  if  we  had  no  other  interest   woid- 1  Imve  taxed  our  credulity  for  u  i. 
in  it."     George  Jolliffe  bluahed,  Mra.Jciniffe's    longer   time   thnn    it   did    before    cimvi.  i 


I*')i 


r  sparkled  with  a  pleasure  and  pride  that 
tfM»k  no  jmiis  to  conceal,  A  little  eon- 
versation  made  the  stran^i^er  a^^Tire  that  mis- 
fortune had  fallen  heavily  on  this  little  family 
Btnee  George  had  ao  nobly  secured  the  pro- 
perty and  remains  of  his  father. 

**  Pi-ovi deuce,"  said  Mr.  Anckeravoerd, 
"evidently  means  to  p^ve  full  cifect  to  our 
gralitnde.  I  was  fast  bound  by  the  winter  at 
A-r<*h;tiij*el,  when  the  sad  news  reached  me,  or 
I  shotild  have  been  here  sooner.  But  here  I 
am,  and  in  the  name  of  my  mother,  my  sister, 
my  wife,  uiv  brother,  and  our  partners,  1  beg, 
Mr.  JoHiflt%  to  present  you  with  the  best 
fisbing-suuick  that  can  be  fi>und  for  sale  in 
the  wort  of  Hull — anii  if  no  first-rat^  one  can 
be  loiind,  one  .shall  be  built.  AWo,  I  ask 
your  accept.'ince  of  one  hundred  pounds,  as 
a  little  fimd  against  those  diaastera  that 
ao  often  beset  your  hazanlous  profeasion. 
Should  such  a  day  come — let  not  this  tes- 
timony of  our  regard  and  gratitude  make 
you  think  wo  have  done  all  that  we  would. 
ben*!  at  ouce  to  us,  and  you  shall  not  e^nd 
in  \*ttin." 

We  need  not  dcsmbe  the  happiness  which 
Mr.  Anckei^va?rd  left  in  that  little  house  that 
day,  nor  that  which  he  carrieii  away  in  his 
own  heart.  How  nipidly  Mrs.  Jollitre  re- 
covered her  health  and  'strength,  »and  how 
grondly  George  JolUfTe  saw  a  new  "Fair 
nsan'*  spread  her  sails  very  soon  for  the 
deep-sea  fishing.  We  ha<l  the  curiosity  the 
oUier  tlay  to  enquire  whether  a  "  Fair  Susan  " 
was  still  imiongst  the  fishing  vessels  of  the 
port  of  Scarl>orough.  We  coidd  not  discover 
her,  but  learnt  that  a  Captain  JollilTe,  a  fine, 
hearty  fellow  of  fit\y  U  master  of  that  noble 
merchantman,  the  ""  Hol-,»er-Danske,"  which 
makes  its  regidar  voyjiges  between  Copen- 
hagen and  Hull,  and  tfiat  his  son,  a  promiKing 
young  man,  ia  an  esteemed  and  confidentiiU 
derk  in  the  house  of  DaTidsen,  Anekeravaerd 


1  scales  of 

I   of    Jithti 


'  H.li 

nod 
ftj'e 
und 
des. 


\  or 


arriv^^i  ill  ! 

it  been  wit 

or  Land's  1.1  It (,     it'-iM-rji  '     -  ' 

thp  rosouiTH?a  of  our  own 

wastes  are  wholly  ovei-lo,  ,» 

we  straining  our  eyea  afar,  t« 

exaggenxte   the   treasures  of   i  i 

Who,  for  instance,  ever  thinks  of  that  great 

granite  back-bone  of  the  County  of  Devon— 

D^irtmoor — e.xcept  as  a  run  for  sheep^  or  as  a 

grand  show-place  for  the  lovers  of  tnc  pictu- 

reaque  ?     No  very  uleep  researches  below  the 

surlaee  of  thin  eelebrate»i  moor  enable  us, 

however,  to  pe-rceive  wealth-pv    '    ^       t  int*.- 

rinls,  if  uot  so  readily  markt '  •  as 

valuable  tm  the  imme  nuuil>er  e-/     ,.i.,.     uteres 

in  Califorrim  itself ' 

Here,  in  tlie  mildest  climate  of  jill  K 
are  two  hundred  aud  sixty  thoi 
four  hundred  ami  twenty  b^^u 
waste  ground,  ever)'  ineh  of  which  ia  two 
thousand  feet  l>clow  the  point  at  which  com 
ceases  to  riiTen.  It  might  all  bear  luxuriant 
cereal  crops.  There  is  not  an  acre  of  it  which 
would  uot  raise  }Kilatoes  aud  turnips.  We 
oui-aelved  have,  thid  x'ery  year,  aeeu  greeti 
peas,  and  peas  in  bhx«m,  on  it  in  n..r..K, , 
The  n»yrtle,  always  the  test  of  a  ' 
nurturing  climate,  has  been  grown  h-  ,  j 
perfeotioD  on   Dartmoor  than  in  any  other 

flirt  of  England.  Mrs.  Bniy  mentions,  in  her 
ettrra  to  Southey,  four  of  these  trees,  from 
twenty-seven  to  thirty  feet  high,  and  of  from 
one-and  a-half  to  two  fe^t  girth  at  their 
bas<^.  Piue  grows  rapidly,  where  the  ex- 
iierimcnt  of  draining  and  phmtbg  ia  tried, 
\Vhile  for  animiU  life  the  climate  is  so 
favourable,  that  pulmonary  consumption  Is 
unknown  in  the  district.  Yet  this  Ktiglish 
Motitjwlier,  surrounded  by  a  dense  jiopular 
tion,  is  allowed  to  remain  a  vast,  unprofitable 
thoujjh  not  unproductive  moor. 
Of  this  immenae  tract,  Albcr^  Prince  ol 


r 


THE  DEVONSHIBE  DORADO. 


2G3 


Wales,  b  the  lord  of  one  hundred  and  axty- 
tax  thoui=iaiid  ocre^  The  Comuilasioncrs  &f 
WockU  and  Fore8t&,  with  the  Cliaiieullor  ol 
the  Duchy  of  Coniwail,  are  hL*  liwiU  ste^ardsu 
We  nr^  anxious  to  see  what  thuy  will  mnke 
of  that  which  might  rendvr  our  future  kii»g 
the  nch*at  i>riuc«  in  Europe,  and  raise  hia 
fortuno  for  above  the  necessity  of  auy  addition 
from  the  Exchequer. 

It  wofi  with  fotid  Batisfaction  that,  ou 
recently  viaitiug  Prince  Town,  in  the  centre 
of  this*  moor — ^where  formerly  teJi  thou&'tad 
French  pri»oncn4  were  kept — we  observed  the 
retililishnieTJt  which  hud  been  let  to,  and  j^veu 
up  by,  a  conipouy  for  the  manufacture  of 
oaphthx,  wnii  in  i"a.pid  course  of  re-conversion 
to  tlic  purposes  of  prison  iliijeipUnu.  The  ex- 
pernnent  of  making  crunlxials  auppuil  them- 
ittftvc'^,  in  phice  of  buffering  them  to  "  eat  off 
their  own  heads  "  and  a  hule  in  houeat  folks' 
pocket5,  is  about  to  be  liuily  trie<i.  The 
woi-at  dasses  of  convicts  are  to  \*e  marched 
out  daily,  under  military  inspection,  to  rechiim 
tlie  moor ;  and  already  two  huntlred  convicts 
are  on  the  spot,  selected  out  of  various  handi' 
crafts,  to  i»reimre  the  buildings  for  the  recep- 
tion of  the  rtjst.  Setting  aside  the  coumiercuJ 
results  to  be  ttntici[iated  from  this  measure, 
it  will  help  to  solve  the  gre^U^  problem,  *'  What 
shall  We  do  with  our  convicts  ?  *'  If  the  priu- 
ciplo  l>e  enforced  of  tnaklug  them  work  out 
thL'Lr  euKuicipjition  in  longer  or  shoi'ter periods, 
acctirdiu^  to  the  various  teiins  of  irnprisou- 
lucnt,  the  bust  step  towajds  the  reformation, 
co-iiiciileiit  with  the  punishment  of  the 
criminal,  ^viil  have  l»een  t^iken. 

Our  attention  to  the  subject  of  the  capabi- 
lities of  Dartmoor  has  just  been  revived,  by 
the  ifCent  aimounctment  in  the  Times,  of  the 
coiiii  '  i  proved  success  of  the  exjieri- 

nir;  .  Owen,  an   Irish  biudowuer  of 

1ai'j^<-  p  '  r.--iuJis,  Dr.  Hod^ejj,  Professor  of 
Agriculture  in  Queen's  College,  Belfast,  ruid 
Mesttira,  Coffey  and  Siuis,  fouudetl  upon  the 
disco\ery  of  Mr.  liees  Keece,  the  eminent 
eni^inetir  of  Loudon,  to  convert  peat  into 
v&Titable  ailides  of  commerce^  yielding  a 
cleai"  profit  of  cent,  jjcr  cent.  Although  the 
chief  object  of  theso  experiments  wjis  to 
i-entler  the  bogs  of  Ireland,  as  Mr.  O'Gor- 
man  M;ih«*ii  liypei'boUcally  expressed  it,  "  A 
perfect  Califonaia  to  the  nation,"  theii-  re- 
sults ai'e  not  less  applicable  to  tlie  case  of 
D.'U'tmoor. 

Dcsides  the  riches  to  be  culled  from  the 
surface  of  DiUtui<K*r,  the  exploitation  of  much 
wealth  from  beneath  the  surface  is  to  be 
exiJeeted.  The  strativ  abound  in  valuable 
lodes  of  tin  ore.  Tlie  unstnvtitied  formation 
is  equally  and  universally  rich  in  iacxliaust- 
ible  tracts  of  the  tinest  gi-anite,  of  the  kind 
of  which  is  composed  the  NeUoa  Column  iu 
Trafalgar  S<iu,ire,  in  London.  Asceiiding 
again  to  tJie  surtace,  we  find  that  when  fidly 
drained^by  tho  removal  of  the  peat  for  the 
porpoM  of  the  contemplated  profitable  manu- 
wctnre — many  thousrmd  acres  of  line  friable 


loaiD  will  bt}  uncovered  immediately  l>elow, 
capable  of  can'ying  crops  of  every  detiicriptlon 
of  agricidtural  produce  common  to  the  islauil; 
and  at  tine  south-westeni  extremity  of  tho 
region,  in  the  parish  of  Haugh,  within  seven 
uules  of  PlyuiOttth,  and  six  of  the  Plympton 
station  of  the  South  Devon  Railway,  (wliich 
commences  an  unbroken  line  of  nJl  fnim 
thence  tlu'ough  the  whole  interior  of  the 
country,)  is  to  be  fouud  an  uiexhaiuitible 
supply  of  the  vorj'  finest  fire-brick  earthy 
superior  in  quality  even  to  the  far-famed  brick 
caith  of  Stourbrid|;«. 

But  in  the  distnct,  popularly  known  as  that 
sulxlivision  of  this  region  which  is  designated 
I  Lea  Moor,  a  material  has  been  found  of  the 
j  most  vital  importance  to  one  of  the  m*j«t  pro- 
I  ductive  and  extensive  braDches  of  our  national 
I  industry. 

I  It  has  long  been  known  to  geologists  that 
I  a  powerful  chemical  agent  is  protluctd  by  the 
I  solution  of  peat  caused  by  the  liltration 
through  it  of  rain  water  ;  which,  falling  upon 
l^ranite,  decom[>oses  it,  and  dissolves  it  into 
Its  component  parts.  A  bed,  the  pixxluct  oi 
this  powerful  and  useful  agent,  nint}  huBdnod 
acres  in  extent,  and  of  an  ascertaindd  depth 
of  one  himdred  and  twenty  feet,  hM  been 
discovered,  wliich  on  l>eing  analysed,  is  found 
to  produce  a  virtually  inexhaustible  supply 
of  the  finest  porceialu  claj  perhaps  to  bo 
found  in  the  world.  It  has  been  oompai'ed 
by  Brogniart,  the  celebrated  manufactui^er  of 
Sfivres  J  Bethier,  and  others  ;  with  that  of 
St.  Irieux  in  France,  and  St,  Austell  in  Corn- 
wall, and  pronounces!  superior  to  either.  Ita 
extent  may  be  imagined,  when  it  is  known 
that  it  will  supply  twenty  thousand  tons  o^ 
Cluna  clay  annually,  for  a  pericnl  of  upwards 
of  two  thousand  years.  Then,  ns  to  the 
means  of  manufacture :  at  the  distance  of 
only  thirty  miles,  the  Eovey  'J  r  ••  '■ -iiit^e 
quarries  hup]ily  an  aiiicle  cmiu*  'ed 

for  bakinj5  earthenware  of  ever}  ..-...,  -n  ; 
and  as  it  IS  calcidated  that  every  ton  ui  \>iH  •  - 
lain  day  reo  aires  for  its  manufacture  n-  1^  c^t. 
four  tons  of  fuel,  the  Lee  Moor  beds  of  cby 
supply  the  only  link  necessaiy  to  i^aise  this 
countiy  to  the  highest  }x>int  of  pre  emineuoe 
ui  natural  capabmly  for  the  manufacture  of 
potteiy. 

It  may  well  excite  the  surprise  of  tlioao 
who  have  been  accustomed  to  wnt  '  *'  ^  r-pid 
progress  of  the  enterprise  and  »  iiT 

capitalists— that  Uie  resources  of  ;...^  ...,^  iis- 
trict,  susceptible  of  conversion  to  so  many 
useful  and  protitable  pui'posea — sJioulil  have 
hitherto  liecu  suffered  to  remain  comparatively 
undeveloped.  That  the  gi'eater  portion  of  it  b 
tlie  pi'operty  of  the  Crown,  and  has  been  lefl 
to  tue  maojigement  of  the  stewards  of  its 
hereditary  revenue^  may  perliaps  in  a  great 
measure  account  for  the  neglect  vliich 
has  hitherto  deprived  the  nation  of  the 
atlvantage  of  its  nmnarous  elements  of  pro- 
ductiveness. But  as  the  gUtge-nuunHj^v  vcl 
Mathews   "At  Homie;'  to\vau\jc4  \vaas«3>i  ^sst 


M 


L 


tf. 

ill. 

Aim 
'llin 

mir-  \\\ 


't;*\r  rjoi  naed  up  the 
Dfuimoor,  we  of  to- 

y  Imro  Urft  it  all  for  our  tiM&  aud 


-0  va«t  a  proportion  of 
I   npon  the  nvrmulkclurt? 
m  a  mole  hi  our  horizon, 
wt  ,  hiMimI  the  intnd'a  eye  of  the 

"•"  nut.     The  greater  the  number  of 

^>i  .  r  wlilfh  ihy  iiatiomil  industry'  is 

'liHii;..!^    1 1  .'   the   workers  at  the 

lU'Ti'V  of  11  >s  of  each.     A  failure 

in  U>ii  o«)l(.ni  riMi»  .^  we  ahowwi  in  a  recent 
Hrticli>,  proibiocs  iiiirtery  to  millions.  If  the 
uiVkwornm  wckeii,  or  sheep  die,  whole  counties 
arw  I'tmIhc*'*!  to  idU'iiess,  wnnt,  and  crime, 
\V»?  are  rdreacly  wiinied  of  the  danger  of 
too  nlwuhito  a  reliance  ujion  the  United  States 
for  a  8U]»ply  of  the  raw  material  of  our 
fita]tl6  mauufactnr^*  ;  «iid  the  competition  of 
forciirn  priMlucei"S  in  a  fa1>ric,  in  the  produc- 
tion of  which  we  do  not  coiuniand  mn>eriorlty 
in  uaturul  advanta'^cs,  has  already  driven  us 
out  of  many  neutral  markets,  ana  compelled 
tis  to  »eek  new  cnstfjmers. 

It  ia  the  ]ieculiar  exerllence  of  the  raanu- 
fadure  of  porcelAin  and  other  earthenware, 
that  the  iucrea^sijig  wealth,  civilisation,  and 
luxury  of  mankind,  rendei-a  the  confiumptlon 
of  nrtioles  which  have  risen  from  the  raidt  of 
liixuries  to  that  of  uecessjirie^  of  domestic 
liili,  capable  of  almost  indefinite  incrense ; 
that  oiir  native  producers  have  already  car- 
ii^^  the  art  to  aucli  a  point  that  while  in 
the  year  1640  we  imp*jrte<i  only  thirty- 
two  thouwuid  ponmLs  worth  of  earthenware, 
we  exported  sixty-one  million  pieces  of  the 
declared  %"alue  of  eight  hundred  and  seven 
thousand  |iourida ;  while  there  ia  no  de- 
partment of  iiationnl  industry  which  calls  into 
requisition  «uch  a  vaiiety  of  trades  and  occu- 
pationB.  The  raw  timterials  of  the  mauufnc- 
ture,  and  its  ancillary  appliaricps,  are  all 
within  the  island  itself,  and  none  of  them 
dej>end  fur  their  supply  upon  the  vicissitudes 
of  the  seasons.  The  coal  it  consunii's,  (ujd  its 
transport,  enrich  the  propri^^lor,  th<'  niincr, 
tlio  jM^irtt'r,  and  the  carrier  by  Lmil  aii^l  water. 
Pottery  ia  a  bulky  article,  and  occupies  in  its 
inland  or  foreign  transport  our  packers,  mil- 
ways,  canals,  and  shipping.  The  production 
and  carriage  of  the  clay,  flint,  anrl  eolLiteral 
substances  whicli  form  its  elements,  and 
which  are  all  t/idded  by  our  oicn  territori/, 
afford  empluynjcnt  to  our  labourers  of  the 
lU'jst  extensive  kind,  and  large  profits  to  our 
lando«iTiei'HJiDil<  '       .  while  Scien(^  and 

Art  are  Itberallv «  I  by  a  process  which 

calls  into  active  i  ...,.M-iL«-Mt  tlie  inventive  skill 
of  the  mechanician,  the  fliscoveries  of  the 
chemist,  the  tbiiuniaturijic  dexterity  of  the 
artisan  a«<l  mot^leller,  t  he  ta^rte  of  the  colouriat 
and  deaiguer,  and  the  higher  genius  of  the 
painter  and  the  sculptor. 


While  candor  wm«M  catf  VPMB  «■  to 

cede  to  forei|?ii  TiAl2^»at  am 

own  in   ill-    '  i 

science,  it   i  ullftr  wjcuillmor  ^  mtr 

pbilofiophF'] ».  .r,,M  ir.rir  setiStI*  «wl  klMPvMg* 
are  rcproductiv»«.  nnd  that  liavkif  eooificlled 
Nature  t^»  yield  up  tu  ihtni  hrr  McreCc.  they 
have  the  ability  t^  apply  thera  to  pmctical 
and  profitable  niu>«.  It  hi  also  the  provi- 
ilential  characteri.Ktic  of  scientific  •liscovety, 
that  it  is  generally  found  to  aubaerve,  not 
its  direct  object  merely,  but  to  l>e  ancillary 
to  the  farther  development  of  the  advan- 
tages of  fonuer  inventions. 

when  Mr.  Reece's  e\iH?rimenlB  shall  have 
been  auflicientlj'  coritided  in  by  the  commercial 
public,  to  induce  capitalists  to  convert  his 
experiments  into  facts,  Mr.  Eeece  will  not 
omy  substantially  centutde  the  value  of 
the  soil  and  enrface  of  Dartmoor,  but  th<j 
success  of  his  experiments  will  have  the  effect 
of  removing  the  *'  overburden  **  (as  the  supei'- 
soil  is  technically  termed  by  miners)  ('mm  the 
mineral  substances  which  it  nowencuml>ers,not 
oidy  without  the  present  ]u  bat  with 
positive  profit.  Ihefirer'  uiite,  jind 
porcelain  d  •  -:^  •  -'i  lie  iiiinuMiu.  ly  below 
the  peat  Tiv  Moor,  may  now  be  pro- 
duced at  a I  i..d  expense,  and  therRby 

cheapen  the  raw  material  to  the  manufactui"er, 
the  first  condition  of  an  exteiidcil  iU«»and  for 
his  earthenware. 

No  discovery  could  come  mor<s  tmportnnely 
for  the  weal  of  tlve  experiment  of  rendering 
convict  labour  productive  wjthmit  injury  io 
the   honest    poor.     C'rtmii  be    put 

to  the   rough   work  of  d   piluig; 

the  i>eat,  and  of  al\in-ib  r  .,  iinidiug,  and 
enclosing  the  open  »i  r.  i  >  tit  It  for  a^- 
cultural  purposes.  Wlnje  now  the  bittern 
and  the  fox  contend  with  the  moorland  slieef» 
for  a  s<:;anty  sxdwistence,  we  may  expect  to 
sec  fertile  farms  and  WTiving  com  ;  while  the 
wealth  which  lies  under  the  surface  will  )*e  in 
full  action  of  development,  to  the  pmetical 
ettect  of  adding  fr>ui"  huudre<l  and  tvrenty 
sipiare  miles  to  the  productive  acreage  of 
England.  Tt  is  not,  however,  the  sotiroes  of 
wealth  upon  the  earth  at  Dartmoor,  V>ut  to 
those  under  the  earth,  that  we  must  look,  to 
convert  the  forbidding  wajste  into  a  profitable 
and  genial  territor)- — into,  in  short,  n  Pkvojt- 
SHIRE  Dorado. 


THE    HOUSEHOLD    KARRATIVE 

OF  CtRKKNT  EVESTa 

*Vaw  r«rJ^  vtlA  Iht  ct$rretti  nvmhtr  «/  Cvrrf^  K*itnts, 

price  id,  taek, 

ram 

JANUARY,    reSRUARY,  AND    1WARCH   NUMBERS. 

On  Ihi  Iff  ofjtmmry,  1851,  iriY/  ht  t,uUi«ht4y 

THE    FIRST    VOLUME. 

BdaR'  %  compldto  Mid  otfufaUf-digiiilo*!  Aixkal  KRatflm 
oT  PubUc  OoQiuTDHoei,  Id  ercty  {mu^  of  ilw  Glotw,  duftiif 


fmktUhti  ttttt 


Urn,.  J4t  NaUiofftoa  Suwi  hvnu.%truii*   VmlaAWff  ft^nnknA-i  h  % 


Familiar  in  their  MoutfiM  ai  HOUSEHOLD   WORDS,*' — SttAKssruat. 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 

A  i;vt:ekly  jommAL 

CONDUCTED     BY    CHARLES     DICKENS. 


N**'  M.J 


SATURDAY.  DECEMBEK  14,  1650. 


[PfticBSd*. 


A  DECEIklBEE  VISION. 

I  SAW  ft  mighty  Spirit,  traversing  the  world 
withont  any  rest  or  pause.  It  was  oimii- 
present,  it  wiia  all-powerful,  it  had  no  com- 
punction, no  pity,  no  relenting  sens©  that  any 
appeal  from  any  f»f  the  race  of  men  could 
»*each.  It  was  in\'isible  to  every  creature 
bom  upon  the  earth,  save  once  to  each.  It 
turned  its  shaded  fece  on  whataoevei*  living 
tilings  one  time  ;  and  sti-aight  the  end  of  that 
thing  was  come.  It  passed  through  the  forest, 
and  the  vigorous  tree  it  lotiked  on  shrunk 
away ;  through  the  garden,  and  the  leavea 
]>erifl}ted  and  the  flowers  witbei-ed ;  through 
the  air,  and  the  eagles  flagged  upon  the  wing 
and  dropped  ;  through  the  sea,  and  the  mwn- 
stere  of  the  deep  floated,  great  wrecks,  u|X)n 
the  waters.  It  met  the  evea  of  lions  in  their 
laLrs,  juid  they  were  aust  ;  it«  ahadow 
d:irkened  the  faces  of  young  children  lying 
asleep,  and  they  awoke  no  more. 

It  had  its  work  appointed  ;  it  iaexorably 
did  what  vr^  appouited  to  it  to  do  ;  and 
neither  sped  nor  shvckened.  Called  to,  it  went 
on  unmoved,  and  did  not  come.  Besought,  by 
some  who  felt  that  it  was  drawing  near,  to 
change  its  course^  it  turned  its  shaded  face 
upon  them,  even  while  they  cried,  and  they 
were  dumb.  It  passed  into  the  midst  of 
palace  chambers,  where  there  were  lights  and 
music,  pictures,  diamonds,  gold  and  silver ; 
crossed  the  wrinkled  and  the  grey,  regardless 
of  them  ;  looked  into  the  eye«  of  a  bright 
bride  ;  and  vanished.  It  I'evealed  itself  to 
the  baby  on  the  old  crone's  knee,  and  left  the 
old  crone  wailing  by  the  fire.  But,  whether 
the  beholder  of  its  face  were,  now  a  King,  or 
now  a  labourer,  now  a  Queen,  or  now  a 
seamstress  ;  let  the  hand  it  palsied,  be  on 
tlie  sceptre,  or  the  plough,  or  yet  too  small 
and  nerveless  to  grasp  anything ;  the  Spirit 
never  paused  in  its  appointed  work,  and, 
sooner  or  later,  turned  it«  impartial  face 
on  all. 

I  saw  a  Minister  of  State,  sitting  in  his 
Closet ;  and,  round  about  him,  riring  from 
the  country  wliich  he  governed,  up  to  the 
Eternal  Heavens,  was  a  low  dull  bowl  of 
Ignonuice.  It  was  a  wild,  inexplicable 
mutter,  confused,  but  fiill  of  threatening, 
and  it  made  all  hearers'  hearts  to    quake 


VOL,   If, 


within  them.  But,  few  heard.  In  the  single 
city  where  this  IVlinister  of  State  was  seated, 
I  saw  Thirty  Thousand  children,  hunted, 
flogfi;ed,  imprisoned,  but  not  taught — who 
might  have  been  nurtured  by  the  wolf  or 
bear,  so  little  of  humanity  haJl  they,  within 
them  or  without^ — all  joining  in  this  doleful 
cry.  And,  ever  among  them,  as  among  all 
ranks  and  grades  of  mortals,  in  all  paits  of 
the  globe,  the  Spirit  went ;  and  ever  by 
thousands,  in  their  brutish  state,  with  all  the 
gifts  of  God  perverted  in  their  breasts  or 
tnmjpled  out,  they  died. 

The  Minister  of  State,  whcwe  heart  was 
pierced  by  even  the  littl«  he  could  hear  of 
these  terrible  voices,  day  and  night  risine  to 
Heaven,  went  ."unong  the  Prieat,s»  and  Teachers 
of  all  deouminatious,  and  faintly  said  ; 

"Harkentothisdreatifulcry!  Wliat  shall 
we  do  to  stay  it  ? " 

One  body  of  respondents  answered,  "  Teach 
tliie ! " 

Another  said,  "  Teach  that ! '' 

Another  said,  "  Teach  neither  this  nor  that, 
but  t'other  J  '* 

Another  quarri41e<l  with  ;dl  the  three  ; 
twenty  othera  quarrelled  with  aU  the  four, 
and  quarrelled  no  less  bitterly  among  them- 
selves. Tlie  voices,  not  stayed  by  tlm,  cried 
out  dav  and  night ;  and  still,  among  those 
many  thousands^  as  among  all  mankind,  went 
the  Spirit  who  never  rested  from  its  labour  ; 
and  stiU,  in  brutish  sort,  they  died. 

Then,  a  whisper  murmured  to  the  Minister 
of  State : 

"  Correct  this  for  thyself  Be  l>old  !  Silence 
these  voices,  or  virtuously  lose  thy  power  in 
the  attempt  to  do  it.  Thou  cans  t  not  sow  a 
grain  of  good  Ree<l  in  vain.  Thou  knowest  it 
well.     Be  bold,  and  do  thy  duty  I  " 

The  Minister  shrugged  his  shoulders,  and 
replied  "  It  ia  a  great  wrong — but  it  win, 
LAST  MT  TIME."  And  SO  he  put  it  fix»m 
him. 

Then,  the  whisper  went  among  the  Priests 
and  Teachers,  aa)ing  to  each,  "In  thy  aodl 
thou  knowest  it  is  a  truth,  O  man,  that  there 
are  good  things  to  be  taught,  on  which  all 
men  may  agree.  Teach  those,  and  stay  thia  , 
cry"  I 

To  which,  each  answered  ia  iVt^  TS«smsac,^ 
"  It  is  a  grea*,  wroi^^— wit  vt  ^ax  \Jist  tei 
Tima."     And  «>  he  put  Vt  ^om\i\nv. 


266 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


rO«aUtMtt4  hf 


I  saw  A  poisoned  air,  ia  wbich  Life  Jrooped- 
I  Btivr  Disease^  arrayed  in  all  its  store  of 
hideous  aspootft  ar-i  -  "•  aliapes,  trium- 
pliant  in  Hivory  all-  \\  court,  bjwk- 

pi.  ,.*   ..,.1   ,.    .,.  -i)  ^  .  .  t'lj  place  wkero 

I  d — iu  the  proudest 

iL.  I  ,  ,  moat  of  all.    I  saw 

itmuiiit-mhl*^  hosts,  tore-doomed  to  daa-kneas, 
dirt^,  pofutUtsuce,  obacenity,  misery,  and  enrly 
dwith.  I  saw,  wh«re8oevea^  I  looked,  amniag 
preparntiona  inftde  for  defaein|  the  Creator's 
Imago,  fi*oin  the  raomeut  of  its  appearance 
here  on  enrth,  and  stamping  over  it  the 
imtige  of  the  DeviL  I  aaw,  from  those  reek- 
'W]f  H0«1  peraicioua  ntews,  the  avenging  con- 

F^" -•■■■-'    of   such    Sin   iaeriiiiig    forth,   and 

[  _;  to  thu  highest  placea.     I  saw  the 

i  L    .lomi    in    their    htrength,    their 

II    we:dvenc<l    funl    withered, 
!  iilesousand  duughters  perish 

in  iheii-  piiiue.  I  sfiw  that  not  one  iiiiseT' 
Me  wretcli  breiathe^l  out  Ids  poisoned  life 
in  tbe  deci>e§t  eeUar  of  the  most  nei;lected 
town,  Vnit,  from  the  surrounding  atmosphere, 
>  fides   of  his  infection  were   borne 

iX'^ed  with  heavy  retribution  on  the 

There  were  many  attentive  and  alarmed 
persons  looking  on,  who  saw  these  things 
too.  Thev  were  well  clothed,  and  had 
pursefi  in  tiieir  pockets  ;  they  wei-e  educated, 
full  of  kin<luea.'*.  and  loved  mercy.  They 
aaid  to  one  another,  "  This  is  horrible,  and 
shall  not  be  !'*  atid  there  wa*  a  stir  among 
them  to  set  it  right.  But,  oppoaed  to  these, 
came  a  small  multitude  of  noisy  fools  and 
greedy  knaves,  whose  harvest  ^-as  in  such 
hoiTors  ;  jiiid  tliey,  with  impudence  and  ttn- 
moil.  and  witli  scurrilous  je«t«  at  misery  and 
deatli,  repelled  the  better  lookers-on,  who  soon 
fell  back,  and  stood  aloof. 

Then,  the  whisper  went  among  those  betters 
lookers-on,  saying,  "  Over  the  bodies  of  thoae 
fellows,  to  the  remedy  !*' 

But.  each  of  them  moodily  shrugged  his 
Nhonldera,  and  replied,  "  It  is  a  great  wrong 
— BUT  IT  WILL  LAirr  MT  TDTB  !"  And  so  they 
put  it  from  them. 

I  saw  a  great  library  of  laws  a»d  law- 
proceedings,  80  «j'om{>licat<5,d,  costly,  and  unin- 
telligible, that,  although  uumbera  of  lawyers 
unite<l  in  a  public  action  that  these  wci*e 
wonderfully  just  and  equal,  there  was  scarcely 
an  honest  man  among  them,  but  who  said 
to  his  friend,  privately  consulting  him^  "  Better 
put  up  with  a  fraud  or  other  uijurv'  than 
ei^}pe  for  redress  through  the  manifold 
blind  turnings  and  strange  chances  of  this 
system." 

1  saw  a  portion  of  the  system,  called  (of  all 
things)  Equity,  which  was  ruin  to  suitors,  iTiin 
to  ptopen^j  a  shield  for  wrong-doers  liaving 
moiaey%  a  rack  for  rightndoers  having  none  ;  a 
by-word  for  delay,  slow  a^ony  of  mind, 
deitpoir^  impoverishment,  tri^ery,  confusion, 
insupportable  injustices  A  main  part  of  it,  X 
Mxw  j3«i»QDers  wasting  in  jwl ;   mad  people 


Ivibbring  in  hospitals ;  suicides  chronicled  in 
the  yearly  records  •  orphans  robbed  of  their 
inheritance  ;  infants  righted  (perhaps)  when 
they  were  grey. 

Certain  Uwyers  and  layincn  came  together, 
and  said  to  one  aiiother,  "  In  only  one  of 
these  our  Courts  of  Equity,  there  are  years  of 
this  dark  perspeolive  before  us  at  the  present 
raoraent.     We  must  change  this." 

Uprose,  immediately,  a  throng  of  others, 
Secretaiie^  Petty  Bag«,  Hanapers,  Clmff- 
waxea,  and  what  not,  sinsing  (in  answer) 
"  Rule  Britannia,"  and  "  God  save  the  Queen  T 
making  flourishing  speeches,  pronoimcing  haiil 
nnniefl,  demanding  committeeSy  oommissiont. 
cc^mmisaioners,  and  other  scarecrows,  and 
terrifying  the  little  band  of  innovators  out  of 
their  five  wits. 

Tlien,  the  whisper  went  among  tiie  latter, 
a9  they  shrunk  back,  sajing,  "  If  there  is  an^ 
wrong  within  the  universal  knowledge,  this 
wrong  is.     Go  on  !     Set  it  right  I" 

Wliereon,  each  of  them  sorrowfully  throat 
his  liauds  iu  his  jx^ckets,  and  replied,  "  It  is 
indeed  a  great  wrong ;— but  it  will  last  mr 
TIMS !" — and  so  th^  put  it  from  them. 

The  Snirit,  with  its  face  coiic^ealed,  sum- 
moned  all  the  people  who  had  used  this 
phrase  about  their  Time,  into  its  presence. 
Then,  it  said,  beginning  with  the  Minister  of 
State: 

"  Of  what  duration  is  ytyur  Time  T  " 

The  Minister  of  Sti^te  replied,  "  My  ancient 
family  has  always  been  long-lived.  My  father 
died  at  eighty-four;  my  grandfatlier, at  ninety- 
two.  We  have  the  gont^  but  bear  it  (like  our 
honors)  many  years. 

*'  And  vou,'*  said  the  Spirit  to  the  Priesta 
and  Teactcns  "what  may  i/onr  time  be  t " 

Some,  believed  they  were  so  strong,  as  that 
they  should  niiml>er  many  more  years  than 
threescore  and  ten ;  others,  were  the  sons  of 
old  incnmbents  who  had  long  outlived  yoath- 
ftil  expectants.  Others,  for  any  means  they 
hail  ol  calculating,  might  be  long-lived  or 
short-lived — generally  (they  had  a  strong  per- 
suasion) long.  So,  among  the  weU-clotln*d 
lookers  on.  So,  among  the  lawycm  and 
laymen, 

'**  But,  every  man,  as  I  understand  you,  one 
and  alV  said  the  Spirit,  ^  has  his  time  t  ** 

**  Yes  !  '*  they  exclaimed  together, 

"Yes,"  said  the  Spirit;  «and  it  is— 
ETERymr  I  Whosoever  is  a  consenting  party 
to  a  wrong  comforting  liimself  with  the  base 
reflection  that  it  will  &5t  his  time,  shall  bear 
his  portion  of  that  wrong  throoghout  all 
Time.  And,  in  the  hour  when  he  and  I  stand 
face  to  face,  he  shall  surely  know  it,  as  my 
name  is  Death  !  '* 

It  departed,  turning  ita  shaded  fiice  hither 
and  thither  as  it  passed  along  npon  its  cease- 
leas  work,  and  blighting  aU  on  whom  it 
looked. 

Then  went  among  many  trembling  hearers 
the  whisper,  saying,  **See,  each  of  yon,  be- 
fore you  take  your  esse,  0  wicke<^  aelfbh, 


Chmitt  Uictaia 


A  SUBUEBAN  ROMA>'CE. 


se7 


men.   that  uhat    wiU  'hst  voar    time,'  be 
Juat  euough  to  liut  for  ever  ! 


A  SUBUBBAN  EOMANCE. 

Wbkn  I  beciuue  inoninbeiit  of  the  porochiid 
district  of  St.  Baruaba^  Copeuh^D  Lulbs,  I 
lodgtMi  in  Peppenuint  Plnce,  It  wm  then 
<si«e|}ifig  ltd  vfhy  into  the  fields,  with  the 
wfiMlteat  determination  not  to  st'Op  till  it 
bad  i«ached  Hi^gtit^.  The  brick-and-mor- 
tu*  invAskm  had  exteudcii  to  two  ranks  of 
housety  which  wei'e  then  in  all  oooditioDa, 
trom.  neat  amup  fini&h,  to  cheerltisa  roofle8»- 
Acaa.  When  I  went  to  take  the  rooms  in 
number  one,  on  a  drijudiug  all^noon,  my 
huidlord  was  pleased  U*  J6s\xn6  me,  while 
•weepiju;  his  arm  out  of  a  back  window 
«ver  ohmdfcape  in  the  last  stage  of  damp 
decay*  that  the  situation  was  **  imoommonlj 
eheerfiil."  The  view  oonsiated  of  a  few 
«iiaitiaatXed  garden  allotmeuta ;  a  superannu- 
ated mmmer-houBe  waa  Ijing  in  an  attitude 
of  titter  deepoodentij  agamet  a  deserted 
ipigftj;  bunches  of  drooping  hoU^rhocks, 
Dfokeii  do-^Ti  by  the  weight  of  their  miafor- 
tuncc^  wept  nun-drope  ;  patchee  of  tlie  cab- 
liige  and  other  greens  were  sicklied  over 
with  the  pale  caat  of  lime  and  mortar ;  and 
tiilipa  struggled  up  out  of  their  beds  between 
bricK-bata,  in  the  last  afoniea  of  atran^^ula* 
Hon.  This  uncommoidy  ^cheerful  situatioa  ^* 
waa  finished  off  in  the  back  ground  by  a  damp 
and  ragged  hedge ;  the  whole  presentibg  a 
▼ivid  ubleau  of  the  insatiable  Ogre^  Town, 
flwallowing  np  the  passive,  pafitond,  Country. 

The  chief  attraction  frt>m  my  sitting'room 
waa  a  clayey  slough)  in  which  a  oouatant  suc- 
oeaaioo  of  brick-«ana  were  eontiniiaily  stuck 
during  all  the  ^  •  jrking  honra  of  the  day  ;  yet 
the  boundary'  to  this  prospect  waa  £u*  &om 
uninviiing.  Sevrr^  of  the  oppoeite  houaea 
were  finiahed  and  inhabited.  The  neate»t  and 
prettiest  of  tltem  was  that  immediately  fjswung 
my  room.  If  window  eurtaius  were  ever 
made  of  woven  snow,  that  must  have  been  the 
material  of  thoae  at  the  tir5t-fl*:x>r  window  of 
that  modeat  habitatioQ  ;  —  they  were  ao 
white  and  trELnsparoot  There  wa«  such 
vmriety  in  their  arrangement :  so  much  taste 
in  the  disposition  of  the  crocosM  and  snow- 
drope  in  the  wiodow-aill ;  audi  tvideot  plea- 
sure taken  in  concealing  the  wires  of  the 
Urd  cage  in  im^mptu  arboura,  now  of 
l^eramum,  now  of  myrtle,  or  else  by  an 
uttertwining  of  cut  p'rimroaea-^that  I  waa 
irresistibly  reminded  of  one  of  those  ebami- 
img  little  cottage  windows  in  the  aeeoea 
of  a  French  vaudeville.  Noi*  waa  this  impres- 
sion weakened  when  I  occaaionally  espied — 
hot  very  seldom — between  the  rows  of  bob- 
fringe  thai  dangled  merrily  from  the  curtains, 
the  face  of  a  lovely  brunette,  framed  in  ban- 
(Uti^x  of  jet  hair,  and  illnminated  l^  a  pair  of 
pierdng  black  eyea. 

What  buay  eyes  they  were!  Thoi^^  I 
seldom  saw  them^  I  coaJd  see  what  they 


doing  all  day  h)ng ;  Ibr,  every  tiling  being  dark, 
as  if  to  correspond  to  them,  (their  owner  ym 
in  mourning),  I  could  observe  the  pi  ' 
how  the  little  lady  in  black  em})loyedBi 
behind  the  film  of  white  cmtain.  She 
inoeisantly  bending  over  a  tjame,  and  I  C'ftuld 
guecB,  from  the  motion  of  the  arm  nearest  the 
window,  that  she  embroider^*!,  or  did  some- 
thing c^  that  sortf  all  day  Li^ug.  Now  and 
then  the  hand  appeared  to  move  higher  than 
the  frame,  and  1  Bupposed,  from  the  angle  c/' 
the  elbow,  that  she  was  preaung  it  against 
her  over-wrought  eyes.  Poor  girl! — No 
wonder  if  they  ached  ;  for,  from  morning  till 
evening,  f^very  day,  except  Sundays,  during 
all  that  cold  and  cheerlea  spring,  she  was  to 
be  seen  in  busy  motion.  Except  «n  Sunday 
momiuga — I  suj^toee  to  go  to  chnrch^— «he 
never  went  abroad ;  and  no  other  liviqg  soul 
was  ever  observed  in  her  room. 

In  the  oouzse  of  mon^iifi,  my  observatioua 
of  the  captivating  Siuiouiote  —  so  I  had 
nicknamed  the  little  black  prctfde  —  were 
more  6^queut  than  polite.  The  ilelicioos  little 
gauze  of  mystery  which  half-veiled  her,  piqued 
ray  curiosity;  and  I  could  safely  indulge 
in  it,  as  my  draperies  were  much  lees  aenal 
than  hera.  Though  the  eait  wind  blew  with 
ooDtiuued  intensity,  and  it  was  quite  an  eiicurt 
to  leave  one's  fireside^  she  was  never,  during 
daylight,  away  firom  her  window.  Some- 
times I  could  distinguish  that  she  paused, 
leaat  her  head  ou  be^^  "■"  '?id  gazed  with 
earnest  intensity  dire*  where  I  aat. 

Then,  as  if  suddenly  -—-_.:-  -.-  the  act,  she 
would  turn  like  lightning  to  her  fi'ame,  and 
the  little  black  aim  would  move  up  and  down 
with  tmuanal  rapidity.  Thexe  was  a  curious 
drctmiatance  ooonected  with  theie  fits  of 
abstraction  and  starts  of  work  :  I  rensrked 
that  they  happened  inverselv  to  the  pro- 
ceedings of  my  clever  young  Lti  "  '  "low 
(an    in-layer,   carver,    .ind    cat  r); 

for,  during  the  moments  of  m;  ^e'a 

fascination,  his  saw,  his  chisel.  or 

hammer  were  in  full  and  noisy  op<.. . —  i^ ,  onA 
it  waa  exactly  at  the  instant  that  either  of 
these  tools  were  laid  down  and  the  aomiid 
ceased,  that  my  little  lady  resumed  her 
work  I  was  convinced  one  morning  that 
this  coincidence  waa  no  mere  fancy.  I  had 
by  this  time  got  used  to  the  noises  in  the 
aliop  below,  and  could  «iistlngulsh,  on  the 
forenoon  referred  to,  that  friend  Bevil  was 
making,  at  esch  stroke  of  his  plane,  very  long 
ahavinga.  While  trying  to  guess,  from  the 
sounds,  the  length  of  the  plank  he  was 
smoothing,  I  observed  the  dsDisel  opposite 
tracing  an  embroidery  pattern  against  the 
glasa.  The  tracing  goea  on  well  enough  for 
awhile ;  but,  present^,  the  leftrhand  is  lifte.i 
to  the  little  head,  the  tip  of  the  elbow  reiti 
against  the  window-frame,  tbe  tracing  haiiipi 
against  the  glass  by  tlie  point  of  the  pencil 
held  in  the  other  hand  ;  and  the  black  e\es 
pour  their  rays  straight  into  the  window 
below  me.    The  bi^  dskSwVn^^KSiVMcvwl^fiL 


d 


^ 
^ 


^ 


with  vigorous  regularity  ;  but,  hark  ! — the 
plane  is  eudUenly  arre«ted  half  way  ! — and 
gee,  tlie  tniciii^  and  pencil  instantaneously 
drop  from  the  glass  oppoeite,  and  tlie  piqnaiit 
little  artist  raniahei?  like  ma^c  frora  the 
wiodow.  PreaeJitty  the  planing  goes  on  a^^in 
with  a  alow  and  pensive  irregularity  that 
makes  me  feel  tiuitiL!  low-spirited. 

Although  mine  was  a  ^xastoral  as  well  a&  an 
ecclefiiftstical  charge  of  the  St.  Barnabas  dis- 
trict, and  I  was  bf>und  to  watch  over  my  flock, 
yet  it  m&Y  be  said  that  such  close  HcruUny  of 
my  neighboure  aa  that  which  I  have  confessed 
waa  scarcely  dignified  in  a  clerg\Tnan  ;  but 
it  raiiat  be  remembered  that  whatl  have  here 
brouglit  together  in  a  short  space  was  spreafl 
over  several  months.  Nor  did  the  arduous 
duties  of  a  new  district  admit  of  much  idle 
window  gazing.  My  church  wivs  only  a  tem- 
porary one^aud  I  made  it  my  business  to  call, 
in  BQCcession^  on  my  pai'lshioners,  not  only  to 
make  myself  penjonaJly  acqiminted  with  each, 
but  to  imkato  them  to  worship.  I  began  this 
mission  at  home  ;  for,  although  ray  landlord's 
mother  was  a  reguhir  attendant  at  churchy 
the  son  neirer  once  mude  his  appearance 
within  iU  walls. 

Old  Ifra,  Bevil  was  a  large  ohl  lady  of 
painfully  timid  temperament,  whose  existence 
was  passes.!  in  one  of  the  sunken  kitchenn,  and 
whose  miaaion  tm  eailh  was  ap^mrently  to 
cook  glue  ftir  her  son,  vuuch.siilitig  any  of  the 
time  to  be  spared  between  the  steaming  of 
the  pots,  in  attendance  nf>on  me.  One  Satur- 
day morning  I  expresKK^l  my  regret  to  her 
that  BO  excellent  luid  industrious  a  mm  should 
appear  to  l:>e  negligent  to  his  Sabl>ath  iluties. 

"  He  ian^t  I  »iik\  Mrs.  Bevil,  sidling  to- 
wards the  door,  and  feeling,  with  a  hauif  out- 
stretched liehind  her,  for  the  handle. 

I  stionld  mention  that  Mrs.  Bevil  was  BO 
much  "  put  out  "  when  spoken  to  by  anyone 
above  her  in  station,  that  when  you  showed 
symptoms  of  engaging  her  in  talk,  she  winced 
and  made  artful  efforts  to  escape—like  acliild 
when  a  rlentist  exhibits  hia  inatroments, 

"  What  church  does  he  go  to  f" 

*♦  French  Pi-otestant." 

"  Indeed !  then  be  is  convei-saiit  with 
French  ]" 

Mrs.  Bevil  ha^l  by  this  time  found  the  door- 
knob, and  had  turned  it.  Her  confusion  was 
so  greaty  that  her  fiice — never  very  pale — 
glowed  hke  a  live  coal 

**  Of  course/*  I  repeated,  "  aa  your  son 
attends  a  French  place  of  worship,  he  mider- 
stands  French." 

In  the  midst  of  her  bewilderment  Mi-a. 
Bevil  st^immered, 

'*  Yes — French  polishing." 

I  dared  not  smile,  lest  the  ignorant  old 
soul's  shame  should  overwhelm  her ;  so  in 
ortler  to  appear  to  change  the  subject  without 
acnally  dicing  so,  I  asketi  if  she  knew  any- 
thing of  the  mysterious  young  ludy  opposite  T 

The  old  woman  curtseyed  herself  backwards 
into  the  opening  of  the  iloor,  and  having  felt 


that  retreat  was  practicable,  she  said,  "  Please 
Sir ;  no,  Sir  ; "  and  vanishetl  ¥rith  the  rapidity 
of  a  mouse,  let  out  of  a  lion's  cage. 

It  was  not  ditficult  to  guess  why  young 
Bevil  preferred  the  French  churdi  to  my  own. 
I  had  never  doubted  that  the  charming  em- 
broideresa  opposite  was  a  foreigner.  She 
worahipped  m  a  hiuguage  she  imderstood 
best ;  and  her  admirer— more  in  obedienc® 
to  his  silent  pnfision  than  his  spiritual! 
duties  —  followed  her  thither  to  worship 
htr.  On  ex|>atiating  one  day,  however,  on 
the  BLQ fulness  of  Sabbath-breaking,  he  par- 
tially disarmed  me  by  owning  that  he  mul 
been  assiduously  learning  French  in  order  to 
understand  and  join  in  the  service,  I  made 
not  the  slightest  allusion  to  the  charmiuj^ 
Silhouette ;  for  I  saw  from  his  nervous  and 
blushing  manner,  that  it  was  too  deep  an 
aflliir  with  him  to  be  lightly  touchetf.  T 
ascertained  that  although  he  saw  his  adored 
chuly.  and  followed  her  weekly  to  chui-ch,  he 
had  never  had  courage  to  spenk  to  her,  or  to 
address  her  in  any  way  whatever. 

My  interest  in  this  almorbing  case  of  ailenC 
love  deei>enetl  daily,  I  pitied  young  BeviL 
fc5upjK>sing,  after  he  hiu\  proceeded  to  the  ex- 
tremity of  avoweil  courtship,  his  idol  should 
prove  a  wicked  little  French  coquette,  and 
jvlt  him  ?  Such  a  presentiment  did  not  want 
foundation.  Although  the  summer  had  ar- 
rived— and  warmer,  more  congL^nial  weather 
I  never  reraernhjer — the  Silhouette  diaappea,red 
entirely  fsrnn  liehind  the  fairy  curtauas. 
During  all  the  aAd  wejither,  when  she 
must  have  shivered  to  sit  there,  she  was 
never  absent ;  but  now,  when  the  window  is 
the  only  endurable  nart  of  a  room,  she  is 
utterly  invisilile.  Is  she  skilfully  manoeuvring 
Love's  delicate,  senaitivia  telegi*aph,  conscious 
that  she  has  secured  her  victiju  ;  and  now, 
after  the  manner  of  tinished  coquettes,  does 
she  leave  him  to  pine  in  the  throes  of  liopele«« 
despair  ?  Or,  dounta  she  the  tnith  and  ardency 
of  his  love,  as  expressed  by  hia  silent  watchinga 
of  her  window,  and  by  his  regular  churcn- 
gotngs ;  and  does  she  disappear  from  his 
longing,  lo\ing  looks  to  lure  mm  to  the  overt 
act — a  verbal  declaration  ?  If  the  latter^ 
her  tactics  will  fail.  Young  Bevil's  pasaioo 
is  not  a  mere  flash  of  romance  j  it  is 
earnest  and  practical.  He  does  not  stand  idly 
gazing,  and  sighing,  and  hoping,  and  deepaii*- 
mg.  The  more  be  loves  the  harder  he  works. 
Until  he  baa  placed  himself  in  a  position  to 
speidc  to  her  with  confidence  as  to  the  futuiT, 
he  will  be  silent. 

Here  I  am  probfibly  asked,  how  could  I 
know  ail  tliis  I  I  answer,  from  sul»tantial 
evidence.  When  one  sees  a  man  ruiming  a 
race,  it  is  certitin  that  there  is,  far  or  near,  a 
goal.  Young  Bevit  raced  manfully,  and  the 
winning-post  he  kept  hi  view  was  matrimony. 
R'U'lvajid  late  his  tools  were  audible,  not  onlv 
to  ol)ta.in  capitjil  in  money,  but  to  proviso 
property  of  his  own  handy-work.  When  I 
first  took  his  lodgings,  they  were  scantxl/ 


-1 


OtckmiL  I 


A  SUBURBAN  ROMANCE. 


iknUBh^ ;  hut  the  rootua  were  rapiiUy  filled 
up ;  evidently  not  for  m*f  use  auJ  pleasure. 
Tlie  capacioua  t«a-caddy,  ciiiiou^ly  iiibjil  and 


aplendidly  mounted,  did  not  signify  much  to 
me  ;  neither  was  1  ever  likely  \<^  r'equii^  the 
Gothic  work-tabk*  that  \  fmuid  one  evening 
»li<J,  a»  if  by  accideut,  into  »  reoess ;  and 
to  what  earthly  u»e  coidd  a  bachelor  in 
lc»dgiDg8  put  that  frame  on  swiveU,  stu<lded 
$i!i  round  with  cribbiige-pega,  that  looked  like 
A  vwing-cheval  without  its  glass  1  In  fihort, 
every  addition  to  the  garniture  of  the  apiirt- 
menta  was  of  the  feminine  gender.  I  looketl 
uyon  theae  novelties  a£  so  many  notices  to 
quit  y  for  I  did  not  doubt  that  the  rooms  were 
being  quietly  pix'pared  for  a  more  cherished 
occupint.  TliiA  supposition  was  confirmed, 
when,  curiosity  prompting  me  to  examine 
tht  work-table,  I  saw,  exquisitely  inlaid 
in  cjpher  on  the  inside  of  the  lid,  the  word 
"  Manette." 

All  thia  while,  the  Silhouette  remained 
obstinately  invisible.  For  a  few  Sundays  fihe 
continued  to  go  to  church,  but  so  thickly 
veileil  that  a  si^ht  of  her  face  was  imposaible. 
Still  he  followed  ;  but  refrained  from  speaking. 
Tlie  time  had  not  come.  He  would  not  offer 
his  rough  but  hone.<it  hiiuil  while  yet  without 
a  home  to  which  it  could  lead  her. 

Pcjor  BevU  had  soon  to  live  on  not  only  in 
Bilent,  but  in  sightleaa,  despair;  the  little 
black  profile  ceased  to  appear  not  only  be- 
hind her  snowy  tnumparenciea,  but  bodily  on 
Huiidaya.  Prom  this  time  Bevil's  intelligent, 
but  sad  and  thoughtful  features  struck 
me  with  pity ;  I  could  not  but  see  that 
he  was  staking  his  hopes — his  very  ex- 
istence— on  a  cast,  which  might  turn  up  a 
deadly  blank. 

On  one  occasion,  my  hopes  revived  for  him. 
It  was  towards  the  close  of  a  lovely  summer's 
day.  The  whiteness  of  the  gossamer  curtains 
made  them  dazzle  in  the  sun.  The  figure  in 
black  approached  ;  and  after  a  hesitating 
interval  appeared  in  distinct  outline  close 
behind  tlie  giiuze.  All  this  while,  the  sharp 
cuts  of  Be\'u'8  chisel  were  audible  in  busy 
succeawon  under  me.  The  Silhouette's  eyes 
only,  appeared  just  tilwve  the  short  curtain, 
darting  a  long,  devouring  gaze  upon  the 
toiler  :  they  wei^  red  ;  a  handkerchief  was 
pressed  closely  to  her  fiwe.  The  chiiiel  gae^ 
on  chipping  away,  without  one  intermission, 
I  would  give  a  quarter's  stipend  if  BevD 
would  only  be  idle  for  a  second,  and  look 
Up  ;  for  as  the  gazer  strains  her  eyes  upon 
him,  tears  pour  out  of  them,  and  sparkle  in 
the  sun  like  falling  diamonds,  Freseutly  she 
sinks  into  a  chair,  as  if  overcome  with  grief ; 
and  disjvj>pears.  With  this  anyoigh,  what- 
ever its  unmediate  c^use,  I  felt  certain  that 
BevU  vioA  connected. 

"  Sui'ely  this  mystery  is  not  impenetrable. 
1  mil  im ravel  it.  *  Accordingly,  nert  morn- 
ing I  took  our  opi>osiie  neighbours  out  of  the 
r«tSuUr  order  of  my  viaita,  called,  and  ques- 
tioned the  woman  who  rented  the  house.    I 


learnt  that  the  girl's  name  leru  3f  anettt^.  Shr) 
was  an  orphan  :  her  father,  a  French  t«*acher. 
had  dieil  recently  in  a  hospital.  Her  em- 
broidery was  fetched  and  cariied  to  and  from 
the  warehouse  by  my  informant**  husband. 
Her  industry  wjw  extraonlinary,  and  she 
earned  a  comfortable  sul^sistence.  I  asked  to 
see  her,  but  was  told  she  atlraitteil  no  perswn 
whatever  into  her  room.  Of  late,  eajjecially, 
hhe  c^jncealed  her  face,  with  an  apparent  dread 
»,)f  being  reco^iised  b}'  strangers. 

My  inquiries,  therefore,  darkened  rather 
than  cleared  up  the  mystery.  Ai»  I  lefl  the 
hnu.ne,  1  ol>8erved  that  my  ikncUord  had  been 
watching.  He  looked  wistfully  into  my  face  <w 
I  p/iased  him  on  the  doorstep,  and  I  answered 
his  ailent  ai>peal  by  desinng  nim  to  follow  me 
to  my  room. 

A  very  short  conversation  proved  that  all 
my  observations  and  de^luciiona  had  been 
correctly  maitle.  He  owned  everytliing.  It 
was  painful  to  see  a  fine,  muaeularj  hand- 
some miui,  suffused  with  the  shame — ^honest 
shame  though  it  wn-s — trembling  with  the 
weakness  we  only  expect  from  young  im- 

Imlaive  gii'ls.  I  reasone<J  with  him.  I  showed 
lim  the  full  risk  he  ran  in  nurturing  so 
Eerfect  an  ideal  out  of  a  mere  image  ;  for  to 
im  Manette  was  nothing  more.  I  pointed 
out  the  utter  tiseleasness  of  his  self-impoeed 
penance.  She  might  bo  all  he  thought  her ; 
she  might  be  everything  the  reverse.  How 
could  he  know  without  some  acqiuuntance- 
ship  ?  It  would  be  madneea  to  give  rashly  a 
pledge  of  matrimony  without  some  probation. 

In  the  end  he  promised  to  tir  and  see 
Manette  the  following  day  ;  and,  deacendtng 
to  his  shop,  workeil  away  harder  than  ever. 

Even  now  I  see  Bevil  as,  next  morning  he 
stood  at  the  door  opposite.  His  lips  quiver  ; 
but  hiH  brijw  ezpi^edses  a  film  but  anxious 
purpose.  The  woman  who  a^lmita  him  tells 
him  something  which  surprises  and  disap- 
point? him.  Manette,  for  the  first  time  for  a 
month,  has  gone  out. — The  next  day  was 
Sunday,  and  the  lover  abstained  fi'om  in- 
truding himself  On  the  Mondny  he  had  u 
little  success.  In  the  evening  he  con»ulte<i 
me  as  to  what  he  had  better  to.  Should  he 
wiite  ? 

I  advisied  him  by  no  means  to  commit  him- 
self ;  and  offere<i  if  he  would  wait,  I  would  use 
the  influence  of  my  cloth  to  obtain  an  inter- 
view for  him.  When  the  morning  came,  Bevil 
desired  to  accompwiny  me.  He  would,  he  said, 
go  himself;  but  would  feel  comforted  and 
fortified  by  the  sanction  of  my  presence. 

Accordingly  we  sallied  forth  across  the  road 
at  noon  the  next  morning.  I  would  not  wait 
to  hear  the  answer  of  the  lamllady ;  but, 
pushing  by  the  drix-er  of  a  spring  enrt 
that  had  just  stopped  at  the  horiBe,  went 
straight  up  to  Manette's  door.  Bevil  followetl. 
I  knocked ;  no  answer.  Not  a  sound  withia 
I  knocked  again,  and  quietly  calleti  her  by 
name.  Utter  silence.  I  then  tried  the  door  ; 
it  yielded,  and  we  entered. 


1 


270 


HOrSEHOLT>  WOEPS. 


lObAnrli^Vy 


I 


I. 


Tlie  picture  of  neatnt^its  nnd  prft  tin  ess  which 
1  \iw[  iln*wu  iin  ('xiatinj^'  Viohinfl  those  tlnmtv 
inuHliu  curtniaa  woa  nut  ivaliaeti.  It  wna 
lud.  e^l  rtverrf^t].  The  room  wan  in  the  greatest 
tvnrnMliin,  and  untena.nt<*'l-  **  Wliy  you  se4^, 
Sij„''  wud  the  Woman  of  the  house  who 
iiaiJ   ^'    '   ♦'■■      ;rtt>r  np  l»i ) -' »  ..     ••  A! 

i\M\i  th*'    fil-nt 

iHor  ]  her  bits  n.     ....._.  ; 

to  get  the  Botii  bcul  oiji 
Icet),  tmd  never  g;ive  us  n^ 
tiolirv  iti  a  rtrj^fuiar  way  (nvw  uiind  the  walU 
witli  them  aaucejMuiij),  lefwitways  not  a  week's; 
Itut  my  hufib»n*I  never  went  for  to  charge  her, 
]MH>r  thing,  fur  she  |>al<l  u»  jmnotiial  aa  tlie 
Momhiv  inonnua:  cimi — allays," 

"Hiu»  «he   Iia   her   pn/Rfiit   aihlreBs  ? "   I 

"  O  tlear  no,  quitti  oontrn-ry.     Snvs  ahe  to 

fi..-     ,...\.w    Jm- — h:i^i^K,iy-    M^    vv<,-l)     Its    1    COUhi 

•.  and  »he  had 
?  ^       her  fact* — Mrs. 

Biinkiiiaon/'  aiiya  she,  "  dun'l^^*  m\B  she, 
**  ftnswer  no  questions  as  mav  Iw  naked  iihout 
me.  1  am  a  going,**  8ay»  ad^,  "to  where  I 
ho[»e  nolvMly  nif^y  find  me  out."  And  then 
t  door  to,  and  I  never  see 
r  shall/' 

I  inMKcu  ;m  iKvii.  He  Wft3  shivering  aa  if 
an  icy  eldll  had  biruck  to  his  heart.  He 
looked  round  tlie  room  alowly,  vacantly.  The 
bird  was  lying  at  the  l>ottoiu  of  its  cage^ 
doad.  The  llowera,  no  longer  tended,  were 
diYn»ping,  He  j*tret«.ihed  forth  his  tri?FnbIiag 
hjincl,  and,  pluckiag  a  geranium,  put  it  into 
his  boftom.  He  tlu-n  turned,  and,  without 
i,pe?Jdng,  descende<i  the  staii-s.  WiMi  un- 
steady  gait  ho  entered  Ida  own  house. 

For  more  than  a  week  I  tuitu9e<l  the  sounds 
'  w.  Bevil  had  gone  *itrai^ht  to  hia 
,  and  hail  not  left  it  smce.  His 
ill'..  II'  I  uow,  instead  of  tending  him  with  ghie- 
jkjI  Sy  was  conatantly  on  the  ataira  with  broths, 
itnd  coliee,  and  tea^  and  a  variety  of  other 
sloppy  tusteutation  ;  but  her  son  would  pai- 
take  of  them  but  very  Bparingly.  I  deter- 
niined  to  rouse  him,  and  advi»ed  that,  as  he 
would  not  or  could  not  work,  an  active  search 
after  the  lost  damsel  was  better  than  stolid, 
inactive  grief.  Thie  rouiieil  him^  and  he 
followed  cay  advice. 

Weajy  &y»  and  wear^  weeks  were  spent 
in  the  aearch.  The  Guniiing  Silhouette  eluded 
him  as  if  ah'^  had  U»eu  an  OmLrc  Chinaut, 
Bevil  first  addressed  hinjself  to  the  shop  for 
wiueh  Manette  ha<l  wtirked.  The  master 
of  it  Mtid  that  he  never  saw  Manette  but 
gncc,  aud  then  she  came  with  specimens  of  her 
enibroidery,  t«  get  more.  It  wtis  eo  good  that 
he  luul  employed  her  ever  since,  and  wjuj  both 
siu'prised  und  cljiiLifrined  at  her  sudden  deser- 
tion. He  liad,  through  her  landlord,  offered 
h«r  a  good  salary  to  work  at  his  house,  ajid 
ha*l  hoped  ahe  would  accept.  Her  strange 
diBappearanoe  was  therefore  the  more  uuac- 
counUble. 

The  clergyman  of  the  French  church,  when 


was  as   suri>rised   as  h^f 

nbo^TT**:*  fffirrii  ^»»mee  and 

was  a 

I      Ho 


Bevil   f 
K.vi«r  nt 

communion,     in  i1 

regular  and  deepl 

Could  give  no  intoniu»Ti.-i!.  ' '   'lo 

officers  of  the  hospital,  wher<  ,  •* 

)' "^  ■'■  d  in  the  winter  (of  irti.-i..  i^r^^i   ,1^0 

i  I.  give  him  comfort. 

e  is  nothing  for  it,**  I  told  him  one 

f  time  an*l  work." 

I  nfter  a  time  resume  his  wotIl  but 
them/unds  given  out  from  his  bench  ninae  m© 
melancholy.  Hia  tools  were  t.oken  up,  used 
and  laid  down  with  a  slow,  intermittent 
aj)athy,  which  showed  that  the  heart  and  the 
hands  did  nut  '    r. 

Work,  on  1 1  y^  grew  so  fast  on  >wy 

hands,  that  1  lu.i  ii>  uad  time  for  sleep.     '" 
successor  to  the  curacy  I  had  left  in  Son 
wark  was  taken  ill,  and  besid*'*  "iv  .m^i 
I  had  volunteered  to  do  a  ] 
occasionally  consisteti  in  adm 
lation  imd  prayer  to  the  inmates  of  one  of  the 
Borough  hospitals. 

During  one  of  my  visits  to  the  female  witrd, 
I  was  attmcted  by  a  few  words  which  fell 
fhjtm  the  clinical  lecturer  who  wna  addressing 
a  knot  of  ]>upils  standing  at  the  b'^d  on  a  eaa^ 
of  tumour  of  the  face.  He  had,  in  fkct, 
(warming  with  his  subject),  glided  from  an 
explanation  of  the  operation  whioli  hatl  been 
jierforraetl  and  of  the  aftert rent m cut,  to  an 
mvoluntaiy  eulogium  ou  the  beauty  of  the 
patient,  wliich  the  consecjuences  of  the  disease 
and  its  remedy  tended  to  impair.  1  got  a  peep 
at  the  damsel  between  the  shoulders  of  a 
c<mple  of  the  shortest  of  the  liMeners,  and 
saw  jufit  above  the  bedclothes  (which  were 
held  up  with  extreme  rigidity  and  care  to  con- 
ceal the  lower  part  of  the  face)  a  pair  of  fami- 
liar black  eyes?  They  quite  thrilled  through 
mo.  The  students  were  diamisse*! ;  and  I 
overheard  a  sweet  voice  ask  **  if  zat  scar '* 

*•  Don't  let  it  trouble  you  for  one  instant,** 
said  Dr.  Fleam,  as  he  left  the  bed-«ide ;  ''  it 
will  hardly  be  riiuble,  and  in  a  week  you  will 
be  as  well — and  as  Pjjetty — as  ever.'* 

I  looked  a^in.  Those  piercing  black  eyea 
met  mine  poxm-blank.  Tuere  wi«  a  Bcream^^ 
smothered  by  the  Vxidclothes — under  which 
the  head  was  instantly  popped. 

But  that  WJ.S  enough.  1  felt  coovinced  that 
Manette  was  found. 

Alxiut  a  month  from  that  date  there  waa 
joy  at  No.  1,  l'ei>Derniint  Flace.  It  is  No- 
vember :  on  one  siae  of  my  fireplace  sit  Bevil 
and  Manette.  Old  Mrsi.  Bevil  has  gradually 
pushed  her  chair  b:u"k  to  the  window ;  anil 
01 1  by  bit  has  ni^  ^  of  the  cui'trdn, 

until  Abe  \h  comp;  .on  behind  it  in 

that  comfoiiable  obscuiitj  ui  which  she  alone 
delights.  They  had  fi;>8«mbled  to  heai'  a 
lecture  from  me. 

*•  Personal  vanity/'  T  beflan  with  all  the 
aolemuity  to  V^  invoked  in  %e  presence  of  a 
pair  of  eyes,  which  sparkled  so  with  joy,  that 


UMfiui.] 


BACK  STREET  CONSERVATORIES, 


?J 


I 


it  Btemcd  itupoaeible  for  their  tniatreas  to 
•chool  aod  t€mper  them  to  the  occ&sioo — 
•'the  '.  '"  mere  pei^aonal  comeliness  hftd 

lM*r]  •  the  happiness  of  hM>th  of  you, 

BecAUac  ^uu,  Iklikoette,  were  aMicted  with  » 
mtre  iuioour  that  distort^l  for  a  time  that 
which  yon  seemed  to  cheriah  moi-e  than 
jcnr  worldly  wdfarc; — ronr  beauty — you  aold 
your  worldly  goods  and  deserted  your  home, 
Aod  meaais  of  labfluitexice,  mther  than  the 
ddTormity  should  be  seen  by  one  whom  yon. 
secretly  loved.  Had  you  no  confidence  in 
the  iittriM'tions  which  never  fade,  that  yon 
d-  '  -olely  upon  those  which,  despite  all 

y  s  will  iuffiuredly  pass  away  ?' 

.ri>n_,  tiftid  Miinette,  lifting  h<sr  eyelids 
with  a  »ort  of  timid  connigej  **  He  loved  me 
only  for  my  fi*ce — ^lie  'nd  nertire  ^ken. 
with  he  saw  and  loved  my  face,  it  was 
eomme  U  faui.  £k,  Hen  J  if  he  *ad  seen  my 
foce  wiicn  it  WM  horrib*  diafigvr^  would  he 
not  have  hate  me  1     Oui." 

A  pardonable  impulse  threw  Bevil's  arm 
orer  the  back  of  Manett^'a  oh  air,  as  he 
exclaimetl — 

"Oh!  no,  no/' 

**  Von  were,  I  miisi  Bay^  i*o\n  to  blame. 
Bevil  for  timidity,  and  Manette  for  raahneas,** 
I  rcmarktHl. 

M.iiiette,  looked  down  on  the  prettiest 
little  toe  in  the  district  of  St.  Bamabos,  aa  it 
pointed  itself  to  trace  in  outline  the  pattern 
of  the  bearth-rug,  and  went  into  a  lone  expla- 
nation of  her  motives  in  the  most  delicious 
broken  French.  She  was  quite  alone  tn  the 
worid,  and  the  pain  and  hideons  tumoor  in 
her  face  prerented  her  from  working — she 
«»w  ruin,  and  nothing  but  ruin  before  her. 
The  day  her  bir^l  died^  she  f&lt  so  desolate, 
that  she  determined  to  go  to  a  hospitaJ,  in 
order  to  have  the  orcration  performed.  On  re- 
«)verinff,  if  she  haa  been  much  dtafigurcd,  she 
intended  never  to  see  Bevil  more.  She  had 
not  courage  to  bear  the  disappointment  which 
he  mi^dit  nave  inflicted,  by  the  altered  senti- 
ments she  anticipated  in  her  lover,  in  conse- 
quence of  her  ahered  appearance ;  and  she 
nreierred  the  certainty  of  trying  to  for^t 
*-*—      If  she  were  perfectly  curwi,   she  in 


him. 


tended  again  to  return  to  her  old  lodging, 
and  by  hard  work  to  regain  her  fomiture. 

The  end  of  this^  like  most  other  romances. 
was  marriage.  "With  marriage,  as  is  well 
known,  all  mysteries  vanish.  Manette's  story 
WM  this :  Her  father  was  a  political  refugee 
from  the  storm  of  1848  ;  he  had  been  a 
stauuch  Orleanist  Deputy  in  the  French 
Chamber*  and  had  to  flv,  with  his  diiughter, 
for  his  life.  In  England  he  taught  hk  native 
toogtie  as  a  means  of  livelihood^  till  overtaken 
by  illness.  Then  Manette  practised  an  ac- 
complishment she  was  proficient  in,  with  so 
much  success  that  she  supported  her  father 
till  his  death.  She  knew  the  tinie  would 
oookewhen  the  family  property  they  possesdaLl 
wur  Bomieauz  woula  be  restored,  snd  she 
did  not  wish  to  let  her  situation  be  known, 


especially  to  the   W' 

mom.    Henee,  she 

the  terrible  fliaappoiiituif tit  dr  ve  her  to  the 

hospital 

I  waa  not  al!<  ^  *'  ^  ..,..-  *  .Ti^^^|^j„g^ 
the  minister  ol  i  lapel 

having   been    p ..^,.  .   ...  _    I   was 

oblififed  to  rtsmove  to  another  lodging. 

I^r  did  the  Bevils  stay  long  in  Pepper^ 
mint  Place.  Their  unit^^d  talents  in  the 
decorative  arts  did  not  long  remain  hidden. 
They  removed  to  a  fine  house  near  Cavendiah 
Square,  and  worked  for  the  first  nobility. 
I  A  label  in  the  window  tells  yoxL,  that  there 
'"They  speak  French." 

Faaaing  the  shop  the  oH --  '  -  ^  —  "-- 
priMd  to  find  another  m 
The  owner  of  it  told  me  .i...  .i^..  ^^...  .^„d 
pne  to  live  in  France,  in  order  to  saper- 
mtend  his  wife's  estate  on  the  Garonne.  It 
appeared,  then,  that  my  piquant  Silhouette 
had  refined  her  imtrimony.  The  next 
holiday  X  get  I  shall  certainly  pay  them  a 
viffit. 

BACK  STREET  mNSERVATORIES 

I;^  threadmg  the  maz^  of  squalor  in  the 
purliens  of  Whitechapel  or  Seven  Dials  ir 
London  ;  in  the  back  settlement**  of  Man- 
chester, LiveipooL  and  Dublin  ;  or  the 
"  wynils  **  of  the  Cowgate  and  Canongatc  ; 
where  every  sense  is  offended ;  where  it  Is 
impossible  to  anticipate  imprc<vement  In  the 
moralj  while  the  pnyBical  condition  of  the 
denizens  b  low  and  comfortless, — the  sight 
of  a  flower  on  a  window-sill  imparts  a  gleam 
of  hope  and  of  respect.  It  redeems  tlie  sur- 
rounomg  debasement  You  feel  that  how- 
ever hard  the  toil  and  poor  the  sustenance 
of  the  cultivator,  the  higher  faeuliies  of  enjoy- 
ment and  of  taate  have  not  been  ground 
awav. 

Tte  cockney*9  love  of  the  eonntry  and  of 
what  reminds  him  of  the  field^  may  continue 
the  subject  of  the  mild  and  simpeiing  jest ; 
but  it  is  one  of  the  most  pleasing  traits  of  his 
character.  That  miniature  fence  and  five- 
barred  gate  with  the  road-lamp  '  1 
over  it^  which  forms  the  Ixjun^l 
flower-pots  and  mignonette  box  qui.smjl  m^ 
window,  is  not  a  thing  to  be  laughed  at,  so 
much  as  to  descry  good  qualities  from.  Ita 
owner  will  in  all  probability  be  found  more 
thrifty,  better  conducted,  more  selt-reliant, 
and  addicted  to  less  expensive  Jtud  debasing 
pleasures  than  moat  of  his  neighViours. 

The  very  difficulty  of  rearing  the  t«nderi^ 
oflfsprings  of  Nature  in  unwholesome  atmo- 
spheres shows,  whei-e  moderate  miooes  is 
attained,  a  degree  of  care  and  perseveranee, 
unknown  to  those  who  have  not  tried  the 
experiment.  We  may  see,  by  dry  leafless 
sticks, — all  that  is  left  of  once  tJourishLug 
mjTlles — by  the  mortal  remaina  of  rhododen- 
diwna,  or  at  best  by  consumptive  geximiiunB 
straggling  against  darkness,  and  a  **  fool  and 


'I 


172 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


filthy  ^  ;*'  bow  often  these  experimetita  are 

given  up  in  despair,  or  have  laDguished  from 
l^tiocess.  Oue  o&se  iii  particular,  of  thlH 
sort,  leJ  to  a  reiuedy  ]  an  J  to  this  remedy  it  \a 
the  purpose  of  this  paper  to  draw  more  parti- 
cular attection  than  it  has  already  attracted  j 
vaiM?cially  among  the  humbler  orders. 

Some  five-and-twenty  yeai-a  ago,  a  surgeon 
lining  in  the  denaeat  pjui  of  Eastern  London, 
\yiid  converted  a  space  at  the  back  of  his 
huu^o  into  i\i^  Sfiulilaucc  of  a  garden.  He 
contrived  bajiks  of  rock-work,  and  endea- 
voured, in  Ihf?  face  of  opposing  influences, 
to  cultivate  flovvei-s  with  all  the  {>atienoe 
of  a  ChincTsc,  Hib  elibrts,  however,  were 
constantly  thwaii^iwi ;  his  favourite  plants 
would  sicken  and  die.  in  spite  of  hi«  utmost 
vigilance  and  eai'e.  31uch  luj  he  loved  flowers, 
he  was  doomed  to  endless  vexation  and  diH- 
anpointment ;  for  eveiy  sort  of  ingeuiouB 
shelter  waa  adopted,  in  vniu. 

On  returning  homo  from  a  botanical  excur- 
irion  in  the  sunmier  of  1620,  he  buried  the  chry- 
salig  of  a  moth  in  some  mould  contained  in  a 
glass  bottk%  and  covered  the  bottle  with  a  lid 
lo  pi'event  the  esciipe  of  the  insect  when 
rlevcloped.  "  Li  watching  the  bottle  from 
day  to  day,'*  he  saya,  "  1  obsei-ved  that  the 
raoiature  wliich  duiing  the  heat  of  the  day 
aroae  from  the  mould,  became  condensed  on 
the  internal  surface  of  the  glasa,  and  ix'turned 
whence  it  caine^  thus  keeping  the  mould 
.'ilwayM  in  tlie  aiune  degree  of  humidity. 
About  a  week  prior  to  the  tirat  change  of  the 
inaect,  a  seedling  fern  tmd  a  graai  made  their 
A|>peapftnce  on  the  surface  of  the  mould.  I 
could  not  but  be  struck  with  the  circumstance 
of  one  of  that  very  tribe  of  plants,  which  I 
had  for  years  fruitlessly  attempted  to  cutivate, 
coming  up  6{X)ntaneout»ly  in  such  a  situation  ; 
and  axiked  myself  seriously  what  were  the 
conditions  for'it^i  g^rowth."*"  Reflecting  ut^wn 
the  matter,  he  foimd  that  while  the  conditions 
esuential  to  the  existence  of  plant*  were  fully 
realised,  all  prejudicial  influencea  were  etlec- 
tually  excluded.  The  fern  and  ^rasB  flourieheti  ; 
he  now  tested  the  value  of  the  discovery  in 
varioua  wa>a,  and  with  the  moat  aatisfactoiy 
results*  Even'  wiu«iow  ot  hia  house  soon  had 
ita  oocui>aut ;  here  a  tasteful  caiie  tilletl  with 
flowers  of  various  hue  j  there,  smother  with 
|j;raceful  ferna  nnd  diminutive  palma ;  in  one 
place  aome  peat  of  diUicult  growth,  favoured 
with  speciid  protective  covering,  and  here  and 
there,  quaint-lookiEg  Ixittlvs  with  quainter 
ocoapants  of  the  aloe  and  eactuH  tribe. 

A  \\e\v  of  dead  walls  and  unsightly  speci- 
meua  of  domestic  architecture,  from  one  of 
the  back  windows,  waa  aoon  excluded,  and  the 
eye  and  to^te  wei-e  gratified  by  the  ruina  of  a 
miniature  ivy-clad  abbey,  around  whoee  walls 
the  ferna  and  wild  flowers  grew  in  rich  pro- 
fuaion.  Hit  highest  attainable  "  ground  " — 
the  roof  of  the  house — waa  made  avulable  for 
an  Alpine  case,  where  the  plants  lived  on  in 

•  "On  tlM  Oroirth  of  PUnta  la  cIdMl7^Uc«d  C%MMr 
By  H,  B.  Ward.    Vm  Voorat 


the  delusion  that  they  ver©  still  enjoying 
their  native  moimtain  air.  The  rock-work 
already  noticed  eoou  received  a  glass  invest- 
ment, and  a  closed  case  on  a  lai-ger  scale  made 
its  appearance,  its  dimensions  neine  increaseil 
at  inten'uU,  until  nearly  the  whole  space 
behind  the  house  was  enclosed,  and  in  the 
midst  of  smoke-evolving  Bugar>hoiiaes  and 
factories,  one  might  enjoy  the  luxuriance  and 
seclusion  of  a  tropical  jungle.  The  success  of 
the  plan  was  now  tiiuniphantly  demonstrated. 
The  only  wonder  was,  that  some  f»b8erving 
naturalist  nhouiil  not  sooner  have  hit  upon  a 
method,  at  once  so  simple  and  so  be»iulifully 
adapted  to  the  neeeasilie.^  of  tlie  plants  dea- 
tined  to  gi'ow  in  crowde^l  towns.  Mr.  Wanl 
himself  honestly  ruimits,  that  but  for  the  inci- 
dent narrated  above,  the  suggestion  might 
never  liave  occurred  to  him,  "  The  simple 
circuniHtance,"  he  adds,  "  which  set  mo  to 
work,  must  have  been  presented  to  the  eyes 
of  horticulturists  thousands  of  times,  but  has 
passed  unheeded,  ha.  consequenee  of  their  dis- 
used closed  frames  being  filled  up  witli  weeds 
instead  of  cucumbers  and  melons  ;  and  I  am 
quite  i*eatly  to  confess,  that  if  some  groundsel 
or  chick  weed  had  sprung  up  in  my  bottle 
instead  of  the  fern,  it  vould  have  made  no 
impression  on  me." 

tsueh  is  the  history  of  those  miniature  con- 
servatories occasionally  disphiyed  in  the  win- 
dows  of  middle-class  dwelUngs,  known  m 
«  Ward's  cawss.^' 

The  moat  fanciful  notions  have  been  enter- 
tained respecting  the  construction  and  mode 
of  action  of  these  cases, — aome  supposing  that 
they  were  air-tight,  or  hermeticmly  sealed; 
othei"8,  that  plants  enjoyed  in  them  a  perennial 
blossom  ;  and  oue  intelligent  lady  fancied  that 
if  budding  flowera  were  placed  in  them,  theii 
further  devel'tpment  w*ould  be  arrested,  and 
thoy  would  remain  in  bud  for  ever.  Possibly, 
t4J0,  our  fair  friend  might  regret  that  some 
such  bloom-preserving  mediuui  could  not  be 
devised  for  frail  mortality.  Nothing,  however, 
can  be  more  simple  than  the  principle  and 
moile  of  conatruction  of  these  Ciises.  Ihe  first 
thing  to  be  done  is  to  procure  a  Kinc  case,  or 
wooden  box,  japanned  or  tarred  within,  with 
an  a(>erture  m  the  bottom  for  drainage  of 
su|!ierfluoiis  water.  Supposing  the  case  to  be 
six  inches  deep,  we  fill  it  for  an  inch  or  two 
with  pieces  of  brick  or  stotie ;  over  this  place 
the  mould,  and  then,  if  we  please,  any  tasteful 
aiTangement  of  rctck-work  on  the  surface^ 
Tlie  plants,  whether  bulbs,  flowering  plants, 
or  ferns,  ai'c  now  inserted,  and  over  the  whole 
a  clo«ely-tifctiug  bell-glass,  or  glazed  framework 
of  varied  form,  is  accurately  placed.  The  only 
material  novelty,  in  fact,  about  the  arrange- 
ment, consists  in  the  presence  of  the  glass 
coveriug.  In  the  first  place,  it  is  quite  clear 
tlrnt  this  interferes  in  no  way  with  the  titms- 
mission  of  the  vital  stimulus,  light.  Again,  it 
the  case  be  allowed  to  remain  undiatui*bed  for 
a  day  or  two,  either  outside  the  window,  or 
against  it  within  the  room,  we  shall  discover 


i 


another  beneficud  effect  of  tho  glass  in  ex« 
eluding  the  quantity  of  aooty  particles  depo- 
sited on  its  mir&ce,  which  would  otherwise 
have  &Ue»  on  the  le&ves,  «inl  interfered  with 
the  process  of  respiration  for  which  they  are 
speciftlly  designed.  We  ahftll  alao  observe  that 
the  gtafis  is  covered  within,  on  the  colder  side, 
with  globules  of  moisture,  and  these  tell  ua  of 
Huother  beneticnal  influence  which  it  exerts. 
One  difficulty  experienced  in  ^mjwiug  plants 
in  London  under  the  old  nxethcKl,  oonfiisted  in 
the  dry  character  of  the  atmosphere  of  town*, 
compared  with  that  of  the  country,  and  the 
conAe<juent  trouble  in  keeping  planta  auffi* 
dently  watered.  If  the  mould  be  well  satu- 
rated with  water,  this  will  rise  in  vapour,  the 
escape  of  which  is  prevented  by  the  glass. 
It  consequently  becomes  condensed  on  its 
cold  surface,  streazas  down  the  »de,  and  thus 
alternately  rises  and  folU,  little  or  no  escape 
taking  place,  and  many  months,  or  even  years, 
elapsing  before  a  fresh  supply  is  required. 

Afain,  the  glass  covering,  though  so  cksely 
fitted  as  to  exohide  soot  and  dust,  and  prevent 
ths  esci^  of  the  watery  vapour^  is  not  in- 
tended to  be  aii^tight  or  hermetically  sealed. 
If  it  were,  the  glass  would  be  broken  by  the 
first  expansion  or  contraction  of  the  air  con- 
tained within,  which  takes  place  with  every 
rise  and  ikll  of  temperature,  and  by  which,  to 
some  extent,  the  change  of  atmosphere  neces- 
saiT  for  the  well-being  of  the  plants  is  effected. 
This  is  fmlher  ensured  by  the  operation  of  a 
law,  by  which  the  intermixture  of  different 
gases  18  provided  for.  In  order  to  understand 
this,  we  must  know  something  of  the  life  of  a 
phmt.  In  its  process  of  respiration,  as  in 
that  of  man,  one  kind  of  gas  is  emitted^  and 
another  inhaled.  The  gas  given  out  differs 
hi  weight  and  other  qualities  from  the  sur- 
rounding air  ;  but,  in  obedience  to  a  law 
kno\^ti  among  chemists  as  the  ^difiusion 
law,"  it  finds  its  way  out  between  the  gla^ 
an<l  the  case  ;  the  external  air,  in  like  man- 
ner, effects  an  entrance,  and  this  interchange 
continues  until  an  intimate  blending  of  the 
two  is  effected.  Tlie  carbonic  add  gas  ex- 
haled b^  man  is  incamble  of  sustaining  life  ; 
and.  being  heavier  than  the  atmosphere,  it 
would,  but  for  this  law,  accumulate  in  rooms 
and  on  the  surface  of  the  c^rth,  and  produce 
the  most  destructive  results.  In  obedience  to 
this,  however,  as  soon  as  given  out,  it  begins 
to  ascend  in  opposition  to  uie  Uws  of  gravity, 
and  soon  becomes  lost  in  surrounding  apace. 
Such  are  some  of  the  unseen  processes  going 
on  around  us,  and  thus  marveUous  are  the 
silent  workings  of  Nature  !  Another  impor- 
tant influence  exercised  by  the  glass  consists 
in  keeping  the  plants  in  a  perfectly  tranquil 
atmosphere,  and  thus  enablmg  them  to  bear 
much  greater  degrees  of  heat  and  cold  than 
they  could  do  if  exposed  to  currents  or  even 
the  oi^inary  a^tation  of  the  air,  protecting 
from  the  Lujunous  effect  of  these  the  fuU- 
biowu  flower,  and  preserving  it  fresh  and 
I>erfect  much  longer  ihan  when  it  is  exposed. 


Even  cut  flowers  placed  in  a  vaw  c^-ntaining 
water  will  last  much  longer  if  jjrotected  by  a 
bell-glass.  In  short <^  w«^  isolate  our  plants, 
place  them  as  it  were  in  a  world  of  their  owii. 
where  all  noxious  influences  are  excluded,  and 
they  are  furnished  with  every ining  necessarj' 
for  their  life  and*  growth. 

The  vaiious  moditieations  in  the  form  and 
contents  of  the  case  are  mere  matters  of  taste. 
Ita  applications  are  various.  It  affords  erery 
iidiabitant  of  the  town  the  opportunity,  at 
comparatively  trifling  expense  find  trauble,  ol 
enjoying,  on  a  hmited  scale,  the  beauties  ol 
nature.  Instead  of  the  wearving  view  of  walls 
and  houses,  he  may,  at  one  of  his  windows, 
have  an  elegantly  constructed  case,  filled  with 
fairy  roses,  fuchsias,  heaths,  6tc.,  or  with  the 
graceful  forms  of  ferns,  and  dwarf  |>alms, 
delighting  by  their  delicate  tracery  and  varied 
tints.  Or,  if  means  permit,  a  case  of  larger 
magnitude  may  be  biult  out  from  a  study  or 
breakfast-room,  and  a  model  of  some  old  ruin 
be  erected,  or  broken  rock-work,  with  a 
fomitain-basiu  in  the  centre,  and  plants 
dispersed  around.  Another  advantage  offered 
by  this  plan  is,  that  if  the  ca.ses  are  kept  in 
the  ordinary  sitting-room  which  has  a  fire  in 
it  daily  during  the  colder  period  of  the  year, 
the  denizens  of  a  warmer  clime  will  grow 
therein  with  perfect  luxuriance,  delighting  us 
with  their  verdure  in  the  depth  of  winter, 
and  when  the  snow  ia  on  the  giound,  and  the 
bosom  of  mother-eaith  closed  up  by  frost, 
reminding  us  of  a  brighter  and  more  genial 
season.  To  all  who  preserve  a  healthful  and 
natural  feeling,  the  **  Ward  Case  "  will  afford 
varied  and  continual  pleasure,  reminding  them 
of  vegetation  of  larcer  gro^vth,  and  of  scenery 
more  expanded  and  miyeatic.  Constant  giii- 
tification,  too,  is  afforded  by  watching  the 
growth  of  plants,  especially  of  the  ferns,  which 
exhibit  fresh  beauties  at  every  stage  of  their 
development ;  whUfit  amid  the  hurry  of  busi- 
ness and  the  anxieties  of  lite,  even  a  momen- 
tary glance  at  these  humble  members  oi 
creation  thus  fulfiUinj^  the  purposes  of  their 
existence,  cannot  fiuJ  of  imparting  trau- 
quiUity  to  the  troubled  spirit. 

To  the  sick  room  tliey  are  peculiarly 
adapted,  and  their  office  here  is  indeed  tliat 
of  ''ministering  angels.^*  We  know  of  no 
present  so  cheering  and  acceptable  to  the 
wasted  sufferer  as  flowers.  We  have  seen  the 
victim  of  ilisease,  worn  out  by  pain,  and 
almost  dead  to  external  impressions,  suddenly 
revive  at  thelt  appearance,  and  the  coiunte* 
nance  light  up  as  these  friend.^  of  childhood 
were  again  welcometl.  But  the  loveliest 
flowers  are,  at  times,  objectionable  from  their 
exhalations  ;  when  cut,  too,  they  are  but  short- 
lived, and  in  severe  seasons  it  is  extremely 
difficult  t^  procure  a  constant  supj^ly.  Nona 
of  these  objections  can  apply  in  the  closed 
case,  for  when  the  plants  are  once  insertai, 
they  require  little  or  no  attention,  the  perfume, 
if  there  be  any,  is  confined,  and  many  pre- 
serve their  freshness  iu  tba  oftVL^w^ 


I 


I 


i74 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


[CcMMlia<t«d  ^ 


death.     T 
country,  wi 

w 


The    '"  couaervaXm "    b    ©rcr  a 

cheerliii  ii^  n«sistingth6  efibrtsofthe 

luedic&i  attciitiuut  w^bera  a  eure  Buy  be  hoped 
far,  and  Vfhcve  it  U  hopdwa,  serving  to  dU- 
filpAte  the  uloom  tlifti  too  often  is  needleaaly 
spread  otlt  lUo  chambtir  of  eickueas  :iod 
I  ajoitm  aiti«i*«r  from  the 
tiite  CQOipds  to  end  his 
.i^r:l  l.jmUj  toe  evev  fresh  vetdture 
<»  village-green  on  which  he  yfBS 
^  -i-j  a  childf  and  biing  vividJy 
reen  fields  and  happy  vales 
;  and  if  separated  firom  thoae 
vtho  are  clear  to  him^  he  will  at  least  hftve 
some  humble  friends  near,  who  will  smile 
hcifflitlj  at  the  last  ! 

'flii)  pt>^encG  of  flowers  at  the  poor  luan^s 
dooTf  and  other  indications  of  a  lore  for 
tuttnre.    invariably    beupeak    indnstn^    and 

§0*  " -^^^-n  we  »eo  a  plot,"   observes 

ftii  >, "  f^et  apart  for  a  rose-bash, 

a.i  L . ,  :u)d  a  cfljuatioo,  it  is  enoogh 

fi>.  lie  jasmine  sad  the  honeyauefie 

eiii  'J.  porch  withont,  we  may  be  sure 

that  there  is  a  potato  and  a  cabba^  within ; 
tf  tliere  be  not  plenty  there,  there  at  least  is 
no  want ;  if  not  happinesa,  the  nearest  ap- 
prsacdi  to  it  in  this  world— content."  Those 
%i  II  i-este^i  in  imppo^Tuq;  the  condition 

o-  wi>ald  do  well  to  encourftife  such 

laM''.  jiTi  "H(3  of  the  moat  crowded  cuMricts 
in  the  easum  part  of  the  metropolis,  some 
i,io^,Av  tvT.«  .r.fributod  three  or  four  years 
fe:.  1  in  the  purchase  of  several 

fit  M,    These  were  entrusted  to 

the  care  oi  some  of  the  bettei-  class  of  Door, 
who  not  only  derivrd  the  firreatest  delight 
from  them,  but  miulc  proJitable  nse  of  tl^m 
iu  th«*  rearing  uud  subsequent  sale  of  plants, 
or  In  the  cultivHtiou  of  salad  for  domestic  use. 
A  en*fr,  conRtrui'led  of  the  cheapest  materials, 
Wfjnld  eoi4t  bnt  a  few  shillinga^  and  a  poor 
infin,  to  view  the  matter  in  a  purely  ntilitanan 
i«|»iri(.,  could  not  make  a  better  investment  of 
ht«  mollify.  That  the  lower  ebisseaare  fre- 
qticutly  inbued  with  a  keen  love  for  the 
objects  of  nature,  juid  exi>erience  the  puf^est 
pleasure  in  their  cultivation,  may  be  seen  by 
the  following  i»xtract  from  a  letter  with  whicb 
we  have  bce-n  favoured,  addre$<i»ed  to  Mr. 
Ward,  liy  an  artisan  of  Bristol.  "  I  have,  with 
gre«t  plcsiiiu'e  an<i  with  greater  profit,  read ) 
yoiirw<    '  '  '       '    ;i:^e*i,  and  have ' 

now  uii  mIow  ft  lilli- 

ptit  ■  T^  -i,i|M    y<  iiiiivi>    iiit'jugh  readiiig 

tli'i  '        obtained    Iny   enclosing  a  spa4» 

witli   ;^!  In  this  case,  which  has  no  son 

upon  tt  until  near  two  p.  m.,  atjd  gradiudly 
coming  on  later  until  it  will  not  be  vlated  for 
near  two  months  by  that  lumiimry,  I  have  a 
variety  of  ferns,  wootl,  sorrel,  &c.,  and  many 
other  wild  plants,  which  many  persons  here 
very  much  admire,  wondering  now  I  could 
ke«p  them  alive  mthout  air.  At  the  hock  of 
my  premises,  and  close  to  Riy  cases,  axe  some 
blAAksmitfas'  forges,  and  a  great  deal  of  smoke 
iMmring  ih>m  a  bake-house  c-himney.     I  am 


quite  certain  tliat  if  I  admitted  the  air  of  tiie 
vard,  my  present  greenliouiw  would  soon 
beeome  a  black-house.  If  at  any  time  my 
services  will  lie  of  use  to  you,  they  will  be 
mdst  feadily  at  your  comtoati')    •  l»eett 

trcaa.  a  boy  exoeodlOKly  ^ond  v>  jay- 

thing  in  tne  earth  ;  tor  1  well  nvroiu  cr  wh«u 
a  row  of  chick-weed  against  a  wall  was  to  me 
as  great  a  delight,  as  a  new  fuchsift«ra  purple 
'sttutinm  wo«Jd  be  to  a&  aiwatBor  of  ths 
present  day,  and  when,  after  hamng  sown 
some  baiiey  in  a  space  of  eightMD  iipst  by  tot 
foot,  I  had  a  bed  of  beautifoT  grosti,  I  tboucbt 
I  was  a  WQ(Dder&l  gardener.  I  ttil 
in  ^ene  things,  and  I  most  say  I  am  t^^ 
obliged  to  yon  for  a  grest  ei^oyxoent  I  lu^w 
possess,  for  when  I  oomo  in  tti^d  with  busi- 
ness, and  iatigned  perliaps  in  body  and  mind, 
theiie  's  my  little  greenhouse  looks  no  refresh- 
ing, that  I  cannot  help  feeling  its  iiiHuenoe 
soothing  my  mind,  and  it  i^wardji  me  for  all 
the  trouble  I  may  have  taken  with  it," 

We  ha\'e  yet  to  glance  at  another  and  moet 
important  application  of  tlie  Ward  casc'  in 
the  transpoil  of  plants  from  one  countrr  to 
another.  Formeiiy,  they  were  cl  rmcW  psAed 
in  cases,  and  either  deprived  '  -  r?x* 

posed  to  the  mH  *pray,  Mid  dry 1 1  li  ve 

wind ;  an^l,  Vom  these  causes,  pjuUy 

from  inadf  ply  of  fresli  water,  they 

died  in  their  irnrusit  by  hnndre^ls,  but  few 
surviving  a  very  long  voyage.  Now.  a  genial 
home  is  burnished  for  them  on  the  ooei%  and 
from  thdr  Mug  retreat^  they 

"Pe^  through  their  poHsh'd  fohags  at  the  etorm, 
And  seem  to  imile  at  what  they  need  not  feiur.* 

The  cases  used  for  purposes  of  eoavcn^aaoe 
on  ship-boanl  are  of  stouter  matenat  the 
kIsss  protected  by  wire-work^  and  tbegr  are 
lashed  securely  on  the  poojp  of  the  vessel* 
The  protective  ^kss  oofMi^g  admits  the 
light,  ¥rards  oil  wind  and  iPtayi  ftad  retajna 
tlM  moistiir&  Tlus  mode  of  conveyance  has 
now  quite  atineneded  the  old  oii«! ;  many  of 
the  rar^  pauns  and  ferns  in  the  magnificent 
collection  at  Kew  have  been  brought  over  in 
this  way,  and  every  horticulturist  can  hear 
testimonv  to  its  value.  Mr-  Fortune,  in  the 
last  editx»tt  of  his  *' WanderingM  in  Cliina," 
gives  a  relative  estimate  of  the  old  Jiiid  new 
methods.  Under  the  old  method,  jn-coixling 
to  a  paper  piibliBhed  by  Mr.  Livingstone,  in 
the  "* Transaction:^  of  the  Horticultural  Society 
of  Lonrion,"  only  one  plant  in  a  thousand 
Bunived  the  jui^isage  to  WngUwd  Mr,  For- 
tune brought  over  two  hundred  and  fifty 
plants  in  aomt  dosed  cases,  and  of  tJMae  two 
hundrsd  and  fifteen  were  hmded  in  England, 
in  n  pedectly  healthy  state.  Ona  iUnstanation 
being  as  good  as  a  thousand,  we  give  th» 
following  very  pertinent  one,  of  the  in- 
calcidabfe  bene^  canlerred  by  tliis  plati  in 
the  introduction  of  useful  plants  into  countries 
when?  they  were  previotjs^  unknown,  ^\^hen 
Mr.  Williams,  the  missionary,  leli  England 
for  the  Navigator  Isknds,  in  1839,  he  took 


STBEETOORAPHY, 


2741 


mith  him  in  oae  oi  the  ghized  cases,  ftin 
oUier  ploutfi,  A  species  of  banuift.  i 
reaehea  Updiat  o^'^  ^^  ^^^  ^''^^P)  in  a  heait  ny 
coDdition^  Tras  tnuispUuted,  auil^  in  Ma^r, 
1840,  bore  a  fine  cluster  of  fiuit  eiceeding 
three  bundretl  m  niimber*  anJ  weighing 
nearly  a  hundreJwuij'bt.  The  pfirent  plant 
then  died,  leavin^f  behimi  more  than  thirty 
yoimg  QoeBy  which  were  «li»tributed  to  various 
IMUta  <yt  the  Ishuid,  and  tnultipilied  in  the 
ai&me  ratio.  To  **  estimate  the  importance  of 
the  in tr«.id notion  of  this  plant,  we  must  bear 
in  mind  the  great  aiiantity  of  nutritious  food 
fmiiislied  by  the  banana.  Hmnboldt  sayK, 
that  ho  w«s  never  wearied  with  aHtonishmeot 
nt  *'  -  •■  nlbiess  of  the  portion  of  soil  which. 
ii  md  the  adjoining  provinces,  would 

3 .J  .  -.-Pittance  to  a  fanmy  for  a  year,  and 
that  the  same  extent  of  ground  which,  in 
whe&t,  would  main  tun  only  two  persons, 
would  }ield  auatenaiice:,  under  the  nananiL, 
ta  fifty." 

Whilst  large  prizes  are  annoally  awarded 
to  new  pausie£>  tulips,  and  other  enhemeral 
monstrosities  in  the  vegetable  woria,  the  in- 
rentar  of  the  "  miniature  conser%'atoiT  "  has^ 
we  believe,  received  no  testimonial  whatever 
of  the  5er\4cee  he  has  rendered  to  horticulture 
from  tii'ise  who  have  been  moet  benefited  by 
the  inrentioij.  He  reapa  his  reward,  how- 
ever, in  the  consciousness  of  the  good  he  haff 
dou©  *^  in  hi*  generation,"  and  in  the  feeling 
that}  in  the  home.?  of  many,  his  name,  aaao- 
ciated  with  fem»  and  fiow«xs,  haa  become  a 
"Hotisehold  Word.^ 


CHIPS, 

"  STRKETOGRAPHT.*^ 

Tbovgr  we  English  flatter  ourseiToa  that 
those  systems  of  general  and  social  polity — 
which  we  are  pleased  to  term  the  British 
CoiisJtifntion — give  to  existence  more  secmity 
n  than  is  ensured  to  oar  Continental 

1  yet  in  the  smaller   arrangements 

for  pmiic  convenience  we  are,  conipami  with 
them,  barbariaoa.  The  det^uls  of  mouicipal 
management  in  France,  for  example,  are 
infinitely  superior  to  the  arrangementa  made 
for  the  EngiisL  t.vu  Ti.='-r..^^pie  ^y  those  knots 
of  well-fed  vvi5*i  iMtiong.     In  France 

it  id  always  i)»x^^  a  stranger  to  find  hia 

WM.j  to  any  street  ;  and  to  know  its  name 
mhen  he  b  in  it ;  in  England^  impossible. 
In  Pariji,  the  dullest  Dutchman  or  most 
opium-sodden cd  Turk  never  need  lose  his  way 
in  an  intricate  neighbourhood,  becauEe  labels 
tell  him,  in  large  and  legible  lettei-a  at  the 
corner  of  each  street,  those  he  wanta ;  but 
aat  down  the  cleverest  country  gentleman  in 
mnr  one  part  of  Ltiudon^  to  find  hia  way  to  nnx 
OlMT  part  of  it  with  the  beat  map  to  be  goi, 
mud  he  will  be  only  able  to  find  it  in  a  cab ; 
for  those  who  have  the  ordering  of  these 
thin^  ill  certain  di8tiit:t«  of  theMetropolia, 
belieiring  that  the  names  of  streets  ongbto 


by  the  w      '  , 

can^abou' 

1  Lie  uther  dav  a  ceiiu' 
dint  of  B€  »?ral  cane  an 
found  out  at  last  the  i  ^ 

baronet  to  whom  he  was . 
man  Square.  He  v,ri8  u.  .:  _:  ^  ;  -d 
about  triflee,  even  fur  a  German,  and  had 
taken  very  go<.Ml  cai-e  to  note  down  the  name 
of  the  street  in  which  he  ha*!  fixed  liis  tem- 
porary lodging.  The  baronet,  when  he  was 
taking  leave,  naturally  enquired  where  he 
should  have  the  pleaeore  of  returning  the 
visit  t  The  German  produced  hia  pocket-oook, 
and  gravely  read  from  it,  **  Number  nine, 
Stick-no-biU.Street*'  "  Stick  no  bills  '*  being 
the  only  words  he  could  find  written  up  against 
the  houses,  he  of  course,  adopted  them,  as  his 
proper  address. — ^A  similar  mistake  is  re- 
corded of  an  American,  from  Fourth  Street, 
Philadelphia,  He  too  was  in  search  of  the 
address  on  a  letter  of  introduction ;  and,  when 
he  got  into  the  street,  actually  disbelieved  the 
information  given  to  him,  that  he  had  arrived 
at  his  prtjper  destination,  "  Don't  I  see,*'  he 
said,  lixkkiug  up  ut  the  comer,  "that  this  is 
F,  P,  Sixteen-feet  Street  t " — and  returned  to 
hb  hotel  without  delivering  hia  letter. 

The  rustiest  select  vestrjTuan  of  the  old- 
schixil  is  luiuble  to  deny  that  the  name  of 
every  street  ought — for  the  convenience  of  the 
inhabiting,  but  more  especially  for  that  of 
the  visiting-public — to  be  distinctly  and  le^bly 
inscribed  at  tlie  comers  of  every  street  in 
Great  Britain ;  within  the  range  of  ordinary 
visions,  and  not  some  twenty  feet  high^  to  be 
obscured  by  the  friezes  of  shop-fronts  and  the 
Iwilconies  of  private  houses.  This  veiy  neces- 
sary Job  ahould  be  snatched  from  the  neglect 
of  the  various  iiarochial  ofllieers,  and  put  iuto 
the  hands  of  tiie  Conimissionera  of  Police  ; 
together  with  several  other  small  reforms,  by 
a  venr  great  deal  too  numeroua  for  the  limita 
ofa^^Chm;' 

Wo  will  not  diamias  thb  suggestion  without 
pointing  out  that  in  every  improvement  in 
btreetography  (Like  Beutbam,  we  coin  aa  we 
require,  and  defy  the  Dictionary)  some  variety 
ill  the  names  of  our  public  ways  would  be  vcrj' 
ao^lvauta^eoua.  Aa  the  sponsors  of  old  streets 
have  e^mausted  all  the  Charles's,  Oeoige's, 
Mary's,  and  other  common-place  nomencla- 
tui-ea,  the  respectobility  of  streets  in  nrogress 
(and  they  are  legion)  micht  not  be  «iam.Tkged 
by  being  d^ignated  by  the  names  of  a  li^vf  of 
the  bene&ctors  of  our  moe — our  eminent  in- 
ventors, divines,  poeta,  and  artists.  But  while 
the  naming  of  tnoroughfares  is  left  to  indi- 
ridual  caprice,  the  inestimable  confusion  of 
metropolitan  topography  will  continue  to 
be  worse  and  worse  confounded.  Already, 
according  to  the '"  London  Direr*  -^  "  ^ '  ro  are 
streets,  squares,  terraces,  and  v  \  U  are 

honoured  with  the  names  oi  ,..  .  a"  or 
''Albert"  in  twenty-five  instances*  Thirty- 
four  London  thoroughlar€«  bear  the  title  of 
York,  and  twenty-three  that  of  Olouoeiter  j 


of  Wdlington  '  PlAces*^  nlotie,  there  ftr^  ten  ; 
b«0ifl««  several  Wdlington  Stnwls  and  SquAres. 
Bovxlty  gpreftds  iU  titlea  o¥er  milea  and 
oiiJes :  there  »re  no  fewer  than  thir^-fleren 

Kill'    Sirpcta,    Iwenty-aevcri     Otitrn    streets 

»   Prinee*s  Str 

t8  ;  not  tc*  m*-!; 

;md    brick- fuifl-iuuttiu     "  Grovt^* 

le,  with  one  or  other  of  these  desiL'- 
niUiooA.  The  list  is  to  be  BwoUeu  to  an  end- 
Jeas  oonftunon ;  and  without  some  improved 
aystem  of  **  Stneetography,"  it  will  bood  be  as 
impoaaible  for  a  stranger  to  find  a  Londoner 
in  London,  aa  it  in  to  trace  a  fly  through  the 
tangled  intricacies  of  a  spider^s  web, 

LAND  HO  }— PORT  JACKSON. 

An  eiteemed  CVjntribntor  has  laid  open  a 
page  of  his  travelling  note-bote,  to  allow  ns 
to  extract  the  following  graphic  "  Chip  "  : — 

^'Lajtoho!"  cried  the  look-out.  Blessed 
sound  to  the  weary  landsoiMi ! — a  aonnd  a^o- 
cinted  Mrith  liberty  and  society,  a  walk  on 
tur^  a  dinner  of  fresh  meat  and  green  vege- 
t.aV»le«,  cleitr  water  to  drink,  anrl  something  to 
do.  The  daik  line  in  the  horizon  was  Terra 
Alttt»Ji0,  the  lan{l  of  my  dreams.  As  we  ap- 
proached more  ne^vr,  I  was  not  greeted,  as 
1  hat!  hoped,  by  sloping  shores  of  yellow 
sands,  or  hills  covered  with  green  pasture,  or 
clad  with  the  bright-coloured  forests  of 
southern  cliints  ;  but  fiw  above  us  towered  an 
iron^tioiind  coast,  dark,  desolate,  barren^  pre- 
oinitoiia,  against  which  the  long  rolling  swell 
or  the  Facihc  broke  with  a  dull  disheartening 
sound. 

No  wonder  that  the  tii-st  discoverera,  who 
OOasted  along  its  shores  in  the  midst  of  wintry 
tempests,  abandoned  it,  afti^r  little  inve&tiga- 
tion,  an  an  uninhabitable  latul,  the  dwelling- 
place  of  dcmoiJM,  who«e  voice«  they  funci^ 
tliey  heard  in  the  wailing  of  the  wind  among 
the  inaccessible  cll6k. 

But  soon  a  pilot  boanled  from  a  stout  whale- 
boat,  rowed  by  a  dozen  New  Zealanders.  He 
reached  the  rocks  whicb^  divided  by  a  narrow 
cleft,  or  canal,  and  towerinK  above  the  coast 
Line,  are  the  Bailoi*a'  lanoinark,  known  as 
Sydney  lleails, — tho  cleft  that  Cnptain  Cook 
overl*3<jked,  cotisidering  it  a  mere  boat  hurbour. 
Steering  under  eaay  aim  through  this  mirrow 
channel,  the  scene  changed,  "  as  by  Btroke  of 
an  eucbsinter's  wand,"  and  Port  Jackson  lay 
before  us,  stretching  for  miles  like  a  broail 
silent  river,  studded  with  ahrul>covere<l 
islands ;  on  either  baud  of  the  shores,  the 
gardens  and  pleasure-gro^indsi  of  villas  and 
villages  deacemk^il  U*  the  water's  edge  ; 
pleasure-boata  of  every  variety  of  build  and 
size,  wherries  and  canoes,  cutters,  achoonej^, 
and  Lidians,  glided  about,  gay  with  flags  and 
Btreamera,  ana  laden  with  j^jyous  jmrtiew,  zig- 
zagged around  like  a  nautical  maaqueraile. 
^yery  moment  wc  passed  some  tall  merchant- 
ship  at  anchor, — for  in  this  land-locked  lake  all 
the  navies  of  the  world  might  anchor  safely. 


It  was  Sunday  evenisg,  and  the  diardi 
bells  donned  sweetly  naoea  the  watera, 
mingling  m  hannoniona  discord  with  the 
distant  sounds  of  profiuie  music  from  the 
rth^'aaure  parties,  Oa  we  sailed,  until  we 
hed  the  narrow  peninsula  where,  fifty 
1  s  previously,  trees  grew  and  savages 
dwelt,  and  where  now  stands  one  of  the  moat 
prtisperous  cities  in  the  world, — there,  in  deep 
water,  close  along  shore  at  Cambell^s  wharij^ 
we  moored. 

V     '       buildings    there    was  nothing  to 
foreign  city,  unless  it  were  the  par^ 
f    ^een  jalousfe,    and   the  exti^b- 
:rreij|iiliLi'ity  in  priueijjal  streets,— 
■r  V»rick  cottage  next  to  a  .oifly 
plat-  : I te<l  shop  in  true  Regent  Street 

styl'        I  were  no  bcKgaiift,  and  no  half- 

starved  wretches  among  STe  working-chwsea. 
In  strolling  early  in  the  morning  through  the 
streets  where  the  working-claaaea  live,  the 
smell  and  sound  of  meat  frizzling  for  break- 
fast was  almost  universal. 

One  day,  while  strolling  in  the  outskirts  of 
the  town,  above  a  cloud  of  dust,  I  saw  ap- 
proacliing  a  huge  lumbering  maaa,  like  a 
movinst  haystack,  swaying  from  side  t-o  ^ide^ 
and  I  hear<l  the  creaking  of  wheels  in  the  dia- 
tance,  and  a  volley  of  strange  oaths  accom- 
panied the  shjLTp  cracking  of  a  whip ;  presently 
the  horns  of  a  pair  of  monstroua  ouUocks  ap- 
peared, stnuning  solemnly  at  their  yokes ; 
then  another  and  another  followed,  until  I 
counted  five  pair  of  elephantine  beasts,  draw- 
ing s  rude  cart,  composed  of  two  higli  wheels 
and  a  platform  without  sides,  upon  which  was 
packed  and  piled  boles  of  wool  full  ioorteen 
leet  in  height.  Close  to  the  near  wheel 
atulked  the  driver,  a  tall,  broad-ahouldered, 
Bunbiinit,  care-worn  man,  with  long  shaggy 
hair  failing  from  beneath  a  sugar-loaf  shaped 
grass  hat,  and  a  month*s  beard  on  his  dosty^ 
chin  ;  dressed  in  half-boots,  coarse,  short, 
fuiitian  troosei-s,  a  red  ailk  handkerchief  round 
his  waist,  and  a  dark  blue  cotton  shirt,  with 
the  sleeves  rolled  right  up  to  the  ahould«r« 
oi  his  brown -red,  bniwny,  hairj^  arm«.  In 
his  hands  be  earned  a  whij),  at  least  twenty 
feet  long,  with  the  thong  ot  which,  with  per- 
fect easCj  he  every  now  and  then  laid  into  his 
leaders,  accompanying  each  stroke  with  a 
tremeodoua  oath. 

A  little  mean  looking  man,  shabbily  dressed 
in  something  of  the  same  costume,  trotted 
humbly  along  on  the  off-side.  Three  huge 
ferocious  dogs  were  chained  under  the  axle  of 
the  dray.  Tim  was  a  load  of  the  golden  fleece 
of  Australia,  and  its  guardians  the  bullock 
driver  and  bullock  watchman.  The  dust,  the 
creaking  of  the  wheels,  and  the  ejaculation  of 
the  driver  liiul  scarcely  melted  awav,  when 
up  dashed  a  party  of  horsemen  splendidly 
mounted  and  sunburnt,  but  less  coarse  and 
worn  in  features  than  the  bullock  driver, 
with  long  beards  and  moustaches  and  long 
flowing  hair,  some  in  old  shooting  jackeU, 
some  m  coloured  woollen  shirts,  akoost  all  is 


THE  BUNTERIAN  MXJSETJM- 


877 


patched  ftutiaD  trouserg ;  one,  the  yotmgegt, 
had  a  pair  of  white  tnnieers^  very  smart, 
tucked  into  a  pair  of  long  boots — ho  was  the 
dand>%  I  prestuue  ;  some  amoked  short  pipes  ; 
all  were  m  the  highest  and  most  uproaiioua 
spirits.  Their  costirme  would  have  been  dear 
in  Holywell  Strett  at  twenty  shillings,  and 

^ their  horses  cheap  at  Tati^rsall'a  at  on© 
huftdrwl  pounds.  These  were  a  party  of 
gentlemen  a^iialters  coming  Jown  after  a  year 
or  two  tn  the  bush,  to  transact  buBiness  and 
refresh  in  the  great  city  of  Auatralia. 
: 


DEATH  IN  THE  TEAPOT. 

Bt  the  help  of  Mr.  Slivers,  we  were  enabled 
in  a  recent  number  to  exp^jae  to  an  injured 
public  some  of  the  ingredientjs  of  metrupolitan 
milk — **  London  Grenuine  particulaj*,'*  A  cor* 
respondent  now  makes  a  further  revelation  of 
how  our  tea^pota  are  defiled  when  it  ia  inno- 
cently supposed  that  a  pm'e  beverage  ia  in 
oouDse  of  concoction. 

*'  A  short  time  since,"  he  says,  "  a  friend  of 
mine,  a  chemiBt  in  Mancheeter,  wn»  applied 
to  for  A  quantity  of  French  chalk,  a  species 
of  tale,  in  fine  powder  ;  the  party  who  pur- 
chaaed  it,  used  regularly  sevenil  pounas  a 
we4^k  ;  not  being  an  article  of  usual  sale  in 
auch  quantity,  our  friend  Ijccame  curious  to 
know  to  what  use  it  could  be  applied  ;  un 
aaking  the  wholesale  dealer  who  supplied 
him,  he  stated  hi«  belief,  that  it  was  ub^  in 
*/cmnff*  tea  (the  last  process  of  converting 
black  tea  into  green),  ajid  that  within  the  last 
month  or  two,  he  had  sold  in  Manchester 
uj>ward8  of  a  thousand  pounds  of  it  Our 
friend  the  chemist  then  instituted  a  series  of 
experiments,  and  the  result  proved  that  a  great 
deal,  if  not  all  the  common  green  tea  used  in 
tbia  country  is  coloured  artificially.  The  verj* 
first  experiment  demonstrated  fraud,  Tlie 
plan  adopted  was  tm  follows: — A  few  spoon- 
fuls of  green  tea  at  five  shiUings  a  poutid, 
were  placed  on  a  small  sieve,  and  held  under 
a  gentle  stream  of  cold  water  flowing  from  a 
tap  for  the  tpaoe  of  four  or  tive  minutes. 
Tlie  tea  quickly  changed  its  colour  from 
green  to  a  duU  yellow,  and  uiion  drying  with 
ft  very  gentle  heat  gradually  aasum^  the 
app^u^ance  of  ordinary  bUdc  tea.  On  making 
a  minute  microscopic  examination  of  the 
colouring  matter  washed  from  the  leaf,  and 
which  was  caught  in  a  vessel  below,  it  ap- 
peared to  be  composed  of  tliree  substanc*^ 
particles  of  yellow,  blue,  and  white.  The 
nlue  was  proved  to  be  Prussian  blue — the 
yellow  thought  to  be  the  turmeric,  and  the 
white.  French  chalk.  Tf  the  two  former  be 
inixecl  together  in  very  fine  powder,  they  will 
give  a  green  of  any  required  shade.  It  is 
made  to  adhere  to  the  tea-leaf  by  aome  adhe- 
mte  matter,  and  then  it  is  "faced"  by  the 
French  chalk,  to  rive  it  the  pearly  appear- 
ance so  much  liked. 

'*  ThiB  simple  experiment  any  one  can  per- 
form.   A  gentleman  assured  me  that  a  friend 


of  his  a  short  time  since  happened — though 
quite  uniuteutionally — on  his  part,  to  wadk 
into  a  private  room  connected  with  the  esta- 
blishment of  a  wholesale  tea-dealer,  and 
there  he  saw  the  people  actually  at  work 
converting  the  black  tea  into  green  ;  the  pro- 
prietor soon  discovei-ed  his  presence  in  the 
room,  and  before  lilm,  in  no  measured  terms, 
severely  reprimanded  the  workmen  for  having 
permitted  a  stranger  to  enter." 


CITY  GRAVEa 

I  WALKED  straight  through  the  gatberisg  fiD^ 

By  dmins  and  ditches  fed. 
Until  I  saw  the  City  church 

High  towering  over  head. 
And  came  to  where  the  gnve-yard  holds 

Ita  half'imtmried  detd  ! 

Hard  by  the  Tliames,  those  highpUed  gzavea 

Higher  and  higher  grow. 
Where  hving  men,  at  mom  and  eve, 

By  thousaads  come  and  go  ,* 
Where  letlgers  pile  the  dedks  above, 

And  gold  lies  hid  below. 

Within  those  walls,  tlie  peace  of  daath — 

Without,  life's  ceaseless  din ; 
The  toiler,  at  his  work,  can  see 

The  tombs  of  his  mouldering  kin ; 
And  the  living  without,  grow,  day  by  day, 

More  like  the  dead  within. 

I  iaw  the  wheezy  beadle  pause, 

Panting  with  gold  and  lace. 
He  turned  the  kev  in  its  creaking  lock. 

With  handkerchief  oyer  his  face. 
And  pale-&ced  urcliina  gambolled  njunil 

The  •*  consecrated  "  place. 

I  saw  &om  out  the  earth  peep  ibrtli 

The  white  and  glistening  bones, 
With  lagged  ends  of  cofliii  planks. 

That  Vea  the  worm  disowns; 
And  ODoe  a  smooth  round  skull  rolled  on. 

Like  a  football,  on  the  stones. 

I  thought  of  those  who  bear  the  8oun<la 

Of  Life  across  the  foam, 
lu  foreign  cUme^  in  savage  lands. 

Who  rear  Religion's  dome ; 
They  might  have  taught  our  rulers  first 

To  spare  oar  lives  at  home. 

Too  late  the  wi«hed-for  boon  has  come, 

Too  late  wiped  out  the  etain-— 
No  Schedule  shall  restore  to  health, 

No  Act  give  life  agniu 
To  the  thousands  whom,  in  bygone  yeais^ 

Our  City  Graves  have  aladn  I 


THE  HtJNTERIAN  MUSEU3L 

London  is  full  of  strong  contrasts,  and  one  of 
thera  may  be  met  with  in  Lincoln's-Inn  Fields. 
Two  laxgie  public  buildings  adorn  that  fine 
open  square — as  diiferent  in  character,  appear- 
ance, associations,  and  objects  as  two  struc- 
tures could  be — the  one  appei't'uning  to  law, 
and  the  other  to  phpic. 

Lincoln's-lmi  Hall  is  a  noble-looking  place, 
in  the  English  tittle  tVvvA.  v^^^sw^fc  «Q^&«i  v«ix 


HOUSEHOLD  WOEDfiL 


[C«ada«t«<«9 


i 


Englieh    '■  -'    v^'-  f —  - -*hr  r— with 

reabri'  ttreaao*^ 

a,nA  f  "  ^  ;v  DoMe 

bi :  hospitality  or  the 

liie  aecoiJiJ  *A  the  twij  huUiilngs  instead  of 
wnnn  red  lirt'4:,  pn^rnta  u  cold  fitonr,  slriUlj 
olr  '     y  ji  itiw  of  tAll  (ireciftu 

ciili  we  pass  to  enter  the 

pliice,  Jii '.Nvg  uiUJul'jM  we  rire  in  a  diffureiit 
vrorUL  Without,  we  left  an  atmosphere  of 
life  and  living  bustle  ;  within,  we  find  i%  stiUer, 
calmer  oompfiny.  We  walk  juniilflt  an  abuu- 
(Jmi,^  1.  ,ia,  r  fielded  V>y  d^^atli  to  teach  the 
Ir  life  continues,  ami  we  come  in 

a^i  I  act  with  some  things  that  moved 

upon  the  cartji  before  the  Flood.  About  its 
are  iaaQmei'abld  furros  iu  which  life  has  been. 
Now  all  are  quiet  in  tke  serene  dignity  of 
death.  Very  few  minutes  :ire  j^^cuerally 
enough  to  calm  down  the  minds  of  th*>se  who 
may  visit  the  two  buildiutrs  in  Bucct.wsion— 
who,  after  ac  '  ' '  ^  T  Jl  of  Linculua  Lan,  \v  ill 
uafis  alonj^r  il  ud  eut^ir  the  Hunteriau 

MuseiiiM  "t  '  "t' Siir^fons, 

But  i  1     s  •     ,  i      ]  -^VLdatiouB  of 

the  dis?' '  «:i  -  i.  ,  Fi  .  letl  by  none 

of  its  grosaneas  or  it«i  t;,  1  iie  museum  is 

u  laj'ge  iirchitectui-al  I  iii..i  ii_,  lighted  from 
al>oV4>y  taul  at  tirat  glance  Bcem^  to  be  a  noble 
hall  of  stone,  mahogany,  and  plate-glasa, 
muted  for  the  ofoiipation  of  a  regiment  of 
skeletons  and  an  army  of  littles.  Shelves 
lUid  ^allt*riL'3  run  ruuiid  th^  plaee,  from  the 
fh(.n-  to  th*'  roof,  and  t-very  shelf  h  crowded 
with  specimens  of  aU  aixt^s  and  ei>|..iii'u  TTr., ,m 
the  fn:>nt  of  the  g:dl»:'rieai,  skulls  m 
rarioufl  kijjds,  an^  rix^d,  and  ;ii  ^ 
Boroe  of  gigantic  size,  which  we  soon  leani 
belonged  to  the  creatures  the  traveller  Bnict» 
•poke  of,  as  the  mysterious  Sauga  of  Central 
Afnca,  Prom  the  door  we  enter  at^  to  the 
extreme  end  of  tlie  place,  run  two  rows  of 
mahogany,  gla^s-roofed  cases,  the  lower  ix»r- 
tions  nllefl  with  drawers  containing  specimenn 
for  reference,  and  the  topa  covered  with  othera 
of  more  l>eanty  or  interest.  Theae  caaea 
divide  the  floor  into  three  stmight  walka, 
along  wldch,  at  i-egnlar  intervals,  are  pedestals 
to  support  vai-ioua  thingis  too  large  for  en- 
closare.  Nearest  the  door  are  the  oldest  and 
mo6t  curious  of  the  contents  of  the  place — the 
relics  of  the  huge  monst<;rs  who  roved  in  the 
primeval  wilds  of  our  earth  long  before  the 
Flood. 

Th«fttf  are  the  ancient  glj'ptodon,  the  still 
older  mylodon^  and  the  megatheriimi,  more 
ancient  ibau  either.  Looking  at  the  btmefl  of 
theae  extinct  mouetera,  aad  gianoio^  from 
tliem  upon  the  other  bony  relics  dispoaed 
about  the  place,  we  see,  at  om^,  how  ira* 
m«iia«ly  larger  aome  of  the  animftl*  of  our 
eartli  once  were^  than  they  are  now.  Hie 
akeleton  of  the  elephant,  at  the  opposite  end 
of  the  hall,  and  the  bone*  of  the  hippopotiimus, 
cloftti  by,  IcK^k  small  in  compariaou  with  those 
of  the  cTMtiiraB  no  looger  found  alive,  and 


whose  existence  is  now  one  of  the  romances 
of  geology  and  of  the  animal   world.     The 

inli.-il.'   ^H   tli.^  .mix- ..TJstin;^  cR'!''"'-'^  <li''^^nan 
\'  1  the  by--  'ere 

H ;  vvu  by  tb»  'his 

n    of  th»:  wh;ile  We 


cause  the  biiilding 

it.  and  the  college 

e  Tor  the  r^-ficption 

"•uai 

leal 

atg  it 


;c\'uu  'ivi^iii 


{>lace  ;  and   of  i : 
lave  no  perfect ; 
id  not  large  onfii; 
wants  funds  to  )  • 
of  the  creature  tluii  \ 
collection  more    con; 
riches  of  the  place  we 

more  perfect.    The  skeleton  of  a  whale  waa 
exhibited  in   London  aonr^    v,  n .    r^go,   and 
attracted  much  uotic« ;  bii;  ^naway, 

and  is  now  in  France.    Aii  hv.  si^n 

im  the  Museum  at  Berlin.    Wc  have 

a  perfect  one  in  the  Hunteri  uon. 

The  money  of  the  College  has  bevui  liberally 
poui-ed  out  to  secure  the  straugo  old-world 
relies.    One  Don  Pedro  de  Angelis,  an  active 
lolh'ctor*  who  secured  the  bones  of  the  gl>^- 
toilon  and  mylodon,  on  the  alluvuil  plaiun,  near 
Buenos  Ayres,  received  for  them  uo  la»9  than 
three  hundn^T  VMiun.ls  thirteen  ehillinga ;  for 
the  bones  o  hIod^  found  in  Kentticky, 

another  8p<  ^'entleman  got  one  hun- 

dred and  sixty  pounds  ;   whilst  a  itlx,  Oun- 
ming  reoeived  one  hundred  and  six  pounds 
for  a  set  of  choice  ahuUa  he  collected  in  the 
Philippine  l!»lanilH  ;  making  together  a  hand' 
some  sum  well  spent  to  enrich  the  collection. 
Everything,  however,  need  not  be  sacrificed 
to  the  past.    The  crewturea  of  our  period 
deserve  a. place,  the  more  so  since  the  exten- 
^\.u.    ,.f'  ...... ,.,,..,vp^  ajui   of  whaling   energy, 

Imate  extinction  of  the  mam- 
j:».  If  the  College  cannot  afford 
to  extend  their  building  to  make  room  for  a 
whrde,  let  the  exii:'i^Ii»n  lie  made  by  the 
Government.  Mj'.  Aiuott,  the  President  of 
the  College,  should  pleiul  the  cau''^*  ofhn**uce 
to   Lord  John  Russell;   ajid    t  r — 

himself  an  author  tiB  well  ua  ^  u^ 

could  scarcely  v\  i ' '         '    '  uuw  that 

he  has  an  exche 

But  the  con&iiiria.i'ij  ,..  >,..>,.  .uight  be  in 
the  Himterian  Museum  must  not  divert  our 
attention  fixim  the  mrmv  Tiilnc^a  it  coutaina. 
Walking  along  the  t-  we  gradurdlj 

obtain  an  idea  of  ho v  it  these  ridiea 

are.  We  see  around  contiiliutions  from  all 
countries ;  hundreds  of  ?k€*letona  ;  but  not 
one  horror.    All  ai^e  ■  i,  and  white — 

bone%  dry  bones — bn  ,  up  In  ;dJ  the 

characteristic  attitudes  ot  ntv,  A*ia  tjcnds 
its  elephant ;  Aftica  Its  oitfueleo]»ani,  and 
its  hippopotamus  j  the  new  woj  '^  '  ^  ?<tra- 
lajbiu,  ita  Lagantic  extinct  blnl, :!  ''■:i  of 

New  ZeaSand  ;   Europe,  a  »)»ec  mt. 

gigantic  deer.  The  birds  of  tin- 
of  the  field,  the  fiflh<^  of  the  &< 
of  creeping  things,  the  reptiles  of  ooity  livew 
and  marshes,  and  dark  forests,  send  each  their 
cotitribution  to  this  assemblage  of  all  things 
—this  bony  parliament  of  the  natural  crea- 
tion—this Hall  of  Skeleton  AasemWy— this 


J 


THE  HTJNTEBIA2?  MUSEUM. 


279 


k 


I 


Post  Mortem  Pftkce.  AU  {"est  quietly  ia  com- 
puiy.  lioDd  ukI  lambs ;  dolphins,  turtles, 
luixl  sharks  ore  on  the  veiy  best  terms  i^ith 
€ucli  othtr ;  eAglefi^  hawks,  swans,  and  pmeouB 
p«rcl«  in  harmony,  Dilferent  jxirtionft  w  the 
oainuU  economy  are  also  display e*!  Oae  case 
ooutMDd  fikuila  from  all  piiits  of  the  globe  [ 
in  another  Jire  bi'ains  of  variooA  creaturea, 
beaulifblly  pres^netJ,  and  abundant  enoitgh 
to  satiate  tne  wilder  phi*enol(>gi&t  i  a  third 
haja  stomachs  su&cient  to  startle  any  number 
of  aldenuen,  or  to  outdo  in  cwpadtj  th« 
largest  of  luxurious  corporations.  The  noblest 
acid  the  meaotiat  of  created  things  send  each 
their  contribution  j  from  the  mammoth  to  the 
mouae, — ^from  man  to  the  ape. 

\r)  OM*^  case  ar«  aome  iilustratione  of  the 
il  <  f  the  akin  of  different  creatures, 

n  -t  others  ia  a  specimen  of  the  in- 

tegumta'  of  the  extinct  animal  giant,  the 
mammoth,  diB*K>vered  in  the  frozen  soil  of 
Siberf.'i  -  '  ^  't  must  have  lain  bound  up  in 
ita  CT}  I  doubtlesa  not  for  hundreds, 

but  fJ'i  .„  .....  U,  of  years*  The  story  of  its 
dieoovery  i&  told  in  the  Catalogue,  and  ia 
wortli  rJpte4\ting ; — 

*'A  Tungusian  huntor  and  collector  of  fosaiJ 
irory^  who  luid  migrated  in  1799  to  thej 
peninsula  of  Tnmul,  at  the  mouth  of  the- 
Lena,  near  the  seventieth  degree  of  north 
latitode,  one  day  perceived,  amongst  the 
UodcB  iiictf  and  frozen  soil,  a  ahapeleai  mans, 
which  in  ih-  '-^I'^'-iTig  year  wae  more  dia- 
engageil  &  I   two  projecting  parta. 

In  18«J3,  ix-«  .  ..:.-c  ice  between  the  earth 
and  the  ooserved  bodr — which  was  then  re- 
eogniaeti  as  that  of  a  ntanuuoth,  yielding  the 
tuaka  commonly  fouiul  in  the  soil  of  that 
ooaat — having  melted  more  rapidly  than  the 
rest,  the  ^iormou»  mass  fell  by  its  own  weight 
cm  a  baok  of  sand.  Of  this,  two  Tungtiiians, 
w!;  panied  Mr.  AdaiiiBt  the  recorder  of] 

I  -re  witne«s««.  In  the  month  of 
^A^«i'^ii.  I o».U»  the  discoverer  came  to  his 
mammoth,  antl  liaving  cut  otf  the  tusks,  ex- 
cliongeil  them  with  a  merchant  for  goods  of 
the  value  of  fifty  rubles.  Two  years  after- 
warils,  or  the  seventh  after  the  discovery  of 
the  mammoth,  ISiIr.  Aduu^  visited  the  spot^ 
and  found  the  mnmmoth  still  in  the  £iame 
pUoe,but:!  Hmtilated :  the  Jakutaki 
of  the  nei-  i  had  cut  off  the  flesh, 
with  whirl  their  dogs  duimg  the 
aoirdty.  ^  -,  such  as  white  bears, 
wolves  w  I  ^  *' xesj  also  fed  up<in 
it,  and  the  tVx>tatep0  were  »een 
ai^yuml     T  lif  -" ^ i--'^ I V cleared 

II?  excep- 
i[  ^  1  off  by 

II  ,  with  oth  the 
al^  ,  ■  .  ,  •■^ether  by  u  •■  ^-uts, 
aud  Ly  piirt*  uf  the  akin.  The  httiid  vrm, 
ooTCTetl  with  a  dry  akrn  ;  one  of  the  e^u^. 
Well  preserved,  waa  furuLsht*-]  with  a  tuft  of 
hair.  The  point  of  the  lower  lip  had  been 
gmiwed  ;  and  the  up^ter  one^  with  the  pe^ 
boacia  having  been  devoured,  the  molar  teeth 


coidd  Vkc  perceived.  The  brtun  wcls  still  in 
the  cranima,  but  appeared  diied  up.  The 
y&jrts  leant  injured  were  one  fore-foot  and  one 
hind-foot ;  they  were  covered  with  skin,  and 
had  Btill  the  sole  attached.  The  ^m^  ol 
which  mbout  tlu-ee-fourths  were  saved,  was  of 
a  dark  erey  colour,  covered  with  a  reddish 
wofjl,  and  ooarae  Long  black  h^irs.  The  damp- 
ness of  the  spot  wh^e  the  animal  had  lain  so 
long,  had  in  some  degree  destroyed  the  hair. 
The  entire  skeleton,  from  the  fore-part  of  the 
^uU  to  the  end  of  the  mutilated  tail,  meajsored 
sixteen  feet  four  inches ;  ita  height  waa  nine 
feet  four  inches.  The  tusks  measojned  along 
the  curve  nine  feet  six  inches,  and  m  a 
straight  line,  &om  the  base  to  the  point, 
three  feet  seven  inches. 

^'  Mr.  Adams  collected  the  bones.  He  next 
detached  the  skin  on  the  side  on  which  the 
animal  had  lain,  which  waa  well  preserved ; 
the  weight  of  the  skin  was  such,  that  ten 
persons  found  great  difficulty  in  transporting 
It  to  tlie  shore.  After  this,  the  ground  waa 
dug  in  different  placea  to  ascertam  whether 
any  of  ita  bones  were  buried^  but  prmdpaliy 
to  collect  ail  the  hairs  which  the  white  beat^ 
had  trod  into  the  ground  whilst  devouring 
the  flesh,  and  more  than  thirty-:^x  pounds 
weight  of  hair  were  thus  recovered.  The 
tusks  were  re- purchased  at  Jakustk,  and  the 
whole  sent  thenoe  to  St.  Petersburgh,  where 
the  skeleton  is  now  mounted'" 

Very  many  heads  and  hands  have  contri- 
buted to  CiHuplete  this  museum.  As  its 
name  indicates,  the  founder  of  the  collection 
was  the  self-educated,  aelf-elevmted  ph>-siolo- 
gist,  John  Hunter,  who,  bom  to  the  condition 
of  a  village  carpenter^,  raiaed  himself  to  the 
foremost  rank  as  an  investigator  of  the  laws 
of  Nature,  Hunter  did  not  accept  as  truth, 
all  that  waa  told  him  ;  nor  did  he  i«st  content 
with  what  his  predeceeaors  hail  done  or  said  ; 
but,  intent  upon  the  discovery  of  facta,  he 
went  to  work  for  himself.  Animal  and  vm- 
table  products  of  all  kinds  were  materials  fuu  of 
interest  to  him  ;  come  whence  they  would,  they 
were  made  to  contriiiute  to  his  knowledge  of 
natural  things ;  and  when  his  akill  .'uid  hia 
fimie  grew,  and  aa  skill  and  fame  gave  money 
and  power^  both  were  uaed  for  the  acquisition 
of  a  larger  stock  of  materiala  for  observation. 

During  his  lifetime  he  pi-epared  and  aceu- 
mulated  a  marvellous  number  o^  spedmena; 
and  when  hia  sudden  death  whilst  attendinfir 
at  St.  Ge^^rge's  Hospital,  brought  enemies  and 
trieu<l»  .'ilike  to  a  recog:nition  of  his  gi>^t 
Hervict>.*4  to  i?eieijce,  it  waa  determined  to  buy 
hLn  mi):^eum,  with  funds  provideii  by  the 
public  purs**,  and  to  place  ita  c«jnteuts  where 
they  niyght  be  ready  for  public  i-eftrenoe. 
The  valuable  charge  was  lir»t  offered  to  the 
College  ol  Phviiidaus,  and  declined  upon  the 
^•le;L  that  they  were  too  poor.  It  was  next 
odtivtl  to  the  College  of  Suj'^eana,  and 
accepted.  The  Government  voceti  a  portiofi 
of  the  money  neoestary  for  buil^iing  a  Tnuattim^ 
the  Colk^  finding  the  rest.     Sinoe 


S60 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


[Cmfacftdl^ 


without  any  help  from  the  taxee,  the  colkc- 
tion  h&8  bo<!n  iucroAMud  and  enriched  fram 
various  8ourc;e8. 

Fitleeii  hundred  pounds  were  given  for 
Afleen  hundred  preparations  left  behind  liin> 
by  81  r  Astley  CWper  ;  four  hundred  and  fifty 
Ifounda  wc-re  given  for  four  Ininrlred  and  fifty 
mtahi  bv  AIj\  Liwton  ;  eight  hundred  and 
slxty-figliit  pounds  for  preparationa  mnde  by 
"old  Brooks/*  and  seven  hundriHl  and  aLxty 
jpounds  for  a  number  of  spcKMnit^ns  propnred 
by  Mr.  Langstaff.  Innumerable  thingB  have 
been  given  by  iliffcrent  scientific  surgeons 
and  others,  until  the  total  of  the  com- 
bined supply  mftkes  up  wimt  we  see — un- 
do ubt^nlly  the  finest  physiological  collectiou 
in  the  world.  TJie  whole  cost  of  brin^nng  the 
thing  U}  itn  present  f>erfection  ha*  been  very 
great.  Since  the  rauaeum  has  been  in  charge 
of  the  CoUege,  it  is  caJculattMl  that  they  have 
spent  upoD  itj  in  specimeOH^  tydaries,  cata- 
logues, and  pre8er\'atiou  (a  very  cf>8tly  Vniai- 
ne»H)  upwania  of  aixty-six  thousand  iToundd. 

With  the  consequences  entailed  by  its 
custoiJy  (ingloriou&l}"  eac&pefl  by  the  Cullege 
of  Physicians)  the  sum  spent  has  been  much 
larger  still.  This  hua  come  almost  wholly 
out  of  the  fees  paid  for  diplomas,  the  College 
having  no  property  in  bou&es  or  lands ;  and 
such  being  the  case,  now  that  they  see  the 
museum  has  grown  and  grown  till  it  almost 
chokes  up  the  existing  space  for  it«  reception 
— largii  though  that  be — and  now  that  speci- 
mens are  hidden  up  for  want  of  space  for  their 
display  ;  the  public  may  fairly  demand  that 
aid  from  some  source  may  be  given  for  its 
proper  expansion.  In  other  countries  the 
Goveniment  are  foremost  in  their  provisign 
for  acience  ;  in  ours,  the  public  voice  has 
often  to  be  raised  again  and  again  Ijefore  a 
scanty  dole  is  affoinied  for  such  public  pur- 
pofies.  About  three  thousand  a-Vi'ar  is  now 
apent  out  of  the  funds  of  the  aurgicjil  public 
for  keepiuff  up  this  national  muReuin — open 
to  the  natmn  without  fee  or  stint,  with  no 
twojvemiy  fee  at  the  door,  oa  they  have  at 
St.  Paura — a  museum  into  wliich  the  contri- 
butions of  science  are  ever  and  anon  pouring 
new  abundance.  The  Government  of  FrancCj 
or  Prussia,  or  £uBsia,  if  they  had  such  an 
institution,  would  surely  not  stint  somethiug 
for  house-room.  Why  should  the  Govern- 
ment of  £ugland  7 

Whilst  to  the  scientific  this  museum  atforda 
itmple  means  for  study,  it  has  also  poijita  of 
ileep  interest  and  instruction  for  the  simplest 
of  unlettered  visitors.  On  a  pedestal  in  the 
centre  of  the  room,  stands  the  skeleton  eight 
feet  high  of  the  Irish  ^ant,  O' Byrne,  the  ti\ing 
human  wonder  of  his  day.  He  died  about 
seventy  yeara  ago,  when  only  twenty-two 
years  ohl,  his  death  being  hastened  by  his 
love  for  drink.  His  last  fe^rs  were,  that  his 
enormous  fnime  might  fall  into  the  hamis  of 
the  doctors,  and  he  made  those  about  him 
promise  to  carry  his  body  out  to  sea,  and 
tmk  it  there,    oo  remarkable  a  speeunen  of 


the  human  family  was  not,  however,  fated  to 
b<*  utterly  lost.  A  hundred  yeais  miglit  pass 
without  producing  another  man  of  the  same 
height ;  extraordinary  exertions  were  made 
to  secure  his  skeleton,  ami  John  Htintcr 
succeeded  in  adding  it  lo  Ida  museum,  but 
not  without  an  expenditure  of  a  very  large 
sum  of  infiney  to  the  depraved  aasociates  of 
the  druidcen  dead  giant.  Beside  O'Byme^B 
skeleton  are  those  of  an  adult  man  and 
wonjan  of  the  onlinary  stature,  and  the  con- 
trast i»  sufficiently  complete,  A  more  striking 
one,  however,  is  secui^ed  by  a  fourth  skeleton, 
tlmt  of  a  little  woman,  known  thirty  yeai» 
ago,  as  the  Sicilian  Dwarf.  Her  name  was 
Choline  Oachami,  and  she  was  exhibited  In 
various  part«  of  England,  being  much  leas 
than  two  feet  high  !  She  flied  in  Old  Bond 
Street,  in  1824,  and  her  skeleton  meaaureg  but 
twenty  inches.  Tlie  man  who  put  up  her  skele- 
ton, htui  evidently  a  dajrih  of  the  satirist  in  hb 
comjKJsitiun  ;  for  at  tlie  foot  of  the  tiny  bony 
frame  lies  a  silk  stocking  that  once  clothed! 
the  dwarfs  leg,  and  a  little  ring  filled  with 
pearls,  and  a  ruby  that  once  encircled  her 
finger.  The  glitter  of  the  gewgaws  is  a 
silent  commeutaiy  on  the  vanities  once  allied 
to  the  dry  bones  they  now  lie  beside — vanities 
not  limited  to  poor  dwarfs. 

Beyond  the  human  giant,  loom  the  bones 
of  a  «|uadrui>ed  the  skeleton  of  poor  Chuny, 
"the  mad  elephant  of  Exeter  < 'liange/' 
Many  of  our  readers  will  r€meml>er  the  days 
when  Zoolomcal  Gardens  were  unknown  in 
England,  ana  when  Exeter  Change  pi-ojected 
half  across  the  present  Sti-and  neai*  the  end  of 
Cjitherine  Street,  and  nin  for  a  conaiderable 
distance  down  towaixla  Charing  t^>ss — the 
under  part  being  an  ^"cade  for  the  sale  of 
nick-nacks,  and  the  upper  stories  beintr  full  of 
caged  wild-beaats.  Those  who  reujemberthat 
old  favourite  haunt  of  ahonping  laflies  and 
sight-^weing  Tj*)ndoners,  will  remember  also 
the  day  when  the  town  waa  alarmed  by  new» 
that  tlie  elenhant  had  gone  mad,  with  lovo 
and  tooth-acne,  and  waa  breaking  out  of  hi« 
den  ;  and  how,  in  spite  of  drugs  by  pailsful, 
and  poisons  by  the  )>ound,  he  could  be  neither 
cui-ed  nor  killed  ;  and  how,  at  last,  men  were^ 
Bummone<l  from  the  neighbourhood  armed 
with  guns  to  tii*e  upon  the  enraged  creature, 
and  at  last  a  lile  of  gretiadiera  were  sent  for, 
and  all  fired,  and  fired  more  than  two  hun- 
dred muskets  and  rifle  shots  in  vain,  until  at 
length  oue  ball  took  effect  in  the  poor  crazy 
monster  a  bniin.  To  all  who  remember  these 
things,  Chuny  will  appear  an  old  aoqaaintauee 
when  they  see  him  in  the  College  Museum, 
for  which  he  was  Iwjui^dit  at  a  cost  of  two  hun- 
dred pounds. 

Round  alKiut  the  museum  are  many 
other  smaller  objects  of  attraction.  The 
paper  nautilus  is  there  with  a  word  in 
the  catalogue,  <liflsipating  the  old  poetical 
notion  that  their  expanded  arma  are  used  a« 
sails  ;  also  some  beautiful  Italian  models  of 
the  torpedo— the  fiehy  living  galvanic  battery  j 


II 


Cbferl*  DlcbiiM.] 


THE  HUNTERIAK  MUSEUM. 


Sfil 


I  of  most  curiouBly  diaaected  insecta, 
and  also  some  akeletona  of  fiah,  ahowmg,  ewsk 
m  ita  pro})er  place,  the  multitudd  of  anmll 
bones  that  liother  the  hasty  epicure.  One  of 
the  sf)eciniens  is  a  trout  caught  at  Drayton 
Manor.  It  weighed  twenty-two  pounds,  and 
was  sent  by  Sir  Robert  Peel,  aa  a  curiosity,  t^ 
tlie  College,  when  the  council,  in  compliment 
to  the  stateaman  who  dealt  so  much  more 
liberally  with  science  than  many  other 
minjatera  had  done,  spent  a  rouud  sum  in 
putting  up  the  akeleton  in  the  preaent 
atyle. 

Besides  i*emarkable  inatancea  of  normal 
etructure,  maiiy  curioua  freaks  of  natiire  are 
there  alao ;  some  of  them  being  in  a  small 
additional  room  on  the  left  of  the  hall.  One 
of  these,  the  child  with  two  akulla,  may  be 
mentioned.  It  is  the  akeleton  of  a  boy  bom 
in  Bengal,  about  aeventy  years  ago.  flere  is 
the  description  from  tlie  catalogue: — "The 
child  was  healthy  antl  was  more  than  four 
years  old  at  the  time  of  its  death,  which  waa 
occasioned  by  the  bite  of  a  poi9*«io«ft  snake. 
When  bom,  the  body  of  the  child  wais  na- 
turally formed,  but  the  head  appeared  double^ 
there  beiu^,  besides  the  proper  head  of  the 
child,  another  of  the  same  size,  and  to  ap- 
pearance almost  equally  perfect,  attached  to 
Its  upper  part.  This  upper  head  waa  upside 
dot^TJ,  the  two  being  united  together  W  a 
firm  adhesion  between  their  crowns,  but  with- 
out any  indentation  at  their  union,  there  being 
ft  smooth  continued  surface  from  one  to  the 
other.  The  face  of  the  upper  head  waa  not 
over  that  of  the  lower,  but  had  an  oblique 
poedtion,  the  centre  of  it  being  immediately 
above  the  right  eye.  When  the  child  was 
aist  months  oUl,  both  of  the  heads  were 
covered  with  black  hair,  in  nearly  the  same 
quantity.  At  thi«  period  the  skulls  seemed 
^to  have  been  completely  oasified,  except  a 
lall  space  on  the  top.  The  eyeliit  of 
le  superior  head  were  never  completely  shut, 
but  remained  a  little  open,  even  when  the 
child  waa  asleep,  and  the  eyeballa  moved  at 
random.  When  the  child  was  roused^  the 
eyea  of  both  heads  moved  at  the  same  time ; 
but  those  of  the  superior  head  did  not  appeal* 
to  be  directed  to  the  same  object,  but  wan- 
deretl  in  different  directions.  The  teara 
fluwed  from  the  eyea  of  the  superior  head 
almost  constantly,  but  never  from  the  eyes  of 
the  other  except  when  crying.  The  superior 
head  seemed  to  aympathiae  with  the  child  in 
most  of  its  natural  actiona.  When  the  child 
cried^  the  features  of  thia  head  were  attected 
in  a  ainiilar  manner,  and  the  teai^  flowed 
j>lentifnlly.  When  it  sucked  the  mother,  from 
the  mouth  of  the  superior  head  the  saliva 
ttowed  nioi-e  copiously  than  at  any  other  time, 
for  it  always  flowed  a  little  from  it^  When 
the  child  smiled,  the  features  of  the  saperior 
head  aympathiseil  in  that  action.  When  the 
akin  of  the  superior  head  was  pinched,  the 
child  aeemed  to  fetl  little  or  no  pain,  at  least 
not  in  the  aame  proportion  as  was  felt  from  a 


similar  A-iolence  beinp  committed  on  its  own 
head  or  body.'*  A  fuller  account  of  thia  re- 
markable case  of  monstrosity  may  be  found  in 
the  "Philosophical  Ti-anaactions/'  by  those 
who  like  to  seek  it. 

Many  other  things  eouaUy  strange  might 
be  named,  were  it  needful,  for  the  smtiller 
^  museum  is  half-full  of  curious  things.  There 
are,  for  instance,  iliustnition»  of  two  of  the 
moat  marvelloua  cures,  or  rather  escapes,  on 
recoixl : — such  as  the  bone*  of  the  front  of  the 
chest  of  a  man  who  was  literally  impaled  by 
a  gig  shaft,  but  recovered ;  a  seeondj  ar« 
drawings  to  illuati^te  the  injuries  of  another 
man,  a  sailor,  who  was  pinned  to  the  deck  by 
an  iron  spike  at  the  end  of  a  mast,  weighinsr 
aijc  hundred  pounds,  but  who  yet  recovered 
and  is  believed  to  be  yet  alive,  and  well,  in 
Walea.  The  crowning  curiosities,  however, 
are  not  named  in  the  catalogue,  though  they 
stand  in  two  small  bottles,  on  a  mahogany 
pedestal,  in  the  centre  of  thia  smaller  room. 
To  a  man  with  a  soul  for  identicals,  they  must 
offer  great  attraction,  for  they  ai-e  two  jjor- 
tious  of  the  smidl  intestine  of  the  Emperor 
Napoleon,  ah  owing  the  presence  of  the  can* 
ceroua  disease  that  killed  liim.  These  posb> 
mortem  r«lica  were  removed  by  a  i^reneh 
.surgeon  who  aasated  in  opening'the  body  of 
the  deceased  conqueror,  and  were  given  by 
him  to  Barry  O'Meara^  who  presented  them 
to  Sir  Aatlcy  Cooper.  They  offer  acientific 
and  hiatoriciU  evidence  of  the  cauae  of  the 
great  man's  deMh.  Some  time  ago  a  card 
leant  against  the  bottlea,  explmning  the  natui'e 
of  their  contents,  but  more  than  once  a  French 
visitor  to  the  place  became  excited^  and  even 
violent,  on  seeing  the  relics  of  their  venerated 
chief.  One  day  a  perfect  acene  occurred : — 
'' Pertide  Albion  1  shrieked  a  wild  GauL 
whose  enthufliaara  aeemed  aa  thougli  it  hiui 
been  fed  upon  Cognac  "  Perfide  Albion  !  '* 
again  and  more  loudly  rang  through  the 
usually  quiet  halL  **  Not  siSicient  to  liave 
your  Vaterloo  Bridge,  your  Vaterloo  Place, 
vour  Vaterloo  boots,  but  you  put  violent 
hands  on  de  grand  Emperor  himselfl  Per- 
fide !  ijcrfide  1  perfide ! "  ne  yelled  again,  and 
hfwl  he  not  been  resti-ained,  would  have  run  a 
Gallic  muck  among  the  bones  and  bottles 
that  would  luive  been  recoUecte*!  for  many  a 
day.  From  that  time  the  pathological  record 
of  Napoleon's  fatal  malady  baa  been  un* 
numbered,  and — to  the  million  —  unrecog- 
nisable. 

A  popular  enquiry  of  the  place  is, "  Whe^e  'a 
Mr».  Van  liutchefl?  Which  ia  Mra.  Van 
Butchell  T "  The  lady  in  question  was  the 
first  wife  of  Martin  Van  Hutcbell,  a  cele- 
brated quack  doctor,  who,  eighty  years  ago, 
used  to  ride  in  Hyde  Park  a  pony  ]iainUHl 
blue,  green,  aijil  red,  as  an  advertisement  of 
himself  and  his  pretended  cures.  When  the 
good  latly  died»  her  husband  employed  souie 
eminent  medical  men  of  the  day  to  try  a  mode 
of  preserving  her  remains,  and  they  were 
accordingly  embalmcHi  with  turpentine  and 


I 

I 


2BS 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


[Cnimttti^ 


Oici^horated  tpirlte  of  wine.     Sevvnty-&ve 

San  have  ekpned  since  it  wta  donc^  and 
«♦  V*n  Batcli  'V   '    '  Wig  by  her  UfaJ,  Lb 
still  u  most  Vi  tuummy.     Another 

feniuUs  wIkj  dv^i.  .  ,  .-.u  the  a»me  perkxl  to 
be  «o  treated  after  ber  demiM,  and  whose 
yfisk  WHS  realised,  i^  iu  a  sinular  «tatc  of  pre- 
MTVntioD.  Bot  vfe  have  said  euough.  Let 
tho^^e  viho  would  know  more  of  the  fine 
c  go  and  aeardi  out  its  ounonties 

t.  .  .  lv». 

THE  WEALTH  OF  THE  WOODS. 

Those  uncultivated    regioiM,  dotted  here 

ar  ■'  '1 -  with  tre^«,  and  eerried  everywUere 

V  ibles,  which  we  of  Eiurope  call  a 

ki .__,  _  d  garden  compared  with  the  least 
ext«tiaive  ibrest  of  New  Brunswick.  A 
taxuter  only  a  few  hiiudred  yards  from  a 
New  BruusT.>iek  settlement  suddenly  brings 
you  t<»  a  barrier  of  trw*  firndy  root^^d,  side 
by  aide,  iu  tJie  aev*  •    and 

you  art*  tcdd  that  t'j  i  the 

crevices  of  the  trees;  is  jour  wuy  imu  tho 
forest ;  the  reflection  at  onoe  passes  through 
your  mind  tluvt  the  fumed  Daniel  Lambert 
would  havi'  iuj'fu  sm  indiiliirt'nt  bsckwoodsmsn 
However  you  are  in  a,  North  American  wil- 
demeis,  a  few  huixired  Tiides  fixim  the  most 
distant  approach  to  the  comforts  of  civilisa- 
tion ;  ancl  ynnr  re».4ution  to  make  the  best 
of  matters  is  strong.  With  a  desperat*  effort, 
that  rapidly  purajia  the  blood  into  your  face, 
you  force  your  way  through  the  barrier.  In 
a  few  miuuteji  you  mv  buried  in  the  vast 
solitude.  You  hear  tho  chirp  of  birds  at  u 
;-  '  '  lit.  It  is  Haroh,  and  you  are  re- 
ii  it  about  this  season  of  the  yeiir  the 

i  t,  having  socked  the  thick  part  of 

1  troughoui  the  winter,  and  taken  no 

*.•  !  i  of  nuuriihinent,  iasaes  fircan  his 

dsn  in  quest  of  more  i^ubstautiid  fare.  This 
Tiefleetiou,  however  unpleasant  at  first,  is 
soon  dispelled  by  the  marvellous  variety 
of  the  scene.  Life  in  a  thousand  forms 
is  busy  about  you.  Pussy  is  changing  her 
winter  coat  of  wliitc  for  the  grey  of  sum- 
mer;  nnd  the  fox  is  (^nietly  speculating 
ui>oft  the  hen  who  is  sitting  under  your 
neighbour's  shed,  Aflw  a  quarter  ot"  an 
hour's  desperate  scriunbliiig  you  emerge  into 
«  small  open  space  ;  aud  2ire  startled  to  find  a 
bui<y  band  of  people  at  work.  Ou  inquiry, 
you  learu  th:it  you  liave  surprised  the  workers 
of  a  maple-8\igary.  The  sugar  manles,  into 
which  holes  have  Iwseu  bored,  are  noole  ti'^es, 
rifling,  in  some  instances,  to  the  height  of 
serenty  or  eighty  feet  The  ^und  on  which 
they  jgTOw  U  a  gentle  declivity,  in  the  valley 
of  which  a  stream,  with  bits  of  frail  icti  still 
iog  about  its  bauki,  bubbles  along.  The 
of  the  rock  or  sugar  maple  is  of  a 
daaslinfl  whitcne«is.  The  sugar  camp  it  a 
rough  ahanty,  [titched  in  one  comer  of  the 
cleared  space,  Uj  shelter  those  who  attend 
to  the  kettles.    The  process  of  eztrsctinfr  the 


saccharine  sap  and  redudng  it  to  sugar  is,  at 
present,  rude^  and  perhaps  wastefuK  The 
trees  are  perforateil  with  an  auger  in  an 
oblique  upward  direction,  at  about  twehtv 
inches  from  the  ground,  and  on  the  south 
side.  The  trough,  which  k  to  rweive  the 
sap  is  pbced  at  the  foci  of  the  tree,  and 
left  there  throughoxit  the  day,  at  the  close  of 
which  its  coDtents  are  |ioure<l  int*>  cas>ks,  or 
into  a  huge  trough  made  of  the  hollowed 
trunk  of  a  binh  trwe.  The  evaporation  is 
kept  up  by  a  brisk  tire,  night  aud  d^iy,  until 
the  liquid  is  riMbiccd  to  a  syrup.  It  is  then 
strained  throujjh  a  blanket.  Afterwards  it 
18  boiled  till  reduced  to  the  firoper  consisteix^ 
fur  l>eing  fx»urr«l  into  the  rnouids.  When 
M^aperly  refineti,  the  majiltMingar  of  New 
Barunswick  equals  in  quality  ftnd  Ijeanty  the 
finest  sugar  conhume<:l  in  Europe.  Mapk'  8a]k 
Ib  also  convertible  into  vinegar  by  acetous 
fermentation  under  the  rays  of  the  sun. 

Maple-sugur  is  consumed  throughout  New 
Brunswick,  and  in  various  other  partfl  of  t  he 
American  Contineut.  Some  of  tho  sugaries 
tap  eight  himdred  trees  annually  ;  yet  tVicse 
trees,  so  valnahle  for  their  saccharinf>  matter 
(and  the  extraction  of  which  dfws  not 
retard  their  growth),  have  been  indlscri' 
minately  felled  by  the  settlers ;  nnrl  already 
many  New  BnmBwick  fannci-si  when  they 
hear  of  the  pains  the  pt'Oj^p  of  the 
United  States  are  taking  to  plant  maple 
orchards,  look  back  with  regret  to  the  noole 
maple  groves  they  have  choprTcd  up  into  fire- 
wor»d,  Tlie  wooii  when  workevl  has  a  ro«y 
In  silky  texture.  It  exhibits  two 
I  forms,*  wliich  give  it  a«lditlouaI 
v.inir  111  the  eyes  of  cabinet  makers.  One  is 
known  a*  **  curietl  maple,"  that  h,  rnaple  with 
an  nmiulating  grain,  such  as  the  i-e*]  flowering 
maple  (which  also  grows  plentifully  in  the 
deuse  forests  of  New  Brunswick)  often  shows. 

The  second  accidental  fonnation  of  which 
cabinet  makers  take  advantage*  in  found  only 
in  old  trees.  It  consists  of  an  inUexton  of  tho 
fibre  from  the  circumference  towanls  tho 
centre,  protlndng  spots  of  half  a  line  in 
diameter,  sometimes  contiguous,  Jind  some- 
times several  lines  apart.  This  foi*raa1ion  is 
called  **  bird*B-eye  maple."  The  sugar-mnnle 
is  now  beginning  to  be  imported  into  this 
country  in  oonsideirable  quantities.  Even 
from  the  excrescences  or  knobs  of  this 
l>eautiftil  and  vidnable  tree,  cabinet-work  of 
rare  beauty  is  manufactured  by  the  French, 

Passing  from  the  sugary,  and  leu  \  1 

you  the  gi-aceftil  rows  of  silver  ;  lL 

look  like  fairies'  wandi*,  you  may  pasjs  -  tii  or 
two  stunted  grey  oaks.  The  severe  winter 
dwarfs  them,  yet  their  w.wd  ia  iwjund  and 
hard,  and  serves  for  agricultural  imtdemeBt^ 
and  sleighs.  Your  attention  is,  nowever, 
soon  taken  from  the  puny  oaks  to  be  rivetted 
upon  some  magnificent  specimens  of  ve^:tlar 
tion.  The  gi-and  walnut  or  butternut  trees  of 
New  Brunswick,  are  hanily  known  in  En- 
rrlond.    The  butternut,  however,  makes  nobis 


I 


t 


I 


w 


(imberp  and  most  xisei^il  for  mauj  important 
piuiiosea.  It  sometlnifs  grows  to  the  heigbt 
of  eighty  foet,  mid  iis  brandiea,  which 
gcaerall;>'  alioot  at  a  tight  juigW  from  the 
tnuik,  ffi%*e  it  a  wide-spreading  and  luxuriant 
tuft.  The  iruit  of  this  tree  is  an  oily  nut, 
called  a  **  butternut/'  wliich  the  settlers 
vickie.  The  bark  of  the  tree  makes  an  excel- 
lent yellow  dye.  Butternut-wood  is  a  most 
valuttfde  timber ;  it  hois  j^reaL  p^.^wei's  of  re- 
ElslMUce  to  heat  and  uit»iature.  For  coach- 
pauela  it  is  in  rei^uest  froiu  it.H  lightueas, 
ioughueu^  and  the  m;LDuer  lu  which  it  re- 
ceivee paint.  At  Fiederietou,  butternut  wood 
is  used  generally  for  furniturt'.  The  grain  is 
hiuulsome,  easily  worked,  and  susceptible 
of  a  good  polish.  Some  of  the  public 
buildings  of  r  rederictou  have  been  fitted  up 
with  butttmut  wtK)d  with  a  moat  pleaain^ 
effect ;  yet  this  timber  i^  never  importea 
into  this  country,  although  it  can  be  pro- 
cure^l  in  krge  quantities  and  blocks,  and  is 
eadly  proj»agated.  Near  the  ^:reAt  butter- 
nut tree  you  will  find  the  fiowery  dog-wo<xi, 
a  most  useful  timber  &om  its  baldness  and 
the  beauty  of  its  grain.  Its  diminutive 
proportiona,  however,  render  it  u^eleaa  ex- 
cept for  tool  handles,  or  otlier  equally  small 
articJea, 

Upon  a  gentle  decLi^itj,  or  in  a  valley  of 
rich  soil,  you  find  the  taU  and  aleuder  cano^ 
birch,  another  most  valuable  and  beiautilul 
tree.  The  vood  of  thia  birch  exhibits^  im- 
mediately Inflow  ita  first  xmmificiitioii,  gentle 
indulatiuiia    of   the    fibre,  which  American 

C*  tera  turn  to  account  for  inlaid  work.  The 
k  of  thia  birch,  however,  m  the  modt 
v&luablfi  part  of  it.  From  this  bark  the 
Indians  manufacture  various  ornaments  and 
builtl  their  canoes 

In  close  proidmity  to  the  ash,  and  sur- 
rounde<l  with  black  spruce  and  hemlodc 
spruce,  you  find  a  tall  tree  with  a  stem  like  a 
sLaft  of  gold  Its  loiwesl  branch  is  forty  feet 
from  the  ground.  This  is  the  yellow  birch, 
esteemed  by  cabinet-makers  for  itB  durability, 
and  its  handsome  appearsjoce  when  poliahea  y 
large  quantities  of  it  reach  Europe.  It  is 
Irom  the  bark  of  this  tree  that  the  empyreu- 
matic  oil  is  extracted  with  which  Russian 
leather  is  dreased,  and  it  is  &om  tlus  oil  that 
pre]>£a'ed  Eussiaa  leather  obtains  its  peculiai 
odour.  The  most  useful  of  the  Ajnerioon 
birches,  however,  is  that  species  known  to  the 
Canadian?  as  cherry  birch,  and  to  the  iuhabi- 
tftnts  of  New  Brunswick  as  black  birch.  It  is 
tjnported  into  this  country  in  large  quantities. 
Under  water  it  is  almost  unperishable  ;  but 
its  tendency  to  warp  when  dry,  detracts 
greatly  finom  its  value  for  furniture.  For  that 
part  of  vessels  which  is  un.ier  water,  thia 
wood  is  extensively  used.  Its  asf^  yields 
exoeilent  vinegar,  and  its  leaves,  when  nibbed 
—  ^  dried,  emit  a  pleasant  perfume,  or  make 
a  refreshing  infusion  when  steeped  in  milk 
«tui  sugar.  Its  inner  bark  is  valuable  for 
taaoing. 


Tou  ramble  on,  pushing  your  way  through 
the  dense  underwooil-  st.irt'n-'-   tuilhv  li:i.t<-*i. 
catching  a  glance,  |' 
of  a  quiet  fox  maki  <  _^ 

tip-toe  with  grotesque  c^miiiju,  wr  pausing  iu 
astonishment  at  the  shrill  cries  of  some  of  the 
^rreat  birds  that  flaunt  lasdly  about  in  the  air. 
When  you  get  upon  low  moist  ground  vou 
find  the  common  alder  and  the  black  alder 
growing  in  thick  cluaters.  The  wood  of  the 
alder  takes  black  better  than  any  other 
timber  ;  from  this  property  chiefly  it  derivea 
its  value-  With  sulphate  of  iron  the  bark 
forms  a  good  black  dye  for  wool,  and  this 
dye  is  not  unfrequentily  used  hy  American 
hattera. 

To  see  the  wild  cheny  tree  to  advantage 
you  must  take  a  forest  ramble  about  the  end 
of  August.  You  will  then  find  the  wild 
cherries  hangiug  in  rich  profiiaion  above  you. 
You  wiU  seldom  find  the  wild  cherry  tree  of 
New  Bruuswiek  exceed  thirty-five  feet  in 
height,  with  a  trunk  avenging  fr^iim  eight  to 
ten  inches  in  diameter.  The  wood  is  of  a  dull 
light-retl  tint,  which  deepeiii*,  with  age,  into  a 
brilliant  brovs-n.  In  the  United  States,  where 
the  tree  grows  to  a  large  size,  it  is  so  worked 
that  it  rivals  the  beauty  of  the  finest  ma- 
hoganj-.  The  settlers  of  New  Brunswick  turn 
the  wild  cherries  of  their  forests  to  account 
by  extracting  a  liqueur  from  it,  whicb,  when 
caretully  prepared^  is  said  to  outrival  the 
Kirachwaflser  nnwle  from  the  cherries  of  the 
Black  Forest.  Now  and  then  in  your  forest 
rambles  your  sense  of  smell  wUl  be  gratified 
with  the  odour  emitted  from  that  almost 
useless,  though  gracefiil  tree,  the  balsam 
poplar.  Thia  odour  comes  from  a  yellow  gum 
which  exudes  from  the  spiing-buda  of  the 
tree.  The  American  aspen  is  a  t^ider,  graceful 
ti*ee ;  the  larger  kind  is  a  valuable  wood, 
e(]ual  in  richneaa^  when  carefully  polished,  to 
satin-wood. 

It  has  been,  and  probably  is  stilly  a  matter 
of  dispute  which  tree  is  the  monarch  of  the 
North  American  forests.  The  oak,  of  which 
Englishmen  are  so  proud,  is  a  uuny,  sickly 
plant  in  new  Brunswick,  oversWlowed  by 
the  butternut  and  cheny-birch ;  but  the 
rambler,  who  has  a  sense  of  the  beautiful, 
will  give  a  decided  supremacy  to  the  beech. 
All  )M>tanists  have  united  in  extolling  the 
Tuaignifirtint  feathery  foliage  of  the  beech  i  ita 
grand  proportioois,  its  roots,  like  the  claws  ot 
a  giant  stretched  alon^  the  surface  of  the 
earth  around  it^  then  suddenly  plunged  below. 
The  traveller  in  New  Brunswick  will  sud- 
denly find  himself  buried  in  a  dense  forest 
consisting  entii-el}*  of  these  noble  trees — such 
a  Ibvest  is  one  of  the  grandest  scenes  in 
nature.  The  white  birch  depends  for  its  pre 
servatiou  upon  its  marvellous  beauty,  inas- 
much as  it  can  niimster  to  the  wants  of  mm 
only  in  the  shape  of  firewooci.  The  red  birch 
is  less  ornamental,  but  more  uscf*d  than  ita 
gorgr-ous  brother.  Bed  beech  timber  is 
stronger  and  tongher  than  oak,  but  less  «tl^ 


884 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


CCoB4«a*l  br 


Water  U  almost  '  -^  to  oomipt  it ;  but 

variable  aluio«|  ily  destroy  it.  After 

forty  yearn"  imu..  -  ..  m  water  it  baa  been 
found  an  &oimd  :%&  when  it  wiu»  felted.  The 
fill* '«  'luH'lmt'iiii  ot  this  timtiKT aro  to  be  found 
Etiward  Island.  Timid  ratnblers 
^oiue  conceni  tljat  the  Ixjars  i-esort 
tu  tM  i^ech  forestB  to  satiaiy  tlieir  partiality 
*  for  beech  nuta. 

Here  and  there  you  come  .icrosa  a  speci- 
men of  the  iroii-wtKjd  tree.  It  is  a  Btunted 
plants  liut  ofteu  excelling  seventeen  feet  in 
netsht.  The  flue  grain  and  weight  of  its 
limber,  however,  gives  it  a  particular  value. 
Neai-  tlie  bnlliant  yeUow  birch  the  aah  will 
jji  TinvJlv  Ih?  found.  Tlie  white  aah  is  toiigh«r 
I  :tir  than  oak;    but  is  principally 

I  fur  its  remarkable   elasticity.     In 

aw(au|jy  ground  the  black  aah  thrivea.  Ita 
woo<l  IB  yet  more  elastic^  though  weaker  than 
that  of  the  white  aih — it  is,  however  rich  in 
alkali. 

You  will  alao,  in  the  courae  of  the  shortest 
forest  ramble  In  New  Brunswick,  oom«  upwith 
lof)^  specimens  of  white  and  red  elm.  These 
trcms,  remarkable  for  their  beauty  wherever 
they  are  found,  are  in  the  forests  of  New 
Brunswick  mi^ificent  planta,  reaching  some- 
timea  one  hun<&ed  feet  in  height.  The  tough- 
ness of  elm  timber  forms  its  chief  value.  It 
ptriahes  rapi<ily  when  exposed  ^temately  to 
Wet  and  dry  atmogptherea,  but  imder  water  it 
lai^s  in  a  sound  c(>ndition  for  centuries.  Bed 
v'  '    r  reaista  vanable  weather  better 

t  ahite  elm,  but  its  grain  is  ooarse. 

.  V  "  -  *  i  c  tree  to  be  found  in  the  looee^ 

I  s  t  w  Brunswick  fomta^  is  baas- 

\  American  lime.     It  is  a  hand- 

o(  Little  more  value  than  the 

o       ^  '     '  ■ 

1  he  8i>ei:ulative  man  cannot  walk  ten  paces 
in  wiy  i»an  of  the  vast  forests  of  New  Bruna- 
wivk,  without  pausing  to  inquire  how  it  is 
that  the  wealth  he  sees  about  him  lies  there 
miprodQetive,  In  the  noble  trees,  the  heads 
of  wiuoh  are  tost  in  the  clouds,  the  utilitarian, 
whom  it  18  the  &ahion  to  deride,  sees  ao  many 
Imcipient  ann-ehain  and  aofiH.  He  notea  how 
tlie  handsome  knotty  branch  of  yonder  elm 
night  be  fiiahioned  into  a  garden-diair.  If 
this  current  of  reflection  be  indulged  at  the 
expense  of  a  little  poetry ;  if  a  man,  with  a 
liatchet  and  a  foot-rulcv  be  a  leas  poetic  visitor 
of  the  foreat  than  the  verse  maker  who  muses 
in  its  mighty  lab^Tintha,  at  leai$t  the  proeatc 
leveller  <^  arboricultural  monarcha  does  good 
servicft  to  his  kind.  Our  forest  ramble  b  open 
tothecharge  of  utilitarianism;  we  have  not  used 
pt^Baphaelite  colours;  but  while  plettiHikg 
guiltv  to  a  pxadical  tendency  in  our  inquiricB> 
w«  acialt«  peIlli^]^  be  permttted  to  gather  unto 
oaiMlvea  a  wwwlatinin,  in  the  hope  that  aosne 
of  the  woo^l,  the  useful  properties  of  which 
we  have  nodccxl  may  in  due  time  be  fiMhioiied 
into  easel*  Tor  t>m\t>  seraphic  painter  of  rtrj 
an^litkr  vi^ina,  draped  in  a  oosiiime  of  moat 
painful  stimiea&    Gntcful  as  all  men  must 


be,  that  Nature  preaents  to  them  pictures  as 
grand  as  those  olthe  American  solitudes,  they 
cannot,  if  they  look  at  the  question  in  its 
human  lights  be  sorry  to  learu  tliat  there  is  a 
faint  hope  of  one  day  b*»li  l*!!!:  '  tlie  aoUtudcs 
which  the  poet  loves  pt-  rippy  fami- 

lies-    There  is  poetry  in  i  rdi,  as  wdl 

as  in  the  pm^Iy  imaginative.  The  man  who 
first  stayed  the  mountain's  stream  to  turn  a 
mill-wheel,  was,  in  all  probability,  as  poetic  a 
being  as  the  author  of  the  finest  lines  on  ita 
pellucid  wateiis,  the  music  of  its  flow,  and  the 
verdure  of  its  banks.  In  this  view,  let  our 
practical  view  of  the  untrodden  wildemesaea 
De  regarded ;  if  we  have  not  written  poetry 
on  their  beauty  and  their  grandeur,  we  have 
endeavoured  to  show  the  resourees  they  con- 
tain for  the  profitable  exercise  of  that  honest 
labour  which  fails  to  find  ita  due  reward  in 
our  teeming  iahind.  Thus  the  muae  may 
forgive  us  for  taking  our  forest  rambfe 
witn  a  note-book  in  one  hand  and  a  foot- 
rule  in  the  other. 


THE  MAGIC  CRYSTAL, 

It  is  the  f8Bhion^«9peciallpr  among  people 
of  fimhion — ^to  point  with  mty  to  a  tale  of 
modem  witchcraft,  to  an  advertiaement  of  a 
child's  caul,  or  to  the  bond  Ade  certificates  of 
caaes  from  the  takers  of  quack  medicines^ 
and  to  deplore  the  ignorance  of  their  inferiors, 
DeluaionSf  however,  of  the  groasest  kind  are 
not  oonfined  to  the  illiterate.  A  cloud  of 
dupes  have  ever  floated  about  in  the  higher 
regions  of  society ;  while  it  L*  quite  a  mistake 
to  suppose  that  the  re^emenu  and  dis- 
ooveries  of  the  nineteenth  centurv  have  dis- 
persed them.  The  reign  of  Queen  Victoria,  like 
that  of  ElizaV>eth  and  of  Anne,  has  its  Dr. 
Deea,  and  Lillvs,  and  Partridges,  who  are  as 
successful  as  tlieir  precunora  m  gaining  pro- 
selytes who  can  pay  handsomely.  Damsel 
of  high  degree,  nreeh  from  boanding-echool, 
with  hev  head  more  fall  of  synniatliy  for  tlie 
heroes  and  heroines  of  laahioiiafale  novels,  and 
ideas  more  fixed  upon  love  affura  than  om  anj 
legitimate  stodica,  can  easily  find  otit^  thttxifFn 
mysteriously  wxtrded  advertisenients  in  the 
Sunday  papers,  or  througb  tlie  ready  ^poef 
of  frienos  who  have  aliiady  baoome  vrotima 
to  the  ""  science  '*  of  aatrotoey  and  magic,  the 
wher»U)OuU  of  these  awfm  and  wonderfitl 
belngL  There  are  a  number  of  sQte  and 
of  them,  all  vaxyinff  in  sfipsanaioe  and 
of  operational  Tiisra  mn  the  old 
women,  who^  oooaoled  bv  the  glories  of  tlieir 
art,  refune  not  at  Inliabitiw  oomlbrtleia 
garreta  in  the  purtieiia  of  the  New  Ckit,  Imb- 
beth;  and  hiding  tiicir  voealkB  wndor  tk» 
mtaak  of  having  staylaees  or  JnihlKMa  eora- 
plaiaten  to  sell,  receive  iDoe«  vision  from  tlbe 
bshioiiablecEeamaffieigiavia  tliaii  frarn  tike 


have  bean 


known 


to 


paztiea  of  titled  bifieft 
BM«t,  Mhd  pot  OB  tha 


■ 


ChulnlHrkrfii 


THE  MAGIC  CRYSTAL. 


babiliiuenU  of  **  charwomen/'  and  to  pans 
themselvea  off  as  dressmakers.  There  is  an 
old  iDRii  with  iiDsbaveii  heard  and  aeldom 
washed  face,  who  lives  in  more  comfortable 
style  with  his  son,  in  Southwark  {the  favoured 
district  of  the  cotajurors),  who,  to  keep  up 
appearances,  has  **  Engineer,"  hugely  en- 
graved on  a  ^at  brass  plate  over  the  door  j 
who  casts  nativities,  and  loretellsi  event*  of  th© 
future,  for  three  or  five  shillinga,  as  the  appear- 
ance of  the  visitor  will  warrant  him  in  de- 
manding ;  receives  all  his  votariea  sitting  at  a 
terribly  Uttered  table  of  dirty  papers,  with  a 
well-sraoked  clay  pipe  beside  him. — Passing  to 
a  higher  grade,  tne  "  agent,"  or  arranger  of 
matters,  legal,  pecuniar>-,  or  domestic,  only 
practisee  the  black  ai-t  for  the  love  he  bears 
it  and  to  oblige  his  friends,  but  never  refuses 
a  few  shillings  fee,  out  of  respect  to  the 
interests  of  the  science.  Nearly  all  Am  cus- 
lomers  are  people  of  title. 

But  the  most  succefiaful  of  these  astrologica] 
conjurctra  is  the  possessor  of  a  certain  Magic 
Crystal  ;  to  the  surface  of  which  he  pretends 
to  call  up  angels,  constellations^  and  heroes  of 
the  past,  with  all  of  whom  familiar  conversar- 
tions  are  held,  to  the  amaz**ment  of  large 
parties  of  fashionables  assembled  in  elegimt 
salons.  Were  the  rank  and  numbers  of  the 
persons  weak  enough  to  be  deluded  by  sucii 
exhibition's  to  be  divulged,  the  revelation  would 
not  be  credited  by  the  saue  part  of  the  world. 
The  Magic  Crj-stal,,  during  the  Ix>ndon  season 
last  past,  becatiie  the  wonder,  the  talk,  and — 
with  not  a  few — the  belief.  Some  account 
of  the  antecedents  of  Magic  Crj'stals  will  not 
be  without  interest : — 

Tliose  who  have  passed  any  time  in  India, 
will  have  become  acquainted  with  the  use  mudo 
of  rotind  masses  of  rough  hewn  polishetl  glass, 
desiguatetl  Divining  Crystals,  and  bear  testi- 
mony to  the  Buperstitious  awe  with  which  they 
are  regarded.  The  High  Priest  of  the  Bhutldist 
and  Hindoo  Temples  in  former  times,  when 
arrayed  in  the  consecrated  garments  for  the 
festivals,  had  one  of  these  round  knobs — about 
the  size  of  a  large  pendant  drop  of  a  chan- 
deiier^  or  the  top  of  a  beadle's  staff — sus- 
pended from  his  neck  by  a  chain  of  great 
value,  and  of  dazzlinff  briUiaucy.  It  was 
through  the  agency  of  this  crystal  that  he 
was  supposed  to  hold  oommunion  with  the 
spirit  or  spirits  to  whom  he  and  his  followers 
accorded  devotion  ajod  made  interce^siona ; 
and  the  glass,  acting  m  did  the  famed  oracle 
of  Delphi,  gave  oiilers  and  commands,  and 
settled  all  great  questions  that  might  be 
submittal  to  its  spiritual  master.  The  priest, 
although  he  might  be  a  pattern  of  pm-ity,  and 
the  quintessence  of  all  that  was  good,  h'aving, 
however,  the  sin  of  being  in  years,  and  not 
able  perhaps  to  keen  from  the  spirit  in- 
habiting the  cr}  stal  all  the  transactiODS  of  his 
youth,  could  not  hold  direct  communication 
with  it ;  to  arrange  this,  a  cert^tin  number  of 
boys  (and  sometimes,  in  some  of  the  temples, 
yomig  damaelB)  were  retained,  who»  never 


having  mixe<l  with  the  world,  could  not  be 
suppo^et^l  to  be  in  any  way  contaminated  by 
its  vices.  Th^e  alone  were  said  to  be  capable 
of  beholding  the  spirit  when  he  chose  to 
make  his  appearance  in  the  divining  glass 
and  interpreting  to  and  fro  the  questioai 
put,  and  answers  received.  Although  it 
was  not  eveiy  boy  or  "  seer  "  to  whom  was 
permitted  the  gift  of  apiritua!  vision,  yet  it 
later  timee^  when  divining  crystals  multiplied, 
little  ragged  boys  would  run  after  the  parsers 
in  the  streets  and  offer  to  see — anything  that 
might  be  required  of  them — for  an  anna,  cr 
even  a  cake  or  sweetmeat  lu  Egypt,  the 
Divining  Glnm  is  superseded  by  putting  a  blot 
of  thick  black  tluid  mto  the  palm  of  a  bors 
hand,  and  commanding  him  to  see  various 
people  and  things,  of  which  practice  Lane, 
in  his  "Mo«lern  Egyptians,'  givea  some 
curious  disclosures. 

Di\ining  mirrors  were  not  confined  to  the 
East.  Dr.  Dee  waa  the  first  English  im- 
postor who  vaunted  the  possession  of  one 
of  these  ]jriceleas  treasureSL  He  had  for  the 
''  seer "  one  Kelly,  an  Irishman,  and  to  this, 
doubtless,  was  attributable  the  impression 
that  prevailed  among  the  astrologers  and 
amateur  spirit  hunter?,  that  when  the  spirits 
condescended  to  speak,  they  always  gave 
speech  with  a  very  strong  eplee  o'  the 
brogue.  This  "beryl,"  aa  it  is  called,  was 
preserved  amongst  the  Strawberry  Hill  curi- 
oaitit^a,  and  fell  under  the  hammer  of  George 
Rijbins  at  the  memoralde  sale.  It  proved  to 
be  a  globe  of  cannel-eojd.  In  Aubrey^s  Mis- 
cellany there  is  an  engraving  of  another 
larger  crystal,  and  there  is  with  it  (as  also  in 
other  works  produced  about  the  same  period) 
many  wonderful  stories  ;  yet  notwithstanding 
the  magic  capabilities  of  these  mirrors,  they 
went  out  of  fashion  imtU  the  beginning  of 
the  present  year. 

This  revival  and  its  consequences  is  like  a 
page  out  of  a  silly  romance.  The  storv,  if 
told  by  .1  disinterested  historum,  would  re- 
quire authentication  as  belonging  to  the  yejo- 
1850.  We  therefore  turn,  by  way  of  voucher, 
to  a  publication — which  on  any  other  occasion, 
it  would  require  an  apology  to  our  readers 
for  quoting — called  "Zatlkiel's  Almanac  for 
1651."  At  Dage  46  of  that  farrago,  after 
referring  to  tne  existence  of  Magic  Crj'stals  at 
the  present  day,  the  writer  sjvya : — "  One  of 
large  size  (four  inches  in  diameter)  was  a  few 
years  since  brought  over  by  a  fi-iend  of  Lady 
^leasington  ;  after  the  sale  of  whose  effects  it 
recently  fell  into  the  hands  of  a  friend  of 
mine  ;  and,  having  tested  its  powers,  I  have 
resolvetl  on  giving  my  reatlers  an  account  c»f 
this  wonderiul  mode  of  communicating  with 
the  spirits  of  the  dead.  The  crj'stal  is  sphe- 
rical, and  has  been  turned  from  a  large  mam 
of  pure  rock  crysttd.  I  have  been  shown 
some  few  others,  but,  with  the  exception  of 
one  shown  me  by  Jx)rd  S.,*  they  are  aU  much 

*  For  wMob  hU  Ionlslilp»  w«  mv  told,  p«id  ZMtUeTt 
friend  £S0. 


I 

i 

■ 


S8e 


HOUSEHOLD  WOBDa 


iC«BAit(«a4l!T 


cmiJIer.  These  are  said  to  be  consecrated  to 
the  Angela  of  the  plruictf.,  and  are,  therefore, 
far  leas  powerful  thao  Lady  Blessinf^ma 
Crystal,  which,  being  coaaecmted  to  the 
Archangel  of  the  Sirs,  Michael,  may  b«  oon- 
flulted  during  loor  hours  e&ch  day/  whereas 
tlio  othere  can  geoerftlly  be  u«ed  f»nly  for  ft 
verj'  brief  space  of  time  ;  nor  can  very  potent 
»f)intfl  be  cfldled  into  them  or  made  to  render 
themaelves  visible.  It  will  be  seen  that  in 
tltis  large  cr^'stal  spirits  appeared  wiLhont 
l»eing  *  «dle»i»'  ft»  is  usual  -,  and  that  they 
give  us  most  important  information  of  the 
acttttd  tri^ence  or  tht  9oid  afUr  death,  fijtd  of 
tht  $Utff  in  ^hich  i£  exi*ta  mtd  vtii  ejiM  vnitl 
tht  Jud^mtnX.  Tliey  confirm  all  tlie  great 
truths  of  lievelation  and  of  the  Christian 
religion ;  and  they  tell  ub  that  we  should 
take  the  Holy  Scriptures  aa  our  guide  alone^ 
and  not  rely  on  the  dofjmw!  of  any  Churchy  or 
heed  the  opinions  of  any  hummi teachers.  They 
aver  that  Prayer  and  Praise  are  essential  to 
salvation,  but  that  fonns  and  ct^reraoniea  are 
not ;  and  they  say  that  au-  the  spirits,  and 
even  the  highest  Augpls  in  Paimiise,  do  pray 
to  Ot)d,  who  ia  always  plea.'^ed  rvith  earnest 
prayer.*' 

It  \»  this  sort  of  blasphemy  which,  un- 
liAppilv,  makes  the  most  dujjes,  for  weak 
minded  people  mistAke  it  for  reUgicm.  The 
mode  in  winch  this  delusion  was  **  worked," 
we  leam  from  a  Mend  who  accidentally  be- 
eame  aoquainted  with  the  imposture.  He 
says: — 

"  The  fiwt  intimation  that  we  received  of 
the  revival  of  this  notable  practice  of  divina- 
tion was  about  six  montlis  s^o„  when  we 
were  cnsually  informed  that  the  son  of  a  dis- 
tinguished officer  of  the  Boyal  Nav}'  was^  at 
thiU  time,  frequently,  encaged  in  developing 
before  a  few^  privjlegeti  fnendsi,  the  extraordi- 
nary (acuity  of  being  able  to  hold  inter- 
course with  the  world  of  ajiirits.  It  was 
added  that  the  revelations  made  through 
the  meiUuni  of  this  youth  were  of  so  won- 
derful a  nature,  and  ciirried  such  conviction  to 
the  minds  of  those  who  listened,  that  theyj 
were  dechired  to  be  the  result  of  mor6  than 
human  power. 

"  We  made  inquiry  aa  to  the  nature 
of  these  revelatiomj,  and  found — as  we  ex- 
pected —  that  they  were  precisely  what 
might  be  expected,  not  from  a  supernatural 
intelligeoce,  but  &om  a  naval  young  gen- 
Ueman  who  carried  to  the  ceremony  a  fiiir 
proportion  of  that  reaiiiness  of  belief  in 
supernatural  agency  which  is,  more  or  less, 
oharactenstic  of  all  sailors.  On  the  sul^ect 
In  general  these  gallant  offioers  were  ImagiD- 
ative  enough,  but  their  specific  yearmngs 
— w*  are  forced  to  admit — did  not  disi>Uy 
any  very  lofty  range.  Their  questions,  in* 
•tead  of  turning  on 

**  *  Fate,  foreknowledgos  and  free-will,' 

were  limited  to  inquiries  as  to  the  personal 
appearance  of  some  of  our  dLstinguished  naval 


Commanders,  and  il  who  communi- 

nicated  his  repllesy  he  interposition 

of  the  son  of  a  Capuim  u\  riie  Ki'     '  ^ 
mu^t  liave   lieen  somewhat  of   tl 
capacity  if  lie  oould  not  have  s:iii.-..  ■.   .  mi^ 
ingenuous    interlocutor.      One    specimen  of 
this  sort  may  serve  for  a  dosen. 

"  *  Aak  him,*  said  Ix>rd ,  for  such  was 

the  rank  of  the  querist^ '  aak  him  to  describe 
Lord  Nelaon  I ' 

"  Andf  accordingly,  the  spirit,  with  an  ac- 
curacy which  was  quite  astonishing — cooai* 
dering  that  no  portrait,  bust,  or  statue  ot 
Nelsi^  is  known  to  exist — gave  a  full,  li-u< 
and  particular  account  of  England  a  hcro^ 
describing  him  aa  a  very  tliiu  man,  in  a 
oocked-liatj  with  only  one  eye,  one  arm,  &c. ; 
and  the  truth  of  this  desctiption  was  declaiod 
to  be  something  ti'uly  miu^'elloua. 

^  What  the  epu'it  of  Lord  Nt-lson  said  w« 
were  not  infonned,  but  we  have  no  great 
difficulty  in  believing  that  it  was  to  the  effect 
that  '  England  expects  every  man  to  do  his 
duty,^  if,  indeed,  those  memorable  words  wen? 
not  actuallv  u^ed,    Som^-t  ■      _ 
ha%'e  added[  of  an  equallj 
for  we  have  since  djscovticu  uuu  lucrf  if,  a 
formida  in  these  matters.    Whatever  it  waa, 
his  hearera  were  perfectly  satisfiefl    ^^il  ♦i"' 
fame    of  this    appaiition    soon   ^• 
abroad  amongst  the  rtlatiouB  anci  l 

the   noble    ami    gallant    lord    already    ad- 
verted to, 

"Another  boy,  alao  the  son  of  a  naval 
officer,  about  thirteeo  years  of  age,  was  a  skil- 
ful interpreter ;  and  i'veii  if  he  had  not 
been  an  agent  between  two  worlds,  must  still 
have  shone  forth  as  aomeihing  remarkable, 
for  one  young  lady^  the  daughtci-  <)f  a  die- 
tary in  the  Church.  declarSi  that  *in  her 
conversation  with  nim,  upon  mtkipkytical 
sii&jects,  shm  had  been  particuhirly  *fnit^  l.v 
the  depth  and  cleamets  of  his  t\ 
The  youthful  agent  had,  oert&inly,  ' 
tage  over  his  principals  in  this  retiptret,  thoir 
answers  being  mostly  delivered  in  the  hazy 
manner  which  usually  characterises  com- 
munications of  an  oractikvr  nature. 

"  There  was,  however,  on  the  occ^ision  of  a 
matinie  at  the  retireti  naval  officer's,  who  was 
and  is,  the  Arch-Priest  of  this  niy-'—  -^^ 
Spirit  who  spoke  plainly  cnouglt, 
attributes  and  revelations  were  ui 
oomie  and  appalling,  that  wc<  iue  aimo$tt 
afiraid  to  transcribe  them  ;  still,  for  the  bene Ht 
of  our  readers,  we  wdl  venture : — 

'^  A  demand  was  made  that  ttie  spirit  of  a 
deoeaaed  brother  of  one  of  tha  qucrisU  should 
be  8umm,oiied  to  appear. 

"  The  lieutenants  aon  averted  hla  face,  and 
bent  over  the  crystaL 

"  Presently  he  said,  •  I  see  him — he  has  red, 
curly  hair,  imd  stoops  a  good  deal  I  can't 
exactly  see  his  features,  but  I  think  he 
squints.' 

"This  account  of  her  late  bratbar'a  personal 
appearance,  though  not  very  flattering,  aatis 


I 


I. 


itu\a  nitlMk.? 


THE  MAGIC  CEYSTAL. 


fled  the  lady  as  far  aa  it  west ;  bat  htmg,  like 
Macbetii— 

"  • bont  to  know, 

By  tliQ  worst  Taea&&,  the  wotbI,* 

she  required  hirther  proof  of  her  relatiTe^s 
identity. 

"  There  iros  r  pause  for  a  nunitte  or  two,  and 
theu  the  Spirit^«ecr  ipoke  ugadji : 

^*  He  bii0  got  X  acroU  in  bis  hand,  vhich  he 
unfolds  ;  there  is  Ibis  injscription  on  it,  in 
UUirt  pfjire  : 

'^ 'I  AM  TOM!!!' 

We  were  amored  that  this  subliiue  revela- 
tion wad  reoeiTed  with  a  degree  of  aolenm 
aw«,  which  cauaed  our  infonnaiit  to  shake 
with  flUTOreaaed  throea  of  well-bred  laughter. 

"  B^dea  the  particular  caaes  of  *  Tom '  and 
*'lAyTh  Nelaou,  otlicra^  not  a  whit  less  mar- 
'  '(V«  been  dd^scribed,  and  with  perfect 
1  on  the  part  of  the  naj'ntora,  who 
cuiili  liut  be  re&Boned  out  of  their  abaurdity, 
:uid  who  insisted,  moreover^  that  there  oould 
1)0  uo  deception  in  the  matter,  on  aecount  of 
th**  menna  emp]loyed,  and  the  evident  ainceritj" 
of  the  rrnpfoii^ft  I  Tlje^e  means,  they  aaid, 
require*!  that  the  person  who  looked  into  the 
cryatal  should  be  perfectly  pwrs;  that  is  to 
aay,  a  child  free  from  sin  (and  by  no  means 
civeu  to  lyings  ns  sometiraes  happens  with  the 
befft  of  chUdren),  and  that  the  form  of  ndjura- 
tiou  used  wa^  */»  noniiiie  Ikuniniy^  &c. ; 
I^iin  beingf  as  is  well  known,  the  language 
whicb  apirits  of  all  denominationaj  "'  re<Jl, 
Uackf  juid  grer/  are  most  accustomed  to. 
Wbcu  interrocalted  after  this  £iahion,  the 
nriri^  if  evil,  fled  r^t-"  i^'-*v'iTig  (inaudibly); 
if  kihkI,  it  came,  w]  ,  unless  particu- 

larly engaged  in  iAt   :  it  appean*  that 

it  id  to  that  ^anet  almoat  ail  Epirita  go  when 
their  term  oX  puj^atory  La  over." 

Thus  far  we  are  lighted  cm  om*  amostiig 
way  by  private  information  ;  but  for  more 
evidence  of  the  boiderdaah  by  which  edu- 
cat»«i  peraons  are  capable  of  bein*^  de- 
luded, we  must  revert  to  the  Almanac.  Ac- 
oonHng  to  thia  veracious  recNird,  the  first 
spirit  who  favoured  ZadkieJ  with  a  viait  (it 
Was  on  the  29Ui  of  Janmu-y  la&t)  was  Orion, 
of  whom  such  frequent  Uieution  is  made  in 
the  fathers.  He  is  described  as  '^  a  tall  iobxl, 
witb  a  helmet  on,  and  in  armour ;  a  bear  on 
its  bind  legs  near  him  !  He  la  fieTce-looking, 
but  has  a  pleasant  smile." 

Zadkiel  indulges  the  readers  of  Jus  Almanac 
with  woodcuts  of  the  various  spirits  as  they 
are  said  to  have  appeared  in  the  Crystal. 
They  were  di-awD  by  one  of  the  aeers — a 
yonug  gentleman  having  a  knack  with  the 
peuciL  The  bear  "  on  his  hind  legs "  does 
nut  appear;  but  Orion  himself  is,  in  the 
guise  of  a  kxiight,  precisely  like  those  the* 
atrical  beroes  dear  to  the  eyea  of  youth, 
and  sold  at  a  **  penny  plain,  and  twopence 
oolowed.*'  What  renders  this  portrait  quite 
authentic^  is  a  sentence  in  a  letter  which  oiu' 


friend  showed  iia,  from  the  author  of  the 
Almanac  to  an  old  retired  officer,  in  which  he 
speaks  af  the  young  aeer  and  draughtsman, 
OS  a  recreant,  and  denonncfis  him  for  hnving 
owneil  that  what  be  bad  seen  in  the 
was — nothing.  That  the  portrait*  h« 
the  viaions  he  decluifl  lie  h:i\\.  the  anf 
he  pretended  he  '  ,  w^re 

simply  of  bis  own  u  short 

he  had  perjpetrated  wi  egregious  ho«ii.  Aft€f 
the  date  ol  the  letter  in  which  this  is  dolo- 
rously communieatetl,  the  young  artist's 
drawings  are  published  in  the  Aimaoac  as 
authentic  likeneaaes  of  what  appeared  in  the 
extraordinary  glaas  of  spirits. 

The  substance  of  Ori<"!  -  •■'^"  'Miinicatioai  is 
as  follows*  commencin::  aution  that 

what  be  tells  is  not  t/  I     ^  iM>d  **  for  the 

first  half  of  this  year,"  that  is  to  say,  tiU  the 
Almanac  is  ready.  All  his  comjnunicationa 
are  evidently  eopyiight. 

He   Boys    that    the   Crvstal  in  which   he 

appears  was  made  in  the  y^u-  657  b.c.  ;  that 

any  questiooa  may  be  asked,  "  except  wicked 

ones  ; "  that  the  querist  "  cannot  always  be 

told ; "  and  that  he  comes  ''  from  the  atino^ 

sphei-e.'*    Being  out  of  breath  with  talking 

— though  he  sjiys  little  besides  the  alwjve— 

Orion  has  recourse  to  the  expedient  of  ^Hetiara 

of/ire^''  which,  observes  Zadkiel,  in  a  note, 

"  appear    writUn    in    various   ways    in    the 

Cr\*stal ;  sometimes  on  flags,  which  the  Spirits 

hokl  n)» ;  1>ut  sometimes  they  are  in  print*** 

In  these  letters  of  fire,  Orion  thus  counsels 

!  the  querist :  "  Be  merry,    Qiuurel  not.    Keep 

I  your  temper,  and  your  cliildren,  too.     You 

I  are  a  good  man,  but  try  to  be  letter.    I  am 

I  vrimttnl.     Let  me  go." 

I  Besides  Orion,  Siere  is  a  spirit  whom  we 
,  never  had  the  advantage  of  hearing  of  before 
— ^his  name  is  Geoo.  He  is  not  quite  so 
clever  as  Orion,  or  the  i^T)tian  magicians. 
However  we  learn  fi^m  him  that  in  the  Pre- 
adamite  era  the  world  did  not  go  round  the 
Sun,  which  is  wunething  worth  knowing,  and 
would  be  sadfl&ctor^'  information  for  Dr. 
Cullen.  He  also  says»  that  ''The  B&bvlon 
mentioned  in  the  Bevelatians  did  not  aUtide 
to  liome  but  to  London/' 

Without  ti-oubling  Orion  or  Gego  any 
farther,  we  tiam  to  a  few  deceased  celebrities 
who  were  vit  different  times!  summoned  into 
the  Cr\st«i,  and  hear  what  they  have  tc 
tell  us.' 

Milton  i^lat«B  that  the  Idea  of  ''  Faradise 
Lost "  was  suggested  to  him  in  a  dream,  by 
his  guardian  angeL  Homer  was  bom  in 
Athens,  Mid  knows  VirgiJ.  Tacitus,  who  is 
eminently  motlest,  prefera  Csssar  s  account  of 
the  Britons  to  his  own,  and  aays  Uiat  the 
I>niids  weare  ''stupid  iellows  in  general" 
Sir  Isaac  Newton  says,  that  "  Electricity  is 
partly  the  cause  uf  the  moon's  motions,'*  and 
that  **  the  nature  of  light  will  be  discovered, 
but  not  for  a  long  time," 

The  following  specimens  of  colloquies  heazd 
by  laifge  parties  of  amased,  titled,  and  h^ 


Id 


HOTTSEHOLD  WORDS. 


lleviog  UtttenerB,  are  copied  from  the  Almmmc 
iitemtim : — 

*'  Are  voa  Pharaoh,  that  wiw  King  of 
Egypt  ?— Ve«.  Wliere  do  you  dwell  now  I — 
In  Jupiter.  How  Inog  have  you  been  there  ? 
— AIk/uI  thirty  yeari.  Where  did  you  dwell 
till  then  1 — In  the  Atmosphere,  and  was 
undergoing  puni^^"  *  *  M  then.  Were  you 
King  of  Egypt  v,  .  was  there  ? — Yes, 

and  Aaron  Uxy,  li.  .  .  .  uajld  the  Pyramidfl? 
— Svmi.  Were  any  built  l>efore  your  time  ? 
— Ye«.  Do  you  know  how  lone  the  first  wa« 
built  before  Oh ri«t  ? — About  three  hundred 
years  after  Adam  ;  it  was  building  then.  Do 
you  mc!ao  that  it  was  built  Vjefore  the  flood  1 — 
No,  it.  wfta  not  finished  ;  the  flood  desti-oyed 
?m.  What  was  the  principal  object'  of 
!in  1 — Xci  hold  the  Kings  of  EgJl^t,  Were 
there  Kings  of  Eg}']>t  so  aoon  after  the  Crea- 
tion 1 — Y«s  ;  that  w:u*  the  first  count n.'  Kings 
were  in,     Wert  you  drowned  in  the  Ked  Sea  ? 

"  Oo  a  certain  Sunday  Alexander  the  Great 
appea.red — on  horseback  —  in  armour;  the 
horse  sjso  in  rirmour^  &c.  He  is  undergoing 
his  punishment,  but  looks  to  Ixj  releasetl  neit 
Suiiday.  Deeply  regrets  killing  Clitus,  and 
aU  the  murders  he  perpetrated.  Has  seen  his 
father  once  only  ;  not  allowed  intercourse 
with  any  Spirit  till  after  next  Sunday.  Amuses 
himself  in  lighting  his  battles  over  again." 

In  another  Crystal  dialogue,  Emmanuel 
Swed^tibcti-g  objects  to  capital  punishmentB, 
and  also  to  pacing  tithes  to  clergymen.  He 
volunteers  information  about  Sir  John  Frank- 
lin, which  Zadkiel  says  he  should  like  to  see 
"  for  his  wife 's  sake,  and  not  at  all  with  any 
hope  of  reward  from  the  Admiralty  ! 

**  What  do  you  wish  ? "  asks  Swe<lonborg. 
Wliat  is  the  beat  way  to  communicate  with 
him  1  replies  Zadkiel.  "  Btf  thf  nativts ;  the^ 
»pmk  to  him  «o»if<«Vrt<^."— Will  he  be  home 
next  summer?  "No." — Why  H  ^^Beemtsehf 
he  catmot  fitlp  hinutelf ;  h*^  \»  3tt>ppe<i  by  ice, 
but  his  heart  does  not  fail  him  ;  he  want«  t« 
eixplore.*' — How  will  he  tlo  for  prrtviAionjt  f 
"  He  will  find  6«ir«,  c^h/jSj  and  wolves." — Will 
he  find  the  passage  1  "  No  ;  there  is  n  con- 
tinent there." — But  there  is  also  a  passage  I 
"  There  is  one,  but  he  wll  not  find  it/^  What 
latitude  does  it  lie  iiv  chiefly  1  "  I  do  not 
know  ;  ^ood  6j«.*' 

It  appears  odd  that  Swedenborg,  who  knew 
so  much,  did  not  know  this ;  but  we  Icam  in 
another  |  >lnce,  that  "  Spirits  do  not  weU  uiwler- 
stand  about  latitude  and  lougitude.'  Orion 
eeems  to  have  ibeeu  a  trifle  more  explicit,  for 
htt  nlace«  the  expedition  *'  to  the  north-east  of 
Melville  Island,  where  certain  young  gentle- 
men of  i^iuikiel's  acquaintance  had  juat  killed 
a  beai*.  Tlie  voyagers,  we  are  further  told, 
get  *'  a  h'nJ  of  wolves"  (to  eat)  and  "  a  kind 
of  turf  full  of  gas  "  (perhap  to  drink), 

Acconling  to  the  seer  Socrates,  for  he  has 
rather  a  French  taste  in  dress,  came  forward 
in  this  guise :  **  A  tall,  middle-aged  man, 
imther  bwd,  dresmi  with  itnped  cmtrse  trowaers, . 


very  loom  at  the  Up  and  tight  nmr  the  fed;  m 
kind  <s>f fro€k^  open  in  the  froni,  and  withovt 
deevea. '  He  is  generally  employed  in  "singing 
prai9€»,**  but  was  not  quite  happy,  like  no 
other  Spiriii,  he  is  very  jjolite,  for  when  going, 
he  said,  •'  Many  happy  returns  of  your  Birth- 
daj."  ("  It  was,"  aavs  Zadkiel,  «  the  secret 
thirteenth  birthday.'^  It  was  this  young 
gentleman  who  nroved  a  traitor,  and  pn>- 
olaimed  that  he  had  imposed  on  Zadkiel  and 
all  his  frienda 

It  may  be  objected  that  the  miserable  stuff 
wliich  we  have  quoted  must  prove  its  owu 
antidote  ;  but,  when  we  find  tnst  its  author 
boasts  of  the  scores  of  thousands  which  he 
has  sold  of  his  vapid  publication,  and  set« 
forth  the  example  set  by  the  higher  classes 
with  the  view  of  selling  more — an  example 
which  always  tinds  a  <»rtain  number  of 
imitators — we  hold,  that  the  pernicious  ten- 
dency of  the  publication  caIIs  for  exposure. 
Obs<ive  the  dii-ect  effect  of  the  following 
pamgraph,  with  which  Zadkiel  sums  up  the 
nature  of  the  success  he  has  experienced  in 
the  course  of  a  few  monthB— the  italics  are 
his  own  : — 


"  In  concluding  this  account,  I  may  remark  that 
numeroua  t^Udrm  kaye  seen  these  visions,  some 
of  them  the  sons  and  daughters  of  persons  of  high 
rank;  and  that  tertnd  adults  have  also  seen 
viaions*  one  of  them  a  lady  of  title,  another  a 
member  of  one  of  tho  highest  families  in  Eoghmd. 
It  will  be  esaily  eeen  that  deUcacy  preveuts  my 
publicly  naming  individuals  ;  but  I  can  asmire  my 
readeni  that  abmfe  one  kvmdred  qf  the  nobilUjf^  and 
several  hundreda  of  other  highly  respectable  ladies 
and  gentlemen,  have  ezamiaed  this  wonderful 
phenomenon,  and  have  expressed  the  highest 
gratiflcstioD  and  OBtonishment." 

What  is  likely  to  be  the  fiiture  career 
of  **ehildren^^  who  have  been  trained  to  a 
■yitem  of  imposture  ?  And  what  mav 
not  bo  the  influence  upon  persons  of  wealc 
mindsj  of  the  opinions  expressed  by  **  lum- 
dre<k  of  highly  resfwctable  hulies  and  gentle- 
men,'* in  a  commumty  who  hold  "  respecla- 
bUity  "  in  so  much  reverence  I  If  *'  above  one 
hundred  of  the  nobihty  "  are  not  likely  to  find 
imitation,  amongst  their  dependents  alone, 
why  do  we  see  daily  the  ahrewdeat,  monej*-* 
making  tradesmen  of  London  advertising  tae 
''  uobility  "  as  encouragers  of  their  professions, 
or  purchasera  of  their  wares  t  The  answer  is 
obvious. 


TEE    HOirSEEOIB    KAEEATIVE 

OF  CCRREST  EVENTS. 


with  the  turrtiU  numbtr  4^^  Gtmut  EufuU, 
ftnat  Sd.  <aeA, 
THE 

JANUARY,    FEBRUARY,  AND    MARCH   NUMBERS. 
On  the  l*t  0/ January,  1861,  mli  ht  fuMithid, 

THE    FIRST    VOLUME, 

of  PobUc  Oecurrssow,  fa  firery  p*rt  of  the  GIoImc,  dnrliic 
the  j-ear  13M. 


TBbHtheJmt  tktOmee.  fh.  t^  Weinnftm  9tmt  ttmt%,%tn.ni.   FH««4%tBiu»«m  «Alt^fci»»i'' 


THE    CHRISTMAS    NUMBEB. 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 

A    WEEKLY   JOURNAL 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKENS* 


NO-  3-^0 


SATURDAY,  DECEMBER  21,  1850. 


[Pwot  2d: 


A  CHRISTMAS  TEEE. 

I  HA  VIC  been  looking  on,  this  eveiung,  at  a 
merry  company  of  chiloren  afisemblod  round 
that  pretty  Gennan  toy,  a  Christmas  Tree. 
Tlie  tree  was  planted  in  the  middle  of  a  great 
round  table,  and  towered  high  above  their 
heads.  It  was  brilliimtly  lighted  by  a  multi- 
tude of  little  tapers ;  and  everywhere  sparkled 
and  glittei'ed  with  bright  objects.  There 
urere  roBycheeketi  dolls,  hiding  behind  the 
green  leavea  ;  there  were  real  watches  (with 
movable  hands,  at  least,  and  an  endless  capa- 
city of  being  wound  up)  dangling  from  innu- 
merable  twigs  j  there  were  French-poliahed 
tables,  chait^  bedsteads,  wardrobes,  eight- 
day  clocks,  and  various  other  articles  of 
dornesti'j  furniture  (wonderfully  made,  in 
tin,  at  Wolverhampton),  perched  among  the 
liougbs,  as  if  in  preparation  for  some  fairy 
housekeeping ;  there  were  jolly,  broad-faced 
little  men,  much  more  agreeable  in  appear- 
ance than  many  real  men — and  no  wonder, 
for  their  heads  took  o%  and  showed  them  to 
bo  full  of  sugai^plums ;  there  were  tiddlea 
and  dnimsj  there  were  tambourines,  books, 
work-boxes,  paint-boxes,  sweetmeat-boxes, 
peep-show  boxes,  aU  kinds  of  boxes ;  there 
were  trinkets  for  the  elder  girts,  far  brighter 
than  any  grown-up  gold  imd  jewels  ;  there 
were  baskets  and  pincushions  m  all  devices ; 
there  were  guns,  swords,  and  banners  ;  there 
were  witches  standing  in  enchanted  rings  of 
pjisteboard,  to  tell  fortunes;  there  were 
teetotums,  humming-tops,  neeMHe-cases,  peu- 
wipei-s,  smelling-bottles,  conversation-cards, 
bououetr-hold^rs ;  real  fruit,  made  artificially 
rLi2zling  with  gold  leaf;  imitation  apples, 
pearsji  and  walnuts,  crammed  with  sur- 
prises; in  short,  as  a  pretty  child,  before 
me,  ddightedly  whispered  to  another  pretty 
^tfldld,  her  bosom  friend,  •*  There  was  every- 
thing, and  more."  Tliis  motley  collection 
of  odd  objects,  clustering  on  the  tree  like 
maf^ic  frmt,  aind  flashing  back  the  bright 
looks  diivoted  towards  it  from  every  side — 
iome  of  tlie  diamond-eyes  admiring  it  were 
ht/tdiy  on  a  level  with  the  table,  and  a  few 
wen  languishing  in  timid  wonder  on  the 
bosoms  of  pretty  mothers,  aunts,  and  muses 
^nade  a  lively  reahsation  of  the  fiuuaet  of 
childhood ;  and  set  me  thinking  how  all  the 
trees  that  grow  and  all  the  things  that  oome 


into  existence  on  the  earth,  have  theii'  wild 
adornments  at  that  well-remembered  time. 

Being  now  al  home  again,  and  alone,  the 
only  peison  in  the  house  awake,  my  thoughts 
are  drawn  back,  by  a  fascination  which  I  do  not 
care  to  resist,  to  my  own  childhood.  I  begin 
to  consider,  what  do  we  all  remember  iKsst 
upon  the  branches  of  the  Christmas  Tree  of 
our  own  young  Christmas  days,  by  which  w» 
climbed  to  reaflife. 

Straight,  in  the  middle  of  the  room,  cramped 
in  the  freedom  of  its  growth  by  no  encirclmg 
walls  or  soon-reached  ceiling,  a  shadowy  tree 
arises ;  and,  looking  up  mto  the  dreamj 
brightness  of  its  top — for  I  observe,  in  thia 
tree,  the  singular  property  that  it  appears  to 
grow  downward  towards  the  earth — I  look, 
into  my  youngest  Christmas  recollections  ! 

All  toys  at  first,  I  find*  Up  yonder,  among 
the  green  holly  and  red  berries,  is  the  Tuiubler 
with  his  hands  in  his  pockets,  who  wouldn't 
lie  down,  but  whenever  he  was  put  uj)on  the 
floor,  persisted  in  rolling  Ids  fat  IkkIv  about, 
until  he  rolled  himself  stilly  and  brought  those 
lobster  eyes  of  hia  to  bear  upon  me — when  I 
affected  to  laugh  very  much,  but  in  my  heart  of 
hearts  was  extremely  doubtful  of  him.  Close 
beside  him  is  that  infernal  snuff-box,  out  of 
which  there  sprang  a  demoniacal  Counsellor  in 
a  black  gown,  with  an  obnoxious  head  of  hair, 
and  a  ml  cloth  mouth,  wide  open,  who  was 
not  to  be  endured  on  any  terms,  but  i 
not  be  put  away  either;  for  he  used 
denly,  in  a  highly  maguiiied  state,  to  fly 
of  Mammoth  Snuif-boxee  in  dreams,  when 
least  expected.  Nor  is  the  frog  with  cobbler^ 
wax  on  his  tail,  far  off;  for  there  ^ 
knowing  where  he  wouldn't  jump ;  and  wl 
he  flew  over  the  candle,  and  came  upon 
hand  with  that  spotted  back— red  on  a  green 
ground — ^he  was  horrible.  The  cardboard  lady 
m  a  blue-silk  skirt,  who  was  stood  up  against 
the  candlestick  to  dance,  and  whom  I  see  on 
the  same  branch,  was  milder,  and  was  beautiful ; 
but  1  c^m't  say  as  much  for  the  larger  card- 
board man,  who  used  to  be  hung  against  the 
wall  and  pulled  by  a  string ;  there  was  a  sinister 
expression  in  that  nose  of  his ;  and  when  he 
got  his  legs  round  his  neck  (which  he  very 
often  did),  he  was  ghastly,  and  not  a  creature 
to  be  alone  with. 

When  did  that  dreadful  Mask  first  look  at 
me?  Who    put  it  on^  and  wkj  -waa  \.  v* 


7L.  IL 


S90 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


|Cimatic««4(qr 


frij^tenod  that  the  ^'\'A 

t  t'f  Hf.  IS  Tilt  »-r;i  in  inv 

life  i    It  ia  not  a  hi 

ifl  even  m^aat  to  bo  <! 

Btolid  fimtort"*  ^^   if 

.  ,  .t'-['j    '        >■: 

b«?c&wft  H  hia  tl! 

'  ' '!    >     I,><  l'  . 

would  hiive  do II 

>  h  ;    and   though    1 

should  have  prr; 

11  the  ft]iroii  nvay, 

but   1  wua  noi    .•J'l'jiiil 

»t'  ; 

fiinl  .•mil!  ,-f.     rliiMi  m-    ''l 

1 1  ■  '  ■  „     '  ■             ' 

11 

heart  some  remote 

t^'J 

Tiniversal  change 

a»»i  i 

laid  make  it 

still? 

'  it.  No  dnim- 

M' 

k^d  a  mebmcholv 

11' 

rt  h:mdle  ;  no  rec^i- 

Ji: 

in 

r-t 

:  .    '.,:-.:  ..■'    , 

frral  crlnn 


W;!m1uWSj   and  diMir-sf  flu.^    mu!  u   ri^rd 

r  than  I  . 

I.  tiiW  trjH'u  all 
(which  was  a 

!l^.|^v,  1  .'iilniit,  ;u  ctuiccliiiig  the  fiction  of  a 


^ 


-i-R,a 

ohjthe  wmTming-pan  ! — and  a  tin  niaii-cook  m 
rofile,  w]io  wn«  always  going  to  fry  two  tish. 
rVliat  Barxnectde  jnsti<je  have  I  doue  to  the 
nctble  iVasts  when^in  the  set  of  woor^'^n  platt&rs 
figured,  each  with  its  own  p->  ..'acy. 

as  a  ham  or  torkev,  tdncd  tiiili  ,  and 

j*amished   witli    so;  )i   I 

!  *«rolkct  a*  moiw  !     *  irie* 


t,  for  a  i' 

\    to    hi'    sli 


Maak,  atid  noc  thni  it  wjih  i 
lo  hftvo  it  locked  nyi  nm\  I 
ooo-woro  it.    Til-    ii- 
jixed  fau«,  the  lU'i    l  ; 
anywhore,  \v»h  s 
night  aiJ  porsptt 
k:^  —    ■'  '        •  ■ 


Of 


■>•  111  the 

iih«Oll 


I  (it  ran  out  of 

olidM  wldch  niii  ' 

if  thr  of  the  in^^ 

did  tuiulde  over  one  aiioLljeJ,  ;*4id  waiit 
so,   likf    Punch's   hanJs,   whitt   drj^R  it 

nmtt^r  H     And  if  I  did  once  &1i  "  ' 

poisoned   child,   and    Btrik<!   v 


s  okl  donkey 
' — wn«  iTiftde 

,it1i 


mo 


^i"^  ^ I 

oC,  t^«Mi  !  Jii<?  hide  v 

reooll-ft.  .\]i.i    1}mi 
r  ■ 

Cm 
I 

tl. 

H' 

Cm 

f,t  '.-' 

II 

til  ! 

Ill  i  ol'ieffs, 

bi  brought 

bomo  lor  a  ChristmAJi  prcwiDt,  J'hey  were 
ali  Hght,  then  j  npither  wna  their  Larneua 
nnaeremonioti^y  nailed  Into  their  fhesta,  as 
apppArB  to  he  fhe  cfli*f»  ii^w.  The  tinkling 
work^  of  tl  »at,  la  be 

made  of  qt  ;    and  I 

aliR^ays  thi  r  in  hie 

»hirt  hIecV'  up  one 


compatiy  with 
having  drunk  n 
diaeolv.'ii 
for  ii, 

IT,, 


black   Ictf. 


I,— tli 


tl! 


Wfts  a  mighty  luuu'vi ! 
Ah  I    Thf  Doir^ 


UtU 


»r,  but  w!i. 
Houi^   of 


1 

roHLv 


ling 

'■••nt 

IK 

:.ht. 

U  I  was 

I  don't 

hidf  &o 

luu    with 


r    -     ' itlOTl,     i'V 

-]H>on,  iiri  ! 

1.^.  .  ..,  i  waaiievei  l.v  .,..., u 

:t  iymacfhtm  of  tho  irv*\  lower 

ho  jTipfn  roller  and  i 

how  thick  the  bool.  m 

meelvca.  at  th^i,  bat 

df'Hcit^Iv  smooth 

u,     Wliat  fat 

"A  was  an 

^•'  -n   be 

h» 


w»  A,  and  »o  wore  most   • 
except  X,  who  had  bo  little  % 
I  never  knew  him  to  get  bt> 
Xantippe — ^Hke  Y,  wlio  wju»  :i 
to  a  Yacht  or  a  Yew  Tree  ;  and  Z  . 
for  ever  to  be  a  Zebni  *>t  a  Znnr. 
the  ven' tree  itaulf  * 
l>ean-*!talk — the     lu 
whieh  Jack   cli    ' 
And  now,  thos* 

l>egin  to  -' 
.  throng,  dr:i^„.. 

home  tor  dinner  by  the  J 
And  Jack— liow'  iinblf«,  i 

Hharfjn<?s«.  !     Agiaii 

thote  old  ;  as  I  gaze 

up  at  hini  ;  mid  1  dubaU  witUin  myself 
whether  th«?re  waij  mare  thhii  on«;  Jack 
(which   I  '  ■    ^  -ibloX  or 

only  one  g-  J  a  ok,  who 

achieved  aji  m 


wp 


19  m 

■  ii^s; 


lnDtekMM.1 


A  CHRISTMAS  TREE. 


291 


Good  for  C3m9tTaa»  tjjn<?  i«  the  ruddy  color 
of  t^li**  cJoak,  in  which — the  trctj  nixkinff 
m.  fornat  of  itself  for  her  to  trip  tlirouo'h,  with 


ibling    ^  uer, 

tter  making  iliat 
_,  tetb.     She  was  my 

Idviii'  1  iVU  that  iCI  eouJd  have  maj'ried 
W  Biding' Hood,  I  ahould  have  known 
blLsB.  But,  it  wa8  not  to  he\  and 
vma  nothing  for  it  but  to  look  out  the 
olf  itt  tlio  Noah's  Ark  thci*e,  and  put  him 
in  the  pn.JCesHiim  oxi  the  table,  aa  a 
tei'  who  wna  to  he  degradetL  O  the 
wonderful  Noah'e  Ark  !  It  was  not  found 
BcAWorthy  when  y*ut  in  a  washing-tub,  and 
tbe  ftDim&b  were  crtimmed  in  at  the  roof,  and 
xkeedM  to  have  their  legs  woU  shaken  down 
before  they  ooold  be  got  in,  eveji  there — and 
then,  ten  to  one  but  they  began  to  tumble  otit 
at  the  door^  which  was  but  imperfectly  faa- 
t«T)i'd  with  a  wire  hitch — ^but  what  was  iJiat 
a;.  *  '  :    the  noble  fly,  a  size  or 

tv  lephant:  the  ladj'-bird, 

•'  ii|.h- r>f  art !     Consider 

;  r  ;->  -mail,  and  whoae 

.....    ....„   ....   .. :  ;-m;'.   -\\:xt  he  usually 

bled  forwMLiti,  anil  Ik!  down  fJl  the 
inud  crentiou,  Cuii-ii  r  Noiih  and  his 
■  tobacco-stoppers ;  and  how 
K  to  wai-m  little  fiiigers ;  and 
tlic  t^ik  of  the  larger  aniinala  used 
ually  to  resolve  themselves  into  frayed 
of  string ! 
Hush  !  Again  a  forest,  and  Bomebody  up 
in  a  tree — not  Kobin  Hood,  not  Valentine,  not 
the  Yellow  Dwari*  (1  have  passetl  him  and  all 
Mother  Bunch *m  wonders,  without  mention), 
but  an  Eastern  Kin<x  with  *a  glittering  scimitar 
a&d  turban.  By  Allah  !  two  Eastern  Kings, 
for  I  see  Bnother,  looking  over  hia  ahoulder ! 
Dmm  TTj^rrn  the  grass,  nt  the  tree's  foqt,  liea 
tl  t  h  of  a  coal-blaek  Giant,  stretched 

i*  hifl  head  in  a  lady'a  lap ;  and  near 

ti  rii!B  box,  fastened  with  four  locks 

C'f  teel,  in  which  he  keeps  the  lady 

IM-ui'jii^-i  \wien  he  is  awake.  1  see  the  four 
E<jys  at  hifi  girdle  now.  Tlie  lady  makes  &v^ts 
to  the  two  kings  in  the  tree,  who  sottly 
descend .  It  ia  the  setting- in  of  the  bright 
AAb'u\n  Nights. 

Oh,  now  all  common  things  become  uncom- 
Bftoii  nnd  enchanted  to  mc !     All  liiznj)S  are 
nil  riup  are  talismans.    Common 
rtre  full  of  treaeure,  with  a  httle 
red  on  the  top  ;    tre«a  are  for 
»    hide   in;    beef-»teak«   are    to 
'  >  the  Vfdley  of  Dimnondw, 
stoines  may  stick  to  them. 


drawers  at  ih^  ♦rn1<»  of  PiMDMciu  ;  oohHeni 


are  all  M\ 

up  people 

tnkeii   hut- 
is  the    ei 
>..u..s  for  tl--  ^ 
the  necn-- 
shake.    Aii     L_ 
the  s«ne  tree  a 
whose  shell  the 


habit  of  sewing 

,  to  whom  they 

1  rinc  let  into 

ive,  w-hich  only 

"  Kic  little  fire,  and 

ill   make  tlie  eaith 

-  .:iiported   come   from 

a  tlrnt  unlucky   ilate^  with 

merchant  knocked  out  the 


eye  of  the  genie's  invisible  son.  All  olives 
are  af  the  stock  of  that  fresh  fruit,  conceniing 
which  the  Commander  of  the  FHithftil  over- 
heard the  boy  conduct  the  tictitious  trial  of 
the  fraudulent  oUve  merchant ;  all  ' 
akin  to  the  apple  purchased  (with  i\  > 

fiom  the  Sultan's  gardener,  for  ^'  ,  un^, 

and  which  the  tall  black  slave  i  the 

chiUl    All  da^  are  aasociated -  dog, 

really  a  transi^rmed  man,  who  jumped  upon 
the  baker^a  counter,  and  put  his  jmw  on  the 
piece  of  bad  money.  All  rice  reoals  the  rice 
which  the  awful  lady^  who  was  a  ghoule,  could 
only  peck  by  grains,  becanae  of  her  niifhtly 
feasts  in  the  burial-place.  My  ^-ery  rocking* 
horse, — there  he  is,  with  his  nostnls  turned 
completely  inside-out,  indicative  of  Blooil ! — 

should  have  a  p<^  in  hii*  neck,  by  vii-t i     • ' f 

to  fly  away  with  me,  as  the  woodcti 

with  the  Prince  of  P^isia,  in  the  ai^^...  ^.  ^1 

his  fathers  Court 

Yes,  on  every  object  that  I  recognise 
among  those  upper  bi-anches  of  my  Christmas 
Tree,  I  see  this  fairy  light !  When  I  wake  in 
bed,  at  daj^break,  on  tlie  cold  dark  winter 
mornings,  the  white  snowdimly  beheld,  outside, 
through  the  frost  on  the  window-jwme,  I  hear 
DLnarzade,  **  Sister,  sister,  if  you  are  yet 
awake,  I  pray  you  finish  the  history  of  the 
Young  Kin^  of  the  Black  Islands."  Schehe- 
razade repUes,  "  If  my  loixl  the  Sultan  will 
sviflfer  me  to  live  fujother  day,  sister,  I  will 
not  only  finish  that,  but  tell  you  a  more  won- 
derful story  yet."  Then,  the  gracious  Sultan 
goes  out,  giving  no  orders  for  the  execution, 
and  we  all  three  breathe  again« 

At  this  height  of  my  tree  I  begin  to  see, 
cowering  amont;  the  leaves — it  may  be  bom 
of  turkey,  or  ot  pudding,  or  muict?  pie.  or  of 
these  many  fancies,  jural' 
Cmeofi  on  his  deeert  i- 
among  the  monkeys,  Saii-i.M.i  .uim  ■ii.i.wti 
with  Mr.  Barlow,  Mother  Bunch,  :iii.l  the 
Mask— or  it  may  be  the  result  <»t  inll  rKiion, 
assisted  by  imagination  and  c\  \;^ — 

a  pixnligiouB  nightmare.     It  if  s  -  irijly 

indistuict,  that  I  don^t  know  why  it  s  t right- 
ful— ^but  I  know  it  is.  1  can  only  make  out 
that  it  is  an  immense  aiTay  of  shapeless 
things,  which  appear  to  Iw  pl»nt-«l  on  ?i  v?wt 
ex.aggeratton  of  the  lazy^tongB  tl  i  i  '1  ear 
tlie  t<>y  soldiers,  and  to  be  «ow  1  lose 

'        -  eyes,  and  receding  to  an  '  ' 

ee.    When  it  comes  clos- 


Sd£ 


oMence,  and  waking  in  two  boursj  with  a  sen- 
eution  of  haviij»,'  iKa-ti  atjieep  Iwa  nigh  la ;  of 
the  le;uli?ii  ))opt'leiWtu'38  o(  moniiiig  ever 
(luwiiiiig;  and  the  opprea«ioii  uf  a  weiglit  of 

And  now.  I  see  a  wonderful  row  uf  little 
lights  rise  araootWy  out  of  the  ground,  before 
»  vnjsl  green  cuiiuin.  Now,  &  bell  rings — A 
nuvgic  Bell,  wliich  still  sotUKls  in  my  ears 
unlike  all  other  bclb — and  music  playa, 
ftmid<^  a  hmr.  of  voices,  and  a  fragrant  fimell 
of  •  I  and  oil    Anon,  the  magic  bell 

coin  '    music  to  cease,  and  the  great 

vrcen  'nruuiL  rolla  itaelf  up  majestically,  and 
The  Play  begins  !  The  devote^l  dog  of  Mon- 
tai'gia  avenges  the  death  of  hia  luaater,  foully 
luurdenxl  in  the  Fort^t  of  Bondy  ;  and  a 
hun»on>ua  l\-iua?ait  with  a  red  noee  and  a  very 
little  hat,  whom  I  take  fnjm  this  liour  forth 
to  Miy  Ikwoui  as  a  friend  (I  think  he  wajB  a 
Waiter  or  an  Hostler  at  a  village  Inn,  but 
lamty  years  have  p;ua»ed  since  he  and  I  liave 
met),  remarka  that  the  Ba^itraBsity  of  that 
flog  ia  indeed  surinisiiij^  ;  aiiti  evermore  thiH 
jocuhu-  conceit  will  live  iu  my  remembrance 
freeh  and  unfadiiicr^  overtopping  all  poosible 
jokes,  unto  the  end  of  time.  Or  now,  I  learn 
with  bitter  te;irs  how  poor  Jane  Shoi^,  dreaaed 
all  iu  white,  and  with  tier  brown  hair  hanging 
down,  went  fetarving  through  the  streets  ;  or 
how  Creorge  liarnwell  killed  the  worthiest 
uncle  that  ever  man  had,  and  was  afterwards 
80  sorry  for  it  that  he  ought  to  have  been  let 
qS.  Cciuicn  swift  to  conifott  me,  the  Pantomime 
—  fttupendting  Plienotiienon  ! — when  Clowns 
are  shot  from  hraded  murtara  into  the 
great  cluuidelicr,  bright  constellation  that  it 
IS  ;  wlwn  Ilarlequina,  eoverwl  all  over  with 
8calea  of  pure  ffold,  twiat  and  flpaikle,  like 
.•ouazingfieh  ;  when  Pantidot»n  (whom  I  deem 
it  no  irreverence  to  com]>are  in  my  own  mind 
to  my  giTUidfather)  inits  i-e<i-Iiot  pokers  in  hits 
pocket, and  eriea  "  Here 's  somebody  coming !  " 
or  laxea  tlie  Clown  with  pettv  larceny,  by 
saying  **  Now,  I  sawed  you  do  it ! "  when 
Everything  ia  capable,  with  the  greatest  ease, 
of  being  changed  into  Anything  ;  ami 
"  Notlmig  is,  but  thinking  nwdses  it  so." 
Now,  too,  I  peiTeive  my  first  experience  of  the 
dreary  sensation— often  to  retiu'u  in  after- 
life— of  being  unr^hle,  next  day,  to  get  back 
to  the  dull,  settleii  world  ;  of  wanting  to  live 
for  ever  in  the  bright  atmosphere  I  have 
emitted  ;  of  doting  on  the  little  Fairy,  with 
th«  wand  like  a  celestial  Barber's  Pole,  and 
piniuj;  for  a  Fairy  immorUdity  along  with  her. 
Ah  she  comes  back,  in  many  shapes,  as  my 
eye  wanders  do^*n  the  branches  of  my  Christ- 
mas Tree,  and  goes  as  often,  and  has  never 
yet  stayed  by  me  I 

Out  of  this  delight  springs  the  toy- theatre, 
— ^tliei-fi  il  ift,  with  its  familiar  proscenium^ 
and  ladies  in  feathera,  in  the  boxe« ! — and  aU 
its  attendant  occupation  with  paste  and  glue, 
and  gum,  and  water  colors,  m  the  getting-up  of 
Tho  Miller  and  his  Men,  and  Elizabeth,  or  the 
£xiie  of  Siberia.    In  suite  of  a  few  batting 


>S. 


hCoainnadbr 


accidejits  and  failures  (particulai'ly  an  unrea- 
sonable diepcjiiition  in  the  respectaole  Kelmai', 
ftJ'^  '  '  fidnt  in  the  legs, 

a"  iiitd  of  the  drama), 

a  t-i. t. liiiu^  «'»iiii,  <n  j.iiii  irrs  Hu  suggcstive  and 
aU'-embi'acing,  Ihut,  f»r  beliw  it  on  niy  Chi-iat- 
maa  Tree,  I  sec  dark,  dirty,  real  Theatres  in 
the  day-time,  adoi*ued  with  these  associations 
aa  with  the  ftH^slieat  garlands  of  the  rarest 
flowers,  and  charming  me  yet. 

But  hark  I  Tlie  Waits  are  playing,  and  they 
break  my  childish  sleep  !  Wliat  images  do  I 
aaaociate  with  the  Chiistmus  musdc  as  I  see 
them  set  forth  on  the  Chiiatmaii  Tree  I 
Known  before  all  the  others,  keeping  fiir 
apart  from  all  the  othera,  tliey  gather  round 
my  little  l>cd-  Ai\  angel,  speaking  to  a  group 
of  shephei-dii  in  a  field  ;  some  travellers,  witn 
eyes  uplifted,  following  a  star ;  a  baby  in  a 
manger  ;  a  child  iu  a  spacious  temple,  tAJking 
with  grave  meii ;  a  solemn  figure,  witli  a  mUa 
and  beautiful  Ikce,  raising  a  dead  girl  by 
the  hand  ;  again,  ne^ir  a  city-gate,  calling 
back  the  sou  of  &  widow,  on  hia  mer,  to  life ; 
a  crowd  of  people  looking  through  th« 
opened  roof  of  a  chamber  whei*e  he  sits,  and 
letting  down  a  sick  pemon  on  a  bed,  with 
ropes  ;  the  same,  in  a  tempest,  walking  on 
the  water  to  a  8hip  ;  jigtiin,  on  a  aearshore, 
teaching  a  gre^it  multitude  ;  again,  with  a 
child  ui>on  hia  knee,  and  other  cliiklreu  round  ; 
again,  restoring  sight  to  the  blind,  speech  to 
the  dumb,  bearing  to  the  deaf,  health  to  the 
sick,  sti-cngth  to  the  lame,  knowledg«  to  the 
ignorant ;  again,  dying  upon  a  CroM,  watdied 
by  armed  soldiers,  a  thick  darkn^a  coming 
on,  the  earth  beginning  to  shake,  iJid  only 
one  voice  heard.  "Forgive  them,  for  they 
know  not  what  they  do  I  '* 

Still,  on  the  lower  and  nrnturer  branches  of 
the  Trtfe,  Chxii»tmas  OBBOoiationB  cluster  tiilck. 
School-ljooks  shut  up;  Ovid  and  Virgil  si- 
lenced ;  the  Kule  of  lliree,  with  its  cool  imper« 
t'meut  enquiries,  long  disposed  of;  Terence 
and  Plautus  acted  no  more,  in  an  arena  of 
huddled  desks  and  form^,  all  chipped,  and 
notciied,  tmd  inked  ;  cricket-bats,  stumps,  and 
balls,  left  higher  up,  with  the  smell  of  trodden 
graa«  iind  the  softened  noise  of  shouts  in  the 
evening  air  ;  the  tree  is  still  fresh,  still  p^ay. 
If  I  no  more  come  home  at  Christmas  tunev 
there  will  be  girls  anil  boys  (thank  Heaven  !) 
while  the  World  hists  ;  and  they  do  !  Yonder 
they  ciance  and  play  upon  the  branches  of  my 
Tree^  God  bleas  them,  men-ily,  and  my  heart 
dances  and  pUys  too  ! 

And  I  do  come  home  at  Christmas  We 
all  do,  or  we  all  should.  We  all  come  home, 
or  AUght  to  come  home,  for  a  short  holiday— 
the  longer,  the  better — from  the  great  boivd' 
ing-school,  where  we  are  for  ever  working  at 
our  arithmetical  alatea,  to  take,  and  gire  a 
rest.  As  to  going  a  visiting,  where  can  we 
not  go,  if  we  will  3  where  have  we  not  been, 
when  wo  would ;  starting  our  fancy  from  our 
Christmas  Tree  ! 

Away  into  the  winter  prospect    There  w» 


many  such  upon  the  tree !  On,  by  low-lying 
misty  grouncui,  thi-ough  fens  and  fogs,  up  long 
hills,  wiuding  dark  as  cavema  between  thick 
plantation^  almost  shutting  out  the  spark* 
ling  ttan;  80,  out  on  broad  heights,  until 
we  stop  at  Uist,  with  sudden  sileiice^  at  an 
av«nue.  The  gate-bell  haa  a  deep,  half-awfol 
Boond  in  the  frosty  air  ;  the  ^te  swings  open 
on  its  hinges  ;  and,  ajs  we  drive  ttp  to  a  great 
house,  the  glancing?  lights  grow  larger  in  the 
windows^  and  tlie  opposing  row»  of  treea 
seem  to  fall  solemnly  back  on  either  aide,  to 
give  ufl  place.  At  intervals,  all  day,  a 
frightened  hare  haa  shot  across  thia  whitened 
turf ;  or  the  diatant  clatter  of  a  herd  of  deer 
trampling  the  hard  frost,  haa,  for  the  miiinte, 
^groahed  the  silence  too.  Their  watchful  cy^ 
beneath  the  fern  may  be  ahininc  now,  if  we 
could  .^ee  them,  like  the  icv  dewdrops  on  the 
leaves  ;  but  they  are  still,  and  all  is  still. 
And  BO.  the  lights  growing  larger,  and  the 
trees  fiilling  back  before  ua,  and  closing  up 
Bgriiu  behind  us,  as  if  to  forbid  retreat,  we 
come  to  the  house. 

There  is  probably  a  smell  of  roasted 
chestnuts  and  other  good  comfortable  things 
all  the  time,  for  we  are  telling  Winter  Stories 
— Ghost  Storiesj  or  more  shame  for  us — round 
the  Christmas  lire ;  and  we  have  never  stirred, 
except  to  draw  a  little  nearer  to  it.  But,  no 
matter  for  that.  We  cfonc  to  the  house,  and  it  b 
an  old  house,  f\ill  of  great  chinmeys  where  wood 
is  burnt  on  ancient  dogs  upon  the  hearth,  and 
grim  Portraits  (some  of  them  with  grim 
Legends,  too)  lower  distrustfully  from  the 
oaken  panels  of  the  walk.  We  are  a  middle- 
aged  nobleman,  and  we  make  a  generous 
tupper  with  our  host  and  hostess  and  their 
ffitests — it  being  C^'^rlstmaa-time,  and  the  old 
bouse  full  of  company — and  then  we  go  to 
bed.  Our  room  is  a  very  old  room.  It  is 
hung  with  tapestry.  We  don't  like  the  por- 
trait of  a  cavalier  in  green,  over  the  fireplace, 
Tlier<?  ai-e  wreat  black  beams  in  tlie  ceiling, 
and  there  is  a  great  bLick  bedst^d,  sup- 
^Tted  at  the  foot  by  two  great  black 
tigurea,  who  seem  to  have  come  off  a  couple 
of  tombs  in  the  old  Baronial  Church  in 
the  Park,  for  our  pau*ticular  accommodation. 
'But,  we  are  not  a  superstitious  nobleman,  and 
"we  don't  mind.  Well !  we  disnuss  our 
aervaut,  lock  the  door,  and  sit  before  the  fire 
in  our  dressing-gown,  musing  alwut  a  gi-eat 
many  things.  At  length  we  go  to  bed.  Well ! 
TTC  can't  sleep.  We  toss  and  tumble,  and 
^tji't  sleep.  The  embers  on  tne  heailh  burn 
Stfullv  and  make  the  room  look  ghostly.  We 
eati*t  help  peeping  out  over  the  counterpfme, 
%t  the  two  black  figures  and  the  cavaber — 
tliat  wicked-looking  cavalier — ^in  green.  In 
the  flickering  light,  they  seem  to  advance  and 
r>titv. :  which,  though  we  are  not  by  any 
air  I  tin  a  sunerstitioua  nobleman,  is  not  agree- 
able. Well !  we  get  nervous — more  and 
mors  nervous.  We  aay  "  This  is  very  foolish, 
but  w«  can't  stand  this  ;  we  '11  pretend  to  be 
ill,  and  knock  np  somebody;'     Well !  we  are 


just  going  to  do  it,  when  the  locked  door 
opens,  and  there  comes  in  a  yoimg  woman, 
deadly  pale,  and  with  long  fair  hair,  who 
glides  to  the  fire,  and  sits  down  in  the  chair 
we  have  left  there,  wringing  her  hands.  Then, 
we  notice  that  her  clothes  are  wet.  Our 
tongue  cleaves  to  the  roof  of  our  mouth,  and 
we  can't  speak ;  but,  we  observe  her  a*:curately. 
Her  clothes  are  wet ;  her  long  hair  is  dabbled 
with  moist  mud  ;  she  is  dressed  in  the  faahion 
of  two  hundred  years  aeo  ;  ami  she  has  at  her 
girdle  a  bunch  of  rusty  keys*  Well !  there  she 
sits,  and  we  can*t  even  famt,  we  are  in  such  a 
state  about  it.  Presently  she  get^i  up»  and 
tries  all  the  locks  in  the  room  with  the  rusty 
keys,  which  won't  fit  one  of  them  ;  then,  slie 
fixes  her  eyes  on  the  Portrait  of  the  Cavalier 
In  green,  and  says,  in  a  low,  terrible  voice, 
"  The  stags  know  it !  **  After  that,  she  wrings 
her  bands  again,  passes  the  bedside,  and  ^oea 
out  at  the  door.  We  huny  on  our  dressmg- 
gown,  seize  our  pistols  (we  alwa^'s  travel  with 

Sistok),  and  are  following,  when  we  find  the 
oor  locked.  We  turn  the  key,  look  out  into 
the  dark  gallery ;  no  one  there.  We  wander 
away,  and  try  to  find  our  servant.  Can't  be 
done.  We  pace  tke  galleiy  till  davbreak ; 
then  return  to  our  deserted  room,  JaU  asleep, 
and  are  awakened  by  our  serviint  (nothing 
ever  haunts  him)  and  the  shining  sun.  Well ! 
we  make  a  wretched  breakOsst,  and  all  the 
company  say  we  took  queer.  After  break- 
fast, we  go  over  the  house  with  our  host^ 
and  then  we  take  him  to  the  Portrait  of 
the  Cavalier  in  ffrcen,  and  then  it  all  comes 
out.  He  was  false  to  a  young  housekeeper 
once  attached  to  that  family,  and  famous 
for  her  beauty,  who  drowned  herself  in  a 
Tiond,  and  whose  body  wiks  discovered,  after  a 
long  time,  because  the  stipes  refused  to  drink 
of  the  water.  Since  whicn,  it  has  been  whis- 
pered that  she  traverses  the  house  at  midnight 
(but  ^oea  eepecially  to  that  room  where  the 
Cavaber  in  grten  was  wont  to  aleep),  trying 
the  old  locks  with  her  rusty  keys.  Well ! 
we  tell  otir  host  of  what  we  have  seen,  and  a 
shade  comes  over  his  features,  imd  he  begs  it 
may  be  hushed  up ;  and  so  it  is.  But,  it  *'s  all 
true  ;  and  we  said  ao,  before  we  died  (we  are 
dead  now)  to  many  responsible  people. 

There  is  no  end  to  the  old  houses,  wth 
resounding  galleries,  and  dismal  state-bed- 
ehambera,  and  haunted  wings  shut  up  for 
many  years,  through  which  we  may  ramble, 
with  an  agreeable  creeping  up  our  back,  and 
encounter  any  number  of  Ghos^  but,  (it  is 
worthy  of  remark  perhaps)  reducible  to  a 
vei-y  few  general  types  and  classes ;  for,  Ghosts 
have  little  orunnality,  and  **  walk "  in  a 
beaten  track.  Thus,  it  comes  to  pass,  that  a 
certain  room  in  a  certain  old  hall,  where  a 
certain  bad  Lonl,  Baronet,  Knight,  or  Gentle- 
man, shot  himself,  has  certain  planks  in  the 
floor  from  which  the  blood  will  fuyt  be  taken 
out.  You  may  scrape  and  scrape,  as  the 
present  owner  has  done,  or  plane  and  plane, 
as  his  father  did,  or  scrub  and  scrub,  as  his 


hiB        ■ 


I 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


the  liitMd  will  sliii  Ihi— in.' 


M  it  werr,  into  tlvo  mooDUghiT  and 
awav. 

Orjl 
pier    ct 


hail 

ttlOtll'-'i'  umu     HKH     iirvi  .  ,    <_>r  iv 

liaimted    «otind  of   a  ov  a 

ltam»r»i>i-     111-  -1    rMiit^ti.ii     I  rl,     r»r 
A    h 

Or 

mid  Might    hour,   wtriltes   thirteen  when   ilie 

betyi   of  tile  fnmiiv   la   ^^ohit^   U>  di« ;   or  u 
•hjuiowy^  imiuo\?al4«  l»l«ck  ciaiiagc  -which  al 

suoh   ft   tinio   is  alwnva   seen   by  sonieWxly, 


wua  ft  bcaul 

rvi'i"    fit  'rttii' 


tiiJito 

r  liavc 

,,,1 

L 


M;i 


tuei  m^seh!  u  her  in  li 

told  hot' it  \v.  lit  altt^  sail 

met  myself  iu  tlic  bi\i;ul  walk,  aiul  I  Mt,;^  pul^ 

and  M;ath<jriiirj  withei'cd  flowunt*  atki  1  turnej 

my  hmd,  mwl  held  thorn  up !  "     Ami,  that 


roapf>eai'  t 

oomp«u3t  V. 

yotintf  mt-Li   luivin,    jm 
Uxki-n  <livt'r)?ing  p;uh«  tl 

l5l!l       olitJ      fii    .lit         Ji.-!l.\'      -1 


tile  gfTOttt  gJvten   in  the  Bt.ihlo 

IS.  it  cJLmo  to  pftJB   how  Lady  i  night,  she  died  ;  and  a  picture  of  her  stary  Wia 

'  '  '  ^        '      '        li  nt*vt^r  fuiiflhed,  and  thoy  lULy  it 

in  the  houae  to  tliis  dav,  with 

>f  my  brotl^er^a   wife   was 
,       :  rsel»ck,  oms  mellow  evening 

at  BUQjict,  when,  in  A  g^tm  Uuie  closf  to  bia 
own  liousCj  he  aaw  ft  man,  atimdin}*  hcfoiyi 
him,  in  the  very  centre  of  the  tmiTow  way. 
*'  Why  do€8  tliat  man  in  the  cUvak  ii1-.%i»d  tht?re  t** 
he  iliought.  "  Does  he  want  me  to  ride  over 
him  1 "  But  the  la^rixrv  nev^ur  moved.  Hi? 
fdt  a  atnui«^c  senBation  at  He^sin^'  it  mo  fttill, 
but  slackened  his  trot  and  rode  forwaixL 
1  j  Whfn  he  was  so  ( If  •'  +  *  '^  r^s  almost  to  touch 
'    it  with  hia  etirni,  ,e  shtcii,  and  tin* 

Cujxxn'  '^Vuk^]  up  .:  .      .  . ,  in  a  curious,  un- 
it' mutnu-r — l*mkw;inl,     !md     without 
^r  Hiiiiij:  to  URe  itrt  t'-^et — ontt  yrri?  rr'tio.     Tlxo 
unule     of   my    brothura     ^t  u^j^ 
"  CfjMwl  HeM  vt-n  !  It  'a  ray  c<  -m 
I                                luu  to  hi*-  '> 
'i«o  sweat.  ii 
su'ij   -innjgc  Lvnavioiir,  dil^                           n- 
front  of  bia  honsa    Thew, 
tijCjiirc,  just  pasaiiif  "'  •■*  *^'                             ji- 
(low  of  tlie   drav.                                             :ic 
^i-ouud.     Uethre,   ..                                       vi 
hiutcneil  in  after  it.     l  ^, 
tht-re,    alone.      "Alice,                                  i  i  » 
Hatt)'?"      **Your    coLtsin    JJiuiy,   JuhuT' 
"  Yes.     From  Bombny.     I  met  liiin  m  tbt*  hai9 
just  noWy  and  saw  bim  eu:                         \n- 
Gtont."     Not  ft  creatiiiii  hjul                             ly 
one;  and  ill  tl       ' 
warda  appwi 

Or,     it    Wftii     :i  ii 

lady,  who  died  at  d 

l»*»r  fncultiefl    to     :  <' 

Orplian    Boy  ; 
II  incorrectly^   I   .        ,  1 

truth  i»  tbia — ^^ecauae  it  ia,  in  tact, »  story 
belonging  to  our  family — and  aht*  waa  a  cod- 
nexion  of  our  fauiUy,  Wlien  rfio  waa  nboot 
forty  ywiTO  of  age^  and  stiU  an  uncommonly 
lino  woman  (her  lover  died  yoting,  which  waa 
the  reason  why  sbo  never  marrie»lt  tiioujih  alie 
had  many  otters),  she  went  to  alfc  ^  '  ^'C 
in  Kent,  which  her  brother,  an  r- 

chant,  hatl  newly  bought.  Ther*i  ».^-  ..  -u^fy 
that  this  place  had  once  been  hcUl  in  tnitt,  hy 


Hi     t    : 

witi.    , 
an-l    I"' 

lata  a  party  hutt  ni^ht^  in  this  mmote 
placC)  and  not  to  teU  me  of  it,  bctbre  I 
went  to  bed  ! "'  Then,  every  one  asked  Lady 
Mary  what  she  meant  1  I'hen,  Lady  IVIary 
roplicti,  "  ^V  by,  all  night  loni!;,  the  carriages 
W«r»  <lrtving  roxmd  and  round  the  terrace, 
nndcrneath  m  -  :  '  '  '  "'  -;,  the  owner 
of  the  houfic  ti  d  hia  Lady, 

and  CharlcK  ' 
to  J>;wly  Maj' 
wn>*>.'I«-i>(      \: 

tolu 

fanri' 

tiMla. 

for,  IV. 

mijmaiou  died.    Sud 

Maid  of  Honour  at 

■tory  to  tlie  old  (,' 

tok«n  that  the  ol' 

ah^     What,    what  ;     w.,-.^ 

auob  thinj^,  no  such  thing  I  " 

off  iayint'  >«•  mihl  I.,'  w.-ni  i 

Or,  a  V 
know,  w) 

had  a  jiarticuluii*  friend,  with  whum  he  madtj  the 
compact  that,  if  it  were  possible  for  the  Spirit 
to  rtJtnm  to  thk  earth  after  iU  separation  from 
the  IXKly,  he  of  the  twain  who  lir^t  ilied,  aliouid 


id  Mu  it  proved, 

I  lie  Lftily  of  thr 

L:u1y   Mary,  who  wub 

Court,    oftt^n   tohl  tin 

'      '     f  >  ;    hv   this 

8ai»U**Eli, 

<T,,..-.^  :,    ..ij«>sts  ?      No 

Anti  never  left 

'.  of  US 
'Ih.'JfO, 


rse  of  time,  thia 
friend ;  the  two 


&kiro  Muura,  liappeaed  to  iouk  out  of  l>ed  ; 
and  there,  in  the  moonlight,  leajiir^r  on  a 
P.ii  reau  near  the  window,  atedfaatl  \  : 

him,  anw  hia  old  CoUegie  friend  !  1 ) 
aaoe  being  solemnly  addre^ded,  replied,  iti  a 
Mad  of  whifli)er,  but  very  audibly,  "  Do  not 
come  near  me.  i  am  dead.  I  am  h^re  to 
redeem  my  promise,  I  come  from  another 
world,  but  may  not  disclose  its  eecreta ! " 
Then,  the  whole  form  becoming  j»aler,  melted, 


I 


I  ha 

■_  tn 


the  guardi""  ''■■^' "  *- '  >'ny :  who  \r: 

the  next  h  -il  the  yo^ j 

hariihaiitl  ;.  ,  .       ;.    Shekne 

of  that.    It  has  been  siiti  that  there  iv      i 
lii  her  betl-room  iii  which  the  guanii  in    . 
to  put  the  boy.    There  was  lio  sueh  thiu^/. 
Then*  was  only  n  closet.    Sfje  went  to  bed^ 
uincle  no  alarm  v  m^  night,  and  in 

the  morning  ^^  to   her   maid 

when  *he  cinie  in,  ■  \\  ii<i  h  liio  pi*etty  forloro- 
lookinis^  child  who  ha.^  been  peeping  out 
pr  .1...  .),..*  „ii  T  :  bt?"  The  raaiJ  rt'plieti 
h  scream,    and    instnntly 

i1.  ^iirr»i-'>.i,-i]  ;    IniL  sTit'  WaS 

,  ;md 
Si.  .  and 

clut$eted  beratiii  with  her  bi\»ther.  '*  Now, 
Walter/*  she  said,  "  I  have  been  disturbed  all 
night  by  a  pretty,  forlom-loolsirxg  boy,  who 
has  heen  constAatly  i^Kicping  out  of  that  closet 
iu  my  room,  which  I  can't  open.  This  is  some 
trtok/*  "  I  am  afraid  not,  Charlotte,"  a^d  he, 
"for  it  is  the  legend  of  the  house.  It  is  the 
Orphan  Boy.  What  did  he  do  1"  "He 
opeafi  rik.  1'  '^aoftly,"  saidahe,  "and  peeped 
out.  ^,  he'  came  a  step  or  two  into 

the  r- '  u,  I  called  to  him,  to  encourat^ff- 

him,  and  he  shrunk,  and  shudderedj  and  l 
in  again,  and  shut  the  door.'*  "The  cl 
has  no  eommunication,  C^harlott©,**  said  bcr 
brother,  "  with  any  other  part  of  the  hou^ 
and  it's  nailed  up."  This  wjxs  undeniably 
true,  and  it  took  two  carpenters  a  whole  fore- 
aoou  to  git  '*  -''-'-.  for  examinatiou.  Then, 
' "  o  was  sui  ihe  had  seen  the  Orphan 

Boy.  Bui,  .i.  „i.  I  iiud  terrible  part  ot  the 
(srtory  tg,  (hat  ho  wzia  also  aeen  by  three  of  her 
brother '3  8c*a*^  in  succession,  who  all  died 
young.  On  the  occafiiou  of  each  child  being 
taken  01,  he  came  home  in  a  heat,  twelve 
hours  before,  and  said,  Oh,  Mamma,  he  had 
been  playing  under  a  paj'ticulai*  oak-tree,  in  a 
certam  meadow,  ^vith  a  strange  boy — a  pretty, 
fbrloru'looking  boy.  who  wiw  very  timid,  and 
nuide  aigns !  From  fiital  experience,  the 
pftrenti  came  to  know  that  this  waa  the 
Orphan  Boy,  and  that  the  course  of  that  child 
whom  he  chose  for  his  little  playmate  was 
surely  run. 

Ley^jon  ia  the  name  of  the  German  castlea, 
whei-e  we  git  up  alone  to  wait  for  the  Spectre — 
where  we  are  shown  into  a  room,  m^ide  com- 
paratively cheerful  for  our  reception — where 
we  fflance  round  at  the  shadowa,  thrown  on 
tii«  bhkuk  walls  by  the  crackling  fti-e — where 
we  ft»el  very  lonely  wheu  the  vil  1  \  rper 

ind  his  pretty  tUughter  have  fter 

ll^yiBtf  down  a  fresh  store  of  w»j»«a  uu^ni  the 
]|lftrtn,  and  setting  forth  on  the  small  table 
such  snpper-cheer  as  a  cold  roast  capon, 
bread;  gm.pes,  and  a  flask  of  old  Blune  wine— ^ 
where  the  reverberating  dnors  cloee  on  their 
ntreat,  one  after  another,  like  so  many  peals 
of  snileu  thunder — and  wherej  ab«3ut  the  small 
hcnsrs  of  the  night,  we  oome  into  the  know- 
ledge oi  divers  8U|wmatural  mystf riea.  Legion 
is  the  name  of  the  haunted  German  studesta, 


!   he  has  • 

I    accident.! 
crop  of  Bueh  fruit, 

Trtiie  ;  in  blo88*im.  , 

ripening  all  down  tlu  Loughs  1 

Among  tU'?  Ini^r  toy  a  and  fandea  lianging 
tht^re — aa   idle  ot\en  rui  1    '  'i'  the 

inui^'eg   once   a&.'^ociat»^d  f.   old 

VViiita,  the  softened  muHie  1.1  u  ■  - 

alterable  !    Encircled  by  the  -  : 

Christmas  time,  still  let  t1  - 
of  my  childhood  stand  tii : 
cheerful  imago  and  suggo  u 

bringa,  may  the  bright  star  that  resteiJ  abov^ 
the  poor  roof,  be  the  star  of  al!  the  Chriirtian 
world  !     A  moment's  pause,  • '  r  tree, 

of  which  the  lower  bouglia  ai  me  aa 

yet,  and  let  me  look  once  mLHv  l  1  kaow 
there  are  blank  spaces  on  thy  branches, 
where  eyes  that  I  have  loved,  V  '  ! 

smiled  ;  from  which  they  are 
far  above,  I  see  the  raiser  ol  ,...  ,..„  ,  ^^.^1^ 
and  the  Widow*s  Son  ;  and  God  ia  good  I     It 
j\i'e  be  hiding  for  me  in  the  unseen  portion 

y  do\*Tiward  growth,  O  may  1,  with  a  grey 

\  turn  a  child's  heart  to  that  figure  yet, 
uiid  a  child's  trustfulness  and  confidence  ! 

Now,  the  tree  is  decorated  with  bright 
merriment,  and  aong,  and  dancp,  and  cheer 
fulness.  And  they  are  w©lcontL\  Innocent 
and  welcome  be  they  ever  held,  beneath  the 
branches  of  the  Christmas  Ti'ee,  which  ca«t 
no  gloomy  shallow  !  BiU  "^  '^  ^^vi-  ..  r..  +},<» 
ground,  I  hear  a  whiap* 

leaves.    "Tliis,  in  comii..  -       l w 

of  love  and  kindness,  mercy  and  compositoii. 
Thia,  in  remembrance  of  Me  I " 

CHRISTMAS  IN  LODGINGS. 

A  BAGHELOR*s  life  b  not  without  it«  at< 
tractions.  Freedom  of  will  and  action  are,  at 
least,  among  a  bachelor's  joys ;  bat  experience 
has  taught  me  that,  after  a  certain  time,  such 
abflence  from  restraint  reaolves  itoelf  into  tliat 
species  of  liberty  which  Macaulay  touchin^y 
deisignates  "  the  desolate  freedom  of  the  wild 

I  came  to  London  al>out  ten  years  iigo  to 
study  for  the  bar.  1  was  entered  at  the  luner 
Temple,  and,  as  far  as  the  dinner-eating  went, 
I  can  flafely  assert  that  I  waa  an  ornament  to 
tho  Hall,  '  I  adome<l  the  margin  of  my  copy 
of  **  Bum's  Justio«  "  with  caricatures  of  tne 


benchers  ;  and  my  friends  app'^^-  '- 
notes  to  my  '^  Blackstone.'     1 

maSOUerniL''  in  tnv  i^<ivvri :  rm.l  ■ 

my  law-tii 

pose  of  re.i 

I  went  through  lii 

gontlemen  of  artleni 

peteut  means  when  tiic^\ 

men,  also,  the  pace  of  my 

in  due  time*    About  the  Wny  <»i  lay 


»6 


Um  bkr  I  began  to  itiidjr»  Mj  old 
puioiMiy  ftudmg  Uttt  I  wm  beoctnunc,  wtist 
thix  w«re  pl«Med  t4>  iMgnfttep  ^alow/* 
dvofptd  oC  I  cotcred  into  the  foliiode  of 
lo4gij]giii  luw  Bnawwiok  Sqiuuw,  jumI  md 
nafliiljf  StnJ  I  foand  it  neommty  to  rdiere 
my  I*»i?nl  utnrlicfi  Tritli  copiotu  'Irati^hU  froin 
'n\s»  of  if  I  xnd  I 

n   I  wp«  *-■  Lig  to 

crock  Ui^  luLTdcfft  tiflMoges  of  "  Bluckstone,'* 
my  id<M  ooDiintuJJx  reverted  either  to  the 
0*00  of  MoDtuenc,  the  wit  of  CbogroTv  and 
Vof^  th«  ffpofkk  and  dejrih  of  Bhakipeare, 
or  too  BMmve  grandeur  of  Milton.  By 
d«flreeM  my  liookA  became  my  dear^,  my 
ojiTy  aMoeIat«*i-  Tlirtn./H  at  a  companion  and 
friend  I  hatl    '  '  lUen  ofT^  I  Improved 

bsal(M]i;rr:    I  ;*^lAr  hotim,  and  paid 

all  ray  bUl  <   {   n.    uiUly. 

M^  hiji'll  uiv  jnw  confidenUalf  in  pro- 
portion aa  I  grtw  domestic.  She  favoured 
nie  with  her  hiatory  from  the  time  of  ht*r 
bitih.  I  knew  how  aIio  touk  the  roeaalea ; 
ihft  prcclac  cfffi^t  of  her  viiit  to  a  vaccina 
eaiabUahment ;  the  origin  of  a  ac:u*  over 
her  left  eye-brow  ;  tlio  income  of  Lit  brother 
in  Som«nk>t«hiri? ;  the  numljcr  of  kittens 
which  hnr  cat  auncmlly  produced  ;  the  cba^ 
racter  who  gave  her  [oat  aervant ;  and  the 
fuud  utTtv-ttiM)  the  luul  tavbhed  upon  a  brute 
of  a  buiibttji^l.  The*©  matt€rs,  however,  were 
iiilntiiUd  to  uiti  ill  coiilji'ibnict? ;  and,  to  use  an 
origiital  jdiroMc,  they  stiiall  be  buriiMl  with  me 
1  had  no  occasion  to  re 


HonsoroLD  wobds. 


m  my  gravu 


ly  my 


epa; 
Laurlhbdy'H  coiiiid»nict*  with  my  own,  becatiae 
*br  pnid  ht'r>»dC.  I  t^ould  keep  no  eecreta 
from  her.  She  knew  the  cont^/uta  of  my 
ft.M.i,M  ,)<,«i  ..  jyiJ  tlrawors,  im  wull  aa  I  did — 
I  lust  any  little  ai-ticle,  I  never, 
]  ,    ,  J  it.     1  was  Beldam  allowed  to 

wear  a  pair  of  dr4!Hs  glovea  more  than  once : 
when  a  collar  wjw  not  to  be  hml,  ''  them 
wa-ihcrwomeu  was,'  1  waa  told,  "alwaya  a 
hwiiiK  of  iK>n»ything  or  other."  lam  sure  the 
lluvuur  of  my  U^ft,  the  nuaJity  of  my  mutton, 
Aiid  the  excollenco  ol  my  coal*,  were  no 
iiccr»'t«  to  my  laLdla<ly  :  l>nt  bIic  had  many 
gO(Ml  (jiuditica,  MO  I  fttc  what  she  left  me  in 
ailc^ncti  antl  in,  ]»cacc. 

i)t?spit<?  my  but  too  prying  Landlady,  how- 
evt'j',  I  got  ou  very  wcU  by  myself  ;  and, 
Uk«:  mnn  who  live  alone,  I  li^L'icamt:]  egotiatic 
and  lazy.  I  thought  of  the  weaver  at  hiii 
loom  ;  the  Inw^t^f  burning  the  roidini|Ljlit 
composition  over  hla  brief;  the  author,  with 
hm  throbbing  tcmpkft,  hard  at  work  ;  and  1 
rcioiccd  (ptii^tly  l>y  my  fire  and  in  my  hooka. 
Th*^r*^  wfw  a  Helliah  ]»ioaDurc  in  the  conviction 
thnt  my  caao  was  no  much  better  than  that  of 
thouHiuidh  of  tlm  t(»ilci-s  and  strn^lera  of  the 
ciuth.  TluH  1  found  a  capital  plmosopby  for 
every  day  in  the  year — <?xcept  one.  On  that 
day  my  landlady  eut<'red  my  room,  and,  with 
a  few  word*,  nlighted  my  hiippLncs.^,  and 
niado  roe  miaerabhs  as  the  veriest  outcast, 

•*  Bk)g  i^uilou  for  interrupting  you,**  the 
Worthy  toul  8&id|  "  but  I  wisn  to  kiow  whe- 


ther yoa  dine  at  bonoe  an  dtnttinaa  Tkif, 
TboQ«i,  of  courfte,  von  will  be  wiili  yoor 
frieiuu — bat  I  tbou^t  I  might  m  waU  make 


Tbe  good  wofmaa  mmt  htkre  noticed  my 
oonfnaion.  I  etammered  out  aometbin^  in  the 
tnoat  awkward  manner;  bat  contrived  to 
make  her  nmJenrtand,  in  the  end,  that  I 
sKottid  dine  at  home. 

*  On  ChriMmoM  Day,  Sir  1 "  the  woman  re- 
peated, witb  particular  emphaos.  "  I  *m 
talking  aboat  ChristmBa  Day,  when  every 
gentleman  dines  witb  hia  friende  and  rel^ 
ttonaf  leaatwaya,  all  the  gentlemen  /  ever 
bad,  have  done  bo." 

"  My  friends  live  in  Scotland,  where  Chriat- 
maa  b  no  festival/*  I  replied,  rather  relieve)! 
at  the  opportunity  of  explaining  my  solitary 
condition. 

**  Well,  dear  a-me !  **  my  landlady  went  on 
to  aay. "  that  *«  very  awkara,  very  awkard,  Sir, 
indeea.  Dear,  dear  a-me,  what  ahall  I  do  I 
My  table,  down  ataira,  won't  bold  any  thing 
like  fifteen!" 

fifteen  persons  to  greet  my  landlady  on 
Clirifltmas  Day,  and  not  a  soul  to  iTreak  bread 
with  me  !  I  baw,  at  once,  the  tendency  of 
her  obeervation  aa  to  the  nze  of  her  table  ; 
and  willingly  oflered  to  vacate  my  room 
for  her  great  annual  festivity.  Tlua  offer 
waa  eagerly  accepted,  and  once  more  I  waa 
left  to  my  soLitude,  From  that  moment 
my  fortitude  de«ert<Mi  me.  I  knew  that 
the  weaver  would  enjoy  hia  Christmas  feast  j 
that  the  lawyer  w^ould  throw  aside  hia 
brief,  and  abating  bis  prof^sional  solemnity, 
would,  on  Chriatmaa  Day,  make  merrj* ;  and 
tliat  the  author  would  leave  the  pen  in  the 
inkrttaiui  to  be  jolly  during  a  great  portion  of 
thoae  twenty-four  nappy  Iuiutb.  I^et  me  con* 
fe^Hs  that  I  telt  sick  at  heart — stupidly  and 
profoundly  dejected. 

On  Cbristmus  Eve  the  maid  came  into 
my  room,  foid,  with  a  beaming  face,  begged 
that  I  would  aih>w  her  to  decorate  it  with 
holly  :— ehe  sfiid  nothing  about  the  mialetoe 
which  ehe  carried  under  Tier  apron,  but  /  saw 
her  dexterously  fjisteu  it  above  the  door-way. 
I  waa  very  lonely  that  evening.  The  sbt  square 
yards  of  space  which  I  occupied  were  the 
only  8LI  square  yards  Ln  the  neighbourhood 
not  occupied  by  laughing  human  creatures. 
The  uoiae  of  my  laadlatfy  and  her  I'elativea 
below  made  me  savage  ;  and  when  »hc  sicnt 
up  the  servant  to  aak  whether  I  would  like  to 
Blep  below,  and  take  a  stir  at  the  puddingy 
my  "*  no  I  "  w^'ia  given  lit  such  a  decided  tone 
Ihut  the  poor  girl  vanished  with  miraculous 
celerity. 

The  knocks  at  the  street-door  were  incea* 
sarii.  Firat  it  was  the  turkey,  then  the 
apples,  oranges,  and  ciieanuts,  for  dessert,  then 
the  new  dinner-set,  then  the  sirloin.  Each 
fieimrate  item  of  the  approaching  feast  waa 
hailed  with  smotherea  welcomes  by  the 
women,  who  rushed  into  the  pasaa^  to  exa- 
mine and  greet  it.     Presently  a  knock  re- 


CIHEISTMAS  IN  LODGINGa 


207 


BOimded  through  the  house,  that  had  to  me  a 
Rolenm  and  highly  unpleaaant  Aotmd,  though 
.'J-  ooald  not  have  differed  from  the  preceding 
kucx'ks.  I  listenetl  to  the  opening  of  the  door, 
and  heaid  my  landlady,  in  a  sympathetic  tone 
of  Yolce,  declare,  that  "  it  wa«  only  the  first- 
floor  s  steak  ; — poor  fellow  ! "  My  lonelineas^ 
dien,  was  a  tlieme  of  pitiful  consideration  with 
the  people  below  !     I  was  very  angry,  and 

reed  my  ix>oni  with  rapid  strides  I  thought 
would  wear  cotton- wool  for  the  nt*xt  four- 
aiid-twenty  hours,  to  shut  out  the  din  of 
general  enjoyment,  I  tried,  after  a  Bhort 
time,  to  oomjx^se  myself  to  my  lxK>k ;  but, 
ju8t  as  I  was  about  to  take  it  down  from  the 
ahelf^  the  servant,  having  occasion  to  enter 
my  room,  informe*!  mi*,  in  a  lii^h  state  of 
chuckling  exciteuieJit,  that  "mJRsis^s  friends 
was  a  going  to  light  up  a  snap-dragon  1  " 
— and  the  shouts  that  bui-at  upon  me  a 
few  minutes  afterwards  confirmed  the  girl*B 
retmrt.  I  was  now  fairly  savage^  and,  having 
called  for  my  candle,  in  a  loud  determined 
voice,  went  to  bed,  with  the  firm  conviction 
that  the  revellers  below  were  my  sworn 
coemiea^  and  with  the  resiolution  of  giving 
warning  on  the  ibUowing  morning — ^yes,  on 
CSiristixiag  Day. 

Brooding  over  the  revenge  I  prombed  myself 
for  the  following  morning,  I  went  to  sleep,  and 
dreamed  of  the  Arctic  solitudes  and  the 
Sahara  Deaert.      I  was  standing  at  a  dry 

ill,  sorrounded,  on  all  sides,  by  endless  sand, 

ten  a  loud  rumbling  noise  broke  upon  my 
I  awoke,  aud  heard  a  heavy  footstep 
Kuwing  my  chamber.  I  started  from  my  beo, 
flaug  open  my  door,  and  shouted,  "Who's 
there  r 

**  It 's  only  me,  Sir,  a  going  for  to  put  the 
puddiu*  in  the  copper,^^  said  an  tmcoounonly 
cheerful  voice. 

Here  wa^  a  delightful  opening  scena  of  my 
ChristmaB  Day.  I  believe  I  muttt^red  a  wish, 
that  my  landlady's  jiuddLng  had  been  in  a 
locality  where  it  might  bod  at  any  time  with- 
out disturbing  any  lodger 

That  mormn^  1  rang  four  times  for  my  hot 
wjiter^  thr«e  tmiea  for  my  boots,  and  was 
luked  to  eat  cold  ham  instead  of  my  usual 
eggs,  because  no  room  could  be  spared  at  the 
fire  to  boil  them.  I  occupiea  my  land- 
hidy's  hsick  parlour,  and  was  intrudeil  iip)n, 
every  minute,  because  a  thousand  thino^ 
wnnted  "  for  up-stairs"  were  left  in  odd  noola 
and  comers  of  the  room.  I  had  no  easy-chair* 
My  books  were  all  *^put  away,"  save  a  copy 
of  "Jean  Itaoine,"  which  I  had  taken  down  by 
mistake  for  a  volume  of  the  "  Racine."  My 
breakfaat-table  could  not  be  cleared  for  three 
hours  after  I  had  Emshed  my  meal.  I  was 
a^ked  to  allow  a  saucepan  to  be  nlaced  upon 
my  fire.  It  was  suggested  to  me  tnat  I  might 
dine  at  two  o'clock^  in  order  to  have  my 
repast  over  and  cleared  away  before  the  feaat 
uj^iftairs  Ix'^in.  1  assented  to  this  projK>- 
ution  with  ul-feigned  carelesaness-ndtnough 
my  blood  boiled  (like  the  pudding)  at  the 


impertinence  of  the  request.  But  I  was  too 
proud  to  allow  my  landlady  the  least  insight 
into  the  i"^4il  state  of  ray  feelings.  Poor  soul ! 
it  was  not  her  faidt  that  I  had  no  circle  within 
my  reach  ;  yet  I  remember  that  throughout 
the  day  I  regarded  her  aa  the  impersonation 
of  fiendish  malice. 

After  I  had  dined  she  came  to  ask  me  if  there 
was  an^i-bing  she  could  do  for  me  ?  I  regarvled 
her  intrusion  only  as  one  prompted  by  a 
vulgar  wich  to  show  me  her  hne  nbbona  and 
jaunty  cap,  and  curtly  told  her  that  I  did  not 
rtHjuire  her  services.  To  relieve  myself  «>f 
the  load  of  vexation  which  oppressed  me,  I 
strolled  into  the  streets ;  but  I  was  soon  di-iveu 
back  to  my  landlady's  little  parlour — ^the 
raiety  that  resounded  from  every  house,  and 
the  deserted  streets  without,  were  even  moi-e 
annoying  than  her  marked  attention.  I  sat 
down  once  more,  an*!  doggedly  read  the 
heavy  vei'se  of  Jean.  I  called  for  my 
tea;  and,  in  reply,  I  was  informed  that  I 
should  have  it  directly  the  dinner  was  oyer 
up-fitaire.  My  patience  was  giying  way 
rapidly.  My  tea  was  produced,  however, 
after  a  considerable  delay  j  and  I  then  thought 
I  wotdd  make  a  desperate  attempt  to  forget 
the  jovial  scenes  that  were  going  forward  in 
every  nook  and  comer  of  the  country — :^\ve 
in  my  desobite,  sombi*e,  close  back  parlour. 
I  swung  my  feet  upon  the  fender,  leisurely 
filled  the  bowl  of  my  meerschaum,  and  v.'as 
about  to  mix  my  first  fragrant  cup,  when  that 
horrible  servant  again  marie  her  apj>earanee, 
holding  a  dark  steaming  lump  of  somethingj 
on  a  pUte. 

**  Flease,  Sir,  missis's  compliments,  and 
pVaps  you*d  accept  this  bit  of  Christmaa 
puddin'  1 " 

I  could  have  hurled  it,  plate  and  all,  into 
the  yai-d  below.  I  saw  myself  at  once  an 
object  of  profound  pity  and  charity  to  the 
company  above.  Although  I  am  extremely 
fond  of  that  marvellous  compound  of  good 
things  eaten  with  brandy-sauce  on  Christmas 
Day,  I  could  not  have  touched  my  landlady's 
proffered  plateful  for  any  consideration.  I 
gave  a  meaicHil  reason  for  declining  the  dainty, 
and  uuce  more  turned  to  my  pipe  and  my  tea. 
As  the  white  smoke  curled  from  my  mouth  a 
wfdiing  ilream  stole  over  me.  I  fancied  that 
I  was  lirjbinsoii  CVusoe :  my  parrot  dead,  and 
my  dog  run  away,  I  cursed  fate  that  had 
consigned  me  to  a  solitude.  I  recited  a  few 
verses  from  Keats  aloud,  and  the  sound  of  m^' 
voice  seemed  strange  and  harsh,  I  poked  the 
fire,  and  whistled,  and  hummed — to  restore 
myself  to  the  fiill  enjoyment,  or  rather  to  the 
misery,  of  my  senses.  The  tea  on  that  even- 
ing only  was  green  tea.  I  felt  its  ejects. 
I  grew  nervous  jmd  iiTitable. 

The  servant  once  more  invaded  my  seclusion 
—what  could  she  want  now  ? 

**  Please,  Sir,  have  you  done  with  the  tea- 
things  ]  I  *m  a  going  to  wash  *em  for  up* 
stairs." 

« Take  them  j"  I  replied,  not  very  gr»o^ 


S9B 


HOUSKHOLD  WOtlM 


tC«bd»c«<4  Vv 


^ 
n 


ftiUv.     The  *icrvu.nt  ' 

witli  impcrtincat  g* 

tablo. 

Ab«^«t  this  time,  smmrU  of  merriment  begRO 
to  n  •        •'  '        'Hie 

«hri  With 


woultl  \»i  <"«  ti»  the  tune  of  u  tutur'8 

cane  at  n  ■    iuterv'til     Bach   was  my 

cavy  at  thw  i-jculj^mol  inirtl»  that  reached  Tie 
ID  fitful  gust3  iw  the  doors  were  opviiecl  or 
ihut,  tlua  1  felt  ull  BortB  of  imchrvritabhMiesa. 
rix'^eiitlv  there  waa  a  lull  in  the  lunghtfi^ 
Btonii.  'I  W^'aii  to  hope  thut  the  jjai-ty  waa 
alx>ut  to  break  up.  A  geutlo  footstep  vw 
,,.  1:1,1..  .1  ...,...,., r,...,  ti...  .^tuii'g,  Theix.' wfts  a 
Mary  obeyed  the 
;„,..  I  . wing  di:il%nie   wi« 

"  jSo,  Miun — he  wii.^  jUmJd  of  it :  and  he 
was  m  cross  T' 

"Cross  i  I  w:ia  i^'oin^  to  ask  hiru  to  join 
m :  do  you  think  ho  wouM,  M/ut  ?" 

"Bless  you,  no  Mum  !  //*'  jiuc  !  I  think 
I  flee  him  ft  jining!     NothLiiy  iile:tfctd  hiin 


whi 


Ukr 

T 

men 
the 

I  co\i 


for  anybody.    1  never  »eo  the 


11  osoended  the  Ktairs,  and  after 

jf  u  few  moraents,  the  din  of 

■t  reanined.      I  wna  furious  at 

Mviupathy  which   my  loneliness  crettted, 

\t\  Vrfir  the  laughter  and  shouting  of 


the  '  >  no  longer,  arid  once  more 

with  n  of  having  my  revenge, 

1  went  tu  bed,  I  hty  there  for  ftevei"al  houra  ; 
and  did  not  eluse  my  evo^  liefore  I  had  vowed 
solemnly  tliAt  1  would  not  j>aas  another 
Chrmtniaw  Jlay  in  solitude,  and  in  lodgings — 
.'Uid  I  did*nt. 

In  th«  counae  of  the  following  v*  nr,  I 
niarrieil  Iho  lovely  diiii«;hter  of  ^1 
8h ut  tlefaee.  My  awj, vl  wils  a  moat ; . 
pianoforte  t)erform<ir,  aiid  copied  hi^k  uiL 
pictures  in  Bmliu  wool  with  marvellous  skill, 
but  waa  curioiuily  i<rnc>innt  of  housekeepiiig  ; 
80,  we  spent  the  lie.iriruiing  of  our  we<hled 
Mine  in  furrnshed  njuitmenta  in  order  th&t 
she  might  gain  titn'rionoe  gradually. 

On  one  point,  iiowcver,  I  was  resolute  ;  I 
would  xoT  spond  a  second  Christmas  Day  in 
lodgings.  I  took  a  house,  therefore,  towaixla 
the  close  of  tho  year,  and  i^epeatedly  urged 
my  wife  to  vacate  oui'  apartments  that  we 
may  »et  up  for  ourselves.  Thia  reBponsibihty 
she  fihrunk  fwm  with  unremitting  reluctance. 
Thei*e  w^yi-e  besides  innumerable  uelayB.  Cor- 
pets'wouldn't  fit;  painters  wouldn't  work  above 
one  day  a  week :  paper-hangers  liung  tire ; 
and  blacksmiths,  charr^nni:'  by  the  day, "did  no 
more  than  one  day's  work  in  flijL  Time  wore 
•u.    December  came,  advanced,  and  it  aeemed 


to  be  my  fute  to  undergo  an  -kb 

tonnent,     However,  to  my  v, 

everything  v  ^ced  to  !♦  si» 

on    the    tw<  1  My   sj*  '.y 

this  time  lor  'i  of  houi.^.r^.    ^mh.   to 

fee!  strorxg  r   ii«   duties,   aud   on 

ChriBlmaa  Ev  .  .  -  -i  our  -...nw  In  Bed* 
ford   Square,  and   look  out  :;  pud- 

ding, iii  a  t-ab,   to    my  anf  1  a  near 

Fnlham.  And  a  merry  Chriatnias  we  made 
of  it !  I  don't  think  1  ever  ate  a  better 
pudding,  though  I  Itave  eaten  a  good  many 
since  then. 


CHRISTMAS  IK  THE  NA\nf. 

If  theni  be  any  flro,  aboTO  all  fires,  in  wUicb 
one  ought  '  '  'Vil.j  to  mats  pleajsjint  **  figun!*,'* 
it  is  a  *  i'lre.    So  I  will  jnst  plant 

myself  i/j  j,w.  i.^  uiy  log,  and  look  for  8ou« 
pleaaant  images  of  memory,  to  rocal  CluHtitma* 
at  Boa. 

'*Laah  up  hammocks!"  Tlie  pipe  of  the 
boatawain'e  mate  thrills  shrill v  through  tho 
lower-deck   some  winter    ti  •.    four 

o'clock.     You   begin  to  be  iiwar« 

that  you   are  an   officer  in    il  '» 

aervioe  once  more;   that  vou  b  0 

«  Bustard  ;"  and  tl    ' 
ing  watch.    Of  th« 

m&kea  you  most  th_.i...  ^m^,  ..>..  , . ,  ,  ,  ,..^ 

away  at  tho  **  nettlea"  of  youi'  hammock  (veiy 
much  like  a  l>oy  routim'  c»ut  u  bl;k.1:bird'a 
neat)  ;  and  so  docs  the  li 

are  to  relieve,  w^ho,  hjiv  e- 

nant  of  the  next  watch,  glii  !«.*  you, 

and  says,  "  Be  quick  ujr,  Cli  ax  ycrj 

sleepy. ' 

"luitcokU" 

« Infernally  1 " 

You  tempftriso  for  five  minutes.  You  think 
about  Lord  Nelson,  At  la*t  you  hear  "  Watoh 
to  muster  !"  Tou  have  to  muater  that  watch. 
Out  you  jump,  fling  y.itf  >>ir  into  blanket 
trousers  and  a  tremens  ;aid  run  up 

uii  deck.     The  watch  ui     ^  j  :i.rv  ;  llie 

quartermiLfiter  brings  a  laiitem  ;  "^ 

your  watch -bill,  and  commenoc  1  <:t 

the  names.  If  you  are  a  man  of  ivUo  hiibit^ 
your  watch -bill  is  probably  in  aJi  inooiTect 
state.    Among  the  main-ttii  u  come 

to  the  name  "  Tomkins."     '  "y*^" 

cry.  No  answer.  **Tomkiii;i  \\vuu  indig- 
nation). A  voice  answers  **  Dead.*'  There  la 
a  kind  of  solemnity  about  that,  which  touchea 
you  rather  ixjetically.  But  the  lieutenant  of 
your  watch  is  ail\M;ted  by  it  in  a  more  homely 
way,  and  indulges  in  a  gi'owL  However,  a 
man's  watch-bills,  and  quarter-billa,  and  divi- 
sion-lists, can't  b*i  always  right,  I  romembair 
ttiat  my  friond  ChUdei-s,  of  tlie  *^  RhiTioiieroa," 
who  had  no  diviaion-liat  at :  'i  -  brin^ 

up  a  copy  of  "Thomaon"'s  which 

looked  mther  like  one,  auii  ity  juaioiously 
asking  the  men  what  their  names  were,  first, 
and  then  roai*ing  them  out,  altervkTirda, 
rubbed  on  very  well. 


I 


i 
I 


i'PI«ina,i 


LHHTSTMAS  IN  THE  NATY. 


290 


You  glance  round  the  ship.  The  rifrglag 
is  glitttfriiig:  with  icicl«K,  and  looks  like  a 
tn^m<»n<laua  chiuidelier.  We  HUjiposo  you  to 
"lie  rit  anchor  somewhere.  liiUifax  is  a  rery 
place  for  a  winter  ecene, — a  very  hoepi- 
)lAce,  and  ciipi^  nnorUra  for  salxuon. 
lat  do  you  say  to  Athena  ?  It  sounds 
too  traiTu  for  a  joUy  Chriatmaa;  bnt^  in 
rwil)t%%  it  i**  pom^tmies  terribly  cold.  There 
i  ies  down  from  BasaiibaB 

1  1 J  aa  an  ukaae. 

jjui  ai  T»rc?*eiii  we  are  in  the  "  Bustard,^* 
-waa  a  ImeHjf-battk  ship  ;  and  I  will  tell 
firet,  how  thev  pass  <  f  -  ;-••-.  iij  a  liaa*?- 
-buttlefihip.    The  *^  Bum  ,icre<litto 

ic  profeaaion  ;  ka:  she  cul  , -  i  „'ht  off  at 

once  directly  ailer  she  waa  launahed,  and  was 
not  reimircd  above  twice  in  four  yt*ars  i  We 
very  pleasant  Christmiia  in  her,  at 
kchor,  in  Vourhi  Bay^  near  the  entranoe  of 
Oiilf  of  SniyriML  We  had  becin  looking 
"  Britiah  interests  '*  in  Smyrna,  that 
ttumn,  and  had  pr  '     V4»  balls,  a  tnaa- 

querade,  and  aeveral  the  conaul's. 

**  It  *B   getting  neiu    t  ijii-uaas,"   eaid   the 

lieHtennnt  of  the  wateh  to  rae  nher  we  had 

fiet  tlie  ni*?n  to  work  holystoxdug,  that  morning. 

*'  A^ery  true,  Sir/'  I  said,  aa  if  he  had  uuuto 

m  atrikiijg  ciUs^rvation- 

"  Are  you  cold,  Mr.  Toriplea  1 " 
"  Very,  air/'  I  answerea  ;  for  my 

*  Blue-veined  feet  unsftndudled  were,' 
^u.  r  :-^  1     -    -  '-^  ^^tabei;  They  always 
1  j;-watch  barefoot  in 

**  Ah,  yon  \i  better  walk  aliout,  Uien,  Juat 
lift  that  hammock -doth  over  me,"  aaid  the 
lieutenant,  composing  himself  in  the  nettings. 
*'  Thank  you.'* 

There  wu.s  conaiderable  discusaion  in  the 
"Biistanl**  liow  Christmaa  should  be  kept 
^^  Should   the  ward-room  aak  the 

V  md   Captain   to  dinner  1  or   the 

"^  '        '    " '     hist  was  impoBaible. 

*  .   every  man  to  do 

ii-.  ,.,.^, — .,,,,,  ^,.  ^.,,^  jdJiK  So  we  plucked  up 
murage,  We  were  au  ambitions  ^^un-rooni 
mcsB.  One  of  that  meas  was  a  duke's  son. 
It  wfia  notoriouB  that  we  had  Madt  iKi,  while 
the  wai'd-room  drank  mere  port.  We  invited 
the  wanl-room,  and  Captain  Barbell.  With 
»  onnd*;s<?pp?«ion  wki-h  is  the  true  charm  of 
1  accepted.  I  shall 
-H  when  I  saw  him 
euier  uiu  iii*.rt-i-rooiii,  iw  if  he  liad  been  a 
ffentlenuui — (I  mean,  of  course,  aa  if  he  had 
Deeu  .tnly  an  ordiuioy  gentleman),  and  aak 
twice  fur  soup  I 

.  It  was  a  brilliant  preparation  that  we  had 
made  to  receive  him.  The  tiikr  (which  tra* 
▼ezsea  the  gun-room)  waa  wrapped  round  T^dth 
flftga.  The  standards  of  every  natioo  hung 
fflicefully  blended  around  in  waves  of  colour. 
Envies  iiiu  \  I  rio-  h  eaded  eaglet  swung  together, 
aa  if  they  iievt  r  jis  eked  at  eadi  other,r-4iever 
laid  buUeis  instead  of  jolly  edible 


quilly  and 


never  fed  on  blood,  or  turned  men  into 
ftiiuJBagef^ !  The  mess  looked  hke  a  menagerie. 
The  BritUh  lion  lay  down  with  every  coiip 
eeivable  aniiuah  Friend  Joiiathau''&  stata 
hel|^>ed  the  Turkish  cre«oent  t..  vd.iI,.'  n  nIoKt 
of  it ;  and  the  laurel  t\  1  r 

(and  which   grows  fo  y 

country,^ — ^why  ahm 
to  back  the  Furie.s 
gi'eea  amcmg  them  ail. 

But,  before  we  went  to  dinnei^ust  as  the 
"Bosiit  r  ''  '  >hI  England"  wais  pla^isd, 
and  Capt  I  mardied  out  of  his  ciCpio, 

looking  vl.,  .„.v  .»c  roast  beef'*  *>u^raw 

— we  ail  visited  the  lower  decl  o  sea- 

men  we] e  bcH»-inning  the  eveh  „,  i.ii.-i'«,on 
the  !  ,  suspended  by  their  |x>halied 

barsi  iu-puddings.  Perhaps  there  were 

a  couple  to  tfitch  mess — lookiiur  very  like  a  pair 
of  terrestrial  and  celestial  ^obea'  llow  the 
coppers  ever  hold  these  puddings,  I  mean  dome 
day  to  inquire,  when  I  liave  found  out  who 
wrote  "  Junius,'*  why  0\'id  was  banished  from 
Rome,  and  some  easier  aueatiooa.  "^  These 
coppers  had  boiled  a  lake  of  cocoa  *^"'^  ^— ^-ri- 
lijg  ;  had  swflllowetl  and  boiled  ma- 
aparklinc  with  lumps  of  salt;  ..  .;  Ju,:y 
manageato  hold  the  pudding  and  to  make 
them  so  good,  I  don't  know,  just  now.  £adi 
pudding  was  decorated^  perhaps  with  a  paper 
ornament,  perhaps  with  a  sprig  from  aome 
bush.  Each  **  great  elobe  itself"  vanished 
that  night !  I  could  teol  no  doubt  of  their 
dest'my  when  I  saw  the  expression  of  the 
biggest  fellow  in  the  shL]>— the  captain  of  the 
forecastle — aa,  like  inoense  before  the  shrine 
of  Neptune,  his  pudding  sent  up  an  awful 
steam  before  hia  weather-beaten  face  I 

We  returned  to  the  cun-room.  Captain 
Barbell  took  the  place  of  nouour.  He  gave  a 
little  grim  smile  as  he  saw  the  Sauteme. 
There  was  no  Sauteme  in  his  time— when  he 
was  a  youngster.  And  yet  he  seemed  to  like 
it !  He  paused,  stairtled  at  the  sparkling 
Burgimdy  also — but  he  managed  to  swallow 
it !  Tlie  duke's  son  aaked  him  to  take  w'uie. 
There  was  a  sensation.  The  capt:;  i  ''I 
("  Homer  aomettmea  nods  "),  and  a  r, 

through  the    mess.      Meanwhile,    tn-     . -ju- 
monder  chatted  with  the  senior  mate  ;   my 
measmate  Kivcrby  got  confideutin)  whI^  r]ie 
gunnery  lieutenant,  and  found  oij  i 
were  related  through  the  Selliys,  ft  _  ; 

and  a  few  yonngsters  made  dewpenUe  utteuipts 
to  shatter  the  sobriety  of  the  l>ofttawRin. 

The  boatswain  !     Ue  was  c»ne  of  > 
He  alwjiya  dtuea  with  the  ollicer« 
witlj     '  '     "        ■  '    ■  '  u   IH 

the .  Ijoi-d 

large    as    the    mii^' 

coat  quite  new  an.l 

been  Kept  in  a    Jl       ,     ,   1 

year — he  takes  1 .  i  ^  -:'•■(•. .     J 1  ^  ■  i  - 

\vine.     In  oldeu   davs,  he  would  have  sttid, 

«No,  thank 'ee.  Sir— I'll   take  a  potato!" 

Now  He  saya,  *'  My  respects,''  and  t«ps  off  the 


soo 


HOXTSEHOLD  WORDS. 


wit  I. 


N 


^ 


^ 


at  a  dnvuffht.     Brave  old  boatawain — 
Dilant  of  the  »ea-kmg» — if  I  ever  look 
..I,  ltMi,,^  ^iif   rt'Bpvct  oa  even  thy  moat 
liee^ — mAjT  I    remAUs    a» 
i  lip  OS  are  the  dandiefl  who 
"look  down     on  blue. 

The  diDiitT  paaawl  off.  Little  Pipp,  a 
\  got  mjiudlin,  and  cried  at  the  si^ht 

i  MScTved  peara,  which  reminded  him 

vi  liuui' .  Several  fellows  btHmme  sentimental^ 
.ftnil  wondered  wh^rtlicr  tlieir  relatives  in 
Euglfind  were  "kwijin^'  it  up."  I  aLao  grew 
.tender  as  I  thought  al^out — ^no  matter !  I 
llmitated  Cleopatra,  luiJ  dropped  a  pearl  into 
I  my  wiiie  J 

llien,   you   know,  there  was  no  mialetoe. 

ittd  if  thtre  Iiu'lWea,  you  couldn't  have  em* 

^braced  old  BnrbeU  untfer  it!     You  eouldn*t 

well    soltite.    We   might    have  aalnted    the 

Adiniial,  hai^l  he  been  there — tenderly,  from 

the  jnws  of  »  nine-pounder.    So  we  talked 

aWui  Kn gland,  and  each  speculated  which  of 

his  ]>reltv  cv^iiatns  woa  herng  kiaaed  by  an 

ugly  eousm  ut  thnt  momeut.     The  time  wore 

on — the  bell  struck — and  aa  you  turned  away 

rfrom   the   circle   chattin^f   about    home,    and 

^r.iynl  init  of  the  poi'ta — yoii  heard  the  water 

iig  by,  wave  after  wave  telling  its 

V  iiri  cry— <md  far   away  shune    the 

ifblack  Aiiiatic  coast,  with  the  light  in  a  mouu- 

'tftineer'a  cottiiee  quivering  here  tiud  there — 

and  not  lightoel  in  honour  of  ChriHl'ft  day  ! 

At  last,  Captain  BarlKdl  rcise,  and  Utwed, 
And  Kailod  out  in  a  utat^'ly  manner.  Wo  bi"oke 
into  groupfl.  The  fitldle  wiis  heard  goiun  on 
Uie  lower  deck.  Singing  tH?gan  on  the  fore- 
Ca»tle,  and  we  were  soon  informwi  how — 

**  The  Hca  looked  black  and  dark  all  i-oond," 

in  the  commencement  of  some  naval  epic ; 
bow 

*'  Four  jolly  BoUors,  ao  atout  and  so  strong/ 

acoompliflhed  some  feat  in  remote  times ;  or 
of  the  a<h'enturej^  of  a  merchant  ehip  of 
Liverpool,  which  thrashed  a  pirate,  with  a 
jolly  choruH,  wigliiug — 

"  Suooe«  to  the  gallant  Liverpool  lahip. 
With  all  her  gjillaut  crew !" 

I  have  not  always  had  bo  lively  a  Chrigtmas 
pa,^-  m  that  in  tlie  "  Bustard"  I  once  spent 
it  in  a  gale  of  wind,  in  the  brig  "  Roarer," 
Tvhcn  we  liad  nothuig  in  the  meas  but  some 
woo<leocka,  which  w«  hiul  shot  in  Alljania, 
and  which  the  caterer  could  nut  carve,  haviog 
K<>t  <lrunk,  heftii-e  dimicr  begiiii,  on  Hhip  »  rum. 
1  once  spent  it  in  pri.son,  in  Spain,  for  having 
lua^lf*  a  row,  with  some  other  jouugsters,  at  a 
bull  fight.  Another  time,  1  apent  it  in  a 
whabr  which  had  had  a  bud  wliale  season  ; 
Ukrwi«e  in  a  galleot,  where  thci'e  were  jilenty 
of  Dntehnieu  mid  very  little  ^' Hollaud8." 

But,  T  have  usually  found  that  one  may  be 
Viry  hafjpy  on  that  oceaj*ioTt,  on  that  merry 
cltmeiit  where  the  moonlight  seems  to  like  to 
Ml  ao  richly  —  and   whieli   buries  you,  and. 


thouaandjs  of  you,  and  spares  men  the  sight 
oftheir  brothora^gToaiiAl  Yea,  indeed.  I  have 
found  that  one  may  have  a  very  ple&fiant 
Chmtmaa  at  SeaL 


A  CHBI8TMAS  PUDDING. 


Ma.  Oldkkow  had  been  romping  with  his 
children  on  CThristmaa  Eve.  At  lattt  they 
had  goue  to  Ijed,  with  flujshed  faces  and  dis- 
ordered curia,  and  the  drawing-room  waa 
deserted.  Mrs.  Oldknow,  a  carend  matron, 
looked  thoughtful  u  she  saw  that  the  pride  ot 
the  Rponge-cnke  wim  utterly  fallen,  and  that 
unqueAtionably  another  must  be  procured  for 
the  next  day^a  festival.  Mr.  Otdluiow,  "  on 
hoepitable  thoughta  intent,*'  half  aoliioquking, 
aaiu — 

*'  My  dear,  we  muat  have  a  aeoond  pudding 
to-morrow." 

"*  Indeed  I  How  in  it  to  be  made  t^'  replied 
the  lady, 

"  How  made  ?  Why,  of  couree,  with  pluma 
and  flour,  and  plenty  of  brandy." 

"  Oh,  you  ai*e  a  precious  cook  !  '*  said  Mrs. 
Oldknow.  **  You  think  a  Christmas  pudding 
can  be  made  as  corWj  as  a  pancake — do  you  1 
Why,  our  pudding  i#  made  already.  Como 
mto  the  kitchen.  The  cook  ia  gone  to  bed, 
and  I  -aill  show  it  you." 

The  kitchen  mantel  was  radiant  with  the 
brightness  of  braas  candieatioks  that  were 
never  iwed,  but  were  duly  cleaned  ;  |iewter 
water-plates,  also  for  ornament,  pl»  '  ep 
the  dreaaer;  an  ancient  clock,  sea  o 

big  for  the  comer  in  which  he  stcMHi,:HLrrii m^d 
up  fr«jm  the  floor  to  the  ceiling,  with  the 
crown  of  liia  re«pect^ble  old  head  pressed 
a^aindt  lis  whitewialiad  surface,  and  his 
vigoroufl  pendulum  noaalng  and  re-pasaing 
beliind  its  own  peculiar  little  window,  like  a 
sentry  always  on  guard.  A  walnut-tree 
bureau  was  still  smart,  in  another  and  hirger 
reoea,  under  the  poliahing  of  half  a  century. 
Mr.  Oldknow  sighed  as  he  recollected  that, 
in  his  father^s  time,  he  had  often  Uiken  his 
fi-ugal  mealrt  in  that  kitchen  ;  and  now,  when 
the  family  home  had  acknowledged  him  aa 
master  fmr  t  wenty  years,  the  refinement  of  our 
days  had  Imnished  him  trom  a  room  where  hia 
father  usctl  to  sit  in  ]mtriarchal  dignity. 
Tliere  waa  the  identical  arm-chair,  the  fine 
old  high-backed  chair,  which,  to  his  boyish 
imagination,  was  a  King^s  throne  ! 

Mrs.  Oldknow  took  out  her  Family  Beceipt 
li^iokfrom  the  polished  bureau,  and  then  read 
aloud,  fur  her  huHbiind'a  editication  : 

"a  pocjtd  cqristkas  rijnDrKG," 

"One  pomul  raisins;  one  poimd  currants  ;  one 
pound  suet ;  one  pound  hrraid-crumba ;  quarter 
poimd  orange-peel  ;  two  ouuom  citron-peel ;  two 
ounccB  lemon-poel ;  one  nutmeg ,'  one  teaspooaful 
powdered  ginger  ;  one  teaspoonful  powdered  chi> 
nainon  ;  one  wino^glosfllul  brandy ;  seven  eggs  ; 
one  teaifpoonful  salt ;  quarter  pound  raw  sugar ; 
milk  enough  to  liquefy  the  nuua,  if  the  eggs  and 
bnndy  be  not  sufficient  for  this  purpose*" 


^'And  why,  my  love,  can't  we  have  two 
Pound  Chriatmas  Puddings,  or  four  Half- 
Found  Podding»  ? "  said  Sir.  Oldknow.  "  I 
want  the  Porters  t^  have  a  puddiiig,  and  old 
nunw  Franklin,  and  the  Corderya.  Fruit  is 
cheap.    And  why  not  ?  '* 

•'  My  dear  Olcfknow,  they  always  do  have  a 
padding,  every  one  of  them.    Look  here  1  " 

Mrs.  Oldknow  then  lifted  a  cloth  off  a 
vast  earthen  pan,  and  behold !  a  rich,  semi- 
liquefied  mass,  8|>cckled  throughout  with 
ptainfl  and  currants,  presented  iUelf  to  her 
boaband^s  view.  He  was  content.  Ho  learnt 
l^tiat  at  the  peep  of  dawn  the  oopper-fii'e 
would  be  lighted,  and  the  fruity  treasure 
woidd  be  divided  into  several  portions ;  the 
tuichtiest  of  which  would  be  for  the  home 
table,  and  the  others  for  the  Porters,  and  the 
rnmklins,  and  the  Corderys. 

"My  love,"  said  the  contented  Mr.  Old- 
Imow,  "aa  1  am  in  the  old  kitchen  for  the 
firat  time  these  dozen  years,  I  think  I  'H 
light  a  cigar — for  there  is  a  lire,  I  see,  in  this 
new'fdahioned  cooking  range — and  rest  for  a 
quarter  of  an  hour,  a^er  all  the  polking  and 
bliuiUiuan's  buff  we  have  had." 

And  HO  Mrs.  Oldknow  went  to  bed. 

Now,  Mr.  Oldknow  was  a  great  reader  of 
travels,  ancient  and  modem — a  kind  of  social 
antiquarian,  also.  He  read  the  travellers, 
partly  for  comtnerctal  informatioD  and  genei^ 
views  of  life,  and  partly  with  an  iimamnative 
taste  for  unfamiliar  scenes.  The  Mo  vine; 
fknoramas — the  NUea,  and  Mississippis,  and 
Overland  Koutes — ^had  given  a  new  intensity  to 
these  studies.  The  vast  pudding  dish  wan 
before  him ;  and  he  mused  and  mused  over 
the  mercantile  history  of  the  vaiious  Buh- 
stances  of  which  that  pudding  waa  composed. 
The  light  wreath  of  the  cigar  crept  round  the 
old  kitchen,  forming  fantastic  shapes  before  it 
melted  in  the  dim  distance.  More  and  more 
obeoure  became  tlie  well-remembered  room  ; 
M  Oldknow  sent  foii;h  feebler  and  feebler 
puffs  from  the  weed.  Its  dying  fragrance 
nuBg^ed  with  thoughts  of  nutmeg  and 
and  became 


*•  Sabiean  odours  fi^m  the  spi(7  shore 
Of  Araby  the  blest" 

The  walls  of  the  kitchen  then  pradually  ei- 
l^nded.  The  bright  pewter  plates  became 
mirrors*  in  which  landscapes  of  every  clime 
were  reflected.  At  length  all  the  other  mirrore 
were  absorbed  by  one  central  min-or  of  vast 
proportions,  upon  whose  vivid  pictures  the 
contemplative  Mr.  Oldknow  long  ga^ed  with 
a  blissful  serenity. 

And  lirst,  the  shores  of  Malaga  floated 
before  his  vision.  Groves  of  orange-trees 
clustered  around  secluded  convents ;  the 
f  agar-cane  and  the  cotton-plant  covered  the 
plains;  vineyartbi,  cieeping  up  the  bright 
mountain  slopes,  ba8ke<l  m  the  autumnal  sun, 
and  their  ponderous  fruitage  grew  browner 
and  browner  as  the  white  or  red  sldu  of  the 
deliciouA  muscat  shrivelled  in  the  noontide 


heat.  Kuine  of  Moorish  towers  and  mosquea 
were  studded  amidnt  while-washed  houi 
and  the  brilliant  columns  uf  the  Alhambra 
glittered  as  in  mockery  amidst  it»  fallen 
roofe.  By  the  sitle  of  the  tributaries  of  the 
Guadalquivir,  the  Carnitnes — {the  \Tneyard 
gardens  of  the  Arabs) — formed  enclumting 
walks ;  and,  as  our  book-traveller  heard  the 
night-breeze^  laden  with  a  thousand  perfumes, 
whispering  amidst  the  orange  groves,  an  arti" 
ctilate  sound  gradually  dropped  upon  his  ear, 
and  he  saw  the  Gkkius  of  thb  Kaisiw,  with 
the  Iresh  vine-wreath  of  a  Greek  Bacchante 
on  the  head,  and  the  Cashmere  shawl  of  an 
Arabian  Sultana  round  the  waist. 

"Son  of  a  vineleas  land,"  said  the  form, 
"  behold  how  I  labour  for  thee  !  I  gather  the 
sun-beams  in  my  hand,  and  range  over  the 
salt  wave  of  the  Mediterranean,  to  scatter 
riijeness  wherever  the  vineyards  bow  l)eneath 
the  pulpy  clusters  which  are  too  rich  for  the 
wine-prefts.  Your  ships  throng  my  Anda- 
lu.sian  ports  of  MaJ.iga  and  Videucia,  I'anmug 
onwara  to  the  Eastern  Cheam4 ;  and  wiey 
bear  to  your  cold  and  cloudy  land  the  rich^t 
gifts  of  our  sunny  South.  Why  come  ye, 
every  yeai*  more  and  more,  with  youi*  linens 
and  your  woollens,  your  glass  and  yourpotter}', 
to  exchange  with  our  native  fruit  ?  miy  strip 
ye  the  gardens  which  the  Faithful  planted^  of 
the  grapes  which  ought  to  be  reserved  for 
the  unlermented  wine  which  the  Prophet 
delighted  to  drink  t " 

"Immortal  child  of  the  Arab,"  replied  the 
son  of  the  vinelesa  land,  "your  nation  gave  us 
the  be«t  element  of  commerce  when  you  gaive 
US  your  numerals.  Your  learning  and  your 
poetry,  your  science  and  your  industry,  no 
longer  fructify  in  heaven-favoured  Andalusia. 
The  sun  which  ripens  your  grapes  and  your 
oranges  makes  the  people  lazy  and  the  priests 
rapacious.  We  come  to  your  porta  with  the 
products  of  our  looms  and  our  furnaces,  and 
we  induce  a  taste  for  comforts  that  will  be- 
come a  habit.  %VTien  oui'  glass  and  our  porce- 
lain shall  find  its  way  into  your  peaaant  s  hut, 
then  will  your  olives  be  better  teuded  and 
your  grapes  more  carefully  dried.  Man  only 
worthily  kilwurs  when  he  labours  for  ex- 
change with  other  labour.  Behold  that  pud- 
ding 1 — It  is  our  England's  imimal  luxury'. 
It  is  the  emblem  of  our  commercial  eminence. 
The  artisan  of  Birmingham  and  Manchester 
— the  seaman  of  Loodon  and  Liverpool — 
whose  festive  board  will  be  made  joyous,  to- 
morrow, with  that  national  dish,  has  con- 
tributed, by  his  labour,  to  make  the  raisins 
of  Malaga  and  the  currants  of  Zante — the 
oranges  of  Algarve,  the  cinnamon  of  Ceylon, 
and  the  nutmeg  of  the  Moluccas — of  com- 
mercial value ;  and  he  has  thus  called  them 
into  existence  ns  effectually  as  the  labour  of 
the  native  ciJtivator,  Child  of  the  Arab 
civiliser,  be  grateful." 

Mr.  Oldknow  looked  for  an  approving  an- 
swer ;  but  the  Genius  of  the  Raisin  had  fled. 

The  hill  sides  of  Andalusia  rapidly  ohaogo 


aofi 


HOTJSKHOLD  WOEDa 


^Staiimlb 


n- 


»: 


^r'  ^*  -  -  '  -'-'■■■  ■''  '^  • »  No  longer  is 
i  r.er,  but  a  land 

.the  FIai*'n  '>i" 

t  ur  boine  traveller, 

:  I     _  ^  r  anate*,  aiitl  peaclie^. 

oranges^  aiui  lut'lona ;  and  its  fieidfi  of  vinei* 
mid  curnints.  The  GiomjB  of  the  CrRiuLNT 
^XQ^Q — a  ^Iminntive  fignre,  winge<l  like  tb<* 
p,*^,ipim  of  fV»nnth,  nntl  brtvi'nir  the  Ko«e  of 
r  ,     .  .     .       ,.      .     faniongBt 

I  -  listener. 

"-  V\  ri.i 'iMO  j;-,  j.nur  t    urjsu  ii:i>-,     >:\h\  he,  **  to 

Zantc  JUiil  Ci^jjhrJoTiin,  Wo  have  twelve 
ttiousaxid  Mores  uf  r""  i'  ''"  !/)*Ape^  ut^I" 
onUure  for  your  f<  lul  your 

hA\'c  tliirf  vefir  niM  n    lilly   mi! 

poitiidR  of  curraTits  for  your  puddingB  and 
your  cakes.  Welcome  are  yewilh  your  Bugar 
iind  your  coffee,  your  rice  and  your  chee«e. 
Welcome  are  ye  with  yotir  gold.  Our  cora 
crt>]w  pre  goire  ;  and  without  ye  the  Morea 
vould  not  yield  iiH  the  wheat  and  the  maize 
Yvl*  '  shall  need  till  the  next   harve«it. 

1  to  p'ow  coiTants  in  the  mil  which 

til.  >    ,i  L.I -lit   m,   and   buy  our  wheat,  thou 
I  up  our  little  vines  for  a  bread-pro* 
'  nil.      Wr  irvr  siire  of  our  hfcad  for 
*  "  iiid  demands  plum- 

i  lire  of  her  puddmffs 

wLiUt  »br  ico  and  forges  steel.     So 

A  happy  i.  I  lo  you,  and  good  night.*' 

"The  tattle  to  you,  laid bi-aro, my  little  free- 
trader/' cried  Mr.  Oldknow,  to  the  Genius  of 
the  Currant, 

An  English  scene  !  It  ia  lian-est  time  all 
over  the  wide  chalk  fields  of  Kent,  '^MIereve^ 
the  eye  am  gtrctch  inland,  the  golden  corn  is 
Vir.,.lii.,  nn,l,.!  li,.-  ^i-a-breexe,  ur  the  sheaves 
:v.  for  the  coming  waggon. 

<|  le  plenty  smiles  upon  the 

traveller.  Tlie  Oemus  of  Bread  arisefi.  He 
ifl  a  Btalwart  fig\irc  in  a  white  amock- frock. 
From  his  straw  hat  to  liis  ln,ced  boots  all  ii 
tight  and  trim  about  biin.  He  is  slow  of 
speech  ;  but  he  ever  and  anon  muttei's  the 
word  "Protect ion." 

"  Proteotion  ! ''  exclnimed  Mr.  Oldknow, 
"who  taught  you  that  Rongi  Do  yaw  want 
protection  ag.oinst  cheap  bread,  my  friend  ; 
Against  warm  and  eleaii  clothing  ;  agnmst  a 
AOUnd  loof  with  glazed  windovs's  ;  ag:uu«t  a 
oonl  fire ;  against  your  tea,  your  augar,  your 
butter,  your  cheese,  your  bacon,  and  your 
Christmiw  midditig  ?  Eii  ?  what  ai-e  you 
thinkifr^  of?  Anything  1  Call  up  the  gliost 
o^  rulfather.   Show  him  your  wheaten 

1  ,tyk  him   to  compare   it  with  his 

bl;L«K  hill  of  rye.  Vou  have  small  wage«,  it 
id  true  ;  but  yu\»r  wages  do  not  dependupon 
the  cheupncBS  of  your  produce.  Your  real 
WkgCA  tue  aM  great  as  you  ever  got  in  the 
pri.t  .  lioa-daya  ;  and  tfiey  go  twice  tm  far. 
V  up  now  ftJB  a  man,  inste^ul  of  break- 

j]  iipon  the  road  at  the  biddimg  of  the 

pamh.  liCttve  the  tk^er-aliop  ;  cultivate  your 
gmileu  ]  have  a  pig  in  the  sty  ;  send  3  our 
childj'cu  to  school ;  and  belle\i2  me  you  will 


b©  better  off  than  imv  other  laboturer  of 
Europe." 

Af r.  lUdknow  wa*  excited ;  but  he  was 
V  anp^ry  when  the  Qranua  or  Sutr  pro* 
d  hTmstlf  in  the  guim  of  a  Siuitliii.ld 
drover,  with  an  over-drtrttj  ox  iV  u 

hta  knees  in  n  crowded  itreet,  a*  i  I  \r 

for  reet.  Mr.  Oldknow  groaned,  and  wjui 
i^-icked  enough  to  wish  that  the  tlrovcr's  dog 
wn»  ©ctttlcring  the  Cimrt  of  Aldermen. 

Tile  Eanda  iHhinda  now  tilled  the  scene. 
Grouped   in     the  Indian    Art'       '  th^ 

ivar*'d  their  volcAme  peaks  all  I  a  the 

' "     0»eir     mountain -aides  with 

'■es;   and   the   eagri  Idiug 

•  to  the  people  of  1  ^  i.  In 
the  covert  of  the  forest-trees  «sbe  the  britUant 
B^l^lB  of  PanidiAc,  occaAiOBiJ  visit&iitB.  But 
the  great  feature  of  the  landscape  wss  oontri* 
but<?d  \yy  the  nutmeg  troen.  It  h  the  gailier- 
ing  time.  The  BandaaeetJ, mingled  with  their 
Dutch  maetera,  are  plucking  the  peach-like 
fruit  from  their  shelter  of  ereen  and  grey 
leaves.  The  ripe  fruit  haa  Bpbt  in  half  as  it 
hangs  on  llie  tree,  find  there  in  the  kernel 
surrouiidt\i  by  the  maoe.  But  the  precious 
nutmeg  has  a  second  protection— itH  shell. 
The  mace  h  removed — the  kernel  is  dried  in 
the  »im-*the  shell  splits — and  there  i»  the 
nutmeg  of  commerce ! 

Tlie  GK»lt7s  OF  THE  NuTMKJ  appeared.  He 
WHS  a  fantastic  figure — ^lialf  man,  half  bird — a 
Dutchman'*  head  on  a  wood  pigeon '3  body. 

"  Engli-^  '     id  he,  **  you  have  wreatlfd 

with  me  t  1  e  Islands  ;  but  they  aw 

mine.  You  u.i  vi-  udcen  from  me  the  cimtam«m 
groves  of  Ceyloo — they  are  youm.  In  the 
eea  traditions  of  your  country  you  have  the 
Flying  Dutchman.  I  am  he.  We  of  the 
Zuyder  Zee  built  up  our  commerce  upon  r*- 
atrictionH  and  monopolies.  When  we  di-ove 
the  Portxigiiese  from  the  Archipelago,  we 
rooted  up  all  the  clovetrees  but  tliose  of 
Aniboyna,  and  all  the  nutmeg  treea'  but  those 
of  Bandn.  We  limited  the  world  to  a  fixed 
quantity  of  cloven  and  nutmeg?,  aa  we  limited 
also  the  comraeiTc  of  cinnamon,  Rather  than 
till  the  market  and  lower  the  jirice,  we  have 

thro  vi-Tii  our  nutmegs  into  the  »f ''i    ..  .iif* 

a  bonfire  of  our  cinnamon  in  f 

Amsterdam.     AVIien  in  the  1;  •     .   n 

the  dim  twilight,  or  under  the  hazy  moon,  a 
6gni'c  has  l^en  seen  flying  along  the  still 
waters  in  which  the  keel  left  no  furrow — I 
was  that  navigator.  I  was  pursuing  the 
wood-pigv?o!i,  who  defied  all  the  rigours  of  mj 
unRc^dai  lawH,  and  carried  the  nutmeg  seed 
to  laiidn  which  owed  Holland  no  tribute,  I 
have  given  up  the  contest  again«t  nature. 
My  spiee  monoiK^ly  waa  i-uinous  to  myself  and 
iiijnnouB  to  my  colonists.     In  C*ylon  I  saw 

{^'our  T'nrrli,]!  diUnsiing  comfort  iUid  equal 
awi^  is,  encoiaramng   indui^, 

desti'  iionr,  and  aelling  cinnamon 

to  ail  the  world.  I  have  made  an  allianoe 
with  the  wood-pigeon  j  I  have  planted  the 
nutmeg  in  Java,  and  there  will  I  oont«ei  mth 


Oieknit] 


A  CHKrST?\lJlS  PrDBTNG. 


30a 


I 


Tou    the  comineree    of  ciimiuaoii.      I  hftro 
I  earn  t  tU*t  ft  small  ilf^mnml  at  h^h  fne^fi, 
for  any  lueful  conn 
unr  90  profitable  a^  . 

-.s.     I  have  lea! 
umerce  is  not 

support  public  va^h  linn;! 

to  dit^Tise  aJl   the  proi 

iis  globe.     You  ht  me  a  leSBOlL 

Hiaold  tiTuie  of  ti;  i  Provinces  ban 

^[^  under  monopolies  imd  i"e«trictions.  We 
xmiy  once  more  t>e  yoor  honest  rival*  under  a 
wi*er  ccMfle.  Yon  want  two  hundred  tbouisand 
pounds  vrci^lit  of  nutmegs  yearly ;  we  will 
deal  like  mcrcfa&ut  priseos  Jiad  good  men  mid 
tnie," 

"  Agreed  ! "  said  Mr.  Oldknow. 

A  Weat  Indian  Sngiir  Plantation  is  now 

r''^'^'"*'^ — with  ita  canes  ripening  under  a 

1  n ,  and  ite  mlUa  with  their  machinery 

.,      _         ji-9   and    lioilere.     The  Genitts  of 

b^GAR  is  a  freed  Negro.    It  WM  said  that  in 

fr«edoi(i  he  would  not  work  ;  he  has  vindiciited 

bis  privileges  la  his  industry  and  his  obcdi- 

etioe.    The  erand  experiment  has  micoMded 

iu  all   mond  effects.      But  the  nation  that 

demanded  cheap  com  would  not  be  content 

V    '  nr.    We  most  buy  our  &ngKe 

fane   ripens.     We  use  seven 

iiiiwua  of  pounds  of  sugar  annually, 

1  ft  duty  of  four  tnilBuns  sterling. 

^_ .  J ;  M \v  tTiou  eht  thiSj but  was  silent,  when 

he  jsaw  tin  i  ng  under  his  own  tig-tree ; 

for  the  jin;  stions  which  his  freedom 

involvi-a  were  somewhat  complicated.  He 
would  trust  ifii  the  ultimnto  power  of  a  noble 
ejtample,  and  in  the  me«T  f  t  the 

gi-eat  body  of  th«  Eriti  buy 

their  sugar  at  half  the  prior-  in.'.i  mt'iv  lathera 
paid. 

Mr.  Oldknow,  being  somewl  "♦    *  ♦'-v^t  upon 

the   sn^ir  (jueatton,   grew  c^  new 

fornt.'ii  nitttni  l.»r-r,ii-e  him,    TLl  -:..■..-...'.■  £oa- 

.  WAS  there,  in  her  blue 

on  hor  back.    Her  step 

was  I  ai  iu  the  famine  years,  and  her 

ligh'i  w  as  once  more  laughing'  under 

her  loii^  black  cye>laahes.    Bhe  had  walked 

from  cottasje  to  cottage  some  twenty  miles; 

'    ■       '     '    vflB  to  form  part  of  the  many 

4tea  that  England  required  for 

"Maythr- '-^ 

uised  Ml". 


Lhey  ix*i\ 
u !     Mflv 


joue. 

Gnotne,  half 
linking  of  his 
No  j"  90  with 


"  IIel^e/'  continued  the  figure^  "  I  am  fi-^e. 
I  fly  through  the  land^  scatteriiig  blessings  as 
wi<)eiy  as  the  dewa  of  haaven.  I  bring  my 
treasures  out  of  the  bowels  of  the  earth  and 
from  the  de])ths  of  the  sea.  I  make  the  fJ«Lilda 
fruitful ;  I  forbid  your  food  to  perish.   Witli- 

*    ....  i^      ■    'stance  of  man  and  beast  is 
rda  of  uufathomablo  forests 

...; -^   -_.   iLdns  in  seorcfa  of  me;  the 

child  that  loves  me  not,  loses  the  bloom  of  ita 
cheek  wid  the  otlour  of  its  breatli.  I  am  the 
univei^  friend.  And  yet  Idngs  have  impi^ 
ously  dared  to  deny  ma  to  their  fubjectSy 
even  though  they  should  perish — theii*  crimen 
have  been  panisthed.  Even  now,  the  Hindoo, 
whom  you  nave  benefited  in  '      s, 

is  deprived   of  me  by  your 
Learn  to  be  wiser.       You   u:i\l-   jii--ii  jua 
from  the  burdens  of  your  home  taxation,  and 
your    industrial  wealth    is   quadrupled     I 
am, — " 

"  S.u;r  !  *'  gueaed  Mr.  Ohiham. 

To  Salt  succeeded  a  singular  figure  m 
the  MiLKT  G»rius.  It  seemed  one-half 
dairy-woman,  with  her  pail  and  stool^  de- 
cently clad  in  woollen  petticoat  and  black 
stockings ;  but  above  was  a  Naiatl  of  the 
Thames,  with  dripping  locks  held  loosely 
together  with  a  wreath  of  rushes.  Mr.  Old* 
know  was  about  to  harangue,  when  a  brisk 
porcer-ieom  vomver  sitepped  forth^with  pudding- 
cloth  in  hand.  *'  The  water  boils»"  said  he ;  "* 
"  the  ingredients  are  mix^  Be  it  mine  to 
bind  them  together  ! " 

*'  ilight,"  cried  Mr.  Oldknow.  "  A^n  our 
country's  emblem.  The  bundle  ot  sticks 
and  the  pudding -cloth  have  each  the  tame 
moraL  Our  aucestoi-*  Ln  their  *  civil  dudgeon ' 
made  *  plum-porridge.*  We,  in  our  imited 
interests,  well  bound  together,  pruduoe  CltrisW 
mas  pudding.*' 

There  was  a  rilence  and  a  pauac  Mr.  Old- 
know  peered  out.  The  mirror  liad  lost  ita 
brilliane}'.  But  suddenly  the  great  puddini^ 
bowl  expanded  into  a  mighty  fiat  dish.  The 
pudding  swelled  into  an  enormous  gloh^ 
bkck  with  plums,  and  odorous  with  stream* 
ing  sauce.  A  holly*tree,  with  ita  prickly 
leaves  at  l>oitom,  its  smooth  leaves  on  high, 
and  its  bright  red  benics,  gi*ew  up  under  a 
cr}'Btal  dome.  On  the  edge  of  the  dish  weans 
jrroui^d  the  Andalusian  with  the  Cnshmere 


,  the  Irish  market- .  e 

1,  the  London  Nai;.  ue 

the  cloth ;   and  th«y  ali  Ujok 

Lhrice  danced  n>imd  tie  edge 

of   the  diih.     And,   lo !    out  of  the  hol^- 

tree   dnypped   a   mouBtached  deuiseti  of  the 

Palais  Euyal.     He  had  a  flask  of  brandy 

in  one  hand,  and  a  huge  silver  bowl  in  the 

other. 

**0h,  nation  of  anti-chemical  cooks,"  ho 
cried,  **  you  put  the  cognac  into  the  tMiddiog, 
and  nine  hotuis'  boiUij^  iMvea  off  all  the  spirit 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


fCanaucloAtiy 


N 
^ 


into  unprofitAble  ga.q.    Look  at  me.     It  la  the 
genius  of  our  natiou  to  flare  up  I  " 

With  thiit  he  emptied  the  flask  into  the 
Ik)w1,  nxxil  8t't  it  on  fire,  and  poured  it  over 
tho  pudlJinJ,^  Ajml  the  niakers  of  the  pudding 
a|;jun  d,ijiced  round  it  in  the  bhio  llame  ;  Ana 
the  pudding  wjts  nothing  hurt  by  the  fliue- 
up,  but  remained  as  sound  and  uuscathe*!  as 
the  Und  itself  after  a  month *b  polemical  lire. 
And  then  Mr.  Oldknow  volunteered  a  aong, 
of  which  four  lines  remained  in  his  memory  ; 
for  he  had  learnt  it  as  a  child,  when  England 
was  threatened  with  invaaion  : — 

"  BritAin,  bo  peaceful  arts  inclined, 

Whei'O  commeroG  opens  all  her  stores. 
In  Bociol  bonds  Bholl  leaguo  mankind. 
And  join  the  gca-divided  Bhores." 

3Mr.  Oldknow  opened  his  e^es.  The  kitchen 
was  in  darkness,  and  his  cigar  amoked  out, 
"  Bleiii  my  heart !  "  said  he,  "  the  Waits  are 
playing  *  The  Wooden  Walla,'  and  the  clock 
Btrikeatwo!" 

CHRISTMAS  AMONG  THE  LONDON 

POOR  a:nd  sick. 

Oct  of  the  family  parties,  two  millionB  and 
%  quarter  strong,  aesembled  in  London,  some 
eiglity  or  a  hxmdred  thousand  have  their 
Chinsimas  dinner  provided  for  them  by  their 
respective  poriahea.  Their  p,atiper-h(XKl  does 
not  sink  tliera  below  the  reach  of  the  genial 
season.  ChristuuiB  tinila  t!iera  out,  even  in 
their  warda  and  their  day-roomH.  A  cheei-ful 
bustle  lietokens  tht*  welcome  day.  An  extra 
polish  is*  seen  on  workhouse  sk<>es  ;  hei^  and 
there,  a  stray  morsel  of  tinery,  or  a  apeeial 
evidence  of  ueatneiis,  i»  \daible  in  work- 
house garments.  The  workhouse  clmpel  has 
a  Bpniy  or  two  of  the  ^eeu  embkMua  of  the 
season,  and  the  sermon  has  an  cxti*a  spiee  of 
seniality.  The  dininp-room  has  quite  aji  ex- 
hilarating polish.  The  white  bare  walls  are 
warmed  up  with  their  spngA  of  holly,  imd  the 
tables — well  scnibbed  ns  usual — are  graced 
by  the  prHjmised  feaat.  No  tJttllt/  to-day — but 
beef !  No  hard  <luHiplingft,  but  plum^puddinn; ) 
The  plums  aro  not  Atoned,  and  there 's  no 
bran(iy  sauce  ;  but  the  appetites  are  not  epi- 
curean. 

But,  the  huge  prandial  army  of  eighty  to  a 
hundred  thoimand  mupera  in  London  ^o  not 
all  feast  in  the  workhouses.  In  round  num- 
bers, only  about  twenty  thousand^  younjif  and 
old,  are  so  accommodated.  Tlie  majority 
are  out-door  poor,  who  enjoy  nnything  they 
may  receive  at  their  own  lodging.  The 
number  of  both  classes  had  greatly  tlimi- 
Hished  last  yeai'  as  compared  with  the  pre- 
Tious  twelve*  months.  It  is  anticipate*!  that 
Cliristmait,  1850,  will  show  a  stdl  greater 
reduction  in  the  number  of  personB  dependent 
on  chiirity  for  their  holiday  meal. 

Of  the  twenty  thousand  who  usually  par- 
take of  workhouse  beef  and  plum -pudding  in 
tbt  meiropolia,  the  larj^est  party  awemble  in 


Marylebone.  In  the  workhouse  of  that  pariah, 
last  year,  nearly  two  thousauil  paupers  wore 
feasted.  The  City  of  Loudon,  iix  its  ostabbah- 
meut  at  Bow,  and  at  tlie  NorwtKxl  Schools, 
fed  the  next  largest  number  :  their  ranks  nms- 
tering  altogethej'some  sixteyn  hundred.  Tliird 
in  the  list,  stood  St.  Pancras,  who  fed  on 
Christmas  Day^^  of  young  tuid  old,  sick  aj»d 
well,  more  than  thirteen  hundred.  To  the 
East  of  thl«)  Modem  Babylon  for  the  two 
next  great  Christmas  gatherings,  and  wo 
find  them  in  Stepney  and  Whitecmapel — each 
gathering,  together,  unwards  of  a  thousand 
candidates  for  beef  and  pudding. 

Across  the  river,  we  have  the  next  strong;: 
parties,  in  Lftmbeth^  and  the  two  Southwurk 
parishes ;  after  these,  foUow  a  list  of  placw 
where  mug  seta  of  seven  hundred,  six  hun- 
dred, five  hundred,  asaemhled.  Unfashion- 
able St.  George  in  the  East  musters  only  two 
hundi'ed  more  than  aristocraiic  St.  Janusi^ 
whilst  such  subwban  places  as  Edmonton 
and  Kensington  display  the  few^est  candidate! 
forparish  Sire. 

The  largest  nartvof  children  baa  always 
BAsembled  at  tne  Norwood  Schools,  where 
about  a  thousand  of  the  progeny  of  London 
pauperism  open  their  young  hcai-ts  on  tho 
great  fe8ti\Til  of  the  English  year. 

From  this  chronicle  of  the  pauper's  Chriat- 
raas,  let  us  now  trace  a  faint  outline  of  the 
Christmas  of  the  London  sick,  A  dozen 
large  Christmas  dimiera  are  eaten  in  the  greftC 
general  Hospitals  of  London,  besides  smallar 
feasts  in  minor  institutions  for  special  diseasca. 
The  income  of  these  twelve  Hospitals  amount^ 
every  year,  to  upwards  of  one  hundred 
and  forty-two  thousand  pountU,  of  whioh 
large  sum  considerably  over  a  hundred 
thousand  pounds  is  derived  from  property, 
the  balance  only  being  made  up  from  volun- 
tary donations.  Fi-om  this  large  fund  three 
thousand  three  hundred  beds  are  kept,  all 
the  year  through,  occupied  by  |)oor  sick 
pei-sons,  too  ill  to  attend  as  out^imtienta. 
This  little  army  of  invalids  includes  unhappy 
people  sutfering  from  all  the  severest  ilia  to 
which  humanity  is  subject.  Frightful  acci- 
dents ;  hideous  deformities  ;  fearful  and  dan- 
gerous opei^ations,  have  been  the  lot  of  suoces- 
sivu  unfoiiunates  who  tenant  these  Hospital 
ImhIs.  To  such^  though  Cliristmas  may  come, 
it  can  bring  little  festivity.  Yet^  there  are 
many  by  wliom  tho  time  of  rejoimig  may  be 
welcomed  ;  and  these,  in  all  cnaes  where  in- 
dulgences are  at  all  permissible,  fin*I  CTirist- 
mfis  beef  and  plum-pudding  at  their  l>edaide8. 
Some,  who  arc  well  enough,  hobble  from 
theii*  beds  to  the  table  of  the  ward  ;  and  there 
the  diruier  of  the  day  has  even  more  of  the 
sembhuice  of  the  season. 

Though  givcii  with  caution,  and  with  the 
kindliest  of  motives,  and  tliough  it  sprcid  a 
new  air  of  cheerfulness  in  pla^s  fidl  of  pidn 
and  painful  thought,  these  luxuries  do  rnther 
harm  than  good  within  the  walls  of  the 
Hospitals ;  whilst,  amougat  the  out-^atienti. 


IHckou.) 


CHRISTMAS  IN  INDIA. 


300 


Christmas  is  m\'ariably  recogtiued  oa  a  lime 
irheii  almost  all  difleases  become  aggravated. 
WUhiu  the  walla  the  sick  are  under  control^ 
but  those  who  seek  it  only  for  medicme,  and 
live  in  liieir  own  way,  are  at  liberty  to  follow 
or  neglect  the  advice  which  is  to  cure  them, 
Chrii3tm:*.«i,  to  most  of  them,  is  a  time  of  over- 
eating and  over-diiiikin^,  and  hence  it  ia  a 
QiOloriouK  morsel  of  Christmas  Hospi^  ex- 
peneuce,  that  the  out-patienta  will  all  be 
wtjrse  after  "  Boxing  Day"  than  tUey  were 
belbre.  In  ftome  large  claBsefl  of  diseases  this 
mj^  be  aaid  to  be  invariably  the  case. 

Li  a  large  Hospital  like  Bartholomew's,  for 
i&Btauce^  it  is  always  a  question  who  is  to  be 
hoiise  surgeon  on  duty  on  Boxing  Night ;  for 
BO  Bare  as  the  night  shall  come,  it  shiQl  be  no 
night  of  rest  for  liim.  Double  the  niunber  of 
casualties  are  brought  in  as  comjiared  with 
the  aveiBge  of  any  other  night  m  the  year. 
Broken  heads,  "  got  in  a  aerimma^e,  your 
banner,  with  Paddy  Phelan  ;"  broken lega,and 
sometimes  thighs,  from  slipping  down  stairs 
after  the  feastiugs  and  drinking^  ;  stabs  given 
by  folks  who  met  and  ouarreTled  "just  in  a 
friendly  way  ; "  insensible  bundles  of  clothes 
and  humanity,  who  had  tJiken  poison  with 
their  drink  for  jealousy  sake ;  and  cabs  with 
men  in  a  &tate  which  defies  policemen  and 
ffoodnattire*!  (>edestrians  to  decide  whether 
Siey  be  dead  with  drink  or  djing  of  an  apo- 
plectic fit.  A  dreaiy  side  of  the  Christmas 
picture  is  this,  but  a  true  one  nevertheless ; 
the  shadow  of  the  subject ;  the  gloom  that 
must  exist,  to  contrast  with  brightness  in  all 
things  human.  The  poor  house  surgeon, 
possibly,  ought  to  think  bo,  but  as  snmils, 
and  bandage^  and  phusters,  and  sleepy- 
looking  nurses,  and  lancets^  and  drugs,  and 
stomach-pumps,  throng  round  about  him  in 
the  disturbed  quiet  of  his  Hospital  night,  no 
one  can  blame  him  much  if  he  lectures  the 
hero  of  t lie  "acrinimage"  and  the  broken  head, 
or  mildly  supplies  advice,  as  well  as  bandngeSj 
to  the  tipsy  proprietor  of  the  broken  leg,  upon 
Uie  old  and  good  adage  "  That  Enough  *b  as 
Oood  as  &  Fraat"— even  at  Christmas  Tide. 

CHKISTMAS  m  INDIA. 

CaaisTiCAs  in  India! — There  is  anomalv  in 
the  very  sound.  Christraos  in  the  heart  oi  the 
land,  where  millions  fall  in  idolatrous  wor^tiip 
before  the  rude  images  of  Bralima,  Shiva  and 
Vishnu— and  where  hundreds  of  thousands  of 
the  foLJowera  of  Mahomed  scoff  at  the  pro- 
mises of  the  Redeemer!  Christmas — iden- 
tical in  English  minds  with  frost  and  snow, 
And  crisp  holly— in  a  clime  where  the  scorch- 
ing rays  of  the  sim  eternally  pierce  the  very 
marrow  of  man,  and  penetrate  the  verv  l>oweU 
of  the  earth  ! 

And  were  India  solely  tenanted  by  the 
Hindoo  and  the  Mussulman, — hatl  the  zealous 
misaioQaries  and  propagandists,  who  followed 
the  fortunea  of  Albuquerque  and  Tasoo  de 
Gama,   bome   the    cross   to   the  Bhon»  of 


Hindoatan,— had  the  French  Abb6a  who  en- 
joyed the  protection  of  Lally  and  Dupleix 
failed  to  tdl  the  field  of  proselytism— Imd 
England  never  played  her  part  in  the  revela- 
tion of  Christian  truths— to  this  moment  no 
voice  would  be  heard  to  tell  witJi  impunity, 
on  the  blessed  anniversary,  how  hendd  angels 
sang  "  glory  to  the  new-bom  Sing ! " 

Butj  the  tide  of  European  conquest,  and, 
better  still,  the  tide  of  ffuropean  civilisation, 
has  carried  to  the  benighted  land  kiMwledge, 
and  a  large  spirit  of  toleration  ;  and  now,  from 
Cape  Comorin  to  the  farthest  northern  con- 
fines of  the  Punjaub,  the  cross  is  recognised 
by  thousands  who  gladly  a<?cept  its  guarantee 
of  salvation.  In  Western  India,  and  in  many 
parts  of  the  Peninsula,  the  peasantry  have 
adopted  the  Roman  Catholic  £wth :  imperfectly 
taught,  however,  and  rudely  administered  by 
the  degenerate  descendants  of  the  early  Por- 
tuguese settlers.  At  all  the  Presidencies',  there 
are  handsome  Romish  churches,  and  still  more 
chaste  and  beautiful  edifices  dedicated  to  Pro- 
testant worship.  In  many  parts  of  the  harge 
towns,  the  eye  can  take  in,  at  a  single  ww,  a 
Pagoda,  a  Moaque,  a  Protestant  church,  and 
a  Catholic  chapel.  Sixty  thousand  English- 
men, Irishmen,  and  Scotchmen,  scatterecfover 
India ;  and  five  hundred  thousand  of  the  half- 
castes  or  oountry-bom,  in  whose  veins  some 
British  blood  flows  and  throbs,  together  with 
a  few  hundred  natives,  are  of  the  Protestant 
persuasiott.  And  every  day  sees  their  number 
and  the  beneficent  eifeeta  of  their  example, 
and  the  teaching  of  their  ministers,  augment. 

Is  there,  then,  anything  so  very  anomalous 
iu  the  connection  of  the  idea  of  Christianity 
with  idol-worshipping  India  ?  Or  can  it  be  a 
matter  of  surprise  that  Christmas  Day  should 
be  observed  throughout  the  localities  tenanted 
by  Europeans,  and  (so  called)  Portuguese,  with 
peculiar  interest  and  solemnity  ? 

At  once  the  season  of  worship  and  rejoicing, 
Christmas  in  India,  and  more  especially  at 
the  Presidencies,  abounds  with  interestix^ 
features, 

It  Is  early  moniingj  the  sun  is  up  and 
Christians  ot  all  classes  are  afoot.  The  bells 
of  all  the  places  of  Christian  worship  are  sum- 
moning to  prayer.  Hurrying  along  the  roads 
and  across  the  maidauntf  or  esplanades,  the  Por- 
tuguese clerks  and  (MjfoAt  (nurses  and  waiting- 
women)  attired  in  their  best  cottons, wend  their 
way  to  ma-ss,  to  celebrate  the  glorious  Nativity^ 
and  behold  the  image  of  Nossa  Senora.  The 
gorgeous  paintings  which  decorate  the  massive 
religious  structures  in  Italy,  Austria,  Spain  and 
Portugal,  are  wanting;  but,  there  are  other 
types  which  equally  addr^  themselves  to 
the  vulgar  sense.  After  mass,  at  many 
cbupels  and  churches,  a  little  bed  is  exhibited 
and,  within,  reposes  an  effigy  of  the  Virgin 
mother  bearing  the  infant  J^«>i>».  Crowds 
rush  forward  to  render  homage  t'>  Oh  iirwce. 
It  is  kissed  by  tbous-onds,  and  bwlewed  with 
the  tears  of  joy  and  gratitude.  Holy  wjiter 
is  at  a  premiiun.     The  vast  oongregationa 


HOUSEHOLD  W0BD6. 


return  V 


otiiexings  to  tiie  pwor  niwi  wortiiy  I'tvlrv,  m 
the  BllApe  of  whcnt   i^licnrr?',,  ft^l^ts,  '^he<'?rq^ 

wilt  ppriuit.      \ '  

i"  JiLsii  pcaisaiitry  to 

I -adv. 
v>  iiih  '■  ;     "nil   in  tlio 


m,  are  freely  dropped 
I  s  plate,  to  pruTido 
L  iiuli^eut  of  all  cji^tce 


Boman  ( 


tlu!  stir- 
ru-o  busv 
•1%"      By 


ru'C 


rcitoti     at 


Luure 


with   festoons  oi  ii; 

Indiou  Jaismiiie).     '>> 

liutrul  —  tlif  tt'o]>ici*i  uiiUititiiLc  ii>i    iitiU^y  — 

adm'a  thi'  coluiuiJd  of  his  veraudAb,  atid  th« 

eatnuices  to  his  rootu^. 

Now, "  mAster/^  or  the  mh^^  hots  breakCastedy 
and  tho  htacl-i<  V  "  rioimoea  that  the  rett 
af  the  domosth  i  noisaion  to  pay  their 

rrspecta.  WLii  |.,  ^  r-ion  ia  this?  la  a 
iij:krria;;e-ltei(*?t  louanl  f  Celiold  the  fitcar^ 
II','    i•\^■i\..    \\\\ff    Iv.  ri'%    (li.-    .  ;'/i<riV^    nccouots  1 

.  ho  mokea  hia 

ly  froated 

i  almonds 

t  d^  aud  a  Dose- 

\  accepted,  and 

i'>u.     Now 

vant.    He 

703,  a 

-the 


ill,   44    UiU 


or  *cAti'  tiah,  44 
with   HIP-' 
ood  I 

asmaii  | 
coiuea  thi 

hue  I't" 
amAll 


iuji 


^    and   the    fiirnHv 
the   iJuiH"   by  visitfU's,    i 
of  the  higlitMjt  ^n»<lfei. 
more   legs  of 
ahiionda  and  r 
cosesv 

Tlio  uiitc:!isiIo&  Ls,  how  to  dUpoee  of  all  thij 

prialviblo    u»att<jr ;    for    JChamir  '  o 

hutltTj   iokea  care   tliat   all   the  > 

^■It.-i!)    II. ,f    Hiii^rfero   wit^'    I'I'J    '>  r 

He  ]u\s. 

1  the  dftv*       ,  n 

cdy  the  periaiuibk  prceeniB  ore  giv^en 

A^  evening  closes  ui,  the  houeo  of  each 
family  of  respectability  oi>eu8  its  Iiotfpilable 
doore  to  the  recoptiou  oi  fi*icn»1a ;  and  tho 
roast  beef  and  the  plnm-puddltifr,  and  th» 
mince  pies,  the  port  wiib^  '  '^  '  " 
attest  the  attiolimcnt  <  t 

homo-boDOur«^1 '^^    •■  -  : 

^ood  wijshea  ;i  L 

i»  directed  to  li- 

tance,  and  the  day  clusua  much  aa  it  cloaea  in 
England.  In  Calcutta,  fires  are  bnmt  Iq 
English  gratea,  in  tho  montlia  of  December 
and  January ;  and  although  a  liandaome 
bouqiiet  of  roses  de^.•f^rat(*3  th«3  drawing-room 
table  and  thu  chiffuniors,  tliero  ia  a  wijitry 
fed  al>out  the  atmoaphere  ;  ainl  as  the  elmiis 
ai-e  drawn  round  tho  f he-place,  and  the 
whisk«y-puach  ia  ItrcwtHj,  the  cherished  idea 
of  hom<*  on  Chriistmaa  Day  is  suitably  and 
completely  realLiud, 


aUu  )   could  lUvine 

the  t ;  ,   prctt}'  dessert 

fmit  tu  \tLi\  \^ itli— a^il  Uii  t  it  suggestive 
of  th«  gUnd?vnl  joke  of  the  old  ^ui  hye  f 
1^'  "     on  purpose  roll*  a  mango 

'  it-pliite,  and  eiclmma  with  a 

cii  iLi.j r,  -t.'  Iiow  niiturally  nutn  gei3  to 
Kidmai^s  ! ''  The  cliiMreu  lan;t,'li ;  anil  a 
fiwnt  wiulc  plavs  about  tha  lipa  of  the  adults, 
who  have  ueAnl  the  veteran  jest  a  score  of 
tlmre*  The  KhdmacUjluvr  ia  dianiiaded  with  a 
pre«at,    ^  h  the  Sirdiw  bearer^  tlLd 

tuilor,  the  ^  iu— even  the  poor  mehiur 

(aww]»»  i-i,  .  ^>  ,i  witli  the  Chiijatmaa  present — 
and  c.uli  I  ociuuB  a  suitable  douceur  or  but- 
M(u/i — ol'teu  pi"onoiuieed  l/ujcii^  and  so  sug- 
geetiog  the  notion,  that  we  have  boiTowed  the 
term  antl  i^onveitrd  it  iutt*  "boxes." 

Bleastil  and  blt'^ing,  the  master  now  dis- 
miaacd  his  iluruostica,  and  the  carriage  ia 
ovdared  to  the  duor  to  carry  the  f/unily  to 
dhurch.  S»i!rvice  m  peiformed  with  (lie  extra 
ftOlamnity  suitable  to  the  oceaBion.  The 
church  \^  -nrhndcfl  with  hiui-el  and  other 
'  d  ia  ma^le  to  the  cliarit- 

•i  >ngregation ;  and  aa  the  I 

Oi^oji  yiiida  thu  linxd  romutuey,  the  liank-' 


CHfilSTMAS   IN  THE  FROZEN 
REGIONS. 

TaiNK  of  Chriatmaa  in  Uie  tremendous 
wastes  of  ice  and  snow,  that  lie  ui  the  rumoteat 
re^ons  of  the  oarth  !  ChiHstniaa,  in  the  inter- 
immible  white  deacrt  of  the  Pohtr  isea  !  Yet 
it  has  Ix'en  I  .      '  '       '       '    . 

cheeituU}^,  by 

moimtaiii3  of  i...-,  u'v^i-m  uj^  <.•■„>  <.n-i,  n,.>c- 
ma^le  a  ehaoa  round  their  iihiiKs  which  in  a 
moment  ml  ^lu  h  iv,^  ■  muud  them  to  dust; 
where  h:i  >n  the  face;  where 

bln&kets   '•  upon  the  bodies  of 

men  lying  ai^leep,  clobtiy  houaed  byhngefirea^ 
and  plaiatera  have  tunifl  lo  ieo  wjmm  ihe 
woumlii  of  others  accidn  i       * 

the  shipa  k'kve  been  ufi  t 

the  environing  ice,  and  have  i 
selves  far  leag  than  the  eurr^ 
have  resembled  monBtrons  piits  ^i  ^lklukc- 
ture  which  could   not  poaaitly  be  there,  or 
anywhere;  wherethe  winter  an  i'^^^-' ^"1  iiinls 
are  white,  aa  if  thoiy  too  w^ 
desokte  «now  and  irost ;  th-  < 

hAve  read  the  prayers  of  Chmtma*  iiay,  and 
have  dmnk  to  trienda  at  liome,  and  sung  homo 
songs.    In  1819,  Captain  P&ny  and  hla  br»vd 


i 


CiMdMlKdWO*] 


CHUISTMAS  IN  THE  FROZEN  EEGI0N3. 


MXr 


sompanionB  did  so ;  and  the  officers  having 

diru'l  otV  ;i  piece  of /rc«A  beef,  nine  montha 
«  iDteDAe  climate,  joined 

I !  \  .^,  with  tin?  thiTmrtiiietf^r 


1 !  118,  and  Crce  women  and 

1 !  who  am  now  at  home  to  %\  i 

kept    (_:iiii^tma5  D;iy  with  the  South  Iplar 
expedillou,  coiiaL^iuiji  of  the  **  Erf-bns  "  nnd 
"Terror;'    and  then 
oonmxenioration  of  • 

(Ake  phice  iu  the  Fi  -lleaveiji 

cnuxt  it!     It  ia  ucJ  —and  be 

Eekl  by  the  kter  cr*  >.!.uie  fthi|M  ; 

for  thev  :ire  the  ven  i  have  ao  loiyg 

been  niistiiug,  luid  tlia :  .. .  ^ .  . ..;: Lilly  coimfictea 
in  the  puldio  wind  with  FE.isKUJt's  mane. 

The  C'liristuiivB  Day  of  1841  was  uahered 
in  by  one  of  those  dense  fogs  bo  peculiar  to 
very  hr^^h  latitudes.  The  two  shipa,  beaet  in 
t '  Ti^k,  or  xnst  belt  of  ice,  drifUug  ou 

t.  s   of  the    Antarctic    Pole,   alone 

bi^jkc  llie  atiU,  deep  soUtude  of  the  wide 
scene  of  desolation. 

On  the   Ufting  of  the  fog,   the  "Terror" 

•ppcjured   closely  beijet   behind   a  hu-go  ice- 

^""  '    her  topmaats  just  pe«ring  above  the 

i^    ejLtremity   of   ita   lower    end.      It 

very  rtiuarkable-looking  hm,  little 

livn  two  hundred  feet  in  height^  snr- 

ued  by  two  white  cnpoLvahaped  hum- 

luucka  ;  whLUt  the  cracks  and  tisaiures  oa  its 

stuj>enduuii  sides,  reflecting  the  blue  rays,  re- 

lio'ed  the  uniform  whitene&i  of  iia  surface  by 

tints  of  the  must  beautiful  aaid  tlelieate  azui*e. 

We  chribteiicd  thiji  Uie  **  ChriBtmAB  Berg," 

and,  as  it  wnjs  destined  to  be  tlie  frequent 

eompojaion  of  onr  zig-zag  eonrse  through  the 

nkonotonous  pack,  it  wa,^  soon  looked  upon 

80  on  old  iamiliar  friend.    The  *'  Ei-ebu^  "  was 

testing  about  in  a  "hole  of  water,"  ns  the 

temporary  oi>enin£B  in  the  pack  were  called, 

•tirrQuud^.i  on  all  sddea  by  loe,  in  heavy  floe- 

res  of  irregular  ehapca ;  heaped  together 
the  eiionnoua  preggnre  which  the  whole 
ntaaa  waa  exptised  to,  when  the  vast  body  of 
water  cM^mpoawg  tho  Southern  Ot&m  waa  di&- 
tnrbed  by  hoavy  ^«a. 

Majiy    interesting    object^    however,    oc- 
•retl  to  begiult;  the  tedium  of  our  protract- 
detcntiou  within  this  p  "i^-    ^^I'M-h  could 
hav^been  leas  than  sev  hundred 

iu  breadth.     It  wa,s  >_>yeT  with 

muncrous  bergs ;  gome  of  them  tlu'ee  or  four 
Miles  iu  Itrngth  ;  their  tabular-shaped  summits 
towering  to  the  height  of  from  a  hundred 
to  two   hundred   ff*et   al»ovc  ih^  fwek  its»^lf 

vr  ■     ■■         "..  ■  •    ■      -      "   - 


^'  followed    by  a   floek  oi 

111   ._. J...  .     direction,   the    dcene   -ft^-jn*    ^r..- 

vanefi  by  a  lorng  line  of  peuj^ins  leaping  out 


of  the  water,  one  alter  tlie  othvr,  id  quick 

succession,  like  ao  many  "*kip-jacks,"'  moving 
aloijg  with  the  gi'eatest  regularity  in  &'ui^le  61c. 
and  which  at  a  distance  m^ht  be  easily  nu»- 
takcu  for  a  shoal  of  thoae  fish,  did  not  their 
Iiarah,  loud  cjiwing  lietray  them.  Ovvrhead, 
.4  passint;  flock  of  the  agile  an/!  •  ■'  Tern 

now  :vijJ^  thtni  enlivened  tht^  I  heir 

Isrin   •111, I   :i!    i:i!lf  .-•!    >i;' I -4  .JUKI,:   •     •  ,     ,,,..,   uleCCS 

!  t>aakerl  or 

,  I    undisturbed 

in  t!i  ;Je,  luid  daring  the  thundering 

collie  witli  ice  in  the  foaming  bui% 

as  in  Ulo  mu^t  quiet  calm. 

Such  waa  the  general  cham^ter  of  Un»  sc^ae 
atiiidat  which  we  of  the  '*  E    "      "       '    ""        :  " 
had  to  keep  our  Chriatr.  ; 

and,    not  wi  til  standing  om    j 
we   managed   to   re«4er\'e   for  ^ 

dinner  the  usual  old  English  : 
with  roast    goose^  followed   ^ 
never-to-be-forgotten  plum-puj  I       _  .; 

and  gooae,   it  muHt  be   oonfesaed,   were  not 
of  English  growth.     Tht^y  had  mover  se«& 
the  old  country ;  but  drew  their  finit  biwiUi 
ou  the  f^-ni-clad  plateau   of   the   Wairoat*, 
noai*  the  Bay  of  Islands  in  Ne^     '    "  "'•* 

had  brought   them  thenee^  ii 
lio  offered  up  a  aaci!"'       '     '  ^u^  ua  ti^t* 

ice-girt  sea  of  the  A 

The  position  of  lL^  -  -  i--r- 

leas  enough  ;    tacking   ;i  \ 

space  of  open  water  j  iiiv  _        1 

with   her   decks    cncumt>ered    by   biocka   of 
ice,   piled  up  abaft  ;  twelve  tons  of  the  cold 
subatance  having  Juflt  Iwen  taken  on  iMjaid, 
firom  a  hummock,  to  complete  our  water.    Thia 
work    hael    given   additional    chilliiieaa    and 
checrles8nei;£i  t^  the  aliip.     After  Divine  Ser- 
vice had  been  performed,  we  hoped  for  few 
otlier  »igna  of  the  day ;  but  all  the  amuae- 
ments  contemplated  for  the  Christmi^a  evening 
were  reserved,  not  resigned.     Ou  New  Vear^a 
Day  wo  crc"ssed  the  Aufjit-.-t;,-  rir<  1. .  iust  twro 
huudivd  iuid  tifiv  7 
Uie  pack,  which  w:» 

south wartl.     Both  shii^s  were  t 

ict^anchors  and  haw»era,  to  a  I  t 

formed  a  fender  between  them,  a- 
free  communicitioii.      On   tins   ].i 
both  alii]'-'  - 

on  the  l.'i 

tioDS   for   "  ^eenii^   me   i.n'i  yvui-  uuv>  auij   iLn# 
new   one  in."     A  qiuulrangular  apace  waa 
liewn  out  in  the  ice  for  a  dance  ;  Irnving,  tn 
the  centre,  an  elevated  chair,  carved  oat  of 
the  same  aubbtance.     Adjacent  to  tliis  c«  vi^ttd 
ball-room,  another  excavated  aquu  ' 

the  refreshment-room;  having  a  t,t 
midat,  also  cut  out  of  a  block  of  ice,  on  which 
<:;1asaea  with  bottlca  of  wine  and  ^rog  w»rt 
■  >\  as  refreshment  for  the  dan «  ""is 

I/:  of  ice^  all  open  ha  it  wa*t 
Lijii  entered  by  dei^condlng  fi  fli^! 
'Ut  iu  the    ice,  receiv*..!   the  apj 
'  Aniufctic  HoVd^'  jmd  bore  on  a  ^i^..  .  ...i, 

fixed  to  a  pale,  the  worda  **  Fi^^ritaa  of  i^ 


aoe 


HOUSEHOLD  WOEDS. 


CCoadHcMdlf 


I. 


Ocean,''    and  on   the  reverse,  **  PUneen  of 

These  devices  wen?  contrived  by  the  worthy 
Botttawmn  of  the  "  Erebiis,"  who  undertook 
to  perform  tlie  part  of  landlord.  Not  re- 
joicing ui  a  sufficiently  portly  person,  na  he 
thought,  for  sustaining  with  becoming  dignity 
the  new  character  he  nasumed,  he  made  up 
whAt  Nature  had  denied  him  in  rotundity 
of  figure  by  stutfing  a  pQlow  under  hia 
waistcoat.  Tlina  rigg«d,  he  stnittetl  about 
much  after  the  fashion  of  a  crc*pper  pigeon  ; 
his  hands  stuck  in  his  Rhooting-jackct  wicket ; 
an  apron  fastened  round  hifl  waist,  in  front  of 
which  dangled  a  huge  bunch  of  keys.  lu- 
expi'casiblea  buckled  at  the  knees ;  and  a 
round  cap,  worn  jauntily  on  one  side,  com- 
pleted hia  costume  :  he  played  his  part  with 
much  humour.  Two  young  8eanieii,  rxting  as 
hia  waiters,  were  busily  employed  in  handing 
lH>nnd  qenuifu  "Antarctic  ices"  on  ft  tray. 
In  front  of  the  Hotel,  the  English  ensign 
wavo«l  to  the  sontheni  breeze,  ^mrd«l  by  a 
cannon  and  pile  of  shot,  not  of  iron,  but  ice^ 
which  ffj>arej  our  powder.  Near  the  gang- 
way of  the  '^  Terror,"  a  female  fig\ire,  in  a 
Bitting  altitude-,  her  head  oniamented  with  a 
profusion  of  ringlets,  was  modelled  in  snow, 
and  surmounted  by  the  word  "Haidee  ; "  but 
wlicther  she  bore  anv  resemblance  to  the  beau- 
tiful Greek  girl  of  liyron's  imagination,  ia  an 
alTuJr  of  the  sculptor's.  In  front  of  the  gong- 
wav  of  the  "  Ei-ebus  **  appeared  the  bust  of  a 
miilo  figure,  wearing  a  foraging  cap^  and 
formed  of  the  same  pliiatic  material. 

Aa  the  Iwlls  of  the  two  ships  struck  their 
nautical  number,  eight,  which  announced  the 
hour  of  midnight,  the  New  Year  was  welcomed 
in  by  three  loufl  and  hearty  cheers ;  and 
whilst  the  echo  from  the  last  cheer  waa  re- 
verberating among  the  aurronnding  V»erg8, 
the  Hhnii  rvfw^  of  a  fowlioff-piece,  ringing 
thri*  rttfied  air,  was  Tollowed  by  the 

whirl  it   uf  the   lifeless  foi"m  of  the 

lieautilul  "•  Irel,   {FroceiOiriu  nivm^) 

the  first  i»  I  he  New  Year,  and  victim 

in  the  cau^ic  <>i  bcieuce.  This  true  and  faith- 
ful harbinger  of  ice,  hovering  over  the  scene 
at  Buch  a  moment — poor  bini  ! — paid  dearly 
for  the  gratitication  of  its  cunoaity;  the 
temptation  to  possess  it,  proving  too  strong 
for  an  enthusiastic  orDitliologist  to  reajgt, 
AS  he  reclined,  gun  in  hand,  on  a  hummock 
of  ice,  a  close  oljserver  of  the  aurromiding 
scene. 

Whilst  these  amusements  were  protfressing 
in  the  ice-built  Hotel,  the  scene  visible  from 
the  "  Terror's"  **  crow's  neat "  (a  cask  with  the 
hea^l  out,  and  with  a  seat  in  tlie  centre, 
placed  at  the  fore-top-gallant-mast  head,  as 
ftn  observatory  for  watching  the  movements 
Simon^t  the  ice)  was  even  more  ludicrous  and 
amnamg.  On  her  decks  below»  several  of  the 
crew  commenced  singing  and  blowing  horns, 
whJIijt  others,  fidl  of  rude  mirth,  seizing  the 
pigs  in  the  sty  by  the  ears,  pinched  them 
until  the  hapleea  gmntera  imited  tlieir  cries 


in  concert  with  the  homa,  varying  the  key, 
as  Jack  tightened  or  relaxeti  his  grasp,  ae- 
cording  to  liie  own  notions  of  keeping  time. 
This  elicited  roars  of  laughter  from  the  rest  of 
the  crew.  All  the  time,  showers  of  anuw-balla 
flew  about  in  all  directions  ;  the  entire  group 
appearing  as  full  of  boisterous  mirth  ana 
frolic  aa  if  the  whole  had  been  eimctinc  on 
the  frozen  surface  of  the  Thames  or  Med- 
way. 

The  usual  New  Year's  present,  consisting 
of  a  suit  of  warm  clothing  and  extra  allow- 
ance of  rations,  was  served  out  in  the  courae 
of  the  day  to  each  individnal  of  the  Expedition. 
And  all  the  officers  dined  with  the  Captain, 
who  had  been  their  gueat  in  the  gvin>room 
on  Christmas  Day.  Hoast  gooee  and  roaiit 
beef  again  constituted  the  mre;  mince-piee 
superseding  the  plum-pudding. 

The  dav  was  dosed  with  a  dance  in  the 
**  Crystal  feall-room,"  in  which  both  Captaim 
joined.  In  the  alienee  of  our  fair  country- 
women this  could  scarcely  be  otherwise  than 
a  dull  afhiir. 

Thus  ended  our  Chnstmas  holidaj's  in  the 
pack.  About  midnight,  from  the  main-top- 
mast cross-trees  nf  the  "  EreVms,'*  the  view 
presented  one  imbroken  surface  of  ice  ;  not 
the  ahght^t  opening  of  water  was  to  be 
»een,  anywhere  aiituud,  to  the  horizon ;  just 
above  which,  that  l>eautiful  orl)  of  hoih. 
day  and  nighty  here,  for  a  time,  appeared 
roiling  along  its  verge  like  a  bright  globe 
of  fire.  A  few  maje^itjc-looking  bergs,  mone, 
broke  in  upon  the  general  uniformity  of  the 
pack,  casting  their  shadows  \ipon  its  surface. 
A  solitary  Antarctic  gull,  winding  Ids  way 
past  the  ships  in  search  of  open  water^  for 
nifl  predatory  excursions,  gave  the  only  indi- 
cation of  life  in  the  vast  solitude. 

From  that  solitude  of  the  South  Pole  the 
"Erebus"  and  '^Terror"  safely  rehinie<l,  to 
make  their  way  to  the  frozen  North,  where 
their  absence,  with  their  gallant  leader,  Sir 
John  Franklin,  has  caused  such  a  |>ainfnl 
degree  of  excitement  throughout  the  length 
and  breadth  of  oiir  native  land,  and  raSed 
so  wide  a  P^yiojiathy  through  the  whole  tsm.- 
liaed  world.  And  although,  at  tlie  approach- 
ing festive  season,  many  a  family  cii-cle, 
luisembled  round  the  winter's  hearth,  tatky 
have  to  lament  the  absence  of  some  relative 
or  much-vidued  friend  from  the  otherwise 
joyous  scene,  let  no  such  family  despair, 
however  discouraging  their  forebodings  ;  for, 
in  the  absence  of  all  tidings  of  our  lon^- 
misfling  countrj-'men,  hope  still  remains.  It  la 
fostered  and  snp|>orted  bv  the  fact,  that  the 
annak  of  the  Northern  WhaJe  Fishery  record 
infitanceB  of  the  return  of  adventurers  from 
thoae  regions,  after  periods  of  abaence,  as  long 
protracttnl,  and  iu  which  the  absent  saDors 
have  been  as  long  unheard  of,  as  in  the  case  of 
Franklin  and  his  crew.  Let  it  be  bonie  in 
mind,  that  where  the  Esquimaux  can  live^ 
there  the  Engliah  seaman  can  live.  We  mav 
yet  hope  to  aee  the  crewa  of  the  **Brebu«" 


Dlchci»J 


CHKISTMAS  DAY  IN  THE  BUSH. 


300 


and  **  Terror "  once  more  ready  with  a  yam 
about  Christmas  at  the  JPole,  to  htilp  oat  » 
ChrifitiuAs  in  EnglAndL 

CHRISTMAS  DAY  IN  THE  BUSH, 

hs  1840,  on  a  biinuDg  Chiistmaa  eve — real 
■ummer  weatlier — two  young  gentlemen,  in 
very  light  costume,  were  eitting  opposite  each 
other  in  a  bark  Buali  hut,  weary,  dusty,  cud 
rather  disoonsolate.  Tlie  stockwhips  tuid 
Baddies  on  the  ground,  with  liaif-boota  kicked 
off  beside  them,  showed  that  they  had  juat 
returned  from  a  long  ride.  The  hut  was 
evideutly  recently  built,  and  it  waa  plain  that 
this  WAS  a  new  station. 

**  Well,  Jack,"  said  the  shorter  of  the  two, 
**  this  \»  a  pleasant  look  out  for  Chriatmas 
Day, — ^uo  dray  up,  our  last  flour  gone  to- 
day, and  oui-  Ixist  sugar  melted  away  last 
"We^'k;  that  disgusting  emu  has  eaten  up 
aU  the  pumpkins  and  melons,  bo  we  may 
dine  to-morrow  on  tea,  au  natMrd^  and  the 
remains  of  the  last  cask  of  sidt  beef ;  unleaa 
you  prefer  to  kill  a  bit  of  fresh,  and  eat  it 
withuut  darap«r,  salt  or  picklea.  No  doubt 
the  dmy'b  luurd  and  fast  in  some  gully,  or 
safe  on  one  wheel  by  the  Sugai*-loat*  Bliuige, 
and  R-Ud-faced  Diek  and  his  mate,  if  they  are 
the  sensible  fellows  I  take  thorn  to  be,  ai'e 
now  picking  the  plums  and  weighing  out  the 
flour  for  their  Christmas  pudding." 

*'0r,p«rhap9,"  put  in  Jack,  ^amiably  dividing 
your  stores  witli  a  jmrty  of  Bushrangers.  A 
plea&ont  pitwpeci,  truly,  for  a  man  who  has 
ridden  fuiir  hundred  miles  to  spend  his  Christ- 
mas Day  with  an  old  chum — ^uo  dinner,  no 
books,  no  tobacca.  It  almost  makes  one  wi^  to 
be  sitting  wigged,  gowned,  and  briefless,  in  the 
back  benches  of  the  Queen's  Bencli,  rh^awing 
earicatares ;  ur  reading  three  services  a-day 
to  a  Low  Church  congregation,  upon  fifty- 
pounds  a~year.'" 

**A  bright  thought  strikes  me,"  faid  the 
host,  Martyn  by  natnc,  commonly  called 
Bet^  MartjTi,  because  he  commenced  his 
career  in  the  Bush  by  wearing  gloves  and 
blacking  hia  boots.  **Let  us  ride  over  to 
that  Devonshire  man's  statiou,^ — ^I  mean  the 
man  with  the  pretty  daughters.  There's  a 
short  cut  across  the  range  Bald-faced  Dick 
made  out  the  other  day,  that  won't  make  it 
above  thirty-five  miles,  instead  of  a  hundred 
and  twenty,  by  swimming  one  creek  and 
dimbiug  over  one  awkward  bit  of  hill  work. 
We*ll  start  at  sunrise,  and  do  it  comfortably 
lay  ten  o'clock,  if  we  crm  only  make  out  the 
bSaring  right.  Our  but  too  true  excuse — 
the  missing  dray^ — is  a  safe  card  for  a  dinner, 
if  not  a  dance  and  a  pleasant  day  or  two," 

**  Agreed,"  said  jolly  Jack  BuJIar. 

Hij  day-brefdc  they  were  off,  combed  and 
Irinuued,  in  the  blue  and  red  Jersevs,  belt3, 
trowsers,  and  broad-hrimmed  hats,  that  form 
the  piotureaque  costume  of  the  Bush :  Bullar 
on  a  big-boned  thorough-bred  :  MartATi  on  his 
half-bred  |»rancing  Arab,  over  hill  and  dale  and 


plain, through  a  broad  creek,  with  a  qti;irtcr  of  a 
mile's  swimming,  guided  by  Bushiiiun's  signs 
and  instincts.  About  ten  o'clock  they  had 
sti'uck  tlic  river,  and  running  it  down  soon 
came  where  it  swelled  to  a  broad  lake  or 
water  hole  before  the  Devonshire  auui*:i 
station. 

They  did  not  know  his  name,  but  rode  up 
confidently,  according  to  the  custom  of  tho 
country. 

"  Huii*ah,"  cried  Jack,  "  no  stai'vatlon 
here  r  there 's  a  sis.  pair  oxeu  dray  uu~ 
loading,  by  a  whole  generation  of  yoiuikers  ; 
sugar-plums  in  plenty  ;  and  look  at  the  black 
fellow  grinding  away  at  the  hand-imll^ — how 
fat  the  rascal  looks.  Well,  we  Ve  reached  the 
land  of  plenty  this  time." 

'*  Why  you  see,  Bullar,"  said  Martyn,  "  in 
this  country  all  the  rules  go  by  contraries.  It 
i*  Christmaa  Day,  and,  instead  of  frost  and 
snow,  it  is  a  burning  sim  and  green  leaves 
we  are  perspiring  under.  Instead  of  a  skate, 
I  am  thiukmg  uf  a  swim ;  and,  in  the  same 
w.iy,  while  in  old  England,  very  often  it  *8  the 
more  mouth,  the  le^s  to  cat ;  here,  as  every 
nioutli  has  a  pair  of  hands  under  it,  the  more 
mouths*  the  more  food.  So  you  see,  JtM;k» 
while  you  and  1,  with  a  balance  at  the  bank 
to  stall  with,  often  have  to  put  up  with 
Lenten  fare,  this  hard  worker  mvs  contiived 
to  make  comforts  we  can't  buy." 

"  How  be'ee,  gentlemen,"  said  a  voice  in  a 
strong  Devonshire  accent,  as  the  owner  caroe 
up  alongside  them,  mounted  on  an  ugly  piebald 
stock-horse,  which  had  stolen  over  the  mft, 
ground  unheard  duruig  their  conversation 
He  was  a  little  alim  man,  with  thin  grey 
hair  hanging  long  under  his  broad-l»r*mimea 
hat,  round  an  iuteUigent  face,  btirne<l  a  deep 
brown ;  he  sat  his  horse  awkwardly,  with  lorjg 
stinoips,  his  toes  pointing  down  ana  his  biitile- 
hand  poked  out,  tike  most  men  who  have  only 
taken  to  horsemanship  late  in  life.  But  he 
wore  an  air  of  content,  self-satisfaction,  and 
well' to-do-ism,  that  besnoke,  at  a  ghuicc,  a 
man  with  whom  the  world  went  well. 

"  Have  *ee  come  vai*  ? "  a^ed  the  host. 

"  From  the  next  station,"  said  Bulhir. 

^*  Zo,  we  Ije  ueabours,  be  us  ! "  he  conti«u*id. 
"  Well,  I  'm  cruel  glad  to  zee  'ce.  Here,  Bit, 
take  tiie  genilemen^a  homes  and  put  'em  iu 
thepaddo3c!" 

l^rtholomew,  a  wild  Indian-looking  urchin, 
about  two  feet  high,  in  a  kilt  comiKD^ed  of  a 
Jersey  strapped  roiuid  hi.s  middle,  forthwith 
clambered  upun  the  thorough-bred:  how,  it 
is  impossible  to  say,  but  something  lifter  the 
manner  of  a  monkey  ascending  a  camel ;  and 
not  a  little  to  the  astonishment  of  the  young 
travellers,  for  children  were  not  the  kind  of 
young  stock  they  had  been  accustomed  to. 
With  a  cluck,  and  a  crack  of  his  miniature 
stockwhip,  the  boy  sent  the  big  horse  off  at  a 
awing  gallop,  and  slap  over  the  fence  of  the 
paddocL  Eeturniug  as  calmly  as  if  he  had  been 
doing  the  most  proper  and  natural  thing  in 
the  world,   young   FUbbertvgLbl^t  <A>«fcxs^^ 


i 


SIC 


HOtTSSHOLD  WOBSBl 


«Yowr   ho. 
though  I   ' 

•^^  Uet  n-WHV 
cried 'i"-  •'■'-^•' 
intJ  t 


much  of  the  Idig  ^nns  in 


with  Ve,  you   yotiDj:  scamp/' 
tather  ;  luidtheu  they  all  iveiit 


i  I  ♦' ppoparAtioTifl,  Green  baugfhH 

a«il  riuwcrs   iwlonietl  the  walls  anii  root*  in 

brilHttut  yet    impurrecl    iiuiUatiou   of  bolly- 

boiijL'hs  m\i\  miacltoo, 

I'ne     hostfws,    n     ImridaoiMe,    uaiddliwit'ecl 

crowd  of  ' 


;  it  havii- 


'*  VVlio    coiiM     iiave    thought, 
MiU'tr\  li.  **  thiit  it  woiiid  hnvti  U^on  posfiible  to 
be  Hv  !e  in  the  Bush  !  " 

A  i  uf "  Here  comes  Aunt  Mnry !" 

bmugUl  tvtiiy  one  out  into  the  vei*Mt<lHh,  and 
ilrtwiy  trollms  u]i  t^  the  door  wvni©  a  hit^n- 
V  ■  '    ■  '       '        in  ^vhich  eat,  beside 

I  ituiiy;  Aiistndian,  of 

A  lint   Mary  was   a 
i    !  J      mourning 

i;.lKlM.l     Ju.rhu'd     HOt    a 

I  droll  {»iiiid  eucli  wild 
iiit   little   hoys,   in  sky- 


dim 

some    iji. 

onler  to  ■ 

a  JO 

besii' 
the  v>.  [K\- 
wore  ■.\-.v 
weiv  1'   - 
by  WvW.i 

Wtitu   I  ho    ! 
ivrch  rose  to  m 
'--iH'j      "And  now,  my  «.  ..imu>ii 
I  she   aaidj  "  let  iifl  driidt  a  Mcrr>' 


in^'.     All  the  ii.  ,    i :  ■ 

I  of,  had  to  be  rcUil^iii  ciiiiiely 

!     ■'  "    ■  '       "  ■   fiatri* 


ud  ft 


pretty  won 
DonncL  J 
little  incc'i 

Hoo  v'l:!' li- 
the dr.iv. 
huRhand  ; 


ago  J    little   thought — not  i — ^o  > 

hEve  such  a  paily  roond  m©  a'  ^^ 

Day,  Eight  year  ago  I  left  Devon  a  h^gar 
and  an  outcast.  But  now,  thanks  bu  to  the 
Lord,  I  know  all  was  for  the  best.** 


Three  days  afierwarda,  as  Bullar  aad  Mmtj 
rode    back    together,  the  former  cxcl 
**  Strange  country  thia,  where  bcrrgan»  get 
horseback  and  don't  ride  to  the  t&vtl." 

"  Of  course  not,"  cried  Martyi^,  '*  don't  vov 
.    a  kilte,  were  Tx^rclied  behind  ja^^  why  it  is  ?     A  man  can^t  t^ik.' 
J  i  r re  wc  io^e,"  cried  Aunt  Mary's ,  journey  double,  and  a  wife  ia  hia  ^ 
did  the   hm  hundred   niiles  iu   this  countiy," 


two  days — not  bail  work  far  Bush  roads. 
Now,  young  ones,  who  *11  ht?lp  to  we  what 
we  'vfc  brought  from  town  1 "  Tlicre  was  a  tix^- 
3ii«udou><L  rush  at  the  boot  of  tlie  dog-ciu't.  A 
CO'  of  "  Unclf  Dick  and  Aunt  8idly  '*  uiadc*  a 
alight  div<'r  '  "  :  ►  ''^  -  fiw...  r.  IT-  .  ■nici'S 
came  on  h<  but 

ai\'W   lirml  ___:_,  '_.__      .!^  ^_,   L__    ^'.^.^itUe 

1  By  thifi  time  gnems  deopped 

n  rofold. 

U  ii)  u  railici  confession  for  poor 

huuuvn  naturcv  1  mas  Day,  anywhere, 

would  be  very  blank  without  the  eating  and 
di'inking.  Tlds  is  especially  so  in  the  Bash, 
where  ther  '  U'ii3Hcrt.'iat ions  to  fall  buck 

u]K>iii.    So  .  leaving  the  rcUitiouB  to 

e>;''"  '  •  ■■  >..ilk«.'d    jibout    fmifliiig   tlic 

a:  il  odom-^i  that  tu'o^e  from  th+^ 

Ul  11  ;  whert?  rin  old  woman  ;ui<l 

A  siiiior  cook  quarrelled  and  worked  away 
with  extraordinar}'  uimniniity. 

Inut^ad  of  rfjuKjntic,  Bentimental  con- 
BdcQocs,  the  coiivei-A'ition  of  our  two  young 
e<piHtVi*s  ran  on  tnore  subatantial  topics : — 
**By  Jove,  BuUar,  did  you  see  the  sucking 

*'  Ko,  hot  I  spied  the  pudding  !  It  fills  the 
largest  copper.  Did  you  hear  the  hutkeeper 
askuig  for  a  shu't-sleeve  to  boil  the  men's 
doniplingB  in  ? " 

'*  Xo  ;  but  I  saw  lum  walking  down  to  the 
fiorvanla'  huts  xvith  a  great  side  of  beef." 

"  Well,  we  have  dropji^d  iuto  clovtrr;  but 
what  a  pretty  gii*l  I  U  she  one  of  the 
dftughtci-a?" 


.t^t  J. 


*'  When  do  you  mean  to  be  aived|  thta  f  ** 

Mutyn  blushed.    Tlicro  was  an  nwkwKni 
pause.      BuUar    muttered    somethokg   abtFut 
love   at   tii-st    sight,   rapid    «- 
when  Mart^-n  brtjke  out  witli 
if,  when  you  i-eturn  liomo  to  i 
promimj  not  to  bitiak  it  too  yi 

auiit,   Lady  Pimmuiey   I  *U    >  m 

that '* 

"  What  ?"m»6dBulkr,  with  4ffoci(«d  siu^ 
]>riBe  at  what  be  knew  he  was  gcmg  to  hottt, 

"  I  mc/iii  to  nutfTT  Jane  Faige  !  "^ 

'.  Ajid  she " 

'*  Intends — ^if  eyes  do  not  flash  fakchoodi, 
and  blushes  are  not  peijuriai  dyad  crimsoai — 
to  marry  mo." 

I      Surts  enough  when  Bulhir  renamed  to  this 

[  I'oimtiT,  he  had   to  rc^poil  that  Mim  Jmw 

l^aige  /lad  become  Mrs,  Martyii.  She  said  her 

spouse  spent  every  ^ucceeding^  Christntas  Day 

under  his  own  roof  in  the  Bnsh. 

HOUSEHOLD  OHUISTMAS  CABOL8. 

**  C<Rne  unto  mo  bU  ye  ttiitt  Isbtmrsnil  im  bBSf7>tMt«n, 
and  I  will  give  joa  mitu" 

Ohonu. 
Bbigbt  thoBghts  and  hopos  itft  aMw  smke, 

Aa  constant  os  ths  oirGling  vsir*; 
They  penetrate  each  gricsf.  and  mskq 

A  golden  radiance  of  our  tf^n. 
In  that  confused,  yot  licii^ 
The  soul  ujjefirtldy  iin 
The  Eastern  Star  sheds  i ,*>  ^^  ,u  •>  u.v 
On  our  (illIiction.Ti  and  our  fears ; 
And  now  amitiet  a  gleaming  hulo  standi 
The  Infsat  Christ— a&d  stretchM  forth  his  handg  t 


THE  LAME  rrTfTlvfl  CAROL. 
To  the  dionls  > 

And  the  -mul  llut6» 

The  mony  tftnilL-ni.m, 

And  tho  boAt  of  eboc  and  boot — 
In  tlie  drawing-rooLii,  the  pririoiir, 

Tbo  alms-bmutG,  or  tho  r>trect» 
Oh»  what  joy  it  ahvji^^  ia  to  iii« 

To  &C0  those  danciitg  Ibct  ! 

The  batl-room  is  all  brightiiMa  I 

I  sit  and  ifaich  the  throng ; 
Mj  Bpiritf  with  thoir  lightnoa^ 

Bounds  happily  aIon|p : 
The  Tillago  school-room  strivoB  to  shino 

With  candka  piiia  oaod  aoaU  J 
But  oh,  what  hiaming  Uem 

UgLt  up  tiw  wbitoWBiliad  woU  ! 

Then  danc«.  my  lormg  ph^mateo^ 

Like  birdJs  upoD  the  ^vnng; 
Flit  by  me — whirl  nronnd  w»^- 

Whtla  I  at  hero,  and  siq^, 

Chcnu, 
Bright  nnmy  hopes  nro  nov  annrake, 

An  cfTtatant  q5  the  cirding  Tcara ; 
They  pctictmtc  each  grief,  and  make 

A  golden  rodiaiico  of  our  (eon^ 


h 


THB  DEAF  CHILD'S  CAROL, 
Sdo,  happy  childitm^  stoniling  in  n  row, 

With  suuling  rosy  cheoka,  nud  hand  in  hnnd ; 
Wh<;n  the  Toaoe  aoBwcrs  to  tho  fall  hc4irt'3  flow, 

Mine  singa  within— and  I  oaa  ojidanlaud. 

*Tifl  now  three  Christmoa  Eves  nooe  I  hAV«  lost 
All  sense  of  aoond— in  coiifitaiit  silence  dwelling; 

But  in  my  bouI  1  hear,  in  tones  augiiet, 
The  wonde»  that  tho  earth  and  heavena  ai« 

telling, 

Sana,  stor^  and  moona,  and  ooeaiia  flrifchomleaB ; 

Man's  geneiatioiiB    aaod,  and  gnm,  and  com; 
All  tbeao  are  hymned  ',  but  in  i^  h^ineca, 

Tho  heart  hcaia  aiuiila  aing;  that  "  Christ  was 
born!- 

80,  wiU  I  gazie  upon  each  emblem  holy, 
Aad  at  Hia  feativa  board,  or  meiTy  game, 

Ib  aymTMOiliy  absorb  all  melancholy. 
And  urring  thonghtB  to  joyful  miona  frame. 

Bright  sunny  hopes  are  now  awake» 
As  constant  sa  the  circling  years ; 

They  penetrate  each  giief,  and  mako 
A  golden  radiance  of  our  tear^ 


Tha  alable-door  was  open  wide, — 

Within  'twna  duaky  dim« 
Save  that  a  circle  of  soft  tm 

Glowed  to  a  low-broathea  hymn. 

It  &hont5  around  9M  Infiint\e  bond ; 

And  to  its  >'"ti'^'»-  -^  ^oico 
The  glory  act  1  itftle, 

Anid  toil  m* 

I  tnrti^  onto  th^Mw  shepherd  men^ 
Of  matchleas  thews  and  boDCi^ 

So  lord^  in  their  gxsoe  and  straogtll-^ 
And  they  were  knaelii^  dewoT 

I  tamed  to  tee  those  old,  wise  men, 

Tho  wisest  of  the  land; 
And  all  of  them  were  kneiliQ^  too — 

Bowed  head — and  uptaisid  band  t 

Another,  and  a  greater  irtrenprth 
To  eope  with  oarth'a  snd  etorma^ 

Another,  and  a  wiser  lore. 
Smiled  in  that  Mcther^a  arms. 

And  shall  not  I,  with  theee  frail  limbt. 

This  ftamework  of  poor  earth, 
Bfyoice  with  inwsid  gmce  and  atrength 

At  my  grvat  Teaobei^a  birth ! 


Ch&ruM. 
Bright  sunny  hopes  are  now  awake^ 

As  COQltant  SS  th<*  rfimlino'   vnf^ff  J 

They  penetrate  eaci 
A  golden  mdisncc 


uake 


THE  DFJ'ORMED  CHILD'S  CAHOL 

Thebb  was  a  gentle  *t^f^J^ut  gleam 

Upon  tho  mornlDg  «ky. 
Which  shono  across  a  frtul>le  door. 

With  aliophcrdfi  stondiug  by. 

And  wise  old  men  were  sIfo  there, 
With  beards  tluit  do^vnwnnl  flowed, 

And  folded  turbans  on  thcdr  hcadA, 
And  Btaves,  o'er  wblch  they  bowed 

The  shepborda  were  of  manly  grtfie. 
Their  litabs  of  Hn.>-t  t,,,>,,trj, 

And  noble  wen:'  ^>om  firostB, 

Sun-bremtto  sv   :  1, 


THE  DEAF  AND  DUMB  CHILD'S  CAROL. 

I  OAKKOT  speak,  1  cannot  h»r, 

But  I  can  feel  and  think. 
And  mine  eyes  ore  filled  with  the  joyiolneoi 
That  hmd  to  hand  doth  link.— 

While  round  and  round 

The  doncera  bound. 
And  laugh  and  skcmt — and  I  ise  the  aom^ 

Though  ailent  to  me 

All  the  noise  and  the  gleo 
Of  the  dance,  the  rotmd-gBne^  aad  revehy. 

Something  within  me  stmgglee  oft 
My  happiness  to  tell  in  soimdai 
Woids — words — ^I  gtrivo  to  shout,  or  waft, 
Aloug  tho  room— across  the  grounda-— 

And  o'er  the  snow 

As  my  playmates  go ; 
But  thoogh  *ti8  in  vtdn  smoo  tho  day  of  my  birth. 

The  voice  of  my  mind 

Is  ne'er  left  behind, 
And  erics  wcloomeChristaiasandallitsgOodmirth? 

The  faces  laugh  in  tlie  red  &re  light! 

Fingers,  looks»  actiona,  all  wptmk  to  me ; 
Antics  and  fun  make  n  merry  night, 
Tin  I  fancy  I  hear  the  low  himi  of  a  soo,^— 
A  murmur  and  roah — 
Tho^trh  it  ends  ia  a  htish, 
AUtellmi  :^^de  of  my  eara; 

KJu.  Liuiim  Vnju  iiji    nil*  pHzO  I 

Which  I  (SkTol  at  Christmas  as  year  rulla  on  yean  I 

Bright  snnny  hopes  are  now  awnke. 
As  contftont  as  the  circling  rears ; 

They  penetrate  each  grief,  and  make 
A  gylden  rodiancQ  oC  <3mi  Vomm- 


31fi 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


TUE  BUKD  CHILD'S  CAfiOL. 

If  r  life  » ia  the  nights— 

The  Dertrcnduig  Dight— 

But  my  soul  is  not  in  darknei^ 
And  bmth  ft  stany  fligbL 

My  nightB  an  Ilka  my  days — 
All  iieT«r  endrng  days — 

And  to  mo  a  constaQt  morning 
Of  heaTen'«nfoldtng  rs^ 

To  mo  tibe  mm  and  shade 

Aro  of  one  Kibstanoo  made» 

And  one  eternal  glory, 
Which  ne'er  can  tmX  or  S^de, 

For  on  my  cloee^eal'd  eye« 

Hath  Christy  in  all  thinge  wiMy 

Reveraed  the  oonunon  minole^ 
And  given  me  inwaid  eUes. 

TUereui  His  form  I  treoo. 
In  all  itH  Infmt  griee  !— 

And  pictures  of  Hie  euflianqgi 
For  all  the  human  race  t 

TliCrein,  I  recognise 

Earth  H  littJcneaa  of  isiae, — 

AdcI  ail  the  plaiiet-natioos 
Whom  Lovo  wiJl  ChriBlianioe* 

Chonu. 
Brig;ht  though ts  mid  hopes  are  now  awake, 

Am  oenatant  as  tho  circling  yean ; 
They  penetrate  each  griof,  and 

A  golden  radiance  of  our  teon. 


THE  9I0K  ClilLUB  CASOL. 

You  Btty  I  do  not  look  eo  pate  to-day. 

But  in  my  cheek 
A  roee^loaf  tint  begins  to  bloom  and  play, 

And  I  am  not  BO  weak. 
It  is  becanse  I  see  you  all 
So  happy  at  the  feast — the  ball — 
The  merry-making  in  the  hall. 

And  Christmas  Eve,  and  Chri«tmaa  Day,  to  me 

Aro  very  dear  ; 
They  bring  a  bright  and  woudoring  memory 

Of  one  delightful  year. 
I  look  bock  through  my  littlo  span, 
And  thinking  bow  its  joys  began 
Forget  how  thin  and  changed  I  am. 

They  led  mo— I  wqa  then  a  little  child-^ 

Through  a  dark  door, 
Into  a  room  all  hung  with  bnuichca  wHd, 

With  light*  upon  the  floor  ; 
And  lights  above— ill  front— behind— 
So  blight  they  almost  luo^lo  me  bliad^ 
While  other  eights  coufuBod  my  mind. 

It  was  the  splendour  of  a  Cbristmaa  Tree  1 

With  fruits  thick  hung, 
And  glittering  pictures,  lights,  and  spongkry, 

Tho  dark,  fir  boughs  mnong. 
MlTiilo  Bofl  toned  muEic  came-^and  went — 
I  criwl  in  joy'fl  bewildoraiont, 
*•  Tliis  Tree  1  'm  iiuro  from  heaven  was  sent !  *' 
Chonu, 
Bright  sunny  hopes  are  now  awake, 
As  constant  as  the  circling  y^ra  ; 
Tlicy  penetrate  each  griof,  and  make 
A  golden  radifmco  of  our  team 


THE  URALTHT  CHILD'S  CAttOL. 
CoMx  hlihfiT,  dear  plarmateei, 

Let  s  rove  liAnd  in  hand. 
And  some  xhaU  ti«  carriod. 

And  otbere  be  led. 
You  can  speak  with  eyes— fingen — 

We  id]  unrUrqtJinil 
And  away  \^ 

To  tho  It 
Where  the  buii  iLiuc^  Uko  gold 

On  the  roof  of  tho  lOiod. 

There,  the  long  row  of  dideri 

Go  down  the  keen  alide ! 
There,  others  are  buildfaig 

A  huge  man  of  snow ! 
WbUe  yonder  a  crowds 

Half-way  down  the  hill  aida, 
A  Kreat  snowball  battle 

Arc  now  to  decide, 
And  all  the  frenh  &c«8 

Are  aharp  uind  Orglow. 

Now  como  home — diaw  the  C!urtaia% 

More  coals,  and  a  tog  1 — 
dear  the  room  for  ih«  lbdbitii» 

Tho  dance,  and  tlie  game ; 
HoFoce  promised  to  gulop 

Thrice  round  like  a  dog. 
And  Virgil  will  show 

His  proud  feat  of  "tho  frog," 
While  wc  all  look  like  ghoefas 

In  the  snap-dragon'a  (Ume. 

Tlie  green  holly-boughs^ 

With  their  berriea  ao  red» 
Admn  tho  bright  room 

Where  the  feast  is  set  out ; 
Aht  this  is  a  night 

When  we  aax't  go  to  bed, 
For  no  one  could  aloen 

While  snob  mirth  filli  his  hitd, 
With  troops  of  gay  £uiciee 

All  dancing  sbouL 

Now  all  clasp  your  hmnda 
At  the  treasure  idl  find, 
That  He  whose  Nativity 

Angela  now  quire, 
Oave  help  to  the  weak, 

In  the  strength  of  tho  mind. 
Bidding  those  who  are  strong 

To  be  loving  and  kind. 
When  tho  holly-boughs  sparkle 
Aud  blaze  in  the  nre  I 
Chorui. 
Bright  thought«  and  hopes  are  now  awake* 

As  constant  a&  the  i-iivling  yeara  ; 
They  pcnctmto  each  grief,  and  make 

A  golden  i^diiince  of  our  tear&. 
In  that  confused,  yet  heavenly  shrine, 

Tho  soul  unearthly  music  heart; 

The  Eastern  Star  sheds  rays  ^vine 

On  our  afilicttcimi  and  our  fein  t 

And  now  auiidt^t  a  gleaming  hi^o  stands 

The  Infant  Chhiitr-and  stretches  forth  his  hands  t 

Sarin  **  /'(Miwiri^  »iU  b4  fmUuhrd,  i^^itk  a  aapiou$  /udes,) 

Priet  Tknt  ShiiUHi*, 

TnK  FIEST  VOLUME  ar  Tsa 

HOUSEHOLD      KAEBATIV£ 

OUEEENT     EVENTS. 

iking  a  cumpU>la  Axwual  itci^isTKu  for  the  jeax 
EIGHTEEN  HUNDRED  AM)  FIFTY. 


faiiftk^ai  ite  i>S(ut,  Aa^  |^  n^mrngtm  t«iMi  |lank,ltiu4.  Vrtatwl  V* 


«*»♦,* 


I 


•'Familiar  in  their  Mouths  as  HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. *'^&^uMxvwAMm, 


HOUSEHOLD   WORDS. 

A    WEEKLY    JOUENAL 
CONDUCTED     BY    CHARLES     DICKENS. 


N*»-  40.] 


SATURDAY,  DECE\niER  28,  1850. 


[Piu«  2oL 


IdH.  BENDIGO  BUSTER  ON  OUR 
NATIONAL  DEFENCES  AGAINST 
EDUCATION. 

Writers  on  hirda  tell  ua,  that  feather  iimkes 
a  bird  much  hungrier  than  fleah.  The  G«r- 
Hums  are  all  feather.  That  *s  why  the  Ger- 
maoB  are  always  hmigeriiic:  after  tjomething 
new,  and  why  they  can't  be  aatlslied  with 
ancient  institutions.  I  *m  not  partial  t<) 
feathers;  I'm  for  flesli — fletih  is  the  article 
for  me  !  I  have  bought  M.  Itomien'a  book 
upon  the  Ei-a  of  the  (Jceaars^  and  I  like  it. 
Liberty,  and  progreflB^  and  education,  are,  iis 
he  says,  *  mere  cuckoo  cries.*  Force  is  the 
thine ;  the  only  hero  is  king  Fist.  /  should 
think  BO  1  I  take  in  *  Housetiold  Words' — on 
purpose  to  dilTer  from  it.  I  meet  with  a  good 
deal  of  puling  in  that  jouruaL  It  annoys  me. 
I  couBiaer  Izzy  Solomon  the  strongest  msm 
and  the  prettiest  span-er  in  England.  I 
have  in  vain  looked  for  an  article  on  Izzy 
Solomon. 

"NVhat  I  say  is,  the  Germana  are  a  specu' 
lative  people^  ^^^d  there  *s  a  deal  too  much  in 
thia  country  ol  the  German  schooL  There 's 
a  spirit  of  poriufi:  and  pondering;  whereas 
the  man  ought  to  he  knocked  down  who  rumi- 
nat-ea.  If  *  Household  Words '  is  Imr  enough 
to  let  a  man  aland  up  against  a  mau^  and  see 
a  man  (airly  backad,  what  I  say  is,  I  '11  put  mv 
fist  into  print  and  do  a  little  execution.  It  wilj 
put  some  \igour  into  tliat  journal  to  admit  a 
Kastum,  Rustuin,  being  only  a  strong  man,  I 
suppose  you  don't  remember  all  his  deeds  ?  I 
do,  I  've  read,  that  when  he  fought  one  day 
with  his  brother  Persians  against  the  army 
of  AfraBiab,  he  kille<J,  with  his  own  sword, 
one  thousand  one  hundred  and  sixty  enemies. 
What  do  you  think  of  that  1  Two  men  a 
minute,  hi  a  battle  of  nine  hours  I  l*he  sword 
of  Huatum  hm  been  made  into  steel  pens,  and 
I  Ve  got  one  of  'em.    Look  out ! 

I  strike  immediately  at  a  vital  part^ — ^I 
go  in  at  the  School.  Schools  are  intolerable 
follies ;  and  of  all  schools  the  most  foolish 
is  the  German  School.  England  is  acting, 
in  regutl  to  scliools,  as  becomes  her  prac- 
tics^   good    seiise.       Her    boy8    are   in  the 

Sttttera,    growing    up     tc:»    manly    indepen- 
eoce;  they  swear  well,  tight  like  bricks,  and 
have  game  in  'em.     By  her  boys,  I  mean  the  j 
niultitud«,  the  childreu  of   the   people.     I 


know  that  in  the  upper  claaMS  there  are  chil- 
diTu  more  or  less  demor.*di£ed  by  education, 
and  that  the  same  evil  influence  is  sometimes 
brought  to  bear  upon  the  poor.  But,  Eng- 
land) as  a  nation,  don't  trouble  herself  much 
aljout  the  education  of  the  massif ;  some- 
thing like  forty 'live  out  of  a  hundred  of  'em 
can't  rciul  and  write.  That  'a  what  I  call 
tjeiug  practical.  That 's  why  I  'm  partial  to 
my  countiy,  and  shout  "  Rule  Bi'itannla,^* 
with  a  will. 

If  any  man  ever  immortalised  himself  it 
waa  Toomer.  Who  was  he  I  says  you.  He 
was  a  gamekeeper  to  Sir  Henry  Mildmay,, 
and  ho  trained  the  black  sow,  Flat»  into  a 
sporting  pig.  She  used  to  ^wint  game  as 
surely  as  the  best  of  dogs^  and  entered  in 
a  spu'itual  manner  into  that  kind  of  work, 
^took  to  it  hearty.  If  I  had  the  arrange- 
ment of  a  Walbuhb  of  all  nations,  there 
should  be  a  colossal  Toomer  in  the  front  of 
it,  big  enough  to  extinguish  Schwanthaler^s 
affidr ;  Flat  sliould  reEH>se  at  Toomer's  feet ; 
and,  round  his  pedestal,  we  'd  group  in  miniar 
ture  your  humdi'um  baby-tramers,  Pestalozzt, 
Lancaster,  Vehroh,  and  such  fellows.  What 
I  say  m,  reading  and  writmg  don't  make 
shoes,  and  you  can't  work  up  A,  B,  C  into 
chairs  and  tables.  Arithmetic  won't  make 
beds.  When  people  are  born  to  be  cob- 
blera,  carpenters,  ur  bousemAids,  they  ought 
not  to  ha^'^e  their  minds  distracted,  and  be 
Ufled  up  out  of  their  calling.  Ignorance  i» 
nature  ;  we  are  born  ignorant,  and  we  ought 
to  be  kept  so. 

The  Germans  are  nice  men !  Nice  mi- 
Engliah  men  !  Why,  it  *s  painful — ^as  my  prise- 
Ughting  Mend  the  Chicken  says,  it 's  mean — 
to  seeTiow  they  sophisticate  their  diildren, 
willy-uilly.  They  have  got  a  word  like 
a  Brazil  nut,  Schulpflichtigkeit,  which  means 
the  fluty  of  instructing  childreu  as  a  sort 
of  moral  law  over  a  state  and  all  its  subjects. 
Swisfl,  Swedes,  Dutch,  and  French,  follow 
the  German  crotchet  There  is  not  a  young 
Dutchman,  sound  in  mind  and  limb,  who  can't 
read,  write,  and  cipher" ;  nor  a  youiig  healthy 
German  from  fourteen  to  twenty,  who  oumot 
do  as  much  and  something  moi'e.  Your  true 
ignorant  children  are  to  be  found — out  of  Eng- 
land—onlyin  Spain^Portugal,  and  South  Italy, 
or  amon^  Turks  and  BuBsiazis. 

The  diabolical  deliberation  with  which  theae 


rat,  a. 


» 


^ 


foreign eir  T  hnve  alluded  to,  set  nboat 
corrupting  miK.ceuce  by  tmining  it  Into 
the  ways  of  iiic»»  freeti-a  vhv*  bi*K>d.  Tiu 
Cbiuese  UAl  of  oue  of  their  «M  Kijmeror- 
Ch^QU-siu,  tliAt,  seeing  a  aiAii  vnule  thraugii 
a  cold  stream,  one  frosty  momiug,  ne 
bnde  him  remiiiu  for  Home  time  ui  the 
water,  aud  then  hihd  liin  legs  cut  off  to  see 
whether  the  ni&rrow  in  hia  bonea  was  reiUlj 
frozen.  Tbero  wen*  no  PniBaian  »chaola  no 
many  centm^iud  Ago,  unluckily  for  Ch6oa-Bin. 
They  are  the  pluces  to  freeze  your  niiurow,  if 
yon  *re  a  rtwil,  natural-l»oni,  good  old  Engliah- 
miiti.  Go  into  any  Prussian  town,  or  village,  a 
little  before  eh*lil  o'clock,  aome  Deceiuber 
morning.  The  iron  grnap  of  an  imnginan,' 
duty  hiia  di  iu^gt?*!  all  the  children  out  of  lied, 
wjwhtil  tlu'iu,  ami  given  tlieni  their  breakfasts ; 
Mid  h»^ie  they  all  ai^e,  tume«l  out  into  the  raw 
friwt,  all  miiuing  to  oue  point — the  school !  I 
Nine  o*clouk,  ten  o'clock,  eleveu — momine, 
aftejiioon — aeiQch  all  the  gutters,  and  there  a 
Dot  an  Liiuofeut  disporting  himself — there  's 
Dot  H  mud-pie  made  in  tlie  whole  district— 
the  chddieji  aie  all  emptied  out  of  streets, 
and  huUiMsi^  aud  poui-ed  away  into  that  great 
building  yonder,  thiit  abominable  school !  I 

Wh«a«su^  go  into  any  great  EnglLsh  town, 
go  into  L<^dou  as  the  greatest  of  'em  ail. 
v^liat  do  you  liud  there  T  Freetlom  !  Qo 
down  iiil*»  "W  eutminster,  or  up  into  White- 
ehapel.  There  you  '11  find  the  voimg  Bricks, 
by  tliuui»ands)  ui>on  thoasands^  left  to  them- 
•wve*  fi'oni  the  momeot  when  they  are  first 
able  to  crikwl,  and  herding  and  growing  to- 
gether, in  the  gamest  manner,  like  so  many 
wolves.  And  you  ^re  not  deteiTed  by  tkis  Oer- 
niMi  biwincsu,  but  you  want  to  alter  that  state 
ofUtiilgH}  lH>u*tdenyiL  You  do.  Some  of 
Tou  do.  I  have  heard  of  the  conductor  of  the 
Wy  Juumal  that  I  write  this  iTiiioustrance 
to.  giving  ejLpi-etiaion  to  seutiiuentjii  like  the 
following-  *'  London  in  this  n«{>i«ct  la  so  hor* 
rible  to  me,  that  when  I  go  into  such  quarters 
of  the  town,  Qi»ing  my  eyes,  I  lose  l^jlief  in 
the  postiibiUty  of  the  progiese,  or  even  of  the 
lon^  existence,  of  an  Empire,  with  such  a 
migutv  crime  and  danger  at  its  heart.  I  do 
nut  l>elieve  that  au}  one  can  be  well  uciiuaiiited 
with  the  si^hlM  of  igiif>niut  atid  neglected 
childhood,  which  are  hidden  in  the  Metropolis 
ittoue,  aud  entertain  within  himself  the  poasi- 
bility  of  any  wealthy  or  ajjy  jiower,  or  any 
spirit  in  a  peopl«f  sustaininj^,  for  many  gene- 
rations luf^r,  A  3tat«  on  which  that  wicked 
blight  it  roatiug." 

That  s  cunstttutiosuJ  and  British,  an^t  it  1 
/chU  it  Pi-umiim.  Ask  a  Prussian  and  he*ll 
tell  you,  tlujLl  tu  leave  a  child  untaught,  is  only 
two  or  three  degru«s  ttMafefti'tiil  than  to  murder 
it.  Not  to  fe«4  tbd  iailad|  U  in  his  eyes  a 
temlshrtUe  criitte,  u  in  onr  eyes  it  is  an  iu- 
qjctalile  offu&oe  to  atarve  the  body.  The 
Pfensaiau  slate  does  not  dictate  to  its  subjects 
any  place  of  education,  as  oar  state  does  not 
dictate  arttclus  of  ^ood  ;  but,  edoesAe  y<m  must 
My»  the  Qennan  iMM ;  azul  if  ytm  want  the 


mean  ft,  the  state  makes  a  provision  to  supply 

thiMn  for  ynu  ; — .jniit  sm  we  *av — fond  your- 

1  '   " '  '  >m  uan- 

;  your 

iH^nHiv  ^  .  -t  u.-.  Nr\tji   iiJiiininn  n  yoar. 

The  \\  "3  uf  PrussiiL,  iis  n.  state,  is 

somewhvi^  ., -  ten  milUoius,  and  it«  popu- 
lation is  that  of  Enicliiud  ami  W-des  as  to 
numbeni,  or  not  much  left*.  Yit  Prussia 
bui-dens  iL^lf  with  the  charge  of  education  on 
a  moat  uustiiitbig  scale  ;   whatever  fund   is 

S inched,  the  exchequer  Is  reaftly  to  tiieet  evei^A 
emand,  which  corresponds  to  a  real  want,  in 
tlie  way  of  eduaition.  Not  hnviug  much  to 
pay  for  the  support  of  nnupemm  (one  groat 
result  of  ignoranc«  anu  it«  vices»)t  does  cer- 
tainly ^ive  freedom  to  the  public  purse ;  but 
I  consider  pauperism  a  noble  mif^titution. 
What  'a  to  be  the  privilege  of  wealth,  when  all 
the  world  b  commrtable.  You  have  to  take 
your  hat  off  when  you  accost  the  German 
peasaut  —  *  Hollo,  you  Sir,'  won't  go  down 
with  him — he  stands  upright,  an<l  looks  you  in 
the  face,  and  undertakes  to  answer  you  politely. 
Wliat  I  say,  is,  tliat  Iniinble  people  who  are 
educated,  won't  be  satislied  with  ata.ndiug  stUl ; 
they  11  get  impertinent  ideas  about  the  lights 
of  man,  and  duty,  and  moTii^  on.  You  can  Be» 
in  the  eyes  of  those  Germans,  that  they  are  civil 
because  it 's  their  duty ;  and  that  ther  don't 
rightly  reverence  vou  for  your  money  «  sake. 
Now,  this  is  revolutionarr  j  if  not,  1  should 
like  to  know  what  is.  ^ere  is  no  way  of 
arguing  with  such  men.  For  people  like  mv- 
self,  men  of  Your  true  genuine  dUkxI,  the  only 
course  is,  to  Knock  'em  down. 

Just  step  into  the  interior  of  one  of  these 
same  German  schools,  and  see  what  manner 
of  outlandish  work  is  going  on.  liters  I  Did 
you  ever  see  the  like  of  that  ♦  Call  that  asehool  1 
The  hoys  are  comfortably  seated,  and  the 
master  stands  I 

Mean-spirited  fellow,  there  he  stands,  as 
though  it  were  he  who  ba)  the  hanlest  wurk 
to  do!  llio  room  is  lofty,  ati^.  and  well 
warmed  ;  the  children  sit,  I  do  believe,  in 
absolute  enjoyment  of  the  lesson.  No  other 
Bonnd  interrupts  the  teacher  and  his  class  ; 
the  other  classes  lue  under  the  h.  "  in 

other  rooms.     Ruined  by  luxury,  t  o 

chddren^ — with  a  grown  man,  iuv>,  >im.iL*s 
worse,  a  tr.iineil  and  cduciited  man,  standing 
before  them,  pouring  out  his  energies.  He 
isii^t  hearing  tuem  their  lessons  out  of  Ix^iok  ; 
the  lesson  they  have  learned  out  of  a  book,  he 
is  eiplaiutng  with  all  the  art  of  a  Jesvut, 
enlivening  with  anecdotes,  sprinkling  al^ut 
with  apt  questions.  The  children  are  nil  on 
the  tjHi  tnve^  and  asking  questions  in  their 
turn — why  don't  he  knock  *em  down  for  theiy 
impertinence  ?  See  J  now  he  asks  a  question  ot 
the  class,  up  go  two  dozen  little  hands !  The 
ownei*»  o£  those  hands  believe  thut  they  can 
answer  it.  There  !  he  selects  one  to  answer, 
who  looks  ]>leaaed  at  the  distinction.  When 
the  next  question  oomfis,  he  ^11  tackle  soma 
one  else. 


MP.  BENDTGO  BUSTER  ON  EDFCATION. 


31; 


NoTT,  comew  ;i  Usaoo  in  giJogrnphy.  lie 
tak«ft  a,  |ii^ce  of  cliaik,  and  tiims  to  tJie  black 
bo&rri.  Dvi  . .  ilc't . ,  t.luU  Th«T«  U  a  range  of 
moiintAJi^  Ab  aotm  m  its  shape  in  deJiu<e<i, 
the  ckildrefi  eagt^rL>  about  ont  it«  name.    In 

M II      fne  aeeonda,  ihe  ^>nrw-!  of  &\e  rivera  are 

■■I     inxliofttoiU  And  ti  ^  ^tus  they  are  drawn, 

^H|      by  tbe  young  vn-  \io  watch  the  artist's 

^Hl  lumd.  Down  go  irio  rtvers  to  the  bco,  and — 
^Hl  doi . .  dvt . .  ilot . . — a  doeen  and  a  half  of  towns 
^Hl  Kre  indicated,  ev«ry  dot  named  in  chortis, 
^H  Hum,  come  tlie  ooMi  line,  bonndariea  of 
^Hl  c«  •  1 1  n  t H  t-:^  proviiieea,  and  other  towns.  In  Um 
^^^H  II  M/re  lt«  un  the  1lH>ani,  a  clever ly  im< 

PHH^pi  'P  of  Gerroany,  and  the  children 

f        I       tavi'  '»t  (he  meaning  of  every  dot 

I  and   -.<  .1  waa  nuule.    They  think  it 

better  tun  tluui  piizzlts.     Very  pretty ! 

Nc.w»  thei^  he  i»,  lieginmng  at  the  achool- 
yard,  talking  of  iLs  si^e  ;  then,  advaneing 
to  a  uoiiuti  of  tli^  sti-eet ;  then,  of  tibe 
town ;  tlien,  of  the  province ;  JUid  lead- 
ing his  tHjpila  to  un  idea  of  apace^  and  the 
^^  c^xtent  o[  country  indicated  upon  such  a  map, 
^H  Truly  aboiuLn.%blo  all  this  is  !  ^"hei^  's  the 
^H  diiKupline,  I  should  like  to  know.  If  achool  m 
^H  not  made  the  preliminary  Hall  of  Sorrow, 
m  bow  are  men  to  jcrow  up,  able  to  endure  such 
^\  a  House  of  Trouble  as  this  worid  notorioualy 
is  }  How  can  the  mind  be  streufthmied  tnore 
^ffeeiuilly  than  by  giving  it,  at  m-st,  the  daily 
tnak  to  learn  by  roie^  aa  exerciae  of  aimple 
memory.  The  less  the  ta^  i^  understuod,  the 
mnre  the  memory  U  excrclseil  in  learning  it ; 
lad  IKS  the  better  for  the  cluld«  What  will 
become  of  a  man  whoae  ean,  when  be  waa 

Hyoaag,  were  never  bored — vhoM  hands  were 
never  bruiaed  by  any  rulei^ — who  in  hia  child- 
hood r^itfded  caset  in  no  other  Ught  than  as 
obiects  of  bolazuoal  corioatv  ?  Whiat  I  say  of 
a  boy  isy  that  be  ought  lo  be  thrashed.  My 
iMtioa  of  edneation, — and  I  believe  the  British 
vatiou  will  bear  me  out  in  what  I  say, — my 
ttOtloo  i%  that  we  oagbt  to  have  a  deeuledly 
mKomfortabla  schoof-room  — ^  viary  bst  -»  a 
gftoJit  <iuE>yr  sleepy  place,  with  lots  of  repeti- 
tioDS  of  the  same  thing,  to  ensure  monotony — 
aad  thai  the  children  should  learn  by  heart 
wery  day  a  certain  quantity  of  print  out  of 
SQhool'book&  That  they  thould  show  they 
have  learned  it  by  repeating  it  before 
tkm  teacher,  who  must  sit  down  and 
look  big,  npon  a  stool  or  a  diair,  and  have  a 
ease  or  a  ruler  on  a  desk  before  him.  That 
vliilft  '  aayitie  their  lestona,'  they  fthould  atand 
anDQakfortabry,  and  endure^  Spartan  like,  the 
IfbolosoiBe  diacipljne  of  iatigue,  Uows,  l>odily 
fear,  and  great  meuLal  perplexity.  That  b 
this  way  to  ieam.  It 's  w«Ll  loiown.  Bon^t  we 
«0  remember  what  we  learnt  that  way  I  The 
Uneher  who  has  only  to  hear  whether  certain 
worrls  printed  before  him  are  repeated  acctt- 
imteiv^ — to  detect,  perha]>s,  if  he  don^t  xnind  that 
inmbk^  errora  in  a  sum — to  direct  a  wiiting- 
diMi  the  teacher  who  can  read,  writa  toler- 
ablj)  idd,  tnbtnict,  mnltinjy,  and  divide  with 
moderate  oorrectnesa,  and  who  has  tlie  knack 


of    f^llipputg   upon  the   head,  with  a  stem 
I  rawjiner,  for  the  sake  of  being  whut  is  called 

tt  etrict  disciplinarian, — that\  the  joekey  to 
I  maiisge  children ! 

I  But  those  Germans,  who  write  tKree  bnn- 
I  di^i  volumes  on  the  ecience  of  t«aehin||  for 
I  every  one  we  get  m  England  on  the  subject, 
I  think  quite  otherwise.     In  nil  their  statea  by 

J  Practice,  and  in  some  by  special  hiw,  tite 
[uocking  of  heads,  the  pulling  of  tsars,  sad 
i  all  such  wholeaome  pkasareB,  are  desued  the 
schoolmaster,    iloggit^  is  reaortetl  to^  moit 
I  rarely.    The  following  is  a  sohool  regulatioo 
I  of  the  Govemment  of— Austria.    Auetriay  my 
Endish  friends ! 

*  The  teacher  must  carefully  avoid  hastily 
resorting  to  the  roil ;  be  must  never  box  a 
child's  ears,  or  pull  or  pind)  them  ;  or  pull  its 
hair ;  or  bit  it  on  the  head,  or  any  tender 
part ;  or  use  any  other  instrument  ot  punish- 
ment than  a  rod  or  stick  ;  and  that  only  for 
great  faults.     Even  tben,  this  kind  of  punish- 
I  mc'iit  may  only  be  resorted  to  after  having; 
I  obtmued  the  consent  of  the  Landmth,  and  of 
I  the  jjarenta  of  the  child,  and  in  their  pre- 
sence.' 

T  '11  speak  about  these  German  teachets, 
presently.  The  children  are  required  to  be 
subjected  to  their  influence  &om  the  age  of 
six  until  the  age  of  fourteen  ;  or  to  be 
otherwise  properly  educated  during  that 
period.  The  course  of  instruction  prof« 
not  to  cram  the  mind  with  facts.  Now,  I 
an  Oxford  m«n,  and,  I  see  at  once  that, 
quently,  there  is  no  hope  of  this  plan  of 
education.  It  professes,  as  its  chief  tletiign, 
to  aw^en  thought  among  the  pupils  ;  to 
excite  a  spirit  ot  enquir]^.  It  includes  ex- 
I  planatlons  of  die  most  obvious  appeaianoes  of 
nature — phviical  geogmpliy,  a  little  botany, 
'  and  much  that  csn  be  readily  impajted  by  the 
teacher  out  of  a  fiill  mind.  Nonsense  1  *A 
little  kuowledfe  is  a  dangerous  thing.'  And 
see  the  absurdity  of  teaching  about  trees,  and 
clouds,  and  mountains,  and  earthquakes,  and 
omitting  the  Latin  Grammar!  How  ranch 
more  naeful  an  accompli  tihmeut  is  a  small 
smattering  of  Latin  Grammar,  than  all  tbJa  I 
It  is  safe  knowledge,  too :  there  *s  nothiM 
revolution ary  abou  t  it.  If  children  are  trained 
to  think,  the  men  who  come  of  them  w^iU  do 
the  same  ;  and  when  the  men  think,  I  ^m  per- 
suaded that  there  '11  be  all  manner  of  old 
institutions  knocked  on  the  head. 

Now,  the  school  system  of  Prussia,  which 
differs  not  very  greatly  from  other  school 
systems  of  Europe  (always  with  the  glorious 
exceptions  of  England,  Buasia,  Turkey,  Spain, 
Portligal,  and  the  South  of  Italy),  the  school 
system  of  Prusaia  is  as  foUows  :  First — Gen- 
tralixation,  mark  you  1  That  wont  do  for 
u&  you  know  !  There  *s  the  Minister  of 
EancatioB  at  Berlin,  assisted  by  a  Council; 
he  receives  information  from  aU  sourosi, 
digests  it,  and  endeavours  to  supply  all  wants. 
Prussia  contains  eight  provinces,  snd  each 
province  is  governed  by  a  Oonsiatorinm^  sob- 


p 


I 


ordifiAte,  ofcoarae,  to  the  eentr&l  governiDent 
at  Berlin.  The  ConBi«torium  has  a  Preaideiit. 
who  is  the  chief  proviueitil  authority^  titi«l  it 
18  divided  into  thrt^  comimtte«&  One,  direi^to 
eoclewjutical  AffairR  ;  one,  cared  for  pulilic 
bodilv  health  ;  and  one,  for  public  eduration. 
The  laatj  with  which  we  are  concerned,  m 
called  Schawl  Collegium.  TJje  Schrx)l  CoLle* 
ginm  has  the  control  of  the  sujjerior  achoolw 
and  norraal  colleger ;  it  fiiiperint*?nds  the 
ti-niiting  of  the  teacher*.  Before  a  comraittee 
of  the  School  Colleiiipium,  all  teachers  are  ex- 
andued  for  certificates.  Tlie  membei's  of 
thiti  comioittee  are  selected  by  the  Govern- 
ment at  I^rLin,  from  the  rnoat  learned  men 
reaiding  in  the  province. 

Each  province  of  Prussia  is  divided  into 
two  or  three  oouutieB,  and  each  county  a^aln 
haa  itfi  governing  council  or  Rcgieruiie,  Thia 
is  divided  into  four  committeee.  ana  haa  a 
president,  whose  authority  extends  over  each. 
The  four  committees  have  entrusted  to  them 
—let  Police  ;  2nd.  Collection  of  Taxes  ;  3rd. 
Justice ;  4th.  Education.  The  men  employed 
u{)on  thlD  council,  whicli  acts  aa  the  local  go- 
vetument,  receive  fit  salaries,  and  are  elected 
from  among  the  reaidenta  within  the  coimty.  Of 
this  Itegierung  the  educational  committee  haa 
chai'gc,  not  of  the  training  schools,  but  of  the 
primary  schools,  the  Rchools  for  children. 
it  is  composed  of  a  president,  called  Schulrath, 
who  is  catholic  or  proteatant  according  to  the 
creed  prevailing  in  the  county  over  which  he 
presides ;  with  him  are  joined  the  presidenta 
of  the  two  other  committeea,  Justice  and  Tax- 
ation, and  two  members  who  repreaent  the 
two  religious  interests^  one  cathoUc,  one  pro- 
tMtant.  Th^e  are  men  living  in  the  county, 
w«Il  acquainted  with  its  wants,  and  known 
for  the  high  interest  they  take  in  education. 

The  sulxHviaitxi  of  each  oonntv'  w  into 
TJuiona,  and  each  union,  or  Kreis,  haa  on  in- 
spector, or  Lundrath,  who  acta  as  an  inter- 
mediate fuuctionarj'  between  the  Kegierung, 
and  the  petty  local  officers. 

Each  Kreis  is  broken  into  parishes,  and 
over  each  parish  there  is  a  magistrate,  or 
Schuizc^  ap|>ointe<l  by  the  Regierung,  who 
attends  to  the  jjolice,  taxes,  and  other  matters 
in  hia  own  department. 

That  *»  the  machine.  Now,  note  how  it  is 
brought  to  hear  on  the  unhappy  children,  so 
that  they  shall  inCilliyy  be  torn  from  their 
mud-piys,  iuul  brought  from  the  remoteat  alley 
of  the  remotest  little  village  to  a  seat  in  the 
great  German  school. 

Ever)'  pariah  is  compelled  to  provide  for  its 
children's  nrojierschoofaccommodation.  If  that 
provision  oe,  in  any  parish,  not  forthcoming, 
notice  is  given  to  the  Schulze  that  it  nmat  be 
made.  Th is  magist  rate  com municatea  the  no- 
tice to  the  people  of  hia  district,  and  requests  the 
householders  to  elect,  from  among  themaelvcfi, 
three  or  four  men  to  form  part  ofa  committee 
for  devising  ways  and  means.  The  other 
memlHjrs  of  this  committee  are,  ex  oji^cio,  the 
nuigistnLte  himaelf,  and  the  religious  ministerB 


of  each  denomination  in  the  pariah.  The 
question  before  them,  is,  not  whether  schools 
oii^ht  to  W  provided ;  government  takes  that 
topic  out  of  debateable  ground,  and  settles 
imjicratively  that  school  accommodation  there 
whidl  Ihj,  The  first  question  diacussed  in  this 
committee,  is,  whether  there  shall  be  one 
svhorA  for  Catholics  and  Protestants,  or 
whether  they  shall  teach  in  separate  establish- 
ments. Hie  latter  alternative  is  chosen  when 
the  population  will  admit  of  the  arrangement. 
Where  that  is  impossible,  a  mixed  school  is 
amicably  adopted,  directed  by  ministers  of 
each  persuasion,  with  religions  teaching  ac- 
cording to  the  views  of  the  majority — ^from 
which  the  children  of  Dissenters  are  per- 
mitted to  absent  themselves;  but,  they  are 
absent  on  condition  of  receiving  religious 
education,  at  the  same  hour,  accoming  to  the 
views  of  their  own  ministers,  elsewhere.  Out 
of  this  arrangement)  no  disputes  arise  ;  each 
parish  exercises  its  own  discretion.  Th©  local 
committee  then  selects  a  site  for  the  new 
school,  ascertains  how  much  can  be  spent  in 
the  building,  and  selects  a  plan  for  its  con- 
it^Dction.  The  decisions  are  sent  up  for  the 
approval  of  the  Eegierung,  which  follows,  of 
course,  unless  an  unhealthy  site  or  a  defective 
plan  have  been  selected,  in  which  case  the 
Kegierung  requests  reooosideration  of  the 
question,  and  points  ont  sadi  objections  as 
occur. 

The  local  committee  then  pleases  itself  in 
the  election  of  a  teacher  out  of  the  body  of 
trained  teachers,  who  have  passed  their  ex- 
amination, and  obtained  the  right  diploma. 
The  teacher  is  presented  to  the  parish  oy  the 
nunieter  in  church,  with  earnest  ceremony. 
He  acts,  thereafter,  in  church,  as  organist,  and 
leader  of  the  choir.  Great  pains  are  taken  by 
the  law  to  secure  for  him  due  respect.  His 
diploma  stamps  him  a  well  educated  man.  He 
has  l>een  taught  field-botany,  and  lore  of 
household  mecucine,  which  maKes  him  a  use- 
ful oracle  to  the  surroonding  neasantry.  His 
saUr^  is,  in  no  case,  allowea  to  faW  below  a 
certain  fixed  amount ;  and  no  parish  aft«r 
Imving  raised  the  salary  it  pays,  will  be  per- 
mitted ever  again  to  reduce  it.  It  is  collected 
for  him  bv  local  officers,  and  placed  in  hia 
bands  witLout  trouble  to  himself  And  no 
teacher,  once  chosen,  can  be  diijmiBsed  by  any 
freak  of  local  B[)ite  or  jealousy.  His  neigh* 
boura  must  state  their  complaints,  if  they 
have  any,  to  the  Eegierung ;  and,  even  from 
the  RegieruDg,  he  may  appeal  against  dts- 
misaal  to  the  Minister  of  Public  Instruction, 
at  Berlin,  or,  if  it  so  please  him,  to  the  king. 

The  local  School  Committee  is  a  body  per- 
manently constituted.  It  meets  periodically, 
provides  school  ap[>aratus,  attends  to  repaint, 
and  protects  the  teacher.  Its  members  also, 
from  time  to  time,  visit  the  school  as  in- 
spectors, and  make  reports  to  the  Aegieruiif. 
The  lay  members  of  the  loobl  committee  ifo 
not  inspect  often,  but  each  religious  minister  ia 
obliged,  by  law,  to  do  so,  several  times  a-yea& 


n 


i 


¥ 


I 


1 


Next  above  these,  are  the  inapectors  for 
the  KreiB  or  Union,  in  conoection  with  the 
Re^enmg.  There  ia  one  inspector  for  the 
Proteataiit  achcwls,  aud  one  for  the  Romanist : 
each,  being  a  man  hi^h  b  his  own  Church, 
They  viait  each  school  m  the  district,  once,  at 
leasif  every  year,  and  report  on  all  to  the 
RegieniDgf  Their  duty  of  inspection  is  con- 
sidered part  of  their  clerical  work :  their 
trtivellinj^  expenses,  only,  being  defrayed  by 
the  county.  The  Protestant  Inspector  is 
appointed  by  the  Cousistorium  ;  the  Komanigt 
by  hi«  own  Bishop ;  subject  in  each  case  to 
the  approval  of  Uie  Government  at  Berlin* 
l*he3C  mapectora  report  where  there  is  a  de- 
ficiency of  school  accommodation*  The 
Fmasian  teachers  wish  that  these  inspectors,, 
who  are  in  most  active  and  real  connexion 
with  themaelvea,  should  be  elected  firom  their 
o^ii  ranks,  as  being  then  more  able  to  com- 
prehend what  they  see  done.  The  Govern- 
ment,  as  a  small  step  in  thb  direction,  has 
lately  ordered  that  every  candidate  for  holy 
ordera  shall  liave  attended  a  training  college 
for  felx  weeks,  and  paaaed  an  examination  m 
the  art  of  teachings  But,  they  desire  this 
inspection  t«  be  by  the  clergy* 

Moreover,  tlie  President  of  the  educational 
branch  of  the  Kegierung  in  each  county — 
Schulrath — always  a  scholar,  is  requurd 
every*  yem*  to  jmy  as  many  visits  aa  he  can 
(iiid  time  fot*,  to  the  county  schools, 

I^astly,  from  the  Bureau  of  Public  Inatmc- 
tion,  the  minister,  at  Berlin,  sends  yearly 
three  inspectors  to  examine  such  districts  as 
arc  suapectcd  to  be  insufficiently  attende<i  to, 
and  to  apply  their  8uper\'ision  in  such  a 
manner  aa  to  let  no  pait  of  the  great  German 
school  suffer  neglect. 

Finally  cornea  after  lastly.  Finally,  di- 
rectors of  the  training  colleges  float  about, 
paying  visits  to  their  ancient  pupils ;  and 
where  they  see,  by  their  mode  of  teacliinff, 
that  they  have  not  kept  up  with  the  marcn 
of  time,  have  overlooked  the  last  improve- 
mentSf  or  forgotten  their  old  lore,  a  substitute 
U  found — while  they  are  ouictly  invited  to 
pay  a  viait  to  their  ohl  fnends  at  the  nor- 
mal schooL  And  there,  the  blunt  razor  is 
sharpened . 

Here  'a  a  pretty  coil  indeed,  about  teach- 
ing little  ragamuffins  their  ABC!  One 
would  think,  by  the  way  Prussia  goes  to 
work,  that  education  lanked  among  the  most 
axoioos  dnties  of  the  Government.  Schools 
are  put  on  the  same  level  with  gunpowder,  as 
defences  of  the  State.  If  it  were  so,  here. 
Sir  Frantna  Hetid  might  weU  be  an  ahtirmist 
over  the  defenceless  state  of  England. 

Well,  but  I  haven*t  yet  fully  exposed  the 
enormity  of  the  offence'  committed  by  these 
Germans  against  wholesome  Ignorance,  Just 
■ee  what  pins  they  give  themaelven  to  fit  a 
man  for  offic*^  as  a  teacher.  In  the  first  place, 
he  is  generally  of  the  peasant  class,  and, 
though  educated  like  a  gentleman,  he  is  at 
DO  time  raised  above  that  sympathy  with  his 


own  clas  which  is  necessary  to  his  61 11  iniln- 
ence  in  after  life.  Any  young  peasant  may 
a*^ire  to  be  a  teacher.  He  goes,  first,  in  the 
usual  manner,  for  eight  years,  to  the  primary 
school ;  learns  there  to  read  and  write  well ; 
gets  a  knowledge  of  arithmetic,  of  the  history 
and  geography  of  Germany,  of  Scripture  his- 
tory, and  a  few  leading  facts  of  natuial  history 
and  science.    Then,  for  the  next  three  or  four 

{rears,  that  is  to  say,  until  he  attains  the 
owest  age  (eighteen)  at  which  he  is  admis- 
sible into  a  training  college,  his  education  can 
be  continued  at  a  superior  public  school. 
These  superior  public  schools,  containing 
endowe<^l  places  for  poor  boys,  exist,  cf  course, 
only  in  the  towns.  In  villages,  the  candidate 
for  teacher's  honours  cttn tents  himself  with 
recei^'ing  evening  tuition  from  the  local 
teacher,  attends  his  classes  during  some  piirts 
of  the  day,  and  renders  himftelf  useful  in 
them.  At  the  superior  public  schools,  the 
education  goes  on,  and  inemdes  mathematics^ 
with  a  little  claaaics,  lectures  on  history, 
physical  geography,  music,  and  drawing. 

Preparatory  training-schools  are  also  estft- 
bli.nhed  by  private  persona. 

At  the  age  of  eighteen,  candidates  are  ad- 
missible into  the  normal  colleges.  In  each 
college,  the  yearly  vacancies  are  filled  up  with 
those  young  men  who  have  passed  the  best 
examination  before  the  Professors  of  tlie 
College  an<i  the  representative  of  the  Regie- 
rung.  The  examination  ia  very  strict,  and 
vacancies  are  not  filled  up  at  all,  if  candidates 
sre  not  up  to  the  proper  mark.  There  must 
be  produced,  also,  at  this  time,  a  certifi- 
cate of  perfect  health  and  strength.  The 
selected  candidates  sign  an  nndertakiog  to 

{)racti8e  the  profession  of  a  teacher  for  at 
east  three  years  after  obtainijig  licence  so  to 
do.  In  consideration  of  this,  they  are  main- 
tained and  educated  at  the  expense  of  Govern- 
ment, incurring  for  theniaelves  no  other  cost 
than  that  of  clothes,  and  about  tliree  pounds 
a-year  for  breakfast.  If,  however,  any  stu- 
dent forfeit  his  engagement  by  not  remaining 
during  three  years  t&er  obtaining  his  diploma 
in  the  service  of  the  state,  he  is  then  called 
upon  to  refund  the  money  that  has  been 
expended  on  his  education. 

Each  student  remains  in  the  training 
college  two  or  three  years — never  less  than 
two,  or  more  than  three.  There  are^  in  Prussia, 
forty-three  training  colleges,  and  thirty  thou- 
sand licenced  teachers.  Where  the  population 
requiivs  it,  there  are  separate  colleges  for 
Catholics  and  Protestants.  In  fact,  there  are 
only  two  normal  colleger  in  Prusaia  where 
Catholii^s  and  Protestants  are  educated  toge- 
ther :  the  directors  of  those  institutions  being 
chosen  from  among  the  clergy. 

The  students  in  the  normal  colleges  have 
frequent  occasion  to  revisit  home,  and  maintain 
full  connexion  with  their  peasant  famOies. 
The  mode  of  life  in  college  is  laborious,  and 
atudiouslv  simple,  in  order  tliat  the  student 
may  not  be  unhtted  for  the  enjoyment  of  his 


fiO06£aOL0  WOBi)& 


after  lot :  a  fhi^iJ  houBehald  uui  a  oonsUnt 
kindly  uitercoun»e  with  ptirtfiits  in  liumble 
lif». 

The  cotirsc  of  study  in  thti  nonuAl  college 
incltideSf  for  tliu  ^nt  two  ytar^  Latin  and 
Fi*erichj  oden  Engliah;  G«ograpIiy,  History, 
Nattnul  HLstory,  jMirticuIarly  Field  Botany* 
aiul  ptiipcrtieai  of  pUiila  ;  Physical  Sciencen; 
Drawing',  SiujLrlug,  and  Clumting  ;  the  Violin, 
JPiaitoftJite  aiui  Orgau  <for  the  pupil  is  des- 
tined to  be  ori^aiust  and  leader  of  the  clioir, 
here^il^T  '  '.  pariah  church)  together witli 

the   ^  Teaching.     (The  idea  of  the 

Scieu*:<-  L^  Ae-wjliing.  Aa  if  there  could 
b9  any  acieuce  in  it  1)  AflerwaitlH,  the 
advanced  pupils  nmctise  teaching  under  a 
profe»«f)r  ou  a  inoaul  class,  and  are  minutdy 
w;uTM;d  and  criticiHed.  They  are  taught,  also, 
how  to  provide  lot  medical  emerge(;rcie8  ;  the 
aiitidot*>a  to  poitsODs,  remedied  for  bums,  &^ 
In  addition  to  all  this,  they  perform  house- 
hold work  ajid  field  work  ;  make  beds  fur 
themselves,  and  beds  for  ve^etableB ;  pump 
water  and  prune  trees ;  ring  belia,  peed  potu- 
toea,  and  run  of  errands.  Every  year,  tlun' 
undergo  a  stiict  examination.  If  any  then 
appear  so  hopeleasly  backward  that  he  h  not 
Utely  to  get  a  diploma,  he  is  quietly  re- 
movt^il,  and  no  more  ealt  is  wasted  on 
him.  Each  stude-nt,  at  the  cud  of  his  third 
year,  undergoes  an  examiuaUou  of  two  daya' 
continuiuioe  for  Ixia  diploma.  The  examina- 
tion ia  m  aeikrrch'mg  as  it  can  l>e  made.  Ac- 
oordiug  to  thtiir  quidifieations,  cikndidates 
receivo  a  certllic;Ue  marked  1,  or  2,  or  3,  or 
nr  •■—.(].  Any  ]>erHoii  not  educated  at  a 
;  liege  may  jireaejit    himeelf  at  thifl 

<  .  jh,  an<l  uLtaiu  a  tiiplomi*  if  he  can. 

'ili»<.'  wliuwiu  diplunm  1,  are  qualified  for 
any  xirnution.  Those  with  diploma  2  or  3, 
must  serve  for  two  or  three  yea^ra  as  aasiatant 
teaclierB,  and  muat  be  re-examined,  until  they 
obtain  dipioma  1.  Those  ^th  diploma  3,  are 
obliged  to  pre&out  themaelvefi  in  the  succeed- 
ing ^'car,  aud  if  ihey  do  not  then  give  satis- 
faction, are  rejected  altogether.  Without  a 
diploni.'i,  uo  person  is  allowed  to  teach.  There 's 
despolisiu  for  you  ! 

Studeutij,  when  they  are  constituted 
teacherB,  always  maintain  a  filial  relation  to- 
wards tiieir  normal  college.  In  caaea  of 
doubt,  they  apply  to  it  for  information  ;  if 
they  fail  back  in  their  attainments,  thev 
return  to  it  to  have  their  minds  refreshed. 
Thither,  they  generally  send  their  children. 

Teachers*  inferences  m*e  held  monthly, 
cut  aday»  and  at  a  place,  previously  notiiitKl,  to 
whiefa  ail  teaehers  are  enabled  to  travel  free 
of  coet.  Hore»  from  their  scattered  villsge- 
whoolfl,  and  from  their  towns,  the  teadiera  of 
%  mY>vince  meet,  aud  shake  hands  with  each 
otaer ;  they  formally  discuss  practical  theorieij 
of  teaching  ;  one  teaches  liefore  the  rest,  luid 
when  the  children  are  retired,  idl  hold  a 
debate  upon  his  method ;  e^tch  hears  at  the 
oooibreuce,  the  beat  improvements  in  the 
■oiienoe  to  which  his  Ufe  is  devoted,  and  goes 


home  atreugtheued  with  a  ooDaciouanesa  tbat 
he  is  a  member  of  a  i^roat  and  influential 
body  *^  t^  aiftie.  Book-  m  i-Srdicals  upon 
the  history  and  phUoeoi  aching,  are 

written,  rmd,  and  largely  .    Teaching 

a  science  again  1  Survly  this  is  enough  to 
make  England  ci'ack  her  aides  with  Laugbiiig. 
The  science  of  hearing  lessons  and  rapping 
knuckles  I 

The   German  S»-l      '     '  .'itors; 

they  sav  it  is  unwi  us  to 

]jUt  a  child  to  teach  u  cimu,  f  vou  liic  :iiphab«;L 

On  this  aooount,  the  skilled  teacher  in  the 
poorer  villages  has,  now  and  then,  more  on  his 
hands  than  one  ])eraon  can  rightly  manage. 
Tlie  Prussians  aay,  they  know  that ;  but,  of 
two  evils,  they  prefer  the  le^. 

Well,  there  you  have  it ;  that  'a  the  Ger- 
man school  so  far  as  Prussia  is  concerned !  In 
Saxony,  it^s  pretty  much  the  same,  ^very 
child  is  required  by  law  to  receive,  for  e%m 
yeiu^,  uninterrupted  education — ^thcre,  aa  in 
Prusaitt,  it  don\  matter  where — of  > 

petent  teacher— of  the  parent,  if  it  i . 

and  if  the  parent  be  competent  to  iu^j.>  c»uii 
a  trust.    But,  in  the  primarr  sdiook,  all  oter 
Germany,  you  may  see   children  of  ti.'luijoi^ 
tinkere,  street-porters,  sittings  c3 
gent,  and  cheerful,  on   the  sfime  1'  > 

the  children  of  physicians,  land^oxvueiti,  iimi 
counts.  All  are  attache^l  with  a  linn  tastii  to 
the  primary  schooU ;  Protestant  or  Catholic, 
rich  man  or  poor,  all  are  iiuprw&wd  with 
the  sefiae  of  their  *'  schulpfl  '  '  '*  and 
thoroughly  appreciate  tlie  st  ju  of 

a  well-cundu(^ed  education.  In  ij«iv^m  aud 
smaller  states — even  in  Austria — the  same 
feeling  exists. 

It  is  the  same  in  Switzerland  ;  there  I  am 
reminded  to  take  uote  of  a  oircuiustaiice,  and 
here  it  in.  The  Catholic  cantons  require 
education  as  much  as  tlie  Protestants,  but 
they  are  cooteot  with  mudi  less.  In  fact, 
that  is  a  general  rule,  throughout  Europe, 

In  Denmark,  education  in  compulsory.  Li 
Sweden,  and  Norwa}',  there  is  only  one  person 
in  a  thousand  unable  to  '  ■-  ^  write.  In 
France,  piireiita  are  not  to  educate 

their  ciildren  ;  but  M.  Ui^.-.--^ ;..-.  done  mudi 
to  pkce  education  at  the  parents*  door.  There 
are,  in  France,  seventy-six.  training-schools, 
sixty  thousand  primary  schools  under  certi- 
fied teachers^  two  hundred  school  inapcct<>ni, 
and  a  Govei-nment  grant  of  two  miUi'JU 
pounds  a  year,  for  the  lurtherance  of  Kaiioual 
Education.  In  Holland,  there  is  a  careftilly- 
devised  school  system ;  and,  although  educac 
tion  is  not  made  compulsory,  tl  -  '  rireely 
a  sound  child  of  twelve  yean^  annot 

read  and  write.  Catholitai^  Ci. ...--,  and 
Lutherans,  sit  side  by  side,  and  receiyy»  reli- 
gious teaching  in  those  precepts,  which  ai*e 
tlie  pith  of  (Sxristiamty^  and  which  aU  fol- 
lowers of  Jesus  recogxiise. 

I  say  no  more.  Who  can  wonder  that  we  see 
the  iostitutiona  of  our  ancestora  neglected, 
time-honoured  customs  cnimbliug  undunittUl 


CkMtif  Ulcktn.1 


EAILWAY  WAIFS  AND  STRAYS 


3ld 


<m»^  ^— «^  ^he  fiend  of  chftnge  ftbrodhd?  Hie  lover 
,,  and  Rule  Bntannia^ — I  am  one — 

II  K  the  morbid  tendency  to  educate, 

or  we  sbidJ  all  be  swullowed  up  in  contempln- 
Uous  of  the  Aiture.  The  countrj',  certainly,  is 
not  tn  nny  immediate  diinger  of  education, 
tlifwik  Heftven,  but  forewMiied  U  forearmed. 

Britain,  I  warn  jrou!  Don't  open  your 
eyes  when  you  are  Jiskini  to  look  fit  yonder 
German  school.  You  hnve  other  irons  in  the 
fir«i.  Besides,  the  British  are  fine  fellows, 
TfB^n  of  the  light  quality,  and  want  no  teaching. 
What  Bays  the  comedian  ?  *  Les  genu  de 
quality  fiavent  tout,  Kms  avoir  januuB  rien 
uppris.'  (People  of  quality  know  ever^lhing 
without  ever  learning  anything.)  England  ts 
of  the  true  quality,  and  may  eit  down  and 
be  content — in  company  with  Turkey,  Russia, 
Spain,  Portugal,  and  Southern  Italy. 

Good  company;  for  they  are  the  best 
f  iintriea  that  I  know— the  best,  in 

I  1 1  ybody  knows.     I  know  a  thing  or 

t,;, ,  1  tH..tve.  for  I  was  an  Oxford  man,  and 
I  have  had  the  champion  of  England  (wltli 
his  belt  on)  in  my  rooms,  many  a  time.  My 
name*B  Bendlgo  buster.  I  have  a  little  run 
to  seed,  of  late  years,  but  I  am  of  the  right 
Bort  ^*et  Show  rao  a  man  who  broaches  any 
of  thia  revolutionary  gammon  al)out  educa- 
tion, and  111  show  you  a  man  who  'U  knock 
him  down,  I  have  alluded  to  the  conductor 
of  this  Journal.  I  encloae  my  card,  with  the 
present  contribution  ;  and  am  ready  to  pitch 
taio  him^  or  any  one  holding  the  like  detesV 
able  seotimentfl. 


^~th- 


tand  r. 
r 


RAILWAY  WAIFS  AND  STRAYS. 

Gkntlevkn  who  viU  look  out  of  the  win- 
dows of  imlway  carriages  to  see  '^  w^bat  *s  the 
mwtter,"  and  get  their  hat^i  knocke<i  off  and 
left  behind  at  tiie  rate  of  fifty  miles  an  hour  ; 
thtnl-cbias  young  Ladies  who  will  hold  pa- 
msols  over  their  complexions  on  windy  days, 
and  let  theto  go  ballooning  down  the  line 
at  hurricane  time ;  Dajidios  who  won*t  lo(»k 
aAer  their  own  luggage,  but  leave  everything 
to  "  tho5»e  felloe's,  the  ]^rtci»,**  and  so  lose  it ; 
Wives  who  iriU  termuiate  their  journeys  at 
the  terminus  in  their  hn.^band's  armSj  regard- 
less of  th*?ir  "trifles  from  Tanbridge  *'  packed 
up  in  metty  baskets  ;  Commerdal  Ti-avellers 
rlio  forget  their  samples ;  Gents  who  rush 
away  without  their  canes ;   AunU  who  leave 

hind  their  umbrellas  ;  Nieces  ol>Ji\nou8  of 
their  pattens; — in  short,  ever)'l>ody  who 
misses,  or  foi^ta,  or  leaves  beh'md,  or  loses 
anything  on  a  railway,  may  consider  it  netirly 
as  safe  as  if  they  had  not  been  stupid,  or  care- 
less, or  in  too  great  a  hurry,  or  forget PuJ ; — and 
Imve  a  nmch  oetter  chance  of  finding  it  than 
if  they  had  never  stirred  away  from  Tiome. 

To  the  terminus  of  most  rallwa/jTS  is  at- 
taclied  %vliat  the  French  would  cdl  an  ad- 
r  I    s^nwe — a    w:      '  :uid 

Lod  i>ort<i'w — i''  •  losit 

e  lost  or   J 'rut   «->T-iiiud; 


iLod  pti 
>u  of  tn( 


wliich,  for  variety  and  value,  would  put  to 
filiame  the  dazzling  and  heterogeneous  trea- 
sures of  Bon  Eohuido*s  Cave,  Inspecting  one 
of  these  offices  some  time  since^  the  writer  had 
oecaaion  to  describe  the  aoene  m  the  following 
terms : — 

A  visit  to  thia  depoeitoiy  would  repay  a 
philosopher*  He  mi^lit  rwidtly  guess  at  the 
owners  from  the  articles — they  are  so  per- 
fectly characteiiatic.  Some  of  thr  ■•  -'  r- 
titcles  are  in  themselves  idiogyncm<i  ^ 

many  of  the  bundles  tie  up  un^v: 
tones,   and  journals  of  travt^l.     T  ^ 

one  which  we  had  the  curiosity  i 
that  belonged,  there  can  be  not  t! 
doubt,  to  a  courier  or  a  valet     It  v,  ; 

by  a  silk  handkerchlefi,  in  one  of  f  i 
which  were  secured  about  8?x]>nnr 
Italian  halfpence.    Its  contents  pv 
nretty  nearly  as  follows: — A  piii 
bnishea;   a  chart  and  tariff  or  far-.s  ui  uio 
Austrian  Lloyd's  Steam- Boats  r^^mpany;  a 
small  jar  of  preserved  meat  bewide  a  pot  of 
bear*s-grea8&  to  give  it  a  flavour ;  a  play -bill 
of  the  S^  Scala  Theatre,  where  the  owner 
had,  it  would  seem,  the  pleasure  of  hearing 
Donizetti's  new  opera  of  **  T^a  Rpgna  de  Gol- 
conda  ;"  a  case  of  toothpicks,  a  Prussian  bill 
for  post-horses,  a  comb,  a  half  nibbled  pipe  of 
macaroni,  and  a  screw  of  toKicro,  the  savour 
of  which  imparted  the  predominating  smell  to 
the  entire  bundle. 

From  this  pleasing  amalgamation,  an  ex- 
perienced tourist  might  have  traced  a  com- 
plete earU  du  vot/age.  It  presented  a  map  of 
the  owner^s  route,  which  e^idpiiLly  began  in 
an  English  i>erfumer's  shop— for  ihe  haii^ 
brushes  and  beai*a-grease  were  of  British 
manufacture — was  continupid  through  Itidy 
to  the  office  of  the  Austrian  L](»yJ's  in  Vienna, 
and  back  to  the  Dover  termums  by  w^j  of 
PiTLssia. 

Before  we  pry  into  the  next  parcel,  ^e 
must  make  an  apology  for  breiiking  the 
sacred  confidence  of  aH^dy's  K'vsV  ^  •  1  •'  •♦ 
was  irresistible.  There  it  sto<rKl  iri^ 
oaity — a  straw-bonnet- like  recp]»tji  .  .  i 
with  red  leather,  having  a  clo«e-rthntLing  flap 
and  no  button — ^which  is  our  arM»l«>j2y.  withia 
we  found  a  pair  of  ladies'  shn«^  the  neat 
covering  of  as  pretty  a  foot  as  ever  stepped 
out  of  a  carnage  —  railway  or  fnmdy  — 
wTapf>ed  up  in  a  quarto  leiif  of  a  iM»pular 
religious  periodical.  Beside  th'?m  lay,  iiorrmeo 
Ttftrtru!  a  pint  bottle,  whieh  emitted  an 
odour  neither  of  Rose-water,  nor  of  Handle- 
Cologne,  but  of  very  exc»*llent  Geneva. 
Could  there  have  been,  nowever,  any  iloubt  as 
to  the  natm"«  of  the  spirit,  it  would  have  been 
cl^jred  up  at  the  bottom  of  the  lyaskf^t,  where 
there  lay  awine-glaaawitliout  a  f«->ot.  On  whom 
sltall  we  &x  the  ownership  of  this  tivasureT 
Shall  it  be  a  muddling  duenna,  entniatt'd  with 
her  lovely  mistress's  shoes,  or — a  more  pro- 
bable conjecture — a  **  serious  **  lady  slightly 
addicted  to  gin  I 

Our  old  friend.  Mm  Gamp,  was  as  plainly 


> 
^ 


visible  00  one  of  the  shelves  as  If  she  stood 
before  lua.  She  -waa  personified  by  a  cotton 
TunbretlAf  witlk  a  tremeDdous  horn-head,  and 
&  pftir  of  pattens  as  tall  and  aa  clumej  as 
I>iitdihor«e-dho«a.  Beside  theee  was  stretched 
at  ftiU  length  a  well-folded^  well-brushed  pre- 
cise-looking 9tlk  umbrella,  v&ry  seedy  &t  the 
edges,  with  a  dingy  ivory  knob,  the  property, 
we  Infer,  of  an  elderly  bachelor  with  a 
limited  income.  Slim  umbrellaa,  of  foreign 
extnictJon,  in  pollshetl  leather  casesn^  stood 
beside  family  concerns  which  would  answer 
for  picnic  tents,  having  convenient  wiree  to 
hang  up  the  ladies'  bonnets.  Tliere  were  some 
with  comic  handles  carved  to  resemble  Punch 
snd  Tim  Bobbin^  grimly  contrasting  with 
ivory  Death Vheads,  The  umbrella  snelf,  in 
short,  is  a  collection  of  silk,  gingham,  and 
whalebone  diaracters,  as  palpable  as  those  of 
Lord  Shafleaburv  or  La  Bruydre, 

Commend  us,  bowevcr,  to  the  hat-shelf ;  for 
nothiog  can  exceed  the  heterogeneous  jumble  of 
rank,  ataiion,  character,  and  indicative  morality 
which  that  conglomeration  of  castora  presents. 
Here  a  dissipated-looking  foar-aDd-nme  leans 
its  battered  side  agaissi  the  prim  shovel  of  a 
dntrch  dignitary;  there  a  higbly-poUahed 
Fuisian  upper  crust  is  smashed  under  the 
weight  of  a  carter's  slouch.  On  one  side  the 
torn  brim  of  a  broad  straw  strays  into  the 
open  crown  of  a  bnui  new  beaver.  Some  bear 
the  crushing  marks  of  the  wheels  of  a  lug- 
gage-train,  or  the  impression  of  the  moistenol 
eUy  of  an  embankment;  others  are  neat, 
trimly  brushed,  and  show  how  carefidly  they 
have  been  hung  up  in  the  first-claaa  carriage 
while  the  owner  inducted  his  caput  into  an 
elesnuit  Templar,  or  fascinating  forsgiiu' eapL 
and  how  he  careleaaly  left  it  oeliiiif  Boys 
and  men^s,  quakers*  and  soldiers*,  carters*  aiid 
lords*,  derg>'men*s  and  sporting-men's  are  all 
ranged  side  by  aide,  or  thrown  togiether  hi|f- 
giecTy-piggledy*  hurly-burly,  topsy-turvy,  m 
coMdi  a  confused  oonglomeratiou  that,  should 
aa  applicant  endeavour  to  comply  with  the 
derk  a  soggeetion  to  "  Choose  your  own.  Sir,"" 
b«  vould  M  in  very  great  danger  of  ooomut- 
ting  Ptt^  laiveny,  and  finding  his  head  under 
fllBafcody  dse^s  bat.  U,  however,  these  head- 
caiingi.  w«re  arranged  according  to  their 
ovner*s  probable  rank  in  life,  they  would 
pCaitily  indicate  theur  wearer's  station  and 
firnqdc  of  traT«Uing.  lliere  would  be  firat-elaae 
^  '  aiBling  of  spcjrting,  clerical,  military, 

beavers — second-class,  all  neat  and 
d  third-class,  composed  of 
i.»itera\  valets',  and  hay-makeai\ 
aKwe  articltw  left  behind  by  mis- 
ixii|KjuDdedu  and  consist  of  forced 
c-1ihI  in  aaiislaction  of  unpaid-op 
'/tman  has  ni  >t  only  for^gotten  to 
' :  has  alaij  forgotten  to  provide 
w.Uj  '.h*  i-n^h  ti»re«ary  for  that  vary 
—  elimtvuL  ill  iii<«t  railroad  tranaae- 
ty  of  the  law^, 
fcy  the  pobce, 
and,  auing 


,«  ^f  k:.^v,. 


•;  movables,  and 
(fficient  amount 


out  a  pereniptnr-  *^"'  ^-^ 
pressure  proof 
«iT>ontaueous  ♦■<  j.., 
dmte  ejcecuUon  on  » 
diatndns  on  the  np 
to  cover  the  debt  ari«i  ctjaLs.  Such  depoaita 
generallv  consist  of  wnlkingHitieks  of  various 
size^  anh  values,  pockct-handkorchiefs,  whips, 
and  workmen's  taolii.  Odd  mi  xtiires  are  nuule 
in  this  way.  One  inaolvt?nt  traveller  wa*  de- 
prived of  a  twelve  rowel  la<ldcr ;  another,  a 
doctors  boy,  (who  had,  perhaps,  dissipated 
his  master's  money  in  hardbake)  had  nothing 
left  to  ofler  to  the  ruthlesB  cnshjers  but  a  few 
bottles  of  physic  !  And  there  they  stand, 
labelled  with  the  usual  directions  of  when  to 
be  taken,  and  in  how  many  table-spoon fiilB,  in 
ikr  more  harmlessneaa  than  if  they  had  reachetl 
their  destinations. 

As  evidence  of  carelessness  these  deposita 
are  scarcely  credible.  We  were  shown  purses 
innnmernble,  aU  containing  money,  sometimes 
as  much  as  from  ten  to  fifty  pounds :  jewellery 
of  every  aort  and  desci-iption,  from  whole 
suites  to  sin^e  rings  and  breftst-pins,  all  left 
behind  in  carriages.  It  is  difficult  to  imagine 
how  it  is  that  the  losers  can  ^H  quit  of  aome 
of  the  articles  without  carrying  carelessnem 
and  forgetftdness  to  an  extraordmary  point  oif 
ingenuity.  A  glove,  a  shawl,  a  handkerchief, 
or  a  walking-stick  are  readily  left  behind  ; 
and  as  to  umWellas,  to  be  lost  would  seem  to 
be  one  of  the  passive  functions  thev  are  des- 
tined to  fulfil ;  but  how  such  a  nn^  which 
must  cost  some  trouble  to  remove  &om  the 
finger ;  a  watch  which,  when  a  queatioo  of  time 
has  been  decided,  it  is  usual  to  return  to  the 
pocket — can  be  left  in  a  railway  carriage,  ia 
not  easily  to  be  comprehended. 

The  most  astonishing  kind  of  property 
to  leave  behind,  at  a  railway  station,  is 
mentioned  in  an  advertisement,  which  ap- 
peared in  the  newsp^>ers,  dated  Swindon, 
April  ^th,  1844.  It  gave  notice,  **  that  a  pair 
of  bright  bay  carnage  hone^  about  sixteen 
hands  high,  with  black  switch  tails  and  manes,'* 
had  been  left  in  the  name  of  Hibbert ;  and 
notice  was  given,  that  unless  the  hoftea  were 
claimed,  on  or  before  the  12th  day  of  May, 
they  would  be  sold  to  pay  expenses.  Ao- 
cordin^y  on  that  day  they  tovre  sold. 

The  lost  luggage  warehooae^  of  another 
railway^that  at  the  Korth -Weifcera  Bail  way 
terminus,  has  been  cleverly  sketdied  by  Sir 
Trancis  Head.  It  consists  "ol^**  he  says. 
^a  Urge  pitch-dark  subtefranean  vaulted 
chamber,  warmed  by  hot-air  iron  pipes,  iD 
which  are  deposited  the  flock  of  lost  sheep,  or, 
without  met^hor,  the  lost  luggage  of  the  last 
two  years.  Suspended  from  uie  roof,  there 
hangs  horizontally  in  this  chamber  a  gn»-pipe 
about  eight  feet  long;,  and  aa  soon  as  the  hnl- 
Itaot  burners  at  each  end  were  lighted,  the 
aoene  waa  reaUy  aaloaiiding.  It  would  be 
infinitely  easier  to  aay  what  there  is  not  than 
what  there  is  in  the  forty  compartments,  like 
great  wine-biiis,  in  which  all  this  haat  pn>- 


ZhKln  DiekouL] 


EAILWAY  WAIFS  AND  STRAYS, 


aai 


^1 


perty  is  amung^.  One  u  choke-full  of  meo'a 
nat^  another  of  parasoU,  uinbrellaAf  and  Bticks 
of  every  posaible  description.  One  would 
think  that  all  the  ladies  retictilea  on  earth 
were  deiKiait^d  in  a  third.  How  maoj  little 
fimelling-bottled — ^how  many  little  embroidered 
pocket-nandkerchiefe — how  many  little  musty 
eatables  and  comfortable  drinkables — how 
many  tittle  biUs^  importaut  little  iioteB,  and 
other  very  amall  secrets  each  may  have  con- 
tained, we  felt  that  we  would  not  for  the 
world  have  aacertained  ;  but  when  we  gazed 
at  the  euonnoua  quantity  of  red  cloaks,  red 
filiawls,  red  tartan  plaids,  and  rt^  scarfs,  pilud 
up  in  one  corner,  it  was,  we  own,  impoaaible 
to  help  reflecting  that  surely  Eiigiiah  ladiee 
of  all  agea,  who  wear  red  ctoaks,  &c^  must  in 
some  mysterious  way  or  other  be  powerfully 
affected  by  the  wliine  of  compressed  air,  by 
the  midden  ringing  of  a.  bell,  by  the  sight  of 
their  trieuds — m  ahort^  by  the  various  con- 
flicting emotions  that  disturb  the  human  heart 
on  arriving  at  the  up-terminus  of  the  Euston 
Station  ;  for  ebie  how,  we  gi-avely  asked  our- 
selves, could  we  poesibly  account  for  the 
extraordinary  red  heap  bdbre  us  1  Of  courfie 
there  were  plenty  of  carpet-bags,  gun-ca&es, 
portmanteaua,  writine-desks,  boolu;,  bibles, 
cigar-casea,  &c,  ;  but  taere  were  a  few  articles 
that  certainly  we  were  not  prepared  to  meet 
with,  and  which  but  too  clearly  proved  that 
the  extraordinary  tenmnus-excitement  which 
luul  suddenly  c&uaed  so  many  virtuous  ladies 
to  elo|>e  from  their  red  shawls — in  short, 
to  be  all  of  n  sudden  not  only  in  a  *  bustle  ^ 
behind,  but  all  over — had  equally  affected  men 
of  all  sorts  and  conditions.  One  gentleman 
bad  left  behind  him  a  pair  of  leather  hunting- 
breeches  !  another  his  boot-jack  !  A  soldier 
of  the  twenty-secoud  Regiment  had  left  his 
knamack  containing  his  kit !  Another  soldier^ 
of  the  tenthf  poor  fellow,  had  left  his  scarlet 
regimental  coat!  But  what  astonished  us 
above  all  wbjb,  that  some  honest  Scotchman, 
pr«iKibly  in  the  ecstasy  of  suddeuly  seeing 
among  tlie  crowd  the  face  of  bis  faithiiu 
Jeanie,  had  actually  left  behind  him  the  beat 
portion  of  hm  bagpipes  1 " 

The  trouble  which  is  bestowed  by  the 
Bailway  Companies  to  cause  tlie  restitution 
of  lost  property  is  incalculable.  Not  long  ago, 
a  young  W!y  lost  a  portmanteau  from  Uks 
rest  of  her  luggage — a  paidouable  oversi^t^ 
for  she  was  a  bnde  starting  on  the  honeymoon 
trip.  The  bridegroom — ^never  on  such  occa* 
nous  an  accountable  betn^ — had  not  noticed 
the  misfortune.  When  the  Xqas  was  discovered 
and  application  made  respecting  it,  the  lady 
spoke  positively  of  bavins  seen  it  at  the 
station  whence  they  started,  then  again  at  a 
station  where  they  had  to  change  carnages ; 
slie  saw  it  also  when  they  left  the  railway  : 
it  was  all  safe,  she  averred,  at  the  hotel  whei-e 
tli«y  stopped  for  a  few  days.  She  was  also 
oertain  that  it  was  amongst  the  rest  of  the 
*<  thin^  *'  when  they  again  started  for  a 
watenng-plxice  ;  but,  when  they  arrived  there, 


it  was  missing !  It  contained  a  new  ridini^- 
habit>  value  fnteen  pounds.  The  swirch  liu 
was  instituted  for  tnis  portmanteau  recullLii 
tliat  of  Telemachus  for  Ulysses  ;  the  railway 
officials  sent  one  of  their  clerks  with  a  ciirle 
biajic/i€,  to  trace  the  bride's  journey  to  the  end 
of  tlie  last  mile,  till  some  tidings  of  the  strayed 
trunk  could  be  traced.  He  went  to  every 
station,  to  every  coach-office  in  comiexion  with 
every  station,  to  every  town,  to  every  hotel,  and 
to  every  lodging  that  the  happy  couple  had 
visited.  His  expenses  actually  amounted  to 
fifteen  poiuuls.  He  came  back  without  «u(^ 
cess.  At  length  the  treasure  was  found  ;  but 
where  ? — At  the  bye  station  on  another  line, 
whence  the  bride  had  started  from  home  a 
maiden.  Yet  she  had  positively  declared, 
without  doubt,  or  reservation,  that  she  had 
'*  with  her  own  eyes,"  seen  the  trunk  ou  the 
various  stages  of  her  torn* ;  this  can  only  be 
accounted  fur  by  the  peculiar  flustratiou  of 
a  young  huly  juat  plunged  into  the  vortex  of 
matrimitiiy.  The  husband  paid  the  whols 
of  the  coats. 

In  further  illustration  of  the  potos 
taken  to  return  mlsBing  property  by  the 
railway  company,  we  may  revert  to  Sir 
Francis  Head,  on  the  Korth*Wtstem ; — 
A  ledger,  entitled  "Lu|[gage  Inquiry  Book," 
is  kept,  and  if  the  articles  therein  inquired 
after  have  not  l>een  brought  in  by  the  aeaichcr, 
copies  of  the  descriptioa  ore  forwarded  to  each 
of  the  offices  where  lo«t  luggage  is  kept  ;  for  by 
the  company's  orders  all  luggage  found  between 
Wolverton  and  London  is  without  delay  for- 
warded to  the  latter  station,  all  between  Wol- 
verton  and  Bii^min^ham  to  Blrmiogham,  and 
so  on.  -^  It  ia  possible,  however,  that  the  above 
orders  may  not  have  been  attended  to,  and 
therefore,  as  a  last  resource,  the  superinten- 
dent of  the  Lost  Luggage  Office  at  Euston 
Stiition  writes  to  three  hundred  and  ten 
stations  ou  forty-two  lines  of  rail  to  inquire 
after  a  lost  article,  be  it  ever  so  small,  and  if 
it  be  at  none  of  these  stations,  a  letter  is  then 
addrraseii  to  the  owner,  infonning  him  that 
his  lost  property  i»  not  oti  the  railway ^ 

We  are  sorrj'  to  fin«l  that  the  public  do  not 
always  show  themselves  so  conscientious  a* 
the  companiss.  Tliey  are,  as  carriers  liable — 
under  certain  circumstances — to  make  good 
the  losses  of  their  customers ;  and  in  some 
cases  articles  are  no  sootier  missing  than  an 
apparent  eagerness  to  turn  them  into  cash  is 
displayed.  A  demand  for  pLyment  is  seat* 
Tlie  managers  demur,  and  ask  mr  i>articulars ; 
then  arrives  a  long  liet  of  contents — value  to 
the  highest  possible  amount  is  set  upon  every 
describable  thing,  and  after  many  prot  and 
coTu^  a  settlement  is  generally  mwle  upon  a 
very  reduced  scale  of  charges.  One  such 
demand  was  sent  in  the  other  day  by  an 
elderly  bdy  and  her  sbter,  who  said  they  had 
lost  a  box  of  apparel.  They  set  the  contents 
down  at  thirty  pounds  prime  cost.  Upon  the 
eve  of  payment  of  a  simi  something  approaching 
to  thia  demanil,  the  box  was  recovered  and 


to  thOflOM- 


y> 


wki^v^  hectt  b«t  m  tk»  MrviRv  n'  tile 
fiWMiiiiiii  u,  •tWFMoiBf  Soeietr^Moii^ 
Iht  IMS.  It  KftvioK,  hawmr^  boat  Mcer- 
IriMi  IImA  A  Crar  of  Ae  raavvf  BCB  vho  kwl 
Mf^  orift  pttrduMcd  the  miter  pattkm  «f 
liit  MtfaUiL  if  hm  hem  Settrmmed  hmm- 


4«  this  pityptttT  br 

icrvMita  M«  not  aUonred  to  b« 
ib«y  cm  B#  iBtwA*  dofv*  n^ 
mrtt  wkiteiTBr  IriMii  toil  pnncftj. 
The  qiiaBli^  ttd  vmlue  of  ptmwiljp  thn 
,  evvn  ftller  pawing  thraogh  As 

«Ad  vhfl»  il  mpiiaei^  it  maty 
10  i^aBe»  o«cr  « liil  of  tile 

vBt    Ttty   fMKlllly 


"uof  IUd'a  Attire,  S0»  ArtidM; 

i:      CotoU   17;    Bookie   136; 
• ;  C^nl  (hM,  7;  Cmhiom^  SO : 

'  ^«  i  OMlnMiWlMet;  Boi«^  8; 


..i     ia 


4 


,  Mir  XMH,  Itai  •  MMBiMlf- 
«Mt9h•Ma^th  lih»  JIM  im^ 
MM  if  MMi  af«rlh»  Jmt  if  a 

kiiJ,  bM  dh^^MVMl  the 


jmmg  Sufkytho^AH  ihM&tiiftfii^  I 
Md  a  spirited  haA,  who  eouU  bMr 


fdtlMitiT  in  ft  daj^  httifet, 
to  lift  armdguy  of  m 
He  *      ' 


tnde^ 


MeoiidMgtT  flung 


1)0  boBwftinreJL 

hM  nii^  bbc^ 
exdia&ged  H  far  a  suit  of 
Bghl  bMnni,  with  hbaB^mokmptvmmad  dkKfwtm, 
«Med|,  and  Apnnie  miAk  MWilMM  wHh 
■DM  huttoiMirops  aC'  StmdMiL  V  he  elw- 
dcned  eU  devgn  of  Odnkm  ih  th»  K»w,  h» 
«M  deterndnod  to  melee  m  l^fvre  to  eetee 
other  wftjr,  and  to  do  eoMifthhiK  worthy  of 


hitibe 


After  the  bstHo  of 

BMroflSlS^theBtiti^ 
the  atinoot  pitch  of 


wlthth^l 


CbArln  OieJuBJi>.J 


KEMEDY  FOR  COLLIEEY  EXPLOSIONS. 


3£3 


ings  of  OQT  brave  amiy,  dariiig  tlie  celebrated 
retreat  of  November,  wlieu  they  had  to 
eodare  contiuuouu  storms  of  cutting  wind  and 
rjiiii,  while  sti*U|:?gling  through  alinoet  impoBS- 
liUe  roada,  and  exiwrienciiig^  guffeiing»  from 
ffuumo  more  terrible  than  the  haniaaiofi  guoB 
of  the  eiieraj.  At  length  the  arm^  having 
retreated  upi>n  Ciudad  Kodrigo,  waa  in  safety. 
And  went  tuto  cautoiioieuts  on  the  Coa  and 
tb^  Aguedx 

Hearing,  and  takiiig  a  "  Briton^s  *•  inl^reBt 
in  alt  these  thin^,  our  young  butcher  of 
Slough  bethought  liunaelf  that  perhaps  the 
tnofit  acceptable  present  that  could  be  made 
at  Cbriatiiuw  to  the  Commander-in-Chief  of 
the  EnflUh  forces,  under  such  clrcumstancea, 
would  be  a  good  piece  of  hnme-fed  beef.  He 
wleeted  a  fat  ana  maguificent  "  baron/'  with 
which  he  raweeded  forthwith  to  the  Hoi-se 
Ouardct.  Having  made  known  hia  wiiih,  and 
deposited  hb  Cknatinaa  preseot,  Uie  mighty 
**  baron  "  waii  forwarded  oy  the  moat  apeedy 
meaua  that  offered. 

The  **baron-*^  whom,  all  good  fortune  at- 
tended, arrived  at  head  ouartera  in  the  very 
nick  of  time;  and  the  Commaiider-in-Chief 
jind  hia  sta^  maJa  their  Chriatmafl  din- 
ner from  the  welcome  amplitude.  By  the 
ne^  despatchea  that  reached  home,  the  de- 
lighted yfouBg  butcher  of  Slough  received  a 
precious  letter  of  thanka  in  the  Marquis  of 
Welliiigtou'ij  own  hanti,  wherein  he  descril^ed 
tlie  excellent  and  joyous  diimer  that  he  aunl 
his  staff  had  made  nt^m  the  "  Eoast-beef  of 
Old  England  "  and  said  that  they  had  Dev<»r 
enjoyed  anything  half  bo  much  m  all  their 
Uvea,  and  ihivt  they  haj  all  drunk  to  the 
health  ol'  Edward  Shirley,  the  patriotic  donor ; 
AS  we  hot>e  to  drink  to  the  brave  old  Ihtke 
himself,  tiiiA  present  Chriatmaa,  wishing  that 
hv  may  Hre  long,  and  die  happy. 


DEATH  IN  TffE  BR  BAD-BASKET, 

Evert  one  knows  how  different  home-made 
bread  \a  in  flavour  and  sweetness  to  that  pro- 
cured at  the  bake-house.  In  making  bread 
at  home,  we  use  nothing  but  Hour,  water, 
yea«t  and  aalt  The  bakers  Bometimea  add 
potatoea,  alum,  magnesia,  and  other  sub- 
stances, to  give  it  a  white  appeaj-ance  and 
impart  lightness.  Alum  is  hifgelv  uaed,  not 
as  an  adulteration  of  itself  but  tor  the  pur- 
pose of  enabling  them  to  work  up  and  whiten 
an  inferior  flour  to  mix  with  that  of  a  better 
quality.  Ask  a  baker  why  he  nuts  alum  ?  he 
tells  ^ou  "it  keeps  water  and  raiaea  well," 
meamug,  we  suppose,  that  it  improvea  the 
look  of  the  breaa,  rendering  ii  turner  and 
whiter. 

This  alumed  bread  might  noL  perhaps,  hui^t 
Ik  stout  labourer,  whoee  healthy  digestive 
torgana  would  be  strong  eitough  almoet  to 
OQAvart  leather  into  nutriment,  but  Cbr  peraons 
of  aedantary  habita  or  in£rm  conatitations,  tt 
IB  a  Tery  serioua  matter  to  have  their  dhges- 
tfye  process  daily  yitiaied  by  damaged  flour. 


whitened  with  idum.  The  quantity  of  jdnm 
is  always  profHortionate  to  th*.'  bjwluess  of  the 
floui*,  and  heuce,  when  the  best  flour  is  uaeil, 
no  alum  need  be  introduced.  ''  That  alum  is 
uot  necesaary,*'  sayw  Dr.  Ure,  "  f*»r  givinc 
bread  its  utmost  beauty,  Bponginef^a.  and 
agreeable  taate,  ia  undoubtt  1  '  ^  '  '  oread 
baked  at  a  very  extendi ve  uut  in 

Glasgow,  in  which  about  tv\*..L,  .  ..^  -jf  flour 
are  regularly  converted  into  loaves  iu  the 
course  of  a  week,  imite  every  qunlity  of 
appearance  with  absolute  freedom  from  thai 
actdo-aatriiijrent  drag." 

Some  of  the  adulterations  of  floui  are  raa*le 
by  the  baker ;  othera  by  the  wholesale  flour 
dealers  who, in  large to^iTia,  supply  the  bakers 
with  the  com  ready  ground. 

We  observed  a  little  time  '^         *  lie 

papers,  an  account  of  a  gen  1 1  t j  • 

ever  he  visited  Newcastle- uii*k »  x.  >  1- 

shire,  was  invariably  seized  \\itli  na 

in  the  stomach ;  he  suspected  it  w;  i  i jV 

the  bread  he  had  eaten<  This  i^l  to  ac 
inquiry,  and  the  bread,  upon  analysis,  was 
found  to  contain  Pl&ater  of  Paris. 

The  baker  declai-ed  his  iunoceuoe  ;  but  on 
searching  the  miUer*a  premises  from  whence 
the  flour  waa  procurea,  a  lar^e  qiiautity  of 
this  substance  waa  found,  which  led  to  his 
being  mulct  of  a  considerable  sum  ia  the 
shape  of  a  finei  Not  a  very  pleaftant  thing 
to  have  one's  atomach  walled  up  with  Plaster 
of  Palis  I  it  may  be  very  good  to  keep  the 
damp  from  our  houses,  bat  not  so  agreeable 
to  line  the  imier  man  with. 


A  RKMEDT  FOR  COLLIERY  EXPLOSIOSB. 

Sir, — Having  read  iu  the  37th  number  of 
the  "  Housolwld  Words  *'  a  cord  miaer's  evi- 
dence, I  take  the  liberty  of  fon^'ardlng  for 
insertion  a  suggestion  to  relieve  the  pits  from 
huge  accumulations  of  gas,  and  thus  render 
them  aai'er  than  under  the  present  s>'itom  of 
working, 

I  have  attended  two  or  three  inquests  which 
have  been  held,  upon  the  unfortunate  miners 
who  had  lost  their  lives  in  following  theiiulan- 
gerous  calling,  t  have  imUi  grwit  attention  to 
the  details  ;  and  though  it  has  beeu  my  lot  to 
listen  to  the  cviileiice  of  some  men  who  hiid 
been  burnt  by  the  explosion,  luid  if  others 
who  had  lost  sons  by  either  the  fii^  or  the 
after-daiup,  I  never  heard  these  men  com- 
plain of  a  want  of  ventilation,  or  of  the 
neglect  of  the  owners  or  viewers  in  taking 
every  precaution  to  provide  for  their  safety. 
How  is  it,  then,  that  the  public  is  so  oft«a 
horror-fitmck  by  such  awful  ca.ta&tropheB  as 
are  continually  occurring  ?  The  "  viewers  *' 
are  all  agreed  that  a  suihcient  cun-ent  of  air 
circulates  through  the  workiugi? ;  that  in 
djin^tjroua  ports  cantllea  are  strictly  pro- 
hibited ;  that  in  some  pita  known  *  '  *  '"re 
than  usually  fiery,  an  aihiitiouid  {  is 

taken  iu  placing  a  barometer  at  c  jiu 

of  the  skafl,  &e  indications  of  which  are 


324 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


CCmdum  4  hr 


i^egifltered  by  the  overmen  three  t'lmoa  a  tlay  ; 
It  Leing  well  known  that  a  diminution  of  atmo- 
«[:>herio  presaure  would  allow  the  gaa  to  escape 
more  readily  from  the  "  ^oaf "  into  the  woric- 
hig8.  Ileue*?  when  there  is  a  sudden  fall  in  the 
r>ai'oineU'r,  the  overmen  are  more  careful  and 
watchful  than  on  ordinaiy  occasions.  And 
the  e\ndcnce  of  the  miners  confirms  that  of  tlie 
viewers,  Tliey  almost  invariably  state  that 
all  hajs  l>een  iloiie  which  science  could  suggest 
or  forethought  devise.  Yet,  from  Bomc  un- 
explained or  nnexpectttd  caime,  a  blast  takes 
nlace^  and  uunil>eris  of  men  and  boys  are 
mirried  in  a  laoiiieut  into  eternity.  After  the 
misfortune  the  j)it  is  closely  examined  by 
viewers  from  distant  parts.  No  fiiult  can  be 
foimd  with  the  ventilation ;  eighteen  or  twenty 
thousand  cubic  feet  of  air  pass  through  the 
workings  in  the  apace  of  one  minute,  and 
nil  is  myater}'  as  to  how  the  explosion  took 
[ilace^  except  it  had  been  traced  to  the 
ejurelesBuesa  of  some  of  the  workmen.  This 
is  the  oft-repeated  testimony  given  before  the 
coroner,  A  verdict  of  **  accidental  death  " 
is  returned,  or  sometimes  the  gas  was 
stifipeoted  to  have  fire<l  at  one  of  the  men's 
candles^  which  pJ^Hr  wji«  of  course  certain 
to  Ikave  been  killed,  and  there  the  matter 
ends. 

All  this  proves  very  clearly  tlmt  something 
more  is  required  for  safety,  and  that  other 


iliustmiion,  I  will  suppose  it  will  be  amtlar 
to  an  inverted  water  bowl^  the  gas  being' 
collected  in  tho  inside,  and  prevenced  from 
escaping  by  the  pressure  of  the  atmosphere 
round  the  edges.  It  is  also  found  that  if  a 
cert-ain  quantity  of  tdr  can  be  driven  through 
the  mine,  even  should  there  be  a  small  escnpe 
of  gas  fr^jm  the  goaf,  it  will  do  no  hami,  pro- 
vided it  is  dilute*!  with  aii-  holow  the  explosive 
point.  Now  here  is  the  theory  of  working : 
if  a  good  current  of  air  be  maintiiined,  and 
Davy  lanqw  are  u»t?d  in  dangerous  places 
with  properly  Htop[K?d  trap  doora,  an  ex- 
plosion cannot  hapi>pn,  as  the  hmp  gives 
certain  indicatious  of  the  presence  of  gaa, 
which,  if  properly  attended  to,  warn  the  miner 
that  he  ought  to  retire.  From  the  unanimous 
evidence  of  the  viewers  it  appears  thi*t  np 
explosion  has  ever  been  tracea  to  a  properly- 
construoted  Davy  lamp.  But  in  Bjiite  of  all 
this  they  ai*e  continually  taking  place  from  the 
proxinxity  of  naked  lights  in  parts  where 
candles  are  prohibited  ;  and  it  tiierefore  be- 
comes a  question  whether  some  means  could 
not  lie  devbed  fi^r  carrving  off  the  greater 
portion  of  the  gaa  from  the  goafs — at  least  so 
much  as  to  keep  them  under  control — and 
disposing  of  it  in  a  mamier  which  would 
render  it  hamiless.  It  is  frequently  given  in 
evidence  that  the  men  are  careless,  and,  trust- 
ing to  the  measures  adopted  by  the  viewere 


precautions  than  those  usually  adopted  are  for  safety,  are  too  apt  to  conclude  that  they 


needed  to  stop  the  invasion  of  the  death 
defdujg  bln.st,  and  no  less  dangerous  and  in- 
sidlous  afler-danip,  which  too  surely  follows 
the  track  of  the  tire,  and  completes  what  the 
explofdon  may  have  left  untinished. 

It  may  be  necessary  for  the  information  of 
some  of  your  readers  to  explain  the  method 
of  working  pita  in  Northuml)erland  and  Dur- 
hiim.  In  large  collieries  there  are  generally 
two  shafts — a  down-cast  and  an  iijvcast  ahafl. 
In  the  former,  the  air  desceiuis  into  the  work- 
iugg,  b  conducted  along  the  main  air-courge 
to  the  diflerent  jwirts,  and  is  finally  expelled 
by  the  up-caat  shaft.  There  is  a  furnace  con- 
tinually Durning  to  keep  the  current  m  circu- 
lattoii,  which  is  of  coiiHiderable  iiuportanct? ; 
for  if  it  was  Btoppc<l,  the  air  would  remain  in 
the  workings^  but  would  not  be  renewed,  and 
therefore  become  charged  with  gas.  There 
are  two  parts  of  the  mine,  called  by  the  names 
of  the  ^  whole  "  and  the  **  bniken."  The 
brokcti  is  the  most  dangerous  portion,  being 
the  spaces  from  whence  the  coal  has  been 
abstracted  in  the  form  of  chambers,  leaving 
pillars  standing  at  intervals  to  support  the 
roof.  In  the  latest  method  of  working,  there 
are  vacant  spaces  left  which  are  called  "  goafs," 
and  in  which  the  gM  accumulates.  This  gas 
being  carburetted  hydrogen  b  much  lighter 
in  specific  graiaty  than  common  air,  and  has 
a  tendency  to  rise  to  the  roof  of  the  mine. 
This  tendency  is  taken  advantage  of,  and 
goafe  are  ccmstmcted  in  particular  portions 
as  reeer\''oirs.  The  form  of  the  goaf  is  that 
of  the  interior  of  a  dome.    For  the  sake  of 


are  perfectly  safe,  when  it  must  occur  to 
every  reflecting  mind,  that  even  suppoong 
the  viewcra  have  done  their  duty — and  I  be- 
lieve the  present  viewers  are,  as  a  body,  well 
grounded  in  science — the  work  is  but  haH" 
performed,  if  the  men  do  not  second  the 
efforts  of  their  directors  by  carefiLlncsa  and 
vigilance.  A  dozen  viewers  might  recom- 
mend  particular  systems,  each  of  which  would 
l>e  safe  ;  but  otte  mtm  may  overturn  all  their 
precautions,  and  cause  an  accident,  to  prevent 
wliich  hundreds  of  pounds  may  have  been 
expended. 

It  will  be  evident,  without  further  prrtof, 
that  the  only  certain  method  will  be  to  rid 
the  mines  of  those  magazines  of  gas  as  far  as 
h  pmcticijble.  I  call  them  "  magazines/^ 
because  they  are  just  as  dangerous  in  the 
vicinity  ot  cjindlea  as  a  magazine  of  gunpowder 
would  lie.  In  the  Houghton  pit^ — Wiere  a 
late  explosion  took  place  by  the  gas  flrittg  at 
a  naked  light,  and  by  which  twenty-seven 
lives  were  lost — has  four  goa&  j  two  of 
eighteen  acres  each  in  extent,  one  of  seven, 
and  one  of  four  acres.  Just  imagine  eighteen 
acres  of  combustible  gas,  ready  to  fire  the 
moment  that  it  received  a  certain  mixture  of 
atmospheric  air  !  and  the  only  wonder  b  that 
expioBiona  are  not  still  more  frequent. 

Now,  I  conceive  that  the  greater  portion 
of  this  gas  might  be  discharged.  The  VQry 
essentials  for  such  a  process  ai-c  half  com- 
pletwl  to  our  hands.  These  goafs  are  im- 
mense domes,  brim-full  of  explosive  gas,  though 
in  an  in  veiled  position.      It  ctimiot  expl(>de 


L>Uke«4^1 


THE  HEAltT  OF  JOiTN  MIBDLETON. 


335 


witiiotit  a  Ughty  aud  also  the  preneooe  of  a  cer- 
tain amount  of  oxvgen  gns,  or  atinospberic  air, 
which  eontauts  the  requisite  quantity.  The 
gaa  is  light>  and  remun»  in  the  dome  as  sure 
as  water  will  remain  in  a  basin  into  which  it 
haa  been  pour&d.  My  suggestion  la,  not  to 
alter  or  amend  any  of  the  usual  precautions 
as  to  ventUatiou,  but  to  bore  in  addition  an 
Artflftiftn  well — to  make  a  hole  of  a  smidl 
diuneter  in  the  earth,  above  tlie  i^eutre  of 
eachffoaf,  and  continue  boring  until  it  pierces 
into  tne  goaf  It  might  be  eifected  by  meaua 
of  boring-rods.  Then  there  would  bs  a  vent 
through  which  the  gaa  would  riiw,  and  be 
dealt  with,  aa  thought  proper,  on  the  surilice 
of  the  ground,  by  bummg  or  otherwise,  like 
an  iiunieuso  gas  light.  'Hiat  it  would  do  so 
is  alreiidy  tried,  for  at  one  of  the  Wallsend 
piti^  near  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  gas  is  conti^ 
uiuwy  burning  from  a  large  pipe  brought  up 
the  shaft, 

The  above  is  the  whole  auggeatiou*  It  is 
not  proposed  to  relax  any  of  the  ordinary 
]>recautiona^  but  only  to  make  uae  of  an  addi- 
tional meium  of  getting  tid  of  the  gas.  It 
survly  merits  a  trial ;  and  the  expense  of 
boring  thix»ugh  to  all  the  goaia  in  tne  king- 
dom would  1^  nothing  in  compariaon  to  the 
saviDg  of  life.  Li  the  present  day,  when  in- 
spectors are  appointed  by  Govenuneut,  every 
meaiis  likely  to  lessen  the  firequency  of 
ttXpLosions  should  be  tested,  ancL  if  found  to 
be  dfectivej  ought  to  b©  adopted!  by  all  coal- 
owners. 

If  you  think  this  suggestion  worthy  of 
notice,  you  will  pei'luips  give  it  publicity 
through  the  medium  of  your  widely-eitend^ 
Journal.  Make  it  ^'aa  fa^nilinr  as  Household 
Words,"  and  it  may  catch  the  e^e  of  some  one 


who  haa  the  opportunity  of  giving  it  a  trial, 
and  who  might  report  tLe  results  in  the  same 
maimer,  for  the  gooii  of  the  fluiferiug  miner. 


NEW  YfLUl'S  EVE. 

Ksv  Yesr  I  New  Year !  como  over  the 

A  thousand  cioogB  call  to  thoe  I 
A  thouoBLnd  circles  wait  theo  now, 

A  thousiind  fireaides  woo  thee  ! 
The  night  is  lieteniug  for  the  bcUs, 
The  doora  are  i^ide  where  the  poor  man  dwellsj 
Tho  cottage  glows,  the  mansion  gleams. 
And  dujBiky  red  o'er  the  deep  snow  streamt. 
Old  Time  mis  mate  in  his  gumt  place. 
They  watch  his  motions,  they  mark  his  fiicc. 
He  BtartH  i  he  colU  *  and  s  merry,  merry  din 
Of  votCTS  and  bells  brings  tho  New  Year  in. 

Happy  New  Year  I  Happy  New  Tear ! 
Uivu  us  all  things  kind  and  dear. 
And  when  thou  art  laid  in  earth — 
May  thy  death  be  as  bhthc  as  thy  birth. 

Old  Year  !  Old  Year  !  sink  down  in  thy  vaultfly 

All  n»iure  doth  eschew  thee — 
lie  buried  with  ail  thy  meeds  and  faQll% 

For  Qothiag  can  ranew  thee ! 
Light  ire  Uio  feet  that  danoo  thee  dead  ! 
Henry  the  music  that  rolls  o'er  thy  head  t 


Die  with  thy  Isst,  loving  glance  on  them, 

Whose  joyance  is  tliy  regimen. 

Farewell,  farewell^  all  good  or  111 

Th.it  thou  hiist  ftown,  will  thy  son  fulfil  ; 

Give  him  a  lost  word  now,  to  heed 

The  good  and  shun  the  evil  seed. 

Farewell,  Old  Year  !  Rircwell,  Old  Tear ! 
Many  a  bright  eye  owes  thoe  a  tear  * 
Thou  wilt  never  sgam  have  birth : 
Husli  thee  calm  in  the  bcwoui  of  earth. 

New  Year  !  New  Year  I  come  sit  at  tho  feast, 
A  thou!«and  hands  prepare  thee  ! 

Tills  night  shall  all  men  ad  I  thee  gueit. 
This  night  may  oil  men  share  thee ; 

Soon  may  we  know  thee  tried  and  tnis ; 

Give  to  the  student  his  wreath  in  view  t 

Give  to  the  lover  his  yearning  bride  ! 

Soon  may  we  know  the  true  and  tried — 

Make  free  the  slave,  and  make  the  £reo 

Learn  all  tho  duties  of  charity  ; 

Let  pride  die  off,  let  love  increase. 

And  prosper  all  tho  ways  of  peace  1 

Happy  New  Year  1  Happy  New  Year  ! 
Give  us  all  tilings  kind  and  dear. 
And  wheu  thou  art  hud  in  earth — 
May  thy  death  be  m  blithe  aa  thy  birth. 


THE  HEART  OF  JOHN  SnDDLETON. 


I  WAS  bom  at  Sawley,  where  the  shadow 
of  Pendle  Hill  falls  at  sunrise.  I  s\tpp<rt© 
Sawley  sprang  up  into  a  village  in  tlie  time  of 
the  monks,  who  had  an  abbey  there.  Many 
of  the  cottages  are  Strang  old  places  ;  othera 
a^^ain  are  budt  of  the  abbey  atones,  mixed  up 
with  the  shale  from  the  neighbouring  quar- 
ries ;  and  yuu  may  see  many  a  quaijit  bit  of 
carving  worked  into  the  walk,  or  forming  the 
lintels  of  the  doors.  There  is  a  row 
houses,  built  still  more  recently,  where 
Mr,  Peel  came  to  live  there  for  tlie  sake 
the  water-power,  and  gave  the  place  a 
into  Bomethlng  Like  life  ;  though  a  diflei 
kind  of  life^  a5  I  take  it,  from  the  grand 
ways  folks  had  when  the  monks  were  about," 

Now  it  was — six  o'clock,  ring  the  bell, 
tljjroiig  to  the  factory  ;  sharp  home  at  twelve^ 
and  even  at  night,  when  work  was  done, 
hardly  kiiew  how  to  walk  slowly,  we  had  ht  ^ 
8o  bustled  all  day  long.  I  can  t  recollect  th™ 
time  when  I  did  not  go  to  the  factory.  My 
father  use<l  to  drag  me  there  when  I  was 
quite  a  little  fellow,  in  order  to  wind  reels  for 
him.  1  never  remcnil)er  my  mother.  I  should 
liave  been  a  better  man  than  I  hnve  been,  if  I 
bad  only  had  a  notion  of  the  sound  of  her 
\'oice,  or  the  look  on  her  face. 

My  father  and  I  kxiged  in  tho  house  of  a 
man,  who  also  worked  in  the  factory.  We 
were  sadly  thronged  in  Sawley,  so  many  people 
came  from  different  parts  of  the  country  to 
earn  a  Uvelibood  at  the  new  work ;  and  it 
was  some  time  before  the  row  of  cottages  I 
have  spoken  of  could  be  built.  Wliile  th^ 
were  building  my  father  was  turned  out  of 
his  lodgiDcs  for  drinkinc  and  being  disorderly, 
and  he  and  I  slept  in  the  brick-m^ln  ;  that  m 
to  say,  when  we  did  sleep  o'  nights ;  but« 


HOUSEHOLD  WOKDa 


tetonlnnatfky 


» 


I 


I  waa  h 


often  und  oft^m,  rve  "went  poftching ;  and  many 
M.  bare  and  pheos^mt  have  I  rolled  up  in  day* 
lAd  roasted  b  tbe  embers  of  the  kilti.  Thau, 
AA  followed  to  reason,  I  wsb  drowey  next  day, 
over  my  work  ;  but  ihtlier  huA  no  luercy  od 
me  for  sleeping,  for  all  lie  knew  the  cause  of 
it,  but  kicked  me  where  I  lay, »  heavy  lump 
on  the  factory-fioor,  and  carsed  aod  twota  at 
me  till  I  got  up  for  very  fear,  and.  to  my 
winding  again.  But  when  his  back  was 
turned  1  paid  him  off  with  heavier  curses 
than  he  had  ^vt^n  me,  and  longed  to  be  a  man 
that  1  might  be  revenged  on  him*  The  words 
I  then  spoke  I  would  not  now  dare  to  repeat ; 
jUid  worse  than  hating  worda^  a  hating  heart 
went  witli  them,  I  forget  the  time  when  I 
did  nut  know  how  to  hate.  When  I  fint  came 
to  read  and  learnt  about  lahmael,  I  thought  I 
must  be  of  hia  doomed  race,  for  my  hand  waa 
against  every  man,  and  ever)*  man*i!  agiunst 
me.  But  1  was  seventeen  or  m<.»re  Wfore 
I  etJted  ibr  m^*  book  enough  to  learu  to 
read. 

After  the  row  of  works  waa  finished,  father 
took  one,  and  8f?t  up  for  himself,  in  letting 
lodgings.  I  eanU  (jay  much  for  the  funiiah- 
ing ;  hut  there  wm  plenty  of  straw,  and  we 
kept  up  good  fli'es ;  and  there  is  a  set  of 
people  who  value  warmth  altove  everything. 
The  woivt  lot  about  the  place  lodged  ^ith  ua. 
We  used  to  ha%'e  a  supper  in  the  middle 
of  the  night ;  there  was  game  enough,  or  if 
there  waa  not  game,  there  was  poultry  to  be 
hatl  for  the  stealing.  By  day  we  all  made  a 
show  of  working  in  the  &LCtor5%  By  night  we 
feasted  and  drank. 

Now  this  web  of  my  life  was  black  enough 
and  ooorae  enough  ;  but  by  and  by,  a  little 

Slden  filmy  thread  began  to  be  woven  in ;  the 
iWn  of  God's  mercy  was  at  hand. 

One  blowy  Octolwr  morulng,  as  I  Bauuicred 
laaily  along  to  the  mill,  I  eame  to  the  little 
wooden  bridge  over  a  brook  that  falb  into  the 
Bribble.  On  the  plaok  there  stood  u  chiKI, 
balimcing  the  pitcher  on  her  head,  with  whicb 
she  had  been  to  fetch  water.  She  was  so  light 
on  her  feet  that,  had  it  not  been  for  the  weight 
of  the  pitcher,  I  almoBt  believe  the  wind  woidd 
have  taken  her  up,  and  wafted  her  away  sa  it 
carries  off  a  blow-ball  in  seed-time  ;  her  blue 
ooLtou  dress  waa  blown  before  her,  as  if  she 
were  spreading  her  wings  for  a  flight ;  she 
turned  her  face  round,  as  if  to  ask  me  fur 
aomething,  but  when  she  saw  who  it  was  she 
htjaitated,  for  I  had  a  bad  name  in  the  village, 
and  I  doubt  not  she  had  been  warned  against 
me«  But  her  heart  was  too  innocent  to  be 
distrustful ;  so  she  Rrvid  to  me  timidly, 

"  Pleasei,  John  Middleton,  will  vou  carry 
me  this  heavy  jug  just  over  the  britlge  1 " 

It  waa  the  very  linst  time  I  had  ever  been 
spoken  to  gently.  I  was  ordered  here  and 
there  by  my  futher  and  his  rough  companions  ; 
I  was  abused  and  cursed  by  them  if  I  failed  in 
doing  what  they  wished  ;  if  I  succeeded,  there 
came  no  expression  of  thanks  or  mratltude. 
I  was  iaformed  of  facte  neceesATf  ^r  me  to 


know.  But  the  gentle  words  of 
entreaty  were  aforetime  nnknown  lo  me, 
and  now  thdr  tonce  fell  on  niv  ear  sell  mid 
sweet  9M  ft  dietafit  p«?al  of  b<?ll*  I  wiffHed 
that  I  knew  how  to  speak  pT.  v  ; 

but  thouL'h  we  were  of  the  -^  'U 

re,i::,ii  '  -  ■  '  "  '  '  .im8tju)c<'s,  iiicre  was 
soiii  Lnrtween   us,   whi^ 

ma'l<   iii'-  '.i.t.M..  L..  ^-jM-ak  in  her  1 "•■••i*  of 

Boft  woiils  and  mt>de8t  entreaty, 
nothing  for  me  but  to  take  up  th  ,  :  „,.  lu 
a  kind  of  gniff,  shy  ftiience,  and  caiTy  it  over 
the  hridge  as  she  htul  naked  me.  When  I 
gave  rt  her  back  a^ain,  she  tliauked  me  and 
tripped  away,  leariM  me,  wunl-lts*,  gaiing 
aflurher  like  an  awkward  lr>ut  sal  waa.  X 
knew  well  enough  who  she  was.  She  waa 
grandchild  to  lileattor  Ha<lHeld^  aa  aged 
woman,  w1k>  wae  refnieil  an  a  witch  by  my 
fkther  and  his  eet,  fiw-  no  other  n»iean,  thai  I 
can  make  out,  than  her  scorn,  dignitj,  aad 
fearlessneflS  of  rancour.  It  was  time  we  often 
met  her  in  the  grey  dawn  of  the  monuag 
when  we  retumeil  iVom  poaching,  and  way 
father  used  to  curse  her,  under  jus  brealh, 
for  a  witch- such  aa  were  burnt*,  Icing  a|p,  en 
Pendle  Hill  top;  but  I  harl  heani  that 
Eleanor  was  a  skilful  aiek  nurses  ;uid  ever 
ready  to  ffive  her  services  to  th«>  re 

HI;  and  f  beHcre  that  she  had  i  it; 

up  through  the  night  (the  ri     '  v^.  had 

been   sj>ending  under  the  ^  •«%  in 

deetlsaa  wild),  with  those  wlju  .., .  ..j.poiuCed 
to  die.  NeUy  was  her  oii^liiai  grandilaxighfiar; 
her  httle  hand-maiden ;  Ler  trttasure ;  her 
one  ewe  latub.  Many  and  many  a  day  have 
I  watched  by  the  Vnxrtik-side,  hoping  thsu 
some  happy  gust  of  win<l,  ctimrng  with  oppor- 
tune blaster  down  the  hollow  of  the  oale, 
might  make  me  necei«ai'y  ouec  more  to  Imt. 
I  lou^wl  to  hear  her  speak  to  me  a^un.  I 
said  the  wortls  she  hjwl  «  "\  iijing 

to  catch    her    tone  ;   1  i  never 

came  n^^ain.     I  do  not    .  >   ......    -.le  ever 

knew  how  I  watched  t'av  ]it'V  theiw  I  found 
out  that  she  wont  Uj  school,  and  nothiiig 
would  sei-vo  me  but  that  1  must  go  too.  My 
father  scoffed  at  me  ;  I  did  not  care,  1  knew 
nought  of  what  reading  waa,  nor  that  it  waa 
likel^  that  I  should  be  laughed  at  j  F«  a  great 
hulking  lad  of  seventeen  or  upwards,  for 
^oUig  to  learn  my  A,  B,  C,  in  the  initlst  of  a 
crowd  of  little  ones.  1  stood  just  this  way 
in  my  mind.  Nelly  waa  at  ^'h<>ol ;  it  was 
tlie  beat  place  for  seeing  her,  and  heai'^ing  her 
voice  again.  Therefore  I  would  go  tJtx>.  My 
father  tidked,  and  swoi^j,  and  threatened,  but 
I  stood  to  it.  He  said  I  should  leave  school, 
weary  of  it  in  a  month.  I  swore  a  deeper 
oath  than  I  like  to  remember,  that  I  would 
stay  a  year,  and  come  out  a  reader  and  a 
writer.  My  father  hated  the  notion  of  folka 
learning  to  read,  and  said  it  took  all  the 
spirit  out  of  them ;  besides,  he  thutxght  he 
had  a  right  to  every  penny  of  my  wai;»-s  and 
though,  when  he  waa  in  good  himioiir,  he 
might  have  given  me  many  a  jug  of  ale,  he 


THE  HEABT  OF  JOHN  MTBDLETON, 


me! 


grufjged  mj  two-penee  a  'wvek  for  sefaoaliiig. 
However,  to  school  I  went.  It  was  a  difiennt 
pl'toe  to  what  T  had  thought  it  before  I  went 
in*iiiie.  The  girls  sat  on  one  side  and  the  boyn 
vn  the  other ;  «o  I  was  not  near  Nelly.  She 
too  WAS  in  the  first  class  ;  I  was  put  with  the 
Kille  toddlinj;  things  that  coul<l  haT*lly  nm 
alcme,  Tlie  muster  sat  in  the  middle,  and  kept 
pnutty  strict  watch  orer  iw.  But  I  could  aee 
Nelly,  iind  hear  her  read  her  chapter;  and 
ertm  when  it  wa«  one  with  a  long  list  of  hard 
sam^  such  as  the  master  waa  very  fond  of 
ffiviug  her,  to  show  how  well  she  could  hit 
&em  off  without  9peUiiig,  I  thought  I  had 
never  heard  a  prettier  music.  Now  and  then 
«he  r*sad  other  things.  I  did  not  know  what 
they  were,  true  or  false ;  but  I  listened  be- 
cause she  read  ;  and,  by  and  hvi  (  b^an  to 
wonder.  1  remember  tbe  first  word  I  ever 
B))oke  to  her  was  to  ask  her  (as  we  were 
coming  out  of  school)  who  was  the  Father  of 
whom  she  had  been  reading,  for  when  she 
s.ud  the  words  "Our  Father,"  her  voice 
dropped  into  a  soft,  holy  kind  of  low  sotmd^ 
whica  struck  me  more  than  any  loud  reading, 
it  seemed  so  loving  and  tender.  When  I 
asked  her  this,  she  looked  at  me  with  her 
great  blue  wondeHng  eves,  at  first  shocked  ; 
a»d  tben^  as  it  were,  melteil  down  iuto  pity 
and  sorrow,  she  said  in  the  same  way,  below 
her  breath,  in  which  she  read  the  words  "  Our 
Tat  her," 

**  l>on  t  you  know  f    It  is  God." 

"Go<ir 

"  Yea  ;  tbe  God  that  grandmother  teUs  me 
about." 

" Tell  me  wh*t  she  says,  will  you ?"  So 
we  sat  do^Ti  on  the  hedge-bank,  she  a  little 
alK>ve  rae,  while  1  looked  up  into  her  fiw»,  and 
•he  told  me  all  the  holy  texts  her  crand- 
mother  had  tifiugfht  her,  as  explaining  all  that 
*      *'  *  *         "  'f  the  Almighty.   I  listened 

I  I  was  overwhelmed  with 
aatoruamuent.  inT  knowledge  was  principallv 
rote-knowledge  ;  she  wtib  too  young  for  much 
moTtf  •  but  we.  in  Lazicajshire^  spezuc  a  rough 
kind  of  Bible  Wguage^  and  the  texts  seemed 
verj'  clear  to  me.    I  rose  up,  dazed  and  over- 

rwered.  I  was  going  away  in  silence,  when 
bethought  me  of  my  mmmers,  and  turned 
back,  and  said  •*  Thank  you,**  for  the  first  time 
I  ever  remember  saying  it  in  my  life.  That 
was  a  great  day  for  me,  in  more  ways  thou  one. 
I  waa  always  one  who  could  keep  veir 
steady  to  an  obfect  when  once  I  had  set  it 
before  me.  Mr  object  was  to  know  Nelly.  I 
v--*^  4-., T. «.•;...!<  of  nothing  more.  But  it  made 
tall  other  thin;^8.  The  master 
i    ,  ,      "  little  ones  might  laugh  ;  I  bore 

it  all  without  giving  it  a  second  thought  I 
k#^t  to  my  year,  and  came  out  a  reaJer  and 
writ«"  J  more,  bowerer,  to  stand  well  in  Nelly's 
l^v^  opinion,  thsn  because  of  my  oath.  About 
•hi-T  committed  some  bad 
10  fiv  the  coontrv.  I  was 
|:i:i.i  iif  ^v.Ilt  ,  i,,r  i  haa  never  loved  Of  eared 
for  him,  and  wanted  to  shdte  myself  dear  of 


bis  let.  But  It  was  no  easy  matter.  Honest 
folk  stood  aloof;  only  had  men  hel)  »»♦  H«-li 
arms  to  roe  with  a  welcome,     1  :v 

seemed  to  have  a  mixture  of  (hu  th 

her  kind  ways  towards  me.  I  was  the  son  of 
John  Middleton,  who,  if  h**  vcvrf*  **n^ij]:ht» 
would  be  hung  at  Lancri  lit 

she  looked  at  me  somt  .        <t 

sorrowfW  horror.  Others  wi^e  not  lurbeui'ing 
enough  to  keep  their  expreaaion  of  i«eUng 
confined  to  looks.  The  son  of  lh«  overlooker 
at  the  mill  never  ceased  twittlnsf  roe  with  my 
father^s  crime  ;  he  now  brought  up  hia  poach* 
hig  against  him,  though  I  knew  yerr  well 
bow  mnny  a  good  sapper  he  himj?elf  had 
made  on  game  which  had  been  given  him  to 
make  him  and  his  father  wink  at  late  hom« 
in  the  mormng.  And  how  were  such  as  wuy 
6&ther  to  come  honestly  by  game  ? 

Tliis  lad,  Dick  Jackson,  was  the  liajie  of  my 
Ufa,  He  WAS  a  year  or  two  older  than  I  was, 
and  had  much  power  over  the  men  who 
worked  at  the  ruill,  as  he  could  rei>ort  to  his 
father  what  he  chose.  I  could  not  always 
hold  my  i>cace  when  he  **  threaped  *  me  with 


my  fiither  s  sins,  but  gave  it  him  back 
times  in  a  i^mi  of  piu9Bion.  It  did  me  no 
good  ;  only  threw  me  farther  from  the  com- 
pany of  better  men,  who  looked  agha«i  and 
ahocketl   at   the   oaths   I    poured    out — Wm- 

fhemoos  words  leftmt  in  my  childhornil,  which 
could  not  fo™t  now  that  I  wotdil  fain  have 
pTirified  myielf  of  them  ;  while  .ill  the  time 
Dick  Jackson  stood  by,  with  a  mo<zking  smile 
of  intelUgence ;  and  when  I  bail  ended,  breath- 
less and  weary  with  spent  passion,  iie  would 
turn  to  those  whose  respect  I  longed  to  earn, 
and  a^  if  I  were  not  a  worthy  son  of  my 
ftther,  and  likely  to  tread  in  his  step*.  But 
this  smiling  inditference  of  his  to  my  miserable 
vehemence  was  not  all,  tliough  it  wns  the 
worst  part  of  his  conduct,  for  it  made  the 
rankling  hatred  grow  up  in  my  heart,  and 
oversh.'wlow  it  like  the  great  gourd-tree  of  the 
prophet  Jonah.  But  h&  waa  a  merciful  shadcu 
keeping  out  the  burning  sun ;  mine  blighied 
what  it  fell  upon. 

What  Dick  Jackson  did  besides,  was  tMs, 
His  father  was  a  skilful  overlooker,  and  a 
good  man  ;  Mr.  Peel  value<l  bim  so  mndi, 
that  he  was  kept  on,  although  his  health  was 
fiiiling ;  and  when  lit?  was  unable,  through 
illness,  to  come  to  the  mill,  he  deputed  ma 
son  to  watch  over  and  report  the  men.  It 
was  too  much  power  forgone  se  prcwn^— I 
speak  it  calmly  now.  Whatever  Dick  Jaek- 
suQ  became,  he  had  strong  temptations  when 
he  was  young,  which  will  be  allowed  for 
hereafter.  But  at  the  time  of  which  I  am 
teUing,  my  hate  raged  like  a  fire.  *  1  believed 
that  he  was  the  one  sole  obstacle  to  my 
b^ng  received  as  tit  to  mix  with  good  and 
honest  men,  I  was  sick  of  crime  and  dis- 
onier,  and  would  fain  have  come  over  to  a 
ditferent  kind  of  life,  and  have  been  indus- 
trious, sober,  honest,  and  right-epoken,  (1  had 
no  idea  of  hi^er  virtue  ^tviS^^aA.  ^  fs«*r^ 


I 


I 


w 


SSfi 


HOUSEHOLD  WOKDa 


lCvUiuA»4^ 


I 

■i 


turn  Dick  Jackaou  met  me  with  his  aneerB. 
I  hai^e  walked  the  night  through,  m  the  old 
abbey  field,  plajxning  how  I  could  uut-wit 
him,  iUid  win  men's  respect  in  epite  of  him. 
Tlie  first  time  I  ever  prayed,  was  underneath 
the  ailent  stars^  kneeling  by  the  old  abl»ey 
w&IIm,  tlirowing  up  my  arms,  and  asking  God 
for  the  power  of  revenge  npon  him. 

I  had  heuoxi  that  if  I  prayetl  eame^tlv^  God 
would  give  me  what  I  aaked  for,  and  I  looked 
upon  it  as  a  kind  of  chance  for  the  fulfilment 
01  my  wisheB.  If  eameatueisa  would  have  won 
the  boon  for  me,  never  were  wicked  worda 
80  eameatly  spoken.  And  oh,  hkier  on,  my 
prayer  waa  heard,  and  my  wiah  granted  I  All 
this  time  I  saw  little  of  Nelly.  Her  grand- 
mother was  fzuling,  and  she  luul  mucli  to  do 
in^doors.  Btraideik  I  believeil  I  had  read  her 
looka  aright,  when  I  took  them  to  speak  of 
aversion  ;  and  I  planned  to  hide  myself  from 
her  aight,  as  it  were,  until  I  could  stand  ujj- 
right  before  men,  with  fearleaa  eyea,  dreading 
uo  face  of  accusation.  It  y^nia  |xwaible  to 
acquire  a  good  character ;  I  would  do  it — I 
did  it :  but  uo  one  brought  up  among  re.<ipect- 
able  untempied  i^eople  can  tell  the  unspeak- 
able hardness  of  the  task.  In  the  evenLnga  I 
would  not  go  forth  among  the  villag^j  thi-oug  ; 
for  the  aequidntances  that  claimed  me  were 
my  father's  old  ajisociates,  who  would  have 
been  gWl  enough  to  enlist  a  strong  young 
insm  like  me  in  their  projects  ;  ami  the  men 
who  would  havti  shunned  me  and  kept  aloof, 
were  the  steady  and  orderly.  So  I  staid  in- 
doors, and  practised  myself  in  tetuling.  You 
will  aay,  I  snould  have  found  it  eaaier  to  earn 
a  good  character  away  from  Sawley,  at  some 
place  where  neither  I  nor  my  father  was 
known.  So  I  should ;  but  it  would  not  have 
been  the  same  thing  to  my  mind.  Besides, 
representing  all  good  men,  all  guodness  to 
me,  in  Sawley  Nelly  lived.  In  lier  sight  I 
would  work  out  my  life,  auid  fight  my  way 
upwards  to  men's  resftect.  Two  years  passed 
OIL  Every  day  I  struvo  fiercely ;  every  day 
my  struggles  were  made  fruitieas  by  the  son 
of  the  overlooker  ;  and  I  seemed  but  where  I 
waa — but  where  I  must  ever  bo  esteemed  by 
all  who  knew  me — ^but  as  the  son  of  the 
criminal — wild,  reckless,  ripe  for  crime  myself. 
Where  was  the  use  of  my  reading  and  writing  ? 
Theae  acquirements  were  disregarded  and 
scouted  by  those  among  whom  I  was  thrutit 
back  to  take  my  nortion.  I  could  liave  read 
any  chapter  in  tne  Bible  now  ;  tmd  Nelly 
Beemed  aa  though  she  would  never  know  it. 
I  waa  driven  in  upon  my  books;  and  few 
enough  of  them  I  had.  The  petllars  brought 
them  round  in  their  packs,  and  I  bought  what 
1  could.  I  had  the  "  Seven  Champions,"  and 
the  "  Pilgrim's  Progress ;"  and  both  seemed 
to  me  equally  wonderful,  and  equally  founded 
on  feet  I  got  Byron's  "  Nat^rative,"  and 
MUton  s  "  Panulise  Lost ;"  but  I  lacked  the 
knowledge  which  would  give  a  clue  to  all. 
Still  they  afforded  me  pleasure,  because  they 
took  me  out  of  myself,  and  made  me  forget 


my  miserable  position,  and  made  me  uncon- 
Bcious  (fur  the  time  at  least,)  of  my  one  great 
passion  of  hatred  against  Dick  Jackst^n* 

When  Nelly  was  about  seventeen  her 
grandmother  died  I  stood  aloof  in  the  church- 
yard, behind  the  great  yew-tree,  and  watched 
the  fimeral.  It  was  the  first  religious  service 
that  ever  I  heard  ;  and,  to  my  shame,  as  I 
thought,  it  alTeoled  me  to  teare.  The  words 
stwnied  so  peaceful  and  holy  tbat  I  Inuged  to 
go  to  church,  but  I  durst  not,  because  I  luid 
never  beeu.  The  parish  church  was  at  Bolton, 
far  enough  away  to  serve  as  an  excuse  for  all 
who  did  not  care  to  go.  I  heard  Nelly's  soha 
filling  up  every  pause  in  the  clergyman'a 
voice ;  and  every  aob  of  hers  went  to  my 
heart,  ^he  passed  me  on  hur  way  out  of  the 
ehurchy:ird  ;  she  was  so  near  I  might  have 
touched  jfer ;  but  her  head  was  liangiitg  dow% 
and  I  durst  not  speak  to  her,  Then  the 
question  iu*ojit<,  wlmt  was  to  become  of  her  1 
She  must  earn  her  living ;  was  it  to  be  as  * 
farm-servant,  or  by  workmg  at  the  mill  1  I 
knew  enough  of  lK>th  kintu  of  life  to  make 
me  tremble  for  her.  My  wages  were  such  aa 
to  enable  me  to  marry,  if  I  chose  ;  and  I 
never  thought  of  woman,  for  my  wife,  but 
Nelly.  Still  I  would  not  have  maiTied  her 
now,  If  I  could ;  for,  as  yet,  I  had  not  risen 
to  the  character  which  1  determined  it  wi 
fit  that  Nelly's  husband  should  have.  Wh< 
I  was  rich  in  good  report,  I  w<»nl»l  come  for- 
wards, and  take  my  ehance  ;  but  until  then, 
I  would  hohl  my  peace,  I  had  fiiith  in  the 
jxiwer  of  my  Jong-continued  doggetl  breaatiug 
of  opinion.  Sooner  or  later  it  must,  it  shoulf 
yield,  and  I  be  received  among  the  ranks  of 
good  men.  But,  meanwhile,  what  was  to 
become  of  NeUy  ?  I  reckoned  up  my  wagee ; 
I  went  to  'm(|uire  what  the  l»uard  of  a  girl 
would  be,  who  should  kelp  her  in  her  house 
hold  work,  and  live  with  her  aa  a  daughter, 
at  the  house  of  one  of  the  most  decent  womeu 
of  the  place  ;  she  looked  at  me  suspicioualy. 
I  kept  down  my  tem|>er,  and  told  her  I  would 
never  come  ncjir  the  place ;  that  I  would  keep 
away  from  that  end  of  the  village  ;  and  thai 
the  girl  for  whom  I  made  the  inquiry  should 
never  know  but  what  the  |)aridh  paid  for  her 
keep.  It  would  not  do  ^  she  sus])ected  me  ; 
but  I  know  I  hiid  power  over  myself  to  have 
kept  to  my  word  ;  ami  l>esides,  I  woidd  not 
for  worlds  have  hsvd  Nelly  put  under  any 
obligation  to  me,  which  should  speck  the 
purity  of  her  love,  or  dim  it  by  a  mixture 
of  gratitude, — ^the  love  that  I  craved  to  earn, 
not  for  my  jnouey,  not  for  my  kindnees,  but 
for  myself.  I  heard  that  Nelly  had  met  with 
a  place  in  Bollaind ;  and  I  could  see  uo 
reason  why  I  might  not  speak  to  her  ouoe 
before  she  left  our  neighbourhood.  I  meant 
it  to  be  a  quiet  friendly  telling  her  of  my  sym- 
pathy in  her  sorrow,  I  felt  I  oould  command 
myself.  So,  on  the  Sunday  before  she  was  to 
leave  Sawley,  I  waited  near  the  wood- path, 
by  which  I  knew  that  she  would  return  from 
a^moon  church.    The  birda  made  such  a 


meloiliotis  warble,  such  a  busy  soiind  among 
th<?  Itrav^  that  I  did  not  bear  approaching 
footsteps,  till  they  were  close  at  hand  ;  and 
then  tJhere  were  sounds  of  two  persons'  voices. 
The  wood  was  near  that  part  of  Sawley 
where  Nelly  was  staying  with  friends  ;  the 
path  through  it  led  to"  their  house,  and  their's 
onJy,  ao  I  imew  it  must  be  she,  for  I  had 
watched  her  eetting  out  to  church  alone. 

But  who  was  the  other  ? 

The  blood  went  to  my  heart  and  head,  as  if 
I  were  shot,  when  1  saw  that  it  was  Dick 
Jadesott.  Was  this  the  end  of  it  all  ?  In  the 
steps  of  sin  which  my  father  had  trode,  I 
would  mah  to  ray  deatli  and  ray  doom.  Even 
where  1  stood  I  longed  for  a  weapon  to  slay 
hinL  How  dared  he  come  near  my  Nelly  1 ' 
8he  too, — I  thought  her  faithless,  and  forgot 
little  I  had  ever  been  to  her  in  outward 
action  j  how  few  words,  and  those  how  un- 
couth, 1  had  ever  spoken  to  her;  and  I  hated 
her  for  a  traitress.  These  feelings  passed  1 
thrtujgh  me  before  I  could  see,  my  eyes  and 
hcfid  were  so  dizxy  and  blind.  When  I  looked 
I  saw  Dick  Jackson  holding  her  hand^  and 
speaking  quick  and  low,  and  thick,  na  a  nmn  ' 
speaks  in  great  vehemence.  She  seemed  white 
and  dismayed  ;  but  all  at  once^  at  some  word 
of  his,  (and  what  it  wss  she  never  would  tell 
me),  she  looked  as  though  she  defied  a  fiend, 
and  wrenched  herself  out  ot  his  grasp.  He 
caught  hold  of  her  again,  and  began  once 
more  the  thick  whisper  that  I  loathed.  I 
could  bear  it  no  longer,  nor  did  I  see  why 
I  should.  I  ateppecf  out  from  behind  the 
tree  where  I  had  been  lying.  When  she  saw 
me,  she  lost  her  look  of  one  strung  up  to 
desperation,  and  came  and  dung  to  me  ;  and 
I  felt  like  a  giant  iu  strength  and  might.  I 
held  her  with  one  arm,  but  1  did  not  take  my 
eyes  off  him  ;  I  felt  as  if  they  blazed  down 
into  his  soul,  and  scorched  him  up.  He  never 
9|>oke»  but  tried  to  look  as  thou|;h  he  defied 
me  ;  at  last  his  eyes  fell  before  mine.  I  dared 
not  speak  ;  for  the  old  horrid  oaths  thronged 
up  to  my  mouth  j  and  I  dreaded  giving  them 
way,  and  terrifying  my  poor  trembling  Nelly. 

At  last  he  ma^ie  to  go  past  me  ;  I  drew  her 
out  of  the  pathway.  By  matiuct  she  wrapped 
her  garments  round  her,  as  if  to  avoid  hia 
accidental  touch  ;  and  he  was  stung  by  this, 
I  suppose — I  believe— to  the  mad,  miserable 
revenge  he  took.  Aa  my  back  was  turned  to 
him,  in  an  endeavour  to  speak  some  words  to 
Nelly  that  might  soothe  her  into  cabxmess, 
she,  who  was  looking  after  him,  like  one 
iaacinated  with  terror,  saw  him  take  a  sharp 
ahaley  stone,  and  aim  it  at  me.  Poor  darling ! 
fihe  dung  round  me  aa  a  shield,  making  her 
sweet  body  into  a  defence  for  mine.  It  hit 
her,  and  she  spoke  no  word,  kept  back  her 
GTf  of  p^n,  but  fell  at  my  feet  m  a  swoon. 
He— >ihe  coward  ! — ran  off  as  soon  tm  he  saw 
y^uA  he  had  done.  I  was  with  Ndly  alone 
in  the  green  gloom  of  the  wood.  The  quiver- 
ing and  leaf-tinted  light  made  her  loolc  as  if 
she  were  dead.    I  carried  her,  not  knowing  if 


I  bore  a  corpse  or  not,  to  her  firiend'a  house. 
I  did  not  stay  to  ejcplaln,  but  ran  madly  for 
tlie  doctor. 

Well  I  I  cannot  bear  to  recur  to  that  time 
agnin.  Five  weeks  I  lived  in  the  agony  of 
suspense ;  from  which  my  only  relief  was  in 
kying  savage  plans  for  revenge.  If  I  hated 
bira  before,  what  think  ye  1  did  now  ?  It 
seemed  as  if  earth  could  not  hold  us  twain, 
but  that  one  of  us  must  go  down  to  Gehenna. 
I  could  have  killed  liim  ;  and  would  have 
done  it  without  a  scruple,  but  that  seemed  too 
poor  and  bold  a  revenge.  At  length^^h  !  the 
weary  waiting — oh!  the  sickening  of  my 
heart — Nelly  grew  better — as  well  as  she  was 
ever  to  grow.  The  bright  colour  had  left  her 
cheek ;  the  mouth  quivered  with  repressed 
pain,  the  eyes  were  dim  with  tears  that  agony 
nad  forced  into  them  ;  and  I  loved  her  a  tbou- 
sand  times  better  and  more  than  when  she  wna 
bright  and  blooming  1  What  was  best  of  all, 
I  began  to  perceive  that  she  cared  for  me. 
I  know  her  grandmother's  friends  warned  her 
against  me,  and  told  her  I  came  of  a  l>iid 
stock;  but  she  had  passed  the  point  where 
remonstrance  from  bystanders  can  take  effect 
— she  loved  me  as  I  was,  a  strange  mixture  of 
bad  and  good,  all  unworthy  of  her.  We  spoke 
together  now,  as  those  do  whose  lives  are 
bound  up  in  each  other.  I  told  her  I  would 
manr  her  aa  soon  as  she  had  recovered  her 
heaJth.  Her  friends  shook  their  heads  ;  but 
they  saw  she  would  l>o  unfit  for  farm-service 
or  heavy  work,  and  they  perhaps  thought,  as 
many  a'  one  does,  that  a  bad  husband  was 
better  than  none  at  all.  Anyhow  we  were 
married ;  and  I  learnt  to  bless  God  for  my 
happiness,  so  far  lieyoud  my  deserts.  I  kept 
her  like  a  lady.  I  was  a  skilful  workman^ 
and  earned  good  wages ;  and  every  want 
she  had  I  tried  to  gratify.  Her  wishes  were 
few  and  simple  enough,  poor  Nelly  !  If  they 
Imd  been  ever  so  fkuciful,  I  should  have  ha<l 
my  reward  in  the  new  feeling  of  the  holiness 
of  home.  She  could  lead  me  as  a  little  child, 
with  the  charm  of  her  gentle  voice,  and  her 
ever-kind  words.  She  would  plead  for  all 
when  1  was  full  of  anger  and  passion  ;  only 
Dick  Jackson's  name  passed  never  between 
our  lipa  during  all  that  time.  In  the  even- 
ings sne  lay  back  in  her  bee-hive  chair,  and 
read  to  me.  I  think  I  see  her  now,  pale  and 
weak,  with  her  sweet  younff  face,  lignted  by 
her  holy,  earnest  eyes^  telling  me  of  the 
Saviour's  life  and  death,  till  they  were  filled 
with  tears.  I  longed  to  have  been  there,  to 
have  avenged  him  on  the  wicked  Jews.  I 
liked  Peter  the  best  of  all  the  disciples.  But 
I  got  the  Bible  myself,  and  read  the  mighty 
act  of  God's  vengeance  in  the  Old  Testament, 
with  a  kind  of  triumphant  fikith,  that,  sooner 
or  later,  He  would  take  my  cause  in  hand, 
and  revenge  me  on  mine  enemy. 

In  a  year  or  so,  NeUy  had  a  baby, — a  little 
girl,  with  eyes  just  like  hers,  that  looked  with 
a  grave  openness  right  into  yours.  Nelly 
recovered  W  slowly.     It  was  just  before 


^ 


330 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS, 


winter,  the  ootton-erop  had  fkiled,  «cd  uusUr 
bad  to  turn  oiT  nioiij  biuids.  I  ihouglit  I  wms 
sure  of  being  kept  on,  for  I  had  eaned  a 
sUady  ch&racter^  and  did  my  work  w*U ; 
bat  once  ii|^n  it  was  permitted  that  Dick 
Jackfton  should  do  me  wrong.  Me  induced 
hia  father  to  dismiaa  me  among  the  fi»t  in 
my  branch  of  the  buainew ;  and  there  was  I, 
ju«t  before  winter  set  in,  with  a  wife  and 
new-lfom  child,  and  a  small  enough  store  of 
mouey  to  keep  Dody  and  tool  together,  till  I 
could  U0t  to  work  again.    All  my  saving  bad 

gone  hy  Chriatmaa  Eve,  and  we  aat  m  the 
onae,  foodleea  for  the  morrow's  festival 
NpUv  looked  pinched  and  worn ;  the  baby 
cried  for  a  Larger  supply  of  milk  than  its  poor 
starving  mother  coulcf  giv«  it  My  light 
hand  had  not  forgot  its  cunning  ;  and  I  went 
out  once  more  to  my  poaching.  I  knew 
where  the  gang  met;  and  I  knew  what  a 
welcome  back  1  should  have, — a  for  wanner 
and  more  hearty  welcome  than  irood  men  had 

S'ven  me  when  I  tried  to  enter  their  i^anks. 
n  the  road  to  the  nieetin?-place  I  fell  in 
with  an  old  man, — one  who  hod  been  a  oom- 
patiion  to  my  father  in  his  early  days. 

**  What,  Ud  !  "  said  he,  "  art  thon  turning 
bofCk  to  the  old  trade  T  It  "s  the  better  busi- 
neas  now,  that  cotton  has  failed/* 

"  Ay,"  smd  t,  "  cotton  is  starving  \w  out- 
right A  man  niAV  bear  a  deal  himself^  but 
he  *U  do  aught  bivl  and  siniul  to  saTC  his  wife 
and  chUd;* 

**  Nay,  bul,"  f^^i'l  ^^v "  poaching  ia  not  sinful ; 
it  goes  Agaiufit  luim'a  law?,  but  not  against 
God's." 

I  w»a  too  wen-k  to  argue  or  talk  much.  I 
bad  not  tasted  food  for  two  dnys.  But  I  mur^ 
mureilf  "  A  t  any  rate,  I  trusted  to  have  been 
dear  of  it  for  the  re«t  of  my  days.  It  led  my 
fiithar  wrong  at  tlrst.  I  liave  tiionl  autl  I 
have  striven.  Now  I  give  all  up.  Kight  or 
wronff  slmll  be  the  name  to  me.  Some  are 
fgre-tloonjed  ;  and  so  am  L"  And  as  I  apoke, 
some  notion  of  the  ibturitv  Umt  would  sepa- 
rate  Nelly,  the  pure  and  noly,  from  me,  the 
reck  lees  and  desperate  one,  came  over  me 
with  an  irrepressiljle  burst  of  anguish.  Just 
then  the  hells  of  Bolton-in-Bolland  struck  up 
a  glad  peal,  which  came  over  the  woods,  in 
the  sui^iun  uiiduight  ujr,  like  the  sons  of  the 
morning  aUouting  for  joy, — they  seemed  so 
clear  and  jubilant.  It  waa  Chnatmaa  Day  ; 
and  I  felt  like  an  outcast  from  the  gladness 
and  the  salvation.     Old  Jonali  spoke  out ; 

"  Yon  's  the  Christmas  bells.  1  say,  Johmi y, 
my  liul,  I  've  no  uution  of  taking  sucn  a  spirit^ 
lees  chap  m  thou  into  tlie  thick  of  it,  with 
thy  riglits  anil  thy  wrouga.  We  doii*t  trouble 
ooreelves  with  such  fine  kwyer^s  stuff,  and 
we  brine  dawn  the  'varrjiiut'  all  the  better. 
Now,  I  ll  not  have  thee  in  our  gang,  for  thou 
art  not  up  to  the  fun,  and  thou  'd  hang  ^re 
when  the  time  came  to  be  doing.  But  I  ve  a 
shrewd  guess  tlmt  plaguy  wife  and  child  of 
thine  aie  at  the  bottom  of  tliy  half-aud-luilf 
joining.    Now,  I  was  thj  father's  friestd  afore 


.] 


he  took   to  them  helter-skelter  ^^'^'^ 

I  Ve  five  shillings  and  a  nock  of  m 

service.     1^1  not  list  a  fastitiir  i 

thou  It  come  to  us  with  a  i'- 

say,  *I  like  your  life,  my  lacl  e 

one   of  you    with   ]ileasure,   Lht  y 

night,*  why,  we  '11  ^vc  you  a  wcl-  :  :k 

half;  but,  to-night,  make  no  more  aiv  bat 

turn  liack  with  me  for  the  rautlun  mid  the 

money," 

I  was  not  proud ;  nay,  I  was  most  thaukAiL 
I  took  the  meat,  and  boiled  some  broth  for 
mv  poor  Nolly.  She  was  in  a  sleep,  or  a 
faint,  I  know  not  which ;  but  I  roused  her„ 
and  held  her  un  in  bed,  ajid  fed  her  with  a 
teaspoon,  uiid  tJie  light  came  back  to  her 
eyea,  and  the  fiunt  moonlight  aniile  to  her 
lips ;  and  when  i»he  had  ended,  shi?  said  her 
innocent  grace,  and  fell  asleep  with  her  baby 
on  her  brea^.  I  sat  over  the  i'ure^  and  Iktr 
ened  to  the  be  Us,  as  they  8wet>t  past  mt 
cottage  on  the  g^usts  of  the  wina.  I  longed 
and  yearned  for  tlie  second  comingof  OinsL 
of  which  Nelly  had  toUl  me.  The  worja 
seemed  cruel,  and  hard,  and  strong — t4>o 
strong  for  me;  and  I  prayed  to  cUni{  t^^  the 
hfonof  his  garment^  and  ue  liom^^  over  the 
rough  places  when  I  iainted  nitd  hied,  and 
found  no  man  to  pity  or  help  me,  but  poor 
old  Jonah,  the  publican  and  sinner.  All  this 
time  my  own  woes  and  my  own  Mlf  were 
uppermost  in  my  mind,  as  they  are  in  the 
minds  of  moet  who  have  been  hanlly  used. 
As  I  thought  of  my  wrongs  and  my  mtflbt^ 
ings,  my  heart  burned  against  Dick  «^ackaou  ; 
and  as  the  bells  rose  and  fell,  er*  "^^r  i.^.^o-i 
Wjixed  and  waned,  that  in  those  s 

thivs,  of  which  they  were  both  t '  u- 

l>rarice  and  the  prophecy,  he  would  l»e  pui^ged 
from  off  the  oartlu  I  took  Nelh  "a  BiUe.  .ind 
turned,  not  to  the  gra^-ious  story  of  the 
Saviour's  birth,  but  to  tJie  re*v.r»l«  of  tlt« 
former  days,  when  the  J  !,I 

revenge  upon  all  their  :* 

Jew, — a  leader  among  lue  j»*  M|»e.  M.-k 
Jackson  was  as  Fharaon,  as  the  King  Aung, 
who  walked  delicately,  tliinking  t*-  i  <  y- 
ness  of  dejith  was  past, — in  short  .^ 

conauered  enemy,  over  whom  l  gl :.  ili 

my  Bible  in  my  hand — that  BibG  which  con- 
tamitd  oiir  Sa^dour's  words  on  tlie  Cross, 
At  yet,  tli<.»9e  words  seemed  fiiint  atid  mean' 
ingless  to  me,  like  a  trai;t  of  couutry  s^'u  in 
the  starlight  haze ;  while  the  histories  of  the 
Old  Testament  were  grand  and  diHtinet  in 
the  bUxxi-red  colour  of  sun-set.  By  aitd  by 
that  night  passed  into  day ;  and  little  ph>ing 
voitics  came  round,  carol- wngiug.  Tliey 
wakened  Nelly.  I  went  to  hur  as  sot.m  aa 
I  heard  lier  Stirling. 

"Nelly,"  said  L  "there's  mouc^y  and  fr»od 
in  the  bouse  ;  I  will  be  off  to  Pstbhiiiu  H<'«*]viMg 
work,  whllv  thuu  htist  sometliing  t- 

"Nut  to-day,"  said  she  ;  "stay  t'  u 

me.     If  thou  wouldst  on^'  go  to  ch  i; 

roe  this  once  " — for  you  see  I  hiwi  i  i 

inside  a  church  but  when  we  were  juu^n  io<l| 


i 


THE  HEABT  OF  JOHN  MID1>LET0N. 


391 


ADil  slie  wns  often  prating  oie  to  go ;  and 

now  »lie  lookwJ  nt  me,  with  &  aigh  juet  creep- 

ibrttt  tWiiu   her  lipi»,  w  alie  GxpecWd  « 

'ua.hI,     But  I  did  not  reiiiBe*    I  had  h&exi 

fpi  ftway  frvia  cbureb  before  becauar  I  d*ieil 

4,'ti ;  and  now  I  was  d«tt>erate  an*1  dared 

liiug.     IS  I  did  look  like  a  heathen  in 

iii  all  men,  whv  I  waa  a  heathen  in 

1 ;  urr  I  vas  idling  back  into  all  my 

w»3«.     I  had  resolv^,  if  my  aearch  of 

at   Padlhaxu  should  fall,  I  woxild  follow 

IJather'n  I'ooUteps,  ajid  take  with  my  own 

ht  h:uid  and  by  my  slrangth  of  arm  what 

tm  dtinied  me  to  obtain  honestly.    I  had 

Iveii    to    leave    Sawlcy,   where    a   curse 

d    to   hanf;   over   me ;   so  wliat  did    it 

r  if  I  went  to  church,  all  unbeknowin^ 

•whai  -' '     'remonieawei-e  there  i>Qrformedi 

I  W.I  r  aa  a  sinful  man — ainful  in 

m3*  li  ily  hung  on  my  arm,  but  eveai 

she  could  not  get  me  to  speikk.    I  went  in  ; 

8h«*  found  my  pmcea,  and  pointed  to  the  worcK 

and  loukerl  up  into  my  eyea  with  hen,  ao  full 

of  fiijth    and  Joy.     But    I  aihw  nothing   but 

:\\  Juckuun — I  huard  nothing  but  his 

uasd  voice,  making  reapouBe,  and  de- 

ng   jdl   tlie    holy   words.     He  was   in 

Idwth  of  the  best — -1  in  my  fuBtian  jacket. 

was  pro8jHiron8  and  glad — I  wa«  starving 

dri>p«'r<ite.     Nelly  grew  pide  as  she  saw 

e  ex[irc'r^ion  in  my  eyes;  and  she  prayed 

er  aJi*l  ev«r  more  ftirrently  aa  the  thought 

me  tempte<l  by  the  Devil  even  at  that  very 

mon^ent  came  m»ie  fully  before  her. 

By  and  by  sbe  forgot  even  mc,  and  laid 
her  Boul  l>are  before  God,  in  n  long  ailent 
weeping  luayer,  before  we  left  the  church. 
Kewly  iul  luul  gone — and  I  stood  by  her,  un- 
wiUinin  to  disturb  her,  unable  to  join  her.  At 
likst  site  vo&e  up»  heavenly  calm.  fc>he  took  my 
Ml&>  tuul  wc  went  home  tlirougli  the  wood^^ 
wheix  all  the  lilnlH  s.  tnifd  t.niue  and  familiar, 
elly  fiidd   all  all  living  ci*eaturea 

ew   it  w>w  «  ;    ^»y,  and   rejoiced, 

and  were  loviiig  iugcther.  1  believed  it  was 
Ui,e  fnK$t  lliat  Iiatl  tamed  them ;  and  I  felt  the 
hatred  Utut  wai»  in  me,  and  knew  that  wliat^ 
ever  elae  was  lovintr,  I  was  fidl  of  nndice  and 
unchiuitiii  '  r  did  I  wish  to  be  uther- 

wiae.    Th  n  I  bade  Nelly  and  our 

child  fart.  v%. ...  .,u  I  tr.tmped  to  Padiham.  I 
got  woik — how  I  hanlly  know  ;  for  stronger 
Mid  sti'ougei-  came  the  force  f>i  the  temptation 
to  lead  a  wild,  fj^e  life  of  nin  ;  legions  fie<aued 
whiKiwrin^'  evil  thoughts  to  nic,  and  only  my 
gentle,  ]Jeadin(j  Nelly  to  pull  me  back  from 
the  greiit  gulph,  flowevei-,  as  1  said  before, 
I  got  w«»rL  auil  eet  off  homewai\ls  to  move 
my  wife  and  child  to  that  neighbourhood.  I 
)iatei>l  Sawley,  and  yet  I  waa  fiejroely  in- 
[  diguant  to  leave  it ;  with  mj  purposes  tm- 
i^^aocotni>ll»heil.  I  wn.s  still  an  outcast  from  the 
^^tekOre  ri^pvct.'ibU%  who  t>tood  :dar  off  from 
^^■ttdL^*»B  I  ;  Aud  mine  enemy  Uved  and 
^^^Hl^ieil  in  their  regard.  Piuiihatu,  bow- 
^H^V^^^  1^*'^  9o  l^ir  away^  for  me  to  despair 
—to  relinquish  my  fixed  detenuinataon.    It 


»Ke 

^nnf 


was  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  great  Pemdle 
Hill ;  ten  miles  aw»y,  may  be.  Hale  wiil 
overleAD  a  greater  oWt&cle. 

I  took  a  ootta^  on  the  Fell,  higii  up  on 
the  side  of  the  hilL  We  snw  a  long  bleAk 
moorkad  sh^  before  ns,  mad  tlien  the  grer 
stone  houses  of  Padiham,  over  which  a  Uukofc 
cloud  hung  i  different  from  the  blue  wood  or 
turf  smoke  about  Sawley.  The  «ild  wittflU 
come  down,  and  whittled  round  our  house 
many  a  day  when  all  was  still  bciow.  Bui  I 
wa.H  happy  then.  I  rose  in  men^a  eateeuL  I 
had  work  in  plenty.  Our  child  lived  axkd 
throve.  But  I  forgot  not  our  country  pro* 
verb  :  "  Keep  a  stone  in  thy  pocket  for  seven 
Years :  turn  it,  aud  ke«rp  it  seven  yesn^  more  { 
but  have  it  ever  ready  to  oast  at  Uiine  enemy 
when  the  time  comes," 

One  day  a  fellow- workomn  asked  me  to  go 
to  a  hill-side  preaching.  Now  I  never  c&red 
to  go  to  church ;  but  there  was  something 
newer  and  freer  in  the  notion  of  prating  to 
God  right  under  His  great  dome  ;  and  the 
open  air  had  had  a  chai*m  to  me  ever  since 
my  wild  boyhood.  Besides,  they  siud  the«e 
raatars  hsd  strange  ways  with  them^  and  I 
thouglit  it  would  &  fun  to  see  their  way  ot 
setting  about  it ;  and  tiiis  ranter  of  all  othan 
had  niade  himaeLf  a  name  in  our  ports.  Ac- 
cordingly we  went ;  it  w^a  a  fme  sonimer's 
evening,  after  work  was  done.  When  we  got 
to  the  place  we  saw  such  a  crowd  as  1  never 
saw  liefore,  men,  women^  and  children ;  ail 
0^  were  gathered  together,  and  lafc  oa  the 
hiU-dde.  They  were  care-worn,  diseaaed, 
sorrowful,  criminal  ;  all  that  was  told  on  their 
faces,  which  were  hard,  aud  strongly  marked* 
In  the  miilst,  stnntiing  in  a  out^  vt»  the 
riinter.  When  I  first  Baw  him,  I  said  to  my 
compaiuou,  "  Lord !  What  a  little  man  to 
make  all  tliis  pother !  I  could  trip  him  up 
with  one  of  my  dngeraj"  and  then  I  sat 
dowu,  and  looked  al>out  me  a  bit.  Ail  eyes 
were  fixed  on  the  preacher ;  and  I  turned 
mine  upon  him  too.  Ho  began  to  speak  ;  it 
was  in  no  fine-drawn  language,  but  in  woitli 
auch  OS  we  heaid  ever}'  day  oT  our  Hvee,  and 
ab<jut  things  we  did  every  day  of  our  lives.  H© 
did  not  cafl  our  short-comingB  pride  or  world- 
lineag,  or  pleasure-seeking,  which  would  hav^ 
piveii  us  no  clear  notion  of  what  he  meanL 
but  he  just  told  us  outright  what  we  did,  ana 
then  he  gave  it  a  name,  and  said  that  it  was 
accursed, — and  that  we  were  lost  if  wa  yfmA 
on  so  doing. 

By  this  time  the  tears  and  sweat  ircra 
rumibig  down  his  face ;  he  was  wreiiliiig  fiar 
our  souls.  We  wondered  how  he  knew  otmt 
innenuost  lives  as  he  did,  for  each  one  of  us 
aaw  hl^  sin  set  before  him  in  plain-spoken 
words.  Then  he  cried  out  to  us  to  repent ; 
and  spoke  first  to  us,  aiitl  then  to  God,  in  a 
way  that  would  htive  shocked  manj'^ — but  it 
did  not  shock  me.  I  liked  strong  things ;  and 
I  Uked  the  bare  full  truth :  and  I  felt 
brought  nearer  to  God  in  that  hour— the 
summer  darkness  creeping  over  us,  and  one 


332 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


lC«id«M«4«t 


iJier  one  the  »tani  coming  out  above  ua,  like 
the  eye§  of  the  angels  watcKineua^ — than  I 
La<i  fever  done  in  my  life  before.  Wlieu  he  had 
brought  ua  to  our  tears  and  sighii,  he  stopped 
hia  loud  voice  of  upbraiding,  and  there  waa 
a  hnjih,  uuly  broken  by  Bobf»  and  quivering 
moaua,  Ln  which  I  heard  tlirough  the  gloom 
the  voicea  of  strong  men  in  anjniiah  and  eup- 
plicutnoD,  aa  well  aa  the  Bhruier  tonea  of 
women.  Suddenly  he  waa  heard  again  ;  by 
this  time  we  could  not  see  him  ;  but  his 
Toice  was  now  tender  aa  the  voice  of  an 
angel,  and  he  told  ua  of  Christ  and  implored 
na  to  come  to  Him.  I  never  he;ird  such  paa- 
abnate  entreaty.  He  spoke  as  if  lie  saw 
Satan  hovering  near  ua  in  the  (iark  dcDae 
night,  and  as  u  our  only  aafet)'  lav  iu  a  very 
present  coming  to  the  Cross  ;  I  l>elit^ve  li<^  did 
atH!  Satiin  ;  we  know  lie  hauivtB  the  desolate 
old  hilla,  awaiting  hin  time,  and  now  or  never 
it  waa,  with  many  a  soid.  At  If'ngtli  there 
waa  a  sudden  silence  ;  and  by  the  cries  of 
those  nearest  to  the  preacher,  we  heard  that 
he  had  fainted.  We  had  all  crowded  round 
him  aa  if  he  were  our  rcifety  and  our  guide ; 
and  he  waa  overcome  by  the  lu-at  and  the 
fatigue,  for  we  were  the  fifth  set  of  people 
whom  lie  had  addressed  tliat  flay.  1  left  the 
crowd  who  were  leading  him  down,  and  took 
a  lonely  path  myself. 

Here  wjia  the  eamestnesB  I  needed.  To 
thia  weak  and  weary  fainting  man,  religion 
vfm  a  life  and  a  passion.  I  look  Imck  uow^ 
and  wonder  at  my  blindness  aa  to  what  was 
the  root  of  all  my  Nelly's  patience  and  long- 
sufTering ;  for  I  thought,  now  I  had  found 
out  what  religiou  was,  and  that  hitherto  it 
had  been  all  an  unknown  thing  to  me. 

Henceforward,  my  life  wiu*  changed.  I 
was  zealous  and  fanatical.  Beyond  the  set  to 
whom  I  hati  atElinted  myself  I  hml  no  sym- 
pathy. I  would  have  j>er8eeuted  all  who 
differed  from  me,  if  I  had  only  had  the 
power.  I  became  an  aacetic  in  all  bodily  en- 
joyments. And,  strange  and  inexplicable 
mystery,  I  had  aome  thoughts  that  by  every 
act  of  self-denial  I  was  attaining  to  my  un- 
holy  end,  and  that,  when  I  had  fasted  and 
prayeii  Ion";  enough,  (lod  would  place  my 
▼engeance  m  my  hands.  I  have  knelt  by 
Nelly's  be*l8ide,  'and  vowed  to  live  a  84?lf- 
denying  life,  aa  regarded!  all  outwanl  things, 
if  so  that  God  would  grant  my  prayer.  1  left 
it  in  His  hiunis,  I  felt  sure  He  would  tntce 
out  the  token  and  the  word  ;  and  Nelly 
would  liaten  to  my  paaaionate  woi-^li?,  luid  lie 
awake  sorrowful  ana  heart -sore  through  the 
night ;  and  I  would  get  up  anil  make  her 
te&|.  and  re-arrange  her  pillows,  \»nth  a  strtuigo 
and  wilfnl  blinc&ess  that  my  K>itter  words 
and  bUaphemous  prayers  had  ct>8t  her  miser- 
able sleepless  nights.  My  Nelly  was  suffering 
yet  from  that  blow.  How  or  where  the 
stone  had  hurt  her  T  never  understood  ;  but 
in  consequence  of  that  one  moment'^  action, 
her  limbs  became  numb  and  dead,  and,  by 
■low  degrees,  she  took    to    her   bed,  from 


whence  she  was  nerer  carried  alive.  There 
she  lay,  propped  up  b^  plllowa,  her  meek 
face  ever  bright,  and  smiling  forth  a  greeting ; 
her  white  piue  bands  ever  bu^  with  some 
kind  of  work  ;  and  our  little  Grace  waa  aa 
the  power  of  motion  to  her.  Fierce  aa  I  was 
away  from  her,  I  never  coidd  speak  to  her 
but  in  my  gentlest  tones.  She  seemed  to  me 
as  if  she  ha<l  never  wrestled  for  salvation  as 
I  ha<i ;  and  when  awajr  from  her,  I  resolved, 
many  a  time  and  ofL  that  I  would  rouse  her 
up  to  her  state  of  clanger  when  I  returned 
home  that  evening — even  if  strong  reproach 
were  reipilTOd  I  would  rouse  her  up  to  her 
soul's  need.  But  I  came  in  and  heard  her 
voice  singing  sofllv  some  holy  word  of 
patience,  some  psalm  which,  may-be,  Iiad 
comforted  the  martyrs,  and  when  I  saw  her 
face,  like  the  face  of  an  angel,  full  of  patience 
and  happy  faith,  I  put  off  my  awakening 
speeches  till  another  time. 

One  night,  long  ago,  when  I  was  yet  young 
find  strong,  although  my  yeani  were  past 
fort)-,  I  sat  alone  in  my  houseplace.  Neiljr 
WAS  always  in  bed,  as  I  have  told  you,  and 
Grace  lay  in  a  cot  by  her  aide.  I  believed 
them  to  l>e  both  asleep  ;  though  how  they 
could  sleep  I  could  not  conceive,  so  wild  and 
terrible  was  the  night.  The  wind  came 
sweeping  down  from  the  hill-top  in  great 
V-CAts,  like  the  pulses  of  Heaven  ;  and,  during 
the  pauses,  while  I  listened  for  the  coming 
roar,  I  telt  the  earth  shiver  benejith  me.  The 
rain  beat  against  windows  and  doors,  and 
aobbed  for  entrance.  I  thought  the  Prince 
of  the  Air  waa  abroad ;  and  1  lieard,  or 
fancied  I  heaitl,  shrieks  come  on  the  blast, 
like  the  crids  of  s'mful  aoula  given  over  to  hia 
power. 

The  sounds  came  nearer  and  nearer.  I  got 
up  and  saw  t^  the  fastenings  of  the  door,  for 
though  1  careil  not  for  mortal  roan,  I  did 
care  for  what  J  believed  was  surrounding  the 
house,  in  evil  might  and  power.  But  the 
door  shook  as  though  it,  too,  were  in  deadly 
terror,  and  I  thought  the  fastenings  would 
give  way.  I  stood  facing  the  entrance. 
laahing  my  heart  up  to  defy  the  spinttial 
enemy  that  I  looked  to  see,  every  instant,  in 
bcdily  presence ;  and  the  door  did  burst  open ; 
and  betore  me  stood — ^what  waa  it  1  man  or 
demon  f  a  grey-hair<?d  nian,  with  poor  worn 
clothes  all  wringing  wet,  and  he  himself 
battered  and  piteous  to  look  upon,  from  the 
storm  he  had  passed  throuurb. 

"  Let  raein  !  "  he  said.  '-Give  me  shelter.  I 
am  floor,  or  I  would  reward  you.  And  I  am 
friendless  too,"  he  said,  looking  up  in  my  face, 
like  one  seeking  what  he  cannot  find.  In  that 
look,  strangely  changed,  I  knew  that  God 
had  heard  me ;  for  it  waa  the  old  cowardly 
look  of  my  life's  enemy.  Had  he  been  a 
stranger  I  might  not  have  welcomed  him,  but 
as  he  waa  mine  enemy,  I  gave  him  welcome  in 
a  lordly  dish.  I  sat  opposite  to  him.  "Whence 
do  you  come  ? "  said  1.  **  It  is  a  strange  night 
to  be  out  on  the  fells," 


THE  HEART  OF  JOHN  MTDDLETON. 


333 


^       sak 


He  looked  up  at  me  sharp  ;  but  in  general 
lie  held  his  head  down  like  a  beast  or  hound. 

*•  Yoii  won't  betray  me.  I  '11  not  trouble 
TOO  long.  Aa  aoon  aa  the  gtonn  abates  I  *I1 
go. 

**  Friend  l^'  aaid  I,  «  what  have  I  to  betray  ? " 
and  I  trembled  leat  he  should  keen  hiiuself 
out  of  my  power  and  not  tell  me.  "  You  come 
for  shelter,  and  I  give  you  of  my  best.  Why 
do  you  Buapect  me  1  *' 

*^  Because/'  said  he  in  hia  abject  bittemeas, 
**  all  the  world  ia  agaiuBt  me.  I  never  met 
with  goodness  or  kindness ;  and  now  I  am 
hunted  like  a  wild  beaat.  I  *11  tell  you^ — ^I  *m 
a  convict  returned  before  my  tinie.  I  waa  a 
Sawley  man/*  (as  if  I»  of  all  men,  did  not 
know  it!  )  ''and  I  went  back  like  a  fool  to  the 
old  place.  They  Ve  hunted  me  out  where  T 
would  Ikin  have  lived  rightly  and  quietly-,  and 
they  '11  aend  me  back  to  that  hell  upon  earth 
if  they  catch  me.  I  did  not  know  it  would 
be  such  a  night.  Only  let  me  rest  and  get 
warm  once  more,  and  I  Ml  go  away,  Gootl 
kind  man  !  have  pity  upon  me,**  I  smiled  ail 
hia  doubta  away ;  1  pi-omi8«Ml  him  a  bed  on 
the  floor,  and  1  thought  of  Jael  and  Siaera. 
My  heart  leaped  up  Eke  a  war-horae  at  the 
sound  of  the  trum{>et,  and  said.  Ha,  ha,  the 
liord  hath  heard  my  prayer  and  supplication ; 
I  shall  have  vengeance  at  last ! " 

He  did  not  dream  who  I  was.  He  was 
ehangeil  ;  ao  that  I^  who  had  learned  his 
features  with  all  the  diligeuoe  of  hatred,  did 
not  at  first  recogmse  him  ;  and  he  thought 
not  of  me^  only  of  his  own  woe  and  affiright. 
He  looked  into  the  fire  with  the  dreamy  eaze 
of  one  whose  strength  of  character,  if  he  nad 
any,  is  beaten  out  of  him,  and  cannot  return 
at  any  emergencv  whatsoever.  He  sighed 
and  pitied  hunself,  yet  could  not  decide  on 
whxLt  to  do.  I  went  softly  about  my  businesH, 
which  was  to  make  him  up  a  bed  on  the 
floor ;  and,  when  he  waa  lulled  to  sleep  and 
•ecurity,  to  make  the  beat  of  my  way  to 
Padihun,  and  summon  the  constable,  into 
whose  hands  I  would  give  him  up  to  be 
taken  back  to  hia  "hell  upon  earth.''  I 
wei\t  into  Nelly's  room.      Sne  was  awake, 

d  anxious.  I  aaw  she  had  been  listening  to 
voices. 

"  Who  is  there  ?"  said  she,  **  John,  tell  me 
— it  sounded  like  a  voice  I  knew.  For  God's 
sake,  ajwak." 

I  smiled  a  <^uiet  smile.  "  It  is  a  poor  man 
who  has  lost  his  way.  Go  to  sleep,  my  dear — 
I  shall  make  him  up  on  the  floor.  I  may  not 
come  for  some  time.  Go  to  sleep ;"  and  I 
kissed  her.  I  thought  she  was  soothed,  but 
not  fiilly  satisfied.  However,  1  hastened 
away  before  there  was  any  further  time  for 
questioning.  I  made  up  the  bed ;  and 
Aidiard  Jackson,  tired  out,  lay  down  and  fell 
aaleep.  My  contempt  for  hiin  almost  equalled 
my  nate.  If  I  were  avoiding  return  to  a 
place  which  I  thought  to  be  a  hell  upon  earth, 
think  you  I  would  have  taken  a  quiet  sleep 
under  any  man^a  roo*^  till  somehow  or  another 


I  wafl  secure  ?  Now  comes  this  man,  and, 
with  inooutiiience  of  tongue,  blabs  out  the 
very  thing  he  most  should  conceal,  and  then 
lies  down  to  a  good,  quiet,  snoring  deep.  1 
lookiHl  again.  His  tact*  was  old,  and  worn, 
and  miserable,  8u  should  mine  enemy  look. 
And  yet  it  waa  sad  to  gaze  upon  him,  poor 
hunted  creature ! 

I  would  gase  no  more,  lest  I  grew  weak 
and  pitiful.  Thus  I  took  my  hat,  and  softly 
opened  the  door.  The  wind  blew  in,  but  d)d 
not  disturb  him,  he  was  ao  utterly  weary.  I 
VfaM  out  in  the  open  air  of  night.  The  storm 
was  ceasing,  and  instead  of  the  black  sky  of 
doom,  that  I  had  seen  when  I  last  looked 
forth,  the  moon  was  come  out,  wan  and  pale, 
as  if  wearied  with  the  fight  in  the  heavens ; 
and  her  white  light  fell  ghostiv  and  calm  on 
many  a  well-known  object.  Now  and  then, 
a  dark  torn  cloud  was  blown  across  her  home 
in  the  sky,  but  they  grew  fewer  and  fewer, 
and  at  last  she  ahone  out  steady  and  clear. 
I  could  see  Padiham  down  before  me.  I  heard 
the  noise  of  the  water-courses  down  the  hill- 
aide.  My  mind  was  fUU  of  one  thought,  and 
atraiued  upon  that  one  thought,  and  yet  my 
senses  were  most  acute  and  observant.  When 
I  came  to  the  brook,  it  was  swollen  to  a  rapid 
tossing  river  ;  and  the  little  bridge,  with  its 
hand-rail,  was  utterly  swept  away.  It  was 
like  the  bridge  at  Sawley,  where  I  had  first 
seen  Nelly  ;  and  I  remembered  that  day  even 
then,  in  the  midst  of  my  vexation  at  having 
to  go  round.  I  turned  away  from  the  bt\>ok, 
and  there  stood  a  Httle  figure  facing  me.  No 
spirit  from  the  dead  could  have  alfnghted  me 
as  it  did  ;  for  I  saw  it  was  Grace,  whom  I 
had  left  in  bed  by  her  mother's  side. 

She  came  to  me,  and  took  my  hand  Her 
bare  feet  gUtteretl  white  in  the  moonshine ; 
and  snriiiled  the  light  upwards,  as  they 
plaslieu  through  the  pooL 

*'  Father,"  said  she,  "  Mother  bade  me  say 
this."  Then  pausing  to  gather  breath  and 
memory,  ahe  repeated  these  words,  like  a 
lesson  of  which  she  feared  to  forget  a  syl- 
lable. 

*'  Mother  says,  *  There  is  a  Qod  in  Heaven ; 
and  in  His  house  are  nutny  mansiona  If  you 
hope  to  meet  her  there,  you  will  come  back 
and  speak  to  her;  if  you  are  to  be  sepa- 
rate for  ever  and  ever,  you  will  go  on: 
and  may  God  have  mercy  on  her,  and 
on  you  ! '  Father,  I  have  said  it  hght^ 
every  word," 

1  was  silent.    At  last  I  said — 

"  "What  made  Mother  say  this  1  How 
came  she  to  send  you  out  1  '^ 

"  I  was  asLeepy  Father,  and  I  heard  her  cry. 
I  wakened  up,  and  I  think  you  had  but  just 
Left  the  house,  and  that  she  was  calling  for 
you.  Then  she  prayed,  with  the  tears  rolling 
dgwn  her  cheeks,  and  kept  saying — ^  Oh,  that 
1  could  walk  ! — Oh,  that  for  one  Thour  I  could 
run  and  walk  !'  Bo  I  said,  ' Mother,  I  can 
run  and  walk.  Wh»«  must  I  go  K  And 
she  clutched  at  my  arm  ;  and  bade  God  bl 


^ 


394 


HOrSEHOLD  WORDS. 


w»;  Mid  totd  m»  not  to  fc«v  Ibr  tluft  He 
woold  comtMUB  nie  abtjut ;  Mid  Uui^ht  DM  my 
mnm^  :  ft&d  aow,  FKtli«r,  dour  Ivtiier,  joo 
will  meet  moiber  in  Heaven,  won*!  ycm---aiid 
not  be  •epftnte  for  inrer  iind  ev«r1**  Shi^ 
daog  to  my  knmn,  iml  pleaded  once  iwirfr  in 
ber  rootlier'*  wordt.  I  t^>k  her  up  in  my 
armi^  nnd  tunied  hontcwimU. 

"  Ib  y^Q  niAn  there,  on  Uie  kilches  fkxM  T 
nakedL 

•*  Ym»  !  *•  iih«  amwered.    At  any  «*•>  my 
▼coMoce  w»»  nol  out  of  my  power  jeC 

When  we  got  home  1  paiMd  kirn,  dead 
Mlevpf 

In  our  room,  toi^hioh  my  child  guided  me, 
WM  NelJy.  She  aafc  up  in  b«d,  it  taotH  nn- 
funiiil  ntUtude  Ibr  her,  cuid  fn»  of  which  I 
thought  ahe  had  been  iiKAnable  of  altaimne 
to  without  help.  She  hod  oer  h&ndji  clamd, 
m>d  her  &oe  rapt,  as  if  In  pmyer  ;  taxA  wneti 
At  aaw  me,  ehe  hiy  back  with  a  sweet  ln> 
cAible  amile.  8he  could  not  B|^ie&k  at  tiret ; 
Imt  when  I  came  near,  she  took  my  hand,  and 
kia«ed  it,  and  then  she  called  Grace  to  her, 
and  maiie  her  take  off  her  ckxik  asd  her  wet 
thtnga,  and,  dreMed  in  her  short  aomty  nighU 
^r/rUf  ahe  •iiptjed  in  to  her  mother'^  ww 
ctde^  and  all  thia  time  my  NeUy  nercir  tokl 
me  why  the  mmmoned  me ;  it  seemed  cnoagh 
that  she  ahould  hold  my  hand,  and  feel  that  I 
waa  there,  i  lM*LieYc<l  she  had  read  my 
heart ;  and  vet  I  tliitist  not  apeak  to  aak  her 
At  Uat  the  looked  un.  <'  My  huitAnd,''  said 
■he,  "  Gcxi  has  imvtd  yo^  and  me  fraonft^tHt 
aorrow  thii  ni^hl,**  I  would  not  uiid«f«iiiid, 
■nd  I  Halt  her  look  dia  away  lAto  duwppolnt- 


"  That  poor  wandwer  in  the  howenpiacia  is 
Bichard  J  aokaoiiy  is  it  not  I  ** 
I  mfido  no  anawer.    Her  &oe  grgw  winte 

azid  wmi, 

"  Oil,"  eaid  she,  **  thia  ia  bard  to  bear, 
3|)oak  what  b  in  your  mind,  I  beg  of  you.  I 
wiU  not  thwart  you  harshly ;  dearest  Joktn, 
only  Bpeak  to  me.** 

"  Why  need  I  apeak  T  Yon  aetra  to  know 
aa" 

**  I  do  know  that  hie  is  a  voloe  I  can  nerer 
fiifget ;  and  I  do  know  the  awful  prayen  toil 
bave  pfuyed  ;  and  I  know  how  I  haTo  lain 
anrnke^  to  pray  that  your  worda  might  n«<Ter 
be  heard  ;  and   I  sun  a  powericaa  cripple.     I 

ruiy  Cfiuae  in  God'a  handa.  You  sh:iU  not 
the  man  any  harm.  What  you  have  it 
in  your  thoughts  to  do  I  cannot  telL  Bot  I 
know  that  you  can  not  do  it.  My  eyes  are 
dim  with  a  ttrange  miat,  but  some  voice  tella 
m«  that  you  will  forave  even  Richard  Jack- 
son. Di>ar  husband— -deareat  John,  it  \&  ^o 
dark,  I  oaimot  see  yoa  ;  but  epeak  onoe 
to  me." 

I  moved  tbe  candla^bat  when  I  aaw  her 
fiue,  I  eaw  what  waa  drawing  tke  raiat  over 
tboae  loving  Gye»~bnw  ctrange  and  woeful 
ihiit  ahe  could  tlie !  Her  Little  girl  lying  by 
her  aide  looked  in  my  face,,  imd  then  at 
bar ;  and  the  wiM  kncwltdfa  o£  death  shot 


through  her  young  heart,  and  ahe  aettaimed 
alond.  * 

Nelly   opened  her  eye*  «•'  They 

fell   riTKiii  the  gaunt,  Bo^^o'.^  ^n  who 

waa  tne  cause  of  all.     He  r  ii!«. -i   liiin 
hia  ajeep,  nt  that  ehihj^e   piercing  rrj^ 
o*^M«  ™t  the  door*way  looking  in.     He  I 

id  understood  wliers  the  0lorm  had 
1  _       iiim  to  ahelter.  He  oametowmrda  her  >— 

"  Uh,  woman — dyiii;;  woman — ycm  hirve 
hannted  roe  in  the  lonelineea  of  the  Bnah  far 
away^ — jrtu  have  been  in  my  drvsraa  for  erer 
— the  hunting  of  men  hiw  v*ft  hfen  w>  t**rrible 
as  the  hunting  of  — 

that  stone  !  "-—he  i  fi 

an  agony— abovt>  w  ijicii  ner  saini-uK*?  latse 
looked  on  na  all,  for  tho  kat  time,  gloriooa 
with  the  coming  light  of  hotvee.  She  apokt 
once  again : — 

**It  wm  a  moment  of  paanou-^I  M>W 
bore  rou  malice  for  it.  I  forgive  you— 4ind  so 
dom  ^ohn,  I  trust," 

Could  I  keep  nay  poipoaa  there  f  It  Ikded 
into  nothing.  But  nbore  my  diokrng  team, 
I  strove  to  apeak  dear  and  distinct,  for  hmr 
dyine  ear  to  hear,  and  hsr  alnkhig  heart  to  be 


I  forgive  you,  Richard ;  I  will  b«fri«d 
you  m  your  trouble.*' 

8he  could  not  aee;  hot  iastoftd  of  t-h* 
shadow  of  death  stealing  ovar  her  faoa, 
quiet  light  came  over  it,  which  we  knew 
the  took  of  a  soul  at  rest. 

That  night  I  listened  to  his  tale  ihr  bar 
Mko;  and  I  learnt  that  it  is  better  to  be 
flbmed  againat  than  to  sin.  In  tlie  storm  of 
the  nicrhft  mme  tnenn'  cnme  t^ri  me  ;  in  the 
calm  of  the  grey  momiTij^  I  I.  i  '  i  h,  nnd 

bode   him   "  Gtod  sp^^ed."  o  had 

come  upon  me,  but  the  brniuix^  oimken  of  A 
sinf\il,  angry  heart  waa  taken  off.  1  am  old 
now,  and  my  daughter  ta  m«'^«'"l  r  ti-vf-o 
go  alioui  preaehinff  aid  teacli  '  w 

rudaway;  and  what  I  taacli  ^t 

lived  And  died,  and  what  was  l^ieliy'*  Dssth  of 
lovew 


THE  CHOHl>S  OF  LOVE. 

Tm  heart's  best  treasures  lie  in  secret  miue^ 
As  precious  gema  of  cttrih  are  hiuicd  di»e|iest ; 

The  bflaest  metal  on  the  surfiue  shines. 
And  quick-moved  feclmgs  ore  least  wotth  and 
cheapest. 

Tha  chords  of  love  cannot  be  swept  by  nil ; 

Same  strike  thom  nidely,  and    tha  aotuid  ia 
hollow  ; 
WliHil,  if  a  gentler  touch  upon  them  &1T, 

The  BWi^teat  music  will  as  sorely  follow. 

A  low-breiihad  whimvDii^  |0iiiBtb#apflrk 
Tlint  liea  contealad  ia  tb>  boicm*a  k  iBipiiig 

And  kindlebngbtaeaBwhefeaUoooewiadAfk, 
Wakening  a&NStioa  which  beware  waa  aleeplug. 

How  sweet  to  know  that  when  <mr  bodlee  ^e. 

And  withtkedarapoold  oartiniw  slowly  Uendta^  • 
Brahaka'd  in  U&moffn  tacred  dep^lbcf  Ue^ 

Cbexish'd  by-  Lova  unspeokabH  • 


b 


ChairiM  Dkck«ii«. 


THE  DEATH  OF  A  GOBLIN, 


XiS 


AatI  nch^a  in  better  worldi  we  meet  ftgiuu* 
Asd  welcome  thoae  we  loi*  el  Heavou'd  mda 

Tbe  dcerest  tke  of  lUe  iJieli  etUl  remuii ; 
Hearts  ehAU  be  otm  wbkh  we  luUl  shored  when 
noortai 


THE  DEATH  OF  A  GOBLIN. 

There  is  a  bje-etraet,  called  the  Pallimt,  in 
an  old  cathedral  city — a  narrow  carriage-way, 
wbicli  lea<lfi  to  half-a-dozen  andaue  manaions. 
A  jrre^tt  mimber  of  yeaw  ago^  woen  I  began 
tM  tlie  prtsaence  of  a  very  fasciim ting 

'^'.  1 1  me  to  make  frequent  calls  upun 

au  tMd  mend  of  our  fiamily  who  lived  in  one 
of  the  oldest  of  these  houaea,  a  plain,  large 
buil»liJig  of  red  brick.  Tba  father,  xmd  the 
graiidluiher,  and  a  seiief  of  great  great  great 
and  olh<;r  grandfathers  of  the  then  oocaptuit, 
Sir  Fraiictt  Holyoke,  had  lived  and  died 
ben«iath  ita  roof.  So  much  I  knew;  and  1 
bad  inkling  of  a  leejeiid  in  conuexion  with  the 
place,  a  very  Uornule  a6Eair.  How  and  wlien 
1  heard  the  story  Mly  tokl,  I  have  good 
roiaoR  to  Ttmcmhir, 

We  were  in  the  great  dark  waizuooted 
parlour  one  Deeembcr  evening;  papa  was 
<mt  I  sat  with  Miu^ret  by  the  fireside,  and 
saw  in  the  em  ben  viBiona  of  what  miuht  come 
to  pass,  but  never  did.  Elleu  wua  playing  at 
her  harpsichord  in  a  dtu-k  comer  of  the  room, 
BiuifjiiL!  a  quaint  and  cheerful  duet  out  of 
t;  L*ur  de  Lion  with  my  old  school- 

)•  ai  Uwuu,  a  nentimeutal  youtii,  who 

bticaiiitf  id  U±rwm-d3  a  martyr  to  the  gout,  aad 
faroke  Ilia  neck  at  a  great  ateeploKshaaa  "The 
CkMi  of  Love  a  bandeau  weari,"  those  two 
were  idnging.  Ti-uly,  they  had  their  own 
eyes  iilleteii  The  ttr^light  glow,  when  it 
ocataionally  Hiekored  ou  the  eheek  over  whioh 
jftoki  wua  bendint{,  could  not  raise  the  aem- 
bknoe  of  young  health  upon  its  ahining  white- 
tteae.  That  beautiful  white  band  waa  £Ulen 
into  dual  before  Paul  Oweu  had  half  earned 
the  WLHlding-riog  that  should  eacircle  it. 

**  Thanka  to  you,  giater — thanka,  too,  to 
Gretry  for  a  pleasant  ditty.  Now,  don't  let 
ua  hava  candles.  Shall  we  hare  ghost 
•tones?" 

"  WhMX  !  in  a  haunted  houae  ?  *" 

**  The  very  thing,"  cried  Paul ;  "  let  us 
liave  ail  the  story  oif  the  Ghost  of  Holyoke. 
I  never  heard  it  properly." 

Ellen  was  busy  at  her  harpsiehoi-d  again, 
with  figments  from  a  Stahat  Mater.  Not 
BcKisini'd  luscious  lamentatiou,  but  the  deep 
pathos  of  that  Itadiau,  who  in  days  paRt 
"  ma»rcbat  et  dolebat,''  who  moved  the  people 
with  his  masterpiece,  and  was  stabbed  to 
death  by  a  rival  at  the  cathedral  door. 

•'  Why,  ElJen,  you  look  as  if  you  feared  the 

"  N  •  •*     '  -i't«  said  ;  "we  know  it  i*^  —  i  " 
tale.  .  tire,  Paul,  and  1 

you  ft' I  ji  the  harroiiflhord,  in  u:  „. 

you  may  notiiiugh  while  Margjiret  isteliingit." 


'*  Well,  then,"  began  Margaret,  "  of  counw 
thiM  story  is  all  uonaenae." 

"  Of  couiwc  it  ia,"  said  J, 

^  Of  course  it  ia>"  said  Paul. 

Elleu  continueii  playing. 

"  I  mean/'  aaid  Margaret^  **  that  ntally  Hid 
truly  DO  part  of  it  can  possibly  be  anything 
but' fiction.  P^pa,  you  know,  ia  a  great 
genealogist,  mid  he  says  that  our  an« 
ceator,  Godfrey  of  Holyoke.  die<i  in  the  Holy 
Laud,  and  had  two  sons,  but  never  had  a 
daughter.  Some  old  nurae  made  the  tale 
that  he  died  here,  in  the  house,  and  had  a 
daughter  Ellen.  This  daughter  Ellen,  says 
the  tale,  was  sought  in  marriagB  by  a  young 
knight  who  won  her  eood-will,  out  could  not 
get  her  father's.  Inat  Ellen — verj'  much 
unlike  our  gentle,  timid  sister  in  the  comer 
there — wae  proud  and  wilful,  Slie  and  her 
father  quarrelled.  His  health  failed,  because, 
the  storj'  hints  mysterioualy,  she  put  a  akw 
and  subtle  poison  into  his  after-supper  cup 
night  after  night.  One  evening  they  quMTclled 
violently,  and  the  next  morning  Sir  (aodfrey 
was  gone.  His  daughter  said  that  he  had  len 
the  house  in  anger  with  her»  The  tale,  det^er- 
miued  to  be  horrible.  Bays  that  she  TKtiaoned 
him  outright,  and  with  her  own  hantb  hnried 
him  in  an  old  cellar  under  this  room-  That 
oellar-door  is  fastened  with  a  padlock,  to 
which  there  Is  no  key  reiuainiiuf.  Not  being 
wanted,  it  haa  not  b^  opaiiea  probably  for 
aooores  of  yeara," 

"WeUr* 

**  Wall— 4n  a  year  or  two  the  daiughter  mar- 
ried, acd  in  time  had  children  i»r*ainjjertng 
about  thk  house.  But  her  health  failed.  The 
cliUdi^n  fell  ill,  and,  excepting  one  or  two,  alt 
died.    One  night " 

"Yes;* 

**0n«  nig  lit  she  lay  awake  tit  rough  care; 
and  in  the  middle  of  the  night  a  figure  Uke 
her  father  came  into  the  room,  holding  a  cirp 
like  Uiat  fi\>m  which  he  used  to  drink  after 
his  supper^  It  aaored  inatuiibly  to  where  she 
lay,  piaoed  the  cup  to  her  li|>B  ;  a  chill  cnme 
over  her.  The  figure  passed  awsy,  Uit  in  a 
few  minutes  she  heard  th«  shutting'  of  the 
oaUar-door.  After  that  she  watf  olien  kepi 
awake  by  dread,  and  ofleti  saw  that  she  wns 
visited.  She  heard  tha  oellat^door  ereak  oa 
its  hinge,  and  knew  it  vraa  her  father  coming. 
Ouci»  £e  watched  all  night  hy  the  siok  bed  of 
hei-  eldetit  child  ;  the  goblin  came,  and  pat  the 
cup  to  her  chilirs  lipa  ;  ahe  kuew  thea  ttiait 
her  children  who  were  deail,  and  she  hereelf 
who  was  dying,  and  that  child  of  hers,  had 
tasted  of  her  father's  poiaon.  Bhe^l 
And  ever  ^ee  that  time,  the  k^ 
Sir  Godfirev  walks  at  night,  and  uui^  1113  inud 
gt>hlet  to  tLe  line  of  his  descendants,  of  the 
children  and  children's  children  of  hie  crael 
chilli.  It  is  quite  true  that  sioklineea  and 
Hi  occur  more  frequently  among  thoae  wh© 
liiit  thia  house  than  is  to  be  easily  ao^ 
.-.iLed  for.  So  atory-teilera  have  accounted 
for  it,  aa  vou  see.     But  it  is  eertain  that 


336 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


Sir  Godfrey  fell  in  PttUeBtine,  and  had  do 
daiiffhtcr." 

Ellen  oontinuefl  plajin^  with  her  face 
iKiwetl  down  over  the  harpsichord.  Murgaret, 
a  heiilthy  cheerful  girl,  had  livfKl  generally 
witli  au  old  aunt  iu  the  South  of  England. 
But  the  two  glrla  were  mouniiii^.  In  the 
flower  of  her  yeara  their  mother  ha«l  depftrted 
fiHDtn  them,  afWr  long  lingering  in  broken 
health,  The  bandeau  Beeme<i  to  have  been 
nnrolled  from  poor  PauFs  eyes,  for,  aller  a 
long  pause,  which  had  been  tilled  by  Ellen^B 
musie^  he  aaid, 

**  Ellen,  did  ^ou  ever  see  Sir  Godfrey  I " 

She  left  her  hurj»Kichord  and  came  to  him, 
and  leaning  down  over  his  shoulder, kiaeed  him. 

Waa  she  thinking  of  the  sorrow  tha^t  would 
come  upon  hini  aoon  7 

Th«  sudden  closing  of  a  heavy  door  startled 
U8  all.  But  a  loud  jovial  voice  restored  our 
ffpirita.  Sir  Francis  had  come  in  from  hia 
afternoon  walk  and  gossip^ and  was  elamuuriug 
for  t€tt. 

**Why,  bo3r«  and  girb,  all  in  the  dark  I 
What  mischief  ore  you  after  \ '"' 

"Lamghiiig  at  the  Holyoke  Ghost,  papa," 
aaid  Mai-garct." 

"  Laughing,  indeed  ;  you  look  as  if  you  had 
been  drinking  with  him.  Silly  tale  !  silly 
tale !  Look  at  me,  I  'm  hule  and  hearty. 
Why  don't  Sir  Godfrey  ttickle  me '}  I  *d  like  a 
draught  out  of  his  flagon." 

A  door  l>elow  ua  creaSced  upon  its  hinges. 
Ellen  ahrank  hack  visibly  alarmed. 

"You  ftilly  butterfly,**  Sir  Fnmcia  cried, 
"  it  *8  Thonuw  coming  up  out  of  the  kitchen 
with  the  candles  30U  left  me  to  order.  Tea, 
girls,  Tea  1 " 

Sir  FranciBj  a  stout,  warm-faced,  and  warm- 
hearted gentleman,  kept  us  amuse*!  through 
the  remamder  of  that  evening.  My  busine«a 
the  next  day  cidled  me  to  London,  fixim 
whence  I  sailed  in  a  few  days  for  Valparaiao, 
WhiltJ  abroad^  I  heard  of  Ellen's  death.  On 
my  return  to  England,  I  went  immediately  to 
the  old  cathedral  cit^%  where  I  had  mjuiy 
irienda.  There  I  was  shocked  to  hear  that 
Sir  F^!unciB  himself  hatl  died  of  ajjoplexy,  and 
that  MftTcaret,  the  wle  heir  and  sur\'ivor,  had 
gone  back,  with  her  health  injured,  to  live 
with  her  aimt  in  the  South  of  Enghuid.  The 
dear  old  house,  ghost  and  all,  had  been  To 
Let,  and  had  been  taken  by  a  schoolmbtresa. 
It  wajB  now  '^Holyoke  Houso  Seminary  for 
Young  Ladies." 

The  school  had  succeeded  through  the 
talent  of  its  miBtresii ;  but  although  she  waa 
not  a  lady  of  the  stocks  and  backboard  school, 
the  Btoklineaa  among  her  pupils  had  been  very 
noticeable.  Scarlet  fever,  too,  hatl  got  among 
them,  of  which  three  had  died.  The  school 
had  become  in  conBe<|ueiice  almost  deserted, 
and  the  lady  who  hatl  occupie<l  the  house  was 
on  the  point  of  Quitting.  Surely.  1  thought, 
if  this  be  Sir  Goofrey's  work,  h«  is  as  relent- 
less an  old  goblin  as  can  be  imagined. 

For  private  reasona  of  my  own,  I  travelled 


south.  Margaret  bloomed  again  ;  a«  for  hca* 
aunt)  she  wbs  a  peony  iu  fullest  flower  She 
had  a  breezy  house  by  the  sea-side,  abomi* 
nated  dirt  and  spiders,  and,  l>efore  we  h:«d 
been  five  minuter  together,  abuj^'l  '"■•  '"r 
having  lavender-water  uixjn  my  h 
She  hated  smells,  it  seemed;  she  1 

antipathy  so  far  as  to  throw  a  bouquet  wut  of 
the  window  which  I  had  been  putting  together 
with  great  patience  and  palna  for  Margaret. 

We  talked  of  the  old  house  at 

"I  tell  you  wlnit  it  ia,  Peggy/*  she  said, 
"  if  ever  you  miirry,  ghost  or  no  ghost,  you  're 
the  heir  of  the  HolyoKe8,and  in  the  old  hoi 
you  shall  live.  As  soon  aa  Mis«  Wdliams 
quitted,  I  *ll  put  on  my  bonnet  and  run  aci 
with  you  into  the  north," 

And  so  she  did.  We  stalked  togetlier  into 
the  desolate  old  house.  It  echoed  our  tread 
dismally. 

"  Peggy,''  said  Aunt  Anne  with  her  eyes 
quite  tilted,  '*  Peggy,  I  amell  a  smell.  Let  *s 
go  down  stairs."     W"e  went  into  the  kitchen. 

"  Pegg)%"  the  old  ladv  sAid,  "  it  'h  "^vij  Iwi. 
T  think  it's  Sir  Godfrey." 

"  O  aunt !  "  said  Margaret,  hkughing ;  **  be 
died  in  Paleatine,  and  is  dust  long  ago.  * 

"  I  'm  sure  it "%  Sir  Godfrey."  said  At 
Anne. — ^^  You  fellow,^'  to  me,  **  just  take 
bar  belonging  to  that  windownahntter,  and 
come  idong  with  me.  Peggy,  show  ua  Sir 
Godfre/g  ceUar.'* 

Margaret  changed  colour.  '-What,"  said 
the  old  lady,  "ifinch  at  a  ghost  you  da»*t 
believe  in  !  I  'm  nut  afraid,  see ;  yet  I  'm  sur« 
Sir  Godfrey  s  in  the  cellar.    Ck>me  along," 

We  came  and  stood  before  die  mysterious 
door  with  its  enormous  padlock.  ''  I  smeU 
the  ghost  distinetly,"  said  Aunt  Anne. 

>£irgai-et  didn't  know  ghosts  had  a  smelL 

"Br^ik  the  door  open,  you  chap."  I 
battered  with  the  bar,  the  oaken  planks  wera 
rotten  and  soon  fell  apjiil — some  fell  into  the 
cellar  with  a  phij^h.  There  wm  a  foul  smelL 
A  dark  cellar  ha^l  a  very  little  daylight  lot 
into  it, — we  I'oiild  just  aee  the  floor  covered 
with  filth,  in  wliich  some  of  the  phmks  had 
sunk  and  disapiMmi-ed. 

**  There,*'  said  the  old  lady,  "there's  the 
stuff  yom*  ghoat  h.inl  m  hifi  cup.  There's 
your  Sir  Gocifrey  who  poisona  sleepers,  and 
cuts  off  your  cluldren  and  your  girls.  Bah  I 
We  *11  set  to  work,  Peggy ;  it  *s  clear  yonr 
anc^dors  knew  or  cared  nothing  alxjut 
drainage.  Wt;  11  have  the  house  drained 
properly,  and  that  will  be  the  death  of  tha 
GobliiJ* 

So  it  wasi^  as  om*  six  children  can  testify. 


I^ict  Turtt  SkiiUmgt, 
Thb  first  volume  or  tu« 

HOtrSEHOLS     NABBATIVE     OF 
CITBBENT     £Y£KT& 

Belas  *  complela  fi«eo(4  of  Um  aTtiiU  of  CiM  f«ar 
EtailTKEN  HUNDRED  AND  FIPTT. 


tkt  omm  ^^  Mh  1t«Ul«iW«  tUHt  K«lt^  t«nB4.   T*»«iA*»  U**»»«m  aik^  w««^^ 


**  Familiar  in  their  Mouths  at  HOUSEHOLD  WORDS:'— ^»^^»^^u. 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS 

A    WEEKLY    JOURNAL 
CONDUCTED     BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


i 


N*»-4L] 


SATURDAY.  JANUAET  4,  1851. 


[PmcE  2d, 


THE    LAST  WORDS    OF   THE 
OLD  YEAR 

This  venerable  gentleiaan,  clirifltened  (in 
the  Clrnrch  of  England)  by  tlie  niunes  One 
ThousaiKl  Eight  Hundre<l  and  Fifty,  who  had 
atUiined  the  great  age  of  three  hundred  and 
"  ity-five  (days),  brciithed  his  last,  at  mid- 
ight,  on  the  thirty-first  of  December,  in  the 
"presence  of  his  coutidential  buBmese-a^ntfi^ 
tlie  Chief  of  the  Grave  Diggers,  and  the  Head 
KecfUtrai'  of  Births.  The  melancholy  event 
tooK  phico  at  the  re«<lence  of  the  deceased,  on 
the  eonfinea  of  Time  ;  and  it  13  understood 
that  his  aahe*  will  rest  in  the  family  vault, 
situated  witliiii  the  quiet  pi-ecincta  oi^  Chro- 
nobgj'. 

For  some  weeks,  it  hai*l  been  manifest  that 
the  venerable  gentleman  was  rapidly  ainkin^r, 
He  was  well  aware  of  his  approaching  end, 
and  often  preiiicte*!  that  he  would  expire  at 
twelve  at  night,  as  the  whole  of  liiii  auceatora 
had  done.  Tlie  result  proved  him  to  be 
MlK>rrect,  for  he  kept  hia  time  to  the  moment. 

He  had  always  evinced  a  talkative  diaposi- 
Uon,  and  latterly  became  extremely  garrulous. 
Oocasiou&lly,  iu  the  months  of  November  and 
December,  he  exchumed,  "  No  Popery !  " 
with  some  aymptoms  of  a  disordered  mind ; 
but,  generally  sfkeaking,  was  in  the  full  pos- 
session of  hia  faculties,  and  XQty  sensible. 

On  the  night  of  hia  death,  Wing  then  per- 
fectly collected,  he  deliveretl  himself  in  the 
folio winff  terras,  to  hia  friends  already  men- 
tioned, Uie  Chief  of  the  Grave  Diggers  and 
the  Head  Registrar  of  Eirtha  : 

''  We  have  done,  my  friends,  a  good  deal  of 
bosLDess  together,  and  yon  are  now  about  to 
enter  into  the  serAice  of  my  succeasor.  May 
five  every  s^itis faction  to  hira  and  his ! 
^ve  been,^'  said  the  goovl  old  gentle- 
itly,  "m  Year  of  Ruin.  I  have 
all  the  formers,  destroyed  the  laud, 
iven  the  final  blow  to  the  Agricultural 
Interest,  and  smashed  the  Country,  It  ia 
true,  I  have  been  a  Year  of  Commercial  Proa- 
pen^,  and  remarkablti  for  the  steadiueaa  of 
my  English  Fund^,  which  have  never  been 
than  uinety-four,  or  higher  than  ninety- 
•even  and  three-quailera.  But  you  will 
Ion  the  inconaiiStencied  of  a  weak  old  man. 
I  had  fondly  hoped,"  he  pursned,  with 
jh  feeUng,  addressing  the   Chief  of  Uiu 


Grave  Diggers,  "  thiit,  before  my  decease,  you 
would  have  finally  adjusted  the  turf  over 
the  aehes  of  the  Honourable  Board  of  Com- 
missioners of  Sewers ;  the  most  feeble  and 
incompetent  Body  that  ever  *iid  outrage  to 
the  common  sense  of  any  conmi unity,  or  was 
ever  beheld  by  any  member  of  my  family. 
I  But,  as  this  wa;^  not  to  be,  I  cliai'ge  you,  df» 
your  duty  by  them  in  the  days  of  my  auc- 
cessor ! " 

The  Chief  of  the  Grave  Diggers  solemnly 
pleflged  himself  to  observe  this  request,  Tlie 
Abortion  of  Incapablea  referred  to,  ha<l  (lie 
said)  done  much  tor  him,  in  the  way  of  pic- 
serving  his  business,  endangered  by  tlie 
recommendatioDS  of  the  Board  of  Health  ; 
but,  regardless  of  all  personal  obligations,  he 
thereby  undertook  to  lay  them  low.  Deeper 
than  they  were  aheady  buried  in  the  con- 
tempt of  the  pubhc,  (this  he  swore  upon  his 
spatje)  he  would  shovel  the  earth  over  their 
preposterous  heads ! 

The  venei*abl«  gentleman,  whose  mind 
appeared  to  be  relieved  of  an  enormous  load, 
by  this  promise,  ntretched  out  his  hand,  and 
tranquilly  returned,  '*  Thank  vou !  Bless 
you ! " 

"  I  have  been,"  he  said,  resuming  his  last 
dIsooui«e,  after  a  abort  interval  of  ailefit  sati!*- 
faction,  "doomed  to  witness  the  sacnfice  of 
many  valuable  and  dear  lives,  in  steamboats, 
because  of  the  want  of  the  commonest  and 
easiest  precautions  for  the  prevention  of  those  | 
legal  murdera.  In  the  days  of  my  great ' 
grandfather,  there  yet  existed  an  invention 
called  Padillebox  Boats.  Can  either  of  you 
gild  the  few  remaining  sands  Gnat  running 
through  my  glass,  with  the  hope  that  my 
great  grandson  may  see  its  adoption  made 
compu&ory  ou  the  owners  of  paaaengc 
steiuu-sliips  ? " 

After  a  despondent  pause,  the  Head  lle- 
gistrar  of  Birtlis  gently  observed  that,  iu 
England,  the  recognition  of  iuiy  such  in- 
vention by  the  legislature — particularly  if 
simple,  and  of  proved  necessity — could 
scarcely  be  expected  under  a  hundi*ed  years. 
In  China,  such  a  result  might  follow  in  fifty, 
but  in  England  {he  considered)  in  not  less 
th&u  a  hundred.  The  venerable  invalid  r^ 
plied,  "  "  True,  true  !  "  and  for  some  minutes 
appeared  faint,  but  aflerwjtrda  railiciL 

**  A    stupendous    materiid    work  ; "  these 


'oL.  n. 


Ks. 


I 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDSl 


C<MA«eMi|r 


ware  his  next  wotvls;  "' 
In  my  time.     Do  T.  u  I 

U 

ni; 

tm-L  j     :  ■    .  _.      -.     ^ 

p«mk  coming  ueivn-r  I  " 

lie  snt  up  ID  liis  ImxI,  m  h0  spoke,  and  a 
grckjit  Hifht  seemed  to  abinc  from  Kim  ejes. 

'*  IV*  I,"  )w  9Hii\  "  who  liavf  boon  ifeaf?nctl 

:it 

lor 


>»y  a  wit!; 
on  ft  tlf  1 

ibnc^e  who  li 

.A    ^-i - 

hi 

rev-    ^    L---- 

H«ad  ~  R4^i5tnr 

pcnoiiAge 


of 


1-      li^XIllIlg       VtVll'S, 

^  "vor  his  eyes,  and 

\     Presently,  di- 

^   ijioe    towartlB  the 

lArtba,  he   aiked  that 


'      ■  -   .V4ry 

iiiy 

^^;„.....  „  .  jr  &  grett  display 
^^  ftins  aad  oecllgenoea,  to  be,  hy 
emulation  of  lol  eyes,  and  stcftdjr 
xm'nM  of  :l11  hearts  and  hands,  set  right  V 
Conift  hither  my  TUght  Reverend  BrollLer,  to 
whom  an  English  ti*agedy  presented  in  tho 
theatre  is  contamliuitiou,  t»iit  who  art  a 
Bifihop,  none  the  l»»a's  in  :"  "  '         "^rt*- 


latlon   of  Greek   Plan's 

a  life  of  Latin  Vir»ea  Ami   t^^uaiinncs,  and 
stndy  the  Humanities  thiough  thtH  trsat* 
parent  windows  !   Wake,  Coll^««  of  Oxford, 
nrom  day-dreams  of  eoclesiastical  melo-djnuna, 
and  look  in  on  theee  realities  in  the  daylight, 
for  the  n^ht  cometh  when  no  man  can  work  1 
Listen,  my  Lords  and  Gentlemen,  to  the  roar 
*'  How  many  of  Tlu»de  y  horn  Nature  brings  j  within,  so  deep,  so  real,  so  low  down,  to  xn- 
xvithin  yo«r  uroviDoe^  in  the  spot  of  earth  cefismt  and  awumulative  !     Not  all  the  iie«ly 
cal       ^  «\  am  ndlher  wad  nor  write,  in '  pip*a  of  all  the  ahepherds  that  cteroalhr  pUy 

1  one  little  tniie — ^not  twice  aa  °^^^,  "**  ^^ 

\  erse«  as  would  reach  firom  UaU  j;;lobe 

.Moon  and  hack — not  all  the  Qtumtitic* 

,u   r,-n  ..ver  were,  or  wUl  be»  in   tha 

s  of  Proaod^,  or   Taw,  ok 


aft 

'iii'.'  iu*^,i--.irai' 
laat  luntitn'r  of 
"about  forty 'live 

"  And  iu  itiv 
Mnv."  siild  t!ir  . 
1 

he 
w- 

Wll  ' 

Tl 

the    tmin. 
whipjied  in  ^ 
whin|>ed  !      N 
uo  Wttcr  F 

Will  It  :..v.^ 


'"  ning  to  t) 
laibucataoi 

the  niooth 


l»Ut 


m>  1  r   Irvm 

3tK  L  iitioUB  •>f  1. 

*•  Iu  the  t^uue  mouth. '  1 
he  tiecame  mure  calm,  ''ai. 
an  Eacliih  Priitoe^  waa  bom,  mij 
t«ktD  DtMn 
hiMibifr     " 


hia   Princely  home,    (^eavena 


or  QoantitlcB  of  uxivftmi^ 
It  work  in  the  right  spirit,  will  qui 
-'  :oTid,  or  clear  an  inch    of  space 

of  the  bad  reaulla  <j>{    vr 

shall  we  hold  it?     WL  .i 

-u-xlug,  di.Jl  we  open  it  ?    What  courtier  speaki  I  ** 

sp^ke       After  the  foregoing  rfaapeody, tbc  TeBec»bhi 

ntleman  became  for  a  time,  ntudi  enfeebled  ; 

\d  the  Cbief  of  the  Giuve  Biggen  took  a  few 

-/    iiiinotes*  rcpgae. 

.  !  ^  As  the  handa  of  the  ckick  were  nav  n^Mj 
aoi^iuioln^  towards  the  hour  whiek  tbe  io-. 
r*emely  |  valid  had  predicted  would  be  tik  ImI,  b&a 
.  e  torn  attendants  considered  it  expedieat  U> 
for  the ,  him  as  to  his  amngements  in  canuada 
I  his  worldly  afbira  ;  both,  bsi«g  in 
i.  when  whether  t&sae  were  completed,  < 
V  week,  whether  he  had  anything  to  lttt«,  thm 
hiin  of  the  Grave  Digger^  as  the  fittest 


in  ^ncuMi. 
hisQ^and  the 

b<N 

'\ •       .r 

Chief  of  :hc  llravc   l»ii 
hav»  ffrpat  txi^^rietice  of 

(ti,,  ■      '•    • 

bill 


sadi  an  office^  undtftook  iL    He 
r  quired,  whether  his  finend  and  n 
y  testamentary  withes 
>y  should  be  fiuihfidly 


r 


'  Thank  you^'^  retumad  tlia  aid 
Lth  a  smile,  for  he  was  oooe  bm« 
•r  ui'  ihvm  ail  : '  '  I  have  Something  to  beqaMlii  to  mj  tsm 

of  Births  and   the  ccsmt  ;  but  not  so  auich  (I  aa  hapfiy  to  «aj)i 
;^rs,  both  td  whom  \  as  I  might  imve  had.    The  SondEur  Postage! 
tttfancy,  [urcde^thied. '  mic«ticai,  thank  God,  I  have  goi  na  of  j 
suppose,  1a  ^^  jiasleee  AjBhaneftdoo  are  g«ke 

usd  sham  ey  stay  thcf«  I  ** 

'Tieasitt  Kueir^     luia  pioBS  aiyiraHfln  was  iiwpottjwi  Ic^ 
'  vith  great  ferror,  hy  hoth  the  attfwianti. 
I  haT«  sm  TUB.-   aid    a« 


''  I  baT«  seen  ym."  aid  «fe  tmrntils 
«talor,  addresni^  iibtt  CbM  ai  tbs  Grmrv 
grers,  ''Inr  bensslk  tlhe  grommd,  a  mmM 


^Ki^k^^  M:lf-uui|.iv^ea ;  w^tTvhy  iLi^otStdAiA 


iggers,  -^r  bensslk  tlhe  grommd,  a  | 
ikatflSBkan  and  a  ftUea  Kiag  of  Fimnc^  ^ 

TV  Chief  cT  the  (kmre  Difficis 
•ItMtrwL" 


CLftdu  0Ic1««l1 


MES.  ILlKFOriB^S  NEW  YEAO^'S  DINXEK. 


339 


"  I  de«ii«,"  said  the  Testator,  in  a  lUat  met 
voice,  "to  enUil  the  remeiubrano«  of  them 
on  my  aoccoesors  for  ever.  Of  the  atatea- 
1UAU,  as  an  EngUakmim  who  rejected  au  ad- 
vcntitiotis  ncil»LTity,  aad  composedly  knew  hb 
owjh  Of  the  King,  lua  a  great  example  that 
the  monarch  vho  aildrej^es  himiielf  to  the 
mealier  pasaiODs  of  huiiiaultj,  and  governs  by 
cunning  and  corruiitlon,  mfikes  his  bed  of 
thorns,    and    sets    tua    throue    on    tihiftiug 


saooeesor,"  said  the 
'  tbemagain,  ''avast 
•n  and  n^lect   in 

luiu,  if  he  be  wise,  to 


The  Head  Registrar  of  BirthB  took  a  note 
ai  the  bequest. 

**Is  there  any  other  wLali,"  enqtiired  the 
Chief  of  the  Gmve  Diggers,  observing  tliat  his 
patron  closed  his  eyea. 

"I  bequeath  to  my 
Bsdent  geutlema :  i 
Inlittritanoe  of 
Rngland ;  and  I  cn:ir^^<: 
get  speedily  thxonj^'h  it.    I  do  hereby  give 
jjTvi  K.  .„..,^th  to  liim,  also,  Ireland.    And  I 
;i  Aim  to  leave  it  to  his  suoceaaor  in 

u  uilition  than  he  will  find  it.     He 

can  hardly  leave  it  in  a  wonae.** 

The  scratching  of  the  pen  used  by  th© 
Head  l^?gi£trar  of  Birtha,  was  the  only  flound 
that  broke  the  ensuing  silence. 

^  I  do  give  and  bequeath  to  him,  likewiee," 
cnid  the  Testator,  rouaing  himself  by  a 
vigorous  effoit,  **the  Coui't  of  Chancery. 
ISc  leas  he  leaves  of  it  to  hia  aueoeaaor,  the 
better  for  mankind." 

The  Head  Registrar  of  Births  wn»te  as  ex- 
peditiously as  possible,  for  the  clock  showed 
that  it  wau9  within  tive  minutes  of  midnight. 

"Also,  I  do  give  and  bequeulU  to  him," 
juid  the  Testator,  "  the  oosth  complications  o1 
the  Eui'lish  law  in  general  Witji  which  I 
do  hereby  couple  the  same  advice." 

The  Begistror,  coming  to  the  end  of  his 
note,  repeated,  *^  The  same  advioe.^^ 

'^Also,  I  do  give  and  bequeath  to  him," 
said  the  Testator,  "the  Window  Tax.  Also, 
a  general  mismanagement  of  all  public  ex- 
penditure, revenues,  and  property,  in  Great 
BritMn  and  its  pMBessicmfl. 

The  azudouB  Registrar^  with  a  glance  at  the 
dock,  repeated,  "  And  its  powMUona." 

^  Also,  I  do  give  and  iw^neath  to  him,^' 
laid  the  Testator,  collecting  his  strength  once 
more,  by  a  surprising  effort,  "  Nicholas  Wise- 
man and  the  Pope  of  Rome,'* 

The  two  attendants  bre«thleaBly  enquired 
iOlgether,  "  With  what  injunctions  ? " 

"To  study  well,"  said  the  Te«Utor,  "the 
meech  of  the  Dean  of  Bristol,  made  at 
Isristol  aforesaid  ;  and  to  deal  witli  them  and 
tbo  whole  vexed  question,  according  to  that 
i^keeoh.  And  I  do  hereby  give  and  bequeath 
ti  my  successor,  the  said  speech  aad  the  said 
futhful  Dean,  as  great  posseraions  and  good 
guid^.  And  I  wish  with  all  my  heart,  the 
Bwd  faithful  Dean  were  removed  a  little 
futht*r  to  the  West  of  England  and  made 
Bishop  of  Exeter  r' 

With  this,  the  Old  Year  tamed  serenely  on 


his  side,  and  breathed  his  last  in  pe&i^e. 
Whereon, 

With  twelve  great  shocks  of  soimd, 

Wss  chieh'd  and  Uammor'd  from  a  hnndrod  toironi. 
One  ofter  one, 

the  comingof  the  New  Year.  He 
joyfully.  The  Head  Begistrar,  mui 
mere  force  of  habit,  an  entry  of  1  i, 

while  the  Chief  of  the  Grave  DIt;:  -  >  t: 
charge  of  hia  predecessor  ;  abided  tkL^t  'Aurda 
in  Letters  of  C5rold.    Mat  it  bs  a  wise  axd 

HaI'PY    YiliLR,  FOB   ALL   OF  US  I 


MUS.  RANFORD'S  NEW  YEAR'S 
DINNER 

It  was  Chi-Lstmas  mormug.  Winter  had 
set  in  with  December,  and  snow  had  been 
lying  on  the  grounA  for  most  of  the  month. 
The  whole  country  lay  white  and  quiet  The 
sun  rose  this  morning  in  a  cloudless  E«ky^  and 
made  promise  of  a  splendid  ilay.  The  glad- 
some bells  were  heard  ringing  out  Ciom  distant 
villages ;  there  was  a  miinunr  of  music  in  the 
air  which  calkd  forth  a  respondent  mnsic  in 
the  heai-t.  The  roads  were  beaten  hard,  yet, 
untouched  by  any  sullying  thaw,  were  almost 
as  dazzhngly  pure  as  the  fields  around. 
Through  the  clear,  keen  air  went  long  lines 
of  wild  fowl,  seeking  yet  unfrozeii  streams  in 
this  pincliing  time.  The  very  rooks,  tamed 
by  Beverit\%  came  into  the  ga^deDl^  a&d 
appeidod  to  the  compasaion  of  man. 

As  the  morning  advanced,  a  fresh  peal  of 
1*11b,  from  tlie  iUlferent  churches,  calleu  forth 
multitudes  of  people,  wrappetl  in  overcoat  and 
cloak,  with  warm  gloves^  and  ^rs  and  mut& ; 
and  there  were  nappy  families  of  old  and 
young  nodding  to  other  happy  fanuliea,  and 
exchunging  the  old  congratulations  of  a  merry 
Christmas  and  a  happy  New  Year.  Soon  the 
pealing  bells  rose  m  their  kindling  eucrcry 
to  a  per^fct  sough  and  jubilance  of  sound, 
then  sinking  in  tremulous  cadence,  suddenly 
ceased,  and  the  congregations  of  the  people 
found  themselves  face  to  hcc  with  each  other 
and  with  God. 

In  two  cliurches  in  Lincolnsliire  sate  two 
men,  each  thinking  of  the  other  ;  e.'vc>i  kno'iru 
to  the  world  :w  the  other's  bitter  en  • 
regarding  the  other  as   the  moat 
and  dishonest  of  men.     These  ni»M 
hve  in  the  same  town.     The  one 
pai-i>di  church  in  Wainfleet,  the  oth  i  ii 

that  noble  tower  so  odtlly  tcrai»- I  ,:.  i  n 
Stump.     He  who  sate  in  T"  -i.-n  ^  -      r  | 

man ;  he  who  sate  in  V^ 
him.      The  one   had    1><         ,       ^  i 

happy,  aad  might  ha%'e  said,  with  many  such 
a  man  before  Mm,  '*  What  can  move  me  * " 
But  all  thn  had  been  changed  as  bj  witch- 
craft. The  man  of  Wainfleet  had  dragfcfd 
him  down  in  a  long  and  desperate  struggle. 
The  happiness  of  his  home  had  been  destroyed  j 
his  good  name  stained  as  by  the  inky  waters 
of  Erebus  ;  his  tinends — all  those  fast  frusuda 


340 


HOUSEHOU>  WOllDS. 


They  regarded  him 

\  1  M^erite. 


P 


^-e«tniiig«d  frtvm  him  ! 
na  1%  base  :md  ni>i<'<'li!'<'  1 

Thus  sate  tl^ 
the  collect : — "  who  haat  giveu 

lis  thy  <inly-bci^uitcu  Sun.  Iaj  Uke  our  nature 
iipoa'  htnu  an*)  at  this  time  to  be  bom  of  a 
pur?  Virgin  ;  grruit  thnt  we,  being  regenerate^ 
Hint  ntiuU'  th\M'hiliiiiea  bjadoptiou  aiid  piiice, 
I  '    '     1  Hvetl   by  thy  IT  ' 

I  Ixirvi  Je*\is  < 


the  anffelic  anthem  of  "  Peace  on  eartli  And 
goodwill  amoug^t  luea  "  hiui  been  w»>rk«l  out 
lo  the  wortlfi  of  with  n  divijte  ivality  by  the  Son  of  Grod,  %uti 
over  tlic  eftrth  lia*i  gone  a  breath  of  hcttven 
d^tiDed  to  cherish  peace  and  kindncMi — art^ 
and  sdeuce,  and  literntiire  ;  {jregiuuxt  with 
triumphs,  not  of  blood,  but  of  momianiimty  ; 
not  of  strong  men  over  cuie  atiottier,  hut  of 
Boula  over  Uteir  rv  '  v   sue- 

ceeding  ajre  rissinrr  le  and 

more  to  the  dignity  ««..  .v^.^.^ ,  ^^  i^.K  huAV&i 


!♦..., i  .»..;  .,i;^^illa   with  thee,  .•uiii  ^.iv  ^ 

Spirit,   ever    ouo   Grxl,  world    without    cml, '  there  revealed. 

Amen!"     Tlieir   w,is  n  solemn  murmur  of       Longmore  @hook  his  head,  and    said   in- 

"  Ameu  !  Amen  *  "  niid  the  man  also  uttered    wanlly,  '^Bdh  !  mere  vLsioni.    AIUt  eigliteeu 

t!u'  **  Arutu "  with  Ills  lips,  but  it  wm  not  in  1  huudml  yeare,  where  are  the  proafs  1    Have 


On  that  heart  sate  the  peoM  of 
ami  buitu^l  the  bittanieas  of 
i    lit.     Wherever  he  looked, 
A  hich  wore  the  meek  air 


nnep, 
iiiLcltsM.'.&l  V'  -^•^. 
he  saw  otJ;  i' 
of  devotiou,  \i' 
tlie  fouIej»t  wrong;  ha^  refdsed  to  listen  to 

}•'-  .......v.*   ..].., .Kf^g^j   juid  combtned 

our  and   ruin  falm. 

luid  not  weired  one 

e  with  them  agamst  the 

1 1  is  foes. 

i  •  liaiklod  in  hit  aonl  like  fire, 

H<>  -  who  bad  eat«xi  at  his  table, 

I  le,  and  in  his  lodal  houTB 

sirt^  in  ita  generous  truth- 

the«e    quondam    Mends 

t  ^uuily  pew ;  he  hinaelf 

itijttaut  uook,  half  hidden 

ieroaa  pillars  of  the  aide 

li  home  the  rictini  of  a 

^  only  daughter  aat 

tlvt..  hejNielf    The 

'rains 

:    the 


I  not  seen  1  Do  I  not  know  ?  Oh,  syco- 
phants !  syoophauta  ! "  But  hh  attention 
was  again  arrested  bj  his  daui^ter  sofllr 
laying  her  hand  on  his  arm.     He  listenedL 


ihoae  people  had  done  him  |  The  preacher  was  deaeribing  the  career  of 
Christ.  HoWf  after  all  his  deeds  of  coodnesi^ 
and  his  life  of  love,  his  fnends  haa  all  d&- 
serte*.!  him  in  the  evil  hovir^  and  his  foe»  had 
insulted  and  slain  him.  **  And  Jesus  lifted  up 
htjs  eyes  to  hcAven  on  the  cross,  and  s^d. 
Father,  foigire  tbe]ii,liQ(r  thej  know  not  what 
they  do/' 

'^  Oh  !  they  knew  it  Teiy  well,**  said  LoDf- 
more,  in  his  desperate  mood.  '^They  must 
know  it.  The  base  wrei^es  are  always  the 
same.    Forgive  them !     No !     I  cannot  for> 

S'ye  them.  Christ  might  do  it  H«  was  a 
vine  being — it  is  easy  to  God,  but  tt  is  not 
easy^  it  is  not  possible,  for  me — ^I  am  but  a 
poor,  weak,  down-trodden  worm.  No !  no  ! " 
The  tears  of  his  daughter  flowed  fiiater.  as 
she  stooped  low  and  btiri«d  her  fa^i^  in  her 
haadketvhief.    It  seemed  m  if  ^  'a 

8pin%  that  was  rsging  m  her  &thi:  i 

But,  meantime^  iniat  were   the  lUau^^i^ts 
of  the  man  of  Wainlleet  I    Of  the  lawyer  who 
e^atli  ift  givea  "—  ^"^  ^  triumphantly  ooodncted  the  cause  c^ 

hm  dk(Dt»  tind  had  so  oonfiletdly  dragged 
L»..t^.<i^  imuijut^i  uer  how  little  goodwitl  had  down  the  nsntper^  LongmaR^  as  he  firmly 
\wm  shown  to  them  ;  how  littla  psaee  they  beheve<l  him,  from  his  inood  altitude  to  tU« 
on  this  earth.    When,  therefore,  the  j  dost  of  retribation  and  of  dkaane  I    On  the 
^  took  his  text — ^  Then  came  reter  last  ffirweHnaJi  Day  he  had  sata  there  in  the 

i%^  lun«  and  said.  Lord,  how  olt  shall  my  bro- 1  very  0ash  of  triumph,  and  had  thanked  God 
tbcr  sia  agamst  me,  and  I  forgire  him  i  'nil 
9&rmk  times  I  Jesus  stM  unto  him,  I  ny  not 
unto  thee  until  seven  times,  but  until  seventy 
tzBMts  seven  " — the  tears  of  the  daughter  feil 
r,  and  she  cast  agentle  look  at  her  bther, 
iuplorinc  him  to  listen  to  thaL  But  on 
hfow  of  Mr.  Longnore^  for  that  was  his 
there  ate  a  hard,  stem  expreason,  and 
d  to  himseli;  "  I  hav«  no  brother— thevs 
auch  thing!  Do  I  not  know  them t "* 
t^  dsrgyman'b  Toiee  was  now  softly  and 
the  oongrnation  to 
^^xilike<n%dihad 
the  first  CShriitBtias  Day, 
the  oM  and  tcnribb  doekriaes  of  v«d- 
laad  blood  had  he«n  thrown  down  from 
•wfid  rtigBof  ^^;  h^wthemitof 
« Ihr  an  syt^and  a  tooth  Car  a  tooth^hnd 
anpemdsd  hj  the  sfsxit  of  hnmu    How 


that  he  waa  not  sadh  as  Lougntore :  that  he 
was  not  like  him  a  ccaivicied  knave,  still  leM 
like  him  a  pauper,  with  the  memofr  of  such 
paet  greatnsm.  Bat  Broadfamat,  the  lawjer, 
did  not  sit  thus  now.  He  was  a  cretfaueny 
spirit-fiillen  nuou  A  dreailfal  diacovciy  had 
come  upon  him.  Ha  had  rained  one  more 
inright  anvl  nobleHainded  thsn  hiaDsdf,  to 
elevate  a  wtur^Iem  pretender.  He  had 
hbsted  a  wdO-dmenrcd  name ;  had  stiuek 
the  duMT  of  ^tiTOMtir  misery  into  three 
kindrsdhearts ;  had  dona  that  which  he  wvntU, 
if  posable^  gire  worids  to  nndo.  fie  sate  and 
w<qit  as  the  doctrine  of  hcnmen^s  highest  nhi- 
losophv.  -Do  unto  oliMts  as  thoa  wooJdat 
that  they  shonld  domlo  th«e,**  wm  preached 
9IW  his  head.  ^Oh  lord,  foreiv«  me  my 
heaTv  flsna  !  Giaot  bus  Hf e  and  stMngth  to 
nfmr  what  I  hnre  fimwd.    Tteeh  tike  heart 


CkMrl«*  |M<li«Bi.] 


MRS.  RANFOPJ>'S  NEW  YEAIl*8  DINNER. 


341 


I 


N 


of  that  injured  man,  and  turn  it  to  forgive* 
Deas ;  for  tdl  things  are  in  Tliy  power,  and  it 
\s  T\ij  doctrine,  and  Thy  law/'  Thus  ran  hia 
wards  in  the  inward  tears  of  hia  soul,  and  to 
every  sentiment  of  love  and  blessed  retri- 
bution, hia  '*  Amen  !  Ameu  !  "  went  up  like 
the  danies  of  a  heart  on  fire. 

What  then  had  taken  place  between  th(^e 
men !  Bat  two  years  ago,  Longniore  waa  a 
wealthy  wool  merchant  of  Boston.  He  had 
led  a  pleasant  and  jolly  life.  Uls  business 
had  grown  inimcDaely.  His  premises  were 
large ;  hia  connection.s  both  at  home  and 
abroad  extensive,  and  such  was  his  repu  tuition 
for  integrity  and  capital  that  lie  comiuftnded 
the  market  over  a  vast  district.  He  was 
a  tall,  large,  florid  man,  of  a  peculiarly  open 
And  cordial  character.  He  was  libei-al  in  hia 
ideaa,  and  the  lejuiinc  uiau  in  the  politics  and 
social  movements  of  ma  neighbourhood.  Hia 
family  consiated  only  of  his  wife,  a  quiet, 
pleasant  woman,  and  a  fair,  blue-eyed  girl. 
m»  daughter.  He  kept  a  noble  table,  ana 
delighted  to  have  his  friends  about  him.  At 
that  time  he  thought  friend>j  as  plenty  as 
blackberries,  and  lauf*hed  at  the  croaking  of 
those  moral  plulosopbers  who  had  for  nf^es 
promul^ted  a  ditfeivnt  idea.  He  dubbed 
them  Ixwuk-worms,  and  said  tlieydid  not  know 
life.  When  he  went  round  tho  country  to 
buy  un  the  formers'  wool,  his  progress  waa 
a  regular  course  of  fruiting  ana  merriment. 
They  all  knew  of  IiLb  coming,  and  aasembledi 
their  neighbours  for  a  blithe  evening.  Thus 
Longmoremade  hia  annual  rounds,  deHpatchlng 
an  extraordinary  amount  of  busineaa  amid 
the  overflowing  hospitalities  of  farm-houses, 
granges,  and  hails. 

His  doctrine  of  the  prolific  growth  of  ffiend- 
ahip,  spite  of  the  libellous  calculations  of  book- 
worms, received  a  grand  confirmation  when  he 
was  about  five-ana-foi'ty,  in  the  bequest  of  a 
tine  estate  in  Northamptonshire.  It  was  the 
result  of  an  acquaintance  accidontaUy  made 
abroad ;  it  owed  everj'thing  to  friendship, 
nothing  to  consanguinity,  fVorn  that  time, 
till  a  few  yeftrs  tume^i  fifty,  Ix)ngmore  had 
chiefly  ri'sided  on  this  estate.  It  was  a  beau- 
tiful place.  The  house  stood  in  a  fine  country, 
and  a  fine  park.  Hia  business  was  conducted 
by  an  old  faithful  servant.  It  seemed  as  if 
Fortune  was  resolved  that  Ijongraore  »houid 
go  down  to  his  grave  iu  his  very  charitjtble 
views  of  human  nature. 

But,  about  three  years  belbre  the  time 
we  saw  Longmore  at  his  Christmas  morn- 
ing devotions,  the  scene  changed.  There 
sprung  up  a  man,  a  butcher  of  Gains- 
tiorough^  who  claimetl  to  be  the  tme  heir 
to  the  Noi-thamptcjushire  e&tate ;  and,  after 
some  taint  ntmours,  which  rose  and  died 
away  ag;iin,  Mr.  Longmore  was  aatonishetl, 
and  a  good  deal  disconcerted,  by  the  receipt 
of  A  letter  from  an  endneot  solicitor  of  Wain- 
fleet,  calling  upju  him,  in  the  name  of  his 
client,  >Ir.  Filmer,  to  restore  to  him  the  estate 
of  his  late  relative,  Mr.  John  Churton. 


Mr.  longmore,  who,  with  all  his  pleasant 
and  sunny  humour,  was  a  peculiarly  sensitivtj 
and  impulsive  man,  read  this  letter,  uttered 
his  indignation  in  no  gentle  terms,  and  know- 
ing that  he  derived  his  claim  frt>ni  his  friend 
Churton's  honest  will,  made  in  his  most  florid 
health,  bade  the  lawyer  do  his  worst. 

That  worst  was  done.  We  will  not  travel 
minutely  through  all  those  year^  of  angry 
exasperation.  Mr.  Longmore'a  character  was 
liigh  ;  that  of  his  adversary,  Filmer,  just  the 
reverse.  We  ma)',  therefore,  imagine  Long- 
more*B  astonishment  when  the  active  lawyer, 
Broadhurst  of  Wainfleet,  asserted  through 
the  ablest  counsel,  that  Longmore  had  taken 
advantage  of  the  decayed  I  intellects  of  the  Uto 
Mr.  Churton  to  concoct  a  will  to  his  own 
advantage.  We  may  imagine  how  this  asto- 
nishmeat  rose  when  the  housekeeper  of  Mr. 
Churton,  whom  Ijongmore  had  himself  ren- 
dered independent  by  voluntarily  doubling 
the  annuity  left  her  by  her  master,  was 
brought  forward  to  attest  the  weakness  of  the 
testator^s  Ciculties,  and  that  Longmore  had 
carefiiUy  excluded  from  the  sick  Ded  of  Mr. 
Churton  every  one  but  his  own  fiimily,  and 
that  the  d^-ing  man  had  been  upheld  by 
braiKly  to  enable  him  to  put  his  signature  to 
the  deed. 

So  well  had  Broatlhural  laid  his  mine^  that 
Longmore  found  himself  blown,  as  it  were,  at 
once  into  the  air.  So  well  had  the  pleader 
described  the  wrong  done  to  the  poor  and 
oppressed  heir,  whom  he  painted  as  a  most 
deserving  person,  and  so  astounding  was  the 
evidence  of  the  housekeeper,  that  a  verdict 
was  at  once  given  in  favo\u-  of  the  plaiuti^ 
Longmore  was  at  firat  struck  dumb  and  sense- 
less as  by  a  stupefying  shock  ;  but  the  im- 
netuosity  of  his  temper,  which,  during  the 
long,  smooth  course  of^his  life,  had  only  mani- 
fested itself  in  generous  and  hasty  outbursts 
of  feeling,  now  very  soon  assumed  the  fury  of 
a  tornado.  His  indignation  against  what  he 
temietl  and  deemed  the  villanv  of  the  lawyer, 
auti  the  black  ingratitude  of  the  housekeeper, 
was  too  tremendous  to  lind  its  way  out  at 
once,  but  it  came  by  degrees  into  action  that 
seemed  resolved  to  teai'  down  everything  be- 
twee-u  him  and  hia  vengeance  on  the  plotters 
against  him.  He  msluxl  into  the  contest  with 
a  vehemence  which  alanned  his  family  and 
friends,  and  gave  the  most  decided  advanti^ 
to  his  watchful  opponents.  Trial  after  trial 
came  off,  tho  most  eminent  coimsel  were  re- 
tained at  the  most  stupendous  cost,  and  for 
some  time  public  opLuiun  was  pretty  equally 
divided  on  the  merits  of  the  cjiae.  But  before 
the  next  year  was  at  an  end,  Ixmgmore  beheld 
with  inexpreasible  amazement,  and  with  feel- 
ings of  indescribable  irritiilion,  his  enemies 
rapidly  turning  the  scale  against  him,  bis 
friends  growing  rnvHteriously  cool,  and  his 
capital  exliausted  by  the  gigantic  contest. 
At  the  end  of  that  period  he  found  himself 
standing  alone,  regarded  as  the  convicted 
usurper  of  another's  rights,  and  his  former 


911 


TTi-^' 


>  WOftDS. 


«llftiHWi|»r  uu^  ivnwmu. 


mm  liiiiii^  kwt  t  Iw  wm  mil. 
^i^fmHHm^  i^  ^v  \m»\  WA  kui 


P  cnntrmpt  of  hb  T— -      P    -''    ■*  '^ni  on  in 

.   l.ii'-,i,.  ^3  '.virlj  ;vri   Tr  ':nt,  but 

U  jjuiUlfeft^ut  auccfe^.  ... .  ■-•anjely 

[)«nMi  «qilli  whom  he  hi  y  dnnit 

1.1  did  Boi  reigW^  him  ;>  >/  &Uen 

lo.  «ivi  whom  he  did  not  r^gw^  a«  iklar 
'.  heArUoBft. 

t(Bt  alivftdy  iVonAuioB  WM  Hl«itl3r  I 
i«l  thai  flra&  sjnitem  of  th«  vtdrcme  wl 
ngi    trrai    intmitth^    to    the 
IkA   Loflgnore    Innusd    tluift    tha' 

he  drov^ 
pttAkd  br 
hk  infc,  m  fnepiHto  hart«.   He 
pnMil  tpaliawtii*  iMiiwiriiiiet 
to  ^^  hlat  from  tine  ipit  lik»  a 
«iii|d43ff.     But  Mkt  TwMiiiifa^  ^ 

HTlheiiAaftof* 
^  cT    the 


youog  nuuij  li  to   l>e  in  CfJak,  he 

Baw  a  young  ^  whom  he  pertxnvcd 

at  once  to  be  nn  jwi_i,-MLtiian,  surrounded  by 
|m  low  crowd,  with  whom  he  was  in  con- 
[tentiou.  They  attempt^  to  drag  the  younff 
^ntJeiuan  awjiy^  but  he  manfidly  resisted 
iiy  father,  with  his  usual  impulsiveneas,  ini- 
iwlifitely  placed  himself  bi'side  his  countr}^- 
ian,and'  demanded  that  the  infuriated  crowd 
ioul<i  hear  reason,  and  fih(*w  fair  play.  But 
H»y  wem?  deal"  to  this»  aud,  without  kn*:*winff 
V  A  of  th€*  quari'cl,  my  father  exhorted 

man  to  unite  with  him  in  drivinjr 
":^     At  OQce,  they  pla^    '   *i    ..,. 
d\  it  bftcki*  a^iULdt  a  v 

ivude^  r»»><1   ■-'  >•"■  -'    '^■'■''1 ' 
their  -j 
liorror  of  i       , 
if^ishmen.     After  no  very  tii- 

I i  took  to  flight,  and  my  IV  a  1 « » 1 1 1 

to  mai<oh  off  lu  ttiumph  his  uuUuowii  com- 
riun,  when   a    ]xi««?te   of   gensdanues  snr- 
miided  t"  ,ii>elled  them  to  the 

>resience  Here,  when  their 

had  iHVi;  nriiir.nrleil,  and  proved,  by 
pafisports  at  their  resipeclive  inn?:,  to  be 
?t,   the  case   vn\s    h^'ard  ;    :it'|  ♦'>•• 

people  wlio  ]iad  been  in  the  fiTiy,  r 
th-.-  :L>^>aiilt  to  have  commenced 
'  H,  my  father  and  the  straiiirer,  for 

1.'-'  he  had  entered  into  this  dispute, 
Wt?ic  ordered  a  month *a  imprisonment  in  a 
pl.Hoe  of  ennfin<'inp'!^t  seven  railed  diBtaut,  and 
t"  'ly  marehed  away,  hand- 

V  ecn  two  genilarmes. 
iiiready  deoliniiif!:  ' '  '        ^^    v 
bade  fair  to  be  u. 
ieir  deatiiuition.    A>  i..-j  i*- 
tliey  lo<jk  care  to  ascertain  whether 
gnidea  understood  English.     They  found 
lat  they  certainly  did    not.     The    young 
sntleman  in  whose  ennse  my  father  wna  thus 
iffeiing,  waa — Mr.  Chnrton.     He  Lunented 
itterly  this  chance,   and    dechired    that  it 
'would  be  his  utter  niin,  for  that  a  trial,  re- 
garding an    estate — ^this  very  estate— must 
come  on  in  tli  '  vue,  and  his  abaence 

would  be  the  <n  of  hia  cAuae^  and 

leav'-  1 '■-'>■  •'  '■  n. 

**  -  reekleas  impi^tuosity 

whi'j  :en  so  fatal  to  him, 

clecbired  at  once  that  they  woidd  attempt  a 

reacue.     He  knew  if  they  failed  that  it  wimld 

be  death  to  tlicm,  but  thia  did  not  wei?;h  a 

moment  with  him.     Mr.  Chnrton  agreed,  and 

on  arriving  at  a  s  '  i-e,  'vwiere  four 

ton*h  met  in  the  w»  ><  -  it  waa  growing 

'     '  father  anu   i>ii    Lh'irton  suddenly 

leh  hia  man  with  hia  tree  arm,  and 

1,,  M.   fai^e   to   face  between   them. 

s  had  loatied  t^arbiues  at  their 

'■ ',  by  this  sudden  ni..\,  t.i«  ii» 

eless  ;  and  the  two  powei 

I  u  deelared  that  if  the  c 

mi.Jt  any  outcry-  or  resistance,  they   would 

at  once  strangle  them.    The  men,  who  were 

of  inferior  sti'ength,  wei>e  so  convinced  of 


their  power  to  cnrry  their  threat  into  effL-ct, 
that  they  gave  up  the  key  of  the  fetters, 
at  the'u*  demfmd.  ^'  ♦  *i  =  r  comj^elled  one 
of  tlieni  to  unlock  ^  from  the  wriBtn 

of  himself  and  ci ...,.,.. ...  ,  took  the  oir^ 
bines  from  the  gensdunuefl,  threw  them  into 
the  ditch  full  of  water  by  the  roadside^  and 
then  binding  the  two  gensdannes  i>ack  to 
back  with  their  owt\  ftttrn^.  rviid  ?!'»CTTrhi!r  th^nr 
l«?g8  with  their  h.'V!  m- 

fttiinding  iji  the  n 
thc'ni    thai   if  tliev    iiirtii  >    ;my    i 
would   retuni  ami  shoot  them. 
nuui<'  the  best  of  theii*  v  -   *     ♦' 
ing  coast.    It  was  air 

arnvwi  there,  but  he:i;.„^  .  .  „  .  ...; 
from  tVie  Btran<l,  they  ahouted,  and  received 
an    answer    in    English.      Tl»»*v    ^>m,u    fpuiid 

tIi-i:     tl."    ^-^.-^-.■.•t    WaS   AU    Eup ' "  \ 

.uiii  .:..[. Liii/itig  their  ca«c,  be;.    ■   i  ■.•n 

on  board.  But  the  fishej'men  dcclaiv^d  Lliiit  tiiey 
liad  no  diJigay  or  sui;dl  boat  with  them,  and 
that  if  they  caiue  on  board,  they  must  wndc 
or  awim.  Churtoii  could  not  swim  ;  but  de- 
struction   WnFt    ^    ^     -  '     -1      .  ^.-    '-I  -.J*   ygoj^ 

an  aflrairabh  werfiil 

t"-!''!fi  ;   he  encw.....^..-  .   ^....-...  *:^^  the 

fiipt.    They  wft<led  into  t  ns, 

!   long  l»efore  they  coiili.i   i  l'>^it, 

they  were  beyond  their  depth.  The  haher- 
nien  protested  that  they  daretl  jiot  come  & 
yard  nearer,  on  account  of  rocks.  There  was 
nothing  else  for  it :  ray  father  flung  off  hi* 
coat,  bade  Chnrton  hold  fast  by  his  waistcoat 
collar  behind,  an<l  etnick  cut  for  the  vesseL 
It  was  a  case  of  life  and  death.  If  Chnrton 
lost  hia  presence  of  mind,  and  flung  his  arms 
round  my  fatlier,  or  if  my  father's  strength 
faile<l  him,  they  were  both  inevitably  lout 
But  Churton  pi'eserved  hi5  coolness,  and  by 
desperate  dfort,  my  father  reached  the  side  of 
the  boat,  an<l  both  were  safeiy  drawn  on 
bo^.  There,  funu*4hed  with  addidonal 
clothes  to  defend  them  fix>m  the  cold,  and 
with  homely  fine,  the  two  young  men  re- 
mained for  two  days  and  night*  with  the 
tishermen,  ere  they  put  across  to  V  ^'  ^^ 

there,  at  length,  they  landed  ;  pai  '  - 

men  handsomely;  "Chuxton  was  ii.  ...i.-  /.-i 
his  trial,  won  it,  and  from  that  day,  his  life 
long,  WHS  my  father's  iriend. 

"Sir"  continued  Mias  Longmore,  *'it  is 
well  known  that  Mr.  Churton  was  a  shy  and 
solitary  man  j  but  his  intellects  were  as  good 
as  yonrs  or  mine.  He  never  mrurie*!,  and 
always  dechired,  that  in  case  of  hi»  prior 
decease,  lie  would  leave  my  father  his  pro* 
perty,  l^y  whom  it  had  Iwcn  saved  to  him* 
There  waa  no  scheming,  no  force  uaetl.  I 
have  found  within  these  few  days  abundant 
e\-idence  in  Blr.  Chnrton's  letters  thraugh 
iij  uiv  veju^  to  my  father,  both  of  liis  clear 
uding,  and  of  his  unvarying  resolve 
luy  father  hi«  heir." 

'■  Guu*l  heavens  1 "  exclaimetl  tlie  young 
luwyer ;  "  why  were  not  these  lett^ra  brought 
fonJi-ard?" 


d 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


'"IkftttttoUjou^Sirr  rvplMd  Hmb  Loot 
MUL'Uuft  tlM»  fiMto  witre  wtat- 

mad,  m  %  firett j  wiMtiiiwtol  naottiecv  th*i 
a^  filWr,  inery  bim^  ia  cfipoiitioi 

SSmiAm  thm  dor  tatesril  j  oT  iW  wHL" 
•Hmv  liM«^  if  thaif  un  whmt  rnt  «nr, 

tvv*  tkf  nit  lietuMi  «v«n4yw  «hc^"' 
•  I  hm  •hr.Ti  tWbt«r  mid  Mki 
JiMHMEvc  *lMrt  vgr  hSLtt  Unmt  m  a- 

IBtii  Hv^ 
t^  Wi^  If  ^koM  ktun  ai*  a 
tlHML  W(aald  Ttoo  allow  sj 
I    1  watmi  «iik  cwnr 


dew»  OB   Ute    Uial 
l»asd  kcr  witk 

F^tHik  tke  moaot  tkit  Bro^bvni  bed  iMo 
the  IcttMH  cf  lb*  kte  Mr.  CbnrUin,  ht  rt> 
•olved,  if  it  ynm  im  his  po««r«  te  nM^  111* 
evfl  ke  had  ■»  nalooilj,  hot  •»  iiBwittagly, 
doine.    He  did  BfA  he»i«i»  16  dodatv  ofKalrr 

bHMrWdge,  vhkk  totally  alterad  hit  witv  of 
th»  OML    Bt  Mttt,  aftd  ctt(M^  iiiiftwi 
thi»U»3Kr, 

bMLlf 


CIttfk*  i>ktea*.J 


TkTRS.  RANFORD^S  NEW  YEARNS  DINNER. 


care  for  it.  He  dellglitC'd  in  liiunchiug  the 
bolts  of  his  contempt  ou  the  wbule  of  hk 
species.  Wo  have  seen  bim  at  churcb  on 
UhtiBtmsa  moiiiing,  and  wliat  was  the  spirit 
of  his  devotiona. 

But  on  New  Year's  Day  he  was  coins  to 
dine  at  Blont  Farni  with  his  sister,  Mra.  Ran- 
ford.  S/t^  was  a  truo  woman  I  She  bad  stood 
firmly  by  liini  as  a  tower,  **Tbafc  WtM  a 
woman,*'  he  said,  "  true  as  Bte«l,  genuine 
as  God's  day-light.  He  believed  that  the 
whole  crawlmg,  creeping,  veiiomoua  herd 
of  things  called  men,  would  have  been 
long  ago  swept  into  tho  Red  Sea  but  for 
the  s^e  of  one  or  two  like  her."  That 
day,  after  a  hearty  luncheon,  Mr.  Long- 
more  mounted  his  gigj,  and  set  out  towards 
Blant  Farm.  little  did  he  know  that,  pre- 
cisely at  the  same  moment,  Broadhurst  of 
Waiuilect  mounted  his  gig  and  set  out  from 
bis  own  door  towards  the  same  Blant  Fanu. 
The  two  men  had  to  pursue  the  two  sides  of 
a  rectangular  triangle  which,  at  the  distance 
of  about  fourteen  miles,  would  bring  them  to 
a  point  exactly  at  Mrs.  Ranford's  gate.  Had 
Longmore  known  that  fact,  he  would  have 
rushed  again  into  his  o^^ti  house  and  believed 
the  end  of  the  world  come,  since  sister  Ran- 
ford  could  thus  deceive  l»im.  But  Broadhurat 
did  know  it,  and  yet  he  went.  The  fact  was, 
that  certain  things  had  taken  place  which,  for 
good  reasons,  neither  Lonj^more  nor  the 
reader  have  yet  been  iufurmed  of — the  right 
moment^  it  whs  thought,  had  not  come. 
Young  Tom  Bi*oadhurst  had  been  so  much 
8tnu4c  with  Afitry  Longmore  in  liis  interview 
at  the  Park,  that,  from  that  moment,  he  felt 
a  wonderful  persuasion  that  there  had  been 
some  gross  mistake  in  the  whole  business. 
He  wajt  sure  that  truth  and  goodness  beamed 
as  cleai'ly  out  of  thoso  mild  blue  eyeSi  and 
from  those  handsome^  amiable  featurea,  aa 
light  from  the  sun  Longmore  could  not  be  a 
very  great  rogue  to  have  such  a  daughter  ; 
anci  Mary  thought  Brorulhrniit  could  not  be  a 
very  great  one  to  have  such  a  son.  "  What  a 
fine,  frank  ftfllow  he  seems,"  ahe  said  to  her- 
self. "  How  willing  he  seems  to  beUeve  the 
truth.  Wliat  a  beautiful  earnestness  in  seek* 
ing  it  out ! "  In  fact,  there  was  a  coae,  such 
as  hiwyers  seldom  get  upon  tft^ir  books,  a  case 
of  love  at  first  sight.  It  was  a  caj^e  oleai*, 
positive,  and  most  particular;  Romeo  and 
Juliet  themselves  never  stood  so  suddenly  en* 
^(Chanted  between  the  hostile  boats  of  their 
fiery  houses.  Tom  Broadhurat  let  no 
grow  under  hi:j  feet ;  he  soon  brwl  bis 
on  the  right  track.     JVLuy  and  h**  met 

low  many  times  i  Well,  it  really  is  anLizing 
how  many  times  they  found  it  necessary  to 
see  each  other  in  the  course  of  a  very  few 
weeksj  to  put  things  in  a  train.  Mjsl  Ranford 
waa  soon  taken  into  the  secret,  and,  with  her 
dear,  strong  mind,  took  in  the  whole  thing, 
the  love  afiair  and  all,  heartily.  Mary  passed 
H  deal  of  time  at  Blant  Farm,  and  Tom  Broad- 
hurat rode  over  there  continually.     It  was 


quite  necessary  !     But  as  to  that  love  nffolr, 
neither  Longmore  nor  Broadhurat.  were  suf- 
fered to  know  a  word  of  it.    Tom  s;nd  he 
would  not  for  the  world  that  his  father  shoub! 
be  suspected  of  having  any  interest  in 
justice  to  Mr.  Longmore^  but  the  justice  i 
and   as   to  Longmore  knowing  1   why,   tbcy 
might  just  as  wtjil  think  of  blowing  up  the 
gas-works  and  all  the  steam  engines  in  Boston 
ami   Widnfleet  !      Then,    indeed,    longmore 
would  declare  Broadhurat  a  rogue,  who  was 
for  anything  for  his  own  interest  1 
But  Mrs.  Ranford  was  resolved  on  an  ex- 

Elanation,  and  therefore  she  planned  the 
ringing  together  her  brother  and  Mr.  Biocid- 
haiTBt  at  her  New- Year's  Day  dinner.  It  w:is 
a  daring  project ;  it  struck  even  Mary  and 
Tom  Brojulhurst  with  unnttenvble  dismay. 
Mrs,  Longmore,  who  was  in  the  secret,  was 
terrified  beyond  conception  ;  it  had  actually 
thrown  her  into  a  serious  relaitse.  But  JMrs, 
Raui'ord  Wiis  a  woman  of  a  bold  spirit  and 
decisive  will  ;  ahe  deteiTuined  that  the  expe- 
riment aliould  be  made.  Mrs.  Ranford  re- 
sembled her  brother  greatly  in  jierson  ;  she 
was  a  tall^  large,  florid,  and  very  comely 
woman,  and  ten  years  younger.  Her  hus- 
band ha4l  been  dead  some  years,  and  Mi-s. 
Ranford  had  hatl  niuubera  of  most  advan- 
tageous otfers,  but,  no,  ahe  declared  that 
she  vfos  nuuried  to  her  dear  Ned ;  he  was 
only  gone  ou  the  journey  that  she  should 
t4ike  alter  him  some  day.  She  would  not  have 
two  husbands.  Mrs.  Ranford  was  a  firat-ratt' 
farmer ;  her  house  stood  on  the  top  of  that 
step  of  country  that  iims  on  through  Lincoln, 
and  looked  far  and  wide  over  the  mits  below  ; 
it  was  a  good  farm-house,  with  a  flower-garden 
and  with  outbuildinga,  and  stock  that  showed 
her  management  and  science  ;  she  led  a  life 
very  much  to  her  Uiste,  and  ruled  verj*  much 
in  her  own  w-ay,  and  wais  resolved  now  to  tiy 
her  |x>wer  over  her  brother.  **  It  was  time  to 
put  an  end  to  all  this  heai-t-burmng  and  mis- 
underatanding ; "  she  said,  "  There  had  been 
enough  of  it." 

Longmore  drove  that  afternoon  over  those 
immense  flats  that  lie  between  Boston  and 
Blant  Farm.  Tlie  air  wjis  clear  and  veiy 
keen  ;  the  whole  country  was  one  level  sheet 
of  wlxiteness,  oidy  here  and  there  broken  by  a 
long  line  of  stunted  willows,  one  of  those  fuuuv 
little  windmillfi  that  are  set  by  the  sluggiJ 
dykes  to  propel  the  water,  a  solitary  wiUov  - 
surrounded  fiwm,  with  an  occJisional  round 
haystack  eaten  out  by  the  cattle  into  the 
shape  of  a  huge  mushmom,  or  a  dreaiy 
stretch  of  black  fir-trees  far  away  in  the  dis- 
Umce.  It  was  little  more  than  four  o'clock 
when  Longmore  was  ascending  the  ^uteep  hill 
to  Blant  Farm,  but  it  was  alre'idy  dark, 
piercing  cold,  raid  some  fine  flakes  of  snow 
made  him  say  to  himself^  "  We  ahall  have 
another  downfall.'*  Mi's.  Rauford's  dinnef 
was  not  till  six  o'clock,  but  she  ha*!  begged  j 
her  Virother  to  be  there  eaily,  both  on  accoimt 
of  the  short  days  and  b^».\3*A   ^^  ^lassS^^A 


tome  talk  with  hira.  It  wa«  to  be  a  famfly 
partVf  with  the  e.xccfition  of  Broadhuret  and 
ti8  BOTi,  :irul  the  cJfrgvin:m  and  his  ^^'i^e,  to 
xvhoM  "^!'=  I  Nir:i;Hin:'..1  imuai  ted  her  scheme, 
and  ;iia  in  the  crisie. 

I,.  !  ^  ^  his  house,  niet  )iia 

Kister  in  the  haJl,  Mid  they  euibraced  each 
other  nffectioiuitely.  ilar)%  who  hatl  be*iu 
there  some  days,  remained  in  the  di-awing- 
room,  for  she  was  too  much  terrified  to 
ventiii-e  out.  Mjh,  Ranfovd  having  sef^n  her 
brother  relieved  of  hia  coats  and  wrapjterfl, 
opened  the  drawing-room  door,  and  purjH.wjcly 
allowed  him  to  go  in  first,  Scaicefy  did  he, 
howeM'cr,  set  his  foot  in  the  rfK>m,  than  he 
turned  round,  and  with  a  tierce  low  outVnn'st 
of — ^"The  devil!'*  he  plunged  past  Mrs. 
Ranford  in  the  direction  of  the  hooka  on 
which  hunff  his  hat  and  coat.  Mrs,  Ilanford 
had  probably  expected  something  of  the  ktml, 
for  »he  afuademy  opponed  her  huge  cahn 
person  in  his  way — and  ns  he  gave  her  a 
terrible  look,  saying — 

".Yon,  Slater!  you  J"  abe  seized  him  by 
both  arms,  and  said^ 

"  BroUier  !  brother  !  show  yourself  a  man 
and  a  (.-hristinJL  There  ai-e  tldn^fd  to  tell  you 
that  wUl  set  everything  right." 

At  the  same  moment  Mary  rushed  from 
the  room,  clasped  hifl  kneea,  and  cned  in  ago- 
niiJed  tones — *'  Oh,  father  !  father ! " 

But  Lougmore  baxl  by  this  time  gra«ped  hi» 
hat  with  one  hand,  thrujst  it  upon  his  head, 
snaUih*^  his  great  coat  with  the  oth»^r,  had 
given  himself  a  furious  ah:vke  loose,  luid  dashed 
out  of  the  door.  Tlii*  nceue  he  left  behintl  was 
awful.  Mary  Longmore  had  sunk  down  on 
tlie  floor  where  her  father  had  left  her,  and 
was  weeping  convnJsively,  Mrs.  JRanibrd  was 
exolaiming, 

"  What  a  madman  1  Wliat  a  fdry !  But 
he  *ltaU  \)e  brought  to  reoson," 

Torn  Bi"oudhur8t  stood  over  Mary,  whisper- 
iiig  to  her  something  widdi  only'aeemeil  to 
increase,  if  either,  the  violo-uce  of  her  gi-ief  ; 
lUid  Mr.  Broadhnrat  jJniost  wept. 

"Stop  him,  M»^.  Rjinfoitl !  g^nd  after 
him  !  I  won't  stiuul  in  liis  wav.  I  will 
retir»!  to  the  inn."  And  with  that  Jklr.  Broad- 
hurst  al&o  snatched  his  hat,  and  rushed  out. 

\Miat  a  New  YeAr's  dinner-party!  what 
an  upshot  of  the  experiment  J  JVIth*  llanford 
did  not  fiend  after  Iior  brother.  She  knew 
very  well  yhe  might  just,  im  rationally  send 
for  lincoln  SOnster  ;  but  she  set  about  to 
comfort  Mary,  telling  lier  never  to  feai* — all 
4fwuid  be  right  yet ;  her  father's  pi\>ud  spirit 
dhcuid  be  made  to  bend.  It  was  a  miserable 
scene. 

Meantime  Ivongmore  had  hastened  into  the 
stJibleyaid,  where  hm  hoi-He  was  not  yet  got 
out  ol  hia  harneaa — miwie  the  nmn  put  him  in 
again  in  doi?perate  speed,  jumped  into  the  gig, 
arid  drove  off.  The  anow  was  now  falling  in 
masses — ik  keen  east  wind  di-ove  it  into  hia 
face  and  bosom  —  it  was  nitch  dark,  and 
neither  man  nor  hurs^j  could  tell  which  was 


road,  and  which  was  not.  But  the  storm 
within  Longmoi*e's  breiust  mged  fir  more 
fiercely  than  it  did  without,  lie  hish<'d  his 
horse,  and  whirled  on.  But  even  the  hoi->se 
began  to  slacken^  spite  of  the  whip»  jund  be- 
tmved  unmiEtakeable  sjiuptom*  of  uncert,air»ty 
and  reluctance  to  proceed.  Longmore  gnre 
him  »c»me  unmei-ctml  cuts,  which  for  a  woile 
sent  him  forward  at  a  good  mte.  But  ngain 
the  j>oor  horse  stopped;  and  in  reaponae  to 
the  whip  only  reared,  wheeled  Aside,  and 
refused  to  go.  None  but  a  madman  would 
attempt  aucn  a  road  on  such  a  night.  The 
horse  evidently  thought  so,  and  therefore 
stood  stock  atiilf  in  spit^  of  the  murderous 
inflictions  of  Longiijore*8  whip.  At  len^h 
Longmore  saw  that  it  was  no  use  to  urge  hmi. 
**  Fool  i"  he  exclaimed  ;  gave  the  rein  a  pull 
to  the  leftv,  and  the  poor  ajiimal,  joyfully  obey- 
uig  the  hiutj  turned,  and  proceeded  &t  a  iiipid 
rate  towanls  the  farm.  Ho  would  haT« 
stripped  at  Mrs.  Banford's  gate  ;  but  a^n 
Longmore  applied  the  whip,  and  the  gig  rolled 
expeditiously  on  to  the  >illage-inn.  Ilere 
Lougmore  flung  the  reins  on  the  hoi*8e'«  neck, 
and  stalked  into  the  house.  There  wkb  a 
considerable  crowd  of  labourers  drinking  and 
smoking  in  the  common  room,  who,  aui  well  ta 
the  landlady,  stared  to  see  him  enter. 

"  Put  up  my  horse,*^  he  said  ;  and  waa  jito- 
ceeding  to  enter  the  parlour. 

"  I  iSg  your  pardon,  Sir  **  said  the  huuUa^f  ; 
"  but  that  room  is  engaceu." 

'*  Show  me  another,  then,"  said  Longmore, 
The  landlady  opened  another  door,  saying— 

"  But  there  is  no  fire,  Sir  !*' 

"  Then  nutke  one,"  said  Longm^r  >  ■'"it'^r ; 
and  entering,  flung  himself  on  th»  la 

snow  covered  clothes  auil  Irnt.    Ti._       . iy 

tpickly  bmught  a  li^ht,  and  attempLed  to 
li^ht  the  fuel  abeatly  in  the  grate ;  but  the 
sticks  were  damp.  They  refused  to  kindle, 
and  the  poor  woman  hastily  clearing  out  the 
gi*atc,  l>rought  forth  wood  and  live  coal  from 
the  kitchen.  In  vain  !  The  cliiiuney  was 
damp  i  the  smoke  dro\^e  down,  and  filled  the 
room  ;  Longmore  bade  Iier  angi-ily  let  the  fii*e 
alone,  and  go.  She  nuule  her  exit  in  evident 
alarm. 

Longmore  sat  gloomily  on  the  sofa.  The 
room  was  deathly  cold  ;  the  smoke  filled  his 
eyes  and  luugs  with  its  sharp,  sutrooatiug 
vapour — he  looked  round  and  wialied  himself 
dead.  But  something  now  caught  his  atten- 
tion. Tlie  room  was  only  divided  from  the 
next  by  a  thin  wooden  partition.  The  land- 
lord was  holding  a  garruloua  t;dk  with  some 
guest  there,  and  every  woi'd  he  uttered  was 
as  ;i^^diblo  as  if  in  the  room  itself.  Lon^ore 
started.  He  heaixl  his  own  name.  Yea  I — 
there  it  was  ugiun. 

''  So  he 's  likely,  I  hoivi*,  to  get  the  property 
back  again.  They  say  the  old  woman  haa 
peached ;  but  I  know  not.  If  she  was  l>jught 
one  way  she  may  be  liought  anotiier,  imd 


il 
I 


Longmore  is  a  detrnuiued  mjin." 
*'  bilence  !  '*  said  auothtT  voic 


voice — It  was  du 


r 


( 

P 


I 


I 


other  than  that  of  Broadhurst — Longniore 
trefubled  with  excitement  at  the  souDtl. 
"  Silence  !  "  —  said  Broodliurat  —  "I  cannot 
tdlow  you  to  saj  a  word  against  Mr.  Long- 
more.  I  tell  you,  and  /  If  any  man  should 
know,  hi!  has  been  foiiUjr  injured  and  miare- 
piv^euted.  It  was  all  a  mistake,  and  that 
Wl  wonian  cleHtebed  it.  No  !  Lougmore — 
and  I  twg  you  will  everywhere  say  so,  fmm 
me — Louji^ore,  from  what  I  have  Utely 
Itiu-ucd^  is  as  noble,  true-hearted  a  man  as 
ever  live«L  Sir,  I  would  give  my  right-hand 
to  do  him  juatioe  ;  and  justice,  if  there  is  a 
God  in  heaven,  he*  will  yet  have  done  him/' 

**  Lord-o^-mercy  1 "  exclaimed  the  hindlord, 
"  do  you  say  so  ? "  "  Yes,  I  aay  so,'*  replied 
BroR«lhurst ;  ^  till  justice  is  done  to  that  man 
the  load  of  a  mountain  lies  on  my  heart." 

Longmore  turned  deadly  pole  aa  he  heard 
these  worda.  He  annk  down  attain  upon  the 
aofa,  whence  he  had  atai*ted  on  nearing  these 
voices,  laid  his  head  on  the  table,  and  seemed 
shaken  by  some  terrible  convulsion.  In 
another  minute  he  rose  up,  still  pale,  but 
with  an  eager  look  passed  oat  of  tne  room, 
entered  that  where  Broadhurst  was,  and, 
putting  out  his  hand  to  the  astonished  lawyer, 
said,  'M  heard  what  you  said — I  bel:  "  ■  ' 
The  lawyer,  still  more  astonished,  a^ 
aa  if  an  apparition  had  suddenly  hU.^^.  ..^;  .  c 
him — vet  clutched  at  the  offered  hand — 
seemtru  to  groan  out  rather  than  speak, 
"  Almighty  God  be  thanked  !  "  and  the  two 
desperate  foea  stood  thus  till  a  gush  of  tears 
appeared  on  Broadhurst 's  face.  **  Now,  God 
be  praisetl,  all  is  right,'*  Broadhurat  agun 
ejacnhited.  "  Yes  ! — ^dl  is  right !  "  repeated 
LoD^ore. 

"  You  must  dine  with  mc,"  said  Broadhurst, 
"  Good  God,  what  have  I  not  to  say  to  you  !  " 

"  Nay,"  said  Longmore,  "  we  must  not  dine 
here,  liiink  how  we  left  them  at  my  sister's, 
We  must  go  there  at  once." 

«  Right !  Bight ! "  sjiid  Broadhm-st,  and  the 
next  moment  the  a^onished  people  in  the 
kitchen  saw  these  two  men,  who  for  yeaw 
had  lieen  euyiiged  in  such  a  deadly  strife, 
going  arm-in-arm  swiftly  out  of  the  house. 

What  the  state  of  allidrs  was  at  Mrs.  Ban- 
ford's  umy  well  be  ima;^ined.  Mary  was 
overwhelmed  with  tlie  m-jst  vehement  grief ; 
Tom  Broadhui-at  stood  over  her,  holding  her 
h:tntl,  and  every  now  and  then  bidding  lier  to 
be  coiufoited^ill  would  go  well  yot — all  the 
time  looking;  himself  a  incture  of  despair. 
Mrs.  Ran  ford,  :\fter  marching  to  and  fro  in 
ffreat  agitation,  luid  sibualng  her  brother, 
HoaHtly.  as  the  most  obstinate  of  animals,  had 
sat  down,  moodily,  in  her  easy-chair,  by  the 
fire,  and  seemed  more  in  a  state  of  deep  anger 
than  of  sorrow.  Her  scheme  hxui  fmled  sig- 
ludly,  ns  everyone  had  told  her  it  would  ;  she 
1^"'    *■-■    nil    appearance,    aggmvat    '     ^"  ■-  - 

;  she  was  too  nmch  mort 
1       ^,     ,.iy-    The   clergyman  and    ,...,    ....c 
came  in,    Tliey  saw  at  a  ghmce  what  had 
happened.    A  few  indignant  words  from  Mrs. 


Ranford,  and  Mary^s  tears,  told  everything. 
Thcie  fell  a  deep  and  blank  silence  oq  the 
narty.  What  a  New  Year's  dinner-party ! 
Never  was  there  such  a  wretched  scene  of 
utter  desolation.  In  the  midst  of  it  came  a 
violent  ring  at  the  b^ilL  All  star*  ^  At-,y 
Longmore  gave  a  shi-iek,  and  sto*-  ; 

with    clasped    hands     and    "l.^.r  .   .e. 

"Something  dreadful  has  h  >  that 

wilful  naan!"  exclaimed  Mr^  i  going 

impetuously  towards  the  door.  At  that  mo- 
ment the  door  opened,  and  Longmore  and 
Broadhurst  entered  together.  Before  any  of 
them  could  recover  frt>m  their  astonishment, 
Longmore  said.  ^  It  is  all  right !  "  and  caught 
his  sister  in  nis  arms,  and  embraced  and 
kissed  her  outrageously.  Then  he  caught  his 
daughter  to  hia  heart,  who,  at  those  words, 
flew  to  him,  and  embrace^!  and  kissed  her  still 
more  outrageously.  Then  he  shook  hands 
with  Tom  Broadhurst  and  the  dergyman, 
both  together  ;  imd  they  shook  his  hands, 
and  he  t^hook  theirs  again';  and  then  he 
would  most  likely  have  kused  the  clergyman's 
lady,  only  she  and  Mrs.  Banford  were  mo«t 
passionately  kissing  and  crying  at  one  another 
at  the  very  time. 

Never  was  there  such  a  hearty,  cordial, 
general  reconciliation  and  felicitation.  Lfrntr- 
more  seemed  at  one  effort  to  have  flung  off  ail 
his  gall  and  misanthropy.  In  the  midst  of 
their  joy,  they  seemed  to  forget  the  other 
great  event  of  their  meeting— the  dinner; 
the  hour  was  long  past  Nobody  before  had 
had  any  inclination  to  eat,  from  sorrow  ;  now 
they  had  forgotten  it,  for  joy.  But  at  length, 
up  came  the  turkey,  up  ciune  the  roast  beef, 
up  came  the  ^ame,  the  plum-pudding,  and  all 
iho  tarts,  mmce-piee,  and  knick-nackeries ; 
iiin\  what  Ji  dinner  was  there  after  all  I  How 
frimnphant  Mrs.  Ranford  looked  !  Her  gene- 
ralship had  succcetled  atler  all.  How  bright 
Mary  looked ;  how  pleased  Tom  and  his  father 
looked !  and  as  for  Mr,  Longmore,  he  never 
seemed  so  laige,  so  florid,  so  jovial ;  all  his 
old  jollity  and  grandeur  of  good-heartednesa 
seemed  come  mik  again  at  once.  Everybody 
wondered,  sis  they  came  to  look  at  each  other, 
and  smile  at  eruih  other,  and  talk  to  es*jh 
other,  how  in  the  world  it  was  posible  that 
people,  so  excellent  as  they  were,  and  so  msde 
for  each  other's  society,  could  have  made  such 
a  dismal  blunder  as  they  ha^l  niatle.  Mary 
observed,  with  a  quiet  smile,  that  UUver  Gold- 
smith had  explaineil  it  all  lon^  ago, 

*'  How  so  ?  ^^  asked  her  father,  astonished, 
"  How  could  he,  when  be  did  not  know 
usT" 

"  Well,'*  said  Mary,  "  he  must  have  known 
u3,  or  people  exactly  like  us — for  he  said  that 
all  this  soi-t  of  thing  came  of  people  not  know- 
ing one  another." 

"Goii  bless  us!"  said  Lnn  -     ■     i  -  .i  :.,^ 

iuit«  astonished,  **how  preeJ  ! 

tct  us  drink  to  Oliver's  imm^.  ..^    -    -    . 
"  With  all  our  hearts  !  '*  was  echoed,  ^jk^s^. 
all  aides  aX  l\\ft  ViC^A«. 


348 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


[Coii4a«M4  kf 


*' Anil  add,  '  God  blesfl  uia*  to  iV*  »ud  the 
dergYQiaD. 

"Bravo ! "  said  Broadhnrat-^" Oliver Gold- 
Bmlth,  and  God  bloss  u« !  *' 

The  toAiit  was  drunk  amid  a  strange  accom- 
panimeDt  of  snijJee  and  leAHi. 

The  vest  of  our  niory  is  nbort.  Every  one 
may  imagine  it.  Tlie  speedy  recovery  of 
Lougiuore  Piirk  ;  the  repanishaae  of  the  ample 
ohl  wool  WiirehouBed,  for  Jjongmoro  Kould 
rtibtiild  all  his  okl  ti-ado  again,  and  make  his 
rounds  amongnt  his  okl  former  friends  again ; 
tLe  marriage  of  Tom  and  Mary,  and  a  acore 
of  other  good  tliiiiL'>t  which  nil  Bprung  from 
tb«  happy  tihauife  begun  liy  Cbristmaa,  and 
completed  by  Mrs.  llanford'a  New  Year'a 
Dinner. 


^ 


THE  BUillAL  OF  THE  OLD  YEAli 

We  were  a  mighty  multitude 

That,  mournmg  for  the  Old  Year,  stood, 

The  greats  the  poor,  tho  wi^e,  the  ^ood, 

Tiio  wicked,  and  the  fiur; 
No  uaiter  for  their  itkuk  or  place ; 
The  beiggar ;  ho  of  noblo  roc© ; 
All  OOmo  to  pay  a  fnrowell  gmco 

To  tho  departed  Year. 

It  had  been  anowing  day  and  nighty 
And  tho  lablo  earth  had  a  fringe  of  light, 
As  the  velvet  pall  hath  a  border  of  white 

When  they  mouini  a  virgin  dead,* 
And  the  eolenm  wind  sang  mourufully 
A  tUrgo  of  deep  Bolemnity ; 
And  the  fltom  looked  down  from  tho  cold  grey  aky, 

And  the  moon  sailed  ovcrbeadL 

Why  art  thou  rohod  in  thy  pure  white  dre&s, 
Thy  type  of  virgin  loveljiiees  f 
Our  Igad  is  a  load  of  wickediiMi^ 

Of  sin,  and  want,  wd  gloom : 
Loaded  with  every  vice  and  crime. 
That  hoa  staiued  tho  children  vt  every  clime, 
Throughout  all  land^,  throughout  all  time. 

Was  the  Year  that  we  entomb  ! 

Fearful  and  hufihed,  and  awed,  and  Btill, 
Was  Nature  :  on  cvorj*  Rioping  hill 
The  fro9t  had  chaiucd  each  trickling  rill. 

And  stiffeued  each  rippling  wave ; 
Tho  very  wind  had  a  uiufllo<i  eoimd, 
Ab  it  Bwept  oiT  the  suow-encrueted  ground^ 
And  went  moamug  nodly  round  and  round 

Th©  briuk  of  the  new-made  grave  t 

They  brought  the  oorps©  to  his  lowly  bet!  r 

We  nw  in  tho  moonlight  the  agod^hea^l 

Bowed  down  by  the  weight  of  the  tears  be  ]  ml    I  a  >  1 

In  his  mortoi  pilgrimage ; 
But  there  was  a  Eeeting  Blmdow  like  smile, 
Ab  a  halo  arouud  bis  bpu  the  while. 
The  kflt  faint  trace  of  a  youth  without  guUe, 

Hod  Hngorcd  till  mournful  age. 

Then  there  were  groanB>  and  eohe,  and  8igh% 
And  uphft  handa,  and  tearful  eyes. 
And  wailing  moana,  and  piercing  cries. 

And  many  a  heavy  breoat ; 
And  those  bo  bod  treated  cruelly 
Looked  on  him  even  uiouniingly, 
And  murmured  low  and  pitj  ingly, 

"  Qod  aend  has  soui  may  rest !  ** 


And  they  parted  a  path  through  Uie  cloao-px«iied 

throng, 
And  I  etept  to  tho  grave  side,  the  crowd  among  ; 
For  they  saw  I  was  moved  by  the  Spirit  of  Song, 

To  lament  for  tl         '  '       i  j  <o  clay ; 
And  I  stood  by  his  narrow  : 
And  looked  my  loat  on  hia  .:  ..      .  -   .,^1.', 
And  prayed  for  him  to  Qod'a  great  gniee. 

And  kiased  him  wharo  he  lay. 

A  solemn  voice  chimed  tho  midnight  hour 
From  the  height  of  an  old  embattled  tower^ 
And  struck  by  n  more  than  mortal  powor» 

A  deep  bell  'gan  to  toll ; 
And  I  stood  erect,  ond  cast  my  eyee 
Up  to  the  Eton  ui  the  dark  droar  akio^ 
And  hearing  only  mourning  aigh«» 

1  prayed  for  the  pertod  SouL 

"  Father  ! — earth's  oationB  in  thoir  joy  and  paia 
"  Look  up  to  Thee  ;  let  it  not  be  in  vain  1 
•*  Wo  pray  Thee  that  this  paited  year  may  rest 
"  With  h^  old  brethren  ;  may  their  home  be  blogt  I 

"  Hark  the  boll  tolls  ! 
**  And  with  that  knell  arises  in  our  souls 
"  The  memory  of  what  has  passed  away.   Tina Taar 
"  Hath  plundered  us  of  many  we  held  Door, 
"  Hath  token  &om  us  many  a  precious  One, 
"  Hath  left  us  desohnte,  bcreaTed,  alone  1 
'*  Father  !  our  hearts  arc  ILfled  at  this  time 
"  Above  tlie  world,  of  sin,  and  guilt,  and  crime  : 
**  Those  yiis  Tear  injured,  those  he  heaped  widh 

rain, 
"  Alike  pray  for  him :  Father  !  not  in  vain  ! 
"  Wo  burj'  in  hia  grave  our  memories 
"  Of  wrongs  and  woes,  and  guilts,  and  iiijurioe : 
"  Wo  offer  tip  a  aacrifico  divine 
"  Of  human  pasaioDs  at  this  funenil  ahrine ; 
"  Within  this  dead  Teai''a  misty  shroud  we  lay 
"  Our  crimes,  revenges,  evermore  away  t 
"  So,  may  the  Aged  Man  before  Thy  throoCj 
"  Burdened  with  our  Bma,  and  with  hiis  own, 
"  Alike  by  Thy  great  love,  all  ains  forgiven, 
"  Await  om'  coming,  with  pure  joy — in  Heaven  !" 

THE  IRISH  CALIFORNIA 

Towards  the  end  of  the  Beanon  of  1840, 
Lord  Ashley  and  the  O'Oornjan  Muhon  aa- 
toniabed  the  House  of  Common  with  a  piece 
of  intelligence  of  that  kind  which,  in  |)opular 
plirase,  is  described  m  seeming  ^r  too  good 
to  be  tiiie.  They  announced  a  discovery  that 
unwarda  of  ninety  pounds  might  be  made  oat 
or  one  hundred  tona  of  Irish  peat,  by  on  outlay 
of  sixteen  pounds — namelVj  eight  jxmnds  for 
the  peat,  and  the  same  aum  for  the  magic 
requisite  to  tiuTj  it  into  cash.  Now  there  are 
in  Irehind  two  million  eight  himdred  aaOl 
thirty  tbouaand  acres  of  peat  bog,  varying 
in  depth  from  six  to  forty  feet.  At  th« 
above  rate,  the  products  of  peat  woidd  have 
returned  some  five  hundred  per  cent,  Thua, 
one-sevt?nth  of  the  whole  siirface  of  Ireland 
would  have  proved  to  be  a  territoiy  far  ex- 
ceeding  in  wealth  the  most  auriferous  of 
region* — California  proper,  El  Duriwlo,  or  the 
imaginary  domaina  of  Sir.  Thontoa  Tidier. 

Experiment,  however,  it  was  found,  had  not 
yet  warranted  a  dependence  on  these  gohJen 


Cb4M>ln  D>ck«H«.J 


THE  IBISH  CALIFORNIA. 


34J> 


premkea,  and  the  mugnificeiit  expectations 
wliich  had  been  entertained  from  peat  were 
foreotten. 

Ihat  is  to  say,  thej  were  forgotten  by  the 
British  public,  but  not  by  the  genUeiiuui  whose 
enterprise  had  given  occaeiou  fur  them,  and 
the  Tusnit  of  whose  attempts  tu  utilize  peat, 
prftiiiAturely  disclosed,  formed  the  gubattiiice 
of  the  foregoing  statements.  Mr.  Owen,  the 
gentleinftn  in  question,  haviii^^  in  a  letter  to 
the  "  Timesj"  rectified  the  mistake  that  had 
been  made  as  to  the  conolusivene.ss  of  the 
experiments  whereon  tho&e  statetuentd  had 
been  founded,  continued  quietly  to  prosecute 
hia  deaigna  upon  peat,  till  he  bad  snccee^led  in 
ascerUuning  what  was  really  to  be  hoped  from 
it,  with  sufficient  nredaion  to  obtain  for  the 
estimate  respectful  quotation  in  the  money* 
article  of  the  rather  celebrated  journal  jus»t 
mentioned.  It  apnears  that  a  yield,  not 
uadeed  of  five  huuared,  but  at  least  of  one 
hundred  per  cent,  may  be  expected  from  the 
inateriaL  One  hundred  i>er  cent,  derivable 
from  peat,  will  be  a  benedt  to  Ireland  coni' 
menaurate  with  her  bogs,  the  urea  and 
contents  of  which,  it  must  be  acliuittetl,  are 
considerable.  Peat,  which,  save  that  it  was 
used  as  an  inferior  sort  of  fuel»  was  Jieretofore 
merely  one  of  the  encunibi'ances  of  Irish 
estates,  bida  fair  to  be,  henceforth,  a  mine  of 
wealth  to  L-eland. 

Now,  it  may  be  said  that  there  are  two 
methods  of  miuiug.  One  con&isU  in  simply 
dijzging  into  the  earth,  and  getting  out  its 
riches.  In  the  other  case  the  miner  does  not 
penetrate  into  the  mere  globe  of  the  earth, 
but  into  the  several  snhstaaces  of  the  earth's 
productions.  He  extract*  his  wealth  out  of 
tile  verj*  matter  iUelf  of  which  this  or  that 
thing  ia  composed.  So  he  gets  starch  out  of 
wheat,  or  sugar  out  of  beet-root,  not  to 
mention  a  multitude  of  other  valuables  ob- 
tained from  diiTereut  sources.  This  miner  is 
the  chemist.  By  chemistr)^,  treasures  are 
detected  in  rubbish — are  derived  from  appa- 
rently useless  refuse  and  offid.  For  instance, 
chemistry  it  is,  that  can  make  above  cent  per 
«^nt  out  of  a  tangled  mass  of  weeds,  the 
m&tted  medley  of  htUf-decayed  mosses  rushes, 
grasses,  and  heather,  constituting  peat. 

It  had  been  kno^-n  for  8c>me  tlmcj  that 
there  was  treasure  *m  peat ;  but  the  question 
WM  how  to  get  at  it,  unless  at  an  expense 
which  would  have  equalled  or  eiceetled  its 
worth.  This  problem  was  at  last  effectually 
Bolved  by  Mr.  Keea  Eeece,  the  scientific  eo- 
idjutor  of  Mr.  Owen,  by  the  invention  of  a 
process  for  which  he  haa  obtained  a  patent, 
and  of  the  natui*e  of  which,  by  the  favour  of 
Mr,  Heece,  a  general  idea  will  be  presented  tu 
the  reader. 

It  must  be  premised  th&t  the  produce  of 
peat  consists  ot—  sulphate  of  ammonia,  value 
twelve  pounds  per  ton  ;  acetate  of  lime,  four- 
teen pounds;  nanhtha,  five  shillings  per  gallon ; 
paraioiie,  one  shjliing  j>er  pound  ;  ajid  two 
varieties  of  <m1,  at  one  shdling  per  gallon, 


respectively.  All  these  products,  except  the 
sulphuric  acid  in  the  sidphate  of  ammonia, 
ana  the  lime  in  the  acetate  of  lime,  are 
entirely  derived  from  the  peat.  The  con- 
sumption of  thirty-six  thousand  ^ve  hundre«A 
tons  of  peat  in  a  year  would,  it  La  computed, 
give  an  amount  of  goods  equivalent  to  twenty 
three  thousand  six  hundred  and  twcuty-five 
pounds,  leaving,  after  the  deduction  of  the 
cost  of  production,  eleven  thousand  nine 
hundreti  and  ei^ht  pounds  profit. 

For  the  beneht  of  our  non-chemicnl  fiiendss, 
it  must  also  be  observed  that  the  paraffine 
(which  is  a  sort  of  vegetable  spermaceti),  the 
naphtha,  the  oils,  the  ammonia,  and  the  acetic 
acid,  do  not  exist  severally  in  the  peat  i-eadv- 
formed.  They  cannot  be  extracted  from  it, 
as  acid,  and  sugar,  and  &agrant  essential  oil 
can  be  got  out  of  an  orange,  for  inst/wice,  or 
tan  out  of  oak  bark,  or  bitter  extract  out  of 
hope.  Though  they  come  out  of  the  peat, 
they  are  not  in  it.  An  explanation  of  this 
somewhat  paradoxical  remark  may  seem  due 
to  the  class  of  readers  just  now  addressed. 

Feat,  like  all  other  vegetable  subsianccft, 
consists  of  the  elementary  principles  or  forms 
of  matter  (elementary,  as  far  as  we  yet  know) 
called  Gturbou,  oxygen,  and  hydrogen.  It  also, 
like  all  animal,  and  some  but  not  all  vegetable 
matter,  contains  another  such-like  elemenUury 
principle  termed  nitrogen.  These  four  ele- 
ments, combined  chemically  in  different  pro- 
portions, constitute  everjrthing  that  can 
possibly  be  made  or  obtained  from  a  purely 
animal  or  vegetable  substance.  Accormnff  to 
the  number  and  proportion  in  which  tncy 
combine,  is  tho  nature  of  every  individual 
compound  wliich  tliey  form  ;  it  may  be  food, 
it  may  be  poison  ;  it  may  serve  for  furniture, 
for  clothing,  for  fuel  As  the  letters  of  the 
alphabet  by  various  arrangements  form  a 
vast  number  of  words,  so  by  different  combi- 
nations do  these  elements  comjwse  a  multitude 
of  tilings.  For  example,  carbon,  hydrogen, 
and  oxygen,  imite^l  in  the  pi'oportions  of  four 
of  the  first,  six  of  the  second,  and  two  of  the 
last,  make  alcohol  or  spirit  of  wine.  Twelve 
of  carbon,  eleven  of  hydrogen,  and  ele\i*en  of 
oxygen,  constitute  ^n.  Nitrogen  and  oxy- 
gen united  in  equal  proportions,  become  the 
well-known  "  laughing  gas ;"  in  the  propor- 
tions of  one  of  uitrogwi  to  five  of  oxygen, 
they  constitute  corrosive  nitric  acid  or  aqua- 
fortis. And  carbon,  oxygen,  hydrogen,  and 
nitrogen,  vai'iously  combined,  constitute  the 
several  substances  procured  from  peat — 
namely,  paraffine,  naphtha,  oils,  acetic  acid, 
and  aramonia- 

Simply  to  mix  these  elements  in  the  pro- 
portions rejquired  to  generate  a  particular 
substance,  is  not  sufficieut  to  make  it.  For 
that  purpose  they  must  be  blended  by  a  union 
more  intimate  than  that  of  mere  mechanical 
mixture.  They  must  be  amalgamated  by 
chemical  combination,  so  as  to  be  inteniiingle<.i 
in  the  mmuteat  particle  of  the  compound. 
To  accomplish  this  lb  more  or  leas  diflicolt  in 


350 


HOUSEHOLD  WOUBa 


CCoftif  iirte4  fcr 


diiTerenc  cases ;  m  that  of  peat,  the  tfi&k  U 
veiT  easy. 

Mil  the  bowl  of  ft  oommoa  tobacco-pipe  with 
•omc  peat,  and  cap  it  with  pipe-day*  rut  the 
bowl  of  the  pipe  into  a  red-hot  fire.  In  a  few 
minute*  a  smoke  will  iflsae  firoui  the  end  of 
the  stem-  That  nmoke  contains  &11  the  pro- 
ducts wMch  sire  the  riches  of  the  peat 
Nothing  more  is  necessary  than  to  collect  it, 
separate  its  componentsL  and  purify  them* 
it^re  heat  has  diaenf^ed  the  elements  of  the 
peat,  and  recombined  them  in  the  new  ar- 
nrngements  of  paiiiffine,  oils,  and  other  matters 
ah'eady  enumerated.  Thus  has  been  described 
a  schoolboy's  experimeut;  but  that  eipen- 
ment  is,  in  little,  the  procea-s  termed  "  Destruc- 
hv  which  pe^t  is  decom- 


combuation  of  vegetable  matter.  These  Are 
forced  np  by  the  continued  pre*»flTrfe  of  the 
flteara  ll>ellow3    through    the   mr  nent 

maaa  of  pefit.    They  cannot  bin  lums 

in  or«ler  to  do  that  it  would  be  nccess.Tj"y  that 
they  shoidd  contain  free  oxygen.  But  tho 
combustion  p/mg  on  below,  combines  all  Ui4 
air  impelled  into  the  furnace  with  carbon  to 
form  carbonic  acid;  which  *  xtirinnMli.'fl 
fii^.    The  aaeemling  vapoui-s,  f  1m  :. 

as  they  are,  absolutely  pi-evr-nt  .\m 

burning.    But  they  decom,  Mr, 

preciaely  as  fire  would  f j  '  .u:t 

with  which  it  was  defended  by  u  clviscd  rctiirt. 
It  is  here  to  be  ivmarked,  that  the  hot  car- 
bonic acid  gas  oomblnea  in  its  naoent  with  an 
additional  proportion  of  the  c«J>bon  of  Ihts 
peat,  and   becomes  converted   into   carbonic 


i 

I 


* 


live  Diatiilatiou,' 

posed,  and  coo  verted  into  those  materials. 

Now,  to  effect  the  destructive  distillation  of '  oxide.     The  products  of  the  deoomponti 
peat,  03  by  the  tobacco-pipe,  on  a  large  scale, '  and  distiUatiou  escape,  ui  the  f«>nM  '>f  *tn4vt 
it  would  1>e  neceaaarj'^  tnat  the  huge  retort,  f  from  the  upper  aperture  of  th. 
corresponding  to  the  bowl  of  the  pipe,  shouhl   the  worm,  and  so  pass  on  to  be 
be  made  of  iron,  because  any  other  materials  the  receiver. 

would  be  too  thick  and  cumbrous,  or  otherwise       These  product*  are: — 1.  P&nlfine;  vri 
inconvenieut    But  aa  the  retort  would  have   is  a  peculuir    compound  uf   hydrogen    ami 
to  i>e  placed  in  a  furnace,  and  heated  red-hot,   carbon.    2,  Naphtha,  or  wood  spirit ;  an  ftxy- 
it  would  speedily  aliare  the  fate,  weE  known  genised   combination   of  the  same     T 
to  all  good  housewives,  of  a  kitchen  boiler  in  '  3.  A  volatile  oil ;  and  4.  An  f>il  1cm 
which  no  water  is  kept.    To  speak  chemicall}',  i  being  further  combinations  of  those  « 
it  would  quickly  become  oxidised  ;  in  ordinary  5.  Acetate  of  Ammonia,  wliich  is  a  c 
language,  it  would  soon  be  spoiled.    Moreover  ^  of  all  four  of  the  elements — ox\\""' 
the  furnace  would  reouire  an  immense  quan-   nitrogen,  and  carbon.     6.  Carl"  : 

tity  of  fuelj  the  cost  ot  which,  added  to  that ,  nvmia,  compo^;!  il   nf  the  sami- 
of  the  used-up  retorts,  would  come  to  more  diJferent  pr  7.  Water;  or  1 

money  than  the  proceeds  of  the  concern  would  combined  %v:  n.    *^.  A  imiTtK 

be  worth.    Tliese  diffictdties,  and  some  others, !  flammable  giisea,  eon  iiiui 

till  recently  stood   in  the  way  of  obtaining  *  aeriform  condnuatioh  <^a^-| 


bon,  and  of  carlxinic  oxide,  the  cuiuaLtujcnia 
of  which  are  carl>c>n  and  oxvp^en.     9.  tVirhoul 


itself,  in  a  minute  state 
gethcT    with    impurities, 


from  peat  those  imi-wrtant  commodities  which 
it  had  for  sk>ine  lime  been  suspected  to  be  capa- 
ble of  affonlinr;.  They  rip|)ear  to  have  been 
completely  surmounted  at  last  by  ]VIr.  Reece. 

He  dispenses  altogK'ther  with  a  rotoit,  and  at  j  mingled   procf.vd.^  of  the 
the  same  time  ecunomizes  fuel  to  the  utmost   appcai-ance  of  smoke;  n 
extent,  by  the  following  very  ingenious,  and   will  be   soon   BH*?n  that    Li 
equally  simple  contrivance. 

A  LirgG  t^imace  is  built  of  brick.    It  is 


JS 

closed  at  top  by  a  moveable  coven  On  one 
aide,  near  the  base,  it  has  an  aperture  con- 
nected with  a  blowing -cylinder,  tlirough  which 
air  is  injected  by  means  of  a  steam-engine, 
acting  as  a  great  pair  of  bellows.  On  the 
other  side  o**  the  furnace,  near  the  top,  is 
another  aperture,  wher»?to  is  fitted  a  convo- 
luted pipe,  or  worm,  terminatin;;  in  a  receiver, 
or  condenser,  fanmersed  in  cold  water*  Tho 
furnace  is  filled  with  peat,  and  closed  down ; 
the  peat  is  ignited  at  the  lower  ai)erture  ;  to 
this  tho  blowing-cylinder  is  attached :  the 
stemn-engine  is  set  going,  and  air  is  pumped 
in  at  the  rate  of  tlu-ee  thousand  cubic  feet 
per  minute,  for  the  consumption  of  one  hun- 
dred tons  of  peat  in  twenty-four  hours.  A 
comparatively  small  stratum  of  peat,  l>Hng 
immediately  above  the  blast-hole,  is  all  that 
is  burnt,  in  the  onlinary  sense  of  the  word. 
This  is  converted  chiefly  into  carbonic  acid 
gjiSf  and  the  other  gajieous  products  of  the 


.     tO'\ 

ole 

!«iir 

1  it 

....    ...J    no 

means  temiin.itcs. 

For  convenience  isake,  however,  we  will  still 
call  the  mixture  of  gases  and  vapours  whtdx^ 
pass  out  of  the  furnace,  smoke.  This  smoke  ^ 
18  conducted  by  the  ^  wonu  "  into  the  refrige- 
rator, or  receiver,  essentially  just  as  tno( 
vapour  of  the  btill  is  ti-eated  in  distilling* 
spirit  In  this  receiver  so  much  of  it  as  la ^ 
condensible  is  condensed  by  tlte  cold  fJiiiii 
surrounding  the  vessel,  and  collects  in  this 
form  of  tar  and  water.  Tlv  •*-  -^^  '  ^r  «  hich 
is  gaseous,  pafises  away  thr  i  pe 

to  a  destination  which  will      .  by- 

and-by. 

In  the  mixed  maoB — or  mess — of  fluid  CfOt' ' 
dcused  in  the  receiver  we  have  all  the  markt.H> 
ablo  and  moat  important  products  of  f.h**  p<Mii, 
paly  Idended,  confused,  and  juni^  ■■  'icr, 

in  what,  seendnglv,  is  a  mere  r-  irt 

and  dregs;  and  the  question  n<jw  is  ijmw  to 
get  them  away,  and  separate  them,  and  purify 
them. 

The  water  is  drawn  ofl*  from  the  tar,  ^hktb 


i 


^ 


ChadM  ttlck««%-] 


^H  18  e&silv  effected  ;  aa  the  latter  is  lighter  tbao 
^■1  the  foiTuer^  and  cakes^  and  aepamtes^  itself 
^H  from  it,  and  swims  upon  lU  sai^ace.  Witb 
^■l  the  water  the  uaphtha  is  also  ♦iraTra  away. 
^H  The  water  likewise  contains  the  acet^ttf  and 
pi  caibonate  of  aimnonia,  diasolved.  One  htin- 
\  dred  tons  of  peat  fiiniiah  from  ten  thousand 

I      to  twelve  thousand  gallons  of  water,  acconling 
I       to  the  dryness  of  the  material.    In  ten  thon- 

I  sand  gnJioua  of  this  water  there  ia  a  quantity 
of  auunonia  sufficient  for  the  manufacture  of 
one  ton  of  sulphate  of  ammonia  and  of  acetic 
add  ecjual  to  fourteen  hundred  weight  of  grej 
actjtatc  of  lime ;  there  is  alzK)  contained  naphtha 
to  the  iunount  of  fifly-two  giUloua.  This  floating 
capital^ — aawe  may  term  it^ia  thus  realised : — 
To  the  condensed  Mqnor  which  has  been 
se|)arated  from  the  tar  is  added  lime,  in  the 
proportion  of  six  hundred  weight  to  t«n 
thousand  gallons.  The  whole  b  atirred 
thoroughlT  for  some  time ;  and  is  then  dls* 
tilled.  The  rapours  driven  otf  by  distillation 
connist  of  naphtha,  and  ammonia,  or  spirit  of 
hartehom,  aa  it  is  commonly  called.  The 
naphtlia  is  made  to  fiy  olf  simply  by  the  heat. 
The  mumouia  ia  expelled  by  the  agency  of  the 
lime  on  the  acetate  of  ammonia.  The  lime 
unites  chemically  with  the  carbonj  oxygen, 
and  part  of  the  hydrogen  of  the  acetate  of 
ammonia.  That  is  to  say,  it  unites  with  the 
acetic  acid,  in  consequence  of  containing  which 
the  stilMitauce  in  queijtion  Ls  called  an  acetate  [ 
and  which  conaiata  of  those  three  eltimeuta. 
Tlie  remaining  hydrogen  with  all  the  nitrogen 
>f  the  acetate  of  ammonia,  constitute  the 
louia  itself;  which  Ls  left  free  by  the  lime, 
'^l^nd  by  tlie  adtlitional  power  of  the  heat  is 
raistd  in  vapour  together  with  the  naphtha. 
The  mixture  of  the  two  rapours  ia  conducted 
into  dilute  sulphuric  acid,  contained  in  a  clo«e 
vessel,  to  which  a  naphtha- rectifier  is  attached. 
Thf  naphtha  passes  into  the  rectifier  to  be 
puritled  by  distillation.  The  ammonia  ia  de- 
laine 1  by  the  8ulphm*ic  acid,  with  which  it 
combines^  and  forms  the  salt  called  sulphate  of 
ammonia,  which  has  only  to  be  cr)*stalliBed  to 
be  reduced  to  an  available  form.  And  so  Mr. 
Keece  g«;ts  his  sulphate  of  ammonia  and  naph- 
tha ;  but  he  has  aJbo  to  get  acetate  of  lime. 

Lime,  it  will  Ijc  recoritM.-ted,  was  added  to 
the  liquor  whence  the  naphtha  and  ammonia 
weiT  distilled :  and  we  lefl  it  there  in  com- 
biiJiition  with  aojtic  acid.  In  fact,  it  took  the 
place  of  the  ammonia ;  ;ind  the  ru^uor  left  in 
the  still  ia  a  solution  of  just  that  very  sub- 
stance wliich  the  question  now  is  how  to  obtain. 
This  rjueistion  might  be  readily  solved  by 
evaiH'i .a  ing  and  ci^staUisinffthe liquid  merely: 
but  acetate  of  lime  obtained  by  this  summary 
process  w  ould  be  in  a  very  impure  statt;.  To 
I'ctine  it,  therefore^  is  necessary.  Accordingly, 
the  liquor  ia  concentrated  by  bfting  boiled 
down  till  in  every  one  hundred  parts  of  it  are 
contained  ten  parts  of  acetic  acid  combined 
with  limi*.  Then  sulphuric  acid  is  added  to 
it  in  6u£cieut  quantity  to  unite  with  tiie  lime 
and  disengage  tlie  acetic  acid.    The  li<iUor  is 


TH£  IRISH  CALIFORNIA. 


now  distilled  again  ;  and  the  produce  of  the 
distillation  U  acetic  acid.  This  is  again  satu- 
mted  with  lime,  and  thus  returns  to  the  stat^j 
of  acetate,  the  resulting  acetate  of  lime  being 
now  sufficiently  pure  for  commercial  purpcaeii, 
and  needing  nothing  further  than  being  boiled 
down  and  dried  to  be  ready  for  the  market. 

In  the  processes  above  deacril^d,  lime  has 
been  represented  as  dissolving  the  coimexion 
between  ammonia  and  acetic  acid  ;  sulphuric 
acid  as  disengaging  acetic  acid  from  lime,  and 
aa  arresting  the  volatile  ammonia  and  caoaing 
it  and  naphtha  to  part  company.  To  be  under- 
stood by  aU  to  whom  these  pi^eseuta  may  come, 
it  must  be  stated  that  these  changes  are  the 
result  of  the  play  of  chemical  amnities,  dif- 
ferent Bubatances  having  different  degrees  of 
attractiveness  one  for  the  other,  breaking 
their  mutual  engagements^  ^ind  cutting  each 
other  out,  thus  exLibitiog  behaviour  analo- 
gous to  phenomena  occasionally  met  with  in 
another  sphere  than  that  of  chendstry.  Acetic 
acid  deserts  ammonia  for  lime.  IJme  again 
jilts  acetic  for  the  more  powerful  charms  of 
auljihuric  acid.  Tliese,  too,  are  ot^  a  natare  so 
irresistible  as  to  resist  and  enchain  fickle 
ammonia.  But  from  these  interesting  analo- 
giea  we  must  return  to  our  peat.  It  has  been 
seen  how  sulphate  of  ammonia,  acetate  of 
lime,  and  naphtha  are  obtained  from  its  w&tery 
protluct ;  it  has  now  to  be  shown  how  the 
paj-affine  and  the  oils  are  extracted  from 
its  tar. 

The  tar  derived  from  one  hundred  tons  of 
peat  consists  of  from  three  hundred  to  three 
nundred  and  fifty  pounds  of  paraffine,  and 
tliree  hundred  gallons  of  oils,  with  a  sub- 
staiu:e  called  capnomor  (a  Greek  oomjpound 
word,  merely  sigiufying  **  part  of  smoke  )  and 
waste. 

This  paraffine  which  holds  so  important  a 
place  among  the  products  of  peat,  was  first 
discovered  in  tar  by  Reichenb.ach.  It  is  a  white, 
fufiibIe,soIid  sulistance,aud  it  has  the  cap.ibility 
of  being  distilled  without  maturijd  cliange.  It 
melts  at  one  hundred  and  ten  decrees  (Fah- 
renheit) into  an  oily  liquid.  Like  wax,  it 
bums  with  a  beautifully  clear  white  flame. 
Its  combustion  b  unjittended  with  the  slightest 
smell-  Such  a  substance,  obtained  cheaply 
and  plenlLfulty,  would  clearly  be  a  ^'(sit  addi- 
tion to  the  common  stock  of  human  property, 
UnfortuiKitely,  however,  in  the  preparation 
of  pandfine,  the  use  of  ether  was  necesaaij. 
Valuable  as  waa  the  paralfine,  it  was  not 
woilh  the  exchange ;  to  consume  ether  in 
procuring,  it  waa  like  throwing  sovereigns 
after  crowns.  It  might  have  still  contiimed 
to  be  a  mei-e  chemical  cariosity.  The  prac- 
tical difliculty,  however,  of  obtaining  this 
commodity,  has  also  been  overcome  by  Mr. 
Ileeee. 

The  tar  is  melted  and  Garefully  freed  from 
water.  "WTiilst  it  is  of  a  temperature  not 
exceeding  one  hundred  degreea  Fahrenheit, 
twenty  gallons  of  sulphiuic  acid  are  added  to  it 
The  acid  and   tar  aie   w«U  fetlrrcd  tcy^tWt 


duritig  twenty  xmQuie&  'flie  snltihunc  acid 
dccumposvfl  the  tinpuntiei,  oomlbiiiea  with 
thtm.  And  prtvipitatea  UieiUf  or  caases  them 
to  gravitate  to  tlie  botiooi  of  the  vessel. 
Thoroaghly  to  effect  their  sepfttnticmy  hot 
vrater  is  mldcJ^  '^^'^jt  being  hesivier  than 
the  v«i6r,  sink.  The  pur^r  poitioD  of  the 
tMr»  ccamaimg  of  the  oiU  and  pai-xJffine,  floata 
oa  th«  flur&«  of  the  water,  which  thuA 
Ibniis  JUi  i&terremnc  Btation  of  partition 
bHv«cn  it  suid  the  uregs.  The  mixture  of 
paraffine  and  oils  is  now  drawn  off  and  dis- 
tilled. The  fiist  half  part  of  the  prodncU  of 
the  distillation  is  set  apart ;  this  conaist^  of 
tho  more  voUtiie  oil,  mingled  with  aome 
foreicaL  mattere.  The  other liAlf  includes  the 
paniffin^  together  with  the  oil  of  the  denser 
toit«  Tnisuitter  product  of  the  distillation 
ia  allowed  to  cool ;  and  then  the  paraffine 
sfjaUUiaeay  and  maj  be  discovered  in  the 
CMm  of  lUkea^  difineed  throughout  the* 
The  man  ia  now  aabjected  to  pressure  ;  ni 
thus  the  fluid  oU  ia  aqiie«ced  awaj  from  the 
moiv  «uUd  peralfiDe.  Here,  then,  it  may  be 
cupposed,  we  have  the  paraffine.  True  ; 
but  we  have  it  qunlined  with  two  vety  aerious 
drawbacks, — lis  colour  ia  vety  httA,  and  iia 
odour  ia  worse.  To  bleach  and  to  deodoriae 
it«  it  ia  subjected  to  the  operation  of  chloro- 
chromic  acid,  which  has  the  twofold  efiTect  of 
rendering  it  both  deftr  and  sweet.  The 
paraffine  is  now  of  the  oolour  of  butter  ;  bat^ 
at  thia  eUge  of  its  prenaration,  another 
ohslnftle  k  enooontere^l.  It  haa  pawed  into 
an  amiorplums  state  ;  that  is,  it  has  lost  iu 
soDStateDt  form ;  itt  traEkalucener  has  ako 
been  destroyed.  To  restore  these  qualities  it 
is  distilled  once  more.  Powerful  hTdraulic 
piwnze  is  then  applied  to  it,  and,  lastly^  it 
St  exposed  (or  a  considerable  time  to  the 
actkn  of  free  «t<«m.  And  thusy  in  a  pre- 
sentable shape,  eliminated  from  a  mass  of 
fool  and  fetid  tar,  we  at  last  get  the  pa> 
talline^ 

The  oils,  both  the  portion  of  oU  distilled  in 
the  fint  instance  from  the  tar,  and  that  sub- 
sequently separated  by  pressure  &om  the 
paraffine,  have  now  to  be  purified.  They  are 
Bungled  together^  and  a  quantity  either  of 
eaiistic  potash  or  soda^  or  Ume,  is  mingled 
with  them,  lime  is  preferable  on  aooovni 
of  its  eompu^tive  dkeapneas^  Hstii^  been 
well  stirroo,  the  mixture  is  allowed  to  settle ; 
and  then  the  oils  are  decanted,  and  snlphunc 
acid  b  added  to  them.  The  solphuncacid 
combines  with  any  portion  of  lime  that  may 
be  suspended  in  their  substance,  and  throws 
it  down  in  the  form  of  insoluble  so^diais  of 
lime,  and  with  it  pr^nitates otheriemaining 
impuritieflL  The  mingled  oils  are  nov  finally 
distilled,  and  bleached  bv  ehloroebroaaie 
add.  Of  the  product  of  tais  uhunato  dis^ 
tOlatiOD  the  6nt  sixty  parts  ner 
stitttte  the  lighter  oil^  and  Ins 
poitlon  couaiate  ef  that  whi^  i 
1088  volatile. 

The  gaseous  pfodueU  of  the  disHllation  of 


to- 


4 
ity 


wilt 


of  heat  for  dryiq^  steaming,  burning 
id  other  purposes,  m  the  estAUahmeut 


the  peat  ivmain  to  be  acf-  Thcr 

amount,  for  every  one  hmi  »f  T^^'at, 

to  aix  million  cubic  feet  of  \  1  >le 

gases,  namely,  carburc*tt«*d  lut 

gas,  and  free  hydrogen  (tli!^   ;  itij* 

according    to  tlic   dryness  of  < 

gether  \»'ith  carbouic  oxiile.     \S 

mmgled  a  certain  proportion  of  u 

a  minute  quantity  of  carbcmic  n 

which  are  uninflammable  ;  but  tl> 

is   too    snuJl    to   interfere    mat' 

the  infiammabtlity  of  the  whole.  This  mixture 

of  gaaea  ia  conducted  away  io  pipes,  and  uae<l 

as  fuel  for  the  supply  of  the  steam-engines  and 

the  rlistilliDg  apparatuses,  and  also  to  afford 

sources 

Ume^  and  otner  purposes, 

and  ita  neighbourhood 

We  have  now — by  the  help  of  3tfr,  Beeefr** 

resolved  the  bulk  of  our  pest  into  its  salt,  oUs^ 

1^  vegetable  wax  or  sperm,  and  gaaes. 

g  remains  of  it  on  the  hearth  of  the 

I  tiii-uAoebut  fiome  tbree  or  four  tons  of  ''slag,** 

which  is  allowed  to  run  out,  as  in  the 

of  smelting  iron. 

That  these  products  of  peat  are  highly  us^-, 

fill,  may  be  inferred  from  their  oomoievdiLJ 

value,  above  stated.    Sulphate  of  aznmovda  ill 

!  emnloyed  in  the  prcpaiaCioQ  of  the  amiiaia, 

canKinate,  and  otMr  nits  of  aramoiua  iiaed  In 

j  medicine,  ehemistr^,   and  various  arts  and 

I  mannfSirtaires^    It  is  also  inery  geoerallr  a{K 

;  plied  as  a  fertilising  agent    Acetate  vi  \lsam 

I  IS  the  Bouroe  whence  is  obtained  acetic  or 

pyroUgneoBS  acid,  or  distilled  rinrgar ;  calioo- 

pnnteis  also  mftke  great  use  of  it    Kaphthoi 

is  a  sufastsnos  in  great  reqjucst  with  hatters, 

:  vamiah-oiakera,  and  all  who  want  a  ready 

I  and  efficient    wlvent  ai  |^ums  and    resins, 

,  besides  serving  Ibr  combustion  axul  lUumia*- 

tioQ.    Paraffine,  in  virtne  of  its  doss  resem- 

,'  bhince  to  the  most  beautiful  wax  or  spson, 

'and  from  ita  rmdfly  oombioinff  with  those 

bodies  and  muM  £stty  matt^n  by  fiisiott^  nn 

'  weQ  as  by  reason  of  the  whltenaat  and  lustrer 

I  of  the  flame  with  which  it  burns,  is  a  material 

fitted  for  the  manufacture  of  a  moat  elegant 

deecripdon  of  <mnrflei     Its  emittlitf  n»»  rvTotir 

in  burning  renders  it  peeuliaily  A.  ' 

illuminating  pnrpoaea.    Hie  more  t> 

{ i%  like  the  naphtha,  vahmhie  as  a  soiveua. 

CMMitdiooc,  gotta  padm,  sasd 

'and  Tumialies:   liis  mofe  fixed  oQ  maf^ 

I  combined  witli  ta&ow  or  mIsdhoO,  to  ms 

grease  for  lufasicatiqg  mncuasty;  or  mixed' 

with  common  oil  to  prodoee  a  elump  lamp<iil,  j 

It  is  siso  oonvertiBe  into  the  best  kind  of] 

[  deared. 
it  must  nsA 
bare  is  now 
of  the  haabsnd- 


I 


NEW  PHASE  OF  BEE-LIFE. 


353 


peraoas  hitherto  exieting,  or  ^atb^e^  vegeta- 
tinfij  in  a  state  of  semi-starvation.  Thus  not 
onJy  will  pe»t  be  converted  into  acetates  and 
animonincol  salt^  and  paraffine,  and  other 
hydrocarbons,  but  will  nndergo  a  not  lesa 
interesting  n»etanjorphosi»  into  Irish  Imcon. 
Irish  beef,  Irish  bread — let  ua  hope — and 
thence  into  Irish  bone  and  muscle-  Of  it« 
conversion  into  English  plum-ptidding,  with  & 
view  to  the  latter  of  these  transform  ationa, 
Mr.  Owen  has  a  capital  experiment  to  relate, 
tried  by  him  at  his  already  established  works 
at  Newtown  Crommelin,  in  Antrim.  The 
piiim-pudding  waa  a  much  greater  novelty  to 
the  poor  fellows  than  the  paratHne,  at  its  first 
discovery,  was  to  the  world  of  cberaista. 

If  aijy  dependence  can  be  placed  from  facts 
*nd  dgiues,  and  the  mogt  intelligible  argu- 
ments and  deductions  from  Fwientific  data,  it 
does  8@em  that  Ireland  contains  the  elements 
of  a  prosperity  only  to  be  y>aniUeled  in  amomit 
by  her  previoua  wretchedueaa.  The  traditional 
gratitude  of  Irishmen  stilJ  honours  St.  Patrick 
for  having  preached  all  the  vermin  of  their 
iaiaad  into  tne  pentrbogs.  They  will,  probably, 
havt  much  more  reiison  to  thank  Mr.  Rees 
Beeoe  and  ilr.  Owen  for  the  opulence  which 
those  gentJemen  aa-III  have  conjured  out  of  the 
bogs  by  the  beautiful  magic  of  chemistry, 
idded  by  capitaJ, 

A  NEW  PHASE  OF  BEE-LIFE, 

About  the  middle  of  an  afternoon  in  July, 
1848,  we  had  landed  on  a  low  sand-bank, 
which,  for  a  short  distance,  skirted  the  right 
hank  of  the  stream,  for  the  piupose  ot 
encamping  for  the  night ;  and  ri^ht  glad  were 
we  to  stretch  our  limoB  after  tea  hours'  paA- 
dUng.  The  Indians  had  started  in  their  wood- 
akin  up  the  neighbouring  creek,  in  quest  of 
game  for  our  evcnuig'a  repast,  and  the  women 
were  clearing  a  space  beneath  the  bniuches  for 
our  hammocka,  and  collecting  fuel  for  the 
nightly  fire.  AU  who  have  wandered  with 
the  pleasant  Waterton  in  his  chivalrous  Ex- 
pedition on  the  Essequibo,  will  remember  Ids 
tir»t  guiltless  attempt  to  hook  the  wary  cay- 
;inan,  Itefore  seeking  more  skilful  allies  in  the 
J"  idiaif  settlement  higher  up  the  river.  The 
''•and-bank  in  which  we  were  about  to  bivouac, 
was  that  mentioned  in  his  nari-ative,  where, 
for  four  days,  he  had  imi>atiently  waited  for 
the  shafles  of  evening,  and  as  often  turned 
into  hia  hammock  at  day-break  with  hia 
longings  ungratified. 

It  was  as  usual  intensely  hot  in  the  sun. 
To  seek  aome  relief,  for  the  first  time  during 
the  day,  I  stroUed — or  rather  straggled,  for 
every  step  through  the  tangle«l  creepers  had 
to  be  gained  by  hacking  ;uid  hewing  with  a 
entlass — down  to  the  cool  banks  of  the  creek, 
whose  overhanging  branches,  forming  a  mag- 
nificent arcade  of  verdure,  almost  excluded 
(or  admitted  only  at  distant  intervals),  the 
scorching  raya. 

Seating  myself  on  the  smooth  grey  trunk 


of  a  tree,  which  lay  pro9tT»te  across  the  glug- 
giah  water,  who»e  broken  limbs  shone  blight 
m  the  gay  drapery  of  a  acarlet-blossomed  epi- 
phyte, I  lighted  my  pipe,  and  taking  a  V»ook 
from  my  pocket,  began  lazily  turning  over  the 
pages  and  lightly  gleaning  the  pleasant 
thought  of  a  witty  and  social  poet.  My 
attention  now  and  again  drawn  away  by  the 
ceasele.ss  tappings  of  a  yellow-headeti  wood- 
I>ecker  on  a  decaying  tree  dose  at  hand,  to  tho 
glitteriiiiT:  fiaslies  of  a  Kiirabimita^  a  Toraiz- 
throated  humming-bird — a  frequenter  of  dark 
and  solitary  creeks,  capturing  flies  among  the 
gay  petals,  for  his  nest-keeping  partner,  who, 
a  few  paces  up  the  stream  was  gently  swing- 
ing with  the  evening  breeze,  in  her  tiny  home. 
I  had  been  in  this  position  for  some  time, 
little  regarding  the  whizzing  hum  of  insects 
constantly  passing  and  repassing — when,  my 
gaze  chancing  to  Idl  a  yanl  or  more  fix>m  my 
resting  place,  I  detected  a  small  bright-grey 
be^  al>out  the  third  of  an  inch  in  length, 
disappearing  in  what  seemed  a  solid  part  of 
the  trunk. 

There  was  no  hole  or  crevice  perceptible  to 
the  eye,  nor  did  that  portion  of  the  bark  fe  "^ 
less  smooth  than  that  immediately  adjoining. 
I  might  Ije  mist;dcen — nay  !  /  must  be.  I  had 
just  aiiived  at  this  last  conclusion,  when  a 
tiny  piece  of  the  bark  was  suddenly  raised, 
and  out  flew  the  little  gentleman  I  had  seen 
disappeai*,  or  one  too  like  him  not  to  belonc 
to  the  same  Ihmily.  The  mystery  was  solved! 
Some  ingenious  bee-architect  had  devised  an 
entrance-gate,  titting  so  admirably  as  to  defy 
discovery  when  shut ;  while  I  was  certain 
that  I  could  lay  my  finger  almost  on  the  pre- 
cise 8i>ot,  the  closest  inspection  failed  to  reveal 
anv  trace  of  its  outline.  The  bark,  though 
polished  and  even,  was  covered  with  faint  iu- 
tcrlajced  streaks, &om  which  even  the  smoothest 
bark  is  never  &ee ;  and  the  skilful  car- 
penter had  adapted  the  irr^nlar  tracings  ol 
natm-e  to  his  object  of  conceshnent.  Wishing 
to  inspect  the  workman.'ihip  without  injuring 
its  delicacy,  I  had  to  wait  patiently  until  it 
should  again  fly  open ;  nor  was  I  kept  long 
in  expectation,  for  it  presently  popped  uj*  to 
fierrait  the  egress  of  another  of  the  maternity, 
ami  rt  i-eady  t\*'ig  prevented  its  descending. 
I  found  it  design etily  crooked  and  jagged  at 
the  tnlges,  with  an  average  width  of  about  a 
quarter  of  an  inch,  and  twice  that  in  length  : 
its  substance  was  Little  more  than  the  outer 
skin  of  the  bark,  and,  being  still  connected 
at  one  end,  opened  and  closed  as  with  a 
spring.  The  cunnini:  workraan  had  no 
doubt  been  aware  that  luwl  he  made  it 
much  shorter — which  the  size  of  the  pas- 
sengers would  have  pennitted  —  it  woiUd 
have  required  to  l^e  thrown  farther  back, 
when  the  greater  tension  would  soon  havu 
destroyc<l  the  elasticity  of  the  hinge,  and, 
with  that,  its  |»ower  of  fitting  close  to  tlie 
tree.  Immediately  within  tho  doorway  was  a 
small  ante-chamber,  forming  a  sort  of  porter's 
lodge  to  the  little  surly  grey-liveried  gentle- 


HOUSEHOLD  WORD& 


roAn  loaifle,  who,  witltoot  qn)*<'>"r'  IW^  retreat, 
uliowoJ  hU  iliHph/wiuro  at  i  ti   in  a 

tuaniuT  t«»u  poiuUHl  tfj  h»^  in.  .ifl  cm- 

taiiily  i)!utiik<Mlliig  uoilUor  trcptiUiiiun  uor 
jJiU'in  III  ilio  aight  of  aiie  of  the  '^lortU  of  the 
CTctttiou/'  f.ljotigh  nrobiibly  Uio  first  oiVered  to 
liiii  ItiwiicoM'^ti,     l+nnii  tliH  entr/iJit'iv-linU,  two 


1  htul    jUr 


Lrnittiuioe  m  « lUAiiticr 
1  lor* 

the  cntnuicc,  and 


in  hm  (€i«t.  he  row  n^n  iiito 


;i4  u  wide 
the  oth 

'    t|,,   ' 


ud  the 

•s  lime, 

\\  iiich  waa 

fow  inches 


Theofli 

WM    O*!'.  ■!■- 

koopoff  txud   i 
liko  suiy  oil 

prying  ©vod,  till  ho  was  pfv>j»aiYMl   ti>  atleuit 


them/  I^uui 
iii\d  a!i  wvi> 
dciCJihcd,  e.1 
Lu  R  dilTenM. 
same  timo  i 
tiibsion  ^— tit 

8ftVt»  ;h    ill'"  t' 


tUV: 


omviug, 
»    I    hiive 

in:kilijr, 

Hi?  the 

I'M-  •^  1- 


•  fir  not 
bucaking 
«h  Id  the 
of  the 

of   th« 


truiik  ^iiid  ii. 
Imrk^.  wero  i' 

«UI19   colon  I 

tiaD  of  OIK- 
fonaa  aukI  piyiinl 

WAIpd,     h.UA.^Vrl-     ' 

«bout,  n; 

ih«  !i»l>iu  of  ihoir  tnhv^  tbvj  \^ 
worlnie  to    obt&in  jua  oatnuioe^ 
pmittisuigljr  liOT«re<l  over  t]b«  U 
wer»  di«inp*iiuring  in  th«  dooi^w 
MtM    ffvcr    •OMMtotL    I    cx 
iIm^  htA  difiwd  ana  ««n 
«tlMr  plan  of  istttidMiiv  tl^ 
nrogmj.  Furdifr  obaartativ 

Attiiflh  tMr  mpi  lo  til*  «miU : 
vilK  whioli  Mdb  bo*  WM  bd. 
■nccoddi,  in  i)^«  of  thfi  AdnuT^hlj-  deTued 
tadki  to  prvTVMt  th«m« 
Hi*  dittka  ol  th«  JMUtor  vrere  gndiyJ^ 
aU  tK*  beit  hud  reiwrDed  are  »  ftv 
And   eviea  thtM  irert   beowMug 
I  Uie  Um  nutuig  rm  uf  tb«  ■»— ft 
i^gwd  fer  the  tWiii^  hirte  to  im  fton 


their  liirkiuj^-places — WTLnu'.l    im 
few  minutoa  1  should  htiv 
tjenettiiling  thnjugli  th«t^  t)>u 
I  wivi  in  51  clime  whero  the  stun 
onee,  and  till  is  uight." 

I  vfm  nhout   to   rotmci- 
the  tneasurcd  stroke  of  \> 
oar^   K!id     pieHinitly    the 
with  a  bravo  \toXch  of  nr 


nM  1  hiul  dubbed  oiir  uaual  bivonaman.  7'he 
Aamo  ketin  eye  th^t  kept  the  fhiil  burk 
clear  of  besetting  obstiidea,  miickly  detrcWi 
me— though  it  was  (dmo^t  uJirk — niTvU'hMi 
in  the  tree  above  him.  ''■ 
gresB  of  the  "  wowl-stiu  ^'  ' 
otf  my  boota,  and  cautioui»K  Hn%.iva  m  .rii 
down* 

I  wouIdn*t  ad^se  any  ot^-^  <^  ■    *■  >i  «   ••'••• 
boi>ted  h'-el  ill   a    fliiasy 
wh^u — iateaded  for  two  aii 
r  vir^t  ifl  skinuning  tilmiu  ^^th  u< 
iu  inch  or  ao  from  the  tagc.     A    i 
Olio  sido,  and  over  you  go— 
in  &h:d)<tw  water  ou    a   t 
thing  but  tliat  with  twenty  fuct  uf  t ' 
I  boti*\'illi,  Aud  you  not  ;tbte  to  fiwim 
wcoU.s'  piviotictit  had  euablfrd    me  to   [»-^;;uini 
mvsolf  without  endaugering  others;    sq  wq 

,  soon  reatly  f«>r  the  pot,  vrcire  b 

,  a     :.  -.-.:aite«     boillnr     aw-tiv     ojunnr     tine 

"cn^'tfuvep"  and  pej; 
BiiliWJ-s  that  night ;  :r. 
mi»ck,    taking    Uie    ;i 
before  rt^aigning  n^y  « 
of  monkey's,  the 
the  TArioaa  crie^ 
*  Irdy  hlendiog  wiiii 
e  jagnar  in   hiB    lu 
-'■^tig  of  thebreez. 
r«iur  of  the  di 

'.M    ^      Ttl.itlnV 


away    ii 

r  epj   with 

^  pa&t  mv  fiKe*    M.f 

r  ri-meoiW^  ftofir  tf^raiilin^ 

rton    (h»  mlgbt    huTie 

:he  nsiie  bnAck),  sod 

r  iW,  tbv  bees  and 

:jidb|^  into 

tions  c>: 
kiadlv 

We  w%re  im  and  avmr  dow  tbe  sfau^&ar 
at  dajtattk  ika  next  B0r«laE :  aad  I 
na  otiler  omprntudty  of 
■ay  of  tbe  iKpaa  «h1  t^or  < 


b 


THE  QUEE.VS  TOBACCO-PEPR 


3sa 


ia  my  nunWes,  diil  I  ever  ehatice  to  meet 
vnth  another  ianiily  of  the  aame  species^  or 
witli  kiudred  habiU. 


TKE  QUEEN'S   TOBACCO-PIPE. 

Wb  hnvt*  seen  T^i»^« -'  "f"  all  sorts  and  sizes  in 
oar  tiuie.      In  *  where    tlie    finest 

cmister  b  but    r  •■ace  a  poniKi,   and 

exodllent  leaf-tobaoco  only  five-pence,  we  hAve 
seen  pipes  tliat  resembled  actunl  fiirnac«B 
oompftrc<l  with  the  general  race  of  pipt"^,  aiid 
huv#  known  a  man  smoke  out  half  a  pomid 
of  cnnster  and  drink  a  gallon  of  beer  at  a 
ailting.  But  tiiia  is  perfectly  pi^iiiy  work 
Trlit?u  coTii]  '  th  the  r«>yal  pipe  nnd 
con«umi>tiv  power    of   Viftorin   of 

Kv-'-^"'  1..'-  H"--'«*'3  pip®  i*»  bevniwl  nil 
I  — fiir  we  hare  seen  it — eq v 

oL  sand  pipes  that  can  be  • 

fi'om  the  piptiJ  stores  of  this  amokinj,''  wurld. 
She  UnjB  not  only  an  att^mUnt  to  prir^iTit   :t 
wlieiiever  she  may  call  for  it,  but  Ir 
are  to  have  it  rIwrvm  in   tb*»  moHt  n 
amokiijgKtjite — :*' 
tothennaiitlty  o; 

n<  ■'''  V,  her  pijif  ih  CHjiisiAimji  ht'|K 
^  V  aii*l  night  without  a  moment's 

ihi.  .  im.-^  iMi),  and  thert?  are*  besides  the  ^rand 
pipfc-maater,  a  nnmber  of  attendiints  inet's- 
satitly  employe<l  iu  seeking  the  most  suititble 
t<*b}xcco,  and  bringing  it  U>  the  g^mnd-m^jster. 
Tlicre  ia  no  fipecie*  of  tobacco  wliich  the 
Qneen  hjus  not  in  her  store- room.  Shag,  pig- 
tjiil,  Cavtiudiah,  ^tanilb,  Havanna,  cigars, 
cheroots,  nej^head  every  poasiblt^  specita  of 
mccttian^  she  gives  atrial  to,  by  way  of  ^^ariety. 
A  eiogle  cigar  she  holdj»  in  as  nnieh  contempt 
as  a  l&n  woxild  a  fly  by  way  of  mouthful.  We 
have  seen  her  graiid-majBter  drop  whole  hund- 
fuls  of  Uavannna  at  once  into  ner  pipe,  ami 
sSicr  them  jis  many  Cnbiiua. 

Il  m^y  abate  the  wonder  of  the  reader  at 
this  atupeudous  smoking  power  of  the  Queen, 
if  we  admit,  as  must,  indeed,  have  become 
anpoi'ent  in  the  coarae  of  our  remarks,  that 
tfic  Queen  performs  her  smoking,  as  she  do^ 
many  of  her  other  royal  acta,  by  the  hamis  of 
her  aervanta.  In  ti-utli,  to  spe^ik  candidly, 
the  Queen  never  smokes  at  all,  except  through 
her  servants.  And  this  will  appear  very 
likclv,  when  we  describe  the  actual  size  of  her 
royal  pipe.  It  is,  indeed,  of  most  imperial 
dimensions.  Tlie  head  alone  is  so  large,  that 
while  ita  hetl  rests  on  the  floor  of  her  cellar, 
il8  ton  reaches  out  of  the  root  We  speak  a 
litenil  ttict»  aa  any  one  who  procurea  an  order 
for  the  puiposo  may  convince  himself  by' 
actual  inspection.  We  are  sure  that  theqoantitj'^ 
of  tolfflLCCo  which  is  required  to  supply  it  must 
amount  to  some  tons  in  the  year.  Nay,  so 
eonsidenible  is  it,  that  ships  ars  employed 
neeiaUy  to  brin^  over  this  tobacco,  ami  these 
iiii|J9  have  a  dock  of  one  acre  in  extent  at  the 
port  of  London  entirely  for  their  exclusive 
receptioa.  In  a  wor<l,  the  Queen's  Tobacco- 
pipe,  its  dimensions,  its  attendance,  its  supply 


re  without  any 

'U. 

th«i 

we   have 
liow  about 
It. 
iteii,i8afuroaoe 


and  consul  I 
parallel  in 

If  we  havii'  1 
of  our  reiule-r:- 
wonder  by  some  i...  w^^  i 
in^    thiis    oiLmoniitmry' 
raised  an^  iucre*litl;i  v   \\ : 
to  a»ld  will  at  oi 

The  Queen's  i 
built  in  the  very  e^atie  oi"  the  jjreat  Tobacco 
Waiehoaae  at  the  London  Docka,     Tlii??  fur- 
nace ia  kept  for  the  puipose  of  consuming  all 
the  darnageil  tobacco  which  comes  into  port. 
As  the  warehouRe  iii  tin.*'         '    "' 
the  furnace  is  re.Tlly  terui 
and  all  that  we  have  re' 
ti*ue,  luid  is,  iu  iUclf  an<l ; 

connect**!  with  it,  one  of  t„ ,   . - 

thiny^  iu  thiy  country. 

If  any  one  would  form  an}i;hing  like  an 
a<lequate  conception  of  the  wondei's  of  Loudon, 
and  of  the  power  and  wealth  of  this  country, 
lie  sltould  pay  a  visit  to  the  Lond«jn  Dik:1«. 
haNing"    traversed     the    pxtent,    and 

\\   :~:'^^'   :.''■'         ,.•',■■    ,,;,,  the 

.  an*! 


After 


i''U(m:.->.>  V;ir 


capitjd  of  the  . 

theDock:^.  <''^'  ,....;.  .  I  .^...... ....- 

ment     Fi  r  he  Tower  all  the  wsy  to 

BlackwalL  c  of  four  luileji*  he  will 

find  it  a  whole  world  of  Docks.  The  m^iss  of 
shipping,  the  extent  of  vast  warehouftes,  many 
of  tliem  five  and  seven  stories  hish,  all  crowded 
with  ponderous  heapw  of  menrdumdise  from 
every  region  of  the  globe,  lia%'e  nondiu;  Uke  it 
besides  m  the  world,  and  nevt-r  have  had. 
The  enormous  wealth  here  colic^'ted  is  per- 
fectly overwhetmbig  to  the  im*iifuiriti.tn. 

If  the  spectator  ni'st  enter  St.  K^  *'•  ■••"'■^■ 
Bocks,  he  finds  them  occup)'ing  tv 

acres,  with  wnter  capable  of  ncconu ..^ 

one    '  lid   twenty  ships,   and   war«- 

hou:s(  n^  one  hundi*ed  and  ton  thou- 

sand tond  ul"  ^^(xxia  ;  the  capital  of  the  company 
alone  exceetllng  two  miliions  of  pounds.  Pro- 
ceetling  to  tlie  London  Docks,  properly  so 
caUed,  there  he  will  find  an  extent  of  more 
than  one  hundred  acre^.      "    *  r   for 

live  huntlred  ships,  and  Ibi* 

two  hundred  and  thirty-fmu  i  f 

goods  ;  the  capitid  of  the  comj 
to  four  mUlions  of  pounds,     1...   .^  .... 

Docks  next  prejsent  thcraselvos,  being  tliree 
times  as  extensive  as  the  London  Bocks, 
having!;  an  area  of  no  less  than  two  hundred 
and  uinetj'-five  acres,  with  water  to  accommo- 
date four  hundred  vessels,  and  warehouse- 
room  for  one  himdred  and  eighty  thousand 
tons  of  merchandiae ;  the  capital  of  the  corn- 
pan}'  is  more  than  six  millions  of  pounds,  imd 
the  value  of  goods  which  have  ix'en  on  the 
premises  at  one  time  twenty  milUons.  La.«itly, 
the  East  Lidia  Docks  occupy  thirty-two  acreSj 
and  affonl  warehouse-room  for  fiifteen  thou- 
B&ad  tons  of  goods. 

The  whole  of  these  Books  occupying  four 


^         $M 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


^nihilrwit  and  flHy  nrnw,  nffcHTr-  ■"-  ^"'iindii' 
ihili  fin  ((ntt  IIioumoihI  Iwm  hull  niA 

iMf  IWm  liuiMlivtl  ujiii   LhlHy  Hi    -  .^^       -uMof 

\\\\{  ih«'«n  M'o  ooly  the  Dockn  on  the  K-ft 
liiuik  of  iIh»  rivMi't  "li  thr»  olhcr  «idf,  l)wk« 
okimul   fhMU    H*)tht'i*hillu^  U»  Ik'ntfonl;  tljn 


Siiliiii  Mlirliik 
Htit  t.i  all  (I 


I 


I       I  hit      |llA.<tM      of 

llii^iu.    i  viM\,  Tyrv  mu\ 

Mr     |i|'-,  !••<,  our  priv 

-' «'«  '^H i..,i    ,,  ,. !  .  tit\  s  '  Hit'  lj<»iiilon 

V  Nit  rrtllfd,  am  Ihuujj  cunnwtotl 

,iion*  of  lhi»  QiiiH^'u'n  11|h<  ;  tUn 

I  ltd  «U'«*li«nhlo  |^nK^d)»of  thcju>  IXwkti 

s.hmI,     III  thi«i^  V»oi^k«  aiv  ♦vijH'ciidly 

>\,*u  l».*Hi«Hi   wlin>,   wool,    Hi*ic«^   ti?A»    ivory. 

diu^'«,  lo)mc»M\  MUjfnifM,  dyo-«tutr*,    imixn-ted 

tiif'lAl«,  «4kd   miiuliy  otWr  urtiiU'^x      Excvpt 

th<»  (i^iyi  *iid  ^piiH'H,  yoM  m,iy  )n\H*urc  inawHN 

•    "'    +'  'u'loA,a.i  thrv  lif  iu  llieir 


in  fnct,  tht»  jrr**at  dc{)6i  of  the  wir ^^  -*'  ♦*!< 
[/oiidoii  mcrchniitis,  no  ]em  than  i 

wind  pipca  Iwing  capable  of  being  si 
ill  tli«*  vaults  here.  One  vault  alone,  ui 
foimyrly  was*  seven  acreti,  has  now  be*  i'. 
tondi'd  uiidrr  Cfravel-lane,  m  tliat  at  ] 
it  rontninB  njtwanla  of  twelve  jw^res  J  • 
viiulUi  an?  laiutly  lit  with  lampn.  bnt  on  going 
in,  you  are  at  the  ej  it  ranee  accosted  with  tho 
ninguiar  tkniand^ — "  Do  you  want  a  cooper  ?  *' 
Many  ]>t»ople,  not  knowin^y  it*  mt*amiig,  eay 
**  No,  by  no  means  I "  The  meaning:  of  the 
phnwc  is,  "  do  you  want  to  ta^Hti*  tht'  wincni  I  " 
«  hen  a  cooper  accompanies  you  to  pl<^rci7  the 
oa»k«,  anil  jjive  you  the  wine.  Parties  are 
(♦very  day,  and  ull  day  louff^  making  Dirs**  er- 
phiratory  and  taatlng  eipoditions.  Every  one 
on  cnli'riug  Is  nrwjented  with  a  lamp  at  tbe 
en<i  of  a  lath,  alx>ut  two  feet  long,  and  you 
ioon  find  yourselves  in  some  of  the  most  re- 
markabli*  cavinsj  in  tlie  worid.  8n.  " 
whicli  you  jxTceive  are  of  great 

'* i;......  ..-;.,j,  ^jf  lamns  in  the  IWt  .*»««»...<> 

you,  and  are  croaaed  h 7  n^hem 

her  that  none  bat  tljeee'vall  M- 

tbe  geognipliT  of  tboe  mi^AW- 

^4  could  poettUv  fiiHl  ibtsr  w%)r 

It  ih«m.      FVoiii  tke  danc  i^miiUtd   roof 

bf^ad,  fspedaUy   in   ofie    tbaII^   ^^*mF 

s  black  M  flight  light  ■»  giMft- 

yanl  or  mare  la  len^li^  iimm^ 

-t^  or  old  tkawfm  ^p^eA  in 

4  to  tkkittaftcc  growiL 


k 


^■^  l^»  ^^^^"^^  "*  *^y  ^Mfc*  a^^w^  visn     9^  ^ot  BIW 


Ckwtet  Dtehsn] 


THE  QXTEEN'S  TOBACCO-PIPE. 


367 


v&ult  yau  ocune  to  a  circular  bnilding  without 
any  eutmnce.  It  m  the  ro<>t  aod  foundation 
of  the  Queen's  Pipe.  Quitting  the  vault,  and 
iificeuditig;  into  the  warehouse  over  it,  you 
find  that  you  ai-e  in  the  Gi*eat  Tobacco 
Wmrehouse,  called  the  Queens  WarehouBe, 
liecaiise  the  Government  rent  the  Tobtieeu 
IV^arehoueea  here  for  fourteen  thoiiisand  pounds 
per  annum.  This  one  warehouse  has  no  equal 
in  any  other  part  of  the  world.  It  is  five  acres 
in  extent,  and  yet  it  is  coveitid  with  a  motj 
the  framework  of  which  is  of  iron,  erected,  we 
believe,  by  Mr.  Bany^  the  architect  of  tlie  New 
Housed  of  Parliament,  aiid  of  ao  light  and 
ekiliui  a  construction,  that  it  admits  uf  a  view 
of  the  whole  place  ;  and  so  sleuder  are  the 
pillars^  that  the  roof  seems  almost  to  hang 
up«:ju  nothing".  Under  this  roof  is  piled  a  vast 
mass  of  tobacco  ia  huge  caakB,  in  double 
tiers;  that  is,  two  caelu  in  heikdit.  This 
chouse  is  said  to  hold,  when  full,  twenty- 
mr  thousand  hccaheads,  averaging  one  thou- 
sand two  huudreil  poundB  each,  and  equal  to 
tliirty  thousand  tons  of  general  merchandisfe. 
Each'  cask  is  said  to  be  worth,  duty  included, 
two  hundred  pounds;  giving  a  sum  total  of 
tobacco  in  this  one  wareliouae,  when  filled^ 
of  foui<  millions  eight  hundred  thousand 
pounds  in  value  !  Besides  this,  there  is 
another  w/u"ehouae  of  nearly  equal  size, 
where  finer  kinds  of  tobacco  are  de|>o- 
8ite<l,  many  of  them  in  packages  of  buffalo- 
liide,  marked  "  Giron,'*  and  Manilla  for 
chorooia,  in  packages  of  sacking  lined  with 
oalmetto  leaves.  There  ia  Btill  another  ware- 
iiouse  for  cigars,  called  the  Cigar  Floor,  in 
which  there  are  frequently  one  thousand  five 
hundi'ed  chests,  valued  at  one  hundred  pounds 
each,  ai  an  avenige,  or  one  hundred  and  fifiy 
thousand  |K)undii  in  ctg;u^  aloue. 

The  scene  in  the  Queen's  Warehouse,  to 
which  wo  return,  is  verv  Fiugular.  Long 
streets  sti-etcU  right  and  left  l>etween  the 
walla  of  tobacco-caiikB  ;  and  when  the  men  are 
alteent  at  one  of  their  meals,  you  find  yourself 
ia  on  otld  sort  of  solitude,  and  in  nn  atmo- 
sphere of  tobacco.  Every  one  of  these  giant 
hogaheoda  is  stripped  twice  irom  the  tobacco 
during  its  stiny  m  tlda  warehouae  ;  once  on 
entrance,  to  weigh  it,  and  again  before  leavinpr, 
to  ascertain  whether  the  xua&a  is  uniujurod  ; 
and  to  weigh  what  is  found  good  for  the  duty, 
and  for  the  sale  price  to  the  merchant.  Thus 
the  coopers  take  all  these  hogsheada  twice  to 
piecea,  and  put  them  together  again.  This 
tobacco  ia  of  the  strong  coarse  kind,  for  pig- 
tail, sliag,  snuff,  &c.  The  finer  kinda,  as  we 
have  aaid,  go  to  the  other  wareliouae. 

But  your  eye  ia  now  attracted  by  a  guide- 
post,  on  which  ia  painted,  in  laige  letteni, 
"Tu  TWE  K±LN,"  Following  thia  direction, 
you  arrive  at  the  centre  of  the  warehouae,  and 
at  the  Queen^s  Pipe.  You  enter  a  door  on 
which  ia  nulely  pauited  the  crown  royal  and 
the  initials  **V,  R,"  and  find  yourself  in  a 
room  of  considei'able  size,  in  the  centre  of  i 
which  towen  up  the  kiln  ;  a  furnace  of  the  I 


conical  kind,  like  a  glasshouse  or  ftorcelain 
furnace.  On  the  door  of  the  furnace  ia  .igain 
(minted  the  rrown  and  the  **  V»  R/*  Here 
you  find,  in  the  furnace,  a  huge  nutas  of  fire, 
and  aiYjund  are  heaps  of  damaged  tol>acco,  tea, 
and  other  articles  ready  to  be  (lung  upon  it, 
as  it  admita  of  it.  This  fire  never  >joea  out, 
day  or  night,  from  year  to  year.  Then'  is  an 
attendant  who  supplies  it  with  it^  fuel,  as  it 
can  take  it ;  and  raeti,  during  the  <lay  time, 
conatantly  coming  la<leu  with  gieat  loads  of 
tobacco,  cigars,  and  other  stuff,  condemned  to 
the  flamt's.  Whatever  is  forfeited,  and  ia  too 
liad  fctr  sale,  be  it  what  it  will,  is  doomed  to 
the  kiln.  At  the  other  Docks  d[ania^ed  goods, 
we  were  assured,  are  buried  till  they  are 
partly  rotten,  and  then  taken  up  and  diaipoaed 
of  aa  rubbish  or  manure.  Here  the  Queen*8 
Pipe  smokes  all  up,  except  the  greater  quan- 
tity of  the  tea,  which,  having  some  time  ago 
set  tlie  chimney  of  the  kiln  on  fire,  ia  now 
rarely  burnt.  And  strange  ai*e  the  tliinga 
that  sometimes  come  to  tliia  jierpetualTy 
burning  furujice.  On  one  occasion,  the  at^ 
tendaut  inlbnned  us,  he  burnt  nlue  huudie^l 
Australian  muttou-hams.  These  were  ware- 
housed before  the  duty  came  ofl"  The  owner 
suffered  them  to  remain  tUi  the  duty  ceased,  ii^ 
hopes  of  their  being  exempt  from  it ;  but 
thia  not  being  allowed,  they  were  left  till 
so  damaged  aa  to  be  unaaleable.  Vet  a  go  13d 
umnyy  the  nuui  dycliired,  were  excellent ; 
and  he  often  made  a  capital  addition  to  hia 
breakfast  from  the  roaat  that,  for  some  time, 
was  so  odoriferously  going  on.  On  ^mother 
oooaaion  he  burnt  thirteen  thousand  pairs  of 
condemnetl  French  glovea. 

In  one  department  of  the  phvce  often  lie 
many  tons  of  the  aahea  from  tlte  fiu^iace, 
which  are  sold  by  auction,  by  the  ton,  to 
gardeners  and  farmers,  aa  manure,  and  for 
killing  insects,  to  soap-boilers  and  chemical 
manutacturers.  In  a  comer  are  generally 
piled  (^rt'toada  of  naila,  and  other  nieces  of 
iron,  which  have  been  swept  up  from  tne  floors, 
or  have  remained  in  the  broken  piecea  of 
casks  and  boxes  which  go  to  the  kiln.  Those 
which  have  been  siftea  from  the  ashes  ai"e 
eagerly  bought  up  by  gunaniithB,  sorted,  and 
used  in  the  manufacture  of  jgun-barrela,  foi* 
which  they  are  highly  esteemed,  as  posaeasing 
a  toughness  Ijeyond  all  other  iron,  and  there- 
fore calculateil  pre-eminently  to  prevent 
bursting.  Gold  and  silver,  too,  are  not  unfre- 
queutly  found  amougat  these  aahea ;  for  many 
manufactured  arddea,  if  unsaleable,  are 
broken  up,  and  thrown  in.  There  have 
sometimea,  indeed^  been  vast  numbens  of 
foreign  watches,  profeaaing  themaelvea  to  be 
gold  watchea,  but  beuig  gross  imjjostoi's, 
which  have  been  grouna  up  in  a  mill,  and 
then  flung  in  here. 

Such  ia  the  Queen's  Tobacco-Pi pe,  unique 
of  its  kind,  and  iu  Ha  capacity  of  cousumi»tion. 
None  of  the  other  Docks  liave  anything  like 
it.  It  stands  alone.  It  is  the  Pii>e — and  aa 
we    have    said,    establiahea    the    Queen    of 


» 


■it  of  all  Hiiiokera — ih 
i  I  I  iirk,  or  tho  Emperor  <» 
■it  ioboccotiist  of  Europe, 


lUTS  OF  LIFE  IN  MTTNICH- 


nil 
th 

II  I 

Ikcc! 

MrenJ  vn . 

nimtty  /    Aii  i 
a  lUy  fmtmd 


II  ijow  know  the  great 

I  cl'ii't  bi  lie^if  n  word 

!  There  in  a 

1 11*1  V  piftcoa, 

ii,  wlio  draws  out 

!  knife,  or  knives, 

■  ■':*  yuu  ill  the 

I*   xrouiuled 

lie,  in  living, 

l  to  destroy 

hcmil    of   A    frcsn 


IiUMJiVi*!*     1 

cmnd   to 

T) 

C' 

h 


:  ul. 

■  ■\h\  but 
i3  libimt 


i  am  v«i7«KPefu. 
J  u«nt«d  atTMte^  and  Hint  U»o 
W I  will  not  rvs  the  riak  of 

.  hehrTv  it  «v«7  myrd. 


^wtetor' 


nhiw  tanrffie  m 

iir ;  I  o^T  h 


'J  .  LliUis  tJii 

x\.-  ^  iinist  robl 

keijp  theuLj  ;  tbtre  are  twi 

I  have  noticed  nothing  Vt 

theui.     Here  this  mo«ie  of  trniTiinu  aoga  i»  not 

at  rdl  nnuaual,  although  the  tnuM  I  ghoiild 

iliink  not  particukrlj  agreeable. 

Hearing  of  the  neoettltj  for  such  Iflrrihltf 
dogs,  }oa  would  imftgine,  mp&cMJty  after 
iiccount  of  the  ^' liiee-cuttii^«4iiiui  with 
iron-clasp,**    thjit    Munich   wis    a  difi 
.1CC,  and  thAt  its  inhabitaoti  are  boMt 
ait^en  <lire.    Bat  that  is  anythti^  but  the 
tritlii,  8f)«Aklng  from  our  expenmiiee.     F<iT 
mr  part,  I  thiuk  that  all  these  sn^MUons  oiF 
horror  ovlj  belofng  to  the  ttppttmA  << 
winter  eveDin^  imid  are  tm  moth  m 
Mie  aeaaoB  as  the  number  of  alraii^ 
Lrmeots  that  yon  meet  in  the  atreetiL    I 
lih  jtra  oould'have  aeen  the  pair  of  kn^ 
roteeque,  crimsan  leathv  boots  whlidi  iro 
let    to-dbj!— this    ftyle  oT   bocili^   thtmgk 
nenllT  niade  of  Twitamiidl  leather,  la  aoeh 
tnKtedV^Msatodesti,  Iwi4i,toov;m«oi»ld 
have  e(«ti  th^talU  shaddrirrffvre^  a  rtadecrL 
arrayed  in  a  lon^  gptj  ooaE,  with  a  pabitaa 
hood  etandiiig  up  in  wicaid  or  *  MotKer^Btid- 
Qip^  a^l^  on  hk  head!     It  wm  a  nia^ 

«  ait  the  ahn^  ^""^  ^  ^ 

Attd  ii  w«a  aD  the 

rather  had  jnit 

t«d,g«thkpak(ea  of  She  liadv^^bldl  in 

toxfcnr   ttv  a 
1;JM^f»dci<0Br 

a^nllslinr. 


of  the 


CbvU>  DlekSk^O 


A  METAPHYSICAL  MYSTERY: 


35!> 


winiet'Hlressea  of  the  laiiiee.  Of  coai%»e,  among 
the  utilxnaneted  class,  jon  notice,  with  the 
(lamp,  cold  weather,  a  great  increase  of  white 
buildup  heafls,  telling  of  twthach  ! 

I  luutit  not,  how(?ver,  foi^t  (:  nt  of 

boords  anil  platiks  now  worn  b;  un- 

f:r-  ■  -  ■••■■M  "  ■  '';^'  'he  atfttue  «j1'  m...-  ^^njih  at 
t\  inj^Iiah  garden,  whOj  with 

o,;  ..  -^-  -  .  ...;..,  livfteci  us  so  pleasantly  all 
fliimmcr  nud  rmtiimn  to  warder  nwny  among 
Uie  tre<?«.  All  iiiiw  ai'e  Warded  up  in  huge 
wooilen  cases,  and  thus  thej  will  trmam  iintil 
the  spring, 

A5  y*?t  the  we»ther  is  not  very  cold,  iilthough 
there  hiis  been  snow  f«>r  some  weeka.  About 
Cliii)*lmfl»,  I  suppose,  the  bitter  winter  froata 
will  coiiimence.  One  little  thing  peculiar  to 
the  winter  here  I  greatly  a^lmire :  you  see 
Kini:  rolls  of  green  moss  laid  inside  almost  all 
the  windows,  to  keep  out  t!ie  draught*  of  cold 
air.  The  moss  looks  pretty  and  fi-esh ;  and 
you  see  peasants  biinging  in  loads  of  these 
luc^as-wreatha  every  day  into  the  city,  I 
need  not  aay  that  the  shops  are  very  gay  with 
Christmas  presents,  and  that  everybody  ia 
jwrex^aring  for  Chriatmaa  trees. 

So  mucli  for  the  December  features  of  this 
cheerful  little  city. 


A  iMITAPHYSICAL  ^vrTSTERY. 


1  HAD  a  stnmge  adventure  once.  Let  me 
premise  that  I  am  aomewhat  seuaitive  (or, 
as  my  friends  call  it,  "  fidgetty ")  and  some- 
what) also,  speculative  (wliiai  the  same  gentle- 
men r^U. "  dreamy"). 

It  ^Tia  Bummer-time.  I  bad  been  walking 
in  the  Ee^nt*3  Park,  and  hod  been  t^ing 
an  ei^ouomical  view  of  that  small  section  of  the 
ssoological  specimens  which  can  be  »een  with- 
out futering  the  gardens.  They  were  rtx<m- 
Jng  about,  and  showing  themaeives,  without 
an^  reference  to  the  interests  of  the  pro- 
prxetora.  Presently,  I  sat,  or  rather  lay  down, 
towanis  four  o'clock,  on  a  beiidi,  and  began 
reeling  a  volume  which  I  carried  with  me. 
It  wa«  a  volume  of  Spinosa — that  famous 

iJosopher,  whose  favourite  amusement  (iw 
is  bi');2Tapher  Colerus  tells  na)  was  to  watch 
spiders  in  their  web— and  who  certainly 
seama  to  have  had,  in  dmtig  so,  a  prophetic 
€70  to  the  perplexities  of  ma  stuaeuts.  I 
took  a  turn  at  the  Ethics^  and  was  musing 
on  tlie  difference  between  **  substance '*  and 
**  attributes,"  when  (the  day  being  warm)  I 
lell  asleep. 

I  nuwt  have  becai  asleep  some  time,  when  I 
fell  myself  roused  by  a  touch  on  the  shoulder. 
My  book  hail  tumbled  on  the  gns» ;  the  air 
was  a  little  chilly :  an  elderly  gentleman  of 
very  respectable  apjiearance  was  Ijcaide  me. 
He  bowfd  civilly,  picked  up  my  book  for  me, 
and  said,  "  lliey  're  going  to  shut  up,  Sir," 

**^Oh,-.indeed!"  I  replied.  "I'm  much 
obliged  to  you." 

I  jumped  up,  and  we  moved  toward^ 
Gloucester  Qate. 


•*So^  vou  are  fond  of  that  philosopher, 
Mr.^ > 

*"  My  name  is  Herbert,"  I  said. 

**  Ml".  HtM'bert.  I  have  always  consider <-d 
with  reference  '* 

And  hert^  the  elderly  gentleman  went  oft 
into  a  dip"  ■  ••■  "  -^n  the  subject.  *  -  -•  .. 
tif.m  fvoiti  '  author  is  alw 

a  kind  of  i.i:^.  '■:.:  ,..lr,nh^r^\,.t^,  Wt.  ^-^  ...^y 
friendly.     AJter  a  '  .  aa   we  were 

drawing  near  Acocin  having  stopjied 

— ^purchased  an  apple  at  a  stall — cut  t»a  an 
end  of  it — ^and  put  it  in  his  pocket)  he  sud- 
denly said,  '*  Come  and  dine  with  us  on 
Tuesday,  at  40,  Befiver  Stredl,  Beaver  Square, 
— six  o  clock." 

"  You  're  very  good,**  I  said ; "  certainly " 

I  was  going  to  have  said  something  ^irther, 
when  he  suddenly  shook  hands — cri^  "  Six — 
remember  I " — turned  a  corner,  and  was  otf. 

"  Well,"  I  soliloquised,  *' &  clever  old  man 
— awfully  courteous!  Yes,  I  certainly  -will 
dine  on  Tuesday  with  51i-. ^" 

Whew  !  Here  was  a  eurprisc  I  did  not 
know  my  entertainer's  name  ! 
confoundedly  '*  speculative  "  tt 
never  thought  of  aaking  thaL  1  wrjit  .iT 
next  day,  and  consulted  a  directory.  "  Beaver 
Street,  40,"  was  there  found  as  a  hjcal  habita- 
tion belonLdns?    to  the  nan.e   of  "  HoggleV 


*'Ah,"  I  thought,  **  odd  name,  but  Tcry  lucky  I 
found  it  oat. 

Tueiday  came.  I  dressed  and  readied 
Beaver  Street  in  due  time.  The  door  was 
opened  by  a  Uvery  servant, 

**  Mr.  toggles  m  1  '*  I  said  enquiringly. 

"  Yes,  Sir.  The  man  looked  surprised,  then 
moved  along  the  passage  and  ctdlea  out 
loudly  **  Mr.  iloggles  1  you  *re  wanted.^* 

My  heart  mi^  withm  me  as  a  thick-set 
individual,  in  a  paper  cap,  t^me  up  atsiira  from 
b«low  and  presented  himaelfi  saying,  "  I  'm 
landlord  of  this  house,  Sir — do  yon  want  mel" 

Clearly,  then,  my  friend  was  a  lodger :  bvit 
what  wiis  his  name  ?    I  paused* 

*«  Ifl  Mr. » 

I  was  in  hopes  the  confounded  servaut 
would  anticipate  the  name,  and  all  would  be 
right.    But  no  ;  he  waited  silently. 

Luckily,  at  that  moment,  the  real  old  gentle- 
man showed  himself  on  the  ataii's,  and  said, 
"  Come  up,  Mr,  Herbert ;  you  're  in  very  good 
time.'* 

I  would  have  given  the  world  just  to  aay, 
**  Who  the  deuce  are  you  ?  "  But  be  march&a 
me  up  into  a  very  fine  room  on  the  lir«t  floor, 
where  the  cloth  was  laid  for  dinner,  and  with 
a  aimple  "  My  daughter,  Mr.  Herbert,"  intro- 
dueea  me  to  a  young  lady  there.  I  felt  very 
like  LinnsBus  just  discovering  a  new  and  un- 
named flower  when  I  bowed  to  that  damsel, 
and  reflected  on  my  utter  ignorance  of  her 
titles.  There  was  a  sort  of  melancholy  about 
her  look  that,  somehow,  tweptMiaesBed  me,  and 
she  looked  somewhat  mquisfitirely  at  me, 
which  I  confess  made  me  feel  rather  uneasy. 

The  old  gentleman  brought  a  book  from  a 


360 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


side  table  and  put  it  iiito  my  baud.  **  It  ia 
the  Jena  editiou,"  he  Attid  It  sLnick  me  thnt 
hia  uftiue  might  itf'm  the  tLtle-pagc.  I  glanctd 
at  it.  No  !  There  waa  "  From  the  author' 
there,  however — the  author  having  lieeii  drjul 
iiwvrly  two  hundred  yeara  1  I  thought  thia 
wa»  a  joke — the  offspring  of  that  «|ueor 
jocosity  which  ao  often  tielougs  to  enthudiaara. 
Acr< jnlingly  I  arail^d.  He  took  away  the  book 
tomewhat  abruptly,  and  put  it  down  ii^aiii. 

The  dinnei-  mtule  itjs  appearance.  "Ah," 
T  thought,  siA  I  surveyed  the  vianda,  '*  I  know 
yoiu*  niunesj  my  fiiends.  You  are  cod — ^you 
are  mutton.  CJould  I  oi\\y  know  thoae  of  my 
entt^rtaiiier  ! "'  I  fores;iw  that  I  should  pre- 
sently have  to  take  wine  with  one  of  them* 
Then,  again,  I  was  constantly  obliged  to  ke<.M> 
tny  eycfl  ujx)n  each  ;  for  if  I  wanted  to  call 
their  attention,  how  do  «o,  if  I  didn^t  know 
their  name  1 

Dinner  went  on,  I  happened  to  make 
some  obfiei-vatiou  to  the  daughter.  The  uld 
gentleman  looked  up~"  Eh  I " 

*'  I    beg    your    panloii,"  I    aaid,    "  I    wjw 

speaking  to  Miss  (that  terrible   pause 

again  !)  to  your  daughter/* 

I  glanced  at  the  end  of  a  fork,  in  a  knowing 
way,  soon  after  thin.  There  wua  a  cliauce 
of  an  initial  there^  at  fdl  events.  But  no  ; 
he  mugt  needs  have  a  crest  I  How  I  abomi- 
nated hift  barbarous  ancestral  pride  !  It  wan 
a  sUig.  Evei^body  carries  a  stag.  Had  it 
been  ii  pelican  with  young,  which  a  certain 
great  family  (with  the  saiuo  sucking  pro- 
pensities, no  doubt)  carries,  I  might  liave 
guessed  that  he  vrm  one.  As  ill-luck  would 
have  it,  he  oba<.<rved  my  ^huice  at  the  stag. 

"  It  is  a  pretty  creet,  is  it  not,  Mr.  Herbert  1" 

"  Ver}*,  aaid  I ;  and  then  I  thought  I  had 
hit  ou  something  very  ingenious.  So  1  went  on 
careleasly,  **  Do  all  your  name  beai"  the  same  I  '* 

"  Except  the  Devonshire  ones — for  they 
vary  the  name  a  little/'  answered  the  daughter. 
Doubtless  *be  took  it,  as  a  matter  of  counie, 
that  I  knew  their  name.  I  grew  morbid. 
What  rig!it  had  I  to  lie  eating  tliiB  old  gentle- 
man'a  dbmer,  when  I  waa  a  perfect  stianger 
to  him  7 

Lucky  Devonshire  jjeopie,  thouglit  T,  who 
know  whit  the  name  u  !     "  Ah,"  I  i'esumed, 

"  they  caLed  theuuselvoa "  (what  a  pause 

t/ioi  y^na  I) 

"  They  add  an  *  t,"  "  alie  aaid,  quietly, 

"  Add  an  * »/  "  I  thought.  Where,  and  how  ? 
WftB  the  name  Tomkins,  aii<l  had  the  Devon- 
shire  people  Italijiidiscd  the  patron}Tnic  into 
Tomkmai  ?  I  had  a  vague  idea  of  getting  up 
a  quarrel  with  the  old  gentleman,  and  com- 
pelling him  to  give  me  his  caid.  That  would 
onng  the  affair  to  a  crisis,  at  all  events ! 
Meanwhile,  dessert  was  put  on  the  table.  I 
saw  that  it  woidd  be  at  once  ill-bred  and  dull 
to  hai^p  upon  names  any  longer,  so  waa  pre- 
paring to  resign  rayaell"  to  fete,  when  the 
old  gentleman,  arousing  himiself  from  an 
abstracted  iniise,  said,  **  Pray,  Sir,  what  do 
you  tliink  of  the  doctrine  of  metempsychosis  ?'" 


( 


I  drew  myself  np  for  a  slic'' '    '  •  ^ 
wh«^n,  to  my  :»Ktonishmeut,  the  • 
<lenJv  rose,  and  said,  coaxinglv,  ..,  ..^  vcr 

niintl,  Pajia,  to-night,  Mr.  Herbert  k»ow» 
it  all" 

I  looked  at  her  with  calm  Burptrise,  SUo 
moved  r«mnd  towards  me,  and  wliifipcr^il, 
**  Well,  Sir,  if  you  don't  tliink  thero  i»  an/ 
danger  of  over-eicitement        " 

iMiere  waa  a  decided  protiabillty  of  my  over- 
rxeitcment  ending  in  my  temijornrj'  imjaiuty, 
I  Ciiuld  plabdy  see.  I  hohi  my  t^njgue  ;  and 
what  tliii  the  old  gentleman  tio,  but  coolly 

begin  a  metaphvsieal  harangui- — 11 "J  -nid 

upshot  of  whic"li  waa,  that  hi  n\- 

porary  embtMiimeut  of  the  luni)-  iLct 

of  Benedict  de  Spinoza ! 

"Tliat*a  your  name,  is  it,  Sir  I"  «»d  I, 
*'  I^m  (lebght«d  to  hear  it/'  Here  I  jumped 
u^,  **  Monsieur  tie  Spinoza,  pertnit  rac  l4 
wish  you  good  evening  ! " 

Thei*e  suddenly  occurred  to  m^  Dugald 
Stewart's  observation,  that  a  tendency  to 
inaanity  may  often  be  combined  with  high 
metaphysical  acumen — and  that  the  uuit^ 
phenomena  precisely  accounted  for  the  wholo 
proceedings  of  my  eccentric  frifud,  He  evi- 
dently considered  me,  however,  a  linn  bclicv«T 
in  his  theory  about  himself ;  while  hi* 
daughter  as  evidently  considered  me  a  proCee 
sional  gentleman,  who  liad  b<*en  sMit  hy  one  of 
the  fiunily  to  observe  hia  presenf  n. 

What  to  dot     I  heartily  w  <»ki 

man  at  hia  origiiial  Amsterdam.  Ji  s  L^mod 
likely  that  hi.-*  aberration  was  recent  and 
temi>*>rar)'.     Presently,  he  sank  into  a  tloz^, 

"Well,  doctor,"  said  the  girl,  in  alow  voice, 
"  li^^iat  do  you  think  of  hiw  r:is.  ?  I  Nlnur* 
the    tact    with    which,   di*  vott 

avoided  inciting  him,  by  CO!  I  i  in 

conversation  to  trifles." 

This  Qucouscious  judgment  on  my  convenia* 
tion  and  its  v,'Uue  wjis,  of  course,  higlily 
flattering.  I  was  about  to  rpply,  when  thi> 
sei'A'aut  entered  wuth — a  cenfloa  |)«ipcr  to  be 
filled  up. 

"  Now,  {  reflected,  with  a  flavAge  joy,  **  I 
shall  know  my  friend's  name  at  lut*  fiat 
how  will  he  describe  himself  ? " 

'*  Voii  had  better  write  the  name,  and  ao 
on/'  said  the  girl,  half-amiling.  **  Beally,  I 
ought  not  to  laugh,  but  consider  what  Papa 
might  write  I  Pray  do  it  while  I  leave  yoo 
for  a  minute/' 

So  here  was  I,  in  the  criaiB  of  my  iatal 
ignorance  at  last !  I  could  not  fill  it  iip,  of 
course — atid  let  me  tell  you,  my  dear  ex- 
pectant readier,  with  every  wish  for  your 
curit^sity,  that  you  are  the  proper  person— to 

FILL   UP  THE  CENSUS   RETURN  ! 


Xeartg  rtadg  {with  a  oopiaui  Indtx,)  /Vice  Thrtt  Sk(U4mg»^ 
TttE  FIRST  VOLUME  of  tji« 

HOnSEHOLB     NARIIATIVE      OF 

CUEEENT  EVENTS. 

Balng  A  ootoiilete  Beoord  of  il)«  tivents  of  ttw  r«u 

EIGHTEEN  HUNDRED  AND  FIFTY. 


ttiNimatd  ai  (!«  Uffl«.  So.  jft.  H  W:imi|toii  %%n^  North.  »if«nA.    rt\B'Wi4  »t  feik,b«i«uki  h  *^4  4.-»«.  *^rt^*M^»r*.•, 


"  FamUiar  in  their  Mouths  at  HOUSEHOLD  W0RDS:'^3m 


HOUSEHOLD    WOKDS. 

A    WEEKLY    JOURNAL; 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


KO'  420 


SATURDAY,  J.VNUARY  11,  1851. 


[Price  2A 


RAILWAY  STRIKES. 

EvERYTHiXG  thftt  has  a  direct  bearing  on  the 
proepc'rity,  happuie*«.  and  reputation  of  the 
working-nieu  of  Kngi&ud  should  l>e  a  House- 
hold Word. 

We  offer  a  few  remarks  on  a  subject  which 
has  recently  attracted  their  attention,  and  on 
which  one  mrtictibLr  and  important  branch 
of  industry  haa  made  a  demoastration,  afFect- 
inff,  more  or  less,  every  other  branch  of 
indUBtry,  and  the  whole  community  ;  in  the 
hope  that  there  are  few  among  the  intelligent 
body  of  skilled  mechanics  who  will  suspect  us 
of  entertaining  any  other  than  friendly  feelings 
towainJa  them,  or  of  jregarding  them  with 
any  eentiment  but  one  of  esteem  and  con- 
fidence. 

Tlio  Engine  Drivers  and  Fii^emen  ou  the 
Nortli  Western  line  of  Railway — the  great 
iron  high-roa-l  of  the  Kingdoni,  by  which 
communication  i»  maintained  with  Ireland, 
Scotland,  Wales,  the  chief  manufacturing 
towiiB  of  Great  Britain,  and  the  port  which 
is  the  main  artery  of  her  commerce  with  the 
world — have  threatened,  for  the  second  time, 
a  eimnltaneoua  abandonment  of  their  work, 
and  relincjuishment  of  their  etigageraenta 
with  the  Company  they  have  contracted  to 
Bcrve. 

We  dismiss  from  consideration,  the  merits 
of  the  case.  It  would  be  easy,  we  conceive, 
to  show,  that  the  comphdnts  ot^the  men,  even 
Mwuming  them  to  be  beyond  dispute,  were 
not,  firom  the  beginning  of  the  nmnifestation, 
of  a  grave  character,  or  by  any  lueana  hope- 
leas  of  fair  adjustments  But/ we  pui-posely 
(lismiss  that  question.  We  purposely  diamisd, 
alao,  the  character  of  the  Company,  for  care- 
fid,  busineBs-Hke,  generous,  and  hououi-able 
management.  We  are  content  to  assume  that 
it  tftanda  no  higher  than  the  level  of  the  vei-y 
worst  public  servant  bearing  the  name  of 
railway,  that  the  public  possesses.  We  will 
suppose  Mr.  Olyv's  commimications  with 
the  men,  to  have  been  chturacterised  by 
oirerbearing  evasion,  and  not  (as  they  mi- 

ubtedly  have  been)  by  courtesy,  goo«i 
per,  self- command,  ana  the  i>ei'fect  spirit 
of  a  gentlemau.  We  wiH  suppose  the  case  of 
the  Company  to  be  the  worst  that  such  a  case 
could  be,  in  this  country,  and  in  these  times. 
Even  with  such  a  reduction  of  it  to  its  lowest 


o>ei 

Hbem 

~0f  A 


possible  point,  and  a  comespouding  elevation 
of  the  case  of  the  skilled  Railway  serrants  to 
its  highest,  we  must  deuy  the  moral  right  or 
justiiication  of  the  latter  to  exert  the  immense 
power  they  accidentally  possess,  to  the  public 
detriment  and  danger. 
We  say,  accidentally  possess,  becauee  this 

fiower  has  not  been  raiaed  up  by  themaclvea. 
f  there  be  ill-conditioned  si>irjt8  among  them 
who  represent  that  it  has  be^n,  they  represent 
what  is  not  trut%  and  what  a  minute^s  rational 
consideration  will  show  to  l^e  false.  It  is  the 
result  of  a  vast  sysUm  of  skilful  combination, 
and  a  vast  expenditure  of  wealth.  Tlie  con- 
struction of  the  line,  alone,  against  all  the 
engineering  difficulties  it  presented^  involved 
an  amount  of  outlay  that  was  wonderful,  *tven 
in  England.  To  bring  it  to  its  present  8tat« 
of  working  efficiency,  a  thousand  ingenious 
problems  nave  been  studied  and  solved,  stu- 
pendous machines  have  been  construe  ted,  a 
variety  of  plans  and  schemes  have  been 
matwhdd  with  incredible  labour :  a  great 
whole  has  been  pieced  together  by  numerous 
capacities  and  appliances,  and  kept  inces- 
santly in  motion.  Even  the  cliaracter  of  the 
men.'wliich  stands  deservedly  high,  haa  not 
been  set  up  by  themselves  alone,  but  has  been 
assisted  by  large  contributions  from  these 
various  sources.  Without  a  good  permanent 
way,  and  good  engine  power,  they  could  not 
have  established  themselves  in  the  ]>ubUc 
coniidence  as  good  drivt?ra.  Without  good 
business-management  In  the  complicate«l  ar- 
rangements of  trains  for  goods  and  ijossengers, 
they  could  not  possibly  have  avoided  accidents. 
They  have  done  their  part  manfully  ;  but  thev 
could  not  have  done  it^  without  efficient  aid 
in  like  manful  sort,  from  every  department  of 
the  great  executive  staff.  And  because  it 
happens  that  the  whole  machine  is  dependent 
upou  them  in  one  important  stage,  and  is 
delivered  necessarily  into  their  control — and 
l^eimuso  it  happens  that  Railway  accidents, 
when  they  do  occur,  are  of  a  frightful  nature, 
attended  with  horrible  mutilation  and  loss  of 
life — and  because  such  accidents,  with  the 
be^t  precautions,  probably  mtut  occur,  in  the 
event  of  their  resignation  in  a  body — is  it, 
therefore,  defensiUe  to  strike  1 

To  that^  the  que«tion  comes.  It  is  just  so 
narrow,  and  no  broader.  We  all  know,  per- 
fecUj  well,  that  there  would  be  no  strike,  but 


_^: 


ir 


n. 


anil 


HOUSEHOLD  WOlpS. 


tCMiiMlAIr 


he  tww«r  |»»caMdL 


Qvt  I     **  Why,  it  9t^mn  U>  irw,  8; 

duo   Sftf**,  *'  rftthrr  »  nntirr?<*rin^  m 


ir«    hcilii:<ti 


Sparks,   t* 
l>rt^>iU*l  it- 

*  To-.] 
first  (L^ftii 
......1.1    i 


re  lhc«  wafl 

whisu  loiH 

i\  wheu    iiiiut   o£E,  vrhtn  jour 

_'.  when  not     I    got  to  know 

degrees;  first,  ttma  them  thjit 

it ;  thtn,  from  mj  own  tme. 


.  *|Sf  V^Bi^T 


"^•itifs 


-XTiat, 


^% 


.mmU 


^    )i»r^ 


^A 


EAILWAT  STRIKES. 


aes 


it  was  a  body  all  t!i«  same  wheu  we  came 
its  employment  with  our  eyes  wide  open, 

.|.  +j.^.^  ^.„i..,  — ^rravatin^  roles 
^  03  ?  '*  dbmanda 
•V'olTerhAinpion 


rimt 


by 


are 


W  ...  it*  for  the  public 

kfety,   h{jai-k£tj'    retufiw  Jolm   Safe ;    **  suad 

'b  for  the  public  aiife^,  b  for  yours  And 

ke.     Tfie  tirst  things  to  go,  in  »  smash,  idt, 

•ndly,  i\m  Kngine  and  Tender/* 

/  don't   want   to  be   made  more  safe," 

)wU  Thomafi  Spai^ks.    *^Iam  8slb  isaongli, 

am/' 

"But,  it    don*t  ei^ify  a  cinder    whether 
f"^   it  or  <lon't  want  it,"  returns  his 
[  V  "  You  imwt  be  made  aafr,  SporkH, 

[w  \  ju  like  or  not, — if  not  on  your  own 

rtiut,  ou  other  people's." 
Coke  of  Wolverhampton   sajs,  JoBticef 
int  *8    what    Coke    saya ! "     obaerree    Mr. 
>arka,  after  a  little  deliberation. 
And  a  verf  good  thing  it  is  to  say/*  re- 
John   Safe,     '*  A   better   thing  to  do. 
Iti  'b  be  sare  we  do  it.     I  can't  see  that 
d   workmen   do   it   to  our$«lv»a  and 
letting  in  bail  un  s  that  are  out 
lent.     That 's  as  to  onrBelves.     I 
i  don't  do  it  to  the  Company  or 
by  conspiring  toi?ethei>  to  turn   an 
l«nt«'d  advantage  a^nat  'em.     Look  at 
»ple!    Gentlemen  don't  strike.  Union 
bad  enough  paid  (which  we  nr* 
-'  don't  strike.     Many  dispensary 
octors  ai*e  not  over  well  treatecl. 
don^t  strike^  and  leave  the  sick  a 
in  their  beds.     So  much  for  aae  of 
en  for  taste.  The  respectable  young 
d   women  that  serve   in  the  shops, 
if  1  n't  strike,  wlien  they  wimted   early 

All  the    world    wasn't    against    them^^ 
lomaa  Sparks  puts  in. 
*?o ;  if  it  had  been,  a  man  might  have 
n  to  doubt   their  being  io  the  right/^ 
turns  John  Safe. 
**  Why,  you  don^  doubt  our  being  in  the 
ght,  I  hope  T"  says  Sparks, 
**lf  I  do,  I  an't  alone  in   it.    You   know 
ere  are  scores  and  scores  of  us  that,  uf  t>ieir 
aooord)  don't  want  no  striking,  nur  any- 
r  of  the  kind.'* 

Stippoee  we  all  agreed  that  w©  was  a  prey 
le«fK>tiHm,  what  then  ?"  asks  Sparks. 
Why,  even  then,  I  should  reoommend  our 
our  work,  true  to  the  public,  and  ap- 
!ff  to   the    public    feeling   anainat    the 
'- mliee  John  Safe.  **  It  would  very  soon 
the  Company.     As  to  the  Company 
e  Public  «idini»  togetlier  agaiant  us,  I 
■  id  the  Public  too  npt  to  go  along  with 
mpany  when  it  can  help  it." 
Mit  we   owe   uotliing  to  our  order  T* 
tijuires  Thomas  Sparks. 
'*  A  spod  deal-     And  when  we  enter  on  a 
e  like  this,  we  don't  ap|X'ar  to  me  to  jiay 


\t 


ftn( 


Don^ 


it^  We  are  rather  of  the  upper  sort  of  our 
order ;  and  what  we  owe  to  other  workiata^ 
is,  to  set  'em  a  good  example^  and  to  represoBk 
them  weU.  Now,  there  is,  at  ^  -  -t-^  ^^ 
deal  of  general  talk  (here  and  ti  h 

good  de;d  of  truth  in  it)  of  ('■•ml  f 

capital,  and  one  power  and  ,  i  ist 

workmen.  I  leave  you  to  j  i  :.  •  ii  u  it 
serr^  the  workiaaa^s  case,  at  such  a  time, 
to  show  a  small  body  of  his  order,  (;«uubttk«d, 
in  a  misuse  of  power,  against  the  whole 
community  ! 

It  appears  to  us,  not  only  that  John  Safe 
might  reasonablr  urge  these  argumeuts  and 
facta  ;  but,  that  *f ohn  Safe  did  actuaUy  presoni 
many  of  them^  and  not  remotely  suggest  the 
rest,  to  the  consideration  of  an  aggregate 
meeting  of  the  Engine  Drivers  and  ^  iremcn 
engaged  on  the  Southern  Division  of  the  Una, 
wmch  was  held  at  Camden  Town  on  the 
day  after  Christmaa  Day.  The  scnsoble, 
moderate,  and  upright  tone  of  some  men 
who  spoke  at  that  meeting,  as  we  find  them 
reported  in  The  Timee,  commands  our  admir»- 
tiou  and  respect,  though  it  by  no  meaoa 
surnrises  us.  We  would  especially  eomniend 
to  the  attention  of  our  readers,  the  speech  of 
an  Engine  Driver  on  the  Great  Western  Bail* 
way,  and  the  letter  of  the  Enginemea  and 
Iilremen  at  the  Bedford  Station.  Wriiinc,  hi 
submisfiion  to  the  necesstties  of  this  pubuOA- 
tion,  immediately  after  that  meeting  was  held, 
we  are,  of  course,  in  ignorance  of  the  issue  of 
Uie  question^  though  it  will  probably  have 
transpired  before  the  present  number  appean. 
It  can,  however,  in  no  wise  affect  the  obsenra- 
tions  we  have  made,  or  those  with  which  we 
will  conclude. 

To  the  men,  we  would  BuV»r'"'  ^^''^  't'»b*y 
fail  in  adjusting  the  differen  - 

plete  satisfaction,  the  failure  w  I  ^  ^      y 

their  own  fault,  as  inseparable,  in  a  great 
measure,  from  the  injudicious  and  unjustlti« 
able  threat  into  which  the  mors  s^ttsibllo 
jKjrtiou  of  them  have  .lUowed  themeslirM  to 
be  betrayed.  'VA'^liat  the  Directors  might  have 
couoeded  to  temperate  remonstrance,  it  is 
easy  to  understand  they  may  deem  it  cul- 
pable weakness  to  yield  to  m  ahirming  a 
combinatioa  against  the  public  service  audi 
safety. 

To  the  Pnbhc,  we  would  submit,  that  the 
steadiness  and  patriotism  of  English  workmen 
may,  in  the  lone  run,  be  safely  trusted ;  and 
that  this  mistake,  once  remedied,  may  be 
calmly  dismissed.  It  is  natural^  in  the  lirat 
hot  reception  of  such  a  menace,  to  write 
letters  to  newspapers,  urging  strong-handed 
legislation,  or  the  enforcemeut  of  ]tain9  and 
penalties,  past,  preeout^  or  to  come,  on  such 
deserters  from  their  posts.  But,  '*  •*  •  "t 
agre^LUe,  on  calmer  reflection,  to  «  ►? 

the  English  artisan  ils  working  tin l> 

or  yoke,  or  even  as  being  8UfqM>5e<l  *•»  require 
one.  His  spirit  is  of  the  highest ;  his  nature 
is  of  the  best.  He  comee  of  a  grvat  race, 
and  his  character  is  famous   u\  V-Vv^s  >4«»^\. 


\ 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


If  A  fiilae   step  on  the  |Brt    ot   anj    num 
■iKMdd  be  i)eDeroaslx  fovgottexi,  it  Abotdii  W 


THE  OTHER  GABRET. 


Jm  tbe  j««r  18461,  fiading  mjielf  out  of 
fBmpiajmtnlf  I  bappsned  to  hear  that  there 
WM  a  demiiid  in  Paris  for  workmen  in  my 
Iwiaiiwiii  I  umienrtAKMl  the  French  langnagr 
mad  had  no  finuily  ties  to  keep  me  in  Ltuidon ; 
■o  I  packed  op  all  m)r  woridlj  good^  and 
wiik  a  £bv  pe<iJid»  in  mj  pocket,  proceeded' 
In  Ihe  gaj  eapilaL  I  hind  a  angle  chamber 
OB  tbe  eeoood  floor  of  one  of  the  enormous 
^  bolola  gamis,**  or  fonuahed  hoiuea,  in  the 
Itiu  da  Faubooi^  PoiaBooni^ ;  and  the  next 
dbj  went  out  U>  seek  emplojoaent.  I  had 
tvo  leiteia  of  introdnction  to  maelera — one 
to  the  Rue  St.  Martin,  where  I  pro- 
fin4>  The  employer  received  me  kiiHily, 
lid  that  )>e  had  then  no  need  of 
Tlie  aecoDd  eare  me  the  ame 
■Avwer,  but  addled  that  if  in  «ix  week«*  time 
1  nrefe  not  lotgogcd,  he  should  certainly  be  tn 
ft  eooditiofi  to  eiupluy  me.  A  month  panied 
and  left  me  still  idle.  I  found  that  I  had 
formed  aa  to  the  demand  for 
or  eUe,  tlmt  the  state  of  thinga 
bad  ebanged  since  the  date  of  uy  informataoa. 
I  began  to  think  of  retuming  to  London, 
bcfbve  my  itock  of  money  became  too  low  to 
ennblA  me  to  do  » >     '  a  strange  ^te,  I 

VMlKMitively  wittt'  .<)  or  r^atiire  in 

Kngfand  ;  and,  if  1 1  ci  u  i  u^-u,  1  did  not  aee  that 
I  anotdd  greatly  iuq>ruve  my  proecpecte^  On 
the  other  haxkd,  the  horw^  ir.  the  Faabouig 
St.  Anioine  had  aagnn-  I  should  be 

engaged  there  in  anothi  I  ^       I  resolved 

to  atay.  I  aaw  my  money  dwindle  down  to 
the  exact  sum  vhieli  would  take  me  back  to 
London.  I  hesitated — but  at  last  spent  a 
portion,  with  the  rcaolutioo  of  a  man  who 
nnma  hia  boat  upon  the  ahore  to  give  himself 
the  ooaiage  of  desperation.  l£eanwhile  I 
renewed  my  eearch,  fmt  still  without  aaooesB  j 
till,  at  laat,  the  day  came  when  I  was  to  pre* 
i*ent  myself  at  the  jnanniactory  in  the  Bne  St. 
Antoine.  The  aspect  of  the  workahoR  ani 
the  coantemmoe  of  the  niaater«  were  sumdent 
answer.  I  left  the  house  with  a  heaTy  beait 
' — my  laat  and  most  confident  hope  was  gone 
in  an  instant!  I  was  without  friends — 
almost  without  money^  or  the  means  of  getting 
it ;  and  as  efiectoallv  cut  off  from  my  own 
country  aa  if  I  had  been  in  the  heart  of 
Siberin.  I  had  no  spirit  to  renew  my  aearch 
that  ib>%  I  took  my  small  loaf  aud  cheea^ 
and  wUli  a  book  in  my  hand  sat  in  the  gardens 
ai  the  Luxembooig  till  the  light  failed.  I 
retomed  home^  and  entering  at  tbe  lodge^ 
asked  to  speak  with  the  porter  a  wife,  of  whom 
I  had  hiied  my  room.  At  the  same  time>  a 
young  woman  lodging  in  the  same  house  came 
in  ai^  aaked  if  there  were  a  letter  for  her. 
The  landlady  gave  her  one,  and  she  broke 
the  aenf  and  began  to  resul  it  eagerly.    I 


felt  «ome  decree  of  shame  to  speak  of  my 
Itii^ces  in  m  presence  of  m  stvanger ;  but 
the  young  lodm  was  ahmtbol  is  tmUmg 
]wr  leitsr,  and  showed  no  iigne  of  deuu^Dg, 

«I  wished,  Madame  HaSet,  to  Mikif;fail 
harl  another  room  to  let,  whftdi  I  might 
exchange  for  my  own." 

*'  Oh  yes — ^Monsieur  wonld  like  one  better 

1 ;   one  on  the  fizvt  floor,  perhaps. 

must  aay  Monaienr  ia  not  lodged  ray 

coQiionably ;  but  tjo»eTer«  for  six  nnnos  m 

week^  I  am  sure  Moni^leur  wcMild  not  find  » 

nicer  lodging  in  all  Paris.^ 

<*Kov  Madbme  Mallet,  it  is  not  rAoT  which 
I  want.  I  wmply  wishetl  to  know  if  you  hail 
another  room  unoccupied,  at  a  lower  rent 
than  my  own/* 

''Why  yes,*'  replied  she,  in  a  leas  respectfbl 
tone — ^  ii  you  wish  for  one  cb4M^r,  rmi  must 
be   content   to   cUmb   up  t>-  '  'jt, 

where  1  have  a  little  room»  i  fly 

fiimi^ed,  aa  a  matter  of  oom^e,  at  rour  irxncm 
per  week.  Thk  young  penon  ooeaiiiies  the 
other  garret,  whidi  she  will  tell  yon  is  pteiiy 
comfortable. 

The  yonqg  woman  imtsed  her  cTes  &om  Hhi 
letter  and  mnrmnred,  timidly^  that  she  wis 
quite  satisfied  with  it. 

I  obsenred  her  aa  sha  spoke.  Hha  win 
oertainiv  fiu*  fixiim  being  hsssdanne,  b«tt  ha* 
dresB  though  phdn  was. neat  and  gnosAd. 
There  was,  moreover^  an  exprennosi  in  her 
&ce  of  meek  humility,  the  resnlt  peHmpe  ofn 
oonsciOQanees  of  her  want  of  bcMity*  Ou  Utat 
uec—--''  ^  had,  I  thou^t,  experietioed 
ni.  hip  liargh   trvaUnent,  and  hiid 

be^^ —  v..^i  and  retiring,  never  &l|;otth^g 
her  defects. 

"Monaienr  ean  walk  aiiLaud  aee  his  new 
room  if  he  pleases,**  added  Madame  Mallet^ 
*'or,  as  it  is  quite  ready,  he  has  nothiqg  to  do 
but  to  carry  up  his  box. ' 

She  took  the  light,  and  I  lbIlowed«  My 
near  neishbonr  wished  me  good  alglit  upon 
the  kndu^  and  I  entered  aiy  new  abodtt. 
The  room  was  small,  and  nmd  with  red 
tiles.  It  contained  simply  a  ned,  two  cbaira, 
and  a  tiible,  and  tm.  the  walls  a  few  Calholio 
picture*.— Tbe  boose,  like  moet  of  the  "*  hotela 
canus ''  in  the  suburbs  of  FSaris^  was  a  great 
nnildfng,  forming  three  sides  of  a  square  yard 
planted  with  trees.  My  window  looked  oaf 
upon  this  yard.  I  ast  my«etf  down  and  begut 
to  reflect  upon  my  position.  Mr  money,  u  X 
lived  the  life  of  a  hermlty  would  not  last  me 
more  than  three  wedcs.  I  mifl^  then,  per- 
haps, sell  a  few  books^  which  i  had  brought 
with  me — the  only  conaolation  to  which   I 


oouid  turn  in  my  tronble  ;  I  had  ako  a  f^A^ 
which  my  mother  had  given  me,  and  which  1 
had  reeofved  never  to  part  with. 


I  continued  to  seek  employment  and  loltTfr 
with  the  most  rigid  eoonomy  ;  but,  at  length. 
I  found  myself  without  a  sou.  1  took  my 
books  and  sold  them  for  a  few  francs  at 
one  of  thoae  innumerable  book  stalls  that  Une 
the  quays  of  the  Sein&    When  this  mooey 


THE  OTHER  GARRET, 


365 


^ 
N 


WAS  gone  I  Bat  down  in  despair,  with  my  face 
between,  my  haJids,  I  had  no  fijrther  re- 
9.1  -  ^  ^  ray  mother's  ring,  and  thia  I  wiaa 
iJ  to  keep.     The  day  passed  away 

aiii  ;  .  .-  .H  il  no  fool.  The  next  day  I  fasteti 
also.  I  y\ns  determiuetl,  if  at  len^rth  I  pjive 
way  to  hunger,  at  legist  not  to  do  so  without 
Buch  a  stmggle  as  should  console  me  in  after- 
timed  for  breiiking  my  r^aolution.  The  enn 
ahone  brightly  that  tlay,  and  I  he&nl  my 
neighlwnr  singing  with*  her  window  open^ 
where  1  had  o^en  «een  her,  above  the  trees. 
I  went  to  bed  eskrly  to  forget  the  pangs  of 
hunger,  but  I  could  not  sleep.  A  gnawinp^  in 
the  stomach}  accompanied  by  heat  and  tlnrst, 
kept  me  awake  till  the  light  streamed  in 
through  the  long  narrow  windowB.  Then  I 
lieai'd  my  neightxnur  a^n  luoving  hriakJy  in 
the  next  apartment.  Presently  I  heard  her 
open  and  fasten  back  the  long  wooden  BcreeDs 
or  jalouaies,  which  close  from  the  ontaide  of 
alt  the  windows  in  Paris.  Then,  like  a  bird 
at  the  sight  of  a  fine  morning,  she  began  to 
fiing  agam,  till  the  day  grew  more  arlv&nced, 
«nd  I  heaixl  the  noise  of  people  in  the  street. 
She  descended  the  staira,  And  I  saw  her 
cnx&  the  yard,  with  her  graceful  little  cap, 
which  all  French  women  wear  in  the  raorning, 
and  carrying  in  her  hand  a  basket  of  woven 
stniw,  Buch  aa  the  French  prlaoners  miide  and 
sold  in  England  at  the  time  of  the  last  w:ir. 

I  could  hardly  stand  for  fain tn  ess ;  I  waited 
till  I  thought  it  late  enough  to  find  some 
jeweUer'a  enop  open,  and  then,  taking  my 
ring,  I  crept  down  stairs  noiaelessly,  u  if  I 
were  about  to  do  some  shameful  deed.  Oh, 
how  happy  and  gay  seemetl  everything  in  the 
8ti*eet8  compared  witli  me  I  The  sun  ahone, 
and  the  air  waa  so  culm  and  clear,  and  the 
face8  of  the  people  so  cheerful,  as  they  passed 
to  and  fro  under  the  long  lines  of  ti'ees  upon 
the  Boulevards.  I  soon  found  a  goldsmith, 
where  I  offered  my  ring.  The  man  eyed  me 
atteutiTely  for  a  moment,  for  there  was 
something  susDicious  in  coming  to  sell  a 
rin^  at  that  early  hour.  However,  he  seemed 
satisfied  with  my  appearance,  and  having 
examined  the  stone,  and  t^.sted  the  gold  with 
aqua-fortia,  he  offered  me  sixty  francs — I  be- 
lieve two-thirds  of  its  value — but  I  accepted 
them  and  departed. 

The  occupant  of  the  "other  garret*'  seemed 
to  haunt  me.  I  met  her  aa  I  crossed  the 
threshold  of  the  jeweller's  door,  returning 
with  her  little  l>asket  full — ^a  long  loaf  and 
a  melon  forcing  up  the  lid,  I  bid  her  good 
morning,  and  paased  on,  I  entered  a  Ee«tau- 
nulf  and  asked  for  breakfast,  of  which  I  ate 
heartily,  though  I  was  careful  not  to  eat 
too  much,  after  my  long  fast.  But,  in  spite 
of  my  precautions,  I  felt  extremely  ill  My 
eyes  were  glazed  ;  my  lips  (as  I  saw  in  the 
^aas)  were  bUck  and  jxirched,  and  I  trembled 
from  head  to  foot.  I  do  not  remember  how  I 
spent  that  day,  but  all  night  long  I  lay  in 
bed,  burnt  up  with  fever,  and  haunted  by 
wild  dreazna* 


Sometimes  I  seemed  to  walk  l»etween  high 
leaning  walla,  that  thrcatene.1  to  topple 
down  and  crush  me;  and  I  . --  '  1  my 
}>ace  to  e.scape  from  tht-m,  but  t  wjui 

iuterminable.     At  other's,  I  cli. l;irk- 

ness  up  a  Bpir.il  stHii-case  to  the  roof  tj!"  same 

f'reat  cathedral ;  1  heard  the  rolling  of  organs, 
ike  low  thunder;  I  climkjcd,  and  climbed, 
fearing  to  be  stifled,  till*  at  length.  1  issued  on 
the  roof ;  and  looking  down  from  the  dreadful 
height,  I  saw  a  great  city  spread  Ixdow,  and 
far  away  broad  fields,  and  hill  tops  crowned 
with  windmills.  A  fear  of  falling  took  hold 
of  me,  but  I  could  not  rece^ie ;  and  I  calb-d 
aloud  for  some  one  to  come  and  drti^  me 
Imck  to  the  little  d<X)r.  Then,  j>erplexed 
with  the  sudden  change,  and  asking  nivseif 
whether  I  dreamed  or  not,  1  stooil  in  a  level 
country,  where  there  were  long  broad  ditcht^s, 
filled  with  flags  and  Inilrusht^a,  and  borderetl 
by  stunted  willows*  Here  and  there  wtui  a 
stagnant  TK>nd,  its  scummy  surface  shot 
with  purple  and  green,  its  long  f»?athcred 
graasen  haunted  bv  splendid  dragon- flics  ;  for 
it  was  a  deep  still  n€W)iitidej  and  a  blue  and 
dazzling  sky  shut  in  all  that  broad  landscape. 
And,  although  I  had  thought  myself  the  only 
living  being  there — and  although  my  mother 
liad  been  dead  for  many  years — I  turned  round, 
and  found  her  standing  by  me  without  sur* 
prise.  She  bade  me  go  with  her,  and  see 
what  she  would  .show  me.  Soon  w©  stood 
upon  a  wide  road,  and,  ns  I  guesaed,  upon 
the  outskirts  of  a  great  city,  for  1  he^otl 
A  noise  of  n  multitude  far  o&'  Presently  we 
entered  the  city  by  a  gate  ;  and  we  looked 
down  a  broaid  street,  lined  on  each  side  with 
temples,  and  great  houses — an  endless  line  of 
pillars,  for  the  street  seemed  to  traverse  the 
whole  city :  and  at  the  Ijottom,  far  away,  we 
saw  blue  mountains  stretching  out  into  the 
sky.  We  walked  towards  them — a  great 
crowd  accompanying  ils — till  we  issued  by 
another  gate,  and  saw  the  fields  ag^u.  It 
suddenly  grew  dark  ;  but  the  crowd  con- 
tinued to  iMJur  outwtti'd  by  the  city  galea. 
After  a  long  time  of  darkness,  I  looked  up, 
and  saw  a  faint  flush  of  light  around  the 
horizon  ;  and  as  it  grew  not  only  in  the  eas^ 
but  in  the  west,  and  in  every  direction,  I 
saw  the  edges  of  hilk,  and  the  spires  of  fir 
plantations  against  the  sky — ^I  said,  **It  ia 
not  the  daybreak,  but  the  coming  of  a  great 
wonder."  And  I  heard  my  mothers  voice, 
saying,  "Fear  nothing;  you  have  kept  the 
ring  1  gave  you,  and  your  love  for  me  shall 
wipe  out  many  sins/'  Then  a  great  fear 
seized  me,  and  I  called  upon  her  by  name, 
and  would  have  held  her  by  her  garment, 
but  she  was  gone.  Mei^m while,  I  prayed 
upon  my  knees,  and  I  heard  the  stir  of  the 
voicel^s  multitude  around  me,  and  the  light 
increased,  and  I  fell  upon  my  knees  and  wept. 
I  do  not  know  who  found  out  first  that  I 
lay  ill.  Throughout  the  next  day,  I  was  half- 
awake,  with  a  consciousness  of  some  one 
moving  in  the  room ;  and  in  the  evenings  a 


I 


* 


do^t  ."  --^.->  to  iiu^ ;  perliapa  he  bwl  ^"^'^ 
liN_'  I  lijui  uo  luetiiory  of  it.  II 
luc  -.  ..  ,  whjrii  1  took  witlunit  i  , 
and  uiit^thrT  u\y,\ii  p^SiMfd  iu  u  culiuer  i&ioep. 
When  1  wc»ko  -vaui,  I  felt  l>etUr.  Tln>r^ 
WJiB  (liiytix'it  ifi  *>i^^'  room.  I  slretckeU  mv 
li»unl  out  tJj  rJniw  Hisul«i  tliecurtiwii  ol'  my  lietl, 
wbcQ^  to  »"y  itotoiiiKkracut,  1  kiw  ui»on  uaj 
fiij^»«r  tlie  riii^  ^hicL  1  htyi  sukl  tu  tiie  j^nvelW. 
I  pulJ*><l  it  <  '  '  :^iiiuLiietl  it.  There  wftB 
tju  doubt  of  '.  .1  tried  to  recall  the 
events  of  tliL  i.^.i  ,.».  '  daya.  ^Vjut  thia,  then, 
only  a  jiart  of  tiie  terrible  drcama  winch  bad 
oppressed  mcl  No,  I  rc*meiiibered  too  well 
tbc  dav^  of  my  poverty  and  huager  ;  tho  loi^^ 
struggle  with  mysc'lf,  and  the  iitial  yielding  ; 
the  shop  oa  tho  Buiiloviird  where  I  had  sold 
my  ii»fei  aiid  the  llesUiurant  where  X  broke 
my  fast.  I  thrust  uvy  baud  undi^  my  piUow, 
luid  ibew  forth  my  lavtiiey,  the  Bu/Mt  proof 
that  I  V.  •  '  oeived.  J I  -  v  r  T  pushed 
attitb  II                      toofiiiuri  :  I  W9s 

ttt  ^-'■'■-          w»_,   own  KhIix.lmu,  '■•  »'*v 

su                   16  was  my  next  ruo; 
Bill     _           uiv  window,  btifiily  w  ^   ,^     , 

jt  iitUe  cap.  Tho  table  vmb  drawn  up  to  ber 
«d<t,  ami  upon  it  was  some  lace  aad  ribbon. 
Siws  plied  }i..*r  nttMilo  briiikly  for  awhile,  with- 
out Mb^oi-virif,'  mcj  atid  theu  held  the  ca^p  cut 
nt  .1  I  h,  and  «y«fd  it  like  a  connoisseur. 
T I  I  kcd  a  inin  ut<j  or  two  lou ^ e r^  and 
%:•■  '  ''       ''     ■  '' '  '   ■  ""■  la.»Iding 

it 

-.n  ,..  *,  ,,Mi  ».i.>  iuii.^  1  c<a43askud- 

i  If ''  I  vul&h  to  know  tlie  name 

ol  Hfi  frJi  lid,  who  Laa  iHsetored  to 

lit'  by  my  mothor  dying, 

s  o  LTuarded  as  my  life, 

'  »6ll  it  for  bread^ 

-4  what  Vt&ing  has 

I  hiiVc  U'j  liicud  ill  Faru^  and  J 


And  h* 

sMifiii  it 


ji  I  bud  iL 

ij  »d  b.- lui  I 

Ajid   i  baid    1   h.-il  : 
uianv   long    yeui      « 


vnd 

■lie 

lu;. 

If 


Lie 


'fa 


It. 

done  ihit 

lukve  nut   spoken  of  tlii>T  to  a  eoiiL.    But  1 

cotruat  you,  if  you    know,    not    to   oouceal 

the  name,  that  I  nmy  bless  it  to  my  Iftteni 

hourr 

•*  By-and-by,  Monsieur  abali  know  ol ;  but 
ftt  jiruaeut *' 

^^tiikyf*  I  int«rniptcxl,  *' I  entreat  you  to 
t«U  me  ;  but  why  should  I  doubt  ]  It  can 
be  no  otlier  tlian  youi:ft«jlf ;  and  yet,  I  cannot 
i«ll  why  you  ehould  interest  yourscdf  tliue 
for  a  stranger  and  a  foreigner." 

"  Utit  would  not  Monsieur  have  done  an 
eqti   ■   '       '   tss  for  a  sti-an^er  J — There/'  ^l 
Bx  iddenly   cheekujg   lierself,  **tJ 

wnmt'-',  ^t  luiu  I  menjut  to  keep  ia  told.  Mmi:^. 
Gftllart,  the  cur^  always  said  I  was  a  silly 
thluj^.'* 

acLinn  r 

"■  I  do  not  know,  except  that  I  eboidd  liAve 
liked  to  vrmi  till  you  were  rich  tiiougli  to 
repay  me.  Now  you  will  tenae  youiijelf  uljout 
the  laouey,  thou  eh  I  am  sure  I  do  not  want 
it  I  never  abould  liave  bad  it,  but  for  JMoni. 
QaUart,  the  cur6  i  for*  you  aee.  I  uever  thought 
of  sftviog^  money,    1  used  to  buy  ev^ery  week 


why  wish    to  concesl   so  good  an 


tlmt  tiiiiL  rriT'ie.     lit-  tvk\ 
thou^lii    iii.^    ii.'o  ouee,  but  ^li.il  ;. 
h-*.l    '■'  i  r  y  ;  he  look- 

1.  1  luan  gUderi  : 

•  i  :■  ,    '  ■    -    '  I.  '  vou   iir 

you  ha%'o  n 
me ;  and  1 
to  try  and  itiVtj  a  iit-tl 
said,   *  I   w^ould   not  .< 
ple;iBure,  if  1  tlid  not  tLiuk  it  im 
Jiiome  future  pain.^     And  so  be 
iji  tbi»  way  &s  we  walked,  arm  m  ur 
the  fooLjiath  through  tlie  fi«ld«,  till 
*..  ti.,.  road  to  Nk'-ii-  ;  ---T   +1;--   I 
1  binl  me  J 
ids.     And  1 
upon  Ix'tB  WMtds^  and  rr»c 
caps  and  dreftait^  ;  timl  iiiitv 
.ind  I  ha<l  srived  a  hiuulred  fitiUt.'aj  lOid  ittcxL 
Sunday  I  would  have  Uikon   thorn  to  tvtm 
with  we,  and  waited  for  hlui  again  in  tJbs 
churchyard,   aud    have  shown    liim   how   I 
niindul  what  he  aaiil         '  '    ■•*■•  :Lak^  Idfid 
what  to  do  with  all  li 

''And  you  give  up  uim  piv:,i*ure  ibr  mj 
Bake  1 " 

"  Nay, MoUBieur-^to w4mi  Ix  tt-r  uw  could 
he  tell  me  to  employ  it  I     1  i  own  aid 

yet.     I  am  not  ill — 1  had  i  it.** 

"  God  ble^  .vou,"  I  exclaiiucd,  "  1  hof>c  sioati 
to  rejmy  you  the  money ;  though  tlie  d^bt  of 
matilude  I  owe  you  I  can  uevei'  iki  away. 
But  how  did  you  learn  that  I  Usui  sold  tliuf 
rin;4,  and  where  ?  '^ 

*'  Uh,  I  jmrtly  ^e&sed  it,  as  jnou  ^hnlJ  benr. 

MtMhiTue  ]VIidlet  came  to  my  tiOci     *     -     -tuI 

«aad  you  were  veiy  ill ;  and  uk^  lu 

aud  wutch  you  while  ahe  f*'( 

I  came  in  aod  sat  by  the  bed 

ciune,  aud  saw  you  were  in 

I  in  great  danger,  «ud  you  rtu^-bt  not  to  be 

left  alone.    So  1  oflered  to  ait  by  you,  for,  yodi 

see,  I  can  work  bti'e  as  well  afi  in  my  own 

room ;  for  I  lose  no  time.     Madame  Mallst 

1  also ;  and  we  iigreed  to  attentl  upodi 

.  turns.    And  when  1  was  Ult  aloits^ 

uim  juu  were  asleep,        '    '  I  boam 

you  talking  of  a  rin  ig  tome 

one  t4>     ^'^-'•]-     5t      f..y    1  .       ni/^qit^ 

aud  I" 
Theuy. 

gc  that  1  did  not 
remembt'i'cd  moetiiL 
door  the  day  Viefore  ;  imd  1  aaki   L- 
Iwi  baa  been  eompelle*!  to  sell  a  k 
aiid  thiB  it  IB  that  pi-o^K  upon  1 
nnikfii  him  ill,    Aud  I  thought 
and  bleised  tbe  good  old  curt^  v.  aoj^  auricts 


i 


nil- 

m 


1  reu 


THE  OTHER  GASHET. 


ae? 


tMd  tnnbied  me  t^  h<*lp  you.     In  t* 
Jag,  I  went  nnt  sts  usuiU  with  mr  h: 
Ibtind   B|giiia  the  ehop   upou   the    J 
Montmiirtre.     I  tusked  if  Borne  on 
a»iilr1   'V  Hnff  tbere  ewly  on  the  d.i 
7  itiswerod  y«a.    I  told  hini 

w  f-HT  it  n-'UViUL,  and  be  said  ; 

hiLVc  riks.     So  I  paitl  iiim  tiir 

nou*^;  lie  ring  away.  And  then 

I  though t  kow  ^^urpriaed  ami  delight«<i  you 
^fOulU  be  to  find  it  on  ytmr  finger  on  awaken- 
mg :  «o  I  contrived,  when  your  hand  -wtm 
■U^tefatKl  ont  upon  the  coverlet,  to  pat  it  «d 
mithont  disturliLtig  you." 

My  eyes  were"  tilled  with  iean  st  the 
thought  of  HO  much  simplicity  and  goodnesa. 
I  wcniM  hftve  sud  %  hundred  tilings,  but  I 
eould  not  find  a  wortl  to  otter.  I  wished  that 
ahe  had  been  an  ^iglish  woman,  that  my 
onotioo  might  speaks  without  conatraint,  its 
natural  lAogtiage.  She  saw  me  eiriving  to 
speak  and  stopped  me. 

*'  Yo\i  muBt  not  talk,"  «he  said.  "  The  doc- 
tor  eautioued  me,  tilwjve  all  things^  not  to  kt 
yr  *  '^  r  be  excited  ;  and  here  I  have  been 
r  more  tlian  an  lioiir,  and  forgetting 

IL...  .  r  '■■  * '■  ..lit  to  market.** 

80  ^  on  lier  cape,  and  taking 

he^lii  find  shut  the  door  noiae- 

leasly  Ijchiud  her. 

I  lay  ill  b«*d  a  fortnight ;  and  every  day  she 
eat  ^Wth  me,  and  ohatted.  The  constant  at- 
tendance was  no  longer  neceasary,  but  I 
1  1    til  sUiy  with   me  by  day.     A«  I 

r  the  raatraint  diniiniahei:),  and  all 
iir:  ii.iuuul  ii  ^'  1  -,  ^  n  to  show  itaelf. 
Her  litth'  led  about  the 

room  with  .^^  i^-  i..,...,.^.^-  -.  .t  fawn.  Some- 
timca  she  tat  angtng  and  working,  as  in  her 
own  room,  and  ^en  would  check  herself,  and 
any  that  it  made  my  head  aohe  ;  tUl  I  begged 
her  to  go  on. 

One  day  I  said  to  her,  '  Yon  have  never 
told  me  your  name,' 

**  Ainiee  :  and  yours  ?  " 

"•  William  Arnot,*  said  I,Rheanngra3r«elf  of 
the  final  conaonant  to  suit  her  Freneh  ear — 
**  in  French,  GnlUaume  Amot.  It  ia  not  so 
pretty  a  oneaa  yonra,  whidi  makes  you  always 
beloved/*  eaid  I,  playing  upon  the  word. 

**  Nny,  exeepting  M.  Gallai't,  I  do  not  know 
a  single  being  whom  1  can  call  my  friend.** 

**  And  how  ia  thia,"  I  asked — "■  you,  who  are 
80  kind  and  good  t " 

"  *  I  never  knew  my  mother/  she  replied. 
'  Mv  fa  tilt' r  was  a  vinegrow«r  in  a  little  village 
in  LfitTaiiic  ;  and  M.  Gallart  was  the  cur^ 
th"  '  'lifetime.  1  had  a  aiater,  who  waa 
^  ^'ul ;  and  M.  Qallart  taught  us  both 

tt  ....  i  .^.,1  write,  and  to  understand  the  best 
writcra^  whose  worka  he  lent  us  from  hia 
Kbrary.  But  ray  mster  waa  proud,  and  never 
loved  me  much  ;  and  when  the  married  a 
lieh  m&n,  and  went  to  Paris  to  live,  ahe 
tlunigfat  of  ufl  no  more.  1  foi^ve  all  this ; 
Imt  when  my  father  lay  ill,  and  his  farm 
liad  gone  to  ruin,  we  wrote  to  her  in  vain. 


1,.^ 


u  1m»  died,  and  we  wrot. 
had  no  answer  ;  I  thou|.dj 
ve  her  wii'^"  l  ^'■"''      '* ' 
^eeu  remn 


f>  nr*':k. 


2ain, 
>uU 
mve 
nut% 
my 
^i  he 


[  iiad  no  } 


lUIit.'i' 

the 
him. 

a   111  I  I 

leomi  lunv  i>j  earn  mv  iivmg.  i  ii;»v*-  !i<;vtT 
seen  my  aiater  dnco  I  have  Insfu  licre :  but 
once,  soon  after  1  came  to  F>'  •  !  ■  Mjs»ed 
by  her  house.     I  naw  the  wiii« !  »ntly 

ligiit«'.l  mill  T  h.  ntl  music,  i*.  ,  uA  a 
pifft;  \:ht.     I  stood  looking  up 

at  til  I  crying  bitterly,     I  would 

have  given  all  that  1  poaaesaed  to  aee  my  aiabor 
once  more^  if  only  for  a  moment^  to  hftve 
renunded  her  of  the  days  we  mat  ttigeUMT 
in  our  childhood,  Bot  I  waa  annkl  of  hiaimg 
driven  &om  the  door  if  I  rang,  and  60  I  naasea 
on,  and  never  went  that  way  again.  That  it 
my  histon%  Monaienr." 

'"  It  ia  "very  aad,"  I  said.  « I  will  not  tell 
you  iM'U  liv  what  strange  order  of  cveuta  I 
alao  :  1  8S  in  the  world.     ^NiintMjiber 

time  I  i  you  all.   Your  story  h.^  madr 

me  aad,  and  i  do  not  Like  to  dwell  tii|.H.in  the 
paat  Let  us  rather  look  forw^uvi  to  the 
future,  and,  like  bmUier  and  sisier,  retoU  e  lo 
help  and  eheri&h  one  another  while  we  live." 

I  took  her  hand  and  preaaed  it  in  uiy  own. 
I  spoke  huniedly  and  earneatly,  for  I  felt 
moat  deeply  eveiy  word  I  uttej-ed,  A  new 
Bonrce  of  life  had  sprung  up  in  my  heiu't.  I 
forgot  how  little  I  waa  in  a  condii  loD  to  help 
her  —  poor  and  wretched  aa  I  was.  The 
Bight  of  such  a  noble  creature,  deqna^l  and 
ill-treated  by  the  world,  preaefviog  ;dJ  hea- 
hope  and  cheerfulness,  and  seeking  only  to  do 
good  to  others,  had  made  me  a  new  man.  All 
fife  stood  out  before  me  with  another  ii«pect. 
I  felt  a  stronger  ^th  than  ever  I  L  '  ' 
before,  that  all  the  evil  in  the  v 
thought  of  which  had  long  hannteii  jnm  [ni- 
plexeil  me,  will  one  day  vanish  like  a  mi^ 
and  show  the  beauty  of  Gfod's  pm-puae  hid 
within.  I  was  so  happy,  and  ao  fiiied  with 
hope,  that  I  thought  1  felt  the  near  approach 
of  l«ttcr  days :  and  indeed  from  th:it  iLnie, 
the  current  of  my  fortnne  ebbed  and 
tamed. 

At  the  end  of  thjree  weeks  I  waa  ao  &r 
recovered  sa  to  leave  the  house  and  renew 
my  search  for  employment,  I  found  a  great 
change  had  taken  nlaoe  since  I  had  kept  my 
room.  In  every  trade  there  aeenned  to  be  new 
life  ;  and,  in  a  few  da^-s,  I  was  engaged  in  a 
mana&otory  in  the  Hue  St.  Denis,  My  em- 
ployer waa  pleased  wibh  my  work,  .aid  paid 
me  well.  My  first  care  was  to  1  ioud 

the  money  which  I  owed  her,  mj^ed 

to  visit  the  <nir6  on  the  following  SuL&daQrj  and 
show  him  hei*  money,  as  she  had  eriginaHy 
inteitdad.    1  offered  to  accompMiy  her* 


I 


36d 


HOUSEHOIJ>  WORJ>a 


Th«r«  Kf  bat  few  dnja  in  onr  Htw  wfaioh 
Kr9  not  foiifotUa  iw  pooh  i«*  paaeod.  The  fiHe 
t1n>4  ni  the  calentlar  of  our  ostisbetice  iiro  fetr 
wrt.  Y('t^  0om«Ciiiictt,  we  come  to  a 
•1  iww  I' f»iui»0«  from  crnr  memory  till 
W  Uic".  Kvcrytliiug  w«  thought  fuid  did  upon 
tluU  cIa}'  iVUKVl  Imok  t0  UM  aft4^?  wjinlii^  wh««fi 
||l#  9yv  ui  filiiird  u  '  ' 
prtMut  b  forijikttiMi 

will  UfW    f    "  '  N  ,   «M»ll     lU     IIIB 

fiinaioit  <  \Vr  rose  earir, 

aad  went  -   p...., a,-.,  .v 

TlwMki 

Ittd  vhoUr  pfiii  aw«v\ 
«|i<Ni  ii»  Imtw,  «nd  Ut  I 
rmtk  W^tuniitdofffirott  liv 
iiwliiK  «m1  took  *  l(»ol|wt)i  aci 
till ««  <MM»  to  n  d«i|>  viUW> 
%b  \fffik  vammd  vm  lot  m  tlae. 
mw  iIm  lowin   and    tr 

widit  hfm» 

kr  and  v^^^ 
Miowll  WM  »  «ltti> 


4tid, 


l.lltl    1A-}ltHt 


iMid  with  hifl  head 

to   him   all   my 

ul.  butiheold. 

u  the 

■  •  -t- 

'il3 


foi 


CTi^ 


B&  Ittk  WM  gt«T,  Iwl  U  W9^ 


with  K  pir*!!**  ft« 
uncover 
story,     bl 

miui  raifMd  it  iij^  wid  ki 

ho*d  once  ngidii.    And  1 

home  and  dine  with  hmi  will 

iiesa  thAt  we   complie<L      1 

reiifion.     He  htul  eyed  me  ut  Urnl  with   iha 

anxiety  with  wluch  a  father  Bcrutinisee  tho 

lover  of  hia  child,  aitd  he  wished  to  hfeTe  nte 

longer  with  him  that  he  might  judge  me 

better.    We  talked  toeetherRli  ^^'^  ■.u.ri...n, 

but  Aim^  aat  in  eSenoe^  1  ir 

worde.    The  diaeoone  of  t^t  i.^ 

of  deep  and  practical  phikaopliy.    it  wraa 

language  of  a  man  wlu>  had  grown  weary 

US,  in  the  eternal  ebb  and  flow  of 

t  W  tendency  of  life^  and  bad  fidUft 

^ent,  and  a  |nod  attd  Holj 

tain  thtngi  nkb  man  om 

:  Ite  church,  where  wa  left  liim,  aad  took 
^-^^^^  homewarda.    We  looked 

hill  topv  and  aaw  tbe  ami  aboivt  to 

:>.L  £area^  attd  a  level  abaft  efligbt 

tbat  gelden  «a  of  Wavca.    U 

i«ii  we  tvMiraHL    A  fei 

ikfucwani*  arbe  reeeiTvd 

aai^waa  atriltiiiJ  le  do  at 
He  veloe  frfonakfo  of  Be 
Mitiaaad  ker  ie 

ao-elTiyjeX^ 

He  ckiiidb  WW  lee  &r  ftr  ker  fte 

to 
le  8k 
V^ira^er  e—e  eiktr  vHl^i^  m  tke 

Tke^aweatkttlii^ifrletaL    Tbc 

tfce 


!W  daj 


tiwu.D«.«,3     EFFORTS  OF  A  GENTLEMAN  IN  SEARCH  OF  DESPAIR 


369 


N 


explftined  the  words  aiid  peculiarities.  At 
the  end  of  five  moatha,  she  could  read  it 
»tly  well,  and  b^au  to  trj^  to  spetik.  There 
£  sometiiing  so  simple  in  her  foreign  accent 
and  her  literal  translations  of  the  idioms  of 
her  own  lauguage,  iliat  I  could  not  help 
ighin^.  Bat  she  was  not  tiiseoura^'ed,  but 
>uKi  luugh  too,  and  mk  me  to  explain  her 
iw,  aiul  promifia  to  speak  bettei-  by-aud- 

TIms  Buminer  came  again,  and  I  worked 
:\y  aiiii  late :  for  we  were  veiy  busy.  It 
_>peued,  at  that  time,  that  we  had  some 
work  to  execute  near  Orleans ;  and  a  little 
troop  of  workmen  was  to  be  sent  there,  to 
«tay  for  a  couple  of  months.  The  master 
selected  me  to  guperintend  them.  The  choice 
was  a  mark  of  confidence,  and  I  could  not 
refuse  to  go.  I  told  my  Iriend  of  it  in  the 
DVeuin*^.  I  was  to  leave  Paris  on  the  Monday 
foiluwiiig,  aiid  the  day  previously,  we  ornrnged 
to  visit  the  olil  c\ir«j  once  again. 

Yet  another  day,  which  will  linger  in  my 
memory  till  I  die  ! — ^the  brightest  of  those 
liappy  <iays !  We  went  out  eAi-lier  thia  time. 
It  wnjB  the  hrst  of  June — a  tine  clear  morning. 
A  gentle  rain  had  fallen  in  the  night,  am 
•verything  looked  freali  and  green.  We 
walked  alon^  the  l)orders  of  the  wood,  ajod 
heard  the  blackbird,  hidden  in  the  leaves, 
sing  out^  and  stop :  and  then,  there  waa  a 
dead  Blleuce :  till  another  answered,  deeper  in 
the  wootlft.  I  had  never  seen  her  dresaed  ao 
prettily  before.  She  wore  a  dress  of  CTay 
merino,  and  a  cape  of  the  same  stufil  Her 
cap  was  of  lace,  and  pale  blue  ribbon.  We 
did  not  speak  often.  I  thought  of  separation 
on  the  morrow ;  and  at  eveiy  step  I  seemed 
to  shrink  from  it  more.  Ailerwanla,  we  went 
to  St.  Cltmd,  which  was  not  far.  And  aE  tlus 
time  I  hail  never  spoken  to  her  of  anything 
but  friendrthip,  nor  ever  whispered  to  mvsetf 
how  much  I  lo\  e<l  her.  My  love  had  been 
too  pure  to  know  itself.  We  wandered  in  the 
park  till  it  was  time  to  go,  and  tftill  we  lingered. 
We  sat  down  upon  a  seat,  beneath  great  <>aks: 
and  then,  when  the  hour  grew  nearer,  when 
we  were  to  part,  I  felt  more  deeply  still  how 
&11  my  Boul  was  bound  to  her.  I  could  not 
leave  her  tiU  I  told  her  all. 

Eiffht  weeks  passed  slowly  in  the  old  city 
of  Orleans :  but  every  day  I  wrote  to  her,  and 
she  replied — the  solace  of  our  soHtaty  uiphta. 
She  told  me,  in  her  innocence  of  heart,  now 
she  had  loved  me  ever  since  the  day  we  went 
to  see  the  cur6  in  the  valley ;  and  how  she 
had  feared  that  I  should  never  love  her  as  she 
loved  me;  for  "^you  alone"  she  said,  "could 
unseal  my  hps,  and  but  for  you  I  never  could 
have  spoken  out,  and  eaaeil  my  heart'*  At 
length,  I  returned*  Then  came  our  marriage 
morning.  We  invited  no  strange  faoe&  We 
went  about — on  foot ;  because  it  awakened 
pleasing  recollections.  There  were  some  signs 
m  ber  attire  which  might  have  told  it  was 
her  marriage  day,  but  it  was,  withal,  so  plain^ 
that  we  escaped  all  observation.    The  sister  of 


M.  Gallart  served  as  bndesmaid,  and  the  sex- 
ton signed  the  book. 

Afterwards,  the  old  man  walked  with  tia, 
and  Ulkeil  to  her  of  othei*  tlays ;  until  we  came 
again  to  the  gate  that  opened  into  the  high- 
i*oarl.  Tlien,  he  blessed  us  again,  and  looked 
after  us  until  we  were  gone,  AJid,  band  in 
hand,  alone,  we  took  our  way  together ;  but 
all  our  Eden  lay  before  us  in  the  days  to 
come. 

God  bless  the  other  garret !  I  found  my 
Eden  there,  and  it  abides  with  me. 


El^FORTS  OF  A   GENTLEMAN  IK 
SEARCH  OF  DESPAIR. 

Ma,  Blackbrook  lived  in  a  world  of  Ids 
owiL  It  was  his  pleaaure  to  believe  that  men 
were  phantoms  of  a  day.  For  Ufe  he  hm\  the 
utmost  contempt.  He  pronounced  it  to  be  a 
breath,  a  sigh,  a  fleeting  shadow.  His  per- 
petual theme  was,  that  we  are  only  here  for  a 
brief  sp.ice  of  time.  He  likened  the  uncer- 
tainty of  existence  to  all  the  most  frightful 
ventures  he  could  conjure  up.  He  informed 
timiti  Imlies  that  they  were  perpetually  on 
the  edge  of  a  yawning  abyss ;  and  wai*ned 
little  boys  that  their  laughter  might  be  turned 
to  team  and  lamentation,  at  the  shortest 
notice.  Mr.  Blackbrook  was  a  welcome  guest 
in  a  lai^e  serious  circle,  iVom  his  youth  he 
had  shown  a  poetic  leaning,  of  the  most 
serious  order.  His  muse  was  always  in  deep 
mourning — ^hia  poetic  gum  oozed  only  from 
his  favouinte  graveyard. 

He  thought  "I^' Allegro"  Milton's  worst 
performance ;  and  declared  that  Gray's  '*  Elegy 
in  a  Coimtry  Churchyard  "  waa  too  light  and 
frivolous.  His  life  was  not  without  its  cares ; 
but^  then,  he  revelled  in  his  mi^ortunes.  He 
was  always  prepossessed  with  a  man  who 
wore  a  hatbajid.  The  owl  was  his  favourite 
bJrcL  A  black  cat  was  the  only  feline  gpeei- 
men  he  would  admit  to  his  aombre  apartment ; 
and  Ids  garden  was  stocked  with  yew-trees. 
He  revelled  in  the  charm  of  melancholy — 
he  woiUd  not,  if  he  could,  be  gay.  Hia  laedi- 
tations  raised  him  so  great  a  height  above 
his  &mily,  that  little  sympathy  could  eidst 
betvreen  them.  Eternity  so  engaged  him, 
that  his  brothers  and  sisters — mere  phantoms 
— did  not  cost  him  much  consideration.  His 
youthful  Lines  to  the  Owl,  in  the  course  of 
which  he  called  the  bird  in  question  **a 
solemn  messenger,"  "  a  dread  image  of 
the  moral  darkness  which  surrounds  us," 
"  a  welcome  voice,''  and  "  a  mysterious 
visitant/'  indicated  the  peculiar  turn  of 
his  mind.  His  determination  to  be  misei^ 
able  was  nothing  abort,  of  heroic.  In  his 
twenty-eecond  year  a  relation  left  him  a 
modest  fortune.  His  friends  flocked  shont 
him  to  cougi-atulate  him  ;  but  they  found  him 
in  a  state  of  serapliic  sorrow,  searching  out  a 
proi>er  rhyme  tj  the  urn  in  which  he  had 
poetically  deposited  tlie  ashes  of  Ids  bene- 
£actor.     On  looking  over  the  lines  he  had 


h 


I 


diiliH«d  iF«m  Itia  prostrate  hmrt^  bis  &ieiu.1fi, 
to  th/tir  aiiiooifihment,  diaeovtuned  that  lie  had 
alMid  to  the  beqo«8i  in  ({iwstioa  id  tha  moet 
«QattmptuoiH  struu  >— 

Why  leave  to  one  tlij  velvet  and  tbj  dros?, 
"WhoMi  w«Ajth  b  bouadtosis,  and  whoso  valvei'ti 
! 


tu^sis  a  punish- 
in  &  fit  of  ab- 


00  mn  Uia  poetic  oomnMiitauy.    Hia  boiuidlcM 

weijth  coDffiAted  of  inteUectu&l  trenrorea 
aeluatvelj,  and  the  sweet  dedanU^on  that 
mow  waa  lut»  relvet,  was  meant  to  convey  to 
the  reader  the  simpUcity  and  Arcadian  nature 
of  hi^  habitfl.  The  relation  who  had  the 
asHTinn'^"  io  !flAV«  him  a  fortniie,wai«  dragged 
rem- 'I  ■     ,•    ^   .     ;.-.     ■ 

men 

■trrn  nn>r, 

Goii'  the   will  : 

illgL  '.^   *1-   i:.^ 

com  I 

ir^  '  '  -,        ;     ,.  ■     ...  '. 

Wfta  with  woe,  that  it  was  a  tbIq  of 

tear  t,    tiite,   cont«mptible    maJtiktf. 

The  grut:U  oi  ilia  houto  and  relations  lumiflKl 
him  ;  the>'  interfored,  at  every  twiL  wltlt 
Ww  melmicholy  mood.  He  aigh*<i  for  tne  fato 
of  Byi^on  or  Chatterton !  Why  wna  h« 
doofj'  '  *      "'^ee  regular  meaJa  pw 

dieit  <  JQ  a  mtther^bod,  and 

the  IV.  .u>j.-  .  . .;  »-  v  mattrwee* ;  to  havi? 
a  now  coat  when  he  wanted  oue ;  to  have 
iDonuy  continunily  in  hia  pocket,  and  to  be 
■loceptod  when  he  made  an  offer  of  maariage  1 
The  fates  were  obvionaly  amunst  him^  One 
of  hia  aistem  fell  ia  lore.  How  hopeftilly  he 
w»teh*'H  thf?  wurw  of  her  paaaioo!  How 
Ibiidl  red  near,  in  the  expectation — 

tbe  i  jjociatiou — of  a  lovers' quarrcL 

But  hti  ^k^rx-r  had  a  aweet  diapoiiito — a 
niotUh  made  to  distil  the  gtnitteal  and  roo«r 
tender  fircentfl.  Tlie  courtahip  wogre«se«] 
with  uiiusuiil  hanuoiiy  oii  both  aides.  Only 
oncf  *lii5  r,,i  I  un.' riTtrMJii-  ( . »  iVivour  hiiii.  One 
ewii  lovers  avoided 

tuah  Now  wna  hia 

3>fNjrliini<y  ;  and  in  the  stiil  midnight,  when 
1  thr-  iTT^mbors  of  hia  iioiisehold  were  in  bed, 
h*' \>  it  in  h is  chamber,  rmd,  by  the 

midji!  hrew  Urn  aoiil  into  some  plain- 

tive   lUMK    "On    a    lister's    Sorrow."     He 
raouiTied  for  her  in  heart-breaking  ayllable«  ; 
liken    ^   '        '  '       n  adder  in  au  angftl'a 

]tatli  jjey  eyes^  her  st^ly 

f»"i  .....    ...sic  face.    He  doomed 

f  quiet  dcspfiir,  and  saw  her 

i    tho  gayest  of  the  gay.    He 

ojiiciu^ii^^d  with  the  consoling  intelligence,  that 

he  would  go  hand  in  hand  with  her  alon^  the 

darktMjeil  fassiigo  to  the  grave.     His  eisterj 

howevt-r,  «li«l  not  avail  hei-Belf  of  this  proAured 

'    rather  to  be  recon^- 

:  'ver. 

iM  Miii.i  Home  consolation  for 

ihi>*  in  the  composition  of  an 

epith....!. .    .  ...L  inofit  dolefni  character  on 

tiie  ocwuiion  of  M»  aieter'a  nmrriagej  in  tlie 


con 

tlii- 

hfNUl 


l»zid> 
we  all 
tow  cm 
■mially 

M  %rttiitlM 
Irowned  hia 


upon  taa 
Elebe  (akM    ,  J 

mioi'iuMi     PI 


at  iUiV  ]Hi-Kj*i  ol 
die ;  that  tho  bi m 
thr  .  . 

oh. 

elwiee  part» 
aoTTDW  m  a  di..  ... 

When  for  a  she  i  fo 

the  ezpreaaion  of     ;  if 

he  ever  allowed  that  it  \vb«  a  i  he 

Quickly  relapsed  into   cougeuml  id 

aiscorered  that  there  might 'Iw  :i  1 1  ^  tn 

within  the  m*xt  half-hour.     His  •  it 

wa-         '  '  !  tt  hin  mat. 

fail/  Horeh 

"    "  '\    lli^  jn.»rx]r   ':;ill», 

ulit  WAM  gTU.ll«nKi 

1    '"^phew  laid  a 
deek,  sad 
IJirge.*'  Ha 
began  by  attt  i  the  virtuea  to  bar 

devoting   alx  iu-s  to  each   aeparaia 

virtue.  Her  i»er»o;i  aeit  engaged  hie  atten* 
tion,  and  he  (liscovered,  though  none  of  her 
friends  had  ever  reauurked  her  snrpnaaiin 
lovelineae,  that  her  atep  was  SiS  the  breath  A 
ike  anrnmer  wind  on  flowers  (certainly  no 
gardener  wonld  have  trusted  her  upon  bia 
boT-'^ f'*"*^^ :  that  she  '^^'^  fw^-^'i^  is  Hf^be  (i 
al\^  /:Lsted  in  b<-  i^had 

tettk  ,1  ,.  icutiat  has  ...,.  ...-^ly 
us  that  they  were  mafle  of  the  vefy  best  ivory^  \ 
and,  tinnlly,  that  her  general  deportment 
waa  moet  ebarmmg—eo  dmrmiag  timt  Mr. 
Blaekbrook  never  dared  tm«t  himself  in  h«r 
seductive  presence.     H>  '<feded  thoa 

far    with    his    melaiicli  the    poet 

lusarty  supper    ot    thn    ituavieat   ooid 
,  and — we  had  almost  written— went 
,,,   ,„-,,— but  we  remem'    -  ''■*    "-    Bhbak'^ 
bnxiik  always  *'  retired  t  oudu'* 

He  rose  betimes  ot)   th  rniagt 

looking  moet  poetj    '      |  ireanui 

had  been  of  woe,  un'i  ..i-ni.'  ■  ■Icatli; 

the  pudding  had  had  the  desireti  e <  in 

he  placed   himself  at   his  desk,  .<  itg 

read  over  the  prefatory  lines  which  we  haw 
endeavoured  to  describe,  Im  threw  his  fh>» 
grant  curl  from  his    ii  '       '       \\\ 

thought  of  the  funeral  \  11, 

—of  ^ief  acute,  and  the  uiisumi,,-  juw.  Jla 
put    hid    aunt's    sorrowing   circle  in    every 

Eoeaible  poeltion  of  deanur.  He  represented 
is  snrvivinff  tmcle  aa  tWeatening  to  paaa  thm 
serene  portsda  of  reason  ;  he  diaaovered  that 
a  dark  tide  rolled  at  the  unhappy  man's  feet ; 
that  the  sun  it<9elf  would  heneeforth  look 
dark  to  him ;  that  he  would  never  smile  ^gam; 
and  that,  in  all  proi*nH1it y,  th<»  nhrond  amdii 
soon  enwrap  1  If         xt  pso* 

ceeded  to  di^s  t«an» 

of  hia  cousins,  ana  mo  icrnniC'  uarKiieaa  ihal 
had  come  over  their  bright  ycnmg  dmrnxa. 
Au  aifeetingaJlnaian  to  his  own  itnftMthamahia 
grief  on  the  occasion,  waa  csoacWad  hf 


II 


EFFORTS  OF  A  GENTLEMAN  IN  SKARCH  OF  DESPAIR. 


371 


He   might  Boon  join  hit   sainted 

it   Iw»  had  never  taken   the  lenst 

tr  I'  a  viait  whUc  she  lived  in 

fei     .1  L     Tliifl  touching  dirge  "was 

pno^vd  iu>uii  moumini^  pAp^r,  and  dlstHbuteU 

atatma  Mr.  BUckHrook*s  friends.  The  denth  of 

incident,  but  »tiU  it 

^pair.     Mr.  Black- 

attiiiiTjij-place   was  the  edge 

His  muBe  must   be   fed   on 


im  mint  was  an 
Ibtl  Rkort  «f  the 

tr    -  nral 

ot  ice. 


albark  ;  he  declare*}  thiit  when  th**  ]>lcasiire- 
piurty  emlvirked  &t  Richmond  T'ri.l  t.  1  Uviih, 
the  leAii  fellow,  wrb  standing  \  ach 

with  his   wet^pou    upraised.  •    de- 

scribed the  death;  and  gome  of  im  friends 
declared  this  pasaage  the  best  in  the  poem. 
Ho  then  w«nt  on  to  inform  bis  readei's  that 
all  waa  over;   but  bj  this  expr^55sion   the 
reader  must  not  infer  that   t' 
broup^ht  to  a  conclusion.     By  n 
uuws,   hopeieas    agony,  and   other  p'-  '^       '   '  ^  »      le  up  his  luiriM 
condimenta    of  the    same    aerioual  fed  at  least  on  > 

Tlie    courser   of    mo*lem    life    waaM:,,.  ..lieqnate  e3qiress:  ...      ,.._ 

for    his    inapetnons    spirit  ;    hut   hud  devoted  twentv  t^>  the  d«aith  of  a  flv — 

deaei'ved  one 


i»  th«-  ab«eaoe  of  that  terrible  condition 
to  which  he  aspired,  he  caught  at  e\'ery 
incident  that  eould  nerve  the  pinion  of  his 
moae  for  grander  flights.  A  dead  fly,  which 
h&  foxmd  cruahed  between  the  leavee  of  a 
book,  furnished  him  with  a  theme  for  one  of 
iUB  tenderest  compoairione.  He  s])eculated 
O^n  the  probable  cartier  of  the  %, — opined 
that  it  had  a  little  world  of  ita  own,  a  family, 
gff^A  '^  a^.n«.i  r,f  tKu  1  H.-.ut iftiL  Thls  etfusion 
til  >Hj  tlrnt  he  followed 

it  ^  '        «?  Dust,"  in  which 

ht  t  be  mysteries  of  these  aahnidoiiJiis, 

mi  •d  the*  myriads  of  Ihres  that  Wttfe 

nciiticeil  to  give  a  momentary  esjoymant  to 
the  "  pampei*ed  palnte  of  man/'     His  atten- 
wjia  cl"     '    '     A   ver,  from  these  minor 
tic  conf-  to  a  matter  approach- 

m  its  j^'ravii  V    I'j  that  heroic  pitch  of 
which  he  had  sought  so  unsnccessMly 
biiherio, 

Wi»  oouain  was  drowned  by  the  upset- 
Ung  of  a  pleasure-boat.  At  such  a  calamity 
it;  was  reasonable  to  despair — to  refuse  com> 
Ibrt — to  leave  his  Imir  unoombefi — to  look 
instantly  on  the  gr<:iiund — to  lose  all  appe- 


surely,  then,  a  female  cousin 
hundred.  This  logical  reflection  spurred 
liim  on.  He  pulled  down  tht?  blind^,  nnd  i!i 
ft  gloom  that  gitited  well  ^ 
of  mind,  he  befj^nn  a  pict^ 
With  the  aid  ofhia  diet  ion 
that  the  shroud  enwraj*} 
he  reflected  that  he  envie.i  t  u.c 

winding-sheet,  and  was  J ealoii  i  ma. 

He  felt  that  he  wm  wi""'«!  '  »  •"' 

He  tried  to  think  or 

the   remains  of  his  ,  v 

be  ;  and  having  carefully  referre<i  to  an  emi- 
nent medical  work  as  to  the  length  of  tinm 
which  the  human  body  requires  to  resolve 
itself  into  its  original  earthy  (for  he  was  pre- 
cise in  his  .itatementSj )  he  proceeded  to  describe, 
with  heart-rending  faithfnlneea,  the  various 
stages  of  t^is  inevitable  decay.  That  hm 
true  poetry.  He  declared  that  the  worm 
would  crawl  upon  those  i'**^  '^^'^^  the  lover 
had  fomUy  preascd,  and  t  i  nd  which 

once  toucheil  the  harp  so       ^  wrui  now 

motionless  for  ever.  Havina  brought  this 
tragic  description  to  a  conclusion,  he  pro- 
ceeile<l  to   number  the  flowers  thnt  shouUl 


lite  —  to  write   flawing  verse.    Mr,  Black-  spring  from  his  couain*s  grave,  fvnd  to  pro- 


brook  entered  upon  hie  vocation  with  a  full 
sense  of  its  heroism.  At  least  one  hundred 
lines  would  be  expected  from  him  on  so  tre- 
mendous an  occasion*  The  catastrophe  was 
eo  r'«k<-^i '^i  '  The  sea-weed  misfht  have  been 
1  •  enl^Lngled  in  the  golden  tresses  of 

tl:      I  ^irl,   had  the  accident   happened 

^oniy  a  little  nearer  the  Nore  ;  and  the  print 
<jf  her  fair  form  might  have  been  fiiint ly 
ti'*ced  ufKm  "the  ribl>ed  a*ar«ttid."  This 
was  unfortunate.  In  reality  the  "  melancholy 
CM  *  took  place  at  Richmond.    Mr. 

1.  b»*j,ran  by  calling  upon  the  wil- 

lov>-,  Ml  initliiiioud  and  its  immeaiate  vicinity 
to  dip  their  t<»nder  branches  in  the  stream 
in  token  of  their  grief.  Mr,  Blackbrook, 
felicitously  re  mem  wring  that  Pope  once 
lived  not  far  from  Richmond^  next  invoked 
thai  poet's  shude,  and  l>egged  the  loan  of  his 
melodiotts  rhythm.  But  the  diade  in  qucs- 
tSon  not  answering  to  the  sununona,  all  that 
remained  for  the  aorrowing  poet  to  do  was  to 
take  down  his  dictionary  ot  rhymes,  and  tone 
his  <pwn  Ijre  to  its  most  mournful  cadences. 
He  set  t»  work.  He  caLleil  the  Thames  a 
raatlream ;  he  christened  the  wherry 


mise  that 

from  year  to  yecvi 

Koses  shall  flonrisn,  moisteood  by  a  lerir. 

This  vow  evidently  eiued  his  heart  a  little, 
and  enabled  him  to  oonclmle  the  poem  in  a 
more  cheerful  sjnrit.  He  wound  up  with  the  re- 
flection, Uiai  eare  was  the  lot  of  humanity,  and 
that  it  wa*  bis  duty  to  bear  his  proportion 
of  the  common  load  with  a  patient  though 
bniiseci  spirit.     He  felt  that  to  eompl''+»  bis 
poetic   destiny   he    ou^ht   to    wander,    none 
knew    whithtr,    and    to    turn    up    only   at 
most     unseasonable    hours,    and    in    moat 
Bolemn   places.    But  unhappily  ha   wae    in- 
formed   that   it    was   neoessaiy    he    shouIJ 
remain  on  the  spit  for  the  proper  man 
ment  of  his  atTftirs.     Fat^s  would  havt-  i 
Why  was    he    not    allowe<i  to  pu 
destiny  i    He  wss  one  day  mentailv 
the  even  tenour  of  his  w»y»  when  :i 
friends  suggestivd  tltat  he  should  ji 
eflhskms.    At  first  b  rL-fuseu      >vfuit 

was  fiune  to  him— o  ies pairing  man 

on  the  brink  of  the  ^m  a\  ^       j  i  id  iVieuds^  how- 
0?«r,  prened  Mm  in  the  end  into  compUauce  ; 


luce ;  M 


imdiri  iitu»  limti  Mr.  BUckbruok*«  "  LitVDropa 
ttijtu  till)  Ht'iu'i"  woiv  ntfcreil  to  tho  [iiiblic 
for  tlin  rvi  iov>  of  ten  nliillmgti — Uul«  more  thnit 
un*»  •lullini'  !«*'»•  «hMj\ 


An   *' 

Jr.  v. 


tht^    foLlowing 
•  '"'     rcprr- 


JS^v.V.ls 


14> 

lilt 


or.     ili^  - 


le&s  materialists,  Terse-makers  without  a 
of  the  WautifuL  They  are  patroiibed  by  those 
to  whom  they  write  down  ;  and  the  eflect  ot 
their  htcubrations  m  to  enchain  the  imn^tiHr 
tion.  (u  debaiie  the  moral  ca|'  'in 

that  spiritual  faith  which  cli 
of  the  churt'hyard.  Mr.  Bl 
tnrva  iu  aeareh  of  de«|jair  ^  • 

,,uv  n.In.T    in  n  r.  ,1,M  J.  .rMl,-,! 


Hppl»u»o  of  a  fuoliith 
it  ten  that  Chattertou   u 

'\    miserably,  whik 
•  iii  to  his  domestic  u : 
til  at  picture  of  a  ver»e-wT^( 
ve  endeavouretl  to  delineate. 
— y  vanity  is  allied  to  vc*  > 

I  he  combtnatioti  15  an  unwholesome, 

vv^^k  and  deformed  miad : — stidi  a 

:    BlaekbroolL    He  endeaTOUt*  to 

:\  \iMili,  wheB  we  would  T^e^sitd 

c't  of  deatk    Aak  him  to 

'^tery,  and  he  poiiits  to  the 

an  0aggc«t  ibt  nat  qC 

.t»  of  aelMeilmcliQfii, 

r  li^r'  aad  Ttyliim  Ink  oi  att 

imjktic  actor.    W«  bavt  no 

^   nc^  ainoc  we  find  thsi 

as  o^portunitiea  §tt 

.t«^«ir  is  wdenma  10 


>  tbesta%  audita 
ji»W  be  eu  thrmr 


earth,    liatare  to  htM  ia  oftH  a ' 
house — ao  coBttaveUM  tJflii  he  ^ 

mand,  eontu^  the  gaav  of  4eaaj.    Bat 
Iha  aool--hidBalook 


LIGHTHOUSES  AND  LTGHT-BOATS. 


373 


>i 


W^ 


Then  think  of  those,  wlio,  fomi'd  of  kmdred  clay. 
Depend  upon  the  doles  thy  bounty  scatters  ; 

jLnA  Oo«1  will  bcsir  them  for  Ujy  welfare  pray— 
They  are  His  children,  though  in  rOiKBttod  tatters. 

LIGHTHOUSES  AND  LIGHT-BOATS. 

Whesc  the  winter  fire  blazes  redly  on  the 
eartaiDs,  antl  the  happy  fiices  assembled  in 
the  ivKJin  ;  when  the  Uble  is  spread,  and  the 
■ofti  "wheeled  round,"  and  the  whistling 
ytiuil  U  heard  without,  riftin;^  to  n  cale, — then 
may  we  well,  aa  we  often  do,  ijcthink  ourselvea 
of  the  inany  auxioua  eyes  out  at  sea,  which 
are  atriiiued'  to  catch  a  glimpse  of  the  well- 
known  "  light "  that  befriends  the  sailor  on 
Ha  pathlcfla  journey. 

Our  co;ist  is  aoVell  furniiihed  with  light* 
houstes,  that  thi«  is  the  first  of  oiir  arrangements 
vrhich  strikes  foreigners  with  admiratiou  aa 
they  approach  our  snores ;  but  so  dangerous 
is  tiio  whnlrt  navigation,  so  beset  with  rock^, 
sunken  ledges,  howling  forelands, 
"  ^^  crescents  full  of  ^t hered  bln^ts," 
thut  the  sudden  withdrawal  ol^ a  single  ** light*' 
from  an  uuportant  {wsition  would,  in  all  pro- 
bability, be  tlie  cause  of  hundredfl  of  snip- 
wrecks  in  a  single  night. 

When  there  is  a  brisk  wind,  and  the  night 
thick  and  hazy,  ^ith  what  stnuning  eyes  do 
men  at  sea  continue  to  gaze  in  the  direction 
where  the  hoped-for  light  is  expected — and^ 
Low  ofUu^  Ln  uie  wrong  direction  1  In  small 
merchant  crafU — a  schooner,  for  instance^ — 
when  the  number  of  hands  amounts  but  to 
the  master,  the  mate,  one  man,  and  a  cabin- 
boy,  and  hU  other  "appointments,"  in  the 
way  of  charts,  and  compasses,  and  anchors,  is 
in  the  same  poor  condition  ;  how  exciting  a 
time  is  that,  when  the  *'  light "  which,  accord- 
ing to  hia  calculation,  ought  to  be  rigible,  ia 
nowhere  apparent  —  his  vesiiel  running  last 
through  the  water — the  vdud  getting  ud,  per- 
haps to  a  gale,  and  liia  top-^aUaiit  siul  haji  to 
be  suddenly  taken  in ^  and  his  tjpnsail  reefed  I 
But,  where  ia  the  light  ? — the  master  and  the 
mate  caanot  see  it  below ;  can  the  man  or 
the  boy  aloft  Bee  any  ffigns  of  it  1 — No,  neither. 
Can  the  wet  and  ahivering  passenger,  who 
had  "ttirned  in/*  but  has  come  on  deck,  in 
hi«  drawers,  to  get  in  everybody's  way^ — can 
/i*  see  anything  of  the  light  which  ought  to  be 
somewhere  out  there  /  No  ;  he  sees  nothing 
but  haxe  and  mist ;  and,  in  fact,  his  ^ea  are 
foil  of  salt  spray.  Down  rufihea  the  roaster 
through  the  little  hatchway,  and  after  him 
hurries  the  ixiasenger,  with  &  Yaffue  no-notion 
of  helping  him,  be  kuowa  not  how,  to  do  he 
knows  not  what.  The  candle  has  got  uoeet, 
and  all  is  daikneaa  below.  The  lucifer-box, 
of  course,  la  not  in  its  place — it  haus  been 
ujiaet — tlie  mntclies  are  lying  about  on  the 
wet  floor  of  the  cabin,  ana  are  bent  and 
broken  in  the  vain  attempt  to  ignite  tliera. 
Now,  tlie  cabin-boy  comes  down,  and,  after 
his  head  liaa  been  well ''  clouted,"  in  the  daik, 
he,  at  length,  bellowingly  produces  a  light, 


by  some  inconceivable  process,  and  the  sluipe- 
less  mash  of  trodden  caudle  Lb  stuck  uurignt, 
somehow,  and  the  wick  lighted.  The  chart  is 
snatclied  from  the  locker — such  a  cliart ! — all 
diity,  grciisy,  tai-tie thumbed,  torn,  tattered, 
and  Ix^grimed — and  over  this  the  captain  lie« 
flat,  with  hit*  nose  ftlmost  touching  it,  and 
seeming  to  n^'mt  his  aearch  <r|uite  as  actively 
as  the  brown  damp  finger  with  which  he  goes 
Txjking  and  pointing  over  the  paper.  He 
tiuda  soon  enough  the  *irea<ied  Goodwin 
Sands — ^and  he  finds  the  North  Foreland 
Lighthouse — on  the  chart ;  and,  accoi\iing  to 
his  "reckoning,"  he  ought  now  to  nee  the 
"  light " — but  where  w  it  ]  He  rushes  up  on 
deck.  It  is  not  yet  visible.  Can  he  see  the 
gleam  of  the  Light-boats  off  the  Goodwins  I 
No — no  signs  of  them.  He  stares  into  the 
comrjaaa-bojt,  and  alters  the  \'eaiel'a  course, 
in  alar  ji — and  down  again  he  comes,  almost 
headloiig,  to  work  his  reckoning  over  again  [ 
and  again  to  throw  himself  with  his  elbows 
on  the  ragged  chart,  holding  a  bit  of  candle  in 
hia  fingers  which  he  has  snatched  out  of  the 
candle-stick,  and  dix^iiping  the  gresise  all  over 
St  George's  Channel — tiB  the  voice  of  the 
mate,  on  deck,  gladdens  his  ears  with  the 
tidings  that  the  "light**  is  visible — ^the 
"  beariuga  "  as  they  hxul  calculated — and  all 
right.  The  passenger  runs  up  on  ileek,  and, 
shivering,  in  his  half-attached  buttering  ha- 
biliiuenta,  descries,  with  jUv,  tlie  large  steady 
"  light  '*  of  the  North  Poreland,  which  forays 
its  Iieains  through  the  mist,  and  tells  them  idi 
they  want  to  know  of  their  position. 

Next  morning  the  passenger,  to  his  spreat 
content,  was  landed ;  and  idler  he  had  re- 
freshed himBelf  during  some  days  (and  of  jdl 
passengers  that  need  a  little  solace,  on  landing, 
the  passenger  of  a  merchant  schooner  needs  it 
as  much  as  any,)  he  felt  a  i^troug  desire  to  ex- 
amine closely  the  arrangements  of  the  "  light," 
which  had  been  auch  a  source  of  anxiety, 
and  subsequent  congratulation,  out  at  sea. 
He  accordingly  drove  over  to  the  North  Fore- 
land Li^ithouse — and  was  refused  admit- 
tance. He  drew  out  his  pur&e ;  but  was  re- 
quested  to  put  it  in  hin  {x>ckct  again,  and  go 
home. 

Thus  disappointed  and  admonished,  the 
visitor  retrained  his  steps,  and  af^er  mature 
eonstderation,  addressed  a  }>olite  note  to  the 
profier  authority  at  Ramagate.  From  this 
gentleman  he  received  an  order  of  avimis- 
aion,  and  the  same  evening  he  betook  him- 
self again  to  the  North  FordamL 

The  walk  being  gradually  up-ldll,  all  the 
way,  and  including  a  l>eud  in  the  road,  there 
was  no  sign  of  the  "  light,"  till  on  a  sudden 
tuni  it  was  discovered  in  all  its  beaming  alti- 
tude. Observing  it  now  more  nan-owly  as  he 
approached,  the  visitor  ncrceived  that  the 
glass-house,  on  the  top  ot  the  tower,  (some- 
times called  the  **  lanthom,"  and,  in  its  shape, 
closely  resembling  an  observatory,)  had  tufo 
front-faces,  so  to  speak  j  the  huups  being 
arranged  upon  an  obtuM  augle — one  set  ot 


in 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


fCoa 


fndtigtip-chiuinel,  nii«l  oiio  dowu-cliftunel 
— T«?f  tli »  powur  r»f  the  whole  'ft-otiM  nlan  he 
T  A  t^>ruii(lerab]«i  exteuL  h< 

i^n  pMaing  near  ton  i 
I  1 4  ihiitl  rvfl^'ctoni  at' 

!  ;  but  at  Hpachis  hi  ! 


lU  hajw  -. 
*Qi^r/  our  vUitur 

it  a  carcfiil 


ut>>< 
oil   1 


wtek- 

WOOll' 


scrntinr, 

'?,  h''  ■svti-s 


ruii^uicf!,  at 

...ii...; ....    1.;., 


iMWMAIi 

■ad  ho  W!v 

waa  Ilia  turn  f 


l^tn^ 


^' 


be  woflt 

that  were 

i  elres — oil 

1  ott/>n  for 

»in*.T«i,  clotlis, 

lAtea,  chaoioi* 

mc^  antl  many 

»>>|iltor,  brasa. 

-  \vi^*>,  a  thick 

in  a  dai^ 

,  j^«araace. 

ike  stood  stur-cne^ 

^me  mueSi  narrower, 

to  mnk  Unid  or  be 

I  Mild  wake  the  head 

le  to  bed  earlj,  as  it 

v^Titch.    The  visitor, 

'Land  a  fiueof 

d    his    toiling 

ai.-.rni    white, 

the 


];  the 
and- 

omt>  emral  waxmey, 

'the  UAt-room 

pa  led  up  to  a 

-*Tiinoq«  ■!»> 

luMmWoC 

-L  f nw«r  ia 

t  he 

.  the 


with  becoming  awe  npon  the  Jo^, 
baaloviv  piEi^i  it  op«i. 

Ba  Mad  hhaaelf  la  a  anaB  daaaher  loll 
4a  Qn/lk  ia  Mbhiw  wr  anea  ^feo  a 
ft^Me  Ukr  eaemnhMm.  atilv 

MM  il^ 

or 


Vpm  a 


hnl 


^■^»  "^w^  1^^^%  ^^H  m^^r  ^^^Bi 


for  a  oonstimt.  r- 

ciuTeuta,KTin!il..  i-j 

was  of  SI  ..%  and   bi                    h 

to  A(]tlii(  :i1    i\  Iith"                        u 

front  of  Lhc  1 1  s^s 

window.     Th.  it 

ho  might  do  t  i, 
with  a   revi'r 

j-preat,  gLi-...^  ,f 

.  that  made  hij;  u 

1     attenuated   •)  -e 

upon  ltd  dense  bit  of  darkutaia  wiiii  a  KVaiigQ 

recollect  ion  of  the  story  of  th"  fly  that  g;ot 

into  the  philosopher**  microscope*     He  Silt 

like  that  11  v,  and  waa  heartily  gia*l  to  lurive 

Iter  end  of  the  platform,  .n  "  ' y 

lie  steps.    He  nad  acan  •  >, 

uir  li    ^y  came  aomethinrr  ac-^  le 

wimlowK.   sav\  feU    oataide  '  ^' 

being  of  thick  plate-glasa,  no  "n.j ...  ,   ..  ..^  .. 

but  the  new-comer,  whatever    it  wiu^ 

evidenlly  cut  the  worat  of  it 

A  litt'  mnd  out^  \\ 

into  whi>  or  no  WW.  le 

fbond — lying  Ikt  on  its  hack—  < ) 

— beak  open — and  dead — a  .'  I 

owJ !    "Ah,**  said  the  lighA-ki-^p^  r  ,ti 

can  reach  further  oat  to  sea,  aod  1, 

than  any  yon  can  handle.  We  otitti  u.^vo  liais 
balcony  atrewed  with  sea  galls  and.  oClier 
birds  that  har-^  ^^m.^L:  themaalTet  dead  Jn 
the  game  sea.«i  }«rtrid{geB^  and  ^ea« 

santa  too,  fly  ;> '  ^  it — ther  eaa*l  renat  it 

— and  moat  of  tliem"  are  killed,  or  takenu 
Sometimea  we  find  nearly  a  boahel  of  larki 
lying  all  about" 

The  viaiior  fell  into  a  train  of  rdkc&iona  oi 
Iheae  &tal  inataoeca  of  irreantiUa  aUraciloii, 
whicii  lasted  him  all  thewmy  dowa  stairs  aad 
after  he  had  left  the  B^thoaoe;  ia  wludfc 
medxtatioa  there  paand  in  nfid  wnrymkm 
balbre  hia  iiaiwfBaAloo,  nunMvooa  %iM'  <^ 
muB  about  the  ttolh  aad  tha  ciadfi ;  aad 
Oind  aad  P^^dbe  (^peeiatly  P^qndM) ;  and 
•etrbttda  mahi^  acroa  the  boMev  bciaa 
to  El  0orado,  aad  fipdi^  I>fath  ;  «^_An 
and  CVopatra  ;  aad  learaa;  aai' 
and  Napoieoa;  aad  wHd-Aods ;  atid 
of  them  naofid    ami   a 


whtm  aebody  caa  «aft;  aad  ttlUaa'  m^^ 
Itnocavea  j  aaA  Hesriv^  loafa  akeot  btxui^ 
MdUaamliint-tta  a«MB;  and  aketJer*a 
'  OdetoaSkyki^  ^ftUbtiawlt]M 
id  hiiatrlfoa  tbe  t^eryiaf  fl»  cBS, 

ta^g*  tkTMTliottet  wiA  hie  a^MhtiMb 
dM  iniaffal  m  all  B|^ihiwiw  »  oayfr  cIm 
ttflK,  aad  laiaa  oaly  arilll  0m 
afllhe  aifliiiL  to  a  mmmgtt  the  1 
aajtsHl  «Mi*  ■  adiiuM  u  be 
talkat  wydThe  ■nwriiawi  In  ■■hfcfiMTha 

la  a  iwwiFia^ 
aagki,  villi  £Btt 


inckm. 


LIGHl-HOUSES  AiSl>  LIOHT-BOATS, 


379 


nothing, 


«tars  out,  and  thoee  mmo  of  the  lVeahest4ook> 
j^^.' .  ,-  ,.  -♦^..^.  through  tJie  thick  air  and 
]  e  homoD,  ^vhioh  is  all  glooBi. 

!',....„_.  ^'n^f•^'7^■•'^    frniii    ll/m   vniXkrons 

gloom,  at  r&l  urb, 

wliii^h  grBt»  .  and  then 

declineB.  aud  d,  U  had  been  yiaible 

bftlf  A    fniT^ntf  <lnrknes9   agnln   fcvr 

■lioiut  .ud  then  it  appears  again, 

tmA  '  )i    tha    game    j>lanetary 

*tT  ^    a    revolving 

*'  '  and  a  white 

I                   iiiii"  3  L»'..   I'L-'j    .tmi  one  white,— 

i^inrt-Tfor  the  revolving  **lightaj" 
:i  Vo  snppwed,  is  far  more  cewn 

1  }iat  which  exhibits  the  fixed 

but  all  these  difl^rences  fade  to 
in   conipamon   with    the   scientitie 
'^3  of  the  di^Serent  optical  ayBt-oms 
t)  obtAininff  the  largest  ainouut  and 
'   'Mit.     A  veiy  coodae 
i  ^1  as  much  tm  pos- 
1*  .111  w<r  >■  ■  ■,-  to  offer. 

Jhinp   con  t'  .•»  aimple   burner, 

send  foiLli  ,...,.^red  ra^-s,  illaminjig 
not  needed,  and  wasting  manj  /ayB^ 
wpward,  into  the  aky,  and  olao  hMOWtha  pljioe 
of  vision  of  those  wit  at  Be«r  To  correct  thia, 
reflectors  are  employed,  by  in«iins  of  which, 
a«oowiing  to  laws  wliich  cannot  here  be  di»- 
tmssed,  the  rays  are  concentrated  and  thrown 
in  the  gl-t^iil(fJst  strength  townrda  given  pointa 
on  the  horizon.  "Die  amoiint  of  laminona 
eifect,  1  r  '  '  '  "  -rflectors  in  fixed  "  Ugkta^" 
h»h*  to  be  abctut  three  hRm.- 

dr^d  i,^.:  ^.^j  t.^cij  greater  than  can  \m 
obtaiiMd  fi*oin  the  tmaaaiated  Dame ;  and  fi>r 
^08«  ki-ger  ones,  whieh  are  used  in  revolving 
"lights,**  about  four  hundred  and  fifty  times 
greater.  These  catcalations,  however,  will 
viary  with  tlie  difitancea  at  which  the  obaerva- 
tloH^  art<  t:iki»n, 

""  1  ire  of  these  reflectors  i»  a  very 

t>  s  proceaa.     It  ia  described  at 

n-iigtn,  and  with  mat  cleiim«a% 
I  J  i Deer  to  the  Board  of  Northern 

L;_^...  ^.ci  <Mr.  Alan  Stevenson),  to  whose 
excellent  Hudiraefntary  Treatiae  we  are  much 
indebted. 

In  lighthonsea  of  the  flnC  dasa,  the  re- 
fleoiora  are  made  of  Aeet  copper,  thickly 
p1at«d  inftltk  with  silver.  They  are  moulded 
to  a  paralxloidal  form  by  a  delicut«  and 
laborious  process  of  beating  with  mallets  and 
luumnera  of  various  forma  and  materiaK 
They  are  fi-equently  tested  during  the  opera- 
tion, by  a  ;/uuge  applied  to  the  back,  and 
another  to  the  concave  face.  Aiier  the  face 
Im  reeeinred  its  laat  poli^  it  is  toated  by 
pbcuig  a  bumer  in  the  fociui,  and  meaaunng 
tbeatren^h  o(  the  light  at  varioua  points  of 
tlM  reflected  eoniad  h^fmtu  The  flame  gea»- 
nU^  ttaed  ia  derived  from  an  Argand  fiuimtain- 
lannt 

lli'^  '  lights  ivBtdeaenbedia  called 

the   '  It  include*     '        '*    * 


tioDS ;  vix^  the  fixed  ;  tlie  revoivintr  white  ;  the 
revolving  white  and  reO  ■  *'  -  . ... .  i.  .,':^  red 
with  two  whites;  the  j  with 

two  reds;  the  flailing;  ti._._:-  j .  „:;  ;  the 

double  fized  light ;  and  doobie  revolving  white 
light. 

Tlte  first  exhibits  a  fixed  and  uniform  ap- 
pearance. Tlie  revolving  light  is  proiJnepd  hv 
the  revolution  of  a  frame  with  thi  "^ 

sides,  having  reflectors  ransed  on 
The  auocession  of  red  and  ntkite   iigius   is 
obvionalj  caused  by  tlie  rawwiafcian  of  a  frame 
presenting  different  lights  on  each  ai  ^      ■  ---j 
mg  to  arrangement — and  carefiiily  : 

the  sailors'  Aarta.  The  flaahing  Ii^.. .  „  , .  ^- 
dueed  in  the  aanw  manner  as  the  revolvijj^ ; 
but  haviDg  a  dlftrent  disposition  of  the 
mirrorBy  aora  a  greater  quiclmesa  of  the  r«!Vo* 
lution,  which  prodticea  the  effect  of  a  flaah  in 
the  darkness  once  in  about  five  seoonda  of 
time.  It  is  very  uaefiil,  from  its  striking 
diflfevenoe  to  other  lights.  The  intermittent 
Vgillt  bonli  smlde&ly  into  view,  continues 
steady  fbr  a  dk>rt  time,  and  then  8ud>ienly 
diaappears;  The  diflerent  coUmra  are  pro 
duoea  by  interpoatng  eolotizeid  ntedia^  which 
generaUr  absorbing  nearly  ftv^aevenths  of 
the  whole  li^t,  they  eannot  be  seen  from  ao 
great  a  distance  aa  the  white.  The  French 
tried  red  ^aas^  which  absorbs  only  four* 
sevenths  ot  the  light ;  bat  a  greater  improrre- 
ment  has  been  made  in  the  Scotch  lyifl^t- 
houaea,  by  using  ohimn^  of  red  ^aas 
instead  of  placing  coloured  media  in  fiont  of 
the  reflectors. 

Coloured  llgfate  are  only  need  for  the  ne- 
oestity  of  variety.  Next  to  <'-  ^'-^'-te  in 
power  is  the  red.    The  green  .*  ;«>  are 

seldom  used,  ex)pept  as  pier  nod  ;  i;:;hta, 

where  diatanoe  ia  not  required,  becnuae  these 
colours  absorb  nearly  all  the  rays. 

But  the  different  effects  previonaly  oimme- 
tated,  are  not  acoompljahed  by  ooe  eyatem  of 
optics.  Great  and  varioua  have  t>een  the 
stodies  of  lighthouse  optietanS)  and  inniunera- 
ble  the  experiments  that  have  been  mad«  to 

Erodnoe  all  the  varieti^  now  in  use.    We 
ave  spoken  of  the  catoptric,  or  r..n.,.>ti.,rT 
system  ;  but  to  Coodorcet  behrngs 
of  having  suggested  the  dioptric,  or  i  , 

system,  which  was  afterwards  rwimwl  ti> 
practice  by  Fresnel.  By  the  adoption  ol 
iensce,  he  not  only  accomplished  tbe  etfect  of 
fiashiug  lights,  but  tinally  devised  a  new  di£^ 
tinction  of  light,  viz.  a  fixed  lights  varied  by 
flashes.  The  great  lamp,  which  has  four 
V  '  -f  very  pectilior 
M  '.)  burn  in  the 

mafer jyghthooM,  ca!  >  <  •  .  i  ^  Cordnan, 

during  aeven  hours,  ^^  or  having 

the  wicks  raised.     ^         ,  t  he  same 

kind  of  lamp  has  been  known  to  bnm,  on- 
toudied,  in  some  of  the  Scotch  Lighthouses, 
for  the  eidraordinaiy  period  of  seventeen 
houn* 
Into  tho  intanaa  complexities  of  catoptric, 
dJaaatoptrie,  and  cata-d  optrio  eom^ 


I 


^ 


bmatioi»,  we  dare  not  Tentw^,  nor  into  their 
t«Uti\*e  iiirrit*.  0( the  ritiimmii*ivi^  practical 
advimUgos  of  the  two  tcms,  we 

thlill  iniMi'lv  x'l 


tluit  the        .  -v>4t<'iii  pn> 

i;ii?»  iimru  |>o\irvrful ;  wnile 
i<  maiires  a  moru  wrttiiii 
.1  i\ns  liifhi.  Tie  nccitlcnUl  ex- 
(inn  of  tlir  lamf»*  m  iUf  rntoptric 


witliout  I 

wiiffli  t]i«  mi.'  -'..i.Wnt  M 

tb»  «aEtiiMsnoii  <  '-^on- 

(Dileveil,  tofipvlh*  _  nomy 

ill  oil  (Vn-nj^'  aUivo  one  humlrwl  taxd  forty 
Tioumb  ft-vwir  lewa  tiuui  thr  ttthi^r  ^?v«ti"tn  of ' 
Ugliti^»  wiUk  some  fui< 

It 

li^ht      t'l      1110      llglll►lK^^H^5, 

BMiKt  li«  a  »impl«r  prooewa 
tMY#  juit  been  ckioriberl 
tern**  »   i^fropfiato   i 
th*  Hfpamtm  doc%  ncttiu! 
octagviukl    Lui! 


lhI  of  furniahinc 


nUt4^-plns3,  pi. 

work 

L    tt  iLUteit-btttJ.     They   ht^ 

fiUe.! 

r.\ud  Luuptn  ukI  parabolic 

refltv-            V 

^  strange  Kppeanutoe  theae 

\*0<M>.  I--.      . 

Idfih  Ike  iMftTj^Imikn-red, 

th  an  otdoa  gone  to 
Ud,  and  cmlkd  the 

-N.M 

— >  w  «  fintmte 

•ptc 

^^oTtbegrMtoet 

^  -  Mcmiljr  indiepen- 

mhl. 

T^ 

i  •(19  of  tleatfer  whiih 

thoBw.    Suid* 

emetkii  of  laj 

-ibl«,  ftre  often  the 

lioftU.    The  MUQkl 

'  '.udiiig 


IS  ueaiiT  nire 

NfloHf     to 
uta  occur^ 

h   «ftntiol 

"ilk  to 


.r,    Mr 
r  «W 

.^«  iii  the  kiftd  in  the 
i  oci  fta  extttMim  reef  at 


the  Lfiogiiecloc  Cinal,  and  indeed  to  aU  that 

part  of  the  Buy  <"»f  BiJWky.  Tt  w^*  <  f*vn>i*Uvi 
m  the  year  15M,  but  whs  not  con  ]\ 

1610,    iimler   Henri   Quatre,      'J  I-  ^ 

ia  one  huntlred  /md  rdnety-seveii  feet  in  hei|^hty 
jiud  consittts  of  a  pile  of  maaoiirv,  fonning: 
miccessive  givllcries,  enriched  with  fiilMteini 
and  frie7.<*s,  and  risitii*  abc>vc  enoi  other 
wiUi  gra«^     "  ''d  diftinel'         '""    -** 

gidlenes  1  by  n  ecu  r, 

whidb  teriiiiuutcH  m  uic;  Ifiiitcni.  luumij  ikie 
hue  id  a  wall  of  circunn^llatiou,  in  which 
the  light-keeper 'a  apiu-tmentfi  a«>  t' i^.i^^i ;  tJie 
wall  aerviog  nlea  aa  an  out'  tdoc^ 

W  reoeivifig  the  first  ahook  wavea, 

Tftie  tower  itself  contains  »  chapel,  and 
rnrioua  aimrtJiieuts,  and  the  aaoent   la  by  a 

-ious  staircaae. 

The  firrt  li^ht  exhibited  in  the  T<mr  fie 

■    ^  liy  bumiii     *  '"        "f 

r  at   th«*  le 

r,  in  the   i  '< 

:  wards  anl 

Altout  the  year  1780  M.  Lenoir waa  eotpbyed 

tn    substitute     parnbolotdol     rpflcctor^     and 
jib  ;  aadin  162:  '■-* 

dit.' !  r  I  uMtiU  uf  AuguiiUn  f  reaiMd, 

Si  NafraliTa  of  ute  UgfathoDM  on 

the    £dd)au>ae    Bocks  ia   f^  of  intcnBl. 
Thcae  rodcs  are  upwsatU  oc  utne  tnilea 
ta&ot  fram  th«  Baifi-Head  on  the  eoiil 
Gomwall;  and  from  the  amalL  exteoiflf  ^ 
■BifiMa  of  the  chief  rook, 
■l«itk»,  the  eonatmcitioii  of  ika 
vaa  a  woik  of  the  gMatesI 
fifil  erectioa  vaa  of  timber :  tt  wai 
\if  WiBsla&lej,  and  oaaBineiieed  in  iHMi 
waa  soon  fMUbd,  howaver,  thaft  the  aiA 
to  amudi  greater  hei^t  than  had  heett 
ctpated  ;  so  mnob  eo>  it  ia  aaid»  aa  to 
tinder  water   the  lantern,  though  this 
sixty  feel  above  the  rock, 
theantftva^  under  the  nuctsaili  ef 


.  On  the 
asHalaAtp 
Moe.wltb 


the  to'wcr  and  carrying  it  to  a 
Ha  Faised  it  to  one  hnndred  ai 
vhieh  was  too  Ujrii  lor  ila 

r«oezT«d,  and  Winstanky  « 
n,  aeeonDBoiea  by  ha  v 
aded  to  tnatitete  the  rsfn 
^ethoftha)inKinth,actonn  nrai 
that  it  carriMi  away  the  wbola 
poor  Winatanfey  and  all  hia  amirmiii,  evi 
one  €m  vno^a  penaoad* 

tbe  IsBBoltliM  "liebt''  nitsittg  lad  t 
yaiaMMnumsrottiloasofliena    na*'Vi 
-''-4wa^  nan-ol^war  wna  wiacbi 
tiaone  Bocks,  and  naar^  att 
Tarea   yents   seisw  i 


i^*%ht.' 


LIGHTHOUSES  AND  LIGHT-BOATS. 


377 


^ 


^ 


Trinity  Hau«^,  it  was  not  till  Jnly  170G  that 
the  conatruction  of  a  new  lighlliouj*e  waa 
commeucad.  It  was  uuiler  the  directioii  of 
Mr,  John  RudytMiii,  of  London.  The  towijr 
WSA  entirdy  of  timber,  and  ninety-two  feet 
high.  The  edifice  was  finished,  and  the  new 
light  first  shown  on  the  28th  of  July,  1706. 
It  continued  to  be  reguLirly  exliibited  during 
forty-seven  yefirs,  when  it  accidentally  took 
fire.  And  being  formed  of  such  combustible 
mttteriAla,  the  whole  fabric  was  destroyed 
AJ^.  1755. 

As  it  waa  quite  e\'ideat  that  a  "  light  "  was 
ftbeolately  necessary  at  this  apot^  and — etrange 
to  relate-— as  the  *^  authorities  "  had  now  really 
leanied  «ome  wiidoro  by  experience,  prepara- 
taons  were  immediately  made  for  the  erection 
o(  another  lighthouse.  On  the  Gth  of  April, 
1756,  Smeaton  first  landetl  on  the  rock,  and 
prepared  for  the  erection  of  a  lighthooae  of 
atone.  He  arranged  for  the  foundation  by 
cutting  the  sur&ce  of  the  rock  into  regular 
horizontal  benches,  and  into  these  the  founda-* 
tion  stones  were  to  lie  carefully  dovetailed 
or  notched.  The  first  st<»ue  was  Lai«l  in  1767, 
Th«'  tvtwer  measures  sixty -eight  feet  in  height, 
and  twenty-flix  feet  in  dirtuieter  at  the  level 
of  the  fii"st  entire  course  ;  and  the  diameter, 
nnder  the  cornice,  is  fifteen  feet.  The  whole 
18  a  work  of  extreme  ingenuity  to  obtudu  the 
grtAtest  amount  of  re&Listance,  and  unites  the 
two  great  principlea,  vii,  of  strength  and 
weight — or  cohesion  and  inertia.  The  first 
twelve  feet  of  the  tower  form  a  solid  mass  of 
masonry,  and  the  stones  of  which  it  is  com- 
poaed  are  united  by  means  of  atone  joggles, 
dovetaUed  joints,  and  oaken  treenails.  All 
the  fioors  of  the  edifice  are  ai'ched.  The 
"  light  **  waa  firat  exhibited  on  the  1 6th  of 
October,  1 750 ;  but  such  was  the  condition  of 
lighthouse  apparatus  here,  at  this  time, 
(tnoogh  Argand's  invention  was  known  in 
17H4»and  parabololdal  mirrors  were  used  m  the 
*'  lighU "'  at  Bidstone  and  Hoy  lake  still  eaj-lier) 
Uiat  a  feeble  illumination  from  tallow  candles 
waa  the  only  benefit  ilerived  from  this  noble 
Btnicture.  "In  1807,"  continues  Mr.  Alan 
Stevenson,  **  the  property  of  this  lighthouse 
atfain  came  into  the  hands  of  the  Trinity 
House,  at  the  expiration  of  a  long  lease,'* — 
during  which,  we  may  infer,  that  it  had  been 
let  to  some  veigr  unworthy  parties,  who, 
regardless  of  shipwrecks  and  loss  of  life, 
starved  the  light  and  pocketed  the  fees. 
After  this,  argand  burners,  and  paraboloidal 
i-eflecton*  of  ailvered  copper,  were  substitute 
by  the  Elder  Brethren  for  the  jobbery  of  the 
felonious  mutton  dips. 

Inch  C'ape^  or  Bed  Rock,  is  a  dangerous 
reef  on  the  coast  of  Scotbiud,  where  in  ibrmer 
days  so  many  vessels  were  wrecked,  that  the 
Abbot  of  Aberbrothwick  caused  a  float  to  be 
lixed  upon  the  rock,  ^ntlt  a  large  bell  attached 
tait,  so  arrange*!  that  the  swinging  motion  of 
the  waves  should  cause  it  continually  to  toll, 
and  more  especially  in  very  rough  weather, 
^utbey's  baUad  of  "Sir  Ralph  the  Hover"  is 


founded  on  this  story.    ^.^     -   v---    '-     - 
curred  here  in  more  i*ece!  i 

thatofthe"  York," seveiu, ,...  .,  ..l 

with  all  her  crew.  A  beacon  of  spars  wa«  then 
erected  by  Captain  Brodie ;  but  it  was  ao»;u 
washed  away.  A  second  beacon  waa  set  up, 
and  ^jeedily  disappeareil.  Afler  a  couBlderalile 
time  the  Commissioners  of  Northern  Light- 
houses brought  a  bill  into  Par U amen t  (in 
1802)  for  power  to  erect  a  lighthouse  on  this 
rock.  The  bill  passed  into  law  in  1806  (no 
hurry,  gentlemen — pray  never  think  of  hurnr- 
ing  yourselves,)  and  iu  August,  1807,  Mr, 
Robert  Stevenson  landed  with  Im  workmen, 
and  commenced  the  work  by  preparing  tlie 
rock  for  the  erection  of  a  temporary  pyramid, 
on  which  a  barrack-house  was  to  be  placed 
for  the  reception  of  the  workmen.  As  the 
rock  was  only  dry  for  a  lew  hours  at  spring- 
tides, the  men  had  to  reti*eat  to  a  vessel 
moored  oflF  it,  while  these  operations  were 
being  carried  on.  AHer  many  accidents,  and 
one  narrow  escape  of  the  loss  of  the  engineer 
and  thirty -one  workmen,  by  the  rising  of  the 
tide  upon  the  rock,  when  the  attending  vessel 
had  broken  adriil,  the  lighthouse  was  com- 
pletenl,  in  1810.  *'The  Bell  Rock  Tower  is 
one  hundred  feet  in  height,  farty*two  feet  in 
diameter  at  the  base,  and  fifteen  at  the  top. 
The  door  b  thirty  feet  from  the  base,  and  the 
ascent  is  by  a  massive  bronze  ladder.  The 
'  light '  18  a  revolving  red  and  white  light ; 
and  is  produced  by  the  revolution  of  a  fmme 
contaiuing  sixteen  argand  lamps,  placed  in 
the  foci  of  paraboloid^  mirrors,  arnuiged  on 
a  quadrangular  frame,  whose  alternate  faces 
have  shades  of  red  glass  placed  before  the  re- 
fiiectora,  so  that  a  red  and  white  light  is  shown 
succe^  vely.  The  machinery  which  causes  the 
revolution  of  the  frame  containing  the  lamps, 
is  also  applied  to  tolling  two  large  bells,  iu 
order  to  give  warning  to  the  manner  of  his 
approach  to  the  rock  m  foggy  weather."'  To 
see  this  huge  tower,  with  ms  two  different 
coloured  eyes,  as  they  emerge  tl«  '  Ip«j 
fog,  while  his  heavy  bells  keep  up  t 
monotony,  has  all  the  grim  effect  in  »v  mt  u  -..id 
romanceii  ao  much  dt^light. 

The  Carliugton  lighthouse,  on  the  coaat  of 
Ireland,  is  a  very  tine  structure.  It  ia  one 
hundred  imd  eleven  feet  in  height.  Very 
ardnoofl  efforts  were  required  for  its  erection, 
as  ihe  foundation  had  to  be  laid  in  the  rock, 
twelve  feet  below  the  level  of  high-wat^r.  It 
was  designed  by  Mr.  George  Halpin,  In- 
spector of  the  Irish  Lights. 

One  more  Lighthouse  must  close  our  de- 
scriptions.  Its  erection  was  attended  with 
many  vicissitudes. 

For  the  following  account,  we  ai-c  indebted 
to  Mr.  Alan  Stevenson's  Rudimentary  Trea- 
tise, preA-iously  quoted,  the  author  having, 
in  this  instance,  been  the  architect  and 
engpeer. 

Tlie  Skerr>-Tore  Rocks,  which  lie  slwut 
twelve  miles  W.  S.  W.  of  the  scaMrard  point 
of  the  Isle  of  Tyree,  in  Argyllshire,  were  long 


J 


& 


87B 


HOUSEHOU)  WOKDS. 


1  sailors,  owTtig  to  the 

il  Alike  to  the  yeMek 

of  which  no  i 
been,   or   t'*niKl    liavi^    l>etm,    rend<t?retl.      Tij. 
Ctujirni^^ioiien!  of  iho  North*»rn  lAwhtbrm*!*', 
hful 

of   .  : 


mirrey  of  the  r  i  by  the  Bcuird 

^0»a*l  thPT  1  rmtr  the  inter^ 

) — that  tl:  ndertaking 

li',    but    I J  vrork   -wnB 
enter  ttiiijcd. 

The  rtef  is  eompo«?cd  of  nunierous  roeks, 

worn  sfti'     '            '  :iu»  pUwea, !     *' 

Incessant  in  other - 


k«ftrd  bat  howling  viada  and  loahii^  ma^m.  At 
iMch  acMODS  much  of  our  timo  WMSMitiB  bsds 
&r  thoTO  ttlooo  wo  hftd  tiboluiil  fth^tarteaitiM 
wiodfi  and  the  spivy,  wfalfih  Mwehed  «inti]r<onnBy 
in  tlio  walU  of  tk*  b<inw4L    Our  ^QMlm.  t«e, 

f  the  w»  orgj- 

oM    it.2    t.illnr-     :t! 


1  beca  cofM.  i* 

uiiiii  ijoi  Lwcniy  vjirtis  irom  OiiT  dweiiiitp,  luiu  tor 
ft  moment  M«Bi«d  to  AUUIfcOD  1M  to  »  NitcJllir  frte. 
oti  two  oooMiMMr  in  |Mitieabe.  CkMo  mmmitkam 

O    so  YTVild    M  to   CMUW    flllllOlt  •MTT  0B«   t» 

I  dig  out  of  bed  ;  nnd  nome  of  the  bm&  sod  bom 
iLa  barrack  by  a  tomnomry  gmiigwayr  to  the  xaanf 
rtabki,  but  kw  oomlorUbhi,  Bhclt«r  o&nrdcd  by 
the  bftro  wall  of  the  bghthauao  tovcr,  Uiim  uu- 
finished*  whore  tkoy  ipent  tho  romundor  of  th« 


Tl. 


f'lck,  in  9o 

r  frx'»m  the 

iided  with 

baiit   to 

I    their  biiildmg 

to  slecj)  in,  RH  a 

y    perilous 

At  len(?th, 

^••j.^   St  iip  erected   ou 


mera ;  wlule  the  ti 
njim^w  a  space,  wi<  i 
riak  of  rtvirtt^  spin 
mnrh   hnxiard.      A 

th€^    woi! 

/Old  also 

T-riM-l. 

iji     i  ">»-!,   u    Wuudcti 

the  rock* 

In  tlie  Kovf^"'*"^''  f<Jlr>uin<r  IV  prent  gale 
Arosi%   wliich  away  the 

barrack.  I e«viT,^  ita  mte  but 

a  few  broken  ami  twisrted  iron  atanchiona, 
*•  and  ttttaeht*d  to  cmo  tA'  them  a  portion  of  a 
great  l>e&in,  whioh  had  been  ao  ahaken  and 
Twtty  by  dajihififf  aerainist  tb«  ro^Aca,  a»  litei'aUy 
to  l■'e»eT^^''  "  '^^•  of  laths/'  Tlius,  in  otl^ 
niffbt,  th»  n.  whole  season's  toil  wer* 

oblitcnit«<i.  :ni  1.  with  them,  the  hopes  of  tht- 
men  fi>r  n  dwelling  on  the  rock,  instead  of  on 
Vioani  the  Ing^  whero  many  of  the  workmon 
Aiificred  constant  miseries  of  aea^dtiMBi. 

A  &t>cv>nd  barnick  vma  erentanUy  erMtad 
in  a  lo«a  exp>f<od  plnce,  and  of  additional 
atrength, and  this v,na  found 8iiffid«ntly  stable 
to  bmre  the  storm.  But,  what  an  abode  ! — 
and,  abo^'e  all,  for  men  comparatively  mineed 
to  the  sen.  Let  the  engineer  deeorifoe  it  in 
bta  own  worda  :— 


night  in  the  daiknaaB  nad  tho  cold' 

The  Sken^vore  Lighthoom  wm  nt  k*n^ 
cessfuUy  oomplett^.     Th«  heigiit     *    t' 
•M-  18  cme  bnndretl  and  thlrtVH?igli 

*ntityaftlMlM» 

1,        ,  .  .  ■]M  of  the  T.My- 

stone.    The  •  .' 

and  the  buH  b 

for  the  I 
attends    '■ 

aand  nine  hoiidicil  jUiil  k 

T!»e    light    is    revolvij  .  "i 

brightest  ttnte  odm  every  minute,  i r  t^  pro- 
da^  by  the  Mrvohitioii  or  el^tottreat  amntlar 
lenees  aromid  a  central  lump  wim  four  widsM, 
and  belou^  to  the  fir^t  ot-rler  of  FrmmA 
fi}'stem  of  dioptric  lights.  It  ean  be  mm 
from  a  Teedel'a  deck  nt  the  grent  distaaee  €€ 
eighteen  miles. 

Ilie  numb(!r  of  Li^htfr— fhced,  fimi&Bg,  mad 
harlxnir  lights — in  Bng:!rtmi.  k  rmr  htntir^ 
and    aeveiity-five.     In    ^  '  aervta. 

In  Irel-uid,  fiiatty.     Mak  ilierol 

*  Dodrt^d    ami   two    "^H^^nJO  tlie 

Kingdom.     Of  thesti^^^^^Kd  an«l 

i  w «"  I  n  ■.  -< Ml e  are  mi1>li  e  coast "  fiPH^^^^eiity* 

nine  boating  *'  hghts  ;  '  ncd  one  hmuiored  Mid 

fifUr-two  local  and  harbour  Ughta. 

In  thus  reviewing  a  ayrttm  of  eowt-Uglitt 
80  admirably  orgmuaed  snd  so  eflkstnUjr 
worked,  it  ie  with  very  great  regret  lliat  Wf 
touch  upon  eome  of  its  Unajacial  armni 


*' Perched  forty  feet  above  the 
Tiick,  in  UiiB  stDgular  nbod«^  the  writer  «f  thia 
litUe  volume,  with  a  goodly  company  of  thirty 
uwu^  has  spent  many  a  woaiy  day  axid  nigbt,  at 
thuHO  time«  when  the  sea  prevented  any  one  going 
down  to  the  rock^  anxioualy  looking  kit  supplies 
from  the  chore,  and  earnestly  longing  tor  a  oha&ge 
of  weather  fiiTourable  to  the  recommencoment  of 
tho  works.  For  tniloe  around,  nothing  could  be 
■MfQ  but  white   foaming  breaikeri*  and  nothing 


which  npi^ear  to  he  open  to 
tVauce^  America,  Ra«wffi,  jid'I 
the  "  lights  "  upon 
of  tlie  funds  uf  tl 
while  the  benefit  ot  i  m- 
the  wMe  Britiah  Nav^ 
fit  large,  the  entire  bardeii 
exeluaively  upon  the  meMhant  aiid 


rloran. 
iippcnrt 

COOMtM  Cmt 


'ji    ijjr^    ii»A>»vl 


owner. 


ih 


e  tax. 


arbitanaty  eoH  ot  w^^  (4leii    qat 
«lw«vi  vneqiially.    The  nfiieer 
number  of  **  lighte  "  a  TOBael  hns  , 
paasage,  and  Siai|^  aooordingly,  but 
derrly  defined  rule.      Sooie 


]       THE  CORAL  FISHERY  IK  THIB  MEDITEIIRANEAN. 


379 


pRBB  and  I'epMs  the  ligbthooses  hj  daj,  yet 
are  cluugeci  the  Boine,  A  email  veaeel,  for 
instAuoe,  be^oDgiag  to  the  EiUnbitrgb  A»d 
Buiulee  Steasi  CSmpfiuy  uever  pAsaes  hj 
P^..i.i  ,..  ^j]^  aitd  it  wus  found  that^  in  1843, 
tl  fioid  by  that  vcsaol  for'*hght«*' 

VkU.  -  nov^r    saw,  or   had   occasion    to 

Mft,  MDonnted  to  several  hundred  poundg 
Sn  fSwrty-iiiiie  wwka.  The  rule  tor  levj'ing 
Umi  iMX  IS  ako  uuf&ir ;  ttie  does  are  not 
dutfgwi  oc  tho  toTinTMT^  ftctnallj  Cfttriedf  but 
on  the  whi  i  vessel  could  cawTy 

if  nhe  wer<  ?  particularly  hard 

vjKXi  •oiali  c(uiMi«?f»,  wuu  II,  if  they  have  a  fall 
turgo  to  LondoiD,  etm  afford  it ;  but  as  they 
fian  fleldom  obtv'uii  a  full  one  in  retunmig, 
and  liulf  a  cargo  would  uot  enable  them  to 
deimy  the  "light  dae*,"  they  are  geaaimlly 
obliged  to  lefuBe  foiytfaiikg  short  of  a  loll 
oaiigpo,  and  i-etum  in  ballast.  Agaiiij  to  abow 
tbo  laeqiiallty  of  thc^  taxatioD^  let  tis  obusre 
that  A  ship  trading  to  the  East  lAdiea  or  to 
Chin/i  -i.  itd-ge  irmghtf  oocupies  about 

a  TAfoi  >  ag«  out,  asd  pays  only  a  few 

01  the  '  iigtus  twioe  during  that  time  ;  wlule 
a  eoRster^  whit:h  is  cotk&tantly  pasBoig  the 
lighthouae  on  her  voyncc,  by  day  as  much  us 
by  night,  and  eariie«  but  a  comparatively 
■mall  freight^  V^Y^  e*cti  time  ahe  passes  a 
"  Light/'  a  sotD  which  in  tiie  aggregate  ire- 
qiseutiy  anxnrotf  to  as  much  bb  five  or  six  per 
WBL  on  tiie  gross  freight,  and  sixty  per  cent. 
the  net  profits  of  the  ship.  "*  In  the 
1843  and  1844,  the  Trinity  House 
ivwi;*  says  Mr.WiUliiun  John  Hsdl,  "from 
the  roasting  tm  1  '    indred  and  twenty- 

six  iliouaand,  d^  and  seventy-three 


jK.,,'  1-:  :  while  !...._  .„.i.i»ea  Biitish  trade 
u  res  and  othfiis  ]iaid  only  mnety- 

8*  i  ^i.nd,  four  hundred  and   fifty-four 

mmai»f  and  forei^'u  ships  only  thirty-three 
ihottWfid^fcix  hundred  ami  forty^ight  pounds.^' 
H  ^CBoe  appears  that  the  tax  presses  uu- 
ai|tially,  aad  moat  ouerDualy  on  the  great 
anoB  <Mf  oommtrdal  industry  in  the  home 


their 


•*Iii  1841,"  continties  Mr,  William  John 
Hall,  **  the  Trinity  Board  received  for 
*  lights,"  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and 
thousand,  DiBe  hundred  and  fifiy- 
pemda ;  and  the  commission  ou  collection 
£ve  thousand  six  hundred  and  sixty 
pom^iB't  leaving  a  net  revenue  of  one  huudrtsd 
and  thirty-niiie  thousand,  two  hundrct.1  and 
ittiwty-iaur  poimds.  To  this  s^irj^hts  must  be 
added  three  tliouaaud  and        '  c  jx^undbi 

(or  buoyage  and   beacon&;j  After 

tkdttOtiB^  the  eKDfliiaes  oi  nuuxiu-nance  of 
'ligbta,*  oakriM.  ohaiM  ^ 4»3^  tlieie  still 
ttmmkmi  a  ourpliia  of  thirty-eight  thousand 
tSiree  haadred  and  sixty -four  [rfwnniili,  to  which 
■nst  be  added  rente  of  estates,  divKlends  on 
Hockr  tldngs,  bringing  the  amonnt 

iiptD  >  a  th<jUisaud,  two  hundred  and 

ttt^^ty^liv*}  pounds.  And  the  way  m  which 
it  ia  expended  is  stated  to  be — pensions  to 
poor  and  aged  aeomen,  Iwenty-uiue  thousand 


and  sixteen  pom 

the  Pension  L 

ture,  science,  ; 

and  cftBc&  on 

hondred  and  fi^^niv  .si\   juiij], 

El<l<er    Brethren,    seven    tho' 

.i;.ii.<r.r-4     two    thousand  two 


ee  pounds  **  —  (ahem  ! )  — "*  6«  Uiriea, 
H,  postages,  Ac,,  &o.  i^l'*" 
I'he  Ibregoing  atateme  i  / 

a  printed  "Letter  to  the  :  i- 

lent  Majesty/*  signed  "  -Im   Hall, 

Custom- House  Qimy,  %(I;i  '     \i  *^(ym 

into  many  estimates  :iui I              .    t  'rn^fiur 

fallacy  of  which  oiiJ:     i      i.      !  .    h     .  ,[ 

into.     Though  many  ul  r ;  1111.- 

tical  calculations  are  con!  1         s. 

prints  of  figures,  most  ui^^.v  :    1        t- 

rected^  hi«  argomeats  are  w^  r  1      i     t 

attention.  It  is  but  justice  r 
amidst  all  his  diarpes  of  tujj 

gance,  and  jobbery,  he  stillU/  i 
testimony  to  the  "brilliancy  and  effieieney  of 
the  LighW 


THE  CORAL  FISHERY  IN  THE 
JtEDITERRAXEAN. 

Ok«  ftne  morning,  iji  the  early  epnnff,  I 
WAS  standing  cm  the  "*  Marioa ''  of  the  Istand 
of  Capri,  vrhem  the  market  barks  were  leaving 
for  Kapler  The  people  were  descending  the 
heights,  laden  with  wine  and  <*il,  and  other 
pa*oduce  o^the  country,  for  tin  '      r 

capital,  and    what    between 
given  for  the  soleof  thf^ 
mission  for    pm*chaBe3  ii 
tbcam  waa  a  btutk  and  a 

naoally  quiet  spot    At   '  v 

new  and  painful  Miriety  was  given  to  tlie 
scse&e,  for  a  crowd  of  men  and  women  might 
be  seen  coming  down  the  rockv  stiurcase  of 
Ani  Capri,  the  hitter  carrying  boxes  on  their 
heaila,  and  the  other  paraphernalia  of  thoee 
who  were  about  to  enter  on  a  long  voyage, 
whil'it  the  men  were  !  r  -^  -u  before, 
spii'itless  and  silent     II  y  the  poor 

women  wept!     I  thougi  ry  hearts 

would  break  ;'and,  tlion  r<i  dimmed 

the  eyea  of  their  stemt  1  ^        .us.  iheii? 

was  an  assumed  indilfereDiN^  and,  at 
an  awkward  attempt  at  gaiety,  wLi 
clearly  indicated  that  tliere  was  gi'iel'  ui  thiuir 
hearts.  ''  What,"  aaid  I  to  a  fisherman,  who* 
vroA  standing  near  me,  '^  is  the  meaniug  of  sM 
this  sorrow?"  " Kccellenxa,"  rejilied  he, 
*'  these  men  are  about  to  Leave  for  the  Coral 
Fishery  ;  and  those  who  aooompany  them  ai'e 
theii"  wives,  or  motliers,  or  '  spoee.'  Poveri 
Qiovani  1^ — theirs  is  a  hai^  lot,  indeed— for  the 
next  aix  or  seven  months  they  will  have  to 
worik  like  dogs,  and  bvc  upon  bread  and 
water.  Before  I  would  bring  up  a  sou  of 
mine  to  this  trade,  I  would  ratlier  follow  him 
to  Campo  sikuito  !  "  The  whole  scene  and  the 
answer  of  my  mariner  interested  me  so  muck 


S80 


HOUSEHOLD  WOBDS. 


[C*aA«eiaihf 


P 


P 


that,  seating  myself  on  the  beach,  I  got  into 
comronuLiioii  vnth  him,  anU  elicited  all  Un* 
informiition  be  cotiJd  jrive  mo  ;  thUi  I  have 
lidiU^d  to.  much  that  I  have  coUected  from 
othei*  sources,  and  thrown  into  the  following 
paper. 

Tlie  principal  porta  in  the  Mediterranean 
which  send  out  vesselB  for  this  Fishery  are 
Gen (.VI,  Leghorn,  and  Torre  del  Greco,  about 
eight  miles  from  Naples  ;  and,  aa  it  was  not 
fai*  from  thin  Port  that  my  ultentioti  was  first 
awakened  to  the  subject,  1  shall  confine  myself 
to  Iho  tnvio  aa  it  \a  carried  on  there.  The 
hanlest  service  in  which  the  sjiUor  csin  be 
^ngaj^tl,  it  Is  either  a  school  for  the  young  or 
tlie  la8t  resource  of  the  poor  and  deajwrafce  ; 
and,  early  in  the  year,  numbera  of  these  two 
claasea,  from  every  village  on  the  cooat,  go 
over  to  Torre  to  engage  tnemaelvea,  and  tafcfe 
their  C'aparra — alaa,  that  CapaiTa ! — (a  jiort  ion 
of  their  pay)  ;  it  i*  the  price  of  Blaverv  for 
the  next  six  or  eight  montha  ;  and,  once  that 
it  haa  crossed  the  palm,  as  well  might  a  Vir- 
ginian alave  endeavour  to  throw  off  Mb  servi' 
lude  as  one  of  these  ()oor  Coral  fiahera  redeem 
his  lil^erty.  I  have  known  many  a  |X)or  fellow 
repent  the  step,  and  hide  himself  a<i  the  time 
of  his  suiTering  appronchoa  ;  but  sure  ia  he  to 
be  hunted  down,  and  brought  back  with  the 
tame  rigour  as  a  deserted  recruit.  And  what 
is  the  temptntion  to  bind  themselves  to  such 
a  fate  1  A  j>altry  sum  of  from  twenty  to 
forty  ducat^^tluit  is,  from  three  to  seven 
jwunds.  **  A  larcer  sura  than  we  can  earn  in 
any  merchant  8cr\nce,"  naid  a  Coral  fisher  to 
me.  And  what  is  the  treatment  which  they 
receive,  and  the  nature  of  the  service  they 
enter  ujKtn  ?  Thi»  I  shall  descrilHi  in  detail ; 
and  then  think,  ye  beauties,  with  what  toil  and 
enuring  have  been  purchaaed  the  glowing 
ornaments  which  adorn  your  anowy  boBoma. 
As  the  time  for  starting  appi*oachea,  all  who 
have  re€eiv»*«l  the  Uaparra,  and,  what  i«  worse 
too,  apent  it,  go  down  to  Torre,  and  get  the 
remainder  of  their  paltry  pay. 

The  scene  which  I  witue8»e<l  in  the  Island 
of  Capri,  in  the  month  of  March,  is  the  pit- 
tern  of  many  othei"S  occurring  at  the  same 
time  iill  round  the  Bay  of  Naples ;  and 
nothtiij;^  liave  I  ever  witueased  more  touching 
or  picturesque  than  the  Bori'ow  of  those  rude 
children  of  Nature.  "My  son,"  aaid  an  aged 
mother^  "  may  God  bless  you  !  may  the  ila- 
donna  accompany  yon  !"  and  she  laid  her 
hand  uix*n  his  head,  whilst  the  son  knelt 
down,  and  tr>ok  her  other  hand  in  hia,  and 
kisged  it,  the  very  cxtunt  of  the  affection 
which  Jin  Italian  exhibits  for  a  parent  Close 
by  stjod  the  "  fidanzata,"  orerwhebned  with 
grief,  yet,  from  the  reserve  of  custom,  not 
making  any  open  show  of  it.  Several  who 
were  wives,  too,  were  there  ;  but  they  were  of 
good  courage,  aa  they  were  going  to  accom- 
pany their  husbands  to  Torre  to  bid  them  a 
last  farewell,  and  receive — I  had  almost  said 
the  j>rice  of  their  blood — to  keep  their  houses 
together,  whilst  they  were  at  sea. 


At  th'»  P'wt  ..f  Torre  del  Greoo  :t  little 
fleet  is  :  each  of  from  to 

twenty    i  i    carrying    froi.i  to 

twelve  men.  Oun  p<>rtiun  of  tl^e  lS««i  is 
destined  for  the  BarWrj'  C'oost,  another  for 
that  of  Sardinia,  and  »ome  visit  cither  parts 
of  the  Medit>M'rancan.  Vows  Imve  heaa  made 
to  the  Madomm,  to  the  Fn!  is,  and. 

masseB  said.     Every  Viarlc   I  <1  the 

priestly  benediction*     The  Us  am 

ringing,  and  continue  to  do  u*  fleet 

is  leaving  tlie  shore,  whUat  thj ..  a*mony 

of  soundfe  is  increased  by  a  tteatiug  of  tam- 
bours, the  souudLng  of  a  hundrtd  toti  (oondb 
ahells),  and  other  instruments  of  a  similar 
chaj'acter.  In  short,  it  is  made  rather  a 
festive  scene,  tOi>  much  grief  V»eing  snpiKised, 
perhaps, to bringa '^cattiv' augtiri****  (ill  (uok)  ; 
yet  many  a  heavy  heart  is  bin  1  '  '  »g 

face.  Women,  of  course,  are  1 1  it 

situation  in  which  human  svn  {  t^ 

greatly  excited,  are  they  ever  ji  i)d 

the  pnrt  which  they  take,  was  to  i  )y 

new.    As  each  bark  lifted   itJ*  I 

glided  off,  a  group  of  women  l'.'i'^  n 

to  their  grief,  mingled  with  ul 

"auguri'  for  good  success  :  '  ke 

a  bark  of  the  angels  P"  and  thn.wi  i  -r 

and  sand  after  it,  again  they  cr}  ho 

abound  as  the  sea,  and  the  sands  ol  the  aeo.  *  ** 
The  last  baak  lifts  its  anchor,  njid  now  ther  an 
all  fairly  off,  and  many  an  eye  all  rouna  iht 
coast  is  on  the  stretch  to  catch  a  hiat  gUni|it« 
of  the  saihi  which  are  bearing  their  eoda] 
treaaurea  to  that  Ultima  Tlinle  of  the  poor 
people — the  coast  of  Barbary. 

On  the  arrival  at  their  several  deatinationiiy 
the  captain  lands  and  leaves  his  ;»auers  wit^ 
the  authorities,  not  unaccompanied  by  a  |if«- 
sent  for  tlie  Consul  ;  for  before  the  aeason 
breaks  up,  the  captain  may  want  juatic* 
for  himself,  or  the  liberty  of  oppressing  hi* 
crew,  and  a  douceur  to  the  grttat  maa  hi 
remembered  with  gratitude,  and  ooven  a 
multitude  of  ains.  Each  Iwirk,  too,  paya  oi& 
the  Sfirdinian  Coast,  for  medicine  and  medloal 
attendance,  seven  piastres;  wliiist  on  the 
Aft-ican  coast,  belonging  to  the  French,  a  boa* 
pit^d  is  established  where  advice  is  given 
gratuitoualv  :  on  both  atjiticns  eleven  piaatrea 
are  demanded  for  custom-house  dues  and  tha 
examination  of  papers,  lliere  is  another  paj* 
ment  to  be  made,  later,  though  I  iq>#^  of  it 
here,  in  the  form  of  a  tax  for  th*-  !  of 

fishing  in  those  waters;    on  tli  oi 

coast  amounting  to  sixteen  piaetj-ti^i  i*n  >'\^ry 
boat^  on  the  French  African  c^ajst  to  one 
hundred  and  eight  piaatres.  ^-'•"■'  'it»*t  oim 
half  of  what  was  demanded  '  and  a 

very  sure  and  knowing  way  ih.ritiiw 

have  of  collecting  it.     When  the  -  If 

over,  a  vessel  is  sent  out  from   i  •-n 

with  fresh  supplies  of  food  and  rope  ;  ihe  coral 
barks  then  push  in  to  meet  it^  when  their 
stock  of  coral  is  seized  and  detained  in  Uife 
custom-house  until  the  tax  hna  been  ttaid; 
on  the  demand  being  eatisfieil,  the  supfuyi 


CT»rt«  t».,ui».j       THE  CORAL  FISHERY  IN  THE  MEBITERRANEAN, 


381 


vessel    reeeWes 

takt^n,  T  !■ ■ 

All 
being 


all   the  tt>ral  that  has  been 

^  ;^  \ h  f,,  T'*rr^. 

,  and  the  boats 
they  would  be 


8*jize<i  and  contiscated^  away  they  push,  and 
commit  their  fortunes  to  the  de^p.  Wlien 
■well  supplied,  each  boat  will  have  on  board 
t  a.bout  twenty  cajitm*i  of  herop  fa  cantaro 
iiraouuting  ^:>  Ti»?arly  two  hundrea  pounds), 
with  which  the  snilors  make  the  nets  on  the 
voyage*  The  netj  which  h  made  with  veiy 
wide  lueahes  and  very  loose  in  the  texture^  is 
generally  nl-niut  eighteen  passi  or  yanls  long, 
and  one  wide  ;  the  wide  part  being  let  down 
perpendicularly  in  the  sea  in  order  that  the 
coral  rock  may  be  l>etter  embi'aced  by  the 
length.  The  fishing  machine,  however,  which 
is  employed,  consist b  of  tive  nets,  which  are 
arran^l  us  follows : — Two  sticks,  of  the  thick- 
_  nesa  of  a  man's  arm,  and 

each  ubout  two  feet  and  a 
half  (five  polmi)  in  length, 
jire  fiMtened  together  in  the 
form  of  a  cross,  as  in  the 
figure ;  to  each  of  the  ex- 
tremities, A,  Bj  C,  D,  i» 
attached  a  net  such  as  I 
have  described,  and  the 
length  lying,  of  course,  much  in  folds.  Under 
t!ie  centre,  E,  is  attached  a  stone  of,  per- 
Iiapa,  seventy  pounda  weight,  and  to  the  same 
point  is  attached  also  another  net.  The 
rope,  F,  c«'  Ith  the  boat,  and 

is  Btretcheii  i\  of  a  man,  which 


K 


is  covered 


aece  of  leather.     Let 


ma  then  suppose  that  the  boat  has  arrived  at 
the  given  spot.  Tlie  neta  are  thi"own  in,  and 
away  goea  the  vessel  before  the  wind,  or  jivo- 
pelled  by  the  oar  until  they  have  laid  hold  of  a 
rock-  Woe  be  to  the  man  who  holda  the  rope 
if  he  gives  not  immediate  notice  of  the  net 
haviuff  ••  caxight  '*  the  reef,  so  that  more  rope 
may  be  let  oat,  otherwise  he  is  throvm  into 
the  sea,  or,  as  I  have  heard  in  many  ca«ea, 
Ma  thi^h  ia  cut  through  to  the  lione,  so 
violent  ia  the  check  and  so  great  the  tension. 
Then  "comes  the  tug  of  war,'*  the  whole 
crew  are  called  upon  for  a  long  puU,  a  strong 
puli,  and  a  pall  altogether,  until  by  main 
forc«!  they  break  off  pieces  of  the  coral  reef, 
which  derive  their  value  from  their  weight 
and  colour.  Jet  black  and  rttse-colour  corals 
are  the  meet  esteemed,  although  a  deeper  red, 
white,  and  a  dark  dirty  grey  alx>und.  The 
Uai  IB  rarely  aold,  being  considered  nearly 
TAlueless.  The  roae-colour  coral  will  sell  at 
^m  twenty  to  one  hundretl  pi/istres,  or  three 
pouudB  ten  Fhillingii  to  seventeen  pounds  the 
rotolo  of  thirty-three  ounces  according  to  the 
weiglit. 

**  Oh,  Signore,  quant*  §  boir  a  veder6 ! "  said 
aeor&l  fisher  to  me  only  that  morning, "  What  a 
beantifiil  sight  it  ia  when  the  coral  is  drawn  up 
owt  of  the  sea ! "  Up  comes  the  long  branches 
hke  the  boughs  of  a  tree,  or  aometimes  in 
creat  thick  pieces.  Last  ei>ring  wo  were  a 
Eiukdred  barks  pulling  away  at  one  reef^  and 


up  came  &ttr  nets  witli  a  rock  in  the  midat  ^ 
the  upper  jKirt  was  eoveretl  with  plums,  and 
pears,  and  1,1^ pes  ;  for  your  Eccellenza  knows 
that  the  sea  has  its  fruits  as  well  as  the 
land ;  and  underneath  the  rock  was  the 
coral.  It  was  a  beautiful  sight  to  see ;  be- 
sides, we  are  all  better  treated  by  the  captain 
when  we  have  a  good  di'aw  ;  and  we  gave  a 
shout  of  joy." 

llie  coral,  I  am  told,  is  fbnnd  at  a  depth 
varying  from  about  eight  to  thirty- roor 
fathoms,  and  the  best  is  near  the  surfei?e : 
that  of  Sardinia,  too,  is  preferred,  and  th© 
coral  on  the  Barbaiy  coast.  Sometimes 
a  piece  will  be  taken  so  lai^  as  to  be 
beyond  all  price.  One  boat,  for  instance, 
has  this  season  taken  seven  branches,  of  the 
weight,  reepectively,  of  two  rotoli,  one  and 
a  half  rotitlo,  one  rotolo,  uu<l  a  l^lf  rotolo, 
and  ilownwanla.  These  seven  branch(*ft  were 
\*aluevl  to  me  at  one  thousand  ducats,  and 
another  such  a  pull  would  make  a  tolerable 
vovage, 

VVhat  strikes  one  as  remarkable  is,  the 
rapid  giowth  and  forniuti<»»  <>f  the.iie  C'oral 
betla.  '*  Year  after  year  linve  we  fished 
away  on  the  same  spots,  and  yet  on  each 
returning  season  we  tmd  an  abundant  sup- 
ply. Sometimes  beds  that  we  have  lefb 
small,  have,  in  one  wint-er,  grown  up  to  a 
large  sisje.'^  Such  ia  the  account  the  fifihers 
givo.  Much  uncertainty,  however,  prevails 
as  to  the  remunerating  profita  of  the  voyage  ; 
the  pieces  brought  up  may  he  very  small, 
or  an  inconsiderable  quantity  may  be  taken ; 
the  neta  may  be  broken  or  lost ;  and,  lastly, 
the  vessel  itself  may  be  lost,  not  an  un- 
frequeut  occurrence;  for  every  year  the  sad 
intelligence  arrives  of  the  loss  of  a  coral  bark, 
or  more  ;  so  constant  is  the  exposure,  and  so 
great  the  danger  incurred.  Let  us  suppose 
that  only  one  hundre<l  vessels  a  year  leave 
Torre  for  this  trade — and  there  are  near  two 
hundred — and  we  shall  perceive  of  how  much 
im|>ortance  this  trade  is  to  a  amall  town. 
No  wonder  masse*  ai"e  said  and  benedictioiui 
uttered  ;  for  where  the  treasure  is,  there  will 
the  heart  Ijhb  also. 

But  how  great  are  the  hardsliips  of  the 
service,  and  how  much  sutiering  is  inflicted  by 
the  cruelty  and  brutality  of  the  c^iptaiiia  ?  Ia 
the  tirat  place,  repose  Ls  unknown  iiptiii  these 
vessels  ;  for  three  weeks,  or  even  a  month,  at 
a  time,  if  the  weather  be  favourable  and  the 
sen  kind,  they  keep  out  at  sea,  like  the 
'*  Flying  Dutchman,"  ever  on  the  run,  and  the 
nets  ever  dragging  until  they  lay  hold  of  a 
rook,  when  in  they  are  hauled  and  again 
re-cast,  unless  they  are  broken.  For  the 
whole  crew,  therefore,  there  is  never  entire 
repose ;  and  on  jome  boats  not  even  is  the 
relay  system  adopted,  either  because  of  the 
brutal  character  of  the  eaptain,  or  the  ahoii- 
U688  of  hands.  The  consequence  is,  that  on 
such  vessels  sleep  ia  indulged  in  by  theft,  by 
snatches  ;  and  I  have  hear*!  of  some  who  had 
almost  acquired    a    hi.lut    of   working  and 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


treated.  "  We 
'  timo  we  enter 
me  ;  '*  the  most 

,,,Iu^.l    i"  lit     ^'"- 


slcepiiig  lit  i\\M  8aun«  time-  ALau,  poor  fellows  I  [ 
— luiiny  i>*  tho  man  who  i»a>"8  the  piioe  of 
iuudUi  mid  lif'tf  tVir  such  censilcsA  and  ex-| 
baUMtiutf  wurk  ad  this  !• ;  and  many  is  th«>  \ 
V  '    ,;uJor   who   n^tunm   to   liia   iitttive  ; 

\  I   Imppy   to   breathe   out    his   last 

U«vui»  I.  tl»tfi  iKJutiim  of  i\\g  T  '^  '  r  hU  I 
wilV,  llii*^  victim  of  ctinsuuipU'  La-Ui,  | 

Jfgr     (^     llii'     <li.>t     siirh     :i'-     ti.    i  ,t.>in, 

bi«ai  i  . 

Ili«  Wiulcr  otU*u  bciug  in  »uch  a  state  that,  ai 
BUioy  uf  the  8;uloi'8  havo  &aid  to  me, "  we  are 
omigoil  to  ili'tuk  it  tlux>iigh  our  teeth.'*  Of 
Um  tjvaimeut  whlcli  tlioae  men  recuive  it  is 
iJjnoat  dU{)4unl1iious  to  H[>eiCk  ;  alavea^  in  point 
of  fact — aa  alavc-a  they   aro 

fotgCt  OUV  OWIl   T      '  '"'  '" 

tb«  Mrvtc<;/*  h.i 

«J»d,^   I  h  .  .  ■  ^^I 

1  ;.^   tliat   1 

>i  i^^ratioD 

Vtii^  1  to  r^bt«  thou. 

The  crewM  are  «ngagt4  to  S»th  Sep- 
UmWr  for  th*^  Rarbu^*  fislirrB — ^azid  2ud 
OololHer  for  Saj-diiuati  fiahers ;  04:,  in  the  Uua- 
flMffo  of  the  country,  th«  V%tm  of  Saa 
MiAaeli  and  of  the  hleaiod  MadauDa  dal 
BMUift.  And  Di»vtr  -3,..,.).  fji,}  i\^  eainta 
tfMW io  asiiiibU  K  tiuffatermto 

aii<Ji  lAhoiir  and  hui: ^.     Un  thtst  nighta 

;uid  ovary  hand  ia  stilL 
\  uorti  if  the  most  tempting 

I  i   :  wiog  beneath  tneml 

ii  *'  lom  to  give  another 

1  HA  aproanis* of  drawiiig 

r  sw    Thaj  ai«  Iraa  again, 

a^t  in  coinpelition  with 
Uow  8w«et  their  dr«aina 


i.-ntfi,: 

■r    th«i 
o9t  ot  tbo  iaiui  ;  and  th«  | 
!^<>  "  canikino/'  chuckling 
xuii  viait  them  in  their ' 
\'\^\\»    of    thoec    Ud»ed 

.\ray  th«y  ^lid«  into 
\eir  Dnpin 

•^itp  on 


hrilliaut  display  of  finery — those 
group*j<l  to|^t;tht?r  nwir  the  i(\U\r 
the  corjil  fi«iera.     I  know  tin  w 

crimson  saaties   and  the    gl  u 

cjips.    I  fancy^  tiX>,  tlmt  I  caji  I 

there  a  new  gown,  imd  a  new  ^, 

ns  brilliant  OS  pearla  can   i)uik<    mcju,  ^titua 
hit  of  )pe«xi  ghifia  in  the  *"i?ntr«,a»  though 
tlii..\   uoiilii    wt'Oj   emerrilil-i    n-   ^vt-ll  li    rh.-if 
1,  well!  1.  r 

ty.     I  like  n 

the  poor  ;  it  in  the  gnaranU"  : 

beBioes^  who  on  audi  an  occa^^^  .1 

find  it  in  h  IB  heart  t<»  cai*p  or  cu^^ui^  ?     AH 
now   id  joj  and  merruueut  -    ami  there  it 
feaatiug  and  dancing,  and  the  taQibonr  taaor 
mouses  all  to  tho   ^y  and  graceful  'TmxMk^ 
tella;  and  the  brc-i  '        ^  f'      -:■-'■  -r  ^  ^  *h:* 
rope's  end,   aitd   t 
waves — alL  all,  arts  ..  ^  ... . 
of  that  deUghtAtl  hour.     It  i 
to  gaZB  on  snch  a  seem?  na  t  h  t 

ev-en  amid  the  lalnoiir  < 

still  provided  tlielr  moiii  ^ 

of  enjoyment  for  the  poor  '  I*it  mio^  Ue 
cai^^inl  not  to  curtail  their  innocent  relaxn- 
tions.  I  would  not  have  the  weight  of  such 
a  sin  upon  my  conscience. 

How  are  these  poor  fellows  to  live  for  the 
next  four  months  t  Scazcely  haa  any  one  o£ 
thorn  a  grain  in  his  pocket.  Heoeiving  their 
nMmey  ny  antimiation^  the  nsnal  donanqnanen 
haa  followed.  Even  a  smaU.  sum  of  moarv  ma 
nsvac,  they  t  hink,  be  exhaosled ;  ar  i; 

wise  reflection,  rotolo  after  rotoloot  ui 

haa  been  devoured,  and  fifirsffim  of  urioc  without 
number  have  been  awallow«d  ; — hwideiif  wh* 
cares  for  saving  t  will  not  the  m&«  smn  hi. 
eoming  in  Jantiaiy  7  Thus  tke  Oocnl  Utiuam 
are  amoogai  the  moat  reckleaa  and  knpro^- 
dent  ckaa  of  aailorai  depasuliDg  aJvnjn  upon 
credit,  which  they  get  at  Jew's  hUsnal^  ami 
with  gtsni  &Qiittj^their  mesDS  bey^g  ts  sore 
as  those  of  expednnt  heir&  In  every  nlnon 
where  tliese  man  nfaonnd,  at*  to  bs  wnvii 
shopkeepen  who  sopnly  thsM  vith  ttYt^-x-v 
thing  they  want,  and  loss  nn  opportc' 
euoouiaging  extimvaganee :  a  gosd  ^ 
thus  nut  »  and  ss  faansTdsftoe  mua 
presumsd  alwa^  to  hatpe  ifta  rwnr^  ^_ 
per  cent  pmfita  at  least  are  always  bid  oinu 

-day  oomea  at  last;  sod  <Iorwa  go  thai 
to  Torre  do&  ^soo^  MMompsj&d  hy 
tibsir  ftisndB  Ihs  shof^ssM^  whn  nicL 
to  thsDk  Uks  laedMs;  appJieiiidn  is  tnsids 
to  ths  BMBtssB  to  stop  ths  sn^sa  :  ths« 
^m^  <iiflMBiHisa  stisit  nnd  amidst  bcnwlia^ 
extortkn,    ''"^     xscriaalDfttkpn^     th« 

^un  dro|^    I  nsver  knov  n  Cond  nwhar 

Wtrii  o£ 

Coral  is,  to  the  aMBoa  vhidh  finns  fiti  wluit 
thesbsUbtolWasiil;  itia  tbsoestsrentfi 
of  a  osrtain  enseiss  of  ssn^vom.    It  m  xoboX- 

est  fttSp%  er  on 
a  ahnb-Uke 
R  is  ptoimotd  st^ow  too 


Ctarln  Oicku*,j 


THE  STORY  OF  riNE-EAB. 


^ 


so» 


I 


i 


hundred  fathoms  below  the  sar&ce,  yet  the 
pcnetrutioti  of  the  imya  of  the  sun  are 
«ary  to  its  iiicreMc. 


THE  STOBY  OF  FINT^EAK. 

Tes  or  twelre  years  ago,  there  w«s,  in  the 
prison  nt  Brest,  a  man  sentenced  for  life  to 
I  do  not  kuow  the  exact  nature  of 
ut  it  wna  aomcthin^  very  atrociotia. 
ff  noard,  either,  what  his  former  condi- 
Hfe  hatl  l>eeu  j  for  even  his  name  had 
into  obli\ion,  and  he  was  reoogniaed 
by  a  nnmber.  Although  his  features 
naturally  well  formed,  their  expression 
was  horrible :  every  dark  and  evil  passion 
seeiiitiHil  to  ImvG  left  its  impreas  there  ;  and  his 
character  fally  correaponded  to  its  outwai'd 
indications.  Mutinous,  gloomVr  and  revenge- 
ful, he  h/n:l  often  hazardcS  his  life  in  de*perat4j 
atlempts  to  escape,  which  liitherto  harl  proved 
abortive,  Once,  during  winter,  he  succeeded 
in  gaining  the  fiehla,  and  supported,  for 
sevenil  days,  the  extremity  of  cold  and 
hunger.  He  was  found,  at  length,  half  frozen 
and  iiiseftstble  under  a  tix'e,  and  brought  back 
to  prison,  where,  with  difficulty,  ne  was 
rest  erred  to  life.  The  ward -master  watched 
him  m.>re  closely,  and  punished  him  more 
severely  by  far,  than  the  other  prisoners, 
while  a  double  chain  was  added  to  his  heavy 
fetters.  Sevtaul  times  he  attempted  snicide, 
but  failed,  through  the  vigilance  of  his  jruarda. 
Tlie  ipuly  i*esulta  of  his  experiments  m  this 
Uue  wei^  an  asthma,  caused  by  a  nail  which 
he  hammered  into  his  chest,  and  the  loss  of 
an  arm,  which  he  fractured  in  leaping  off  a 
high  wall  After  suffering  amputation,  and 
A  six  months^  sojourn  in  the  hospital,  he 
retunied  to  his  bopelefls  life-long  task-work. 

On«  day,  this  man's  fierce  humour  seemed 
sofi;en«?il.  After  the  hours  of  labour,  he 
seated  liimselC  with  the  companion  in  misery 
to  whom  he  Wiis  cbn^ined,  in  a  comer  of  the 
eenu't ;  and  his  repulsive  eounteoatkoe  aasumed 
a  mild  expression.  "Words  of  tenderness 
were  uttered  by  the  lips  which  heretofore 
had  opened  only  to  blaspneme  ;  and  with  his 
be*d  bent  down,  he  watched  some  object 
concealed  in  his  bosom. 

The  guartls  looked  at  him  with  disquietude, 
bcUeviiij^'  he  had  some  wea^jon  hidden  within 
his  clothes ;  and  two  of  them  approaching 
him  sti^althily  from  behind,  seized  him 
roughly,  and  began  to  search  him,  before  he 
con  Hi  make  any  resistance.  Finding  liimself 
completely  in  their  power,  the  convict  ex- 
daimed  :  "  Oh,  dont  kill  Lim  !  Pray,  don't 
kill  him!" 

As  he  spoke,  one  of  the  miards  had  gained 
uoBsession  of  a  large  rat,  which  the  fdon  had 
kept  next  hjs  liosrim. 

**l>on't  kill  himf*  he  repeated.  "Beat 
nie }  chaiu  me  ;  do  what  you  like  with  me  ; 
but  don't  hurt  my  poor  rat  t  Don't  stiueexe 
him  90  betwec^i  your  fingers  !  If  vou  will 
not  give  him  bock  to  me,  let  him  go  free  I  ''— 


And  while  he  spoke,  fttr  the  first  time,  prtr 
bsbly,  since  his  • -^^ ; '  n-  ■].  tears  filled  his  eye*, 
and  ran  down  I 

Bough   and    '  i    men   as   wero    the 

guards,  they  could  not  listen  to  tl 
and   see  his  tears,  without  some  f 

coropasaion.  He  who  wris  about  to  tjtmugle 
the  rat,  opened  hli  tin^era  acd  let  it  fall  to 
the  ground.  The  tern  tied  animal  fled  with 
the  speed  peculiar  to  its  Hpecies.  and  disap- 
peared behmd  a  pile  of  beamF-       >      *  ♦  *  • 

The  felon  wipetl  away  hi: 
anxiously  after  the  rat,  and  stii^ .  -  ^  v  .  a  -.vi u'-.i 
until  he  had  seen  it  out  of  danger.  Tlieu  he 
rose,  and  silently,  with  the  old  aavage  lt>ok, 
followed  his  eompfinion  in  lioiids»  and  by 
down  with  him  on  their  iron  bedstea<l,  where 
a  ring  and  chain  fastened  them  to  a  mftsaiTe 
bar  m  the  same  metal 

Next  monting,  on  his  way  to  woric,  the 
convict,  whofle  nale  face  showed  thiit  he  had 
passed  a  sleep4ee8  night,  ca^it  an  anxious^ 
troubled  ghmee  townrds  the  pile  of  wooil, 
and  gave  a  low,  peculiar  call,  to  --i  •  »  -thing 
replied.     One  of  his  comrade  -ome 

harmless  jest  on  the  loss  of  his  :,.  •'il 

the  replr  was  a  f\irious  bk>w,  wl;  i 

the  speaker,  and  drew  down  on  th**  :\ 

severe  chxistisement  from  the  taakma^tvr. 

Arrived  at  the  place  of  labomr,  he  worked 
with  a  sort  of  feverish  ardour,  as  though 
tfying  to  give  vent  to  his  pent-up  emotion  ; 
andj  while  stooping  over  a  lari:     '  vhkh 

he  and  some  others  were  tr\  -e,  hre 

felt  something  gently  tickle  ijj>  lh*' n.  He 
turned  round,  and  gave  a  shout  of  joy.  There, 
on  hia  shoulder,  was  the  only  friend  he  ha<I  In 
the  worid — his  rat  !^ — who,  with  maireUoua 
instinct,  had  found  him  oui^  and  crept  ^ntty 
up  to  his  fae^e.  He  took  the  animal  m  hia 
hands,  covered  it  with  kisses,  placed  it  within 
his  nest,  and  then,  addressing'  the  head  g^ler, 
who  hapx>ened  to  pass  by  at  the  moment,  ha 
said: 

^'  Sir,  if  you  will  allow  me  to  keep  this  rat, 
I  will  solemnly  promise  to  submit  to  you  in 
everything,  and  never  again  to  incur  pmuah- 
ment" 

The  ruler  gwve  a  si^  of  acquieseenoc,  and 
passed  od.  The  con\'ict  opened  his  shirt,  to 
give  one  n^ore  fond  look  at  his  fiuthful  pet, 
and  then  contentedly  restuned  his  labour. 

Tliat  which  neither  threats  nor  imprison- 
ment, the  scourge  nor  the  chxuu,  could  eflfeet^ 
was  aoeomplished,  and  rapidly,  by  the  influ- 
ence of  Aww,  though  its  object  was  on©  of  the 
most  despised  amongst  animals.  From  the 
moment  when  the  formiflable  convict  wa» 
permitted  to  cherisli  his  pet  night  and  day  in 
nis  bosom,  he  became  the  moat  timetable  and 
well -conducted  man  in  the  prison.  His  Her- 
culean strength,  and  hia  moral  energy,  wer# 
both  employed  to  assist  the  governors  fai 
maintaining  peace  and  BuV»ordination.  Fine- 
Ear,  so  he  called  his  rat,  was  the  object  of 
his  unceasing  tendemeaa.  He  fed  it  before 
he  tasted  each  meol,  and  would  rather  fast 


384 


HOUSEHOLD  WOBDS. 


^K  etitir< 

^H  spent 


w 


entirejy  thaii  allow  it  to  be  hungry.  He 
spent  his  brief  hours  of  respite  from  toil  in 
ng  varioiiis  little  fancy  Articles,  wliich  he 
in  oitler  to  procure  <fainties  which  Fine- 
likeH.1, — gin^erhrefwl  and  Biigaa*,  for  ex- 
aniplit.  Ofien,  during  the  perifKr  of  toil,  the 
convict  would  smile  with  delight  when  hia 
little  friend,  creeping  from  ita  newtliug  plaee, 
would  rub  itis  soft  fur  aijainst  his  check. 
But  when,  on  a  fine  sunshiny  day,  the  rat 
took  up  his  position  on  the  ground,  smoothed 
his  coivt,,  coinbod  Iuh  lon^  moustnchea  with  his 
sharp  uails,  and  dressed liis  long  cars  with  his 
delicate  piiwa,  hin  master  would  testify  the  ut- 
most delight,  iind  exchun^e  tender  glances  with 
the  black,  roguiali  eye«,  of  Mjiijter  Fiuc-Eju-- 

The  latter,  confiding  in  hi  a  patron's  care 
and  pi-otection,  went,  came,  sported  or  etooii 
etill,  certain  that  no  one  would  injure  him  ; 
for  to  touch  a  hair  of  the  rat  s  whisker  w^ould 
V)e  to  incur  a  terrible  penalty.  One  day,  for 
having  thrown  a  pebble  at  him,  a  priuoner 
w:w  forced  to  spena  a  week  in  hospital,  ere  he 
recovereti  the  effects  of  a  blow  bestowed  on 
him  by  Fine*Ear*8  master. 

The  annual  soon  lejirued  to  know  the  sound 
of  the  dinner-bell,  and  jumpe<i  with  delight 
on  the  convict  when  he  heard  the  welcome 
Hummoufl. 

Four  years  pai*sed  on  in  this  manner,  when 
one  day  poor  Fine-Eai*  was  attacked  by  a  cat, 
which  had  found  her  way  into  the  workshop, 
and  received  sevend  deep  wounds  before  his 
miister,  flybff  to  the  rescue,  seized  the  ftline 
foe,  and  actually  tore  her  to  piece*. 

The  recover}'  of  the  rat  was  tedious.  During 
the  next  month  the  convict  was  occupied  in 
dreaauig  his  wounds.  It  was  strange  the 
uitertJHt  which  eveiy  one  connected  with  the 
pHttun  t»jiok  in  Fine  Earl's  misfortune.  Not 
only  did  the  guards  and  turnkeys  speak  of  it 
as  the  t'Opic  of  the  day,  but  the  hospital 
nuraca  furnished  plotters  and  bandages  for 
the  wounds ;  and  even  the  surgeon  conde- 
scended to  presenile  for  him. 

At  length  the  anmiid  recovered  his  strength 
and  gaiety,  eave  tliat  one  of  hin  hind  paws 
dragged  a  little,  and  the  cicatrice  still  dis- 
figiired  his  shin.  He  waa  more  tame  and 
anectionate  thtrn  ever,  but  the  eight  of  a  cat 
was  Buflicieat  to  throw  his  master  into  i 
pardysm  of  rage,  and,  running  after  the  un 
lucky  pusa,  he  would,  if  possiblej  catch  and 
destroy  her 

A  great  pleasure  was  in  store  for  the  con« 
vict.  ThanKs  to  his  goo4  cot ul net  during  the 
paat  four  years,  his  sentence  of  imprisonment 
for  life  hail  l>een  commuted  into  twenty  yeani, 
in  which  were  to  be  included  the  fifteen 
already  spent  in  prison, 

"'Diank  Go«i  ! ''  he  cried, "  under  Hia  mercy 
it  is  to  Fine-Kar  I  owe  this  happiness  ! "  and 
he  kiasetl  the  animal  with  transport.  Five 
years  etlll  remained  to  he  passed  in  toilsome 
imprisonnjeut,  but  they  were  cut  short  in  an 
unlooked-for  manner. 
One  day,  a  mutinous  party  of  felona  suc- 


ceeded in  stl;'  )  I  key,  and  1  ^ufc 

him  up  with  in  one  of  '  o- 

ries,  they  thlrin*  rj*  <■  n»  ;     *  *  •       '  ,11 

theirdemands  were  not  i  i  h ^ 

and  a  full  -ui.n..,! '•  i-r-Mii, ,,  .,  .,  ,.,,,_ 

Fine  f  Imj  hwl  tnken  no  j>3irt 

in    the     ^  silently    b.lijrtJ   the 

officials  and  the  soldiers,  who  wr  ta 

lire  on  the  insurgents.  Just  fis  tlu  va 

about  to  commence,  he  appi\»;ichi>i  the  chief 
superintendent,  and  said  a  few  wortig  to  >iim 
in  a  low  voice. 

"  I  fujcept  your  offer,"  replied  the  govenior  : 
"  Kemember,  you  nsk  your  life ;  but  If  you 
succeed.  I  pledge  my  word  that  you  shall  be 

strgngly  recommended  to  Uv  .-Qt  for 

uneoudttionnl  fxij'don,  this  \, 

The  convict  drew  forth  1  .«  h\m 

bosom,  kissed  him  several  ti 

placing  lum  within  the  vest  rj  iv- 

pnsfiner  with  whom  the  rat  was  already 
familiar,  he  said  in  a  broken  voice ; — 

"  If  1  do  not  return,  be  kind  to  him, 
love  him  as  I  have  loved  him." 

Then,  having  armetl  himself  with  an  ^do^ 
mous  bar  of  iron,  he  marched  with  a  de- 
termined step  to  the  dormitory,  without 
regarding  the  missiles  which  the  re'hcU  huH#>d 
at  his  heatl.  With  a  few  blow^s  of  »  -  ^  -  he 
made  the  door  fly  oijen,  and  dartu  i»; 

room,  he  overturned  those  wli  .  .  \ua 

entrance,  threw  do^^-n  his  wc 
the  turnkey,  put  him,  or  ratlh 
safe  and  sound  Into  the  paMago. 

Wiiile  in  the  act  of  coyering  thft  rnaaV 
escape  from  the  infuriate^l  convict*,  he  «id* 
denly  fell  to  the  cround,  bathed  in  bUxni  On« 
of  the  wretches  liad  lifted  the  iron  bar  and 
struck  down  with  it  his  heroic  comnule. 

He  was  carrie<l  dying  to  the  hospital,  aod^ 
ere  he  breathed  his  last,  he  uttered  one  vmrd 
— it  was  ''  Fine- Ear  !  '* 

Must  I  tell  it  /  the  rat  appeared  restleM 
and  unhappy  for  a  few  <!iiy«,  but  he  aooo 
forgot  Ids  nwister,  ajid  l)«gnn  to  testify  th^ 
same  affection  for  Ids  new  owiner  that  he  bad 
formerly  shown  to  him  who  wm  deail. 

Fine-Ear  still  lives,  fat,  and  sleek,  and 
strong  ;  indeed,  he  no  longer  tettn  his  feline 
enemies,  and  has  actually  succeeded  in  killing 
a  full-grown  cat  and  three  kittens.  But>  ha 
no  longer  rememliers  tbd  dead,  nor  rmiiFd* 
the  sound  of  his  master*8  number,  which 
formerly  useJ  to  make  him  prirk  up  his  «ani 
and  run  from  one  end  of  the  court  to  the 
other. 

Does  it  only  prove  that  rat%  as  well  a«i  mea, 
may  be  ungrateful  I  Or  i»  it  a  litUe  iUustTa» 
tion  of  the  wise  and  merciful  arnuiffeTuent^ 
that  the  world  must  go  on,  die  who  wdl  If 


lU.  cittt 


Moid  readjf  {foith  «i  onpioui  Index,)  Moa  Tktm 

Tni  FIRST  VOLUILB  or  Tiim 

HOUSEHOLD     NABBATXVS      tXTt 

CURRENT     EVENTS. 

Being  a  compU'te  Record  of  Ihe  cvenU  of  the  j«af 

EIGHTEEN  HUNDRED  AND  FirTV. 


AiMub^  at  (&■  omn,  Ka  1«,  WtfUlaftM  8ticc«  »wtk.»tf«a4.  Tttatel^  »m*»i8»x%**  wVW\Wj«^r».\iiifc«ifc 


*•  Familiar  in  tht^ir  Moulki  om  HOUSEHOLD  TrO/iI»5/*— 3HAxw»4it. 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 

A    WEEKLY    JOURNAL 
CONDUCTED     BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


N°«.] 


SATURDAY,  JANUARY  18.  1851. 


[pRtciSA 


THE  PRIVATE  HISTORY  OF  THE 
PALACE  OF  GLASS. 

On  New  Year'a  Bay  in  the  year  1837,  a 
traveller  waa  proceeding,  in  a  imtive  boat,  on 
a  difficult  exploration  up  the  river  Berbice 
in  Di?ittei-ara,  when,  on  arriving  at  a  point 
where  the  river  expanded  and  formed  a  cur- 
rentlf^a  basin,  his  attention  wa»  fttti*act€<l 
to  the  sotithem  margin  of  the  lake  by  an 
extraonUiiarj,'  object.  He  caused  hia  crew 
to  paddle  quickly  towards  it.  The  nearer 
he  approached,  the  higher  his  cariosity  was 
rused.  Though  an  accompllihed  botaniist, 
and  t'specially  lamiliar  with  tne  Flora  of  South 
Aioeriea,  he  had  never  aeen  anything  like  it 
before.  It  was  a  Titanic  water-plant,  in  size 
and  shape  unlike  any  other  known  plant,  *'  I 
felt  .13  a  botanist,'*  saya  Sir  Robert  Scnomburgk 
"and  felt  myrolf  rewarded!  AD  calamitiea 
were  forgotten,  A  gigantic  leaf,  from  five  to 
six  feet  in  dijuneter,  salver^haped,  with  a 
broad  rim,  of  a  light-green  above,  and  a  vivid 
crimson  below,  rested  upon  the  water !  Quite 
in  character  with  the  wonderful  leaf  waa  the 
luxurifint  flower,  consiating  of  an  immense 
iinrabiT  of  petaJa,  passing  in  alternate  tints 
from  pure  white  to  rose  and  pink"  [and, 
in  some  instances,  meajBuring  fifteen  inches 
across],  **  The  smooth  water  waa  coveretl 
with  blo«8ora^  and,  as  I  rowed  from  one  to 
the  other,  I  always  observed  something  new 
to  admire/' 

Such  flowers  Polyphemus  must  have  ga- 
thered for  Galatea's  nosegay  ;  but  Sir  Robert 
Schomburgk,  not  content  with  mere  flowerSj 
dug  up  whole  plants ;  and  s&at  first  them,  and, 
aft-orwartia  seeds,  to  England,  where  the  mag- 
nifie^-nt  lily  was  uunea  the  "  Victoria  Regia." 
After  some  tinsucceasful  attempts,  the  task  of 
forcing  it  to  blossom  in  an  artificial  clioLate,^ 
waa  confided  to  Mr,  Paxton,  the  celebrated 
horticulturist  of  the  Duke  of  Devonshii^'s 
celebrated  Chatsworth, 

Mr.  Paxton — a  man  of  high  scientific  attain- 
ments— is  not  a  mere  academic  tavant.  II U 
Akoa  Mater  is  Nature.  When  the  Victoria 
Begia  waa  lo  be  flowered,  Mr.  Paxton  deter- 
mined to  imitate  Nature  so  closely  as  to  make 
that  innocent  ol&pring  of  the  Great  Mother 
ijuicy  itself  back  ag>un  in  the  broad  waters 
and  under  the  burning  heats  of  British  Guiana, 
He  deceived  the  roots  by  imbedding  them  in 


vou  a. 


a  hillock  of  burned  loam  and  p^nt ;  he  di^laded 
the  great  lubberly  leaves  by  h-;  lloat 

in  a  tank,  to  which   he    c<*i3  1,  by 

means  of  a  little  wh<*el,  the  geinie  npple  of 
tlieir  owu  tnmquil  river  ;  and  he  coaxed  the 
flower  into  blooiu  by  manufacturing  a  Ber- 
biciau  climate  in  a  tiny  South  America, 
under  a  glass  case. 

With  that  glass  case  our  history  properly 
commences.  In  imitation  of  a  phUosophic 
Fi-ench  Cook,  who  began  a  chapter  on  stewed- 
apples  with  an  essay  ou  the  Ci'eation,  we  have 
thought  it  wise  to  start  with  the  parentage 
and  gestation,  before  proceeding  to  the  birth 
and  development  of  the  Great  Giant  in  Hyde 
Park ;  for  bv  a  curious  apposition,  the  first 
parent  of  the  most  extensive  building  in 
Europe  was  th*i  largest  known  floral  structure 
in  the  world.  Although,  co-relatively,  they 
difler  as  widely  as  the  popular  diapaiity  of 
St.  Paul's  and  a  Ouna  orange ;  yet  the  one 
proceeded  from  the  other,  as  conaequeutly  as 
oaks  grow  from  acoms. 

Mr.  Pax  tori  had  ah*eady  eflTected  many  im- 
l>rovements  in  horticultural  buildings  \  the 
workmanship  of  which  has  always  been  un- 
necessarily massive.  With  the  conviction 
that  glass  houses  are  not  Egyptian  tomba 
built  for  «iarknes8  and  eternity,  ne  set  about 
making  them  lighter  than  of  old,  both  aa 
reganb  actinism  and  architecture.  He  dis- 
carded Bs  much  as  practicable  all  ponderous 
and  opake  materiius.  He  pared  away  all 
clumsy  sash-bars,  whose  broiui  shadows  rob- 
bed plants  of  the  suu's  light  and  heat  during 
the  best  parts  of  the  day  ;  he  abolished  dirty 
and  leaking  overlaps,  by  using  large  panes, 
and  inserting  them  in  wooden  grooves,  ren- 
dered water-tight  by  a  sparing  use  of  putty. 
Lastly,  finding,  that  ijjto  the  ordinary  slopiL^ 
roof  the  snnbeams  enter  at  an  indirect  and 
unprofitable  angle,  Mr.  Paxton  invented  a 
horizontal  glazing  composed  of  angular 
ridge«,  the  gla^  presenting  itself  to  the  sun's 
rays  so  na  to  admit  them  to  the  plants  in 
a  straight  line  at  almost  any  time  of  day ;  but 
especifdly  early  and  late. 

In  a  green-house  constructed  with  some 
of  these  improvements,  and  acclimated  aa 
we  have  already  explained,  a  Victoria  Regia 
was  planted  on  the  tenth  of  August,  1649. 
So  well  had  everything  been  prepared  for 
its   reception,  thai   it    flourished    as    vigor- 


^^ 


1 


886 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


^C«i>44#(«4  ^ 


In XV   of 


oualy    fta    if   it  hwl    bwn    reBtorecl    to    h 

native   eu_»il   mui  climat**.     It«    irrr»wth    ai> 

drv   '  ^     ■  '  ■     '      rapid  ;    t- 

on  r  w*B  pt : 

duri'"*,     ;i    .>uiu     1^1    -  M, .  Tti     ]\U 

more   tlinn   a  month  aft^r.    i 

ripened;  «omc  of  thciii   Mt-tY    iii     I,    i-  »   < 

the  atxttit^uth  of  Fobruwy  succci^rling,  yonti 

phitita  made  their  upDciirunr .     Sijrt.-o.si*,  huw 

ever,  hroiiglit  a  fiTnU  uent.     lli 

extniordiiuuy    lily  ob*  ^ 

dovelopmciit  with  Buch  uxie^^pyc 

thai  it  ijut(^frt*w  the  (llinc-iiaioiis 

hi    little  more   than    a   month, 

fuii   Mr.    Fiixton   .*    pruUlem    Ui 

formula  of  which  was  eonii.*thiiij(  lik*^  thiK: — 

Gi%L'ii,  an  0J|i*iic  gros^Hii}*  ii»  Vk  ^jfrrcu-hMuae,  at 

the    rate    of    six.    huudiietl    find    forty -avvpii 

nquiire   ineh^   of    ciroiuiifei'efK.w   \jor  iliem  : 

ix'iHiireti,  ia   three   luoiithii,  a  new  honec  of 

tJimuiisionB  proper  for  ita  miLturitv  ? 

Mr,  P.MX^tn  ^^♦PTlt  to  work  ;  and,  oomblaiiijg; 
iiJl  hiH  i  I  its  in  constructiti'T:  ^cei»- 

houMtw  \-  "  citil  iJivoutiioiw  for  nutlur- 

Ulg  i\ui  \  h!ihi:i    l^itj^riH,  hr  Vtry  (?i»OU  plVuillOfd  I 

thct   *  Q.  E.  1»^"  ill   tlie  jiliape  of   si  uovul  aiitl  \ 

«legaut  ' '  "■''   f«t>r  lun^  hv  forty 

brcMul.      I  •'  the  imii)ediulA> 

Piu  i  ' -eeittutates  a  ahoi't  c  .\ 

A        ^^       *    tuAuy  di^ftideratn  i  r 

ev«rv  kind  of  hnhitdtion — ^whethei'  it  km  de- 
sigited  for  phuita  or  yjrinceiJ,  for  a  piiio- 
houefi  or  n  [Mdnco,  fur  the  Victoria  U«^n,  or 
for  ihH  M»»nrm'*n^  giasaHBaae  under  which  to 
coll  -  of  All  NfttioDfl, — the  moot 

iiu]  ions,    after    stability,    ore, 

iwjit   I  i  ,  dramage  imd  forveniiln- 

tioii ;   M  ugh  aciLKeiy  subordixmtc 

piovitto,    ujy.      Tlie    man   who    uau 

coiii»ti-utjt  li'.UHrs  which  ahaU  repel  exteniftl 
humidity,  uud  allow  of  a  consiiuit  tuid  ccntk 
cluuige  of  atmosphere  at  any  cootroliRU« 
tum|>cuiitur«,  and  at  tho  lowest  cost  cou* 
•ialaint  with  durnbility,  is,  of  course,  th« 
prmce  of  bull  den.  Now,  in  order  to  be 
ecotiouiiottl,  hd  must  ii^esBarily  so  maciBgei 
Uiat  tfueli  of  hi&  luulujiiab  shall  {M.'rfonu  m 
imitiy  (Jiirereiit  '  "  -  as  it  ia  posaiblfi  fo*  it 
Ui   pt  rtorm  If   he  build  waLU 

whifh  riijj.wri  ;   ,  '•  ifid  strength  only, 

if  lo^  fuKl  ^ii(rti>i  I  j;e,  and  if  he  call 

in  Dt,  Ik'id  Uh-  \l  ,  . .  litr  may,  probably, 

buUd  a  gotid  h/ibitation^  but  it  will  certainly 
be  tt  cijtttiy,  peril  i»pH  a  clu umy  one  ;  and  will 
turn  out  a  very  long  job*  Mr,  I'aJiton,  when 
Tie  tiet  about  the  new  Victoria  Jiegia  houae— 
Ipiideii  hy  jirevioii*  study  and  ei]>erieDce,  and 
forced  \uto  new  expcdient^a  by  the  peculia- 
rities of  the  extra^jrdintiry  teuant  ne  waa 
huildii)^  fur — h;u{  benmie  a  better  eooOMOUBi. 
The  reHtU  -  ■>  i  ,  . ,.  in  his  lataat  effort— 
the  greii  t  .  t  his  ^tmUa  and  foiinda- 

tiona  }uij  :,,  .  Ai&  and  fotindatioiu,  but 

VBOiiUtors  and  linUiis  as  well.  BUa  roo&  mm 
not  Bnaply  roofs  ;  but,  beeidai  he^ig  the  moat 
iiataiiai\«  of  known  eky-li|^htay  are  lig^s  and 


•  nt 

hi  ■:    '..  !,,,|,     '  .;   •    ,i,ii   ■     ; -.    v:   .,i.      .n      •  ,[i- 

.ir  i-'i   Ml,   :i:  -,    ...V.  ii   .    -..:[■ -[.ill.,.       'i  ,  .       .    '.  •« 

tiiin!  as  woll  OB  money, 

Tlo'  Virtorin  l!4'>/in  houjw,  which  ooiubuiea 

'  s  alwvc  4h'tatlod.  ^efsaa 

.H  leM  time,  and  coat 

i'oiis!.:i<'i!ii'Jv    ir.'.H  u 1 1 ' I h*y ,  tliau  thc  nlendcrort 

i»lil-f(^hiojied  eotiAcrvatory  that  Ima  over  boen 

built. 

While  Mr.  Paxton  waa  busy  with  tbi«  novel 
and  model  garden -housfr,  a  hot  war  wu*  raging 
in  London  about  the  fiite  for  the  nt'w  b4illdittg 
for  exhibiting  bpecimeiie  of  the  Art  raid  Inr 
duBtry  of  all  uatiouj^  in  IBS  1.     >?  ;  ie 

n  r»'ft«b'r  of  the  •'Times,"   «»nd    i  t.h 

svi-        '      ■  ■  ^   ■  '!> 

p,  ,rk 

ItV    :iniili.-t    .  Ic* 

einiilhs,  uuil  ■  >\f 

ilruwn  of  t.|»i-    .  M  uln 

hy  the  calling  of  i  tr. 

miuk,  a  tmnvortt-^,    _..,.._,  m.'U 

PvramLda  fif  C^hizMh  confii>  og 

duwu   fr*)ni  one  aide  of  K  •  it* 

m'>st   oheridhed   omaaicut%   tiro   trees ;  tije 

uncertainty  uf  milea  of  brickwork  htln^  ptit 

together  in  time  for  sufficient  <■  nn 

t^>   Iwftflr    Ih*'  weight  of  the  treii  Jtt 

di-::               inwl   to   i*eat    M]K»n    It  ;    tli.  im- 

p-'                  I  tho  cntii-o  luaaft  of  morUtr  and 
plant tr    'Jioy    drying: — All    thi»^.   "          ' 
CAsionally  uverdiiiwn   and   vxn^: 

sontcd  tt  black  jMsrapective,  whi.  I.  ^,« 

and    appliances   of  the    Vi<-i.  tii     i;.   m  r<»n- 

servatory  would,  thouL'ht  it-    .i   Lir  r^  '-on- 

siderabiy     liehtcn,    or       Ii       d.r       ?  ^  ;at«. 
Kvcry  new  thunderbolt    li    ::.   »l. 
TQfuiM^    etrengthened      i:i      !i 
pixy  ector'a  mind.     Allt!,!  ui-,  v 
great  many  great  lily-t 


!  I " :  1 '  ■  n    in     the 

ii  j Dined  togcthnK. 
A  multiplication  of  hands  and  of  matctnali 
could!-  '    K  and  no  Ntructimi 

could   I 

The     piuiuviifku^iis     ,ihM      Ml 

Park   wMiU   ba  relieved 
"click— dick*  of   bri.  kliv.-i^'   tn 
maddaoing  nolae  of   i 
tin^^^uunniiera,  and   L, 
from  the  hourly  transit 
polea.    The   jiropoeed 
structed   at  Jiirminghiun^  .< 
Thameij   Bank««   *"  brouglii 
Park  reiidy-made,  and  put  up  i>)ie  : 

the  trees :    for  a  couple  of  kiiii«ir«d 
^'-  PoKtOQ  would   '  I  ■'   ►•— m, 

^'in  back  agaLu  iui 

luk. ,-...;.. 4-  i.ur  witJiout  iuju;;..^  ..  ^«.^*v  ^'^'i§. 
And  here  we  poaj  remark,  ia  paamg,  tkaf^ 
Mceordiag  to  Horaca  Walpoia,  Mr.  VvtU/a  k 
half  a  eeatitzy  kelbn 


imd  ao  chcapllr* 

i^diU:)uni  of  Hjpdi 

of     the     UlfllMBIDt 

\ <•!-»,'   tr. >Wft«    tKa 

t 

at 

de 

h«Mi»teaiL 


As  to 

Jjor;- 


cfc«i«ri.fc«-.i       THE  PRIVATE  HISTORY  OF  THE  PALACE  OF  GLASS. 


traneplantiiuF  ojitf rations.     In  Augufit,  1748, 

the  TwickciinAm  Propliet  wrote  to  hb  Cousin 

Conway,  an  a  piece  of  extravagant  tun — "  1 

Itkxnetit  living  in  »^  Kiul.nr.niM  ..n  a  ,■   wL,  i. 

we  arc  come  to  ho  1  i 

ing.     I  HUi  persuflii 

^y  yf-ara  hence,  it  wiil   Iw  m  rummnn  to  rc- 

Imov<^  oaks  a  huiitire^  ami  tifly  years  old,  as  it 
In  now  to  tranaplaiit  tulip  roota." 
'  However,  iVIr  Paxtuu  coutd  do  witltout 
xuoviiig  tlie  venerable  wood  "  im  tlie  «li*>rt*jst 
notice "  (»A  if  it  had  been  converted  iuto 
ItouaehoM  ^  -  "*  -  v  -V.re  ita  lime).  J  I"  the 
^hrk  auli  1,  he  wuul«l  clap  the 

tree*, all  »,l '■'-  <.-^"'-''i  '/'''—  ■■■■'— 

But,  aln^ !  1- 
\irjw   not   to   l» 
BuilJiriLT    Committer   hiul   jjonc   forth.     The 
ens  If',  t  i' ion  of  arcliite*7tuntf  skill  iuvitCLl  by 
!  rities  bail  n»>t  producsed  otil'  avail- 

-11.      The    first    exhibilioD    of    the 
!  of  the   Archii«cU  of  aJl    Nationa 

pronoimoed  a  failure  ;  and  the  fact 
<*r  \u>.'  imilding  Committee  haviu^j  invited 
tendcre  for  tlie  c«»iistruction  of  a  dcsigQ  of 
its  own,  shut  out  frciili  comj;»etiioi*s. 

One  liay,  ]iowever  —  it  was  Friday^  the 
fourteenth'  of  June — Mr.  Paxton  happened 
to  be  in  the  flon«e  of  Conuiiona  convtraing 
on  thia  subject  with  Mr.  Ellia,  a  member  of 
it,  wlio  aceom|Kinied  him  to  the  Board  o( 
TVft*ie  to  see  wliat  could  be  done.  Then, 
I  uld  be  done;  for  Mr,  Paxton  (who 

1  l>e  buaiest  men  iu  Enjj^laud — -whatHi 

•uld  kill  a  man  of  fiishiou  with 
was  off  immediately  to  k*^ep 
<«  Dj^-.  I  wv.  x.^-p'jiittment  at  the  tubular  brivlge 
over  thy  MeiiaL  After  hia  journey,  the  next 
rooruiiig,  the  converHatioii  with  hia  friend, 
the  M.P^  waa  clenched  by  another  and 
moi'e  than  ufriially  p<iwerful  burst  of  l]iu.nder 
in  that  ilay't*  issue  fr<  .in  Blackfriars.  His  mind 
wna  made  up;  *'ani]/'  said  tlie  Duke  of  JJevon- 
shire,  at  a  recent  public  meeting  at  Bakeweli, 
**!  never  knew  Mr.  Paxton  reaolve  to  under- 
take wlut  be  <Ud  not  fiilly  a<?con)pUHh.''  To 
have  engagements  for  eren,'  iby  in  the  weeic 
In  diflerent  parta  of  Eughmd  and  Irelau«l,  to- 
gether with  the  mamigemeiit  of  Uie  o-statcs 
at  ChaUworth,  diii  noi  mueli  matter  ;  there 
WBB  etill  time  to  be  found  for  coDcoctLng  the 
pl&na  and  details  of  a  few  fiauare  acres  of 
buildiiig,  Tucd<lay  mominx*  the  etghteentb 
of  Jnne,  found  Mr.  Paxton  at  Derby,  seated — 
an  Chairman  of  the  Works  and  Ways  Com- 
mittee of  the  Midland  Railway — to  try  an 
offending  pointeman.  Tliis  waa  the  ^t 
lmw€  moment  be  haul  been  able  to  aecuxe 
elme  be  resolved  to  plan  the  creat  building. 
AA  the  end  of  the  table  Btooa  the  culprit ; 
mady  upon  it^  before  the  Chairman,  was  iu- 
TitiJQgly  apread  a  virgin  sheet  of  blotting- 
puper.  As  each  witaefS  tklivered  hie  evi- 
dence, Mr.  Pazttftt  appeared  to  be  taJung  notes 
with  ttnooenmon  Mndnitj  ;  and  when  the  cajae 
clMed^  «M  of  Ida  ooUeagnei  tuMd  ipeciaUy 


"^  As  you  seem  to  have  noted  down  tbe 
whole  of  the  oidencc,  we  will  take  the  deci» 
i<ion  from  you." 

'•Tlu-    truth    1^"    u'li!i'^!i+->ri-d    <ln.> 


JiighL     TiiU,^'  he  Lontiuued,  ht/J  >* 

paj»er,  "  is  not  a  draft  of  tlie  p<jin<  -, 

but  a  design  for  the  Great  Induatri;Ll  lUiil<iiU||{ 
to  lie  erect ^-d  bi  Hyde  Park." 

Tho  point>;7iian  wa.H  let  otTwitb  a  tine,,  and 
before   evening  the    biottin^*papfr  plan    had 
fouii'l    its    way    into    Mr.  Pi'      '"      flSice   at 
CliritNwoHlK     By  the  help  of  -luaa's 

.i.liu   IV  uPiiiataiiti*,  elevatioiks.,  .  ...  ..,^,  woiic- 

:  Is^  and  specilicatious  wei'e  completed 
■■.ya. 

When  he  made  hiu  np.xi  appearance  at  the 
Derby  atation,  at  the  end  ol  tlwt  Ume,  Mr. 
Parton  bad  the  complete  pbma  under  hie 
arm.  There  was  not  a  mintit*^  to  cpnr*.  for 
the  train  wa«  on  the  pc»iut  of  1 1 

Royal  Commiaaioners  met  tii 
6o,  taking  hia  dinoer  iai  h  i  ^  I    •  i 

a  carriage.     Here,  to  hi-       in  i* 

found  one  of  the  greate«t  alii  Wi>o-  d 

engiueera  of  tlie  day — ^a  member,  mi  a  mi  uf 
the  Royal  Commlaaiou — who  wa^  oLuni;  to 
London  by  the  «MBa  train. 

'*Thi»  ia  extraordinarily-  lucky!"  he  ex- 
claimed ;  "  lor  I  want  yon  lo  Wok  over  a  few 
plana  and  a  speclfioitioii  of  mine.'* 

Aocordin^dy  the  plana  wert  unrolled. 
"^' There  they  are,"  said  the  imprimiptu  arclii- 
tect ;  •'  look  them  over,  and  ace  if  they  will  do 
for  the  grcnt  Building  for  eighteen  nuudred 
and  fifty-one  I " 

*'  For  what  J"  naked  the  ^n(;i«evr,  looking 
at  hia  friend  with  the  aen>>couii<!  ^uipriae  of 
incredulity. 

"  I  am  seriouik"' 

"  Hut  jou  are  too  kte ;  the  whole  thing  ia 
»ettle«l  and  decided.** 

*'  W«ll,  jiBt  see  what  you  think  of  them.  I 
am  \try  hungr3%  and  if  you  w-ill  run  thera 
over  while  I  eat  mv  dinner,  1  'U  not  speak  a 
woni." 

^' Neither  will  I  diptr^.i-  , c.„    i    ....  ^ 

light  acinar;'*  and  iu  &]  i 

iu  that  caae  made  and  pi  ..  .-  ..  i-  .,>  i^ 
bK^an  to  smoke. 

Theie  wa**  a  dead  tadtaroity ;  the  Royal 
Commissioner  went  over  the  phina  eJowly  aB<l 
earefully  ;  their  oiiginator  niMTOwly  watching 
tlieir  eti^t  on  hifi  miutL  It  was  an  anxioua 
moment  for  the  one  ;  for  npcn  the  opinion 
of  the  other  no  bttle  depended.  At  (iixt 
there  was  not  much  to  mugur  from.  The 
drawings  were  scanned  with  no  more  than 
busineBa-Uke  sitentkin.  No  word  of  com- 
mendation was  tittered;  no  p'^ti  ..f  olii^isure 
or   surpriae  apiieared.     The  >ie  itt 

regular  wreaths  ;   but,  presti  giew 

fainter  and  more  intennitteni,  aiul  by-and- 
by  the  cigar  went  out ;  yet  the  suction  waa 
oontinued  as  rigoroualy  as  ever.  The  pro- 
iector'e  hopea    ruse ;    hia   fricud'a  atlention 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


tCMiA«ine4  kr 


evidetitly  (Irrtwii  into  *  vortex,  fat  he 
ireiit  ""  .Iiirjni^r  tweotj  miiiut*'A.  rmfBTii?  nwav 
Rt    li  w«W,   quit«  111 

it   V,  lished  !     At   1' I 

the  iirxrollfl  papen*  up  m  a  limi*Jl< 
them  into  the  uppoaite  seat,  ex' 
•*  Wornlirri'iil  !^¥:orthj  of  the  m 
of  ChnUworlh  ! — a  thousumil  tin 
than  Ally  thing  that  hue  beeu  brougru 
lu !     What  »  i»ity   they  were  not   pp 

•  Will  von  Uy  them  tjefore  the  Royal  Com* 
nk»iofi  V* 

The  ralou  of  this  pnmiiAe  and  of  the  favoiir- 
ahle  esqireHion  of  opinion  which  would  doubt* 
k«B  aooomimxiy  it»  performaDce,  will  b<?  b«?8t 
nmlentfjod  when  we  dimlge  to  the  reftder 
(withatit,  we  tniat,  any  breach  of  confident.') 
that  the  gentleman  who  made  it  was  Mr. 
Robert  Ste]jhen«oEL 

Tile  next  daj  filla  a  melancholj  page  in 
Engiifth  history.  It  was  Saturday,  tlie  twenty- 
niath  of  June.  The  Royal  Commission  met, 
beaded  by  Prince  Albert.  After  the  regular 
bttflineaa  of  the  Boatxl  wha  over,  the  Prince  and 
Sir  Robert  Feel  retired  to  one  of  the  bay-win- 
dowft,  and  were  some  time  engaged  in  earnest 
couverftatiou.  Mr.  Stephenson's  time  was 
nrofiouft,  for  he  had  an  appointment  ekswhere. 
He  was,  in  aliort,  obiigm  to  depart  without 
aji  0|jportiinity  of  placing  Mr.  l*axLoii'a  plans 
before  his  co]I«iguc«and  the  Prince.  He  dele- 
gated  that  office,  however,  to  on  able  hand, 
Mr.  Scott  Huaaell,  one  of  the  Secretarie*  of 
the  CommbnoD. 

Both  Prince  Albert  and  Sir  Robert  Peel 
gave  great  attention  to  the  drawings,  and 
the  Prince  iiignilied  hia  wiah  that  Mr.Farton 
should  wait  ufjon  him  at  Buckiucham  Palace, 
to  explain  the  detailii.  Sir  Robert  Peel 
greatly  admired  the  design  for  itw  unity 
and  Eimplicity;  remarking  with  pleaijuri^ 
that  if  it  were  accepted,  it  would  occaaion 
the  fii^t  great  operation  in  glaas  since  the 
introduction  of  hia  own  new  tariff.  Alaa  ! 
thifl  was  the  latest  connected  remark  which 
that  great  statesman  was  destined  to  utter. 
He  aUuost  immediattdy  left  Westminster 
Palace  on  horseback  for  lux  airing,  was  thrown 
on  Constitution  Hiii,  and  three  days  afterwards 
had  ceased  to  eximt. 

T]\(!  Paxton  scheme  was  rcfen'cji  to  the 
Building  Committee  ;  wliich,  in  the  regulaj* 
routine  of  business,  could  not  entertain  it, 
having  rejected  all  the  designs  it  had  inviteii 
for  competition,  and  hanng  devised  a  plan  of 
i(^  own.  Nothing  daunted,  however,  Mr.  Pax- 
ton  determined  to  appeal  to  a  tribunal  which 
(to  borrow  the  tag  ot  most  modem  comedie.%) 
is  "never  sought  in  vain;"  namely,  to  the 
Britbh  public!  This  he  did  by  the  aid  of 
the  woodcuts  and  pagea  of  the  "London 
Illustrated  News."  Never  was  an  up^ieal 
more  promptly  or  satislkctorily  answered  1 
The  practicability,  the  simplicity,  and  beauty 
of  the  scheme  convinced  every  member  of 


the   many-headeJ    court   of    appeal    of  Ita 

'vhUe,    the    projector   of   the    bulld- 

N'd    (m    the    prrtJ*«tor   of  fhn    mtjr© 

'  -tx^  on   rv  i  Fw 

of     fh*»      ■  .iff 


t)e  sent  in  to  the  i  J«>r  hia 

design.      He    thii  [ht     to 

Messrs.  Fox  and  Heuder>«on,  and  theae 
gentlemen  immwliately  enc^i^pd  to  prnpju^  i^ 
tender.       It    hnnjieneil  '         ng 

Committee   in   tneir   ii ;  u- 

vited  the  caiMlidatea  for  lai  <  ey 

to  suggest  any  injprovemei)'  \y 

occur  to  them,     lliis  open*  td 

which  Mes8r«.  Fox  and  HerM  le 

to  thrust  their  tender  for  Mi  ^  i.v.  .,  -  ,.*^i. 
Seeing  at  once  it  was,  of  all  other  phuts,  iA£ 
plan'— the  supreme  desideratum— they  tear 
dered  for  it  as  an  **  improvement "  on  tlie' 
Committee's  design. 

Here  a  new  and  formidable  tUfficulty  aroa*. 
It  was  now  Saturday,  and  only  a  few  daym 
more  were  allowed  for  receiving  tenders. 
Yet  before  an  apnroximate  estiiaate  of  expeniifr 
eould  be  formed,  the  great  gUas  manuiac* 
turers  and  iron  masters  of  me  north  had 
to  be  conjiulte<l.  This  happened  to  be  di4t 
mirahUi*  the  third,  for  it  was  the  iden- 
tical Saturday  on  which  thn  Hnuday  postal 
question  had  reached  its  crisii* ;  and  there 
was  to  l>e  no  delivery  next  r1  iv  :  But  in  a 
country  of  electric    telegr^ii  of  in- 

domitable energy,  time  ana  k-s   ara^ 

annihilated,  and  it  is  not  tlic  iua-si  of  ih» 
marvels  wrought  in  connexion  with  the  grea( 
edifice,  that  by  the  aid  of  milwny  parcda 
and  the  electric  telegraph,  not  only  diil  all 
the  gentlemen  summoned  out  of  Wiirwick- 
shire  and  Htaflbrdshlre  appear  on  Monday 
morning'  at  Messrs.  F«»x  and  HciKiersona 
Office,  in  Spring  iiardeiL<,  Jjoadon,  to  con- 
tribute their  sevend  estimjit'H  \u  ilir  tiuder 
for  the  whole  ;  but,  within    i  ;i* 

tractors  had  pre jJtiTed  every  H  "g" 

drawing,  and  hsil  calculated  tli«  cunt  oi  tvery 
}x>und  of  iron,  of  every  inch  of  wood,  and  ot 
every  pane  of  glaas. 

There  Is  no  one  circumstance!  in  the  his* 
tory  of  the  maimfacturiug  enUsrpriat  of  the 
English  nation  which  places  in  ao  stnjug 
a  light  i\A  this  its  boundless  iv-'f''"-  ■  m 
materialfi,  to  say  nothing  of  the  d 

skill  in  computing  at  what  cost,  .u;  -  -  .  w 
short  a  time,  those  materials  could  btf  oon-> 
veiled  to  a  speciid  purpose,  AVTiat  was  done 
in  those  few  days  ?  Two  {larties  in  Londcm. 
relying  on  the  accuracy  and  good  {aith  of 
certain  iron-masteirs,  glaas- workers  in  the 
provinces,  and  of  one  master  carpenter  ia 
Loudon,  bound  themselves  for  a  certain  amn 
of  money,  and  in  the   course  of  some  loor 


THE  PRIVATE  HISTORY  OF  THE  PALACE  OF  GI^SS. 


389  ■ 


montbs,  to  cover  eighteen  acres  of  ground, 
irith  a  building  upwivrtia  of  a  third  of  n. 
mih  long  (18.5t  fc«it — the  exact  date  of  the 
Teai ),  nud  *on»e  four  hiindi-eii  and  fifty  feet 
utxtiuj.  In  order  t^  do  ihitv,  the  <»;lafl»-tnakL*r 
promi3€Ml  to  mipi>ly  lii  the  revjuired  timo, 
f.Tiu.  i.Mri,ir..j  ifiouscmd  Stuart*  ft?«t  of  gUuss, 
!  thiiii  four  hiindrod  tons)  in 

i'  ^  ^  .    and  the^  the  Uu*gest   thftt 

ever  were  maxii)  of  alieet  glass  ;  each  being 
forty-nine  inches  long.  The  iron-master 
passed  \n»  word  in  like  manner  to  cast  in 
due  time  three  thousand  three  hundred  iron 
columns,  varying  from  foiu'teen  and  a  half 
feet  to  twenty  feet  in  k»ugth  :  thirty-four 
mile*  of  guttering  tube,  to  join  every  indi- 
vid\]rti  column  tug»»ther  un«ler  the  ground  ; 
two  thousand  two  hiuidred  and  twenty-four 
ffiniers  (but  some  of  thtri^e  are  of  wrought  iron); 
Besides  eleven  hundred  am!  twenty-ei>^ht  bear- 
ers for  supporting  galleriea.  The  cai'penter 
undertook  to  ^et  ready  witliin  the  specified 
period  two  hundred  and  live  mii^  of  ea&b  bar ; 
flo<»ring  for  am  aren  of  thirty-three  milhons 
of  cubic  feet ;  besides  enormous  quoutitica  of 
wooden  wailing,  louvre  work,  and  partition^* 

It  is  not  till  we  refleot  on  the  vast  fiuma 
of  money  involved  in  transtactiomj  of  this 
nwguitudo^  that  we  can  form  even  a  alight 
notion  of  the  greut,  almost  ruinous^  loea  a 
triiling  arithmetical  error  would  have  occa- 
aonedf  and  of  the  bouudle&«  confidence  the 
parties  must  have  had  in  theti*  reDourcea 
and  in  the  correetueas  of  their  eomputn- 
tions.  Neverthelesa  it  was  one  great  merit  in 
Ml*.  Pax  ton's  original  details  of  me^aurement 
that  they  were  contrived  to  facilitate  calcu- 
latioTL  ii^verything  in  the  great  buildimg  b  a 
dividend  or  multij>le  of  ticrn(y-/our>  The 
internal  columns  tn't  placed  twenty -four  feet 
Ai>9wrt,  while  the  external  ones  Imve  no  more 
tnan  eight  i^.^et  (a  third  of  twenty-four)  of 
separation  ;  while  the  distance  between  each 
of  tlie  traui^ept  columns  i»  three  times  twenty- 
four,  or  eeventy-two  feet.  This  ako  is  the 
width  of  the  middle  ai«le  of  the  building  ; 
the  siile  aisles  are  forty-eight  feet  wide,  and 
the  guUeries  and  eorridora  twenty- four. 
Twenty-four  feet  is  also  the  di»tajioe  between 
«ach  of  the  transverse  gutters  under  the  roof; 
hence,  the  intcrAeniug  bars,  which  are  at 
once  Titfters  an* I  gutters,  are,  neceasarily^ 
twenty -four  feet  long. 

Thei*^  Wiia  littlii  time  for  conaideration,  or 
for  setting  right  a  single  mistake,  were  it 
ever  so  disastrouR.  Uu  the  pre«cribed  day 
the  tender  was  presented,  with  whatever 
iiuperftctions  it  might  have  ha«i^  duly  and 
irredeemably  sealed.  But,  after- checkings, 
have  divulged  no  material  eiTor,  The  result 
wa%  that  Aitjwsi'8-  Fox  and  Hendei-aon'a  offer 
f,,,.  ..,.....,  ;.[^  the  Fuxton  ediiiee  proved  to  be 
t  praeticnble  tender  tlmt  waa  &iib- 

ii   .     .       lUe  Building  Committee. 

*  ThA  ouuitttlfs  Knd  diit>«D>ion«  here  ribolnj  tne  tba&a 
of  tUM  imllinni;  iu  it  no*  iilAuda>    Tlicy  iliiter  btil  kllghtlf 


Tlie  public  have  long  known  what  Aillowpd : 
— ^Mr.  Paxti^n's  GUzed  Palace  wn*  f  ventually 
chosen  unanimously  ;  not  only  by  the  Building 
Committee  but  by  the  Royal  Cummissitm, 
8omt^   modifieationi*  wei'e,  ho*  1 

It  w.vi  de«'ided   tlmt  the  mo^f 

trees  were  to  be  admitted  into  ^i,.    i -.ri.d 

building  ;  and  the  central  transept — the  n.]^x 
of  whose  curvilinear  roof  i»  one  hundred 
and  twelve  feet  from  the  ground — ^was  con- 
trived by  Mr.  Paxtou  for  their  ir»clot«ure.  In 
August  the  space  in  Hyde  Park  was  boarded 
in  J  and  the  first  castings  for  tht>  iron  ^^r^lmnna 
were  delivered  on  the  fourteenth  of  .^ 
Yet,  when  these  pages  meet  the  n 
the  cheapest,  most  gigantic,  and  sufsi.itinal 
structure  ever  dreamt  of,  will  be  nearly  r^uly 
for  decoration. 

If  for  nothing  else,  thi»  tremondoua  pile  of 
transparency  m  aatouudinfj— for  its  cheapneaa. 
It  is  actually  less  coetly  than  an  agricultural 
bam  or  an  Irijah  cabi  n !  A  d  i  vision  of  i  t «  su j:>er  - 
ficiea  in  cubic  feet  by  the  sums  to  be  paid  for 
it,  brings  out  the  aatouishing  quotient,  of  little 
more  tJtan  one  half-penny  (nine  ^ixteentha  of 
a  penny)  per  cubic  toot ;  Hupposljig  it  to  bo 
taken  down  and  returned  to  the  ontitvctors 
when  the  Exhibition  is  over.  Or,  if  it  remain 
a  fixture,  the  rate  of  coat  will  lie  n\lher  kas 
than  a  penny  and  one  twelfth  of  a  penny  per 
cubic  foot.  The  ordinaiy  expense  of  a  barn 
is  moi'e  than  twice  as  much,  or  two-pence 
half)>enuy  f»er  foot.  Here  ai*e  the  figures  i — 
The  entire  edifice  contains  thirtv-three  niD- 
lions  of  cubic  feet  If  borrowed  and  takei? 
down,  the  sum  to  be  paid  is  seventy-nine 
tliousand  eight  hundred  pounds :  if  bought, 
to  l)ecome  a  winter  garden,  one  hundred  and 
fifty  thonsimd  pounds. 

I'he  amallness  of  cost  is  due  to  tlie  prin- 
ciple we  have  previously  ex]>tRine<l,  of  each 
component  of  the  building  beiui^  endowed 
with  more  than  one  purpoee.  The  six  row» 
of  coiumnt  are»  as  had  been  alrea/ly  said, 
not  only  props  but  draina.  They  are  hollow, 
and  into  them  the  ghias  roof  will  deliver 
its  collections  of  water.  In  the  base  of  each 
column  is  inserted  a  horizontal  iron  pipt^  to 
conduct  the  drainage  into  the  sewers.  Theae 
strong  tubes  serve  also  as  foundation  j  they 
are  links  tliat  connect  the  whole  of  the  thiee 
thoumnd  three  hundred  uprights  together. 
At  the  top,  each  column  is  fastened  to  its 
opposite  associate  by  a  girder,  run  up  by 
means  of  a  pole  and  pully  in  a  few  minutes; 
and,  once  fastened,  no  other  steafibldinff  is 
requisite  for  the  roof  which  it  supiwrts.  Thus, 
by  means  of  the  iron  pipes  below,  and  the 
iron  girders  al>ove,  the  eighteen  acrea  ol 
stnictnre  is  held  from  end  to  end  so  compact 
and  fast  that  it  becomes  an  enormous  hollow 
cube,  as  immovable  as  if  it  were^  inate:id,  a 
solid  cube  dropj>ed  down  beside  Rotten  Row 
by  a  gang  of  Titans. 

The  roof*— ^f  whicli  there  are  five,  one  to 
each  aisle  or  corridor,  the  highest  in  the 
middle — play  many  parta.    They  are  lAdndown, 


li^ht    imci    beat    ai;tjast4?r»,   ndn    cotidqctoii} 
outAifie.  aiid  otiuWoaeil  moisture  dacu  within. 
TlK»y    fire    itit«irriiiiiiUjle    rows    of    roo&ug, 
i»o   pbcx^i   an   tu    form    in    tii€    ttf^g:repi%te    a 
|»Uuiu;  in  rtber  w«»rdK,  tlicy  are  parallel  rov^-H 
of  tbc   ielU^r    V    done    in   gbaa,  iu   t^: 
ridded   *'  long^  druwn  oat»"    ihutt  r     V  V 
The  afH^x  of  eaich  **  ridge  "  ia  a  woodcti  lauiii 
bAT,  with  notches  on  cither  side  for  haldLu;^ 
the  sloping  laahs  in  which  ftre  filled  the  cdgea  of 
Uic  glass.     The  bottom,  or  **  fanow  "  bar — 
otherwi««  a  raftor^ — is  hollowed  in  the  ii;   '  " 
to  form  a  gutter,  Into  which  every  di 
jrma  gliders  down  fr         '       lias,  and  p^^ia 
thruugh  the  tr»nsv-  iato  the  hoUow 

eolumua.      ri..,  .,       .,^.,, -A    gutters    are 

foirmed  a'  of  the  girders;  for  the 

roof  is  .^t  ^  "i'!^'-  This  is  not  all:  in 
converting;  a  auift^oatory  for  p^aotB  into 
a  rvsui't  (>H-  hivithinr  beings,  and  tL  dofidt 
for  Articles  er:  "to  be  kept  dry;'* 

V  mal  moisture  mufit 

!      tilt:     l-reath   of   royriada  of 
iiaed   aguluBt  the  glass,  would 


which  Mr, 

purtMTM. 


FlUCtMl 


invcBied  for   that 


^ts  DOW  b«eii  aaid    to  iitdioate 
•  describe  how  oadi  |xtft  of  tine 

■.\^  tYiiUiv   tl,A^t^^l'"    ciiid    how,  OQSl* 


r*'|»t^iL,    thai    tlie    lutertor   t*f 
tlio   rnont    expansive    covered 


the  odifiee  is 
erpurr    tn    til© 


int^>n»Jil 

be    .1: 
visit 

nth-  .  V  ,- 

Th  ir  -i,l5i 

vf  li..'  .  ■■ 
rapi.'i  , 
of  <j\u-   I. 
condense 


ntirinnl    Scotch  niista 

•  1  the  A-like  form 

I       -H'-PTfaiaed  that 

11  to  aalope 

;t:i  I  ii  l«ulf,  do  not 

drops    and    deao«nd 

>ver  the  Binooth  aur- 

thertfore,  he  groov«« 


again,  but  sii)  w  <  I  .  vm  i 
ace.  To  receive  them 
•Mb  rafter  under  the  inside  of  the  glazing. 
lato  them  mroovea  the  condensed  breath  of 
"  all  nationa  will  fall  and  be  ponveye*!  into 
the  tr  ra  ;  thenee  through  theco- 

itiiii  isdiction  of  their  honoura 

the  iviiiuii-j-'M.  I  J,  of  Sewers, 
We  Kubjoiu  a  section  of  the 
ralVer,  to  sliow  the  "  Ptucton 
gtitter,"  and  to  olencli  our  ex- 
planation :  A  \i  the  exterri.'d 
gutter,   ti  D   the  frnmea  of  the 

c   c  the   intenistl   ducta.  ' 

ie8<?  ingenious  rafters  are  cut  out  of  Bolid 
wood,  in  a  iiuu;hiue  (Invented  by  thii  inventor 
of  all  the  rest),  %\ith  incretlible  rapidity.  In 
order  that  there  may  be  a  fall  for  the  water  to 
ren  off,  each  mft^r  is  slightly  curved  ;  and,  to 
correct  warjting,  a  nxl  of  iron,  with  nuts  and 
screws  at  each  end,  fjrrns  the  -rstring  of  the 
!x>w,  BO  aj9  to  rejjruhite  it>;  dfri-'xion.  For  thia 
ingenious  expedient  Mr.  Paxton  has  taken  out 
A  patent. 

We  must  now  give  proof  thai  the  floor  is 
a  ventilator,  and  a  dust-trap.  It  ia  laid  four 
feet  :OKn*e  tlic  sward  of  the  park,  A  aeriea 
of  aubtcrraneouB  lungs  are  thus  provided, 
and  air  la  admitted  to  them,  bv  mejuw  of 
louvrea,  fixod  in  the  outer  walling  of  the 
buLl*i|(ii:r.  These  being  made  to  open  imd  shut 
Ukc\eiielian  blinds,  will  admit  much  or  Utile 
air,  which  irently  pii^aea  through  the  seam.*?  of 
the  0|K'n  Jluoriuir^  and  circtiL-itea  over  the 
building.  Finally,  through  the  openings  uf 
the  floor,  the  daily  accumulations  of  dust  will 
be  swept  into  the  space  below  by  a  machine^ 


worhL     That   some   idea  may  t 
the  cicccffli  tif  it^  cA^iacJty,  we 


th^ 
thii 
or  I 
H 

'I 
vid.:      , 
acrevi,  and  al'^ 
tables,  shall  b; 
leas  tbaa  a  i» 
in  itself  mak 
enterprise,  if 
stamp  it  as 
Year."    F--  •-•*    •  --- 

era  in  i 
Mr.  Pai 
to  quote^  ho  says  :■ — 

**  When  I  consider  the  el  '  cla^a 

and    cast-iron,  and    the  great   i  *h 

whieh  they  can  be  usod,  I  have  h  ut 

many  atmotnre^  similar  to  that  at  i>£al^j* 
will    be  sltadlM  to   dwelHo^-houaes^ 
they  may  s««i*ve  as  nitti:  eooMrv*!^ 

rit»s,  waitinjj-roonif*,   <n  rooroa,   if  X 

may  t>e  -ii'   -     '   the  exjM.-i'.r..u       '    '    w^ 

in  fai't,  «   making  the  % 

•  'i-(il]<*n,   ,  Ni    Tip    i-oViTi-iI     .  ;'h 

1* 

priety  be  sulLwttUitt*d,  1   h»v«  ever 
it  will  be  used  for  buildmrrs  of  vm 
tiona  aad  duu^cter.     Sr 
are  also  sooceptible  oi 
orna&ientation  in  staiiif.^l   •^\m:*  sii>\ 
painting.     I   am  not  without  hope,  however, 
that  gkas  will  l»eeome  nlnK«st  iini 
use,  and  that  the  syntem  will  be  < 
manufacturing   pinf-a*'"    "«  <*■■■'*' 
cemeteries,  and  al 
ings,    8o    that    ev- 

advantageously  apply  it,  m    the  jj rowing 
foreign  fruit  for  the  Ijondnn  Tnark^^ts.     1  crei: 
gosofiatr  as  to  indulge  in  w^  that 

agrieultura  will  be  iiltii;.  \<y  the 

applioition  of  cast-iron  and  j^Uas,  in  shortj 
there  is  no  limit  to  the  uses  to  which  they  may 
be  applied;   and  we  may  »•       -"    '  "r» 

selves,  that  in  tlie  nineteenth  •- 

greas  of  arience,  and  the  spii  i  ■  r  • 

er»,  have  pUced  at  ourdispo^  t. 

of  lUJktenals  whidi  were  uj.  -  _  .  he 
ancients,  and   thereby   enabled   us  U>  CT9ot 

*  A  frta^errtttntj  on  the  o«w  plui,  tXUthtA  %9  a  kSVi 

of  Mr.  I'uton'ft,  in  I>erb7Bblr(u 


i^ 


THE  MODERN  BOLDTEH'S  PROGRESS. 


391 


atich  structnreg  ■•  would  bjbve  been  deemed 
bupos^tble,  even  in  the  exrlj  piut  oif  tht;  pre- 
•  sent  ecnt:uj7." 


^       TF 

l  ant 


TIIE  MODEIiX  SOLDIEirS  PROGRESS. 


Ml.  Brofulcaat, 

iin  i?xpeflirTits 

lis  plana  ;  and 

he  fti"st  heard 

'    of  **  We   are 


Macrkte  Sata&k  w«a  one  fif  a  fiunily  of 
en  children,  wbose  {Nffente  wer*  poor 
oottAgerB  in  WlltBhire,  and  lived — aa  poor 
cott4i^^rs  contrive  to  li\TJ — on  the  lowest 
wages  for  tiu?  Imrdegt  labour.  The  futher*8 
strongth  and  the  mothor'e  health  t'tuled 
them  utterly  before  their  i*liU^t  ^'\  wtm 
Iwelve  years  old,  kud  thyy  both  dje<i 
within  ft  few  raontlia  of  t  aeh  other,  leaving 
their  fiwnily  on  the  pansh.  Seven  fresh  in- 
rontee  in  one  day  were  a  seriouB  pull  on  the 
fundi}  of  A  union  »o  hetivily  hm-deTve*!  with 
lianiwrB  sua  WalLlngtoii ;  bur 
tl»c  ovei^eer,  wa«  an 
and  prompt  in  the  ex< 
bcfoi-e  a  wi^  '  '  ' 
the   fomii'l  "      I 

Bcven  !"  ht-  h,.i-i  v-..iixiivi_-il  i- 
the  number  in  such  a  w;i}        ;     i    ii  I  ^ 

pfunsh  from  mnch  of  the  thiLU'Liir  1  ex^  jus", 
and  so  ti.»  diiipose  of  the  otbe»  as  to  make  it 
fail  Lightly  on  the  lutes. 

The  three  eldeatj  who  were  girls,  gave  their 
unpaid  servicei*  to  neij,dibourini^  fai'mera,  by 
whom  they  were  employed  chiefly  in  house- 
hold work.  >Luince,  tho  foiArth,  was  initiated 
idflo  into  the  rayBtt-nes  of  a  farmer's  life  ; 
but  ua  hb*  ii^e  did  not  adroit  even  of  tnrnip- 
pulUu^.  he  bejgan  literally  at  the  beginning 
antl  oitictated  tor  the  fii'«t  yeai'  or  two  m  a 
score-crow.  In  this  caixunty,  when  he  didn't 
go  biitk'  nestingrj  or  V»Iackberrying,  or  fk\\ 
asleep — occuiTencea  which  were  not  rare — ^he 
figurod  with  a  certain  decree  of  respectability. 
'ut  trace  his  sgricnltunU  career  through  the 
several  phages  of  cattle-driving,  «^'ine-tending, 
potato-digging,  haj-maklng,  sheep-waahing, 
111  nd    reaping,   till    be   attained   the 

Id  :i  plonghbcjy  doing  a  plougbman*8 

Wi'iiv,  x^.-Lild  be  tiesi'Je  the  pnrpow  of  thii. 
narrative.  We  find  him  at  cijL,'hit^ea  yeai's  of 
jv<«i'  ill  tliM  fvipacity  just  inentioued. 

inrice  longed  for  was  to  do  as  hia 
.  v:^  had  done — get   up  to  London. 

They  hrui  all  found  "  placet*,"  and  why  should 
not  he  likewise  ?  He  did  not  aim  at  being  a 
butler  ivli  at  once,  or  even  at  the  situation  of 
:i  valet.  But  what  be  wanted  was  '^to 
1  -  '  >elf/'  and  he  conoeiTed  that  London 
^  L'st  placQ  for    him  to  make   the 

iniciu^n  lu.  He  rose  with  the  "■--  —  fine 
enimmer's  morning,  and  disre^-M  for- 

ni--ilit;    itC   Icn  Vr'-t;iklrity     **iT»ploVu'' j     .-,..    .    ^--j    tO 

d    before    the    sun 
Si  y  miles  from  Wal- 

lici^^iuti,  oil  kis  w;iy  Lu  (lie  goldou  metropolis. 
He  hod  no  bed  to  go  t^s,  and  his  supper 
was  somewhat  of  the  scantiest ;  but  he  liHti 
net  been  so  t<^^derly  nurtured  as  to  make 
him  think  the  lee  of  a  haystack  a  very  un- 


comfortable Clinch  ;  or  a  piece  of  bread^the 
gift  of  a  woman  nearly  ss  poor  a^  himself— 


fl..  .L, 


than  half  a 


til  at  yet<  Uy  before  him  as  k 
day's  journey. 

lliat  hulf  djiy*a  jonrnoy  was  gfit  ovsr — ^with 
a  little  limping,  it  is  trup.  \mt  ffill  FH?com- 
plislied — andMa«ri<<  t    ,,,^on, 

quite  at  liberty  to  w'  tlmt 

presented  itself  for  In^     i  awk- 

ward ploughboy,  bai*ely  «ri  d^  is 

not  exactly  the  peraou  w  ,^...  .  .x.j  ■  ^lueut 
the  moment  he  asks  for  it,  in  a  city  where, 
according  to  the  popular  belief,  "  one  half  ot 
those  who  go  out  in  the  morning  have  no 
certain  knowledge  that  they  5.hall  get  a  meal 
before  they  return  at  night." 

He  accordingly  passed  the  font  four-and- 
twenty  hours  of  hi*  \TJiit  to  the  nietropoiis, 
w  ithont  food,  cr  the  slightest  means  of  pro- 
curing it,  anvi  might  have  repeated  the  pro- 
gramme, to  the  caitastrophe — starvation  ;  but 
in?<*  :is  he  waa  thinkingwhetber  it  would  not 
!  well  to  return  to  WlllshlreT  chance  threw 
!  Ml  t1ii>  way  of  a  recruiting  party,  veiy  gaily 
with  ribbons  of  every  hue,  and 
It  devil  inay-care  expression  on  their 
cuuuWuatices,  which  proves  eo  irresistible 
both  to  youth  and  maiden.  To  encounter  a 
young  fellow  like  Matirice,  with  fara^ine  in  his 
C3'e9,  and  thinst,  long  unslaked,  on  his  dry  lifis 
— fitrong  tokens  of  the  ardent  recruit — was  a 
gotlsend  to  Sergeant  Pike  who  commande»l 
the  imrty,  find  who,  at  the  mnr-  -  *  •  '^  very 
much  put  to  it  to  make  up  a  ^  nits 

He  accordingly  invited  Mauri l.  d  in  " 

and  **  take  a  pot,"  to  which  bi«ead  and  ciieeae 
were  speedily  added,  and  then,  in  miUtsjy 
phrase,  the  Serjeant  at  once  broke  ground. 

This  g:dlant  individual  did  not,  it  is  true, 
find  Maurice  altogether  unprepared  for  the 
jii"Of>o«ition  which  he  made  luin,  to  accept  the 
short  cut  to  fortune  which  is  so  obviously 
within  the  reach  of  every  private  soldier  in 
the  British  anny;  for  where  •-  '*■-  -Tititry 
lad  to  be  found,  who  hiw  n*it  i-  i   the 

splendid  vision,  whether  impt..    nls  it 

by  the  love  of  glor)%  or  the  pertidioue  conduct 
of  "Nancy  V     But  the  notion  was  to<ji  indis- 
tinct for  any  practical  appUeation,  till  th*?  cer- 
tainty of  ite  realisation  waa  set  forth  in  the 
glowing  language  of  Sergeant  Pike.     A  few 
pints  or  beer,  a  red-herring,  or  **  a/tger/'  as  he 
lacetiously  called  it,  an  exordium  on         '    '    . 
easy,  •^ge^tl'mUv"   duties  of   the 
glai»*  or  two  01  hot  whiakey  and 
brief  allusion  to  the  Duke  of  ^ 
career, — "  his  hick,  3'0«  know,  maj  i 
or  mine  to-morrow/' — and  then  came  the  in- 
evitable  shilliii::  whi'b,  trom  a  mert*  haw- 
buck, converts  •  Savi^  hi  to  a  full 
privTitc  iit  Her  -^errice, 

Medical  ins^>eclion  and  alte^tattin 
Wiltahire  recruit  Wfis  forthwith  ri 
with  some  ten  or  a  doicn  other  aepirnuts  lor 


392 


HOUSEHOLD  WOBBS. 


glory , tinder  proper  0^  ■' ^•^"  <>♦  ^^ "  ^  I p"i -1 "" ^'•"« 
of   tlio  rej^dnieDt  *i' 
A  few  yc/iTs  before  m 

Savage,  a  todioaa,  toilaiime  ami  (jutmloiilenB 
niarJh  would  bnve  fonucd  iho  iirtrodaction  to 
his  niililAry  duties,  vritii  (Uiioiigsl  oilier  evils, 
a  fjicility  Tor  deaertion,  in  tli«  event  of  the  hot 
lit  havir»>j  pnssetl  away  ;  but  the  rft'dwny  obvi- 
iUod  all  these  incuDveMicncea,  iu)d  iiiat-ead  of 
In'inj^  twelve  days  on  the  roiul,  the  journey 
wn*i  now  pei-fonutnl  in  half  as  luany  lioiins; 
and  th**  rvfniitrt  anrivod  at  tlieir  ik^slioation 
pt-iiectly  frvah,  fmd  quite  of  opinion  tbai  u 
noldier'a  lift^  tnubt  bvf  u  pleasant  ont\  aince  at 
tite  v^ry  outsot  they  were  allowed  to  ride  in 
oarriagea ! 

ThJH  id«»a  waa  slightly  modified  the  next 
day,  wheti  they  were  formed  into  a  =;quad,  and 
l)v.*  process  of  "  setting-uj* "  begiaL  The  rirst 
ghmcf  at  a  batch  of  rocruitti  from  an  a^icul- 
tural  diHtriet,  is  not  particularly  re-aaauring  ; 
to  knead  and  mould  the  cloda  into  slmpe, 
appcant  aliuoMt  a  ]iiipolt»88  undertaking,  at 
Iwuft  to  the  uninitialt'd  ;  but  Cc»rporal 
Hattler  wua  an  experienced  hand,  and  liad 
de«ili  BO  much  in  fltublKini  luateriAJii,  that 
the  word  "difficulty"  found  no  plac«  in  his 
vocabrdary,  Tiie  nwn  wrrii  there  to  l>e  diiUed 
and  nuido'doldiere  of,  and  it  wa»  not  hia  fault 
if  b<?  clid  not  turn  them  'tut  pei-fect.  Corporal 
Ral.tJf  r  W!U4  a  fine,  boidierlikc  fellow,  standing 
six-ft*ct-</De  in  hJui  atockiugB,  atraight  aa  an 
WTow,  and  flexible  as  hi\  ev\ ;  lie  had  "  the 
gift  of  the  gab"  to  a  siirpribing  extent,  was 
"  smart "  in  all  his  moveuienta,  and  know  his 
duty  thoroughly.  There  waa  only  one  di'aw- 
back  to  hia  many  qualitieatiou»,  but  that  waa 
A  fatal  one ;  he  was  given  to  driiik.  But  for 
thia  propenaity,  he  might  long  before  have  at- 
tained the  rank  of  Sorjeiint-Major  of  Uiu  rcgi" 
njeut,  with  a  very  fair  proapest  of  a  commiJ** 
eion ;  but  the  c^uiteeu  within  the  baiTack-yard, 
and  the  publlc-houaea  outside,  neutralised  all 
his  advantogeSj,  and  got  him  so  &(&queully 
;.,f  i,  ,.-,,pg  lYyjj^i  adrancc'ment  waa  out  of  the 
^  tid  the  i*ank  of  Corporal,  which  he 

I  tn  hold^  waa  solely  for  tht^  pur- 
TKiec  im  authority  with  the  recruits 

ne  \v;i  .d  to  train.    The  kindeat  re- 

nionattmicfti,  tw*  well  as  measures  of  no  alight 
aeverity,  had  been  resorted  to  by  the  adjutiuit 
and  the  commanding  officer,  and  do  man  was 
more  penitent  for  his  faults  thim  Cor|x)nd 
Eat  tier,  nor  nioj*c  prodigal  of  promises  for 
future  goo<!-hehaviour.  But,  unfortunately, 
the  "invisible  spirit"  of  ilrink  overe»rae  all, 
and  instead  of  what  he  might  have  been — a 
model  to  imitate — he  became  an  example  to 
tkauL  No  jKiiTnaueut  command,  involving  a 
Beparatc  reapoasibility,  waa,  therefore,  ever 
entrusted  to  him;  but  hia  services  were 
too  valuable  as  a  drill  to  admit  of  his 
being  di::iplaccd  in  that  capacity ;  and  a  con- 
#itanl  supervision  being  at  hand,  no  harm 
was  likely  to  accrue  from  giving  him  such 
«niployiaent 

Corporal  Battler  was  a  master  of  slang,  and 


>f   .-mtili 


bl 


l-.-v 


hwl  &  happy  manner 
which  were  a   perfect  «  \ 

but  the   individuals,  thr  f 

them  ;  and  wiifthcr  ho  \\n»  bn-sv  wiiU  hii  re- 
cruits, or  taking  a  hand  at  "  Uvea  '*  whcm 
|uinule  wag  over,  there  waa  »ure  to  bt*  a  hirge 
audience  of  men  off  duty, — und  now  And  tbni 
an  officer,  a  lit  •  ^  i  - 

joy  the  f«u.     y  t 

th«Uie    forCMI|Hirni     h.\' 

\*^nt  itself  to  all  soils  f 

theui  eotMi'i".  iitiir\ —  ,    ,  .^ 


fK-arancp 


out- 


line of  till  I      ^  IIS  : 

"  Now  then,  Mister  >  i 

il«p  wootJa  to-day!     Tbi  i 

►  upon  ua; — let^s  aee  if  we  cjui't  ^  ». 

I  little  civi-Zt-sation  !     Up  witrh  \< 
nobody's  a-goiu'  to  take  your  wi    '  rv 

them  knecH,  you  slmll  go  tc  i  1- 

!>y,  when  your  liinbe  i*  ^r  t 

clench  your  fiiUe*  aa  if  vi  * 

in  'em,  Mister  Savage  !  ! 

we  didn't   como  on  JMir  - 

we  're  not  oannyballfs,    '\  i  .'* 

not!      Now    then,   hide    that    li»  ' 

belliea  ain't  of  no  u9€  in  the  >irmy, 
ing  contrairy  U^  the  articles  of  war.     1  nliiiU 
have  to  keep  you  here  till  l/itt*H>,  rh^-^u^Lfh  I 
»uppo»o    you're     tattooetl  '       r 

Savage,  &c^  &e^'*  with  more  <  ( 

to  an  indefinite  extent,  indittern. 
read,  but  sufficiently  amuaing  to  rv 

it  served  as  a  nmning  conmieuUii,>  >mi  ^av 
awkwardness  of  the  young  soldier. 

By  dint,  however,  of  much   drilltuvv  iWiA 
awkwardness  gradually  wore  off, 
ordeal  was  severe  for  a  youth,  wb.  - 

rally  disposed  to  prefer  icUeness  t-  I 

who  liad  entered  the  army  for  tlu  f 

"  taking  it  easy."  At  daybreak  the  *  iuL^UU  " 
waa  b«at— jjrobably  by  Addi«k»nV  nfti^etnU 
drummer — ^tor  unless  he  who  did  /  '  '  -I 
the  drumsticks  in  his  sleep,  it  wa»  • 

imagine  that  the  reguhit '  *'•  u; 

was  not  supernatural. 

waa  an  immeilLate  stir  i*.  ;.  _,a, 

and   woe  betide  any  lazy  r.  «   laid 

down  bis  bead  for  another  •*  1-    ^  "  tO 

dream  of  the  paternal  pigaty,  wlucii  Imply  he 
might  never  wee  again;  the  water  for  tli© 
morning  ablutions  would  have  been  a|i}die4l 
in  so  liberal  a  manner  as  at  onoe  to  convince 
the  dreamer  that  *'  cold  pig "  was  a  ri.itUty. 
To  di-esa  as  quickly,  but  at  the  same  time  um 

carefully  as  posBible,  was  the  ftrs'    ' ' '  f , 

but  Ijefore  the  toilet  was  quite  fir^  'i 

man  made  his  bed  after  <'■►.  mHlf 

rolling  up  his  paillasse,  f  * 

aeparately  and  laying  tJ<  .  a 

a   pi-escribed   neatness,  which   soon    became 

habit;  and  then  the  iron  bedste^ul   Itself  was 

pulled  out  from  the  wall  and   tin 

l^nving  room  for  the  men  to  move. 

mg  the  air  to  circulate  freely,     Uu 

had  made  him  perfect,  Maurice  iSa  •  i 

it  no  easy  matter  to  be  quite  ready  i<>  lmi:  ux. 


Cto(lMlM«ik«»[^t 


THE  MODERN  S0LDIEB*8  PROGRESa 


when,  a  second  time,  the  drum  beat  for  the 
Aa^arabh,"  He  then  fcorried  out  to  the 
parRfle^  and  took  his  appointeil  place  in  the 
iMiiiuU;  A  miuut*  inapection  followed,  Wy  that 
avvhil  inquiaitor-^eneral,  the  Sergeaat-Major 
(a  fiinetionary  who,  iu  a  moment  of  relaxn- 
tiori,  iiermits  the  **  non-commisaioued  "  to  call 
him  ''  Major "  only) ;  and  if  a  single  button 
of  bis  fatigue  jacket  were  undone,  if  the  but- 
tons themselves  were  not  as  bright  as  rotten- 
Btone  could  make  them^  if  his  forage  cap  were 
not  put  on  at  precisely  the  pro|>er  angle,  if  the 
dagp  of  hiB  stock  were  dull  or  uii&jitene<U 
and  if.  moreover,  he  were  not  perfectly  clean 
from  he^id  to  foot,  adieu,  for  that  day  at  least, 
to  all  chaii:;e  of  recreation,  uulcs*  he  happened 
to  take  deliffht  in  confinement  to  barnicks, 
with  a  few  houra  extra  drilL  But  whether 
the  di'ill  were  extra  or  regular  appeared  much 
the  »ame  sort  of  thing  to  Maurice  Sa\'afi:e, 
for  exc<3pt  during  the  brief  period  allotted  for 
meals,  fals  Impression  was  that  he  was  always 
at  it.  A  vision  of  Coqxti-al  Rattler,  with  his 
ftharp  tonea,  and  short  flexible  cane,  was  ever 
present  to  hia  imagination ;  and,  to  say  the 
tnitht  it  did  not  require  any  violent  exercise 
of  the  imagination  to  conjure  him,  at  anv 
moment,  b>efore  the  uubajipy  recruits  in  all 
the  physical  identity  of  six-lcet-one. 

At  length  the  goose-step  was  abandoned, 
the  nacing-stick  laid  aside,  and  the  time-keep- 
Ing  bullet  returned,  with  the  string  attached 
to  it,  to  Corporal  Rattler*a  pocket.  Maurice 
Savoffe  ha<i  achieve^l  the  difficult  art^  of 
Btaiumig  upright,  of  halancing  hiuL^elf — like 
m.  cnaie — on  one  foot,  of  stepping  out  fiurly 
with  a  pointed  toe  and  raised  instep^  of  facing 
to  ail  the  po'mta  of  the  compaaa,  by  whole,  half 
and  quarter  movements,  of  turning  round 
u}X)n  himaeJf — like  the  hite  Loi\l  Lontlon- 
derry — of  keeping  step  without  kicking  his 
front  rank  man  ;  of  doing  all,  iu  short,  that  a 
Boldier  is  ma*lc  to  do  l>efore  arms  are  put 
into  hii^  hands.  When  these  feats  were  ac- 
oamplished,  he  was  introduced  to  **  Brown 
Bftis,"  and  many  a  weary  hour  he  passed  in 
that  lady's  society,  acquiring  a  knowledge 
of  the  variou8  puiposes,  ornamental  as  well  as 
useful,  to  whicn  tno  musket  can  be  aoplied. 
Occasionally,  when  there  was  a  demana  else- 
where for  Coqx)i-al  Rattler  a  services,  or  when 
perchance,  that  worthy  waa  himself  under  a 
cloud  for  "inebriation"  (as  the  pompous 
Sergeant-Major,  who  never  used  any  but  tlie 
finest  wortls,  always  called  it),  a  Scottish  in- 
aiructor,  one  Sergeant  Mac  Fdc,  would  incul- 
cate tlie  mysteries  of  the  "Manual  and 
Platoon."  This  transfer  was  not  very  favour- 
able to  the  pupil's  rapid  progr^s  j  for  where- 
as tJie  word  of  command  or  instruction  from 
Corporal  Rattler,  \i-as  alwa>^  brief,  clear  and 
intelligible,  that  which  fell  from  the  lips  of 
Sergeant  Mac  File,  was  shrouded  by  a  dialect 
which  kept  the  liat^iner  perpetually  on  the 
teutot^hooks,  to  understand  him.  Thus,  in 
order  to  "present  arma^"'*  a  movement,  not 
without  grace  or  effect,  when  well  execute!, 


BaUyeen, 


Maurice  was  required  to  have  hia 
cheest  advanced,  coke-h^"'^  "  '^»^^'-ii» 
and  lat  the  waght  of  tl 
taes,"  a  passage  of  arta  ,  i 

comjo-ehending  the  laug^ua^  it  waa  described 
in^  he  was  d^r  from  recdenng  either  graceful 
or  effective.  So,  also,  wheu  he  was  told  to 
mind  his  *'^prymiu'  and  loddiu'  peseetion,'^ 
the  instructions  which  were  to  render  that 
poaition  X'aluablis  might  have  attained  th&t 
object  much  sooner  if  ihert*  liail  been  a  dingo- 
man  at  Ilia  elbow  to  tmuslat<j  broad  Soota 
into  honest  Wiltd.  Under  the  auspiocs  ot 
Sergeant  Mac  File,  n  miliUtry  education  yr»» 
the  pursuit  of  know]e<lgt>  under  very  great 
difficulties — under  those  of  Corfwral  Rattler 
difficulties  existed,  but  they  arose  from  the 
nature  of  the  subject, — his  system  was  ex- 
plicit enouffh,  and  was  enforced  by  methods, 
which  needed  no  foreign  interpretation. 

The  day,  at  last,  cxmie  when  the  Mac  File 
ciog  was  no  longer  a  stumbling-block,  and 
Maurice  Savage  w^ta  repijiltxl  tit  fur  duty. 
Six  months  had  greatly  changed  him,  not 
only  in  his  outwai'<l  appearance,  but  in  the 
"  nwral "  of  that  individual.  It  is  true  he  had 
still  a  red  head,  but  it  was  clipoed  very  close, 
and,  in  a  manner,  aVuaorbed  by  the  blaze  of  Uia 
re^mentids  ;  the  number  of  freckles  had  not 
dimLnished  beneath  the  influence  of  out<loor 
exercise  ;  but,  while  the  hue  of  health  waa  oa 
his  cheek,  their  presence  waa  of  little  conse- 
quence, as  the  fac-dimile  of  his  couutenance 
was  not  wanted  to  adorn  a  hair-dreaser  s  shop. 
On  the  other  hand,  his  features  had  begun  to 
express  some  of  the  intelligence  which  was 
working  within  him,  and  the  ungainlineaa, 
which  had  been  a  in?proach,  was  quite  gone, 
— ^thanks  to  the  rouch  practice  of  Corporat 
Rattler,  who  treated  liis  recruits  much  iu 
same  way  tluit  A  l^^methy  did  hia  patientij. 

Maurice  Savage,  as  we  have  ulresidy  iuf 
mated,  had  not  reclined  upon  a  bed  of  down 
during    the     abov  '      ^'d     six    months, 

neither  had  his  -  rendered  uncaav 

by  too  many  rose-'  .  if  he  slept  hardl 

fatigue  made  hitt  iiid  one;  and,  ii 

he  took  more  exer  .  i  i  he  iiad  bai'gained 

for  in  the  outset,  the  result  was  an  appetite 
of  the  most  cm-inLble  .]►  ^rription^ — for  it  wa» 
one  that   wa  tied.      And  this 

allusion   briiju  ^tion  of  some  in- 

terest with  rcgiird  to  the  mode  of  living  of 
thousands  of  our  unnulitary  counti-jTuen, 
who  have  an  equal  stimulus  to  hunger  with 
the  Holdier  :  equid — nay,  better  means  of  gi»r 
tifying  it ;  but  who — not  acting  in  concert, 
having,  in  short,  no  "meaa"— eat  Ihtir  ft»od 
in  an  ill-prepared  state,  with  little  protit  ta 
their  health,  and  very  little  enjoyment, 

*'  A  shilling  a-day  " — says  the  old  song— 


"  Is  very  good  pay ; 
It  *9  double  n  tester — 
The  King  's  a  good  mftsteT,"  4c., 

and  out  of  the  shilling  a-day  rather  more  ttijoi 
two-thirda  are  deducted  for  the  lioldicr's  d:diy 


^ 


394 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


IC«i*4w«idLby 


But  tbis  stuUf   which   we 
oidl  «igliipeuc<» — the  odd  U»lt\mmr  in 
■toprpiiMS  being    iilticffd    to  the   tv 
*  imiiiiii^  "^providta    him   with    ^ 
he  M I  ■  "  ■     ■ 


will   of   eooli   workman  who    proviiici 
thr  '  'lifiittT  how  Hn»l  wh^r^  h*  ffin 


lili 


» 


W 


1 


luft]  wiiii      III  ii 

htoi  a  poand  oi 
«s(«  at  br^kftth^  —    .. 
coffee,  !tcot»fdiuur  to   th*.' 

noil   tlu*    utlirr    half  he    i    ^  - 

U,"  which   i»   not  cjitcn   allwr 
i»ts  but  rnther  more  <)  h  Ht.yer, 
m  Liic  kUa|>ti  of  wcU*boUe<i   meat  < 

wup,  iiuii  accoinrianiAii   hy  p<»t)a.. 
mill  other  vegeUhlf 
renuioB  otit  of  the 

maot^  an  eveuitig  rcpiust  of  Urn  or  eoiFte  is 
Added,  with  auch  »  ^Kjrlion  of  bread  aa  m*>' 
^la^•©  bwsu  saved  fjvm  tho  prrc<?*iiag  mcal». 
That  ihb  meal  ougbt  not,  however,  to  be  k 
nurity,  but  a  regular  thing,  will  be  fuhnitttid 
by  uU  who  ooQfticier  th&t,  titilefiii  he  provides 
hunaclf^  the  soldier  h»»  lutlhin)^  U>  e^t  from 
000  o'clock  in  the  day  till  oij^dit  the  foUowiug 
aonuQg^ — a  fa6t  of  nineteen  hours.* 
The  eokli^^r's  tiinntT  is,  liow<^vcr,  a  good 

OQi^,  rtr  '   -^1   t*>  be  no  ;   for,   besides  that 

tiie  p:  re  alwava  }^>ud,  tniUt&i^  cooks 

fi^-i'v  i >reiitii>e«ihip  to  that  as  well  as 

,  two  meu  jwr  Compwiy  being 
V  iiiit  purposes,  at  intervali  kinjK 

«ttough  to  give  them  some  ktiowteflge  of  this 
art.  There  mv  variMna  superintendents  t<3 
kaire  an  evo  upon  the  cooka'  nroLjeedinj,^ ; 
tfas  old  Itauils  who  have  dabbl^J  in  the 
agriierjr ;  the  quarter-master  seijeant,  who 
waiighs  out  the  materialfl  for  it^  and  the 
offioer  of  the  day,  who  inspects  the  kettles 
befoi-*  they  are  removed  from  ttie  kitcheuja, 
h«aide«  attending  aflerwanky  wh«jn  the  tuques 

that 

,        .     -  V^' 

ticular  mquir)^ 

Witii  re^nl  to  a  body  of  workmen  in  a 
&ctoi  lar)»e  est«bli«hraent,  why,  we 

aak^  t;  liotne  «udi  syatt^m  be  adopted 

aa  previuis  m  th«  army  ?  A  quarter-master 
miglit  easily  b©  found,  to  purchase  provisions 
at  whoIcaaJe  prices ;  cooking  places  could 
alwnvB  bo  obtained,  and  persons  honest  and 
ugh  procurtni  to  prepare  meala  of 
it  deAoriptiou  ;  and  tlicme  at  an 
•:ost  ikr  less  than  the  daily  outlay 


it  clear  t<>   hitu  what 
*  piping  tiiue  of  \>iur*' 


ar«  actually  served  out,  and  ascertaitmig 
all  is  njfiht,  by  personal  obserration  ana 


ilili 


W«  •!»  glud  tD  ftnebf  (vliU«  tliia  «rtiele  n , 

wrlttea)  tkat  Mtvaataga  tULi  imen  tofcas  of  tJb«  exMlnf  lorn 
^ce  or  pmrtaAoiu,  fend  Hut  ih»  oosdtttoD  of  tlM  aoldiBr 


b»»,  Tery  rocCDtlT,  been 


•.^rvlHR  »n  th«  ColBolaa,  with  r^gfd  to  th«  Mopp«(e 
Jy,  been  uodi^  tin 
OoreramCTit,   tmd   tUat  H   lii  Intend vd  to 


I  lie  ilh>!iit  fiv«.f»i>uc«,   Kt   wliieb  It  stiutdi   tt 

JPH  (tru,   to  lareepenciv-hBlfiMMtHy.    TT>e  noocMity  §r,,r  ihb 
st«p  hM  be«n  made  appannit  hi  the  «tFiflBiicn  t»km  b^'toPti 
tha  c^omiattlMi  on  Amiv  *.t]d  OnJiunai  Gspuufltttn? ;  nnd 
the  cflipct  of  lowering  tba  wwt  of  the  ntUitt  'f 
n(  meat  und  i*ne  poutld  of  biQjid  In  thrMpenr' 
Will  L«  td  IcMvv  tu  ttio  coldlar  atnoad  ei^htpenc. 
wit  of  wWch  he  wUl  prorfdc  biillM'ir  wlUi  crther  »nK;^f.  i.t 
tiod  eoaduciTe  to  Ula  bcaltb  tod  «i»rolart. 


few  weeks  bad  ma^ie 
soldier's  life,  even  ui  ^ 
really  was,  he  cauae  to  tht 
iiuc  way  or  another,  he  was  ;.  1 

in  his  military  capacity  as  if  ho  h^A  HvLi4.k  Lo 
his  bucoUcal  ptirsuita,  though  the  wnt-^  u%-vs 
of  a  different  dascription,    1.'  i 

manor  tha common  labourti  l^ 

cut  out  for  him  as  soon  ah  ^    ms 

eyes  in  the  morning.    Luteal  tu  of 

horses  he  had  a  set  of  a^ooutt   ... :  j  1o<^ 

after,  belts    to   pipeclay,    pouch    to    poliah, 
knapsack  to  pack,  and  arms  to  ketf^ji  In  order 
— a  harder  task  at  drst  than  yokmg  Boxer 
and  Badger.    loatead  of  turning  over  a  Diii»* 
acre  tie  la  at  his  own  clod-Kopping  paoo,  he 
ha^^l  to  ti-averse  the  same  extent  of  groand  in 
ordinary,  in  quicl^  in  double,  in  every  farieiy 
of  "  time,"  w;tli  fourteen  pounds'  waight  of 
musket  and  bayonet  on  his  shoulder^  and 
mora  than  double  that  load  on  his  back  in 
tlie  shape  of  a  fiill  knafwaok    CcAA,*J   ^^f^ailt 
coat  and  canteen  ;  in  that  coi'  liort, 

which  is  known  as  being  **ui  !j  hii»c 

order/*      Not  always,  of  course,  i 

cnutijtjh  to   convince  him  that    "  i  .1 

soldiers"  was  as  serious  apur    lii    >^    ^sUi^t-* 
ling  at  the  plough,  let  the  cuts-  .J  1  .  .l*  gtiiT 
as   you  please.      Then    there  came   guard- 
mounting — with    breakfast    between,   where 
the   full   private  had  the   advantage  of  the 
pioiighmao,  if  not  in  quantity,  at  aO  events 
in  quality  and  comfort — but  the  duty  involved 
in  mounting  guaid,  though  not  ao  laborioui 
aa  carting  manure,  was  more  piu^Ll**uLLf  jm 
well  as  more  fragrant.     A  day's  v 
fields   is,  after  ul,  but  a  day V  \^ 
mounting  guard  is  an  occupation  which  not 
only  includes  the  day  but  tho  night  alao.     To 
say  nothing  of  tlie  loneliness  or  remoteness  of 
the  po3t,  the  fact  of  beiutf  on  aentrv  for  eiffht 
hours  out  of  the  tu  '    '    ]f  that 

time  in  the  dark.  iir>  nalty 

if  sleep   should    Ite    i.i.i.ii;^.  .^    m    ».*.^  ii-^     -t 
agreeable  in  practice,  as  turniu^'  in    t<< 
loft  or    flock-bed  and  suorijii:  tA\  ^In.    j.. 
When  it  happened  also,  from  4' 

the  garrison,  the  number  of  si  jutal 

ami  other  causes,  that  the  troopM  iiavit  oidy 
tJiree    or  perhaps    two  nights    in  bed,  th© 
pleasure    of   giiard-mounting    Is    not    rerjf 
greatly  enhao^  in  the  estimation  of  a  heavy 
sleeper. 

Howe\*er,  without  pursuing  the   cofilrasi 
l^^ptweeu    miliLary  and   npr      '♦     ^        rmiita 
any  further,  it  may  be  that 

Maurice  Savage  found  th..,  .:.    .....;.     ^nnv^ 

hiia  quite  as  much  to  do  as  the  latter,  axid 


BITS  OF  UFE  IN  MUNICH. 


395 


that  be  was  Dot  quite  so  much  hisowQ  moater. 
A  ploughboy  is  not,  perhaps,  the  iiioet  inile* 
peTnlf?nt  pereon  in  creation  ;  jmd  if  he  niiia 
away  fvcan  one  employer,  tuoat  find  Ai^othcr, 
or  starve :  but  he  seems  to  have  a  kind  of 
choice,  little  as  the  choic*}  in/iy  be  worth. 
T^  I  t;  r^  on  the  other  hand,  who  long?  for 
J  I  helps  himself  to  it,  has    uo  fri^h 

ui..  '>'^     he  is  quite  an  liable  to  starve, 

and  TV  -t  of  all,  he  Ktands  the  chance 

— if  1  <T,  whicli  he  generally  i» — of  a 

J  I'ji  lillowauce  of  puuiBhment.     On 

u  L  we  may  obaervc,  that  the  first  time 

the  Aiticles  of  War  were  read,  after  Maurice 

C'aed  the  regiment,  he  gave  himself  up  for 
t ;  he  had  groped  his  way,  he  thought, 
into  a  countzy  covered  with  pit-falls,  which 
threattnod  to  entrap  him  at  everj'  turn.     Ajs 

{jaragniph  after  paragraph  wtis  thundered 
brth  in  the  aonoroas  tcnea  of  Hi<^  n.lintAnt, 
he  imagQied  that  he  could  bo:  itch 

hb  heaia  in  the  ranks  without  )  le  to 

**  suffer  Death,  or  such  other  pumnhment  as 
by  ageueral  Couit- martial  eball  be  awarded  " 
•—the  Utter  alternative  sounding  as  formid- 
able in  his  ears  ba  death  itself ;  and  it  was  a 
long  time  before  he  acquired  a  precise  know- 
ledge of  what  the  crimes  were,  which  were 
thuB  severely  visited. 

But  *'  use  lemeoB  trnkrvel ; "  and  as,  by 
degrees,  he  found  that  hanging,  drawing,  and 
<|iiirtering;,  were  not  things  of  erery  day 
•oocnrrenoe  in  the  regiment ;  that  his  com- 
pany was  not  dccimiited  hourly  ;  and  that  the 
worst  which  befiel  his  conini»ies  for  ordinary 
faults^  (and  there  were  rarely  any  other  com- 
mitted)^  was  a  little  extra  drill,  a  few  days 
confwement  to  barracks,  and  some  twenty- 
four  hours  seclusion  in  the  "Black  Hole**' 
(the  name  of  which,  however,  he  could  never 
abide)  ;  he  plucked  up  heart,  and  resolved  to 
take  his  cltance  of  what  might  hefsd.  Having 
adopted  this  view  of  the  case,  his  originiu 
tsrror  «abaided,  and  he  came  to  look  cliecr- 
fuUy  on  his  new  position,  though  be  had 
made  a  slight  mistake  in  the  beginning;  in 
believing  every  word  that  fell  fj-om  the  IjTng 
lips  of  Sergeant  Pike,  a  gentleman  whose 
appetite  for  recruits  was  as  great  as  that  of 
his  scalv  namesake  for  every  description  of 
bait 


BITS  OF  LIFE  IN  MUNICH. 

cniUSTMAS. 

DeegPiier  I5ih.  Last  evening  I  heard  the  bell 
tolling  fi-om  the  ruinous  tower  of  a  desolate- 
looking  old  church  in  the  old  part  of  the  city  ; 
and  aS  I  aaw  numbers  of  people  efiterin^  the 
church,  of  course  I  went  in  also.  I  went  m  at 
a  side  door  and  found  myself  at  the  iride  of  the 
high  altar.  A  train  of  priearts  in  their  crimson 
and  gold -embroidered  robes,  and  little  cho- 
risters in  their  white  garments,  and  a  number 
of  BHm  in  black,  eai^  bearing  a  lighted  taper 
in  his  hand,  were  just  passing  down  the  aike. 
ITio  church  is  very  la^e  and  very  gloamy ; 


and  it  was*  almost  twilight :  crowds  of  people 
stood  and  kniilt  in  the  gloom,  tnliing  as  dark 
Rembt-andt  masses  of  shtwiow,  Tlie  one  grand 
jMtmt  of  lii;ht  was  si  aide  altar^me  lilax«  i»f 
vanilbumi:  '       i 

v.  a  out  o) 
r»iii'u---<iiLi\?i.     in*'  uien  in  bhi'  mu 

tht'ir   Uitwra  ;    the   priej5ts   ki  the 

altar  ;  the  people  bowed  them:  .i  vpns 

more  like  a  Kembrandt  effect,  (hnn  anything 
1  ever  saw  in  nature  >:»efore.  Those  singxilar 
groups  of  the  crowd,  lust  in  tlie  gloom  and 
vastness  of  the  church  ;  that  brillianl  focns  of 
light,  with  leaser  massfs  of  ligbt,  here  and 
there  diffusing  itself  through  the  i»icture ; 
light  catching  npon  the  shaft  of  a  tall  cAudle- 
stick  in  the  foreground,  upon  an  upturaed 
white  face.  It  was  a  wonderfid  scene  alu>« 
gether,  and  the  responses  of  the  multitude 
most  solemn  in  the  gloom. 

On  going  out,  I  looked  into  a  aide  chapel, 
where  I  perceived  a  crowd.  There,  decked  out 
with  fir-trees,  was  a  curious  erection  of  <sn\n]l 
cottages  in  the  Tyrolean  style  ;  and  before 
these  cottages  stood  a  group  of  large  doUs 
dressed  up  in  remarkably  gay  drajjeries. 
This  group  represented  the'  arrival  of  ^Inrr 
and  Josepn  at  Betlilehem  ;  Marv  and  Josejm 
in  the  dresses  of  pilgrims,  with  Luge  pilgnm 
hats  on,  and  tall  staves  in  their  hands  :  the 
ass,  with  panniers  containing  Joseph's  axe 
and  C8rpeDter*s  took,  following  them  ;  a  man 
and  womaai  in  motiem  costume,  with  very 
mournful  eouutenancea,  receive  them,  standing 
upon  a  very  green  carpet,  repreacJiting  turl, 
while  cattle' are  grazing  rouna  them. 

I  imderstand  that  a  series  of  these  scenes 
(which  are  common,  at  the  same  time  of  the 
year,  in  Italy)  will  be  thus  exhibited  to  ad- 
miring crowds,  until  Cliristmas  ;  there  will 
l»e,  no  doubtj  the  adoration  of  the  Magi,  the 
r.nn^.inK.*»mcnt  to  the  Shepherds,  &c.  The 
med  very  much  edified  ;  and  a  priest 
li  a  money*box  in  hia  hand,  ready  to 
receive  almsi 

26tA.  On  the  Sunday  before  Christmas 
Eve,  was  held  wliat  is  called  in  the  Munich 
ilialect,  the  **  ChHM-KindU'Ihdt;'  that  is,  the 
Litt't!  Clirist-child  Fair.  The  fair  commenced 
at  noon  on  Sunday  ;  and,  sinner  that  I  am, 
I  went  and  bought  my  little  Christmaa 
presents  on  that  day,  which  presents,  l>e  it 
remarked,  hav^^  .iv-.n  ^n.^h  hearty  sfktisfaction, 
that  it  was  qui  t  ♦  and  when  I  saw 

poor  dear  old    !  Simchen  cr^in^  and 

kissing  my  hand  with  surprise  and  joy,  I 
longed  to  have  been  made  of  money,  that 
I  might  hxive  given  a  present  to  everybody. 

How  prretty  the  fair  looked  that  bright, 
frosty  Sunday  docdd  !  but  still  prettier  on  the 
Monday  evetiint:,  when  all  was  Iir^hte<i  up. 
Madame  Tljekl  -■''  h^r  face  tied  up  in  a 
large   white   1j  t,   in  their  German 

fashion,  to  prca .^  ..c/jr,  was  so  good  as  to 

accompany  me.  She  looked  rather  a  fiinnj 
Hgitre  ;  and  I  know  certain  people  who  wonM 
noi  have  walked  down  Begent  Street  with 


her ;  but  neither  she  iior  I  cared  for-  tlio  bn^n* 
white  lieiifi'grnr.  ImJeeil,  1  thought  it  rather 
piouafU  ihiLti  otherwise. 

Finrt,  we  walked  through  the  pHncipal 
street,  to  peep  into  the  fiho|>-windowB,  which 
werr  111!  i»rnty»^J  in  their  most  ieiiipting  iner- 
vl  U  glorioua  vase*,  ewei"s,  floX-ti/* 

<  ^),  of  %*ainuuslY  tinted  wid 
ginii  II  iHiHMiii.iu  irlri'.s,  ir»  cue  shop  ;  sxich  ex- 
quisite ball-iiiv-  I  1  artificittf  flowers  in 
j4M..r1i..i      s,„^}i  t*.ui|*Uiii;  jewelk-rj  !     But  the 

fs,  with  all  nianncr  of  devices  for 

<  Trees,  were  perhapB  the  most  bril- 
liant of  all — quite  enchanted  grottoes  ;  and 
in  each  ahop  the  counter,  or  a  table  in  the 
middle  of  the  floor,  was  festooned  and  de^x>- 
rated  moat  taatefiillj  with  theii*  choicest 
artioIe«.  It  would  have  been  ditheult,  even 
in  London  or  Pans,  to  find  an v thing  more 
betiutiful.  At  this  time  the  streets  were 
deserted  in  comparison  with  what  they  were 
about  four  o^chick.  Then  there  was  a  stir  ! 
as  busy  and  weU-dreased  a  thrc^ng  tu*  any 
Weat'Giid  thoroughfaj'e  would  exhibd  on  any 
bright  afternoon  in  M&y.  I^adie^  and  children^ 
all  111  llieir  beet,  and  all  ho  happy  and  cheerfuL 
and  alert ;  such  rolU  and  paroels  as  peepea 
out  from  mufla  luid  from  beneath  neavy^ 
wai-ni  cloaks  1  Every  one,  high  and  low,  was 
purchasing  presents  ;  and  the  gentlemen  were 
no  whit  behmd  the  rest  You  saw  tali,  ari»- 
tocratio  gentlemen,  witli  their  wives,  busy, 
diseustiing  various  purchaaes ;  yon  saw  knots 
of  stuilents  buying  ;  you  saw  good  Others  in 
toyHfthops  ;  you  saw  them  in  booksellers'  shops 
buying  Andersen's  "  MUrchtii  ; "  you  saw 
even  little  children  making  their  purchaaos. 
There  were  dandified  young  fellows  tns|)ecting 
the  most  elegant  triiiketa,  evidently  for  ladies' 
wear  ;  and  f  speculated  as  to  those  fur  whom 
tliejr  purchase!.  You  saw  a  regular  ]»rf>' 
oeesion  of  gay  Christmas  Trees  carried  through 
the  BtreetB,  by  maid-eervants  and  man- 
servants ;  by  poor,  care-worn,  yet,  at  all  eventa, 
for  that  one  clay,  hap]>y-looking  mothora. 

Oh  1  it  was  a  sigtit  to  waim  you  that  cold 
day,  all  this  happy  crowd — more  tlian  the 
warmest  Russian  rurs  could  do.  But  all  thL*, 
as  I  said,  I  saw  iu  the  afternoon,  and  not  when 
good  Madame  Thekki,  with  her  white  head- 
dress, and  I  wei"e  on  our  evening  perambula- 
tion. Then  the  chief  point  of  interest  was 
the  fair ;  the  clfect  was  very  pretty  indeed. 
My  gowl  companion,  however,  assui^  nie, 
as  people  always  do  when  you  admire  any- 
thing, that  the  fair  was  nut  nearly  as  l>eautimJ 
this  time  as  it  was  ten  years  ago,  when  she 
laat  saw  it.  I^t  it  have  l>een  as  much  more 
splendid  as  it  might  then,  it  was,  however, 
quite  enough  to  please  me  now.  Was  there 
not  still  a  pretty  effect  in  tiie  long  vista  of 
illuminated  booths,  with  the  strip  of  dark 
azure  night-sky  overhead,  which,  contrasting 
with  the  glare  of  the  lamps,  lt>oked  [lerfectly 
Orieutal — at  least  as  I  imagine  an  ea^t^rn 
sky  at  night  ?  And  were  not  those  booths 
themselves  very  pretty,  all  lined  with  pale 


{link  and  blue  tiasue-pnper,  and  the  stalls 
leafted  up  with  Cijufectionrry,  draj>»>ry,  or 
crucifixes,  and  rtAlly  lovely*  statuettes  of 
miadonmus  and  saintji^,  tui  it  might  lie,  and  pre- 
Mi<le<l  owr  by  elegant  3'oung  women  in  tlieir 
gayest  attire,  or  bearded  men  wrapped  up  iii 
furs  ? 

At  {Jl  erentsi,  the  students  of  the  good 
University  of  Munich,   and   ^Ttri  ■'  -.  j 

pain tera,  recognisable  by  a  yet  Im 
of  fair  hair  mid  beani    than   th  > 

student,  and  by  a  certain  sen  i  »  i  i  i  1 1 j  e 
cut  of  cap  aini  cloak,  seemed  1m  iim  k  i  jh  j  ur 
attractive;  for  they  were  there  in  crow<ia» 
considerably  iucreasmg  the  picturesque  cha- 
racter of  the  scene,  as  you  may  imagine.  And 
then,  what  gi'oves  of  Christmas  Trees  there 
were,  all  fluttering  with  gay  riblions ;  and 
what  heai>s  and  heaps  of  gilded  walnuts, 
and  what  heaps  of  gay  dolls,  with  large  tinsel 
wings  to  represent  the  Christ-child  !  what 
hideous  little  idols  !  But  all  wna  brigh^  and 
glittering,  and  cheery ;  and  the  keen  frosty 
ni^ht-air  addeil  quite  a  zeat  to  the  whdfe 
thmif.     Such  was  the  Christmaa  Fair. 

Of  the  Christmas  Eve  itself  I  have  uot 
much  to  tell,  as  lei^t  as  regards  any  Christ' 
mas  Tree  ;  for,  as  I  had  another  objwt  in  riew 
thao  seeing  trees  which  are  so  f«r  nn 

all,  I  resisted  every  invitation,  w<  ^ 

that  what  I  gave  would  l>e  duly  pnrsetjit'^.i  uy 
the  respective    Christ-child   though   I  wear* 
not  there,  as  well  aa  that  evcrj'  gif>  r>  --  -: -.^ 
for  me  would  reiu'h  me  in  time  ;  ;> 
ingly,   after    my    tea,   while    all    ...  *  Id 

was  rejoicing  iU*?lf,  I  lay  me  ilown  and  in 
imaginatiun  passed  through  all  the  happy 
homes  of  this  blessed  Eve.  I  saw  th»  Ire* 
that  the  peasant  had  driven  ofl^  with,  in 
hiB  ladder-wagon,  with  its  long  shambling 
horse,  set  up  in  li'is  little  oottaige  in  a 
quaint  old-world  village,  and  decorate^l  by 
some  peaajuit-woman  iu  a  bidgt^-^km  cap 
and  embroidered  silk  boddice.  I  knew  ex- 
actly how  the  tree  would  look  in  the  palace 
itself,  and  how  tht>usiands  of  other  beautiful 
ti'ees  must  look  iu  tlieir  different  homes  ;  in 
the  home  of  the  noble  ;  iu  the  home  «if  the 
small  citizen  ;  iu  the  home  of  the  ])ainter.  I 
was  there  in  imagination,  and  seeme<l  to  bear 
the  delighted,  .'u^tuHiHlied  shouts  of  millions  of 
little  children,  luiid  to  see  the  bonmini,'  l*K>k« 
of  love  from  parents,  and  broti 
and  friends  throughout  this  .  ' 

And  you  may  be  sure  I  did  i 
old  England,  with  ite  joUy  Cl> 
its  holly,  and  turke>%  and  roas< 
piee,  ana  plum-puddings.     1 
a  past  Christmas  Eve— both  l-   . ,  i 

— nuuiy  atntnge  old  ghosts  c^ime  ol 
but  they  were  more  beautiful  tli  i 

was  any  thing  but  lonely  ;  I  W7is  s 
steejxHl  as  it  weif  in  love.    And  t  - 
into  a  delicious  slumber  to  be  woki-  li>  rji.».u- 
lem   SaocheUj  as  it  seemed  to  be  the  next 
moment. 

But  it  was  half-fMJt  ten  at  night,  And  X 


must  roDse  myself,  for  hiul  I  not  reaiated  all 
the  joy  of  the  Chriutmas  Eve  for  this— that  I 
might  he  urtjsent  at  the  midnight  muss  m  the 
lio/'KapcUe?  Fraulein  Sanchea  was  inex- 
orable ;  I  muat  riae,  for  wie  must  set  off  at 
eloveOf  if  we  meant  to  secure  good  pUoea.  in 
the  chapel. 

I  never  should  have  had  strength  to  ronse 
myself  out  of  that  delicious  aleep,  had  I  not 
kept  saying  to  myaelf,  "  You  *ll  repent  to- 
morrow riioming !  you  '11  repent  to-morrow 
monjing,  if  you  don't  hear  that  organ — 
don't  flee  that  exqiiijnte  chapel  all  lighted 
up  ! " 

So  I  roee ;  drened  myaelf  in  great  haste ; 
dnink  H  cup  of  coffee  in  great  haate,  and  found 
myself  as  freah  oa  though  it  were  moruing, 
inHtead  of  midnicht.  And  when  we  »teppe<l 
out  into  tha  cold  frosty  nighty  how  beautiful 
it  waa.  The  crisp  snow  beneath  our  feet,  and 
i^bove  our  heada  auch  a  dark,  blue  frosty  sk^, 
with  iUi  myriads  of  glorious  stars.  The  air 
wiis  tililed  with  the  sound  of  bells — such  holy 
music  I  And  as  ve  passed  along^  the  trees» 
covered  with  hoai'-frost^  shone  out  like  strange 
phantoms.  Tliere  were  numbei-s  of  people  hur- 
lying  along  the  streets  to  various  cnurches. 

Our  way  lay  through  the  courts  of  galleries 
cf  the  palace,  till  we  came  to  the  Hof-KapdU. 
lights  shone  from  the  palace  windows ;  the 
whole  place  seemed  astir  ;  the  warm  breath 
of  incense  met  us  as  we  apnroached  the 
chapeh  Priests  were  already  chaunting  an<l 
prostrating  themselves  before  the  altar,  and 
the  organ  wa^  fitfully  pealing  through  the 
chapel.  The  altiu'  was  one  blaze  of  tapers ; 
tapers  tixed  iu  all  the  candelabra^  around  the 
walk,  like  tali  die -lilies,  cast  long  glittering 
reflections  upon  the  marble  walls  and  pave- 
ment. And  how  grand  did  the  Prophets, 
Saints,  uid  Martyrs  appear  by  this  brilliant, 
artiticial  light^  g^^ing  down  upon  you  from 
their  golden  grounds  J 

Soon  the  two  kiugs.  Max  and  Otho,  and 
their  i|ueen8^  and  all  the  court,  appeared  in 
the  golden  and  iresooed  galleries  on  either 
si<le  the  high  altar,  and  the  archbishop,  in  his 
mitre  and  brocaded  robes,  attended  by  a  train 
of  priests,  young  and  old,  and  a  train  also  of 
young  court  jxiges,  lads  of  from  twelve  to  fif- 
teen, some  score  of  them,  dressed  in  court 
suits  of  blue  and  silver,  all  entered  by  a  side 
door  nc;Q*  the  altar,  ai^d  bowing  first  before 
the  albir,  then  bowed  before  the  king,  and 
^jasscd  on.  A  second  train  of  court  pages  abu 
entered  in  the  same  dress,  but  apparently 
some  three  or  four  yesxs  older,  and  each 
carrying  a  tall  waxen  taper.  These  stood 
before  me  steps  of  the  altar,  with  their  burn- 
ing lights,  and  they  were,  Fraulem  Bancheii 
Awured  me,  eveiy  one  high  nobility ;  ajid 
their  firesh  young  faces  seemed  to  have  a  vast 
charm  for  my  poor,  old,  wrinkled,  and  time- 
wona  companion.  Poor  old  Fraulein  Sanchen  t 
If  her  face  seemed  in  tliat  brilliant  light,  and 
contrasted  with  the  beauty  of  the  saints  and 
martyrs  painted  on  wall  and  celling,  yet  moi-e 


old,  and  odd,  and  withered,  I  felt  in  my  heart 
a  stiU  deeper  respect  and  compassion  for  her 
— for  her  who,  in  the  sight  of  God,  from  her 
touching  unseltibbness,  her  unwearying  g^x^d- 
nees  in  the  most  prosaic  of  lives,  must  have 
been  one  of  the  most  acceptable  worshiimers 
present.  I  had  a  real  joy  ui  l^eing  with  her ; 
it  was  much  more  beautiful,  in  fact,  than 
sitting  up  in  one  of  the  golden  galleries 
among  kings  and  queens. 

The  service  lasted  about  an  hour,  and  wan 
impressive.  But  the  sudden  change  from  the 
warmth,  the  light,  the  music,  the  colour,  and 
the  intoxicating  incense  within  the  chapel,  to 
the  silence,  the  snow,  the  frosty  sky,  with  a 
brilliaut  rising  moon  without,  was  much  more 
impressive. 

What  with  the  excitement  of  the  midnight 
mofiB,  the  heat,  the  cold,  and  the  beauty,  I 
was  BO  wide  awake  when  I  once  more  found 
myself  in  my  own  little  room,  that  I  did  not 
attempt  to  go  to  bed  till  it  was  about  time  to 
get  up  in  an  ordinary  way.  And  then  came 
a  packet  of  English  letters,  greetings  from  my 
beloved  ones  :  and  they  have  been  the  joy  of 
the  day  I 

In  tlie  afternoon  I  went  into  several  of  the 
old  churcliea  of  Miuiich,  to  see  what  was 
going  on.  High  mass  was  performino;  ever}'- 
where,  and  there  were  in  some  of  the  churches 
extraordinary  figures  of  the  infant  Jesus, 
decked  out  in  golden  swaddling-clothes,  ex- 
hibited among  burnjug  tapers  and  artincial 
flowers,  and  lying  in  long  ghuiis-cases. 

In  the  Jesuits  Church  there  has  been  a 
^rand  exhibition  this  week,  of  the  Nativity, 
in  the  style  which  I  have  already  described, 
with  wooden  :ui|j;l>I4  in  uiiljlljue  attitudes,  and 
wooden  cattle  surrounding  the  wooden  Holy 
Family,  These  **  Krippen^^^  as  they  are  caUed^ 
are  exhibited  in  various  churches,  and  hav# 
attracted  immense  crowds. 


THOMAS  HAHLOWE. 

All  amid  the  summer  rosea 
In  hia  garden,  with  lu»  wife, 

Sate  the  cheerful  Thomas  Horlowe, 
Glancing  backwards  through  his  Ii£», 

Woodhuks  in  the  tress  were  singing^ 
And  the  breeses,  low  and  im'ect, 

Wafted  down  laburnum  bloootns, 
Like  on  offering,  at  his  feet 

Thoro  he  sate,  good  Thomas  HArlowe^ 
Living  o'er  the  post  in  thought ; 

And  old  griefs,  Like  mountain  «umimti^ 
Goldon  hues  of  simiict  caught. 

Thvis  he  vpaka:  **  The  true^  pool 
U  the  one  whoso  touch  revcols 

Those  deep  springs  of  human  feeling 
Which  the  conscious  heart  coQCeoliBi 

"  Human  ostui'c'B  Uving  fountaiiuL 

Evrr^flowing,  ruuud  U3  lie, 
Tot  the  poets  seek  their  waters 

As  &om  cisterns  old  and  dry. 


p 

W 

1 

1 

398                                                HOUSEHOLD  WORDS.                                       ilw.4*h^  ., 

1 

1 

"  r                                    rito,  my  Elleo, 
ral  woe, 

A.  ......  ^....^  .ygoodimcl* 

Made  sw>  Bywy  3*«»r»  ngo. 

*•  Fair  my  rooth4ar  wm  and  g^tl<»» 
Eoared  'mid  wi^altli,  of  good  dewooit; 

One  who.  fciU  our  tita«  of  trial,                             j 
Ne  'er  hod  known  what  bardvhip  mmaL 

iiiy  life's  com jianion, 
r  ccft]  tlie  tiioo 
\\....  .  -  ^  .        uofflth  the  lilacs 
LutcDiDg  to  timt  uiriiplo  rhyme  1 

"  Now  she '  '  "  ^  rful  oaedle  H 
Mnnyn                                 roogbt^                     H 

Which  thr  >  r  ptiml  ■ 
And  which  wealthy  huiice  bought                     | 

1 

y  gung  in                                        i  ; 
^               Cmo  hmi  SttdticncU  uU  my  yuuili. 

Found  employment ;  saw  them  writa^ 
Ever  gain^  from  mom  till  utght 

p 

m            «.  Tt..»  ♦!,  *  »..,.,;.;.,.'  -mplo  ballad, 
;  luid  read, 
J                                       1 .  v'rcative, 
Guve  a  Life  uiiW  lim  dead. 

**0r  amid  the  cn^"-i'-l  ^>^ippiag  H 
Of  the  great  v                      hive,                           H 

Saw  the  wealth  .  likdic^,  ■ 
For  their  weallhicr  murt^  oirifi^                      ■ 

"  And  Uioncfiforth  have  b«en  so  bliwful 
All  our  dnyB,  to  calm,  so  bright, 

Thot  it  if«mB  like  jov  to  linger 
O^er  my  youug  lifcB  early  blight- 

*  So  wo  lived  without  repining,                             H 

Toiling,  toiling,  week  by  we«k ;                       H 

But  I  saw  her  silent  nifleringB                         ^^H 

Jiir  thi*  T»llor  rtf  hmr  chiHtk.                                ^^M 

* 

••  "BikMf  wu  mv  fiitlu-r':^  temper. 
And  his  1                  1  aloog 

Like  a  strt;.;                 s  the  iivillowa, 
Lapsing  to  tbo  Imnot'B  Bong, 

"  Love  like  mine  was  eaglc^ghted  ;              ^^^| 
Vainly  did  ahe  strive  to  keep 

And  to  lull  my  i«tn  to  fileep. 

* 

*'  With  tbo  Bcholara  tast«9  and  feelingi, 

Ho  bad  all  b«  lUikiHi  of  Ufti 
In  bk  books  and  in  bis  gardeD, 

In  bis  child,  and  genUe  wife. 

"  Well  I  knew  her  daya  were  numbvrod ; 

And,  as  she  ai>proacbed  her  ond. 
Stronger  grew  the  love  between  ua^ 

Doubly  wa«  abe  parent— friend  ! 

"  Ho  xfu  for  the  iworld  unfitted; 

For  its  idok  kuow  no  lovo  ; 
Aurl,  without  the  tterpi^ut's  wiadooi. 
Was  a&  guiltdofis  m  the  doTO, 

''Qod  permitted  Ibat  her  spirit 
Should  tbrtwigb  etormy  flooda  ba  led* 

That  she  might  converse  with  aogek 
WhilBt  she  toiled  for  doOy  brauL                   ' 

"  Such  men  are  the  scbemor's  Tictnoaa. 

Tniatmg  to  a  iaiihl^B  guidfl^ 
Be  wae  lurod  on  to  bia  rain. 

And  a  bopeUm  bwikrupt  diwL 

"  Wondrons  oft  were  her  mrnmnnmyv 

Aa  of  ooe  to  l^  Dew-born, 
When  I  mtehed  bewk  ber  pillow. 

Twixt  the  oldtiiglit  and  tiie  taom. 

"  Short  bad  bevn  my  futhcra  Borrow ; 

He  had  not  the  etreogtb  to  face 
What  WM  worse  thaa  altered  fortitno, 

Or  than  fiiithlcaa  frieuda^di^grace. 

"  Still  she  lay  tbmugh  one  looig  SabbiUb^ 
But  aa  ereoing  doeod  she  woke. 

And  like  ooe  emutd  with  aonrow. 
Thus  «ritb  pleadlag  voice  aha  apelu ; 

*•  He  had  not  tlic  Btrength  to  combat 
Through  the  ndverae  nuiks  of  life  ; 

In  bis  prime  he  died,  heart-brokoo. 
Leaving  nnto  us  the  htrifo. 

« •  God  will  give  whateVr  \e  noedlbl; 

Will  miatain  from  duv  to  dav  : 
Thw  I  know—yet  wa 

Keep  me  atiil  a  tht 

*'  I  WOB  then  a  slender  sLnplLiig, 
Pull  of  life,  and  bQ]}e,  >iad  joy ; 

But,  at  osce.  the  carea  of  mnnlioud 
Cniabed  tbo  apirtt  of  the  boy. 

Only  thou  oauat  eet  me  (h»e  ! ' 
'  Speak  tliy  wish.*  aud  I. '  my  mother. 
Lay  thy  loVd  eommanda  on  me  !  * 

1 

"  Woman  oft  than  man  m  Btrougor 
Where  oro  inner  foes  to  quoU, 

And  my  mother  rose  triumphnnt, 
When  my  fiither,  vaiiquiahed,  fell 

"  .\a  if  atreugth  were  given  imto  liar 
For  eotno  purpose  htKh,  she  apak* : 

'  1  have  toiloo,  and — Uke  a  miser — 
Hoarded,  hoarded  for  thj  cake. 

1 

"  v\ll  we  had  we  ).'               '"     -^y. 

Tliat  on  him  ii                     %-$  bLniue  , 
And,  Without  a  iVu  ,  .    .;  ...udon, 

In  the  winter,  luthcr  came. 

"  *  Not  for  eordid  |nrpoae  boarded. 
But  to  free  iron  outward  bhune. 

From  the  taruiab  of  dishonour. 
Thy  dead  fcLther's  aaozvd  moncv 

F 

*'  To  the  world  commanding  London, 
Came  as  atoms,  nothing  worth  ; 

'Mid  the  sirift  of  myriad  workers, 
Our  Bmall  efibrta  to  put  Ibrtb. 

"  *  And  I  lay  on  thee  this  duly— 
Tia  my  last  requeet,  my  hon,-^ 

Lay  OB  time  Uub  solemn  duty 
WhiiSi  I  die  end  leave  untlone  1 

I 

"  Oht  tlie  hero  strength  of  woman. 

When  her  strong  affection  pleada^ 
When  she  ttt,ska  hor  to  enduiaaoa 
'                In  the  path  whan  duty  leada ! 

a 

*'  *  Promise,  ^bet  thy  deairst  wiBhc% 
Pleasure,  jvroGt.  shall  be  uoiigk|» 

Until,  to  the  vtmoet  brtljing. 

TVuia  \kia  ^^«^fp«aa  ebalt  have  wto^KU  r 

^ 


"And  I  protnijied.     All  my  bciog 
Freoly,  flrraly  answered,  yen  ! 

TkOA  lbiolt«d,  ber  angel  spirit, 
Braithug  blefiBingH,  passed  ftwiy. 


saore  in  tlie  ooiBy,  joBtUa;g 
crowd ;  t  seetued  to 
LOb*  to  huQ  who  goes  to  battley 
WUb  hm  Uf«  wUhin  hk  hmui 

'*  jm  IhingB  woire  a  differont  npoct ; 

I  w  liow  mine  own  no  more  : 
Hoitfuro^  wMhh»  tlM  nmle  of  wonum 

All  a  diftraat  fnwniiig  boreL 


n 
P 


"  ThuB  I  toUod— though  young,  not  youtbfiil, 

Ever  mingling  m  the  crowd. 
Yet  ftpcLrt ;  my  life,  my  labour, 

To  a  solemn  purpose  vowed. 

*  T«i  er«o  doty  hod  it«  ploMrar^ 

And  I  proudly  kept  apart  i 
Lord  of  oil  my  weaker  feelingi ; 
Hotuirch  of  my  subjoet  heart. 

"  Fooluli  boMt !    tfy  pirido  of  purpow 

Proved  itself  &  feeble  thing, 
VTben  thy  undie  brought  me  hithar. 

In  the  pleaaent  time  of  Spriag^ 

**  Sftid  be.  *  Thaix  hast  toiled  too  closely ; 

Thou  liialt  breathe  our  conn  try  lir ; 
'Dmni  ahalt  come  to  us  on  Sundays, 

And  thy  Ailing  health  rfi|Mur  I' 

•  Now  begjio  my  hardest  trial. 

What  had  1  with  love  to  do  T 
Lovinij  thee  woa  sin  'gainst  duty, 
And  'gainst  thy  good  uncle  too  ! 

**  Until  now  my  heart  was  cheerful ; 

Duty  hod  been  light  till  now. 
— Oh  that  I  were  free  to  woo  thee  ; 

That  my  heart  had  known  no  vow  I 

''Yet,  1  would  not  shrink  from  duty  ; 

Nor  my  vow  leave  luifiili&lled  I 
—Still,  8^,  had  my  mother  known  thee, 

Would  iri^e  thus  have  steruly  willed  T 

•*  Wbere^Tre  did  my  angel-mothcr 
Tbua  enfovoe  ber  dying  prajer ) 

->Y«t  whftt  fight  had  I  toveek  tk«^ 
Than.  I^y  uncle's  wedthy  heir  I 

"Thus  my  spirit  cried  within  me  j 

And  that  inward  etrife  began, 
That  wild  warihre  of  the  feel  mgs 

Which  lay*  waste  the  life  of  man. 

"  In  such  turmoil  of  the  Rpirit, 

Feeble  is  our  human  strength  ; 
life  eeems  stripped  of  nil  its  glory : 

— Yet  was  duty  lord  at  length. 

"So  at  least  I  deemed.  But  meeting 
Towards  the  pleasant  end  of  May 

With  thy  uncle,  here  he  hrought  me, 
1  who  IcDg  had  kept  away. 

*  Ha  was  wilful,  thy  good  uncle  ; 

I  was  such  a  stranger  grown ; 
I  must  go  to  hear  the  reading 
Of  a  ballad  of  his  own. 

•  Willing  to  be  won,  I  yielded^ 

Conei  Ihoa  not  tluit  eve  reool, 

When  Live  hiaca  were  m  bloesom. 

and  the  muahiDe  hj  o'er  all ) 


"  Od  the  bench  beneath  the  lilac^ 

Siito  vie  ;  and  thy  uncle  read 
Thiit  tiwect,  fiimpio,  wondrous  ballndi 

AVhich  my  own  heart's  woe  pourtnyed^ 

•*  'Twus  a  simple  tale  of  natxire — 

Of  u  lowly  youth  who  gave 
All  his  heart  to  one  above  lmn« 

Lovedf  ond  filled  an  eady  gm^e* 

"  But  the  fine  tact  of  the  poet 
Liiid  the  wounded  qurit  bare. 

Breathed  forth  oH  the  nlent  onguiiii 
Of  the  breaking  heart's  de^iur. 

"  Twos  as  if  my  ooul  hod  qpoken. 
And  at  once  1  mmmoA  to  knoWir 

Throiigh  the  poet'a  votoa  prophatM^ 
^Vhut  the  msoB  of  my  woo. 

**  Lfitcr,  walking  In  the  evaoing 
Through  the  ehrubbcay,  thiou  and  I, 

With  the  woodlatta  nngjng  found  ua, 
And  the  full  moon  in  tlw  aky ; 

"  Tbou,  my  £llen,  didst  reproach  m9» 

For  that  I  had  coldly  heard 
That  sweet  ballad  of  thy  iuide'% 

Nor  responded  1^  « irord. 

"  Said  I,  •  If  that  marvelloiis  bdkd 
Did  not  Beem  my  heart  to  touch ; 

It  was  not  tram  want  of  fieeling, 
Butbeotneeitfelttoo 


"And  erven  la  the  rod  of  Moaea 
Called  fcith  wvter  from  the  rock  y 

So  did  now  thj  tweet  repniacbea 
All  my  secret  liBBft  ulook. 

*'  And  my  ooul  ky  bare  before  thee  ; 

And  1  told  thee  all ;  how  strove, 
As  in  fierce  and  dreary  conflict^ 

Hy  stem  duty  and  my  love. 

"  All  I  told  thee— of  my  parents. 

Of  my  angel-inotber's  4te  ; 
Of  the  vow  by  which  she  bound  me ; 

Of  my  present  low  estate. 

**  All  I  told  thee,  while  the  woodlarka 
Filled  with  song  the  evening  braam^ 

And  bright  gwaUes  of  the  moonlight 
Fell  upon  as  thruugh  the  treea. 

*  And  tbou  mnrmnred'tt,  oh]  my  EUei^i 

In  a  voice  so  sweet  and  low  ; 
'  Would  that  I  had  known  thy  mother, 

Would  that  I  might  Hoothe  thy  woe  .* 

"  Ellen,  my  sweet,  life's  eompamoa  ! 

From  my  being's  inmost  eore 
Then  1  bleaaed  thM;  but  I  bias  Ha^ 

BlesB  thae,  even  now,  atHl  more  1 

"  For,  as  in  the  days  chivalric 
Ladies  armed  their  knights  for  strifc, 

So  didi»t  thou,  with  thy  tnia  counaeip 
Arm  me  for  the  fight  of  life. 

"  Ssidst  thou,  '  No,  Uiou  must  not  waver  ; 

Ever  upright  must  thou  stand  : 
Even  in  duty's  hardest  pesil. 

All  thy  weapons  in  thy  hand. 


"  '  Doing  still  thy  w 

Never  reeting  till  tbon  *rt  firae  f — 
But,  if  e'er  thy  «ciqL  i&  ^«ax^ ^ 

Or  d^&ccraxa^«&--'Ctsx^  <A  mft  * 


^ 

w 


w 


'*  And  ngni"  tliy  Hwoet  voice  murmured, 

111  .1  ]»>w  and  thrilliuc  tone  ; 
*  1  hove  lovcfi  thee,  truly  lovod  th<^, 

Thougli  that  love  wsa  fill  unknown  ! 

♦•  *  And  tbe  »orrowB  and  the  triilfl 
WTiicli  thy  youth  in  bouda^  hold, 

}iake  tbec  to  my  hcturt  yet  dearer 
Tliaa  if  tLou  hadat  mtnes  of  gold  ! 

•*  •  Qo  forth— pay  thy  debt  to  duty ; 

And  wheu  thou  art  tiobly  free, 
Bo  shull  know,  tny  good  old  uncle, 

Of  the  love  'twixt  thc«  and  me  !  * 

'*  Elteo*  tliou  WMt  my  good  uagel  1 

Once  Again  in  life  I  Btrovo— 
But  the  tinnio^  tnsk  was  easy, 

In  the  light  and  strength  of  love. 

"  And,  when  monthB  had  passed  on  awlfliyr 
CanMi  thou  not  that  hour  recti — 

Twas  a  Ctmstmaa  Sabbath  eveiung-- 
When  wo  told  thy  undo  all  1 

"  Oood  old  uncle  !     I  can  see  him. 
With  those  calm  and  loving  oyea, 

Smiling  on  ua  m  he  Uatened, 
Silent,  yet  with  no  surprue< 

**  And  when  onoo  again  the  lilaca 

BloBHom'd,  in  the  merry  Hay, 
And  the  woodlarki  sang  together, 

Catno  our  bappy  marriage  day^ 

**Ky  sweet  Ellon,  then  I  bloeaed  thee 

Ait  my  young  and  wealthy  wife, 
But  I  knew  not  half  the  bleeainga 

With  which  thou  wouldat  dower  my  life  !  ** 

Here  be  oeaaed,  good  Thuuiaa  Harlowe  i 
And  aa  soon  as  ceased  his  voic« — 

That  Eweet  chorusing  of  woodlurka 
Made  the  atlent  night  rejoice*  * 


OUH  PHANTOM  SHIP. 

JiEOlVO   ULKD. 

Is  oar  Phantom  Ship  we  shall  occaaionnlly 
take  a  cruiBe,  in  order  to  see  whut  is  going  on 
in  various  narta  of  the  globe.  To^ny,  we 
intend  lookmc  in  for  a  little  while  upon  the 
land  of  Iho  iSegro»  chiefly  with  the  view  of 
uet'iiig  how  he  is  first  converted  into  au  article 
of  merchandise  for  the  supply  of  the  American 
nuirkets,  North  and  South.  Meanwhile,  we 
think  it  but  fair  to  the  voyagers  and  traveOera 
who  have  preceded  U(?,  to  give  some  account 
of  their  exertiona^  discoveries,  and  disasiters, 
made  and  encountered  to  check  the  Slave 
Trade. 

For  &  long  while  afl^r  t!ie  ealabliBhrnent 
of  the  Slave  Trade,  nothing  waa  kuoivn  of 
the  countries  whence  Negroes  ciuoje.  In 
1442  it  was  that  the  Portugnese  admiral 
Wiiight  ten  Africana  to  Europe,  for  the  pur- 
po««e  of  converting  them  to  Chriatianity,  and 
found  them  excellent  as  slaves.  In  the  next 
year  some  native  boats  were  captured,  and 
tlieir  crcwB  brought  home  in  slaver}'.  The 
notion  seized  upon  the  public  mind,  and  an 
aaaociatioa  was  got  up  at  once  for  systema- 
tized  tralfio   in    A&ictuis.     In    1444,    two 


hundred  slaves  were  captured,  and  bronglit 

home. 

The  diaoovery  of  the  Nc        *    '  ^r 

vnm:  ftjid  good  ancestore  a-di  id. 

That  is  t*i  nay,  it  made  them  vir^'  '>^ 

LntlUinB  to  dig  on  their  behall  ^ 
rate  men  of  the  year  1851,  bn^*- 
than  were  in  vogue  in  the  go^ 
or  four  hundred  years  a^  , 
enough  to  shudder  at  tne  barljaroua  blcKxi- 
guiltiness  of  our  rapacious  fore&ithera.  The 
Indians  were  found  to  be  a  difficult  materiai, 
and  were,  moreover,  being  tortured  nither  fajit 
into  that  great  new  world  which  each  of  us  is 
destined  some  day  to  discover.  So,  in  thw 
year  1511,  Ferdinand  the  Cathr  1*  Tiia 

most  Christian  eauctioii  to  the  in  >*t 

Africans  as  staves  into  HiBpaniolt.  <>-m  >»  to 
say,  Hayti,  which  pro<1iiced,  in  after  dMjB, 
Toussaint  rOuverture. 

The  PortugAjeiie  had  all  the  profit  of  the 
slave  trade  until  the  £ngli>)h  put  in  their 
claim  to  a  part  of  it.  Tlie  fint  btktcb  of 
negroes  sold  from  English  vejw^ls  Wf(«  fi  cargo 
of  three  hundred,  obtained  1 
from  the  cost  of  Guinea,  and  r 

Well ;  flesh  and  blomi  \ 
commodity,  the  trade  in   J 
grew.     It  became  an  imjH^i 
world's  eouiraerce.     So  it  or 
aity  became  at  length  awak* 
of  those  unexplored  region 
these  black  machinea.    In 
formed  in  England  "The  Afri'  ni 
for  the  solace  of  goographciH 
aiiHpi(%fl  of  this   aiisociation,  tw 
Mr.  Ledyard  and   Mr.  Luca*?,   ^ 
volunteers.    Ledvard  was  t- 
noar,  westward ;  Lucas,  star' 
was  to  find  his  way  through    t- 


'-  tie 
n, 

M'U- 
11. 

1  m  the 
Gambia  iind  Guinea.  I^.lyxird  dif?d  at  Cairo, 
Lucas  was  unable  to  reft*''  J'.^.^.n.  Th«* 
Association  next  sent  Maj'  ri,  Mrh» 

waa  to  reach  the  Niger  hy  i:i.     tn 

the  kingdom  of  Damorook. '  l*?r,  too 

rich  in  merchandise,  waa  j  i  .    by  lua 

gaides,  and  left  to  perish. 

Mun^  Park  waa  the  neitt  volunteer. 
As<:»ndmg  the  Gambia,  ait'  '      v'  S**^ 

the  capit^  of  Bambarra^  he  i  h^  ^trt 

of  July,  1796,  waH   the  fir«i   i.  vho 

saw  the  Niger.     It  was  there  c  >t* 

name  varies  in  each  country  tlirun  U  ti 

flows — the  Jolilja, 

Other  travcllera  followed,  b(i:  \* :  hoot 
suecws.  A  stutient  of  OCttingou  prolialnly 
penetrated  far,  but  periahed  in  tljc  cnterpiniK. 

Mungo  Park  then  went  out  again,  in  1805, 
under  the  auspices  of  Government,  with  three 
officers,  and  forty-two  men.     A^  he 

Gambia,  he  arrived  at  a  point  Uj  r, 

having  Been   all   his  companion  pt 

Lieutcn.'int    Martyn   and  three   i  ^ 

made  a  rude  boat  out  of  thn^e  r  nja, 

ciiULng  it  H.  M,  Bchooner  ''.III:/  in  t.hii 
they  embarked,  to  complete  tJicir  cuLcijiriaew 
by  tracing  tb«  stream  down  until  It  rescbeil 


£= 


tlie  sea.  Tliej  never  reached  the  aea.  The 
fate  of  Park  was  Like  the  ffttc  of  Franklin — 
a  loiig  mystery.  After  1iv«  yeiira,  li  man, 
Ifm;ii.Hi,  wh«  I  ad  been  Park's  cniile  thn>ij^li 
I  This  tmvels^  and  hml  brought  the 

I  rorii  hiiu  io  the  Gambiji,  wils  Rent 

to  MiL.in  tidiugs^  if  he  could.  Iii.}ui4x*  found 
the  ualivp  who  hni\  st>rv(.»<i  as  pLlot  to  the 
.T,j;i,.  iivi  leaiTied  fioiu  him  thnt  the 
liad  been  eht'cketl  at  BunKvh,  by 
I  ,  and  h.-wi  been  shot  at  while  tunong 

the  riM-ks,  by  onkr  of  the  king,  with  twwa 
a-nd  fiiT*»vv8.  Tills  account  wna  wnfinned  by 
th«3  Aduiij^ion  of  the  king,  to  CJappertou  luid 
Lander.  His  Majeatv  deplorwl  tlie  accident, 
deelanng  that  he  had  mistaken  the  pai'ty  for 
Felatahs — an  extremely  lame  excuse,  as  the 
incurRions  of  the  Fel.U^ths  are  ntit  made  in 
bojila.  Quite  a  new  vei'sion  of  the  death  of 
Park,  however,  is  derived  from  a  recent 
U**TeUer,  Mr.  Duncan,  who,  on  his  road  to 
ilie  ICong  mouataina,  under  a  friendly  escort 
from  the  King  of  JJahome}-,  broke  from  his 
iHemla,  to  dart  aside  into  a  ehase  ufler  a  good 
Mufsttliminy  and  worthy  merchfuit,  wlio  waa 
■aid  to  tiave  been  present  at  the  death  of 
Park,  ThU  person^  Ternaao-wea,  a  man  of 
Dote  in  hi»  own  country,  was  present  aa  a 
young  mailam  (priest)  at  the  tumidt,  and 
Deheld  the  death  of  Park,  wiiich  he  desciibes 
in  m)  eii'eumatantial  a  manner,  as  to  leave  no 
doubt  that  he  relates  a  real  scene.  It  may 
have  been  the  ealjimity  of  other  white  men. 
"Park/*  saya  Teniaso-wea,  "waa  killed  at 
Vaiiri^  bicher  up  Uiau  Buaaah,  which  he 
oever  reached,  ilia  pilot,  a  native  of  Yam*i, 
was  set  ashore  there^  with  hiii  wages  paid  ; 
but  he  complaine<l  before  the  king  that  he 
had  been  defrauded.  Park  was  stopped  and 
questioned,  but  refused  to  answer.  Tne  King 
of  Ynuri  wa^s  a  tyi-ant ;  and  receutly  the  popu- 
lace wni?  in  Paik's  favour.  There  waa  a  mob 
about  the  boat.  Park  :md  hia  party  endea- 
vouriixl  to  escape.  The  Ixtat  waa  held.  A 
hand  that  held  it  was  out  oif.  There  followed 
411  tdtrfkj  ;  and  so  Park  perished," 

The  Niger  was  now  partly  traced.  In  1811, 
Captain  Tuckey  was  sent  up  the  Congo  Eiver, 
with  a  hope  it  might  prove  to  be  the  Niger, 
and  another  ejtpedition  followed  on  the  trace 
of  Park,  to  ilcacend  the  Niger,  and  perhupa 
meet  Capt.  Tuckey.  Both  expeditions  failed 
of  their  d*^3ign,  and  many  lives  were  lost. 

Other  attempts  at  exploration  followed, 
&ilures  all 

Clapperton,  Oudnej,  and  Denham,  in  1822, 
ar«?st"t|  the  Sahara  from  Tripoli,  discovering 
t  li>ui   of    B<jrnou   and    Lake   ChacL 

*  I.  through  Soudan,  came  to  Socatoo, 

if  the  Felutali  couutrr,  and  there 
'  he  was  near  th»?  Niger. 

ill  I  -J.J,  Clapperton,  with  Captain  Pearce 
and  two  other  gentlemen,  left  Bjuiagry  for 
i^,r-it.u,  \]l  j^jj^jd  upon  the  wuy^  excepting 
'  I  and  his  servant,  Richard  Lauder. 

^  '  ved  at  Bussah,  where  they  coufinned 

the  uccoont  of  the  death  of  Park,  crowed  the 


Niger,  and  reached  Socatoo,  Tliere  Clapper- 
t*jn  died,  {;HJ>saibl3'  poisoued.  Lander  returned 
alone,  bringing  his  master  *  papenL 

Mujor  ll'iinj^,  at  the  same  time,  reached 
"'  ' »,    across     the     Desert,    the     firs; 

who  had  done  so.  He  waa  mur- 
IIIH..1  111,  the  Arabs  in  retumin^r,  and  hit 
papers  have  not  been  recovered.  IVL  CaiUi6» 
a  Ireuchman,  also  reached  Timbuctoo,  and 
wc  possess  his  narrative, 

Richard  Lander  next  offered  to  trace  the 

River  Niger  down  from  Buasah,     FuituKhed 

with  means  by  Government,  he  started,  with 

his  brother    John,   from    Badagry,  rejiched 

Bussah^    and    embarked    there    with    four 

negroea  in  an  open  canoe,  protected  by  um- 

brellaa  from  the  sun.    They  pfiaeed  the  »pot 

!  at  which  tlie  C^hadda  pours  into  the  Niger  a 

'  broad  stream  ;   at   Kiri   market  they   were 

maiie  prisoners  by  Ibu   tradei-:^,  and   taken 

before    King    Obi,  from  whom    Ihej  were 

inuiaomed  by  King  Boy,  of  BraastOfwn^  near 

the  outlet  of  the  Niger.    Tins  fortunate  cn\f 

'  tivity  procured  for  them  a  safe  conveyance 

I  down  the  last  part  of  the  river,  and  prevented 

them  from  floating  out  in  their  canoe^  helpless, 

into  the  broad  Atlantic,  through  the  selection 

of  an  unfrequented   outlet     Thus,  aa   Pai'k 

waa  the  first  who  saw  tbe  Niger,  so  Lander 

was  the  firtit  who  traced  it  to  the  sea. 

Tidings  of  ivory  bronght  home  by  the  two 
Landers  induced  merchants  of  liverpool  to 
fit  out  a  trading  expedition.  One  brig,  to 
wait  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  and  two 
steamers  to  ascend  and  return  with  cargo  (the 
Quorra  and  Albiu*kah),  went  out,  in  1832, 
under  the  su  perintendence  of  Messrs.  McGregor 
Laird  and  Richard  Lander.  Arriving  late, 
they  ascended  the  river  in  the  sieaBOii  when 
its  flood  was  filing,  and  w^hen  they  reached 
;  the  coufiueuce  of  the  CJhadda,  one  v^^el 
grounded,  and  remained  (stst  till  the  next 
yearns  rising  of  the  water.  Of  forty-«even 
ofiScers  and  men,  all  perished  but  eight.  Mr. 
Laird,  half  dead  iuid  wholly  disappointed, 
went  home  in  the  brig.  Ltui^er  jjeraevered : 
Lieutenant,  now  Captain  Allen,  who  had  been 
sent  by  the  Admiralty  with  this  expedition^  for 
the  purjios©  of  makuag  smnreyd,  mapped  the 
Niger  up  to  Rabba,  ana  explored  eignty  miles 
upon  the  Chadda  also.  Lander  fitted  out  the 
Alburkah  at  Fernando  Po,  to  mtike  a  fresh 
ascent,  and  sent  it  up  the  Niger,  under  Mr. 
Oldfield,  the  survivmg  surgeon,  preaentlj 
following  liimself,  in  a  canoe,  with  an  addi- 
tional supply  of  goods.  These  he  exix>sed  on 
a  sand  bank  in  the  Delta.  He  was  attacked 
by  the  natives,  fle<l  down  the  river,  and 
reached  Fernando  l*o  witli  a  wound  from  a 
musket-ball  in  the  upper  portion  of  his  tliigh^ 
of  which,  in  a  few  days,  he  died.  Mr.  Oldfield 
abandoned  the  river,  and  the  two  steamers 
rot  upon  the  beach  at  Fernando  Po. 

Mr.  Becroft,  an  African  tratiing  captain, 
afterwards  ascended  tlie  river  to  the  distance 
of  fifty  miles  bteyond  I^'ibba. 

In  164  U  Grovernment  sent  out  the  Niger 


I 
'I 


I 


i 


40f 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


Expedition,   which    etundft    next    upon    the|  America^aD^i 
mournful     list — Vmt   wc   muet  atop    now   to  |  bj*  ^hicli  ail   , 
Acoouut   f  »r  tliw   liy   a  \ni*!i  iikHch   of  tbe  I  extinction  of  tUv 
growth  of  pcriitii.ar  ffiiinion.  I  no   kann.  &!  miv 

Even    ill   tat?  mitklle  of  the   hist  century,  (ni<'>' 
thtt   intfi»ut.y   of    the   principle   htu\   arou«t>*l  j  to 

Christinns  her^  ••-  "  '^ '     ■ V  •■    ■•         --  ...-,.  >■.. 

the  Qunkt^r  t»>  '  i  of  the   } 

I'lii^lfuul,   Uhirf  Jr. 
ti.tj^iu  (•.  iiiiiij  into  t 

1 1  '1  of  the  8l«vt'  Triirit?  hiul   bewn  i  The  bli5Hiiier»    vivrv  cuv 

ftgit.,  (.  wiw  In  the  Runic  yenr,  1788,    fint!    TJSfli-s'^    vcnfilatiut; 

from   wUicU  we   date  the    commencement   »-■■. 
AfHrari    rh«miv«-y  Viy   th«    fnnnHtion   of   Mi 
"  '         "       '     '    bill  wft?*   : 

I  vr  t  rjiffi 


ft. 


July,  in   that 
health  nni]  com 

King 
1«m1,  hy  formuily  prfjliihitiug  nil   Danes  from 
the  purchftse,  sjue,  ur  trmnaport  of  any  slaves 
whati'Vi-r 

»  of  wUvt-a  was  prohibited  by 

the  '■  fi's  in  1794. 

Ill  into  British  ColoitiM 

wtt5  rvfter  a  l<?ng  ferment 

af  i|»'.f,u.\  iu  ini'^.  ^ul  Act  wi«  ptusped, 
declnrijig  the  Britiah  trrule  iu  slavta,  wifih 
Mru-u  t.>  Iw  unlawful  ti*atfic,  and  impaaiug  a 
if  one  hundred  p^junds  for  every 
I  or  fptnoved  front  Africa  by  any 
British  suhjeoi. 

Iinoorution  of  slaves  was  prohibited  by 
the  Unite<i  States  in  th»»  Hame  year, 

B<!tw.?on  1816  and  1833.  decrsra  tending 
to  abolish  **lavtry  were  paaaeil  in  ISIexico,  and 
in  repnhttcH  *»r  Cmtral  and  South  America — 
QuatfU^fthi,  <  'oliimbia,  Peru,  Chili,  &e. 

In  1SJ3  thp  great  A<?t  poast^,  emancipatijiff 
all  the  nv}^r<j  slaves  in  British  Colonic*  and 
decreeing  payment  of  twenty  millions  in 
poTisnlii.n   Ui    the   Blave-owners.     The 

remained   under  a  tive  y*?<iif»* 
]  I  I',  and  becarae  entirely  their  own 

liiuHLcid  oil  tU*^  iBt  of  Angosts,  1838.  In  1S43 
mon^  millions  of  slavea  received  liberty  iu 
British  India.  In  1845  Sweden  enianeijMited 
all  the  slaves  she  had.  P^-ance  still  more 
recently,  in  1848,  and  Denmark,  hav^>  abided 
thre«  Imndred  thousand  to  the  sum  of  libi'nited 
slavea.  But  we  are  to  go  biM^k  to  the  Act 
of  1833, 

Eni'lriu-l.  Pill  nee  that  date,  has  considered 
htiT?  I  to  active  and  unwemried  labour 

for  111  n  of  all  trrwie  in  hnntnn  beings 

among  civiJitsed  com ni unities.  We  do  not 
wie«?r  St  her  philanthri^py,  nor  call  her 
'hip  Quix«:<tic.  It  is  a  fit  work  for  a 
iiitry  to  set  about — that  is  a  truth 
misrii  ui^jve  discussion.  But  rej^tson  xnAy  lue 
shown  for  doubting  whether  we  are  quite 
n^ht  in  some  [lort'""  ■*'  -•■;■  tacties.  Since 
1833  Englauil  lias  s<  t  .-r  into  trearion, 

Mad  b:ia  sucoeeiJal  ■  .:.ag  treaties  with 


many  delays  the  <    i  '  .-     i 

August,  enter^  the  2si ua  Iim     ' 

The  river  wn  aseended  to 

the  Chadda,  whofice  the  *\S 

*"  WilWrforce/'  under  Captain  W 

nearly  idl  sick,  returned,  on  the 

tember,  to  the  coaat.     The  ^A 

Captain  Trotter  and  Commandr»r 

puibed  on  aa  far  aa  I' 

oadc.   A  dtamal  spActa^' 

tt  waa  aMtand  towed  bv 

"mikff,'*  ana  as  it  i 

Kan  enooontered  the  ' 

of  entoidng  in  March 

panion.  The  "Amelia"  I 

the  Model  Farm,  frnm  which   ti 

tendeut,  Mi\  Carr,  liibd  come  dowi 

in  aejutih   of  health,     Mr.   Curr    it 

tamed,  with  goods,  iji  nnt.iv<»  rnrto<r^, 

never  again  heard  of — <1 

the  Delta.    lieutenant 

Niger,  to  remove  the  ^ 

aory,  and  found  it  in  a  si 


!|- 

*ihly    w- 
nn^'l  WM 

ri  c '.>!»- 

dmor* 


aft 

petiit.  ^,_   __  _  1« 

with  native  r  > 

Captain  B*-  -.x^ 

far  as  Rabbah. 

In  addition  to   these  exi[>Jf*r»1iMiM  of  tfa» 
Niger,  adventurous  trips   h  lo 

across  the  country;  amour  a 

dominions  of  the   King  ot  6 

than  once.     Profiting,  thejnd'  p 

labours  of  our  countrymeo,  V  'i 

firesidf^  and  travel  in  ihaii'  1 1  ] 

high-minded   men,   zeiUoua 
elviliatng  commei'ee    for  a  ^ 
sleep  in  a  hundre<l   graves 
wberoon  they  battled  for  homatLiij.     V»n(ii, 
gvniut  and    aad,    age  and   citp?-nen<"c,   th« 
practised  traveller,  the  gifted  '  n 

on  the  threshold  of  a  life  all    ;  <■-, 

Clappcrton,  Lander,  Bird  A 
fd&A\  iQore  than   we  may  n  1 

there  among  the  palma,     Suixiy   i.u»\   luive 
not  di(sl  in  vain. 

It  is  but  a  Bail  of  als  weeks  to  the  Bigbt  oi 
tbe  whole  of  Europe,  with  &  great  paH  ofvTVeuva^NA  V&a^  "^ax^  «K  Ucui&  coast  of  Afwim 


OtTR  PHANTOM  SHIP. 


«» 


wbich  is  the  hotbed  of  the  &Lav&-market. 
The  NiiTT,  a  gra&t  rirer,  navigubie  for 
huL'!'  MileB,  with  bnuMliIng  aiul  tribu- 

\HT\  BLtcaxnBy  iartam  nn  ^tu>y  hiq;h> 


fijBt  nntnnd   *n<i   obvious   idea. 
ItiAtle  at  once  by  the    Liverpool    r 
with  ft  horrible  rt^ult.     Alluding  Uj  lh<!?  tir? 
tnuBt^^r  of  iiifi  men  on  booixl  the  Quorra,  Mi 
Lftird  aaya,  '*  the  crew  w*re  tdl  picked  men, 
from  twentj'-fi^e  to  thirty-five  yeara  of  «g« ; 
snd   little   did    1    think,  as    I   beheld   their 
Athletic  and  powerful  frtiiiies,  that  in  ft  few 
moDtlis  the  only  sur^^vors  of  us  would  l>e 
9W*et/  tind  thrtc  others."    The  eipeditiou  of 
1841  ii)anDe<l  all  minda  with  the  same  feAjful 
warning.     Who  will  go  out  to  trayel  otx  that 
Btneam  of  dti&th  1 

Fortunately  safe,  in  our  Phantom  Ship,  we 
now  etep  over  instantly  to  Sitrra  Leone,  and 
diU  at  Freetown  for  some  Kivomeu.  There 
are  two  tril>ea  there,  Kroomeu  and  tlahujen, 
not  very  fond  of  one  another.  The  Kroomeu 
CQt  wr>od  and  serre  a9  relief  to  the  white 
crewB  on  European  ressela.  They  ai-e  a  fine 
native  race,  well  fomie<l  and  muscular,  with 
vw^«'..  I  ),..ri  the  average  of  African  intelligence. 
"  great  f:iith  in  Europ<?aiia,  accortling 
^^^»  ex]:»n^saion,  "  White  man  go  to  do 
debit,  Krooboy  follow."  When  the  expfHli- 
tion  of  1841  panted  to  le^ive  the  NigcTj  and 
the  Ktoo  woodcutters  could  not  keep  puce, 
in  their  toil,  with  the  impatience  of  the  siif* 
ferers,  knee-deep  in  water  they  cheerfully 
worked  over- hours,  and  kindly  bore  the  na- 
tural expressions  of  impatience.  Afterwards, 
at  Fernando  Po,  imitead  of  dispersing  thcin- 
Belves  idly  aahore,  their  iir»t  thought  was  to 
go  and  kneel  down  liy  the  beds  of  the  sick 
officers,  and  speak  with  a  gentleness  of  uym- 
pathv  lliat,  as  the  listeners  remarked,  was  in 
peculiar  contrast  with  their  larg«  athletic 
tonne,  "  Krooboy  love  white  man  too  mneh  '* 
— and  white  man  honours  Krooboy.  Lauder 
Beems  to  be  the  only  traveller  who  did  not 
thoroughly  appreciate  this  worthy  race. 

The  Kroomen,  being  tiroperly  acclimatised, 
are  taken  by  moei  veaseW  on  coast  servic^^  to 
save  the  whit*^  and  are  req^tured  for  Kiger 
navi^atiou  which,  to  them,  la  by  no  mcaoA 
deadly.  If  ever  the  Niger  be  made — aa  it 
must  and  will  eventnaUy — a  great  highway 
^g  for  European  commerce,  we  must  be  tntlebted 

^H         to  tlie  Kroomeu  for  it.    So  we  take  Kroomen 
^H  on  our  I*hujitom  Ship  and  steer  directly  for 

^H         Cap«  Nun. 

^H  Surely  the  clouds  are  off  to  a  committee 

^H  I  hey  9cad  idl  eastwanl  and  take  up 

^H  iotiJi  in  a  semicircle.      Take  notice 

^^B  j.^,.  j.i.  |..u"e.     There  is  a  foam  track  flying  to 

^^^  nA    on    the     w.'iler.      (/HUnona,    whirlwJLitls, 

^H         thunder  and   &iHxmdrifl,  that  a    a    toi^adu. 
^H        Wait  n  >}it  $»y«  a  saiJor,  **  it  *b  only  old  Nature 


* 


fineezio^."     It  'a  ovt'r  now  with  a  heavy  nun 
and  the  ah*  woaderfuliy  frt^hcneJ. 

Here  ia  Caf»e  Nim ;  a  bi^r  of  iwiud  to  be 
cmfised  only  at  hinh  water,  jitrptchrd  acroas 


t'oupse  into 

I.-  w.-itcra  of 

uitt^r-commuuical^,  and  all  the 
over  which  they  flow  ia  called  the 
Dviui.  The  Nan  l)ranch  in  the  only  one  en- 
plored,  an<i  a  creek  so  narrow  that  a  ve«el 
12  sometimes  ttaable  to  tnni  romid  in  it,  ia,  in 
one  part,  the  only  paaaage  known  to  be  safe. 
It  in  called  Louis  Creek. 

The  dweUii-a  beaide  the  river  are  in  thia 

part  of  its  course  a  miserable  race  ;  sickly  in 

appeanmce,  rexe*!   with  akin    diaeaaea,  and 

eapeciaUy  with  craw-craw,  a  Brobdigna^taa 

kind   of  itch,  afflicting  all   the   boiiy.    Near 

j  enough  to  the  coiuit  to  be  demoralised  by 

I  intercourse  vrith  Eoropeana,    the  natives  of 

I  the  Delta  seem  to  be  iubowpttabie  «#•   Uteir 

flwamps.     Aa  we  pass  tl  vea 

there  riaes  into  the  cov<  k 

oppressive  vapour,  it  lo«jtva  hkv  uil-  -umikl-  of 

wood  fires  *,  it  ia  oppreasalve  even  to  the  smell. 

That  b  the  Niger  i»oii9on.     Paaa  oin  and  exult 

in  health  ;  escaping  I'l-om  the  mangroves  and 

the  meanders  of  the  Delta,  float  over  the 

magnificent  spectacle  of  a  gr«it  river  in  the 

tropica  ;  think  yourself  sound  ;  but  j'ou  have 

swallowed  poLsou — ^most  probably,  too,  in  a 

I  fatal  doBe.      It   gives  you  sixteen  days  for 

i  respite  ;  but  on  the  sixteenth  day  tlie  poison 

^  works.     You  think  that  you  have  gut  into  a 

sickly  portion  of  the  river,  that   ia  not  the 

c;*ge  ;  but  in  paa«iiig  thi*ongh  the  Delta,  you 

'  accepted  a  heavy  bill  of  mort:-'"^    ••»  1  it 

DOW  oome  due.    In  plain  t\  is 

interval  of  sixteen  days  bet^v .  '  f  pti 

of  tlie  poison,  and  its  fatal  outbi^ak.     In  the 

case  ot  the  Ijiverpool  expedition,  alter  the 

sixteen  days  were  comi>]ete,   the   sweep  of 

fiftver  and  death  were  terrible.    Men  fell  one 

after  the  other  aa  though  suddenly  brought 

up  under  an  unseen  batter)^     In  1841.  there 

I  was  the  same  reprieve — the  saiii     ^  rht 

I  of  false  confidence  foUowed  by  a  lo 

less  severe,     lu  the  main  river  it^t..  ...  iv,L» 

nothing  peculiarly  dea«ily. 

Before  leaving  the  Delta  wo  will  pay  m 
visit  to  King  Boy  of  Braaa-town.  Among  the 
potentates  of  the  river  King  Boy  has  most 
to  do  with  Europeans.  Living  near  the  ssAy 
he  trades  with  the  interior  for  palm  oil,  but 
chiefly  for  slaves,  has  his  own  ban^bcoons, 
and  retails  his  wares  at  about  three  hundred 
jRjr  cent,  probably  on  what  he  paid  for  them. 
Of  him  the  Europeans  buy.  King  Boy  rules^ 
or  ruled — he  may  now  be  dead — at  Bras»- 
town,  down  a  branch  or  creek  of  his  own, 
though   by-tU<i-Vi^    xV^^w   Sa   wasiOoKa    ^asSs»&-, 


404 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


CCiM*M«4h9 


or  woB  a  most  unmUignted  rasoaL  We 
follow  him  in  company  with  Mr,  Oldfit^Id,  to 
his  capilai,  on  boartl  a  boat  heavily  la«leii. 
His  Majegty  with  a  ciuuung,  cc*arse  fact*, 
nucl  rwl  eyea,  is  attired  in  a  S{.^otchiu.'in"» 
dreas,  a  preheat  from  England,  the  doftoi- 
«icy  in  which  he  has  supplied  with  a  hnce 
pair  of  Turkish  trowaers,  fastened  outride, 
th<*  skirt  of  his  kiJt  being  tucked  into 
tiiem.  He  shouts  to  hi*  subjects  ha  h*i  tnt«,"rrt 
BrwS'towD,  through  a  long  speAking  trumpet, 
his  own  praise.  Jlia  mother,  an  tA^  wretched  ' 
Jookiiig  negress,  sits  on  the  bank,  They  give 
her  aix  glasses  of  rum,  wliieh  make  her  to 
caper.  We  land.  Here  'b  a  capital  !  Mud, 
dirt,  rats,  and  huts — the  river  floods  it.  His 
^iajeaty  takes  us  to  the  abode  of  a  favorite 
wife,  wiio  has  prepared  dinner — goat'^-flesh 
iMuled  with  the  hair  on.  Here  is  the  aleepiui; 
Ajwirtment  of  Ma  palace,  aukle-deep  in  mud, 
with  a  raised  part  moderately  sloppy,  on 
which  we  may  spread  a  mat— there  is  no 
ether  fumitiire.  We  are  awakened  V)y  alarm- 
ing nprctar ;  there  must  be  men  lireaking 
through  the  roof.  We  shout  aloud  for  help, 
Aud  ^l  is  quiet  We  are  still :  our  hearts 
beat^there  they  are  at  work  ai^ain.  Bate 
jo\isil  in  the  roof.  The  thatch  is  full  of  them ; 
the  floor  is  nddleil  with  i^t-holes.  We  will 
not  stay  long  with  ICing  Buy  of  Brass-town. 

Tlie  number  of  kings  in  Western  Africa  is 
very  large ;  the  power  of  each  actx>rd8  with 
his  physic^  strength  and  his  possessions.  On 
each  Bide  of  the  Cameroons  is  a  king,  and  the 
two  kings  diifer  in  one  being  painted  red,  the 
other  white.  One  of  these  is  a  tine  old  man 
who  has,  after  a  fiishion  common  with  Coast 
AfricauSj  fitted  up  for  his  honour  and  glory, 
n  house  of  two  stories,  with  chairSf  tables,  and 
European  odds  and  ends  ;  that  is  the  manifesto 
of  hia  wealth  ;  without  it  he  wiu^  a  boy — 
luwiiig  it,  he  is  a  man,  a  *'  big  man  *'  enough 
to  be  a  king.  He  has  procured  of  some  sldp's 
carpenter  a  paiute<l  signboard,  witli  Ms  uaiiiB 
KiNd  Aqua,  painted  on  it  in  large  Eoman 
letters.  This  he  has  fixed  over  his  houae-door  ; 
unluckily,  however,  uiwide  down  ;  and  the  tout 
enseimhU  can  contemplate  with  iliguifiied  hmni- 
lity  from  the  door  of  tlie  small  hut  down  by 
the  river-side,  in  which  he  lives.  His  palace 
is  a  fiction  of  the  best  bright  poker  class. 
There  is  also  among  these  monarchs  a  due 
consideration  of  the  necessity  of  preserving 
what  we  in  Europe  call  the  balance  of  j>ower. 
X  red  coat  given  to  **tliat  rascal  over  the 
way,"  excites  indignation  in  a  slighted  prince. 
Lieutenant  Allen  meeting  a  chief  who  thus 
believed  himself  insulted,  was  regarded 
wrathfuUy.  "  Plenty  bad  bob  for  you  "—{bob 
ixi  the  Camei'oons,  means  a  |>alaver  or  scold- 
ing)— "  plenty  too  much  bad  bob  ;*'  this  was 
bold  menace. 

Leaving  the  coast  and  King  E<jy,  our 
Ph^uiluuj  Ship  has  paiised  the  DeltA,  and  after 
one  hundred  and  sixty  miles  of  pastwige  from 
Cape  Nun,  is  at  length  really  in  the  Niger. 
Very  soon  we  shall  reach  Eboe. 


What  glorious  mognificeuce  of  vrood  and 
water!    The  splendid  Afri«ian  oak,  the  cviLton 
tree,  with  its  huge  stem,  the  fibres  of  which 
arft  totally  unfit  for  the  Mjuichester  market, 
and  the  light  feathery  iilnmes  of  the  prtlm 
trees  nodding  over  them  against   the   deep 
blue  sky  !     Here   and   there  a    ^y   liipp«'>- 
)>ot.amus  is  ttlrting  with  her  friend,  or  -fU  up- 
ping    with  a  loud   aphish   from    the    banks 
into  the   current.     Higher  u]i  vou  may  see 
these    good-humoured    beast's    lu    |»artie*   of 
a  dozen.    AJligators,  too!    Tlje  i  it 

up  alligators,  iujd  consider  I  hem 
Tljey   iiave  a  quaint  way  of  cat  i. 

One"  negro  darts  a  spear  inbi  hirf   . 
him  to  the  ground,  and  hoUh*  h;  ..    ...       .il 

maimer,  twisting  and  leaping  up  and  down 
the  pivot  he  has  raaile  to  keep  it  steady,  and 
to  hold  the  alligator  safe.  Wiile  his  compa- 
nion is  thus  wri^fgling  and  grimacing  in  a 
dance  over  the  victim's  taih  another  with  « 
long  knife  capers  about  his  head,  and  darts  iu 
to  inflict  a  wound  as  often  as  he  can  do  so 
without  risk.  So  at  bngth  the  alligator  being 
slain,  is  di"aggcd  up  high  and  drj-,  cut  into 
portioDB,  ana  sold — as  we  might  say — iii 
pennj'wortha. 

The  huts  in  this  lower  part  of  the  river 
are  all  square,  higlier  up  they  are  rounti,  and 
then  from  that  pomt  throughout  the  interior 
—so  iiU"  as  we  know — the  huts  of  the  natives 
are  in  all  cases  round.  Fiphing-nets  sus- 
pended over  the  stream  arc  pait  of  the  furni- 
ture of  every  village. 

Now  we  are  at  Eboe,  the  first  native  town 
of  any  note  since  we  have  left  the  Delta, 
Here  "lives  King  Obi.  King  Obi  is  a  tauto- 
logicfil  expression.  Obi  means  k"  '  ■■•  *'ifit 
part  of  the  world,  and  is  the  titk  f'. 

Just  iu  the  same  way  the  next  l;i  ls 

wc  ascend  the  river  Id<lah — ^is  -  y 

fxn  A ttah  (Father)  who  was  calJed  i  dt 

by  the  early  travellers. 

Kin^  Obi  doea  a  |freat  deal  of  business  in 
palm  od  and  slaves.  King  Boy  kisses  the  ground 
before  liLm,  a.s  a  shrewd  country  traveller  will 
bow  before  a  customer  with  whom  he  doe^  a 
t hnving business.  Obi  sells  to  Boy,  and  others 
like  him  ;  these  traffic  with  the  merchants  ou 
the  coast.  King  Obi  was  one  of  those  who 
sigm^  a  treaty  for  suppri^sion  of  the  slave- 
tiwle,  on  the  faith  of  other  commerce  being 
substituted  for  it.  We  may  state  here  our 
conviction,  once  for  all,  that  as  far  up  as 
Rablmli^  or  the  countiT  inhabited  by  tha 
Felatalia,  the  native  chiefs  are  not  only  ready» 
but  anxious  for  commerce  with  the  Eui'opeans. 
Supposing  the  giund  oljstacle  of  the  Delta 
vanquished,  and  granting  that  the  first  tradoni 
must  inevitayfly  lose  money  from  1  *  i  -  tr, 

through  uupreparednesis,  and  ine>  li 

the  |»urt  of  the  natives — if  we    i-..,.  ly 

imagme  these  difliculties  overcome,  there  is 
nothing  whatever  in  the  dispoeition  or  habits 
of  the  people  to  impede  a  friendly  interwurse 
proiitable  to  us  and  to  thenisielve^.  Slavery- 
is  not  in  their  eyes  iniquitous  j  it  ia  ao  to  faw 


a 


n 


OUB  PHANTOM  SHIP. 


nide  nations,  it  was  not  so  even  to  the  c\ilti- 
vated  Greeks,  and  even  in  Europe  the  growtli 
of  rniiul  litis  onlj*  lately  brought  us  to  »d  un- 
det>i{iuding--an<i  stQl  it  is  but  a  faint  iinpres- 
aion— of  the  dignity  and  y&lxie  of  a  human 
bein^T-  I^  **  ^  great  truth,  even  now,  but 
faintly  dawning  on  the  most  enlightened 
nations  of  thl^  earth.  Our  glitters  show  that 
EnffLand  ia  a  long  waj*  from  the  proper  com- 
prehension of  it.  We  must  not,  tlierefore, 
qutirrel  with  the  Africana  for  treading  in  the 
path  that  our  forefathers  trod,  Tiie  tspirit 
of  triwle  is  among  them.  There  is  less  evidence 
of  ti-ading  gpirit  iu  the  multitude  of  boats 
Boating  with  cargoes  oD  the  Rhine,  than  on 
tJie  Niger.  That  waa  remarked  by  an  intel- 
lectual man  who  had  sailed  up  both  rivei^. 
Tlieie  are  more  jslavea  than  oil-banels,  be- 
cause there  is  more  demand  for  slaves,  and  it 
has  be<.^n  throughout  the  policy  of  alave-ti-adena 
to  extinguish  and  tiuppi^ess  aU  other  traffic. 

A  striking  example  of  thia  fact  occui^  in 
the  aiise  of  the  Shea  Dutter-tree.  SheA  butter 
ia  obtained  from  a  plant,  not  unlike  the  hiurel^ 
■which  growi  luxurumtly  iu  many  parta  of  the 
interior.  It  occurs  in  so  great  abundance, 
that  large  quantities  can  be  obtained,  and 
were  obtained  by  the  natives,  when  the  alave- 
traders  on  the  coast  b*»camt*  alarmed  lest  the 
chief  should  discover  that  this  butter  might 
be  matle  an  article  of  commerce,  and  nothmg 
must  distract  theii*  attention  from  the  slave- 
hunting  busineaa.  They,  therefore,  Ial>oured 
with  success,  and  obtaiined  an  edict  h*om  the 
King  of  Daliomey,  for  the  destruction  of  Shea 
butter-trees  in  his  dominions.  War  is  waged 
against  them — they  are  burned  down  as  rast 
as  they  spring  up,  and  still  they  spring  up 
again  year  af&r  year — an  eternal,  aciivo  pro- 
test against  man,  who  wilfidly  destroys  a  gift 
of  hia  Creator,  lest  the  light  of  ita  bleumg 
should  be  shed  upon  the  dark  path  he  has 
resolutely  chosen. 

We  cannot  afford  time  to  stop  at  Eboe.  In 
passing  we  may  note  one  or  two  superstitions. 
The  Eboe  woman  who  gives  birth  to  twins  id 
regarded  as  an  eapedal  object  of  Fetiche  wrat  h, 
said  becomes  for  the  r«it  of  her  life  an  out- 
cast. To  hold  up  two  fingers,  or  to  call  her 
Abo-wad&kri  (mother  of  twms)  ia  the  greatest 
affront  that  can  ha  offer«ii  to  an  Eboe  woman. 
Anotlier  prejuilice,  equally  curious,  is  that 
which  causes  them  to  sacrifice  all  children 
who  cut  their  first  tooth  in  the  upper  jaw. 
This  they  believe  to  be  premonitory  of  a 
savage  diapoaition.  Our  Phantom  Ship  doata 
on  1-0  Iddah,  the  next  capital,  between  which 
place  an<i  the  aeA,  Eboe  is  not  much  more 
than  halfway. 

We  examine  the  t^)wn  luid  its  well  thronged 
markets,  see  abundant  evidence  of  a  spirit  of 
trade,  and  incipient  civilisation.  Country 
olotb  is  more  expensive  than  the  cloth  of 
Muiohestcir,  on  account  of  the  nide  and  slow 
prooMs  of  native  raauufacture ;  but  cloth  is 
woven,  and  moreover,  very  beautifully  dyed. 
The  <lye»,  however,  are  not  fined.    Hides  are 


taimed  into  leather  for  various  ua^ — there 
are  steel  implements^  bitJ»  for  the  hordes,  and 
well  temper^  weapons.  They  smelt  ore  in  a 
furnace,  aiee-box  ghaped,  and  »ide<1  by  liellown 
of  peculiar  construction,  not  unlike  the  mctho<l 
of  an  air  pump,  only  that  of  course  th<^y  are 
to  pump  air  in,  mstead  of  out.     Tin  '    r- 

wartls   heated   on    chajooal   \a   y\  ^ » 

material  of  exceedingly  good  quality,  iM\>i  ymie 
inseriptiona  on  the  weapon.*  ai*e  sometime* 
attempted^  The  money  of  the  count  it  i£  pr^- 
ferrea  as  a  me<lium  of  exchange  t3  any  specie* 
of  barter,  the  money  of  course  being  here,  as 
in  all  Negrohmd,  cowries.  Two  thousand 
cowries  are  about  worth  a  shilling.  They 
are  kept  on  strings  in  rows  of  more  or  lesa 
than  a  hundi-ed,  the  number  on  a  string  being 
pi-ojxirtioned  in  each  district  to  the  value  of 
the  cowT}',  so  that  the  vidue  of  a  string  is  in 
all  parts  pretty  much  the  same.  The  cowry 
it*elf  increases  gradually  in  its  worth  as  Wfr 
pfw^4  inland.  As  small  change  to  represent 
fractional  pa>*menta  of  ftxnounta  less  than  a 
cowry,  earth-nuts  are  ttsed.  Leaving  the 
market  and  the  market-keeper — a  deformed 
man  in  most  placea — who  preeerves  order 
therein  with  a  hnge  whip,  we  pay  a  visit  to* 
the  AtLih. 

That,  however,  is  an  affair  by  no  means 
'simple.  The  potentate  of  Africa  has  form* 
and  oeremonie«,  no  less  than  the  potentate  of 
Europe  W©  will  skip  the  prelimmaiy  formsr 
and  get  into  bis  waiting-rooom,  or  hut,  or 
court.  Here  we  learn  what  it  is  to  dance 
attendance  on  the  great.  The  officers,  in 
1841,  after  long  patience,  received  a  message 
from  his  highness,  that  ''he  wished  God  to 
bless  them,  but  it  rained  to-day,  and,  as  rain, 
never  falls  on  the  King,  be  could  not  receive 
them."  Word  was  sent  back  that  Englishmea 
could  not  be  trifle<l  with.  Accordingly,  with 
noise  and  drumming,  .and  the  twenty-washer- 
womaa-power  of  chatter  which  characterise*! 
negro  populations,  presently  his  Majesty  re- 
veSed  nimself  on  the  withdrawal  of  a  curtain. 
Too  magnificent  to  speak,  he  has  an  officer, 
his  "Mouth,"'  to  say  aloud  what  the  Attak 
whispers  in  his  ear,  and  while  the  Att&h 
whispers,  all  the  people  make  a  noise,  to  pre- 
vent any  but  the  *^  mouth  "  from  hearing  him. 
The  **  mouth  "  told  our  countrymen  that  the 
Attah  hiu\  come  ailer  the  message,  believing 
that  tliey  were  able  to  stop  the  rain^  but  he 
was  Burpnsed  to  6nd  it  rained  as  much  as 
ever.  However,  he  drank  water  with  them^ 
the  African  ceremonial  of  friend^liip,  and  ate 
goora  nut  with  them,  the  African  civility — 
t!ieir  substitute  for  our  old  formal  cake  and 
wine.  He  grumbled  at  the  presents,  through 
Ilia  **  mouth, '  and  magnified  his  own  greatness, 
of  which  they  were  unworthy.  When  he 
coughed,  ate,  or  drank,  or  when  he  laughed^ 
his  lace  was  veiled  with  the  fans  carried  by 
attendant*:  nobotlymuat  see  the  Attah  yi^d- 
ing  to  the  wants  and  impulses  of  oriunaiy 
men.  On  the  whole,  this  Attah  h^ehaved  veij 
well,  and  is  a  well-beloved  chief^  unlike  h*^ 


J 


predeoeaBor.  An  officer  returned  for  somc| 
zr.»rrtjttCfTt  pnpcr*,  nftcr  the  audiencv  wm  over, 
.V  .  Gake<l  of  nil  upWiidour. 

6  f  >  i  •ten  of  stAU%  cnperi  ng 

And  vrr  his  presents  with  cbiUi- 

Ukfi  Tht5   iuniit^r   AUuli    wjw   a 

hateful  tvruiii,  and  Lho  dei^Hitifini  of  their 
otuvlit,  iv^troined  onlj*  by  tU*?  few  of  poi»ou 

i  iHSift,    jKiwer   l<  : 

up  a  Rnip  of  vt*h     , 
r.  tronj  a  l»oat»  when  the  Liverpool 
WAa  otf  TdiUL.     The  little  fellow 
uuui«  A  U»j^  of  it,  aud  put  aome  seedfl  In  for  a 
chtu-fin  whifh  he  h%ni'^  m  the  umiAl  way  about 
hifl  loina.  lies  irtui  brought  before 

the  predtc  ••  prevent  Att*h,  reviled 

for  woanui;  kui-  >  doth,"  luid  at  &  ugn,  hia 
head  wna  ruUing  on  tht?  Uoor, 

Afriatn?^  .  i...,,  j^  their  rank,  abound 

iji  wivea  a  c  slaves.     A  king  over 

tt^urh  let!  iirivefive  hundred  wives. 

*J  ly    considered    lovely   in 

j'l  it ;  some  of  Ihimi  might 

be  tirai  coukjus  tu  thtir  nfighbour  hippo- 
potamiiit*  The  bIavcs  are  not  worae  trtuted 
than  the  wivi'a.  Domestic  slavei^  in  Africa 
itanlf  i»  not  a  very  )»ittor  «ervitudc.  The 
African  who  hon  not  be«ii  a  ■lare  is  almeiBt 
alwa^*8  a  i^ood-humoiured  iiiaat«r. 

W«  qnit  Itldah,  ftiid  oontintie  owr  cottnc  up 
the  fltre&m.      The   comutry   now   asaumc^B   a 

I;  ,',  we 

"am, 
•tihet.hiulda, 
i  only  for  about 

a    li'  !  4.  ;    it.   ii>  KiippMAfMi   to  flow 

tUiYHi  liftd,  in  the  interior,  the  Jaky 

being,    pviii.ij^'*.    an    oxj>anse    of    ilw    ri^'vn 
Nearly  opposite  the   influence  is  the   a^Mji 
wbem  the  mudcl  farm  was  landed,  an. I  t* 
gay  tent  whidi  had  tignretl  in  the  Eglini 
tonrnantent  was  put  up  for  the  aocoauu,  ..* 
tion  of  tlic  colony. 

Wi*  will  (ak^e  tlie  opportunity  of  running; 
up  tlie  .Shnry  to  Fiiniiah,  where  Mr,  Laird 
lay  for  a  fortnight,  almost  den*L  The  King  of 
Fuudah  w.i^  iti  hia  il.'iy  a  provoking  niaeiiL 
Aftrr  an  audiL-nue  with  hb  Ma|««ty,  a  poitlj 
ptTjuonuHje,  Mr  Laird  was  invaded  m  his  htMt 
by  an  old  wanuin,  the  kiiijjf's  mother,  and  a 
*  'J tie    man.      These 

N  e  wommi  was  soon 

t  "  '  ^  waa  at  length 

I  n    This  little 

II  -^  .  ..,  .  lajeaty  himaelfi 
wh«j  wore  *■  bambast  "♦  on  state  oecasioiifl. 
Ht)i'sM!-nic«  afterwardfi  took  place  at  Fundak 
Afri<:MU  horses  are  all  small ;  and  aa  the 
ride  lit  on  this  occasiou  were  stuffed  into  the 
appearance  of  ao  loaiiy  EUstafia,  the  efibci 
waa  of  course  very  ridiculona.  The  Africans 
adn)iri!>  rotuii<iity,  iierhape,  because  their 
climate  favours  it.     Travellers  note  their  own 


ly  of 
in 


*  ilur  «.tK»at0ni  Rt  one  porliMl  wimi  dolb«*  lluflbd  lArsalj 
wttb  •<»t  Ac.  trhtetl  was  ca.ll«d  boinb«i't 


tendency  to  become  fat  in  the  KLge' 
bei'.'unc/in  the  phnuw  uf  hia  lant  f' 
"jui  hniad  an  hr  waa  long.*'     The  4U. 
Tualoi-oil    mixed   with    food    may 
bi-ingitig  alxjiit  tide  rwwlt, 

T^Ukiug  of  fat    resnindK  nn  nxRin  of  tbs 
nejrro  women,    lliey  an-  • 
and  ishrfwdpr  trailers.     1 

;.,.lliii.vf,         t-1        till.        Il.itt-.        f.f 


instable  gkeleton,  f  iW,  it 

coidd  have  been  n-  ira- 

paW  of    a  wonuD's  l 

leiuaies  risk  beatsfigs  to 

cooisolattotL       The   stout    iilacK  . 

their  anklets^   their    armlets,    th^ 

j^tained  naila.  and  their  wmik   tu  couutcmci 

t}iL>  odour  of  bkck  ddO)  ai«  tnis  woamL 

Near  the  coast  it  is  nsaal  to  fl--^™*!  ^•»'«  «^*'<^ 

as  a  aacritice  upon  the  hnsbai 

up  the   river  this  cnntom   i  i 

obaerved.    There  i*  1  ict<im 

of  giving  "  sassy  w;r    >  many 

cereinoniea,  to  any  wile  iftufej>ecu4  nf  Itaviiiff 

beenaacold  and  a  torment  to  fHf*  deceased. 

If  she  be  innocent^ — that  is  I'  '»•*  be 

rich  enough  to  bnbe  the  pri»  *«  of 

poison  is  not  fatal  to  her.  1 

ju-iu  or  religious  ceremony, 

witd  dance,  and  sixndry  odd  |.ri.  .i^^<i.ing3,^jir 

comes  pure  out  of  the  trial. 

Our  Phantom  Ship  contino«^'>«  »<>'  ♦•.^nwrf-  ii|, 
the  stream.     Here  ia  a  viUag^^^ 
blinjT  uativca  huddled  on  a  f  1  '• 

mitldle  of  the  stream,  shrit?k»  from 
and  the  galloping  of  hon«?men.    T).  .     - 

men  ar«  Fehit*hsj  a  fierce  raoe,  wh.>  arc  m. 
8(.*ourg?e  to  the  xaiM  sativee  in  their  ri«r{|^* 
buurhood.  They  make  a  buaineds  of  sUm^ 
cati^Jiing,  When  they  approach  n  villajre,  as 
come  on  horseback,   and   tl  - 

^'1,  all  who  can  paddle  off  to  m 
d-^wxud,  or  across  th«  str*    "-    "^ 
t*aptur«».    Those  who  ren  1 

the  village  ia  destn>yed. 

extending  their  ravages  !•  1 

the  stream,  until  they  m^t  I  j 

of  Iddah  himselijat  the  date  of  • 
counts.     But,  at  the  earns  time,  t  i  ' 

higher  np  were  organising  a  coj. 
make  ivprtsal.  Mr.  Beeroft,  on  a  ■ 
\\p  the   Niger,  found   Rabbril  1 

capitid,  iaia  waste;   so  wo  in 

plot  to  have,  so  tar,  sucoeede  i      •    v  iMJi 

IS  subjeet  to  Sooeatoo,  luitl  !i  ni  S  ocatoo 
vexigeanee  probably  would  r  lur,  »nd  the 
Fclatahs  be  more  fierce  than  -  ^    r 

We  will  go  up  to  li'dtbali.  i1.    T  1  i  t1»  city, 
the  highest  point  to  whirl  beeti 

mapp^.     It  LB  by  fiir  n  >m  ws 

have  yet  seen  upon  the  river,  tH>v«<i m;;;  much 
space,' with  extcnerre  saburbs.  "Mt^n  mny  he 
8*»en  galloping  along  the  qtrsy  ' 

horses.     A  dead  horse,  or  a  y 

be  found  rotting  on  the  higiinriy,  wnerr  w« 
land.    The  Feh^khs,  who  are  allMuffitltnefi, 


Chvl»«  DlekcM.1 


THJE  LAW. 


biive  a.  atrikiii^  a]irpearance  In  their  myste- 
rioit*  ♦nrl^fttis.  from  •wHhich  folfls  jviftA  ovf^r  tH*' 


:4iK 

with  aaimate^ 

1^1,    impulsive 

busy  markets^ 

^  ver  counted 

-t-mai'ket 

nical  BUD. 


•how    themselv 
mill^h     for     tli. 
Heroes.    There  an- 
ttud  more  stiuks  lli:« 

Cologne  ;  all  the 
^Ibs  in  the  town  roti 
Tile  torkey  buxj«inis  there  enijoj  a  paradise, 
Mid  get  between  \onr  let»au 

It  is  well  kiii  '        '        savatBabbah,  that 
Hjc  whiti^s  eat  t.     Thl«  fiction  was 

ttV^UtfHJ  by  til  '  't*ia  travelled  up 

Hm  stream.  Th  .ve  unbounded 

Mt«f  In  the  \v  -  ,    wer-     It  is  easy 

tar  him,  tli«ret'ure,  to  excite  in  Africaiu  a 
diipUij  of  cowardice.  The  negroes  are  foimd 
often  to  ttkll  liea^  and  are  caught  stealing — ^thu 
■■me  ia  tra*?,  we  fear,  of  white  communities. 
While  delayed  oppoaite  one  \'illage,  Mr.  Old- 
field,  lyiug:  in  lus  cabin,  saw  a  woolly  head 
J'        '       '  irh  the   cabin-wiudow,  and  a  loug 

V  d  towjuxla  a  dreafting-casie.  lie 
GwM:^ui  tiie  culprit  by  the  ear«T,  and  called 
d&wn  other!)  to  assist  in  liolding  him,  while 
two  tnoti  stepped  into  the  canoe  outsidp  and 
fixifid  him  ]jlai"e«i  conveniently  for  n 

The  next  day  the  king  of  the  rillag-  i 

the  Europeajid  for  the  correction    beetuwud 

n^v.  hi«  son,  (for  the  crown  prince  was  the 

I  ' ),  a  end  scapefiraee.     When  th« 

1 "   ran  agiiottad  tint  was  unloaded 

vares  expMed  upon  the  bank,  but 

i  irded,  yet  nothing  was  lost.   There 

m^.    .....<^4  in   all   natioofl.      The   impnUive 

natui-e  of  the  AiHcana  makes  many  of  them 
ask  for  everything  they  feel  a  wish  to  have  ; 
but,  if  it.  be  not  given  them,  tliey  do  not  sulk. 
They  think,  no  doubt,  with  the  Sandwich 
lalander,  who  was  aaked  whether  ix^fu^als  did 
ftot  disappoint  him.  "  Oh,  no/'  he  said,  "  I 
*^  for  a  thing,  you  posaibly 

)  1  it  was  quite  certain  you 

epeak."  Wo  must  quit 
.irkiof^  only  that  it  is  not 
y...  ,,.  -i^.i  .,  ,,vti.--i  the  Niger  can  be  entei-ed 
aafely  or  no  when  ita  stream  is  ai  the  flood — 
safely,  we  mean,  by  fairly  aeclimatiBed  Euro- 
peans. The  Kroomen  nm  b«t  small  risk  in 
the  Delta. 

Time  does  not  remain  to  us  for  the  visit 
tn?  inti^ndpd  paying  to   Dahomey.     We  may 

V  to  tilt:  lagoons  within  the  coast  by 
^  e  car^oe^  are  conveyed  in  canoM 
t  to  point.     Striking  inland  wo  may 

r  dominions  of  the  Km^  of  Dahomey, 
w  most  powerful  of  native  chiefs,  and 
reach  his  capital^  Abomey.  He  ia  a  man  of 
more  than  aveiiige  ahmtr,  with  a  sineere 
reepeet  fur  the  Enghsh.  He  is  a  great  slav^ 
hfuiter,  carrying  on  his  operationB  by  means 
of  a  lai^Kja  army  of  women.     These  women 


cut' 


.1'  t  h 


mosic  WHO  real  SI  m 

\hom  who  yield  wl  l 

with  a  cord,  which 

the  pur|Mi«e,  and  m: 

back,  that  the  captu:      ^^         .  ty 

her  property.    After  the  aiege,  each  woman 

is  praised  and    i-ewarded   accnrding   to   her 

doeda.     The  king's  wives  fhrm  the  principal 

anil  bravest  band. 

To  justify  each  slave-hunt,  quarrels  al^e 
invested!,  Viut  revolting  as  this  most  unques^ 
tionably  is,  we  must  allow  f:4Lr  credit  to  the 
present  king.  He  follows  the  customs  of  his 
forefathers  with  so  mucli  eaUghtenment  that 
he  has  abolished  many  bmrbaztmo  lawi^  and 
introduced  many  just  and  equitable  r>rHctic«8. 
He  me.ins  well,  he  respects  the  E  I 

is  to  all  ap])earunce  wUliug  to  ab>ji  .  • 

hunting  and  ulave-trading  in  his  douuiuoua. 
But,  as  our  Chanoelloj-s  of  the  Exphf^f^ner  »nv  of 
our  window-tax,  witliout  it  wl* 
of  the  finance  ?     Tlie  King  -^  i 

throw  up  his  part  in  the  slave r??  ^'.'JdOj  ii  we 
will  show  hiiu  how  to  thrive  by  otlier 
commerce. 

Merdiant  shtpa  are  the  trus  Afrieaii 
blocka^le.  Experience  is  proving  on  the  coast 
of  Africa,  what  has  been  proved  evety  year 
i^ince  the  Croat  ion,  that  phyaicaJ  force  is  but  a 
weak  auta<«uui!st  to  mconl  wrong.  We  doubt 
whether  moral  force  is  brought  to  bear  on  a 
hirge  scale,  by  the  direct  action  of  missiocuuieo 
DO  the  uncivilised  mind.  One  Simon  Jonas, 
left  with  Obi  to  improve  liis  soul,  was  made 
court  tailor.  Obi  beginning  with  the  body 
first.  Hidtoiy  proves  that  commerce  ia  tho 
^at  means  oraained  by  Provideuce  for  tho 
improvement  and  advancement  of  the  himian 
race.  For  this  the  A&icans  are  ripe.  They 
do  not  see  the  moral  wrong  of  slavery — ^no 
unciviliiaed  nation  ever  yet  did.  But  they 
are  ouite  ready  to  believe  white  men,  who 
say  that  it  is  wrong,  and  show  them  what  is 
better ;  they  are  eager  foi'  instruction  from 
the  white  mau*H  wiwlom.  Unfortunately  we 
have  {IS  yet  been  able  to  do  little  but  exhort 
the  luitLves  on  this  text.  The  difficulties  in 
the  way  of  action  certainly  are  great.  It  is 
our  iiam  conviction  that  they  can  and  will  be 
overcome. 


THE  I^W. 

Ab  a  happy  illustration  of  the  certainty^ 
cheapness,  and  expedition  of  the  English  law, 
in  upholding  those  who  are  in  the  light,  we 
have  reoeived  the  following  strango  narra^ 
tive  &ora  an  eeteemed  carrespoodent,  who  IB 
hims^  a  lawyer  : — 

'*The  most* litigious  fellow  J  ever  knew,  Wi» 
a  Welshman,  named  Benea.  He  had  go4 
possession,  by  some  meansy  of  a  bit  of  wnato 
'   behind   a  publie^UNBB  ia  Hofpraoh 


406 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


I 


Street.  Adjoming  this  land  wjw  a  yard, 
Wonging  to  the  mriab  of  8t,  Jereiiuah, 
wliich  tlie  Parish  Truatcea  were  feiiciug  in 
with  n  wall.  PSones  alleged  that  one  comer 
of  tht'ir  Willi  wiui  advanced  al>«>\it  ten  LuchcB 
on  his  jfroumlj  and  as  they  declined  to  remove 
it  back»  he  kicke«l  du'wn  the  brickwork 
befure  the  mortar  waa  dry.  Tlie  Tmatees 
having  satisfied  theinst^lve*  that  they  were 
uot  oidy  within  their  own  boundary,  Imt  that 
they  hft*l  left  Bonea  some  feet  of  the  parisli 
Jatii)  to  boots,  built  iip  the  wall  a^u.  Bones 
kicked  It  down  ngaiii. 

"  The  TnifttecB  put  it  up  a  third  time,  under 
the  p  rot^ct  ion  o  f  a  pol  iceni  a  n ,  Th  e  i  n  i'  jtorable 
Bones,  in  apite  of  the  awful  presence  of  thia 
functionary,  not  only  kicked  duw^l  the  wall 
again,  but  kicked  the  bricklayers  into  the 
bargain.  Tills  was  too  much,  and  Bonea  was 
marched  off  to  Guildliall  for  assaulting  the 
bricklnyera.  The  ma^atrate  mther  pooh- 
poohed  the  complaint,  but  bound  over  Bonea 
to  keep  the  peace.  The  causa  belli.,  the  wall, 
was  re-edified  a  fourtli  time  ;  but  whoja  the 
Triial«eeR  revisited  the  place  next  moniing,  it 
was  iigain  in  ruina  \  While  they  wer«  in 
coujiultatioii  um^n  this  last  insult,  they  were 
politely  waited  on  by  an  attorney's  clerk,  who 
served  them  all  with  '  writs '  in  an  action  of 
tiea]»aaR,  at  the  suit  of  Bonea,  for  encroaching 
on  \m  land. 

*'  Thua  war  wm  declnred  about  a  piece  of 
dirty  laud  literally  not  so  big  as  a  door-step^ 
and  the  whole  fee-simple  of  which  would  not 
well  for  a  8hilling<  The  Trustees,  however, 
thought  they  ought  not  to  give  up  the  rights 
of  the  nnriah  to  the  obstinacy  of  a  perverse 
fellow,  like  Bones,  and  resolved  to  indict 
Bones  for  asaauttino;  the  workmen.  AccodI' 
ingly»  the  action  ana  the  indictment  went  on 
together. 

"The  action  was  tried  Erst,  and  as  the 
evidence  clearly  showed  the  Trustees  had 
kept  within  their  own  bouudaiy,  they  got  the 
▼erdict.  Bones  moved  for  a  new  trial ;  that 
fiulcd.  Tlte  Trustees  now  thought  they 
wo\dd  let  the  matter  rest,  as  it  had  cost 
the  ptmah  about  one  hundred  and  fiftv  pounds, 
and  they  supposed  Bones  had  had.  enough 
of  it.  But  they  had  mistaken  their  man. 
He  brought  a  writ  of  error  in  the  action, 
whicb  carried  the  cause  into  the  Exchequer 
Court,  and  tied  it  un  nearly  two  years, 
and  in  the  mean  time  ne  forced  them  nolens 
voUru  to  try  the  indictment.  \VTien  the  trial 
came  on,  the  Judge  said,  that  as  the  whole 
miestion  had  been  decided  in  the  a;ction, 
there  was  no  occasion  for  any  further  pro- 
ceedings, and  therefore  the  Defendant  had 
better  be  acquitted,  and  so  make  an  end  of  it. 

"  Accordingly,  Bones  was  acquitted  ;  and 
the  very  next  thing  Bones  did,  wiis  to  eue  the 
Truateea  in  a  new  action,  for  maliciously  in- 
stituting the  indictment  agaimit  him  without 
reasonable  cause  !  The  now  action  wtnt  on 
totriai;  and  it  being  prove<l  that  one  of  tlie 
Tnigtees  hud  been  overheard  to  say  that  they 


would  punish  hitn,  this  was  (  < '  .?« 

of  malice,  and   Bones  got  a  y 

ahillinga  damages  besides  all i ii-  •  ■  <  us.  i Mined 
with  this  victory,  Bones  puwli+^tl   on  his  oW 

jiction  in  the  E^  ■^" -"^  »-  <  ii  >  ■»'  '  *■•  ^  > iri:j, 

but  the  Court  ;t 

him,  without  1  _  ! 

"  The  Trustees  were  now  sick  ot  the  very 
name  of  Bones,  which  ba<l  liecome  a  sort  of 
bugbear,  so  that  if  a  Trustee  met  a  friend  ttl 
the  street,  he  would  l>e  greeted  with  nit 
inquiry  after  the  health  of  ht«  frion<l  Mr 
Bonea.  They  would  have  gladly  Irt  tha 
whole  matter  drop  into  oblt\  '  v^  ,*r 
and  Bones  hail  detenilined  oi  o 

indomitable  Briton  brought .»  V^ i..iv.r 

in  the  Hou.se  of  Lortla,  on  the  judgment 
of  the  Excheqtier  Chamljer.  Thr  utiTi.tTipy 
Trustees  hrul  caught  a  Tai-tar,  an<3  ui 

into    the    Ijonis    they  roust.      A  y, 

after  another  year  or  two's  delay,  the  cusi© 
came  on  in  the  Lords.  Their  LonJ^hipf  pro- 
nounced it  the  most  trumpery  W  >  >r 
they  had  ever  seeu,  and  again  ■  ♦« 
judgment,  with  costs,  n^ii  ine 
Trustees  now  taxed  iheir  >  fouud 
that  they  had  spttjt  nat  l^a  ilun.  ..w  uundred 
pounda  in  defending  their  claim  to  a  bit  of 
ground  that  was  uot  of  the  vtdiu-  fi  nm  ..Id 
shoe.  But,  then,  Bonea  was  cti 
pay  the  costs.  True;  so  thevis^i 
tion  against  Bones  ;  caught  (lini,  niter  som* 
trouble,  and  locked  him  up  in  {rnol  Th» 
next  weekj  Bonea  petitioned  th  nt 
Court,  got  of  prison  :  nnd.  on  exr  ->f 
schedule,  his  effect  7  to  be  i^n  riji.  Off.J 
Bcmes  had,  in  fact,  ing  the  Trusteoi 
on  credit  for  the  Li.si  uuee  years  ;  t'  '  rr> 
attorney  was  put  down  as  a  cr-  i* 
large  amount,  which  was  the  oidy  o-.,^..^  .ii>ii 
the  Trustees  obtained  from  pemaiog  bia 
schedule. 

They  were  now  obliged  to  have  recourse  to 
the  Parish  funds  to  p.iy  their  own  law  ex- 
pcnses,  and  were  consolinc  themaelvea  with 
the  reflection  that  these  aid  not  com©  out  of 
M<fi>  ami  pockets^ — when  they  received  the 
usual  notihcAlion  that  a  bill  in  Cliancerv  bail 
been  filed  ugainst  them,  at  Mr.  I*  if, 

to  ovcrljaul  their  accounts  with  th<  I 

prewnt  the  mtMipitlianlion  of  tht  l\t,^...t  t 

to  the  payment  of  theli'  law  costs  !  Th 
the  climax.  And  being  myself  a  discii'L  .f 
Coke,  I  have  heiird  nothing  further  of  it ; 
being  unwilling,  as  well  jwrhaps  as  un- 
qualifietl,  to  follow  the  case  into  the  Labyrinthic 
vaults  of  the  Court  of  Chancery.  The  cata- 
strophe, if  this  were  a  tale,  could  hardly  be 
mended^-so  the  true  story  may  end  here. ' 


Ncira«»  44  of  "HOUSEHOLD  WORDS, '  f»r  fte  »5Ui  tM. 
JiLBunry,  18.51.  I'rioe  M,  TriU  contiin  tho  First  IWiion  trf 

A   CHILD'S    HISTORY   OF    ENGLAND. 

Which  will  iM  eoatlnmiU  at  TBjralar  laterrsl^  untO  UM 
Hlitoiy  S«  «empl«tod. 


rufij..j,^,  „  ,b^  O^g^  1,^  ,^  W^ltlntft^o  Mr*rt  yi^nrs^,^ 


«   .^.      %K> 


w 


•*  Famliar  in  their  Motttht  as  HOUSEHOLD  WORDS.'^ 


Shakbipiuu. 


HOUSEHOLD    WORDS. 

A   WEEKLY   JOURNAL: 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


11*^44.] 


SATUEBAT,  JANUAHY  25,  1851. 


[PmcsScL 


A  CHILB'S  HISTORY  OF  ENGLAJTO. 

CHAPTER   L 

Ir  you  look  at  a  >Iap  of  the  World,  you 
will  we,  in  tlie  left-band  upper  comer  of  the 
Eftstem  Hemisphet*e,  two  Islands  l}ing  in  the 
sea.  They  are  Enghmd  and  Scotland,  and 
li'eland.  England  and  ScotUunl,  furni  the 
greater  part  of  these  Islands.  Ireland  is  the 
next  in  size.  The  little  neighlKiiiring  Lslanda, 
which  are  so  small  ti|K>n  the  Map  as  to  be 
mere  dots,  are  chiefly  httle  bita  of  Scotland — 
broken  off,  I  dare  say,  in  the  course  of  a  great 
leugt}i  of  time,  by  the  power  of  the  re^lesa 
water. 

In  the  old  daj^  a  long^  long  while  ago, 
V»efore  Our  Saviour  was  bom  on  earth  and 
when  he  lay  asleep  in  a  manger,  these  Islands 
woi*c  in  the  same  place,  and  the  stormy  sea 
roared  round  Ui em,  just  a^  it  roars  now.  But, 
the  Aea  was  not  alive,  then,  with  great  ahipe 
Mid  V>rave  sailors,  ssuling  to  ana  from  all 
parU  of  the  world.  It  was  very  lonely.  The 
Islands  lay  soUtaiy,  in  the  great  ex- 
panse of  water.  The  foaming  waves  dashed 
iigainst  theii*  cliOk,  and  the  bleak  mnds  blew 
over  their  forests  ;  but,  the  winds  and  waves 
brought  no  adventurers  to  land  upon  the 
Islands ;  and  the  savage  I&lauders  knew  nothing 
of  the  rest  of  the  world,  and  the  rest  of  the 
world  knew  nothing  of  them. 

It  is  supposed  that  the  Fbceuicians,  who 
were  an  ancient  people,  famous  for  carrying 
on  trade,  came  in  ships  to  these  lalandn,  ana 
found  that  they  produced  tin  and  lead ; 
both  very  useful  things,  as  3"ou  know,  and 
both  produced  to  this  very  hour  upon  the 
sea- coast.  The  most  celebrate  tin  mines  in 
Cornwall  are,  still,  close  to  the  sea.  One  of 
them,  which  I  have  seen,  is  so  close  to  it  that 
it  is  hollowed  oat  underneath  the  ocean. ;  and 
the  miners  say  that,  in  storaiy  weather,  when 
tliey  are  at  work  down  in  that  deep  place, 
they  can  hear  the  noise  of  the  waves,  thunder- 
ing al>ovD  their  he^wla.  So,  the  Phcenicians, 
coaating  »ibout  the  Islands,  would  come,  without 
much  difficulty,  to  where  the  tin  and  lead 
were. 

The  Phcenicians  traded  with  the  Islanders 
for  these  metals,  and  gave  the  lalaudera  some 
other  useful  things  in  exchange.  The  Islanders 
"wer^  at   first,  poor   aavage^  ^^ing    almost 


naked,  or  only  dressed  in  the  rough  skins  of 
beasts;,  and  staining  their  bodies,  as  other 
mvaffeH  do,  with  coloureil  earths  and  the  juices 
of  plants.  But,  the  Phoenicians,  sailing  over 
to  the  opposite  coasts  of  France  and  Belgiuni, 
and  saying  to  the  people  there,  "  We  have 
been  to  those  white  cliffs  across  the  water, 
which  you  can  see  in  fine  weather  ;  and  from 
that  coiuitry  we  brintj  this  tin  and  lead," 
tempted  mma  of  the  tVench  and  Belgians  to 
come  over  nlAo.  Tlieae  people  aettleil  them- 
selves on  the  south  coast  of  Enghind,  which 
is  now  ealletl  Kent  ;  and,  although  they  were 
a  rough  people  too,  they  taught  the  savage 
Britons  some  useful  arts,  and  improved  that 
part  of  the  Islands.  It  is  probable  that  other 
people  came  over  from  Spain  to  Ireland,  ftnd 
settled  there. 

Thug,  by  little  and  little,  strnngeni  bec&me 
mixed  with  the  Islanders,  and  the  savage 
Britons  grew  into  a  wild  Intld  jH-ople — «lm<»t 
savage,  still,  especially  in  the  interior  of  the 
country^  away  from  the  sea,  where  the  foreign 
settlers  seldom  went ;  but  hjirdy,  brave,  and 
strong. 

The  whole  countrj'  was  covereil  with  forests, 
and  swamp«.  The  greJiter  part  of  it  waa 
veiy  misty  and  cold.  There  were  no  roads,  no 
bridges,  uo  streets,  no  houses  that  you  would 
think  deserving  of  tlie  nanje.  A  town  was 
nothing  hut  a  collectimi  of  ^tn\w-covered  huta, 
hidden  Lu  a  thick  woo«l,  witli  n  ditch  all  round, 
and  a  low  wall,  made  of  mud,  or  the  trunks  of 
trees  placed  one  upon  another.  The  jK'Ople 
planted  little  or  no  com,  but  lived  upon  the 
flesh  of  their  flocks  and  cattle.  They  miide 
no  coins,  hut  used  metal  rings  for  money. 
They  were  clever  in  basket-work,  as  savage 
people  often  are ;  and  they  could  make  &  eoarie 
kind  of  cloth,  and  some  very  bad  earthenwarft. 
But,  in  building  fortresses  they  were  much 
more  clever. 

Tbcv  made  boat«  of  basket-work,  covered 
with  the  skins  of  animalai,  but  seldom,  if  ever, 
ventured  far  from  the  shore.  They  made 
swords,  of  copper  mixed  with  tin  ;  but,  these 
swords  were  of  an  awkward  shape,  and  so 
soft  that  a  heavj-^  blow  would  bend  one.  They 
made  light  shields,  short  pointctl  daggers,  and 
speare — which  they  jerked  back,  after  they 
had  thrown  them  at  jui  enemy,  by  a  lon^ 
strip  of  lealb^T  laaUmfei.  V*  NJa«t  %\akj.    '^J^ 


a 


VW 


^ 
N 


liorae.    The  anciunt   Bintonn,  hc-in      ' 

into  lis  nmny  m*  Uiirty  <>r  forty  i 

Ciittv '■■  '  *i-    "-  '■•'  ••  '■"^"  '-  '■'■■    ...  ..   ._..,.' 

proj  ^,    .      ays  fougot 

Willi 

'il.  luU.f horaes.  The Btwifbird 

of  Kent  V,  'ire  of  a  white  hori<?.  They 

coiili]  Iin  ■  iii'l  mrtnnjijf  them  wonder- 

fully well,    i;  -^  (of  whitih  thoy 

had  im  tibuti'!  •  y  wore   nUher 

Rumll)  wore  K<i  ^\<  11  iiau;^^hi  III  tho«y  i\n\s  that 
they  can  scarcely  Yt*^  ^.aid  to  have  improved 
sinc'  "' i^  the  umu  an?  so  much  wiser. 
Th<  lid,  and  obeyed,  every  word  of 

couj;.  id  would    stimd  fttill  oy  thern- 

«i'lv<  !i  .11  lui  dhi  nud  noine  of  battle,  while 
thi'ii  iaa-i.i=<  wcijt  to  fight  on  foot.  Tlie 
BrJtoiiH  ooul«l  not  hiive  succeeded  in  their 
moat  i*0Qnfu  kahle  art,  without  the  aid  of  these 
sensible  nud  trusty  animals.  The  art  I  mean, 
tA  the  eoiiMtructioii  and  mmui^ment  of  war- 
chariota  or  cars,  for  which  they  liave  ever 
Iweii  celebrated  in  history.  Each  of  the  best 
BoH  of  theee  chanot^  not  quit©  V>n?-a.st  hir^h 
in  front,  and  open  at  the  back,  contained  one 
man  to  drive,  and  two  or  three  others  to 
H^ht :  all  standing  up.  The  horaea  who 
drew  them  were  bo  well  timned,  that  they 
w^ould  tear,  at  full  gallop,  over  the  roost 
Ktony  w&ya,  and  even  through  the  wot)dB, 
dftMhrng  down  their  niastera'  enetniea  benwith 
their  hoofo,  and  cutting  them  to  pieces  with 
the  bkdsyi  of  awords,  or  scythes,  which  were 
fjiMt^'ind  to  the  wheeU,  and  stretched  out 
beyond  the  cai'  on  each  side,  for  that  cruel 
pur|K»*ie.  In  a  moment,  wb'de  at  full  s^ed, 
the  hoi'aea  would  stop,  at  the  *lriver*8  com- 
mand. Tlie  tiU'ti  within  would  leap  out,  deal 
Mhiv%h  .ilh^iji.  ilniii  \si(!i  their  »wordB  like 
.  on  the  pole,  Bprin;f 
vhow  ;   and,  as  soon 

ey  Wfic  Kik',  11  wav  again. 

e  BntunM  had  .  j  rible  reli- 

^on,  cfdled  thL'  Kt^Ii^ou  of  thu  Druids.  It  aeenis 
to  have  been  brougrit  over,  in  very  early  times 
iod-    V  "  '  *  a  cotmtry  of  iVanoe, 

and  d  to  have  mixed  up 

the  w.  i  M.i- iM  ur  .ii|H'nt,  and  of  the  Sun 
and  Moon,  with  the  worship  of  aome  of  the 
Heathen  gods  juul  Gtxldesses.  Mo^  of  its 
ceremcjuiea  were  kept  necret  by  the  prieatB, 
the  Dniid?,  who  pretended  to  be  enchanters, 
and  who  carrietl  niagieiaus'  wands,  and  wore, 
each  of  them,  about  his  nook,  what  he  toUi 
the  ignorant  people  woa  a  Servient's  egc  in  a 
gold  c;i«e.  But,  it  is  certain  that  the  Druidical 
ceremonies  included  the  sacrifice  of  human 
victim.s,  the  torLuixi  of  aome  8uspecte<l  crimi- 
uab,  and,  on  particular  occasions,  even  the 
buroing  alive,  m  ininiensfi  wicker  cage^,  of  a 
number  of  men  and  animals  t<jgether.  The 
Druid  Priests  had  some  kind  of  veneration 
for  the  Oak,  and  for  the  miaeltoe — the  same 
plant  that  we  hang  up  in  houses  at  Christmsa 
Time  now—when  its  white  berries  grew  upon 
the  O&k.    They  met  together  in  dark  woods 


which  tl:         "    '    '        ^  r-  '    ■  .r« 

they  iHM  ig 

men  wh«.  .  .in-T  ...  ^.i-.n  .a.,  |m, ,...,.  ..uj  %>  ho 
somutimcii  j^tAytd  with  them  ud  hjiug  as  twenty 
yeansL 

These   Dmids    built    gr<*ftt    T  id 

altArs,  open  to  the  sky,  ot  which  ..jt 

remaining,     Stonehenge,  on  Flain 

in   Wiltahire,   in  the  most  i;iry  of 

tliese.  Three  curious  atones  cUU:d  ICiu  Coty 
Pfouse,  on  Bluel»ell  Hill  near  Makktonc  bi 
Kent^  forrn  another.     Wc  know,  f  ni- 

nation   of  the   groat  blucks  of  h 

buildingu  are  mu«le,  that  th'^  vo 

been  raiscnl  without  the  aid  13 

nuichinea,  which  are  coinim  h 

the  ancient  liritons  c^  a 

making  their  own  uin  I 

ahould  not  womier  if  tlie  I'luidM,  and  iUeir 
pupils  who  stayed  twenty  y^ir^.  knowmg 
more  than  the   rest  of  the    I  li#? 

people  out  of  sight  whil«   ' 
buildings,  and  theri 
them  by  magic.     1 " 
the  fortresses  too  ;    i 
very  powerfiil,  arnl   v.  >  \    !i 
and  as  they  made  fuul  execuL.  . 
[Miid  no  taxes,  I  don't  wonder  th/ 
their  tra<le.     And,  as    thf  v   H' 
people  that   the   more    I>rn 
tiie  hotter  off  the  people  v, 
wonder  that  there  were  a  ^.< 
But,  it  is  pleasant  to  thimc  < 
Druids,  now^  who  go  on  in  tl 
tend  to  carry  Enchanters'  W;  1 
Eggs — and  of  course  there  is  notfui 
kind,  luiy  where. 

Such  was  the  improved  f— "':♦-■ 
ancient    Britons,   fifty -five  ; 
birth   of  Our  Sasiour,   wh- 
under  their  groat  General,  J 
masters  of  all  the  rest  of  ti, 
Julius  Cwsar  had  then  jo«t  cnn«picrT.d  G.xul ; 


•  lo 

u 

.   >*  cr« 

i>l  in, 

^    mi 
cl 

lheti1« 
irr-  no 

.■^* 
ni  T,he 

'Ke 


th« 

'  'tit 
It, 

X 


thia 

Id 

iie 


and  hearing,  in  Gaul,  n  jjood  dmf   abotrt 

opposite  Island  with  th* 

the  braverr  of  the  Bi. 

some  of  whom  had:  been  tei 

the  Gauls  in  the  war  agaiswl 

as  he  waa  so   near,  to  oomv  aui    •> 

Britain  next. 

So,  .PuliuA  Cfesar  came  aailing  <^vf »  t 
island  of  ours,  with  eighty  vewels 
thousand  men.  And  he  cam< 
French  coast  between  Calais  and  kimilogne, 
"  IxK^ause  thence  wa*  the  shortest  paAsagii 
into  Britrdn  ;"  just  for  the  same  rca-son  M 
our  steamboats  now  tak*»  th<*  snrue  t-n»ck, 
everyday.     He  <•->  1  '        un 

easily  ;  but,  it  wn  iio 

supposed — for  the   im-i.i    r.uuuis  -tt 

l>ravely  ;    an<L,  what   with    not  ta 

horse-soldiera  with  him   "'■■"  ^^^'  u 

driven  back  by  a  storm). 
some  of  his  vessels  diiJ5}i 
tide  after  they  w 
great  risks  of  bein 
ever,  for  once  that  the  hjld  iirttoiu*  U*4kt 


CkitlM  1»l«1nM.] 


A  CHILD'S  HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND. 


411 


he  beat  them  twio« ;  tliou«fh  not  so  decUively, 
bat  tluit  lie  was  very  ffliwl  to  accept  tlieir 
prcjposals  of  fK  ny. 

But,  m  i\\v  nesit  ye*r.  In 

came  back;   t  -  ^^   '    -  '-    ' 

T«MeIfl    nnd 

Tit-1'l-i..lt    tiil...^  .,.„..,..   ...-.4...  ., 

in  their  Latiu 
i      .,  ^^L's,  but  wboat? 

British  name  is  sui)po«etl  to  have  beiMi  Cas- 
WjttLO!?.  A  brave  gvnernJ  he  was,  ftn<l  well 
he  an»l  hia  sohliers  fowght  th«.i  Komna  uraij  ! 
So  well,  that  whenever  m  that  war  the 
Itom;(U  stihiiers  s^iw  a  gre*it  cloud  of  dust, 
jMid  !ieard  the  rattle  of  the  rapid  Britiah 
dhuriots,  they  trenvbled  in  their  hearts,  Bt*- 
taUvs  H  miniher  of  siualUr  Invttlfs,  there  wnn 
tL  battle  fought  near  Cfuitf-rbury,  in  Kent; 
there  waa  a  kittlo  fou-^ht  near  Chertsey  in 
Surrey ;  there  w:ia  a  biittk'  fought  neAr  a 
marshy  little  towii  in  a  wood,  the  c&iiitnl 
of  that  part  of  Britain  whicli  belonged  to 
CASSjvKLLAUNra,  aiid  which  wan  pi-obably 
uear  what  is  now  Saint  Albaiis  in  Hertford- 
ahii-e.  However,  brave  Cassiykllaunus  had 
the  worst  of  it,  on  th<*  whole,  though  he  and 
his  men  always  fought  like  lioiut,  As  the 
other  British  ciiiefH  weif  jealous  of  him,  and 
wen?  constantly  quaireUiug  with  him,  luid 
with  one  another,  he  gavo  np  nnd  pi-oposed 
poieo.  Julius  Cteajir  was  very  glad  to  grant 
peftoe  easily^  and  to  go  awny  o^n  with  qU 
aIs  remaining  ships  and  men.  He  had  i;x- 
p«ct«d  to  find  pearls  in  Britain^  and  he  may 
nAVe  found  a  few,  for  :mything  I  know  !  but. 
at  all  events,  ho  fwind  delicious  oysters,  ana 
I  am  sure  he  found  tough  Britons,  of  whom,  I 
dure  laay  ke  made  the  same  complaint  as  Ka- 
poleou  Bnonaparte  the  great  French  General 
<!-  '  ..;..i>trsen  hundreti  years  allerwards,  wh«n 
y  were  uuvh  nnreajwnable  fellows 
I  .  .  Li^.j  never  knew  when  they  were  beaten. 
They  never  did  know,  1  belieYe^  and  never 
will. 

Nearly  a  himdred  years  passed  on^  and^  all 
that  time,  there  wss  peace  in  Britain.  The 
Britons  improved  their  towns  and  mode  of 
life,  became  more  civilised,  travelled,  and 
kiimt  a  great  deal  from  the  CJnuls  iind 
Eomans.  At  last,  the  liomau  Emperor, 
Clandiua,  sent  Aijlus    Plactius,    a  skilful 

fiineml,  with  a  mighty  force,  to  subdue  the 
shind,  and  shortly  aflerwanls  amved  )■'• - 
self.  Tliey  did  little  ;  and  OsTOBirs  Sca 
another  general,  tzame.  S<5me  of  the  lo 
Chiefe  of  Tribes  submitted.  Othera,  resolved 
to  fight  to  the  death.  Of  these  brave  men, 
the  bravest  wns  Caractacus,  or  Caradoc, 
who  gave  battle  to  the  Romans,  with  his 
*rmy,  among  the  mountains  of  North  Wsl€«, 
**Thi8  day,"  said  he  to  his  soldiers,  "decides 
the  fate  of  Britain !  Your  liberty,  or  your 
etenud  ^verj',  dates  £ix>m  tius  hour.  Re- 
member your  brave  aooastors^  who  diove  the 
great  Casmr  hiniMlf  acroas  the  sea!"  On 
hearing  these  wordi^  kia  sen,  with  a  great 
shout,  nulled  upon  the  Romans.    But,  the 


Htrong  Roman  swords 
much  ftir  the  we/tker  Ef 


e  too 
I  idcjacL 


s^tcpmothtT  ;   ami  they  garritd  him,  nskL 
his  fairiily,  iu  triumph  to  BttUie. 

But,  a  great  man  will  be  grent  in 
fortune,  ^Gi\t  in  yjrisiui,  greut  in 
His  noble  air,  and  dignified  euduraii 
distress,  so  touched  the  Rjuman  people,  wlio 
thrcmged  the  streets  to  sec  him,  thiit  he  iuid 
his  fiuuilv  were  rustorcd  to  freedom.  No  one 
knows  wLethet  bin  great  he  "  *  '  ^  he 

tUed  in  Rome,  or  whether  h^r  ,t 

hifl  own  dear  country.     En  «..vo 

grown   up  tr*mi  .'tcorus,  and  a 

when  they  were  iiundreda  of  : 

other  oaks  have  sprung  up  m  n 
and  (lied  too,  very  uged  ;  slncii  tin 
history  of  the  brave  Caiactacu^  wu^i 
gotten. 

Still,  the  Britons  would  not  yiehl. 
rose  again  and  agmnt  and  died  by  tho< 
sword  in  hand.    They  i*ose^  * 
ecc2iston.    Scetos lua,  anothe  i  J, 

came,  and  stormed  the  Isb..  ^  .-.  .i.jj^..ot,y 
(then  cftlleti  Mona),  which  wiis  suppi^^ed  to 
be  sacred,  and  burnt  the  Dmidd  in  tlurir 
wicker  cages,  by  their  own  fires.  But,  ( 
while  he  was  in  Britain,  with  his  ricioric 
troops,  the  Britoss  rose.  Because  Boadioea, 
a  British  queen,  the  widow  of  the  King  of  the 
Norfolk  iisxti  Suffolic  people,  resisted  the  plun- 
dering of  her  |»roperty  by  the  Romans  who 
were  settled  in  England.    '  ed,  by 

order  of  Catu8  a  Homui  r  two 

daughters  were  sliamel4ui>  ui.->ui.L  i  iu  her 
presence,  and  her  buaband's  relations  were 
mai.le  slaves.  To  av^ige  this  injuiy,  the 
Britons  rose,  with  all  their  might  and 
ra^e.  Tbey  drove  Catus  into  Gaul ;  they 
laid  the  Koman  posssaaknia  waste ;  they 
forced  the  Romans  out  of  London,  then  a 
poor  little  town,  but  already  a  trading  place  ; 
they  hanged,  burnt^  crucilied,  and  slew  by 
the  aworc^  sev*  V  i  >aad  Romans  in  a  few 

days^    SUBTo:  thened  his  anuy,  and 

advanced  to  gi v  c  l  1 1  •_  ■  u  L>attl«»  They  streugib- 
ened  thelx*  army,  and  desperately  attacked  hia, 
'^-  the  tield  where  tt  was  strongly  posted. 
t-e  the  tlnit  charge  of  the  Sitooa  was 
h,  BoADic&A,  in  a  war-ohariot,  with  bar 
fair  h,\ir  stivaming  in  the  wiml^  and  her 
injured  daughters  tying  at  her  feet,  drove 
auaoBg  Um  tni^a,  and  orkd  to  them  for 
vengaanee  on  tbeir  oppi^esors  the  li>?entious 
Romans.  The  Britons  <tv  'h  last ;  but, 

they  were  vanquished  ^  slaughter, 

aua  the  unhappy  queen  ik-k  poi  .kn. 

StiU,  the  spirit  of  the  Britons  w.^   not 

broken.    YRien  SirFroNi--  '  '    ♦!       v, 

they  fell  upon  his    tr> 

Island  of  Anglesey.    Tit  a 

came^  fifteen  or  twenty  :  \rards,  juhI 


HOUSEHOLD  WOBDS. 


it  ooee  more^  md  devoCad  atveo  ycvm 
ta  Mibdtiliig  Ike  cmMrj.  mpnrMHf  xhMt,  put 
of  it  vliick  is  mm  «dUed  ScnnASD ;  boty  iu 
MKip4e,  Um  Oiifftoftiatu^  naistad  Urn  wl  ev^rj 
mA  dt  mnuL  Tbaj  Jimdit  Um  Idoodieil 
\mkHkm  wUi  ium ;  Ibtj  kOkd  tbdr  fvr^  vim 
aad  eUIdreii,  to  wwdii  lik  ***^^  |nMu^<ja 
oftlusii;  tkt7  Ml,  fi^iliii^  ill  mmIi  grail  noB- 
hfS  tkat  eertaia  hflb  lu  ScolkDd  *re  jne^ 

smW  tiMar  gimv«8.  Hie  Emperor  UADSiAii 
CRBCf  tbcr^  jean  afterwards,  and  atiB  th^ 
raaialcd  Um.  The  Emperor  SsrKErs  caoM, 
nearl J  a  Kimdred  jean  aftemtfdi»  and  thgsj 
woctimI  hia  gra^  arm  j  like  dop,  umI  r^oioad 
W  aae  Umsoi  dk^  by  tbouaaiida,  in  Ute  bo^  and 
svam|ML  CARAcaLLA,  the  aoa  and  neoeaor 
vf  Ssvxars,  did  the  most  to  oonqaer  thera,  tor 
a  time  ;  bqt  emC  by  force  of  amuL  He  kii^ir 
how  bttk  that  wotdd  do.  Ue  yielded  up  a 
maanti^  gf  laivl  to  the  Calwkwiana,  and  gave 
lAe  Britima  the  same  priiile^eaaa  the  Romans 
pom  If  f  d.  There  waa  peace,  after  thia,  far  i 
aerenty  yeaia. 

TheOy  Dew  fiwimwi  aroee — Tm  Saxojib,  a ' 
iSeree,  ■oafiriM  peoble  from  the  oooutrieB  to  \ 
th«  Norlb  cyf  Uie  Ahioe,  the  gfe&t  rirer  of 
Genuajty,  cm  the  banks  of  which  the  best 
grapes  grorw  to  make  the  Gemuui  wine.  Thej 
Migko  toaitne^pwateshipe,tothe«ea<»asta 
of  Gaol  and  Brilaio,  and  to  plunder  them. 
Tliey  were  repiilaed  by  Carausiub^  a  native 
«ither  of  Bel^.imn  or  of  Britaiii,  who  was  ap^ 
pointed  by  the  Romaiia  to  tlie  command^  s^d 
ntider  whom  the  fintocis  first  began  to  fight 
u|Kin  \htt  sea.  But,  after  his  time,  they  re- 
nrwed  their  rava^cet^  A  few  yean  more,  and 
the  SootJi  (whieh'was  then  the  oame  for  the 


war  of  liirinff.  AsmooLA.  baid  baill  a  mti^ 
wall  of  earth,  mors  tlmn  sermty  milsa  aoo^ 
cxtcMfing  froDB  KvwcMtle  to  bewl  CkrikkL 
for  the  pwvMe  of  keeping  out  the  FkU  ami 
hail  amngtboBed  it  f  9bp 
in  wans  of  raiair,  had 
Abov«  an,  tt  was  In 
MHH  of  Bonnw 

ita  pooMc  Bfst 


Soota ;   Hjumuav 

TXSCSt  ^***«***g  It 
built  ii  afivah  of  ikNML 
the  BooHa  tinia,  and  by 

ahtps,  that  the  Christian 
bnMight  into    fikitain. 


*\klmj» 


Etgr 


tangfat  the  great  Icaaon  that,  to  be  good 
aight  of  Go6v  they  most  lore  their 
as  thanae2tc%  mid  do  ubIo  cHhi 
would  be  done  by.  The  Draids  dedan^ 
was  very  wkkifii  to  befirre  any  ■ 
and  euned  all  the  people  wlw  did  bdiew  ^ 
Tcry  heartily.  Bat,  wnen  the  people  tammi 
that  they  were  none  the  better  Cor  the 
UeasingB  of  the  Drnids,  and  none  the  wof«» 
for  the  cttnet  of  the  Dniid%hnt,  ihm  thai 
shone  and  the  rain  foil  willKMt  00Baaltta| 
Dmida  at  all,  they  jost  began  to  tknlc 
the  Dnods  were  mere  bkb,  and  thai  it 
oified  very  little  whether  tbtj 
bleued.      After    which,  the   imij 

Druids  fell  off  gnatly  in , 

Dmida  took  to  oth^  trader 

Thtia,  I  have  oome  to  the  tmd  uf  the  p**-*** 
time  in  England.  It  is  bat  rittb  thai  la 
known  of  thoiie  five  hundred  jmn ;  hot,  smne 
remains  of  them  are  still  ianiL  Often,  when 
labortsn  are  digging  up  the  groioid,  to  omke 
fonmlstions  for^oanei,  or  diiudms  thnr  lif^t 
on  rusty  money  that  onee  befaiMwi  to  the 
Romans^  Fngmenta  of  platea  mm  m%Mk 
thev  ate,  of  g^i&eta  finom  which  they  dnink, 
and  of  pavement  on  which  they  trod,  an»  dSi^ 
covered  among  the  earth  that  b  broken  hj 
the  plongh,  or  the  dnst  that  ta  cnimUcd  by 


p^itk    of 


people  of  Ireland)  and  the  PicLs,  a  northern 

pcQplf'.  began  to  make  ftequent  plandering  I  tbe  gardener's  spade.    WeSa  that  the 

luctirsions  into  the  South  of  BntjUn.    Au{  rank,  still  yield  water;  roftdatfaithe 

these  attacks  were  repeated^    at    intervals, ,  made,  form  ixut  of  onr  hiohwnva.     In 

during  two  hundred  yetfs,  and  through  a  long 

•uooetttion  of  Roman  JSmperon  and  chiefe; 

during  all  which  length  of  time,  the  Bntona 

roM  against  the  Bomana.  over  aiul  over  again. 

At  last,  in  the  days  of  the  Boman  Emperor, 

HoxoRius,  when  the  Roman  power  all  over 

thf  world  was  fiist  declining,  and  when  Rome 

wanted  all  her  soldier«  at  home,  the  Romans 

abandoned  aU  hope  of  cononering  Britain,  and 

went  away.     And  etiU,  at  last,  as  at  fir^t,  the 

Bntona  rose  against  them,  in  their  old  brave 

manner ;  for,  a  very  little  while  before,  they 

had  turned  away  the  Roman  magistratea,  and 

declared  themselves  an  independent  people. 

Five  hondred  yean  had  posaed,  since  Julias 
Ckaar  s  first  invasion  of  the  labuici,  when  the 
Romans  departed  from  it  for  ever.  In  the 
C^urs^^  of  tliat  time,  although  they  had  been 
the  cause  of  terrible  fighting  and  bloodshed, 
they  had  done  much  to  onprove  the  condition 
of  the  UritotiB.  The^  had  made  great  militaiy 
roAils ;  they  had  Unit  forts  ;  they  had  taught 
them  how  to  dress  and  arm  themselves  much 
better  than  they  luwl  ever  known  bow  to  do 
before ;  they  had  refined  the  whole  British 


old  battle- fields,  British  ^spttf-heads  mm! 
Roman  armour  have  been  found,  nunclod 
together  iu  decay,  as  they  foil  in  tbe  l&ek 
presBore  of  the  fight  Traces  of  Beman  camps 
ovei^gTOwn  with  grasB,  and  of  mounds  that  are 
the  biirtal-]>laces  of  heapa  of  Britons,  are  to 
be  seen  in  almotit  all  parts  of  the  countrr* 
AcrosB  the  bleak  moors  of  Northumberland 
the  wall  of  SevKRtrs,  over-mn  with  moos  ana 
Weeds,  fttill  stretches,  a  strong^  rnm  :  and  tbn 
ahepherdii  and  their  dog*  lit-  n  it  iii 

the  summer  weather.      On  Pbdn, 

Stonehenge  yet  stand%  a  mouLtiiirra  of  tlae 
earlier  time  when  the  Roman  name  wan  un- 
known in  Britain,  and  when  the  Dmida,  witli 
their  best  magic  wanda,  could  not  have  wrtttca 
it,  in  the  sand»  of  the  wild  sea-ehore. 


ASPIRE! 

AspDtB  !  whatever  foto  be&ll, 
Be  it  praise  or  blame^ 

Aspire  !  even  when  deprived  of  all^ 

It  it  thy  n^nn'e  sim. 
Tbe  seed  bcoeelh  the  froseo  eSrth, 
When  winter  checks  the  fresh  greea  btrtl^ 


Chiftot  Dtefcwi*.] 


PHYSIOLOGY  OF  INTEMPERANCE. 


413 


n 


Still  yearningly  Mpires, 

With  ripciilng  tleftire». 
And.  in  itA  deoaon,  it  will  shoot 
Up  into  the  jK^rfect  fniit  ; 

But  had  it  not  kin  kjw. 

It  ne'er  had  le«im*d  to  grow. 

Aspire  !  for  in  thyself  alone 

That  power  belongs  of  riKht ; 
TS'ithin  thyself  that  seed  Is  fiown. 

Which  (Strives  to  reach  Ui«  light ; 
All  pridts  of  naik,  all  pomp  of  place, 
All  piiinaclra  that  point  in  space. 
But  ttljow  thee,  to  the  spheres, 
No  greater  thuji  thy  peers ; 
fiat  if  thy  spirit  doth  aspire, 
Thou  ripest  ever  higher— higher — 
Towards  that  consumnmto  end, 
When  Hcarenward  tre  tend. 


PHYSIOLOGY  OF  INTEMPERANCE. 


"  One  glass  more,"  exclaimed  mine  host  of 
the  Garter.  **  A  bumper  at  pitiling !  No 
true  knight  ever  weut  uway  without  '  the 
Btii'nip  cup.'  '^ 

*'Good/^  cried  a  merry-fiiced  guest;  "but 
the  Age  of  Chivalry  Is  gone,  and  that  of 
Tvnter-arinkers  atid  teetotaflers  has  aucceeded. 
Tempenmce  societies  have  l>een  imported 
from  America,  and  grog  ueai-ly  throwu  over- 
bourd  by  the  Britiali  Navy." 

**  Verj'  properly  so/ '  obaei-ved  a  Clergyroaii 
who  sat  at  the  uCble,  '*  The  acc-idcnts  which 
occur  from  <lruukeiine<^s  on  Iward  ahip  may 
he  $)0  diitajstroui^  on  the  high  Beas,  aud  the 
punisliwient  iiectAsary  to  auppresa  this  %Tice  ia 
i*u  »*evoUiiig,  that  the  most  experienced  naval 
officers  have  recommendctl  Uie  idlowance  of 
inrog,  aerved  With  to  tiflficera  and  men  in  our 
Navy,  to  be  z'cduced  one-half.  In  America, 
as  well  }is  in  our  own  Merchant  Service, 
veaseU  «ail  out  of  harlxmr  on  the  Temperance 
]>i'iuciple  J  nol  a  particle  of  spirits  ta  allowed 
uii  U>aid ;  and  the  men,  thi'oughout  the 
YovAge,  tux*  Imported  to  continue  healthy  and 
ablfr'wdied.  Tea  ia  an  excellent  sulistitute  ; 
iQony  of  oar  old  seamen  prefer  it  to  grog." 

'*That  may  be,"  ex.claimed  the  merry- 
faced  guest.  '*  Horses  have  been  brought  to 
eat  ovstera ;  and  on  the  Coromandel  coast, 
Bishop  Ilebcr  saj-a,  they  get  fat  when  fed  on 
Ush.  Sheep  have  been  trained  up,  during  a 
voyage,  to  eat  animal  food,  and  refused,  when 
put  ashore,  to  crop  the  dewy  greensward. 
When  honest  Jiick  renounced  his  groL',  and, 
after  reefing  topsaiU  in  a  g^de  of  wind,  goes 
\>elow  deck  to  swill  down  a  domestic  dian  of 
tea,  after  the  faahion  of  Dr.  Samuel  Johnaon, 
at  Mrs.  Thrale's,  I  greatly  feur  the  chai*acter 
of  our  British  seamen  will  degenerate.  In 
Uie  glorious  days  of  Lord  Nelson,  the  obser- 
vation almost  passed  into  a  nroverb,  that  the 
man  wh'i  loved  his  grog  always  made  the 
'i'  '         Benidta,  iu   rough  and  stormy 

V  hen  men  have  p^rlm^a  been  splicino' 

til'-  ij[.iiuur.ice,  and  expjsed  to  midnight  cold 
und   datnpi,  the  atimiilua   of  grog  Ls  surely 


necessai'y  to  support,  if  not  restore,  the  vital 
energy  1  '* 

♦*Not  iu  the  least,''  rejoined  the  Clorgynuin. 
"  Severe  lalwur,  even  at  Bea,  is  lietter  suHtaineili 
without  alcoholic  liquors  ;  and  the  depressing 
effects  of  exposure  to  cold  and  wet  weather 
best  counteracted  by  a  hot  mess  of  cocoa  or 
colfee  sei*ved  with  biscuit  or  the  usual  allow- 
ance of  meat.  In  fact,  I  have  lately  read, 
with  considerable  satisfaction,  a  prire  eesaiy 
by  an  accomplished  physician,  in  which  he 
proves  that  alcohol  nets  as  a  poison  on  the 
nervous  system,  and  that  we  can  dispense 
entirely  with  the  use  of  stimulants. 

"Not  exactly  so,"  observed  a  Physician, 
wljo  was  of  the  party.  "  Life  itself  exists 
only  by  stimulation  ;  the  aU*  we  breathe,  the 
food  we  eat,  the  deaires  and  emotions  wliivh 
excite  the  mind  to  activity,  are  all  so  uirii»y 
formii  of  physical  and  mental  stimuli.  If  the 
atmosphere  were  deprived  of  its  oxygen,  the 
bl<M>d  would  cease  to  acquire  those  stiujulat- 
iugpnypetties  which  excite  the  action  of  the 
heait,  and  sustain  the  circulation  ;  and  if  the 
daily  food  of  man  were  deprlveil  of  cei-tain 
necessary  stimulatLng  adjuncts,  the  dige^stive 
organs  would  no  longer  recruit  the  .strength, 
and  the  wear  and  tear  of  tlie  body.  Nay, 
strange  as  it  may  appear,  that  common 
article  in  domestic  cookery,  salt,  is  a  uatiuid 
and  universal  stimulant  to  the  digestive 
organs  of  all  warm-blooded  animals,  This  is 
strikingly  exemplified  by  the  fact,  that  aniruais, 
in  their  wild  state,  will  traveree,  instinctively, 
immense  tracts  of  country  in  pursuit  of  it  ; 
for  example,  to  the  sall-f«ui8  of  A  fricH  and 
America  ;  and  it  is  a  curious  cii'cumatance, 
that  one  of  the  ill  effects  produced  V»y  withhold- 
ing thia  stimulant  from  the  human  body  k 
the  generation  of  worms.  The  imcient  laws 
of  Holland  condemned  men,  as  a  severe 
punishment,  to  be  fetl  on  bi-ead  uumixetl  with 
salt ;  and  the  effect  was  hon'ible  ;  for  these 
wretcheii  criminals  are  reported  to  have  been 
devourcil  by  worms,  engendered  in  their  own 
stomach.  Now,  1  look  upon  ah'ohol  to  lie 
under  certain  circumstaDces,  as  healthful  and 
proper  a  stimulant  to  the  vligestive  orgaua  as 
salt,  when  taken  in  moderation,  whether  in 
the  form  of  malt  liquor,  wine,  or  sjjirits  .'tud 
water.  When  taken  to  excess,  it  may  act 
upon  the  nervous  system  as  a  poison  ;  but  the 
most  harmless  solids  or  fluids  may,  by  being 
taken  to  excess,  be  rendered  poisonous. 
Indeed,  it  has  been  truly  observed,  that 
•  Medicines  difler  from  poisions,  only  in  their 
doses."  AlcohoHc  stimulants,  ailificially  and 
exceiaively  imbibed,  are,  doubtle^  delete- 
rious." 

"The  subject/'  obeerved  the  Host,  filling 
his  glass,  and  passing  the  bottle,  *'  ia  a  curioua 
one.  The  port  before  us,  at  all  events,  is  not 
poison ;  ana  I  confess,  that  so  iguorant  am  I 
of  these  matters,  that  I  would  Idee  l^  know 
something  about  this  alcohol  winch  is  bo 
much  spoken  of," 

"  The  expl«mtion  is  not  diflScult/'  answered 


i 


^ 


lb©  Doctor.  *'  AJfoliol  la  aimpl y  derivwl  by 
fenuetiUdioh.  or  illstUlivtiou,  from  siibtstauccii 
or  flui^is  coatjiiuing  Miijtfjir ;   in  other  words, 

tU**    " ''   ^"'"•'-     "^'""    -■'i'""-'"-!    to   ft 

ot'i  I  -",  nuti 

the  „  .         4    |>re- 

viouhly  '  mto  n  new  comlpiii.v 

tioiu     ^v  1  til'      ftiiicJ     n:mietl 

All  luijiil  LiiUy, 

tho  I.  w  said  to 

havo  i;ivLii  it  iho  luiLut  i^I  AlcttJiMl  ;  liut  tbu 
art  of  ohtaiidiiij  it  wfts,  iu  tlikt  u;:l'  of  dark- 
ion,  kept  u  proluuud  luys- 
(jftiiit*  umrv  kiiijwii,  pby- 
nu  I-  "- i  it  ofdy  aa  a  medicine,  and 

iin;i  it  hud  the  uufKirtiuit  ]>ro|^>crty 

of  I  life,  upoD  which  account  they 

der  '  AquM.  Vita'/  or  the  '  Water  of 

Li  1 1  Fi'Giich,  to  tliia  day,  c&ll  tbeir 

CogrurwT  '  Ean  di   PiV  ** 

"It  is «  rcniJirkal>le eirciunst&nee/*  obflerwd 
the  CMerp'itiAn,  tilling  hia  glaea,  '*  that  there 
b  bttr<ily  jiuy  nation,  howfvfr  rudt*  nnd 
destitute  of  iuveution,  u       '  t  Buece^ed 

in   diflOoveriDg   some    <  i    of  An   in- 

t*ixiofUb;^'  nature;  and  i<  >^wm.,  appear,  that 
nearly  all  tlie  hvibs,  and  root*,  and  (ruitA  on 
the  (;H'i.  i.f  til..  ..j*i  tb  have  been,  lit  -s-tn..  wpy 
or  '  '   on  the  sbiim  5. 

All'  liiisdeatincHl  f*>i  ,^    it 

of  iiia»ti  ;  curu  o»  e\nory  description  ;  escuiifut 
root!*,  pntfttoea,  carrota.  tuinipe  ;  ^a«A  itaeU^ 
imtf^cbatka ;  apples,  pears.  cherri«B, 
:i  the  delicious  juice  of  the  jieach, 
iiu\  tj  iji-cn  pressed  into  this  sorvice  ;  nay,  ao 
inex)iaui*tible  ap[)e&i'  to  be  the  resources  of 
art,  that  a  vinous  spirit  Xmma  V>cen  obtiuned,  by 
diatilltttion.  from  mdk  iUidf 

**  Milk  !  *  cried  the  merry-faced  guc«t, 
"Can  alcohol  be  obL^ed  from  motbcr^a 
milk  1  *• 

**  Vary  probably,"  continued  the  Clergyiuaa, 
"  Tile  Tarlara  and  Cahnucka  obtain  a  vuioua 
6|)irit  from  the  diBtillation  of  mares'  and  cowa* 
milk  ;  and,  aa  far  as  J  can  recollect,  the 
pn>ix!«a  oonaiata  in  jillowing  the  milk  first  to 
remain  iu  untauncd  skina,  sewed  together, 
until  it  sours  and  thickems.  This  tliey  agitata 
until  0  thick  cream  appears  on  the  aurfacct, 
which  they  give  to  tlieir  guest**,  arv<l  then, 
from  th»'  skUmiiwl  milk  that  remainS)  they 
draw  oS  the  spirit." 

"*  Bxaotly  ao,"  obeer\'cd  the  Doctor,  *'  but  it 
U  woithy  of  •u»tib-e,  that  a  Russian  chemist 
disccnered  that  if  thia  milk  were  deprived  of 
its  Vmtler  and  cheeae,  the  whey,  altnough  it 
c<»rilains  the  wboU;  of  the  auffar  of  milk,  will 
not  undergo  vinoua  fermentation." 

**Tlie4e  fiictii,*"  observetl  the  Host,  "are  in- 
teresting, but  they  are  more  curiooa  than 
uaoftd.  The  alcohol,  I  presume,  from  what- 
0T«r  source  it  be  dmve<l,  \b  cheraically  the 
tune  thing  ;  how,  then,  does  it  happn  that 
aome  wines*,  cfnitaining  jjreciselT  the  Rame 
QUjuitity  of  alcohol,  intoxicate  more  apeedkly 
than  ocLers  ] " 

''The  reaaon/*  exphmted  the  Doctor,  **ia 


iiiuiply  thui.  We  mii«t  r«i{i|aard  all  wines,  eveti 
lhevcr5"wine  we  aro  dr"  '  -  '  |.Ib 
mixture,  but  an  a  «  h^ 
bjattcr  of  miv'^  i..,-;  .4...IH'© 
principh-j!  t^  -,  in  in- 
tiumte  conjl  i  Ae* 
cordiugly,  the  more  <|'  i« 
set  frw  from  l)nK  •  <re 
rajiidlv  are  intoxicating  etk-cle  pHiductHl ; 
and  thin  is  tht«  n'jtwvn  why  win*»«  doo- 
laining  the  h  ^\U 
ferent  intoxi  liio 
intoiicntee  (JO 
contains  coi.  Xy 
of  alcohol  ;  '  -^.i,  or 
buV»hies  of  (m  hca  the 
surface,  can  luoma 
which  m  bo  h  'lor 
in  the  gluK^  iias 
been  clearly  proved.  The  <  1  irn^ 
has  been  coUecttJ  under  a  .  '^n- 
den*!^  by  Burroundiiig  the  \c  e ; 
the  alcohol  ha«  then  been  fou;  -leU 
within  the  jtjlaaa.  The  object >  n  ;  -,  of 
icing  ciiam|>agnc — or  rather,  th'  <  '  « '  pro- 
duced by  this  ofH'mtion— JM  *<•  iiipu-^*  tta 
tendency  to    effo7'\c^ce,   whereby  a    smalktr 

UUaiititV  iiT    rilf.iiii.l     iv    likrn    UIIK    ii\r\i    i^tasft. 

Winea  '■  li«>l 

acconliii^  is 

not   to    the   alcohol    only   they  'lat 

certain  noxious  efiecta  are  to   )  '   -^ 

for,  as  Dr,  Paris  cleaily  ^\- 

contain  an  en'f  jw  of  c^'rtain  . 

fermentation  ^  «i  in  Wn- 

which  will  c:  ucy  and  i\ 

of  I  '  :  '  -;.     In  fact,  \\  iiujn  locwi 

r«  I  h,  Ui  undergo  a  fllow 

aixii  ^/..iiii.4.  ..'■Ill  <'.  .ii^i'stion," 

**  But,  in  whatever  8hai>e  you  introdnpe  Up** 
remaiked  the   Host,  "whitli-i    diAL^iiwoxl    lui 
wine,  or  in  the  form  of  b' 
gin-and-watcr,  it  matters  U'  ^ 

a  clear  idea  of  the  immeiiiatc  a^iacta  of  itietjiiui 
upon  the  living  svatem." 

"  Well  .' "  aaiJ  the  Doctor,  *  it  can  ve^jr 
easily  be  described.  When  you  swallow  tk 
Ij'hiaa — let  ua   k\\    of    ;         '  ^        ^ 

stimulating   liqmd,    ii 

Htomach,  excitt<«t  tlie  bl...  ,,  ^L-s:?fi3  «wn  uLuvtm 
of  its  internal  lining   r<iat,  whidi  camea  4itt 

increased  flow  of  bl 1   iTk.l  ncrv'nns  irirtrf^v  t*> 

this  part.  Thccoi 

membrane   of  tb- 

reiideiied    and    injectMl,    just    ob    d'    iiilhou^ 

mation  had  already   l^een   produced   by    th«^ 

presence  of  the  stimulant,     Tljua   far   yott 

probably  follow  me  ; — but  thi«  \»  imt    a11 — 

the  veaaela  thm*  excited  \\  '       '    r. 

power  ;  they  suck  up  (aa  it 

dii-ectly  into  tlie   stream  ol    m 

a  jxjrtion  (at  all  events)  of  the  u: 

thus   irritate*  them.     The    re&u..    «,,     vL..4.. 

alcuhol   is  thna  mixed  with  the   blood  ami 

brotight  into  immediate  contact  with  the  ml* 

nute  structure  of  all  the  dif)e>rent  tusgiuim  dt 

the  body-;^ 


J 


^ 


niu 
WU       tioi 


*'  But  howj"  asked  the  meriy-faced  giie«t, 
"  osoi  thia  be  known  ?  Who  ever  saw  into 
the  atomach  of  a  living  man  I " 

**  Btnuigo  as  it  may  uppear  to  jou,  that  has 
\.^,.r.   .1......    and  all   the  ciiTumataiices  oon- 

ii  I  the  digestion  of  solids  and  fluids 

ij  iu»ch  have  lieen  very  accomWly 

obofrveci.  it  happened,  in  the  year  1822^  that 
a  yoiiu^j-  CnTindiaii,  named  Alexis  St.  Martin, 
■was  ?  won  lid  ed  by  the  discharge  of 

a  muN  carrietl  away  a  portion  of  his 

ill  L^iiig  »uJ^  exp<:«mg  the  interior  of 

T  h.      AiU>r    the   poor  tellow  had 

uiitKTvoue  moch  suffering,  all  the  injured 
parts  became  flonnd,  excq>ting  the  perforation 
into  l)t-  ^<..T""'»^^  «4.w.i.  r^inainea  some  two 
an<l  u  il^brence  ;  and  upon 

thiH    1.  lual    his  phYBiciau^ 

Dr,  Beaumont,  when  he  wns  sufficiently  wtill, 
made  a  series  of  verj'  careful  observations, 
which  have  detemuiifid  a,  great  variety  of 
important  pomto  ooimeoted  with  the  jihy- 
aiolojk^y  i^f  digestion,  fluids  introduced  into 
the  «iK»mach  rapidly  disappeared,  being  taken 
up  by  ihe«e  veasels  and  carried  into  the 
systciu.  We  cannot,  therefore,  be  BnrprisMMi 
to  hear  that  so  HiibtiJe  juid  penetrating  a  fluid 
as  alcohol  should  ver\"  Bpeetlily  find  its  way 
into  all  the  tissues  of  the  iKjdy.  Its  presence 
may  ]ye  smelt  in  the  bi^atli  of  persons  addicted 
to  spirituous  liquors^  as  well  as  in  their  secre- 
tions generally.  * 

But  Ui  what  do  you  attribute  the  noxious 

!ect^  of  alcohol,  allowing  it  to  be  thus  can-ied 
di  rect  absorption  mto  the  clreulatioo  ?  *^ 
aflke<l  the  Host. 

**  To  the  excess  of  carbon,"  answered  the 
Doctor,  "  which  ia  thiia  introduced  into  the 
system ;  juid  explainy  wliy  the  liver,  in  hard 
dri]iki?t<8,  L8  geuendlv  foiuitl  diseased." 

"  How  BO  T  *'  inquired  the  Hoet.  «  1  have 
heard  ofthe* Gin  Uver.'" 

**  It  is  well  known  that  a  long  residence  in 
Intlia,"  interposed  the  ClergymAU,  **  will  give 
rise  to  Qulai'genient  and  induration  of  this 


organ.' 

^And 
Dootpr, ' 


for  the  wme  r«asoii,"  answered  the 
the  liver  acts  w  a  «obstitute  for  the 
't  as  the  akin  acts  vicariously  for 


said 


:  word  of  this  do  I  understand, 
the  njen^'-&B6d  guest, 

"  WcU'tlicn,"  oontiimed  the  Doctor,  «  I  will 
endcfivovir  to  explain  it.  By  a  wonderful  pro- 
vision of  Nature,  which  appears  to  come 
under  tlie  law  of  com{>euaatton,  whtni  one 
organ,  by  reason  of  decay,  is  unable  to  j>er- 
form   ita    functions,   another  u;   ;  —   its 

functions,  and,  to  a  certain  e.\  iliea 

ita  place.  You  all  know  thai  (hum  iK?t>ple 
acqtrire  a  pi*eteruatnral  delicacy  in  the  »eii8<j 
of  touch,  which  did  not  escape  the  phfloso- 
phical  observation  of  Wordsworth,  who 
speaks  of 

"  A  watchful  heart. 

Still  CKmOhont — an  inevitable  ear ; 

And  tm  ojo  practised  like  a  blind  Ifso^a  touch." 


h  IM  II'- '^  S    111  > 


Now,  it  is  the  < 

to  thrr>w  off  b} 

of  the  bloo*!  ;  t 

under  a  great  variety  of  circii  i 

must   be   familiar  to   all,   th' : 

quently  act  vicariously  for  one     i. 

(mic«  of  the  liver,  and  thf  lungs  il 

manner,  to  throw  off  carbon  from  \  I 

and  whenduringresidence  in  a  Tr<  ►]  ■ 

the  lungs  are  unable,  frttm  thi'  ..  ul- 

m^j«phere,    to    jM^rfonn   thtni-  ,   the 

liver    acting    vicariously    for   tliis    urgnii  is 

stimtilated   to  undue   .'ictivity.  and  becomes 

consequent Iv   di.seafled.       \      '  «     ,i   p^ 

marks  to  the  Spirit  l*riul  that 

the  excess  of  carlx»u  iuli  -■"=- 

tern  by  alcohol  ia  throw i  [ 

by  stimulating  it  to  lUiiin  ^   ^ ...  s 

a  state  of  iufiammation," 

**  This  1  understand,"  observed  the  Ocroy- 
raan,  "  but  how  dtx^^  it  act  upon  the  bnun  ? 
Does  the  alcohol  itself  actually  Ijeeoroe  a1>- 
sorbed,  and  enter  into  the  substance  of  the 
brain!" 

*'  The  effect  of  an  excess  of  carbon,  in  the 
bhxMl-veasels  of  the  brain,  is  to  produce  sleep 
and  stupor ;  hence  the  drunkard  breathes 
thick,  and  snores  Bpasmodically,  and  after 
this  Htate,  ends  m  confirmed  a]>oplexy  and 
death — just  aa  dogs  become  insensible 
when  held  over  the  Grotto  del  C'ane,  in 
Italy,  where  they  inhalo  this  delrterious  gas. 
But  in  addition  to  this  it  has  been  clearly 
proved,  that  alcohol  does  enter  mto  the  sn In- 
stance of  the  brain,  for  it  has  been  detected 
by  the  smell,  upon  examining  the  brain  of 
|>erBons  who  have  died  di-unk ;  besides 
which,  alcohol,  after  having  l>eon  introduced 
by  way  of  experiment,  into  the  body  of  a 
hving  dog,  has  afterwards  b'?eti  procui*ed  nh- 
Bolut^y  aa  rdcohol  by  distillation  from  the 
su Instance  of  the  brain.  It  is  so  subtile  a  fluid 
that  LiL'big  says,  it  permeates  every  tissue 
of  the  body." 

**  But  how  do  you  exphuu  the  eircumatance 
that  death  sometimes  happens  suddenly 
alter  drinkiiig  spirits,"  aakea  the  Host,  "  be- 
fore there  can  be  time  for  absorption  to  take 
phuie?" 

**  I  remember,  not  nuoiy  years  ago,''  inter- 
posed the  merry-fsoed  guest, "  a  water-man  in 
attendance  at  the  cab-stand  at  the  top  of  the 
Haymarket,  for  a  bribe  of  five  shillings,  tossed 
off  a  bottle  of  gin,  iifion  which  he  topped 
down  iuiiensible,  and  soon  died." 

"  Tliis  may  clearly  be  accounted  for/'  ob- 
Merved  the  Doctor.  **  The  stomach  aa  I  pr.v 
miaed,  is  plentifully  supplied  with  nerves,  nnd 
is  oonuifcle<l  with  one  of  the  great  ncrvoui* 
centres  in  the  body,  so  that  a  audden  impn*^ 
eioa  produced  upon  these  nerves,  by  the  in- 
ti<  nIii,  i  'um  of  a  quantity  of  such  stimulus,  give* 
I  the  whole  iicr\*oud  system,  whici 
y  ovei^xiwerB  it.  From  the  cent] 
to  th«  cii-cumfereneo  it  acts  like  a  .«»tn)ke  oi 
lightning,  and  the  death  is  often  instan- 
taneous.     A  draught  of  iced  water  taketi 


416 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


whom  the  system  hna  been  orer-heAtefl  by  ex- 
ertion, by  danciiitj  or  otherwi^e^  has  been 
known  to  be  imfnedifttcly  fatal.  The  ph3aiio' 
loi^dil  actiun— or  rather  the  *fiUock^  u])oii 
tlie  nervous  Hystem,  U  in  both  cajsed  the  saiue 
— violent  mental  emotion,  will  in  like  maimer, 
sinqiend  the  action  of  the  heart  And  produce 
in&tiUit  death.  These  are  the  teiTora  of 
alcohol,  when  drank  to  excess  ;  but  the  health 
of  lite  habitual  tippler  ia  aure  to  be  under- 
mined ;  hii!  Imuds  wconie  tremulooa,  he  ifi 
unatwwly  in  Iuhi  gait,  hia  complexion  baeome« 
aallow  ;  and  all  hi»  irieiital  faexiltiej^  gradually 
imp»ir«d." 

"'  To  what,  may  I  a»k/'  inquired  the 
inerry-fttcaJ  jpwni,  **do  you  attribute  the 
circumatance  of  the  trembling  hand  reco- 
vering its  ateadiueati,  after  taking  u  elaas  of 
spirits  in  the  morning  after  a  debauch ; 
*  hair  of  the  dog,'  aa  it  is  called,  *  that  bit 
overnight  ?  * " 

"  Action  and  reaction  is  the  great  Law  of 
the  Animal  Economy,"  replied  the  Doctor ; 
**  over  stimnlation  will  alwaj's  produce  a  cor- 
reaponding  degree  of  depreasion  ;  when,  there- 
fore, the  nervous  system  has  been  over  excited 
by  alcoliolic  liqvi*)rs,  the  usual  amount  of 
nervous  energ\'  wliich  m  nece«aary  lo  give 
tone  to  the  muscular  s;y'atera  is  wanting,  and 
then  a  stimulus  gives  u  fillip  to  the  nervous 
ceotrea,  which  reHtores  the  uervous  powera  to 
tlic  extremities.  When  thin  stat»^  of  things 
however,  has  been  f)ermitteil  to  go  on,  and 
the  brain  haft  betiu  frequently  brought  under 
alcoholic  influence,  its  structure  beoomM 
jdlected,  and  a  ekiw  and  very  ini^idioUB  iuflam- 
niati(in  takea  place^  v?hich  terminates  in  a 
softening  of  ita  substanee.  This  mLichief  may 
proceed  for  a  conaidei-able  period  without 
oeing  suspected,  but  on  a  sudden  'delirium 
Irtmens"  may  supervene,  which  will  terminate, 
perhaps,  in  pamlvHift— perhaps  death  !  " 

"To  what,  Doctor,"  inquired  the  Clergy- 
map,  "do  you  attribute  the  mental  pleasures 
of  intoxication  \  Can  this  be  explained  ui>on 
phyxiological  }iriueiple8l  ** 

"  Kasily,  I  think,"  an«were<^i  the  Doctor. 
*'  All  inehriatiug  at,'ents  liave  a  two-fold  aetiou 
— aa  I  have  already  |>ointed  out — first,  on  the 
circulati*jn  ;  and  fleeondly,  on  the  ner^'ous 
system.  There  can  ^»e  no  doubt  that  the 
mind  becomes  endowed  with  eticreased  energy 
when  the  circuh*tiun  through  the  brain  is 
moderately  quickened.  This  has  been  provetl 
by  obsers'ation.  The  case  has  been  reported 
of  ft  pcrsf  »n  who  havinfj  lost  by  disease  a  \^(a± 
of  the  tjkull  and  its  investments,  a  corres- 
|>ondin>{  portion  of  brain  was  open  to  insijec- 
tioiu  In  a  state  of  dreamless  sleep,  the  brain 
lay  motiouk>i*3  \^itliin  the  skull  ;  but  when 
dreams  occurred,  as  reiMDrted  by  the  patient, 
then  the  quantity  of  blood  was  observed  to 
flow  with  increaaed  rapidity,  causing  the 
brain  to  move  and  jirotnide  out  of  the  skull. 
"V^Tien  |>erfectly  awake  and  engaged  in  active 
thought,  then  the  blood  apain  was  sent  with 
increased  force  to  the  brain,  and  the  protru- 


sion waa  stUl  greater.  Under  all  cireuuj- 
staiices,  increas^  circulation  through  th** 
brain  gives  rise  to  mental  excit^m*i?«t,  and 
Hometimes  to  an  unusual  lucidity  of  ideas. 
It  is  observed  in  the  early  sta^ei  of  fever  and 
even  m  the  dying — and  this  acoountM  for  the 
clearing  up  of  the  mind  which  *»omctinit'S 
occurs  in  the  last  moment*  of  lifc< — what 
is  called  familiarly  *the  lightening  before 
death." 

"That,"  observed  the  Clergyman,  "is  a 
very  curious  circumstance,  which  1  firmly 
believe  ;  and  you  account  for  this,  if  I  under- 
stand your  mejiuing,  by  explaining  tliat  the 
blood  which  no  longer  cirtTidati^a  m  the  ex- 
tremities which  may  have  becfjrae  cold,  flows 
with  inci^aaed  impetus  through  the  brain/* 

"Exactly  so,**  replied   the   Doctor,  "and 
ujxm  this  veiy  principle  the  rapidity  of  ideas, 
and  the  pleasurable  mental   excitement   at- 
tendbg  that  temporary  state  of  I 
exaltation,  depenris  on  the  increa 
of  the  flow  of  blooil  through  the  i  ......  ,    ^ui 

when  this  becomes  cametf  to  too  great  au 
extent,  and  the  rapidity  of  the  fum  fif  .lik- 
turbs  the  healthy  condition  of  th*'  '  n 

the   manifestations   of  the   mind    i  :  iy 

become  impaired^  the  id«iui  ai^  nu  i<»ngT>r 
under  the  control  of  the  reiksoning  faculty, 
and  the  l^xlily  organs,  usually  ui»der  tho 
dominion  of  the  will,  no  loi^gcr  obvy  it^  man- 
dates. Tliis  I  believe  to  w  the  true  theory 
of  mental  XntoxicatiouJ* 

"  But  there  are  many  drcomstancca,**  ol>- 
served  the  Host,  "  which  may  accelerate  or 
retard  this  excitement." 

**  Certainly,"  continued  the  DocUjr  ;  "  jxsr* 
sons  who  join  the  social  boanl  already  elat^Kl 
with  some  good  news,  or  caune  of  unusual 
happiness  ;  persons  who  talk  much,  and  excito 
themselves  m  atipijuent,  are  apt  U)  becoin« 
affected  more  speedily  than  those  who  hold 
themselves  in  the  midat  of  the  con  no 

£>8date  and  taciturn.     The  mind,  y 

exercise  a  considerable  |>owtir  ot  iLsi.Hiauoe 
against  inebriation  *,  for  which  reason,  tx^raona 
tu  the  society  of  their  superiors,  under  cir- 
cumtitancea  which  render  it  necessary  tliey 
should  maintain  the  appearance  of  being* 
always  well  conducted,  drink  with  impunity 
more  than  they  otherwise  couUl,  if  they  did 
not  imjiose  upon  themselves  this  consciousneas 
of  BeU-govemment.  We  also  observe  tVie 
influence  of  the  mind,  in  contu  >  1, 

indeed,  puttinpr  an  end  to  a  fit  i- 

tion,  by  makuig,  doubtless,  im  uujit  r-.-iiu 
on  the  heart  ana  causation,  when  a  *ensi'  of 
danger,  or  a  piece  of  good  or  bjul  uew^ 
suddenly  communicated,  sobers  a  person  oa 
a  sudden." 

"I  have  heard,"  observed  the  r 
guest,  *^  that  moving  about— ch:u 
one  seat  into  another — wiU  check  ui 
of  liquor;  and  I  have  known  p*  l - 
have  left  a  social  party  perfectly  8ol>er.  beconi© 
suddenly  tipsy  m  the  open  air.  How  is  this 
to  be  explained  }  *' 


I 

ho 


r 


*  Precisely  on  the  same  principle,"  answered 
the  Doctor,  "  upon  leavinff  an  overheated 
room,  on  your  returning  nomewarda,  you 
expoat?  yourself  to  an  atmosphere  many 
dtjj^Tfcs  below  that  you  have  ju«t  left.  The 
cold  diecks  the  circulation  on  the  surface  of 
the  hotly;  the  blood  iu  il riven  inwards;  it 
ftjcoumulates,  consequently,  in  the  internal 
organ B ;  and  sometimes  its  pressure  is  such 
on  the  brain,  as  to  pr^mJuce  on  a  midden  the 
'wary  last  stage  of  mtoxioation.  The  Itmbe 
refaae  to  Buppc«rt  their  burthen,  and  the 
person  faU«  down  in  a  state  of  profound 
iiiBeijjtibility  " 

"  1  Imve  recently,'*  said  the  Host,  "read  in 
the  Police  Reports  several  cases  of  this  de- 
gcription  ;  and  imagined  that  some  narcotic 
drug  must  have  been  mixed  with  the  hqaor 
dniuk  by  such  fHirsona.  Adulteration  of  some 
80it  must  go  ou  to  A  fiightful  extent  in  gin- 
palucea," 

**  Not  by  any  means,'*  answered  the  Doctor, 
"  to  the  extent  you  Bupp<5se.  It  h  mui  that 
the  spiirit-dealer  makes  his  whiskey  or  gin 
bead  by  a<ldiug  a  little  turpentine  to  it, 
"Well !  what  then  ?  Tui-pentine  is  a  very 
healthy  diuretic  It  is  given  to  infanta  to  kill 
worms  in  very  laree  doses.  Then,  again, 
vitriol  is  spoken  of ;  but  so  strong  is  sulphuric 
acid,  that  It  would  clearly  render  these  spirits 
quite  unpalatable.  I  do  not  affirm  that  the 
art  of  aaiUtei*ation  may  not  occasioually  be 
hml  i-ecoiu-se  to,  even  with  criminal  intentions, 
for  such  caaes  have  V»een  brought  under  the 
notice  of  the  uuthoritiea  ;  but  I  do  not  believe 
the  prjictice  is  au  general  aa  some  persona 
suppose.  I  apprehend  dQution  ia  a  more 
general  means  of  fraud.** 

*'  It  haa  often  occurred  to  me,"  said  the 
Clerg}Tnan,  '*  that  our  municipal  regulations 
might,  on  this  subject,  be  much  improve<L 
Our  Excise  officers  enter  the  cellars  of  the 
wholesale  and  retail  spiritHJealef,  only  to 
gauge  the  strength  of  the  spirit,  and  to  aseer- 
l;tiu  how  much  it  may  Ikj  ovcrproof,  which 
alone  regulates  the  Govemnient  duty  ;  but 
for  the  sake  of  the  public  health  1  would  go 
further  than  this.  If  a  butcher  be  found 
selling  unhea.lth_v  meat ;  a  fiahmonger,  bad 
fi«h  ;  or  a  baker  cheat  in  the  weight  of  bre;td, 
they  severally  have  their  goods  confiscated, 
and  are  tined ;  and  so  &r  the  public  is 
protected.  But  the  authorities  seem  not  to 
c*ire  what  description  of  poison  is  sold  aci-osa 
the  counter  of  gin-mdaces — an  evil  which 
may  easily  he  remedied.  I  would  pat  the 
licensed  victualler  on  the  same  level  with  the 
butcher  and  fiaUmonger:  and  if  he  were 
found  selling  adulterated  spirita,  and  the 
charge  were  proved  against  him  by  the  same 
hiLving  been  fairly  analysed,  he,  too,  should 
l>e  liable  to  be  fined,  or  even  hyae  his  licence. 
The  pubhc  health  is,  upon  this  point,  at 
present  utterlv  unprotected." 

'*  Some  such  measure,"  observed  the  Host, 
**  might  he  a<lvantageoualy  adopted ;  but  1 
confess  that  I  do  not  attvocate  the  prohibitioo- 


principle ;  instead  of  preaching  a  Cmaade 
agJiin&t  the  use  of  any  particular  article, 
wliether  of  mwessity  or  comfe^rt,  let  ur  edu- 
cate the  i-wople,  and  improve  their  social  con- 
dition by  inculcating  sound  moral  princijih-s  ; 
they  will  soon  learn  that  habits  of  iudustrj*  and 
temnerance  can  alone  ensure  them  and  their 
chikiren  liappiness  and  prosperity  ;  and  in  so 
doing,  you  will  teach  a  sound,  practice  per- 
manent k-ason.** 

"  But,"  interrupted  the  Clergyman,  **  if  we 
continue  the  conversation  longer,  we  ahall 
ourselves  Wcome  tranagreaeora ;  the  *  stirrup- 
cup  is  drained  :  much  remainis  doubtless  to 
be  said  respecting  the  evils,  physical  and 
moral,  which  arise  from  intemperance;  but 
let  UB  now  adjourn." 

"  With  all  my  heart !"  exclaimed  the  Host, 
"  and  now,  'to  all  and  each,  a  fair  gtx>d  night  !* " 


LIFE  IN  A  SALABEEO. 

Whence  come  the  thirty-five  thousand 
tons  of  ox-hidea  annually  imiKuled  into  thia 
ooiintry  1 — whence  a  large  pntportlou  of  the 
seventy  thousand  tons  of  talli^w  ?— whence 
the  twenty  thousand  tons  of  dry  Ixjnes — 
(for  sugar-refining,  ornamental  turnery,  and 
fancy  articles)  ]  —  whence  the  milUona  of 
horns? — whence  do  the  great  slave  popula- 
tions of  Brazil,  Bahia,  Pemambuco,  and  Cuba 
obtain  the  dry  and  salted  beef  which  is  their 
staple  food? 

The  answer  to  these  questions  is  a  descrip- 
tion of  a  South  American  "  Saladero." 

Thousands  of  miles  of  the  fineet  pasturage 
in  the  world  are  spread  over  the  Pampas  or 
Plains  of  Southern  America  ;  and  upon  them 
browse,  nearly  in  a  wild  state,  innumerable 
oxen  and  cows,  which  are  dexterously  caught 
by  means  of  the  Lasso  ;  are  brought  within 
the  precincts  of  an  *'  Eatancia,"  (described  in 
former  numbers  of  this  workV,  and  thence 
transferred  to  the  "  Sahuiero  '  to  be  killed^ 
skinned,  dissected,  salted^  and  distributed  to 
every  commercial  quarter  of  the  globe. 

A  **  Saludero  "  Bignifies,  literally,  a  salting- 
pUice,  from  the  Sjjanish  word  W,  salt.  The 
chief  eetabliflhmenta  of  this  miture  are  situ- 
ateti  on  both  banks  of  the  River  Plate,  near 
the  two  capitals,  Buenos  Ayrea  and  Monte 
Video,  Trade  and  manufacture  are,  however, 
banijahed  from  the  neighbourhood  of  the  latter 
town,  by  the  prolonged  siege,  which,  enmlating 
that  of  Troy,  has  been  carried  on  since  1843;  ana 
commercial,  and  ever}'  other  sort  of  peaceful 
activity,  haa  been  removed  to  the  Southern- 
most province  of  Brazil,  liio  Grande  da 
Sul.  But  the  Saladeros  of  Buenos  Ayres,  not 
having  been  disturljcd  by  warfare,  are  the 
only  ones  in  regidar  and  constant  opei-ation. 
They  numWr  about  twenty-four.  Most  of 
them  are  situated  on  both  sides  of  a  small 
river,  called  Riaclvuelo  <ie  Barracas,  at  a 
distance  of  about  three  milea  from  the  city  of 
Buenos  Ayres.  Around  them  a  little  town 
has  sprung  up,  and  is  gaining  fit^b.  \&.l^:bkkv 


of  tfe  eaLdti^a^ 

"  tluit 

Mf  kavv  »  k^gUi  of  fear 
ft  br«MlUi  liTikstfl^  two 
j«nk>  Ttv  IbcBi  »  madnogtilv;  bsviiig 
tbr  liTvr  on  oar  of  Cbe  longer  mAtm,  On  tbo 
vikir  tltfM  ttdtt  ii  10  #nrlonwi  hj  m  ditdi,  or 
■yi.  throng  wliieli  the  blood  of  tbe 
ilfloncnd  enltio  »  diiduirged  into  tlie  m«r. 
Ik  tM  oudille  of  the  njnttre  itandi  &  vltit« 
'id  li0iiB&,  vil^  ft  flniQ  nidea  and 
jrxid  lid*  fterroB  as  t&  liiadfiw 
tli»  mmjtt^tmik,  or  iMmyr  oftbeviole 

Hrtati^  ttawnglk  ft  atoway  frMBatha  mad 
en  Ike  S^eUi,  tJie  viaSfir  fioda  liiiiMclf  in  m 
Utfp  fardy  aantMndad  on  time  odea  bj  lauld- 
SBflft  On  tlia  left  la  tlic  tnrroL  Hib  la  a 
w&  Imt  vbiong  Indoanrt,  vUli  a  wfaumte 
pnrtal  fton  the  nia^  Cor  the  cattla  k> 
at.  WjthJB  ia  ft  nMaflnr  cvrrd  cr 
tlrel^  rpood,  and  pavad  vtlh  woo 
iftiitwnw  a  an  fijnnad  tij  linartj  ■laigxl 
Anoa  of  the  tronka  of  poplar  tmsft  TpBOk 
tha  mcotli  of  Kdwembar  tn  Apa  ^r  gfaai 
oonnl  it  alwara  fiaJt  of  bcfiowoHr  M  oattla, 
whiah  k  hnH^U  vUh  great  tronfie  and  often 
great  looi,  fagr  P^oplf^  called  artwnaMfoiiwi^  or 

Thaf  drhrv  tW  ttlHik  aithor  on  their  ova 

ofthehonaeof 
and  Go,  ai  the  nie  of 
inQei  ft  daj. 
Lai  na  aoppoM  fthod  to  have  ani-red ; 
Ift  ordir  to  se^  a  Hcm^  idan  of  the  life 

fiafaideraa^  foEorw 
to  tliair  dooB,  Tmagrno  thea 
in  the  grenl  ogftal  prvDftniur  to 
btdHmen  into  Iha  amaQ  one. 
to  tlUa  ia  appronched  br  ft 
cobmt/aB^  of  tVKi  nywv  oi  cm 
— vhole  tmalca  of  LfT«a  in  fi^t— driv«n  into 
thaasih.  The  gate  twtween  the  mat  oorral 
Bin  Riad^  ia  doaed.    The 

d  goftdij^  and  halkwnig  wHh 
B^  tifi  the  beaata  are  wediged 


t%htlT  mnd  tibor  baik.  nra 
Uo  the  aadi  m  atadk,  «■ 
ana  «de,  n  eonple  of  loog  knifvi^  hapft  in 
fannidahle  order  liw^n  atcd  aaanmilid  from 
the  olher;  aneh  bdae  ihn 
dreai  and  applMneea  or  the 

Tnsjr  all  nahe  tawacdi  a  laq^ 
w^vned^and  jKhiuid^iderft 
\  ia  auporled  hf 
TtSm  ia  die  jdkinar  ba 
^  ona  eocnar  of  Oia  pbjm  m  ft 
lion  with  the  rralLftaoK  of  dMnwap  acMiv 
wludi  b  fiHRtcaed  Midway  nilo  aadb  poal* 
,  ft  ^TBftt  bar.  TpoB  thia  ur  ii  itted  n  aan& 
whadi,  c^rer  the  e~ 
iwe  a  atrong  and 
'  laaack,  or  nnnaw  i 
ffvC^aad  ft  ooi^le  of 
olhtr  and,  in  the 
low  carfii^  into 
dsftd.  to  be  drftwn  ftwa: 


ageentSaneni  ftreaooareftdr 

MeanwhOi  the  Ottato  lif  Iw  CVnlM  (C^ 
I  tain  of  the  Qmla)  wUJI  ft  halMonts  b^  an 
IwT  tidtngr   round  tfie  huvar 

^KSdbftdtT  •*     -         " 


the 


their  la»i  atv  capable  oC  aadaBtniHai 
In  aO^raCiom.  tall  they  hK««  wglA 
fnm  eiEfatr  to  ft  Imnilml  i#  the  boHito 


When  that 


■cntifeT  ffoiaig  on  in  Hi^  1 
tib  vfetfiM  to  thatr  doom. 


.  calile  aiY  abnt  In^and&ll  vmIb 

j  the  ■lanflituniift  by  a  wxyiqge 

ITeftr  to  the  bftr  and  wheel  an 


pvopftiiuff 
The  eninu 


^ 


port- 
Gnllia  Idnd ;  and  when  the  petfoimanoea 
vemdt  iiTft  to  aawinencw,  it  ia  lifted  up.  Tbe 
^  tima  niah  in;    bat  the    mofDent 

iher  eneotx&ter  aighta  and  ameOa 
p>ncnions  of  their  oouing  Ikte^  which  impel 
than  to  make  a  raddcn  retreat.  AlaaT^e 
matant  the  last  tafl  baa  pawfil  nnder  the 
opening^  down  falla  the  door  to  cmoae  all 
egteai;  and  the  unhappy  oxen  ind  themadref 
aa  cooxptetely  iBiprucrxi<Al  aa  rata  in  a  ti^x 

It  la  three  o*clock  in  the  mondiig  of  ft 
Simth  Amfrifftn  anmiDei;  and  a  bdl  baa 
ftlnady  awmmrmrd    the  workmen    to  their 


Ch^knUboc 


^a  abort  galley,  in  fiiCt)-nnd  wfth  vnenns 
aim  Ihrowa  the  noooe  of  Ida  lHn»  ofer  the 
bcjinta  of  the  itmioit  **ww*t^  and  eiiehea  it. 
He  then  gira  the  word  ''d^r^Cp*  on),  to 
iIm  horaeo  bameaaed  to  tbe  ollnr  and  of  t&« 
laaao  ^  they  more  rmpadly  en,  the  lano  tra¥aii 
moiM  the  wheel  till  the  ox*a  head  ia  ptoaad 
ao  tirikUy  ^jBimft  H.  that  he  ia  i«tf«criea%  and 
ibrow  Into  a  portion  moat  eonreaaent  to  b« 
dandMtttd.  The  fwintmi^r  then  dmwa  from, 
hia  bidt  a  abort  dagger,  and  atnba  the  anmiftl 
En  the  bade  of  tite  neck— ita  noaft  ndnanUe 
part— jost  between  the  aloafl  and  Ae  fnbwu 
Doath  is  xnatantaneoim :  after  a  ednrnUvn 
chndder  the  beaBt_d^opa  down  m  If  atmdc 
with  ligbtninc. 
bomaoe  mode  ol 
adrantage  be  adopti 

In  ftndnnte  the  carupon 
reeetT«a  theanintti  ia  dnwn  (on  thebarbei^ 
Wtioi)  into  the  inlanor  of  ^  adPjpan,  oi 
tram.    The  cansaae  la  delfreied  uner  10 
aidancra,  nod  the  car  i^tnroa  to  the  ftial 
and  wheel  fee  anGriOier  rietinL    Tim 
all  day,  vith  the  exeepUon  of  a  bnlf- 


^easi  utopa  uown  m  u  airwcK 
^  Tbla  b  ft  conyratm^ 
of  alansbter^  whidi  wa^%  wiOt 
adopted  in  thia  oounnr. 


CteriM  Dlcl»B«.: 


LITE  IN  A  SALADERO. 


till  three  or  four  in  the  aftemoon  ;  and  so  dex* 
t<*rou8ly  and  rapidly  is  tliis  sort  of  battue  kept 
tjp,  that  duriug  the  twelve  hours  from  fimr  to 
five  hundred  aaiujala  ar^  daily  dispoeed  oC 

The  tUs^lador  now  procee<ifl  to  dissection. 
He  cut^  the  head  oflF  in  a  trice.  The  skin  is 
.ii^..,..r  Lir.ni  from  the  trunk  hy  a  series  of 
I  t'ven  cuts,  and  then  stripped.  Beef 
:  ;    xt  oonaidemtion  ;  but  only  the  fore 

part  of  the  beast  is  prepared  for  the  salting 
process.  The  skinner  takes  out  the  two 
shoulder  pieces,  the  two  back  pieces^  and  two 
breast  pieces ;  so  that  only  six  joints  are 
thought  worthy  of  preserration.  The  carcase 
is  dtawn  away,  ana  makes  room  for  another 
aoiinal  jnst  slaugbtered,  to  be  dealt  with  in 
like  manner. 

The  meat  having  been  washed,  dried, 
and  removed  hrom  the  bones^  is  taken 
to  another  place,  which  ia  the  **  SalnicLero '* 
proper^  or  ealtintj-house.  It  has  b««n  cut 
into  piecea,  which   ai*e  now  arranged  in  a 

Suare  pile,  each  hiyer  being  covei-ed  with 
It.  Thifi  pUa  containing  the  results,  in  beef, 
of  the  day*3  slaughter  is  afterwards  removed 
to  be  dritnl  again,  and  is  then  ready  for  ex« 
Dortation.  Wlien  there  is  a  great  demand 
lav  t»ecf  the  drying  is  done  by  a  forced  pro- 
cess, in  three  <>r  tour  dam;  but  it  is  best 
done  when  the  piles  are  allowed  to  l-emain  for 
several  weeks,  belbrc  dried. 

While  the  meat  ia  being  salted  and  piled, 
the  bones,  fat,  and  intestinfis  ai'e  hurried  to 
another  part  of  the  yard,  where  two  tall 
chimneys  indicate  to  ua  where  the/fiArtca,  or 
meltin^-hoinie  is  situated — jnst  opposite  to 
the  gaipcn,  and  forming  one  aide  of  tne  square 
we  iiave  ju^st  crossed.  We  pass  under  its  roof 
^-for,  lik«  none  of  the  other  sheda,  it  has 
wall*-— and  obaei've  two  iSre-plaees,  each  sur- 
mounted by  iiD  enormous  Ixjiler,  from  these 
boilers  ascend  fonr  copper  tnl»es,  through 
each  of  which  is  driven  with  the  force  of  an 
tngine,  a  powerful  jet  of  steam  into  the  bottom 
of  a  tina  or  vat,  from  fourteen  to  eighteen 
feet  high,  and  made  of  thick  pine  staves, 
bound  together  with  hoops.  As  each  steam 
pip*»  le^da  to  a  separate  vat,  (of  which  there 
'  '       either  capable  of  oont^iining  from  a 

'  I  a  hundred  and  Hfty  curcfifles  and 

"to load"  each 


lank 

»  .iSll 


Jl. 


M'l:, 


■A  ll 


is  completed, 

to 

•  ned 

t  out 

.    tkt 

hipmcnt. 


h*  aus.       I 

Vat  ;  but 

thf    !*tp'Mn     .-     -liiiici    .•(!    .U4U    '''^- 

*>:    If  I    !  -=j:mtly     fn>m     ' 

s*-'vi-nt  v-i  W.J  uL'Urs.  'ITieeleant'i 

bones  are,  at  the  end  of  that  i 

and   the   tallow  dnxwn   otF,   ]- 

vessels  and  packed  in  barrels  ior 

The  remaining  nuisa  is  so  completely  reducwl 
dry  fibre,  that  it  makes  excellent  fuel,  and 
used  to  heat  and  stew  succeetling  "  lojids." 
lis  is  a  gr«  at  mlvantage  iu  a  district  very 
mtilysujjplind  with  wood,  and  in  which  there 
"  •  •'  whatever,  '^'  -  ;  -'--' fuel,  thus 
-  Jipprnpr  le  conda, 

-     -ef."     Iji  i\r  > ,,.  .  .>  ,.,,ing  is  ever 

9X)lA  the  ntility  of  canie  cotida  is  not  con- 


fined to  **  keeping  the  pot  boiling.'*  It  is  left 
iu  such  abundance  in  the  vat&, that  after  the  fur- 
nao«s  ar<  '     '       '         :  ,4 

up  in  icLi' 

and  left  to  bum  till  it  ia  rtslno 

Tli£se   ashes  are  t'    •!    i"    ri...Ur 

stones,  as  well  as  a\ 

of  the  river,  and  ^^! 

have  80  raised  tlie  l>atiks  of  the  i 

they  protect  the  Sahiderofl  from  iii 

The  moat  imr>ortant  and  protitaLL'  pia  t  of 
the  ox  is  its  lude.  There  iir©  two  wtiyw  in 
which  hides  are  prepared   for  t  : 

they  are  either  salted  or  dried- 
meat  is  carried  &x>m  the pln}!>  ti>  1     n^r 
house,  and  the  oarcas  to  tl        ,         ,     u  ti 
skin  is  delivered  over  to  a  sei  ui  v\ui    n  <  u 
called  descnmmlore^  or  trimmeirs.     Tin      !  1 
each  hide  on  the  flat  of  their  Uu  hnnds 
off  all  the  beef  and  fat  whicli 
to  the  inner  coating  with  a  kj  ut 
band,  trim  the  edges,  and  then  str^teh  out 
the  hides  bv  meuM  of  stakes  driven   into 
the  ground,  if  the  skins  are  to  be  dried.    If 
thoy  are  to  be  salted,  a  pile  is  msile  of  them 
with  layers  of  salt.   Drietl  hlil                   much 
more  time  and  skill,  than  wl                    '  only 
salted.     In  the  latter  case,  iLlv   .u^:.  p.Hrked 
in  caskfl  for  exportation  ;  in  the  former,  when 
shipped,  they  are  tied  up  in  bundles. 

It  is  thus  that  the  principal  parts  of  the 
beast  are  disposed  of ;  but  he  yields  cert^ua 
minor  articles  of  merchandise  which,  in  the 
e,  materially  increase  the  trade  of  a 
ero.  The  heads  are  detaine<l  on  their 
way  to  the/ahrica  by  boys  whose  business  it 
Is  to  take  the  tongues  out.  When  this  is 
done,  the  tongues  are  salted,  a  process  which 
requires  great  skilly  that  the  salt  may  |)ene- 
trate  the  thick  part  as  well  as  tlie  tip.  In 
order  that  the  roots  may  receive  the  salt 
more  readily,  they  are  hammered  on  a  stone. 

But  before  the  head  is  toased  into  the  vat,  it 
has  to  >je  denuded  of  its  horns,  w^hich  are  l-o  l>e 
brought  off  with  the  frontal  bono  which  holds 
them.  A  few  tlays*  exposure  to  the  idr,  espe- 
cially in  wet  wuather,  so  loosens  the  hoi*ns 
that  they  are  removed  with  veiy  little  effort. 
Millions  of  them  are  exported  every  year. 
The  refuse,  lefl  behind  by  the  dttcafnaiofeSf 
is  employed  in  ^lue^makiQg.  Even  the  tailfl 
of  oxen  are  mmie  into  merchandise.  WheQ 
suiBciently  dry^  they  nra  packed  up  in  kiies, 
liut  w^hether  their  ultimatu  dtatiuy  be  soup 
or  not,  we  have  not  Ijeen  able  to  learn.  Cer- 
tain it  is,  that  from  tlie  hoofs  is  extracted,  in 
a  Kpecial  department  of  the  Saladero,  an  oil, 
which  pays  remarkably  well. 

The  work-people  ai-e  ]>atd  wtigm  which 
woidd  astonish  the  European  operative.  Even 
boys  gain  from  foiu*  to  dve  shillings  a-day. 
Wlule  the  more  skilful  workmen  can  net  as 
much  as  &om  six  to  seviidi  poimds  sterling 
per  week. 

The  control  and  bnainesB  arrangements  of 
these  gveat  establiahmenta  am  oonfided  to  a 


< 


<K» 


HOUSEHOLD  WO&Da 


in  o  vol  in 


h 


who  rfstdoB  on  th« 
or  ovteneer, 
uv  almoct 
IbmUj.  JniSeed,  the 
JDaUsltiutioiiB:  ibrdgiMn, 
m  and  Irish,  tncreaae  daUj. 
pkaMtt  kttve  been  miu^  im* 
■nd  tntdUgeoee  by  tii* 
btnid^n,  and  all  work  in  bannooy  in  the 
Sakdero;  thoogfa  th«geoet«leSttncteraf  th« 
tmitn  papoktiou  is  tttrbolent  in  the  extnme. 
Hmfij  aU  die  fine  territonea  in  that  pait  of 
the  wotid  are  periodically  phingwl  in  &ve* 
and  nuAonia  war,  which  reterda  ctriUaalic 
■ndrBoderfl  o^nim^'n.^  nnoertauiandhaaanloaab 
lilatolK  r.  that  with  increMiBff 

iatBTBuiirg  ^  the  pec»ple  of  Sou 

AsMfiea  Will  W  oouvinced  ui  the  benefita  of 
ff^imiH'roe,  whidi  ever  brings  in  tta  train  those 
IJ4    luibita    and    moral  jMlTanti^ea, 
ir  baa  hitherto  baniahed  from  the 
iiosi  uufrieia. 


I  »w,  last  j«b;  a  coartly  dasHe, 
With  otentlMl  bwi,  wl  jaerdb'  aaoic. 
▲ad  iJlthe  ai»  oflMilMrvd  suw- 

A  fa^-hnd  «lmf^tha« 
JJl  »•  the  eoM— b^  doaa  tha  oune. 

And 


190,  ilia  IMsdiys  way. 


THE  CHURCH  POOR-BOX 

I  4.11  ft  Po€>r-Box  f— here  1  stick, 
KaU«c1  to  a  wall  of  whitofrufaed  brick, 
TaaKoin^  with  *'  Cmdea  comicig  thick,* 

That  Bomattmaa  mingle 
With  aolid  pones  from  thote  who  kneel  ; 
ynuit,  BOW  and  then,  oh  joy  i  I  fesl 

A  iixp«ioe  tiogle  ! 


The  robin  00  ntc  oft  doth  Lop ; 
I  am  the  woodlonse'  working  ^&op ; 
And  friendly  aplders  sooetimei  orop 

A  line  to  me ; 
While  e'm  the  sun  will  often  atop 

To  fihioc  OD  xoe. 

I  a»n  of  Btcrllng,  dose,  hard  grain 

Aa  any  box  00  land  or  main  ; 

By  t  a^,  my  friendly  who  can  anatain. 

In  aohtttdet 
Neglect  might  make  a  Saint  complain, 

^^liateW  hie  wood. 

HsaTSB  hath,  no  doubl,  a  lat^  deeigo  : 
Some  hearts  are  harder  gratn'd  than  mine ; 
dome  men  too  fai,  and  aome  too  fine. 

And  aome  can't  spare  it, — 
I  do  not  toeea  to  warp  and  pine^ 

But  liuinblj  bear  iL 

T'      '':  a  oold  and  draughty  place, 

'  >Ika  paai  by  with  quickened  paocv 

i'i  «j  rUg,  perchance,  a  dtjiDcrgmoe ; 
But  erer  tlicn, 

I  feel  the  comfort  of  Hts  &ce. 
Who 


t  mw.  last  we^  in  portly  atyle^ 
A  usurer  coming  down  the  aula ; 
Hia  chin  a  ccrcw,  hb  noao  a  ilig 

With  gindet  eye : 
Be  tamed  hia  bead,  to  eotudi  and 

Andaidledbr. 

I  saw  tiie  asms  lieh  man.  this  mom. 
With  ddily  cheek  and  ^t  for)oc&<-. 
As  feeble,  slmoat^  aa  wh«n  born  ; 

He  drqnt  aocae  pelf, 
Pfly^  the  Fter^the  w 


weak  and  worn— 


Herbesaty  hkeita 

She  gave  me  gold ; 
'^  I  am  like  thee  *-— I  heai4  her  av^ 

"Hollow  and  cold' 


The 


sx: 


Hie  tiweller,  'soaped  fipom  field  aztd  £00^ 

Endows  the  Fbor  ; 
IW  ^fiag  nuso-  senda  his  n»»i3. 

TV  make  Heaven  aare. 


A  lover  with  hia 

(Her  parents  being 

Drew  forth  hie  pone  walh  eleek-fiK«d  pciil^ 

i^#*i;i>ff  iBj  wood: 
An  day  I  Cnlc  a  pain  in  Che  eide^ 

He  wee  "ao  good," 

TheOaptain  freeh  from 
M  J  humble  chum  to  pit^ 
The  Juetioe  on  bis  shiUtiig 

Bat,  wont  of  all, 
An^bypocrites  diiplay  their  emws 

Bende  taj  yrsJL 

There  eame  a  little  chOd,  one  (Isy, 
Jaat  old  enoQgh  to  know  iu  vay , 
And.  clamheriiig  up,  it  seeiueil  to  elf 

'^ Poor  lonely  Baa." 
Gave  mo  a  kjes    and  weal 

With  drooping  lodca. 

I  have  to  play  a 

With  aU  men  a  charitfea  I 

Bat  Ihoee  who  giTo  with  a  dnUTa  heart 

F^om  pore  foont  wraag : — 
Tlie  rart  I  take,  aa  on  the  nari; 

Wiee  bead— etin  toagne. 


A  BIOGRAPHY  OF  A  BAD  SHILLINO. 

I  musTS  I  may  state  with  oafideuce  ibai- 
my  parents  were  mpectablci  notwithatandklg  ^ 
tlmt  one  belonged  to  the  law— bang  the  iia0 
door-plale  of  a  aolicitor.  The  other,  wm  A 1 
pewter  flagon   reaiding  at  a  w&j 


hotel^  and  muring  in  distimeiiiahnd  ioeietir  ^ 
for  it  aasisted  almost  dnuy  at  aarrinal 
nartiea  in  the  Temple.  It  fell  a  Tictini  at 
bat  to  a  pereou  belonging  to  the  lower  order^ 
who  seized  it,  one  fine  monun^  while  har>g!ii^ 
upon  aome  nilin^  to  dry,  aaa  conreyed  it  U» 
a  Jew,  who — I  blosb  to  record  tbe  inault 
oflered  to  a  respected  member  of  my  lamily— 
melted  it  down.  My  first  memiaiwiwt  paiwAt 
— the  zinc  plate— waa  not  enabled  tn  jaorve 
mnch  in  aodety,  owing  to  iU  very  eloM  eoa^ 
nexion  with  the  street  door.  It  occn|^iedl^ 
howaw,  a  veir  oonapieooas  position  in  a. 
leading  thoronghfiue,  a^  was  &e  m^-aua  of 
dtSnaiiig  more  naefol  instruction,  pftrha|a^ 
than  many  a  quarto,  lor  it  i^ibnn^i  the  ran- 
ning  as  well   aa   the  n^ading    pubLc,  thai 


^ 


^ 


CUrIa  VkknL* 


A  BIOGRAPHY  OF  A  BAD  SHILLING. 


421 


MensTB.  Sna.ppl«s  uid  Sou  resaded  witlim,  and 
that  their  onice  hoiira  were  from  ten  till  four. 
In  onler  t^  become  my  progenitur  it  fell  a 
vicltui  to  dishonest  practices.  A  "  fa^t "'  iiiou 
uii«cr«wed  it  one  night,  And  bore  it  oif  iu 
triumph  to  hia  chambers.  Here  it  was  in- 
cluded by  "  th«  l»oy "  among  hia  numeron* 
*•  pt;rquisites,"  anci^  by  an  easy  transition,  boou 
founa  ita  way  to  the  Hebrew  gentleman  above 
mentioned. 

The  first  meeting  between  my  pai-cuta  took 
place  iu  the  meltmg-pot  of  this  ingeiiiouB 
person,  and  the  result  of  their  Bubsefjiieut 
union  was  mutually  advautageous.  The  one 
gained  by  the  aUlauce  that  strength  and 
solidity  which  is  not  possessed  by  even  the 
purest  pewter  ;  while  to  the  solid  qualities  of 
llie  other  were  abided  a  whiteness  and 
brilliancy  that  unadulterated  zinc  could  never 
di^lay. 

From  the  Jew,  my  parents  were  transferred 
— ^ia>-Ht«riously  and  by  night — to  an  olnscure 
intliviilual  in  an  uliscure  quarter  of  the  metro- 
]x>U<i,  when,  in  secrecy  and  silence,  I  was  eatt^ 
to  use  an  appropriate  metaphor^  upon  the 
world. 

How  shall  I  describe  my  first  impression 
of  existence  I  how  portray  my  agony  when 
1  beoune  aware  what  I  was—vihea  I  under- 
stood my  mission  upon  earth  7  The  reader, 
who  has  possibly  never  felt  himself  to  be  what 
Mr.  Carlyle  calls  a  "  eham/'  or  a  "  solemnly 
constituted  impt^tor,"  can  have  no  notion  of 
my  Bufferings  ! 

These,  however,  were  endured  only  in  ray 
early  and  unsophisticated  youth.  Since  then, 
habitual  intercourse  with  the  best  society  has 
relieved  nio  from  the  embarrassing  appendage 
of  a  coiuscience.  ily  long  career  upon  town — 
in  the  course  of  which  1  bave  been  bitten,  and 
rung,  and  subjected  to  the  most  humiliating 
testa-— lias  blunted  my  sensibilities,  white  it  has 
taken  off  the  sharpness  of  my  edges  ]  and,  like 
the  counterfeits  of  humaDity,  whose  lead  may 
l>e  «een  emulating  Bilver  at  every  turn,  my 
only  desire  is — not  to  be  worthy  of  passing, 
Uit  simply — to  pass. 

My  impression  of  the  world,  on  first  be- 
coming conscious  of  existence,  was,  that  it  w:li 
abciiut  fifteen  feet  in  length,  very  dirty,  mid 
had  a  damp  unwholesome  ameB  ;  my  notions 
of  mankind  were,  that  it  shaveil  only  once  a 
fortnight ;  that  it  had  coarjic,  misshapen  fea- 
tures ;  a  hideous  leer ;  that  it  abjured  soap, 
as  a  habit ;  and  lived  habitually  in  its  shirt- 
sleeves. Such,  indeed,  was  the  aaf»ect  of  the 
a[iAilmL'Ut  in  which  I  fii-st  siiw  the  light,  and 
each  the  ap}^>earance  of  the  j)rofessional  ^n- 
tlenuw  who  ushered  me  into  exi.stence. 

I  may  add  that  the  room  was  fortified,  as 
if  to  sustain  a  fliege.  Not  only  was  the  door 
itself  lined  with  iron,  but  it  was  atrcDgtheiied 
by  i>ondrous  wotxlcn  beams,  placed  upright, 
and  aci-oHs,  and  in  every  possible  direction. 
Tiiis  formidable  exhibition  of  precautious 
against  danger  was  quite  alarming. 

I   had  not  been  long   brought   into    this 


"narrow  world "  before  a  low  and  i)ecuUar  tap, 
from  the  outside  of  the  door,  met  my  ear.  My 
master  paused,  us  if  alarmed,  and  seemed  on 
the  point  of  sweeping  me  and  several  of  my 
compaiuons  (who  had  been  by  this  time 
mysteriously  ushered  mto  existence)  into  *ome 
place  of  safety.  Reassured,  however,  by  a 
second  tapping,  of  more  marked  peculiajity, 
he  commeuoecl  the  elaborate  process  of  nn- 
fijstening  the  door.  This  having  been  accora- 
plisheil,  and  the  entrance  left  to  the  guardiaa^ 
ship  only  of  a  ma-ssive  cluiin,  a  mystcrioua 
watchword  w^as  exchanged  ndth  some  person 
outside,  who  was  preeiently  admittcrl 

"  Hollo !  there  s  two  on  you  ?  '*  said  rav 
master,  as  a  hard  elderly  animal  entered, 
followed  somewhat  timidly  by  a  younger  one 
of  mild  and  modest  aspect. 

"A  green  un  as  I  have  took  under  my 
arm,"  said  Mr.  BHnka  (which  I  presently 
understood  to  be  the  name  of  tne  elder 
one),  "and  werry  deserving  he  promises  to 
be.  He 's  just  come  out  of  the  stone-pitcher, 
without  having  done  nothing  to  entitle  him 
to  have  gone  in.  This  was  it :  a  fellow  out 
at  Highbury  Bam  collared  him,  for  lifting 
snow  from  some  raiUnffli,  whei-c  it  was  a 
hanging  to  dry,  Yuun^  Innocence  had  never 
dreamt  of  anything  ot  the  kind — bein'  a 
walking  on  hia  way  to  the  work'us — but 
beaks  being  prowerbially  otherways  than  fly^ 
he  got  six  weeks  on  it.  In  the  *Ouse  o 
Correction,  however,  he  met  some  knovving 
blades,  who  [Hit  him  up  to  the  time  of  day, 
and  he'll  booo  be  as  wide-awake  as  any  on  'em. 
This  un»ruing  he  brought  me  a  poctet-book, 
and  in  it  eigh=^ty  jxnind  in  flim&ies.  As  he  is  a 
young  hand,  I  encouraged  him  by  giving  him 
three  pun'  ten  far  the  lot — it's  ruunin*  a 
risk,  but  I  done  it.  As  it  is,  I  shall  have  to 
eeud  'em  all  over  to  *Ambug.  Howsomever, 
he 's  got  to  take  one  puna  in  home  ma^de ; 
bein'  out  of  it  mvself,  i  have  brought  him  to 
you." 

**  You  're  here  at  the  nick  o^  time,'* 
said  my  master,  **  I  *ve  just  finished  a  new 
batch— ^* 

And  he  pointed  to  the  glittering  heap  iu 
whJeh  I  felt  myself — with  the  diffidence  of 
youth —  to  he  unpleasantly  conspicuous. 

"  I  've  been  explaining  to  young  Youthful 
that  it  'b  the  regular  thing,  when  he  sells 
hia  swag  to  gents  in  my  way  of  business,  to 
tukii  part  of  it  in  this  here  c^iin,"  Here  he 
took  nw  up  from  the  heap,  and  as  he  did  ao  I 
felt  as  if  1  were  gi'owing  black  between  his 
fingers,  and  having  ray  prospects  in  life  very 
much  diunaged. 

*'  And  ia  all  this  l>ad  money  ? "  said  the 
youth,  curiously,  gazing,  as  I  thought,  at  me 
alone,  and  not  taking  the  slightest  notice  of 
the  rest  of  my  companions. 

"  Hush,  hush,  young  Youthful,''  said  Mr. 
Cliuks,  **  no  offence  to  the  home  coinage. 
In  all  human  affairs,  everjtliink  is  as  guod 
as  it  looks." 

**  I  could   not  tftll  t\x*sfli  tctswv  '^st  i^jsuA:— 


"I 


nonssBou)  wobdb. 


i^ *-— hMlSly  Ariaod  tliebcpj 


Afafcl|ffi|fr 


t  «liotilcl[toji«l   Of  lip 


to  it  aB— «o  j«m  wet  w€*n 
thm  tvo  sdMc^tlu*  hen 


njMlf  lM|iiim;  sp  «ttfe  ^fiir  "UlttBiL  for  ia«adcic«  (iMetag  atr  op  ^gim 

[fc  WM  pblii  I  ««i  Ami  IrptiEi^  E'u-  jining  of  Ion  togLiliv  aHfervmlL  T^aiagi 

o#  joiiilL     In  jotiee  to  myvtl^  tia  ■flSiy  mad  til*  kadfllL    Tikis  we 

1  BM  botttid  to  «f  tlttl.  I  hftva,  iiiwithftfilft;uditii«lw  liimMrfwIiiwi 


of 
of  IIm  Icrik  uid  mvteis  of  tl»  ereatton 
hdisMi  much  toam  atMordly  andcr  ilie  iii«> 
ioMOtcf  flattery. 
"  WoUl,  we  moii  put  j«m  op  to  the  means 


tlul  *era  M  ia  eoaHniuiIljr » 

JLnyone  who  %  iir»  to 


tell  w!icl]i«r  tBe  axt 
a  lookioff  at  the  b 


pected  iKat  %  Be  will  evt  m 


•ixw  or  not,  br 
jt  aa'i  lie  ec* 


af  llwlbi^ out  thif  rad  Ttirt]«  fram  tb<»  mock,**  \  iruMhem.    This  k  redj  the  graat 


It  onnrbadfc 


dn  Uic^  get  Ifi 


aal«l  my  aAat4nr.    "  It  *■  difficult  to  teil  b>' 
rini;.    Sdlver^  if  it  'h  at  all  cracked — aa  lot 
uumef  la^^Qfi^t  rin^  no  1«tUfer  than  pewu>r  : 
hmidmt  people  can't  try  trrery  bleiani  bit  a*' 
•oiD«  folks  is  of- 
aiii^t  got  ao 
As  foi  ....    .  . 

t0  ItO  iha  dlfl«r«&ce.  A 
CO  ths  aid^t  ^'<j>t  *•«  vour 
»  pteoa  o*  t 

ti.  }itml  *\ni».    Yon  asa,  the  way  it^s 

dofjii:  ui  tliJ^ — t  mipprma  I  iQajr  put  the  Tmuig 
'un  up  i*t  A  thing  or  two  luoro  ? "  Allied  Mr, 
Biinkx,  pausing. 
My  muvtcr,   who  lukl    during  the  above 


'muttmion." 


J  iL.fv  anybody 

'  e  {iggem 

'•  liy,  wen 

i,  inok  to  the 

4  J   your  finger. 

}rf«ct»  ten   to  one 


our 

re  lir.  BtmkMj  oreaoopa  by  ^ 
pucat43d  ehaiaatcr  Of  his  aaljeet;,  aahaM  into' 
a  ftt  of  afai<netioa»  dnriiur  wtadi  be  took  m 
oDMocn  tmll  at  my  mastor^  poitar. 

whetoer  suggested  br  the  ooalaaght 
hia  bwr,  or  by  a  genenJ  sense  of  "  _ 
buameea,  my  master  now  benn  to  iliowsjfinp- 
totua  of  impatkaee.  1Cl>n<i!ng  the  asbes  out 
of  hifl  pi[A>,  he  asked  *'how  many  bpb  Ua 
fricijd  wanted  }  *' 


Bli 


Ttte  arrsatgeme&t  was  eooQ  oonclt^ 
inkw  fSliif^l  a  hiM*  whir 


!-"-■- 

as  jl'  ' 
now  ti 
native  or  | 
He  «aw  Ti<.< 
but  p- 
becai) 
tv 
K 


hero 


li,,}.r..-l   u  L-li. 


,1  /?. 


.t4Ml 

tor !  of  that  appendagei 


rhirh  ho  <^irrit 


"lit-.  .\fi  1  I 
ouIJ  fet*l  it  tiT' 
.,^\o  done  had  I 


til 


liwttie  in 
a  at 


t-^,*a 
xma. 


I   I  Ml  F  Ml  1  I  I  '■  I  111,        i  all  I  m  '% 

&oA<"* — Viy  which    hn    ntr 

f  -  iinui>,f-4|  of  a  iiiixti'r  of  L. 
lic.     Til  coorsta  these  ia 
ill  Mold  to  geutt*  in  niy 


theiio 

i>i 
iij- 

Un«j  ot  luH  iM^w,  who  filhtT  !n«uufjK*tt»n»  llieni 
theiUMt.'ive's,  or  Wflla  'cm  to  ;t;enta  as  ilrK^s. 
Now,  If  the  injujuOicturtr  i»  only  iu  ti  sniall 
way  of  bis'iicsH,  sukI  ia  of  a  mi?.'in  «Hf  nr»  he 
merely  tituttcn  his  nni  '  ^Ivr  of  Paris 

tuoiil'18.     Hut  ffr  THt*'  1  i  k*(t  our  tricn J 

hern   (-        :       '   "    *  I    Approvin^y 

over  I  :  won't  pay — 

too  Ui(i  ..,.,,    ,,  ,.      ^Ii,  ^>l'-.|t«  M! 

th«  iv\  u  the  xnmiuCuctur  ij* 

men.     I  V  ^»f  what  l\wy  lmIIs  ;i 

tTntt**ry  a  ciiat  in  mailo  of  that   i 
iiolftctcd  for  hiiuit}itiou.     From  t 
which  you   bcp,  thnt  there  *Vio  Ih  mniWt,  and 
fbjm  that  thcr«?  »itp  im^in^-iMiona  is  sstnick  otf 
on  pbt<*H  of  tht'  itare<l  lor  the  pur- 

pose.     Novv^j    ill  I  wc   ain't  got  tliw 

whole  fjf  the  ui.a>,iM  .  ,  '  ,.  (.^ovemmept 

institoottou  ^yf^  nt  on-  though   it 'ti 

our  inteutmri  Inr  to  h< .  .  .h  .Maater  of  the 
Mint  (in  iiuitation  coin)  aome  of  tlKN»e  days 


Mv  new  master  then  quiii^I 
my  with  Mr.  Blink 
mer  of  the  street —  i 

^tininfiter.    His  rapid  ^cpa^ioedily 

iiii  to  the    southern  batjk  *^  the 
£,iii   and  silvery  Thames,'*  aa  a  r  ► 

-nef   poHfteseed   nus    ^onlv    ftir  hmh 
:1kh1  that  u  ' 

I   I  nmi  ill 

>«  of  ita  dc*cc'ii 

■i    -'•-    >-n...  .-.f    :_ 

ti   ,_,     .    '     '    '        '       .  .  ^  --t  wh'»iii   I  li 

ghdcx),  in  an  ali:t9ent  and   ag>'  tvnr  ; 

and,   bavin-;;    tt'^frnilivl    Kpvrr,  .>(   a 

narrow  art  .  .     rj^iued  the 

drwtr  of  a,i4  ;.  4..nk*, 

Tlie    room     \vju<    l(/\v^   and    ill     ■  I 

A  fire  burnt  in  the  grate,  ami  a  sn  i 
fllckei-e^l    on  the    tnh\e.     Beside  the    i^nue, 
flat  an  old  man  sleeping  on  a  obsil*  I  otM^ 
*^--   table^  and    bendinEj  over  the   ♦'■  ^'--'-'f 
,  aat.   a  }M)Uiig  jpn   engaged   i 
MiaKter  was  welconwl.  r«)i    li* 
f,  it  Hfeuied,  for  tx'^ 

ime  he  hadjheafud,  <  ; 

uriii  he  had  eome  to  shuid  il  witii  hiq  tether 
and  fliater. 

1  led  a  quiet  life  with  mv  companions,  in 
my  master'a  jxjckct,  for  more  thrvn  a  woek. 
At  the  end  of  that  i  "  '  ! 

money  wr^  noarly  e\  1 

<>M   more  than  one  OK-'.cmiy.n  .mt-i,  jm-u'  i-u^i^r 
mixed  with  a  neighbouj*  or  two   i>f    uiin^ 


A  BIOGRAPHY  OF  A  BAD  SHILLING, 


493 


Waotj  Lowever,  did  not  leave  ub  loii^  at  rest. 
Under  metenM  of  going  away  again  W  get 
"  work,  my  master — leaving  several  of  my 
frieiids  to  take  Iheu:  chance,  in  admlnislering 
to  the  ncct'saities  of  bin  iiahtir  and  JsLstei" — 
vrent  away,  1  remuiaed  to  be  "amaahed" 
(passed)  by  my  uiitster. 

"  Wbere  are  you  j^omg  so  feat,  that  you 
don't  itcogniae  old  filends  I "  were  the  words 
addressed  to  the  youth  by  a  puaBer-by,  as  he 
was  cro&iilng,  M  a  violent  pace,  the  nearest 
bridge,  in  3ie  dii*ectJon  of  the  Middlesex 
bank. 

The  i^peaker  wzis  a  youn^  geuUemon,  aged 
about  twcntv,  not  iU-hiokin^^  but  with  fea- 
tures exhibiting  that  pecuLirir  expreaaon  of 
ciiTiTiitiL:;,  which  m  popuJai'ly  desciibed  ai 
'  He  was  arrayed  in  what  the 
\  lia  in  the  newspapers  call,  "the 

U^i-LL  ul  &shlon/' — that  is  to  say,  be  hiul 
ti.^vcati^  the  tstvltt  of  the  most  daring  dandies 
of  last  year.  Ho  wore  no  p:love8 ;  but  the 
blckat4^l  rubicund! ty  of  his  hands  was  relieved 
by  a  profujslon  of  rings,  which — even  without 
the  ci^ar  in  hi^j  mouth — were  quite  snfticient 
to  eataoUah  his  claiw^i  to  gentility. 

Edward,  my  maat^'r,  retumeil  the  civili- 
ticu  of  the  stranger,  antl,  turning  back  with 
him,  they  agreed  to  "  go  somewhere." 

'^*Have  a  weed,"  said  Mr.  Bethual,  pro- 
ducing; a  Well  tilled  cigar-case.  There  waa 
no  reaistinc'.     Edwaid  U»ok  one. 

"Wl         '    '^  we  go  i"  he  add. 

**  1  I  lat  we'll  do/*  said  Mr,  Beth- 

Dal»  wii'-  I  .M%'  d  as  if  experiencuig  a  novel 
ficnsation — he  evidently  haJ  an  ideiu  ''  1  teiJ 
you  what  —  we'll  ^o  and  blow  a  cloud 
^"ith  Ji*e,  the  j)iij;«rrni- far  icier.  He  lives 
only  a  short  distance  off,  not  (ar  from  the 
abltey  ;  I  want  to  see  him  on  biusinesa,  so  we 
shall  kill  two  birda.  Hea  one  of  ua,  you 
know.'* 

I  now  Learned  that  Jdr.  Bethnal  was  a 
new  acquaintance^  picked  up  under  circum- 
stanoes  (as  a  member  of  i>arliament,  to 
whom  I  once  belonged,  used  to  say  in  the 
House)  to  which  it  is  unnecessary  farther  to 
aihide. 

"  I  was  glad  to  heeur  of  your  luck,  by-the- 
bye,"  said  the  gentleman'  in  question,  not 
nuticing  hia  companion's  wish  to  avoid  the 
sultject  **I  he«unl  of  it  from  Old  Blinka. 
Smashing  *a  the  things  if  one'H  a  preaeutable 
cove.  \ou'd  do  deuced  well  in  it.  YouVe 
only  to  yet  nobby  tog)i  and  yon  'li  do." 

jVlr.  Joe,  it  appeared,  in  addition  to  his 
oruitliolos^cal  occupations,  kept  a  small  shop 
for  the  side  of  ooda  and  potatoes  ;  he  was  also, 
in  a  very  small  way,  a  timber  merchant ;  for 
several  bundlea  of  firewood  were  piled  in 
pyramids  in  hia  abed. 

>ir.  BethnaPa  business  with  hjm  waa  soon 
despatdied ;  allhou(Th  not  until  after  the 
latter  had  been  aaeureii  by  hia  friend,  that 
i!:*lwai^  was  "of  the  right  sort/'  with  the 
qualiiicatiian  that  he  wan  **  rather  green  at 
pteaent  /'  and  he  was  taken  into  Mr.  Joe*s 


confidence^  and  alu  into  Mr.  Joe's  up^tain 
sanctum^ 

In  answer  to  a  request  from  Mr.  Bethnal^  in 
a  jargon,  to  me  then  unintolUgible,  Mr.  Juti 
producetl   from  some  mysterious 
at  the  top  of  the  house,  a  heavy  < 
which,  he  emptied  on  the  table,  < 
a  heap  of  shiUinj^  and  balf-crou  j, 

by  a    sympathetic    instinct,   I    immodialcly 
detectecl  to  be  of  my  own  specie& 

"  What  do  you  think  of  theao  ] "  said  Mr. 
Bethnal  to  hia  young  friend* 

Edward  cxpi'eeaeu  some  aatonisliment  that 
Mr.  Joe  should  be  in  the  line. 

"  Why,  blese  your  eyes,"  said  that  gen- 
tleman ;  "you  dou^t  suppose  I  geta  Juy  li\'e- 
liho4Hl  out  of  the  alied  down  stall's,  nur  the 
pigeons  neither.  You  see,  these  thiucs  jiro 
only  dodges;.  If  I  lived  here  like  a  genueman 
— that  is  to  say,  without  a  occupation— the 
nUose  would  soon  ^>e  down  upt»a  me.  They  'd 
be  obleeged  to  take  notice  on  me.  As  it  i'a,  I 
comes  the  respectable  txadeaman,  who 's  above 
auapiciou — and  the  pigeons  helpa  on  the  busi- 
ness wondei'fiU.*' 

"How  is  that?" 

"  Why,  I  keeps  my  materials — tho  pewter 
and  all  that — on  the  roof,  in  order  to  \>e  out 
o*  the  way.  in  case  of  a  surprise.  If  I  was 
oflc^n  seed  upon  the  roof^  a-loukiug  arter 
such-like  matters,  inquisitive  eyes  would  be 
on  the  look  out.  The  pigeons  is  a  capital 
blind.  I*to  believed  to  b<s  dewoted  to  my 
ingeona,  out  o'  which  I  takes  care  it  aliould 
tie  thought  I  makes  a  little  fortun — and  that 
makes  a  inan  respectetl.  As  fa*  tho  pigeon 
find  coal  and  *tatur  businesses,  tliem  'a  dodges. 
Gives  a  opportoonity  of  bringing  in  queer- 
looking  snckfuls  o'  thingB^  which  otherwise 
would  compel  the  *jr/w<<*— as  we  calls  tho 
pUese — ^fjo  come  dowTi  on  us." 

"  Compel  them  I — but  surely  they  oome 
down  whenever  they  Ve  a  Huspicion  t  * 

"You  needn't  a*  l«hl  me  ne  was  green^" 
said  Mr.  Joe  to  his  elder  acqmdntance,  as  he 
ghuiced  at  the  youth  with  an  air  of  pity. 
"*  In  the  first  place,  w#  takes  care  to  keep  the 
vorkflhop  almost  impregnable ;  ao  that,  if 
they  attemnta  a  lorprise,  we  has  lots  o'  time 
to  get  the  thiogs  out  o'  the  way.  In  the  next^ 
if  it  comes  to  the  scratch — winch  is  a  matter 
of  almost  life  and  death  to  us — ^we  stands  no 
nooaenae." 

Mr.  Joe  pointed  to  an  iron,  crowbar,  which 
stood  in  the  chimney-comer. 

"1  ses  uotliing  to  criminate  friend^  you 
know,"  he  added  signiiicantly  to  Mr.  Bethnal 
"  but  yaa  remember  wot  Sergeant  Higalev 
got  ?  " 

Mr.  Bethnal  nodded  asaant^  anil  Mr.  Joe 
voUmteered  for  the  benefit  and  instruction  of 
Etlward  an  account  of  the  detnise,  and  funeral 
of  the  Ute  Mr.  Sergeant  Higalejr.  That 
official  having  been  promoted,  was  ambit ioua 
of  being  deaigoated,  in  the  newspapei^, 
"active  and  intelligent,"  and  gave  informa- 
tion against  a  gang  of  coiners ;  "  Wot  woa 


: 


4U 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


'C«i»4t»e^«i  \f 


i 
* 


I 


the  coniujquence  ? "  continued  the  nanmtor, 
"Somehow  or  another,  that  pMeiieniaD  wan 
n*fver  more*  hoered  on.  One  fine  night  he 
went  on  his  beat ;  he  dii«Jn*t  show  nt  the 
next  muBter  ;  and  it  wae  8^p3«ed  he  "d  b<jlted. 
Evt'iy  enquiry  was  made,  and  the  'mysle- 
rioua  disainiearance  of  a  p'lesemiui/  got  into 
tlie  mK>8pjipers»  Howsonutever,  he  never  got 
anywheres." 

*'  Ami  whiit  became  of  hira  1 " 

31  r.  Joe  tlien  proeeede<l  to  tftke  a  long 
puflfnt  his  pipo,  and  winking;  at  hia  initiated 
friend,  proceeded  to  nan-ate  how  that  the  in- 
jured Rttng  dealt  in  eggs, 

♦*  what  h.oa  that  to  do  with  it  ?" 

"  Why  you  see  eggs  is  not  nlwuys  eggs." 
Mr.  Pouter  then  went  on  to  atate  that  one 
niglit  a  long  deal  chest  left  the  preuiiBes  uf 
the  coiners,  tmuked  out-side,  *es:g8  for  exp*jir- 
tation.  They  were  duly  shipped,  a  member  of 
the  fuTiii  being  on  boiiitl.  The  passage  was 
rough,  tlie  l»ox  w;w  on  deck,  aiul  someliow 
or  nther  somebody  tumbled  it  overboai'd." 

**  Bnt  what  ha»  this  to  do  with  the  missing 
policeman." 

"The  chest  wjwi  six  feet  long  and J'* 

Here  Mr.  liethnal  l>ecame  uneaay. 

"Veil,"  said  the  host,  "the  firra^a  broke 
M^,  and  is  j>iisi  pt^aching  upon,  oidy  it  shows 
yon  my  green  *un  what  we  can  do.' 

1  wflis  sljoken  in  my  raaster'8  Docket  by 
the  violence  of  the  dread  which  Mr»  Joe  b 
glory  had  oocxwionerl  him. 

Mr.  Bethnal,  with  the  philoBophy  which 
waa  habittial  to  him,  putfed  away  at  Ms 
pipe. 

•*Tho  fact  o*  the  matter  is,"  aaid  Mr. 
Joe,  who  wtts  growing  garrulous  on  an  ob- 
viously pet  subject,  **  that  we  ain't  afeerd  o* 
the  p'lcHe  in  this  neighbourhoiRl,  not  a 
hap'orth  ;  we  know  how  to  manage  them." 
He  then  related  an  funieedote  of  nnntlier  police- 
man, who  had  been  formerly  in  his  own  line 
of  V)in«inesa.  Thia  gentleman  being,  aa  he 
observed,  *'  fly  "  to  all  the  secret  aiguH  of  the 
eraft,  obtained  an  interview  with  a  friend  of 
hirt  for  the  purpose  of  purchasing  a  hundretl 
shillings.  A  packet  wna  produced  and  ex- 
changed for  their  pixiper  price  in  currency, 
but  on  the  policeman  taking  hia  prize  to  the 
station  house  to  lay  the  information,  he  dia- 
eovered  that  he  had  been  outwitte<l.  The 
rouleau  contained  a  hundred  goo*]  farthings, 
for  each  of  which  ho  had  paid  two  pence 
ludf penny. 

*'  rhi'i!,  what  is  the  had  money  generally 
worth  t  "  tusked  Edward,  interrupting  the 
speaker.  **  Ab  a  general  rule,"  was  the  answer, 
'*  our  sort  is  worth  about  one- fifth  jmrt  o'  the 
wallie  it  repreaeuts.  So,  a  sovereign — (though 
we  ain't  got  much  to  do  with  gold  here — 
that  'a  made  for  the  most  pai-t  in  Bnim- 
mngero)  —  a  *  Brum  *  Soverei^  —  may  be 
Dought  for  about  four-and-aix  ;  a  bad 
crown  piece  for  a  good  liob  ;  a  half-crown 
for  alwut  fippeuce  ;  a  l»ob  for  twopence  half- 
penny, ttud  so  on.    An  for  the  sixpenny 's  and 


fourpemiyV,  we  don't  make  many  on  Vm, 
their  w&llie  Iwein'  too  imiigjniticant."  'Sir,  J<>e 
then  pmeee^led  with  w>uie  further  remmka 
for  the  b«^nefit  of  his  pnjtcgu  j — 

"  Vou  jsee  you  need  have  no  fair  o"  yiasj^iitg 
thia  here  money  if  you  're  a  rcapcctable  look- 
ing cove.  If  a  gentleman  u  disco vereil  at 
anythink  o'  the  kind,  its  alwayn  laid  to  a 
mistake  ;  the  shopuum  knocki*  \itider,  and  thci 
gentleman  gives  a  gc>c^d  piece  o'  Uioney  with 
a  grin.  And  that 's  how  it  is  that  bo  much  o* 
our  mannyfactur  gets  sniaahed  all  over  the 
countr)'." 

The  visitors  having  been  B^ntiewliat  boj-ed, 
apparently,  during  the  latter  portion  nf 
their  host's  reniarkB,  soon  idler  took  thoir 
departure.  The  rum-and- water  which  Mr, 
Joe's  liberality  had  suttplied,  effectually  re- 
moved E/lwaril's  scruples  ;  and  on  hia  way 
back,  he  expre8fle<l  himself  in  high  terms  in 
favour  of  "smashing,**  eonaidert^  w&  a  pixi» 
fefisic  m. 

"  O'  course,"  was  the  wply  of  his  expe- 
rienced coiurMinion.  "  It  ain't  once  in  u  thou- 
sand times  tliat  a  fellow 's  nailed.  You  shall 
make  your  fii-st  trial  t^T-night.  You've  the 
needful  in  your  pocket,  hav  tj't  you  ?  UvQM^, 
hei*e  'd  a  shop — I  want  r.  cigar," 

Eilward  ap]K'are<i  to  hesitate ;  but  Mir. 
Joe*a  nim-and-water  a^aerted  itself,  aiid  lutO 
the  shop  they  both  marched. 

Mr.  BetlLnal,  with  an  air  of  moat  impcisiiilf 
nonchalance  took  up  a  cigar  from  one  of  the 
covere'i  ea-ses  on  the  counter,  put  it  in  hia 
mouth,  and  helped  himself  to  a  light.  Edward, 
not  80  composedly,  followed  his  exajrnple. 

"  How  much  ?  ' 

"  Sixpence." 

The  next  instant  the  yonth  hsui  tlrawii  me 
from  hie  pocket,  receivcff  six]>encc  in  chatigie, 
and  walkeil  out  of  the  shop,  leaving  ine  nn  Jer 
the  guardianship  of  a  new  maater. 

I  did  not  remain  long  with  tljc  tobacconist ; 
he  passed  me  next  day  to  a  gentleman,  who 
was  aa  innocent  as  himself  as  to  my  real  cVia- 
racter.  It  happened  that  I  lUppe*!  into  th« 
comer  of  this  gentleman's  pocket,  and  re- 
mained there  for  several  weeks — he»  appH'> 
rently,  unaware  of  my  exifltence.  At  leugtli 
he  discovered  me,  and  one  day  1  found  my*elC 
in  coiupany  with  a  _yow^  half-crown,  exchanged 
for  a  pair  of  glove«  at  a  reHj>ectablG  looking 
fcihop.  After  the  purchxLser  had  left,  the 
a-^sistant  hwked  at  me  auapiciouHly,  and  wafl 
going  to  call  liack  my  late  owner,  but  it  waa 
too  late.  Taking  me  then  to  his  master,  he 
asked  if  I  waa  not  \w\.  "  It  don't  lotjk  vetr 
goml,"  waa  the  answer.  "  Give  it  to  me,  and 
tiike  care  U*  be  more  careful  for  the  futiue," 

I  was  slipped  into  the  waistcoat  pocket  of 
the  propriet<)r,  who  immediately  aeemeil  to 
forget  all  about  the  occurrence. 

That  same  night,  imme*liately  on  the  shop 
being  closed,  the  Bbopkceper  w:dked  oilC, 
having  chaiigetl  his  elegant  atsiume  for  gar- 
ments of  a  coarser  and  leaa  cunspicuoufi  de- 
scription, and  hailing  a  cab^  requested  to  be 


Ctarlva  DJiOeni 


BIOGRAPHY  OF  A  BAD  SHILLING. 


425 


driven  to  tLe  same  street  in  Westuiinater  in 
which  I  first  aaw  the  light.  To  my  AstoiiLsh- 
ment,  he  eutered  the  sbo|»  of  my  first  m.*ister : 
— how  welJ  I  remenihered  the  place,  and  the 
cojutk."  countenance  oF  its  proprietor !  Ascond- 
in<^  to  the  top  of  the  hi'iiae,  we  eutered  the 
rt»oiu»  to  which  the  reader  liaa  V>een  aln^ady 
introduced, — the  scene  of  so  much  secret  toil. 
A  long  conversation,  in  a  very  low  tone, 
now  trH)k  place  between  the  pair,  from  which 
I  gleaned  some  intenisting  tiarticulara.  I 
discovered  that  the  respectable  gentleman, 
who  now  possessed  me,  wfia  the  coiner's 
partner, — hia  being  the  "  issue  "  deimilment, 
which  hia  tratle  tnuisactions,  and  uiiimpcach- 
!      1  eter,  enabled  him  to  undertake  veiy 

xjci  vuLir  next  batch  be  mnde  as  perfectly 
ajBjpoBsible/*  I  heard  him  say  to  his  paitoer. 
**^  Tne  last  seema  to  have  gone  verj'  well  :  I 
have  heard  of  only  a  few  detections,  and  one 
M'  those  waa  at  my  own  shop  to-slay.  One  of 
iny  fellows  maiie  the  discover}^,  bnt  not  nDtU 
after  the  purehaaer  had  left  the  shop." 

"  That,  you  see,  will  'appen  now  imd  then,*' 
was  the  answer;  "but  think  o'  the  nimiber 
on  'em  as  h  about,  and  how  sharp  some 
people  is  getting  —  thanks  to  them  nooa- 
papers,  as  is  always  a  interfering  with  wot 
don't  concern  'em.  There 's  now  so  much  of 
oar  metal  about,  that  it  *s  almost  impossible 
to  get  change  for  a  suft'rin  nowhere  without 
^ttiug  some  on  it.  Everybody  ^a  a-taking  of 
It  every  day  ;  and  as  for  them  that  *8  detected, 
Uiey  >e  made  only  bj  the  common  chaps  as 
ain't  cot  our  maaheenery," — and  he  glanced 
proudly  at  hi«  well-mounted  galvanic  bat- 
tery. **  All  I  wi.sh  ia,  that  we  could  find 
some  dotlge  for  milling  the  edcea  better — it 
t-ikea  aa  much  time  now  as  all  tlie  rest  of  the 
Work  put  together.  Howsomever,  I've  sold 
no  end  on  Vm  in  Whitechaj^el  and  other 
phices,  since  I  saw  you.  And  as  for  this  here 
neiglibourhood,  there 's  scarcely  a  shop  where 
they  don't  deal  in  the  article  more  or  less." 

"  WeU,"  said  Mr.  Niggles  (which,  I  learned 
from  his  emblazoned  door-poata,  was  the  name 
of  my  respectable  master),  ^  be  as  careful  about 
these  as  you  can,  I  am  afraid  it 's  through 
aome  of  our  money  that  that  young  girl  has 
been  found  out." 

"  Wot,  the  young  'oomau  as  has  Ijeen  re- 
manded so  often  at  the  p'lese  court  I  '* 

"  The  same.  I  sliall  know  all  about  it  to- 
morrow. She  is  to  be  tried  at  the  Old  Bailey, 
Anil  I  am  on  the  jury  as  it  happens." 

Mr.  Niggles  then  departed  to  hia  suburban 
villa,  and  pnaaed  the  remainder  of  the  evening 
as  became  so  respectable  a  man. 

The  next  morning  he  was  early  at  busi- 
liesa  ;  and,  in  his  caitftcity  of  citizen,  did  not 
neglect  his  duties  m  the  court,  where  he 
Arrived  exactly  two  minutes  before  any  of  the 
other  jurymen* 

Wlien  the  prisoner  was  placed  in  the  dock, 
1  saw  at  once  that  abe  was  the  sister  of  my 
ftfBt  poBMSSor.    She  had  attempted  to  pass 


two  bad  shillings  at  a  grocer^s  shop.  She  had 
denied  all  knowledge  that  the  money  was  bad, 
but  was  notwithstanding  arrested,  exanuned, 
and  was  committed  for  trial.  Here,  at  the 
Old  Bailey,  the  case  was  soon  desi>stched 
The  evidence  was  given  in  breathless  haste  : 
the  judge  summecT  up  in  about  six  words, 
and  the  jury  found  the  gii'l  guilty.  Her 
sentence  was,  however,  a  very  short  impri- 
sonment. 

It  was  mj  fortune  to  pass  subsequently 
into  the  possession  of  mimy  persons,  from 
whom  I  learnt  some  twirticulara  of  the  after- 
life of  this  family.  The  father  survived  his 
daughter's  conviction  only  a  few  d.iys.  The 
son  was  detained  in  custody  ;  and  as  stxin  as 
his  identity  became  establishe*!^  charges  were 
brought  Jtfainst  him,  which  led  to  his  being 
transported.  As  for  his  aister^I  wua  once, 
for  a  few  hours,  in  a  family  where  theic  was 
a  governess  of  her  name.  I  had  no  oppor- 
tunity of  knowuig  more ;  but — j\s  her  own 
nature  would  probably  save  her  from  the 
influences  to  which  she  must  have  Ix'en  aiil*- 
jected  in  jail^ — it  ia  but  just  to  suppose,  that 
some  person  might  have  l3een  founrl  to  brave 
the  opinion  of  society,  and  to  vield  to  une  so 
gentle,  what  the  law  caUa  '*  tlie  benefit  of  a 
doubt," 

The  changes  which  1  underwent  in  the 
course  of  a  few  months  were  many  and 
vainous — ^now  rattling  carelessly  in  a  cash- 
box  \  now  loose  in  tlie  pocket  of  some  caieless 
young  fellow,  who  passed  me  at  a  theatre ; 
then,  perhaps,  tied  up  carefully  in  the  corner 
of  a  handkerchief,  liaving  become  the  sole 
stock-in-hand  of  stime  timid  young  girl.  Once 
I  was  given  by  a  father  as  a  **  tip  '  or  present, 
to  his  little  boy ;  when,  I  neetl  scarcely  add, 
that  I  found  myself  ignominiously  !*pent  in 
hardbake  ten  minutes  imerward*.  On  iLuuther 
occasion,  I  was  (in  company  with  a  sixpence) 
handed  to  a  poor  woman,  in  payment  for  the 
making  of  a  dozen  ahirts.  L)  this  case  I  was 
so  fortunate  as  to  sustain  an  entire  family,  who 
were  ou  the  vet^  of  starvatioiu  Soon  after- 
wards, I  formed  one  of  seven,  the  sole  stock  of 
a  poor  artist,  who  contrived  to  live  upon  my  six 
companions  for  many  days.  He  haa  reaerved 
me  until  the  last — I  believe  because  I  was  the 
brightest  and  best-looking  of  the  whole  ;  and 
when  he  was  at  hiat  I'educed  to  change  jue,  for 
some  coarse  description  of  food,  to  his  and  my 
horror  I  was  discovered  ! 

The  poor  fellow  was  driven  fi-om  the  shop ; 
but  the  tradesman,  1  am  bound  to  say,  did  not 
treat  me  with  the  iudij^ty  that  I  expected. 
On  the  contrary,  he  thought  my  appearance 
so  deceitful,  that  he  did  not  scruple  to  pass 
me  next  day,  as  part  of  change  for  a  sovereign. 

Soon  after  this,  somebody  dropped  me  on 
the  pavement,  where,  however,  I  remained 
but  a  short  time,  I  was  picked  up  by  a  cliiM, 
who  ran  instinctively  into  a  shop  for  the 
purpose  of  making  an  investment  in  figs.  But, 
coins  of  my  class  bad  been  plentiful  in  thai 
neighbourhood,  and  the  grocer  was  a  sagar 


\ 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


r&mdncwilr 


cious  nijiii.  Tlie  ivsiilt  wai»»  that  the  chiltl 
went  figltiaa  away,  niu}  {h;\t  I — my  <cl|j;ea  curl 
iw  I  record  the  hun  Cict-^WJia  nailed 

to  the  Of  Ml  nter  nil  hii  l^jiothcra.    Here 

my  cMver  tiiKJed  aiiiJL  my  iiiogr.ipliv  rU.-.   . 


CHI?  S. 

DEATH    IN    TUB    SUGAR    PLUSL 

At  ibis  pretent  writing,  there  lie  on  our 

dcttk  tt  halt-a-dozen    Hweetmettto.      They  ai'e 

nbout  thr-  ^ize  of  ^n-^'Aon^s  e^i ;  captivating  to 

the-  red  colour ;  tempting 

to  1 1 1  I H  encnaed  in  a  n\ignry 

Qom]f')\ui'i  ;    tii'i  '  'isy   Id  I»c  procured,,  bfint; 

»d»otil  a  p^^nny  jkt  dozen.     Tlicy  are  sold  hi  aU 

t  I  :  f  alio f IS  ;  and,  aa  if  they  could  not  l>e 

disaemiuattHl  among  the  juveinlc 

'^t     largt;,    ai*e    very    genenUIy 

in  poor  neighboarlH)Qda,  at  a 

II  in  price, 

Tlipy  are  mnk  poiflou !  and  we  givi*  a 
mclfuicholy  history  connected  with  them, 
tiTtriBmilted  to  us  by  a  mourning  futhor, 
wht>Me  name  and  address  are  appended  to  his 
letter : — 

"  My  daughter  "  ho  saya,  •*  aged  nineteen, 
purchased  on  the  19th  of  bctc»ber,  and  ate  an 
ounce  of  a  fattcy  swL'*tmeat  called  Burnt 
Ahuoiida— (I  find  that  she  had  eaten  some  of 
Ihem  previously  in  the  course  of  the  aoine 
wi:ek) — and  iluring  the  following  night  she 
was  takon  with  violent  pains  and  BioknesS; 
and  exhihitetl  all  the  syraptoras  of  having 
taken  iMiisou.  She  wittered  intense  agony 
until  the  4th  of  November,  when  in  conse- 
mience  of  the  inflamed  and  weakened  utate  of 
trie  Luteiirtines,  collapse  or  strangulation  of 
them  t^ok  ])lace,  and  after  drea^lfm  miffMingi 
flhe  di*.Tl  1)11  llir  Sunday  following,  hsTtng 
ttlwut  seven  hours  ]>reviously  unoorwent  a 
painful  surgical  operation, 

^'  I  am  influenced  by  no  personal  motive. 
My  daughter  has  lost  her  life,  when  a  long 
duviition  of  it  and  its  enjoyments  appeared 
before  her;  and  it  is  in  ortier  that  jtfirunt« 
may  escape  the  mental  sufferings  that  I  have 
exfK?rienced,  and  that  their  children  mtkv 
escape  the  agoaieH  that  my  daughter  endure<l, 
that  1  court  publicity  to  theae  painful  ^ts. 
These  poisonous  eweetmeata  are  sold  in  every 
Btruet ;  and  they  not  only  contain  poison  in 
the  colouring  matter,  but  sulphate  of  bfU'vte^, 
a  Mp^cies  of  plaster  of  Piiriw  procured  from 
Derbyshire,  enters  largely  into  their  comjwjai- 
tion  111  the  place  of  sngjir.  I  semi  you  a 
sample  of  the  burnt  almonds,  the  same  sample 
with  Dr.  Letheby'a  letter,  and  a  more  detailed 
account  of  my  daughter's  case  I  forwarded  to 
the  Houie  Oftice^ innocently  Hup]H>sing  that  pro- 
tection ofllfe  fi.  '  ii  beofftdtficient 
importT.nce to  ^  lUon  of  O^jvem- 
mout ;  thejwci.  inuimn  with  a  formal  ac~ 
knowledgmeut  of  the  receipt  of  my  letter  ;  it 
therefoi-e  resta,  a^i  Dr.  Letheby  intimates,  with 
the  public  "  to  put  a  check  on  the  practic*.^ 


Dr.  Letheby,  one  of  our  most  eminent 
t^ixicologistii,  in  hi«  uii«w(>r  lo  thu  above 
aijplication,  comnnmicotes  his  analyBta  in  th« 
followiiig  terms  :^* 

**  In  reply  to  your  letter  of  vcatej^ay,  I 
have  to  state,  that,,  on  Weduesday,  the  tith 
instant,  I  receivt***.  '•  'If  Uyl*^.  a  parcel 
of    red-coloured  ,   which    are,    I 

believe,     sold    UTidi :   nn.^    *S      T'urnt 

AUnonds,*    I  have  made  iv.  i«? 

material,  and  I  find  that  it  <  is 

of  lead  ;  but  I  cannot  venturtf  U*  it 

learning  more  of  the  history  an-f  if 

the  nijdady,  that  thin  metallic  ii  ^n 

was  the  cause  of  the  ^lisease  froni  ir 

daughter    aiiffere<l.      Tliis,    1;  y 

state,  thut  lead  is  a  very  iusi  d 

that  it  caimot  be  taken,  cvt-n  m  inv  ?iii;ill 
quantities,  for  any  length  of  time^  without 
pr« Mincing  serious  effects  on  the  animal 
economy  ;  it  ought  not,  thcrefoi-e,  to  be  intro- 
duced, under  any  circumstances,  as  a  oousii* 
tuent  of  our  food.  Should  the  diaeaait  in 
question  Imve  been  oecjwioued  by  thv  colouring 
matter  made  use  of  In  the  pi  of  th© 

sweetmeat,  it  is  a  disaster  iu«it,  1 

think,  create  much  surpriae,   wl  in- 

sider how   reckles»Hly  th/^   maiiit^  >C 

cheap  confectionery  are  permitted  to  |ir;ictiac 
their  art." 

We  have  Dr,Leth«by'8  authority  for  adding, 
that,  within  tlie  laat  three  jqiii-»,  as  many  ii» 
aeventy  ca«e«  of  poison! u  firp  <  b^m  h.ir.'d^ 
in  this  cjTuntry,  to  thf  t9 

in  fiincv  aweetmeat*  ;  .ii  ic 

themselves  make  *ome  elli>rt  to  pu i  n  vhcek 
on  the  practice,  more  serious  roaulta  will  yet 
follow. 

AlthoTigh  it  is  undenitm»d  that  careleamteaa 
exists  in  the  general  m       '  "        !"<'C- 

tionery,  yet  it  is  not  ii  it 

the  existence!  of  poiaon  I. 

The  phi>'ful  Itenuty  at  u  /s 

a  "cracker"  vriXh  her  d 

not  be  more  afraid  of  r  U 

the  explosion  diachargr-  'kf 

the  equally  h:irndess  nioLiti  i  nuia  it. 

The  colouring  matter  n.«ied  :  f   ron- 

fectiouery  is  comparatively  hi  '   S 

as  in  most  similar  cases,  it  i  lO 

who  suffer.    Our  warning  is  nu!*eil  m•)n^  espe- 
cially against  cheap  sweetmeats  ;  and  a^ptlnuit 
these — jia  against  poison  in  any  form — the  less 
erlucated  and  alHuent  ought  to  \y*3  pR>itrc(ed  ; 
but  in  tliis  cijiui  try,  when  a  d*- .llv  .  ^.il   .rv^.-tg 
chiefly  or  wholly  the  |>oor.  to 

have  full  sway — the  check,  i  ,  nt 

on,  is  slowly  and  often  ineffectually  applied 
Hence,    the    poison-sold -tf\'erywhr'n^    yy^etn 
which  we  noticed  in  our  num1»er  1 5 
is  permitted  to  go  on  killing  its  h  r 

amiuiji,  without  one  meml>eT  of  1'  * 

auflicient  influence  rising  "in  hi 
legislate  a  pivventive  measure.     ^  n 

several  guests  are  poisoned  at  a  Ji-  , 

there  is  not  influence  or  oameatii.c.  ...  ..^h 

amongst  the  whole  corix»mtion,  to  en<l«iiivou^ 


f 


^ 
¥ 


CkaAtmWAfOLl 


THE  ]MODERN  SOLBtER^S  FilOGRESS. 


427 


a   bill 


re  to 
nee  in 


THE   TEUE    KEMEDT    FOR   COLLIERY 
EXPLOSIONS. 

SrR, — Witli  great  iuttjrest  aud  curiosity  I 
pcntaed  a  letter  wlkich  apneared  in  uumber 
forty  of  "  Houselioki  Woma,"  puiT^ortin^  to 
supply  a  remedy  for  tliOde  lanientiiltie  colliery 
eiLplocsioDs  tliat  arc  tiuhitppily  so  froquoat. 

Briefly,  I  beg  to  tuform  you  that  Artesian 
welifl  ore  only  a  partial  and  very  uuceriiuu 
mvtliod  for  oturyiDg  off  a  w  ft  ten  of  the  gas 
aeeumulated  in  the  "goe&    of  a  mine. 

In  h  properly  managed  oolUenr,  this  im- 
portant object  ifi  thna  flUBOted : — The  "goafe  *" 
ijurely  out  off  from  comniuuiciLtton  with 
part«  of  the  workings  bv  stoppin^t^  and 

e  gas  continually  aocumulatiug  in  these 
Bttuct^  b  carriiMl  away  to  the  "dumfcHdrift," 
which  ISA  an  air-piusBage  rising  gradually^  and 
forming  a  junction  with  the  upcast  abaft, 
about  five  yiu*dfi  above  the  fire  of  the  furnace. 
At  a  glance  it  will  be  iwrceivedthat  thia  la  far 
more  efficacious  tlian  any  nura]i>er  of  bore- 
holea — ^the  dw^ught  of  the  furnace  is  powerfnl 
imotiffh  to  draw  off  the  impui^er  air  in  the 
**  gofkL,**  while  the  greater  apaoe  aflTonied  by  a 
ilfiii,  instead  of  a  bore-hole,  ia  another  im- 
porUuit  adi'aiitage. 

But  it  \&  not  ttiat  we  are  without  the  meami 
of  ventilating  our  minea,  or  that  we  are  in 
want  of  clever  prOiCtical  men  ;  both  are  within 
our  rt^ach,  and  explosrionB  most  frequently 
ftrii»e  from  thoae  means  not  being  made  avail- 
able. YoUf  Sir,  have  told  us,  in  a  fewJudiuiouB 
remark*  at  the  close  of  a  "Coal  Mijier'a 
Evidence,"  in  No.  37  of  **  Houaehold  Words," 
th«  beat  and  most  cifS&ctual  remedy  for 
colliery  explosions, 

Oovi'mmeut  Inspection — not  tli.  •     . 

ment  of  four  gentlemen  for  the  Ut 
donj — but  u  searching  and  daily  »oj  ..n..  >  ..li  » 
the  svRtem  of  working  puraued  in  all  tierv 
collieries,  i*  the  only  remeiJy  within  our  reach. 
The  pi^eaent  arrangement  a[*lopt**<l  by  Govern- 
ment m  miserably  inefficient.  No'faur  men 
can  inspect  all  the  collierica  in  the  kingdouL 

Not  till  some  chemical  agent  is  discovered 


neutniliiiliig  cikrbu- 

he  flower  of  our 

impOKsible  ;  and  if  our  '  a 

can  eflect  it,  ihey  uill    !  „  .  dr 

fellow  creaturea,  by  auch  a  diacovery,  than  ajuy 
that  hatt  yet  been  made.  3.  B. 


after  immunity  from  Mcknefls  or  death  for  the  |  capable  of  absorbing'  oi 
redt  of  tlie  lieges  who  b.^v       '    ^     ''  '  '^   '     'r  "" 

meata.      If,    how  ever, 
AJmonda"  were  BtjM  "'  i....,,.  ...........  .m«......  ..  .,. 

and  a  scion  of  an 

be  taken  ill  in  con     ^ 

theae    poisonctl   aufiiar-pluma 

Bpeodily  be  carried  that  would  aJueld  both 

nch  and  poor. 

The  *iimculty,  if  any  ahould  anae,  of  passing 
au  act  to  prevent  the  diasemiuation  of  ])oi»on, 
either  neat  or  coufccted,  is  very  much  lessened 
by  t!i  "     no  of  such  law*  on  the  Continent. 

In  I  i'xani|>Ie,  no  one  con  sell  poison- 

'■""-  .^  ,.liuut  a  special  licence,  and  even 

under  strict  and  wise  regulationa. 
I  ',  where  confectionery  is  mudi  more 

ui4ed  than  on  this  side  of  the  Channel,  the 
medical  officiaU  exerdse  a  vigilant  inspection 
over  its  mannfacture. 


THE  MODERN  SOLDIEIl'S  PROGKESS. 
PART  iL — roaEinj*  servicjb. 

The  pleasures  of  a  Itarrack-yard,  wluch 
Maurice  be^an  now  to  enjoy,  were  not  destined 
to  be  of  long  continuance — at  least  without 
further  probation  j  for  one  fine  day  in  June, 
a  letter  arrived  from  the  Horse  Guards, 
ordering  the  commanding  officer  to  hohl  the 
i*e^iment  in  readLness  for  inunediate  embark- 
ation for  foreign  service.  The  news  soon 
spread,  and  a  Btir  was  visible  throughout  the 
barracks,  every  man  eagerly  asking  what  ^ 
**  The  Route  V  To  eidiauce  hia  mitioual 
portanee,  which  stood  little  in  need  of 
tiling  out  of  thecomm*"'  '^"*  -"rjeant-mi 
made  a  mystery  of  tli  ir,  until 

had    assembled    the  lamisslom 

(so  he  called  them)  to  whom  he   commi 
cated  the   fiwt — with  as  much   circnmst 
as  if  he  had  roceivctl  it  jicrROtially  umler 
Duke's  own  autogra]»h — that   tlie  rcgii 
waa  ordered  to  Halltiix  in  Novrv  Scotia. 

In  spite  of  the  i-egimcntal  scliool,  which 
did  not,  however,  at  th;tt  tlnic,  attnict  one- 
twentieth  |>art  of  i\w  voluntary  scliolui-)*  who 
now  flcick  to  it,  there  were  very  few  who 
knew  exactly  wheix?  Hrdifax,  or  indee«l,  where 
North  America  itself  was  situated.  The  pre- 
vailing idea  was  in  favour  of  **  Chiny,"  that 
being  the  i-egion  to  which  all  (errcs  incogwtfi^ 
are  generally  consigned  by  the  nninitiati  *  ~ 
but  some,  whose  geographical  notions  w« 
even  less  precise,  associating  Halifax  with  ft 
proverbial  expreasiou  cunent  in  the  army^ 
were  inoUned  to  tliiuk  that  it  chiimed  kindrej 
with  even  a  warmer  climate  than  that  of 
"the  flowery  laud."  They  found  out  th« 
mistake  before  they  had  Iteen  many  mont 
on  the  other  side  of  Uie  Atlautic, 

But  the  regiment  was  not  left  alt 
to  burst  in  iguorance,  or  discover,  by  dint 
experience   wliere  Nova  Scotia  really  wai 
for  it  happened  that  there  w>is  onet>M  f^oldier 
in  it — ana  he  richly  deeerved  tho  ti 

— who  had  formerly  been  quait  *■. 

Tliis  was  a  man  of  the  name  of  I'utruK  ->iac 
Manns,  who    had    commenced    his  military 
career  in  the  "  Music"  of  the  rociment,  when 
he  wa-s  Imrely  ten  years  old,  tma  just  able  U> 
..,,  L,   1^^   triangles,  whose   melwly  he  was 
on  to  elicit.     Fnjm  the  bund  he  was 
ned  to  the  drums  ^  and  after  two  or 
three  yeauis'  exiwrience  in   drubbing  alieep- 
*kin,  was  elev»t43ii   Uj  the   fifes.     TV>  what 
further  musical    eminence    he    might  have 
attained,  it  is  difficult   to  say  ;   perhaps  Ue 


42S 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


[Cmvdurtnd  ^ 


I 


might  have  expt'nded  htnii»elf  on  the  key- 
hiigle,  or  have  become  iibs«rbed  in  the  big 
tiruui  ;  but  nt  thti  proper  nj^^e  for  remlering 
HficiMiiit  Tiiilitaiy  service^  Ihc^  instniment  to 
which  he  took  a  faiicv,  w:ls  tlu*  musket — tmd 
lie  WHS  di-afled  into  the  balt;tli<m- 

There  might  have  b-eun  something  mors 
than  mere  fancy  in  his  last  f.'hince^  for  Patrick 
\v;is  lender-hcsni'ted  ;  and,  though  he  would 
liavo  fought  anv  lad  in  the  regiment  of  hia 
n\\'i\  weight  and  age^ — or  heavier  and  older, 
for  that  matter— aa  Boon  tis  ent  his  breakfast, 
he  never  could  bring  hinjHelf  to  handle  "  the 
cat ;"  on*!  when  MacManua  was  a  lx)y,  a  week 
seldom  passed  without  his  having  more  than 
one  **  five-and  twenty  "  to  admiumter  im  his 
fihare  of  punishment  inflieted  before  breakfast 
— ^wheu  the  meal  that  followed  the  puniah- 
ment  |>aracle  wait  rarely  swallowed*  On 
these  occasions  the  dnnn-mujor's  cane  left 
tokens  on  Patrick *s  ahouldera  of  the  unwilling- 
ness with  which  he  ptnfunned  this  description 
of  **  duty  ; "  and  that  funetiouaiy,  who  was  a 
Khmrp,  red-faced  little  man,  with  a  bimdy 
elbow,  gladly  reeigueil  hi»  "  chicken-hearteir' 
jrmpil — ii*  he  called  hlm^  by  a  mianomer  which 
Patrick  very  Boon  rectified.  Mac  Monus 
xjniukly  K^came  a  Hmart  Koldier,  and,  being 
generally  liked  in  the  regiment,  had  as  rea- 
Bonable  a  pro?jH*ct  of  promotion  as  could  be 
desired  ;  V>nt,  whether  lie  were  boni^aa  some 
Are — without  ambition,  or  whether  ill-luck, 
AM  frequently  happenn,  predominated  over 
hia  destiny,  is  a  matter  of  doubt.  Perhaps 
the  real  cause  of  his  ct»nt inning  in  the  ranta 
arotie  from  the  good-uuture  and  *'  devil-may- 
c/ire-iara  "  that  got  him  info  so  many  ficra[iea  ; 
which,  though  they  did  not  atTect  his  moral 
chanuiter,  V»y  no  means  elevated  hiru  in  the 
ev'.'s  of  the  authorities  aa  a  model  of  military 
discipline. 

But  if  he  did  not  actpdre  distinction  hy 
rank,  Ma^  Mamis  spet^lily  gained  that  sound 
diHtinclion  which  renden*  u  man  invaluable 
on  a  march  or  bivouack,  round  a  cnuiri-fire  or 
on  a  recruiting  party  ;  he  could  tell  a  good 
jjtoiT,  aing  a  good  aoug,  had  an  inexhanstible 
fund  of  good  spirits,  and  made  the  Ijest  of 
everything  that  was  Iwul,  "  IV»  the  rough 
coat  that  tnnis  the  wet,'*  he  usetl  to  say,  **so 
never  take  sorrow  (o  heart,  >>oyH."  But  if 
^hic  Maiius  kejjt  s<:»rrow  aloof  he  did  not  ex- 
clude ajTTipathy,  and  it  is  diUieult  in  the  long 
run  to  prevent  the  two  from  iimting,  only  he 

•  A  iTMt  0-1-  •'  -"       vrnh  respo'ct  toconx»rnl  punish- 

nu»nt  hk*  u  iililn  til*  IhbI  Urimly-tivt'   yt-am. 

At  Uirtt  Jim.  !   wnr  jiflnnittcd,  nml  lh«  inclitia^ 

tiun  f>r    iIm-  ufflwr   vprjr    uftt-n    imfbroed    « 

|rniiliihm<^itt  irtnl  IjiKhcn,  w]wn  aurh  vu  Ibe 

»fi)tonc<^  ivi  IX  r  CUrrijtcm  Court  Martial;  more- 

ovi.f,  tr  riie  t ,  '••  -!  fir  n  ni.)r«  llian  onllniirilr 

flHK'fHiit  lirvacli  ot  line,  Knd  a  llini-ral  Court 

MitrlUl  ruit  on  tJn  !e  Jtmount  of  pm»hhincnt 

nilL'l.f  niiur.v   rr...i:i  ■•'"'•'  liiiiiilmi  Wt»he*(nir 

iH  the  mi.fst  »*  rvi't 

'  'loii  <jf,  iin  «iui>  liidi- 

i,i-,!,ii,.  1,,?  ,u,  nfViM- 

'  '        '■'■-.  :,      ,-J--       --i'i,^.     -.-,- ,   ^hUlUDt 

uuij  be  &&i4  to  tw  iiUui>»l  ftlxtlbUttd. 


took  the  disease  in  a  mild  form,  his  wai'mth 
of  heart  preventing  him  from  catching  ctdd 
upon    it.      The    be*5t    elements    of  '      'y 

were  thus  in  Iris  natural  dis|K>ailii  n 

the  length  of  his  service  gave  hii  ', 

so  that  if  any  <(uestiiiu  weiv  oti  h* 

regiment  affecting   the  rights  or  nf 

the  w>ldier,  or  if  any  doubtful  jx>i«t  were  to 
be  decided,  an  appeal  waa  alwavti  mai,l«i  to 
Mac  M&uuB,  arid  whatever  he  sftid  wiia  sure 
to  give  fULtisfai^tion. 

JVccordingly,  when  the  route,  of  which  we 
have  spoken,  wiifl  madeknown,:il»n7offellow«i,, 
foremost  amongst  whom  wa«  JSlauricc  Sava^*^, 
hurried  off  to  the  Canteen  where  Mac  MAniia 
wa^  tuking  a  (]uiet  ]npe  and  pot  with  kiii 
friend  Corpnal  J  vat  tier,  and  "  dijscoowin' "  on 
the  now  univei^al  tfipie. 

"  It 's  about  Halifax,  then,  that  you  want 
to  know,  l>oyB  !  '*  said  tlie  vetemn.  "  Make  n 
circle  and  keep  silence,  and  I  '11  tell  you  as 
much  US  will  serve  you  all  round  for  night- 
cjijw.  I  was  but  tt,  goHRoon  when  first  I  |*ot 
my  foot  upon  the  iron-bound  shores  of  Novy 
Slcoehy,  but  I  saw  enough  w  f  '    '  there, 

and  staid  long  enough  to  rci  .i\**mt 

the  place.  It  was  in  the  Duk»  -.i  u^  i.;.  a  time, 
— her  Maji^styV  royal  father — ^lie  wa»  c«J)e<i 
Prince  Edward  then,  rmd  a  ni'etty  time  wo 
had  of  it.  Och,  boys,  the  anil  wihh  nvur- 
thering  entirely  !  llie  oflficera  cfdle*J  it  'din- 
cipline,' — it's  harra#«in'  the  men  in  mnuiurw, 
not  discipline  in  the  licld  that  /  maiiet 
for  ye  cAii't  have  t*HO  much  dinciphne  in 
front  of  the  enemy — that  i«,  in  rayson.  Yon 
think  it  hanl,  ll»oy3,  t^»  Vw  handed  over  to 
the  care  of  Cor]iornl  Hattler  (here's  your 
health  Coifwral),  when  you  hear  the  *  nanso 
and  turn  out,'  ataix  o'rlock  on  a  fine  H«uimer*i* 
morning;  but  I  should  like  t^  know  what 
you'd  have  waid,  when  the  bugle  Wew  in  tho 
middle  of  the  night,  and  it  was  who  should  lje 
iirst  up  to  ]ila8ter  his  head  with  powder  .\int 
pomatum,  Hhave  off  his  whiskers  clone  under 
the  eheek-lifjno,  leaving  just  enough  to  swear 
by,  tie  his  eomrtule's  jngtail  at  a  nmihenutlicnl 
angle,  pipe-clay  hia  belts,  heel-lwdl  his  |>ouch, 
and  iio  fifty  otlier  things  that  he  oujjht  to  have 
got  ready  the  evening  before,  b>  Iw  m  time  for 
the  daylight  jwimde  in  the  climate  of  Novy 
Skoshy,  with  the  glass  down  at  zero.^that  *» 
'  nothing,'  boy»— or  may  be,  five  or  six  degr«et 
below  it." 

"  Iveas  than  nothing  1 "  int*^n-uj»ted  th* 
schoolmaster  sergeant,  who  was  tx-oJUio  th« 
regimental  Boniiycastle,  and  hail  a  vile  habit 
of  taking  nothing  for  granted  till  it  waa 
proved  ;  "  lesa  than  nothing  !  How  do  you 
make  that  out,  Pat  ? " 

•*  As  pat  as  you  plase.  Sergeant,  for  a  learned 
ignoramus  a.H  yon  are  1  A  {^laaa  tliat  held 
lesa  than  notldng  would  be  a  bad  one  to  drink 
out  of  J  woiddii't  it,  Corporal  Rjittler  ? — (the 
gallant  niilita.ri8t  noildeti^  ajid  fl rained  hia 
owTi,  by  way  of  trying  the  experiment ) — but 
I'm  fepaklng  of  a  wealher-gla^a,  an  insthm- 
ment  like  my  pipe  tilled  with   quickailver. 


\ 


I 


^ 


^ 


i 


ouly  it  *«  gtraight  up  and  down,  like  your  cane, 
with  *nothini^'  acorwi  across  the  b*^Uy  of  it, 
and  plenty  o(  IJtdl  to  bring  up  the  rear.  But 
Wit  uaateil  no  thenuometer  to  tell  i)8  it  was 
could  iu  Novy  Skoshy,  where  the  water  froze 
over  the  fire  ;  luid  if  a  man  handled  hL*  piece 
awkwardly,  he  maybe  left  the  skill  ot  hia 
fiiiprers  sticking  to  the  ImrreL"" 

The  majority  of  Mac  Marma's  auditors  gave 
a  furtive  glance  ot  their  homy  handa  aa  he 
niode'thiij  unuouncemeut. 

"  It  *B  clumsy  work  tossing  Bi*owti  Bess 
nhoui  in  gloves,"  continued  Mac  Maima ; 
•*  but  you  must  do  it  there  if  you  want  to  keep 
out  of  hospital — ay,  and  wtuih  your  face  iu 
8QOW  if  you  Ve  fiostbitteu  ;  or,  pcrhaos,  you 
may  Uve  your  eans  behiuil  you,  ana  wake 
with  a  blue  nose  like  the  native  HaUgoniana  ! 
How  any  of  us  preaarvetl  a  feature  of  our 
facea  i&  more  than  I  can  tell  you ;  for  wheu 
we  got  outside  the  barrack-yard,  and  were 
marched  off  iu  the  daik  to  Eockiughiim^ 
where  hia  Koyal  Highness  lived,  a  phice 
between  five  and  six  miles  off,  the  Barber  got 

a-hoiild  of  u.%  and '* 

**  Was  it  the  barber  of  the  ridgement  ? " 
inteiTiipted  Maurice,  whose  beard  had  not 
yet  begun  to  sprout. 

'*Ay,  and  giirrison  too,  my  lad — the  uni- 
verwU  barber— he  had  a  rovinc  commisaion, 
aa  the  Bailors  say  ;  but  1  Ul  tell  you,  boys — 
*The  Barber*  ia  the  name  the  Haligoniana 
give  to  the  north-wester,  that  eut^  in  them 
parts  sharper  than  any  razor.  You've  about 
six  month«*  winter,  de»«l'0n-en<l,  in  that 
clijuate,  imkI  he  blows  pretty  uigh  all  the 
time.  Well,  we  had  this  to  fac**  on  our  march, 
two  hours  of  it,  pitch  dark,  with  creepers  on 
our  feet  and  heavy  packa  ou  our  backs,  and 
what  f<ir !  To  be  overliauled  by  his  Royal 
Highness  and  staff,  almost  afore  they  could 
see  whether  we  waa  the  soldiers  they  came 
out  to  inspect,  or  so  many  ridgments  of  haJf- 
firiz  Novy  Skosliian  bears  !  I^uth^  the  V>ears 
Lad  the  beat  of  it,  for  they  luu.!  no  tails  to  tie 
or  pomatum  to  use — thoujjh  they  *re  said  to 
foruitdi  it  iu  plenty — and  only  comes  out 
when  they're  hunger-<lriveu,  but  stays  at 
home,  for  the  most  paii,,  sleepin'  and  suekln' 
their  paws.  The  devil  a  much  sleep  did  we 
get,  with  three  nights  in  betl  for  gairisou 
duty,  and  two  out  of  it  every  week  for  paratle 
at  llockingham,  at  half-past  six  on  a  winter's 
raomiu'  in  heavy  marching  order  !  And  then 
the  sentriea,  whether  it  war  ou  the  dockyard 
wliart;  or  in  the  fort,  high  or  low,  the  could 
got  at  you  and  nip|»ed  you  like  a  vice.  Ub, 
there  was  one  post  uu  the  brow  <»f  the  hill, — 
many  *8  the  time  1  never  expected  to  be  alive 
when  the  relief  came  round,  and  more  tliaa 
one  fioor  fellow  took  his  last  sleep  in  that 
aeutry  box,  not  frum  neglect  of  duty,  but  iu 
i^k'ct  of  the  diowsiueea  which  t»ttte  'em 
entirely.  Once  give  way  to  it,  boyi^  and  it 's 
all  up  with  you  !  ' 

''And  13  it  so  cold  as  this  al  the  year 
round  ]  *'  aaked  one  of  his  hearers. 


" It  is  fu>ty'  replied  Mac  Manua  witli  em- 
pluisis.  "  Tliry  a  tliree  hours  drill  on  the 
common  in  summer,  and  see  what  you 'U 
make  of  it.  Talk  of  the  ^las*  then  ;  it '«  at 
boiling  hate,  and  thebinU  m  the  air  fall  down 
ready  roasted.  Or  go  into  the  w^oodu,  and  a 
pumpkin's  a  fool  to  the  size  of  your  head, 
after  being  stung  to  death  with  the  black  flies 
sind  muskeeties,  wheu  you  come  out  again. 
But  these  is  all  the  accidents  of  cUmate,  boys. 
Tliere  *8  plenty  to  make  up  for  them  incon- 
veniences. Speruts  ia  dirt  chape  (hwir.  heai% 
from  Cort>ond  Rattler),  'specially  Prince 
E*l ward's  Ishmd  Whiskey  ;  mate  of  all  kinds 
is  raysoiuible,  and  so  ia  greens,  and  the  like, 
and  'tiitie^  ;  fish  ta  to  b«  had  for  a  song,  and 
they  throw  the  lobsters  siX  yon,  if  you  just 
looked  at  em.  A  Itwl,  when  he  's  off  duty, 
may  go  out  of  an  aithenioon  and  ate  as  many 
ras'b'ries  off  the  injcks  as  would  keep  a  pastry- 
cook in  jam  for  a  twelvemonth.  Then  there  'a 
the  fogs  and  the  snow  wheu  you  can't  go  out 
to  drill  {&irrack  room  drill  can  always  be 
had,  suggested  Corporal  Rattler),  and  the 
aleifl:hHlriviug,  and  the  snow-balling,  and  the 
sliding  down  hill — for  it's  all  down  hill  at 
Halifax — and  the  officers'  f»layB,  and  all  kinds 
of  divjuTiions  of  which  you  partake,  more  or 
less.  Oh,  take  my  word  for  it,  there  's  worse 
places  in  the  world  than  Novy  Skoshy,  and 
some  of  us  '11  live  to  find  that  out," 

In  this  ejrpogi  of  Mac  Manus  there  wa^* 
enough,  and  more  than  enough,  to  set  hia 
audience  thinking,  and  many  were  the 
speculations  to  which  it  gave  birth  ;  but,  on 
the  whole,  the  men  were  well  enough  pleased 
with  their  destination.  It  seldom  mwpens 
otherwbe,  for  no  class  ia  so  fond  of  cnougo 
and  movement  as  the  soldier,  and  that,  at 
leasty  was  aecnred  by  the  order  to  march. 
How  the  march  or  transit  was  to  be  con- 
ducted, was  another  affair,  and  that  it  is  our 
business  now  to  describe. 

Four  transports  were  immediately  taken  up 
by  government,  and,  as  Caat  as  they  were  got 
ready,  were  sent  round  to  Liverpool,  to  re- 
ceive the  number  of  troops  allotted  to  each. 
It  wdl  be  enough  for  our  purpose  to 
select  that  which  bore  Maurice  and  Ida 
fortunes. 

An  embarkation,  however,  b  never  a  verj. 
satisfiictory  performance,  even  in  private  life  > 
but  when  the  "  small  family  party  *'  con«st« 
of  a  couple  of  hundred  soldiers,  a  good  many 
of  them  not  very  sober,  with  their  wives,  their 
cluldren,  their'  pet  dogs,  their  biixi-cagea, 
their  arm-chests,  their  bandboxes^  bundles, 
and  other  impedimeida^  the  pleasures  of  travel 
are  not  very  greatly  enhimced.  It  is  pleasant 
enough,  marching  out  of  baiTacks  to  the  time 
of  *'The  Girl  I  left  behind  me,"  but  Wlore 
your  troops  are  fairly  settletl  down  in  yuur 
ti'anspoi'tj  a  variety  of  "  disagreeables ''  have 
to  be  eucountereiL 

The  woret  of  these  occur  on  l)oard  the 
transport ;  but  it  is  no  trifling  task  to  get 
every liofiy  fairly  into  the  boats  ;  xmd  a  drover's 


il 


nOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


lGoBdnc(«4  hf 


f  a  alight  duty  to 
k   into  their  pen, 


aog  at  Sniitl  '   ' '   * 
perfono  in 

COluimred  V.IH.  v .,  '^3  aiirl  i 

fDiaaioneKl  oflicen*  iu    routing    ih*^    ki 
ont  of  the  puhiio-honsi     iti(.>  which  M 
drop  to  Like  "the  p  s  "  with  each 

other,  thoiJ».'h  tlieir  ii  he  id^Mitiwil, 

and  the  drrjicic'd  Bofnitalitui  no  givater  thftii 
tho  tiistarice  between  thvir  respective  litun- 
lutKjkR-  The  laxViQS  too—pxty  tlmt  wo  nhouJij 
aiv  »o — g;ive  no  little  trouble.  The  stem 
rules  of  tho  'tuit  of  oidy  six  married 

women  per  and  the  seleotlou,  in 

this  «mae,   is  ^    ^' ■  "'    '^^nduot  of 

t!ie  Haliirjiii t <  ■  ■'  V5  uior© 

than  the  niiij  u^'.     Add 

lo  tJdft,  tht*  fiu't,  ihoT  ii  ;^'i'iienvlly  happens  that 
Tjrondsea  whioh,  no  dmiht,  wouhi  gladly  be 
forgotten — not  to  ^\y  broken — are  rigidly 
«nTOrce*l  during  th*^  'hf«t  week  Kfore  tli'e 
iwgimeni  embark^  «ls  who  will  not  be 

included  in    tlir  alluded  to   iu   the 

pleAiuuit  tune  witn  wim  u  the  luen  inriwrh  out 
of  rjuart^rs.  Tlie  eons«spien(?e  of  this  ia,  that 
ihreo  or  four  women,  p«*r  compAny,  are  often 
added  to  its  Hti'(<njjrth^we  iniitit  not  sav  it« 
weakneKJiH— at.  the  very  hnt  moment,  for  wliom 
there  ia  not  the  aha^iow  of  a  cliance  that  they 
mil  be  ocnnittcd  to  go  out  with  their  hns- 
Imnds.  Nijvtfrthel«?sa,  they  nmri^;  they  climb 
into  the  bnggjvgie-wngon,  "  juat  to  eav  gootl- 
bye,"- — they  weep  and  enibr4'ice,  and  wave 
their  handkerchiefs  at  the  wvter-sido  ;  they 
acream  "  farewell,"  in  accents  of  the  wildest 
desmir ;  they  swoon  on  the  boaeh,  aru  carried 
off  03'  compassionate  individuals^  ami  are  seen 
no  more,  till  -Mfme  four  or  five  da^^  ailLer- 
wardii,  vvheu  tlie  t  r  .i.u...,i-t  w.  r.,;,-K  « jj^  ^,inp 
water/*  when  fhr  hiding- 

plttoeR,  betvveen  .1  ugh  they 

are  not  to  Ih^  pr<ivisifiiied,  and  are  threatened 
with  all  sorts  of  pains  and  ])enaltie8 — that  it 
13  impiiftsible  now  to  send  them  book ;  in  »r»*te 
of  the  <1ecIaration  of  the  (commanding  omoer 
on  lKmrd»  that  he  will  liail  the  first  vessel  he 
nieets  rehirninif  to  En^jland,  and  tmna-ehip 
them  III  "  !  lie  of  the  Atlantic  ! 

Hnw  '  m  women  manage  to  effect 

their  eu:...L,v.  ..iiu  the  transport^  ia  a  mystery 
aa  great  ay  that  which  puzzled  George  the 
Tlurd  in  the  celebratett  cilhc  of  the  apple- 
diimpUnga  ;  but  ban  and  bar  them  as  you 
will,  seize  on  them  when  they  are  halfway 
up  the  side,  put  double  wentrie^  at  each  gang- 
way, resort  to  everv  ingenious  expedient  that 
can  be  thought  of,  and,  malffri  itms^  not  a 
"  mandack  "  of  these  Ariaduea  will  be  left 
beliind.  Perhaps  the  uia]ipropriate  word  we 
have  just  used  may  fiiniish  some  ohie  to  the 
enigma  in  the  alteration  of  costume  ;  but  this 
is  a  mere  conjecture  on  our  part,  havinc'  no 
experience  to  recount  of  havmg  detected  the 
Bill?  Tavior  transmigration. 
Tlie  ilistributinn  uf  the  ti*oop8  into  their 
srul  berths ;  the  stowing  of  the  bagpt^^e 
impossible  comei*s— perliaps  alreatly  tilled 
some  of  the  probibited  women ;  the  a&fe 


liestowal  of  **  th 
mustcrinc  of  '*  t 


*i»d ;"  the  ancoeasfu] 
I  lie,  and  lazy  ;  "*  are 

lion.'    (<t   «-usiJ)-<<  tlw> 


UIW- 

th6 


lent  any  kind  "i 

tiling ;  but  fi-cjiti 

loblolly  boy  m    tiie  uibcK/iw.-,   tin    tujlii  occu- 

[>ation   of   each   coDsista    in    damning:    "  the 

sogei-s,"  and  sulkily  refit  " 

simplest  questions;  ho  tli 

the  matter,  and  tlie  >  i^  -  to  wmuu 

to  time  and   that   ]■  "rforcnoei 

which  is  jUways  w^nkn.., ..    <d,iiiiMeiiy 

thouj^di  we  by  no  means  reoomjntfud  thoaa  in 
diUieultiefl  lo  tinist  to  it  alone. 

Am  king  aa  the  tranaport  w  in 
difl1ciiltie«  abound  j  boats  are  alwa 
tJonfrside  with  hec^atombu  of  fresh  uitiU  mA 
piles  of  vegetaldcs,  for  tho  ollioei-s  and  w*r- 
geants*  messes  :    smugglers   ineiiiuit  1  1 

bladders  •  au  unlucky  woman  is  li 
and  sent  aahore,  who  comes  back  aczun  soim*- 
how,  like  a  ba<l  penny — ^prohiJ>iy  in  the 
return  boat ;  in  short,  until  the  Blue  Potcr  is 
hoisted,  the  ve^et  is  one  scene  of  cinutttmbl« 
confusion.  In  the  early  day*  of  Fiirick 
Mac  Mauus,  this  scene  was  prolongt^l  till  tho 
wind  blew  f;ur,  but  the  st«am-tiitf»  nuw  ari» 
the  "  tricksy  spirits"  that  sujMjnsode  the  wind 
till  the  transports  are  outaide. 

It  wiu»  by  the  aid  of  two  of  thaie  nau- 
tical Elfi^eets  that  ih^  '' Eliza  Bi^Uswade '" 
tranBjwrt,  with  ♦*  No.  27  "  paintwl  on  each 
side  of  her  bows,  which  conveyed  the  last 
division  of  the  •^—  liei^ment,  iraa  tnggwl 
into  the  Channel,  wbero  Maurice  Sav«gCL  aad 
about  a  hundred  and  fifty  of  h'"  .•'»tMt.M,l.«* — 
to  »f»y  nothing  of  women  and 
mence«i  that  aeries  of  involuii 
wliich  are  almost  inv:iriably 
those  who  have  never  been  at  ^« 

In  the  course  of  a  few  davH^ 
matters  righted  themselves  a  little, 
are  not  allowed  to  be  sick  any  lang« 
absolutely  neoomaiy ;  and  it  is  Aurfn 
effective  the  word  of  command  is  wl 
a  fellow  on  deck  to  look  out  for  Ih 
the  tub,  or  his  ration  at  tho  caljOOM,  ^ .. 
knows  that  if  he  remains  below  he 
receive  neither,  "  Sea  legs  **  ar»  tiut  vwy 
readily  fotind  in  ordinary  eaaes ;  but  a  sohHer 
discovers  hia  na  soon  aa  mo«t  jwiople,  haYinip 
his  ranks  to  keep,  and  certain  nuuufiavrs  to 
go  through  on  a  limited  scale,  in  ejute  of  the 
rolling  or  pitching  of  the  veaeel,  and  at  the 
expiration  of  a  week  or  ao,  thera  reuwiined 
scarcely  half-aHioxen  <m  boni^  the  "^  Eliza 
BigKleswade "  wlio  liad  not  been  langhed 
or  drilled  out  of  their  "  sca-aorrowa."  The 
voyik^e  wa.s  accomplished  without  an^  f*^ 
markable  casualties;  there  wii«  crid-fiHihinir 
by  day,  on  the  Banks  *.<f  Newfoui 
funusQ  the  men  and  give  them  n 
*i>pplyf  ^^^  *  <»i«ful  watch  and  ward  t»y 
uight  on  the  same  banks  tu  escaoe  belnj^  ruu 
dowD  in  the  heavy  NewfboBdk&a  fogs. 


i>y 


CbArUa  lliak«ii>.J 


**JUI>GE  NOT! 


431 


QUI  T1  1  I  --  I-1._*>-11  J.1  .1 

it 

who  call! 

Wft8  a  ji. 

iK'autiiiil  hturboui*  ol    i  i    slight 

jul^r  aereii  weeks^  coum  *  Eliza 

Bij^g  I  OS  wade ." 

To  Luid  with  CskT  more  r«>G;ularity  than  the)- 
httd  emhiirktHl — aiiAko  bauas  with  lUeir  coni- 
Mtlea,  who  liud  pnxHMled  theui — to  march  up 
the  hill  to  barracks,  with  the  air  of  men  vrho 
had  already  socu  some  service,  tiTt*i  w«*r**  ]>re- 

i-ed  to  wtre  more — and  to  know  that  they 
in  a  new  henusj»h^re,  with  no  Aspect 
materially  altered  of  thin  s    tiir-y  luwl  been 
:u>cuBlomcd  to  behold—  v  i^  on  whicli 

th«  ynnnu  soldiers  con  4  theraselvefi 

witli  no  snmll  degree  of  iut^rfiud  satitdhction  ; 
and  no  od^  oiuongst  them  more  rtfiiulily  tbau 
Maurice  Saviig^,  heretofore  the  uuwdliijg 
pupil  of  Corporad  Itattler,  b\it  now  by  no 
uieai>»  the  leaat  .•w.-tivv  vr  tsfticient  of  the  light 
company  iu  th«  Regiment, 

His  t'ui  ther  and  final  progi'e^  will  ho  tuld 
next  week. 


"JUDGE  NOT!" 

JkLiSTT  years  since,  two  pupila  of  the  TTni- 
versity  at  Warsaw  were  panBiB;:;  through  the 
street  iu  which  etands  the  column  of  King 
Si^isniiind,  rouml  whose  petlejstal  may  g<ine- 
ruTlv  \m*  aeen  abated  a  nuniK^r  of  womfin 
81*11  ing  fiuit,  cakei^f  and  jt  varit^ty  of  eatables, 
to  the  paB»er«-hy.  The  young  men  paua«d  to 
look  at  a  tig^re  whosb  oddity  attracted  their 
attcfotion.  Tlila  was  a  man  apparently  be> 
tween  tifty  aail  aixty  yejiirs  of  age  :  hia  coot, 
once  bhick,  vras  worn  thread! ^are  ;  hia  broad 
hat  ow\  !  a  thin  wrinkled  face  ;  hia 

form  u  -  emaciatei],  yet  he  walked 

witli  a  tirm  and  nipiil  step.  He  stopped  at 
one  of  the  stAlLi  }>eneath  the  column,  pui*- 
chobixl  a  balfpemiy  worth  oi  brejul,  ate  part 
of  it,  put  Lhu  rcm;iinder  into  hiiS  pocket,  and 
pui'ssUed  bin  way  towards  the  {xdaoe  of  General 
Zuiouczek,  lieiitenwit  of  the  kingdom,  who, 
in  the  aljaence  of  the  Cxar,  Alexander,  exer* 
ciaod  royal  autliiorily  in  Poland. 

"ik»  you  know  tlmt  laim  / '*  aaked  one 
«tndent  of  the  otlier» 

"  I  do  not ;  hut,  judging  by  his  lugubrious 
costume^  and  no  lem  mouinfui  countenance,  I 
should  guess  liini  to  lie  an  un'lertaker." 

"^  Wrong,  my  friend ;  he  is  StanifJaa 
Staasic/* 

*^  StaK&ic  !  '^  exclaimeil  the  student,  looking 
after  the  man,  who  was  then  entering  the 
paJaoe.  "  How  can  a  mean,  wi-etched-looking 
man,  who  stops  iii  the  middle  of  the  street  to 
buy  a  morsel  of  bread,  be  rich  and  jwwerful  1 " 

"  Yet,  so  it  ia,'*  replied  his  compiTjiMn. 
"Undt.r  thia  unpromiamg  exterior  is  hidden 
one  of  our  most  tiiniieniiaJI  ministers,  and  one 
of  the  moat  illtiiitriuud  tai^tna  of  Eui'ope." 

The  miin  who&i.*  appennuice  contmitcd  bo 


^rongly  with  bis  soc::  ' 
werfiil   a^   lie   sr-r^nt 


' '  IV,  who  waa  aa 
icant,  aa  rich 
bti  appeared  puor.  i.. . ,.  ....  hia  fortune  to 
iinself^to  liii*  tnbours^  and  to  his  genius. 

Of  low  oxtitMliuh — hf  left  Poland,  whil<* 
young,  in  orilcr  to  acquii'e  learning.  H« 
pas&i.^  fk>me  yeara  in  tlie  Universttiett  of 
Lei|)eic  ami  Gottinguu,  continuerl  hia  Btudiea 
in  t)ic  College  of  Fi'anee,  uth]*^  Britwou  and 
D'Aubanton  ;  gained  the  fi  i  .  Ruffon  ; 

visited  the  Alps  and   tht'  ^ ;    and. 

finally,  returned  to  hia  mtuMi  ifimi,  etored 
with  rich  and  varied  laarnlng. 

He  waa  speedily  inv'^'"i  ^■^-  "  t^m.i  u,,.^^^  i^ 
take    charge  of   the  on* 

Afterwards,  the  Gove:  ^lolit 

by  hia  talents  ;  an<l  BtiiAzic,  frc>m  grade  to 
gnulo,  was  raiaed  to  tlie  highest  iwsta  and  the 
<^reatest  dignitiea.  Hia  eeouomicai  habits  nuule 
him  rich.  Five  hundretl  serfa  cultivated  hia 
lauda,  and  he  poeaeBaeil  large  sums  of  money 
places]  at  iatareat.  Wlieu  did  any  man  ever 
rise  very*  far  above  the  rank  in  which  he  waa 
bora,  without  presenting  a  mark  for  euv)'  and 
detraction  to  aim  tlieir  arrows  a£:ainfit  ? 
Mediocrity  always  avenges  itaell'  by  (^umny  ; 
and  ao  Staazdc  found  it,  for  the  gootl  folka  of 
Wargaw^  were  quite  remly  to  attribute  yill  hia 
actions  to  ainiater  miktives. 

A  group  of  idlei-a  hail  iwuwjcd  clckae  to  where 
the  8tudc>uta  were  j^anaiug.  All  Imtked  at 
the  minister,  and  eveiy  one  had  ciomething  to 
say  against  him. 

"Who  would  av«p  think,*'  cr'  '  ble, 
whose  grey  mouBtachea  and  ned 
costume  recalled  the  »•-  *'  '-  Mi.md, 
"  that  hi  couhl  be  a  lu  i  For- 
merly, when  a  Palatiii  Capital, 

a  troop  of  horsemen  both  prece«led  ami 
followe<l  him.  Soldiera  di»pergC4l  the  eiowila 
that  pleased  to  look  at  him.  But  what  resjiect 
can  l>e  ft  It  for  an  old  miatr^  who  \it\s  not  the 
luiart  to  afford  himaelf  a  Ciiach,  ami  who  eata 
a  piece  of  brea<l  in  the  streets,  just  aa  a 
beggar  would  do  ? " 

**  His  heartj"  said  a  priest,  "is  as  hard  aa 
the  iron  chest  in  which  he  keeps  liis  |fold  ;  ft 
poor  nijui  miji^ht  die  of  hunger  at  his  door, 
t>efore  he  would  give  him  tdma," 

''He  has  w^om  the  aame  coat  ibr  the  last 
ten  yeara,"  remarked  another. 

"  He  sits  on  the  ground  for  fear  of  w^earing 
out  Ids  chairs,"  cliimtid  iu  a  saucy-looking 
lad,  and  «very  one  joineil  in.  a  ni'  >  > 

A  young  DUpil  of  one  of  the  [ 
had   listeneil   in    indignant  alien  ;•'    u>   nioBe 
speeches,  which  cut  lum  tu  Lli«  hoait ;    and 
at    length,   unable    to    rebtrain    himself,  he 
turned  lownnU  the  priest,  and  wud  : — 

*'  A  man  distinguished  for  his  generosity 
oughl  to  be  spoken  of  with  more  respeet. 
Wnat  doea  it  signify  to  us  how  he  dreases,  or 
what  he  sate,  if  he  makes  a  noble  use  of  hia 
fortune  V 

"  And  pray  what  use  does  he  niidce  of  it  ? " 

"  The  Acadamy  of  Sciences  wjiutcd  a  plaoe 
for  a  Libmry,  and  had  not  funds  to  hiie  one. 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


Wiio  bestowed  oil  them  %  magnificent  palace  7 
Waft  it  not  Hinexic !  " 

"  Oil !  vc'^»  Viecause  he  is  ab  grcetly  of  praise 
Ha  of  golcL" 

**l*<iland  esteems,  us  her  chief  glory,  the 
man  who  discovered  tbi^  laws  of  the  siderenl 
mov«jfin;nt.  Who  wjva  it  that  raided  to  him  a 
mrmfiment  worthy  of  his  renown — calling  the 
chidel  of  Canova  to  honuiir  th<*  inenioi'y  of 
Copeniieus  ?" 

"It  wns  Staszic,"  replied  the  priest,  "and 
BO  all  Enro])€  honours  for  it  the  generous 
Henntor.  But,  my  yoiin^  friend,  it  jh  ncit  the 
lii*ht  of  the  not>n-day  sun  that  ought  to 
iUiimine  Christian  charity.  If  you  want 
r«*aJly  in  know  a  man,  watch  the  daily  course 
of  hia  private  life.  This  ostentatioua  iniaer, 
in  the  books  which  he  puhliMheii,  groans  over 
the  lot  of  the  pcaaantrj',  and  in  liia  vast 
iiomaiuji  he  employs  five  hundred  nuaerable 
HerfM,  <  io  gome  morning  t<:>  his  house — there 
you  will  find  a  poor  woman  beaeeching  with 
tejirs  11  cold  proud  man  who  repubtes  her. 
That  m.'ui  is  Staazic — that  woman  his  sister. 
Ought  not  the  haughty  giver  of  palaces,  the 
huilder  of  pompous  statuei*,  rather  to  employ 
hinisolf  in  p>roteoting  It  is  oppressed  aerfii,  and 
relieving  his  destitute  relative  ?" 

The  young  man  hcgnn  to  reply,  but  no  one 
would  hstcu  to  him.  8iid  and  dejected  at 
hearing  one  who  had  been  to  him  a  true  and 
generous  friend,  so  apoken  o^  he  went  to  hia 
htmil>le  lodging. 

Next  moraing  he  repaired  at  an  early  hour 
t<»  the  dwelling  of  his  benefactor.  Thei-c  he 
met  i\  woman  weeping,  and  lamenting  the  in- 
humanity of  her  brother. 

This  confimtation  of  what  the  priest  had 
said,  iuApire^l  the  young  man  with  a  fixetl 
determination.  It  was  StA»zic  who  bfuJ  placed 
him  at  college,  and  supphcd  him  with  the 
menna  of  continuing  there.  Now,  he  would 
rf*j.»ct  hia  gifts — he  would  not  accept  U-iietitw 
from  ;i  man  who  could  look  unmovetl  at  his 
own  8istcr*a  teara. 

The  learned  minifiter,  seeing  his  favourite 
pupU  cuter,  did  not  dopist  from  hia  occupation, 
out,  c^iutinuing  to  write,  wiid  to  him : 

"  Well,  Adolphe,  what  can  I  do  for  you  to- 
day ?  If  you  want  books,  take  them*  out  of 
my  libi*ary  ;  or  instrument*}— order  them,  and 
Bend  me  the  biU.  Speak  to  me  freeiy,  and  tell 
me  if  you  want  anything." 

"  On  the  contrary.  Sir,  I  come  to  thank  you 
for  your  past  kindne.<w,  and  to  say  that  I  must 
in  future  decline  receiving  your  gifta." 

"  You  an\  then,  become  rich  ? 

*'  I  am  tm  fKX)r  us  ever." 

*'  And  your  college  f '' 

"  I  mu«t  leave  it." 

"  Impossible  !  "  cried  St^zic,  standing  up, 
and  fixing  his  pcnetratinir  eyes  on  hia  viaitor. 
**  You  are  the  moat  pronniiing  of  all  our  pupils 
— it  must  not  l>e  I  *' 

In  vain  the  young  student  tried  to  conceid 
the  motive  of  his  conduct ;  Staazic  inaiated  on 
knowing  it. 


"You  wish,"  V^  51  A-ioua^.i  -*oi.....r,  t^vmirs 
on  me,  at  the  ex  >  ily," 

The  powerfu;      i  u»?ca! 

his  emotion.  His  eyes  tilled  with  teont,  aial 
he  pressed  the  young  man's  liaud  wanniy,  as 
he  said : 

"  Dear  boy,  always  take  heed  to  tlii^t  eoansM?) 

— MnCMlR   NOTHIKO   DEFOES    THE    TIME.'      Ent 

the  end  of  life  arrives,  the  purest  virtue  may 
l)e  Boiled  by  vice,  and  ihe  l>ittcrej<t  ctdttmux 
proved  to  be  unfounded.  My  conduct  is,  in 
truth,  an  enigmft,  which  I  cannot  now  solve — 
it  is  the  secret  of  my  life." 

Seeing  the  young  man  still  hesitAte,  ho 
added : 

"  Keep  an  account  of  the  money  I  giv«  you, 
consider  it  as  a  loan  ;  and  when  some  day, 
through  labour  and  studv,  you  find  yoitrself 
rich,  pay  the  debt  by  educating  a  poor,  de- 
serving student.  As  to  me.  wait  for  luy 
death,  before  yo\i  judge  my  life." 

During  fifty  years  Stanislas  Stiiszic  aliowed 
malice  to  blacken  his  actions.  He  knew  lh«> 
time  would  come  when  all  Poland  would  do 
him  justice. 

On  the  20th  of  January,  182fi,  thirty  thou- 
sand mourning  Poles  flocked  around  hie  bier. 
and  sought  to  touch  the  pall,  as  thuuglt  it 
were  some  holy,  precious  reUe. 

The  Russian  army  could  not  comprehend 
the  reason  of  the  homage  thus  paid  by  tlie 
people  of  Warsaw  to  this  ilhjstrious  'man. 
His  hut  testament  fully  explaineil  the  reojMm 
of  his  apparent  avaricel  Hvs  vast  estate*  w&r© 
divided  into  live  hundred  jwrtiona,  each  to 
l>ecome  the  prrp-irv  ,.f  n  «>->.•  f»*.-.Br,o*^ — ^1,,^ 
former  serf.     A 

and  very  extend  i 

for  the  mstniction  of  the  pwusfmt^"  chiidren  in 
ilifFerent  trades.  A  reserved  furul  waa  pro- 
vided for  t)ie  succour  of  the  sick  and  agtMJ. 
A  small  yearly  tax,  to  be  paid  by  lh*»  1»l»er?it#Nl 
serfs,  WHS  destined  for  purcha'^l 1 1 
the  freeflom  of  their  neiddiour 
as  they  had  lieen,  to  hard  ntid  tliaukie---n  lou. 

After  having  thus  provided  for  his  pfasants, 
Staszic  bequeathed  six  hun<lred  thousand 
florins  for  founding  a  mwlel  hostpital  :  and  he 
left  n  considerable  auni  tovvar^ls  educating 
poor  and  studious  youths.  As  for  his  sister, 
she  inherited  only  the  samo  allowance  which 
he  had  given  her,  yearly,  during  his  life  ;  for 
she  wtis  a  tierson  of  careless,  exti'avagant, 
habits,  who  aissipated  fooliahly  all  the  monejr 
she  received. 

A  strange  fate  was  that  of  Stanialaa  StAsdc 
A  martyr  to  calumny  during  his  life,  after 
death  his  memory  was  blessed  and  revered  by 
the  multitudes  whom  he  had  made  happy. 


A~«9  raaijf  {teHh  a  tophw  Trndts^)  Brtc*  Tkrm  Skim»0t, 

TiiE  KIRST  VOt.UME  or  TUI 

HOUSEHOLD      NABRATIVE      OP 

CUBRENT     EVENTS, 

BefDii;  R  coiTn.lr  te  Krcotil  of  the  eT«nti  of  Urn  ytv 

EIGHTEEN  HUNDRED  AND  FIPTT. 


rtiHtbw^  At  tkt  Omai,  Ko,  ti,  irtSitagten  «!««•  »*rtk,  ^KmA.  YAmAM  l»A»w*t  kA%%  wt*,'^ 


~  Familiar  in  their  Mouifu  as  HOUSEHOLD  irOi?I>S."— sai*E»tiw, 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 

A    WEEKLY   JOUENAL 
CONDUCTED     BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


NO-45.J 


SATUBDAY,  FEBBUAEY  1,  1851. 


[PsicBSdL 


L 


PLATE   GLAS9L 

Two  other  eeotlemen  occupied  tbe  railway 
carriage,  whieu,  on  a  gtisty  day  in  December, 
mut  convcyiug  iia  towards  Graveaend^  vi4 
BbvokwalL  One  wore  Bpectacles^  by  the  aid 
of  wliich  be  was  peruBing  a  Hmall  pocket  edition 
of  Ilia  favourite  author.  No  sound  escaped  bis 
lips;  yet)  bia  uuder-jaw  and  his  diaengaged 
hand  moved  with  the  solemn  regularity  of 
an  orator  emitting  j>enoda  of  tremendous 
eapbony.  Presently,  his  delight  exploded  in 
n  loud  shutting  up  of  tbe  book  and  an  enthu- 
siastic appeal  to  us  in  fiivour  of  the  writings  of 
Dr.  Samuel  Johnson.  **  What,  for  example, 
can  be  finer,  g*?utlemen,  thau  his  account  of 
the  origin  of  glass-making  ;  in  which,  being 
a  drysolter,  I  take  a  particular  interest.  Let 
me  read  the  passage  to  you  !  " 

"  But  the  noists  of  the  train " 

**  Sir,  I  can  drown  that." 

The  tone  in  which  the  Johnaouiau  *'  Sir " 
was  let  off,  left  no  doubt  of  it.  Though  a 
small  man,  the  reader  was  what  liia  favourite 
writer  would  have  denominateti  a  Stentor,  and 
what  the  modem  school  would  call  a  Stunner. 
When  he  re-opened  the  book  and  began  to 
read,  the  words  smote  tbe  ear,  as  it  thej 
had  been  shot  otit  of  the  mouth  of  a  cannon. 
To  give  additional  effect  to  the  rounded 
periods  of  his  author,  he  waved  his  ami  in  tbe 
air  at  each  turn  of  a  sentence,  as  iX  it  had  been 
a  circular  saw.  "Who,"  he  recited,  "when  he 
saw  tbe  first  sand  or  afhes,  by  a  casual  inteuse- 
ness  of  beat,  melted  into  a  metalline  form, 
nigged  with  excreacenccs,  and  clouded  with 
impuritieii,  would  have  ima^ned,  that  in  this 
shapylcss  lump  lay  concealed  so  many  conve- 
niences of  life,  as  would  in  time  constitute  a 
great  part  of  the  hiippiness  of  the  world  ? 
Yet  by  some  such  foiluit<>U9  liquefaction 
was  mankind  taught  to  procure  a  body  at 
once  ill  a  lugli  <legree  solid  and  tranaimrent. 
which  might  ailmit  the  light  of  the  sun,  and 
exclude  the  violence  of  the  wind :  which 
might  extend  the  sight  of  the  philosopher  to 
new  ranges  of  existence,  and  charm  him  at  one 
time  with  the  unbounded  extent  of  the  ma- 
terial creation,  and  at  another  with  the  cnd- 
lem  subordination  of  animal  life  ;  and,  what 
is  yet  of  more  imjK}i-tance,  might  supply  the 
decay's  of  nature,  imd  succour  old  age  with 
mbsidiaiy  sight.    Thus  won  the  first  artificer 


VOL,  if. 


in  glass  employed,  though  without  his  own 
knowledge  or  expectation.  He  was  fadli- 
tating  and  prolonging  the  enjoyment  of  light, 
enlarging  the  avenues  of  ecien«  '       li- 

fer ring  the  highest  and  most  ksti  1 1  s  ; 

he  was  enabUng  the  student  to  c  ■u.L...|...*te 
nature,  and  the  beauty  to  behold  herself. 
This  passion  for " 

"  Blackwall,  genU  !  Blackwall,  ladies  ! 
Boat  for  Gravesend  t "  We  should,  unquca- 
tionably,  have  been  favoured  with  the  rest  of 
the  ninth  number  of  the  *'  Eambler  "  (in  which 
the  foregoing  passage  occurs)  but  for  these 
announcements. 

^"^  There  is  one  thing,  however,"  said  the 
little  man  with  the  loud  voice,  as  we  widked 
from  the  platform  to  the  pier, "  which  I  cannot 
imderstand.  What  does  tlie  ilhistrioua  essayist 
mean  by  the  '  fortuitous  liquefaction  '  of  the 
sand  and  ashes.  Was  glass  found  out  by 
accident  t " 

Luckily,  a  ray  of  school'day  classics  en- 
lighteum  a  comer  of  our  mernon,  and  we 
mentioned  the  well-known  st^jry,  in  Pliny, 
that  some  Phoenician  merchants,  cartying 
saltpetre  to  the  mouth  of  the  river  Belua, 
went  ashore  ;  and,  placing  some  lumps  of  the 
cargo  under  their  kettles  to  cook  food,  the  heat 
of  the  fire  fused  the  nitre,  which  ran  among 
tbe  sand  of  the  shore.  Tbe  cooks  finding 
this  union  to  produce  a  tran>slucent  substance^ 
discovered  the  art  of  making  glass. 

"  That,'*  said  our  other  companion,  holdii^ 
his  liat  to  prevent  the  wind  from  blowing  it 
aboard  the  Gravesend  steamer  (wTiich  was 
not  to  start  for  ten  uiinutes),  *'  has  been  the 
.stock  tale  of  all  writers  on  the  HuVrject,  from 
Phny  down  to  Ure  ;  but,  Sir  Gtarriincr  Wil- 
kinson baa  put  it  out  of  the  power  of  future 
authors  to  repeat  it*  That  indefintigable 
haunter  of  Egyptian  tombs  discoveitid  mmute 
representations  of  glass-blowing,  painted  on 
tombs  of  the  time  of  OrsirtOiiin  the  Flret, 
some  sixteen  hundred  years  before  tbe  date  of 
Pliny's  story.  Indeed,  a  glass  beaiJ,  bearing 
the  nsime  of  a  king  who  lived  fifteen  hundred 
yesra  before  Christ,  waa  fouud  in  another 
tomb  by  Captain  Henveyi  the  sixvitic  gnmty 
of  which  is  precisely  that  of  English  crown^ 
ghiss." 

"  You  seem  to  know  all  about  it !"  excUimed 
the  loud-voiced  man. 

"  Being  a  dii'ector  of  a  plate-glass  compan  j 


I 


^ 


^ 


I  Imvo  nmcfe  it  my  buslneaa  to  leftrii  all  that 
booka  could  te^ch  me  on  the  «ubj«H;t.'* 

**  I  aliould  like  to  see  gliisa  lujulel"  ftiid  the 
vociferous  adnurw  of  Dr.  Joluiaon^  '*  espedally 

To  thiBj  the  other  replieJ,  vilih  rcvly  politc- 
ncea,  **  If  your  wiab  be  very  atrgag,  Kod  you 
huve  ftu  hour  to  spare,  I  ahull  be  happy  to 
ahow  you  the  worlcsj  to  which  T  am  going, — 
tlio:^  of  the  Thanieft  PUtv  GIjoh  Compaziy. 
They  aire  dose  by.'* 

''  The  iact  b,"  waa  the  rt^ply,  "  Mi^.  BoB»le 
(I  *in  sorry  to  say  Mrs.  Bosale  w  au  invalid) 
fXiwctj*  me  down  to  Grr  M     ♦  '     ■ 

an  hour  won't  matter  mi 

•'  And  YOU,  sir  ?"  aaid  u.-  ^.. ..  ^^....^^..^,, 
a4hli'^'«i>lng  nic. 

My  dettU'e  waa  equally  atrone;,  and  the 
iieJtt  hour  equally  my  own ;  tor,  as  the 
friend^  whom  a  negligent  public  ha*!  driven 
to  uxnlgraiioii,  was  iiot  to  sail  mitil  the  next 
morning,  it  did  not  mudi  matter  whether  I 
took  my  la^i  farewell  of  him  at  Oravesvud 
«&rh'  or  latii  that  evening. 

Tracking  on-  '     through  dock  gates, 

over  narrow  tl  ,  along  quays  ;  now, 

do%iug  the  iig^.^.t;  .i  cdiiiis  ;  now,  tripping 
over  cables,  made  "  taut '  to  rings ;  now, 
fjdliiK'  f.iul  of  warping-posta  (for  it  wjia 
lisk)  ;  one  miimte,  leaping  ovetr  d€>- 
ui  ocr  ;  the  next,  doubling  stray  c&Aka ; 
the  next,  winding  among  the  strangest  ruine 
of  diamautled  ateam-boata,  for  which  a  regular 
Hospital  seemed  eatabliahed  in  that  desolate 
region  of  mud  and  water ;  then,  emerging 
into  dix'ly  lanea,  and  turning  the  comers  of 
rooflesii  hoUiie»  ;  we  finiahed  an  exdtiug  game 
of  Follow  my  Leader,  at  a  pair  of  tali  gat<ja. 
One  of  these,  admitted  us  into  the  precincta 
of  the  southernmost  of  the  six  manufactories 
of  plate  ghus  existing  in  thia  country* 

The  firat  iugrediiiut  in  the  making  of  glaaa. 
to  which  we  were  introduced,  waa  contained 
in  a  goodly  row  of  >>arreU  in  hdl  tap,  marked 
with  the  e^tteemed  biiuid  of  ''  Tnmian,  Han- 
bury,  Buxton,  &  Co-"  It  ia  the  well-known 
fermeiiti'd  t;j£tj-ju:t  of  malt  and  hopa^  which 
ia,  it  seems,  nearly  aa  neeeaaaiT  to  the  pro- 
duction of  g<XKl  plate  glaa^i,  a^  dint  and  aoda. 
To  Liquefy  the  latter  materials  by  means  of 
tire,  ia,  in  truth,  <lry  work  ;  and  our  cicerotu 
exjviainfd,  tlu*t  aeven  pints  per  day,  per  man, 
of  Messrs.  Truuian,  Hanbur>',  Buxton,  and 
ComtHuiy'b  entire:,  has  been  found,  afler  years 
of  tlursty  experience, to  be  ab«olut«iy  necessary 
to  moiisteu  human  day,  hourly  baked  at  the 
mouUia  of  bUzing  fumac^B.  The06  fumacee 
emit  a  heat  more  intense  than  the  moet  per^ 
spirin«^  imagination  can  conceive,  or  the 
staundieiit  thermometer  indicate.  An  attempt 
to  fdscertain  the  degree  of  heat  waa  once 
made :  a  pyrometer  (a  thermometer  of  the 
superlative  degree,  or  "  tire-meaaurer,")  waa 
applied  to  the  throut  of  a  ftimacu  —  for 
every  furnaee  Ima  its  mouth,  it»  throat,  and 
it«  Uaming  tongues  ;  but,  the  wretched  iuatru- 
iaent|  after  five  miuuteit'  scorching,  made  an 


ndrtd 


WQA 


expiring    effort    to    maj' 
tUgrtu    alove     hoilinq 
shivered  into  bits,  and  Vki*^  . 
up  by  tho  insatiable  element 

ingt  it  had    praBumptuoualy   ^ u 

register. 

Having^  by  this  time,  crossed  a  yard,  we 
stood  on  the  enlge  of  a  foul  creek  of  the 
Thames,  so  horribly  elimy  that  a  crt»codile,  or 
an  alligator,  or  any  scaly  monster  of  tlie 
Saurian  period,  secined  much  uioitj  likely  to 
be  encountered  iu  such  a  neichbourhoixl  than 
the  beautiful  snbstance  tnat  midcca  our 
tern  rooms  '  *"  nng  and  bright;  our 
'  ts  so  da/  .ur  windows  at  onee 

.1 .  i  vidian t  iUii.i  ..^ 

*' Iu    order    to  1    our    proccaa 

thoroughly,"  aaid  il  .^   ^j  director  of  th« 

seven  acrea  of  factory  and  tno  lour  hundred 

operatives  we  had  come  to  see,   **wc   rrmat 

begin  with  the  beginning.    Tliis,*'  ^  p 

from  a  heap  a  handful  of  the  lij  o 

Isand — the  glittering   pounce,   in    {;ui,    v^tth 

I  which  our  forefathera  spangle«l  their  writing, 

\  — **  is  the  ba^LS  of  all  gl»sa.    It  is  the  whilt3«tp 

"most  highly  pulveriHt'd  flint  sand  that  cjxsx  be 

1  procured.     This   comew   from   Lvnn,   on    the 

coast  of  Norfolk-    Ita  mixture  with  the  other 

materials  is  a  secret,  even  to  ua.     ^V'o  £rive 

the  man  who  poaaeaaoi  it  a  haxuinoine  Ktuiry 

for  exercising  iiis  mystery,'* 

**  A  secret ! "  cried  Hn  Boi»le.  "  Every 
body  I  thought,  knew — at  lea&t  every bo«ly  in 
the  drrsaltery  hne  understands— wViat  gla^te 
is  made  of-  ^^Hiy,  I  can  repeat  the  recipe 
givon  by  Dr,  Ure,  from  memory  : — ^To  irvery 
huudretl  parts  C)f  materials^  thi»rc  aru  ^ 
^ur©  sand  forty-tliree  parts;  ftoda  tweiity- 
nve  and  a  half  (by  the  bye,  tirb  have  boom 
capital  carbonate  coming  forward  «x  Mary 
Aime,  that  we  could  let  you  hav«  at  a  low 
figure)  ;  quick-lime,  four  ;  nitre,  one  wwX  a 
half;  broken  glaxa,  twenty-six.      I  r 

calculates,  if  I  remember  right !t.  li« 

whole,  thirty  parts  of  thi-  I    iun 

to  waste  in  i\iamg,  so  that  r  ceuL 

becomes,  on  an  average,  glass. " 

"  That  18  all  very  true,"  waa  the  aiwwcr ; 
'^  but  our  glass  is,  we  flatter  ounelvQei,  of  a 
much  better  colour,  and  stands  aiineJiling 
better,  than  that  m^de  from  the  ordinai'V  a^ 
mixture :  iVuni  m  hich,  however,  oum  diJierM  but 
little— only,  I  think,  in  the  relative  quantitiea 
In  that  lies  the  aecret." 

Mr-  Bosttie  expressed  great  anxiety  to  bebold 
an  individual  who  was  poeaesaod  of  a  secret 
worth  several  hundi-eds  a-year,  paid  w<»eklY, 
Bomance    invariably    a«aociatea  ^li 

mystery;    and   we  arc  not  ouitu  u 

the  awful  way  in  which  Mr.  BoBste  .irup|wd 
his  voice  to  a  soft  whisper,  that  he  (Hd 
not  expect,  on  entering  the  chamber  of 
pre-vitritied  chemicala,  to  find  an  imdividtuJ 
clothed  bke  the  hermit  in  "  Ita«i»elta»'*  Oi* 
mingling  his  ''elements"  with  the  wand  of 
Hermes  Trismemstus.  He  looked  as  if  be 
oould  hardly  beheve  his  apectaclea,  whoa  h« 


p 


L' 


CteriH  Dl«b«B«,] 


PLATE  GLASS. 


43f        ' 


■aw  A  i)ljiiii,  rea]>ectnblL-Iooking,  miHtrerent- 
tcmpered  uiuii,  uot  n  wbit  nior«  awc-m>*piring 
^-or  more  dusty — than  a  milLer  on  a  market- 

We  do  not  inAinimte  that  Mr.  Bosale  vv 
ieavourerl  to  "pluck  ont  the  heart  of  tl 
mysterv,  '  t1i,,n.Tl,   nothing  seemed  to  •  >'•  ^ 
thefocii  >:!taclea.  But, althou_ 

lay,  ui     ;  ;ip&,  the  iaudi  and  s< 

eaiipetre  and  lime  and  atl/d^  ot  brukeii 
glasbf ;  while  there,  in  a  hage  trough,  those  in- 
gi'edicnts  wore  mlied  up  (like  "  broken  "  in 
a  (»nfectiouer'3  shop)  ready  to  he  pushed 
through  a  trap  to  till  the  crudhle  or  Btomach 
of  the  fnmace  ;  yet,  de.spite  Mr.  Eoasle  s  sly 
iiiveatitfatioiis,  and  sonorous  enquiriea,  he  left 
the  hall  of  "* elements"  as  wiae  as  he  had 

•  nugh  a  Viiriety  of  places  in  which 

tliv  n,  pnriiicatiou,  and  deaninff  of 

the  mHt*:'r:ald  were  going  on,  we  monntea  to 
an  ur»p«^r  btoi7  that  remmded  xa  of  the  yard 
in  wnich  the  cnnning  Captain  of  the  I^orty 
Thieves,  when  he  was  disguised  a3  an  Oil 
Merchant,  atoreirl  hk  pretended  inerrhandia«. 
It  was  filled  with  rows  and  rows  of  great  clay 
iars^  something  like  barrels  with  their  heada 
Knocked  out.  Each  had,  instead  of  a  hoop, 
an  iiideuted  Isand  round  tlie  middle,  for  the  in- 
sertion of  the  iron  gear  by  which  they  were-,  in 
duo  tirae^  to  be  lifteti  into  and  out  of  the  ramng 
furnaces.  Tlieru  were  two  sizes  ;  one  about 
four  feet  deep,  and  three  feet  aix  inches  in 
diameter,  techuic-my  called  "  pota,'*  and  dca- 
tiued  to  ix'ceivQ  the  materials  for  their  first 
sweltering.  The  smaller  vessels  {cuwdes) 
were  of  the  same  shape,  but  only  two  feet 
six  inches  deep,  and  two  feet  in  diameter. 
These  were  the  crucibles  in  which  the  vitre- 
ous compound  was  to  be  fired  a  scicond  time, 
i^adv  for  casting,  Theae  yeoiela  are  huiix — 
for  that  la  really  the  prooeis ;  and  it  requires 
a  twelvemonth  to  build  one,  ao  graduaDy 
must  it  settle  and  hartlen,  and  ao  slowly  muit 
it  i  '  together,  or  the  furnace  would 

in;;  ilejitroy  it^-of  Stourbridge  clay, 

which  13  the  purest  and  least  liliciotw  yet 
discovered,  (iTie  clay  mentioned  in  our 
recent  article,  "The  Devouahire  Boradov*'* 
may  be  w<trth  a  trial,  for  the  manufacture  of 
these  crucibles,) 

"We  hare  now/*  said  Mr.  Boaale,  wiping 
hia  spectacles,  and  gathering  himself  up  lor  a 
loud  Johnsonian  period,  **aeen  the  raw  ma- 
terials ready  to  be  submitted  to  the  action  ol 
the  fire,  ontl  we  have  alM)  beheld  the  veaaelB 
in  which  the  vitrification  is  to  take  place. 
Let  ud  therefore  witness  the  actual  liqiieiac- 
tion." 

In  obedience  to  this  grandiloquent  wish,  we 

ere  shown  into  the  hall  of  furnaces. 

It  was  a  sight  indeed.  A  lofty  and  enor- 
hall,  with  windowB  in  the  liigh  walls 
open  to  the  rainy  night  Down  the  centre,  a 
fearful  row  of  roaring  furnaces,  white-hot ;  to 


look  at  which,  even  through  the  chinks  in  the 
iron  screens  1>efore  tliem,  And  iii.*u<k»'d.  Be*»m«!d 
to  acor.  '  '  '         V       Uiiii 

one.    -  an 

"'"  "  ■  Willi    iiiii-.u! bly- 

■:  on  the  walla^  nntl 

.-...;...,..,.,....  ....  ._.....    ,]i-.i.-.1ip  .1  ......iTory. 

1  dark  c«jrnera,  where  tl  Ily 

jinmiered  on  them,  from  1  ,     iiot« 

of  swarthy  muscular  men,  with  nets  drawn 
over  their  fiices,  or  hanging  from  their  hata  : 
confusedly  grouped,  wildly  dressed,  swrarcely 
heard  to  mutter  amidst  the  roarinr;  of  th^  ^  res, 
and  my  '.  coming  and  gn*        '  r 

tures<ii  s,  cast  by  the 

Such  li;^!!!!-.-*  itjMie  must  bar-  '  ;  ,.» 

a  time,  in  some  such  scene.  r  lie 

woraliip  of  fire,  and  feeding;   ...^  ^i.    ..  the 

cruel  god  with  victims.  Figures  not  dia- 
similar,  alaa  !  there  have  been,  torturing  and 
burning,  even  in  Our  Saviour's  name.  But, 
happily  those  bitter  days  are  gone.  The  aeuse- 
leM  world  is  torturecl  for  the  good  of  man, 
a^d  made  to  take  new  forms  Ln  his  service. 
Upon  the  rack,  we  stretch  the  ores  and  metals 
of  the  e.^irth,  and  not  the  image  of  the  Oeator 
of  all  These  fires  and  figures  are  the  agents 
of  civilisation,  and  not  of  deadly  penecution 
and  black  murder.  Bum  H^'"^  ^"'^  w»^lcome! 
making  a  light  in  Englan  il  not  be 

quenched  by  all  the  monki^l  i  rs  in  the 

world  1 

We  were  aroused  by  a  tensation  ISkt 
the  sudden  application  of  a  hot  mask  to 
the  countenance.  As  we  initinctively  placed 
a  luiud  over  our  fskce  to  ascertain  how  much 
of  the  skin  was  peeling  off,  our  cool  in- 
formant announcea  that  the  fomace  o^'er 
agmnat  us  had  been  opened  to  perform  the 
tr^/etaffCf  or  ladling  of  the  liquid  pot  d  feu 
from  the  large  pots  into  the  smaller  onea 
**  I  must  premise^'  he  said,  "  that  one-third  of 
the  raw  materials,  as  put  tocher  by  our 
secret  friend,  are  firat  thrown  m  ;  and  when 
tluit  is  melted,  oae^third  more ;  on  that  being 
fused,  the  last  third  is  added.  The  mouth  of 
the  furnace  is  then  closed,  and  on  enormous 
heat  kept  up  by  the  tiseur  or  stoker  (all  our 
tertas  are  taken  frotn  the  French),  during  six- 
teen houn.  That  time  having  now  elapsed, 
in  the  case  of  the  flaming  pot  Before  you,  the 
furnace  is  opened.  The  man  with  the  long 
hidle  thnists  iL  you  perceivii,  into  the  pot, 
takes  out  a  Uwlleful,  and,  by  the  a^stance  of 
two  (companions,  throwH  the  vitrified  dough 
upon  an  iron  ajiviL  The  other  two  men  turn  it 
over  and  over,  spread  it  upon  the  inverted  flat- 
iron,  and  twitch  out,  with  pliers,  any  speck 
of  impurity  ;  it  is  tossed  a^n  into  the  ladle, 
and  thrown  into  a  cnvette  m  another  fiirnace. 
When  the  cuvettes  are  full,  thrit  furnace  is 
stopped  up  to  maintain  a  roaring  heat  for 
another  eight  honn;  and,  in  the  laniruage  of 
the  men,  *  the  cereiaonA^  is  t»* Mfovmed.' " 

At  thb  monient,  tli'  ^t  forth  from 

the  middle  of  the  cn^  i  ..1,  of  several 

beats  of  a  gong:  so  loud,  that  they  even 


I 


II 


43C 


HOrSEHOLD  WORDS, 


drowned  the  thundering  inqaiiies  with  which 
Jill",  Boeale  waa  teasiny;  one  of  the  "•  teaaers." 
ItiAii  lUHlatit  the  mm  hasteued  to  a  focus,  like 
giiuits  in  a  Chiistmuii  pantoniiuie  about  to 
perform  aoine  vranderful  conjurfttioa ;  and  not 
a  whisper  wiw  Ueurd. 

**Al>a!  exclaimed  the  director,  "they  are 
going  to  eust.     Tliifl  way,  gentlemen  I  *' 

The  kitcheQ  in  whicK  the  Ogre  threatened 
to  cook  Jack  and  hia  seven  brothers  could 
not  have  been  half  so  formidable  an  apartment 
M  the  enormoufl  cuisine  into  which  we  were 
led.  One  end  was  i»cciipied  with  a  row  of 
ftwful  ovens ;  in  the  uiiast,  aiood  a  stupen- 
dous iron  table;  and  upon  it  lay  a  romng- 
pin,  80  big,  that  it  conld  only  be  likened  to 
nalf-a-dozen  garden-roUera  joined  together  at 
their  ends.    Above,  was  an  iron  crane  or 

gallows  to  lift  the  enormous  meaaes  of  red- 
ot  gruel,  thick  ajid  slab,  which  were  now  to 
bo  brought  frt:*m  the  fiimacea. 

**  Stand  clear  I  *'  A  huge  ba^in,  white  with 
heat,  approaches,  on  a  fiori  of  iron  hurley  ;  at 
one  end  of  which  aita,  triumuhant,  a  aala- 
mandcr,  in  human  form,  to  balance  the  Phi- 
toiiian  mass,  as  it  tqiproaches  on  its  wheeled 
car — playing  with  it — a  game  of  see-iaw.  It 
atOpe  at  the  foot  of  the  iron  ^^ows.  Mr. 
Boeste  approaches  to  see  what  it  is,  and  dis- 
covers it  to  be  a  cuvette  lilled  ^ith  molten 
glaea,  glowinc  firom  the  fiery  furnace.  What 
la  that  man  ooing  with  a  glazed  mask  before 
his  face  I  **  Why,  if  you  will  believe  me/' 
exclNiitiji  Mr.  Boaale,  in  the  tones  of  a  speaking- 
tniuinet,  (we  are  at  a  prudent  distance,)  '^he 
is  lauiiiur  off  the  scum,  aa  composedly  aa  if 
it  were  thrtle-soup  ! "  Mr.  Boasle  crows  bdd, 
and  ventures  a  little  nearer.  Baah  man  ! 
His  nose  is  assuredly  scorched]  he  darts 
back,  and  takes  off  liis  n>ectacle«,  to  aaoer- 
tain  how  much  of  the  framea  are  melted. 
The  dreadful  pot  is  lifled  by  the  crane.  It 
is  poised  immediately  over  the  table  ;  a  work- 
man tilts  it;  and  out  pours  a  cataract  of 
molten  opal  which  spreaas  itself^  deUberately^ 
like  Lnfenud  swcet^tu^  over  the  iron  table  ; 
which  is  sfMlled  and  slopped  about,  in  a  crowd  of 
men,  and  touches  nolmly.  "  And  has  touched 
nobody  since  last  year,  when  one  poor  fellow 
got  tlie  large  shoes  he  wore,  filial  with  white- 
hot  glass/*  Then  the  great  roUing-piu  b^ins 
to  "  roll  it  ouL'* 

But,  those  two  men-  narrowly  inspecting 
every  inch  of  the  red  not  sheet  aa  the  roller 
approaches  it — is  their  skin  salamandrine  1 
their  eyes  fire-proof  ? 

"They  are  looking/'  we  are  told,  "  for  any 
aoddenUl  impurity  that  may  be  still  in- 
truding in  tlie  vitri£u:tianj  and^  if  they  can 
tear  it  out  with  their  long  pincers  before  the 
roller  has  paaaed  over  it^  they  are  i^warded. 
From  the  albape  tbeae  specks  assume  in  being 
torn  away,  they  are  called  *  tears.*  ** 

Wlien  the  roller  haa  passed  over  the  table, 
it  leav»  a  sheet  of  rsa-hot  glsss^  meaeuring 
BMue  twelve  feet  by  seven. , 

This  translucent  oonfeciion  Is  pushed  apon 


a  flat  wooden  platform  on  wheela-^sparkluMf, 
m  it  t4iuches  the    wood,  like    iiinuinerabl» 
diamomls — and    is  then  run    rapldJy  to 
oven,  there  U»  be  leaked   or  jinn«*nled. 
bed  or  "sole  **  of  this  carifw  f^d  to 

tempei-ature  exactly  equal  t  'glass; 

which  is  now  so  miioh  co<^»lt  'i  <  on 

stand  within  a  yard  or  «iO  of  it  rur 

of  scorchmg  off  your  eyelajahea.  Ix.,  ,r,v  out 
of  the  furnace  U  tvKiled  too,  out  in  the  rain, 
and  lies  there,  burst  into  a  hundred  piecea. 
It  has  been  a  good  one :  for  it  has  withstood 
the  fire,  Be\'enty  davs. 

So  rapidly  are  all  thcM  casting  afpeniaoot 
performed,  that,  irom  the  moment  when  Mr. 
Boesle  thought  his  sj^ectacleawer^  .jf 

his  nose,  to  the  moment  when  if 

ghm  is  shut  up  in  the  oven,  .iimmu  tive 
minut<»  have  elapsed.  The  operations  are 
repeated,  until  the  oven  is  full  of  glass  plates. 

When  eight  plates  are  |mt  into  the  <ar> 
quise  it  is  closed  up  hermetically ;  for  the 
tiniest  current  of  cold  air  would  crack  the 
glass.  The  fire  is  allowed  to  l'<  <  out  <<f  its  own 
accord,  and  the  cooling  tak  gradu- 

ally, that  it  is  not  complet^L^*]  .  ni  days 

are  over.  When  drawn  forth,  tiit  glass  is 
that  "  rough  plate  "  which  we  see  let  into  the 
doors  of  railway  stations,  and  forming  half- 
transparent  ffooirs  in  maou&ctoriea.  To  make 
it  completely  transparent  for  windows  and 
looking-glasses,  elaborate  procesMs  of  grind- 
ing and  polishing  are  re^joiaite.  They  are 
tl^ee  in  number  t — ^roughmg  down,  smooth- 
ing and  polishing. 

**  I  perceive,'*  said  Mr.  Bosale,  when  he  got 
to  the  roughing  down  rocnn,  where  steam 
machinery  was  violently  agitaiing  numerous 
plates  of  glasa,  one  ii]x>n  the  other,  **  that  the 
diamond  cut  dianv  ]ile  is  adopted,** 

"Exactlv:  the  '  ia  listened  to  a 

table  by  plaster  ot  rans.  and  the  upper  one 
— quite  rough — ^is  violently  rubbed  oy  nub- 
chinei-y  upon  it,  with  water,  sand,  aod  other 
grnnding  powders  between.  The  top  plate  is 
Uien  fastened  to  a  table,  to  roagh  down  another 
first  pUte  ;  for  the  under  one  is  always  ths 
smoother." 

Then  comes  the  **  smoothing.*^  Emery,  of 
graduated  de^ea  of  fineness,  is  r\fuft\  ff»r  that 
purpose.     ^  h  ntil  within  th«  :  h  or  so^ 

smoothing  could  only  be  dont  labour. 

The  human  hand  alone  was  >  there* 

quisite  tenacity,  to  i-ub  the  ir&cea 

over  each  other ;  nay,  so  fine  n  ixus^  k'Il  toucli 
was  requi&it<\  that  even  a  maa^  hand  had 
acaroelv  sensitiveness  enoug^h  for  the  work  ; 
hence  females  wercL  and  still  are,  emploved.'' 

As  our  paina^aJdng  informant  spoKe^  he 
pushed  open  a  door,  and  we  beheld  a  si^^ht 
that  made  Mr.  Bosale  wipe  hb  spectacles,  aind 
ourselves  imagine  for  a  moment  that  a  scene 
from  an  Orieutal  Story-Book  was  ma^caUy 
revealed  to  us ;  so  elmnt  and  graoeftu  were 
the  attitudes  into  wfaidi  a  bev^  of  some  fifty 
of  them  of  tme  forms  and 
were  unceaaingly  throw* 


i 


A  OUILD  OiERK'S  TALE. 


437 


ing  themselves.  Now,  with  fcrms  extendiid, 
they  pushed  the  nlates  to  one  verge  of  the 
low  tiiblca,  stretciiing  their  bodic»  »»  Uw  as 
poasihle;  then,  drawing'  back,  they  storxl 
erect,  puIUiig  the  phite  xftcr  iheni  ;  then, 
in  oilier  to  reach  the  opposite  e*1ge  of  the 
phuic%  they  stretched  thcmBelvca  out  again 
to  an  alinoet  horizuuUd  |M»t$ture.  The  easy 
beauty  of  their  movement^  the  glitter  of  the 
gluB,  the  brilliaiiey  of  the  g.-ialights,  the  bright 
colours  of  most  oi  the  di-essea,  funned  a  coup 
d*ml  whicli  ^Ir.  Bo&ile  enjoyed  a  great  deal 
more  thrm  Mrs.  Bosde,  had  slie  beeu  there, 
mi^lit  have  quite  approve<L 

Tlie  fairy  scene  ia  snou,  however,  to  dig- 
appear.  Mr.  Blakev  the  iiigemou.s  lu.inager  of 
the  worka,  has  invented  au  artificial  female 
hand,  by  means  of  whieh^  iu  combination  with 
peculiar  machinery,  ttlass  smoothing  can  be 
done  by  gt^am.  Tue  last  process  i^  '*  p*:>liish- 
ing."  This  art  is  practi«ed  in  a  3y>acioua 
room  glowing  with  red.  Every  corner  of  the 
busy  interior  is  as  rubicund  as  a  Dutch  dairy. 
The  floor  ia  red,  the  walls  are  red,  the  ceiling 
is  red,  the  pillara  are  re«l,  the  niachinerj'  its 
Tery  red.  Red  glass  ia  attached,  by  red 
plaster  of  Paris,  to  red  moveable  tables  ;  red 
nibliers  of  red  felt,  heavily  weighted  with  red 
leads,  are  driven  i-apidly  over  the  red  surface. 
Little  red  boys,  redder  than  the  re^hlest  of 
Bed  Indians,  are  continually  sprinkling  on 
the  reddened  glaas^  the  rouse  (inobtened 
erocua^  jier  oxyde  of  iron),  whicXi  converts  the 
scene  of  their  operatioua  into  the  most 
gigantic  of  known  liubrics. 

When  |K>iish0d,  the  glass  is  taken  away  to 
"examined."  A  b<3y  of  vigilant  scruti- 
lieecrs  place  each  sheet  between  their  own 
eyra  and  a  strong  light :  wherever  a  scratch 
or  flaw  appearsi,  they  make  a  mark  with  a 
piece  of  wax.  If  removable,  these  flaws  are 
polished  out  b^  hand.  The  gla^a  is  then  ready 
for  the  operation,  which  enables  "  the  beauty 
to  behold  herself**  The  spreading  of  the 
quicksilver  at  the  back  is,  however,  a  separate 
nroeesa,  accomplialiod  el^'where.  and  pet^ 
formed  by  a  perfectly  di»tiiict  boay  of  work- 
men*   It  is  a  very  simple  art. 

The  manufacture  of  plate-glaaa  adds  another 
to  the  thousand  aud  one  instances  of  the  ad- 
vautagea  of  unrestricted  and  unfettered  trade, 
llie  jjreat  demand  ocacsioned  by  the  immediate 
fall  m  price  coiwe<^iient  u[)on  Ihe  New  Tariff^ 
produced  this  efiect  on  the  Thamea  Plate 
Class  Works — They  now  manuf:icture  as 
much  pbite-gla&s  per  week  as  was  turned  out 
in  the  days  of  the  Exctac,  in  the  same  time,  by 
all  the  worka  in  the  country  put  together. 
The  ExcIro  incubi  clogged  the  operations 
of  the  workmeji,  and  prevented  every  sort  of 
improvement  in  the  manufacture.  They  put 
their  gaug««  into  the  "metal"  (or  mixed 
m.it<erifila)  before  it  was  put  into  the  riot. 
They  overluiuled  the  paate  when  it  was  taken 
out  of  the  tircj  and  they  applied  their  foot -ndes 
to  tlie  sheets  after  the  glass  was  annealed.  The 
duty  waii  collecteil  during  the  various  stages  of 


man , ,  t .. . .r  1 .  r..  h alf-a-doien  times,  and  amounted 
to  il  d  l»er  cent.     No  iniprrjvfnjeiit 

waM  ;i  _i  to  law,  and  the  Excii.em.in  }>ut 

his  veto  u]>on  every  attempt  of  the  sort,  lu  the 
old  time,  the  mysterious  mixer  con  Id  not  have 
exerciseil  his  secret  vocation  for  the  lienefit  of 
liis  employers,  and  the  deuiand  for  ghww 
waa  so  amali  that  Mr.  Blake's  admbtible 
polialdng  machine  would  never  have  been 
mvented.    Nor  could  plate  i:'  "  have 

been  used  for  transparent  flom  door 

pamieLj,  or  for  a  hundred  otlicx  ,  . , , .  ..ici*,  to 
which  it  is  now  advantageously  and  omnment- 
ally  applied. 

Thanking  the  courteous  gentleman  who  hatl 
shown  us  over  the  workn,  we  left  I^fr.  PiO»ale 
in  close  consultation  with  the  Manager. 
As,  iu  croa&ing  the  yard,  we  heard  the  word 
"soda!"  fi'^equeutly  thundered  forth,  we 
concluded  that  the  Johnsonian  dry-salter  waa 
endeaviHjring  to  complete  some  trans-actioD  in 
that  commodity,  which  he  had  prtvioualy 
<ipene«l  with  the  director.  But,  it  is  not  in 
our  power  to  rcpoi-t  decisively  on  this  head, 
for  our  attention  waa  diivcted  to  two  con- 
cluding objects. 

Firat,  to  a  row  of  workmen — ^the  same  we 
had  lately  seen  among  the  6res  and  lic|iud 
gUisa— good-hum oui-edrv  sitting,  with  perfect 
compoisure,  on  a  log  of  timber,  out  in  the  cold 
ajid  wet,  looking  at  the  muddy  creek,  and 
drinking  their  beer,  aa  if  there  were  no  such 
thing  tm  tem]>eraturo  known.  Secomliy,  and 
kLstly,  to  the  narrow  paasagea  or  cares  under- 
neath the  furnaeea,  into  which  the  glowing 
cinders  drop  through  gi^atiiipt.  These  lookea, 
when  we  di^K^euded  into  them,  like  a  long 
Egyptian  street  on  a  dark  night,  with  a  fiery 
ram  failing.  In  warm  divergent  chamber 
and  crevices,  the  bovs  employed  in  the  worl 
love  to  hide  and  sleep,  on  cold  uighta. 
slept  Di  Foi*B  hero,  Colonel  Jack,  amoi 
the  ashea  of  the  gla^-house  where  he  workec 
And  that,  and  tlie  river  together,  made  us 
think  of  KoBursoN  CausoE  the  whole  way 
home,  and  wonder  what  aU  the  English  boys 
who  have  been  since  Ids  time,  and  who  are 
yet  to  be,  would  have  done  without  him  and 
ILLS  deaert  Island. 


A  QUILD  CLERK'S  TALE. 

The  oflSce  of  clerk  of  the  Carvers'  C5om- 
muy  has  l»een  filled  by  me4ul>er»  of  my  family 
tor  one  hun<ircd  years  past.  My  great-graud- 
father  was  elected  iu  the  yeiu"  174U.  After 
him,  came  his  younger  brother  j  aud,  when 
he  <lie<l,  my  grand fa<  her  was  chosen  by  nine 
votes  out  of  twelve  ;  alter  that,  all  opposition 
vanished.  Our  d\ nasty  was  established* 
When  my  grandfather  died,  my  father  went 
through  the  ceremony  of  calhug  upon  the 
of  the  Court  of  Afaustauts,  and 
their  votes  ;  and,  afterwards,  the 
I  ii  Ilium  V  of  a  show  of  handi  being  passed,  he 
wa3  declare*!,  as  event-  oue  knew  he  would  be 
who  was    aware    of   the    existence   of  the 


438 


HOtTSEHOLD  WOBBS. 


lCM*bH«<lt 


Til.. 

CftSV    .„ 

•»i<k  rov 

of  Gr<*elt,  Huil  \ 
1  wjiJH  At  nnoe 
fiithrr  A  rJo«k  ; 


""  the  fnicceswirof  his  fathfr. 

hira  to  mrself  was  go 

(y  felt.    When  I  tlin^w 

cchea,  and  came  uut  of 

i,"  trith  aome  knowledge 

kill  in  penmanshipj 

■  .'*\  to  a  stool  at  my 

whuli  siUKxi  mled  oif.  in  a 


I 


k 


cumei"  of  the  great  halU  under  the  etained- 
gliifiB  window.    Thf  fi  I  twelvo  R<?nior 

KverjTiK'n,  who   fnii  ia  r.illod  iht^ 

Court  of  Aiisistniitt,  *.»"  m-  il.ere  when  they  | 
met  togi^thtr ;  and  tme  iwitttnl  tiie  on  the  j 
hend,  and  prophesic<i  grcftt  thing«  of  me,  \ 
while  I  8.it,  very  ret!  in  the  face,  wondering 
who  hiui  been  talking  to  hinj  aU^nt  me.  [ 
Another^  who  had  hinifielf  worn  the  girdle 
and  lilue-petticoat«,  some  half  a  century  iire- 1 
Tiously,  exarnitiDd  my  classical  knowledge  j 
and,  finding  himself  somewhat  at  fault,  re-  ] 
marked  that  he  was  not  fi'eah  from  school, 
like  me.  At  length,  my  father  and  I  attended 
their  meetings  alternately;  and,  as  he  became 
old  and  infirm,  the  duties  devolved  entirely 
upon  me.  When  he  died,  therefore,  there  was 
no  cIiAiiiie,  The  twelve  liverymen  held  up 
twelve  of  their  four-and-twenty  hands,  and  my 
election  was  recorde<l  on  the  minut^a. 

Carvei^*  Hall  was  a  place  not  very  easy  to 
ftnd  out,  for  any  btit  the  warder  and  twelve 
liveiypnen :  but,  as  few  people  else  ever  had 
occa8iou  to  find  it  out,  that  was  not  of  much 
conft«qiicnce.  The  iJuKion  of  the  city  in 
which  it  Ktoo<l  had  escaped  the  Fire  of 
London,  which  took  a  turn  at  a  short  distance, 
owing,  pjerhfif  s,  to  a  change  in  the  wind,  and 
i«(l  the  Hall  and  Bomo  adjacent  courts  un- 
touched. In  or<ler  to  arrive  there,  it  wbb 
fuceamiryf  finst,  to  pass  through  a  narrow 
pMsage  nmning  wp  from  Thames  Street  j 
then,  along  a  paved  yard,  by  the  railing  of  a 
duir*  h  ;  and,  laatly,  dow  n  an  mipasaable  court, 
at  tho  bottom  of  which  stooc!  the  antique 
gateway  of  Csirvers*  Hall.  Over  the  door- 
way WJU5  a  curiouB  carving  of  the  Resurrection, 
in  oak,  which  must  have  cost  some  ancient 
member  of  the  Worshipful  Guild  considerable 
time  and  trouble.  There  were  representefl 
ffraves  opening,  luid  baldheadevl  old  men 
forcing  up  the  lids  of  their  family  vaults — 
aome  looking  happy,  and  some  with  their 
featureB  distorted  by  despair.  Out  of  others*, 
whole  families,  mother,  father,  and  sevei-al 
children,  had  just  issued,  and  were  standing 
hand-in-hand.  Some,  agmn,  w^ere  struggling, 
half-l>uried  in  the  ground  ;  while  others, 
ah'eady  extricated,  were  assiatiuf!;  tbcLr  kliis- 
m'^xk  in  thoir  eflbrtjj  to  diBiuter  tliemselves. 
The  scene  wna  made  a  sedion,  in  order  to 
give  the  siK^ctator  a  view  of  Jin  immense  boat 
of  cherubim  above^  sitting  urwjn  a  mnssy  jiile 
of  cloud ;  through  which — the  middle  point 
of  the  pictuvc^the  summoning  angel  was 
throwing  himself  down,  with  a  trumpet  in 
hia  hand  j  which,  according  to  the  rdative 
Bcale  of  the  work,  must  have  been  several 
leaguea,  at  least,  in  length.    Having  passed 


unrler  this  gateway^  you  entered  a  sniaJl 
square  yard,  paved  with  black  and  white 
stonee,  plaoe<l  diamond-wise  ;  and  facing  you 
was  the  Hall  itself,  np  three  iptone  steps,  and 
with  A  wooden  y*ortico. 

This  solitAry  building,  silent  .iiul  retired, 
though  in  the  heart  *^f  a  rr-nvd.  d  city,  haa 
been  my  home  for  ri'  j.     I  have 

become  assimilated  1  jng  usage. 

I  ?im  myeelf  ailent,  rrniviL  ni,  I  lenacious  of 
old  haVjits  ;  though  I  do  not  think  tiiis  is  my 
natural  disposition.  But  why  do  I  talk  of 
natund  disposition  K  Are  we  net  all  moulded 
and  made  what  we  are  by  time  nnd  outward 
influences  1  However,  when  I  wiia  at  school 
I  wau  a  cheerful  lw:»y,  though  the  monastic 
life  of  Christ's  Hospital  is  n'»t  calcnlated  t<* 
improve  the  miirit-s.  It  was  only  on  enterinff 
my  father^B  office  that  I  Ijn^gan  to  i»e  nnlvdued 
to  the  formal  lieing  which  I  have  aincfi  be- 
come. The  portraits  of  111  '  '..,'■ 
in  the  Hall ;  they  are  i  i 
features  and  in  dress,  exot-j)^ 
wore  hair-powder.  It  was  n 
that  he  clung  to  the  style  of  i 

{prevalent  when  he  was  a  yo  \ 

lo  considered  to  he,  in  every  \^  _      ^  » 

all  modem  inventions.  I  waa  only  released 
from  the  absurd  dresa  of  the  blue  coat  boy 
to  be  put  into  gannents  equally  jpTOvocatlve 
of  remarks  from  impertin*»nt  bo^it,  Tlie 
family  costume  is,  impri     '  "  V      - 

breeches  with  buckles;  i'l  \ 

metal  buttons ;  and  a  lur^t'  ^\\^\^r  <ni.\Ht, 
spread  out  over  the  whole  chest,  and  orna- 
mented in  the  middle  with  a  con.tlion  l>n>och» 
The  same  brtw^ch  apjieani  in  cverj*  one  of  tlie 
portraits.  I  have  worn  this  drest  all  mv  11% 
with  the  exception  of  a  abort  period,  wlicn  I 
changed  it  to  i-etum  to  it  shortly  again. 

If  happiness  consists  In  ha^  in^^  m.'uiy  frienda. 
I  ought  to  have  I>een  a  happy  mhu.  Old 
can'ers,  neighboui's,  pensioners  of  the  Tom- 
jmny,  every  one  dow^n  to  the  house- keeper, 
and  Tom  Lawlon,  my  onlv  clerk,  s^Kike  kindly 
of  me,  Theira  was  no  lip  service.  I  knew 
tliev  1'^"'  f'>'^  ••■  Hi"  Vi  irtB.  Tlie  V  -i-J  *- ..^ 
hari  L  J  lie.     I  k!i 

of  th      .1    _  .         .1,  the  har-     .-    -.i 

wrongs  which  other  men  endure.  They 
appeared  to  me  even  fabulous  when  I  read 
tbt'ra.  The  means  of  getting  my  living  were 
put  into  my  hands.  Tlje  C«uuj>aiiy  seemed 
almost  grateful  to  my  father  for  bringing  me 
np  to  the  office.  ^ly  income  w«s  two  hun- 
dred pounds  per  aimum,  as  v  "  '  bouse 
to  live  in,  and  coals  and  can  i   waa 

moi-e  than  I  needed  for  my  BU|»|nn  i,  muiigb  I 
always  found  means  of  dis^KJsing  of  the 
surplua,  and  never  saved  anything.  I  waa 
not,  however,  a  happy  man.  I  had  alwa^'B 
the  feeling  of  a  spirit  subdnetl  to  a  life  to 
which  it  was  not  suited.  I  do  not  aay 
that  in  another  sphere  I  should  hnvi?  led  a 
boisterous  life.  My  mind  was,  perl 
|)roDe  to  reflection  thaa  to  action, :  l 

telt  that  if  I  had  been  more  in  tJie  worJi,  it 


iDl^lMLl 


A  OCTLD  CL&RK*8  TAUL 


438 


I  had  kfiown  more  of  life  and  change,  I  should 

hftv«   bovn   a  happier  mmi.      But  fix>m   my 

p..».|it.-»    I  .T  »<  the  vanity  ol'  '•'■'  -  ^' '  *^'    '11111© 

J  aloof  from  t.  in- 

bi... '  me.     "A  rollii-^     .   4.     ^....  isiio 

moHS,"  wa»  the  firat  provprh  whtdi  1  he.tnl 
froia  my  fftther's  motith.  These  principles, 
impla»ted  early,  took  de«jp  roctt,  though,  pei^ 
hiKMf  in  an  nnfinvotii-nble  soil.  Living  also 
jnaer  the  same  roof  with  my  father,  I  felt 
alartuerl  at  erery  whisperintf  of  my  own  in- 
rV-      '  '     '        IS  opp(.i8cd  to  hiH  wiah^^ 

;!  Ute    theui,  tiB   if  I    wrere 

bUw^^iii.f;,  v>iuii  i..xir  tvil  portion  of  my  nature. 
ThiLB,  in  course  of  time,  1  VK;t'Mne  what  I  ara  ; 
not  a  misanthrope,  thank  G+xl,  but  a  timid 
and  Boniowhat  melancholy  man.  We  bad  no 
mirth-making  in  our  household,  except  at 
Ohristmas-time,  vhen  we  feasted  in  good 
earnest  My  father  loved  at  that  time  to 
display  a  rough  hospitality.  We  had  cenerally 
two  or  three  nights  of  raeiTy-nuuting,  at 
which  were  \y)ih  voimg  and  old  people— all 
carrers  or  the  chilcWn  of  carvers — and  afler 
his  ileath  I  continued  the  ciTstom.  Often,  as 
I  sat  with  my  hajypy  frieuda  about  ine,  some 
sweet  young  woman  \vi>tiIi1  m\'fi  jh.j  n  mlv  lilt. 
upon  my  oM urate  d  1 
bachelor;    little  thin 

words  could  rive  me  paiu,  ihiuigii  they  cut 
me  deeply,  and  set  me  looking  at  the  fire  with 

thought  fill   face,     I   might  have   married, 
perhft[)s,  if  I  hatl  found  a  partner ;  my  inoonn^ 
iraa  not  ln.rgf»,  hut  m 
'ft  family  with  1p«ls  ni 

I  had  ;  but, somehow,  1  1  m>>.  u  a^  innv- 
five  yrars  of  age  unin,  1  -l  Mm,  and  prim — > 
the  veiy  type  of  an  ^*i  i  !  •  1  '  i  .i\  It  whb  not 
from  indillerf^nc^,  for  I  •■"  ■-  1  y  nature  sen- 
sitive and  ^^►•ctionat*'  K-r  women  I  had  a 
kind  of  reverence.  I  pictured  them  to  myself 
all  that  is  noble  and  good  :  yet,  in  their 
presence,  1  onlv  looked  upon  them  timidly, 
■peaking  little,  Wt  thinking  of  them,  jierhaps, 
loitt^  aftorwarda  when  they  were  gone. 

On©  reanlt  of  my  reputation  for  gravity 
waa  a  numlier  of  execut  ■  ^-^  ■  -^  ;  h  hail 
been  imposed  upon  me  '  uds. 

Any  one  would  have  thou-  .     ;     ,..,  cwaa 

a  conspiracy  abroad  to  overwhelm  me  with 
proofs  of  confidence.  My  ntock  of  monrning 
rings  IB  considerable.  The  expression,  **  Nine- 
teen guineas  for  his  trouble,"  ha*i  to  me  an 
old  familiar  sound  with  it.  At  length,  I  was 
obliged  to  hint  to  any  old  carver  who  waxe«l 
sickTy,  that  mv  duties  in  that  way  were 
already  as  mu«^fi  as  I  conld  fulfil.  Tliere  was, 
however,  an  old  grocer  of  my  acnnaintanc*^, 
named  Cawthome,  who  would  make  me  ex- 
ecutf/r  of  his  will,  in  spite  of  my  remon- 
atrancca,  relie\nng  my  scruples  by  a«Hurintji 
me  that  he  hurl  named  anotiicr  friend  for  my 
colleagiie^  who,  it  was  understood,  was  to  un- 
dfiftake^  if  we  sunMved  him,  the  greater  part 
of  the  duties,  including  the  guanlianship  o( 
his  daughter  Lucy.  We  did  survive  him  ; 
and  the  other  executor  entered    upon    hia 


office,  seldom  ti'oublii  .vhen  abso» 

lutely  necessary*.     '1  1  for  soma 

years.  TIj*-   ' '  '    1   ....  ■  ^v ^  ,.  line  young 

woman  <'i  with  blue  eyes  and  fair 

hair,  ripi'i  ide  siTulii;ht  upon  waters 

t«niche<l  Dv  a  light  wind.     I  saw  her  often  in 
the  house  when  he  was  taken  ill,  and  thought 
her  ver)'  beautiftd.     I  fancied,  sometimes,  how 
she  would   look   rtjljetl   in  pure   w!iit«,  ami 
holding  in  her  hand  an  olive  branch,  stB  I  had 
seen   some  angels  otirved   in  stocia.     I  have 
met  her  asceuilii       '  '  V    n 

her  hand,  the  .^ 

glory  on  her  fii'L,  ......  .3,,  (. 

to    mount   from  atep   U-  -y 

nscend  without  a  moveuiL 
feeUng  with  regard  to  her  ai  I 

to  a  amperstitious  awe  ;  for  I  ^1 

many  words  to  her,  and  I  think,  ui  in  at,  she 
thought  me  harsh  and  cold.  At  length  her 
guardian  died,  and  although  I  hml  known 
from  the  first  that  in  that  event  his  duty 
would  devolve  upon  me,  the  fact  seemed  to 
take  rae  by  snrpnse,  I  could  hardly  believe 
that  henceforth,  for  some  time,  she  would 
look  to  me  as  her  sole  protector.  Howe^-er, 
in  a  short  tune^  the  alfairs  of  my  deceiised 
colleague  were  set  in  order,  and  she  come  to 
reside  with  me  in  the  old  hall. 

Bhe  soon  fot^^  her  first  antipatliy,  and  W9' 
became  good  mends  together.  I  took  her 
over  the  old  place^  and  showed  hei  t  i 
and  the  paintings,  and  everything  1 
was  quamt  and  curious.  We  baa  a  rjiiixi.in  at 
the  back  of  the  Hull,  in  which  she  sat  ai  work 
on  line  days.  It  was  not  large,  but  it  wasi 
nevertheless,  a  garden,  and  in  the  miilst  ot 
London.  It  wa«  planted  with  shrtibs,  and 
contained  two  or  three  large  tretHi,  as  well  aa  m 
rustic  seat  u|K»n  a  grass-plot ;  though  the  gras^ 
was  not  very  thriving,  on  account  of  the  trees 
shutting  out  the  sun  and  air.  However,  sit- 
ting here,  the  back  of  the  Hall  had  a  ;  - 
tureaque  look,  lialf  covered  with  the  t:' 
leaves  of  a  tig-tree  nailed  agzdnst  the  wjJI, 
and  with  its  worn  stone  steps  guar*lod  on 
each  side  by  an  aXoe  in  a  green  tub.  Tins  was 
her  favourite  place.  She  walked  or  i-ead 
there  in  the  moniing,  and  in  the  aftenioon 
she  taught  two  little  nic*cea  of  the  housekei^per 
to  reacT  and  write.  Sometimes,  in  the  even* 
ing,  I  got  an  old  book  from  the  Hbi-ary.  and 
rend  to  her,  and  made  her  laugh  at  it?  riuniiit- 
ness.  I  remember  one  translation  of  ! 

nov^l    in    folio,    printed    in    the    t".  i 

'  ■  .  ry  much.  ihQ 
f  the  Inxiik,  and 
ravi's  ii]i-  iNuior.  j  lu^i  u  Was  the  Tnuis- 
*  Apologv  for  hia  hiLiour  ;*'  **  A  dedA- 
for  the  better  undeiistanding  of  the 
Ml  address  "To  the  learned  IteniJer  ;  *' 
another  "  To  the  discreet  and  couiteoua 
Iteafler  ; "  and  another  "  To  the  vulgar  R<»ader," 
with  some  othei-s ;  and,  tinally,  the  Si)aniah 
novel  itjtelf  was  ushered  in  byanumberof  versea 
in  English  and  Latin, laudatory  of  the  l>ook  and 
the  translator,  by  celebrated  men  of  the  period 


hitor  s 
ifititHi 
book  ; 


440 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


^ 


^ 


i 


n 
J 


On  Sunday  we  sat  at  chtirch,  in  the  same 
pew,  antl  often  I  forgot  my  own  ficvotion^  in 
list  oil!  Ill'  t(.  tl.i-  earnest  tones  with  whk-h  »he 
^.  I  thought  tluvt  flhe,  of  all 
ti  in,  was  be«t  fitted  to  apeak 

thuxn  wuitU  of  chriatiftn  love.  I  was  vexed 
to  hear  an  old  overseer  of  the  imriMli,  whom  I 
knew  t/i  be  a  bad  and  worldly  mtm^  in  the 
next  tk^w',  repeating  the  same  woi-de  in  a 
drawling  ton« ;  and  I  could  almo«t  have  i^e- 
qucited  nlm  to  aay  them  to  himself, 

Tbtw,  onra  was  not  a  very  cheerful  way  oi 
life  for  a  yonng  maidefi ;  but  she  eeenied 
alwnyji  happy  and  contented.  For  myself, 
althoaph  1  waa  Kony  for  the  death  of  my  co- 
eieoutoi.,  I  bleaaed  the  day  when  vhe  came 
into  the  house ;  and  I  grieved  that  I  had 
objected  to  become  her  guardian  from  the 
first,  that  she  might  have  grown  up  from 
childhood  with  me,  and  learnt  to  look  up  to 
mo  as  a  father.  Living  with  her  «^laiJy,  and 
noting  all  her  thoughts  and  aetiouH  Kome- 
timea  «7en  when  she  did  not  minpect  that  I 
obeerreil  her,  I  saw  her  purer  than  the  purest 
of  my  own  ideals.  My  teeling  was  almost  an 
idolatry.  If  I  hful,  at  forty-hve  yeara  of  age. 
Btiil  any  tlioughts  of  marrying^  I  renouncea 
them  lV»r  her  eake^  and  resolved  to  devote  all 
my  care  to  her,  until  such  time  as  shs  should 
find  A  )i»t«iband  worthy  of  her. 

By  an  luicient  Iwnueat  to  the  Company^  we 
distributed,  on  the  clay  befoi*e  ChriBtmas  Day, 
to  twenty-four  poor  people,  a  loaf  of  bread,  a 
amsdi  log  of  wootl,  or  bavin,  m  we  called  it^  and 
iht  sum  of  two  ahUlings  and  ten  penoe  to  each 
person.  Tlie  recipients  were  all  old  decrepid 
men  and  women.  There  was  an  ancient  re- 
gulation, atili  unrerwaled,  that  they  ghould  all 
■Atand  on  the  fullowinf^;  courtniaY,  at  noon 
preoltely,  to  "  return  tlianks  for  the  same  ;  ** 
though  that  peiibrmance  of  raechanicid  grati- 
tude hud  been  allowed  to  fall  into  disuse 
by  a  more  pliUi^aophieal  gtncmtion.  Tlie  tirst 
ChriBtmaa  after  Lucy  ciiiue  thfre,  she  begged 
me  to  let  hor  distribute  these  giftH,and  I  cou- 
aenied.  I  ntood  at  my  little  de«k  at  the  end 
of  the  liall,  with  my  face  resting  upon  my 
hand,  w^atching  her,  and  listening  to  her  talk- 
ing to  the  old  people.  Next  to  the  pleasure 
of  heariug  her  speak  to  little  children,  I 
delightetl  to  hear  her  talk  with  veiy  aged 
folks.  There  was  something  in  the  contrast 
of  the  two  extremes  of  life — the  young  and 
beautiful  maiden,  and  tlie  bent  and  wrinkled 
old  j)eople — that  pleased  me.  She  heard  all 
their  olt-repeatod  complaints,  their  drejiry 
JMOOuntH  of  their  affuos  and  rheumatict^  and 
OOOaoted  them  as  wml  r^a  ahe  coidd  ;  and,  with 
some  of  the  very  old,  ^hm  took  their  brown 
and  sinewy  hancu  in  hers,  and  let!  them  down 
the  steps.  I  did  not  know  what  ailed  me 
that  day.  I  stood  dreiauing  and  muHing,  till 
I  seemed  to  have  lost  that  iiuitiuctive  dex- 
terity with  which  we  perform  the  mmple 
operationEi  of  our  daily  life.  Soniu  accounts 
hiy  before  me  which  I  was  anxiotis  to  cast, 
but  several  times  I  essay ed^  and  seemed  In- 


capable of  doing  so.  As  the  simple  words  of 
•Hir  daily  huiguage,  which  issue  from  our  Ups 
siiuuitjuieouflly  with  the  thought,  become 
vague  and  indit^tinct  if  we  muse  n\yon  their 
oriijin,  and  rcfK^t  them  several  limes  to  our- 
selves ;  so  by  dwelling  long  u]M>n  the  idea  of 
tho  work  before  me,  It  8oeme«l  to  Jiavc  be- 
come coiUuseii,  and  difficult  to  reali^.  I 
handed  them  over  to  my  clerk,  Tom  Lawton, 
who  «at  opposite  to  me, 

Poor  Tom  Lawton  !     I  thougbt  I  saw  him 
looking  anxiously  at  me,  8ev«r  '  f;.t*.*^  wW.at, 
I  raithnl  my  eyes.     No  being  i 
lov«l  me  more  than  he     Itih 
him  some  acts  of  kindness,  i 
done  SLA  much  for  othere,  who  i  i 

since  ;  whereas  his  gr-atitude  btcaiut:  a  real 
affection  for  me,  which  nt.*ver  iWiU^\  to  show 
itself  each  day  that  he  w:.  Ue  was 

a  fine  young  man,  and  a  utile  with 

the  hou^Hekeeper,  who  said  "  site  uued  him  he^ 
cauBe  he  was  so  good  to  his  nioiher«  just  as 
she  thought  her  poor  son  woiil  '  '  '>  '""•^'  if 
he  had  lived.*'     Tom  was  ibmi  ■ 

sometimes  wrote  veraes,  of  ^^  i  u 

copi^  for  his  friends  In  a  neat  hand.  He  was 
a  shrewd  fellow,  in  some  things,  but  in  others 
he  waa  as  simple  as  a  child.  His  tem])cr  was 
the  sweetest  in  the  world — the  children  knew 
that.  No  diving  into  his  coat-|>.»cket  ever 
ruffled  him  ;  no  amount  of  pulling  his  hair 
could  ever  induce  him  to  ci*y  out, 

Toui  was  to  Rpcnd  his  Cliristmas  Eve  with 
us,  and  to  make  "  toiuit  and  ale,"  ai  wm  oar 
custom  -  so,  when  the  gifts  were  all  ^tri* 
butetl,  he  left  me,  and  ran  home  to  <\xtsii 
i  himself  smartly  for  the  occasion.  I  stood  at 
^  my  <le.sk,  still  musing,  till  the  evening  closod 
upon  tho  short  and  wintry  afternoon.  Lucy 
came  an'l  called  me,  saying  tlie  tea  was  on 
the  t^dde, 

"  We  thought  you  were  fallen  asleep,'*  iiud 
she.     "  Mr.  mwUui  is  comc^ 

We  sat  round  a  lar;:;e  tii'e  in  the  old  waina* 
ooted  sitting-room,  wliile  Lucy  made  the  teA 
— and  would  have  made  the  toait,  too  ;  but 
Tom  said  he  would  sooner  bum  bis  eyes  out 
than  sutfer  her  to  do  so.  The  housekeeijer 
came  up  ;  and  afterwards  came  an  old  carver 
and  hiii  daughter.  We  sat  till  after  mi'lnight. 
The  old  car\'er  told  some  anecdotes  of  people 
whom  my  father  knew  ;  and  Turn  told  a 
ghoet  story,  wbidi  kept  them  fdl  in  breathless 
terror,  till  it  tiimed  out,  at  last,  to  be  a  dream. 
But  I  was  restless,  and  spoke  little.  Once, 
iudeetl,  I  answercil  the  old  canrer  rather 
.sharply.  He  had  pattetl  Lucy  on  the  head, 
and  said  he  supposed  she  would  be  soon 
getting  married,  and  leaving  us  old  people. 
I  could  not  endure  the  thought  of  her  Icavmg 
us ;  though  I  knew  that  i^e  woidd  do  so, 
I>robubly,  one  tky.  She  had  ne^Ter  looked  to 
me  more  interesting  than  she  did  that  even- 
ing. A  little  child,  worn  out  with  playing, 
ha^l  fallen  asleep,  with  its  head  upon  her  lap^ 
and,  as  slie  was  speaking  to  us,  her  hand  waa 
entangled  in  its  hair.    I  gased  at  lier,  and 


d'4 


ntrfccnt.j 


A  GUILD  CLERK'S  TALE. 


441 


i^nght  up  every  word  she  ftjiokd  ;  and  when 
the  stopped^  my  reatlei&tiess  returned,  I 
etan>T€i  in  \nm  to  uke  part  in  their  mirth. 
1  wjmted  to  be  alone. 

When  I  Rat  that  nij^ht  in  my  little  bodroonij 
I  wna  thinkintf  9t\]\  of  Lucj".    I  heard  her 


voice  Rtill  Bom 
I  shut  mv  evt 


my  ear ;  and,  when 
1 1  her  still  Wfom  me, 
A]i'\  li^r  little  golden 
I  fell  asleep,  and 
Til  Nvaited  for  the 
da\ light,  thinking  <  I  ill     So  we  passed 

all  the  ChrifitiiiJis  li.  ii  i  SiinirUmea  it  was 

a  happy  fet^lniu    x^K;  li    )•  t    lue ;    and 

sometimes  I  .'dm  si  umi  ><  tli;a  I  had  never 
wen  her.  I  w:ks  .'ihva>-d  restless  and  anxious  ; 
I  knvw  not  iVir  what,  I  hecame  a  dlH'ereDt 
man  to  that  which  I  had  been  before  I  knew 
her. 

Wlien,  at  last,  I  coneeAled  from  myuelf  no 
longer  that  I  Iovlh.1  her  fondly^  deeply  — 
deopcr,  1  believe,  than  ever  nuin  has  loved — 
I  becAnie  i&birmed.  I  knew  what  people 
would  say,  if  it  came  to  be  known.  Bhe  had 
Bonie  projjerty,  and  I  had  nothing  ;  but  what 
w»B  worsen  I  was  forty- live  years  of  age,  and 
she  wafl  only  twenty.  I  was^  moreover,  her 
gnardian  ;  and  she  had  been  consigned  to  my 
care  by  her  dying  father,  in  couMence,  that 
if  ahe  came  under  my  protection,  I  would  act 
towards  her  }i»  he  himself  would  have  acted^ 
if  he  had  live«l,  not  dreonuDg  that  I  ahoold 
encoursj^e  other  thoughts,  than  those  of  a 

Erotect<ir  and  a  friend.  I  knew  that  I  should 
av©  been  j^doufi,  angry,  with  anyone  who 
evinced  a  liking  fur  her;  and  yet  I  aske*! 
myself  whether  it  waa  right  that  I  should 
discourage  any  man  who  might  make  her 
happy ;  who,  perhajKi,  woidd  love  her  nearly 
as  much  as  I  did,  and  1)e  more  suited  for  her, 
by  reason  of  his  youth  and  hal>it<i ;  not  like 
mine,  acvlate  and  moukinh.  Even  if  1  eventu- 
ally gained  her  atfectiona,  would  not  the 
world  say  that  I  liad  exerted  the  undue 
influence  of  my  authority  over  her ;  or  that 
I  hod  kept  her  ahut  up  ^m  society ;  so  that, 
in  her  ignorance  of  lifd,  nhe  mistook  a  feeling 
of  req)ect  for  a  stronger  sentiment  ?  And, 
agauir  ii'  all  these  things  were  set  ande,  was 
it  not  wroD^  that  I  should  take  a  yoimg  and 
beautiful  girl  and  shut  her  up  in  that  old 
place  for  ever — checkmg  the  natural  gaiety 
of  youth,  and  bringing  her  by  slow  d^rees 
to  my  old  way^  1  I  saw  the  sel^hB^s  of  all 
my  thoui;hts,  and  resolved  to  strive  to  banish 
them  for  ever. 

But  they  would  not  leave  me.  Each  day 
I  saw  sometkiiur  in  her  tlmt  increa»ed  my 
passion,  I  wateJied  her  aa  she  went  fi'om 
room  to  rtHim.  I  walked  stealtliily  about  the 
place,  in  the  hope  of  seeing  her  somewhere, 
unobserved,  and  hearing  her  speak,  an<l 
itealing  away  again  before  she  saw  me.  I 
walked  ou  tiptoe  once,  and  saw  her  through 
the  open  *\oui\  thoughtful — looking  at  the 
candle — ^with  her  work  untouched  b^ide  her. 
I  fimded  to  myself  what  thoughts  possessed 


her:  ijcrhans  tlie  memory  of  a  fiiend,  u» 
longer  of  ttiis  world,  hail  touches  I  her  aud- 
deuly,  and  made  her  mute  and  still :  or, 
perha}is.  the  thought  of  soni«3  on©  u*'arer, 
The  idea  ran  tlirough  me  like  a  subtU 
poison,  and  I  »htuld«n?d.  I  th*^iight  <»]te 
started.    I  K  1  U> 

away  again    i  r 

looked  ijehind  ni'^  lui  x  jrikrucl  mv  c^JicitT  m 
th^  HaU. 

Ever)'  one  remArked  a  change  in  me.  Lucy 
looked  ut  mc  jinxioui^ly  sometimes,  and  asked 
me  if  I  was  not  ill,  Totu  Lawtiin  grieved  to 
see  me  so  dejected,  till  he  became  himself  as 
grave  as  an  old  nuui.  I  sat  opposite  to  Lucy 
sometimes,  with  a  bo<jk  in  my  nand.  I  had 
ceased  to  read  idoud ;  an<l  she  seeing  that 
I  took  no  pleasure  in  it,  did  not  press  me  to 
do  so,  1  looked  at  the  pa^es,  without  a 
thought  of  their  contenta,  smiply  to  avoid 
her  looks*  I  thought,  at  last*  that  ahe  grew 
vexed  with  my  neglect.  One  n  ■'V+  t  .T.i-i^..)y 
threw  down   my  book,  and  r 

bohlly  and  intently,  to  obaer\  _     . j^___  ,_u 

of  her  features,  I  said — 

**  I  have  been  thinking,  Lucy,  that  yon 
grow  weary  of  my  dull  ways.  You  do  not 
love  me  now,  as  you  did  some  months  ago.'* 

"  Oh,  yes  !"  she  replied,  "  indeed  I  do.  X 
do  not  know  what  makes  you  talk  like  this, 
tmlesa  I  have  offended  you  in  sometliitig. 
But  I  see  it  now,"  she  said.  "  I  muut  have 
said  something  that  has  given  you  pain  ; 
though  it  was  never  in  my  thought  to  do  so. 
And  this  is  why  you  treat  me  coldly,  day  by 
day,  and  never  let  me  know  what  I  have  done. 

8he  came  over  to  me,  and  took  my  hand  in 
hen ;  and,  with  tears  in  her  eyes,  begg«d  me 
to  tell  her  what  it  was. 

"I  know/*  she  said,  "I  have  no  friend 
more  kind  an<l  good  than  you.  My  father 
died  before  1  knew  how  great  a  friend  1  liad 
in  him  ;  but  hail  he  liveiX  I  never  could  liave 
loved  him  more  than  I  love  you." 

"  Well,  well,  Lucy,"  said  I,  *'  I  did  not  mean 
to  hurt  you.  I  know  not  why  I  reproached 
you.  I  am  not  well  j  and  when  I  feel  thus,  I 
know  not  what  I  say." 

"  Kiss  me,  then,"  said  she,  •*  and  tell  me  yon 
are  not  angry  with  me ;  and  4lo  not  think, 
now,  that  I  am  tired  of  living  here  with  you. 
I  will  do  everything  to  make  you  happy.  I 
wiU  not  aak  you  to  read.  I  will  put  away  my 
work,  and  read  to  you  in  future.  I  have  seen 
you  silent,  IcMiklng  unhappy,  and  have  s;iid 
notliing — thinking  that  was  best,  as  I  did  not 
know  wliat  it  was  that  made  you  so  ;  and  yon 
lijtve  thought,  perhaps^  that  I  was  vexed  with 
you,  and  wished  to  show  it  by  a  sullen  air. 
But  now  1  will  strive  to  make  you  cheerful 
I  will  read  and  sing  to  you,  and  we  will  play 
at  draughts,  sometimes^  as  we  useii  to  do. 
Indeed,  I  like  this  old  pUce,  and  all  that  Uve 
in  it,  and  never  was  so  happy  in  my  Life  as  I 
have  been  since  1  came  here. ' 

I  placed  my  hand  upon  her  hea^l^  and 
her  on  the  forehead,  saying  nothing. 


1 


442 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


I 


^1 


"  You  aiT  IrerabliDg,"  &he  exclaimed  ;  "  this 
is  not  merely  Uluesa,  You  Imve  some  sori\)w 
ou  your  luiu'd  that  hauut*  you.  Tell  mc  wlint 
it  U  t!mt  aib  you  ;  perbufw  I  mnv  Ui  nlili*  U> 
conaoie  you.  I  have  not  so  in 
as  yun  :   but  Bomd:imos  ai   v 

'     oldeat  ftiid  tho  musi   •  i 

too,  you  magnify  your 

L..-v...i.^  over  it ;  you  thiilk  upou  ;i  >....  .v  .,.i 

mind   is  clouded,   and    you  cannot  iwe  the 

ioiiii.lv.  which  I,  looking  at  it  for  the  ftnit 

ht  see  directly.     Beaides,''  she  said, 

,    hesitate,  *'  if  you  do  uot  tell  ine,  I 

toli«4i  alw4iyB  beuuhappy — imagining  a  hundred 

evilu,  onehf  perhapSj,  more  serious  tlian  the 

truth." 

"  No,  Lncy "  said  I,  **  I  wn  unwell ;  I  have 
felt  thus  for'  some  time,  and  to-night  I  feel 
worse.  I  must  go  to  bed ;  I  skill  be  better 
aftiCtr  a  night's  rest." 

i  U^htf^d  a  candle,  and,  bidding  her  ^ood 
night,  left  her  and  stole  up  to  bed— a&aid  to 
stay  iiuger,  lest  I  should  be  tempted  to  reveal 
niy  secret  Oh,  how  could  I  endure  the 
tliod^'lit  of  her  kind  words,  more  painful  to 
me  than  the  coUlest  aoom  !  She  had  said  she 
loved  me  as  a  father.  Li  the  midst  of  all  her 
kuidnesM,  she  ha*i  s|ioken  of  my  ii^o  aitd  my  ex- 

i>eri«ic^,  Did  I,  then,  look  so  od  1  n»  thnt  ?  Yes. 
knew  that  it  was  not  my  yeiirs  which  mfido 
me  old  ;  it  wi«  my  staid  maimers^  my  grave 
and  thoughtful  facen,  which  made  me  louk  an 
old  man,  even  in  my  |>rime.  Bitterly  I  com* 
phuned  of  my  father,  who  hod  shut  mo  out 
from  the  knowledge  of  all  that  makes  life 
beautiful ;  who  had  biaesad  me  to  a  belief  that 
such  a  life  ns  his  waa  best^  by  hiding  from 
tne  idl  cumparisoo  ;  til)  now,  when  I  per- 
ceive<l  my  error>  it  was  too  late  to  refkair  it. 
I  «urveye<l  my  antiquated  garments  with 
disjBnt^t ;  my  huge  cravat ;  the  very  hair  of  my 
heiuJ.  b}'  lou^  training,  b«ocnuc  old-fjuahionod 
lit»yond  nil  reclaiming.  My  wh<Jea]atejij'ance 
wa^  that  of  a  man  who  had  file]>t  for  ludf  a 
century,  except  that  I  was  without  a  speck  or 
fioil.  I  believe  they  would  have  admitted  me 
to  a  mast^ncrade  in  such  a  dre^  withoat  a 
single  alteration,  ami  think  that  I  had  hired 
it  lor  the  occasion.  But  a  new  hope  sprang 
up  within  me,  I  would  change  my  way  of 
lite — I  wijuld  try  to  be  more  chaerful ;  1 
would  w^ear  more  modem  clothes,  and  en- 
deavDur,  at  least,  uot  to  make  myself  look 
older  thftu  I  was. 

I  had  known  nothing  like  the  peace  of 
mind  wliieh  these  thoui:ht»  brought  mu,  for 
maity  days.  1  wond^nnl  thnt  what  wris  so 
obvious  had  not  occun-ed  to  me  before.  1 
had  gone  ab<)ut  di^aming  in  my  absent  way, 
brooding  uiipnjtitably  over  my  troubles, 
in£teiid  of  devising  something  pra^rticai  and 
Tisefid,  liut  I  would  act  difl'ereutly — I  would 
not  despair.  Five-and-lorty  years  was,  after 
all,  no  great  age.  I  rocalLed  to  my  mind  many 
instauceH  of  men  marrying  long  after  that 
Ume  with  women  youngi^r  tlian  themselves, 
and  living  afterwArda  very  happily.     I  re< 


membered  one  of  our  "\'  1 

at  sixty  u  young  ziud  \  n, 

ami  every  one  sttw  how  happy  thty  wuv,  and 
how  she  loved  her  hui»V»ajiil  for  v^rsars,  till  a 
ruacal,  by  slow  and       '  \>ir  her 

tdTcctioiiB,  nnd  whe  But 

Imcv  would  not  du  Ih.il  ,  t  hu.  v>  1IIM.  \vell  tho 
gooonesH  of  her  natuire  to  have  auy  fi?ar  of 
such  a  reault  llien  I  tl- „.„],.  i,.,..  i\uA  I 
would  be  to  her — atud  it, 

could  amuse  and  pleas<^  >  11 

she,  seeing  how  all  my  ibe  was  devoted  to 
her,  would  oome  to  love  me  in  the  end.  I 
planned  out  m'mutely  onr  way  of  Ule.  I  wouUl 
invite  more  friends  to  vi&it  us,  and  we  would 
go  out  and  visit  others.  We  would  |>lay  at 
our  old  game  of  draughts  together  m  the 
winter  evetiings,  and  er-^     '  T  would  take 

her  to  the  theatre.    In  r  we  wo^dd 

go  into  the  oouutry — ^liu|)^^..w(^  ,.d  day  long  in 
quiet  abudy  places,  and  returning  about  duak. 
Sweet  thoughts,  thai  held  mv  iu'uhI  until  I 
slept}  and  lingered,  breeding  |  -i ! 

ITie  next  cky  I  visited  w,)  k 

my  orders  with  evident  a^^t    u  ly 

clothes  were  brought  home  iri  :i  :  ud 

I  tlnrew  off  my  kjnee-breechea,  to*  1  thought, 
uuea«(v  Lu  mv  new 


it 


for  ever.     I  felt  a  little 
attire — ^my  legs  had  be*  i 
cool  and  unrestrained,  1 1 
irksome.    However,  1 1^ 
become  accustomed  to  i 
made  me  look  some    \v. 
would  my  father  have  said  if  he  h:i<  >io 

earth  that  day  and  seen  me  i    At;  i    v^- 

ever,  was  less  manageable — in  vmo  I  parted 
it  ou  the  light  aide,  and  brushed  it  sideways^ 
instead  of  bfuokward,  as  I  hail  hitherto  doDe* 
For  tive-and- forty  years  it  hail  hoeii  bnudsad 
in  one  direction,  and  it  '  ^   '*,^ 

but  five-and'for1.y  yearh  to 

other,  could  ever  revenir  u.  x  uciHJciiura  luy 
room^  tr}  ing  to  look  unooiuoioQ<  d  Anything 
unusual  in  my^  appearan*'^"  f+  ^^'i'-^'  i^T'i-f—lrnv: 
tke  Ward«Q  and  Aesist :  '  I 

would  have  laughed,   t  "f 

tliem  liad  not  left  otT  la  '  ^. 

Borne  of  them,  howev*  j  nc 

addresflied  to  me  some  simplt:  4Ut>.tloiu8^  evi- 
dently intended  to  teat  my  sanity.  I  feJt  a 
little  vexed  ;  fur  I  thought'  it  wag  no  comjem 
of  thein^  if  I  chose  to  adopt  some  altrrations 
in  my  dress.    However,  I  said  n    '  ^  it 

went  quietly  through  my  duties.     I  n 

was  there.     It  should  have  been  u  j.-. i,iy' 

for  him  ;  for  they  increased  his  Mlary  at  thai 
court.  But  he  looked  at  me  toiiiriivsMoiialely, 
and  evidently  thought,  like  I 

was  going  mad.     1  was,  ho\Sv  it- 

aolod — for  Lucy  wa.9  pleased  to  a*  <  '*• 

in  my  dress  and  manners,     II.-  '1 

chatted  with  her,  and  she  re.'Ml  i^  mt-,  uud 
sang,  aa  she  had  promised.  ThuB  I  went  on 
for  some  time  ;  when  something  of  my  old 
restlessness  came  back.  I  saw  how  iittle  she 
suspected  that  I  loved  her  more  than  oi  s 
friend ;  and  fearing  atiii  to  let  her  know  the 


III 


I 


p 


truth,  I  felt  that  I  might  eo  on  thus  for  years 
%*}  little  pur|>o3e.  So,"by  degi*e^  I  returned 
to  tuy  former  ajuiness,  aiul  becuue  again 
rcserred  and  thoughtfuL 

One  idght,  I  descended  from  my  little 
room  into  tlie  garden,  and  walked  about  with 
wy  hat  in  my  hand,  for  I  felt  feverish  and 
excited.  Night  aft^r  night,  my  sleep  had 
been  broken  and  <Usturbed  by  dreams,  that 
gUded  from  my  memory  when  I  woke,  but 
fcfl  a  fe<iibig  of  despondency  that  followed  me 
throughout  the  day.  Sometimea,  I  thought, 
myself,  that  my  reason  waa  deserting  me. 
We  were  very  busy  at  that  time,  and  Tom 
Lawtou  and  1  were  to  liave  worked  together 
all  the  evening,  but  I  had  left  him ;  utterly 
unable  to  fix  my  attention  upon  what  I  set 
before  me.  I  uebced  to  and  fro  Mveral  times, 
when  paaaing  oy  the  window  where  I  ha«l 
left  him  at  work,  I  heard  him  speaking  with 
stjme  one.  A  word,  which  I  landed  having 
caught)  made  me  curious,  and  I  mounted 
upon  a  stone  ledge  and  Hatejied  ;  for  the 
fihdintf  pane  of  gl&M  whkh  served  to  ventilate 
the  uU  had  been  pushed  Kick,  and  I  could 
hear  distiacUy  when  I  applied  my  ear  to  the 
aperture.  The  light  L*eiug  inside,  I  could 
not  be  aeeu,  although  I  could  see  his  desk. 
The  lamp  waa  ahaded^  and  the  window  was  of 
stained  gUaa,  so  that  I  did  not  aee  very 
oUarly.  But  I  had  a  quick  vision  for  such  a 
t0nke  a3  that  be(br«  me. 

That  form  standing  beside  Tom  Lawton, 
with  its  hand  in  his,  was  Lucy's  1  The  blood 
rushed  to  my  head.  A  thuusaud  little  lights 
w«re  dancing  l^fore  my  eyes.  I  felt  myself 
fidlingi  but  I  made  an  effort^  and  clutched 
the  wiadoW'sill,  and  listened.  It  was  Lucy's 
voice  that  I  heard  fir^t 

**  Hush  1  '*  she  smd,  ^'  I  heard  a  noise  ;  there 
is  some  one  coming.  Good  Juight !  Good 
night !  " 

"No,  no,"  said  Tona,  "it  is  the  wind  beating 
the  dead  leaves  againiit  the  window.** 

They  seemed  to  listen  for  a  moment^  and 
then  he  spoke  again, — 

"  Oh,  Sliaa  Lucy,  do  not  run  away  before 
we  have  talked  together  a  Httle.  I  see  you 
now  so  seldom,  and  when  I  do  there  are 
others  present,  and  1  cannot  speak  to  you  of 
what  is  always  uppermcrat  in  my  thoughts. 
I  think  of  you  all  day,  and  at  night  I  long  fur 
the  next  morning,  to  be  in  the  sauie  hotuse 
with  vou,  in  tlie  lioj)e  of  seeing  you  before  I 

f;  though  I  am  cantinually  ciit<appointed. 
think  1  am  unfortunate  in  all  but  one 
thing,  though  that  consoles  me  for  the  rest — 
1  thmk  you  love  me  a  little,  Luc\%" 

"  Yes,  Turn,  I  do ;  a  m-eat  deal.  1  have 
told  you  so  mrmy  times,  and  I  am  not  ashamed 
to  rejieat  it.  I  would  not  hide  it  from  any 
jne,  if  you  did  not  t*;!!  mc  to  do  so.  But  why 
lo  you  tease  yourself  wi^h  fancies,  and  think 
yourself  imfurtunaie  ?  I  do  not  know  why 
we  ahoultl  not  tell  him  all  about  it.  He  ia 
Uie  kindest  Ix'ing  in  the  world,  and  I  know 
he  would  not  thwart  me  in  anything  that 


could  procure  m)r  liappiness ;  and  Ibea,  again, 
you  arc  a  favourite  of^  his,  and  I  txxn  suie  hs 
would  be  delighted  to  think  that  we  loved 
each  other/* 

**  No,  no,  Lucy  ;  you  ranat  not  say  a  word 
abont  it.  What  would  he  think  of  me,  with 
uolhiui^'  in  the  world  but  my  small  srUaiy, 
enconriiging  such  thoughts  towards  you,  who 
are  rich  ;  and  going  on  like  this — staying 
snares,  as  he  would  say,  for  months,  to  gain 
your  affections,  and  never  sajing  a  word 
about  it ;  bringing,  too,  disgrace  upon  him,  as 
your  guardian,  that  he  had  suffered  a  poor 
clerk  in  his  office  to  find  opportunities  of 
speaking  to  you  alone,  and  at  last  pea-suadinfl; 
you  to  promise  to  luecome  his  wife  one  dayl 

"  All  this  you  have  told  me  many  a  tmie ; 
but  indeed  this  need  not  be  an  obstacle.  I 
wish  that  I  had  not  sLxpence  in  the  world. 
My  money  is  bt^come  a  misforttine  to  us,  in- 
stead of  a  bless'mg,  as  it  should  be.  I  \vish  I 
might  give  it  away,  or  renounce  it  altogether, 
I  am  sure  we  should  be  as  well  without  it, 
one  day  ;  and  if  we  had  to  wait  a  long  time, 
we  should  still  be  able  to  see  one  another 
openly,  and  not  have  to  watch  for  secret  op- 
portunities, as  if  wo  were  doing  wrong.  You 
do  not  know,  Tom,  how  unhappy  the  thought 
of  all  this  makes  me.  I  never  hvul  a  secret 
before,  that  I  feared  to  tell  before  the  whole 
worUl  ;  and  now  I  sit,  night  after  -  '  *  -  ith 
him  from  whom  I  should  conceal  ?i  id 

feel  that  I  am  deceiving  hira.  E\a  .  .  ..a.^  lie 
looks  at  me,  I  laney  that  he  knows  all  alujut  it, 
and  thinks  me  an  artful  girl,  aiul  waits  to  see 
how  long  I  shall  play  my  part  betbrc  him. 
Many  times  I  have  b^  tempted  to  tell  him 
all,  in  spite  of  your  by  unction,  and  beg  him 
not  to  DC  angrj'  with  me  because  1  hiid  not 
dared  to  t^U  him  before.  1  would  liave  taken 
all  blame  upon  myself,  and  said  that  I  had 
loved  you  secretly  before  you  ha«l  e\  er  sp>oken 
to  me  about  it — anything  I  would  have  iaid, 
rather  than  feel  myself  deceitful,  as  T  do  !  " 

'*Lucy!"  exclaimed  Tom,  in  a  broken  voice, 
"you  must  not — you  must  not,  indeed,  ever 
give  way  to  such  an  impulse,  I  know  not 
what  might  come  of  it,  if  ne  knew.  It  would 
ruin  us — ^perhaps,  be  the  cause  of  our  being 
separated  for  ever — make  him  luile  us  both, 
and  never  pardon  me,  at  least,  while  he  lives. 
Oh,  Lucy  !  I  liave  not  told  you  idl.  Somc- 
thuig  yet  more  serious  remainii  beliiud. 

••Tell  ...     - 

me 


me — what  is  this,  Tom  f^you  alarm 


"  Come  here  then,  and  bring  your  ear  closer. 
No ;  1  will  not  tell  you.  Do  not  ask  me 
again.  It  is,  jjerhaps,  only  a  fancy,  wlach  has 
come  into  my  head  because  I  am  anxious 
about  you,  and  imag^ine  all  kinds  of  misfoi^ 
tunea  that  might  arise  to  make  us  wretched. 
But,  oh  !  if  I  am  right,  wc  are,  inde«?d,  unfor- 
tunate. No  misfortune  that  could  befid  us 
could  be  equal  to  tills.** 

Lucy's  eyes  were  filled  with  tears.  **  I  do 
not  like  to  go  back  into  the  parlour,"  she 
said,  "  lest  he  should  be  there,  and  nsk  me 


I( 


444 


HOUSEHOLD  WOJRBS. 


irasiJaeud  bf 


W 
k 


■why  I  hfive  tM».'n  crying*  He  was  in  hia  room, 
up  staira,  I  ihiitk,  juat  bow,  and  he  may  have 
come  down,  aad  I  am  sure  I  eoiild  not  elaud 
bel'ure  liim  as  I  sun.  You  have,  iudcod,  tiiade 
me  miserable.  Oh  I  Tom,  Tom,  do  tell  me 
what  thid  is  T' 

**  I  ctmnot  tell  you,"  he  replicil,  "  it  would 
not  be  riglit  to  breathe  a  wortl  about  it  till  I 
have  surer  ground  for  my  euspicion.  Let  nie 
dry  your  eye*,  and  now  |;o  back  into  the 
parlour,  or  your  abaeuoe  will  be  observed/' 

Tv^ice  ho  bade  her  "good  night  "  before  she 
left  hiiu,  fuul  each  time  I  saw  him  put  his 
arm«  about  her,  and  ki^  her ;  then  he  called 
after  her — 

"Lucy!" 

She  turned  back,  and  ran  up  to  hira. 

"  I  hanlly  know  why  I  called  yon  back. 
Only,  I  may  not  see  you  again  for  aouje  time, 
Mid  it  may  be  many,  many  days,  before  I  can 
Bpeak  to  vou  aloue." 

"WellV' 

I  tremble*;!  for  ^hat  he  wns  about  to  aay, 
and  in  my  anxiety  to  catch  hia  words,  I  put 
my  ear  closer,  and,  in  bo  doing,  struck  the 
door  of  the  ventilator. 

*•  Hark !  I  thought  I  heard  something 
moving.  Go,  go  !"  said  Tom.  *^  (:oo<l  night ! 
Good  night  1"  And  ahe  glided  across  the 
hall,  autl  was  gone  in  a  moment. 

Ill  the  eagerneas  with  which  I  hful  liaU>neii 
to  their  conversation,  I  had  not  bad  time  to 
feel  the  terribly  blow  which  t  hud  recL'ive<l 
It  was  onlv  when  the  voiced  cwiiied,  tliat  I 
felt  liow  }^i\  my  hopes  haul  l^een  shattered  in  a 
moment.  I  relaxes!  my  hold  ;  aud,  alighting 
on  the  ground,  Widked  agjiiii  to  ajid  fro — but 
more  burrietlly  than  b<.'fore.  I  hiwi  never 
dreamed  of  this :  Tom  Lawton  1 

I  sat  dowu  upon  the  gnr<len-fieat,  and  wept 
and  aobbed  like  a  child— the  first  time  for 
m^uiy  years,  I  could  not  help  feeling  angry 
with  them  both.  «  Oh  !^'  thought  I,  "  Tom 
Lawton,  you  were  right  in  thinklnij  that  I 
ahould  never  pardon  you  for  this.  You  have 
taken  away  the  one  hope  of  my  life,  1  shall 
hate  you  while  1  live.  Lucy,  alao,  I  hhime ;  but 
ny  anger  ia  chiefly  with  "you.  In  oi-der  to 
ihield  you,  she  would  have  told  me,  poor 
:lu]d,  that  she  only  waa  to  blame  ;  but  I  know 
better.  You  have  laid  auares  for  her,  itnd  in- 
veigled her  ;  your  heart  told  you  that  you  Imd, 
when  you  nut  the  worda  into'  my  moiith." 
^  I  walked  aljuut  and  jwtt  dowu  again  several 
times,  1  rroaned  aloud,  for  my  lieart  was 
Bwellcd  almost  to  bursting.  So  I  continued 
for  Bume  time  iiercely  ilenounciug  my  rival  to 
myself;  but  that  ui^ht,  upon  my  bed,  when  1 
WHS  worn  otit  with  my  piission,  a  better 
feelmg  came  upon  me.  I  grew  more  oalm 
and  resigned  to  my  misfortune.  I  s,'tw  how 
UBeleas — nay,  how  wrong,  would  be  all  perse- 
cution ;  and  I  felt  that  it  wfw  natural  tliat 
the  young  should  love  the  youug  befi^re  the 
old.  So,  witb  a  sorrowful  and  humbled 
spirit,  I  resolved  to  encourage  them  and 
luring  about  their  union.    God  knows  how 


much  the  i-esolutiou  cost  me ;  but  it  brought 
with  it  a  certain  pexice  of  iiiisi.l — -^  r.oiMriiniu- 
ness  of  doing  rightly— wbi  *  in 

my  i>ur|KH»e.    I  would  not  ^  i     _  my 

reHolutiou  should  waver.  In  ihe  tiiorning  I 
walketl  into  the  parlour,  and  *nfldiiig  Tom 
Lawton  follow  me,  stood  there  before  him  and 
Lucy.  Tom  looked  pale,  as  if  ho  dren^ied  my 
anger, 

"  I  expect,"  aaid  I,  **  a  direct  answer  to  what 
I  am  gomg  to  ask  you.  Have  you  not  given 
your  laith  to  one  another  I  " 

Tom  turned  paler  stUl ;  but  Ln.  \  .mcwpped 
before  he  could  say  a  word,  anl  all, 

said  she  took  the  blame  up<ni  but 

Tom  interropted  her,  exclaiming  that  he  only 
waa  to  blame. 

"Tliere  is  no  blame  attach<>d  to  either,'* 
said  T,  "  except  for  a  little  concealment,  for 
which  I  uardon  you.** 

Tlius  tar  I  had  done  the  duty  which  I  had 
Bet  before  me  ;  but  I  did  not  feel  it  to  b? 
completetl  till  they  were  marrie<l. 

About  three  months  after  I  gave  my  per- 
mission, and  the  day  was  fixe*L  J  s«.iw  them 
the  happiest  creatures  upon  earth.  Tin  v  never 
knew  my  secret.    That  Tom  ^  i<?d 

it,  and  tliat  it  was  to  that  ht;  i  beu 

he  was  speaking  to  Lucy  in  t^  >ind 

never  doubted  ;    though  the  ilh 

v/hich  I  had  befriended  t*  \ed 

him.    He  liail  taken  a  smiili  *ry- 

thin^  waa  ready.  But,ontbuau\  "noiv  lUetr 
wedding,  my  heart  failed  roe.  I  knew  then 
that  I  had  never  ceased  to  V-"  ■'  1  ■'  "'<'l  T 
could  not  endure  the  thought  o! 
I  felt  that  I  must  go  away  uiii  i 
past ;  so  I  gave  out  that  I  had  suddenly  re- 
ceived a  suiumons  to  go  into  the  countrj',  and 
thiit  it  was  my  wish  that  the  marriage  should 
not  be  delayed  on  that  account.  That  night 
I  went  away,  not  caring  whither. 

I  know  what  were  my  thourjhts  in  thoM 
two  days  that  I  was  al»aent.  IVhen  I  re- 
turned, the  Hall  was  f?ilent — Lucj*  was  goue  ; 
and  I  waa  agiiiu  alone  In  the  old  place. 

I  remain  there. 


AtERCY. 

OoD  looked^ and  smilod,  upon  the  wakeoing  csuth— 
In  fortn»  power, motion,  wondrous  and  comulete— 
Which,  in  the  Aush  snd  beauty  of  new  birth, 

Bi^etahted  the  H^m  of  ether  at  Hia  feet ; 
EartU  with  compoiuon-worldfli  that  throbbed  and 

Bhono 
With  warmth  on  d  light  transmitted  from  His  throas^ 
On  noiseless  axles  ever  spinning  round, 
And  moving  evermore  along  the  vast  profound. 

He  called  to  Hira  three  miniflteTS,  who  wiiit 
Unceasing  on  His  wise  and  sovereign  will, 
Servants,  and  yet  partaken  of  His  state. 

And  watchers  of  all  humoa  good  and  iU ; 
An  AugoUahapod  Triumvirate  they  seemed, 
Wboee  lofly-throu6d  forcheods  ever  beamed, 
August  in  presence  as  thej  ore  in  cniiic, 
And  clothed  In  flowing  robes  of  maay -coloimd 
flame. 


Juatice  wna  one,  in  aspect  calm  and  co1d« 

With  a  Fcvtrc,  yot  not  opprcsalYG  mi 
Another,  Truth,  with  brow  sublimc^v  l 

And  onwar»l  lookA,  nil  mdiont  and  a  i  -  ic  , 
Tbo  loBfc  ymM  Mercy,  whose  oonaoHns  oycB 
Gati^ht  the  reflection  uf  colestifli  iki«i* 
With  n  bGuignant  and  bcBOocbing  fiiico, 
And  wedded  Lftndjs  upiiutied  vritb  bUppHcfttitiggraoo. 

"  Let  ua  mnke  diaDj,  for  !o  f  yon  lovely  Bphere, 

^Vhich  in  its  amplitude  of  orbit  rolls, 
SliAll  be— ye  bright  Intelligences,  hoar  !— 

Place  of  probation  for  imiuorkil  souk ; 
Tbero  ahall  be  d  ^" "  » '  - ' '^  shall  ho  rule  and  rcigii> 
Y«t  not  exemi <  t  lI non  and  pain, 

Biit  decifcined,  im  if^;^ea  and  his  stonnB^ 

To  people  bouudlc^  hoavta  with  oouutlcaa  angol- 
ronna." 


"  Ob,  tnakfi  him  not  I  "  criod  Jha*  ice ;  **  I  ibresce 

That  he  will  tmtnplo  on  Thy  K^crod  laws — 
Donbt,  question,  violate.  Thy  great  decree. 
Feel  lua  own  beings  yet  deny  itB  Cause.'' 
"Oh,  nsake  him  not! "  cried  Truth,  "for  he  will  toil 
*G(iinst  Thoe  and  me,  and  ruthle^y  de«poil 
Tliy  sanctuiiriea  ;  grow  con-upt  and  vain, 
Wurahip  himself,  and  scorn  Thy  evcrkfiUng  ^o.*^ 

"Create  th'^^  .^    .  ..r.  k^.;^„.    n-v^ous  Lord  I  " 
Said  gc  ring  look — 

"Andlw  trcoiouB  Word, 

The  prccepu  of  Thy  ycX  uawritten  Book ; 
My  Vidoe  ahall  move  him  with  mygterioua  power, 
My  wings  ihall    V    '  '  '     :  in  the  periXomi  hour; 
1 1l  obedCf  sub  1  ,  lua  bettt  I  can, 

Tbewml  whidi  i '.  breathe  into  the  form 

of  Man." 

"Even  so  be  it  !  "    And  Man  sfenughtway  was  bom, 

Eichly  endued,  and  full  of  joy  and  trust ; 
Serene,  pure,  happy,  waa  hid  early  mom. 

Till  the  dread  Tempter  bowed  him  to  the  duat; 
Then,  fibamc  and  sorrow,  and  recurrent  ain, 
Shook  luB  V  •   10,  soiled  the  shrine  within  ; 

But  Merc.  ud  God  Bent  him  light 

To  cheer  i  ,-, ,  oul,  and  lead  hia  stops  aright 

TheUf  take  the  Angel  to  thine  home  and  hearty 

Aad  with  her  walk  along  the  patha  of  life; 
list  to  her  teachingi ;  leom  the  exalted  art 

Wbich  conquers  hatred,  pre^judioe,  and  strife. 
Kot  Truth,  not  Justice,  must  we  put  away. 
But  loan  towards  Morcy  whensoc'er  wo  umy ; 
Forgive  our  brother,  be  QunnlveB  forgiven, 
And  thus,  by  geuUo  deeds^  d»w  down  the  smile 
of  Heaven. 


FATHER  THAMES. 

It  was  a  dusky  evening  in  the  latter  end  of 
aTitunm,  with  a  mizzling  rain,  when  I  pnased 
up  the  Strand,  and  turned  into  the  ghxtmy 
archway-entranec  of  old  smoke-dried  St:»nier- 
»et  House,  I  was  in  a  meditative  mood. 
Having  nothing  to  do,  wliicb  ia  a  circum- 
stance that  constitutes  (though  I  do  not  by 
any  means  rocommend  it  as  a  general  rule), 
one  of  the  beat  Aida  to  Beflection,  I  began  vety 
alowlv — over-coat  buttoned  close  np — arms 
folded — eye«  bent  upon  the  moist  flag-stouea 
— with  heavy,  pausing  paces,  to  perambulate 
Ihc  ijjuaflningle*  How  long  I  continued  doing 
thns,  or  what  waa  the  main  aubject  of  ray 


tboughts,  it  is  not  neccsp^rv  to  relate  :  aufllcrt 
it  to  say  that,  almost  uj 
Ij^eside  the  paranet  Wi 

stone  figure  of  Father  iii;iiiii  ,  v.  il^«  \>  p  xhl- 
ing  down  into  the  dark  depths  of  the  pcmi- 
oireular  vault,  pit,  or  basement,  beneath. 
With  closed  hands,  and  elbowB  lodged  agmnst 
the  edge  of  the  parapet,  I  leaned  my  head 
upon  my  handa,  qiuetly  cmshing  in  thi^ 
frvjut  of  my  hat,  until  I  hnd  attained  the 
thinking  attitude  I  meditated.  This  becng 
accompRshed.  and  no  policeman  chancing  to 
pass  near,  wno  might  have  thought  himself 
justified  in  taking  charce  of  me  m  a  gentle- 
mim  in  an  "abnormal"^  state  of  mind*  my 
lutditation  progreascd  at  a  ffrcat  rate. 

The  duration  of  this  Lb  immaterial  to  my 
stoiy  ;  all  I  know  is,  that  I  -wna  aroiuied  by  a 
sound — soft  and  trickling  at  first,  and  then 
bulibling  and  pouring,  and  felling  with  a 
quick  succession  of  sphiahes.  A  -warm  vapour 
at  the  same  time  began  to  steal  underneath 
my  hat,  and  bedew  my  cheek-bone«5j.  I  mifod 
my  head.    The  great  smoke''    V  '    ut 

figure  of  Father  Thamei*  was  -^ 

at  me  with  a  grim,  gaunt  hi  '»'jt  of 

the  month  of  his  huge,  1'  um,  a 

thick  hot  stream  of  no  dct.:....  .  ur  waa 
now  rapidly  pouring  forth,  and  f;illing  with  a 
loud  noise  to  the  bottom  of  the  deep  and 
dai-k  semi-cinmlar  area  below. 

To  this  his  great  fore-finger  pointed  with 
more  than  nsnal  significance.  The  clock  of 
St.  Mary-le-Strand  now  tolled  six,  and  while 
the  echo  in  the  court  below  was  still  vibi-ating, 
a  great  voice,  very  like  the  distant  sound  of  a 
captain  on  deck  calling  out  throucfh  hia 
speaking  tnimpet  to  aomebody  on  snore- 
exclaimed  **  Good  evening*  Mr.  Beverage !  will 
you  take  a  cun  of  tea  with  Old  Thames  ! " 

I  sank  bacKward  a  pace  at  this  ad<lress. 
I  am  a  great  tea-drink  ex,  it  la  true,  but  I 
could  not  feel  otherwise  thim  overcome,  at  the 
moment,  by  the  tremendous  cordiality  of  this 
invitation- '  I  looked  upward  at  the  shadowy 
coujitenance  of  the  Q[iAnt.  The  grotesque  fea- 
tares  had  relaxed  into  a  gwxl-huraoiired 
though  still  a  very  grim  smile ;  and,  while 
hia  inverted  urn  atUl  continued  to  vomit  forth 
the  stream,  a  strong  odour  of  various  kinds, 
in  which  that  of  Ua  might  be  detected — or,  at 
any  rate,  imagined — roae  in  clouda  of  vapoxir 
from  the  deep  semicircular  abvas  to  which  hia 
forefinger  so  significantly  pointe<l  l(^  indeed, 
I  did  not  take  a  draught,  I  certainly  found  i% 
impoasible  to  avoid  inhaling  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  infusion.  It  was  by  no  means 
to  my  liking. 

Again,  the  great,  distant  sounding  speakir  o:- 
trumpet  voice  echoed  over  the  quadrangk- — 
**  Mr.  Beverage,  will  jon  take  a  jolly  g»:>od 
cup  of  tea  ? " 

The  stupendous  familiarity  of  this  renewed 
invitation  did  not  place  me,  by  any  means,  §<► 
mudi  at  my  ease  as  was  intended  ;  I,  how 
ever,  summoned  sufficient  Iwldneas  to  reply,— 
'*  Ob,  Father  of  Bivcra  I    I  am,  indeed,  a  ^isTf 


MO 


HOUSEttOLD  WOEDS. 


rCo«tdact«4  Of 


couAlderaLIe  tca-drinkcrt  and  I  tbauk  you  for 
the  bi^h  ail  J  tmlooked-for  favour  of  this  your 
inviUilioti ;  but,  pardon  me,  moet  venerable  of 
l^iver-iieitiea,  if  I  add,  tbat,  kv>iiig  already 
iubide*]  ft  good  '  taste  of  your  auality,'  a  ccr- 
taiii  little  scruple  interfei'es  witli  my  avaUbog 
luyeeli"  of  further  favours." 

**  Spe&k  it  aloud  tu  the  Metropolis  !  ^*  said 
Fat] If  r  Thamea. 

"  Do  not  think  me  ungrateful,"  said  I, 
*'  uur  by  aoy  Tueiiiia  LoaensiBle  of  the  honour 
you  do  me  ;  but  the  truth  ia,  that,  although 
I  tbiuk  more  tea  than  motst  men,  prolitawy 
than  auy  other  gentleman  in  London,  I  am 
ratlier  acruijuloua  n»  to  the  water  I  mxtke  it 
with." 

"  Indeed ! "  exdainied  the  Mver-god ;  "  then 
come  with  me,  and  I  will  show  you  the  masr 
nillceut  broad  stream  frvim  which  my  urn  u 
ooutttjuxtiy  tillod. ' 

A  great  torch  flushed  l»efore  my  eyes ! — 
then  another  ! — then  three  or  foui' !— then  a 
dojccn  were  dancing  round  nie,  and  waving 
me  onwaidj  and  idong  with  them — now  thiij 
way,  now  tijat,  now  up,  now  deaceudUig 
idippt^ry  ftteps— tUl  I  found  myaelf  seated  in 
a  huge  diirk  buriii!,  with  Father  Ttuunea,  and 
float  lu^  alowlv  down  the  stream  by  tordi' 
light, 

**  How  black  and  BoHd  Btands  the  forest  of 
fthip]>ing  on  each  aide  ! — how  iBrgti  and  black 
lie  their  ahadowa  on  tlie  water  I — how  the 
liybts  j;;l:tiice  fitjiu  the  windows  on  the  shore ! 
— how  fuAl  the  current  runa  !  Commerce — 
comxucl^!e  ! — but,  what  is  that  ffoating  by  I — 
pfih  I  it '«  a  dead  dog^  or  sometliing— '  a  sort 
of  not-of-tlie-newL'st  poor-john!'  How  very 
thick  the  water  ia  hereabouta,  Father  Thames  ; 
and,  ]>ray,  may  I  inQuire  what  tliat  bhiek, 
eluggiah  iitream  may  oe  which  I  aue  fMuiring 
into  yon  from  a  wide,  brick tul  ardiway, 
yoiider  ?" 

'*  Oh,  tliat  *a  one  of  my  aewers^"  replied  the 
Father  of  Rivers,  without  turning  hia  head, 
"  my  Bbtckfriai*  suwej-outlet ;  and  a  fine, 
generous,  open  fellow,  he  hj." 

*'  So  he  seema,"  said  I ;  **  have  you  any  more 
of  them  r 

''  Oh,  yea  :  one  generally  near  evcjy  bridge, 
with  lieiHJ  and  there  another,  au«l  another, 
HiMf.  iu>  the  fjuantity  of  sewage  in  a  ncigh- 
bt>uihood  Ims  deteiruined.  They  all  come 
to  me.  I  have,  in  tict,  a  hundred  and  forty- 
on«  b4.«wers  between  lijittersea  and  London 
Bridtfti.     All  come  to  me,  ah*." 

"That  a  very  kind  of  them.  But  what 
aro  thotie  smaller  moutha  that  send  forth 
elrangc  party-coloured  currents  to  mingle 
with  your  waters  ?" 

'•  That  one  belongs  to  a  Boap-boiler — a 
particukr  friend  of  mine ;  the  next  to  it,  ia 
from  a  slaughter  house,  kept  bv  a  very  esti- 
mable friend  indecfl,  who  wouldn't  allow  a 
particle  of  the  refuse  and  drainage  of  his 
yhixIb  to  run  anywhere  ehje,  on  any  account. 
Frt>ru  Brentibrd  down  to  Blackwall,  every- 
Wiy  presents  hia  compliments  Ut  me.    Those 


other  agreeable  littlu  outletjs  you  are  )4X)kiug 
at,  or  wiU  shortl}'  aee,  on  both  sidea  of  my 
bjinka,  are  from  gas-factories,  brewhouaea, 
shot-factories,  coal-whaHk,  oow-houaes,  tau- 
pitja,  gut-«j>innei'9,  fish -markets,  and  other 
eheei-ful  and  odoriferous  tributaries  ;  while 
the  iidcy  flood  yonder  which  your  eyee  arc 
now  fixed  uiwn,  is  from  a  x'ery  populoun 
grave-yard,  wniehprudn  ^       :  a«|uantity 

of  liquid  every  four-an>  I  lur^  that  it 

hfis  to  be  drained  off  by  i^^,^.,..  ^^a  iimgetnieutf 
and  made  to  flow  into  my  convenient,  idl- 
embntcini;  boaooL  Some  peopl*  ;iif>  j;t  totttra 
up  their  noses  ai  this ;  but  t'  rpon^ 

tiona  are  more  wine  than  nic>  /  know 

better." 

I  was  silent  for  »om(>  time,  m  we^ll  I 

for 


'-'  ^.■- it  ion 

m  the  coa- 
Ud  one 
<3ently 
..    ,  ,>i. ......  v^os  im 

I  drew  it  up,  and 
T   m.'LV  H;n  — V* Itb  a 


1>^  after  anch  a  do 

people  ;*'  and  durn 

versation,  I  had   i 

ami  over  the  side 

ray  hand,  by  a  awch  u.   . 

mciTsed  alntve  the  wriHt. 

found  it  covereil — (x».\te<l 

thick,  dingy,    '  :  r, 

Cijizing  on  th'  .1, 

I  saw  that  we   were  ouitwouiifd    l»y  wiic»le 

acres  of  it     I  looked  at    the  imjierturbable 

countenance  of  Father  Thami-*. 

"  What  in  the  world  ia  all  thi«  V  tmid  L 

"The  me«  we  are  paanii  .  t,  ?**  pfr- 

sponded  the  giant  coolly;—  only  a 

httle  acum  derived  from   )►  I    lime- 

works,  and  colliers,  and  the  round 

us,  and  bone^ffrinders,  and   ..-.   i.:^  and 

dredging^madimes,  and  stcanicrii,  and  back- 
gardens,  and  floating  remains  of  creatUFSS 
from  knackers'  yards,  and  rotting  vegetable^ 
and  what  not.** 

"And  what  not,  In.ked,  Father  Thame* T 
cried  I,  starting  u]x,  unite  unaUc  to  endure  Ifc 
any  longer  ;  "  is  this  tlie  water  vou  make  your 
tea  with  1" 

"  And  do  all  ray  cooldug  with,*'  continued 
Old  Thames,  taking  no  sort  of  notice  of  my 
dismay  and  excitement ;  "  and  all  my  wash- 
ing. I  have  done  so,  you  must  know  very 
well,  for  yeai-s  and  years — ^my  water  being  ta 
Just  the  same  state  as  you  now  see  it.  Bo&'l 
all  our  iihiij«,  bound  to  foreign  portd,  fill  their 
tanka  with  it  I  and  don't  they  find  it  keep 
cjood  a  wonderful  length  of  time  !  It  has,  to 
be  sure,  to  putrifkr  once,  during  which  time 
sailors  who  are  thiraty  on  a  hot  *iay  in  the 
tropics,  have  to  m  into  a  dark  comer  to  drink 
it,  stniiiiing  it  through  theii*  teeth  Jta  it  goes 
down  ;  but  iifter  all  the  <jueer  stn^^'  ^'-■^  -'tnk 
to  the  lottom  of  the  tnuks,  anil  r 

good,  everyliody  says  there  '*  no  w :  it. 

So  now — aliM^ut  barge — we  '11  return  home  to 
Somei-set  House  to  tea  !  " 

"  Father  Thames,"  aaid  I,  firndy,  though 
with  every  respect;  "  Fiither  Thiimea,  ill 
drink  a  single  cap  of  your  tea,  then— to  quote 
the  words  of  the  immort'U  Falstaff^  who  knew 
a  trick  worth  two  of  it — *  fillip  m£  wiAtl  A 
tliree^man  beetle,'  *' 


"  Why,  Kow  tu)W,  Mr,  Beverage  I — ^what  is 
the  nkoBJiiog  of  tJiis  1 " 

*'  Yoa  reiibj  must  exeii&e  m«— I  oatCt  diiuk 
Tou.r  tea." 

"Wliynot?" 

''  I  may  be  thought  too  dBcmpuLous  by  my 
r  '  U,  as  to  the  water,  out  in  truth! 
hort,  IwonV 
« /li,  air  Beverage,  of  Rockwell !  this  fine 
geatlemaa  most  be  j'our  fanciful  descendant ! 
Scrupulous  abcwit  ihe  water  you  drink  !  '*  ex- 
ohumed  Old  Thames ;  "  of  course,  then,  you 
are  not  a  Londoner — Oiev  don't  mind  what 
they  dnnk.  A  genuine  Londoner  can  stand 
anythiog,  and  for  any  number  of  yeara.^' 

"  I  ara  fuUy  persuaded  of  it,"  answered  I ; 
**  but  Uiere  must  be  changes  in  all  thiuga, 
£ven  Londoaera — and  l«ft  me  &&mre  you  that 
I  am  one — even  Londoners  will  some  day  or 
either  come  to  a  determination  to  have  a  purer 
■trfani  to  their  kettles  :md  uma,  than  is  at 
present  fuj-niahed  by  your  l^vei-ahip's  noble 
eurrent.  We  live  in  a  time  of  chances^  aud 
even  vou  cannot  much  longer  escape  them."' 

*'•  Changes !  '*  exclaimed  the  Father  of  Biveis 
— '^  thfifre  you  touch  me  to  the  -wery  mud ;  for 
what  changes  have  I  not  undergone,  of  which 
this  generation,  and  the  one  before  it,  have 
not  only  no  memory,  but  no  idea.  I,  however, 
know  it  too  welL" 

**  Ah,  do  you  «o  I — ptray  unboeom  yourself, 
Great  Itiver ! " 

**  Changes^  M^  V^y-^^f*  !«^here  yoa  reach 
the  bottom  of  i  old  heart,  and  make 

m»  oonfesa  hov  my  iudifierenoe,  how- 

ever I  may  be  hardened  by  long  habit,  is 
assumed.  I,,  in  some  measure,  pretend  not  to 
cnre  for  those  abomioatious,  l>ecauae  I  oknnot 
help  them.  The  City  loves  tbem ;  the  seven 
DiiOriet  Commit  oners  of  Sewers,  long  che- 
rislied  them  ;  the  West-end  tunw  up  it«  uoee 
at  mention  of  them,  and  walks  away ;  alder> 
men  scream  out  agaiiui  innoratioii  aud  puri- 
fication— wh&t  hopehav«I}  1  don't  pretend 
that  I  was  ever  a  pellucid  stream — a  cryst^ 
current  such  oa  paBtoral  poets  delight  to 
4i«senb6^— no  great  river,  with  much  shipping 
or  other  watcr-tmfiic  upon  it,  ever  can  be 
dear ;  but  it  may  be  a  va^^t  deal  clearer  than 
my  present  condition — ay,  purer  bc^ODd  all 
cominuisou  as  1  1  doubt," 

**  riirdou  in.  Mver,  said  I,  "  if  I 

ask  hoAv  this  chjum  i>e  ,  lur  did  not  the  sewers 
empty  themselves  into  you  foiinerly  as  they 
do  n^  r' 

"  Ves,"  said  Old  Thames,  "they  certainly 
did  ;  but  theu  their  stream  was  not  wliat  it 
now  is.  Formerlv,  the  sewers  were  rain- 
coursea — mere  land  aud  surface  dndna ;  they 
wtsre  for  water  only,  and  if  anybody  threw  a 
d**sd  <^t  into  me,  an  old  pair  of  boota,  a  bul- 
^  >;d,   or    any  other    refuse,    he  wojb 

]  by  the  law." 

iv  iiiTu   then   did  the   house^rains  have 
their  outlets  \  "  I  ajudously  inquired. 

"  IIo uae-draina — our  ancefitora  houik^drains  i 
^4iai  ha!  ha!''  kughed  Father  Thiuuea— 


'^  why,  they  had   none.    The  very  id^  had 
never  occurred  to  them." 

"  Aji  extensive  system  of  oeesjioola,  then," 
said  I,  '•  like  our  own,  till  very  rtjoently  I " 

'^  Not  even  so  decent  as  this.  Every  house 
took  care  of  itself^  after  its  own  sweet  will, 
and  l\\e  paflocngeni  in  the  streets,  especially 
at  night,  nad  abo  to  take  care  of  themselves, 
and  run  sometimes,  £k>r  their  lives,  when  they 
heard  a  window  opened  above  them.^' 

u  Very  much  in  the  same  way  as  in  some 
parts    of   Sootland    at    the    present 
said  L 

^  I  know  nothing  of  the  Scotch 
works,"  said  Old  Thames: — '^I  have  always 
had  enough  to  do  with  my  own  afiairs.  What 
with  one  tributary  aud  auother*  esch  bringing 
fresh  trouble  into  my  waten,  I  am  sometimes 
almost  sick  of  my  life— especially  in  the  dog- 
days — when — a  painful  subject  that  of  dogs, 
for  they  suggest  cats  and  kittenei  and  other 
varieties,  with  or  without  brickbats  round 
their  necks.  One  hot  summer^ti  day,  half  a 
horse,  that  used  to  di-aw  the  Lord  Mayor^a 

coach,  came  float but  I  shall  spoil  your 

tea ;  let  a  change  the  current  of  our  discoune." 

I  now  proposed  that  we  should  converse  a 
little  on  the  dif^rent  Water  Companies  of  the 
Metropolis.  At  mention  of  these.  Father 
Thames  sank  back  against  a  hulk-head  and 
laughed  aloud.  "  Where  do  you  think  the 
Water  Companies  derive  their  supplies  from  I " 
aaid  he« 

"From  beautiiiil,  unpolluted,  clear  rivers, 
rising  in  the  rural  dhstricts;,''  answered  1,  with 
frank  innocence. 

"  Shall  I  give  you  the  source  aud  deriva- 
tion of  each  of  them  ?  ** 

"  I  shall  feel  «Kceedin;]:1y  obliged  to  you," 
answered  I,  in  some  In  1  iliuii,  for  I 

began  to  fear  that  nxy  t*  wa^  likely 

to  be  troubled  by  his  inlurmiiuoti. 

^Then,  behold  in  me  that  source,"  said 
Father  Thames,  "  /,  Sir^  /  am  that  >>«iutiful, 
unpolluted,  clear  river,  from  whicli  the 
greatest  part  of  them  derive  theix  supplies. 
8ome  of  these  are  peculiarly  t^ivourea  by 
circumstances;  The  Southwark  Company, 
and  the  Vauxhall  Company  take  their  stock 
in  trade  from  me  near  YauxhaU, — a  neigh- 
bourhood which  constantly  presents  me  with 
so  abundant  a  supply  of  the  most  objec* 
tionable  contribntious,  that  it  is  no  wonder 
the  water  of  these  two  coiu|uuiies  should 
furnish  the  mass  of  microsci:»pic  monsters 
which  have  recently  ooeupied  the  attention  of 
Mr.  Arthur  Hill  Hassall.  The  Lambeth 
Company  tilk  its  piped  from  me  at  Lambeth, 
fiunous  for  the  grand  outlet  of  a  ciipscious 
sewer,  hard  by.  lu  this  way  do  the  Water 
C'Ompanies  wisely  cater  for  the  l^ndoo 
public.     You  see,  they  know  you^^ste." 

*^ Taste! — I  beg,  Father  ThamS,  you  will 
make  me  an  exception  to  any  such  taste. 
My  heart  resents — i  may  say,  rises  at  it." 

*^Weli,  well — I  don't  very  much  wonder. 
You  ai*e  not  so  well  seasoned  to  it 


^ 


HOUSEHOLD  WOEDS. 


{CmAuMeitir 


people.  Afi  for  me,  I  am  well-nigh  grown 
calloua,  Ihiing  homlmas  of  nmeiKliuinit  Ainiilst 
the  iiiaimN.*ie  unJ  prevaricatiug  jirocess  of  all 
Government  legtslatiou  on  the  matter.  To 
whiit  eml  nj'e  till  the  elaborately  prtparocl 
reports  of  llie  lioard  of  Health  ; — to  what 
en  J  '  "  '  "  "  I  >  H  of  Sewers  lay  their 
he.'i  \  ^ own  ])ipegs  anil  hst cii 

wlini-  111-  ii  nLM.-iai>  iii.yA  down  the  law; — 
to  what  end  do  surveyors  tmd  clerka  cjwiy 
each  othei"  pick-a-back  through  the  main 
sewers  once  a  week^  to  guAge,  and  weigh,  and 
Bnitt!,  and  anuff  about,  at  their  lives*  perils — 
if,  aft^er  all,  my  Lord  Do-notliing  sita  in  the 
highest  chmr^  vvipiu^  his  Bpectaclea  and  clear- 
ing hii?  throat,  and  reducing  everybody  to  hiB 
own  condition  of  inactivity  i '* 

"  ]•  'in  your  remai'ka  ou  the  Water 

Con  I  except  the  New  River  f " 

^'liiL  .>f_^v  River  Company  derives  ita 
supply  from  gnrin^ns,  called  its  '  Heail/  which 
may  lie  simply  dei^cribed  au  a  small  j^ool, 
fiUtnl  from  a  narrow  ditch  full  of  weeds 
and  lialf-auimated  planta,  and  ftwanna  of 
animal  cul«3  in  great  variety  of  ugly  ahapca, 
which  often  ride  from  the  surface  and  diaphiy 
themiiclves  in  cioudH  along  the  margin.  In- 
diifertmt  aa  these  springs  must  therefore  be, 
as  to  purity*  the  supply  is  not  limited  to 
themt  but  assisted  from  the  River  Lea.  It 
has  als4:>  an  accession  to  its  volumo  from  a 
well  and  two  reeervoirs  at  Cheshunt  (cleared 
out  and  cleanseil  once  in  twelve  years),  and 
it  used  to  derive  a  final  supply  In  aid  from 
my  Tutiters  fdoug  Upper  Tliauies  Street  (con- 
venient to  Billiuiigatv!),  where  they  still  keep 
up  their  'works,'  in  caae  of  need,  and  people 
cfo  9ny,  dtc.  The  long  canal^  ingeniously  de- 
nominated New  River^  is  also  a  famout^  place 
at  numerous  HpoU  for  bathing.  There's 
nothing  unwholesome  in  bath-water,  is  there  ?** 

"  Hay  I  request,  Father  Thames,  thut  you 
will  put  me  as^hore  ? " 

"To  teaf**well,  you  need  not  make  no 
ahooking  a  grimace,  Mr.  BeveraL^e.  You  can 
get  no  better  tea-water  in  Loudon.  Rut  I'll  add 
a  word  or  two.  The  East  London  Company 
takes  its  supply  from  the  Lea,  which  is  joined 
by  several  small  rivers  ;  and  in  its  course 
nuis  Uirougb  three-aud-tweuty  small  towns 
and  vdhiges,  most  of  which  use  the  water  for 
various  purposea  of  washing  and  bathing  ; 
and  some  of  them  drain  their  sewers  into  it. 
Mor<?uver,  the  Lea  is  a  barge-river ;  and  aa 
bai'gemeu  and  their  famiiiea  are  proverbial 
for  the  elegance  and  refinement  of  their 
habitti,  nobody  but  your  over-nice  people 
c?ouid  oTyect  to  drink  after  them.  The  Lea 
rvAcheK  my  stream  neai'  BlackwaH^  and  half 
of  its  water  is  in  fact  derived  from  me.  Stop  ! 
I  have  not  done.  Tlie  H&mpstead  —  ^ 
What's  the  matter?" 

"Oh,  FaUer  Thames  P  cried  I,  "it's  a 
wonder  and  a  tnei^y  we  are  not  all  poisoned. 
We  Londoners  have^  for  the  most  part,  a 
very  pale  look — and  here 's  the  cause,  I  do 
beheve.** 


As  I  said  tliiR,  a  vpression  1  lighted 

up  the  face  of  tii'  :       >a;  and    ron.-Uii^ 

himself  from  his  indt»lt;iii  reoumb.  ^ 

barge,  he  suddenly  excl/dmed,  ^*  \  ! 

yes,  vengeance,  Mr,  Riverage  !  It  U  true 
that  I  have  become  hardened  to  all  these 
outrages,  and  .-almost  calluus  ;  but,  Sir,  I  have 
some  feeling  Ici't  ;  ;ind  though  I  would  not 
myself  condescend  to  b«  x-indiclive  ou  the 
populations  whom  ]  hart«  so  long  reared  in 
oonmiercial  proBperity,  yet  you  camiot  ex- 
pect me  to  aned  tears  over  the  punishment 
which  they  bring  u]ion  themHelv^eii.  For 
erQty  dead  dog  nud  cat  that  is  I3ung  into  my 
bosom,  there  *a  a  ty|)hu8  patient — perltrnp^  a 
dozen ;  for  every  slaiighter-houAc,  i  < 

or  graveyard  near  my  banks,  thei  t 

scarlet  fever  patientB — ^perhajn  a  humiroi ; — 
for  every  mam  lewer  draining  into  ma,  tiieiti» 
is  a  legion  of  cholera  patients,  in  due  senKdk. 
I  have  been  deeply  injured,  but  I  am  ampl^JT 
avenged." 

The  barge  waa  again  nearly  abioairt  of 
Somerset  House,  and  the  time  was  at  hand 
for  me  to  go  ashore.  Tlie  grand  tone  ol 
rnebincholy  which  Old  Thames  hail  now  (all«ii 
into,  with  the  absence  of  any  pcnonal  aagtr 
at  all  his  years  of  ill-UHi^e^  gavt»  me  a& 
additional  interest  in  him.  Though  I  cei^* 
tainly  could  not  take  t«:a  witli  him,  I  yet  did 
not  like  to  lose  his  company. 

"  We  are  now  al^jut  to  part,  Mr.  Boverage," 
said  the  River^iyjiNl,  shouldnring  his  urn — '*! 
return  to  my  broad  pedestal  Ln  the  i^looray 
quadrangle — you  to  your  equally  solitiiry  tea. 

"  Neverthelei*s,  uh  Father  of  Rivers,"  sadd  L 
**  there  is  no  immediate  hurry.  Resides— I 
am  thinking." 

"  Of  wlmt,  Mr.  BevcFage?  Wh/  do  jwm 
Htand  and  muse  thunl  On  what  imoginaij 
cup  of  perfect  tea,  or  toast^and-water,  do  yoa 
speculate  r' 

"  On  one  made  with  esquMte  epring*water, 
of  which  I  have  recently  been  rf""ii"-  '♦ 

"  That  is  easily  founo— enu  n  and 

I,  and  a  friend  or  two;  but  _  outlet, 

my  throngs  of  London  people,  my  '  d 

of&pring — where  shall  we  find  t:n  t<i 

water  from  ix>ck  or  well,  or  land-^priug,  to 
supply  all  their  necessities  1 " 

'*  That  very  tiling  is  asserted  by  scientific 
men  who  have  recently  been  to  moke  tea 
there.  Boiled  some  beef  also — and  msde  a 
bowl  of  punch.    But  tea  'a  the  beft  teat." 

"  And  a  good  draught  of  the  Wftter  itself  th^ 
best  of  all — ^and  the  otdy  safe  guide  t " 

«  S/uia  we  go  there  1  ^ 

"Be  it  so;"  said  the  River-god,  **I  hava 
nothing  else  to  do,  but  pour  un,  and  pour 
down  currents,  and  my  time  will  be  as  well 
spent  in  this  visit,  as  in  lying  along  my  btono 
I^destal,  pointing  down  into  tlie  deep  base- 
ment." 

So,  again,  the  tojnohes  fladhed  around  ua, 
for    the    night  was    far    advaoQed,  and    up 

•  6m  Sir  Wrniuu  Ntptit'i  Eeport  on  Ui»B*cAot  SprlafL 


FATHER  THAMES. 


44d 


the  stream  we  went,  the  tide  hATing  jubI 
turned. 

Father  ThAmea  remained  silent  for  some 
time.  He  had  fallen  into  a  profound  raetlitatiou, 
which  I  could  not  venture  to  iDternipt  At 
length  he  broke  forth  into  the  following 
B  train  : — 

"  Tt*  pour  up,  and  pour  down  currents  for 
fxer — ^nothing  cJfle  remained  for  me,  did  I  eav  if 
Kothinjj  !— oh  yes,  there  is  the  Memory  of  tlie 
Past,  with  all  i't«  mighty  imngea.  Wlicre  are 
all  my  city  walln,  and  gains  ^  and  embattled 
towera,  ol  olden  time  I  Fallen — vauishetL 
Excepting  a  few  of  the  oldest  fragments  of  the 
Tower  of  London^  scarcely  a  stone  remains  of 
the  edifices  that  adorned  me  four  or  five 
hundred  ytsirs  ago.  Where  arc  the  numerous 
barges,  of  royal  slate  and  high  nobility,  that 
couatjmtly  moved  up  and  down  my  breast, — 
now  in  the  centre  of  my  stream,  (then  com- 
paratively pure,  and  never  offensive,)  now 
gliding  beneath  the  huge  overhanging  gables 
of  houses  on  my  banks  ?  Where  is  burly  old 
HaiTj*.  in  his  bai-ge — where  resolute  Queen 
Bess  in  hers — coming  down  the  stream  with 
Dags  flying,  aiid  trumpets,  shawms,  harps,  and 
divers  mstniments  of  minstrelsy  I  I  ask  not 
for  tht^e^  or  such  like  sovereigns  to  live  again, 
but  wh^e  arti!  their  representative*  ?  Wnere 
sut  all  my  fleets  of  snow-white  swans  I  Choked 
— sunk.  How  often  did  I  see  William  Shak- 
speare  and  his  troupe  coming  alonsj  in  his  boat 
to  ])lay  at  the  i>alaco  !  And  now  alf  this  is  over. 
I  ausk  not  affain  to  see  a  condemned  king  or 
qu«ea,  or  noble,  all  in  black  array,  sit  pale  in  a 
V.  1 .  LTge  to  the  Tower  d  ujigeon,  or  to  the 

vver  Hill ;  but  where  are  the  festive 
ii»..i  iiu>/iig8  to  replace  those  gloomy  aceues 
with  those  of  better  times  ?  Where  are  my 
paLaoes,  each  with  its  L'lnding-place,  and  steps 
— ^its  barges  and  boats,  worthy  of  all  tne 
romance  of  Venice  T  Transformed  to  wharfs 
for  boxes,  bales,  and  coal-barges.  Where  is 
the  Strand — with  its  flourisdiing  trees,  its 
doping  gardens,  its  turrets,  and  pinnacles  1 
All  its  ancient  beauty  is  jammed  into  brick- 
work and  shop-windowB.  Where  are  the 
forty  thousand  watermen  who  belonged  to 
me  f  *  Transmogrified  into  cabmen  and 
omnibus-drivers.  Where  are  all  their  songs  ? 
Forgotten — lost — all  excepting  those  of  my 
dear  son  John  Taylor,  the  water-ix)et,  who 
for  so  many  years  rowed  a  wherry  on  my 
stream,  and  wrot^  a  volume  of  poems  to  my 
honour.  The  decrease  of  his  calling  by  the 
gradual  innovation  of  coaches,  is  well  recorded 
by  my  son,  where,  in  1662,  he  sayeth — 

•  When  Queca  Elixabeth  camo  to  the  crown, 

A  oo;ich  ill  England  then  was  scarcely  known/ 

But  if,  in  his  day,  the  melancholy  trans- 
formation of  boats  into  land  carriages  had 
commenced,  how  must  I  observe  the  desertion 
now  ?  Still,  let  me  say,  I  am  not  ungrateful 
to  fate — I  do  not  repine  that  instead  of  meet- 
ing a  qneen,  or  a  noble,  or  a  dramatist  and 

•  Boo  Knighfi  Undem,  VoL  I ,  ••  Tba  Sllwnt  Hlghwuf ,'" 


his  play ti  '^  baj'ge  to  church,  or 

a  fleet   •  t«i   maiket,   1  now 

encounter  a  sii^'*8.^M4i  of  steamers,  s^'Vcral 
men-of-warj  great  merchant  ahif)3,  or  a  flo«t  ot 
colliers.  No — I  feel  that  I  am  not  only  the 
Father  of  Bivers — I  tun  the  Fath«:!r  of  Eni^^Urih 
Commerce.  This  supports  me — this  consoles 
me  ;  and  the  glories  oi  the  present  (though  I 
cannot  forgive — I  cannot  patiently  bear  the 
pollution  of  my  waters)  rewards  me  for  all 
my  labours,  and  enables  me  to  look  bock 
upon  the  past  without  too  deep  a  sorrow/' 

By  this  time  we  hjul  arrived  at  the  entrance 
of  tbe  river  Wey.  Tlje  torch -bearera  were 
now  dismissed  ;  they  retumed  rapidly  down 
the  streiun,  flashing  out,  one  by  one, — and  with 
a  gentle  swerve,  the  gre^it  black  bai^  paaeed 
thi'ough  the  mouth  and  went  rippling  onward, 
while  the  banks  and  borders  seemed  gradually 
to  close  in  as  we  proceeded. 

It  was  a  fine  dear  night.  The  stars  were 
out  in  myriads.  Following  the  windings  of 
the  river — now  between  ranks  of  dwarf  wil- 
lows— now  between  green  grassy  banks  and 
Klop6»~here  coming  dose  among  colonies  of 
oaiers — ^there  bruahuu^  against  squadrons  of 
bulrushes,  or  between  lengthy  marginal  fringes 
of  i-ustling  8e4ge,  the  bargie  of  Old  Thames 
pursued  its  course.  It  was  the  same  barge 
as  at  fii-st,  and  yet  it  seemed  a  smaller  one  ; 
for,  somehow,  it  had  imperceptibly  contracted, 
narrowing  and  shortening  itself  to  accomnio- 
date  its  form  and  size  to  the  changeable 
width  and  windings  of  the  river.  At  length 
it  came  to  a  stop.  Its  dai'k  broad  bows  were 
buried  in  a  low  green  bank. 

*'  We  can  go  afloat  no  further  here,"  said 
Father  Tluuues.  "But  come;  I  know  the 
place  you  have  mentioned,  and  have  been 
curious  to  visit  it  for  some  time.  If  all  be 
true  that  I  have  heard,  it  will  be  tlie  saving 
of  me,  as  it  will  of  the  lives  of  mOlions  who 
drink  me.  So,  jump  out  of  the  barge  and 
follow  nie." 

I  did  so  ;  and  in  the  morning  twilight^  with 
stars  still  shiuinff,  and  the  moon  sttU  visible, 
thouijh  pale  and  very  high,  Father  Thames 
led  the  way  along  green  marshy  patcht-s,  and 
over  wet  grnasy  lields,  and  moist  fallow  land, 
and  through  long  oozy  plota  of  rushes,  till 
finally  we  arrived  at  a  sandy  dlbtrict,  inter- 
spensed  with  Urge  heaths  and  stony  tracks, 
and  then  more  sands, — and  finally  a  region  of 
fresh  water  springs,  all  glancing,  and  bubbling, 
and  rippling  along,  like  pure  crystal,  ot  liquid 
silver,  or  rivulets  of  clear  light,  accoinling  to 
the  light  and  shade  that  fell  upon  them  ! 

The  Father  of  Rivers  stopped — looked  dowii 
at  the  bright  spouting  springs,  following  their 
several  courses  with  his  eye — now  in  one 
direction,  now  in  another ;  then  claspins  his 
liands,  and  raising  his  fibce  to  the  blush  of 
morning  now  tinguitt  the  east,  he  exclaimed 
aloud,  ''Heaven  amd  Earih  be  praised  J — 
there's  some  hope  for  Old  Thames,  and  for 
all  London  at  last !  Look  here  \—BJkd  look 
yonder ! — and  yonder  I   and  yet  attain  ther9 1 


450 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


{l^nlKfiM  t^ 


anil  there  !  and  yonder !  and  beyond  !  Tlicre 
art  filly  millions  of  gallons  anlay ! " 

He  'prmsed  a  moment ;  then  added,  "  My 
dear  Air.  Beverage  do  you  see  this  ? " 

**  I  du  !  I  do  !  venerable  River-god  !  "  I 
exdftlmed,  "  Fifty  miJUons  of  gallons  of  pure 
spring  wnter  a-dav  !  There 's  tea,  an<l  aaln- 
IjnotiH  drinks,  and  wholesome  cooking  for  all 
London  at  hint !  No  more  eniuhrion  of  dead 
dogft  and  what-not — no  more  Water  Company 
monopolies — no  more  c^ialms  of  nose  and  eye, 
and  others  to  follow  within — but  water,  tmch 
ad  Nature  intended  man  to  di-ink,  not  only 
savage  man,  but  civUised  man,  too,  if  he  will 
but  have  the  sense  to  value  the  blessinff. 

"  1  breathe  fresh  life,'*  ejaculated  the  Uiver- 
got^i,  devoutly ;  "I  rejoice  in  my  civilisation, 
and  in  the  soieneo  that  will  govern  it,  when 
Thani'^8,  bfing^  free  of  hia  pollutionB,  shall  be 
InmsLlf  again ! " 


I 


CHIPS. 

A  WOMAN'S  EXPERIENCE  IS  CAUFORNIA. 

Thb  voice  of  one  of  the  fair  sex  haa  not  yet 
been  heani  from  the  h-  ^  •"  '-'d  ;  but,  we  are 
now  able  to  print  e3ctr  i  letter  written 

by  a  young  woman  re^i  ._  i  re,  to  her  sister. 
She  ia  married,  and  lirst  went  ont,  it  would 
appear,  with  her  brother,  to  New  Zealand,  in 
tne  service  of  a  family  whose  fortunes  she,  her 
htisband,  and  her  brother,  followe^l  to  Stock- 
ton, in  California.  The  epistle  ia  dated  in 
Atigoat,  1849.  **  Dear  Rachael"  it  hwm, 
**  You  see  we  have  arrived  at  the  very  ^aee 
that  Cli  ri stopber  read  to  you  and  ine  about,  in 
one  of  the  London  pnpera.  At  the  time  he 
reail  it,  you  know,  I  mid  I  did  not  believe  in 
it ;  but  T  only  wiah  we  had  corae  here  twelve 
montha  sooner  ;  we  should  have  saved  a 
fortune.  This  ia  indeed  a  money-making 
place,  if  a  person  will  work.  You  will  be 
ivrnpi-ised  to  know  how  much  money  we  can 
earn.  I  do  my  own  work,  Jind  the  washing 
and  cooking  for  Mr.  T.  and  Mr.  S.,  and  draw 
from  eight  to  ten  pounds  per  week,  which  ia 
a  great  deal  for  a  woman  to  do  ;  but  if  I  had 
any  one  to  help  me,  I  could  do  treble  the 
work  I  now  do.  I  have  refused  a  great  deal 
of  good  work  ;  and  to  get  a  woman  or  girl 
here  to  help  me — I  may  aa  well  look  for  a 
needle  in  a  bottle  of  hay.  Now,  my  dear 
ilcter^  all  I  want  is  your  consent  to  come 
here  to  us,  Brother  and  Mr.  T.  have  long 
since  advised  me  to  send  for  you  ;  and  we 
would  open  a  nhnp — go  1o  San  Francisco  to 
bny  our  good.%  habenla-shery,  &e. — and  you 
would  soon  «ee  the  money  we  should  make  ! 
I  would  open  a  shop  now,  only  T  have  so 
much  work,  T  could  not  m-ana^e  it  rayaelf.  I 
don't  Buppose  you  are  married  ;  but  if  this  is 
the  caae,  and  you  come  here,  yoti  would  soon 
make  a  fortune,  there  is  so  few  females  here. 
I  am  treated  with  the  greatest  respect  by  the 
gentlumen  :  as  they  say  it  ia  auch  a  trent  to 
Sdk  to  a  lady,  and  particularly  to  an  English 


lady.  They  touch  their  liata,  and  shake 
hands  with  me,  and  treat  me  as  though  I 
waa  quite  the  lady,  *  Madam '  U  a  vast 
word  when  they  speak  to  rac.  1  never  waa 
treAted  with  more  civility  in  my  life. 

"  We  have  done  ns  well  tia*  better  than  any 
who  eaujeout  in  oui  ship.  We  int^uiil  si.ivInLr 
in  this  country,  if  we  are  vpared. 
time,  as  we  are  doing  well ;  and  - 
make  much  money,  we  intend  going  lo  New 
Zealand,  as  we  like  that,  niurh,  for  chnap 
living,  though  vfe  may  change  our  mimia. 
We  nave  never  yet  wished  oursolvi-jt  Iwwk  in 
I  England  ;  though,  at  the  eame  time,  we  should 
very  much  like' to  see  you  all,  and  often  wish 
yon  here.  We  are  only  thirty  miles  iVom  th« 
[  gold  diggings  ;  I  h&ve  had  several  piocw*  of 
gold  in  my  hand,  and  expect  to  have  aome 
more  aoon.'* 

The  brother,  in  another  letter,  give*  a  gl«Mr- 
ing  account  of  the  labour  market  ;  and  corr»- 
boratea, — by  way  of  jiter  contra, — all  that  baft 
been  hitherto  stated  as  to  the  high  price*  of 
food  and  rent : 

"I  am  working  at  the  carpentrv  '  ^ 
twelve  pounds  per  week,  wnii  Ti.  i ' 
gets  more  than  I  do  some  da>*a  ;  .-i..  •  .. 
intention  ia  to  go  into  wm«  icind  of  busi* 
ness  shortly.  PSjvisiona  are  ilirn  li.  r<\  but 
not  80  dear  in  proportion  m  h  i\*n' 

sidering  the  price  we  are  pv.  »nr  j 

but  all  sorts  of  labour  is  «o  well  pui«i,  tliat  a 
man  will  hardly  open  his  moutn  under  a 
dollar.  Some  ohtckena  waa  sold  here  on 
Saturday  last,  at  three  pounds  prr  couple  ; 
eggfl,  new-laid,  two  shillingB  »"  ";   two 

shillings  per  quart;  butter,  foi  ^  per 

pound  ;  cabbages,  four  shillii 
cambers,  one  sTiilling  e-ach  ;  b 
a  pennj  per  pound — though  i 
A  shilling  ;  onion«^,  five  shilliri 
good  beef,  ten  pence  ;   flour,  t     i.  t, 

lour  shillinga ;    lugar,  one  shilling ;   ood'e^^ 
three  shiUiBg!! ;  real,  one  ^hi?Hr>^ ;   mntt^ 
two  shillings;  hams,  on 
pence ;  dried  apples,  two 
dried    fruit*    about    the  !*ame,     J ' 
extravagantly    dcAr;     a    small,    o' 
house,  two  pounds  per  week;   atiu   ii« 
parts  of  the  town,  tne  ground-rent  is  t^\ 
to  twenty  pounds  per  week." 

The  kind  of  lodgings  made  sbift  with,  to 
avoid  such  high  rents,  is  thus  described  : 

"We  have  a  large  tent,  which  Mr.  T.  b 
made  in  New  Zealand.     It  is  put  up  in  n  In i 
field,  free  of  expense;   it  is  tweni  • 

long,  ajid  sixteen  feet  wide,  and  is 
fortable.     As  we  have  no  rain  here  t-  r  slx  •  r 
seven  months,  living  in  a  tent  is  n.tt  iw«'on- 
venient  ;  but  we  intend  to  have  a  nice  iiottM 
before  winter  sets  in," 

In  urging  his  sister  to  join  them,  h« 
continues : 

"  We  do  not  know  whether  you  ore  married 
or  not,  but  if  you  ai*e,  we  hoi>e  you  are  both 
well  nnd  happy.  If  yon  were  here,  you  could 
save  as  mucn  money  in  one  monta  as  yon 


iMekmh] 


THE  MODERN  SOLDiER'R  PKOGRESa 


m 


^ 


1^ 


could  in  twelve  montha  in  England.     With 
downright  har^I  drudij^cry  and  rigid  economy, 
a  man  and   wife  ni«y  afive  from   twelve  lo 
twenty  pMivmds  ]>cr  week  here,  if  thoy  have 
any  hick  at  all ;  hut  you  raust  not  think  you 
get  it  viithoxit  working  for  it.     Yoti  h.ave  to 
work,  niid  work  Iwini,  but  you  get  gootl  pay. 
I  have  fteen  scores  of  |K»ople  that  have  heeu 
here  twelve  and  eight^^en  monthly  thtit  have 
not  RAved  a  dt>llftr — they  gamble  it  all  away 
as  they  get  it.     Peot>le  go  to  the  gambling  j 
houses  every  tiny  till   they  pet  into  such  a, 
loofle  habit     They  are  oi>ened   all  day  on ) 
Sunday,  and  some  are  never  closed,  n     ' 
night  nor  day.    Some  men  will  come  It'i 
mines,  and  put  a  pound  of  gold  on  th<i.>  u.- 
at  a  tfanCy  and  in  le^  than  an  hour  lose  : 
fortune.** 

THE  MODERN  SOLDIER'S  PROGRESS. 
TARS  m. 

At  the  period  when  Manrice  arrived  in 
Halifax^  the  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  pi'O- 
vincewas  in  England,  on  leave,  and  during  his 
aibsenoethe  command  of  the  garriaon  devolved 
on  the  senior  officer  for  the  time  being,  "with 
additional  ])ay  and  allowances,  and  the  title 
of  "Commandant."  In  this  office  the  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel of  Maurice's  regiment  found 
himself  invested  at  the  moment  of  his  arrival ; 
not,  however,  to  his  surprise,  for  he  was 
aware  of  the  Lieutfn.ant-Governora  ahaence^ 
aud  had  emViarked  in  the  first  transport,  in 
order  to  profit  Vry  hi«  aeniority  as  toon  as 
posBible. 

Colonel  Stormy  w:w  a  man  who,  in  the 
v-oBTBC  of  a  toleraljly  long  miUtary  career,  had 
seen  some  service,  here  and  there,  though 
none  of  the  moat  h^riiliant  kind  ;  a  circumstance 
partly  owing  to  the  nature  of  the  expeditions 
in  which  ho  hatl  served,  and  partly  lo  the 
natural  wrong-headedness  that  distinguiahed 
him.  It  was  not  his  fault,  lo  lie  sure,  that 
Flanders  should  first  have  cnlled  for  the 
display  of  his  abilities  ;  but  if  he  had  not 
be«i  00  obstinately  bent  on  mistaking  a  celerj' 
bfd  for  the  trenehea  before  Ooartray,  he 
would  not  have  received  that  shot  through 
his  left  leg  which  cave  him  an  agreeable 
limp  for  the  rest  of  his  days.  It  was  through 
no  miiituke  of  hia  that  Wfiitelock*8  army  tur- 
rendereil  at  Bueuna  Ayrea  ;  but  if  he  had 
followed  th.it  prudent  Uenerars  example,  he 
certainly  might  have  eacapeil  the  lasso  which 
wo(uld  cither  havi*  Ftmngled  or  made  him 
prisoner,  in  a  skuTmi^h  there,  if  a  friendly 
swoihI  had  not  severed  the  obnoxious  cord. 
It  WAS  not  he  who  was  responsible  for  the 
failure  at  Walcheren  ;  but  he  might,  perhaps, 
have  avoided  the  fcver,  if  he  had  followed  tne 
advice  of  the  regimental  surgeon,  and  not 
have  gone  to  bed  in  hia  wet  l)OOia,  after  i*e- 
connoitring  all  day  in  a  fog,  without  orders  to 
that  eifect.  Unfortunate  expwlitions,  in 
short,  were  the  scenes  of  all  his  exploita,  and 
it  was  his  peculiar  fate  to  illuatmte  them  to 


his  own  disadvantage.    We  ai^  v  '  .w* 

ever,  in  saying  "all," — ^for,  at  ti  af 

Moose  Island,  in  the  Bay  of  Funiv  ''.vnich 
was  ntjt  reoortle^l  on  the  regimental  t-olours, 
and  b,  indeed,  rememl*en?d  by  r.  ^.  »,  ,v;,,g 
been  somt^bow  ecHi^td  by  Wat  re 

Colonel  Stormy  wa^  not  present^  :  ;  le 

of  Moose  Island,  lie  carried  a  village  of 
wij^ams,  at  the  head  of  his  gremuliers,  in 
very  gallant  style  ;  and  ha^l  the  capture  of 
that  ialatMl  made  him  master — as  he  supposed 
— of  the  key  to  the  whole  American  continent, 
he  might  fKJssibly  have  received  the  Order  of 
'     Hath,  which  he  always  considered  his  due» 

I  fjrumbled  at  the  Horse  Guards  for  with- 
"  '  it.  But,  if  he  did  not  Obtain  that 
i listinction,  he  held  Moose  Island  with 
-  iiuent,  agfldnst  all  comers,  for  full  six 
months  after  peace  had  Iwien  agreed  on,  and 
during  that  time  acquired  the  taste  for  ab- 
solute government  which  he  never  afterwards 
lost  an  opportunity  of  developing. 

This  taate  was  aided  by  the  pecuniary 
recommendations  of  "  a  command,"  and.  na  A 
soldier  and  a  Scotx^hm&n,  he  had  r  '  pe- 

tite for  all  the  loaves  and  fifihes  t  in 

his  way.     His  talents  for  ciWl  nfc 

were  on  a  par  with  hia  military  ti  i^ 

jmd  hot  water  was,  consequently,  i  nt 

in  which  he  chiefly  resided.  Colonel  t«Tormy 
did  not  deserve  the  entire  appUcation  <» 
Dryden^s  celebrated  lines,  but  he  hiid  claim 
to  one  which  he  made  peculiarly  his  own ; 
and  nobody  who  had  the  fortune  to  serve 
under  him,  was  slow  to  discover  that  the 
Commandaiit  was  not  only  "stiff  in  opinion,** 
but  most  assuredly  also  "ever  i^  the  wrong,'' 
To  complete  this  outline  of  the  man,  whoso 
position  enable*!  him  to  sway  the  destinies  of 
so  many  of  his  fellowi^  it  must  be  added  that 
he  was  excearively  passionate,  butr — as  a  set- 
off to  the  less  amiable  traits  of  his  character — 
he  was  quick  to  forgive,  of  a  jovial  tempera- 
ment, and  sufficiently  g<Jod-natared  when  not 
particularly  th wailed.  As  all  persons  in 
authority  in  the  army  have  their  aobrifuet, 
we  may  as  well  mention  that  the  colonel  was 
familiarly  known  as  "  Mad  Jock." 

A  regiment,  under  the  command  of  an 
officer  such  as  we  have  deecribed  Colonel 
Stormy  to  have  been,  was  not  likely  to  nuun- 
twn  a'very  high  reputation  for  discipline,  in 
spite  of  the  exertions  of  two  steady-going 
majorn  and  an  adjutaut,  whose  atrictness  bor- 
dered very  elosely  on  severity  ;  and  as  long  as 
Colonel  Stormy  had  no  other  object  to  engage 
his  attention,  the  regiment  was  knocked 
about  like  a  shuttlecock — at  one  moment  all 
work  and  at  another  all  play.  But  the  com- 
mandantship  of  a  garrison^  composed  of  tliree 
com|)lete  regimenta,  beoides  Artillery  and 
Engineers,  ami  a  numeroos  local  *««  itT  'nve 
MfM,l  Jock  a  wltle  field  for  'mU\  id 

left  his  own  corns  comparatively  '  ^1, 

while  it  affordea  its  more  responsible  oiiicera 
an  opportunity  of  getting  the  r«^;imeui  in 
order. 


1 


J 


452 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


[c«^««Mir 


^ 


Amongst  those  profited  by  the  new  state  at 
things  was  Maurice  Sava^  The  pride  whicli 
he  hftd  originally  felt  in  wearing  a  red  coat, 
had  not  beeu  discouraged  ;  and  he  had  leju*nt 
from  Mao  Maima  that  to  l>e  *•  smart "  was  the 
lirat  step  towards  the  promotion  wliich  the 
old  soldier  had,  all  aloD|j,  so  unambitiously 
ncj^Iected.  Maurice,  tht«refore,  took  pains 
with  his  pei-sonal  appearance,  aiid  it  was  not 
long  before  he  attractotl  the  adjutant's  atten- 
tion at  guard  niountlugj  and,  instead  of  being 
told  off  for  the  usual  tour  of  duty,  was  very 
frequently  ordered  to  fall  out  aa  an  orderly 
for  the  day,  in  which  situation  a  private 
soldier  enocta  at  humble  distance  the  part  of 
Ride<le-camp — without  any  increase  of  pay, 
but  with  a  little  more  personal  hberty  tliau  if 
he  had  his  eight  hours*  sentry  to  perform. 
As  an  ^^oixlerly/'  his  attendance  on  tue  adju 
taut,who»ome*tjme«  selected  Maurice  gpecijdly 
to  convey  hia  orders,  led  him  to  olj&erve  the 
advantages  which  accrued  to  those  men  who 
were  most  regular  in  their  attendance  at 
■chool. 

Thia  waa  even  then  an  optional  coui^se,  and 
in  the  Ciirlier  days  of  Mac  Manna  and  a  few  of 
the  old  soldiers  of  the  regiment,  had  no  ex 
iatonce ;  but  when  Maurice  joiueil  the  seiTice, 
the  acquirement  of  education  was  every  day 
becoming  more  widely  extended,  and  at  thu 
preaeut  time,  happdvj  we  have  it  to  say,  the 
most  effectual  step  towarda  advancement 
in  the  army  Ues  through  the  school-room 
dooi-a. 

The  Limited  Enlistment  Bill  i»  a  vast  hn- 
prc'vement,  moreover,  on  the  old  system, 
which  waa  genendly  for  life ;  for  now,  a 
young  man  may  enter  the  scr^-ice  at  eighteen, 
and  be  diamisfied  at  twenty-eight  a  perfectly 
educated  man.  This  phrase  is  no  hyperbole, 
for  e<Iue^tioD  in  the  army  is  not  coniinea  at  pre- 
sent, as  it  waa  of  yore,  to  the  mere  i-udimeuta, 
suJlictent  to  render  tlio  possessor  of  them 
cajable  of  writing  out  the  orders  or  of  paying 
a  company^lmt  embnices  a  well  grounded 
knowletlge  of  hiatoi"}'  and  geography  (leaving 
the  locality  of  '•  Novy  Skoshy  '*  no  longer  a 
matter  of  doubt),  and  a  competent  acquire- 
ment, not  only  of  arithmetic  and  mathematica, 
but  of  geometry,  algebra,  mensaration,  ancl 
fortitication  j  so  that,  on  returning  to  "civil 
life/'  the  soldier  is  not  compelled  to  fall 
back  on  the  little  mechanical  knowledge  wliich, 
pera-:lventui*e,  he  owned  before  he  exclianged 
the  cobt)ler*a  awl,  or  the  tailoFs  needle,  for 
the  musket  mid  bayonet,  but  ma^  earn  an 
liouounible  eiistence  by  teachmg  those 
sciences  which  he  has  acquired  in  his  mili- 
tary capacity*      The   difficulty   which    the 

•  Ti  -Us  w»y  In  Bpita  of  every  obetvle, 

Is  k»'  to  loabt  opoo  in  Uiid  place*  t>ut 

dtiriii  <  .Lra' exijtenoeofiiBtaitdling  Army 

ill   1    1   1..    ,     1  '              .    ]  .-n  the  ItutAQCfu  of  prlvme 

>. 'i:.'-:  I  i.'YiLt.H'  ':■.        -.I,.,;,..!,  by  tb«  forcu  of  eduottion. 

<-'  ■'    i.li'   i-  ^  .1    ,'''i,.  u,r  he  owed  LI*  lulTmncvmvnt 

t    I        <i  I    I  r   of  \xi»  being  «ii  e<lucn(ipd  rrikti 

J      1.  I  i«t>on«;bnttheUtisMr.  Wlllinn 

>'i(iL^»u(.:i,  •,!  ■'!    1  M-iuooa  of  iboHO  nu^  exenptioaft. 
Ho  wu  ar^rautlct^  ta  a  ihQ«nMk«rj  aod  diiUklng  UiAt  «uin> 


,  schoolmaatera  of  regiment*  now  have^  i«,  not 
the  task  of  employment  in  tertehuig.  but 
)>ufltive  uverworlc,  the  coimeniienoe  nf  the 
avidity  with  which  the  men  wno  have  joined 
the  bjitt^dion  attend  tlie  classes.  Tln^  barrack 
library — successful  rival  of  the  baiTaek  can- 
teen—towards the  support  of  which  tho 
soldier  now  cheei-fully  pays  his  [»enny  per 
month,  conrinciugly  proves  lliat  the  desire 
for  education  has  taken  root  in  the  British 
service,  and  we  trust  the  time  is  not  far 
distaut  when  the  reproach  will  be  removed 
frtim  our  army  of  being,  iu  pint  of  iutellee- 
tual  cultivation,  so  far  behind  the  armies  of 
France  and  Pnissia. 

We  have  said,  that  when  the  spirit  of  emu- 
bition  awoke  in  the  breast  of  Maurice  SaiiiiCiei, 
the  education  of  the  men  wa»  in  no  wme 
compulsory  ;  they  were  not  then  required, 
even  as  recruits,  to  attend  school  for  two 
hours  a-day,  and  afterwank  coutmue  at  their 
own  will  and  plea-stire  to  be  stuilents  ;  but, 
still,  it  frequently  happened  that  a  man  pre- 
ferred the  request  to  be  allowed  to  pick  up 
the  crumbs  ot  knowledge  that  fell  fiam  the 
schoolmaster's  table, — ^ud  ^laurice  Savage 
wna  one  of  thet*e.  It  followed,  in  ij  rii*orfIua 
to  his  asstduity,  not  that  he  l»ecan  I 

from  his  eonmwlea,  but  that  he  it 
to  the  givater  i>art  of  those  by  x\  ■ 
surrounded.     His  newly  awaken* 
study   bi\>ught  with  it  another  l 

vantage ;   it  kept  him  from  tht* 
idleness  and  vice  where  nothing  ih  i.  :\na  out 
that  which  tends  to  degradation  and  leads  to 
crime. 

It  in  the  misfortune  of  most  of  our  oolonie* 
that  suirits  are  excessively  chea]'  ""1  that 
even  tne  little  pocket-money  whi  > 

the  soldier  may,  if  he  is  so  disj*  ny 

moment,  purchase  liquor  enough  to  make  him 
"the  woi^e  for  it."  When  orjne  he  get*  a 
taste  for  the  mim  and  whiskoy,  which  are  ao 
abundant  in  the  North  American  garriaoQ 
t-owns,  his  demoralisation  becomes  as  comnleto 
as  that  of  the  Red  Indian,  who  is  now  sefdom 
seen  in  quarters  except  as  an  object  for  men 
to  make  s|>ort  withal  as  he  exhibit*  his 
drunken  antics.  The  vice  of  drinking,  growing 
by  that  it  feeds  on,  cannot  continue  to  be 
indulged  in  by  the  soldier,  out  of  the  pittance 
which.  If  saved,  might,  iu  the  course  of  time, 
accumulate,  iu  the  Kegimeutal  Savings'  Bank, 
to  a  respectable  sum  ;  his  own  re^jiectability 
being  insured  the  while.  To  obtain  the  un- 
hallowed gratification,  he  nms  in  debt  at  the 
low  grog-aiiopa  ;  and  to  pay  his  debt — for  tho 
viUainouB  storekeeper  threatens  to  complain, 
though  he  knowa  he  caimot  claim  the  amount, 
the  credit  of  the  troo|Js  Irnviug  been  "  cried 

ploynicDt,  itt  the  ftga  of  nlnotflou  eutand  ilie  W'^idii'^ri-liinil 
.Militia,  lund  two  jt»n  Uui  «nllstcd  In  ilw i:  '  ■ 

"  While  In  ttalAeorpiL'*  Mya  a  recent  Mofni  f 

htm,   *' ha  darotod  hia  lalnrn    to  ^eienti!  ml 

Appcam  to  have  rofede  ttlmselt  < -ill  lUu  gncr^t 

fncu  oi  tflffctrtrtty  und  uiiipiietii^  then  open^g 

OH  th<9  world.     Ills  tulMOtiueat  •  •  ^icd  tor  blm  * 

n&mo  1a  the  """"itf  of  leiBDUflcdi^^rei]'.' 


il 


CiulM  PUkc&B.] 


THE  MODERN  SOLDIEE'S  PROGEESS. 


4aa 


down,*' — thp  drunkard  sella  hiB  necefisaries. 
He  is  confined,  and  put  under  stoppages  for 
tliis ;  but  his  downward  career  ia  too  often 
only  arrested  for  a  time,  and  when  the  oppor- 
tunity offers  of  getting  out  of  bnuracks,  he 
jujam  fi-equents  tne  gitjg-shop,  spends  more 
thiui  he  am  call  Iua  owd^  and,  anticiptitlng 
severer  punishment,  makes  up  liis  niiiid  to 
commit  the  worst  crime  in  the  catalogue  of 
military  offences,  by  destTting. 

Halikx  is,  in  mjiny  reupectSj  an  excellent 
military  ttatiori ;  but  the  fatal  fecility  of  pro- 
curing clieap  spirits  is  only  too  patent  there. 
We  know  not  whether  tlie  nest  of  ab<»miua- 
tSon  is  yet  to  be  found,  which,  when  Maurice 
first  went  out  to  the  colony,  was  still  in  ex- 
istence, and  from  the  frequency  of  the  dis- 
tmrbauces  which  took  place  there,  weut  by  the 
name  of  **  Knock-me-down  Street ; "  but  if 
not  "  ptit  down,"  it  ia  a  crying  infamy  that 
calls  for  immediate  extirpation.  The  inhabi- 
tauLd  of  the  hovela  that  formed  this  appro- 
priately-named spot,  were  a  small  colony  of 
olack  people  of  both  sexes,  origiinlly  brought 
Stom  one  of  the  remote  West  India  IslandA} 
by  the  admiral  on  the  station,  and  permitted 
to  settle  in  Halifax^  as  a  compensation  for 
some  loss  or  damage  experienced  by  them,  in 
the  coui^e  of  the  war.  Their  notions  of 
colonisation  were  of  a  peculiar  kind,  and  con- 
sisted in  drinkin^f  and  making  others  drunk, 
in  fiddling,  dancmg,  singing,  shouting,  and 
^hting.  The  squeaking  tones  of  the  kit,  the 
£rill  mughter,  and  shriller  screams  of  the 
women,  and  the  occasional  report  of  fire-arms, 
showed  tliat  the  place  was  not  only  disorderly, 
bat  dangerous,  and  that  whoever  had  a  repu- 
tation worth  procuring,  or  a  life  he  was  not 
quite  tired  of,  would  do  well  to  shuu  the  dis- 
gusting dens  of  Knock-me-down  Street  This 
"  Suburra  "  waa,  unluckily,  situated  exactly  be- 
tween the  barracks,  where  different  regiments 
were  quartered,  and  those  who  passed  from 
one  to  the  other,  were  obliged  to  pass  thi-ough 
it.  Its  external  hideouanesa  was  insufficieut 
io  repel  Tisitors  from  tlie  orgies  which  were 
held  within,  though  by  daylight  no  soldier 
ever  dared  to  enter  ;  but  the  case  was  different 
after  dark,  and  many  a  man  lived  to  rue  the 
time  when  his  foot  first  crossed  the  threshold 
of  one  of  these  haunts  of  licentiousness  and 
crime, 

Amidiit  the  various  blundera,  practical  and 
the<:»retical,  which  occupied  the  time  of  Mad 
Jock,  was  an  occasional  resolve  to  "  look  up  " 
bis  own  regiment,  the  disoi^Uue  of  which  ne 
would  have  acted  wisely  m  leaving  altoge- 
ther to  the  senior  major.  We  do  not  mean 
to  say  thui  the  cares  of  his  new  station  ought 
to  have  withdrawn  Colonel  Stormy  from  the 
paramuunt  duty  of  superintending  his  ovm 
corps ;  on  the  contraiy,  he  might  have 
exercLstRl  a  constant  regimental  superinten- 
dence, and  at  the  same  time  have  neglectiHl 
none  of  the  staff  ocfupatious  of  the  garrison. 
But  it  was  his  misfortune  to  do  ererything 
by  fits  and  starts  ;  at  one  moment  he  would 


delegate  the  entire  control  of  the  regiment  to 
the  officer  next  in  seniority  ;  and  at  another 
he  would,  without  any  previous  warning,  re- 
sume the  command,  enter  into  the  minutest 
details,  order  and  counter-order,  revisfj  and 
find  fault  with  everything  to  which  he  had 
previously  given  hia  sanction.  Becatise  he 
was  not  there  to  look  after  everything,  he 
would  say  the  regiment  was  going  to  the 
devil :  everyone  neglected  hia  duty ;  the 
officers  thought  of  nothing  but  trails  and 
plays,  and  shooting  parties,  and  galiiv:uiting 
after  the  ladies— 4ie  knew  what  they  were 
about  when  they  little  dreamt  ho  was  watch- 
ing them  ;  the  non-oommissioned  officer*  were 
a  pack  of  ignorant  beasts — "  lazy  drome- 
daries,"— (this  was  his  favourite  phrase),  and 
deserved  *'  to  be  broke,"  every  one  of  them  ; 
as  to  the  men,  they  were,  one  and  xdl,  a  set 
of  drunken  blackguards  ;  nothing  but  flog- 
dng  would  do  them  good  ;  and  straightway 
he  would  onier  a  mrade  in  heavy  marching 
order,  where,  without  giving  time  for  the 
regiment  to  appear  properly  under  arms,  he 
would  stalk  up  and  down  the  ranks,  prancing, 
and  taking  snuf^  and  brandishing  his  cane, 
and  swearing  at  eveiything  and  everybody 
that  came  in  his  way.  The  usual  result  of 
on©  of  these  sudden  "  inspections  **  (as  he 
called  them)  was  the  ordering  of  half-a-dozen 
courts-martial  on  as  many  unluckj^  fellows 
for  unsoldieriike  conduct  in  not  appearing 
properly  dressed  at  parade ;  or  for  some 
other  offence  equally  slight — or,  it  miglit  be, 
altogether  fanciful.  He  would  then  call  for 
the  defaulters'  book,  fasten  on  the  words 
**  dnmk  on  duty,*'  hurry  to  the  fi-out  soma 
three  or  four  scapegraces  of  the  regiment 
whom,  in  spite  of  the  standing  oniera  ijy  the 
conti-ary,  he  had  ordered  to  be  "  logged,"  and 
read  the  entire  regiment  a  lecture  on  dnink- 
enness,  so  woixlea,  as  to  include  everyone 
present,  and  lead  a  bystander  to  suppose, 
that  &om  the  senior  officer  to  the  smallest 
drummer-boy  on  para<le,  they  were  all  a 
parcel  of  Helots  ;  and  that  it  was  his  misaion 
to  expose  and  punish  everyone  alike ;  Ida 
constant  peroration  being — 

**But  I '11  take  the  i-mn  out  of  you,  Gentle- 
men !  Demmee,  I  'U  take  the  rum  out  of 
you !" 

And  the  plan  he  adopted  to  effect  this 
laudable  object,  was  fi^rthwith  to  call  for  his 
horse,  and,  riding  ia  front,  order  the  regiment 
out  to  the  Common,  where  he  would  put  it 
through  a  series  of  manoeuvi-es,  executed  in 
**  double  time,'*  till  the  men  and  officei^  were 
ready  to  drop  with  fiatigue  ;  nor  cease  from 
his  exertions  till  he  had  dubbed  the  battalion 
and  rendered  himself  inaudible  between  rak'O 
and  hoarseness.  He  would  then  call  tne 
officers  to  the  front,  deaii-e  the  Adjutant  to 
extricate  the  men  fn»m  the  confusion  into 
which  he  had  thrown  them,  and  march  them 
hume  ;  Couiiter-onier  the  court-martial  ;  and, 
after  a  few  pinches  of  snuff,  taken  with  a 
sort  of  grim  uucttot^  resume  his   oitiinary 


454 


HOUSEHOLD  WOUDS. 


>' 


numaer,  s&tlafiec)  that  be  hwX  given  the  regi^ 
mcut  a  leseoD  which  wotiUl  not  be  furgotteu 
in  a  huny. 

Nor  wtsrc  thesfi  leasons  thrown  nway  ;  but 
their  result  was  to  remler  the  oflicei'8  diasa- 
tialiod,  iiud  the  men  diacoutenteJ  ;  the  former 
felt  thnt  all  their  efforts  were  held  ns  nouy;ht, 
tmd  the  latter  that  no  rtmount  of  goix!  0011111101 
made  them  &ate,  when  Mfui  J*Mik  gave  wuv  to 
one  of  hia  ijidisorimiiiate  tits  of  jja^siiju  ;  iVn- 
Oii  such  «iccatiiiou3  the  beat  tuaii  was  aa  likely 
tu  Huffer  Hs  Uie  worst.  In  short,  these  ill- 
cijuXMidorud  viKitationa  on  the  p?iil  of  Mad 
JocU  had  i  '    c'oiitnir>"  efft^ot  to  that 

which  he  ihej  caused  him  to  Im? 

held  upt»  jiui  U11  by  the  men;  neutralised 
the  authority  of  the  officei-w  in  general;  and 
drove  UKTC  than  one  niau  to  desertion. 

U  was  iii  lh«  niidiit  of  troubled  waters  like 
theae  that  Miiurict}  Saviige  had  to  steer  hiA 
way,  to  avoid  puniahmeut^  and  acquire  ap- 
probation ;  that  he  succeeded  in  doing  so,  was 
owinj^  to  more  causes  than  one>  The  counsel 
of  Mac  Mauua,  whoee  motto  w?»a,  "  Do  your 
duty  tlrst,  Maurice,  and  complain  after  wai'da," 
proved  of  no  alight  aerviee  ;  not  Ititsd  ao  waK 
the  spectacle  of  Coi-porjd  liattler,  whom 
nothing  could  keep  from  eominp  drunk  to 
p.rn.li  f<ir  which  he  was  reduced  to  the 
J.  .led — sent  to  hospital — and  finally 

p  with  phthisis  pvdmomdU^  an  in- 

curabit:  invalid  ;  nor  was  tne  exanjple  thrown 
away  of  two  or  three  men,  little  older  than 
himself^  but  who  had  l.»een  better  prepared 
before  they  joined  for  the  education  they  now 
received,  and  were  alreatly  making  their  way 
upward ;  but,  without  doubt,  the  most  ser- 
viceable thing  for  ^lauj'ice,  as  well  aa  for  the 
whole  regiment,  was  the  difljilaeemeut  of 
Colonel  Storray  from  liia  command,  by  the 
Buddcn  retiun  of  the  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
the  province,  who  had  l>eeii  hastily  ordered 
out  W  the  Horse  Guarila,  wheu  the  con- 
Beqttence  of  eei'taiu  inditfeix^tious  on  the  part 
of  Mad  Jock  became  only  too  appai'ent  at 
head-c^uarters,  A  pri\Tite  letter  from  a  friend 
in  <.»flii;e,  to  the  last  named  gallant  but 
blundLriiig  individual^  advising  retirement, 
aiul  showiu"^  where  good  terma  might  be  h;ul, 
induced  Colonel  Stoi^my  to  apply  for  leave  of 
oVici.r,-.  M^  soon  aa  the  General  arrivetl  ;  and, 
:i  farewell  of  '^hia  buys,"  with  tears 

in  ^  and  somethiii^  that  sounded  very 

like  "  dromedariea  "  on  his  lipe,  he  recroased 
the  AiUntic,  was  gazetted  a  few  monthi* 
afterwards,  as  having  m\d  out,  pocketed  a 
bean  sum  by  the  tranaaction,  and  waa  never 
heai'd  of  afterwards. 

The  regiment,  left  in  the  mean  time  to 
the  care  of  the  steady-going  JMiijor,  begiin 
once  more  to  hold  up  its  head,  and  by  the 
time  the  new  Lieutenant  Colonel  joine<l,  wiig 
in  a  fit  atale  to  nroRt  by  the  measurea  which 
the  latter  hml  ueen  instructed  by  the  Com- 
mauder-in-Cliief  to  adopts  in  auticii^ation  of 
general  improvementa  which  **  the  Duke " 
then  meditated. 


Thia  officer  was  diA.'r' 
liberal ;  he  knew  how  tf. 
the  temptations  to  v\1  ' 
he  was    able  to  f 

thoughtlessness    ^^  m-    .ni.**  k,   :v 

man  ffot  into   ;  s    clearly  wliat 

was   lairly   to  1,1    sli,    ii,.,.|,m 

under  hi^ 

acting  inj]  i 

with  tViat  uix'tiiuey  dI  jiuixnif-ui.  wliich  mado 
all  hia  rewards  worthily  buatowcii.  Thus 
qua]iJtie<l,  he  wa*  quick  to  «liacover  that 
Maurice  Savag-e  Wfua  not  th«  hamt  unde- 
serving of  the  '  "  '  '  '  '1 
all,  and  the  ! 
man  to  the  pr  .i-^ 
poral  was  favoum'  1 

which  he  gave  on  th-™    .  1 

away,  and  five  yeara  had  not 
the   time  when  Maurice  Saw 
shilling*'  from  Serjeant  Pike,   bcuiro  he  Imj- 
Ciune  that  worthy's  superior  m  rnT»k  ;  indeed 
the    last    reports   ftxnm   the    r  now 

&tationed  in  Upper  CauadjL,  11  'n  of 

the  early  retirement  uf  the  '   *  » 

who  is  about  to  claim  hi^  dist ! 
in  that  countiy,  anti  thf»  letter  ^.m 
I  this  intelligence  adds,  that  when 
\  takes  place  it  ia  almost  certain  he  w  i^i  ^^  ..^^ 
ceeded  by  Colour-Serjeant  .Savage, 

At  his  age,  with  the  te:ttimouialfl  of  good 
cmdnct  winch  he  hf»s  ali«<*«ly  received,  and 
tlie  prospect  which  now  ofiens  before  him, 
there  is  nothing  improboble  in  the  e^  ■  , 

that  in  a  few  yenrs  he  may  be  r^>-  1 

for  a  commissiom    He  L  I 

his  spare  money  in  the 
Bank,  where  it  la  as  Hrifc  .mu  as  ijli-iuvi-  lo 
]iim  as  if    in   the   BaiJc   of    Kngland,    Hi* 

increaaed  pay  enables  him  constitn"'   ' ''1 

to  the  amoimt ;  and,  shoidd  the  < 
be  realised,  whieh  1ms  bewme  a  ' 
goal  for  tlie  a*>Idier's  hojX's,  Mauiiee  Savage 
will  scarcely  stand  in  need  of  the  hundred 
pounds  which  is  now  pretwuU'd  to  every  nou- 
commissioned  officer,  to  enable  him  to  bt*ar 
the  expenses  and  assist  him  in  iupiMjrtin^  the 
rank  to  which  he  has  wisely  been  ftermittcd 
to  attain. 

A   word  on  parting    about   Patrick  Mac 
Manna.    The  new  system  wa«=  J^-f «' .5'^'— I  i--»^ 
late  for  him  to  profit  by  it  to  w 
was  "  too  ould,    he  said,  "  to  b 
and  them  kind  of  thing«»  but  he  diiin't  see 
that  they  did  the  boys  any  kind  of  imrnim/' 
He  thought,  perhaps,  that  "he  m 
cut  more  of  a  figure,  if,  instca't  <»f  | 
the  outside  of  his  head  when  he  fn 
the  ser\-ice,  he  had  been  made  U* 
thing   into  it.      He  was  thai  '  '  rie 

added,  "for  the  warrant   thu  u  an 

extra    seven  peace    a-tlay    fn^n. .  ..    --    goo<J 
aamce,  after  knocking  alxiut  for  more  than 
thirty  years ;  and  anyhow  heM  I**-  Luin-v  to 
drink  long  life  to  them  n:^  ma^i< 
now  to  care  for  the  soldier's  ^\  e- 

him  a  man's  chance  of  gettin'  ua  Lu  iiid  W4>rk^ 


'1 


I 


*9  if  )io  hftil  A  l>odv'  worth  preearvin*  and  a 
60wl  worlk  aavui'. ' 

Tbi^e  seiitifueitta  be  couatantlv  repe&ted, 
AfifT-  lie  }):id  oUiLiaed  his  dificharce,  when  he 
vm^tl  U)  pitch  hla  quiirters  ait  near  the  barracks 
AA  Ue  eould  get  a  place  to  put  himself  into ; 
where»  ou  a  line  buiuiner'a  eveuitig,  wheu  the 
lueu  weiv  otf  duty,  he  would  gather  a  knot 
round  him,  as  he  aat  uu  a  log  amokiiig  liis 
bipe,  and  tcU  them  lonj;  stories  aV>out  **  His 
ll  jral  Higluiesa  Prince  filward,"  and  the  long 
list  ol'  martineU,  wluch  ended  "let  us  hope, 
boya,  in  31ad  Jock  ! " 


PEACE  AND  WAR. 

Siin  War,  "  I  pruy  thcc  my  plajrthingB  see  : — 

Soc  warriors  glittciing  in  the  £un  ; 
Tliey  *r6  all  automatonsj  moved  by  me. 

The  proudest,  the  lowlieat-eTcry  one 
At  my  beck  or  nod  tbcy  rush  to  doath ; 

Rush — ay,  with  frantic  cries  of  joy — 
To  the  cajEinons  mouth.     But,  then,  above 

I  itrov  bats  of  laurel,  by  way  of  decoy.** 

9»id  Feaoe^  **  I  !•-"'  *^''^-  my  playthings  see  : — 

See  barrcst>  ider  the  sun ; 

List  to  the  shut  r      With  me 

ITie  yeoman's  huppy  battle  is  won. 
Chsettd  by  me,  they  toil  till  death, 

While  maids  and  matrons  their  linen  weave ; 
The  earth  i%  not  damp'd  with  their  partmg  breath, 

And  I  smooth  their  |)dIow  as  they  take  leave/ 

Said  War,  "  I  piay  thee  my  triumphs  see  : — 

See  now  how  nobly  my  chosen  fall ; 
LiHt  to  the  caonon^'s  roar,  and  thoir  glee. 

When  the  ooemy's  blood  bespatters  them  alL 
Tlie  warriors  head  is  uptum'd  to  the  stars ; 

The  warrior  s  plume  lies  soU'd  in  the  dust ; 
But  a  halo  of  glorr  flits  rmuid  hia  acan^ 

And  with  the  Uood  of  the  enemies  ahall  hia 
sword  rust" 

Said  Peace,  '•  I  pray  thoo  my  triumphs  see  :— 

See  roses  creep  up  the  cottager's  wall ; 
The  children  crowd  roond  the  fiither's  knee : 

The;  mill  \vht»el  turns,  to  grind  food  for  all. 
1  ^  nda  round  the  poor  man'a  bed, 

\<  1  u  '  tha  lean  fellow/ Bsixag  Ma  prey ; 

I  call  bU"- Kings  down  on  the  orj^tsn^a  head. 

And  pomt  to  tks  flowars  of  the  height  May-day." 

Said  \\'ar.  "  My  triumphs  are  won  with  blood, 
The  bravert  and  best  with  which  veins  e'er 
throbb'd." 

Stti^l  Pottoe.  *'  1  titumuh  in  yielding  food 

To  the  famished  widows  whom  war  hath  robb'd." 

Said  War,  "  I  am  worahipp'd  in  every  land ; 
Hy  trophies  bedeek  cveey  aacared  dome/* 

Said  Peace,  "  Mine  am  laiaad  by  tho  aaall  white 


Of  Truth — and  I  'm  honoured  in  every  home. 


HOW  TO  BE  IDOLISED. 

T"'-   I rbole  of  being  "idolised**   was 

iktA  ]s,  made  a  literal  truth  in  so 

ati  t !_,  timer  as  is  shown  in  the  following 
utor^' ;  for  which  we  are  indebted  to  a  French 
author. 

In  1618,  the  good  ahip  ""Dido'*  left  the 


Mauritius,  on  her  voyagie  t 
had    a  caiw>    of    French 
board,  whicn  her  Oiiptain    \ 
ooffee  and  spice  with  tho  n.i 
isles.     After  a  few  days* 
becalmed;    and    both    passengers 
were  put  on  short   aJluwauce   of 
and  water. 

Frcaerved  meats,  £ruita«  chooolate,  fi&e 
flour,  and  liye-«tock,  wei«  aU  exliansted,  with 
the  exception  of  one  solitary  patriarchal 
cock,  who,  perched  on  the  main-\*nrd,  was 
mouming  his  devaatoled  harem,  lilce  Mourad 
Bey  after  the  battle  of  the  Pynuntdi. 

The  ship*a  cook,  Nepta&e^  a  Madagaacar 
uegrO)  received  orders,  €m&  mow—  *-■  pre- 
pare this  bird  for  dinner ;  and,  o: 

hunffry  denizens  of  the  sftate-caLi. .  up 

the  dtilicioua  odour  of  ttiaiit  fowl  The  captain 
took  a  nap,  in  order  to  cheat  his  appetite  until 
dinner-time  ;  and  the  chief  mate  hovered  like 
a  guardian suageA  round  the  caboose,  watching 
lest  any  audacious  spoiler  should  lay  violent 
hands  ou  the  precious  dainty. 

Suddenly,  a  cry  of  terror  and  deepair  issued 
from  the  cook's  cabin,  and  Neptune  himself 
rushed  out,  tho  picture  of  affi-ight,  with  both 
his  hands  twisted,  convulsivt'ly,  in  th«  sooty 
wool  that  covei*ed  his  head.  What  wiis  the 
matter  f  Alas !  in  ui  ill-fltaired  hour  the 
cook  had  slumbered  at  hia  poet^  and  the  fowl 
was  burnt  to  a  cinder. 

A  fit  of  rage,  exasperated  by  hu^cr  and  a 
tro[iical  sun,  is  a  fearful  thing.  The  mate, 
uttering  a  dreadful  imprecation,  seized  a  large 
knife,  and  rushed  at  Neptune.  At  that 
moment,  one  of  the  passengers,  namtd  Louis 
Bergaz,  interpceed  to  ward  off  the  blow.  The 
nePTo  was  saved,  but  his  pr<M«rver  tsceived 
the  point  of  the  sleet  in  nis  wrist,  and  his 
blood  flowed  freely.  With  much  difficulty 
the  other  passengers  succeeded  in  preventing 
him,  in  his  tmii^  from  attadcing  the  mate  ; 
but,  at  lengtli,  peace  was  restOTed,  the  ag- 
greoBor  baling  apologised  for  hia  violence^ 
Aa  to  poor  Neptune,  he  fell  on  hia  knees,  and 
kissed  and  embraeea  the  feet  of  his  protector. 

In  a  day  or  two  the  bn^eze  sprang  up,  and 
the  "  Dido  "  speedily  reached  Sumatra.  Four 
years  aflerwardS)  it  hi^pened,  one  day,  that 
Louis  Beigaz  was  diniiig  at  the  publ)(^  table 
of  an  English  boarding-bouse  at  Piatavia. 
Amongst  the  guests  were  two  learned  men 
who  had  been  aeut  out  by  the  British  Govern- 
ment to  inspect  the  countries  lying  near  the 
equator.  During  dinner,  the  name  of  Bergax 
happening  to  be  pronounced  distinctly  by  one 
of  his  acquaintances  at  the  opposite  side  of 
the  table,  the  oldest  of  the  tavam  looked  up 
&om  his  plate,  and  adted,  quickly, 

^'  Who  owns  the  aiime  of  Bergaz  I  ^ 

"I  do.*' 

*'  Curious  enoug1i>"  said  the  mofani,  '^yoa 
bear  the  aame  name  as  a  god  of  Madaoaaoar/* 

"Have  th<^agod  called  Bergaz?^  asked 
Xx>uis,  smilingt 

**  Ym.     And  if   jou   liki^   afttr   dinner, 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


^ 


I  will  «how  yoa  an  article  on  the  subject,  savage  ntttioaa.  Tbc  figure  repreaented  a 
which  1  |uililiahed  in  an  English  Bcientific  i  mnii,  dreisaed  in  European  costume,  with  a 
jouruiU/'  wide  etraw   lint  on  hw  hcud,  nn<i  n   striped 

l^fiiuU  tliaiikcd  him;  andAfterwardAreadBSimusUu  ci-uvai  round  h\»  uvvk,  H*^  v^ita 
follows :  BtAuJiiii;  in  the  attitude  of  one  who  b  inter- 

'"  Tlie  poptdniion  of  Madju^twcar  conaiata  of)  ceptiug  a  blow^and  hia  ri^ht  hand  wru<  stAiued 


a  nnxtui-c  of  African*,  Arabfi,  and  tho  abo- 
riginal iiihfllntants.  These  latter  occupy  the 
kingtiom  of  the  Anoa,  uud  are  governca  by  a 
qutM?n.  The  MalagMjs  differ  widely  from  the 
Ethiopian  raoe,  both  Id  their  physical  and 
moral  cliamcrteristics.  They  are  hoepitable 
and  humane,  but  extremely  warlike,  because 
n  Biiccea'^ful  foray  furni^ik.^  ^hcm  with  slaves. 
It  Ti<  a  mistake  to  bi  the  Mala^usya 

woi-sliip  the  devil,  ai  1  •  y  have  at  Tein- 

tiugua  n  tiM*e  conaeeratcd  to  tlie  Evil  One.  They 
have  biit  one  temple,  deiitvited  to  the  god 
Bergftz  (it'^r,  source:',  n  the  Chaldean, 

mid  y'**.  H^ht,  in  H  y  tongue).    To 

this  divinity  til-  ' levote<l,  and  at 

stated  pcrimk  >  rifice  of  a  cock^ 

as  Uie  ancient  <  irrn^  mxi  tu  ^Eiiculapiua.  So 
true  it  is  that  the  ianguagca  and  superstitions 
of  all  lands  and  agea  are  linked  together  by 
mysterioua  bonds,  which  neither  time  nor 
distance  cim  •!'-slrov." 

liouis  li  J  ht  the  latter  philosophi  cal 

reflection  \  uiff. 

"  You  can  i^oaruely  unagine/*  aaid  hia  com- 
panioii,  *'  how  important  these  remote  analo- 
gies, tiTiced  out  by  ur  with  so  much  labour  and 
fatigue,  are  to  the  advancement  of  science  1 " 

I&rgaz  bowed,  and  was  silent. 

The  carea  of  a  busy  commercial  life  soon 
caused  hiiu  to  forget  both  the  philosopher  and 
hia  own  idol  namesake. 

After  the  lapse  of  about  two  years,  Bergaz 
set  out  to  purchase  ebon^  at  Cape  St.  Maria, 
in  Madoj^car  ;  but  a  violent  tempest  forced 
the  vessel  to  stop  at  Simpal  on  the  Avas 
Coiuit.  VVliile  the  crew  were  busy  refitting 
tbc  ahip^  HergjELZ  started  olf  to  explore  the 
interior  of  the  country.  There  are  no  cai'ni- 
voioua  wild  Ixiasts  in  Mat^lajiraacar  ;  but,  there 
i»  almndiuice  of  panie  to  tempt  the  aportamxui ; 
and  Lewin,  with  his  gun  <>n  his  shouldert 
follfiwetl  the  chaHe  of  jiartridtj^es,  uuailfl,  and 
phea^antd,  for  several  milejs,  uiiLil  he  reached 
the  border  of  a  thick  ban»boo  jungle, 

Thei-e,  he  saw  a  number  of  the  natives 
prostrate  befure  the  entrance  of  a  large  hut. 
They  were  singing,  with  one  acconl,  a  mono- 
tonous 8*jrt  of  Imun^  wh<J6e  burden  was  the 
Word  "  Bergaz  !  '  so  distinctly  pronounced, 
that  Louis  imme<liately  recollected  the  account 
given  him  by  the  philosopher  in  Batavia. 

liui»elled  by  very  natural  curiosity,  he 
stepped  forwai-d,  and  peeped  into  the  temple. 
No  attempt  had  been  made  to  ornament  ita 
four  wallji,  built  of  bamboo,  cemented  with 
clay  ;  but,  in  the  centre  of  the  floor  stood,  on 
a  ])edeatal,  the  statue  of  the  god  Bergaz,  and 
Louis  was  greatly  stinick  with  his  appearance. 

The  idol,  although  far  fiwm  being  a  iiniahed 
work  of  art,  wits  yet  far  superior  in  form  and 
workmanship  to  the  ordinary  divinities  of 


wfth  blood.  There  was  even  an  .'tttempt, 
Louis  Bergax  thought,  to  imiuto  his  own 
features;  and  the  ^od  had  thick  black 
whiskers  meeting  under  his  chin,  precisely 
such  aa  Louis  hud  worn  in  181H.  The  dreai^ 
too,  resembled  hia  own ;  and  tho  craviLt, 
marked  in  the  comer  L.  R,  Wits  one  which 
he  had  given  Neptune  the  cook.  In  a  few 
minutes,  a  jitYJceasion  of  natives  entered  the 
temple  ;  they  kindled  a  fire  in  a  sort  of 
channg'dLih;  aiid,  placing  ou  it  a  deail  cock, 
burnt  the  BacrLfice  before  their  trod,  andd 
loud  acclamation.    Bergaz,  uir  is  not 

able  to  preserve  hia  gravity  d  y'tntiM 

ceremonial.    He  burst  intoaUt  <  r, 

and  was  instantly  aei^ied  by  the  olJ 
shippers.     With   shouts  C»f  v  ^wre 

about  to  sacriKce  him  to  then  leity, 

when  a  noise  of  cymbals  auiiw  ,,,  -     »»- 

proach  of  the  Chief  of  the  tribe.  ii 

priest  met  him  at  the  door,  and  d 

the  sacrile|nous  conduct  of  the  stran>;er.  Ihd 
incensed  diieftain  seijced  a  JUalavim  cretiM, 
and  ran  to  take  vop^eance  on  the  olTender. 
Bergaz  turned  and  looked  at  him ;  each 
uttere^l  a  cry  of  surprise ;  the  next  mo- 
ment, the  chief  waa  embracing  tlie  f«M;t  of 
Louis. 

**  Nqjtime,  old  fellow  !  what  is  all  thSa  1 " 

asked  Bergaz  pointing  to  the  fijgar-  "  V^ 'ifz 

is  my  god!"   cried  the  negro,  ^•.  \a 

breast.  Then,  to  the  unbounded  hk.     at 

of  all  present,  the  European  and  the  chief 
walked  off  lovingly  together  towania  the 
palace  of  the  latter. 

On  their  way  thitherv  Xeptmie  relnted  hii 
lustory  to  Ilia  friend.   ThepowerfiH  -^ 

sovereign  of  Madagascar,  had  e<  .% 

ti-eaty  of  peace  with  his  enei  o 

wife  of  the  latter,  Wing   a  w  s 

was  mmved  queen  of  the  Anuj*,  uv  mi  ...m^w  c4 
liadama;  and  this  kdy  was  the  sifter  oi 
Neptune,  ejt-cook  of  the  Dido, 

No  sooner  was  she  seated  on  the  thronii 
tlian  she  released  her  brother  from  his  menial 
situation,  and  gave  him  absolute  authority 
over  the  small  province  of  Sim  pal. 

Neptune's  firat  act  was  an  M 
uifest  his  gratit ude,  after  the  b  f 

his  people,  to  his  protector  Ik^^  "' 

may  fancy  how  cordial  was  the  nc*  v 

warm  and  affijctionate  the  wol  <i 

on     the     living    benefactor,  i 

semblance  he  and  his  people  i 

god.    The  grateful  negro  l*  'i 

presenta,  and  sent  hia  most  :-  a 

to  asffirt  in  repairing  the  ship.  Profcmbiy,  to 
this  day,  the  god  Berpz  may  still  1*»?  wor- 
shipped in  Simpal ;  ana  the  .^Kseulapian  cock 
may  still  excite  the  woudor,  and  fill  the  not** 
books  of  travelling  philosophers. 


£= 


ffh 


"Familiar  in  their  Moutht  a$  HOUSEHOLD  WORDS  "— SttAx«r««t, 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


A    WEEKLY    JOURNAL 
CONDUCTED     BY    CHARLES     DICKENS. 


N<»  46.J 


SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  8,  1851 


TWENTY-FOUR  HOUBS  IN  A 
LONDON  HOSPITAL. 

It  i*<  slipfwr}'  walkirifr  up  Ludgitte  Hill,  early 
on  aintd-wiutti-  m«»rnirj}4,  ^\ith  an  atmosphere 
well  miaied  with  Tluuues  (02  and  aea-coal 
amoke,  after  a  week  of  i-aiuy  days.  Look  up 
for  tlic  dome  of  Si.  raid's,  and  so  much  of  it 
as  you  can  st'e  Ujt^ka  unufluallj'  luagnitieeut, 
hall-hidLiet}  in  its  bath  of  Loudon  yellow 
clonils.  You  ain  acareelv  sec  the  large 
d«3ck-lace»  with  the  haiids  full  six  feet  long, 
itud  everything  hxiks  bo  dim  and  dark,  that 
wheo  yJu  hear  it  sti*ike  six,  you  Ikucy  it 
must  Imvt*  niiide  a  uiiatake.  and  jjone  too  fast 
in  tlie  nij^lit,  in  its  dmrta  to  get  through  the 
cold  season  txs.  quickly  as  poissiblg.  Stlil,  six 
»it  ni^^^it  it  cannot  Ik?,  for  the  shops  are  all 
iUut,  jind  lliere  ore  no  wcU-dresed  j>eop]e 
ubout,  hurrying  on  their  way  for  buuineaa  or 
ph'jawure,  A  policeman  sauntering,  three 
brickhtyeiV  labourers  hurrying,  and  one  fish- 
monger's  1  H>y  in  a  e;u-t,  ib'iving  the  honw  within 
ftji  iu'^h  of  a  general  amasli^  liave  thia  jiart  of 
the  thoroughfare  all  to  themselves-  Turn  to  the 
left  up  the  Old  Badey,  and  the  scene  changes. 
Newgate  la  there,  hard,  nubbly,  and  black  as 
usual,  and  St-SepulchruXwithits  tall  towerand 
hAls  tlial  toll  men  to  execution  lielow, — -both 
bteru,  <vJm.  But  round  alxjut  them  both  there 
is  a  very  whirlpool  of  life.  Noise  of  all  kinds 
— ^bellowiugs,  bleatings,  the  i-attle  of  ^heela, 
ihe  Iwu  king  of  doga,  the  sound  of  blows,  many 
and  I'itat,  the  ekitter  of  hoofii,  the  tnaup  of 
hui-ryin^'  feet,  with  ever  and  ever  rising 
above  all  a  ruimuig  chorus  of  execrations, 
nide  <tatlis  launched  by  brutaliiied  men 
agiiinat  infui-iated  over-diiven  hrute-bt-a-itfi. 
Vksb  on  from  the  Old  Bailey  towards  Smith- 
tield,  iuid  the  cmwd  thickens  and  thickens, 
audf  *t  ^«i<'h  Kteii  you  take,  up  splashes  the 
thick  yellowishdilac-k  aluBh  that,  literally, 
fluatdi  ou  all  sides.  Thousands  of  oxen  are 
(uicked  in  row8,  as  oloiie  as  so  many  soldiera 
in  a  line,  shoulder  to  shoulder,  whilst  acrea 
of  sheep  are  panting  away  the  little  spfui  of 
life  now  left  in  them,  as  butehers  and  salesmen 
are  making  teriufl,  and  drovera  are  yellbig 
t<j  dog9,  and  doa:.«i  plunging  amongst  hei*d8 
yet  unpenned.  Every  animal  you  see  haa 
heaving  6i»ie=,  iuid  open  mouth,  and  panting 
breath ;  and,  had  they  human  voices,  their 
thousand  drouthy    throats,    and    lolled   out 


rojL  n, 


p^roliing  tougiiea,  would  join  in  one  lone,  loud 
vftd\  drowniug  all  cries  iii  one  for  Water  1 
Water  I 

Take  care  of  yoiir  toes,  or  they  will  be 
trodden  ilown  by  droveiV  hobnailed  ahoea ; 
take  care  of  your  eyes^  or  they  may  be  probed 
by  the  ii-on  goads  at  the  end  of  droveiis' 
sticks  ;  take  caie  of  your  head,  or  it  may  be 
broken  by  blows  meant  for  an  unlucky  ox ; 
take  care  of  your  pockets,  for  all  the  thieves 
are  not  inside  the  budding  you  have  jiut 
passed,  and  where  canvas  money-bags  tm;  seen, 
there  nimble  lingers  uFteu  congregate.  The 
human  throng  is  aa  thick  tdmoet  as  the  quad- 
niped  one ;  and  for  blows  or  losses,  thei'e  is 
at  Smithfield,  ou  market  morning,  little  time 
cither  for  sympathy  or  retlresB. 

Ijook  out  upon  the  army  of  sheep,  oxen, 
cfdves,  and  jVtgH  there  dr:iwn  up,  all  full  of 
lift',  and  remember,  tlieu,  that  all  this  is  not 
three  days'  meat  for  Ijondou  ;  that  within  « 
¥reek  all  these  living  tlungs  will  have  been 
ktUed,  cooked,  eaten,  and  digested^ — th^-ir 
skins  in  the  tim-yards,  their  horns  in  the 
turners  workshop,  and  their  hoofs  in  the 
glue-pot.  Gone  ;  uae<l  up  ;  to  help  feed  Lon- 
don for  just  a  ft  w  tlayis,  and  you  will  have  ono 
element  for  making  up  a  notion  of  how  vMt 
an  affair  this;  s^nine  Loudon  is, 

But  Smitlilic'ld  is  not  a  safe  place  for 
abstraction. 

A  rush,  and  a  shriek,  and  a  heavy  fall,  and 
a  new  shower  of  oatha— ^ind  straightway  part 
of  the  crowd  proceeds  to  pick  up  a  wretched 
woman  who  is  trying  to  crossa  the  way  to  her 
workt  just  as  an  ox  which  ha*l  been  driven 
and  goade<l  all  night,  makes  a  iTnuid  tilt  at  hia 
tormentors.  The  ili-overs  had  driven  him  to 
mad  fury,  and  the  poor  charwoman  comes  in 
for  ihe  puniahmeut. 

"  Take  her  to  the  hospital,**  grumbles  a 
fat  saiesiuiiiii,  wh(j6e  proceedings!  are  inter- 
rupted by  the  thickening  of  the  cn:)wd  round 
about.  Her  boimet  has  fallen  off,  and,  as 
they  lift  her  up,  her  grizzled  hair  escapea 
from  her  t^p  and  hangs  down,  dabbled  m  tho 
slush.  Her  thin,  iM»verty-stricken  clothing 
offers  little  reaiatance  to  the  horn  of  the  ox, 
and  the  blood  shows  tluvt  the  blow  took  eflfoct 
on  her  side. 

"Take  her  to  the  hosjiiUd,"*  repeats  the 
fe.t  salesman ;  anrl  sti-aightway,  na  by  one 
consent,  and  with  very  few  words,  ft  polio©* 


\.^ 


456 


HOUBEHOLD  WORDS. 


rCowlneted  tar 


man  and  tlirfw  V^ggjun  bear  ber  off  to  the 
doom  that  stttnd  ever  oj>en»  ckiae  l>y»  for  i\w 
victiina  of  acddent  or  heavy  mdcnesa. 

S;utit  Bartholomew's  Hospital  now  atanda 
jiist  whore  it  atood  ccntariea  ago,  in  days 
when  Smitlifi«?ld  wsia  the  scene  of  holidiiy 
makiuga  and  execntiona ;  of  tilts  nnd  tour- 
nanieutti  before  kings  and  princca  at  one 
time,  and  of  death  agonies  of  political  cri- 
minaU  and  religious  martyrs  at  another.  The 
present  building  has  no  remnant  of  the  old 
one  in  its  construction ;  indeed,  the  hospital 
has  giTiw-n  to  five  times  its  original  extent. 
Patients  now-a-days  are  admitt^  at  a  gate 
nndi'r  the  colonnade,  where  proper  persons 
wait  night  and  <lny  to  receive  antferew  by 
accidents  and  otli»:*r  i  -.^m  ;  and  to  this 

gale  the  victim  of  ;  1  ox  is  brought. 

The  handle  of  th*L'  [»<  u  n.uigs  near,  and  one 
pull  brings  n  porter  to  the  gaU?,  The  words 
*•  An  A<'eident,  are  *  -  •■  i-  '  -  open  the  portal 
without  fnilher  pai  n-  old  woman  in 

a  few  more  minutu  u  examined  by 

the  house  surgeon  of  the  night,  and — her  in- 
juries l>eing  severe — isiplHC«?d  in  a  kind  of  sedan, 
and  carrier!  off  to  a  oed  in  the  female  ward, 
allotted  to  sruch  caeea.  Fbllowinc  her.  brings 
US  into  the  square  of  the  hctspitnl,  ancl  whilst 
she  is  being  tenderly  borne  acrotts  it,  and  up 
the  noble  wide  oak  gtalra  that  lead  to  the 
wards,  let  lu  stay  to  notice  the  pecaliarities 
of  the  place, 

Tlje  biiildingft  of  the  Hospitalj  abutting  on 
Smithfieldj  give  no  ide-a  of  the  I'eal  character,  or 
exact  extent  of  ilie  place.  They  are,  indeed, 
a  kind  of  outworks  to  the  main  structure, 
placed  where  they  are,  partly  to  give  tncreftMd 
nocommodation,  but  chiefly  to  occupy  a  apckce 
formerly  covered  by  tradesmen's  tall  houscB, 
which  »ome  yean*  ago,  ahut  out  the  air  and 
light  from  the  main  body  of  the  Hospital. 
These  wei  e  ijulled  down  to  let  in  the  air  from 
the  op«3n  space  of  Smithfield— for  it  must  be 
remembered  that  the  market  haa  its  quiet 
hours^  and  that  plenty  of  indifferent  air 
is  lictter  than  a  soarcitty  of  air  altogether. 
To  look  at  the  main  building,  then,  to  which 
thdAe  more  recent  stnictureH  have  been  added, 
we  atand  within  a  quadrangle.  In  the  centre 
of  the  cnclopcd  space  there  is  an  ugly  circular 
pump,  which  looks  like  a  »Uce  of  a  worn-out 
flMam  boiler  with  a  lamp  on  the  top,  whilst 
on  each  side  rises  a  large  and  handsome 
«tonc  building,  many  stones  in  height,  with 
long  row9  vi  wintlows,  and  each  ftide  having  a 
centrril  .lr,(ir  Miil  lirill  i.f  t»T>trrtnci\  from  which 
oak^l  r  is  divided  into 

two\v-''  !  'i-M^.  •  :••  -  i.i'td  and  one  sur- 
gical, and  each  ward  has  it»  ItttJe  body  of 
resident  otficer»  imder  the  command  of  a 
matronly  woman,  called  the  ".Sister."  All 
the  wards  are  christefned ;  some  af^er  bene- 
factors of  the  Hospital,  aomi^  after  the  names 
of  the  virtues,  some  after  the  charactere  of 
Bible  history.  Indeed,  it  may  be  said,  there 
are  wards  with  Christian  namea,  and  w&rda 


with  mercenary  naniei — the  one  given  from 
pious  motives,  the  others  from  pecunijuv  ^.th?«. 
The  names  are  all  written  on  the  '  e 

doore,  jmt  as  lawyers  nut  up  tli 
mens  on  the  sides  of  clinp'  portaLt  in  the 
Temple  or  Lincoln's-Iim.  T^ere,  on  one  side 
we  ace  written  "  Daiker,"  "  Sitwell,"  «  Harley," 
and  *'  Kenton'*  wai-ds,  named  after  peraons 
who  have  done  sert'ioe  to  the  place ;  wnilat  on 
another — the  Chiiattan  side — we  liave  *' La- 
zarus," ^'Job,"  "Luke,"  "Hope,"  "Faith," 
and  "  Charity.**  The  resident  officer  of  each 
of  these  is  named  aJ^r  her  wzurd — the  captain^ 
OA  it  were,  is  christened  after  the  ship^ — and 
we  hear  nothin:^  *^f  Mrs.  Jonea  or  Mrs.  Smith, 
but  onl\  Darker,"  and  '  <- 

w^ell,"'  pe,"  "Sister  J-  •  r 

Luke,"  "  j>i-rLr  iraith"  and  ' 

Many  of  these  women  ai^e  r 

way  ;  full  of  patience,  exwrunvc,  kuiuiusa, 
and  firmness,  lia^ing  witlial  the  modes  oi 
good  management  i*eqnisitc  for  t^-^^— -^tng 
order,  clean Uness,  quiet,  and  mi  tt  t 

in  places  where  dlaeaso  in  it^  -  ;  <, 

and  with  its  most  unple-a»iiit  s, 

ia  ever  present.    Ench  *iist<  r  ;  .^ 

— perhapo  more  like  a  little  ship "»  « rtlir*  Uian 
anything  else— fixed  np  in  one  comer  of  the 
ward.  This  is  her  sanctum,  having  its  tiny 
fire-grate  ;  its  bed  and  table,  and  chairs.  To 
this  Sister  Hope  can  retire  to  spc:'  '  ftio 
doctor,  or  to  take  her  quiet  c«]  1 

from  this  she  iMues  to  nde  ovei  m-i  mile 
kingdom  of  sick  patients,  and  hard  working 
nurses,  And  to  keep  all  under  her  Hway  in  aa 
much  comfort  as  tneir  condition  will  permit 
Each  ward  has  its  Vjath  and  oflicir  conveni- 
enoefl ;  and  each  its  speaking-pi pci»,  through 
which  orders  are  given  and  rcceiv.?d  from 
the  halt  ;  each  has  also  three  nnraas,  in  aiidi- 
tion  to  the  sister,  with  the  power  of  calling 
for  additional  aid  wh<m  re*]  '    m   the 

well-filled  rankfl  of  servants  )o  the 

place.  This  female  staff  has  oi<i m.uuj  twenty- 
six  patients  under  its  care ;  and  day  and 
night  there  is  always  one  nurse  at  lra>it  on 
duty,  to  attend  to  the  needs  of  the  sick. 
The  nurses,  indeed,  have  their  watches  like 
(iuamen  in  a  ahip,  the  night  nurse  g»»inj,'  on 
duty  at  eleven  o'clock,  and  beinjj  on  walch 
till  six  in  the  morning,  when  the  hospitjd  life 
of  the  day  is  commenced  by  the  medidnet 
licing  given  to  those  patients   w'  Nj 

receive  physic  more  than  once  in  a 

hours,     Scion  after  the  clock  stnk  -  t>? 

is  a  great  shaking  of  bottle*,  a  n  1  . *  - "  i '  i  n V 
of  wry  faces  amongst  the  tivj  hn  '  '  '<'fe 
people  who  tenant  Bartholomew  .  n 

the  next  half-hour  how  many  pf>ii  t 

of   pill,   and   how  many  quarts  <■ 

physic"  are  swaUowe<i,  "we  may  ►  ■>*'■ 

about  by-and-bye,  when  we  come  tu  look  uito 
the  Apothecary's  proceedings. 

Ha^-ing  described  thus  far  the  si>ec.ial  etaff 
of  one  wanl,  we  have  only  to  multiply  by 
twenty,  and  the  whole  hospitfti  may  b6,  thus 
far,  undemtood.    One  ward  mAy  M  appro- 


'I 


^ 


^ 


I 


priated  to  mc^lical  onaee,  in  dmti^  of  phy- 

$ici.'  '         ')f>r  t>  HCcuJyiit,^        '       ■*!♦ 

VLSI  ibl    rli»ea.Ae«!    •  i  r  . 

<?«!_  '.kvhliaB  tlie  knot  ..i    .    -...nt 

Htl  •  bavo  deseribecj.     The  [latienl^ 

ill  1:-  '  fnny  at  our'  time  imniber  only 

five  UWi  1  Jit  a.noll»er,  may  tuiuMiut  to 

nefcrly   ^  ed  :    but,   he  the    Bimjber 

%rli.ikt  it  uiAv,  tlii»'y  Alt!  aiTanged  in  compauiea, 
COutroUod  imd  attended  ns  we  have  seen. 

How  tbrs  large 
nervfinta,  Are  fed,  ; 
let  '       ' 


C 


.  with  the  needful 
ked,  and  teiided, 
e  to  see. 
iice,  the  woman 


of  diul,  according?  to  thMr  iM^dily  c<nidi(io». 
Hei-e   i  1^1  t»f  how  fi\'e  hundred 

and  til  3  were  ranked  on  the 

diet   li^;- .—*.>...  '■•■>    •■■"'    -'^V'-t-w*^  on 

•'  fuU  diet,"  a  hi  >  ius  this 

foUowing  ample  :.  iaj— on© 

pint  of  milk   porridge,   fourteen  ounces  of 
bread,   ment    >veightng   hatf  a   pound  when 
cooked,  ludf  A  pound  of  potAtoes,  beer,  two 
pints  for  ineu  and  one  pmt  f«*r  wom^n,  tm^ 
one  ounce  of  butter, 
which  would  be  thou 
by  niriny  folks  outsid 
the  pint  of  milk  jkh  i  ! 


I,„     V,..,....! 


sit 
to  ' 
qxi. 
I 
asLii  j 
know, 
stii: 
set 
lu. 
thi 
ApoI......i. 

theatre,  the 
museum,  the 


1  ha\ing  - 

injuries,  is:.  -  ..^  j,  .-.  -  .  ,  .  ^  - 
'  h^r  relief,  re-crosaes  the  .s^^vmre 
I'.  Let  UJ8  (jti  \sntK  Imu  tu  the 
1  I'-ok  aj;d  inouire  nVxtut  U5. 
Ill  i-past  aLx,  is  nut  very  nartially 
and  thougii  the  din  of  Suiithneld  is,  we 
closa  by,  the  hospital  has  an  iiir  of 
I'.  As  we  walk  r«jund*  we 
liire,  on  one  hand,  the  low 
— 'Tig  the  medicid  school, 
j:  for  out'patietitA.  the 
'.  and  ehop,  the  lecttiT" 
i  ixtrna,  the  library,  t  i 
I  e  (which  through  lii 
yefir  haa  an  avernge  of  one  tim&nt  for  ns  still 
w&lU  each  day),  and  the  receptacle  for  coffina. 
On  another  side  wo  find,  atlll  outaide  the  noble 
central  quadrangle,  the  collegiate  pjirt  of  the 
€stabli«hment,  including  the  house  in  which  a 
portion  of  the  studenta  live,  theii*  diniug-haU, 
and  th«  residence  of  the  ever-present,  ever- 
woj'king  warden  and  ndsistaot-flurseoiL  Mr. 
Po^et ;  and  in  the  near  neighbouniooo,  the 
pnrjfer}',  some  eurgienl  wardaTor  special  caaea, 
and  the  operating  theJitre.  On  a  third  flank* 
we  find  within  the  hoapiLal  boundary  nothing 
IcfiS  than  the  church  of  St.  Bartholomew  the 
Lett ;  and  the  reaaon  of  a  parish  church  being 
shut  up,  as  it  were,  within  the  confines  of  a 
apecial  establislmient.  Is  eiphuned  by  the  fact, 
that  the  hoBpital  iteelf  covers  the  whole 
parish,  with  the  exception  of  some  three  or 
four  houses  !  So  that  the  place  has  its  o^vn 
p*r<M*hial  jurisdiction,  it?i  own  parish  church, 
ita  o^-n  pariah  meetiugs,  its  own  parish  v.  , tries, 
A&d  its  own  pariah  rates.  It  stand'*,  indeed, 
a  little  ])rincipality,  as  it  wei-e,  of  its  own, — 
with  the  hiws  of  charity  for  its  instituiions ; 
doctors  ajid  surgeons,  and  almoners,  for  Its 
ministrra  and  chief  officers;  »tewsupda,  and 
nijitrojiri.  and  wani-eistersi,  for  its  officers ; 
nureea,  und  suraerj'  men,  and  cooks,  and  ct>nar- 
Tuen  for  its  aulxirdiuates ;  and  the  siolc  and 
poor  of  the  modem  Baliylon  for  iU?  eubjecti*. 

To  feed  the  large  iiiudly  residinz  in  the 
huge  hoapilaJ  is  a  serious  affaij'.  It  Ijeing 
now  seven  in  the  morning,  and  the  phvslcking 
l>«ing  over,  the  Duim«  pay  their  firat\asit  for 
the  day  to  tlie  buttery,  to  fetch  the  allotted 
<jaantitica  of  food  served  out  in  the  morning. 
Tlie  p-itienta  are,  of  conrse,  on  different  Bcalea 


*'  iJrothHLliet ''  broth  and 


f  l>eor, 
r  In 
ed 

lUg 


la  gr 

I  fur  the  meat  and  beer,  th*;' 

i  nearly  the  same,  with  the  addition  that  the 

ixttatoc*  arc  mashetl,  and  made  nioiy  accv[>- 

^  table  to  sick  stonuichs.    "  Milk-tliet "  almost 

I  explains  itself,  it   being   cJiicHy   milk,   with 

the  a«lditiou  of  rioe,  sago,  arrow-root,  and 

bread. 

The  jsero  of  this  feeding  scale,  '*  Low  Diet," 
means  those  thin  comfoits-'ijruel,  or  barley- 
vt  .f,>r      Phtients  needing  them  have  extra 
;ceA,    when    oi-dered   by   the    medical 
-.  such  JV3  mutton-chops,  l»eef-tea,  eggs. 
I  pudding,  jelh',  ptirter,  ale,  xiiue,  bnmdy,  juia 
j  — hear  it,  Oh,  Father  Mathew— si^in  /      No 
I  wouder  that  the  poor  who  have  once  tosiod 
I  the  comforts  of  Bartholomew's  in  days  of 
nickness    and    tribulation    should    wish   for 
them  again.     The  futlowiug  scale  in  for  one 
day  in   December  1850:— On   full   diet,  IRi 
patients,  66  of  them  with  extra  a]l'iw;uices  ; 
148  on  half  diet ;  l.'ilon  milk  ;  the  remainder 
being  fed  on  broth,  beef-tea,  rice-milk,  arrow- 
root, and  aogo. 

The  meat  m^ed  on  the  same  day  in  the 
hospital  for  natientfi  and  tntrsf*?,  weighed 
three  hundred  and  four  p  Ivs  h;df- 

a-hundred  weight  of  beef^li  .  .  making 

together  three  humlred  and  aixiy  pounds. 
With  this  noble  diah  of  mutton  and  l>eef,  Aiuj* 
hundred  and  forty  pouudt?*  weight  of  bread 
was  eaten,  accompanied  by  about  one  hundred 
and  tifty  pounds'  weight  of  potatocM,  tbiily 
T)ounda  of  butter,  fifly  eggs,  washed  down 
by  fifty  gallona  of  milk,  and  the  butler  only 
kiiowB  How  many  gallons  of  beer.  Not 
a  bad  day*s  eating  fur  a  sick  liouae !  A 
mouth'a  butcher's  bill  corner  to  one  hundred 
and  fifty  pounds  ;  and  a  year's  consumption 
maket  "a  very  stroiig  array  of  %ure«.  Hera 
they  are — 

24 


ilk 


Tina  i^  a  glimj)****  af  tht-  fiimwhijtv  -side 
the  hospital  fare.  We  shall  prt  sently  ttnd  souid 
atartliog  &ctH  eonn<*cted  with  the  afMithccarie*' 
department,  one  of  which,  however^  w«.  vmmj 


460 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


<.CoBauM»d  (y 


I 
I 


give  here  as  aji  addenilujji  to  the  above  itemA 
uf  pearly  coiiBuiuption.     It  ia  thia  : 

1302  gaUocift  of  bliick  ilmaght ! 

It  would  surely  take  .1  whole  statiatical 
eociety  to  diMOovei*  how  tUi'iuy  wry  f;icea  aru 
(Ij-awii  over  th«  awallowiug  of  aueh  itn  ocean 
of  a-ilta  aad  rieuiuu 

Wliil-Mt  we  have  been  gohji<  over  tkia  «um- 
niaiy  of  htH^pital  dietetics,  all  tlic  IhmIs  have 
becu  made,  the  hospital  breakHiat  haa  iKieu 
got  lUrouj^b,  aud  anather  half  hour  of  our 
viait  haa  dlinped  by.  Tlie  Bound  of  the  clock 
atrikin^^  eiglit,  quickens  the  steps  of  certain 
tardy  students,  who  are  now  seen  hurrying 
away  to  prayei-s  in  the  church,  whence  ihey 
KRHTitje  in  about  twenty  minuteii  to  meet  at 
breakfaat,  iu  the  collegiate  dining  hall,  wuch 
of  their  coiupaniona  an  eschew  the  eai-ly  siu*- 
vice.  The  luoming  uieaJ  having  been  dis- 
cueae^l,  the  future  doctors  tnidge  off  at  nine 
o'clock  to  the  Lecture  Hidl,  t4.i  begin  their 
acholaatic  day  with  anatomy  and  phyaiolt^y. 
Whilst  all  thia  goea  on,  tlie  Apothecary,  or 
the  "  Hou»e  Doctor,"  aa  he  is  familiarly  calletl, 
la  going  through  the  ph}«ic*U4n'»  wards,  and 
the  •'  drefisers  '*  are  busy  with  atrappiJigrt,  bau- 
dageis,  ointuieuta,  and  roUei's,  amongst  the 
eurgii^  patients ;  altcndiiij^'  to  woaudy,  jind 
making  alJ  "  whip  i3liiif>e  ''  ag.utist  the  arrival 
of  the  au|>erior  medical  stalV,  ly  and  by.  The 
**  Clinical  ckrkH  '*  are  also  buny  at  bed-sitlea, 
taking  down  notes  of  symptoms,  of  the  action 
of  rtMueilies,  and  the  progress  of  special  ca^es 
— fdl  remarkable  instances  of  diaejise,  having 
their  chroniclerM,  who  watch  each  litage  of  the 
patient's  pnigreea  from  the  tlay  of  adtnissiou 
to  tiie  hour  of  cure,  or  death — adding  to  each, 
when  the  result  ia  fatal,  tlie  after-death 
a]»peAraneea.  Tiy  ten  o'clock  the  Btudenta  are 
lietni  leaving  tlu?  anatomical  theatre  for  the 
neighbouring  one,  where  chemistr}'  reigns 
supreme  amongst  a  liont  of  bottlej*,  retorts, 
crucibhw,  test-glasaoa,  and  the  thouBand  and 
one  phiUw«<»phical  nivknacks,  n>:iking  up  tlie 
chenntit*a  toola.  Whilst  ft  great  dem  tif  ditii- 
cnlt  talk  h  going  on  here  about  oxygen^  that 
giant  amongst  eleniental  things,  and  hia  cuui- 
pouions  hydrogen,  and  nitrogen,  and  carlxku, 
the  nursea  are  off  to  the  store  for  arrow-root, 
and  sago,  and  other  gooil  things,  in  one  place, 
an<l  nnother  part  of  the  (^riLahliHlinient  is 
rapidly  tilting  with  the  large  clawa  of  patienta 
who  iire  relieved  ^^ith  inlvice  and  medicine, 
but  not  received  into  beik  in  the  hospital. 
On  ^riiuradaya  tlua  clasij  of  applicants  is  moat 
uumeroufl,  [>ec^uee  on  that  day  a  certain 
numl»er  of  the  moat  aeriona  casea  arc  sekcted 
from  their  ranks,  to  fill  any  bL-ds  that  may 
have  become  vacant  This  being  known,  p»>or 
psople  are  ofLeii  aeen  aiuongat  the  throng  who 
have  come  ten,  twenty,  thirty,  and  sometimea 
tifty  miles  in  the  hopv  of  obtaining  the  help 
of  the  institution. 

Tlie  patienta  enter  Vty  the  colonnade  seen 
from  ^milMeld.  Passing  the  outer  portal, 
there  are  two  doors  •  oup  for  women,  and  one 


for  men ;  and  theiie  lead  to  two  separate 
rooiuH.  By  eleven  o'clock  the  fomia  witU 
which  thc*e  apartments  aiT  tilled,  are  lined 
with  people  of  aJl  Ji^^e*,  from  the  liaby  & 
month  old,  oickening  with  meaalea  or  hooping 
couglt,  to  the  old  crone  of  seventy,  groiuung 
with  old  age,  which  she  declares  to  be 
"  roomatix,  which  the  doctors  can  cuj-e." 
Such  a  collection  of  aickly,  unli.it.ov  fi.-4?,i, 
and    auch    a    variety    of   dirty,  d 

clothes,  with  here  and  there  a  *i  i^d 

finery,  muat  only  be  looked  for  in  Llnj  wuit- 
ing  room  of  a  large  hoapitaL  Here  and 
there  you  may  see  a  handsome  fiujie,  nn<l  her© 
and  there  an  mtereating  one  ;  but  the  majo- 
rity of 't  waiters  for  h«  h  '  '  to 
the  cln  p  »m  fidla  the  g<  ,  iit 
of  the  \v.-,A,  ^i.'iof  ri'f  ■'•  V  ■  fte 
ri  to  ks  of  i  u  j  u  ly  «>f  a  g  I'es  *                                       -  i  - 

ognoniy,  though  full  of'. .  j udl 

chdm  to  eoitd  looks.  The  crowd  of  patienta 
ttecomea  thicker  and  thicker  aa  el 


a  -:.'.:•  lock 

r,>d 

'  n 

n-h 
1-14 

Ml  ;dl 
norder. 
but  alt 


draws  netu*.  Kows  of  mothers  ui 
with  rowa  of  children  with  me;' 
with  hooping  couglw,  cluldren  t> 
above  all  in  number  and  dia<'niiiii 
and  chddren  with  cough  ; 
stages  of  that  populai'  I 
Scarcely  anyboily  tidka  to  a  n.  i-ur 
sit  waiting  for  the  man  who  is  to  leil  their 
doom — tlie  doctor.  In  one  part -<  'I"  f-'x^m 
enormous  earthen  |>itchei'3  dcctii  mt 

fille<l    up   aa  lui  appwndago    to  r  .  iT> 

where  sidves,  and  plaaterB,  and  "house 
physic,"  and  cough  mixtuit-a,  are  dispetiactd 
with  great  reiiaine^  when  wimtcd.  At 
eleven  o'clock  the  apothecary  ent«r8  th^ 
acene,  with  a  handful  of  tickets  differently 
marked.  Beginning  at  the  end  of  the  tirat 
form,  he  commences  hia  tirwt  ex  '      1  of 

th(i  out  fwiticmtfi — a  task  that  hxi  to 

occupy  the  whole  <Liy.  **  What  i^.  ,^  ,  ...  ih*> 
rapid  mqairy ;  and  while  these  woivia  come 
with  a  jerk,  :^  it  were,  from  his  tongue.  hi» 
rapid  practised  eye  ia  scanning  the  face  of  the 
patient,  and  his  finger  ia  tWling  a  puke. 
The  few  first  worda  of  the  patient  tell  him  alt 
he  nceda  ;  and  in  another  second  he  has,  if  it 
be  a  trifhng  caae,  selected  one  of  the  tickeUp 
with  the  injunction,  "G«t  timt  mtdicim?. 
Take  a  dose  twice  a-day.  Come  here  itgam 
the  day  after  to-morrow,**  In  half  a  momeut 
more — "  What  ia  it  1  "  startlea  the  next  on 
the  fomi.  Another  tongue  ia  out ;  lUiotUer 
face  hm  been  acanned ;  an* I  the  ticket  and 
direction  given  ;  and  "  Wfiat  ia  it  ? "  aaaaiU 
patient  No.  3  ;  and  so  the  work  goes  on  more 
rapidly  than  thiadeacription  ha-s  1  lU 

\V  hen  a  case  of  i oj  ury  ia  nrno  ■  1  ^  ig, 

the  patient  is  sent  off  to  thi-  '  y, 

from  whence  groans  iind  «■  '»w 

and  tlien  aound  out  to  atarUf  uu>:i  ii'tmfy 
those  whfjse  turn  ia  yet  to  come.  More  than 
a  thousand  ]>eoplc  are  seen  and  prescnbed  for 
every  week  in  thia  pL'u:e  ;  this  aiek  multitude 
af&jrding  the  main  bulk  of  the  applicants, 
from  whose  ranks  the  gi^eater  part  ot  the  in* 


TWENTY-FOUR  HOURS  IN  A  LONDON  HOSPITAL. 


461 


k 


1^ 


jpatientB,  tlmt  is,  th«  people  lakeu  into  the 
uuiifle,  ai'e  recruited.  Diseases  have  t\w\v 
Beaaona  here,  in  Smithfield,  jiiat  aa  fruits  and 
ilowers  have  theira  in  Covent  Ganien,  and 
iireexpecte4lwitbalnn>ijt  the  same  puncttmUly  -^ 
the  two  givat  staple  facts  being  that  winter 
euoniiDualy  inereiises  the  coughs  and  chest 
aflt'ctioiis,  whilst  surumerbriiiga  dinrrhoea,  and 
Othfjr  atfectioriB  of  the  bowel*. 

During:  mpid  exaraiiifttiou  of  patients  in  the 
rewpt  ion -room,  thoscj  who  itquire  something 
mortt  than  an  off-hand  plivmc  ticket,  or  a 
trifliug^  0]jer:itiuu,  are  kept  back  to  be  pre- 
«enbed  for  by  the  surgeon  or  a|M>thecani' ;  the 
worst  ease?>  of  all  r«ceiv»ug  h^ttei-K;,  and  being 
fient  to  another  apariiii<  f '  -Ji  ,|  the  admis- 
fiioii-rooni,  in  which  thr;  tuolher  and 

more  delibeilite  examin:  .         r  which  tlie 

■worst  of  all  are  admit te<i  to  the  wrirda,  to  b« 
there  kept  till  they  are  well.  One  ingenious 
plan,  aniuiigBt  many  adopted  in  this  hospital, 
may  be  here  natneti.  The  letters  arc  printed 
Jn  different  coloure<i  iidts.  Some  are  yellow, 
«onK>  blacky  some  reii.some  preen,  brown,  and 
l)hie.  Thefic  aix  colon  re  indicate,  at  a  glance, 
to  the  offieiftle  the  name  of  the  medical  r>tlicer 
under  whoae  ehargc  the  patient  ia  ;  and  simple 
as  each  a  matter  may  at  first  bccui  to  be,  it-s 
praelical  v;due  i^  really  very  j^a'eat.  Thus, 
suppose  red,  blue,  and  black,  are  physiciaii't 
colours,  and  yellow,  green,  and  brown,  »ur- 
ffeoii*6  colours,  the  general  cluu-acter  of  the 
diseaae  of  the  patientij  is  known  at  once.  £ut 
more  than  this,  retl  means  a  particular  pliysi- 
ciaii,  ajiy  Dr.  Roupc'll,  then  blue  may  mean 
Dr.  Burrows,  whilst  yellow  means,  not  ouly 
gurgcoti''s  case,  but  Air.  Lawrence's  case,  and 

freen  Mr.  .Stanley's  or  Mr.  Lloyd's.  With  a 
07.en  or  a  hundred  sick  people  such  distinc- 
tiouM  may  be  unncceiisary,  but  where,  as  in 
Barlholomcw'ti  Hospit;U  in  1840,  seventy- 
seven  thoimand  5even  liundred  and  ten 
patients  ask  relief  in  one  year,  all  and  every 
means  for  obtaining  rapid  moile^  of  classifica- 
tion become  most  important. 

Btit  the  clock  aaya  it  waMt-s  but  a  quai-ter 
to  twelve,  aiid  the  receiving,  or  Ciiaualty 
rooraR,  being  cleared  of  the  crowd  that 
throufjod  it  an  hour  ago,  let  us  pa.s3  to  the 
AdntTSsiitiU'Iloom— the  second  stage  of  tlie 
paliint'R  progress  into  In^pital.  Here  the 
morfi  serious  aspects  of  diseaiie  begin  to  pre- 
(Knt  themselves,  'llie  large,  an*l  rather  noble 
looking  old  room  has  forms  like  the  other, 
but  they  have  liacks  to  them,  against  which 
the  stck  and  weaiT  may  lean.  'Tlie  gapin^f 
lLM»k  tluit  was  maaifeat  amongst  the  "casujJs  * 
is  not  seen  here.  The  verj'  sick  have  little 
time  for  curiosity.  Pale-feceil  women  are 
seated  Oil  llie  one  sirle ;  men,  with  hea^ls 
bandaged  and  aims  in  slings,  on  the  other. 
M**/iti<-  .^.^,1M  fiiit  from  what  seem  to  Ihi  mere 
nifK-  hoH,  great  c^^Mila,  wrajjping  haiid- 

)ifi  i  !*hawl8  ;  crumpled  up  forms  lie 

on  liie  seal,  still  an«l  silent,  oblivious  of  all 
save  the  couittant  pain  that  brings  them  here  ; 
tip  in  the  comer  yondio*  is  a  young  girl  with 


a  cheek  blociining  like  i  ^om,  and  eye 

bright  as  ihat  of  the  fal  but  the  long 

thin  tiugej-a,  with  their  dhm n  i  '  U — 
aiul,  hark!    the  cough — tell   t>1  ;lir 

that  nhe  is  blooming  only  for  tiit.  w* '^.  -L^caj" 
her  see  tliat  girls  phawl  rise  on  her  breast— 
you  may  count  the  pulses  of  her  liciu-t,  Go 
neai-  her,  and  listen,  and  you  may  hear  them. 
She  too,  cheerful  as  she  seems,  in  her  youth 
}i.nd  her  s\n,  la  sure  to  iia;^  away  suckieuly 
and  Boon,  and  without  tiic  time  lor  thought 
and  preinuiition  vonch8afi?d  to  her  conr- 
sumptive  neighlxmr,  for  she  Iiixa  disease  of 
the  heajt — the  mo.'^t  fright ful,  j>eHuif»»,  of  all 
the  diseases  of  our  modem  civilisation,  be- 
cause so  sure  to  slay  with  little  warning, 
P.nt  the  alrnvHcrs  and  the  dortoi-aare  coming, 
and,  a>*  they  approach,  we  have  just  time  for 
a  glance  at  the  arrangement*  inad<'  iV^r  tbem. 
The  room  ia  lar^,  with  heavy  panueied  sides. 
l<x)king  old  and  solid.  The  walls  are  well 
dotted  about  with  scripture  texts,  apeidiiug  of 
religion  and  charity.  On  the  slielf  is  an  ohi 
car\*cd  wocKlen  tigure  of  a  ciipplc,  in  the 
costume  of  two  or  three  centuries  ago  ;  and 
in  one  comer  of  the  room  another  and  lai^gier 
wooden  model  of  a  cripj)le,  painted  in  irnitn- 
tion  of  life-  This,  in  former  days,  when  each 
house  hiid  its  sign,  w.os  hung  out  in  front  of 
the  hoapltai  in  bmithfiehl,  to  tell  the  «n- 
letterei^l  crowd  the  nature  of  the  building,  and 
probably  to  excite,  in  favour  of  its  inmates,  tht» 
charitable  feelings  of  pjissers  by.  One  corner 
of  the  room  has  a  pi>rtlt>n  converted  into 
a  small  distinct  ajuirtment*,  or  brge  closet, 
into  which  i  re,  when  needful,  taken 

for  pnvate  t  .  ;  whilst  ctpjxisile  this, 

and  on  the  i ^i    -tie  of  a  noble  sized  fire* 

pkce  (with  fire  enough  in  it,  in  winter  time, 
to  roast,  u  j1i,  ,  t.i  ]■<  .1  portion  paititioned  oft' 
and  e«i  r  the  almoner  and  me- 

dical vv  1  in  admitting  patients. 

It  is  soon  eviih'tit  iliut  the  absolute  presence 
of  serious  diseiuwj  is  suflicient  to  secure  a  bed, 
at  all  limes,  for  those  who  greatly  need  it^ 
though  an  ancient  form  of  petition  ia  still 
kept  up — and  it  is  ^ut  a  form.  This  the 
surferer  is  supposed  to  iill  up  and  present. 
It  nins  as  foil*  "ws : — 

"To  the  Worshipfiil  the  President,  Trea- 
surer, Mid  (toveniors  of  St.  Bartholomew's 
Hospital, — The  humble  Petition  of ,  re- 
siding at  ,  in  the  pariah  of  ^ ,  and, 

belonging  to  tlie  parish  of ,  showeth,  that 

your  petitioner  is  alflicted  with  -  -,  and  is 
likely  to  perish  without  the  charitable  as- 
sist^ince  of  tills  house;  therefore  humbly 
prays  to  be  a*lmitted  into  the  said  Il«>spitiu 
for 'cure,  and,  as  in  dtity  bonnd,  will  ever 
pray.'* 

A  note  in  the  comer  says,  "  Here  state  the 
name  and  wldlf  s&  of  any  relation  or  fiicnd  of 
the  petitioner  ;  *' — ^bat  this  signature  is  not 
insisted  uix»n. 

At  twelve  o'clock  the  ceremony  of  wry  Gioea 
and  physic  swallowing  goes  forw:iiril  in  JiJJ 
directions,  and  precisely  at  that  hour  on  tliesn 


III 


p 
^ 
^ 
p 


ft 


inn  hnrarlay  mornings,  the  almoner, 

anu  ,.  uinl  Mirgi^on^  enter  the  juirais- 

«iou-itj_ui    Ironi    llie  hall,  nU^rnifxl   by   tl 
bffuUey  iinrl  itMiiiiIlv  by  lUAtron  uth\  eicvnw 
Abo\it   dtjhty   to    a,    hundred    jKitientK    iu»* 
iiBuiklly   pr»'s*«^tit,   th*^   majority  >»ein«4    mtUes. 
111*!  uumlM»r  of  V?-  ""♦  i""!"  l»«ing  r»']''^^-"' 
Ihe  wt'dical  i»Uierj  i*M;4sk  of 

lion.     One  afier  n  i**   luuuea   - 

patients   iuo«t   La    need  are  wrllt^?n  on   the 
]j*?tilion>4,     Thi>*  i\imv^,  tlio  names  of  the  appli- 
cants, To  whom  h«sii  have  been  allott«<l,  firt» 
rand  aloud.  t!x«  li«t  of  women  iiein«  calhwl 
over  Hrot ;  th<j  men  next.     The  ntiinl»cr  thtia 
selft'ted  for  tncaliiieut  "  in  the  houwfl  *'  vjiri«'s 
very  much,  htit  bfin^'  fiuttlod  for  the  d       '' 
word*  **  No  mon.'  Indn  vaocitii  *'  are 
out,  and  th«>He  **HI1  uvuitinji^  receive  htL<...  .... 

oat-|witieuti},     'J'he  aist^T**  of  the  ward    next 
octt?r  th«»  roouj  to  naiskr  tin*  tvimM  iJlotted  to 
each.     The  naniea  of  the  patient*  for  Hope 
are  called  out  by  Sister  IIoj>e,  when  o(V  siie 
uiai\ih('«,  with  tii«m  in   the   utm',  to   Hope 
Ward,    Sister  Charitv  then  *j:'"t't*  through  her 
liat,  which  ihn\t\  otl  she  Widks  with   jjer  flock 
of  Biek   behind   her.  and  «o  on  nntil  all  are 
draiVd  t*^tvan.lBi  till  '  in  the 

bnildin)(.     TIiomc  i  lefidly 

^..  L. .,-/,.,-...  ..  ,..,,,-,.     ijt-,.,, -•  .--i;,^  taken 

t  ••   l»ed«  thi«y  an*   put  into 

I  I    those   who    need    it   have 

Bui  K-nls  lent  them  ;  though  almost 

all,  .  comply  with  the  usual  require-. 

nieui.M  of  a  hoKpitaJ,  and  bring  with  tliem  the, 
clot  lung  requi«ito  for  a  sick  befl. 

Aa  tn«  patients  thus  file  off,  a  balance  of 

E'ed  candidates  are  seen  beint;  lifted  into 
or  iH'irjg  hvl   l»y  their  friends  through 
ospital  gato«.     AVKiut  ftix  thousand  in- 
Eatienta  ai'*»  udinilted   t*very   year,  hut  even 
IrtHholouiew'H,  \^vg\;  sih  it  J«,  cannot  hold  all  t 
who  ask  adnii^-i"''  t.,  if^  u-nr.l^  j 

By  alK>ut  J  'lis  fwlection,! 

9«paration,    m  i    uie   sick   haa 

been  tlnlehed  ;  and  an  many  of  them  r«ich 
the  wardrt,  tlm  tirat  wound  they  ht'.'ir  is  a 
voice  up  the  speaking  tubes  that  tells  it  ia 
dinner-tinio.  tJm*  |«:trter  mjdcea  thia  known 
in  a  very  few  minutes  through  aJl  the  rooms 
in  an  eutirt*  wing,  f«>r,  in  the  hall^  niugcd  aide 
by  aiciCf  ai'e  moulh-pieces  coniunuiicjttinjG; 
with  each  wai'd.  l^p  comes  the  voiee»  and  off 
file  thtT  uurniH  with  llieir  cards  and  ticketa 
ahowinpr  bow  n»ar»y  dinners  they  are  to  rfniw, 
and  of  what  kind. 

The  food  for  five  hundr^tl  peojilo  Laving 
been  »er\*e*i  out,  taken  to  lied-sidef*,  and  ward- 
tables,  and  arranged,  another  half-hour  haa 
pfone,  and  by  this  time  the  neighl>ourhood  of 
the  Apothecai7'B  shop  is  beaieged  by  hosts  of 
out-patients  waiting  to  aee  tlic  asaistant- 
physicians,  and  assist trnt-aur  f,  when 

they    have   been   j^r^xmbed  ng  for 

the  physil'    rl "^     «.-  to  lake. 

The  '«   iihop    and   that   physic 

fiwtory— ^  iLory^ — which  adjoina  it  are 

Mnongst  the  meet  curiona  portions  of  the 


entire  cBtablinhment.     Pjiaiing  through    tli^ 

tltrontr    of    pntieutj* — who     (wMOPn    in     outr 


OS  in  the 


dten  or  t 


1-1   »tone   and   the  roof  iiigiu    On  ont3    &id9 
fximes    a    ateam-cnc^nc ;    n^xt   it    arc    Ixr^ 
coj)pers  tlxcil  in   ' 
c« I »ft?'i( »vi n  eoveri i 


rtf«  cnouj: ! 
uly  of  pri; 


is  one  of  the  oti 

louM'wV.  ri^i^mi*  i!  , 

of  atillfl,  funnels,  crucibles,  eva] 

and  jtolent  things.    He  raises  oi. 

inch,  when  out    j^niRhee  n  frayi 

ateam  of  Itoiling  sivraa^iarilhi  ;  h« 

and  we  note  the  Koporitic  fuiuL*^  of  aji  up  of] 

poppies.      A   little    further    on   we    8e«?   an 

fwaistant   nii^ '  '*  '  ' 

ajTuyie  and  > 

casks  full  ot  v...  f-  ..J.  T.i  (i  ,1 

with  large  m.^ivn's  of  Hugnr  :  -"S* 

in  the  pi^panition  of  a  p  ^t 

cougha.     How   many  mill, 

must  have  blossomed  in  qui- 

rows  before  even  one  of  five  caaka  ccnjid   \nr 

filled  with   the  pulp   of    hips :    how    mihxir 

brij^ht  autumn  days  must  hare  Wn  fpeut  (ti 

gatherini^  the  rifje  fiiiit  of  tho.-.^  wild  Howem 

from  the  rural  Ent^lirth  bank  w? 

They  c^iuie  chiefly  fi-oni  li  tid 

are  plucke<i  by  euildren,  wu  »   i.  ik-  <<^.   ihe 

aee^ln    an-l    wtore    up  the  pulp,   wlJch  cotut** 

hereby  'ii--  hni.,i....).\v.  l.*i!.i' 

But  I  t«j« 

are  not  .  ^  -ia 

to  anteli  as  the  rose  fniita  and  tli-  la.. 

Tl)e  ni»'ii  in  the  corner  thijre,    >>  i*^ 

and  extracting  the  jjoiaonous  juiccii  oi  iiciibaiic 
and  ffjxgiove,  and  monkahood.  The  rumen- 
come  ol>.t  and,  liardetje<l  aa  they  arc  to  tb^ 
work,  they  will  all  ptiifer  morv*  or  Ie«3  fiom 
their  t?islc,  ll>efore  they  have  vloue.  Thfjr 
are  alwri>*,  more  or  less,  aick  after  it^  ana 
were  they  always  ao  employed,  it  would 
doubileas  cost  them  their  lives.  Happiiy  & 
little  poison  ffoea  a  long  vrny,  and  to*njo(P- 
row,  or  next  day,  they  will  W en^jigetl  in  th© 
more  harmlefia  duty  of  mixing  Uie  thirleeu 
galloiiii  of  Vdack  doae,  which  the  hou8*  n*» 
(luires  regularly  twice  a  week,  nnd  somntlioe* 
thrice!      All  round  the]!  '»ti- 

taining  hot  diatilled  watei  "U* 

veying  steaiu,  by  means  oi 
heat  can  be  got  under  the  •     ■ 
or  in  the  tX)ppeiiB.    The  »' 
the  comer  is  made  of  soli  i'-,'h 

hulding  about  a  ^loa  onl),  .  .       i  it 

coirt  mleeu  pouuOa.    Next  this  dlBh  standa  m 


^i 


hyflrostatic  press,  by  which  a  weight  ofoDehtiu- 
ilrcd  totu*  cam  \^  brought  down  upon  any  dn^s* 
to  sqtieeso  out  the  last  drops  of  their  uaeml 
jwicPB.  for  economy  goes  hand  in  hand  with 
abnndancu  m  this  nart  of  the  eatablishment, 
HA  the  well  Hini  daboratcly  kept  books  show. 
Next  the  hiboralory  la  a  kind  of  store-room, 
full  <;nough  of  physic  to  frij^hteu  a  dNTspeptic 
Tn/ui  into  health — and  that  'a  saying  a  great 
deal.  Tlie  drugs  come  here  in  their  niw  state, 
hnd  are  made  up  in  the  laboratory,  on  one 
side,  to  bo  difipensed  in  th«  aftothecary'a 
shop  on  the  other.  In  tli)s  place,  in  a  year 
they  use  enormous  of  di'ug«,  and 

Bonie  of  the  single  1  )  drawers,  hold 

an  amount  of  value,  .surpriiiing  to  recount. 
One  bottle  holds,  in  fiokition,  as  nmch  iodide 
of  |K>t4ujd — a  thing  lai-gely  used — sts  cost  at 
wholesale  price,  fifteen  ponnds.  In  the  drawers 
y*m  may  »ee  sixty  or  eeventy  pound**  worth 
of  bark — about  a  yeai^^s  consumption,  beaidea 
wt.  -  f'  -iv^vc  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  a 
>  i-^nt  upon  quinine!     As  all  this  is 

he  amaller  branches  of  a  particular 

d  of  tSouth  American  oak,  what  forests 
must  be  needed  to  keep  up  the  supply  for 
this  one  hospitAl  alone ! 

B<^tw^en  two  find  three  hundred  pounds 
,11  i'very  year,  for  strong  sound  port 

^  he  sick  poor.    It  is  bought  in  pipes 

'  off  aa  needed.  Nearly  two  thou- 
^  nk    weight    of    castor    oil;    two 

i  .lilons  of  spii-itB  of  wine,  at  seven- 

'  I  gs  a  gallon  ;  twelve  tons  of  linseed 

J  tiousand  pounds  weight  of  senna ; 

t  'U   hundi-ed-weight    of  salta  ;   are 

li  the  annual  account  for  drugs.     The 

giiUitl  toUil  spent  upon  phytic,  in  a  twelve 
month,  being  two  thousand  six  hundred 
pounds.  Five  thousand  yanls  of  calico  are 
wanted  for  roller?*,  for  (jandag^in^ ;  to  say 
]    ''  f  the  stouter  and  stifter  tabric  uaed 

rs.  More  than  half  a  hundred- 
>^  .^,..,  M  saraaparilla  is  used  every  week,  a 
mgn  how  much  the  constitution  of  the  patients 
requires  improvement.  In  a  year  twenty-nine 
thiOuaand  seven  hundred  leeches  were  lK>u^ht 
for  the  use  of  the  establishment— an  invasion 
of  foreigners  without  parallel,  until  we  have 
the  influx  of  the  Great  Exhibition — for  the 
leeches  brought  to  bite  and  die  in  this  London 
Hospitfd  are  gathered  in  France  and  Poland, 
in  Africa  ana  Spain.  A  ton  and  a  half  of 
treacle  is  fmnually  used  to  make  some  kinds 
*.f  ^v^..n  -  tji^  gyg  casks  of  hips,  which,  mixed 
V  -  of  sugar,  makes  linctus  for  coughs, 

1  .  rilreadj  mentioned,  but   one  little 

fact,  ill  iidditiooj  respecting  it  should  not 
pusa  unnoticed.  This  preparation  for  coughs 
ia  i-ed  ill  colour,  and  looks  fruity,  and  tastes 
somewhat  sweet,  havicg  still,  however,  an 
*'     "  As  winter  comes  thfi  coughs  in- 

*^'  I  the  demand  upon  the  stock   of 

1  lnjavier  and  heavier.    This  is 

ovided  for  ;  but  on*^  aea»on  it 
ii . .  .^.i.  *.».-.!  even  than  usual.  The  Aame 
oluldreu  and  the  same  women  came  again 


and  ftgain,  most  perse veringly  ;  whrn,  in  con- 
sequence  of  some  inquiries,  it  wn«  lojmd  that 
one  of  the  moat  urgent  claimant*  for  the 
favourite  ph}^ic  lived  by  selling  little  sweats 
and  pies  to  children,  in  a  back  strt-i't,  ih'at 
Smitnfieid,  and  that  slie  used  the  nxvourite 
linctus  to  fnaJte  fruit  ttxrU  of  ! 

But  we   have  been  a  long  time  with  Mr 
Wood,  the  apothecary,  and  mutrt   i 
the  wards.   By  half-past  one  the  w; 
are  all  over,  and  all  the  inmates  ar  ^^ 

the  visit  of  the  chief  surgeons  and  •* 

of  the  day.    The  appraach  of  the^-  i.      n 

by  the  tramp  of  many  feet  up  the  stairs — tor 
the  medical  officer  is  medical  teacher  also, 
and  comes  surroundetl  bv  the  bevy  of  students 
who  are  "walking  the  hospitals.'*  Tall  and 
short,  fat  and  lean,  young  and  middle-aged, 
in  black,  green,  brown,  and  ^"ay,  but  all 
displaying  a  certidn  p»ve,  inqiuring  aeriouiH 
neiis.  on  comes  the  crowd. 

You  may  always  know  the  medi' • '  '-r-^'f 
of  a  man  by  the  number  of  his  p  I 

somehow,   the    surgeons  always    L         

There  is  somethintf  certain  and  exact ;  sotuC' 
thing  free  from  doubt  and  htimbug  about 
anatomy  and  surgery,  which  commends  itself 
to  young  and  inwDuous  inquii-ers;  and  hence, 
partly,  perhaps,  the  greater  tlirong  round  the 
chief  surgeon,  v^  he  makes  liis  way  through 
the  wards  of  a  huapital,  than  round  any  of  niB 
merely  medical  bretliren. 

Whilst  this  company  of  surgeons  that  are 
and  surgeims  that  hope  to  bo,  are  going  from 
bed  to  bed.  eXAUiiliing  aiid  ini. -.ji.ruTi  '  nnd 
prescribing  for  patient  in  sin  t 

aurgit:^  ward,  the  phyaiciauH  ^^ 

a  similar  duty  in  the  medical  w<4i"d»  ;  i'oi  the 
uninitiated  should  know  that  a  great  merit 
of  a  large  hospital,  lies  in  the  oppctrtuuities  it 
has  for  clasaifying  the  sick.  The  timid  i>atient 
with  diaease  of  the  heart,  or  the  delicato 
woman  sufiering  with  still  more  critical  mala> 
dies,  iu  a  good-mzed  establishment  can  be 
separated  from  the  contact,  and  be  away  from 
the  groans  of  any  mfierer  by  accident  oi'  from 
operations. 

The  rapidity  with  which  the  cW  medfc.il 
practitioners  detfct  the  peciiJi 
ijs  marvellous.    Tliesize,  stn^n.  i, 

general  aspect,  tone  of  voice,  bn^Line^  or 
dullness  of  eye  disphtyed  by   thti   wek,  tell 
as  much,  or  hi         "     >   any  vcTl»al  story  of 
aches  and  pab  i  » uce,  a  fr  w  <  |  aestioos, 

a  pen  andf  in!  of  sttine   half-dozen 

pharmaceutic;*  jihics    iq>on    a   ctird 

nanHed  from  t...    .       ..  ad  by  the  attendant 

nurse,  and  on  go  the  crowd  to  the  next  bed, 
and  the  next,  until  all  have  lieeu  sfciiu  The 
last  stairs  are  deaceuded  ;  and  as  the  surgeons 
and  physicians  get  into  certain  yellow  ch»m*>ts, 
and  i>right  blue  broughams,  which  have  been 
waiting  all  the  wliile  in  the  hc^pitAl  squstre, 
the  students  tnidgip  off  round  the  angle  of  the 
building  to  the  half^past  two  anatomical 
lecture. 

Again,  there  ia  a  gathering  up  of  phyaie 


J 


464 


HOUSEHOIiD  WORDS. 


(CM4»#i«Jkr 


boitles,  and  u.  collection  of  preacriptioo  carjR, 
aiitl  a  voice  i«  hcanl  np  tne  srw.'tkiijg  tijVics, 
ahoutjn;,'  the  wonl  *' aliop/*  Ofl"  joy;  iim-ses 
mul  KLsiors,  in  lifiate,  to  tlic  ApotlK-cjuVs  sbup, 
i\tn]  tlini  thore  comes  sncli  u  tilHn*;  of  viufs, 
And  a  pouring  out  of  piiiU  ami  qiMuli^  of  otl'l 
8m»'11iri^'  tluiftii,  and  a  couuting  out  of  pills,  tin 
can  l»o  tJ^M'n  in  f*.nr  idares  cbe.  Dniwers  full 
of  pills  humlreiU  of  priiif.cd  Inhcls,  untl  gallons 
af  phvfeic  tire  served  out,  and,  at  List,  oii«  l>y 
cuifl,  t-iic  nur^oa  all  matrli  off,  with  each  her 
1  V  hut  st'rvicrnhle  hurthou.     By  tlio 

r»re  back  in  the  wiuiIm,  *ju  the  thrt*t' 
L.|M-i.  ..:.>a  in  the  week,  "Vii^itoj-a  art*  ad- 
mitted," utid  then  times  luiiuy  ii  scene,  Hns- 
Imndtt  oinoe  to  see  hed-riilden  wives,  und 
children  to  see  bed-ri<ldeii  mothers,  nud,  olti'n 
move  «mI  still,  %vivcH  and  little  onen  to  nev 
dying  luisbftn<b  Hn<l  fnthers.  Many  a  trajjedy 
of  huiuhh*  lif^  liave  these  "M  hoKpital  walls 
ecen  in  their  time  ;  many  a  death-berl  of 
reiiiorae,  and  iniuiy  a  smothered  ehriek  of 
agony,  aa  the  li\^ng  havt*  }>(jvvte<l  from  their 
dead.  Could  we  but  hear  the  revrlatirMLs  of 
a  hospitnl  pillow^  whnt  a  story  it  niu8t  be : 
of  acirm;^  heads,  and  bre:ddiiL;  heai'ts,  nnd 
fti-iuU  III  f  padising  from  their  clayey  tenement, 
iijt;  i\*v  Keeiie«  and  people  fur  far 
•  lid  rea^-'li,  and  beyond  no]ie, — of  sous 
lufwiif^d  ami  truant,  dyius.'^  hert<  unknown, 
whilst  parent*  giieved  for  them  in  dUtniit 
homes  they  ahall  uerei*  nee  again, — of 
da»i>j;htei"«  ftiii-«taineil  and  lowt^  weeping  out 
thtir  last  buiiith,  not  that  llf«i  ia  ;;oinj4,  but 
that  a  niolher'rt  f(jrgiveneaa  may  not  be 
iniploifd,  and  a  niotlu-r's  voice  once  more  l>e 
heanl  to  pitty, — of  fathtu'a  brou;jfht  in  to  die, 
fallen  from  eeatfoldings,  or  cni^hed  by  ma- 
chinery, whilst  wi^es  are  waiting  tht'ir 
return  from  work,  and  childien  wonder 
why  father  is  so  late. 

An  the  friends  of  the  sirk  are  leavinjLf  the 
hospital,  ?«oou  after  four  o'clock,  the  students 
are  thinking  aWmt  leaving  their  books  and 
KcaljHjla ;  and  foi-sjikitifj  the  ^'ossip  in  the 
library  to  see  about  dinner.  Tho^^e  attached 
to  the  pl.'u  ;ae,  at  five  o'elock,  in  the 

College  di  where  Mr.  Paget   rules 

the  roai*t  v* . ,  -..,  .iuitorily.  By  six,  there  is 
ifciitroll  round  the  square,  if  the  eveninif  i«  tirie, 
for  the  students,  and  the  le^s  pleiusaut  oecu- 
pation  of  face*umking,  and  pill  and  potion- 
swallowing;  for  the  patients.  By  seven,  the 
surgical  lectui*e  f^oramences,  and  by  the  s;ijne 
hour  the  at\em<Jou  cup  of  tea  Uha  been  enjoyeii 
in  the  wanis,  and  stil  who  were  able  to  be 
out  of  bed,  have  returned  to  it.  'Die  f»utcr 
^tpg  are  closed  *,  the  work  of  the  day  begins 
to  ulacken  ;  the  mi-n  of  luauy  laViours  and 
^reat  us«d'ulueHa,  the  a-salstunt  sur;.'eon,  and 
warden,  and  the  "  bonm^-duet«»r/'  lM-<^in  t<D 
think  of  sitting  down  to  r^-^i  i  In.t  Lefuiu  this 
can  l»e  done  tite  wai-ds  w  tlirough, 

to  Bee  that  :dl  is  right.  .vre(rora 

ward  ajid  a  Bt.^ter  are  atill  called  after  the 
name  of  the  kliRlly  fonnder  of  the  hi»sj»it^I) — 
Bister  K^ierc  "  wishes  Mr.  Paget  would  ju«t 


look  at  the  accident  in  her  wai^b"  Mr.  Paget 
paces  off  of  course*     "The  aeeident"  !«  uur 

jHicii' old  acipiaintaneeof  the  m  ■ -      She  i» 

evi<k'ntly  worse*     In  eaeh  \\  are  a 

few  ufciet'id  things,  «ueh  u&  cul  ...  -,  ...  i  iauuro, 
wirK\  and  brandy ;  but  Honiething  elwe  In 
needed,  bo  Mr.  Wo<id  ia  sent  for,  and  tli© 
d(.>ctor'ft  shop,  only  loeked  m\  hour  ago,  ia  re- 
oj>ened,  and  what  in  nce^lfnl  for  the  nu^k. 
sufferer  \b  obtained,  and  admiiustere^l. 

The  wank  are  quiet  enough  now,  Tlie 
noble  ohl  fire-places  throw*  out  a  oheerfal 
lij:'ht  that  waima  the  room.  Most  of  tlie 
patients  are  sleeping,  but  some  lie  rentleaii 
with  mill,  ajid  some  tiu'n  a  curioua  eyt? 
towarila  tli«'  *>iio  ]i«d  bv  the  side  of  which  th*» 
surgeon  .  with  a  nurse  lieaide 

him   wIm  ukfl   at  thi»  moment 

how  hai'ii  it  iH  thjil  aceidenta  to  some  iicoplc 
will  interfere  with  other  people's  rest*  But 
thei-e  8bc  stfturjs  also— and,  hark  !  haw  ranch 
stiller  the  phw^e  has  grown,  for  tlierc  '«  the 
great  clock  of  St.  P.-iurrt  Kfnkin;>  Um*  But 
Htill  the  p<K.u*  victim  of  the  furiotia  ox  get» 
wuj-se,  anil,  after  careful  thought,  iuid  still 
more  caieful  examination,  the  juwivitunt- 
surgeon — who,  aince  eight  tlo-  m-^ niu  .  bna 
been  at  work,  talking,  v  i 
walking  up-stairs  ajid  down—  ^^ 

the  eourts  and  back  again,  and  seoir»'.f  pntieuta 
all  day,  (saving  just  eleven  rninuti-fi  and  a 
nuarter  for  luncheon,  and  half  au  hour  at 
dinner,)— makes  up  liis  mind  that  the  ordy 
hope  18  in  an  operation.    And  a  '  " 

operations  muHt  be   dcaie  by  chi<  -i, 

away    in    a    cab    he    senda    a    porn  r    to 
fetch   a  chief  surgeon  from   a  fjimily   pail/ 
which  it  80  happens  ia  being  ■"••>>   ''^i-   ^'*^ry 
night.     But  family  [*aHie«,  .i 
and  weddingHflaya  are    all   ; 
when  life  is  in  danger,     llie  me«iK  4 

gone  and  a  few  more  ofilera  given,  h 

Mr.  Paget  acroa«i  the  court  to  the  OjHU^ting 
'ITieatre.  It  is  atiU  qnirter  here,  in  thia 
out-of-the-way  coracr  of  the  buihling.  Th« 
chair  there  liaa  suppf^rted  hundr^ulK  in  their 
moments  of  greatest  human  trial ;  and  tJic 
tier  above  tier  of  scats  fir  Btud»/nt8,  have 
)»een  the  {»!:iiv>i  where  thstUHands  li-'  -  '•' '»'Mt 
their  chief  les.Hons  in  praclicid  sur 
moon  now  shines  through  the  l»r'  t 

at  the  top,  and  down  upun  the  b<  1 

the    pulliea,    and    the     instrument  i>» 

pUciiily  and  aw  calmly  tpiiet  aa  if  thtje  wtji* 
no  pain  or  mortid  ngonieis  in  the  world.  By 
its  light  the  a8ai8t*aiit-Hurf:^eon  finds  what  ho 
wants,  and  as  he  re-cro-sscH  the  squai'e.  St. 
Paul'M  tolls  eleven;  and,  at  tJ  I  f. 

a  Hansom's  Patent  Siifety  (n< 

get   out   one's  own   horse.s   ai    m-   '    ^A 

night)  whirls  into  the  square  witli  the  chief 
surgeon.  Ujj  the  staii'«  the  two  doctors  go 
together,  and  in  five  minutes  the  suffenng 
Woman  has  inhaled  cWondorm,  the  delicato 
operation  ha«  been  completed,  and  the 
sufferer,  i-elicved  from  jneseut  \ni\n,  sigha 
out  her  thanks  aa  the  surgeoa  goes  o^  ogttiit 


CUrln  IXekca*.] 


A  C0NJ?1DENT  PRBDICTION, 


4eo 


to  his  family  party  and  the  asi^staat  surgeon 
got5  off  at  Uisi.  t^i  Ua  rauluight  bed. 

A  iiigljt  nurse  has  been  *et  to  watch  by  the 
beduitie  they  liave  left,  aud  as  she  doe«  so,  ahe 
couut«the  hcmra — these  loQfj  still  watches  of  tin.' 
jii^'ht — weiirilyeuoagh.  St,Paurb  Clock  speaks 
audibly  from  hour  Uji hour.  One;  ttro;  still  all 
quiet ;  Mr«e,  aod  there  is  a  hum  from  ttinitli- 
iield  ;  fotir^  oikI  the  hum  hns  grown  into  «i 
noiBe  of  distant  ruiubling  whwis  niin^le<l  with 
the  souuda  of  on  iuci-easinir  throng  ;  jive  bless 
lieiLTil,  for  other  uoii»ca  ot  routed  arml  awakeii- 
iny^  London  bcipn  to  absorb  the  84>undB  of  the 
clock  in  tlieTnaolvcd ;  iijt  / — the  hour  we 
euttirt*d  yeistcrday.  Wo  have  complete^i  the 
circle  of  one  day  of  the  life  that  is  led  in 
Btu-tholoiuew  a,  fi-oui  year's  end  to  gear's 
end,  amonifjit  the  throng  of  sick,  and  the 
hilwui-s  of  those  who  wait  on  theiu  in  their 
iifiUction,  Walk  out  again  into  Sniithtield. 
The  cattle  are  all  gone.  It  ia  a  diflereut 
market  to  the  one  we  saw  bunt,  for  the  aniell 
of  new  hay  cttme«i  gratefully  towards  us,  bug- 
ir  "■  -  ijonxorie^  of  tjuiet  pleasant  spots  iu 
'  1  \-j  tn-1>ly  pleasiint  to  think  of  aft^r 

^^ ..^  Twenty  IVir  Horns  in  a  Hos[>ital. 


had   bci.ii  m 

CllUll'  ' 

nntil 
J 


Liic    [11 


A  CONFIDENT  PREDICTION. 

In  one  of  the  defiles  of  th«  range  of  mo«.n- 
tftins  that  divides  Valencia  from  New  Castile, 
stands  the  ruin  of  an  ancient  monastery. 
Mjiny  ycjMJi  had  elap!»e«i  einee  tJ»is  monjistery 
prosperous  Bplendou  r ;  but  its 
'U  had  not  l>een  finally  deserted 
!i  of  war,  during  the  French 
. .  .^^  reached  even  thiB  lnLrreu  and 
I'ot,  the  few  remaining  monks  were 
eu  away  liy  terror,  and  piartly  by 
.  their  spoliated  eloistei-H  and  demo- 
s.  At  the  jwriod  when  this  tale 
,  the  edifice  was  not  only  quite 
i-at  was  in  a  stat«  of  mouldering 
u  Jiiid  niiii-  The  grass  wjijj  grow- 
u  the  stone  pavement  of  the  church ; 
w  as  blo^A^^  off  in  many  pails  ;  the 
ttitar  waa  diamantied^  and  hare  of  ornronent ; 
&Dd  alone,  amidst  the  general  solitude  an<i 
decay  of  the  buildiug,  a  largo  figure  of  Chiist, 
ilk  block  marble,  yet  stood,  surveying,  ha  it 
were,  the  ruiiis  atul  desolaUon  that  surrounded 
it  ou  all  sides. 

On  a  gltxmiy  evening,  in  the  spring  of  1812, 
a  reg^iment  of  French  hussars  nxle  ciiuiiously 
up  tlie  defile  in  which  ihia  deserted  monn,-*- 
tcc^  stotwl  They  hjw!  Itad  a  long  and  weary 
Hi       *  '       'iily  hailed    the   .-iight   of  the 

1  lient  place  for  a  more  comftprt- 

■  '  "  '""  ojKiu  air  afforde<L     The 

'  the  front  of  the  church, 

^'1      ,  J    iiHties,    and,   after    Borne 

ftujtiouft  deliberation,  decided  that  the  encamp 
ment  for  the  night  ha<l  Ivetter  be  arranged 
outiiide  the  tottering  walbt,  as  the  bivouac 
tiros  Would  1x3  better  sheltered  there,  thoii 
in  the  ruined  church,  through  which  gust« 
of  wind  mahed  on  jUI  ^dea  j  as  well  &b  on 


ftci'oiint  of  the  possibility  of  a  surprise,  shcrnld 
the  ruiii^  l>e  already  occupie<l  by  some  of  th© 
enemy  pl.'ici-d  lU  afnlMjMh  for  that  purpose. 
The  nigijt  al^-j  threutcJied  to  be  stonuv,  and 
the  broken  and  flemolished  roof  of  the  c-iiurch 
did  i!ot  look  as  if  it  oc»tdd  stand  a  tiTtip'st 

The  fire«  were  lighted  in  the  nv  I 

Hpot ;  llie  ti'rMi[»  supf>ed,  :irid  wrapj 
selves  iu  thtn  travelling  eloakii,  imd  i^uch 
blankeT8  as  they  had,  extended  themselves  on 
the  ground  round  the  varioiii*  firea,  to  take 
Ihtiirnight'a  reat.  Lt*on  Feluer,  the  captidu  of 
the  troop,  was  the  last  to  lie  down  hy  the 
fire  prepared  for  him.  He  had  idaiteil  the 
sentinels,  iiml  the  horses,  stnd  eurvcj'eii  the 
environs,  and  seen  to  the  general  comfort  ot 
his  ni«'n,  In-fore  he  thought  of  his  own  repose. 
Satiiifietl  with  every  precaution  that  ha<J  been 
taken,  he,  nt  length,  wearied  out,  w*rapped 
hia  cloak  clo»ely  around  him,  and  reating  his 
hefwi  on  his  horj*e*s  wuldle,  ^ircpared  for  sleep 

But  alceo  w:us  not  to  \}Q  ol»t«ine»h  His 
busy  thoiiglUa  lamble*!  from  scene  to  scene  of 
his  active  life,  and  the  recollections  of  his 
home,  fjiiiiily,  imd  friends,  ai'ose  Wvidl}'  to 
his  memctjy.  Two  year*  had  he  Iwen  away 
from  all  he  moat  loved.  Latterly,  even  com- 
municatioii  with  them  had  been  im[K>ssible. 
The  ima^e  of  Cabrielle,  to  whom  he  was 
betrothetf,  at  length  rose,  in  vivid  distinctneaa, 
above  his  other  ihoughtn.  He  could  dwell 
with  pleasure  on  tliis  rememVirance,  (br  his 
loyidty  to  her  had  never  swerved.  The 
charms  of  the  fiu-fam^  Spanish  women  hod 
not  shaken  his  fidelity  ;  they  nuglit  lie  more 
beautiful,  but  had  not  (Jabrielle's  ejiindour  and 
mi^wlest  gHK^e  ;  and  he  longed  for  the  conclu- 
sion of  the  war,  that  he  might  be  ouoe  ftgtdii 
by  her  side. 

While  thus  pondering  upon  hia  coimtix 
home,  anil  love,  he  begiui  to  doze  ;  insensibly 
he  was  dropping  asleep,  when  a  rude  bhtst  of 
wind,  accompanied  by  a  thiviug  sleet,  and 
heavy  ])eal  of  thumler,  aroused  hiin.  The 
tire  w\is  nearly  extingiiwhed,  Leon  arose,  and 
lookerl  about  for  a  aholter  from  the  storm, 
whi<:h  now  no  longer  merely  threatened. 
Opposite  to  him  was  the  nndosed  door  of  the 
ruined  church.  He  pushed  it  wider  opeil, 
antl  entered. 

The  church  was  damn  and  gloomy  ;  fliwhea 
of  Ughtning  illumiDated,  at  intenala,  the  few 
[»anes  of  painted  glass  that  yet  remained  in 
the  brokeu  wiihIow**,  mn\  brrjught  int«:*  view 
the  st<:inetoml'  '  knights  and  abbots*, 

as  well  as  th'  1  idtar.     The  block 

image  of  the  N.viinn  strnMl  out  in  bold  relief 
during  these  transitory  nleams,  and  added  to 
the  sensation  of  awe  and  desolation  that  the 
whole  scene  cjjled  up.  In  npite  of  his  licLter 
reason,  the  yuuti^  -..Iiller  shuddere<i  at  the 
loneliness  of  r' 


a  slight  eujoti' 
echo  of  his  * 
spurs  and  sitl  , 
nave,   diaturbiii, 


the 


l»lace  ;  and  even  felt 
1  OS  the  sound  of  the 
y%  and  dank  of  hia 
d  through  the  vast 
profoimd  silence 


otherwise  rei»nicd  there.    Uc  did  not  ad\'5 


4»$ 


HOUSEHOLD  WOBD8. 


far  into  the  cbui-di,  but  ■top'ped  u^ait)j»t  the 
futst  coluiXLix  ]w  mot ;  fuf  the  crat^kiuju^  t>f  the 
wulla,  Tis  tho  gusts  of  the  tempest  dnjvc 
a^'MiiiHf  rfitri),  i^ded  to  Ui««  iiueafflXHWB  thni 
•ling  to  croep  over  him,  jumI  <!nu»e(J 
1  bt  the  pnjidienct*  of  the  shelttT  he 
i  :  t ,     lie  hejLjrtii  to  retrace  his  steps, 

the  liurkrifaii  woultl  iwrmit,  wlifii, 
i.-Mi  .MUiJrit  tliu  howliugs  of  the  wind,  mikI 
clatter  of  the  tierce  lain,  tlie  ohl  bell  of  the 
chuieh  BouiKii'd.  l^un  Lnvoluiitaiily  i4t«Tif'"«  '^ 
to  count  the  atrokcti,  uuil  he  iiumbei'ed  t\^ 
As  tlie  liisi  etr<»ke  resounded,  u  dim 
pervailtful  the  churclu  :a»d  the  creAkiac  of  tliu 
ninges  of  a  door  alowly  opeuing  made  IMon 
turn  iu  the  threction  of  the  wound.  The  door 
of  the  siiciiaty  wab  «jpeuiiji»,  and  a  d.ark  fig-urc 
was  Bticdi  oiiiergioj^  from  it.  Lktu  iixed  n 
steady giize  uiKm  it,  jutil  shW.iua  it  approached, 
that  it  wtt«  A  pricat,  dressed  in  a  black 
ciiiwMil'lo  with  a  white  orow*  embroidered  ou 
the  breast^  lu  his  haiwla  he  l>ore  tlie  ^acra- 
lu^mtid  cup  fuid  couaecraied  host.  With  very 
»low  fmd  solemn  motiou^  he  advanced  in  the 
direction  of  the  altar.  Hia  tread  was  so  light, 
that  ho  passed  across  the  pavement,  and  up 
the  stone  steps,  ^^uthout  Awakeuiog  anv  echo 
Iti  th»  sonorouii  ruin.  With  Boienin  dignity 
1 1  1    on   the   altftr   the   holy  cup,  and 

Hale,  oimiciated  face  towai-diB  Ij^on, 

'  ■    '•       and  nitsing  his 

J  oach. 
•    l»eyed  ;  he 
i  reverence 

ill  s  when  he 

quittai  college  for  ;  iJOJii  been  quite 

obliterated  liy  ti»e  j  nee  of  the  cam- 

pftigu  in  which  he  had  It^u  ucfively  ennrajf^e*!. 
Tlie  mjBtcrionB  influence,  thtreibn',  that 
drew  him  poii^ively  olw-dieDt  ti»  tho  steps  of 
the  altar  confounded  him.  Hie  nenj"er  ho 
'    '1   tl*e  H^ire  stAudiug  at  f '       ' 

'Olcnni  /Uid  ahatlowy  it 
/».  ..  ^..ilIi  BJ^^n  lj<t!on  knelt,  aiiil  to. .. -i  ,,,^ 
e>-ea  with  hia  huud.  A  dGi'|>  aipulcliird  voice, 
in  cilow  and  measured  ttccentM,  recited  the 
Service  for  the  D«td,  The  re- ol  lections  of 
ciiildhood  vividly  aroec,  and,  as  the  ser\'ice 
proceeded,  the  young  officer  found  lihuaelf 
givinff  the  responses  almost  aa  nccumtely  as 
tlie  deacouH  and  Bub-defvcons  are  wont  to  do. 
The  sound  of  his  own  voi^e,  tilling  up  the 
intervals  of  tho  awlu'  '  '  i. Hint's,  formed 
auch  a  strange  eorr  make  Leon's 

blood  curdle.  What  »>>v.  , .  U*>iiiL' I  W'hi^^e 
funeral  rites  was  he  thus  ctlrbriiting  ?  All 
power  of  volition  secmod  annihilated,  and,  as 
the  ceremony  procee<led,  the  young  man 
became  in  auch  a  state  of  mental  agony  as  t-o 
be  a  pajssive  in«*tmme«t  in  the  hantla'of  the 
rayaterioua  influence  whicli  wa«  commanding 
hinj.    He  aUnost  doubted  if  he  were  alivp. 

VVIien  the  ceremony  wa«  ended,  tho  priest 
pronounced  the  farewell  bineili*  tlon,  as  if  a 
numerous  congregation  tilled  the  ohurch  j  and 
then,  for  the  tirat  time,  addressing  Ijoon,  he 
•aid    to  him,    "Young  stnuysrer,   the   pious 


F.ir  cen- 

'VO     I 

>i  the 


iiaa 

I 


Bervico  you  have  just  rendered  hiiM  helped  to 

rwleera  my  soul  from  pnrgaton 

turieiB,  by  thi&  noctvimaJ   p*' 

hcL'n  expiikting  a  ain  commit 

Bcveiv  law*i  of  our  momiatAjry.     1 

have   [  waiUnl   for  tike  uMMiiitamN 

being  to  aid  mi*  in  th'-    '    ' 

centuries    tlie   hour   of 

tolh.'d  every  night,  but   i 

appeared.     You    alone    Iw  ^ 

)H'!ot<    iLi-  .•iltju"  of  Ootl,  ;iiiil   I  .  ■ 

the   bondt*  which 
lory^iuul  deterred  if  -' 

Into  tlie  ht;^<ivenly  aliode.  Your  pii-'iy  tihiJl 
have  'tis  rewnrd.  Aak  any  one  qneetion  before 
I  go,  an^l  i  -.wcr  you." 

l*lie  u  <ney  of  the  fipcoker  pcuc- 

trate<l  anu   t  i;iv  J   the  half  '       t  Ixson. 

81niddering,  and  ahrinking  xx»  oi 

the  luMtrelci^i  eye  that  wfLH  n  v  ■!  ujp  -u  hioi. 
the  young  mrtu  Involuntarily  naked—"  Who«.* 
funeral  service  ia  thid  r' — "  A^-i'  uw  son^^' 
retumai  the  mysterioua  p»r  i  and 

enibdued  voice,   "three   yr^n  t    the 

same  hour,  and  the  sn.m<  nllng 

spirit  will  rtMtore  your  -  uS 

ready  at  the  hour.     The  imui^U  &4jrvico  is 

THINK  OWN  .'  " 

Aa  he  uttered  these  woii 
di^>peared  without  any  uoifc> 
any  trace  of  hisprcsr- 
he  had  rctunjed  t  > 

hejiveal—aud  the  ^.....1.  „.u,  ..^.„ ..a 

darkiUNBB. 

Oppreafled  by  amazement  aud   ;i«\'.   Linm 
remiuned  at  the  altar.    Tlie  v  i 

priest  wei-e  indelibly  impressi'' 1  y, 

The  senaation  that  overw^helm^d  Unu  wim  uot 
fear  of  death.  Over  and  over  a^niin.  h**  htkd 
confroutcid  the  poesibility  of  thai  '  ue 

ou  the  iield  of  battle.     The  gallnrji  l 

1     ■    won   Ilia  promotion,  hiid  noi 
kmI  without  ^'eat  personal   i 
. .  i.  alone   in    thift   old     ''--"i- 
doom  he  bad  heard  pr 
him  to  the  heiirt*     He  • 
the  amiihilatioQof  all  tht 
hopes  of  hia  youth  with  > 

By  degrees  the  horror 
choly,  and  a  furioua  blu  - 
tho  church-door,  with  viijien 


1 
nm  idea  and 
nto  melan- 


>«   V" 


he 


He    arose   from  hie   kneelin 
fancying    he    might    be    un<ler    a 
stamped   with   his   iron-heeled   b^Mf      i.    i 
pavement,  to  convince  h ':'''■  ^'     •       '    ;• 

The  darkne89  wa-s  be« 
faint,  almost  impercept 
to  steal  gradually  throu 
dawn  was   bre;iking  tin 
night,  the  Htorm  without  wats  evJdvkUiy  i 
violent.     Jj6on   strode  down   the  iiiala  wi' 
nervous  haste.     Alas  !    he  could   no   longer 
doubt  hiB  presence  in  the  church.     He  had 
then  received  a  real  warning  ! 

With  some  ditliculty  he  piUled  open  tho 
church  door,  which  the  wind  had  violentlr 
closed,   and   inhaled  the   fresh   luveate  with 


4 


A  CONTIDENT  PREDICTION, 


499 


N 


^erush  imp&tience.  His  men  angwrred  to 
his  nmtatesl  call  as  he  cniergt^iJ  from  the 
ciloirtTii-jinrch.  L6(»n  joineti  them.  Tlietnxip 
V  to  depart,  luid,  t\B  soon  as  all 

tVie  iiihosintJihk'  niiitn  where, 
ion,    the    whole    p.'U'ty    hotl 
1  UDComfortable    night.      Tb*' 

L.  J  .  rhlvM^  .Irv  quarters  and  warm 

br<.»iikftist  iuovcm':?ut*.      Tlie 

gloomy  81  i  ider  they  attributed 

to  the  same  wuuwa  aa  were  atfectiug  them- 
selv  tta — weL»  cold,  and  huu^jry  men,  are  seldom 
disposed  to  lie  merry. 

Auim&tioii,  however,  wjw  en?  long  restored 
to  the  troop;  for  1    " 
iH;a.ch  the  vilbige  wh 

lliy     r        *         *      '         ■  '    :      UXliL-IlL,    I  ill:'  H      IL'll      ili     «  ILll 

the  I   of  the  opp(*ing  ni*iny, 

f'"'  U  **nsueiL    Fvlner,  wnji 

I       s,  and   at    uasj-; 
]  ^        1.  ,  j  1'  ->  rved  his  tro«>p  ii 

de»tructioQ  by  t'tfecling  au  adt*oit  retrtat. 

The  war  wntinueil  with  unabatinl  rigour. 
Bat  littlo  time  was  left  for  reflection  to  men 
wigftgedj  ihiV  by  day,  in  the  fterils  of  tbt 
T  h'uAi  the  Fi-euch  had  to  t^ffcH,  :*•* 

t  L'S  of  the  English  troops  naiaed  the 

•  '  "  ri.     L^jn  Baw  li     '         > 

med  to  Ix^Ar  - 

from    the   feiu      .    ,,.. 
rpriscMl  him.  ITie  monk  s 
J  n  sMch  firm  hold  on  hi« 

mind,  tli.'it  it  waa  hai*dened  with  the  convic- 
tion thiit  ho  was  safe  for  the  rest  of  the  three 
jean.  But  in  the  mt^rvAls  of  adire  combat, 
ft  brooding  melancholy  took  pcksnetmion  of  him. 
T"  1  "lost  its  charms.  He  Imd  almost 
I  ie  on  the  field  j  he  would  have  pre- 

^  lid  b)3  existence  aini«lst  the  horroi-s 

tie   Held,  than  to  wait   the  sluw 
I  he  death  ordaiuod. 
return  of  peace,  he  delayed   his 
»meward-     The  fivtul  visit'  to  the 
»  liin  had  quenched  his  ardent  de«irtf 

t  the    nearest    and  dearest  of  his 

kiiidred.  The  many  yeaii?  of  domestic  hap- 
uneaa  he  ha^l  no  long  anticipate<l  to  pasa  with 
CTabrielle  were  never,  he  believed,  to  be 
realised.  He  woidd  only  be  united  to  her  to 
l>c,  in  a  short  space,  torn  from  her  by  death. 

At  length,  the  urgent  solicitations  of  his 
friends  gi*e\v  into  reprttachea,  and  he  could  no 
lotiL?»r  refuse  to  return  ;  hut  he  turiie<]  his 
f*C*;  towards  Iiis  honi*' v\  itli  -i  }i*-ia-v  .-,,.I,n-,,/ 
haul,  rcaolntely  det 
Meret  to  himself.     J 

liome,  the  oM^  dear,  aiid  Iktniliar  fnces^  th^ 
eorfiiml  reception  of  his  beloved  <;*nl>rieUe, 
made  him  doubly  melancholy.  Nothing 
aroused  him  to  hapninesM,  not  even  promotion, 
AO  dear  to  tlio  sol«lier's  heait.  IIm  militajy 
skill  and  imihuuilHil  cotirnf^-  were  not  nnre- 

i  el,  with  tl 

nexf  !,i 

Stii  ^s  did  not  abate,  but  the 


cause  no  one  crttdd  fvtnwt  frotn  him.    For 
Momc  time  0;<ti  whether  he  did 

not    repent    1  to   her.      Uut 

he  aeaured  Imt  tji;!i    in    invi.ii  her 
nrdeutly  than  before  ;  .vid  to  quiet  1 


IVo  years  hud  nearly  ]i>a»!ied  (sii^  1 

bivouac  at  the  monastery.  All  t 
arranged  for  the  marriage.  At 
when  pronoittDcing  the  vow  of  Iji  o 

and  protection,  Leon  heaiUtted  ;  for  s.  von  vie- 
tion  that  the  nat.h  w»«  a  nwckcry — that  it 
'       '      '    *         "  ■ '    more 


■t"  i;uii>*L"' 


ibitual 


melaiichorv. 


People   wondered ;    for    iJ>on 

i  high  in  military  hoi"  ur-^   h  ul 

,    and   pos8e«aed  iv  t 

,  wlium  he  loveii,  ai  ^ 

itaehtMi    to    him.     Win  i  - 

tuiy  and  distaste  of  liJe  1      i  .  e 

■rveil  t*>  fill  hia  eyea,  Jia  he  gjMsd 

vouujj:  bride  from  whom  he  felt  he 

\\ MS  bu  soon  to  Iki  pHitefl,     He  became  more 

and  more  gloomy,  and  godneas  fell  upon  the 

'    rished  wife, 

son  was  iKtrn.  Cabrielle  had  hoped  thla 
.at  would  restore  his  eheerfulneas.  Vaiu 
ht>jw !  His  despcwidency  incrwwed,  for  only 
a  month  now  ramained — to  live.  Aa  yet  wo 
persuasion  had  wrung  from  him  the  fatal 
secret.  With  aarprise  and  uiiutteniblu  griet, 
Irfd^rieUc  saw  him  making  prenaratiotis  for 
!  an  early  death.  He  arranged  all  hla  uttaifH, 
settled  his  property,  declajwi  his  wiahea. 
Was  he  intending  suicide  ?  Night  and  day 
hia  ynk\  or  his  mothi^r,  wat-ched  by  him. 

Aleauwhile,  history  was  crowdmg  its  l[.»age 
with  great  eveuta.  Napoleon's  e.scape  lix>m 
EIIki,  Foiit-aineblean,  the  hundred  day»,  the 
concentration  of  the  gjand  army  to  the 
Belgian  frontier.  It  Iwl  ."already  been  inti- 
im\.iod  to  Letrti,  that  hia  services  would  be 
required,  and  he  only  awaited  final  ordors 
Irom  head-quarter* — not  to  lead  his  ohl  com- 
rades  as  theli*  colcmel — ^but  to  take  the  lioad 
of  a  division. 
TJ 

to  ]•' 

knew  ili  1 

he  awaite<J  it  \ 

It  came  j  and  -  .  .- 

his  wile  and  ra<tther  to  ! 

revealed  the  fatal  secret , 

farewell  of  them.     It  is  imjK»issiblc 

their  angiuah.     The  tirst  jwirt  ot 

waj3  srpeiit  in  bewailing  the  exi'cctf 

of  the  warniap^ ;  .ind  tjien.  exunast 

and  wat . '  ' 

and  wit! 

him,  awtui'''F  um'  oraLu  tu  ik.  v>.i>  iv.< 

the  dawn. 

The  rircit  faint  streak  of  day  ani)cai'ed  lu 
the  eastern  horb«m  !  Leon  tihuddcred  oon- 
^^dsively— a  cold  »hivt»r  seiisod  Kk  llTOkVft.%  «>* 


'  i  dated 

He 

..v..4^,  and 

ofde^wir* 

imiininjn**d 


ti>  deat'i  ib* 


40d 


HOUSEHOLD  sVOUDS. 


lC«DAurM4  bf 


a  ooufuaed  murmur  aouudeU  in  hie  i^tire.  He 
tried  to  nae  ;  but  tlie  jftort  seemed  to  ov«iJV 
oomo  him,  utid  \\v  t>auk  motionless  in  the  uniu 

Dill  be  bill  I  breathe  ?  Mivbiiue  Feluer  the 
tsliler,  who  still  retained  her  rielf-poasession, 
couln  not  fusocrtaLih  H^.t  daughter  did  every- 
tliiiig'  i<t  tt^store  cuuscioui^ness  that   despair 

Amidst  thU  dreadful  uncertainty,  th« 
hlnsl  of  a  t.nini|H^t,  the  ho«)fs  of  horsses,  and 
chuiging^ of  firma,  wa^  heard  in  Iho  court- 
ytuxL.  To  tluH,'  GHbriell*?  wju^  rnHcrmiblt' ;  «bc 
clunff  to  hei"  iuauininiti  huslwuid  with  frantic 
jgri*ii.  Almliune  Fclner^  however,  run  to  the 
wuiilow  ;  a  tiY>o|i  of  huamtr^  was  drawn  w]> 
in  tlie  form  of  a  ^iu4*<l  of  honour.  At  the 
Biuu*^  iiist^'int  an  orticer  rnshod  int«>  the  nxitu, 
And  witliout  heeding  tho  latiies,  bhook  the 
dying  man  by  thy  hand  with  tbu  rough  euLr^jy 
of  an  old  cnuinuigner. 

"  Pclner  }  l?elner  !*'  he  ehouted  ;  "nwake. 
You  have  not  a  uiuutt'ut  to  lo&e/'  A  tremor 
pa»»iMl  over  tlie  progtrnte  niau'H  frniu<i.  His 
wift»  fthriek»^d  for  joy  at  thiM  sls,rii  of  animation. 

llie  huMsurs  in  the  couityanl  now  pre- 
sented arniH,  and  the  "salute"  wiw  blown 
lustily  by  the  trnniLieten*.  Tliis  wa**  tollowed 
by  aloud  nhout  '*  Long  live  tho  CSeni^ral  !" 

At  thosci  words  the  dying  man  rose  slowl)^ 
m  if  still  in  a  trance.  He  stood  for  a  moment 
transtixod.  He  pre.ss(»l  hiis  hands  to  his 
head;  his  oyen  slowlv  opened. 

"General  FeUier !  '  began  the  otlietT, 

*' General  V  re|>eated  Leon,  like  a  nuui  in 
a  drcwn.  Hi.'*  wife  and  mother  looked  on  in 
touch  :ttii:wenient. 

**  Yes ;  here  ia  your  eommi»i^iou,  and  the 
Emperor's  ord*,*r8  undtr  hm  own  hiaiiK" 

lJi^»n  took  the  pmH^r  like  a  Romnambuli^i  ; 
hut  at  the  sight  otNapoleon^a  writing,  con- 
adousnewB  appeared  to  return  ;  and  ho  begfui 
to  j^ive  ordera  for  hi.*s  own  immediate  <le|>;ir- 
turcj  with  the  habitual  precision  and  prompti- 
tml,e  of  uu  oQicer  on  active  «ervicc. 

Meanwhile,  the  cause  of  Jj^ou'a  nuulady 
was  explained  to  Major  Angaiule.  The  nuijor 
&mjle<i. 

"Wliy,  that  monk,"  he  eaid,  "ia  an  old 
idly  of  vilad  Four  year*i  n^go  I  wu»  in  the 
hosipitid  in  the  wime  monastery  ;  and  even 
then  the  s;uue  monk  played  tJio  farce  wliich 
ftfj  debnkMl  I  he  General  He  carries  it  unto 
thia  *hx\\  He  ia  atark  mad.  He  i^  pof^^essed 
by  the  idea  that  he  i«  dead,  and  had,  by  an 
earthly  penance^  to  i-edeem  hia  soul  frum  pur- 

toi'y,  by  jK-i-formiug  a  certain  number  of 

vices,  in  winch  he  \\x\a  contiuiudly  iisking 
us  to  help  him,  juid  as  coutinunlly  dooming 
whoever  wjis  wise  enough  to  comply,  tct 
dt'uLh,  in  three  yeai-a." 

Ij6on  was  not  slow  in  rtjviviiig  from  hiit 
deUuiiJtu  Foiiher  ejcpl.MJialituiH  comiilctely 
dispelled  it,  and  he  hid  hb  shame  in  the 
embraces  of  liia  wife,  whone  giief  was  now 
Rwakencd  from  anotlier  cause  j  tliat  of  his 
depfiitiu'e  to  the  field  of  battle. 


Leon  F^lner  pa^we^d  through  the  Imttlc  of 
WatcrloM  ^.-.i,..i..^.    ..iti,,.,>,.T|  j. i''.rwi,.^( 

hi«  p-'u-t 

day  to  am  I  ^  <* 

wlmle  years  the  heru  of  a  Modem  Monkisli. 

[>igemu 


THE  NINEVEH  BULL. 

To  the  houour  of  the  tJn&pproacliablc\  aad 
of  hid  Miidtiters,  the  Firea  of  Heaven  and 
Etvrth.  be  it  epokcn  : — 

I  urn  the  Bull  of  Nmeveh.    I  w::    ^    ■  v  •n 
the  cjuarrie^i  beside  the  river,  tlie   l 
in  the  birth-place  of  my  Crci'i'  ->> 

early   exiatenc©    I    know  I:  ,    my 

memory  i«  as  the  figures  in  n  ni-^t. 

Thus  much  I  recollect.  Ah  a  slun* 
wa8  HiV  substance  l»onie  toils  pi  i 
did  the  handi  of  cunning  workuitii  Uj^liiou 
mc  ;  and  a^  my  aluipe  wa«  fi>rmcd,  fto  ilid  I 
gain  a  knowledge  of  thingr*  around :  the 
chisel  carved  my  eaj*,  and  1  heai-d  ;  the  tool 
(ipeiied  mine  cyen,  and  1  saw  ;  I  stood  on  my 
pedestal  and  gassed  around  me,  IScinde  me 
w.ts  a  comiMini^m  like  iiiyMelf;  •  -^  '^*^<> 
guarded    the   thresbuld.       li    \f:\B  l' 

royjj  magniticence.    From  a  floor  v 
ro»o   walhj  of  like  snbHtance  ;   their   h»     iii 
waa  aa  mine  own   height,  and   above   M    ii 
were  gnuily  patterna,  ti'Xtures  of  »  '  ' 

:.nil  briUimit  dyed:  over  all  was  a  i  ^ 

with  the  oilonnw  cedar,  the  lithe  poplxu-,  ajid 
the  filbirod  paUn. 

iltrt  wlio  can  tell  (1       '  :    ^  V  d 

waU  ?  Ibcbclditwii 

waa  my  body,  bo  wa.-*    1 1>  i  -   _  •  v «  1 1  .  : 

with  my  wings  I  could  sttai'  like 
my  feet  lx>re  me  i\&  the  Bull  ;  I  '*\.  1 

in  ro3'al  apparel,  and  ab<.ive  I  had  1U>'  linea- 
ment-^, the  head,  and   the  mind  of  nitu.     I 
gazed  ami  woudered.    Here  raged  f ' 
thcR*,  in  exulting  pomp,  nioveti  il 
triumph  ;  there  was  the  strong  warnur,  here 
the  &jul  captive.    I  beheld  th»*  awfnl   rites  of 
worship,  the  forms  of  holy  ni' 
of  miirhty   gods.     There  wci 
kings  ficfore  me  ;  they  bent  the  \%..:  j  n  i  ^  i^m-v^ 
or  hurlwl   the  hunter's  lanci%  or  kmdt    in 
humble  adoration  before  the  uiywH.*  '•-■     "!• 
fell   jirostrato   to   the    Almighty 
nilers  of  the  heavens,  the  fates  of  r 
They  wei*e  a  voiceless   company  «.mun<i  i«c^ 
and  yet  tliey  liad  an  utterance,  not  by  the 
passing  sound  of  tongues,  but  mth  the  cn- 
iluring  memorial  of  the  glittering  ehnrnHers 
that  ahonc  torth  among  them.     I  '  '^ 

the  guardi:ua  of  a  nation  r  hiatory, !  i  ' 

of  it^  puwcr,  and  the  thought     '  ' 

on  my  features  in  a  amile  wit  1 

till  now,  proud  i\\  once  and  t.i,»v,*,,., .-..-  -  ..^ 
a  c^>UHciou8ness  not  nuplenaing  of  my  might 
and  glorioud  dcatiny. 

jVnd  now  the  living  forms  of  my  comjniniona 
throng  around  me;  a  thing  exceeding  irlorion* 
to  behold  proudly  sits  on  the  throne  of  the 
Great  Hunter.    About  him  /ire  hia  nubjeot 


h' 


prince^i.  They  speak  of  new  conquests,  of 
BpreAdiii.(j[  eiiipii'e ;  tmd  llu*  hoajtect'izplreufiunes 
of  m^Luy  ;i  captive  uatiou  bcai  witnesa  l4»  their 
"woi\ls.  Willi  wealth  (xnuea  luxury  ;  uud  ere 
au  hour  of  the  worhrs  j^M»-;it  week  has  p:us8ed, 
the  sn>umJ  i}£  mimic  sliikes  my  ear,  siu^ing, 
and  the  voluptuous  djuici* ;  no  more  the  biittle- 
nnTy  the  cni«h  of  ormifis,  ami  the  shout  ».>f  vic- 
tor}' ;  Ajihui'''8  niauarchs,  suuk  in  an  inglorious 
eaae,  mitke  me  a  ttpectalor  of  such  revek  as 
were  misery  to  see,  ami  shame  to  chrouiele. 

Anon  there  is  a  i*uah  uf  feet«  a  clat»h  of 
arms,  u  trciuLled  aurs^iu^  of  unknown  tong-ues 
amidst  our  halls,  a] ready  ancient  to  ephemeral 
man  ;  **  Cyaxares  I  CS  axares  !  *'  riu^rs  loud 
ami  triuuipluuit.  It  tells  a  mournful  t^le. 
Aflhur  is  fiJleu — -the  eomjuuror  Ls  coaquei'ed 
— the  destroyi-r,  destruye<i  I 

Long  did  the  foreigners  hold  ub  ;  and  by 
degrees  the  heauty  of  fiiicient  work  faded: 
uidJn  cnuid»I«><l,  i*o<jfs  decfiyed,  but  I  and  my 
<  nl  iirm.     At  length,  the  buihl- 

1  :d   fell  ;    elsewhere,   lire  had 

coiJi|ji.  L,  M  Tu<  work  of  the  conqueror  ;  we 
were  left  to  silent  ruin  ;  a  heap  of  earth 
,...i-..i.  J  .,ij  ij,^  jjjjj  jjo  veBtige  ot  our  mag- 
I  mnijied,  aave  a  stray  atone,  or  a 

«i  _  .jlo<i. 

From  I  his  time,  I  remember  little  but  at 
inter Vida,  aa  in  the  breaks  of  a  heavy  slumljcr ; 
llie  Mprinvf  I'^u  sometimes  uncovered  part  of 
our  clwelluig  i  I  felt  the  greenue«a  of  the 
moist  8Cft£ion,  tiie  droutrht  and  fervid  glare  of 
BUjnmer  Travellei**.  oiLUie,  at  long  periods  ; 
one  I  heai\l  speak  glorioualy,  in  a  foreijrp 
tongue,  of  t,'d*/s  ijathf  red  from  many  clime;3, 
of  a  fair  huid  beiieMh  the  northern  star : 
many  a  story  of  our  ancient  j^randeur  he  told, 
Mi<i  of  l!.,'  hiHtor)*  he  would  write  of  all  our 
^  lie  paaiied  away,  and  again  I  slept 

111  luie  tongue  echoed  amoujL; our  halls, 

uiiw  mn.H.>4t^  of  ahapeloss  ruin,  Thetr  rude 
»poceh  named  our  home  Lirij&a  ;  they  spoke 
i>r  CyrtLs  and  of  Xenophou,  and  again  left  us 
iu  our  fji'jomy  ailent  abode,  watching  in 
ruina  over  'tur  forgotten  nation. 

Once  moi'e  a  mighty  eoucourse  passed^ 
crying  **  Alexandros  ;  '  they  l«x»kefl  at  us  with 

2'ninr'sint  eve,  and  never  dreiimed  that  these 
hapi' less  mounds  had  seen  armies  more  noble, 
kJngdomM  more  vaat,  and  men  more  brave 
thjiu  they* 

Ai;jun  I  slept ;  as  one  dreaming  the  fitful 
viaiuuHi  uf  illness  I  felt  the  hours,  days,  and 
yeiin  rt>ll  on,  ci'mntlesa  and  drear)^ ;  at  times 
a  dark  Htrure  flitted  by,  curaing  me  as  the  un- 
1    '  '   idol,  or  a  cry  of  miserv  rose  from 

!  I  rs  in  the  \illa|[e  hai'd  fey  ;  all  else 

>s.^■^  .>i.  Ill  jiiid  desolate. 

But  my  sleep  was  not  to  be  ever.  I  had 
lony:  heanl  the  sountla  of  spade  and  matto<ik 
iu\>uiid  me  ;  I  IumI  little  heeded  them  ;  at 
leTi;rMt  til.-  shruudiup  cimh  fell  from  before 
I  /  thp  first  time  after  many  an  age^  1 

;^  "  wjdcing  eye  on  the  scene  around 

mtj.  AuJ  whut  a  change  waa  there  !  I  was 
in  Vk  deep  pit^  fivim  the  bottom  of  which  roae 


my  hcjul ;  around  mo  were  half-chul  wild 
sevminc  men,  viewing  me  with  wonder  and 
awe.  We&enlly  came  one  who  seemed  »  l-id 
among  them  ;  hia  dresj*  waa  slrunge,  unliko 
what  I  had  seen  l>efore.  Joy  vvju*  in  his  face 
fis  he  gazed  on  nie,  and  I  rei*'»ieed  in  spirit, 
for  I  saw  he  knew  me  and  my  history  ;  I  waa 
again  awake  and  restored  to  the  world. 
Meanwhile  num  dug  and  Laboured  near  me, 
as  I  had  Been  them  *lo  in  the  days  when  I 
waa  young-  Soon  I  rose  in  my  ancient  dig- 
nity, stauding  over  the  rnins.  Often  would 
the  man  of  strange  ai^pect,  but  of  noble  and 
etiterfjriaiuL;  ciniiiti.nniice,  contemplate  me,  aa 
one  whose  mind  is  in  the  figes  [msaed  away  ; 
n^ethoiii^ht  he  sjwike  to  me  as  duth  a  ehihi  to 
one  liinii)'  of  years  ;  he  aaketl  me  of  the  daya 
of  yore;'  1  seemed  to  answer  with  ndne  own 
thoughts,  iukd  1  «aid,  ^'  I  am  the  guanliau  of 
the  house  of  Ninua,  pi-otrctor  of  nations,  re- 
verence of  kings  ;  to  me  are  known  the  secreta 
of  our  mystic  worslup,  the  twuriiices  of  uor 
dread  altar  ;  Father  am  1  ot  ma»y  gencnk- 
tiona  ;  ruler  of  the  world  !  "  Tlius  Ix^-ted  I 
in  the  we:vknes3  of  my  heart ;  for,  in  his  silent 
ateadv  gaze,  1  read  my  changtHl  condili«.»n  ;  I 
called  to  mind  my  long  dumber,  my  ijigl<>riou» 
waking,  and  I  iVlt  my  fallen  state.  Thrice 
had  the  world's  great  wheel  rolled  ou  to  ita 
close  ;  four  more  days  were  added  since  I  fell 
afileep ;  and  he  aaid,  **  Behold  the  change 
around  thee ;  where  once  thou  sawnat  a 
mighty  nation  standing  in  its  pride,  whera 
thou  glurie<ist  in  wealthy  temples,  in  th« 
ricdies  of  great  citicH,  in  the  mastery  of 
the  world,  now  Wik  njxjn  the  misery  and 
ignorance  of  barbarian  hiuiles,  see  aixiuud 
the  ruins  and  sha]Kles^  htaps  of  earth. 
^Vliere  was  thy  noble  palace,  now  passes  tUo 
rude  plough^  umW  wax'es  the  yellow  com  * 

And  my  shiime  was  clear  in  mine  own  eyee: 
I  was  sad,  for  my  uride  wsis  fjdlen.  Why  neoa 
I  tell  more*  the  tale  is  grievous  to  me  ;  I  wna 
borne  down  beside  my  own  Jincient  river, 
amidst  strange  viiiires  and  $hout.s — "  Layanl  I 
— La3%-ird!"    il  ud    to    cry.     1    saw 

my  country  il>  dweUirw  a  prey  to 

strangers,  I  w:i^  i  •     ny  dnya   on  the 

heaving  waters.    Is  I  in  a  stmnga 

land,  the  woufler  of  l.,;  l..  _,  amger  children. 
They  say  1  am  fm-  from  my  violated  home,  in 
a  city  prouder,  gi-eater,  moro  glorious  than 
my  native  realm  ;  but  boast  not,  ye  vmu" 
glorious  crejiturea  of  an  hour.  I  have  cut* 
lived  many  miglvty  kingdoma,  perctuuioe  I 
may  be  destine<l  to  survive  one  more. 


WEALTHY  AND  WISE. 

LrrrLE  ho  losetli,  who.  for  greato*  gain 
Of  wisdom,  loltoth  fall  the  frnlden  clue 
By  which  hu  ^1      '  o  hoarder  attain. 

Of  treasure  wl  on  puniue. 

Small  toll  of  r  is  duo 

Of  him  whoj  v  snccosa, 

Pause-i,  uud  p  ilio  True, 

Ck>utenl  an  iiiA.ati  i  poase3» 

IaQod,whosoworshii  bleat  woiU 


il 


I 


I 


470 


HOUSEHOUi  ^  ORDS. 


No  liuuiuu  wcaitij  m  wi>nh)  tu  be  «Ntii  | 

f].,,, ■ ..,•,    ]i,.r.r-    Ml    ^•..tA,.-ir    .,r    ■•nilc, 

Do 

Mr  !  -iili  LliU  Jiilc 

Of  , 

WbeuluL  .  ■.   :    . 

AiTMtisd  by  tbd  tflailooB  bailiff,  ttme. 
Locked  in  the  '  ' '        ;  i-isoa  of  the  graw, 
Upbmded  \v  :  ^Jieet  of  crimo, 

Ta«i  tinrorw  o    •  ..  leut  who  can  bmvol 

Of  talents  Icut  and  BqimndenMt  bo  wbo  gavo 
No  heod  to  Im-i  s^mVs  work.  rteWw  no  account, 

Of  t 

And  i"'  •'^in.  v>  >^.x-  <.j..'.i^..   1...,  i.^iOdgh  death 
will  never  motint. 

Yv.         '  V       r     ,        ,'  -  toil. 

ir  !q  pain ; 

Hi. I  .........  .   .^  .     .^^IvonoBoil — 

T>w  n  .1  mon.lftnt  to  complete  a  ^tubu 

Mvi]    '-'  k  fK'_  ]  ioh  ;  i?^  he  thcTi  rich  in  vain. 
Whoso  goodne-     i    1      '   ir  v    i^     to  besought? 
WcsaJth  to  the  ,      i         1 1    i  :    i  is  gain. 

So  cotint  Wo  not  iin^.  iiio  -  icwuruH  as  nought. 
But  work  for  thorn  like  men,  aiid  uso  them  os  wc 
ought. 


hi 

tdUT 
.  rn»d 


BLEEP. 

Our  health  and  happne^s  depend  very 
much  on  tbc  vuy  m  wiuch  vre  repritnte  our 
lives.  Strange,  as  it  vmy  ftpjwar,  ttiero  is  a 
*^'  '  v  •i:  t  ':oiild  \m  ohaerved  lu  our 
in  our  waking  hours, 
i  si  NM.  >  "It  iB  90  like 
di-ath,'  said   Sir    I  owne,  ''that   I 

cannot  trust  mysclt  ;  ut  mypmyera." 

Our  modi^^l  iiJtilo>»ophc-m  puzzle  themselves 
in  vnin  to  fifCfMint  for  U  ;  .ind  move  aVniut  in 

'  the  kitten 
V   ]t laying 

orijition  i0vvu  of  the  appron<"h  of  ^le^^p  than 
that  which  we  find  in  one  of  Leigh  Hunt's 
pfttKira  in  the  **  Indicator." 

"  It  is  a  dilieiuiJs  luoiiiefit  certainly,  that  of 
1»eing  wt'll  ne'itled  in  bed»  and  feeling  tha,t 
>T>n  shall  drop  j^'cutly  to  sleep.  The  good  b 
to  como — ^not  inxsi ;  the  limbs  have  bSiu  jaat 
tired  enough  t«j  ien».ier  the  remaining  in  one 
poature  delightful :  the  labonr  of  the  day  is 
done.  A  gentle  failure  of  the  pei*ceptions 
coniea  creeping  orer  one  ;  the  spirit  of  consci- 
ousneas  dis^engaiTe^  itself  more  and  more  with 
alow  aii<i  huKbing  degrees,  like  a  mother  de- 
tacliing  her  han*l  tioui  that  of  her  sleeping 
cliiltl  ;  the  mintl  Hcems  to  have  a  kdmy 
lid  closing  over  it,  like  the  eye  ; — 'tia  ckising 
— \i8  more  closing — 'tis  closed.  Tho  myate 
lioua  spirit  has  gone  to  t^ke  its  airy  rounds."' 
Jiut  wttftt  is  the  immediate  C4vuse  of  eU^up  I 
— Let  us  explain. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  a  cert*iu 
amount  of  nervoua  energy  ia  necessary  to 
support  the  activity  of  the  l>ody  ;  and  when 


this  ta  uJLhanalod  by  tlio  exertions  of  the  day, 


thc  wiuit    uf  their    unual    nerviui  » 

rtipt-Hftducea  a  state  of  sleep.    Th»  i  u 

Hill  objects  beconiea    eoafui».d ;    tlu» 
\v   dim;  the    lidn  dr»)|s  >•»    "pile    of 
v\\  ^  •  Id  them  ;  thun  the  muacioa 

of  :'  k  relax  their  tetisiun;  the 

hei««i   I  HI-  t-.n^.wvid,  or   to   or--   ■--'■-■   i-  ♦be 
other,  iind  the  iKj^ly  sinka,  n  i- 

KtaneeBMiH  iii-nniii    iiil,t:i  L.i 
but  thr 
after  thri 

oonvei'aauoti  ol  per»ou8  atvn. 
we  are  able  to  perceive  tb 
discrimiiuite  the  objeet  > 
this     half- waking,    h;i  i 
wliich  the   French  call  "  (' 
may  remaia,  a;»  in  a  pleasing 
time.,  until  aleep  abaorba  tlip 
oi*  eouficiousness.    Now«  if  1 1 

we  lielieve  it  dooa,  jDrom  a  d 

hnuBtion  of  ucrroua  eat*i^^  tlu 
fectly  developed  we  ahall  Inid  t 
s\'Bteai»  the  gi-eater  wUl  be  th' 
sleep  required  to  recruit  tlip  nnirr. 
Let  us  take  a  ghince  t'  ' 

gradations  of  the  Aiuin 

If  we  begin  with  Ingectd  v 
although  many,  like  the  c> 
n?tnain  for  montliB  in  u  stAt^e  ci  • 
they  may  oontLiiue  wakefiil  mi 
tlirtnighont  the  year — in  fact,  ti 
aleep  at  all.  We  shall  next  ob^- 
fiahee  the  nervouB  system  ia  niiK 
developed,  therefore  they  r* 
and  when  asleep,  they  m 
motionleiss  in  the  water,  wHU  llit' 
a  gentle  movement  of  the  tail,  in 
they  may  be  eaaily  netted,  or  evcf 
the  baud;  but,  if  auddenly  tn 
start  in  ai^  instcuitj  and  swim  awji 
alarm.  The  Serpent  tribea,  \^ 
Roraewhat  higher  in  the  dcalo  of  * 
remain  aAvake  many  daya  tod 
then  have  long  periods  of  reposv 
Constrictor,  after  gorging  itself  to  v«7pieti<m| 
will  remain  lor  many  days  or  weeks  motion^ 
less  and  insensible.  But  this  ahoidd  be  r^ 
garded  o&  a  stat^'  of  lethargy,  oonstH^pjeut  uj*on 
over  distension,  rather  tban  one  of  natuiid 
repose. 

Aa  we  proceed  higher  in 
ghall  find  that  birds  aleep  i 
fiHh  or  reptiles;   but  the  ^^ILM 
movement  will  awaken  them,  jis 
ly  the  caekling  of  the   ~w«i..,I 
sjkved  the  Capitol  of  It 
of  JjrennuH,  when  the  v 
were  sleeping   at     their    posta.       VVbeu 
arrive  at  the  different  orders  of  qnn  lrti|vedBv 
the  brain  and   spinal   mair  r^^5 

fully  developed  ;  and  the  pn:  ^t 

in  oljedieuce  to  their  instiii'l^  Hi'.^i    \\fnvh 
ai*o  active  by  <iay,  aleep  by  night*  and  tho«) 


of 

lu 

Ulitircnt 

'    '..it 

I 

^a 

[y 
iv 


'II, 


than 

•  or 

1 

h 

we 


w 


I 


t 


wbich  ronm  al^road  in  quest  <>f  prey  durint* 
the  Ti'  "       '  lay.     It  it* 

c%mi^  that  thi^ 

T'"*tlT.  --.i    !ii   thOSir    nnir         -    v>iii'  II    aj- 

'  -'  !•  ■•  '  '  '  ity  ;  thus  if  mny  n.^  observetl 
'.  tigers,  h"v  '  ■•■•  "•  -  ii*  <t'"' 
\  -r'na,  reran 

tlitjmselvra,  bo  far,  to  tht*  uses  of  *'  civiliaa- 
tiorL"  Th«  M*r*nkey  triljNes — ijarticularly  the 
rinqtails  Antl  smaller  sneciea,  are  very  reat- 
\t>MA  :  lint  lh<^  g^ri^at  li?a»oon  or  Chimpanzee, 
i'  '      '         '      hi   venr  closely 

I  Tike  his  six  or 


)'  that  is 
t»Mi,  HS  it 
vrrr^.  iVuii  al-tery — the  greater 

K^ill  he  th.  f'p  re«iuir*?d  ;  hence 

it  lias  l>t?eu  truly  icuiurketl,  that  "  Man  sleeps 
lonL'<*r  than  any  of  the  hxrger  animalfl." 

now  ilraw  nenr  to  the  bedsMe,  and 
iiom    attentively   thta    mystcriaua 
.— ivt,   ua  examine    tli«?  phenonifna   of 
Slorp. 

rr  Avfli  ]w<  rtlmerved  tluit  the  breathing  is 

^  when  wc  are  awnJte  ;  the  in- 

lilrr  and  deeper,  and  there  is 

iit^rvjil  between  them.    They  rLbo 

with   an   increase<i   sound ;    and, 

forcible,  the  most  **  numuBic^  *'  of 

*,  ri  z.,  t he  ni»se^  is  "^  Ciille*!  upon ' ' 

otrcui-s ;  more  espe- 

t   the  pidate,  or  the 

]ien.     In  these  ciisea 

i  air  encounters  an 

.    ;.,....  .l;e  soft  palate  at  the 

ith  is  throwni  thei-eby  into  a 

!i,  a  louder  and  more  (iiscordant 

Lxiuce*!     Many  peraomi,  however, 

I  iv  young  people  who  are  delicate, 

biuitiic  vcjrr  gently  ;  their  respiration,  during 

!ile«i>^  U  srmu'times  scarcely  aJMlihIe. 

W-  wn  a  lady  i 

in  n  rr\iice,  br* 


duv'cd  by  m;aiy  disc-uses,  tL 
pear  to  he  no  manifest  boui' 
sleep  and  lieath.  Like  the  njspiratioi^  the 
circulation  also  diminishes  in  rapidity ;  the 
pulse  l>ecome8  slower  and  fiiller.  The  Vessels 
of  thm  akin  iMfix  ;  and  it  has  been  proved  that 
'  I  i:-^  healthfully  and  without  any 

tM  promote  it,  will  during  an 
<p  in  a  given  space  of  i 
1  ''ly  ti^nce  as  much  as  a  j 

laperature  of  the  l.>ody,  uiiM-» 
jfe,^,  talis  t>oniewhat  l>elow  its 
I  ;  which,  in  the  management 
nleep,  is  a  matter  (*f  consider- 
•-.  On  this  ttccount,  during 
sUvp,  iberti  in  less  resistance  to  the  cooling 
power  and  morbid  effects  of  cold  than  when 


we  are  awake     **  Therefore,'*  save  Dr.  Elliot- 


'loct.     A  d- 

^ ...^  :    L  in  th»5  si*..;      ^ li 

itack  of  the  bo<iy  aT>[>eAi'«  lej<ft  vi>;oii>us 
!  the  fir«>nt,  as  a  draught  at  the  hack  is 
much  more  daugen>«s  thjtn  in  front*''     The 
cause   of  this   is   ol>viMis :    the  cold   ^rikes 
directly  on  the  spinal  column — tl»»  e 

havingj  unlike  the  chesty  very  littl 
pi-otection.     It  is  imi>ortant,  ther*  *    .it 

during  sleep  the  l«ack  should  be  v.'  II        »     d. 
^'      Mliotaon  aiids,  that  *'a^ties  mv  ciiHiiht 
readily  if  persons  fall  asleep ;  **  which 

_,    be  explained  by  this  simple  fact,  that 

although  the  rauiicular  system  is  i^elaxed  and 
prostrate,  and  the  organ?*  of  sense  veiled,  as  it 
were,  from  communion  with  the  external 
world,  the  proc*3s»?«  of  absorption,  di!rpstV»n, 
and  nutrition  go  on  with  increa- 
The  function    of   absoqition  is   i  v 

active,  which  explains  tli      ' 
in  niai-shy  places,  or  wL 
8!on    of    pailudal  exhahiUuuN.     .lUAi^nj    ^ 
have  observed,  that  during  sleep — when  the 
nervous  system  is  in  repose,  the  temperature 
of  the  body  U  reduced — ^there  is  leas  animal 
heat  generated  ;  hence  arises  the  danger  of 
yielding  to  sleep  when  expi^sed  to  cold.    "  Tho 

E>wer  of  intense  cold  in  producing  sleep/'  aa 
r.  Macnish  obaerveri,  is  very  great  in  the 
human  subject ;  and  nothing  in  the  wintw 
season  is  mor  ^  than  to  tind  people 

lying  dead  in  i  id  the  highways  from 

such  a  cause.  \\  uvvt  «  n\  Solander  was  cross- 
ing the  mountains  which  divide  fswetlen  from 
Nurway.  !♦>  .  imt.t.i-  w^ith  Sir  Joseph  Banks 
and  sevc  1  Mien,  he  warned  them, 

saying,  "  ^  iown  will  sleep ;  and 

wfioever -i  i-  mU  wake  no  more."  »horUy 
aft^rwar'l-  i'l  islander  was  the  first  who  felt 
an  irresistible  inclination  to  lie  down,  and  one 
of  his  f^llnw  trnvellers,  Mr.  Richmond,  per- 
;  *    '     ■   .,'  that  '*he 

down  and 

(ij  u  imfH>ssible 

>cpli  Banks  and 

,  .•/..i--...'T-.''xi  ar'"»"'''"'i  I'l'-m; 

,  Sir  Joseph  t  1 

^  t-r,  and  happily  i  ; 

but  though  he  had  not  slept  hvc  minutes,  he 

had  :duioet  IcfSt  the  use  of  his  limbs,  and  the 

muscles  were  ao  shrunk,  that  the  shows  fell 

from  his  f»»et,     He  »?on«ent-ed  to  sro  forward 

with  auvl  '  '   '  1  him ; 

but  no  at  t  !  were 

esaful— iie  iiit"M  on  luc  ^p'u.     jii   Hevere 

Ler  weather,  when  the  p«.Hir  suft'er  much 

,^,,i..  '^.^l.l  i>l....l-,.r-  r.vi.  ;rJr,..>^f  as  ilidlS- 
per  '3  also  one 

very  -  ..  _      .         ,  t  connected 

with  this  subject ;  it  is  that  sleep  pr<"Uiotcs 
the  cure  of  all  diseases.  Wliat  the  phj'sicians 
of  old  called  "  tA*  efin*  "  occurs  in  this  state, 
and  it  is  not,  therefore  without  reaac^vs.  ^.Vss^ 


ft 


47S 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS, 


(0MAii«4«4«r 


N 


the  afflictetl  r*iliitives  watching  rouDcl  a  sick 
bed  awftit  wi(h  fiuiufiU  ftuxiety  the  awaking 
of  thoir  fvntient.  In  a  stat«  of  heiJth,  alee|J 
not  only  coutributes  to  the  ]»ruIougati..>u  of 
life,  but  euhancea  the  coDscioufl  pleasure  even 
of  our  existence ;  iiidee<i,  it  frequently  hapiK-ns^ 
ftfWr  u  rt^freshing  night's  rest,  that  the  mind 
expei'ienee«  a  high  degree  of  unwoiiteii  buoy- 
Ancy,  iMtrtictdarly  i^Xer  jik'^iK'Uit  dreams, 
although  the  details  of  theui  niav  not  be 
roiuottiWreil — a  circumi*tmioe  whicli  Shjtke- 
flpe&ro  ti;ii*  inlinirubly  denoiil Hid,  where  Itomeo 
wiySj  in  a  tone  of  exultntion, 

'*  If  I  umv  !ni«t  thfi  flfttt<»rii»fl|  ovo  of  *loo]>, 

Mv  .^    '  '  ■     '  "     ■       ■    ■  ml: 

M\ 

AnUa..  .„,.  -,._ r  ,  ........ 

Lifte    me    iibovo    tl  >     with    cho«rful 

thougUu." 

In  oi\i«r»  howMver,  Utat  we  may  eujoy  theiie 

advantages  it  \»eho\*C8  tis  ' ■  ^'r  in  whnt 

luaunt'i'  !sl<M.'p  should  In*  ^  .  for  when 

we  coasider  *'  liow  use  d^^.-  .  i  a  habit  in 
a  man, "  it  ia  ob\iou8  that  evcu  tliis  "  widr* 
blessing  '*  may  Ik?  stiiutgely  abuaed.  We  may, 
therrifoi*e,  fairly  uak  what  in  the  quantity  of 
bltiep  which  a  naaouabla  uiiih  bhould  biH  cou- 
tented  with  ? 

This  U  somewhat  a  dijBcult  question.  Tall 
and  bulky  |H.^o|»lt;  ret^nire  more  sleep  thau 
short  and  thin  tfooph- ;  meu  than  women  ; 
and  :ill  luiiuiiiLs  sU*ep  lunger  in  winter  thiui  in 
summer.  Age,  coMstitution,  climate,  oc^-^u- 
V' '"  '  ""'  '  ^  "  •■•'  ^'  of  incidental  causes  must 
t-ation.  Ihiring  the  first 
!  nutrition  and  slet'p  con- 

stitute the  whole  sum  of  existence  ;  the  infant 
awaken  when  hungiy  to  take  noujiahnu*nt, 
when  satiatied  it  falla  asleep  at^'ain.  As  the 
d**v«>lopment  of  the  nervous  fiy;stenj,  in  pur- 
ticular,  goes  on  at  thia  peidod,  with  rem.'uk- 
able  rapidity,  the  more  it  «let<iw  the  better. 
In  eitixfine  old  age  much  nleep  i»  yiao  re- 
uuiivd.  The  famous  Dr.  Thomaa  Farr,  who 
♦lied  at  tlie  extratirtUmiry  age  of  one  buudi'ed 
and  lifly-two  years  and  nine  mouths,  Utterly 
iilypt  Jiway  the  cTeater  jiart  of  his  existeni^e. 
Wo  knew  an  old  Wly,  one  hundred  and  five 
years  of  age,  iu  Esaex,  who  alept  nearly  twenty 
out  of  the  tweuty-four  Lours,  Youth  and 
young  atlulta  aleep,  habitnally,  very  soundly  : 
and  it  is  during  this  perio^l  of  life  that  laiv 
and  sluggish  habits  al^B  ea.sily  eogendered, 
Tlie  faculty  of  remaining  aaleep  longftr  than 
ia  tiec4»aary  cannot  be  indulged  iu  without 
impairing  the  strength  l>jth  of  the  body  and 
mind.  The  conliuue<l  depreaaion  of  the  nei*voU8 
systum  juid  excenaive  tranapiiiU  ion  oecaaiou 
jihyaieal  debility,  while  the  intellectual  facul- 
ti&H,  from  constiuitly  slwrnlHTiag  in  a  state  of 
inactivity,  become  gradually  euifeebled.  Vn- 
leugin  relates  the  cajse  of  a  young  mai*,  who, 
in  eoiiaequence  of  too  raueli  sleep,  became 
ieMiargic,  and  died  at  the  a^v  of  twenly-thi\*e 
yeaiTi.  Boerhaave  give*  an  ai^eount  of  a 
^)hysioiiMi,  who,  from  excetsaive  tileep,  became 


mentally  imWcile,  and  peri«hetl,  nVusorably, 


her  life  in  sleep.     Another  wouuin,  i*iu:a-c.h 
Perkiiih,  wunkl  ideep  for  ten  or  eleven  dnyr.  ai  ii 


in  u  lioApitaL    The  somnolenrv  ..f  di.   tat  1. 
in  Pickwick  ia,  by  no  mean:). . 
Persons  have  exiated  who  h;r 
away  their  entire  exihteuce.     On 
tJvcn,  Dr.Macnish  snys,  spent  thn 

ii  ide 
time,  aiirl  then  Bpontaneoui^ly  awake,  and  go 
alK»tit  iu»  uhujU,  The  '^SU'epiiig  L»dy  of 
Niames "  (.'u*  she  wiu»  '•  i'  ■''  }■'•■]  -nacka 
of  soninoleiK'y   which    i  i   for 

days — jinil  even  raimths.  .1  .  .  ,  Aim  re- 
markuble.  During  th«?  briel  inter**al  of  her 
wakt-fulraiii*  she  hurriedly  .Hwallowe*!  *itijaU 
quantiticii  of  broth,  which  Wfi*  kept  rcAirly 
pifparvd  for  her.  When  the  nonuiolem-y  liad 
eoniiuued  Utv  six  montliH,  it  left  her  gmhlcnly 
for  six  months,  and  then  attacke<l  her  a^aiii, 
ItiJiviug  another  interval  of  r  '  \t 

length   the    atleotion   gnuiu;  i 

altogetlier,  ami  tshe  lived  to  tic  ..-.  <.'i  >  ivn  y- 
one,  juifl  eveutuidly  died  of  driqwy.     Sloep^ 
therefojv — too  prolonged  ale<M.— nnv  L,*r, .tne 
a  dimiiittu  ;  nay  more,  i>erii*>Uis 
bring  themselves  to  sleep  wii  I 

wake   when  they  will.     Quin,  the  <i 

comedian;  Napoleon;  the  |)hilo«io|  ^ 

laid  Captjtin  Barclay,  the  gi-eat  pe«ii-su  Lau,  ;u"« 
iiutid  to  have  commandeii  this  f'u-ultv. 

On  the  other  liand,  some  ]>«  1  '         *       ! 

in    a    Btate    of    couHlnnt     v.  1  1 

scarcely  «lept  at  all:  we  frrq«i« n  1, 

meet  with  individmil,4  of  an  aeti  ■* 

tem|x*rament,    who    habitti/dly   n 
little  aleep.     The   celebrated    Ct«?i. 
never   slept   more    than    tour   hiHi 
twenty-four  ;    Iua  foc*d  coutiistin^^  t 

breatl,  water,  and  vegeLnbh.^.  F«  ( 
Gi*eat   of   Prussia,    and    the   tun.  i 

Hunter,  never  sle|)t  more  tiuiu 
during  the  same  jieriod.     Dr.  Oo«  • 
instance  of  a  mau  who  Hlcpt  fur  • 
minutes  out  of  the  twenty-four  \.  > 

(Jilbcrt   litanc  fitate^s,  that  Gen  em.  i 

iniormed  him  that,  iu  the  cour»e  ol  ..  .- se 

campaigns,  he  had,  for  a  whole  year,  not  sKpt 
more  tiian  one  out  of  ev*!ry  twenty -lour 
hours.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  mi  u Lai 
activity,  accom{>anied  by  anxiety,  will  1  .  |j 
up  an   excitement  of  the  brain  ^  I 

produce  a  state  of  constant  wa 
Boerhaave  saya,  tluit  after  his  miui,  uu  uuo 
occaaiou,  had  beeu  greatly  ovei^workexl,  ha 
could  not  sleep  for  six  weeks ;  and  it  b  vvcH 
known  that  sleeple^isnetis  is  one  of  the  most 
onlimtry  ssTnptoma  of  insanity.     1'  '   'r 

of  heulth  the  sunount  of  sleep  1 
rcijtore  the  nervous  tJi  ■  " 
conceive,  from  six  to  t 

Taylor   iusistai  that  tin  ^ 

sufficient ;    Bitxter,  foun  «n*i  'om- 

mends  the  gtaudjird  to   be  b  x  out 

of  the  twenty-four  hours.     \'  that 

»ix  hours  is,  with  many,  suti  ia  ad 

with  the  Duke  of  Wcllingtou.  an'J  I'  u-  ntato*- 
men,  engaged  in  active  bttskit***,  allow  them- 


selves  a  longer  period  of  i-epow.  TLrr^  or 
Tour  hours,  we  havt*  heard^  is  all  that  Lfjnl 
Broui;b:ito,  in  hia  be»t  dayj*,  r^nuired,  and  he 
iJwnyis  row  sufficiently  refi^she<l ;  but  litemrv 
men  oe^ni  more  sleep  perhayjs  than  others.  We 
ni*e  ill  formed,  by  Lockhnrt,  tliat  8ir  Walter 
S«;ott,  l^oth  as  a  youDg  man  and  in  more  ad- 
vanced agt?,  required  "a  eootl  allowance  of 
Hl'^nKji;"  and  he,  on  iirincii>le,  indulged  in  it, 
:-.iyiiig  "he  was  but  half  a  man  if  he  liad  not 
lull  AfiWJ  hoursof  ntt4?r  unfonsciouBness"  We 
have  already  premised  that  tall  an<l  bulky 
people  require  more  sleep  thmi  short  people  ; 
antl  Sir  Walter,  bcKides  being  a  large  lx)ned, 
was,  it  may  be  saj<l,  a  tali  man.  It  is  a  rtiri*tn.s 
circdmstance,  we  do  not  '  '      i 

iu*'t    with    in    his    Bio^j 
desirous  of  joining  an  ;iiulvLii     ■  jmu.    ^^ull  a 
LxiLsted  in  Etliubuigh,  he  was  proposed  as  a 
.  •■   li^'t..     This  was  ciiUe*!  *' The  Six  Feet 
'  I  it  was  a  Mint  ^vt}  nan  that  every 

honld  be  of  that  stature.  We  believe 
the  Earl  of  Errol  liecame  the  patmn  oi  this 
cluh,  the  object  of  which  waa  to  promote 
athletic  exerci»e«  and  the  sports  and  pastiiues 
of  the  ♦*  Highland  Games,"  When  Sir  Walter 
Scott  present^T'd  hhn.self  to  be  measured  there 
wa-s  some  doubt  alKiut  his  being  eli^ble  ;  but, 
when  he  had  taken  off  his  shoes  and  placed 
him8<?lf  lui'ler  the  measurin^'^  or<leal-poat,  it 
wa.M  ftjund  that  he  exactly  reached  the  re- 
quisite height.  His  head  just  scraped  the  mark, 
and  luj  wa«,  therefoi-e,  admitted  a  member  of 
the  "Six  Feet  Club,"  with  sdl  the  honours. 

To  return.  W^hatever  may  be  the  quantity 
of  sleep  required,  early  rising  iB  essential  to 
Jiealth,  and  promotes  lonj^evity.  Almost  all 
men  who  have  di»tinn;uiahed  themselves  in 
Scienw?,  Literature,  and  the  Aila  have  b*»eu 
as  Mr.  Macniah  statea,  early  risera.  The  in- 
dust  nous,  the  active  minded,  tho  enthusiast 
jr,    .,,.,.i,.,f  i^f  knowledge  or  gniu,  are  up  be- 

•lieir  res]>ective  oocd pat  ions,  while 
1  ^_  ird  wastes  the  most  beautiful  period 

i>J  lifr  u^  j>emicioua  alamber.  Homer,  Virgil, 
and  Horace,  are  ail  represented  as  early 
risers ;  the  same  was  the  case  with  Paley» 
Franklin,  Priestleyj  Parkhurat,  and  Buffijn ; 
tlie  last  of  whom  ordertwl  his  servant  to 
awaken  htm  everv  morning,  and  conqwl  him 
to  get  up  by  force  if  he  evinced  any  reluctance, 
for  which  service  be  waa  rewarded  with  a 
crowu  each  day^  which  recompense  he  for- 
feitetl  if  he  did  not  oblige  his  mrtst<?r  to  get 
0(iit  of  lied  before  the  clock  struck  six. 
Bishoiis  Jewel  and  Burnet  rose  every  morn- 
ing at  four  oY'lock.  Sir  Thomas  More  did 
the  same  thing.  Napoleon  waa  an  early  riser, 
no  were  Frederick  the  Great  and  Cliarlcs  the 
Twelfth  :  80  is  her  present  Majesty  ;  and  so 
fife  almost  all  the  nobility  m  attendance 
upon  the  t .V»»rt.  Tliat  early  rising  tends  to 
prolong  life,  apjieara  to  be  clcjtrly  proved. 
One  of  ouv  moat  eminent  Judges,  Lord 
Mansfield,  mtls  at  the  pains  of  collecting 
some  curious  evidence  on  this  subject.  When 
be  presided  iu  his  judiciid  capacity  over  the 


C4)nrt,  he  questioned  every  very  tild  j^er^oti 
who  appeared  at  the  Bar,  ifspectiiig  his 
habits.  "  Wlmt  age  are  vow  V*  *'  What 
sort  of  life  have  you  led — olten  drunk,  vh  ? " 
"Please  God."  auswercil  a  man  i  '      >r 

ninety,  '*I  have  seldom  gone  to 
and  in  fact  it  turned  out  that  wli  f 

these  veterans  pleiulcd  guilty  to  • 

temjverance*   and    others    on    the     .   ; jy, 

attested  their  imiform  sobriety,  all  agieed 
ou  one  point — that  of  having  been  ejirly 
risers.  Nevertheless,  the  moniiug  snooze,  haa 
We  confess,  its  temptations.  Our  leaders  will 
remember  Burns'  plenstmt  little  song. 

**  Up  in  the  momiug's,  no  for  me. 
Up  in  the  morning  early  ; 
When  a'  the  hilla  are  covered  wi'  enttw, 
Vrn  « are  it  'ft  winter  fairly." 

Thomson,  the  author  of  "Tlie  Seadona,**  pajssed 
a  great  portion  ol  his  time  in  l>etl. 

Dean  Swift,  we  are  told,  lay  in  bed  until 
eleven  o'clock  every  morning,  to  think  of  wit 
for  the  day. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  observed,"!  like  to  lie 
nmnanfU]!  over  thiu^  for  an  hour  or  so  before 
I  get  up — ^and  there  s  the  time  I  am  dressing 
to  overhaul  my  hjdf-sleepiug,  half-waking /)ro- 
Jft  d<  Chapitre^  and  wlien  I  get  the  paper  be- 
fore me,  it  commonly  runs  off  pretty  ea'i'Lly," 
We  have  always  considered  the  morning 
toilette  should  be  gone  through  very  method- 
ically^ and  ver\'  cleliberately  ;  it  is  a  ceremony 
that  should  not  be  too  hastily  ]>erformed  j 
during  the  operation  of  shaving  in  jjarticular, 
which  ought  alwaj'S  to  be  perionned  slowly, 
many  strange  fancies,  ajj<l  tlioughtfid  sugges- 
tions may  flit  across  the  mind.  It  sliould, 
however,  be  added  that  Sir  Walter  Scotl 
during  the  greater  part  of  his  life,  rose  by 
6ve  o'clock,  and  that  his  literar>'  work  was 
chiefly  acoomplished  before  breakfast. 

Early  rising,  if  incidcated  iu  youth,  will  in 
after  life  become  a  habit ;  hence  many  peivon* 
at  whatever  hour  they  retire  to  bed,  will 
awalcen  at  the  Mame  hour  the  next  morning. 
The  influence  r,f  habit  on  the  discipline  of 
sleep  is  verj'  i-euiarkable,  Peraous  acciL^tomed 
to  sleep  in' the  noisy  thoroughfai*es  of  a  town 
are  disturbed  by  the  quietude  of  the  couutry. 
and  complain  that  they  cannot  sleep  for  the 
silence.  The  story  is  i*elated  of  a  miller,  who 
l)eiiig  very  ill,  hia  mill  was  stop]>ed  that  he 
might  not  be  di.-turbed  by  its  noiBc  ;  but  this 
so  liir  from  inducing  sleep  prevented  it  alto- 
gether, and  it  waa  not  until  the  mill  was 
again  set  going,  that  he  could  compose  him- 
self to  sleep  at  aU:  So  also  the  manager  of 
some  vast  Iron  Works,  who  slept  close  to 
them  amid  the  din  of  hammei'S,  foi-ges,  and 
blnst-fuituices,  always  awoke  if  there  were 
any  cess-'dion  of  the  in»ise  tluring  the  night. 
If  a  person  fall  asleep  listening  to  the  ringing 
of  a  churclt  bell,  he  may  remain  conscious, 
while  sleeping,  that  it  coutinues  ringing,  and 
will  Iw  aroused  by  its  suddenly  stopping.  We 
also  remember  the  iuieo<lote  of  an  old  admi- 


474 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


ICon4oM«d«r 


nil's  wife  who  was  awjikened  ' 
th^  raoruiug  gun  go  off.     It  is 
habit  tt.  person  iiifty  bring  him 
iiny  given  hour,     (Stainieu  and 
do  «o  conatiiLitly.     Wbeii  the  ]., 
rctuni<?d  iuto  caiit<}nm*ints,  after  h\ 
ill   the  Pefiinaula,  iin<l  sleeping  coi- 
the  grouutl^  they  preferred  si. .  ]  i  n     d   the 
fl*x>r  in  the  baniicks  uad  ho^^i  ii  t^-,  i  vn  n  to 
the   palUossrCSy  or  tujvttrefiAed  bcda  ni*ovuled 
for  thi^u.    nenci*,  pt^raous  accustomeo  to  sleep 
I  '  eudure  what  othera  coii- 

y  of  a  feftther  bed.  How 
ui...  I.  Ill  ij>  HUi  .niix.iiot^  fiiTe(l,  iu  reapect  to 
tliese  comforts  will  be  fituud  detailed  in  luiuiy 
an  old  chr<»ujcl«*.  *'  Uiir  fathena,"  Bays  Hotiu- 
Hhed,  "and  wo  ourselvea  have  laiw  full  oftfii 
upon  stmw  palleUes,  covcrt'd  only  willi  a 
sheet,  under  coverlets  made  of  dagswain,  or 
hoperlots  (J  use  their  uwu  terjus)  a,nd  a  good 
round  lo^  under  tbcii*  he:nla,  instead  of  a 
bolster.     If  it  were  bo  that  the  father  or  the 

So<jd  man  of  the  hoiisc  hinl  a  mattrt";-i>4,  or  a 
ock  bed,  and  thereto  a  sack  of  chaff  to  rest 
hlu  head  upon,  he  thought  hiimielf  to  l>«  as 
well  iu<lgcd  as  the  lord  of  the  town.  IJ?^o 
well  were  they  contented.  PillowB,  ftoid  they, 
were  ihouf^ht  mt-et  only  f*'r  women.  As  fur 
gervantfl,  if  they  had  any  sheet  above  Uiem,  it 
wa»  thought  well ;  for  seldom  they  had  any 
under  their  bodies  to  keep  theru  from  the 
prickling  straws  that  i-aa  oft  throiufh  the 
canvf**,  and  rwued  tlielr  hardened  nydea," 
lliere  cjui  l>e  little  doubt  that  the  tendency 
of  over-civilisation,  is  to  produce  effeminacy  ; 
and  many  of  on  r  fa^ )  i "  '- '  - 1 .  ung  arlatocrHts 
resemble,  nowa-tln;.  tie  youth,  who 

could  not  slei'p  bt\-.. -.,  .'.....joth,  a  roae-leaf 
was  doubled  under  hiiu. 

'riiere  is  one  very  ciu'loua  fket  connected 
with  this  BuVyect,  that  meritii  pai'ticular  atten- 
tion—it is  the  [XJriodieity  of  «Ieep.  The  laws 
of  nature  may  Iw  liinipered  with,  but  they 
cjiunot  be  subverted  ;  we  may  step  out  of  the 

!mths  she  has  prescribed,  but  we  c^umot  ^o 
or  l>eyond  them  with  impunity.  It  ueeoB 
scarcely  any  evideiu      '  o  that  the  day 

was  intended  for  ex  1  the  night  for 

r^'ii.w.i  :    yot   inariv   ]    *     .,0.   i'urgetting  that 
Girder  of  miture,  endeavour  to  wliat 
I  ily  called  "turn   day  into  night.'* 

1  lie  votary  of  pleai^ure  retires  to  his  couch 
frequently  after  sunrise,  and  tlie  university 
6tudtmt,notunfreouently,  nsniaina  f>orin!T  over 
hk  liHMjilcs  aU  nigut,  abri<lging  the  amount  of 
repose  which  is  ueceaaary  to  reeruit  the  ei- 
hauHl.ed  enerj^ies  of  his  bndn.  The  rcauH  of 
this  bad  custom  is  sooner  or  later  severely 
felt ;  study  becomes  more  and  more  difficult, 
aud,  at  last,  impossible.  The  over-worked 
brain  can  toil  no  lon^'er  ;  its  intimate  »lrnc' 
tuii.^  LMVt-s  \vj(v.  and  the  most  diatre^sinff 
debility  of  body,  and 
1  ..   euBue.      ^[any   of   the 

tuubL  UJeiilei.!  and  promiaui|(  vounj^  men  in 
our  murersities,  liave  thus  fallen  victims  to 
their  not    having    properly  diecipliued    the 


cidonclsj  of  hoifk^   in  the  Fivneh  1 

luinh   disputed,  which  periul  <if  ' 

horn's  w:^a  fittest  for  mai    liii  _,   .1       ,   r 
ise  ;  ;md   it  being  an  int*  i<  -1  wil:  iiij.    j';n 
iu  u   military   jniint  of  view,  t!iey  oot^iined 
leave  from  the  cfimmaudiug  •»f*ir'er  t*^  try  tho 
following  experiment.   One  tif  la 

it  wa*  in  the  heat  of  summer  e 

day  and  rested  at     '  V '  > 

enS  of  a  march  of  .t 

the  loaa  of  either   i.i'..i   ■  .  ? 

other,  who  thought  it  would  4 

to  march  in  the  cool  of  the  t 

of  the  uii^ht,  than  In  the  hr  t 

the  eml  of  thu  same  march  ii  f 

hia  horses,  and  some  of  hie*  mtru.  Auulher 
remarkable  circnaiBtance  hi*'-.  Iven  oh^'^rv^d. 
It  ia  more  unhealthy  (  lie 

»\m  has  risen,  and  bum  f , 

than  it  is  to  tiit  up  by  e^iuii;  i- 

Hot.    "I  have  no  doubt,"  sji  1- 

clair,  "of   the  ijuperior   \iv.  :>\ 

winter  time,  of  riaing  by  da>  4 

candle-light  at  the  close  of  tliv       ,  . -  :  jf 

rising  by  candle-light  and  miing  it  some  hours 
before  daylight  approaches."" 
But,  it  may  U  aaid,  •'  All  tl 
Mr.   PhU«>8opher,   **  but   supj 
ettonot  aleep^  aud  that  with  all  a[)|  1 

roeaiia  to  lioot,  we  ta49  ftl*out  on  t 

uur  pillin         ■      ■'  '  '  'i 

clothes,  <  11 

luiswer  b,  cm|»hatically,  avoid  havi 

to  uarcoticjs,  tvt  although  th«"V  n. 

temivorary  repose,  the  sleei' 

freKuitig,  fiud  the  following  m 

terious  effects,  whether  of  opium  1 

will  still  linger  ia  the  system.     ^ 

»lK'akiug  generally,  that  th*- 

can  be  brought  to  dwell  on  ai; 

aion,  tlie  Boomer  the  attention  v,il\ 

and  sleep  induced.     It  ia  iip<:»n  tl  i 

that  monotonous  -1       '  ' 

other  sensations,  i 

rerieated,  produce  lli^.  .:,..li-_  . ..  v, 

bhater,  by  fatiguing  the  attention.  «  j  j 

on  sleep;  so  also  will  frictions,  1  1/ 

along  the  course  of  the  spine.    It  i  u 

practice  with   Spanish   women   I"  t* 

children    t^    sleep    by    ru1»bing    titv 

along  the  vertebne  of  the  l.tiick.     I*'  '^^ 

certain,  also,  that  the  wavii. 

before  the  face  and  body  dun 

of  animxd  magnetism,  ]<     ' 

found  sleepj  followed  by  s 

which  ai'e  sometimes   »  .:. 

**We  have  seen  l^iys  at  e"  , 

"(all  asleep  by  tijLLiig  th.  .  ;* 

candle,  or  a  hole  in   the  .-^i  A  f«^w 

years  ago  a  Mi'.  Ganl ner,  v  ,   T>T>y- 

feased  to  have  diacovere*!  th.  ij; 

people  to  procure  sound  and  ,1 

at  will,  and  among  the  number  oi  hU  cuuviu'ta 


CUrl'* 


THE  INVITED  INVASION. 


476 


tvfts   T' 

folium 

CMS.         lli>- 

toned  alHJut 

**,.,!... 1      ,,.,     r, 


I  ol  tliis  inyKtcriutis  pro 
M.N  I'lf'Sii  tfufTerer  haviug  uuU 
tiis  Im'J,  us    refltlesfus    and    uu 

-^itp  at  6€ft,is  tlireotf^  '"     ' 

"»  place  Ilia  head  d 
<  ,  »  that  it  ejt.'ictly  OL     , 

iwgie,  ik  line  drnwu  from  the  heiui  to  tiie 
ihonlder  would  fonii^aud  then  aUj^htly  closiu^ 
hia  lijis,  take  rather  a  full  uispimtion,  bre&th- 
iag  iia  much  as  he  possibly  caji  through  the 
nostrils-  Thk,  however^  is  not  alisoIuteJy 
accv&atuy.  ns  wme  f^r^ous  hre^ithe  alv^Tiyti 
T;  '    ''  ^ha  dunng  sleep,  iind  iv5t 

i'»  do  not.     Having  Inktii 


it  i»  rege&ented  in  auffick*ni 
nerves  &t«  stimulnled  to  ri?- 


aes  this  111 
uutil  ut  ,^ 
stimulus.  Ought  i 
DutiinJ  i4»cld  «ii- 
uiuieecASJirily  nwtUceut'^i  I  A-  t  ;, 
we  think  not.  We  couoeiv*'  Ui  *! 
provision  of  Nature  to  reisKiv  thr 
onei^lea  of  the  atiitUMl  avbt^  in — } : 
meidul — and  a*  auch  it  should  W 
kindlv,  geutly,  aud  gratefullv. 


-on  who  ia  in  * 

1     nleep   to    be 

:d  rule, 

'-p  h  a 


but  1   mapiriuiou  muBt   be   taken. 

The  imist  now  be  fixed  upon  the 

at'tiou  ui  wiikh  tho  iMitient  is  engaged.  He 
must  depict  to  Idnisclf  that  he  seed  tht  breath 
passing  froDi  his  nostrils  in  :v  contiuuouM 
siroiun,  and  the  \ery  infit&ut  he  briuijs  his 


mind 
ideas, 


to  O'  this,  apail  from  all  other 

cor  tiuif    memory    depart  j 

;^..,,r;..r.*;  ^..    ^aney   becomes   dor- 

1  ^  :  4uid  «Uep  au]x^rvenc*. 

!  ;i«jtin)es,  that  the  patient 

!  on  the  lirst  attempt,  but  he 
1  uurjige^b     Let  him  peraevcre 

iu  UikiiiM  1*^^^  in^ptration;^  and  exptintions 
wi^honf  nttvinpting  to  oc*unt  them,  for  if  he 
'1  ict  of  nnmerntion  will   keep  him 

id  even  iihonld  he  not  succeevl  in 
T     '         '     will,  at  least, 
'.irium  which  is 
;i.f  f"'^<i^'^  '■'  '  *<. ill cli  ja  scarcely 

inferior  U*  it.  Is  Imvo  RatisHed  ua 

of  this."     Wo  u  ,!  Jiio  ourselvea,  be  it 

observed,  fur  the  suoceas  of  this  experiment, 
wliich  retuinda  ns  of  an  observiition  once 
nuoJe  to  US  by  a  ]>oor  lunatic.  "  Ah  !  '*  said 
he,  *' PY<*^n  thill f^  i'^  ^ow  done  by  Bteam  ;  wo 
I  sleam,^ — mud  pray  by 

tliat  my  aunt,  who 
is  i\  VI  ty  .  '     i:Lrh  she  robbiHl 

me  of  mv  up  n<>9e.     The 

Btoani,  al^^  i n.    u.<.v   it  an  npward 

twists"     1  I    he  w;ia  full  of  fjiueips  ; 

and  wc  cau  ,._  ;,  ,  aiceive  that  if  any  person 
eot/Af  (w^hich  is  the  difficultyj)  exhaust  his 
attention  by  watching  hia  own  breathing 
tutil  it  emitted  riBible  steam^  he  would  faJi 
into  a  sound  ^lumlx^r  long  before  the  phe- 
nomenon Ixjcanic  apparent.  Tlie  beast  pre- 
parAtivt^A  for  elt^ep  at  night  are  healthy 
.nd  c^ccuyiation^ — b<mily  aud  mental, 
'  lay — but  it  should  be  remembered 

tiiau   <-vrj  titJLtv    jiroducea  a  state  of  irr-* 
J  -^.  Once,  however,  a^- 
i''iM'>us  liumber,  how  u.  ... 


liie  day  lay  up  good  treasures  for 
But  we  ai*e  now  touching  upon   ii  uf 

Dre.ini,  and  must  patme  ere  we  viriiiure  to 
explore  ita  myaterlea«  We  shall  return  to  it 
anon  ;  imd  then,  as  we  draw  aside  the  curtain, 
it  will  be  made  manifest  that  '*  Our  Ufc  b 
twofold — Sleep  hath  its  own  World." 


bOity  and  i-   ; 
wrapt  iu  vk-'  ;. 

that  we  agriin 
Thie,  W't'  ri; 

in  the  foil- 
cndeavouii 


i.  luay  be  accounted  fur 
«^r : — Afl  we  have  ali-eady 
'lain,   sleep   arises   froiTi 


exhauBtion  ot  tL^  nervous  energy ;  and  when 


CHIPS. 

THE  INVITED  ISVAfilOSf 

When,  0  provincial  or  foreiifn  visitor !  yott 

look  down  at  mid-day  «jK>n  Ludgate  Street 

from  the  outer  gallery  of  the  dome  of  St, 

Paul's,    you   behold    ibnr  cunents  of  hata 

I  with  a  vzirieetLtion  of  bonnets  here  and  tliere, 

I  (like  fiou         ^     ^        ■  '  "     \. 

|ingtwoii  -; 

move  ill  ..•.ii"  *»t<r.ii^ 

'ward  wii  thout  end. 

Upon  tha:  ^  .-''^  y<>^»   g«t 

an  idea  of  a  u.     It  is  there 

that  you  full}  i::a  two  miJliotia 

jand  a  quai-tei-  oi"  \ia  aitj   congregated  upon 

I  this    out-of-the-way    comer    of    the    earthy 

I  which    is    ou    terre«trial     glol>es     labelled 

'*  London."     It  is  there  that  yoii  smils  at  the 

stories  of  an*  ■         <'  '    Ion  and  iU  fabulona 

census  of  Ass  1  laugh  the  vaunted 

population  ol    j. .  pliu    lo   seom.     It  is  there 

!  that,  straiiilnff  your  eyes  to  the  right  and  to 

the  left,  while  eircimiambulating  your  airy 

rch,  you  feel  some  heaitation  in  ile^&eeuding  ; 

est»  there   being    no  room    even   for  your 

moderate  corpus,  you  should  l>e  pushed  a^^ide 

Idee  a  .^tjfiw  in  a  tori'ent.     Yet  tnia  traflic  is 

not  so  great  as  that  which  pa^sses  under  the 

ugly  clock  which  protruilej*  from  the  elegant 

spireofBowtl        '    "'  '    i»entumour 

on  the  neck  ot  apside  are 


These  concentrate  and  thicken  at  Bow 
Chmvli  —  to  h**  bom  wi^liiit  oftiihot  ot 
whase  lielfry  con.stitni<- 

logicallv  therefore  Bow  ^  ..  .e 

of  London, 


I" 


pei 
iesi 


476 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


tCma4mna%r 


I 


To\i  may,  perli?ips,  Riij>|K>se,  O  innocent 
pro^Tncial  !*  llmt  tbe  tunving  mnnifesUitiim  of 
trvdnT  ia  «."x<'t'ptioruvl.  like  tine  otfier  country- 
tnan,  who  wuiU'd  nt  the  thresholrl  of  <i<»M- 
smifh'H.  fMihliaher  (whose  house  ia  jant  bdow 
you)  fi>r  hitlf  a  rlny,ftja<l  Ihfu  cnr^nijcd  *'  wh»*Ti 
thf  crt'ttil  wonhi  have  done  jjnivsiiipf/'  y**>u 
imnginc  that  sunn*  extmonliiKiry  nlinictiim 
hiw  hruiiL'ht  the  people  into  the  HtreetH. 
But,  Lw  amurcdt  you  behold  the  orditmn- 
avemge.  Hear  the  Bccretftry  <»f  the  C'ity  of 
London  police  on  the  nuniher  of  foot,  omniona, 
ca]».  rarniisre  and  conch  p.'v«5enc:erF  v^ho  daily 
travei>«e  the  City  thoroiighfaivs  : — Dtirin^' 
every  twpDty-four  hours  thro\ijrhrntt  thr  yoar, 
he  siiys,  an  avern^e  of  ony  hundred  untl  nine- 
teen Ihounmid,  nix  hundred  and  two  indi- 
viduals [liias  Bow  Church,  nml  oidy  n  liUlo 
luori*  than  half  of  them  are  foot  p)!>;Hcn«,'ers, 
the  rt'i'it  being  ritlorH,  In  the  Month  of  Mny,  lie 
arlds,  thfj  nundMM'  tt(  wvsatm  who  ent^^r  the 
City  daily,  on  foot  nim  in  enmages,  is  little 
less  than  four  Imndred  thousand  jwrnoim  ! 
two*t!iii\JH  more  than  the  entire  p<:»[rulu- 
tion  of  Edudmrgh  ;  and  four  times  great^ir 
than  the  nuudwr  of  li^^^es  who  own  the 
sway  of  the  Grand  Duke  of  Mecklcnbiirgh 
Sirelitz  ! 

With  thcae  facta  l>efore  you  and  the  moving 
masse?  below  yon,  da  you  not  tremble  when 
told  tlvat  from  May  neirt,  ensuing  to  Sef>- 
teniber,  the  narrow  mnrUs  of  the  sw/».rniin« 
thorouglifMres  will  lie  throttlod  with  one- 
fh,ir<il  more  pa*t«i«nj^'er«  !  —  nut  mere  popula- 
tion, inclndin^':  the  infantine,  ngerl,  aorl  ilia- 
abkd  ;  but  sturdy,  trudpiug,  nntirincf  sight- 
seeing jiedestriaus — ro;^odar  beateiH  of  jvive- 
ments  and  throupei's  of  uliop  fronts.  You 
htix  the  e<<tn]»o!is  on  yo»ir  elevate*!  baleony, 
and  see  little  or  no  preparation  tor  this 
Invitetl  inviwion.  The  new  ( Vmnoti  Street 
opening  will  hai-dly  draw  oil"  thucIj  tnilfic 
fi-om  t!heap5«ide  ;  for^  although  the  street 
may  bo  rr.'(,dy  \\\  time,  it«  atti-actionn  will 
not'  have  been  put  foilh.  Tl^ieru  will  V>e  no 
Bhop? — it  ha*  uo  public  buildings — nothing 
but  liondon-stonc  to  divprt  oiar  Wsitors  from 
the  highw^oy  U)  the  Miiiaion  Housy,  the 
Bank,  the  Ko)^al  ExelianRe.  CJoy  and  Ma^og, 
and  the  New  Post  Offi<e.  Tlien,  north- 
westwunl  the  new  Farri?  i,^'lon  Street  open- 
ing, which  is  to  Iciid,  s  »iim*  day  or  other, 
to  Clerkenwell,  can  seur-tcly  bo  miule  woithy 
of  foreign  or  provincifli  |)atronage  in  time; 
despite  Sharpjs  Alley  on  the  one  tude, 
ami  Field  Lane  on  tfie  otiier;  It  follows, 
therefore,  that  fram  v'/iatover  quarter  visiton* 
may  arrive,  in  ord'tr  to  get  at  the  great 
centres  of  City  aUraction  they  nmst  jjass 
Bow  CliurcK. 

Come  dowi3,  tlv^n,  O,  half-froKen  »t,rangerl 
from  your  gti>Jty  place  of  conteTii]tlation.  and 
battle  with  me  \o  the  Old  Jewry,  that  we 
may  look  in  at  the  City  Police  Ofliee,  and 
examine  it«  r'.tunis  on  the  matter  a  little 
more  ch.sely.  We  will  w;lAtice  over  a  "  Keport 
of  the  NuiuWjr  of  Vehicles  wlii<»h  }ia9se<l  Bow 


!  Church,  Cheap#tide,  Wtwefti  the  hours  ot 
six  p.m,  on  Thursday,  the  eighth  dny  of  Au- 
gust, and  six  pm.  on  Frtdav,  tb'  'V 
of  August,  one  thousand  eight  bi  .1 
fifty,  atid  tho  NumlHj«r  of  IVr  h 
the  iwdd  vehielrs.  Also  the  t 
r.'issengera  who  piLssrd  durin  _ 

Here  is  the  hiHtorv  of  a  <  " 

on  fin  autumn  day,    ^Tis^p'  t- 

past  six."  Most  of  the  public  and  nirrchants' 
oflice*  are  cleaird  of  their  eb-rka.  Tho  prin- 
ei pals  are  at  home,  dinhi^  at  the  ^  I, 

or  are  miles  away  at  tloMr  v'dl?i«  k^ 

the  hour  between  six   n  Jiim- 

dred  iind  filly- one  vehi  thou- 

sand three  hm  'V  ua 

riding  in  or  lii  I 

and  forty  fo«.i   |,.r.^i  >,,,..-  v'  'i* 

eaud   three   hundivd    and   si  bav* 

paHJied  Bow  Church.     At  cb  every 

retailer  and  every  ;is.sistAnt   '  '1  h\» 

day's  work,  the  numbors  ha\  'iT  t.-> 

three   hundre-l    and   URy-two   %•  I 

throe  thousand  and  sevenleen  per-  f 

bed-time    tlio     traffic    mibsi'  ^ii     it 

never  ceaAe^.    The  honr  bei  suad 

four  in  the  morning,  is  tha*  t. 

repose;    for  then,   only   tbi.  1 

carriages  and  one  hundred  aiui  m^f-u  ...urM- 
duals  pa.Hg  the  Church. 

Clreulation  increases  gi-adually  fpOW  four 
o*clock  nntil  after  brc.akfiwt  time.  Dnrittjg 
the  liour  which  ends)  on  the  strok-*  «tf  iiio<*, 
the  niind_>ei"S  are — vehicles,  four  b  I 

eleven  ;  f>ersoii«,  three  thoti>c\nd  nil  d 

and  fifty.  The  \msine8a  begins  iu  vAinost; 
the  public  and  merchnuta'  otiice^  or4»  fi»  \m 
filled  by  ten,  hence,  for  that,  the  '•  •:' 

nearly  floul>Ied.   «tan<ling  thus  :  -  ■', 

nine  hundred  and  twenty^nine  ; 
eight  thousand  and  siev«Mity-tive.  Tl «  '  - 

ing  j)oint  of  tnifRc  is  renciifd  ra  no  i  r 

previous  to  which  one  fhnus'iinl  ■.'■ 
two  vehicles,  and  nine   (bMii<!iinl 
dred  .and   fiftv-five  per  It 

Cheapside.    T^hen   a  aul  . ,. 

until  between  three  aufl  five  ju  the  aliiriiu>ijiL 
During  the  last  of  those  hour><  Tiytwitrdv  r.f  a 
thousand  carriages  and  eight  tho"  ^l^ 

lumdi-erl  and  eighty  individuids  nv  ^ 

once  more  towards  their  houses,  tiicir  \iii.ja» 
or  their  kvlgings. 

What,  then,  will  be  the  coinV '  -  '' '  •''!>. 
aide,  about  twelve  o'clock,  on  i  f 

August,  one  thouajuid  eight  hi- /- 

cfie?  Tlie  lowest  cHtimate  we  have  seen — 
(we  do  not  pledge  oui'selvea  to  put  .mr  trust 
in  it) — computes  that  there  •  * 

million  of  people  in  the  M'  j; 

the  most  part  of  the  time  i 

Exhibition  remains  open,     Tl 
ment  the  passengers  through 
to  fft*en  thifumrul ;  and,  tv<  i  ^ 

will  have  to  t»e  fed  with  ff  » 

place  to  place  on  wheela,  the 

eles  will  l)e  increased  in  nttm , i^* 

of  fifteen  hundred  ?     What,  they  will  do  when 


I 

! 

I 


OlMrlM  Uieknw.} 


THE  ACE  OF  SPADES. 


477 


they  try  to  piwh  through  the  Poultry,  tLe 
L<>r«i  Mayor  only  knows  ! 

L*pon  this,  anotlier  consideration  euper- 
veui'S :  —  if  tliere  will  be  a  deficiency  of 
walkiuj/  iiiid  riding  room  for  tbe  welcome  in- 
vaders, how  are  thev  to  be  housed  I 

Although  a  ffreat  preasuve  of  businesii  is 
being  forced  uj^oo  house  a£retit«,  by  persons 
living  in  more  affluent  neigliliourhoods,  ^nlio 
hope  to  maJce  harvents  of  prolit  from  the 
influx  of  strangers  ;  yet,  such  strangers  m 
can  ftffurd  go<Ki  accommodation  and  high 
Tiitit^,  will,  we  apprehend,  form  but  a  snuJl 
njiuority.  The  bulk  of  visitora  will  be  of 
the  artisan  and  humbler  classes ;  yet,  lor 
Buoh  pcr9t>aa,  had  any  temfwrary  accommoda- 
tion been  planneil,  upon  a  d:)mprehensive 
6cale  1  Lond^mers  in  their  owii  rank  are  not 
so  ciroumatance<l  aa  to  be  able  to  turn  out  of 
Uieir  houses  to  oblige,  even  to  their  own 
profit,  the  coming  atrangera.  Tenta  are  not 
l''^'*''''ly  adapted  for  an  English  climate; 
\<  of  tlie  class  we  advert  to  will  be 
a  -  .j  I'd  t«*  r»iuain  long  at  the  multitu- 
dinous Uoiji  >  ,  >ii::^htly-conijtructed  build- 
ings would  ^iitii  ..  These  ovight  to  be  act 
alioiit  witliout  ioua  of  time. 


THE  ACE  OF  SPADES. 

HosEST  John  Sillett  aolvrs,  by  the  most 
satisfactory  of  all  teata — that  of  fiiict  and  [>er- 
i^      '  rienee — «>ne  of  the  most  momentous 

]  <i{    social    economy.      He   d+»mou- 

t-.w.. a  spade  husbandry  ia  not  v»nly  the 

most  productive,  but  the  moat  profiiaJUe  sys- 
tem  of  aBriculture,  His  theoiy  ia,  that  small 
fanns  will  not  only  mam  tain  large  families  in 
comfort  and  indepeiideoce,  but  leave  a  much 
larger  pro|K>rtiouate  margin  thaii  the  most 
Aiiproved  system  of  *•  high  farming  under 
HtM!ml  fctvenants ,"  on  a  great  food  manufac- 
tory ;  that  m  this  country,  at  the  present,  and 
gVBU  lower  prices^  the  tiller  of  the  soil  may 
''earn  a  goou  living,"  and  that  the  establiiih- 
ment  ana  extension  of  peasant  propnetories 
could  not  fail  to  promote  the  virtuous  in- 
dustiy  and  happiness  of  the  peoplen,  and,  con- 
seiiueutly,  the  greatness  ana  good  order  of 
the  State. 

John  Sillett 'a  history  is  that  of  the  pursuit 
of  digging  under  dilHcukiea.  He  ended  in  the 
calling  which  Adam  begau^  but  by  no  means 
in  a  Paradise. 

"  I  8ervc«l  my  apprenticeship,"  quoth  John, 
**  to  0  grocer  and  tlmper,  and  at  tbe  expiration 
f,\'  n,xr  j.,.^^  J  ^vcnt  to  London.  I  lived  in 
*I  iituationu  as  a  lincQHlrajx^r,  and  a 

i^M  at  Birmingliamf  in  the  same  trade. 

I  alUrwanls  returned  into  the  country,  and 
Went  into  businefls  aa  a  general  shopkeeper,  in 
a  villag*!  called  the  *  Garden  of  Sutfolk ;  *  but 
it  proved  a  very  unproductive  gai-den  to  roe, 
for  afi.i?r  a  six  yeare  struggle,  J  waa  pLiced  on 
the  wrong  side  of  foi-tune."  He  retumc-d  to 
L«>ndon,  carried  on  the  buBtness  of  baber- 
dasheiy'j  Ac^  watt  cotnpelled  by  bad  health  to 


restore  the  eoimtry-bre<l  lungs  of  hi*  family 
to  Suffolk  once  niof"  "th^  Hi.  i,-  in  tho  old 
line,  to  keep  still  on  t  iad  iuok— 

Jack  of  all  tmdos,  1  -of  none — 

altliough  the  pi'ofitlesii  sUvve  oi  ezich. 

Like  the  highly-rea|>ectable  father  of  Young 
Xorvttl, 

"  Hia  coiMtant  care  was  to  increMa  hia  etorc," 

but  he  eouldu^t  manage  it ;  and  so  he  longed, 
like  Norval  junior,  to  "follow  to  the  fQii^^ 
not  some  warlike  lord — but  a  plough. 

"  Having  a  natural  taste  for  a  nind  life,  and 
rezwHug  work*  on  Husbandn,"  he  continues, 
"  I  was  always  anxious  to  eatdi  hold  of  any 
books  or  articles  in  the  newspaper*  on  the 
subject.  The  first  thing  that  particularly 
struck  my  attention  was  an  article  in  a  news- 
paper, headed,  *How  to  keep  a  Cow  and  a 
Pig  upon  an  Acre  of  Land.'  Delighted  with 
this  account,  I  purchased,  on  the  demise  of 
my  mother,  two  acres  of  land  sold  under  my 
father  8  will.  I  gave  one  hundred  an<l  eighteen 
pound.s  ^>er  acre  (two  hundiTd  and  thirty-six 
pounds),  bcisidefi  the  expenses  incurred  ufjon  the 
purchase.  This  sjime  i»iece  of  land  my  father 
purchased,  thirty  yeai-s  before,  for  one  huudretl 
and  thirty  poimds.  Our  present  agiicultural 
distress  exliibits,  therefore,  itaelf  in  doubling 
tlie  price  of  land.  This  land  is  freehold, 
tithe-free,  and  land-tax  redeemed,  and,  con- 
sequently, entitles  me  to  a  vote  for  the 
ctjunty.  i  was  afterwards  offered  fi»ur  hun- 
dre<i  and  eighty  pomuU  jicr  acre  for  ray  pur* 
chase ;  but  by  ana  bye  I  proved  that  I  could 
turn  it  to  hotter  account  by  keeping  it,  and 
tilUijg  it.'* 

The  "article  in  the  newsjiapt^r"  was  soon 
"  toppe<l  **  by  John*s  cabbage  Mentor,  Williitm 
Cobbett,  whii  in  his  "Cottage  Economy/* 
showed  him  "how  to  keep  a  cow  off  a  quartef 
of  an  acre  of  hind,**  His  fireehold  has  a 
northern  exp«>sare.  It  harl  no  building  ou 
it.  He  had  to  l)ecorae  hia  own  architect, 
brickluver,  nnd  builder.  He  "  could  not  afford 
brick  buildings/'  so  he  "elected  them  on  a 
wooden  frame,  rind  covered!  them  in  with  pan- 
tiles, and  enclosed  them  with  walls  of  clay  ;" 
which  he  **collecte<l  from  hia  ditch,  and 
hedge  ditch.*'  In  this  way  he  raiswl  a  good 
cow-house,  two  piggeries,  a  shed  for  keeping 
roots,  a  brick  laid  drain  and  tank,  and  keeps 
"  adding  aa  he  requires  "  buildings,  of  which, 
even  for  two  acroa,  he  finds  himself  still  de- 
ficient. It  is  with  excusjible  jiride,  that  h« 
says,  **  This  I  did  with  my  own  luuids  at  leisure 
times." 

How  he  wnit  called  "  imtd  "  for  breaking  up 
hia  pasture  ;  bow  he  keeps  cows,  and  fattemt 
and  rearn  calves ;  liow  he  manages  his 
"  dairy  , "  and  how  he  produced  four  crops 
fix>m  the  same  piece  of  ground  within  the 
Tear ;  he  discourses  witli  the  authority  derived 
from  actual  exj>eriment, 

"  I  luwl  not  long  begim  my  labours,"  he  coa 
tinues,  "  before  I  was  beset  by  m v  neighbours* 
They  were  quite  sure  1  did  not  know  what  1 


478 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


wfUB  about ;  and  thftt  I  should  soon  get  tircMi 
of  it.  I  am  pro  111)  ti>  say  that  by  adher- 
ing to  the  principlea  of  tenipenmcc,  fni- 
gality,  aud  ludo^^ 


yoam  han  eiml 
family,    in    a 
m&Miier."     Ami 


t  liiive  for  tho  ^ -t 

l>ort  myp< 


haI  upon  two  ftciL-**  oi'  laml, 
etitirc«Jv  mauaged  by  hui  own  head,  and  culti- 
vaied  by  his  uwu  baudft, 

His  faiuUy  have  as  many  potatoes  as 
they  can  eai  They  annually  uph  up  8lx- 
tet*n  busheUi  of  wheat.  This  he  ex|daiiia 
u  coiisnnit'd  in  brown  bread,  in  hw  family, 
iimtnad  uf  whilt' — that  im  wliole  meal  bread, 
ju«t  ax  tlie  wheat  ia  ground,  without  th« 
oi>jir»o  bran  beiug  taken  out.  **  I  <1<«  not 
practidc  this  from  necessity,  but  from  choice. 
lwbn;Cf  convinced  that  it  i«  more  Ijeneficial 
to  my  health,  and  more  wholesome  than 
tb**  Itjiesit  floiu'."  By  this  expedient,  he  adds 
Bixteen  stone  of  meat  to  tlie  whole  quantity 
^  "  linted  in  their  cousiimp- 
l)le$.aud  milk,  his  faiuily 
■  i--  r.  of  their  two 
I  a  portion  of 
u. th*j  houae,  and 

"  ■  Ik  bvma  sufficiently 

J  *atriarch. "  the 

]  upon   all  the 

nuci.o»ivriiia  wt"  liie — uiuiiiiiiictured,  as  it  were, 

l»y  my  own  handu — pure,  fresh,  and  free  from 

'  m.    I  am  proud  to  Bay,  that  I  am 

nn  uf  Oil  abundance  of  all  the  good 

L VI Jig  iiiiit  any  rational  man  ought  to  wish 

for.' 

By  this  mode  of  life  our  Suflblk  sage 
eacapea  all  indirect  taxee — and  to  show  bow 
mucu  he  thus  saves^  he  ouotea  the  weekly  ex- 
penditure of  William  Blaidand,  a  working 
man  of  Birmingham,  who,  out  of  an  outlay  of 
seven  Bhillinga  and  seven-pence  halfpenny, 
hands  over  to  the  Government  no  leas  a  pro- 
portion than  five  shillings  and  three-pence. 
**  t  was,"  continues  Jolm,  *'  eo  astounactl  at 
this    '  i ,  that  I  thought  if  I  couM  see 

the  (  I  should  be  enabled  to  pro- 

duce ui,  ,„..  i.rijd,  and l>e  content  with  Adam'a 
ale,  wliat  a  conaidei-able  «um  I  ^ould  be 
savinc  in  taxes,  in  the  course  of  a  year.  I 
have  lived  to  accompUjili  my  purpose,  to  the 
fUll  extent  I  can  desire." 

But  now  for  the  two  acre  budget — ^tbe  most 
Bornnsing  port  iculai*9  of  ways  and  means  that, 
probably,  ever  Chancellor  of  Exchequer  ex- 
hibited. 

•*  The  following  is  a  correct  statement  of  the 

E reduce  h*A(\  after  the  family's  corisuraption, 
eepiugtwa  cuwa,  fattening  one  calf  and  rearing 
one,  anil  fattening  two  pigs,  bewdes  reaer\-ing 
soed  for  next  year*«  n,...T.,.;nnr.  The  calf  I 
fatted  weighed  nine  art  eon  ptiuntia 

to  tliCKtone,  at  seven  Nl,  whi«;h  I  had 

killed  in  the  house,  and  sold  it  5miony:8t  my 
friends  and  neighboui-s  ;  the  pri»^e  1  made  of 
it  wjifl  seven-pence  per  lb.,  or  eight  and  two- 
pence per  Ktone  of  14  lbs. 


totn.  vttonocrs  ot  tsx  yxau  1847. 

Oti''   .         i  (  inoy  at 

84. 2ci.  |ur  «u>uc  t»r  14  iiK  .  cai  It  f 

Aklii,  iMttd,  (bet,  te.  ,    .    o  is    0 

Un0  VMurold  liatAtr 

Oiw  fWt  p\e  of  a  «lntM  »t  Sa.  psr  Hlono 


It  i 


hmyfffinvf 


MlM-tlH,   Vl'g*.'t»M« 


«  a 

5  II 

^  0 
.1  Q 
14  II 
O  II 

6  15 


l>0(1iict  wmt  ttir 
nn  jHtrcliMM 

ft«fll  of  UtXltO 


at  At*  pwr  eenU 
(lacvlodins  (»• 

,  «  .  Clf  10  0 
.  8  P  « 
.      8  tt    tl 


Net  profit  ftfT  the  r»iir  . 


£7i    3  10 


as  I  0 

£«    I  10 


This  statement  is  an  tjud^r    raOirr  tUjui 
over  estimate  of  the  actual  \U  of 

this  ex|>erim«nt.     In  ract,  it  i  count 

of  what  John's  ten  tingew  and  two  acn^  «»f 
land  produce,  but  of  what  is  left  over  after 
feeding,  housing,  and  taxing  the  fiimily.  The 
rent  in  extravagant  in  tlie  extreme.  Tlui  Ikoat 
binil   in   EngUuid    may  l»e  rental  ^    ?y 

shillings  i>er  acre,  so  that  there  i* 

overcharge   of  eight    j»onnjl>     " 
The  rent  of  the  house  is  no 
land.    Tiie  consumption  of  1 1  \ 

of  course,  be  added  to  the  ci 
account;  and  therefore  the  rr  ,  « 

stands  thus ; — 


As  Ixtan  rtatad 

OiM  fat  t)%  Aotutmi44  by  fkmllj 
Tvo  quutorv  of  wboat  at  4&«.  Dcr  ouartiar    . 
PoUtfiot,  butter,  taillL,  TdgetaliW  ibt^  My 
Manure  of  ttro  oorj,  two  plfs,  and  two  eafvw ; 
credit  baljitf  Ukjio  ^r  ausw,  b»f,  or  ted  . 


£74  3  10 

9  4    0 

I  10    0 

10  0    0 

0  0    0 

in  T 10 

a  0  0 


D«d«M  rMit.41.,  Tim*  U.  &>. 

Xel  profit  ol  tlu  year  of  tvv  Mtn       .    .  SB^  H  10 

Here  is  the  proof  of  tho  "might  that 's  In  a 
peasant's  arm ; "  not  that  all  jiea^intA  are 
John  Silletts*  Since  the  age  ot  t'  r  -  -i- 
tetrcis,  the  world  has  seldom  pnxb  i^ 

practical    phUoaopher,      Indeed, lit' 

Greek  sages  but  talked,  the  Englisli  Wise 
Man  has  acted  all  his  own  jireeepts,  and 
proved  them  to  be  such  as  man  am  livp  by. 
He  has  solved  the  vexed  problem  "f  the 
economies  of  small  farms,  and  spade  hu»- 
bandry.  He  shows  that  the  pyMi^m  is  not 
only  the  most  productive  in  1 

but  also  in  the  real  profit,      - 
farmers,  and    extensive   pro|':  |ronwi 

that  they  camiot  afford  to  inm  ii  present 
prices,  even  if  they  got  the  In  f  . things 

here    is  a  man,  hi?d  a  hal  jd  so 

ignorant  of  agriculture,  that,  m ~  ^  sorted 

to  it  in  despair,  late  in  tif<^  hi!  teil«  the 
reader  that  *'  he  never  saw  a  sow  have  a 
litter,  till  he  had  his  own,'*  who  can  afford  a 
fair  rent,  pay  all  taxes,  and  have  a  return  of 
forty  guineas  per  aero  for  bis  labour. 


W^EB-BTDDLECUMB  EDUCATION. 


47$ 


» 


THE  FOREST  TElilPLE. 
Why  hivUv  num  nuaed  to  ihiw  his   orumbliug 

tttSiplGSl 

^VTlicb  pass  away  like  drlftuig  douds  above  ! 
Wlieu  ilijr  pure  worship  were  in  bright  ezftmplcs 
Of  holy  Charity,  gw«efc  Peace,  and  Love  ! 

For  there  ia,  deep  wittiin  th^  heart's  recesses, 
DeTotioo,  thy  .l"  '  unm^ 

HJubrcotliod,  0  0  orruice  bleeees 

Before  the  pom^.  ^.  .   i^,.^»c..^J  ahrin^  f 

Will  tapem  temples^  piiests  in  robes  that  gliBteti 
With  J c welled  eplendour — pogeimtiy'B  ftrray» 

Iticline  tlujie  ear,  O  God,  the  more  to  Usteti, 
Th&u  iQ  the  simplest  pmyer  witbout  display  I 

Let  Jian  j^  forth  to  the  t>nme^'aI  forests, 
TLt  J  1 1  eolituaos,  their  leafy  aiales, 

And  1  <  oi  thy  fofttheretl  choirists, 

Thc'ii  jjMvuiiii  hymn,  in  which  no  art  begiiflea  ! 

YiitaB,  adorned  with  gorgeous  fringe  and  taaael 
Of  glowing  blossom — graoefid,  pendant  flower. 

Where  tmfini  thought  becomee  a  wilting  vassal. 
And  owns  the  wondrous  glory  of  thy  power  I 

Their  floora,  encruBted  with  brocaded  splendour 
Of  golden,  silver,  arure,  purple  bloom, 

Their  velvet  verdure  to  the  knee  more  tender 
Thun  all  the  cuahionod  ponnp  of  conning  loom  : 

Id.  Uioir  gi^eca  ghtdes  is  many  a  "  niche,''  whose 
beauty 

Nor  saint  odoruB  in  quaintly-corven  atone, 
Where,  mny  be  paid — vntjpokan — all  the  duty 

The  contrite  apirit  feeli^  nnaeen,  iinknowu  t 

There*  are  meet  ahiinea  amid  their  pomp  cathednl. 
And  rich  moeftioB  when*  the  reverent  knee 

UMy  bend,  O  Qod*  iu  faithful  fervor  federal, 
la  hoxoage  pure,  with  pt<ietnte  heart  to  thee ! 

Ill  the  atill  night,  amid  thy  giant  altam. 

Thy  evorla^ing  hills — all  silent — where, 
Tnrabling  on  the  hp,  weak  language  falters,— 

fiodigunoe  iawondup — overy thought  a  prayer! 

The  stars  thnt  teeselate  the  vault  of  heaven. 
Their  chastened  glory  on  thoae  idtoze  pour, 

Iddbting  the  aoul  from  paths  of  earthly  leaven, 
YO  thoM  bnght  ahrmw  where  angel  eyee  adore  I 

Bright,  everlasting  lamps,  celestial  tapers^ 

TwiidiUng  and  beaming  from  the  dome  of  night. 

Till  upward  roll  the  silver^londed  vapours 
To  curtain.  Lord,  thy  realms  of  living  light 

Go  their  white  wings  they  beiir,  to  thee  aacemding, 
The  gmteful  inceufte  uf  earth  a  fiiireat  bowera^ 

The  heart's  |>ure  orisons — in  ailenoc — ^blending 
The  monung  breath  of  ihj  sweet  eenaerflow«rs. 


PLEE-BrDDLECTJMB  EDUCATION. 

Ok  looking  at  the  History  of  the  County 
of  Scrubshire,  bv  Squancy  (who  has  devotetl 
twenty  pagee  out  of  ninety-four,  to  the 
EMjiianeya  of  Blutter),  vou  find  honourable 
meniion  of  the  little  village  of  Pleb-Biddle- 
cuinb.  The  j>eople  down  here,  call  it  more 
roniAntic&Ujr  &  <<  hunlet :"  fund  I  sm  bomid  to 


aay  that  it  has  '*  rude  forefatlier*  "  enoup-h  to 
pkfiae  OraVi  or  any  of  Gray's  adjnirer*  They 
rather  priue  theniBelves  cm  their 
Tliey  have  no  lump  on  the  green,  :*  ^ 

n  fine  homely  rusticity  in  the  extciii  i-  wnica 
yon  timible  over  the  pij^  nt  niijht.  which 
ia  highly  rural.  The  railway  which  thrends 
the  county  a  few  mtles  off  (the  trains  look 
just  like  volleys  of  musketry  in  the  dis- 
tance), ha^  no  station  at  all  accommodating 
Plel»-Biddlecumb.  The  county  town  is  only 
acoeaaible  by  very  narrow  lanes,  which  it 
is  awkward  to  nave  to  pans,  in  election 
time. 

Elections  are  managed  rety  aimply  (like 
r'  7iL(  else)  at  that  county  town.  The 
\>ulation  are  drunk  for  three  days, 
Ui. ,  ...  .iio  geutleman  of  fortune  is  declared 
duly  returned  nt  the  expiration  of  that 
period.  This  gave  rise,  once,  to  a  fine  piece 
of  htunour.  The  Honourable  Mr.  Banneret| 
having  npent  about  twenty  thousand  pounds 
in  contesting  a  county  against  a  peer,  aud 
beiujz  deteimiDed  to  be  more  economical  for 
the  hi^.uJ^e,  caaie  ilown  and  bought  our  county 
ictym,  out  of  hand,  for  a  fourth  of  the  raaney". 
On  the  hustings,  when  returning  thanks,  tlut 
gentleman  (who  is  w^hat  la  called  "eccentric^**) 
said  : 

**  Gentlemen,  you  are  the  most  disinteroated 
nod  independent  body  of  electors  iu  the 
empire  ;  for  you  '11  vote  for  any  man  who 
giv^  you  five  pounds  more  than  his  rlvaL" 
llie  people  applauded  the  new  member  vocife* 
rously,  and  drank  his  health  (at  his  expense) 
with  much  cordiality. 

Pleb-Biddlecumb  social,  tallies  exactly  with 
F1el>-Biddiecujnb  topographical.  It  lets  im^ 
provement  pass  by  itp— just  as  it  lets  the  traia 
pass ;  it  sees,  in  fact^  smoke,  where  other  people 
see  progress.  The  Sunday  attenibmcc  in  the 
Uttle  old  flinty-towered  church,  averages  four- 
teen, besides  certain  ohl  alm^^i^eonle  of  thd 
neigh bonrinf  almahouse  ( built  by  Mr,  Pnggby 
of  Priggby  Park,  as  you  can  read  on  the  oiub> 
side  of  it,  half  *  mile  off),  whose  atipeod 
depends  on  the  rather  hjurd  condition  of  their 
never  missing  a  tingle  service.  The  curate 
has  preached,  for  the  last  year  or  two,  aome 
sermons  bearing  on  the  controversy  between 
Horsley  and  Priestley,  which  took  plaoe  in  the 
time  of  his  grandlatber,  the  dean,  and  which 
were  left  as  an  heirloom  for  the  use  of  that 
learned  man's  family.  Some  time  ago,  it  wsa 
resolved  to  have  an  organ ;  but,  although 
thre«  men  can  bring  an  oi^gaii  (of  our  siae) 
to  the  church,  ten  can*t  make  it  play!  It 
was  set  up,  but  couldn't  be  set  going.  The 
handle  (it  being  of  the  tiarrel  description) 
turns  briskly  enough  ;  the  sound,  however, 
is  a  distracted  hubbub,  and  tbittdjUl.  And 
I  live  in  daily  dread  of  being  called  on  for  a 
subscription  to  keep  it  in  repair. 

With  public  buamess  w*'  .l-.  t-.f  much  con- 
cern ourselves  in  Pleb-  b.  Occ«r 
sionaUy,  we  send  up  a  p"  ued  b^  six, 
for  a  duty  on  grain  ;  and  several  old  ladiss  in 


430 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


I 

I 


i 


the  neighbourhood  have  got  up  one  for  tho 
removal  of  UuVk-hw'  Cjirjir<.'S  from  tlio  Nulional 
Gallery.  Thtni^H  how  in  the  uaiue  of  (^<x>d- 
ueajs  theae  Grat^ea  «Wi  iiijui*e  the  jyiid  uKi 
Iftilios  (whom  they  nowiae  reaemhle)  I^Plcl)- 
Bkldleciimbinji  as  1  am — huve  not  yet  \teen 
able  to  inakv  '»iit ! 

in  this  sort  of  way,  Pleb-UidtUecunib  hiis 
Wen  JrifTgiii^  v»u  ever  since  the  Kelbrruatioii, 
But,  1  deai'ly  ]»erceive  n  change  to  be  at  hand. 
Tlie  demon  of  intelligence  ia  among  us.  Not 
that  we  have  much  io/mr  from  liini,  howtjver, 
^-tts  you  will  agree  when  I  describe  our 
"Mutual  Iniprovemeut "  Society. 

Ki>me  time  ago,  the  neighbouring  villngc  of 
South  Sluiiuns  got  a  Nortli  of  England  curatfl 
in  luuong  thetn.  Thia  gentleman  arrived, 
umied  with  a  galvanic  battery,  an  air  putnp, 
microseoiiejii,  and  other  inatruiueiils  ot  war. 
At  lirst,  he  kept  hiniHeif  perfectly  quift.  But 
be  aoon  began  to  break  onl— "shnwing  hideouH 
chemical  preiwirntiona  to  the  tarmers,  which 
hw  reeonuuended  ns  manure* — -with  whieli  | 
none  of  them  would  have  anything  to  di». ; 
Then,  he  delivei-ed  a  leetui'e,  at  the  eclioot- 
room,  on  the  "circulation  of  the  blood,"  This 
threw  the  whole  parish  into  a  atate  of  excite* 
incnt,  for  noKnly  knew  that  hia  blood  did 
imything  in  the  ciixnilating  way,  before.  One 
farmer  wanted  to  know  what  his  blood  was 
to  him  1  But  the  intrejnd  curate  persisted. 
Week  niler  week,  he  perclied  himsell  before  a 
large  board,  anneal  with  a  piec«  of  chalk, 
whereon  he  descritied  the  interior  arranjfe- 
menU  of  the  entire  parish  (as  a  cottager  re- 
marked to  me  with  a  look  of  admiratiun),  and 
demouMti-atcd  everything  he  chf»8e.  To  eay, 
when  he  was  disserting  on  the  heart,  that  lie 
made  a  joke,  applicable  to  hii»  female  audience, 
thereon,  is  but  to  say  that  he  waa  human. 

This  went  on.  The  North  of  England 
C^irat*!  became  a  greiiter  and  greater  man.  A 
certaiii  air  of  importance  mai'ked  the  sava)U. 
Occitflionaliy,  he  gave  dim  hints  thuL  the  mvK- 
t^jries  of  nature  were  not  quite  in»c»lul>le.  IV*o ; 
!S<^^>uth  Slummft  might  yet  aee.  H<»re,  he  would 
fjJl  into  a  tit  of  musUig  before  the  wondering 
ruFitiue  ;  and  thin,  awaknig  suddenly,  "  ex- 
haust *'  a  fiYig,  with  severe  determination,  and 
look  roun«l,  as  much  aa  to  ftay,  "  what  do  you 
think  of  that !  " 

At  last,  we  in  Plelv-Biddlfcuml*,  in  emula- 
tion of  the  progreaa  of  Hontli  Sliiinma  (which 
we  dett'st  in  our  hearts),  and  in  fultilmcnt  <if 
n  magniticent  reaolve  to  Ijeat  South  yiumnia 
out  of  the  field  at  one  blow,  and  without  any 
preparation  of  ountelves,  formed  a  *' Mutual 
Improvement  Society."  Tlie  rustics  were  to 
aBsemble  in  the  8choolro<mi,  every  Tharnday 
evening,  to  ''converse."  Our  Curate;  Mr. 
Hobby,  a  retired  doctor  ;  and  S<|uire  Suubb 
took  their  ficats.  The  viilagerH  &;Lt  round 
:m  benches,  and  everyUidy  began  to  improve 
himaelf,  mutuidly,  out  of  band.  7  waa  there, 
as  a  spectator.  J  am  a  mure,  quiet,  old  read- 
i&g-iuao,  who  |>asB  among  the  iieighbours  aa 
9b  iUurmleBB  "  natural.^' 


Fancy  the  benches  crowded  with  the 
farmern,  anil  fancy  the  graceful  air  of  coitde* 
sceiision  majesjticiiily  blowing  I'ound  the 
curate  uml  hid  friemies,  while  tho  outbidet:* 
h)ok  awfully  on, 

Cartttf  Pray,  Mr.  Suubb,  have  you^  of  hit*, 
jKiid  much  intention  to  the  phenomena  of  tho 
n^aluity  which  haj»  aifecteu  our  [iotatoe«  I 
{Ripcticfi,  nnfUrjtUmdu^  the  ieord  ** />^^I/^Jl,** 
prict  up  their  ears,) 

Sjmre  SfiM.  Some  altentioi:i,  air 

Curait.  Atmospheric  in  origin  ;   or  a  h  _ 
Miinous  decarJence  from  unavuiuAble  caii8«« 

ijtfuire  {hi/rti^i/  /uuj/  its  to  daute  loft),    Al 
moBpheric,  I  think. 

VurtUe  (fa  Bes|>ectal>le  Farmer).  What  vj 
yon.  sir  % 

RfiptclnUt  Farmer  (crry  ml  fih*"f  i^"-  '"**>. 
I  agi'te  with   the    Squire,  sir.     (/  A 

ftt   each    other — nud*    lUtMic*   Ura>-  * 

Doctor  Ilobbi/.  I  remember,  when  I  M'ft«5 
in  pmctiee,  the  ciise  of  a  patient  of  mine  Iwinii 
serion.sly  injured  by  eating  potatoeau  {Itu^tu* 
fri(fht€md.) 

Curate,  Siiice  the  diaeasc,  of  courac  ? 

Doctor,  Why,  no — 

Omik^  (nttt  letin/j  *U  oU  what  Ku  rmmrk  Aa» 
to  do  with  tht  Muhjeet).  Exactly  sio  ! 

CunUe  {looking  f>eti^roicHtly  ronmi},  AVe 
should  all  study  thuae  objects  which  havo 
rmti-i^eptic  cmaiities.  {Doctor  nod-i  JrnotciHgly, 
FrniitU  ruMiCy  who  ijt  (imtdf  tuts  her  /»o<?^«i- 
handkerchief  tar}fdi^)i 

And  so  the  company  go  on  to  improve 
themselves,   and  the  poor  count  r.  •>? 

very  puzzled  and  sleepy,  and  tliin  .  *\ 

and  Ids  frien<ls  haw  a  "  mortal  lot  ki  luMiug 
— the^'    have.*'      There    is    Momething    very 

touchmg  to  a  .speculativr'  ' >•         ■ '  -  w 

very  anxious  our  laUjui  t 

knowledge^  and  what  a ...     ._ve 

for  those  who  seem  to  ]x;8^!.e!is  it.  iiut>  dowti 
In  Pleb-Iliddlecumb,  yur  tenjchers  (unlike  the 
North  of  England  Cunite,  who  luia  studied 
the  science  of  teaching)  sei've  them  aa  they  do 
thefroga  they  illuatrate  by — pump  the  natumJ 
air  out  of  their  life,  to  show  the  ingenuity  of 
their  apparatus — and  leave  them  to  ga^ji  at 
leisure  ! 

1  thiuk  (if  ever  I  overcome  my  natural 
V>a3hfu!ueas)  I  ahall  get  U()  a  |>etition  to  tht^ 
Directora  of  tho  Gr^at  Boreaa  lloilway,  for  n. 
station  nejir  us.  I  wish  somebiwly  wuuld  only 
pex-suade  our  neighbouring  peer  to  pull  down 
Ilia  gimiekeeper's  lodge  in  those  quartersj  aud 
"'"  *  '  "preserving'  hi«  tenauti^. 


tak«  to 


Xav)  r<fadft  {itiA  A  eopioiu  /h^b,)  iHw  Tknx 

The  first  VOLUME  uf  m« 

HOUSEHOLD      NARRATIVE      OP 

CURRENT     EVENTS. 

Ikdng  «  oomploto  Record  ol  tho  ««enU  of  the  \'oxt 

EIGHTEEN  UUNDKfiD  AND  F1F1 


tahiUkti  u  (te  0««^  »«, 


Nun.iL,  aua 


k  «.  9>  WAxtl'utJni,  \ 


*^FmmUiar  in  their  Moutfn  m  HOUSEHOLD  TrO/lD5."— ftEnwiAtu 


HOUSEHOLD    WORDS. 

A    WEEKLY    JOURNAL. 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


N<>  47,} 


SATUHDAY.  FEBRUARY  15,  1851. 


[P»tci2<^ 


RED  TAPE. 

Your  public  ftinctionarj'  who  delights  in 
Retl  Tttpe — the  purpose  of  wlioso  existence  ia 
to  tie  up  public  questions,  great  and  smjdl,  in 
an  abundance  of  thin  official  article — to  maJce 
tlie  neatest  possible  parcela  of  them,  ticket 
them,  and  carefiiDy  put  them  away  on  a  top 
shelf  out  of  human  reach — ^is  the  peculiar 
cui-^e  and  nuisance  of  Engbuid.  Iron,  steel, 
sulommit,  can  make  no  such  dragHsbaia  as  Red 
Tape.  An  invasion  of  Red  Ai»t«  in  innumer- 
aV»!e  u]iIlioni<,  would  not  be  half  ho  prejudicial 
to  Oreat  liritain,  ajs  its  intolerable  Red  Tape. 

Your  Red  Tapiat  is  everywhere.  He  is 
nlwav's  at  hand,  with  a  coii  of  Re<i  Tape,  pre- 
pared to  niake  a  small  ofliciid  ptircel  of  the 
Lirgegt  iubject.  In  the  reception  room  of  a 
Government  Office,  he  will  wind  Red  Tap>e 
ro\iud  and  round  the  sternest  deputation  that 
the  country  can  send  to  hlna.  In  either  House 
of  Parliiunent,  he  will  puU  more  Red  Tape 
out  of  his  mouth,  at  a  moment's  notice,  than  a 
coniuror  at  a  Fair.  In  lettera,  memoifiuda, 
and  dispatches,  he  will  spin  himself  into  Red 
Tape,  by  the  thousand  yards.  He  will  bind 
you  up  vast  colonies,  in  Red  Tape,  hke  cold 
roti^t  chickens  at  a  routaupper ;  and  when 
the  most  valuable  of  them  break  it  (a  mere 
auction  of  time),  he  will  be  aiuaz^  to  iind 
that  lliey  were  too  expansive  for  his  favorite 
oomtnodity.  He  wiU  put  a  girdle  of  Red  Tape 
round  the  earth,  in  quicker  time  than  Ariel. 
He  will  measure,  from  Downing  Street  to  the 
North  Pole,  or  the  heart  of  New  Zealand,  or 
the  highest  summit  of  tho  Himalaya  Moun- 
tains, by  inches  of  Red  Tape.  He  will  rig  aU 
the  ships  in  iJae  British  Navy  with  it,  weave 
all  the  colors  in  the  British  Army  from  it, 
completely  equip  and  tit  out  the  othcera  and 
men  uf  both  services  in  it.  He  bound  Nklbon 
and  Wellington  band  and  foot  with  it — 
oruamented  them,  all  over,  with  bunches  of 
it-Hmd  sent  them  forth  to  do  impossibilities. 
He  will  stand  over  the  side  of  the  steam- 
ship of  the  state,  sounding  with  Red  Tape, 
for  imaginary  obsljuslea  ;  and  when  the  office- 
seal  at  tlie  end  of  his  pet  line  touches  a 
floating  weed,  wiU  cry  majestieally,  "Back 
her !  Stop  her  ! "  He  hanga  great  social 
elforts,  in  Red  Tape,  about  the  public  offices, 
to  terrify  like  evil-minded  reformers,  aa  great 
hitjhwaymen  used  to  be  hanged  in  chaioti  on 


Hounslow  Heath.  He  has  but  one  answer  to 
every  demonstration  of  right,  or  en«isition  of 
wron^ ;  ai^d  it  is,  "  My  good  Sir,  this  is  a 
question  of  Taj^^e^" 

He  is  the  moKt  gentlemanly  of  men.  He 
is  mysterious ;  but  not  more  so  than  a  man 
who  is  cognisant  of  so  rnnch  Tape  ought  to 
be.  Butterflies  and  gadflies  who  disport  them- 
selves, unconscious  of  the  MiMiuut  of  Red 
Tape  required  to  keep  Creation  together,  may 
wear  their  he:uts  upon  their  sleeves  ;  but  he 
is  another  sort  of  person.  Not  that  he  ii 
wanting  in  conversation.  By  no  means.  Every 
(juestion  mooted,  he  has  t^  tie  up  accoi>iing  to 
form,  and  put  away.  Cliurch,  state,  territory 
native  and  foreign,  ignorance,  p«j>verty,  crime, 
paniahment,  popes,  cardinals,  Jesuits,  tax^ 
agriculture  and  commerce,  laud  and  sea — ail 
Tape.  "  Nothing  but  Tape,  Sir,  1  assure  you. 
Wul  you  ftUow  me  to  tie  this  subject  up,  with 
a  few  yards,  accoi-ding  to  the  official  form  1 
Thank  you.  Thus,  you  see.  A  knot  here  ; 
the  end  cut  off  there  ;  a  twist  in  this  i>l.a€e  ;  a 
loop  in  that.  Nothiiic  can  be  more  complete, 
Quite  compact,  you  observe.  I  ticket  it^  you 
perceive,  and  ])ut  it  on  the  shelf  It  is  now 
diflposed  of.     What  is  the  next  article  ?  " 

The  quantity  of  Red  Tape  ofl&cially  em- 
ployed in  the  defence  of  such  an  imposition 
(in  more  senses  than  one)  a£  the  Window-Tax  ; 
the  array  of  R&i  Tapiste  and  the  amount  of 
Red  Taping  employed  in  it«  behalf,  within  the 
last  six  or  seven  years;  is  something  8o  lua- 
tounding  in  lUelf,  and  so  illustrative  of  the 
enormous  guimtitics  of  Tape  devnt.e<l  to  the 
public  confusion,  that  we  take  the  liberty,  at 
this  appropriate  time,  of  disentanjt^ling  an 
odd  thousajid  fathoms  or  so,  as  a  fiample  of 
tlie  commodity. 

The  Window-Tax  is  a  tax  of  that  just  and 
equitable  description,  that  it  charges  a  house 
with  twenty  windows  at  the  rate  of  six 
shillings  and  twopence  farthing  a  window; 
and  houses  with  nine  times  aa  many  windowi. 
to  wit  a  hundred  and  eighty,  at  the  rate  oi 
cightpcucc  a  windoWj^  ^e«f.  It  is  a  Ijeautifiil 
feature  in  this  tax  (and  a  mighty  convenient 
one  for  lai-ge  country-houses)  that,  after  pro- 
gressing in  a  gradually  ascending  scale  oi 
charge,  from  eight  winoiows  to  seventy-nine, 
it  then  l>e^ins  to  deecend  a^ain,  and  charges  a 
house  wiUi  five  hundred  windows,  juBt  a 
fiuihiug  a  window  more^  than  a  house  with 


sr^ 


« 


BED   TAPE. 


with  d\ity :  though  they  odmittol  no  ray  of 
U^ht  through  that  uaunllv  opaque  material. 
I  'c'h,  the  Deputation  knew,  from  the 

t  !.t  iteturos,  that,  under  the  same 

A<  t  -  it  1  arliajiieiit,  ii  little  tiiigla^ed  bole  in  a 
wall,  uukIc  for  a  cat  to  creep  through,  and  a 
little  tnip  m  a  cellar  to  ahoot  coaU  down,  had 
heeu  soli/Fnoly  de*'iil«.Mi  to  be  windows.  Thyre* 
f,,,,'  tJMv  u.i,'  «•.  jiiuoh  lelieveti  by  this  per- 
1  y,   that    the    g4X)d    nud 

1  i;  SoL'TOWOoD  Smitu  (who 

was  uue  of  the  deputation)  wua  seen,  by 
Private  John  Towler  of  the  Second  Grena- 
dier Guard.-?,  sentry  on  duty  at  the  Treamirj', 
to  fall  nfM>n  ih*^  linok  of  Mr.  Totkhee  <wfio 
wad  a      '  it  ion)  and  gbed  tears 


titnL  in  1 1 


Carpenters'  Society, 
a  man  of  rule  and  corujKtase&,  whose  orj^iUi  of 
Veneration  ap[jear»  <'"  r.^^iu.^i  <>t  T:.  .1  Tn.  ■» 
to  have  been  imper!' 
And  he,  writing  to  t 

|v>iDtj  cauded  more  Iie<l  Tape  to  be  spun  mlo 
tJii^  piee«  of  information,  ''that   peiibr^ted 
uUtBS  of  zinc  woidd  be  chargeable  if  ao  per- 
foratpul  fw  t-o  ntfopd  lights  but  not  if  so  jis  to 
Bi  ;         '  '"se  of  ventilation  only  !  "     It 

!  u  the  knowledge  of  the  Car- 

priit- 1?  r-oK-ivy  (wkicb  was  a  merely  practical 
body)  how  to  ctniiitruL't  pei-foi'ationa  of  sueh  a 
ru'-iili-.i    'l.iuMe-barreJed  action  as  at  once  to 
1  and   «hut  out   Ugbt^    the   KIght 

]  Reil   Tape,  M,P.,   himself,    wna 

1  for  an  exphination.     This,  he  gave 

i.  'win^  Hkeiu,  which  has  jujjtly  twen 

the  kigheat  specituen  of  the  luanu- 
I  There  kna  been  no  mistake,  as  the 

]  in  stating  that  o|wnin}rs  for 

\  ;ht  be  made  whi»^h  would  not 

1  '      -,  and  I  cannot  think 

J  such  a  statement  t*i 

ii^,^^.       ......      ..._,     ;  .  .  aehimtij    :*       •  i..  .-  I 

opiition  »a  t^j  whether  certain  opei>i 
made  wouJd  or  would  not   b<?  eon  i 
windows,  and  as  such  liable  to  chaise." 

To  crown  all,  with  a  wreath  of  blushing 
Tape  of  the  fii'at  official  quality,  it  miiy  be 
briefly  mentioned,   that  no  existing  Act  f^f 
V    "  '      ;ny  mich   excejtHon. 

t  ice  out  of  Tape*     F 

lovju  aci,  ii»r   iiiv»-i]iool  only,  was  ii/ferfc'    ' 
muted,    exempting    from   the   Wutvlow   Thx 
Circular  T»^T'i>»"'!»":r  ......*-» i,.-..-  ..'.'    .*v......,i,,.,r 

seven  incli 

^  -li  by  a   grating  of  cast-iron,  the 

ii  thereof  not  exceeding  one  qnnrter 

of  an  inch  in  width. 

On©  other  choice  sample  of  the  beat  Ked 
Tape  ]»re8ents  itself  in  the  nefarious  history 
of  the  Wiutlow  Tax.  In  July  of  the  same 
y        T    -  THORP — whose  name  is  ever  to 

1  having,  perhaps,  ]esA  n&socia- 

i,<^»  „»,.>  »,v  .  r.ipe  than  that  of  any  MiniHler 
WlUAiwoever — made  a  short  speech  In  the 
Hoofle  of  Commons,  descriptive  of  an  ennct- 
mettt  he  then  introduced,  tor  allaying  some- 


thing of  the  indi>^atiou  which  thi^  tax  hud 
raised.     It  was,  he  aaid^ "  a  chlu*?,  enabling 
persons  to  open  fresh  windows  in  hounw*  at 
preftent    existing,    without    any    additional 
charge.      Its  only  etfeet  in,   to   prrvent   an 
uiej-ease  of  the  revenue,  in  the  av^e  of  houaefi 
already  existing"     On  i\v  *■   • '■     ''  ''  ■■    •  ■'  ►- 
nienl ,  nuuibei-»  of  houae-i 
winiiowa*     The   inalant   il.. 
the  Govenuuent  othces,  it  wa.- 
very  net  of  Hed  Tape.     Tht-  , 

iji  its  construction  of  it,  substttuioti  ex4«tiii^ 
occupiei«i,  for  existing  houses  ;  into  the  clause 
itselt  were  introduced,  before  it  beeame  I&W) 
won  Its,  continine  this  privilege  to  p«rBo?is 
'*  duly  oaseased  for  the  year  en  1  '  "  '  *, 
1835.""  What  followed/  J. 
the  diflcuvery  lh«t  no  one  ^yuu  cuiv  zi-i- 
nmtage  of  that  clauae,  and  Q{K!ned  new 
windowa,  was  duly  emsessed  in  l^3't — the 
whole  Govemiuetit  Aaaesiment:  matle,  h« 
it  remcQibered,  liy  Government  Aftseaaora  : 
having  been  loosely  and  carelesaly  uinde — and 
all  those  openers  of  new  windown,  u|>ou  the 
faith  of  that  plain  speech  of  a  plain  gentlemau^ 
were  surcliarged  ;  to  the  increase  of  the  re- 
venue, the  (Ushonour  of  the  public  character 
of  the  country,  and  the  very  cnuonisation  of 
Red  Tape. 

For  the  collection  and  clear  statement  ot 
th«»e  fat:M  \t*.  nvh  indebted  to  an  excellent 
pamjildet  ,  at   the   time,   irotii  the 

*' WtSTMi  \IKW."     Tlie  fuel*  :ind  the 

subject  are  worthy  of  one  another. 

O  giveyoiur  public  functionar)'  who  delights 
in  lied  Tape,  a  ^ood  social  improventer»t  to 
deal  with  !  Let  him  e<jme  back  to  hi;*  Tap**- 
wita,  after  beiii  '        .  d  out  of  them*  for  a 

little  while,  by  ««  of  a  Plai^'Ui;  ;  and 

euiuit,  if  V    I  t*  lied  Tape  he 

will   pile  MHt^ — a   General 


in  dismteh  ix>v 
of  Rod  Tapf  t'. 
muKi 

and  I 

'•'  up   JOltl   ■ 

ler,  to  th« 


udcuti*  he  will  make 

lid  hiiinh  ;  the  Luter- 

^  i>f  E,xchet|uens  Woods 

:tt  not,  all  huri^  with  Red 

x'kliteh  lie  will  languidly 

>  ii!  S4i  of  all  whooe  hard 

'    -T-l   I 

I'luy  with^ — give 


marble  arch  to  move — aiui 
he  I     He  will  rijr  you  up  a 


with 
Thtien;  4.re  the 


things  in 
Acts  of  r 


Red  Tape,  and  fiiil  to,  jovtully. 

thincs  in  whieh  h<n  fiiids  relief  firom  unbicky 

that  are  more  trouble- 

than   they  were  mt^Jint 

-     s  Iheui,  he  c-ui  spin 

i  :jx*,  and  ciitcJi  sum- 

r,)i..r  .i,,w>.  ,. racial 

'ver 

I   !   I-         ':iOW- 


aome  uni 
to  be.     Aero.--- 
his  little  webs 
mer  fliea '.  or,  t 
dozin^-pla»:es, 
in  Red  Tap,  lil 
uig  iu  hie  nath. 


1 


HOUSEHOLD  WORD& 


Onoe  upon  a  time,  there  was  a  duaty  dry 
old  ahop  in  Loa^'  Acre,  London^  where,  dia- 
f^T.iyed  m  the  windows,  in  tall  slim  bottle*, 
V, .  ro  numercms  preparati^jofi,  looking,  at  first 
*ight,  like  unhtialtby  maetaironL  On  ancArer 
UwpectioD,  these  were  found  lobe  Tapewonna, 
eztraeted  from  the  intenual  raechxmifim  of 
cortmu  ladies  and  gentlemen  who  were  deli- 
CAtely  referred  to,  on  the  bottle^  by  initial 
letteTB.  Doctor  Gar.lxier*a  medicine  had 
effected  theae  woudeHtil  results  ;  but,,  the 
Doctor,  ijrobably  apprehensive  that  his  pAtienLa 
might  ^  blush  to  find  it  fame,''  enshrined  them 
in  hia  museutn,  under  a  thin  cloud  of  mystery. 
We  have  a  lively  i-emembi-ance  of  n  white 
bfLBin,  which,  in  t)ie  flaya  of  our  boyhood,  re- 
mained, for  eight  or  ten  years,  in  ft  eoiispic- 
uoua  part  of  the  miiseuni,  and  was  supposed 
to  contain  a  specimen  ao  recent  that  there 
had  not  yet  been  time  for  its  more  elaborate 

Ereaen-ation.  It  bore,  as  we  remember,  the 
ibel,  "  ThiB  singular  creature,  with  ejira  like 
iL  moujw,  waA  last  week  found  desii-oving  the 
inside  of  Mr.  O—  in  the  City  Roatl"  But, 
this  waa  an  €nci\>aehment  on  the  province  of 
the  legitimate  Tapeworms.  That  apecies  were 
all  aliKe  exct?pt  in  length.  The  smaliest,  accord- 
ing to  tlie  iaWk,  measured,  to  the  best  of  our 
recoUeclion,  ab>\it  two  huti<Ired  yardn. 

If,  in  any  c<mvenient  part  of  the  United 
Kingdom,  (we  Miijnrgest  the  capital  ns  the  centre 
of  resort,)  a  similar  muficuni  could  be  eetab- 
lished,  for  the  deatmction  and  exhibition  of 
th«  Red-Tape- Worma  with  which  the  British 
Public  are  so  ^re!y  aQlicted,  there  can  be  no 
doubt  that  it  wouhl  ht^,  at  ouce,  a  vast  national 
benefit,  and  a  curioiis  natiomil  Hpectacle,  Nor 
can  there  be  a  doubt  that  tho  fwople  in  general 
wouhi  cheei-fully  contribute  to  the  supjfort  of 
such  an  eatabliahnient.  The  Ial*ela  might  Ini 
iteiitlyand  legibly  written,  according  to  the  pre- 
cedent we  have  mentioned.  "The  Right 
Honorable  Mr.  X —  from  the  Exchequer. 
Seven  thousand  yanls."  "  Earl  Y—  from  the 
Colonial  Office,  Hrdf  as  lon^  again/*  "  Lonl 
Z —  from  the  Woocbr  and  Forests.  The  longest 
ever  known.'*  **  This  eingxilar  creature," — not 
mentioning  Hh  ears — ^''waa  found  destroying 
the  patience  of  Mr.  John  B —  in  the  House  of 
Oommons."  If  it  were  practicable  to  open 
such  an  Institution  before  the  departure  of 
All  Nations  (which  can  scarcely  be  hoped)  it 
might  be  desirable  to  translate  these  abiitructs 
into  a  variety  of  lan^age«,  for  the  wider  im- 
derstanding  of  one  of  our  moat  agreeable  and 
improving  sights. 


THE  BROKEN  CHAIN, 

CAiTivEa,  bound  in  iron  boadft, 

Have  woUnigh  learned  to  love  their  cbiuo  j 
Slaves  have  held  up  lauatnned  hinda, 
Pmyiug  to  be  slaves  again  ; 
So,  doth  usage  roconcile. 
Soothing  even  Pain  to  bmUe; 
So,  a  saoDoaB  will  remain 
la  the  breaking  of  the  chain. 


But,  if  chains  wera  woven,  flihiain^ 

Firm  as  gold,  and  fine  as  hair» 
Twisting  round  the  heart,  and  tTiiiuni^ 
Binding  all  that  centres  there. 
In  0.  knot  that,  like  the  (ililett, 
May  bo  cut,  yet  ne  'er  unfoMt* u — 
Would  not  something  bhsuit  r^nuitQ 
In  the  breaking  of  the  chain  * 

TWO   SCENES   IN   THE  IJFE  OF 

JOUN  BODGEIL 

scc?(K  xnc  rxiisT. 

b»  the  year  1R32,  on  the  24lh  December, 
one  of  those  clear  bright  daya,  tltnt  siinie- 
times  supersede   the    regular    bv"<^-^-    -i- -ty 
Cliristmaa  weather,  a  large  ship 
mouth  ;  the  Blue  Peter  flying  frc'i  :  t- 

head,  (niAileni  of  beef  hanging  from  her 
mizzen-booms,  and  string  of  cabt»agea  from 
her  stem  rails ;  her  decks  crow«Jed  with 
coarsely-clad  blue-nosed  passenger)*,  ami  lum- 
bered with  boxes,  barrels,  hen-n  >, 
and  chain-cablea.  The  wind  was  !  i 
a  hollow,  dreary  soumi  Boats  vrcn'  lumyuj* 
to  and  fro,  Wtween  the  vesai'l  and  the  beacb. 
where  stood  excited  groups  <ti  ■''  ">  "|4«ajKl 
young  children.  The  hoarse:  voiooa 
of  officers  issuing  their  v  > 
mingled  with  tho  ahrill  watUng  of 
tho  deck  and  the  shore. 

It  waa  the  emigrant  shin,  "  f 
bound  for  Australia  during  the  p* 
"Bounty"     system,    when    •  n 

cniitere,  stimulated    by    p/il  ud 

handsome  per  centoge,  ruahe<i  u.  ' 

and  down  the  country,  earnestly 
'*  healthy  married  con  plea  '*  and  siti 
either  sex  to  accept  a  free  pona^e 
of  plenty."  The  EngUsh  Ubourtj  . .  i 
then  discovered  that  Auatralia  was  a  comitry 
where  masters  were  many  and  serranU 
scarce.  In  spite  of  poverty  and  i)oorhoilM 
fare,  few  of  the  John  Bull  family  cotUd  bo 
induced  to  give  heed  to  tuning  placards 
they  could  not  read,  or  tnapiring  harangues 
they  could  not  understand.  The  admii^ibie 
education  which  in  1832,  at  intervals  of  aevea 
days,  was  distributed  in  homoeopathic  doses 
among  the  agricultural  oUve  branches  of 
England,  did  not  include  modern  *_'.>.  .rini.hv, 
even  when  reading  and  writing  wer  I. 

If  a  stray  Sunday  School  scholar  <1 
a  faint  notion  of  the  locality  of  (.Hiiaan,  he 
waa  never  permitted  to  travel  aa  far  as  the 
British  Colonies* 

To  the  ploughman  out  of  employ,  Canaan, 
Canadaj  and  Austi-alia,  were  all  **/urr%n 
port*;'  he  <lid  not  know  the  way  to  them  j 
out  he  knew  the  way  to  the  j>ooThonsB,  so 
took  care  to  keep  within  reach  of  it. 

Thus  it  came  to  pass  that  lb'-  .li  ti!.'»>i-M  r.f 
the  good  ship  *' Caussaudra,"  y 

out  in  their  calculations;  an  il 

with  English,  were  obliged  to  luuk^  u\>  their 
complement  with  Irish;  who,  having  nothing 
to  faU  upon,  but  the  charity  of  the  poor  to 


.19 

.■f 

rA 


GkMtM  OtrlMitt.1 


TWO  SCENES  m  THE  LIFE  OF  JOHN  BODGER. 


485 


1 


I 


* 


the  pocM'er,  are  alwuya  ready  to  go  anywbcre 
for  &  clftily  me&l, 

Tk^  steameni  from  Cork  had  transfetred 
th«ir  ragffed,  wiwping,  hiugfaujff,  fishiui^ 
cargoes  ;  the  last  stray  groups  of  Eoglish  had 
been  coUected  from  the  western  coimtiee  ; 
the  Cr<jveniment  afficere  had  cleared  aad 
p»assed  the  ship.  With  the  afternoon  tide  two 
oandred  helplras,  ignorant,  destitute  souls 
were  to  bid  farewell  to  their  native  lai^d. 

The  delays  consequent  on  niiscalculating 
the  emigrating  tastes  of  England,  had  re- 
tarded until  mid-winter,  a  voyage  which 
should  have  been  commenced  in  autumn. 

In  one  of  the  shore-boats,  sat  a  portly  man 
• — e%idcullY  neither  an  emigrant  nor  a  sailor 
— wrappetl  in  a  great  ccat  and  comforten  ;  his 
broad  brimmeil  beaver  secured  from  the 
freezing  blast,  by  a  coloured  banthmna  tied 
under  the  chin  of  a  fat  whiskerleaa  face.  Thia 
portl>  personage  was  Mr.  Joseph  Lobbit, 
pronrietor  of  "  The  Shop/*  farmer,  miller,  and 
cliairmaii  of  the  veatry  of  the  rich  rural 
pariah  of  Dux  moor. 

Al  Duxmooi*,  the  chief  estate  was  in  Chan- 
cery, the  manor  houae  in  ruins,  the  lord  of 
it  an  outlaw,  and  the  other  landed  proprietors 
absentees,  or  in  debt ;  a  curate  preacheil, 
barie«l,  married,  and  baptised,  for  the  health 
of  the  rector  compelled  bim  to  pass  the 
iuminer  in  Switzerland,  and  the  winter  in 
Italy  }  so  Mr.  Lobbit  was  almost  the  greatest, 
as  he  was  certainly  tlie  richest  man  in  the 
parish. 

Except  that  he  did  not  care  for  anyone 
but  himself,  and  did  not  respect  anyone  who 
had  not  plenty  of  money,  he  was  not  a  bad 
sort  of  man.  He  liad  a  jolly  hearty  way  of 
talking  and  shaking  bands,  and  slapping 
people  on  the  back  ;  and  until  yon  began  to 
count  money  with  him,  he  seemed  a  very 
pleasant  liberal  fellow.  He  was  fond  of 
money,  but  more  fond  of  importance  ;  and 
therefore  worked  as  zealously  at  pai*iah-busi- 
uesa,  as  lie  did  at  his  outi  farm,  shop  and 
milt  He  centered  the  whole  powers  of  the 
vestty  in  his  own  peraon,  and  would  have 
l»een  beadle,  too,  if  it  had  been  poaaible.  He 
ap}K)iuted  the  master  and  m&tron  of  the 
Workhouse,  who  were  relations  of  his  wife ; 
suuplted  aU  the  rations  and  clotlung  for 
•*tiie  house;"  and  fixed  the  prices  in  full 
▼eatry  (viz,  himself^  and  tlie  cierk,  his  cousin), 
assembled.  He  settled  all  questions  of  out- 
of-door  relief,  and  tried  hard,  more  than  onc^ 
to  settle  the  rate  of  wages  too. 

Ill-natured  people  md  say  that  those  who 
would  not  work  on  Master  Lobbit's  farm,  at 
At4  wages,  stood  a  very  bad  chance  if  they 
wanted  anytbine  &om  the  parish,  or  came  for 
the  dolea  of  blaiutets,  coals,  bread,  and  linse}'- 
woolaey  petticoats ;  which,  under  the  provi- 
skins  of  the  tablets  in  Duxmoor  Churcn,  are 
distributed  every  Christmas.  Of  course,  Mr. 
Lobbit  supplied  these  gifts,  as  chief  shop^ 
ke«per,  and  dispensed  tnem,  as  senior  and 


perpetuid  churchwarden.  Lobbit  gave  capital 
dinners :  plenty  smoked  on  his  board,  and 
^ipes  of  ne^ro-head  with  jorums  of  gin  punch 
followed,  without  stint. 

The  two  attorneys  dined  with  bim — and 
were  glad  to  come,  for  he  had  always  money 
to  lend,  on  good  security,  and  his  gin  was 
imexcepUonaole.  So  did  two  or  three  bull- 
frog fmners,  very  rich  and  \ery  itjnorant. 
The  doctor  and  curate  came  occaaionally  ; 
they  were  poor,  and  in  bis  debt  at  **Tbe 
Shop,"  therefore  bound  to  laugh  at  hia  jokes 
— which  were  not  so  liad,  \\>v  he  was  no 
fool— so  that,  altogether,  Mr.  Lobbit  bad 
reason  to  believe  himself  a  very  popular  man. 
But  ihere  was^ — where  is  there  nott — a 
bbck  drop  in  liii  overflowing  cup  of  pro- 
sperity. 

He  had  a  son,  whom  he  intended  to  make  a 
gentleman;  whom  he  hoped  to  see  married  to 
some  lady  of  good  famUy,  installed  in  the 
Manor  House  of  Duxnioor,  (if  it  should  be 
sold  cheap,  at  the  end  of  the  Chancery  suit), 
and  established  us  the  squire  of  the  pariah 
Bobert  Lobbit  had  no  taste  for  learning,  and 
a  strong  taste  for  drinking,  which  his  father *8 
customers  did  their  best  to  encourage.  Old 
Lobbit  was  decent  iu  liia  private  habttK  ;  but, 
ns  be  made  money  wherever  he  could  to  ad- 
vantage, he  was  aJwivyv  surrounded  by  a  levee 
of  scamps,  of  all  degrees — some  agents  and 
assistants,  some  borrowers,  and  woidd-be  bor- 
Fowers.  Young  Lobbit  found  it  easier  to 
follow  the  example  of  bb  father's  companions 
than  to  follow  his  £iither^s  advice.  He  was  aa 
seMsh  and  as  greedy  as  his  father,  without 
bemg  so  agreeable  or  hospitable.  In  the 
gchool-room  he  was  a  dunce,  in  the  play- 
ground  a  tyrunt  and  bully  ;  no  one  liked 
him  f  but,  as  he  had  plenty  of  money,  many 
courted  him. 

As  a  last  resource  his  father  sent  him  to 
Oxford  ;  whence,  after  a  short  residence,  he 
was  ex|>elled.  He  arrived  home  drurdt,  and 
ill  debt ;  without  having  lost  one  bad  habit, 
or  made  one  r^pectable  friend.  From  that 
period  he  lived  a  sot,  a  village  rake,  the  king 
of  the  tap-room,  and  the  patron  of  a  crowd  of 
blackguards,  who  drank  his  beer  and  his 
health  ;  hated  him  for  his  insolence,  and 
cheated  hiin  uf  his  money- 
Yet  Joseph  Lobbit  lo?ed  his  son,  and  tried 
not  to  believe  the  stories  good-natured  friends 
told  of  him. 

Another  trouble,  fell  upon  the  prosperous 
churchwarden.  On  the  north  side  of  the 
pariah,  just  outside  the  boundaries  of  Dux- 
moor  Manor,  there  had  been,  in  the  time 
of  the  Great  Civil  Wars,  a  lai^e  number  of 
small  freehold  farmers  ;  each  with  from  forty 
to  hve  acres  of  hmd  ;  the  smaller,  fathers 
had  divided  amongst  their  progeny ;  the 
larger  had  descended  to  eldest  sous  by  force 
of  primogcnitui'e.  Joseph  Lobbit's  father  liad 
been  one  of  these  small  freeholders.  A  right 
of  pasture  on  an  adjaceut  common  was  at- 
tached to  these  Uttle  freeholds ;  so,  what  with 


geefl«  aod  aheep,  and  a  cow  or  so,  even  the 
poorest  projirietor  with  the  miabUuice  of 
Larva«t  worK,  miuiHged  to  mtike  a,  li^^ng,  up 
to  the  time  of  the  last  war.  War  priceii  m&*\e 
land  valiiAblev  aud  the  common  vfiia  eiii'lo«tHl  ; 
thoug:h  a  sharu  went  to  the  little  freeholden*. 
and  MofJf  aiiil  daughtem  were  hiretl,  at  gocjd 
wages,  whiJe  the  euclogure  wk»  going  on,  the 
loM  of  the  pasture  for  stock,  and  the  fall  of 
pric««  tit  the  peiuie,  sealed  their  fiite,  John 
Lohhit.  our  jwrtly  friend  a  father,  succeedi'd  to 
hJM  little  eat«te,  of  tweuty  acrea,  by  the  death 
of  his  elder  brother,  iu  the  tiitie  of  best  war 
pricoii,  after  he  had  ]Mi£Med  some  years  as  a 
shopman  iu  a  great  seaport.  His  hi-st  use  of 
it  was  to  sell  it,  and  set  up  a  shop  in  Duxiuoor, 
to  the  great  scandal  of  his  farmer  neighljours. 
When  John  slejjt  with  his  fathera,  Joaeph, 
hAving  succeeded!  to  the  shop  aud  ftaviugB, 
bi^gan  to  buy  land  and  lend  money.  Between 
sho]M^rxM]it  to  the  five-acred  and  mortgage*  to 
the  fortv-acred  men,  with  a  little  luck  in  the 
'v:  r     '  ' '  '■  '      !is  of  the  froeholdexs  being 

II'  sohlierH*  impreaeed  for 


by  Bomethins  very  flougj  and  defied  Mr.  Lobfait 

to  the  end  o7hi«  daya. 

Jt    would     inU^'^    *ridr*    \innrr    in    f(<ll     (ill     Jr.a<.Tiil( 

Lobbit's  ingeii  < 

olfers — to  buy  i  i. 

John  Eodger  riecliiied  »  Umu  l«»  buy  a  cart  ajud 
liorae  :  he  refused  to  take  credit  for  a  new 
hat,  umbrelia,  aud  waistcoat,  after  loaing  hia 
money  at  Bidecot  Fair.  He  went  i>f»  ni^^MlUy 
sbivin^  at  his  bit  •>;"  '      '    '  '     u^  beat 

t hatching  and  buih  l»om'- 

hooil,  sjiendinir  Ills  i  .  i       ,       sing  bixa- 

j*elf  without  L'lt'i.;  li  -  i'  t;ifje«j  until 
Mr,  Joseph  Lobbii,  ruiupkiciy  foiled,  begMi 
to  look  on  John  Bodger  ii&  a  {^tensoual  enemy^ 
Juat  wheii  John  and  his  neighlMmns  were 
rejoicing  over  the  defeat  of  the  Uksi  >t 

the  jolly  parochial,  an  accident  f^rrr  h 

upeet  all  John's  prudent  ev  11» 

fell  in  love.     He  might  have  i.  '  'i*otli3r 

Paulson,  the  blacksmith's  «iaw;,:;ht  :i — an  only 
chihl,  with  t>etter  than  two  hunrlred  potincu 
in  the  Bonk,  and  a  good  business — a  vir- 
tuous^ good  girl,  too,  except  tlmt  site  wiia 


i«iiio.^,H.L  .,,n..w,<i  for  poach  IDC  offences,  in  I  thin  tifl  a  hurdle,  with  a  akin  like  nutmeg 
the  course  of  yeara,  Joseph  Jjobbit  liecanie  |  j^Tater,  an<l  rather  a  bail  tern fw:-!',  }iut  iiu»t«^ 
poaaesaed,  not  only  of  his  paternal  freehold,  [of  that,  to  the  surprise  of  evfrv  rii-  ho 
but,  acre  by  acre,  of  all  his  neighbours*  hold- 1  went  and  married  Carry  Hutching.  U- 

Litga,   to   the   extpiit   of  something  like  live  [  ter  of  Wivlow   Hiitchins,   one  vi  ie 

hundri'd  aereti.  cd  owners  ^^auiahcd  ;  freeholdem  bought  out  by  Mr.  Lobba,  v^Hq 

the  ulovit  and  >  irted,  and  were  aeeu   died,   poor  old  «oul,  the  day  aft*^r  alie   whb 

no  more  ;  the  old  and  dtcrcpit  wei*e  receivetl  cArrieo  ijito  the  workhouae,  leaving  Cariy  and 
aud  kindly  housed  in  the  workhouse.  Of  her  brother  Tom  deetitute — that  is  to  aay, 
coume  it  could  not  have  bet?n  part  of  Mr, '  destitute  of  goods,  money,  or  flradit,  Vmt  not 
Ix)bbit*$  bai^gain  to  find  them  Inmnl  and  '  of  common  si'iise,  good  health,  good  looks,  and 
lodging  for  the  rest  of  their  days  at  the  pariah  I  power  of  eandng  wages. 


enenae,  A  few  are  said  to  have  drunk  them- 
aelvea  ic  death ;  but  tins  la  iinpmbable,  for  the 
cider,  in  that  part  of  the  country,  ie  extremely 
aour,  flo  that  it  is  more  likely  they  died  of 
cctlic. 

There  was,  however,  in  the  very  centre  of 
the  cluster  of  freeholds  which  the  narochial 
dignitary  had  ao  auoceisfitlly  acquirer,  a  small 
barren  plot  of  five  acres  with  a  right  of  road 
throuf,di  the  rest  of  the  property.  The  pos- 
aeaaor  of  thia  waa  a  sturdy  fellow,  John  BoJger 
by  name,  who  waa  neither  to  l>e  coaxed  nor 
bullied  into  parting  with  his  patrimony. 

John  Bodger  waa  an  only  *on,  a  smart  little 
fellow,  a  capital  thatcher,  a  good  hand  at 
cobhouse  building — in  fact,  a  handy  man. 
Unfortunately,  he  waa  aa  fond  of  pleasure  a» 
hia  bettera.  He  aang  a  comic  song,  till 
peoplee'  eyes  ran  over,  and  they  rolled  on 
their  seats  j  he  handle<l  a  sin^le-^tick  very 
tidily  ;  aiui^  among  the  light  weights,  was  not 
to  be  despised  as  a  wreatler.  He  always 
knew  where  a  hare  waa  to  be  found  ;  anel, 
when  the  fox-hounds  were  out,  to  hear  his* 
view-halloo,  i.lid  your  heart  good.  These  tastes 
were  expensive ;  so  that  when  he  came  into 
his  little  property,  although  he  worke^l  with 
tolemblc  inJuatry,  and  earned  good  wage.s, 
for  that  part  of  the  country,  he  never  had  a 
shilling  to  the  fiu'e,  as  the"  Irish  say.  If  he 
had  been  a  prudent  man,  he  might  liave  hud 


Carry  was  nearly  a  head  teller  than  John, 
with  a  face  like  a  r>i"^  *"^m*^  It,.  1,.,,]  i,.  l.wy 
her  wwlding  gown,  ^^ 

bought  them  at  Lob  I  ^  4 

—he  was  fifteen  vears  old — a  tall  syry  lad, 
accepted  five  Bhillings  from  his  brother-in- 
law,  hunw  a  small  bundle  on  1 1  «tin|f 
stick,  ana  set  off  to  walk  tx»  I  bo  a 
sailor.  He  was  never  heard  ol  any  more  a4 
Dux  moor. 

At  first  all  went  well,  JoV  '  "  '^  noinp 
to  wakes  and  fairs,  except  on  ^ti»cfc 

to  his  trades  ;  brought  uia  g,a..^..  ,,..o  good 
order,  and  worked  early  and  Ijite,  when  h© 
could  spare  time,  at  his  two  little  fiil^l.^.  ublle 
hia  wife  helped  him  femously,     T  I 

had  a  few  {HDunds  in  hand,  they  w  o 

had  "  land  and  beeves." 

But  the  first  year  twins  eame — a  boy  and 
girl ;  and  the  neit  another  girl,  and  then 
twiiiH  again,  and  so  on.  Before  Mr«.  Bodger 
was  thirty  she  had  nine  hearty,  healthy  chil- 
dren, with  a  fair  proeiiect  of  plenty  moirs; 
while  John  waa  a  broten  man,  i»oured,  di^ 
contented,  hopeless.  No  longer  did  he  atrMe 
foilh  eagerly  to  hia  work,  after  kisi^iini'  moth**!* 
and  babies  ;  no  longer  did  he  » 

i)ut  a  finishing  stroke  to  the  ^  r 

InoaHcast  his  oat  crop;  no  1'  ,t 

whittling  and  telling  stories  >  4 

at  the  &«sidQ,  while  mendiiig  ^mu  wutxlea 


ChArtol  lMctni«.J 


TWO  SCENES  IN  THE  LITE  OF  JOHN  BODGER 


4S7 


imi>lenit-ut  of  hlfl  own,  or  makin?  oue  for  a 

Ti  Iftuiguid  an*l 

U'  with  round  ahon 

g&it ;    tipoke   Beldom — wbeu   Ue   dk\^   st^Uiotii 

kindly.     His   children,  except  the  youngest, 

feuMn  hitn,  aad  his  wife  soaroi^ty  o{)cu6d  her 

Upfl»  except  to  au«wer. 

^   -^  -^  '  '  lid  of 

r  Iren, 

ubltgtHi  to  Bt*ll  hiH  bit  of  laud.  He  had 
bon\ivred  money  on  it  from  the  Uwyer  ; 
while  laid  up  nith  f**verj  he  had  silently 
allow^l  hia  wifu  to  run  up  a  bill  at '"  The 
Shop."  When  strong  euoiigh  for  work  there 
WM8  uo  work  to  \m*  hiuU  Lob  bit  saw  his  oppor- 
Uinity,  and  took  it.  Joliii  Bodger  vrauited  to 
o«y  a  cow*  he  wanted  aeeil,  he  wanted  to  pay 
tV  '  i\  and  to  give  hia  boys  clothee  to 
*  » to  go  to  flervic€.     He  eold  liia  land 

Jiv>L  ^i.....  Ue  thought  would  du  all  thi«^  and 
leATO  B  ftw  p(ytm£  in  hand.  He  afctttided  to 
sign  the  deediad  receive  numey ;  when,  instead 
01  the  balance  of  twenty-fi%*e  pound*  he  had 
expected,  he  received  one  pound  t«u  fihiUioga, 
and  A  long  lawyer's  bill  receipted. 

He  did  not  say  much ;  for  poor  countrymen 
dou*t  know  how  to  talk  to  Law>-er»,  but  he 
went  towards  home  like  a  drunken  man ;  and, 
not  hearing  the  clatter  of  a  horse  behind 
him  that  had  run  away,  was  knocked  down, 
run  over,  and  picked  up  with  bis  collar  bone 
and  two  ribfi  broken. 

The  next  day  he  was  delirious;  in  the 
course  i»f  a  fortnight  he  came  to  hia  sensea, 
lying  on  a  workhouae  bed.  Before  he  could 
rise  frc*m  the  workhouse  bed,  not  a  stick  or 
stone  ha*!  been  led  to  tell  whei-e  the  cottage 
of  \m  f»theni  had  stood  for  more  than  two 
hundretl  years,  and  Mr.  Joseph  Lobbtt  had 
obtained,  in  auctioneering  phraae;  a  magnid- 
cent  estate  of  five  hundred  acres  wLtluu  a 
rinff  fence. 

John  Bodger  stood  np  at  length  a  ruined, 
desperate,  daufferoua  man,  ]iale,  and  weak, 
and  even  humme.  He  a^^d  nothing  ;  the  fever 
seemed  to  have  tamed  every  limb— every 
feature-— except  his  eyea,  which  glittered  like 
an  adder's  whvn  Mr.  liobbit  came  to  talk 
to  him,  Lobbit  saw  it  and  tremblei.1  in  hie 
imnost  heart,  yet  was  aahamed  of  being  afraid 
ofa  twa/w/ 

AUmt  this  time  Bwing  fires  made  their 
appearance  in  the  eouutry,  and  the  priucii>al 
Insurance  Companies  refusied  to  insure  t'lvrm- 
\nif  Mto.  I;  to  the  oonBtemation  of  Mr.  Lobbit  ; 
f  lately  bogun  to  suspect  that  among 

^I  .^4  friends  he  was  not  very  popular, 

yet  he  had  some  thousand  pounds  oi  com 
stacks  in  his  own  yards  and  those  of  his 
CUatumera. 

Jahik  Bofl^r,  almoet  eonvaleseent^  waa 
ii\<  '     w.>  the    poor-houae,  while  the 

ii  i\  and  every  official,  seemed  in 

ft  L'.-iu  *  1    .    r^ji^  nioke  him  com- 

forta^  ume  previously  the 

feeling  .„. .  j.  „  ,  ..  v.  ..^.rent     But  the  old 


rector  of  Duxmoor  having  died  at  the  coriy 

ige  of  aixty-six^  in  »pit«»  of  hia  care  for  hia 
liealth,  lifld  bocn  gtiprffvfnd  by  n  mnn  who  wis 
not  cuntent  to  leavi  i 

the  {Mirish  affriii's  ui 

and  John  niid   his  !y  ciiUH'  uiuIlt 

invest i ^nation.    H'ib  r  »«ut.     Tlic  new 

rector  piti^l  rtnd  tri«ii  t<»  mmfort  him;  but 
hiii  sooth  in;;  woida  fell  on  deiif  care.  The 
only  answer  he  could  pet  from  John  waii,  **  A 
hand  life  while  it  hiwts.  Sir,  .'nihl  n  piufiei^s 
grave,  a  pauper  widow,  |jaupor  children : 
Paraon,  while  thia  ist  fill  vou  cjiu  otl*er  John 
Bodger,  proiching  to  him  is  of  no  use.*' 

^ith  the  wife,  the  clergyman  w:ia  mom 
successful.  Hope  and  belief  aru  plantCil  more 
easily  in  the  hearts  of  women  than  of  mon« 
for  adversity  soflens  the  one  and  hardens 
the  other.  The  rector  was  not  content  with 
exhorting  the  poor,  he  applied  to  the  neh 
Jofteph  Lobbit  on  behalf  of  John  Bodger^a 
family,  and  aa  the  rector  waa  not  only  a  truly 
Christian  priest,  but  a  gentlemAQ  of  i^ood 
family  and  fortune,  the  parochial  ruler  wa« 
obUge*l  to  hear  and  to  heed. 

umid  and  limooth,  almost  pathetic,  WM 
Joaeph  Liobbit ;  he  was  "  heartily  aorry  for  tht> 
poor  man  and  Ms  hm  £imily  ;  ahould  be 
happy  to  offer  him  and  his  wife  permanent 
employment  on  hia  Hill  farrn^  aa  well  ns  two 
of  the  boys  and  one  of  the  girla," 

The  eldest  eon  and  (jaughter,  the  fii-st  twina, 
had  been  for  some  time  in  reapectable  3cr\'ice. 
John  would  have  nothing  to  do  with  Mr. 
Lobbit. 

WhUe  thia  diaaianon  waa  pending;,  the  niiwa 
of  a  ship  at  Plymouth  waiting  for  eoiigranta, 
reached  Duxmoor. 

The  parson,  and  the  great  shopkeeper  were 
observed  in  a  lorig  warm  conference  in  tha 
rectory  garden,  which  endeil  in  their  aliakmff 
hands,  and  the  rector  proceeding  with  n^Si 
strides  to  the  poor-house. 

The  aame  day,  the  lately  established  gida' 
school  waa  set  to  work  sewing  garments 
of  all  sizea,  aa  well  as  the  femaU^s  of  the 
rector's  family,  A  week  afterwmxls,  there 
waa  a  stir  in  the  village ;  a  waggon  moved 
slowly  away,  ta^Jeu  with  u  father,  mothei\  and 
large  family,  aivd  a  couple  of  t>aupor  oqjhan 
gir&.  Yes,  it  wa»  true;  John  iwul  Carry 
Bodger  were  going  to  "  Furrin  parts,"  "  to  bo 
made  alavea  on.'"     The  women  cried,  and  to 

did  the  childr'v   ^ f"  '•■'^  ''ion.     The  men 

Btared.     As   th  i-s^^e^i   the  HahI 

Lion  there  was  :>! -i  t  cheer  from  two 

tinkers  ;  but  it  was  a  failure ;  no  one  Joined 
in.     So  staring  and  staring,  the  men  stood 
until  the  waggon  crept  round  the  luru  of  the 
lane  and  over  the  bridgts  out  uf  si^Ul ;  then 
bidding  the  "  wivea  *'  go  jiome  nnd  be  hanged 
to  *em,  their  lords,  that  had  two-penoe,  went  in 
to  spend  it  at  the  ^1  Lion,  and  r '  :     ! 

not,  went  in  to  see  the  otheais 
o%*er  John  B<^)dgei'*ii  **  liOuMiit^,     ......  ...,.,.: 

Muster  Lobbit  quietly,  ho  that  no  one  in  top 
boots  should  hear  theju  ;— loi*  tiiey  were  poor 


488 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


[CwkducMA 


cMaJH 


ignorant  people  in  Duxmoor — ^they  had  had  no 
one  to  teach  them,  or  to  care  for  litem,  and 
after  the  fever,  and  the  long  hard  winter,  they 
cared  little  for  tlieir  own  flesh  and  blood,  atiU 
leas  for  their  neighbours.  So  John  Bo<lger  was 
forgotten  almost  before  he  was  out  of  sight* 

By  the  road-waggon  which  the  Bodgers 
joiuetl  when  they  ref«ihe<1  the  highway,  it  wa* 
a  three  days'  journey  to  Plymouth. 

But,  although  they  were  gone,  lilr.  Lobbit 
did  not  feel  quite  satisfied  *  he  felt  afraid  lest 
John  shouJd  return  and  do  hira  some  yecret 
mim::hief  He  wished  to  see  him  on  \yo&-Td  Hhip, 
mad  fairly  under  sail.  Beaidea,  liis  ueji^iotia- 
tiOR  with  Emigration  Brokers  had  ofHiUtid  up 
ideaa  of  a  new  way  of  getting  rid,  not  oidy  of 
dangerous  fellows  like  John  Bodgcr^  ijul  of 
all  kinda  of  uaeleaa  paupera.  Theae  ideas  he 
iiftei^wardi  matured,  and  although  important 
changt's  have  taken  place  in  Mur  emigrating 
fiVetem,  even  in  1851,  a  visit  to  Govenuuunt 
Boips,  wUl  present  inany  speciineDs  of  parish 
imnatea  converted,  by  dexterous  diplomacy, 
into  independent  labouren*. 

Thus  it  was,  that,  conti'ary  to  all  precedent, 
Mr.  Lobbit  left  hia  shopman  to  settle  the 
difficult  case  of  credit  with  his  Cbristniaa  cus- 
tomers, and  with  best  horse  made  hia  way  to 
Plymouth  ;  and  now  for  the  first  time  iu  hi« 
life,  floated  on  salt  water. 

With  many  ginmts  and  groana  he  climbed 
tlie  ship's  aide  ;  not  being  as  great  a  man  at 
Flymouih  as  at  Duxmoor^  no  chair  was 
lowered  to  received  his  portly  person.  Thu 
mere  fact  of  having  to  climb  up  a  rope 
ladder  from  a  rockmg  boat  on  a  breezy, 
freezing  day,  was  not  calculated  to  give  corn- 
foil  or  coutideut  feelings  to  an  elderly  gentle- 
man. With  8onie  diflicidty,  not  without 
bi'oken  shins,  amid  the  sarcastic  remarks  of 
groujxj  of  wild  Irialimeu,  and  the  squeaks  of 
bareTooted  children — who,  not  knowing  his 
awful  parochial  character,  tumbled  about 
Mr,  Ij4jlil>it'iii  legs  in  a  most  inipertineutiy 
familiar  maimer — he  made  his  way  t4>  the 
captain's  cabin,  and  there  transacted  aome 
myaterious  business  \**ith  the  Emi^^ation 
Agent  over  a  prime  piece  of  meas  beef  aod  a 
class  of  Madeira.  The  Madeira  wanned 
Mr.  Ivubbit.  Tlie  cajjtaiu  assured  him 
positively  that  the  ship  would  sitil  with  the 
evening  tide.  That  aaau  ranee  removeti  a 
heavy  load  from  hia  breast:  he  felt  like  a 
man  who  hind  been  performing  a  gowl  action, 
ajitl  ahiiofit  cheatetl  himself  into  believing 
that  he  had  been  spending  Mji  ofifn  money  in 
charity  ;  ao,  at  the  end  of  the  aecou*!  bottle, 
he  willingly  chimed  in  with  the  broker's 
propo«a)  to  go  down  below  and  see  how  the 
emignuUa  were  stowed,  and  have  a  last  look 
at  *•  hia  lot." 

Down  the  steep  L-uider  they  BtumUed  into 
the  misery  of  a  '' Iwmty  "  ship.  A  long,  dark 
gallery,  on  each  side  of  which  were  niuged 
the  berths ;  narrow  shelves  open  to  eveiy 
prying  eye ;  where,  for  four  months,  the 
mmatea  were  to  be  ^jacked,  like  hetringa  in  a 


barrel,  without  room  to  move,  almost  with- 
out air  to  breathe ;  the  mesa  table,  running 
far  aft  the  whole  distance  between  the  mn3f^ 
left  little  room  for  passing,  and  that  little  was 
encumbered  with  all  masner  of  boxes, 
packages,  and  infants,  crawling  about  like 
i-al»bit8  in  a  warren.   • 

Tlie  groups  of  emigrauta  were  d 
tically  employed.     The  Irish  *' eijaherinf 
gossiping ;   for,  having  little  or  no 
to  look  after,  they  had  little  care ;  but 
and    ragged,    monopolised    almost    all 
good-humour  of  the  ship.    Acute  c»ckneja, 
a    race    fit    for    every    chanj^e,  hammering, 
whistling,  acrewing   and  makmg  all  snug  in 
their  bertha  ;  tidy  mothers,  turning  with  de- 
sivnr  from  alternate  and  equally  vain  attenij 
to   collect  their    numerous  children   out 
danger,  and  to  pack  the  necessaries  of  a  rooi 
into  the  apace  of  a  flmall  cupboard,  wt-pt  a 
worked  away.    Here,  a  ruined  traik?im;ia 
with  his  famUy,  sat  at  the  table,  dinuerb 
having  rejected  the  coiuse,  tough  sidt  tut 
in  disgust ;  there,  a  half  starved  group  fe 
heailily  on  rations  from  the  same  caak,  luj 
uriate<l  over  the  allowance  of  grog,  nixd  tl 
idea  of  such   a   good   meal    daily.      Sr»n|^ 
gi'oans,  oaths :  crying,  laughing,  complainin| 
hammering  and  fiddling  combined  to  produ< 
a  chaos  of  strange  sounds ;  whde  thrifty  wivea^ 
with   spectacle  on  nose,  mended  their  hus- 
bands' nreeehes,  and  unthrifty  ones  scoJded. 

Amid  this  confusion,  under  the  authoii- 
tative  guidance  of  the  second  mate,  Mr, 
Lobbit  made  his  way,  inwardly  calcuJatiag 
how  many  jxwichei-s,  pauper  refi-actonea^ 
\Miiteboys,  and  Captain  Bocks,  were  about 
to  buot'lit  Austi^lia  by  their  talent*,  \mtil 
he  reached  a  }iaity  which  had  taken  up  its 
quarters  as  far  as  possible  from  the  Irish,  in 
a  gloomy  earner  near  the  stern.  It  conaistwl 
of  a  sickly,  feeble  woman,  under  forty,  but 
worn,  wasted,  retaining  marks  of  former 
beauty  in  a  pair  of  large,  dark  speaking  eyes, 
and  a  well  cai'ved  pro  tile,  who  was  enfiti^|;«d 
in  uui'sing  two  chubby  infants,  evidenUy 
twins,  whUe  two  little  things  just  able  to 
walk,  hung  at  her  s^kirts  ;  a  pale,  thin  boy, 
nine  or  ten  years  ohi,  was  mending  a  jacket  ; 
an  elder  brother,  as  brown  as  a  berry,  fresh 
from  the  fields,  was  playing  dolefully  oa  a 
hemltx;k  llute.  The  lather,  a  little  round'« 
shouldered  man,  was  engaged  in  catting] 
wooden  buttons  from  a  piece  of  hard  wood 
witli  his  pocket-knife  ;  when  he  caught  sight 
of  Mr.  Lobbit  he  hastily  pulled  off  hia  coat, 
threw  it  into  bis  berth,  and,  turning  hia  back  J 
worked  away  vigorously  at  the  stubbfJlii  bit* 
of  oak  he  was  carving. 

"  Hallo,  John  Bodger,  so  here  yon  are  at 
lost,"  cried  Mr.  Ix>bbit  ;  "IVe  broken  my 
shins,  alma^it  broken  mj  neck,  and  epoiit 
my  coat  with  tar  and  pitdi,  in  finding  you 
out.  Well,  you  're  quite  at  home,  1  see  : 
twins  all  well  ^^both  pair  of  them  i  How  do 
you  tintl  youi*aelf,  Missis  !  " 

The  pale  woman  sighed  and  cuddled  her 


I 


b&biea — the  little  niAn  said  nothing,  but 
Boeer«d,  and  made  the  ehipa  fly  faater. 

**  You  're  ou  your  way  now  to  a  country 
where  twins  are  no  object :  your  pafiaage  ig 
paid,  and  you  Ve  only  got  now  to  pray  for  the 
good  gentlemen  that  have  given  you  a  chance 
of  earning  an  honeat  living/' 

No  answer. 

"I  aee  them  all  hero  except  Mary,  the 
young  Iftdv  of  the  family.  Pray  has  ihe  taken 
me,  an*  l-^ -Muned  to'stayin  England  after 
all ;  T  '3  much — 

Afl  L  ,.  Li  young  girl,  in  the  neat  dreaa 
of  a  parlour  BervaDtf  came  out  of  the  shade. 

*  Oh  !  you  are  there,  are  you,  Miaa  Mary  t 
So  you  have  made  up  your  mint!  to  leave  your 
place  and  Old  England  to  try  your  luck  in 
Australi.-L ;  plenty  of  huabanils,  there,  ha,  ha  !  *' 

The  girl  blushed,  and  sat  down  to  aew  at 
■onM  little  gannente.  Fresbf  rosy,  neat,  she 
waa  aa  great  a  eontraat  to  her  brother,  the 
brown  ragged  ploughboy,  as  he  was  to  the 
rest  of  the  fiumly,  with  their  Dabby,  bleached 
complexions. 

There  was  a  pauae  :  the  mate  having  done 
his  dutv  by  tinaing  the  {Mrochial  digmtary'a 
proteg&es,  had  slipped  away  to  more  impor- 
tant basineas  ;  a  cborua  of  sailors  "  yo  heave 
ho-iug  "  at  a  chain  cable  had  ceased,  and  for 
a  few  moments,  by  common  consent,  silence 
seemed  to  have  taken  poaieesiou  of  the  long 
dark  gftUeiy  of  the  holdL 

Mr.  Lobbit  was  rather  put  out  by  the 
stleuoe,  and  no  answers  ;  he  did  not  feel  so 
confident  as  when  crowing  on  his  own  dung- 
hill, in  Duxmoor ;  he  had  a  v.'\gue  idea  that 
some  one  might  steal  behind  faim  in  the  dark, 
knock  his  bat  over  his  eyea^  and  pay  off  old 
scores  with  a  hearty  kick :  but  parochial 
dignity  prevaiJed,  and,  clearing  his  Uirmit 
with  a  "  hem,"  he  began  again — 

"John  Bodger,  where 's  your  coat  ?^-what 
are  you  shivering  there  for,  in  your  sleeves  1 
— what  have  you  done  with  the  excellent  coat 
generously  prcsiented  to  you  by  the  Parish — 
a  coat  that  cost,  as  per  contract,  fourteen 
shillingB  and  fourpcnce — you  have  not  dared 
to  sell  it,  I  hojw  r* 

**  Well,  blaster  Lobbit,  and  if  I  did,  the 
coat  was  mv  own,  I  suppose  ?  " 

"  What,  Bir  /  " 

Tlie  little  man  qmdled  ;   he  had  tried  to 

Sluck   up  liis  apirit,  but  the  bloo<l  did  not 
ow  fast  enough,     lie  went  to  his  berth  and 
brought  out  tlie  coat. 

It  was  certainly  a  curious  colour,  a  sort  of 
yellow  brown,  the  cloth  shrunk  and  cockled 
up,  and  the  metal  buttons  turned  a  dixigy 

>lr.  Lobbit  raved ;  "  a  new  coat  entirely 
spoiled,  what  hail  he  done  to  it?"  and  as 
he  raved,  he  wai'med,  and  felt  himself  nt 
home  again,  Deputy  Acting  Chairman  of 
the  Duxmoor  Vestry,  But  the  little  man, 
instead  of  being  frightened,  grew  red,  lost  his 
humble  mien,  stood  up,  and,  at  length,  when 
his  tormentor  paused  for  breath,  looked  him 


full  in  the  fiice,  and  cried,  "  Hang  yxriir  cciat  I 
— hang  you  ! —  hang  all  the  parochiaU  of 
Duxraoor  !  Wliat  have  I  done  with  your 
coat  ?  Why  I  Ve  dyed  it ;  I  ve  dipped  it  in 
a  tan-yard  j  I  was  not  going  to  carry  your 
liver}'  with  me.  I  mean  to  have  the  buttons 
off  before  I  *m  an  hour  older.  Gratitude 
vou  talk  of; — thanks  you  want,  you  old 
Ly[)ocrite,  for  sending  me  away.  I'll  teU 
you  what  sent  me, — ^it  was  that  poor  wench, 
and  her  twins,  and  a  letter  frtim  the  oflSeOy 
saying  they  wouhl  not  insure  your  ricl 
while  lucifer  matches  are  80  cheap.  Ay,  yoa" 
may  stare— yon  wonder  who  told  me  that , 
but  I  can  tell  you  more.  Who  is  it  that 
writes  so  like  hw  father  the  Bank  can't  tell 
the  difference  1 " 

Mr.  Lobbit  tnmed  pale. 

"  fie  off  r'  said  the  little  man ;  **  pUffQe  us 
no  more.  You  have  eaten  me  up  witTi  your 
usury ;  you've  got  my  cottage  and  my  bit  of 
land;  you've  made  paupers  of  us  all,' except 
that  dear  Inss,  and  the  one  lad,  and  you  'd  well* 
nigh  made  a  convict  of  me.  But  never  mind. 
This  will  be  a  odd,  drear  Christmas  to  us, 
and  a  merry,  fiit  one  to  you ;  but,  perliaps, 
the  Christmas  may  come  when  ACaster  Joseph 
Lobbit  would  be  glad  to  change  places  with 
poor,  niine<l  John  Bodger.  I  am  going  where 
I  am  told  that  sons  and  daughters  hke  mine  are 
better  than  *  silver,  yea,  than  fine  gold.'  I  leave 
you  rich  on  the  poor  man^s  inheritance  and 
poor  man's  flesh  and  blood.  You  have  a  son 
and  daughter  that  will  revenge  me.  *  Cursetl 
are  they  that  remove  lanihnarks,  and  devour 
the  substance  ol  the  poor  !' "" 

While  this,  one  of  the  longest  speeches  that 
John  Eoilger  was  ever  known  to  make,  was 
being  delivered,  a  little  crowd  had  collected, 
who,  without  exactly  understanding  the  merita 
of  the  case,  had  no  hesitation  in  taking  iido 
with  their  fellow-passeDKer,  the  poor  man 
with  the  large  family.  The  Irish  began  to 
inquire  if  the  stout  gentleman  was  a  tithe- 
proctor  or  a  diiver  1  Murmura  of  a  suspicious 
character  arose,  in  the  midst  of  wVii.  »•  it^  t 
veiT  hasty,  undignified  manner,  ^ 
bacced  out,  climbed  up  to  the    i  n 

extraordinary  agility,  and,  without  waiting  to 
make  any  complaints  to  the  officers  of  the 
ship,  slipped  down  the  side  into  a  boat,  and 
never  felt  lumself  safe,  until  calletl  to  his 
senses  by  an  attempt  on  the  port  of  the  boat- 
man to  exact  four  times  the  regular  fare. 

But  a  gootl  dinner  at  the  Globe  (at  ]jarochial 
expense)  and  a  report  ftxim  the  agent  that  the 
ship  had  sailed,  restort^l  Mr.  Lobbit's  equani- 
mity ;  and  by  tJie  time  that,  snugly  packed  in 
the  mail,  ho  was  rattling  along  towara  home  by 
a  moonlight  Christmaa,  he  began  to  think  him- 
self a  martyr  to  a  tender  heart,  and  to  console 
himself  by  calculating  the  value  of  the  odd 
comer  of  Bodger's  acres,  cut  up  iuto  lota  for 
his  labourers'  cottages.  The  result,  fift^  per 
cent,  proved  a  balm  to  his  wounded  feelm^pk 

I  wish  I  could  say  that  at  the  same  hour 
John  Bodger  was  comforting  his  wife  and 


I 
I 

I 


490 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDa 


little  ones ;  •orry  am  I  to  rep<jri  that  he  left 
thum  to  we«jp  nnd  compliun,  whih?  he  wtnt 
forward  and  sinoked  hU  pipe,  and  twitg,  and 
drank  prui?  with  a  jolly  pjirty  in  tbe  ff»reca«tle 
— f, ,  ■  "  ]  I  ^?nrt  was  huLnleued,  and  lie  cared 
litH  '>r  mau. 

TJius  oj^i.  i.jud  lovo  for  bin  wife  and  oliildren 
B»^erae<!  to  have  died  nway.  llo  \<ii\  lliera, 
Ibroit^h  tlie  most  part  of  the  voyage,  to 
ahift  tVn*  theinaelveH — sittiDg  forward,  auUuidy 
Ainoking,  looking  Luto  vjicancy,  and  weurying 
the  1011078  with  asking,  **  Ilow  many  kiioU 
to-dAVt  Jack  1  When  do  yim  tliiiik  we  shall  see 
land  I  "  So  that  the  womtMi  pa^tiengeTs  k»ok 
a  mortal  dislike  to  him ;  and  it  bein^  ^^oa- 
mpjied  about,  that  when  hia  wife  was  In  the 
bospit;dj  he  never  went  to  see  her  for  two 
davH,  they  culled  liim  a  brute.  So  "  Bodger 
the  Brnte  "  he  was  called  uutil  the  end  of  the 
voyag«^.     Then  tliey  wt-ro  all  dispersed^  and 


mach  storica  driven  out  gf  mind  by  new 

JoliTi  was  hired  to  go  into  tlie  far  interior, 
where  it  wius  difficult  to  get  free  servonta  at 
all ;  so  Ilia  master  put  up  with  the  desid- 
weight  encunibrauce  of  the  babiea,  in  eon- 
sideration  of  the  clever  wife  and  string  of 
Hkely  lada,  Thn»,  in  a  new  country,  he  V»eK'»n 
life  nipkin  in  a  blue  jersey  and  raggeiJ  cordu- 
roys, out  the  largeet  money  income  he  had 
ever  known, 

acKXB  THi  accorn). 

In  1842,  my  friend  Mm.  C.  made  one  of  her 
narehett  through  the  bu«h  with  an  army  of 
«tt%rftatA.  These  conaiateii  of  parenUi  with 
lonff  fiimilies,  rough  country-bred  einDle  girb, 
with  here  and  there  a  white-hande<!,  useiesa 
voung  lady — the  rejected  onea  of  the  Sydney 
hirers.  In  these  marchee  slie  had  lo  depend 
for  the  rations  of  her  ragged  regiment  on  the 
hoepitality  of  the  eettlera  on  her  route,  and 
was  never  diaappointed,  although  it  often  hap- 
pened that  a  day's  journey  was  commcnceii 
without  any  distinct  iden  of  who  would  furniah 
the  next  dinner  and  breakfaat. 

On  one  of  these  foraging  excuraioiw — stiu^- 
ing  at  day-dawn  on  horseback  followed  by 
her  man  Friday,  an  old  Itt^  (prisoner),  in  a 
light  cart  to  carry  the  provender — she  went 
forth  to  look  for  thw  flour,  nulk,  and  mullet, 
for  the  breakfaat  of  a  fwirty  whoi^e  English 
appetitea  had  been  «har|>enerl  by  tnivelliiug  at 
the  pace  of  the  drays  all  day,  and  tJ«?eping 
in  the  open  air  all  night, 

The  Welcome  smoke  of  the  expected  station 
waa  found  ;  the  Mght  cart,  with  the  com  pi  e- 
meutfl  and  empty  sack  deapatehed;  when 
mnauig,  at  a  foot-nace,  perhajis,  on  the  future 
fortune  of  the  huf-dozen  girk  hired  out  the 
previous  day,  Mrs.  C.  came  upon  a  small 
party  which  had  also  been  encamping  on  the 
other  side  of  the  hills. 

It  ooDsiBted  of  two  gawky  Uch  in  docked 
■moek  fr0ek9j  wooUy  h^,  rosy  sleepy  counte- 
naticeB ;  firesfa  arrivals,  living  monumentii  of 
the  care  bestowed  in  developing  the  intelU- 
mce  of  the  agrioultuiai  mind  in  England, 
They  were  hard  at  work  on  bixiiled  mutton. 


A    regular    h.xrd-flnod    BuflhraAn,    had    hut 

driven  up  a  pair  of  bli^xl   M?tn*rt  froin  tbe^ 

night's  feed,  and  a  wii  -     .  .     , 

of  young  old  man,  llv 

was   aittmg   by   the   tne    i  .in 

infant  witlx  some  sort   of  i  <M 

with  sugar.     A   dray  lu«vi.> 

bullock 'team    ready   hamessecl, 

to   start   under  the  charge   of    L. 

watehnuLu. 

Tlie  case  was  oleiir  to  a  eolonial  oy« ;  tfc*; 
white-headed  man  hivd  l»een  down  to  the 
from  his  Bush-farrn  to  aell  hifi  stuffy  and 
returning  with  two  bloo<l  uiaree  piirchaiwd, 
and  two  emigrant  loils  hired  ;  but  what  was 
the  meaning  of  the  baby  ?  We  see  Sftraoge 
things  in  the  buah,  but  a  man -uurse  is  stranut 
even  there. 

Although  they  had  never  met  befo 
white-hefmed  man  almost  immediately 
nifled  Mrs.  C. — ,  for  who  did  not  know  her,  ot 
of  her,  in  the  Busli  T — so  wae  more  «aiiiiiiiuis- 
cative  than  he  otherwise  might  bavo  b 
and  so  he  said, 

*'  You  see  ma'an^  my  hidy,  I  have  only 
on  my  own  place  this  three  years  ;  haTing 
long  fannly,  we  found  it  best  to  diM|)em 
about  where  tlie  l>est  wages  waa  to  be  got. 
We  began  saving  the  first  year,  aomI  my 
dauglitcrs  have  marrie<i  pi-etty'  well,  and  luy 
boys  got  to  know  the  ways  of  the  ocmntrr. 
There's  three  of  thein  married,  ihiuika  to 
your  ladyship;  so  we  thought  we  cvuld  set 
up  for  ourselves.  And  we  'vo  done  i»retty 
tidy*  So,  ns  they  were  all  busy  at  bO'n>e, 
I  went  down  for  the  first  time  to  get  a 
couple  of  maree  and  see  aViut  hiring  aome 
lada  out  of  the  ships  to  help  us.  You  aeo  T 
have  picked  up  two  newish  one«;  1  hAve 
dockea  their  frocks  to  a  useful  length*  AAd  1 
think  Ihev  11  do  after  a  bit ;  thev  ean't  rejid, 
neither  oi  them— no  more  couhl  I  wli<*ti  1 
lirst  came — but  our  teacher,  (she  's  one  my 


f.tt] 


tliesji 
•»n     tlui 

■  uling; 

lie* 

ia>y 

boaiU  the 


missis  had  from  you,)  will  «' 

and    I  *ve  got  a    power    f  i 

dray  ;  I  wish  you  could  he  tlj 

for  it  being  my  lit«t  visit,  1  w 

thing  for  all  of  them.      But  aboii 

is  a  curious  jr»b.     When  I  went 

ship  to  hire  my  shepherds,  I  looked  out  for 

some    of   my    own    country  ;    and    while    I 

was  asking,  1  heard  of  a  poor  woman  whose 

husbaxul  had  been  drowned  in  a  drunken  lit 

on  the  voyage,  that  was  lying  very^  ill,  with 

a  young  babby,  and  not  likely  to  live. 

"  Something  made  me  go  to  see  her ;  she  had 
no  friends  on  board,  she  knew  no  one  in  th« 
colony.  She  started,  like,  at  my  voice  ;  on^ 
woitl  brought  on  another,  when  it  cam^  out 
slie  was  the  wife  of  the  son  of  my  graatoet 
enemy. 

•'  She  had  been  hia  father's  servant,  and 
married  the  son  seci-etly,  WTien  it  waa 
found  ont,  he  had  to  leave  the  oountry; 
thinking,  that  once  in  Australia,  the  &ther 
would  be  recondled.  and  the  busineta  th«t 
put  her  husband  in  aang«r  might  be  sattlad. 


CkarlM  ^kkcBfe.] 


DEGREE  DAY  AT  CAMBRIDGE 


491 


* 


For  this  son  was  a  wild,  wicked  mait,  Wi\rse 
than  the  father,  but  with  thoee  look;*  aiid  ways 
that  take  the  heArts  of  poor  laases.  Well,  us  we 
tfUked,  *Dd  I  qtieslioned  her — for  she  did  not 
iei?m  so  ill  as  they  had  told  me — ahe  V-  -  ■"  ^-^ 
ftsk  me  who  I  wna,  and  T  did  not  wai 

when  1  hpsitfihd.  «ihc  guessed,  atid  c 

*  Whftt,  J I  .  ia  it  thee  !  *— ami 

thai  she  h  ;md  vcre^kiued,  and  ^^ 

off  quite  Ujfhi-hiMuiad,  and  never  came  to  hvi- 
Musea  ubtil  she  died. 

**  So,  as  there  was  no  one  to  care  for  the 
poor  littlo  babhy,  and  as  we  had  such  a  lot  at 
Loiiie,  'what  Mith  luy  own  children  aud  my 
^^ndclnldren,  I  thought  one  more  would 
make  no  oddii^  so  the  gentleman  let  me  take  it, 
idUr  I M  8e«u  the  mother  decently  buried. 

*'  You  aee  thia  ft^ediug  *8  a  rery  awkward  job, 
tiia*aai — and  I  've  b^u  five  days  on  the  road. 
Out  I  think  my  misaiit « ill  be  pleaacd  as  much 
H»  witii  the  gown  I  V<*  brought  herJ* 

*•  ^Vhat,"  said  Mr».  C,  **  are  you  the  John 
Bod^ur  that  came  over  in  the  'CoAsandra,' 
—th*'  John  B.  I " 

*'  Ve«j  ma'am/^ 

*•  John,  the  Brute  ]" 

**  Yea  ma^am.     But  I  'xu  altered  aure-/y/' 

"Well,"  continued  John,  "the  poor  woman 
waa  old  Jo«eph  Lobbit«  daughter-in-law. 
Her  hiiaband  had  been  ibmn^^  or  some- 
thing, aud  would  have  been  lagged  if  lie  *d 
fltaid  in  England.  I  don*t  know  but  I 
anight  have  been  aa  bad  if  I  had  not  got  out 
<if  the  cuuntT)'  when  I  diil.  But  there 's  some- 
thing here  in  always  getting  on ;  and  not  luch 
A  «trugj;Ung  aud  i^triviog  that  softena  a  poor 
man's  heart.  Aui  I  trust  what  I've  aone 
fur  thia  poor  bahby  and  its  mother,  may 
excuse  my  brutish  behaviour.  I  could  not 
iieip  thinking  when  I  was  btirying  poor  Jenny 
Ltibbit  (I  aund  her  well,  a  nice  little  laas, 
abotit  ten  yeai-a'old) ;  I  could  not  help  thinking 
aa  she  lay  in  a  nice  cloth  covered  coffin,  aiid 
a  beautiful  stone  cut  with  her  name  and  age, 
aud  a  text  on  her  grave  ;  bow  different  it  ia 
even  for  poor  people  to  be  buried  here.  Oh, 
ma'am  !  a  man  hke  me  with  a  long  family 
can  moke  a-bead  here,  and  do  a  bit  of  good 
for  othew  woi-ae  off.  We  live  while  we  five  ; 
when  we  die,  we  are  buried  with  decency. 
I  rcm*i'il..M  when  my  wife's  mother  died, 
the  1 1  rs  were  so  cross,  and   the 

board'  liin  barely  stuck  together,  jmd 

it  was  tcrriblt;  cold  weather,  too.  My  Carrj' 
tiaed  to  cry  about  it  uncommonly  all  the 
winter.  The  swella  may  say  what  they  like 
attont  it,  but  I  *ll  l>e  blessed  if  it  be*ent  worth 
all  the  voyagL^  to  die  in  it.*' 

Nui  many  days  afterwards  Mi-a.  C.  saw 
Jolm  at  home,  surrounded  by  an  army  of  sons 
and  daught«r8  ;  a  patriardi,  and  yet  not 
aiity  years*  old ;  tne  grandchild  of  his 
greatest  enemv  the  greatest  pet  of  the  fiunily. 
^  In  my  mlud' a  eye  there  ai'e  tometimea  two 
fnetmres.  Jolm  Bodger  in  the  workhouse, 
tUinking  of  murder  and  fire-raising  in  the 
ta^OMnee  of  his  prosperoua  enemy  |  and  John 


Bodger,  in  hi«  happy  bu^h  home,  nursing  little 
Nancy  Lobbit 


At  Duimo" 
hands.      The  > 
rebuilt  th  ■  t- 
now,  weiii 


lives*,  he 
Childless 


cheerless  and  without  hope. 


■  I  >"    1^     I « I''    w  I uinr, 

he  dreamod  ;  on  one 

,  iik.l     .-i  i.Lilw.'iv  has 

but 

.,ajid 

!  e,  a  h^e  oi    shame. 

he  fiiture  is,  to  him, 


CHIPS. 

PEQREE  DAY  AT  CAMBK11H3K. 

NoNk  ]>u\  tlMs-'  who  have  Lv.n  ,-.lri,':it<«d  at 
Cam'  Ity  undersi!  ydie- 

meii!  -  ^thatohl  i  town 

on     "  Df gi  ee    iMy.**      Grad  i  j 
iilv>»t  the  hfvnour  of  their  re,^j 

I  creilit   as   tutura  ;   undurgra- 

'  for  theii'  friends'  sueceaa,  aa 

projui-ito   oi  rii  '      holoTi, 

dread i«L',  vet  iHsrwe 

for 

t.v  ,i   bv 


>ro]ui'"ito   oi  rii 

'reading,  yt?t 
whicli  sliall  dt . 
gooil  or  for  evil 

feelilV'!*      nf     l.|.,-Jll      il:  |-»>!1- 

nect' 

the   . 

curiosity,  tV.r  the  Fnday  niofuiug's  liJSt.     I'his 

is  hun;^  within  the  f^iifl1*»  H^tis^''  tipon  one  of 


IC**<,1 

>'   hn 


\  the  pillars  that  s«] 
'is  BUpiwsed  to  be  j 
'Senior  Mo<lenitor  at   tJi 
It  is  true  that  li^  begins  t 
taneoualy  with  the  or  - 
almost  before   he   it 
luumi-t,  lu*  iH  -^wiapt  La..„ 
resist  I  of  men  \\ 

aoene  .'<n  ;  the-  - 

ing,ou  Ih* 
discomfit  V 
about- 
catcli 

some  one   who,  lor   a   i,, 
aoceas  to   the  suspended 
efforts  of  indivr^-  ^-  ' 
from  the  crow 
intelligence  whu..  ^..  _.  :...  ...j 

powers  of  description  at  defiance. 

At  Cambridge,  the  examination  for  Mathe- 
matical Honours  takea  place  but  once  a  year — 
in  January,  when,  upon  an  average,  about 
one  hundred  and  ten  men  pass  creditably. 
Their  nam<«  ar»*  divided  into  thn?e  claaaea, 
Wraii  '  Optlmea,  and  Junior  Oj>- 

time-  tSB,  are  aminged  in  order 

of  men  i  i  t  I  ij « j^i  t'lace  among  the  Wranglers, 
the  Senior  Wrangler  a8  it  Ih  t^Traed,  is  the 
ver^*  bigheat  honcmr  which  the  University  can 
l>eet/>w ;  he  who  earns  it,  maj  indeed  be  proud 
of  his  position.  These  three  classes  complete 
the  Friday  moming^s  hat ;  the  hubbub  attend- 
ant upon  tta  publication  soon  subsides ;  aud  the 
quieter  businees  of  mutual  congratulation  and 


and 

the 

'   AM. 
lOUl* 

Mii?>,  but, 

the   fii-8t 

I  by  the 

in.     Tlie 

iiid  crush- 

;  the  complete 

id  gowns ;  the 

oa  each  man 

a  fri»?nd,  from 


..._.. ^i 


letter-writing,  takes  ita  place.  In  the  evening 
of  the  sjiuitf  ddv,  is  made  knovni  the  list  of 
suceeasful  eaiulicLates  for  ordlnar}'  degrees ;  this 
llBt  contains  about  one  hundred  and  uLxtv  names, 
aud  U  iilso  divided  intci  three  classes  ;  but  in 
these  the  names  are  arranged  alphabetically, 
in  order  to  ttike  away  all  appeariince  of  honour. 

But,  the  morrow  in  the  true  "  Degree  Day." 
At  ten  o'clock,  tlie  Senate  House  doora  are 
thrown  open,  and  ita  beautiful  hall  is  speedily 
filled  witu  a  moat  brilliant  aaaemblage.  Along 
the  aides,  and  far  into  the  body  of  the  room, 
are  Uera  of  gaily  dressed  ladies  ;  fair  faces 
fill  a  portion  of  tne  galleries ;  caps  and  gowns 
innumerable  take  possession  of  the  remainder ; 
while  the  floor  is  occupied  by  Doctors,  Masters 
of  Arts,  &C.,  in  their  various  dressea  ;  and  last, 
not  least,  the  heroes  of  the  day,  or,  as  they  are 
called,  Incepting  Bachelors,  wearing  tlieir  pic- 
turej*cjue  hoods.  The  ceremony  of  conferring 
the  degrees  is  somewhat  long  and  tedious  ;  but, 
omitting  details,  it  may  be  observerl  that  each 
man  is  led  up,  Ijy  the  proper  officer  of  his 
CoUege^  to  the  Vice-Cliancellor  of  the  Uni- 
versity, who  sits  in  state  at  the  head  of  the 
hall — and  that  he  retiinia,  a  Bachelor  of  Arts. 

The  Senior  Wrangler  has  the  distinguished 
honour  of  receiving  his  decree  before  any 
proceedings  are  taken  with  hia  less  successful 
rivals  j  the  deafening  and  universal  applause 
which  thereupon  brealts  forth  from  all  parts 
of  tiie  building,  ia  almost  overpowering  iu  its 
heijrtfelfc  ojtnieatneaa  ;  it  is  a  worthy  tribute 
to  youthful  talent  and  perse vei*ance,  and  goes 
fai'  to  reward  the  h'ij^py  student  fur  hia 
years  of  toil  and  drudgery. 


A   WELSU   WEDDING. 

The  ancient  festivities  connected  with  mar- 
riase  are  still  retained  in  the  niiid  parts  of 
Wwes.  %\TieB  the  flay  for  that  ceremony  has 
been  fixetl,  "  bidding  papers  "  are  dispatclied 
to  all  friends,  within  possible  distance.  The 
Squire  generally  finds  one  laid  on  his  table, 
and  usually  re8i>ond3  to  the  pecuniary  ptn't  of 
the  invitation.  The  following  b  a  speciiueu 
of  one  of  these  papers  : — 

"  CAiuiA^RrnsjismaB,  Nov.  l&th,  1850. 
"As  we  intend  to  enter  the  MAiaiMoxLAL 
State,  on  Wednesdat,  the  4th  day  of  Det^cmber 
next,  we  are  encouraged  by  our  Frionda  to  make 
a  CmoTXQ  on  the  wxnsion,  the  some  day,  at  the 
Young  Woman's  Brother's  House,  at  which  time 
snd  pIsM  the  favour  of  your  verv  good  and  moct 
agroeablo  company  ia  respectfully  solidted ;  and 
whatever  donation  you  may  be  pleased  to  bestow 
on  ua  then,  will  be  thank  fally  received,  warmly 
•icknowlcdged,  and  cheerfully  repaid,  whenever 
'Gsllad  for  on  a  similar  occasion, 

*•  By  your  moat  obedient  Servants, 
*'  Dxvm  PtuoK, 

**  EUZABETH  JovtS, 

*'  The  Yomig  Man,  with  hia  Brother  and  Sister 
(Richard  and  Mary  Prico)^  desire  that  all  giftts  of 
the  above  nature  duo  to  them  be  returned  to  tho 
Young  Woman  on  the  above  day,  and  will  be 


'en  I 


thankful,  together  with  his  Uadc,  and  hm  Bco- 
tbers-in  law  and  Sisters,  BAd  their  Wives,  for  all 
additional  favours. 

"  The  Yoxmg  Woman   and  her  8ist«r    <^- 
Jonea)  desire  that  all  gifts  of  the  abov©  n 
due  to  them  be  rBturoed  to  the  Yoting  Woiiiwn 
on  the  above  day,  md  will  be  thankful,  together 
with  her  Brothers  amd  Sistora-in-law,   aud    ha 
Uncles  and  Aunts,  for  all  fiivouis  granied.** 

As  soon  as  the  heroine  of  the  day 
her  appearance  in  bridal  array  among 
assembled  guests  at  her  father's  hoii^e, 
friends  proceed  to  hide  her  in  the  m 
unattainable  place  possible.  Should  i 
dwelling  not  afford  such  acoommodatioD,  t 
cow-house  and  stables  are  invaded,  or  ev 
neighbour's  domicile.  When  hidden, 
is  given  to  the  bridegroom's  chosen  re 
sentatives,  who  are  four  or  five  in  n 
they  advance  to  the  door,  and  de 
ftur  prize  from  her  father.  The  bride*s 
s|>oke5mcn  reply  to  those  outside.  All 
stock  of  vfii  possessed  by  either  party  ia 
fhiuiged,  amidst  general  hilarity,  until  tl 
claimants  are  admitted  to  seek  the  lost 
Sometimea,  she  is  so  hopelessly  concealed,  .. 
time  creeps  mocct  alarmingly  near  twel 
When  matters  assume  this  serious  aspe' 
some  kind  friend  is  foimd  to  act  as  guide,  ax 
she  is  found,  amidst  universal  accuunatioiis. 
The  bride^s  perils  are,  by  no  means,  over ; 
for,  instead  oi  going  quietly  to  church,  where- 
the  bride^oom  has  been  waiting,  hia  dele- 
ptes  make  an  attack  upon  her  appoint^ 
bcKl3'-<^iard.  The  poor  gyl  often  gets  very 
rough  haQiUiDg,  between  the  coraba 
and,  should  the  opposing  one  be  vict 
slie  is  airried  off  to  some  place  of  com 
mi  til  again  rescued.  When,  at  last, 
reaches  the  church  gate,  her  betrothed 
forward,  attende<i  by  two  girls,  determi 
ajrparentty,  to  make  the  mi^st  of  hia  last  uj»- 
fetlered  minutes.  He  then,  having  shaken 
hands  with  hi."?  future  fathcr-in-Iaw,  receivea 
and  conducts  his  bride  to  the  altar. 

The  instant  the  ceremony  is  over  and  the 
names  registered,  a  furious  scene  of  racing 
commences — veiy  dangerous  at  a  ''horso 
wedding."  The  fleetest  courier  wins  the  pint 
of  ale  awarded  to  the  bearer  of  the  first 
intelligence  from  church  to  those  at  home. 

On  the  Jirrival  of  the  new  couple  they  nro 
seated  at  a  table,  each  holding  a  plute  for  thdi 
reception  of  *'  bidding  money  ; "  and  Ixsside 
them  a  friend  with  a  little  booL  in  wliich  ara 
entered  the  names  of  the  lenders,  and  the 
amount — for  the  promise  to  i-cturn,  in  kind, 
m  taken  au  pitd  de  la  itttre.  The  debt  Is 
strictly  one  of  honour,  and  if  not  repaid  on 
the  maiTiage  of  the  creditor,  is  sure  to  be 
demanded.  This  ceremony  over,  the  bride 
retires  to  change  her  dress — or  make  some 
alterations  in  it — and,  on  her  return,  attends 
upon  her  guests.  A  table  is  laid  out  with  a 
very  simple  cold  colhition — breatl,  cheese,  lind 
Itutter — of  which  all  partake,  who  choose. 
This  m&y  seem  but  poor  hospitality,  espedalty 


1 


Clurfn  0Mltti4.] 


SAINT  VALENTINE, 


403 


vrheu  we  add  that  the  beer  and  ale  are  sold  to 
the  giiests  ;  but,  any  i-eiuler,  who  ktio^v^  the 
povertjr  of  the  WekU  peasantry,  and  their  sim- 
ple hablta.  will  find  excuse  suAcient.  The  beer 
18  mipplied  by  the  younc  woman's  father,  and 
the  profits  form  part  of  her  dower. 
^  Drinking  is  kept  up^until  a  late  hour,  amid 
nnging  and  music.  Welsh  voceU  melodies  are 
generally  rather  ^liamal.  Few  get  beyond 
pealms,  which  ai*e  pretty  enoufjh,  aet  to  Ar^hyd- 
y-noa,  ^,,  but  mitiouai  psahii()dy  partake  very 
much  of  the  cow-killing  tune  of  ^neral  noto- 
riety. Dancing  is  often  indulged  in.  When 
the  bride  retires  to  rest,  if  a  wary  woman,  she 
investigat^a  t!ie  aminij ement^  of  her  bed-room, 
for  her  friends  consider  it  their  duty  to  con- 
clude the  amusementa  with  a  practical  ioke. 
A  melancholy  cataatrophe  is  said  toKave 
been  the  F^ult  of  one  of  these  practical  jokes. 
On  the  afteruoou  of  a  wediUngnhiy,  what  was 
supposed  to  have  been  a  dead  vii)er  was  put 
into  the  bride's  bed.  Her  husband,  on  joining 
her,  found  her  a  corpse !  The  \iper  la}'  in 
her  bosom,  with  its  hea<l  elevated  to  her 
mouth.  She  had  not  been  etung,  but  had 
died,  it  was  thought,  from  fear. 


SAINT  VALENTINE. 

I  THINK  if  old  Saint  Yaleatine  but  knew 

The  way  hiH  fite  day  now  'b  commemorated  ; 

And  if  the  Rtnutge  produetioaB  met  his  view 
That  Idl  our  picture-shops,  at  auy  rate  he  'd 

Be  miicli  amused,  and,  no  doubt,  manrel  too, 
At  fame  bo  sui^y  scarce  anticipated— 

A  fimie  aa  great  as  any  of  the  sages 

Of  Greece,  or  Rome,  or  of  the  Zkliddle  Ages. 

I  wonder  what  his  Saintahip  hod  to  do 

With  flaming  heorta,  or  with  the  cooing  dove, 

With  little  bowa  and  arrows,  and  the  true 
Entangled  lover's  knot  (fit  type  of  love)  ; 

With  chubby,  flying  Cupids,  peeping  through 
The  leaves  of  roses,  or  through  clouds  above. 

Daintily  sketched  on  paper,  with  tooo  odgM, 

To  bo  perhaps  of  timid  love  the  pledges. 

The  SftO^  Nine,  by  many  s  youthful  poet. 
Are  now  inyoked,  and  many  a  wiwte*!  quire 

Of  cream-laid  note-paper  will  serve  to  ehow  it, 
Covored  with  scraps  of  wild  poetic  fire. 

And  btirstB  of  eloquence  I     No  doubt  you  know  it, 
f^  obssrvation,  or  experience  dire. 

WhiA  crooked  stansas  inll  be  pcrpetmted 

By  Bards  and  BhymestsrB  uninitiated  1 

ey  11  scarce  improve  upon  the  doggrel  verse. 

That  tella  of  **  roses  red  and  violet*  blue  ;  *' 
And  ends  by  saying  in  a  style  most  terse. 

That  the  "  carnation's  sweet,  and  bo  i\re  you." 
I  have  seen  modem  rhymes  that  ore  much  worse. 

But  then  I  have  soen  better,  it  is  true ; 
Exquisite  songs  and  sonnets  bright  and  pure, 
The  gems  of  miostrelsy  and  hterature. 

^Jtow  many  hearts  are  throbbing  with  emotion, 
I     How  many  eyes  are  sparkling  with  love-light, 
f  As  loving  words  are  read ;  and  what  comwoUou 
When   poebneo    knock!    What    iU-oonoeoIed 
delight, 


^An. 


When  tliese  mysterious  tokens  of  derotion. 

Tinted  and  scented  meet  the  dear  one  s  sight  \ 
But    I  ni    on    dangerous    ground    and     rather 

blundering, 
Sk>  1 11  return  to  where  I  left  oflf  wondering. 

Wondering  about  Saint  Valentine  s  connection 
With  all  this  sort  of  thing  so  uumonastiCp 

Suggesting  something  like  a  dereliction 
Prom  the  prescribed  high  roads  ecdeaiaBtic, 

Twould  seem  his  heart  was  in  the  wrong  direction. 
And  for  an  ancient  Bishop  far  too  plastic  ; 

He's  certmnly  the  Cupid  of  Tlxeology^ 

Rivalling  the  rosy  boy  of  Old  Mythology. 

Perha|>8  he  had  a  taate  for  wedding-cake, 
Or  oran^  blossoms  in  a  white  chip  bonnet ; 

Perhaps  the  marriage  fees  he  liked  to  Lake  ; 
At  least  ho  never  did  (depend  upon  it), 

Treat  marriage  like  St.  F^oul,  who  seemed  to  mnkt 
A  point  of  throwing  ioe^Kild  water  on  it. 

I  wonder  whether,  too,  he  wrote  epistles, 

Or  spent  his  time  illuminating  minrinln  1 

If  he  did  write  at  all,  it  was  a  lecture 

On  love  I  think,  or  something  of  the  kind ; 

And  much  lees  calculated  to  correct  your 
FoUics  and  foibles,  than  distract  your  mind : 

But  this  is  only  founded  on  coigecture. 
For  not  a  line  of  his  can  I  yet  find, 

Though  I  liave  i>earchcd  through  many  darksoma 
pages 

Of  the  Church  HistVy  of  the  Middle  Ages. 

And  there  I  read,  that,  in  the  Eternal  City^ 
Now  nearly  one  thousand  liz  hundred  yeora  aga* 

Siunt  Valentme,  the  subject  of  my  ditty. 

Was  doomed  to  death  by  Claudius  Ctosar,— so 

Our  Saint  was  martyred  !— what  a  dreodfW  pity  1 
What  it  was  for,  I  don't  cxaetly  kuow, 

(ffe  didn't  know  perhaps) ;  indeed  his  histoiy 

Benukios  to  me  a  most  intricate  mystery. 

Long  live  thy  mem'cy.  Great  St  Talaitine  f 
SUll  lend  thy  ancient  name  to  lovers'  hkys. 

And  with  thy  spirit  animaie  each  hno. 
And  still  nmy  poets  oelsbnte  thy  praise, 

And  yearly  help  to  make  thai  name  of  thine 
"  Familiar  in  our  mouths,'*  ns  Shakespeare  says* 

"As  Household  Words-*'— {This  wish  is  loyal  too. 

For  Vaieatines  increase  the  Revenue) 


THE  KABTYES  OF  CHANCERY. 

SECOND  ABTICLE. 

Stdkkt  Smith,  with  his  wise  wit,  remarked 
that  there  never  waa  a  great  abus^  brrnight  to 
light  in  England,  but  there  certainly  arose 
some  men  prepai-ed  to  contend  not  only  thAt 
it  was  no  abuse  at  all,  but  that  it  was  some- 
thing to  be  admired,  and  glorified,  and  boasted 
alx>at.  Such  folks  are  tender,  we  presume, 
even  of  the  Court  of  Chancery. 

On  the  7th  of  Deceml^er  we  publiahetl  iux 
article  bearing  the  above  title.  It  was  a  state- 
ment of  &ots,  respecting  certain  indiviiliials 
imprisoned  in  the  Queeu^  Bench  by  the  Court 
of  Chancery,  for  contempt  of  its  decrees.  A 
month  afterwards,  a  letter  ap])e&red  in  the 
Times  newspaper,  the  object  of  which  was  to 
deny  the  truth  of  the  hiAorietUs  we  published  \ 


I 


^ 


^ 


to  prove  tliAt  the  Court  of  ChaJuxiT>'  is  blmue* 

Ict,^  ill  ^ii.li  rnitrrrs:  and  tlukt  Chanc«ry  pri- 
li^.i  ated  by  that  Court  in 

the  ^  '        'UIQ 

"  Sk>  pleaded  wtUi  ruin  and  in  lore  vilhjailf*' 

tliftt  'Mi  iifficuity"  always  has  been 

to  tear  y  I'l-om  their  bdoved  cells! 

This,  we  bt'lievi',  was,  more  than  onoe^  the 
case  ill  the  ll.'ujt  ille  of  Old  Fhiuce,  alao. 

"\\1i<}u  the  Mi-et  FriMO  iraa  cl«ikrod."  mys 
Sir  Edwwi  Bu^vleu.  in  ttii«  l«fet«r  to  the  TimeB» 
*'tho  givat  difl5c«U>  w*a  to  oompol  the  pri- 
Bonere  to  leaT©  lh«  priaon«  They  ftllod  the 
office  of  cook,  hoC«Mc«op«n  *0»»  •ttd  it  was 
abs<)hit«ly  ncceaBar>\  when  their  iwste  bud  b«pn 
paid  for  thera,  anil  their  discharges  obUiaed* 
u>  tui-u  thciu  out  of  the  Fleet;  and  eome,  aftor 
hAviiig  bcflti  Bent  coinfortably  home  to  their 
fid«&i£^  mturned  nJCter  a  time,  ondt  icnocklng  at  tlie 
Fleet  gatea,  begiG^  to  W%  F&«duutted  f  Que  itvaa 
vrho  liad  a  lar.:  1  ich  ho  let  out  in  lodgiugB, 

rbsorted  to  m-  -ncea  to  remain  in  piisou. 

and  whpp  ■■•^  .^  uiachai-gc  was  obtained  in 

epitc  of  1  o,  ftovettd  ddtninerf!  for  debt 

were   lu'  r    him.   wMeh   upon   inquiry 

turtiod  out  U_.  ■'  h  persDUS  na 

the  uttomcys  ■  found*     Ho 

contrived  to  ri'i  11  ui'  i  coneiderable 

time  longer,  (uid,  w  I  <  <♦,  was  found 

tio  hflvo  omoffifd  i\  i  n  of  money. 

Nor  is  tlUi  to  bo  wouderxnl  at,  considering  bow 
long  many  of  them  had  been  tliete,  and  that,  iu 
fiict,  it  had  become  tkciv  fiomc  t " 

It  would  seem  to  be  nearly  impoiwible, 
according  to  Sir  Edward  Sugdeira  plea^  for 
any  Chancery  prisoner  to  i-isiiiain  long  in 
pnsoD,  except  from  hi*  own  wilfulness.  Sir 
Edwtird  Stigclen,  to  bia  honour,  divined,  in 
183(\  chapter  36  of  I  William  IV.  He  aaya 
of  it  ;— 

•'  The  object  of  that  act  was  to  lender  Jt  im- 
potsdble  for  any  man  to  be  dotained  in  prison  for 
contonipt  froui  poverty  or  ignorance,  and  to 
cauhlo  every  man,  by  pacing  hia  debts  aa  JEor  a^he 
could,  to  obtain  hia  liberty.  For  this  pturjvosc  the 
4iot  prondeii  thai  every  {i^reou  ahall,  within  thirty 
days,  bo  brought  to  tlio  I  tar  of  tho  Coiirt  of  Chon- 
ceiy  for  his  contempt  or  tu  defoult  thereof  the 
gaoler  is  at  once  to  discharge  him  out  of  cuj^tody 
without  ptaynient  of  the  cofita  of  contempt,  which 
ar«  to  be  paid  by  the  p«ncm  who  issued  tlw  pi-o- 
oeaa.  This  waa  an  effectual  remedy  againit  the 
abuse  of  laaviug  a  poor  man  to  die  in  a  county 
kmL  The  act  then  nrovidoe^  that  if  a  person 
Ming  brought  before  the  Court  ihall  tni^e  oath  m 
court  that  ho  \&  unable,  by  reaeon  of  poverty,  to 
employ  a  soUcitor  to  put  in  his  answer,  the  Court 
lUAv  a|»{^)iiit  a  solicitor  and  counsel  for  him  to  put 
in  his  answer,  nud  may  pay  the  coats  out  of  the 
BuiturB*  fund.  This,  therefore,  fully  provided  for 
the  ]>ooT  man.  The  act  then  providea  for  avisita- 
laon  by  one  of  tho  Miusters  of  the  Court  of  Chon- 
oery  of  the  I''Ie«t  every  three  mouths,  who  ia  to 
OTainiiw  tiM  pritonera  Ua  contempt  and  report  on 
tbeir  reflpcothre  omm  to  the  Court,  and  the  Court 
iftnif  ia  auAlloriiBd  to  diroot  the  ooata  of  the  oon- 
tMnpt  of  every  sitdli  pnMOer  to  be  paid  out  of  the 


Buitorv'  fimd,  and  to  aaftign  a  itoltcitor  ntul  couQeal 
to  Buch  prisoner  f-r  puttsnc:  iii  In^  nin*;'w«?r  aad 
defending  him  in  /<•  '  any 

such  priaoner,  hav i  u  •• 

the  Court  ehoJl  direct,  vo  oo  ai5cij n ("j^u«i    uut  Otj 
custody." 

Thii  thorough  i  *  '  ' 

eonera,  provider 

6Te&t  who  are  adilicTeu  muh  .>  uiurtntt  iww 
oonflBemeot : — 

"The  act  1  '    fiirtheif ;  for  in  ( 

oiiBe  of  comv  •■    conteoipt  not 

providtil  for.  l...  .....  uiay  di*chai^ ' ' 

upon  such  tcrrniti,  liud  making  any  ooi4 

aa  the  ('•  ui  t  may  deem  prr>^>cr. 


\i\\\ 


m  not  tho  lei 
contempt  p; 
chaiige  y. 
to  tnai 

pulaorilj.    •    .:--'- ,^.- 
from  custody." 

Notliing  can  bo  plainer, 
more  smnmary.    "There 
fionera,"  savs  Sir  Edward  ^ 
"of  whoBC  liliierty  the  law  \&  au  tr  nuct*  ' 
Ejectment  Act  reaches  the  priaoner,  wh 
he  be  poor,  or  ignorant  of  liia  oHeaot, 
love  with  impriBonment, 

If  SlrEdwani  :'      '        "       ! 
hid  argajmenta,  h 
ag}unst    ua ;    bnU   ui< 
last,  he  viaited  the  < 
*'  I  fbond/'  he  iiarratt'i.    , 
for  oootempt !  *'     The  dm 
conunittali,  he  addtt,  range  ;  • 
and  a  few  ftoni  that  y«ar  lo  I.m- 
The  fact  of  twenty-four  perswis  ^' 
prison  for  contempt,  in  bj 
Sugden's  **xoell<iut  Act,  c 
mMCea  in  direct  coutm*!:- 1  i   i 
that  "the  Tonrfc  of  C'liui  ii.    :i|n 
free  fi^m  all  blAmc^  a*  ret; 
provimons  of  the  jvxvr,  unw 
and  eyen  aa  reganla  the  u..,w,.... 
honejt  debtor." 

The  Wee  of  Sir  Edwart)  Sul'^I.-ii*'*  plea  fa 
the   Imm.iculate,  is    simp'  Ue 

founds  the  law  with  ita  a  <  -r. 

borrows  the  luatre  of  hia  own  8i. 
ua  to  the  nial-ttdminiatration  of  i 
of  Cliaiicer>'.     The  truth  ih 
Stigdeu'a   Act   ia  nearly   n 
present    condition    of    th 
Brougham) ;  of  that  "acoirt 
(the  Vioe-Chancellor  Knighi  ....■.,,  v,, 
arena   of  torture   **in   which  Die    lUili 
suitor  i«  toeaed  iix>m  judge  to  maBt<:r,  and 
master  to  judge,  oden  terminating  the 
by  despair,  insolvency,  and  derah  "  (Mr. 
misaioner   Fane);   that   sy  h    "  nc 

merely  operates  to  delay    i  at  gi' 

rise  to  fraud  and  oppreniou^'   i^Lurd  Lafig^j 
dale)  ;   by  whose  decrees    "  eat-ate«    are    rU 
stroyed,  according  to  law"  ( Vice-Chan cellor] 
Shadwell). 

Were  the  High  Court  of  Ch.'Uiwry   tkej 
purest  and  prcMipteit  fount  of  justice,  on  thiai 


Sllfiot-I 


THE  MAltTYRS  OF  CHANCERY. 


4M 


Mr.  Knight  Bruce ;   M-hibt   Lofd 
came    into    a    residuary   legacy 


»iclt?  of  Lord  Brougliam's  Hftdie,  the  pronnonfi 

,yf  «k..  <i.  n?^!!  Act,  if  earned  out^  w^'"^ '  ^'"* 

I  I    Ainoiiut  of  lewnre,  gi 

t-  ;  .  which  the  High  Court  of  L  ..  .: 

would  not  probably  hftTe  the  power  to 
bestow.  In  January  last,  a  nightmare  of  ar- 
rears sat  upon  the  Lord  Chancellor,  of  eighty- 
two  appeaJs  ;  the  Master  of  the  RolU  was 
haunted  by  fonr  undelivered  judgmenta  anil 
one  hundred  and  twenty-five  "matt^ra  of  all 
Horte"  undisposed  of.  Five  bumlred  and 
twenty-eight  "  matters  of  all  aorts  "  in  arrears 

( 

ol  udred  and  twenty-one  '*  matters  of 

all  BOrta"  then  to  be  deaJt  with*  These 
ftrrenrs  go  on  increasing!  The  MaBtera  in 
Chiiueery,  whose  alternate  duty  it  ia  to 
viflit  the  priflonSj  four  times  a  year,  to  iu- 
r<  -  '  ich  prisoner's  caae  (which  haa  per- 

I I  1 1  h  rou^h  four  Bueceasi ve  reigns),  are 
*1  1  king  har der  than  day  laboure re. 
'J  t  of  two  extra  Vice-Chancel- 
'                           I  >er  cent,  additioiuil "  references 

Yet,  no  additional  maaterB 
-J  .J.  Suli«equently,  the  working 
of  the  Joint  Stock  Companies  Winduig-im 
Act  WW  thrown  on  the  same  ahouWers,  it 
haa,  therefore,  happened  that,  with  the  ordi- 
nary avenues  to  Chancery  justice  thus  choked 
up,  the  lu-ovisiona  of  Sir  Edward  Sugdtm's 
measure  nave  not  been  complied  with,  upon 
his  own  thowtng,  in  at  lenat  twenty-four  cascfi. 
The  coae  of  a  gentleman,  who  attracted 
public  attention  about  Christmaa,  by  faia  dia- 
cfaarge  from  the  Queen'n  Bench  and  a  aubae- 


cpient  1 
it  is  t ; 


ilnl'if  iK>'  in  intoxication^  explains  how 
ry  prisoners  become  eo  much 
mon*  to  prison    walla   than   mere 

priaouei-^  im  debt  Sir  Edwait!  Sugden  tells 
11%  that  this  man  waa  committed  in  1835,  hut 
that  his  contempt  waa,  in  effect,  purged  in 
1837,  Here,  were  two  years'  isolation  firom 
fiiends  and  connexlona,  to  the  severance  of 
every  tie,  to  the  destruction  of  every  chance 
of  livelihood  without  the  walls.  Meanwhile, 
he  had  found,  perhaps,  means,  by  industry 
within  the  walls,  to  earn  money :  iin>l  <  i>»iHctcd 
to  *>e  released.     His  cottnael,  i'  :,  at 

hi9t,  for  Ilia  emancipation,  said  hi  nued 

in  custc»dy  so  long,  "from  ignorance,  and 
the  oversi<:^ht  of  those  who  tisited  the  prison 
r.  I  ward  Sngden's  Act."  Sir  E<lward 
at  it  was  of  no  nae  for  the  Court 
1  tempt  to  be  pni^etl,  been  I 
r  I  f 'rs  for  t.l  ebts  Why  of  no  i 
liL  diacli!ir<^^»?d  the  contempt,  u-^  n 
r  t'    that   the   ei^ditora  might  have 

«  ntmi  under  the  compolsiory  clause 

Ml  Act,  and  obtained  his  assets  ? 
1'  I   A.  r  to  such  a  suggestion  would 

nalundiy  ha  -  '  . ,  n  Sir  E<lwaiNj  Sueden's 
answer  to  th^  •    ii\ .  rse  of  their  case — "  iSo  use. 


*  Uy  "  matters  of  Ul  lortJi,"  la  tiiMat  caums  for  origlxuU 
benrtniC;  ««uaaa  wUIcli  luiving  been  onee  bennl  And  ntemd 
to  (b«  MMtHV  am  to  ba  r^-heasd  upoB  Um  Mutn's  tUpert 
Mi  AirttkM*  iinotloiH ;  KkmpUow  to  «ueli  Etpprta, 
tiam  to  Annan,  PtMi^  DAmurrort,  PeUtlona,  ac 


What  will  it  avail  us,  to  mftke  Sfuoh  an  appli* 
,.,.ii,.,.  t..  t\.,.  In<4a1vent  Court,  against  a 
iitempt  r*  llh  case  was  **»<> 
^  1  ly  rejnjrted  Efty-aix  timea," 
says  Sir  l^dwurd  ;  yet,  it  appears  that  the 
contempt  ha«l  Ihwii  ertectuaUy  satisfied  in 
1837,  and  that  the  merest  fonn  was  only 
neceasitry,  to  discharge  it*  victim  any  day 
afterwards !     How  searcldngly   th*  v 

and  the  court,  must   have  dune   i 
under  Sir  Edward's   Act,   in  their   aav-sut 
\'isitation8  and  their  fi fly-six  reports  I 

Some  seventeen  years  ago,  a  cavaby  officer 
drove  np  to  the  Fleet  Prison  in  great  style. 
He  was  in  contempt,  and  remained  so  for 
five  years.  During  that  time,  his  commission^ 
his  friends,  his  ho{>es,  his  oniinarv  means  oi 
obtainintj  an  existence  *'  oulaide  had  worn 
away.  He  might  have  been  frw  ;  but.  havin?, 
meantime^  kept  life  and  soul  f-  - 

forming  meni:d  offices  for  his  i 
he  preferred  a  auro  crust,  in  gaui.  r.o  an  uucrr- 
tain   sulwiatence  out   of    it.       For   the    last 
twelve  years,  he  has  made  a  living  by  cleaning 
boots  and  shoes ! 

Some  of  the  "twenty-four"  are  similar 
cases.  Even  thv  comfuitUils  tifter  the  passing 
of  the  Ist  William  FV,,  c  36,  engender  the 
same  kind  "fondness  **  for  gaol  life,  A  man  in 
humble  circum^taiiees  is  thrust  into  durance 
for  contempt,  and  remains  long  enough,  in 
spite  of  the  most  vigilant  visitiUiou,  and  the 
qiiicke6t  8\ib«qaent  (Chancery)  nroceedinga, 
to  be  utterly  ruinw!,  from  mere  absence  from 
liis  connexions  and  means  of  livelihood.  Is 
not  he  a  Chancery  martyr  1  Is  it  not  sjieciid 
pleading  to  urge  that,  llecause  tl»e  whole  du- 
ration of  his  confinement  be  not  due  to 
Chancery,  it  was  not  Chancery  that  struck 
him  down,  and  destroyed  him  1 

But,  there  are  cases  in  which  the  old 
ffrievanoe  of  '^Cliauceiy  delays,"  locks  the 
door  upon  the  prisoner  for  years.  We  men- 
tioned, in  our  h  '  '  i  nt  an  individual 
who  had  been  J'ged,  had  been 
confined,  f  '  >i>,  upon  a  mistake. 
Captain  J 1                           rnor  of  the  Queen's 

Prison,  in;     L  ..vard  Sugden,  that  he 

knew  of  u»  i  !  ^  ^\  We  will  now  particu- 
larise the  c..-''.  i>^  :m  instance  how  tlvoroughly 
the  intentions  of  the  Sugden  Act  are  defeated 
by  the  mere  force  of  delay. 

Mr.  George  Pyne  Andrews,  himself  a  soli- 
citor in  the  Court  of  Chancery,  and  Notary 
T\  "  Uc,  residing  in  Birchin  Ltuie,  had  a  di»- 
with  the  owners  of  the  premises  iftj 
winch  he  carried  on  his  business,  and  filed  a' 
bill  in  Chancery  against  them.  In  June  1831, ' 
the  Vice-Chaucellor  decr'f^<i  m 
matter  of  form,  with  c«> 
but  for  such  bar,  he  th»' 
aCTeeraent  with  the  defem 
right  he  sought.  Mr.  An 
the  Lord  Chnncellor,  who  also  decreed  against 
him  ;  subsequentW,  he  carried  his  app«d  to 
the  House  of  Lords,  where  it  at  present  re- 
mains, still  undecided. 


.St.  L 


. :  I  r  J 1  : 


on* 

that 

utifl*s 

;  him  the 
}i]>ealed  to 


496 


HOCSEHOLD  WORDS. 


(CwAmMW  1v 


In  JiuiuAry,  1833,  i^lr.  Andrews  was  at» 
tending  at  the  Recister  Office,  for  settling 
minutea  of  the  order  on  apoeal,  by  appoint- 
ment of  the  Bolidtora  of  the  defendants,  when 
they  caused  him  to  >>e  arreated  there,  on  a 
Middltsex  writ.  Tliia  13,  in  itself,  a  high  con- 
tempt ;  Xiid  ijjersou  of  a  solicitor  being,  while 
in  lui  oliiee  of  the  Court  on  the-  husineaa  of  a 
Huit,  held  sacred.  The  attachment  was  for  one 
hmidred  and  seven  poiin<la  ;  but,  on  the  Hith 
of  the  dame  month,  whilst  the  plaint itf  waa 
preparing  to  ajiply  to  the  Court  for  immediJite 
release,  uu  the  above  jg^ound,  a  discharge,  in 
the  uaual  form,  from  the  Sherilf'jj  Ofiice,  waa 
brought,  and  nUintiff's  libt'mtion  (fr«ely, 
voluntiirily,  ana  unconditioniilly,)  foUowwi, 
In  Mfirch,  the  plaintifl'  was  agaiu  arrested, 
for  the  aarue  costs,  on  a  London  writ,  which 
ran  concurrently  with  tlie  Middlesex  one, 
returnable  at  the  aame  time  aa  the  writ  from 
which  he  had  been  di>5charge\l.  The  prisoner 
petitioned  for  his  dischaige  continually,  until 
July,  IS34,  when  he  got  liiniaeir  brought  up 
before  Loixl  Brouirhani ;  who  i>art  heftnl  liiiu 
in  peraon,  stopiied  him  to  keep  an  olficial  ap- 
poiutment,  and,  soon  afterwards,  went  out  of 
office.  Mr.  Andrews  renewed  this  applica- 
tion, repeatedly,  beiore  the  succeeding  Jjord 
Chancellor,  Lyndlmrst — then,  before  the  ly^rds 
Commiaaionei-a— then,  before  ixml  Chancellor 
Cottenham— next,  before  Lord  Lyudliui'at, 
again — and,  finally,  (several  times)  before 
Lord  Cottenhain.  All  to  no  purpose  ;  until, 
on  the  24th  Becember,  1849,  Mr*  Andrews 


was  set  at  large,  with  all  his  rights   about 
ght*  being,  liberty  to  carry  on 
certaiii  appeals  to  tlie  House  of  Lon\a,  which 


oi'o  still  pending.  He  could  have  been 
liberated  some  time  eai4ier,  had  he  chosen  to 
forego  an  appeal  upon  an  injunction  to  re^ 
stniin  him  iVoni  bringing  an  action  against 
his  opponeuta  fur  false  imprisonment.  This 
he  declined  to  do  ;  for,  by  that  time,  his  iiiin 
bad  been  completed. 

The  inability  of  some  prisoners  to  obt^n 
their  libemtion  by  any  "  acts  or  oonoeasious 
of  their  own,"  is  well  illustrated  by  another 
case  we  previously  stated.  Sur  Edwarti 
Sugden  furnialies  some  notes  made  by  himself 
during  a  recent  visit  to  the  Queen's  Prison. 
The  first  case  he  mentions,  is  that  of  the 
gentleman  committed  for  the  non-transfer  of 
certain  stock,  and  for  not  delivering  up  certain 
deeds ; — ^in  fiuit,  the  unhappy  imlividual  who 
iove«ted  his  legacy  in  Spanish  Bonds.  "  For 
this  case,*'  Sir  Edwanl  remarks,  "  as  matters 
at  present  stand,  there  appears  to  be  no 
remedy."  In  spile  of  Sir  Edward  Sugden^s 
own  statute. 

This  gentleman  then  caimot  liberate  himself 
**  by  any  acts  or  ooncessions  of  hb  own."  We 
apprehend  this  to  be  not  a  solitary  ease.  We 
refieat,  therefore,  that  he  is  in  the  cjatalogue 
of  the  doomed,  and  is  dijomed  accordingly, 
and  cannot  be  restored  to  society. 

Sir  Edward  Sugden  lays  great  stress  on  the 
expressioD  in  our  former  article,  that  there  La 


no  Insolvent  Debtors'  or  Bankrupts*  Court  tO 
release  the  martyr  of  Chanceiy,  There  Lie* 
before  ua  a  letter  to  the  "  Times  "  newspai>er, 
signed  "  George  Stephen  ;'*  the  writer  of  wliicli 
declares  that  ne  was  for  some  tim<  i  "  ^  **^d 
solicitor     to    pau^     Chancery  ^^ 

Amonf,^t  other  things,  he  tells  us 
sometimes    o<:cuiTed    "that    pris 
detained  in  contempt  for  non-pfiynic  n  L 
and,  though  reported   by  the  master  a»  tit 
objects  for  reliet,  bein<;  paupers  not  worth  five 
pounds,  they  were  left  to  i^V>tain  their  disr- 
charge  by  the  Insolvent  Debtors*   Court,  at 
providetl  by  the  act,  but  were  unable  to  re- 
sort to  the  Insolvent  Court  becaus<?  tUat  in- 
volved payment  of  fees  to  the  amount  of  «ix 
pounds.     I)oes  Sir  Edward  Sngdmi  tenii  thuast 
men  "  self-elected  "  martyrs  I 

Great  good  waa^  doubtless,  effected  duri»g 
the  earlier  yeaxs  of  the  oT»'i-^»rioii  *S  Sir 
E^iward  Sugden^s  Act :  and  t*  >  4* 

den,  as  its  author,  we  render  ah  14,* 

tion  ;  hut,  it  is  rather  a  curative  *«iWr  mm* 
chief  done  than  a  preventive  meaaure,  Tht 
[jower  of  tlie  Court  of  Chancery  for  ooiuniiU 
titjg  for  contempt  will,  we  trust,  W  abndirvd. 
There  is  no  reason  whv  the  nou-pa>Tiiettt  of  a 
Chancery  lawyer's  bill,  for  instance^  Bbould 
bring  down  condign  punishment  on  the  hcaxi 
of  the  defaulter,  any  more  tlian  any  olbar 
debt 


A  PRISON  ANECDOTE. 

Ix  the  year  1834,  a  widow  hidy  of  good 
fortune  (whom  we  shall  call  ^Irs.  Newtofi) 
resided  with  her  daughter  in  one  of  th* 
suburbs  nearest  to  the  Metropolis,  They 
lived  in  fashionable  style,  and  kept  aD  aiup& 
establishment  of  acn'auts. 

A  veiy  prt-tty  young  girl,  ninetetin  yomrs  of 

age,  resitieil  in  this  family  in  ^' ■,..-^.-\i  y  ^f 

ladv's-maid.      She    was    tol'  d, 

spoke  witli  grammatioal  con  '  ajj# 

distingtiisliod  by  a  remarkably  geatie  aiKi 
fascinating  address. 

At  that  time  Miss  Newton  wa.s  engaged  to 
be  married  to  one  Captain  Jeuninga,  ll.N.; 
and  Miss  Newton  (as  many  young  ladiea 
in  the  like  circumstances  have  done  before,) 
employed  her  leisure  in  em*  *  '  .j  cam* 
brie,    making  it  up  into  kn  's,   and 

senaing  them  and  other  liui^  ,.i.-.eijts  ul' 
that  description,  to  Captain  Jennings.  Uu- 
happily,  but  very  naturally,  she  made  Cliar- 
lotte  Mortlock,  her  maid,  the  bearer  of  theae 
lender  communications.  The  captain  occupied 
lodg^ings  suite<l  to  a  gentlenoan  of  Btation, 
and  thither  Charlotte  Mortlock  frei^uently 
ref^aired  at  the  bidding  of  her  young  mistress, 
and  generally  waited  (as  lovere  are  generally 
impatient)  to  take  baek  the  captain's  anaweis^ 

A  strange  sort  of  regard,  or  attachment  (it  is 
confidently  believed  to  have  been  guiltleda) 
sprung  up  between  the  captain  and  the  maid  ; 
and  the  captain,  who  would  seem  to  havi> 
deserved  Miss  Newton*B  confidcuoe  aa  littla 


A  PRISON  ANECDOTE. 


497 


N 


as  her  nmiil  did,  cave  a«  pre«enta  to  Charlotte, 
Bome  of  the  embroidered  ofiering^  of  Misa 
Newiou. 

It  hxippeued  that  a  sudden  appoinimetit  to 
the  cotainand  ot"  a  ship  of  war,  took  Captaiu 
Jeuniugs  on  a  trana- Atlantic  voyage.  He 
IumI  not  been  very  long  gone,  -when  the  foU 
lowing  disrcovery  thr*»w  the  family  of  the 
Newtuna  into  a  state  of  intent  agltittion. 

In  ae{(,rch  of  some  missing  article  in  the 
absence  of  her  matd«  Miss  Newton  betook 
herself  to  that  young  wonxan^a  room,  and, 
quite  imsuspiciouBly,  opened  a  trunk  which 
vtAS  lefl  unlocked.  There  ahe  found,  to  her 
horror,  a  number  of  the  handkerchiefs  she  liad 
embroidered  for  her  lover.  The  poaaibUity  of 
the  rval  truth  never  flaahed  across  her  mind  ; 
the  dishonesty  of  Charlotte  seemed  to  be  the 
only  solution  of  the  incident.  **  Doubtless,'* 
she  i*eaiiOued,  *'  the  parcels  had  been  ofjeuetl 
on  their  way  to  C*aptain  Jcunmgs,  and  their 
coiiteuti*  stolen." 

On  the  return  of  Charlotte  Mortlock,  she 
was  charged  with  the  robbery.  Wljat  availed 
the  assertion  that  she  luul  received  the 
handkerchiers  from  the  captain  himself  ?  It 
was  no  defence,  and  certainly  was  not  calcu- 
lated to  soften  the  anger  of  her  mistress.  A 
|>oliceman  was  summoned,  the  unhappy  girl 
was  charged  with  felouy,  underwent  exami- 
nation, was  committed  for  trial,  and,  destitute 
of  wilaesses,  or  of  any  probable  defence,  was 
ultimately  convicted.  The  judge  (now  de- 
ceaaeil)  who  tried  the  case,  was  unsparingly 
denounced  hy  many  philanthropic  lilies,  for 
the  udmiration  he  had  expr^sod  for  the 
weeping  girl,  and  efipecially  fur  his  announce- 
ment to  3ie  jury,  in  passing  sentence  of  one 
vear's  imprisonment  with  hard  labour,  "  that 
lie  would  iwt  transport  her,  since  the  countrj* 
coqM  not  afford  to  lose  such  beauty.'*  It 
was  doubtl(^a,  not  a  very  judicial  remark  ; 
but  an  innocent  girl  wa8»  at  all  eventa,  saved 
from  a  sentence  that  might  have  killed  her. 

Conaigiied  to  the  County  House  of  Cor- 
iWiion,  Charlotte  Mortlock  observed  the  bejit 
possible  conduct — was  modest,  humble,  sub- 
missive, and  industrious — and  soon  gained  the 
good- will  of  all  her  sujjer visors.  To  the 
Governor  ahe  always  asserted  her  innocence, 
and  told,  with  great  umplicity)  the  tale  of 
her  fatal  noasesaion  of  those  dangerous  gifts. 

She  had  been  in  prison  a  few  months,  when 
the  Govenior  received  a  visit  from  a  certain 
old  Baronet,  who  with  ill-dismiised  relutftance, 
and  in  the  blunt  phrasecnogy  which  was 
pecuhar  to  him,  proceeded  to  say,  that  *'a 
prl  named  Charlotte  Morllock  had  quite 
bewiichutl  his  friend  Captain  Jennings,  who 
was  beyond  the  Atlantic  ;  and  that  a  letter 
he  protjuced  would  show  the  smgular  frame 
of  mind  b  which  the  Captain  was,  about  that 
girl" 

Assuredly^  the  letter  teemed  with  ex- 
Y'  ■  f  anguish,  remorse,  and  horror  at 

t  ig  and  api>iirent  ruin  of  *'a  deir 

Luuc-u.jafc  giri,"  the  victim  of  his  senseless  and 


heartless  imprudence.  However,  the  Baronet 
seemed  to  oe  anything  but  tx:»ached  by  his 
friemrs  rhapsodies.  He  talked  much  of 
"  human  nature,"  and  of  ^'  the  weakness  of  a 
man  when  a  pretty  ^rl  was  in  the  case ;" 
but,  in  order  to  satisfy  his  friend*a  mind, 
asked  to  see  her,  that  he  might  write  some 
account  of  her  apiMmi'ance  and  condition, 
Acconlingly,  he  dia  see  her,  in  the  Governor's 
presence.  After  a  few  inappropriate  questioDft» 
he  cut  the  interview  short,  and  went  away, 
nianifestly  disposed  to  account  his  gallant 
friend  a  tool  for  his  excitement. 

The  incident  was  not  lost  upon  the  Governor, 
who  listened  with  increased  fwth  to  the  poor 
girl's  protestationa  In  a  few  months  more 
he  received  a  stronger  confirmation  of  them. 
Apparently  unsatisned  with  the  Baronet's 
services,  Captain  Jennings  wrote  to  another 
friend  of  liia,  a  public  functionary,  formerly  a 
Captain  in  the  i-cnowned  Light  Division  ;  and 
that  officer  iilaced  in  the  Governor's  hanrU  a 
letter  from  the  Captain,  expressing  unbounded 
grief  for  the  di^dful  (ate  of  an  innocent 
young  woman.  "  He  could  not  rest  night  or 
day  ;  she  haunted  his  imagination,  and  yet  he 
was  distant,  and  powerless  to  ser\'e  her." 
His  second  messenger  was  touched  witJi  pity, 
and  consulted  the  Governor  as  to  the  proper 
steps  to  pursue.  However,  \mder  the  un- 
happy circumstances  of  the  case,  Captain 
Jeuuingis  being  so  far  away,  no  formal  docu- 
ment Wing  at  hand,  ajul  the  period  of  the 
poor  girl's  release  being  then  almost  come,  it 
was  deemetl  unadv'Ls;iblt!  to  Uike  :iny  sX^\\ 
C1:iarlotte  Mortlock  fulfilled  the  judgment  of 
the  law. 

She  had  been  carefully  observed,  her  occu- 
pfAtion  ha<l  been  of  a  womanly  chii racier ; 
she  had  never  incurred  a  reproof,  much  leas  a 

Euiiishment,  in  the  prison ;  and  her  health 
a*l  l>een  well  sustained.  She,  consequently, 
auitted  her  sad  abode  in  a  condition  auitable 
for  active  exertion.  Such  asaiBtance  as  could ' 
be  extended  to  her,  on  her  departure,  waij 
afforded,  and  so  she  was  launched  into  the 
witle  world  of  London. 

She  soon  found  herself  penniless.  Happily, 
she  did  not  linger  in  want,  pawn  her  clolhei^ 
(which  were  good),  and  gradually  descend  to 
the  extreme  privation  which  has  assaile<l  so 
many  similarly  circumstanced.  She  revived 
to  ady  and  tmrn  went  to  the  prison  gates. 
Well  attired,  but  deeply  veiled,  so  as  to  defy 
recognition,  she  inquired  for  the  Gc^venior. 
The  gate  i^rter  announced  that  **a  lady" 
desir^  to  speak  to  him.  The  stranger  wna 
shown  in,  the  veil  was  uplifted,  and.  to  the 
Governor's  astonishment,  there  stood  Cliar- 
lotte  Mortlock !  Her  hair  was  neatly  and 
becomingly  arranged  about  her  face  ;  her  dreas 
was  ouiet  and  pretty  ;  and  altogether  she 
looked  so  young,  so  lovely,  and,  at  the  same 
time,  so  modest  and  innocent,  that  the  Go* 
vemor,  per  force,  almost  excused  the  incon- 
stancy (albeit  attended  with  such  fatal  conse* 
quences)  of  Captain  Jennings. 


4^ 


HOtrSEHOLD  WO110S. 


With  miuQy  tears  ihe  acknowledgwl  her  sircfng  beer,  nod  aim  of  ervr  lo  mnnv 


.•md,  then,  there  Vi  nwipes.  Whi 
he  ?  WelJ ;  pleaae  to  take  beer 
malt-liquor  m  eeoenU — 9i  fcnu 
made  out  of  mjut  and  hop».  [r 
wnse,  it  don't  much  nuitter  wi, 
Here  I  may  be  ajiked^  perbivrta,  w I . 
hns  to  do  vrith  beor  f    JSrerrthing. 


crntefiil   obJigations  for  the  considerate  and 

uumKiie  treatment  she  had  received  in  prison. 

She    disclosed  ber   poverty,   and    her  utter 

friend le^iuesfl ;  cx^raased  lier  horror  of  the 

temptations  to  which  »he  was  eipoeed  j  and 

implon?d  the  Governor's  counsel  and  aaatDt- 

nuce.     Without   a  moment's  heaitation,   she  _ 

■was  advised  to  go  at  once  to  a  lady  of  station,  j  a  regular  chemical  operation,     Uf  ci-ntr*4»,    I 

whoBB  eactenaivediaritieB  and  zealoiiB  services, !  haven't  time  to  go  into  the  w)    '  aid 

roadnrod  to  the  oatcaatt  of  society  at  that  |  niyBtery  of  brewing.    I  shaii^t  r«  »r<? 

time,  wcfre  most  remarkable.     She  cheerfully '  than  to  give  you  some  sort  of  ji..,!,,,,  -.*   the 

acquiesced.     She  found  tlu-  ^thmI  hiJy  at  home, '  science  of  that  beautiftil  proecaa.     Wrll  ;  nowr 

related  her  history,  met  with  sympathy  and  ^  then  we  'D  begin  by  iuquiiing  what  bear 

ivetive  aid,  and,  after  remaining  for  a  time,  bv   made  of? 

her  benevolent  recommetidation,  in  a  chan-        ""'  "    "  ' 

table  establishment,  was  recommended  to  a 
wealthy  family,  to  whom  every  particular  of 
her  history  was  confided.  In  this  service  she 
ao^aitteil  herself  witli  perfect  trustfulness  and 
fidelity,  and  won  the  warmest  regard.  The 
incident  which  had  led  to  her  unmerited  im- 


prisonment, broke  off  the  engagement  l^etween 


The  answer  most  of  vou  wmdd  make  io  (till 
question,  I  take  it,  would  he,  *  Malf^  h<»pa,  and 
water.*  Some  would  add,  |»erhansiy  '  iiud  t^ 
little  isuiglaai,  for  fiiiings.*  Th.*it  a  what  It 
ought  to  be  made  of,  to  ne  sure.  But  there 
more  things  in  ale  and  Ix^er,  Indies  and 
men,  than  is  dreamt  of  in  vour 
However  let  us  take  beer  as  Wcwed 


Captain   Jennings  and    Miss   Newton  ;    but  •  of  water,  malt,  and  hoji* — whnt  vmu  mnj 


whether  the  former  had  ever  an  opportunity 
of  indemnifyiiig  the  poor  girl  for  the  suffering 
she  ha^l  undergone,  the  narrator  lias  never 
been  a>tle  t^  learn.  This  is,  in  every  particular, 
a  true  case  of  prison  eii>ericnce. 

THE  CHEMISTRY  OF  A  PINT  OF  BEEK. 

At  a  late  meeting  of  a  very  useful  little 
Metropolitan  Mechaniea*  lostitution,  which  it 
is  not  necessary  to  our  present  purpose  to 
name,  a  discourse  on  the  subject  n'    ■     -    ■ 


tionod  was  delivered  by  Mr.  Jam 

aiiiT    vlnri 


Mr.  Jij 


Utopian  Entire ;  though,  mind,   *ti8  ia 
power  of  all  of  UB  to  realise  this  aalul 
and  agreeable  beverage,  if  so  )»e  aa  we  ^ 
the   means,  and  will  take  the  troubU» 
selves,  for  to  brew  the  same. 

"  We  '11  say,  then,  that  beer  is  tnad«  of  i 
hops,  and  water.   Very  good.    But  now 
another  ouery.    What  is  wat-er,  aiid  hop*, 
malt  uuuie  of? 

"First,  what  ia  water  made  of?     Ah 
there  was  a  time  wheu  hen/U,  with  big 
'-•"  '-",  would  have  been   !^h<x>k   at   DM 
that  question.     I  should    haTO 


practical  plumber  .ui.T  vlnrlt-r,  aiu„-_-.    ...  ,^   f   mad — perhaps  woi-ne.     V,\ti 

mist  and  natural  [I  I  in  better  times,  thanks  be.    You 

Mr.  Saunders  c  his   lecture  by  afore,  most  of  you,  no  doubt,  that 

observing,  that  mucli  ado  w»is   being  made  <\uite  neat,  which  you  rain't  get  e\ 
just  now  about  the  Papal  Aggreasiou.     This  tilling  of  it,  is  made  of  oxygen  ai 
iffmai  k  might  appear  foreign  to  his  subject, 
but,  in  fact,  led  up  to  it ;  for  the  Pope  of 
Kome  had  occasioned  a  ferment^ition  in  this 


country;  and  without  fermentation  there 
could  be  no  such  thin^  as  that  which  he  was 
about  to  have  the  pleasui-e  of  dLscusaing — 
n,  pint  of  beer.  He  should  sav  no  more  ou  the 
fennent;ition  caused  by  the  l*ope,  except  that 
he  hoped  it  would  be  followed  by  the  usual 
lesulU  of  Ihftt  process  as  observed  in  brewing 
—f^  aiidting  of  the  dregs ;  a  going  off  of  flighty 
vobitile  gas ;  and  strength  communicated  t^ 
the  good  .ituff  in  the  barrel. 

'*  For  many  of  the  observations  I  'm  about 
to  m;tke.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen,"  continued 
Mr.  Suiuiders,  "I  shfdl  have  to  apply  to  tny 
notes;  for  which  I'm  beholden  to  our  worHiy 
Doctor,  who  is  now  amt>ngKt  us  ;  and  I  hojie 
he  '11  excuse  me  for  any  mistftkes  I  may  mate 
in  pronouncing  some  of  his  words, 

"In  the  first  place,  what  is  a  pint  of 
beer  ?  •  Twopence,'  says  some  of  you,  '  and 
a  deal  too  much  ! '  Tliat  's  not  the  question. 
There  *8  a  great  many  beorg.  There 's  p<:irter, 
there's   heavy,  or  brown  stout,  and  tbere^s 


gas; 
separated  one  from  the  other,  as  can  b. 
by  galvanism  and  other  way 
collected  apart.    Kain-watei 
clouds^,  contains  a  little  fixed  m* 


LnrtM^JL- 


same  air  that  comes  out  of  •odtt'iimttfT  imd 

ginger»beer:  what  they  call  i^ftilv^i^jf-       i.J 

namely,  carbon,  the  same  tl 

turned  into  gas  by  being  *■"■■ 

word  is,   wita   oxygen.      What   rivwi 

contains  depends  a  good  deal  on  wfrnt: 

into  the  river  ;  the  idea  whereof 

to  ima^nation,  with  the  hope  it  w 

the  stomach.    Same  with  well-water  <Ar. 

from  nij^h  sewers  and  churchyards.     Bc»sidea 

these  things,  which  have  no  business  in  water^ 

l>oth   river  and  well-water  Cf>utahi   ▼artoos 

salts,  more   or  less.     There  *s  carhonslvi  of 

lime  in  *em,  carbonate  of  mitmiesta,  csoHioiutto 

of  potash,  now  and  then  sulphate  of  U^>u.  aii«l 

so  on,  according  to  the  soil  they  r 

or  spring  out  of.    Sulphate  atid  . 

lime  (in  other  words,  plaster  o; 

chalk)  cause  water  to  be,  what  is  •: 

which  is  bad  and  wasteful  for  makin;!  t. 


CHEBUSTRY  OF  A  PIKT  OP  BEEB. 


but  whetlic'r  ?t  ift  the  worse  or  no  for  brewing 
beer  is  a  dii^jnite  Rmong  brewers  ;  and  whn  'a 
to  deckle  wnen  bi*ewera  liiaRj^fi'ec,  It  standi 
to  reason  that  the  quality  of  the  wnter  Tntt*t 
have  more  or  leas  oflecl  uTK»n  the  r|  " 
of  beer  ;  so,  no  doubt^  the  difference  br 
the  Ijeers  of  different  places  «lf»pen4ls,  \>>i  im« 
thiii|]t,  on  the  kind  of  water  they  arc  bj*ewed 
from, 

**  Next,  as  to  the  hops.  The  hofj-flower,  be- 
lon^ng  to  the  vegetable  creation.  U  rnatle  of 
carbon,  oxygen,iind  hydro^n,  Besitles,  there ^8 
a  Viitter  extract  in  it,  and  likewise  a  drowsi- 
fying  sort  of  principle^  something  like  what 
thure  is  in  opium,  calied  Ifumuh'n, 

^Novt  for  the  malt.  What  is  malt  ?  Not 
of  yoa^  I  tnipfMjae,  are  such  Cockne>'a  as 
not  to  know  that  malt  is  barley,  steepeti  in 
wat^r,  hiid  out  on  a  floor,  let  be  there  till  it 
ifl  just  about  to  gpront,  and  then  dried  on  a 
kiln,  at  u  heat  high  or  low^  according  to  the 
colour  you  want  it  to  be  ;  pale,  or  amber^  or 
brown.  Here  begin  the  chemical  loanceuvres 
required  to  produce  a  pint  of  beer.  Malting 
Ib  a  process  of  chemiatir  that  goes  cm  in  each 
grain  of  barley  Luside  of  the  husk.  What  are 
the  chemical  mgredienta  of  barley  t  Carlwn, 
oxygen,  hydrogen,  and  a  little  nitrogen.  Malt 
has  the  aatne.  But  the  difference  between 
barley  and  malt  ia,  that  the  carlx)n,  oxygen, 
and  hydroL'en  in  the  liai'ley  are  in  the  ahaj^  of 
starcli  ;  wftereas^  in  the  malt  they  are  in  the 
state  of  sugai'.  In  going  to  sprout,  the  barley 
g§t8  sweets  Tlie  starch  in  it  changes  into 
sugar.  Both  sugar  and  starth  have  the  same 
proportions  of  carbon,  oxygen,  and  liydrogen  ; 
twelve  of  carbon,  ten  of  oxygen^  and  ten  of 
hydrogen,  in  each — that  is  to  say,  water  and 
<»arooal.  The  difference  between  stait!h  and 
sugar  is  thought  to  depend  on  the  carbtm, 
oxygen,  and  hydrogen  in  the  one,  being! 
ranged  together  in  a  different  way  from  what 
they  are  m  the  other-  The  'ultimate  jiar- 
tides  *  of  carbon,  oxj'geu,  and  hydrocen,  being 
'  grouped  together,'  as  the  phrase  is,  in  one 
way,  lorm  starch,  and  in  another,  sugar.  So 
with  gum,  and  several  other  things,  that  have 
the  same  elements — as  chemists  say — and  in 
I  the  same  proportions  as  sugar^  but  differ  from 
IL  it  in  look  and  taste,  and  feel,  tind  some  other 
|b  j>ropertie6.  It  seems  as  though^  whilst  they 
^■pre  the  same  in  point  of  che^cal  ingredients, 
IP^they  differ  as  to  chemical  texture.  So  they 
are  the  same  things  in  ditferent  forms.  All 
these  things  turn  very  easily  into  sugar.  You 
can  make  sugar  of  Hnen  rags,  by  boihng  them 
gently  iu  oil  of  vitriol.  Dame  Nature  makes 
the  sugar  for  us  in  malting.  She  always  does 
make  sugar  in  grain  for  the  young  sprout 
to  stai-t  from.  The  change  of  starch  into 
augar  jcroes  by  the  name  of  the  'saccharine 
1*  i<«n;*  about  which  there 'a  a  curious 

to  mention  presently. 
1  iiv  I  est  of  the  carbon,  oxygen,  and  hydro- 
gen in  the  malt  is  in  the  shape  of  gum  or 
mucihige, and  colouring-matter,  in thebarley. 
before  it   became  msdt,  there   was  a  siuaii 


80  much  grain 


quantity  of  a  substance  flailed  ditutas^.    This 
contains  the  other  chemioal  elemettt  of  thtn*^ 
that   live    and    grow ;    animaU    u- 
nitrogen.      There  is    vet*y   littlr  n 

ley:  not  more  Ihau  one  i»ail  iu  i\\v  hun* 
I  ;   but  without  it  the  chnnEfp  of  starch 
UM."  'iiu'^.r        '  '      -t  he  set  a  jyi'mng. 

"  N  y  says,  that  thei^  ar«  such 

an<l  aiicU  vl..,.^-  m  malt;  but  it  doHtas  not 
follow  that  thei^  may  not  be  more.  Thooo 
niceties  in  the  composition  of  things  that 
make  flavours  and  pirfiiraes,  mo*tt  of  them, 
are  not  to  be  laid  hold  of  or  shown  up  by  the 
art  and  instrumenta  of  philosophers^  at  least 
at  present,  and  all  we  know  about  them,  is 
by  their  effect  on  our  palates  and  our  noses : 
as  the  Doctor  saya,  *on  our  gustatory  and 
olfactory  nerves*  But,  however,  all  this 
does  not  signify  for  our  present  puq^tHe  ;  ami 
to  uudei-atand  the  chemical  part  of  bi'ewing,  wn 
need  only  to  look  np^iimaft  aa 
tume^l  into  so  much  sugar. 

**  Seeing  then  that  we  know,  in  a  general 
way,  what  water,  and  malt,  ami  liops,  are 
made  of,  and  that  we  Ve  got  them  to  make 
beer  with  ;  the  question  is,  how  to  use  f  hem 
for  that  important  purpose.  As  I  said  before^ 
I  am  not  going  to  describe  the  process  of 
brewing.  Talking  as  I  am  to  the  wives  and 
daughters  of  England,  which  latter  will  of 
course^  become  tne  former  in  go«xl  time,  I 
should  as  soon  think  uf  lecturing  on  tlie  darn- 
ing of  stockings  or  sewing  of  buttons  ^u  :  to 
flay  nothing  of  the  crochet  which  is  ^ 

a  fancy  just  at  preseot.  No;  I  tm 
practice  of  brewing,  and  let  me  adil  ol  bakiiig, 
and  of  cookery  iu  all  its  branches,  is  aa 
familiar  to  all  young  latlies  as  fi^eography, 
astronomy,  and  the  use  of  the  globes,  callis- 
thenic  exercises,  elocution»dancing.and  deport- 
ment ;  and  if  I  pretender!  to  teach  them  how 
to  brew,  the  next  piece  of  conceit  I  should  bo 
guilty  of,  would  probably  l>e^  in  the  words  of 
my  leaiued  friend  the  Doctor,  *  instructing  ray 
parent's  maternal  parent  in  the  art  of  apply- 
mg  the  power  of  suction,  in  order  to  extract 
the  contents  of  gallinaceous  ova,*  After  which 
tidying  quotation,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  you  '11 
pCThaps  aUow  me  to  take  a  sip  of  a  bevemtfe, 
which  by  name  comes  under  the  head  of  this 
discourse ;  however  'tis  oidy  the  celebrated 
Adam's  Ale :  awl  no  bnd  thtn^  neither,  when 
genuine^  which  is  hard  to  get  m  these  times, 
except  in  your  cottage  near  a  wood,  if  you 
happen  to  be  so  fortunately  situatcii,  in  a 
sanitary  point  of  view.** 

Having  refreshed  himself  with  a  glass  of 
water,  the  lecturer  proceeded  : — 

**  The  first  step  in  mewing  consists  in  making 
an  infusion  of  malt.  Never  mind  altout  the 
phyaicky  sound  of  this  phrase.  In  other 
words,  we  will  say  maahing,  if  you  like.  But 
I  use  it  because,  in  doctors'  language,  the 
worri  infusion  means  a  Hquor  made  by  steej^ 
ing  a  thing  in  hot  water,  to  soak  the  goodness 
out  of  it,  as  counter^distinguiahed  from  boil- 
ing out  the  virtue ;   which  laat  process  is 


Ra      ' 


HOUSEHOLD  WOBDS. 


[C«»4«c«««l 


I 


oalled  deoociion,  Infiudoii  ia  enough  to  ex.- 
tj*ftct  the  goodness  (rom  malt ;  the*  goodn 
being  the  sTiveet,  or  HUgar,  whereinto  the  starch 
of  the  barley  was  turned,  when  it  wag  chnnged 
to  malt.  It  Is  a  great  pomt  to  make  the  in- 
fiiaion  properly.  The  water  ought  to  be  of 
the  rifht  degree  of  heat,  which,  to  make  good 
beer,  in  a  general  way,  ia  one  hundred  and 
seventy  decrees  by  Fahivnheit's  theniiometer 
to  begin  with,  A  mistake  in  this  particular 
may  occasion  the  beer  to  turn  »our,  or  become 
&^tn<M,  which  when  it  used  to  be  afore  the  ther* 
mometer  was  known,  was  often  set  down  to 
witchcraft  by  the  wisdom  of  our  anceabora, 
in  the  times  of  prieaterafl  and  Buperstition. 

"Water  enough  to  stir  and  separate  the 
malt,  is  first  poured  into  a  proper  Teasel^ 
that  is,  a  maah-tub ; — the  malt  is  now  put 
into  it  and  stirred  about :  moi^  water  is  then 
added  at  a  gi'eater  heat ;  tlie  maah.  or  mix- 
ture of  malt-and-water,  is  let  8tana  for  two 
bom's,  at  the  end  of  which  it  ia  drawn  off, 
tmd  ia  now  called  wort,  or  sweet-wort,  in  the 
vulgar  tongue,  and  infusiou  of  malt^  or  '  eolu- 
tion  of  the  aacchorine  and  exti-acted  mattei*  of 
malt,'  by  the  learned. 

"Now,  to  make  wort  it  I9  not  neceasary  that 
the  grain  used  should  all  have  been  malted. 
About  one  part  of  malt  mixed  with  two  of 
raw  grain  in  the  luaah-lub,  will  cowmuiiicale 
the  nature  of  malt  to  the  whole  quantity  of 
gooda.  The  raw  graiti  or  barley,  must  be 
cut  into  line  meal ;  meal  powdered  toduat,  does 
not  answer  the  purpose.  This  is  a  curious 
uiatance  of  *  saccharine  fenuentation,*  and  is 
the  (act,  concei-nlng  it,  that  I  alluded  to  just 
aow :  how  to  account  for  it,  uolwdy  known,  I 
believe,  further  than  that  through  contact 
wiUi  the  sweet  of  the  malt^  a  movt-raent  takes 
place  in  the  starch  of  the  gnun,  between  its 
]iarticlea  of  carlion,  oxygeu,  and  hydrogen  ; 
tliev  altering  Ibeir  jilaces  with  re«i>ect  to 
«acii  other,  In  such  a  wuy  aa  to  tidte  that  form 
of  vegetable  matter  which  we  call  sugar. 
But  tliia  itj  little  uiorp  than  merely  stating  a 
oircumatance  we  can't  explain. 

"  The  Btiirch  in  ra«j>etl  i»otatoe«  even,  may 
he  turned  Intu  aweet  or  sacchai'ine  aialf,  in  the 
s^ime  wav,  by  means  of  mtiiibijig  or  steeping 
with  malt ;  atnl  ihf-n  a  sort  of  bticr  may  be 
made  from  it^  ajid  waa  made  fram  it,  so  Mr. 
Booth  sav»,  ill  his  'Trealiae  on  the  Art  of 
Brewing,  published  under  thii  auperinten- 
dence  ol  tiie  Society  for  the  Diffusion  of 
Useful  Knowledge.  By  his  account,  beer 
w«J3  80  bi*ev^'ed  from  pot.'itir>es  by  a  Monaienr 
Diibrunfaut,  a  Frenchman  ;  and  we  are  told 
it  *  re«cmbletl  the  beer  which  is  made  in 
Paria.'  Perliajia  it  may  reaenible,  and  some- 
thing more,  not  a  h'ttle  of  the  beer  that  is 
aold  m  London,  too. 

"  Brewers  aeem  to  approve  of  brewing  from 
raw  ^ain;  though  I  believe  that,  011  their 
port,!*  ngainat  the  lawa,  which  ht-wever  don't 
prevent  private  pereons  from  so  doing,  if  they 
choose.  But  one,  who  was  a  tolerable  autho- 
rity on  the  subject,  William  Cobbett,  doesn't 


hold  with  it  at  all.    He  says,  *  As  to 
barle}^  in  the  making  of  beer,  I  have  mv«D  i| 
a  full  and  fair  trial,  twice  over  ;  and  1  wouU 
recommend  it  to  neither  rich  nor  pour.     Till 
barley  nroducea  strength^  tbon;j;h  nothing  like 
the  malt ;  but  the  l^eer  \%  jfat,  even  thoughj 
vou  use  half  malt  and  half  Itarley  ;  and  rtn 
iiwer  lie^  heayj*  on  the  stomnch,  and  of  cot 
besides  the  bad  t&ste,  is  unwholesome/     Col 
bett'a    'Cottage  Economy,'    page    26, 
graph  38.     How  the  truth  may  be,  I    CMi' 
aay  ;  but  I  can  euaXy  undei-st/uul  bow 
sort  of  Bu^  made  in  the  fi]>rouiing  of  a  aded, 
or   *  ^ermmation,*  may  yield  Ixcr,  tlitTereaiti 
in  point  of  tarte  and  flavour  from  what  thiiji 
does  which  ia  produced  in  the  nm»b-tuh  ;  thi 
principles  of  flavour  and  taate  tweing  ao  vei 
delicate,  and  perhapa,  also,  roasting  or  drjini 
the  malt  may  have    some  influence  in  %\i\ 
same  particulara.     I  should   be   inclined 
apply  these  remarka,  likewiae,  to  beer  hrcwe< 
froni  sugar  and  treacle,  as  it  may  1^, 
under  certain    circumstances    ia    aoTuettiiui 
allowed  to  be,  bv  the  Excise.   For  the  anjbjc 
of  a  chemical  diacourse  such  beer  ia  just 
gootl  Ijeer  m  any  other,  and  1  Vc  no  oUjeirition 
to  it  whatever,  as  a  lecturer  ;  but,  ns  *  eoo* 
aumer,  if  I  am  to  have  a  choice,  I  should  say, 
*  If  you    please,  I  should  rather   nrtrfwr  tiie 
genuine  original  commodity,  provided  it  'a  all 
the  &ame  to  you/ 

"  When  you  have  got  your  wort,  or  wwm^ 
wort,  the  next  step  in  brewing  ia  to  boil  the 
hops  with  it :  thereby  making  a  deoootioti  if 
hops  in  infusion  of  malt^  By  tliia  oMration 
you  get  out  the  bitter  principle  of  tnc  top  ; 
and  there  is  no  chemical  chituge  iix  it  re- 
quiring imrticular  notice. 

"  The  liquor,  strained  from  the  hops,  haTtog 
been  brought  down  in  the  coolcra  to 
proper  temi>erature,  which  ia  aljout  sev^t 
degrees,  ia  now  put  into  the  tun -tub. 
that  reapect  it  undergo^  the  yreat  ol 
that  converts  it  into  beer.  TLia  ia 
fermentation.  The  process  of  fermentfttioir 
ia  set  a-going,  oa  you  know,  by  mixing  yeait 
with  the  wort. 

"  Now,  for  fermentation  to  lake  place,  it  ii 
necessary,  that  beaidea  carbon,  oxyg^en,  and 
hydrogen,  there  ahould  be  nitrogen  present 
in  the  liquor  or  suliatiuice  to  be  ferment 
Wort,  from  the  small  miantity  of  nil 
still  Iei\  in  the  malt,  may  oe  made  to 
of  itself  with  some  trouble  ;  but,  to  so 
the  yeast  ia  mixed  with  it.  Yeast 
froth  of  a  previous  fermentation  j  and' 
taina  nitrogen  enough  to  make  the  fe 
tion  sufficiently  qmck.  It  ia  n  — 
in  which  you  see  a  continual  in 
on.  Accoi-ding  to  the  German  v 
^'eafit  causes  fermentation  by  < 
its  own  motion,  in  a  mechanirr 
the  particles  of  carbon,  oxj'gen,  and  hydrog* 
that  compose  sugar,  dis8olve<l  in  the 
for  instance.  The  hydrogen  find  oxy^^ 
sugar,  as  I  said  above,  stand,  in  sugar,  ei  ^^^^ 
each,  in  the  proportions  of  twelve,  carbdli| 


ten^  hyilrogen  ;  and  ten,  oxygen — though 
§ome  reckon  the  two  last  at  eleven.  In 
fermentation  these  elements  are  dinlodged^ 
80  to  speak,  from  the  position  they  hold,  one 
to  another,  and  then  a  re-arrangement  of 
them  takes  place.  Part  of  the  caibon  of  the 
sugar  unites  with  most  of  the  oxygen  ao  as 
to  form  carbonic  acid^  which  lltes  off  in  gaa. 
The  rest  of  it  combines  with  all  the  h3rdrogeti 
and  »')me  of  the  oxygen,  and  becomes  alcohol, 
or  spirit,  the  production  whereof  in  infusion 
of  multf  converts  it  into  th«'it  generous  and 
invigorating  beverace  on,  the  philosophy  of 
which  I  have  now  the  honour  of  addr^ing 
you.  Alcohol  consists  oi  fonr  proportionals 
of  carbon,  six  of  hj*drogen,  ana  two  of 
oxygen.  The  proportions  of  these  elements 
one  to  another  in  sugar  and  alcohol,  as  well 
as  other  things,  are  made  oat  by  separating 
one  from  the  other  according  to  art,  in  ways 
which  it  would  take  too  long  to  describe, 
called  Analysis.  Well ;  you  see  fermentation 
is  a  sort  of  Inward  commotion  ending  in  a 
new  coustitation  ;  a  sort  of  natural  revolution 
in  point  of  fact.  Alcohol  is  formed  in  making 
wine,  and  all  strong  drinks,  in  the  same 
manner  ba  in  brewing.  A  certain  quantity 
of  it»  perhaps  you  may  know,  is  even  pro- 
duced in  fermenting  bread.  This  in  mostly 
lost  in  the  baking  ;  but  some  years  ago  there 
was  a  company  formed  to  supply  the  Public 
with  cheap  bread,  in  the  hopes  of  being 
enablctl  to  affonl  to  sell  it  at  a  lower  price 
by  collecting  the  spirit  that  is  geamilly 
wasted.  Wliereupou  t\  baker,  who  was  up  to 
snuff  a  great  deal  more  tlum  to  chemistry, 
set  up  a  shop  where  he  professed  to  sell 
bread  at  tLe  same  rate  as  the  company,  with 
the  gin  in  it ! 

**1rhe  carbonic  add  given  off  from  beer  while 
fermenting,  is  what  makes  it  so  dangerous  to 
go  down  mto  vats,  and  sometimes  occasions 
death  by  this  being  done  without  precaution. 

"  The  proper  plan  is  to  send  a  caudle  down 
fittt ;  if  there  is  much  carbonic  acid  it  puts 
it  out.  So,  if  you  let  a  light  down  into  the 
tun-tub^  over  the  fermenting  liquor.  All  the 
inside  of  the  tub,  atfove  the  liquor,  while  it  is 
working,  is  full  of  carbonic  acid  gas ;  and  if 
you  dip  a  cup  into  the  gas  gently,  you  can 
ladle  it  out,  and  then  if  you  turn  the  cup 
upside  down  over  a  candle  you  extingubh 
it  as  completely  as  if  3'Gu  were  to  {x>ur 
water  uf»on  it,  by  that  means  astonishing  the 
ireak  minds  of  spectators  in  a  considerable 
degree, 

"When  the  froth,  or  yeast,  ceaaai  to  be 
forme<l  on  the  surface  of  the  liquor  in  the 
tun-tub,  youi"  wort  has  become  beer,  which 
you  allow  to  get  cold,  and  then  put  it  into 
the  cask  or  hArrul.  Here  the  fermentation 
still  goes  slowly  on,  aa  is  shown  by  the  yeast, 
that  ILeepa  gradually  working  out  of  the  cask, 
till  all  the  sugar,  or  as  much  of  it  aa  can  be, 
is  changed  into  spirit.  Beer  that  tastes 
gweet,  owes  its  sweetness  to  containing 
M^r  not  decomposedi  or  changed  into  spirit. 


Bottled  l«»er  is  lieer  in  wliich  the  carbonio 
acid,  made  by  the  decf^mposition  of  the  sugar, 
or  other  vegetable  matter  in  the  l>eer,  is  pre- 
vented from  eaCiiping  by  being  corked  down. 

"  A  liquor,  to  feitnent,  requires  a  certain 
amount  of  heat,  not  lower  than  between  fifty- 
five  and  sixty-five  degrees.  It  likewise  growa 
hfitter  during  fermentation  ;  and  as  caroonic 
acid  gas  la  thrown  off  at  the  same  time,  as 
from  a  fire^  this  makes  fermentation  seem 
somewhat  like  a  burning  or  combustion. 
Only  thia,  which  is  called  the  vinous  fermeu- 
tation,  is  a  sort  of  buniing  independent  of  the 
air,  the  oxygen  that  feeds  it  being  contained 
in  the  liquor, 

"  All  fermentation  in  beer — or  wine  either^ 
ought  to  stop  with  the  change  of  sugfir  into 
spirit.  But  by  b^ing  ex|X)fled  to  the  air,  or 
to  the  action  of  ekctricitv,  and  some  other 
causes,  a  second  fermentation  is  set  up  in  it. 
The  alcohol  takes  in  uxLv^eu  dx^ni  the  air,  and 
is  changed  into  acetic  acid,  or  vinegar.  This 
is  the  reason  why  it  is  so  necessary  to  have 
beer-casks  thoroughly  air-tight ;  for  though 
what  la  called  the  acetous  fermentation  is 
interesting  as  a  matter  of  science,  to  have 
one's  beer  turn  soiu*  \a  a  ^"eat  misfortune,  in 
a  domestic  and  econonucid  point  of  view* 
What  is  termed  hard  beer  is  beer  in  which 
vinegar,  or  acetic  acid,  has  begun  to  form. 

"  Good  beer,  then,  Ls  a  mixture  of  alcohol  au*l 
water,  more  or  lessundecompo^iod  uugar,muci- 
lage,andother  extractive  matter,  carbonic  acid, 
in  greater  or  le^is  quantity,  and  those  dehcate 
principles  on  which  llavoiu*  depends,  besides 
the  bittei  of  the  hop.  To  the.se  things  therift 
is  added  colouring- matter,  which  is  given  by 
the  malt.  In  porter  this  is  got  by  malt  that 
has  been  roasted  almost  to  ch.ircoal.  The 
carbonic  aciil  in  beer  is  what  its  brnkness 
depends  upon.  The  little  bubbles  you  see  in 
s^taikling  ale  are  composed  of  this  gas,  and 
without  it  the  beer  tastes  flat.  Old  beer  is 
beer  wherein  the  vegetable  matter  has  been 
wholly  or  mostly  decompoae<l.  In  mild  beer 
the  decompos^ition  has  not  been  quite  com- 
pleted. It  is  a  pleasing  relish  to  a  pot  of 
Deer  to  reflect  on  the  chemical  facta  which 
that  paii-icular  taste  in  it,  which  you  fancy, 
depends  upon. 

**  So  much,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  for  the 
chemistry  of  beei*.  Now  lor  a  word  or  two 
about  the  drxtffgiMrtf  oi  it.  Instead  of  malt, 
sugar,  treacle,  rioney,  and  other  sweet  things 
may  be  used — though  contrary  to  law  in  the 
case  of  brewers — and  are  so,  I  famcy»  more  or 
leas  ;  without  much  harm.  Wormwood*  quas- 
sia, and  other  bitters^  may,  in  like  manner,  be 
employed  in  Ueu  of  hops,  without  poisoning 
the  consumer.  Buckboui,  or  Metii/atit/t^  In- 
foliiUa^  is  another  Bubstitute-^4o  be  tnarke<i 
'  dangerous,*  Aloes  has  likewise  been  used  for 
the  same  purpose  ;  but,  being  physic,  I  think 
it  had  much  better  be  confined  to  regular 
medicinal  purposes  and  not  uaeil  to  doctor 
beer  with. 

"  I  won't  say,  however,  that  beer  may  never 


502 


HOUSEHOLD  WOIIDS. 


^ 


^ 


require  a  liitle  iIoctariu|^.     It  is  apt   to  be 

rii^lifr   i?Klii)«fWiw#il   Ht    tiiur^  ;   tllAt    iR,    to  tiirii 

ft..u     '  ""      ■   ■  '     '"      :  >:tii 

IL  iu 

dim;-    ti-i    I'.'    i.ii).|'!.'ii-       _\  iM  sup- 

portc<l  lu  iu,J...:  1. '..••. ;  kt-ci* .  J.^,-.  .-,^1  bo  no 
lp\*sit  htirm  m  that,  borne  have  given  their 
beer  jal;t|/,  in  thy  pruportiun  vi  two  or  tlin^ 
cmwct's  to  twenty  ban-cla  ;  the  ronsoa  for 
nrhieli  f»roce<?4Jiii^'  in  xi^iwwu  ;  it  may  not  do 
hiU'm  i  but  I  doii^t  see  that  it  can  Jo  much 
goocL  Coppeius  is  used  for  the  sake  of  giving 
|Kirt<*r  A  rr*»thy  Uij>,  For  this  piirpoeti,  thett? 
need  not  be  uaed  more  than  would  lie  on  a 
half-crown  piece  for  a  Karrel.  But  I,  for  my 
part,  &li<:>u]d  be  di8|x»»ed  to  thiiik  thnt  »t> 
much  coppcrras  as  would  atlect  the  head  of  a 
|*ot  of  beer,  would  lx»  not  unlikely  fiUo  to 
utfet't  the  imaian  atomach ;  aad  1  would, 
therefore,  prefer  not  U>  liavo  $aaj  eofipenw  lii 
my  beer,  if  I  knew  it. 

**  Howerer,  thiscopp«nifi,  or  anlptiAte  of  iixin, 
ia  found  in  a  great  many  apiing^  of  water, 
which  the  Excb©  does  not  jjrevent  brew, 
froui  brewing  tjri>iu,  although  ii  forbids  th 
to  put  the  lamo  quantity  of  topperjis  a^  whzu 
th«ro  is  in  tho!*e  apriii>^  int<i  the  common 
water  which  thej  use.  But  this  only  proves 
tlmt  the  Law  knows  uothing  nbout  chemistrj  ; 
mid  I  'm  afraid  it  don't  know  mueh  moiie 
about  phiioHophv  and  eoicnce  of  any  sort. 

**  The  root  of  th«  »weet  flag,  coriander  and 
curraway  veeda,  omnge-peel^  and  other  aro» 
mfttia,  are  also  uaed  to  give  beer  Ihnt  davour, 
wUidi,  if  properly  made,  it  would  derive, 
without  any  sueh  medical  treatment,  from 
malt  aud  hops. 

"Lastly,  there  are  drags  which  are  put 
into  beer  merely  to  iuerease  it4  fuddling 
power — Co^uhu  Indiau^  St.  I/fnatius*s  Beany 
Jfujc  V^omica^  or  Hatahane,  Opium  and  Tobac4X», 
Concerning  which,  I  ehall  ouly  make  the 
brief  remark,  tliat  though  in  this  age  of 
enlightoument  and  civiliaatiou,  we  muat  be 
natuittliy  averse  to  capit&l  puuishmenta,  I 
wish  every  brewer  who  put*  any  audi  etuft' 
into  hii  liquor,  was  condemned  to  drink  his 
own  beer,  and  noiMng  tlae,  till  lie  died — 
which  I  fancy  he  would  iu  no  very  long 
time. 

"  I  feel  that  I  hare  not  exhausted  the  aub- 
ject  of  beer ;  but  I  am  afraid  I  may  have 
eslMHisted  your  patience.  However/ if  my 
disoonrBe  htts  oooasioued  on  your  )mrt6  a 
feeling  of  dryneaa,  the  subject  of  it  no  doubt 
will  »ugg«t  to  you  a  ready  means  of  relieving 
thjit  unorjmfortable  BeuBotion," 

The  lecture  of  Mr.  Saunders  wn*  Usteucd 
to  with  marked  attention  by  a  crowded  audi- 
tory. At  its  conolosioiir  a  teetotaller  stepped 
forward,  and  be^;ged  to  aak  the  lecturer's 
dpittioii  00  the  reunion  of  beer  to  health  and  I 
momJityl  To  which  Mr.  Saunders  replied,! 
that  he  con«idort?d  it  highly  favonrable  to 
Wth,  providtnl  motleration — a  \irtue  in  rtaelf 
observed  in  the    lue  thereof      Too 


much  of  any  good  iluiw  wan  bod  ;  hjhI 
reumrk  wiifl  as  true  of  tea  aa  of   VMf 

lL([Uor. 

A  SALT  GEOWl* 

— SAi;r,  beoauee  I  un  an  Old  SalU 
briiiis  fh>m  b«iui  to  Coot.    I  Am  ai 
old  standing,  and,  by  a  Htn.jr*^ilAr  chain  of 
cumstanctt^  one  of  the  m  y 

the   profession,      I   can    * 
nothing  but  u  cut  that  has  bccii  acuI  up 
cxp<:!riuituilMliMt  in  ^  Ixallooii.     ]   iM&ve 
vk'tiiu  tn  A  '  lita  ^l  my  1 

Sir  (.'luiH.  he  N»vy  ;   Ila 

wouikLj  I'leeding,  by  t*j«cliing  up  my 

— uitd  lieix^  ^'iMfi^  I'o  i>  Hi>.  11  t)f  Lam«tttAtMB  I 

I   am   all   ov^  .  x^      I    i  u|n  —jit 

wrongs  in  nty  [  ^    jmju — mm  thift  South 

Scji  IsUndera  do  the  ciuitoma  of  their  conntry 
by  the  nature  of  their  tattoo.  I  meais  M> 
peraoiml  offence  to  any  on<»,  but  U>  thomtf  wW 
f«H»l  thcnoiielves  agirrieved,  I  pr?*ant   mr  aund 


:!Ti: 


•,\vc  which  I  have 
-i  when  uiwible  to 


Fil-Nt  of  :; 


bf»v, 


uur  cBiputn, 


war;  and,  v. ..,, 

birch  with  anythinji: 

was  sj'med   with   n   ; 

roaiftt  that  of  a  ferocio 

who  was  subje«*t   tc>  . 

when    he   got   the   **  [jj  uiM^r  ") 

Tartar.     Mpu   would   not  nnt^r 

eonsequently  we   were  o1«' 

rigorous   impressment.     ^ 

know  what  unnrcBsment  r 

live* I  a  good  deal  in  the  ^ 

I  tell  you  what  it  i^  exact  I .  — 

Poaching  for  men  !     You  set  an 

in  public  houses^  just  as  you  s  : 

hai-es  in  hedges.     You  oatch  tliem 

you  would  catch  a  pheasant   on   n. 

night,  and  sulphur  bim.     ALony   a   f.inie 

pinue<l  an  outward-bound   merGhantTsirvn 

the  wing.    We  were  rensted,  wouii> 

crated  ;   nevertheleas,  no  systafn  of  . 

the  Nayy  is  adopted  to  this  day  ;  aji<l 

hare  a  war  again  we  mu»t  proas 

the  seA-port«  say  to  that  i 

The  ** Bruiser'*  went  to  aea  in  a  hv 
some  guns  shorty  and  with  a  hut.. It. -J    i 
men  among  the  crew — in   the 
American  war.    Jonathan  was,  j 
ginning  to  pick  up  our  frigatet* 
mfmncd,  better  armed,  aud  Wc^- 
his  own.   What  did  the  A 
issued  secret  orders  not  x 
American    &i^tes  —  whicli 
remedy.     I  wish  you  had  seen 
reeking  with  indignati^^     - 
rooched  us  !    He  had  1 
the  whole  of  his  gunpi^-v  i 
believe  it  wa«  possible  th 
could  be  token.    Cuiliatn  Si  i 
commanding  the  **  Iiocofoco, 


durta^l 


hrxu 


ChArtM  UU^BBk.) 


A  SALT  GROWL. 


I 
I 


wise..  Wc  fought  liim,  une  tioe  momiog,  at 
fiuiiBet ;  we  were  uupleasautly  wet  on  the 
2o«  4«r  deck ;  in  &et,  we  were  ainking,  when 
H.M.S.  "  Oberon  *'  csme  up  and  sayed  us.  Th« 
Yankee  went  off)  plAying  "  Yjmkee  Boodle." 

We  were  all  tried  by  court-martial,  and 
acquitted.  To  be  sure,  we  had  lost  a  tMrd  of 
our  crew,  and  four  oflicera  y  which  ahowed 
Uiat  we  bad  made  a  ^i(^^,  i^d  waa  considered 
highly  satiafactorj'.  The  skipper'*  turn  for  a 
flag  came  on  some  time  afterwards,  when  he 
waa  a  brisk  yoiing  admiral  of  sixty-five  ;  but 
he  never  got  a  command.  They  were  afraid 
ofyotithfol  c:nthusiaam.  When  we  were  paid 
off;  I  woA  attncked^  one  night,  by  a  party  of 
Ami>iz.>us  whose  husbaoda  we  had  nreased, 
and  lost  tho  use  of  a  tinger.  I  applied  to  the 
Admiralty,  iu  the  hope  of  smart-money, 
but  got  uoue ;  when  I  wrote  acain,  1  was 
informed  that  their  lordships  "had  nothing 
to  add  to  their  Conner  oommunicalaoii."  It  is 
a  curiouH  circumatanoe  that  they  never  havs^ 
anylLiDg  to  "a4ld.**  What  does  this  arise 
fixwu  T  Is  each  communicatiou  perftet  per  te  t 
1  otmsoled  myuelf  with  reflectuig  that  their 
former  communication  ha*I  been  quite  dull 
enough,  and  cold  enough,  without  aiiy  addition. 

I   WAS   now   on  shore,   unemployed.      My 


one  of  a  i-ealJy  fine  claas  of  brigs.  Will  the 
reader  beUeve  that  the  authoniit-**  U.nM  the 
whim  of  putting  a  third  mast  iu  her,  which 
8]x>iled  her — and  did  the  same  to  a  dozen, 
before  finding  out  their  mistake  ! 

For  this  is  a  standing  principle  with  the 
naval  authorities — always  "to  go  the  entire 
animal "  (I  am  too  politt;  to  sa^  whai  animal^ 
and  to  multiply  a  blunder  m  aritlimetical 
progresniou.  One  feoUafa  experiment  makes 
many  ;  and  each  bad  vessel  produces  a  whole 
set  of  them — as  the  fox  that  had  lost  his  tml 
sought  for  companions.  Accordingly,  our 
beautiful  eighteeu-crim-brig,  the  **  Violet,""  had 
a  third  mast  put  mto  her,  and  was  spoiled. 
And  the  same  process  was  gone  through 
with  several  othen  at  a  cost  ot  nine  hundred 
pounds  each*  This  process  of  addition,  I  may 
say,  is  as  sttiflibte  as  it  would  bo  for  a  man 
with  two  good  lens  to  add  a  wooden  one  by 
way  of  Improving  his  walk  ! 

I  was  paid  off  in  the  "  Violet,"  this  time, 
and,  though  I  had  been  an  acting-Ueutenaut 
some  years,  had  to  go  bade  again  to  the  rank 
of  mate.  You  Bf»  1  was  not  a  man  of  iamUy, 
neither  had  I  ifiteire«t  in  a  borough.  The 
first  lord,  a  civilian,  wanted  patmnrige  ;  /  had 
no  patrons.  Off  I  went  to  sea  in  H.M.  Brig; — 
relations  were  not  much  pleased  with  me, '  what  do  you  suppose  ? — "  Jowler.*'  She  was 
for  I  ktid  brought  home  my  legs,  and  had  tiot  one  of  a  number  of  fliit-liotlomed,  bad  brigs, 
brought  home  any  prize-money,  and  was,  named  by  the  Admiralty  after  Loni  Sj>eueer's 
therefore,  neither  an  object  of  personal  nor  hounds.  There  was '^Rucher/' and  "Ikidg^r," 
]>ecuniary  interest.  I  kept  applying  for  em- 1 and  "  Bang ; "  and  the  sea  was  tuinetl  into  a 
pioyment,  and  after  a  long  timG,^iu<  as  I  wcu '  kennel.  Snoe  the  days  of  ScyUa,  who 
married  (Jeremiah,  be  firm!),  came  my  ap- 1         «/i»jv*    i    i*  <  *      ^^    i-      « 

pointment  to  H.M.3.  « Blunde^r.^   Poor  de^  \         "^^^  ^>^'^  ^^^  ^«^  atteutioa, 
Emily  t  That  long,  coffin-like  letter,  '*  On  Her "  — as  Milton,  I  think,  si^^a — ^the  ocean  had  aesn 
Jf  /' did  eclipse  our  honermoon   nothing  so  canine!     We  wei*o  yeljtinjg  and 

ill  it  would  have  startled  Kepler,  galloping  about,  over  the  world— but  by  no 

iju'  ii^uuiM^-rtT'^  was  one  of  those  peculiar  means  too  good  hands  at  biting.  But,  my 
vessels,  a  **  fir  tbirty-two;"  which  ola*>  of  luck  on  board  the  "Jowler,"  waa  better  than 
veaacis  liad  this  odd  peculiarity   that   tUey  j  tljat  of  my  old    mesmnate    Blocksby.      He 


could  neither  stand  up  under  canvas,  nor 
sail.  Fancy  an  umbrella  that  would  neither 
ehnt  up,  nor  keep  out  wet,  and  you  have  a 

notion  of  the  utility  of  a  fir  thirty-two. 
i€  '*  Bhiuderor,"  air,  was  made  of  raw  fir — 
gummy,  air,  jxjaitively  !  We  used  to  exjwct 
to  see  her,  leafy,  in  spring-time  !  She  was  as 
omnky  aa  a  parasol  in  winter  weather.  Half 
ot!    *  IS  spent  in  wishing  we  dare  set  the 

t  ^aiLs.    She  was  as  liable  to  c^psixe, 

ua  »  ."'T  ^  U4jat  on  the  Serpentine.  One  Jay,  I 
bad  the  watch,  and  set  the  top^;a]lant  sails  in 
a  ireaher  breeze  than  usual.  A  squall  came, 
and  the  mast  a  went  over  the  side.  The 
Admiralty  mruJe  me  ]>ay  for  them  out  of  my 
j»ay ;  and  ooor  Emily  luwl  to  sell  her  piano  to 

up  trie  dirtVronce. 
I  lea  the  "  Blunderer  '*  a  mate  (she  after- 
waH  taken  aback,  in  a  squall,  with  the 
IBAinsoil  on  her,  and  went  down  stern  fore- 
mofli),  and  joined  a  twenty'<iffht-gun-«!iip. 
She  wna,  also,  a  peculiar  8hip>  belonging  to 
another  strange  class,  that  could  neither  tight 
nor  run  away.  I  was  made  an  aotin^-lieu* 
temant  in  her;  shortly  afterwards  I  joined 


joined  one  of  the  new  ten-gun-brigsL,  begun  in 
1806 — when  the  kennel  lot  Itegan  to  be  seen 
to  be  useleasL  The  Admindty  built  them, 
like  wUd-fir^  as  usual,  and  launched  sixty* 
four.  Four  foundered  at  sea ;  and  two 
huudi-ed  and  sixty  men  perished;  six, 
turned  into  packets,  were  lost  with  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty-eight  men,  beside  pai»eug«a's. 
Poor  Blocksby  went  down,  ail  standing,  in 
commaod  of  one  of  th«  last.  It  was  an  awful 
winter,  that,  and  he  nevei*  expected  t^j  come 
back  from  Hali&JL  He  had  lefl  all  his  plate 
on  shore  at  Falmouth,  in  ordvr  that  his 
family  might  not  lose  thatj  at  all  events  ! 

Well  [  1  got  made  a  lieutenant,  and  I  com- 
manded a  revenue  cutter — which  put  we  in 
the  way  of  seeing  a  good  deal  of  what  went 
on  in  the  dockyards,  when  I  was  in  hai'bour. 
Sometimcffl,  I  have  gone  round  a  dockyard 
with  the  ti«t  lord,  who  (of  course)  wiuited 
somebody  to  p*it  him  op  t«j  the  tlilTcrenues 
between  the  various  sorts  of  ships,  and  another, 
(a  kind  of  interpreteim  between  him  and  his 
business !)  while  be  was  making  a  tour  of 
inapMtion. 


eo4 


HOUSEHOLD  WOBDS. 


"That'a  a  fine  ahin— that— Abem  I " 

"  Frigate,  mr  loni" 

•*  Ah;  yes.— Ahem  !     I  like  the  stem—" 

*•  I  beg  3'our  punlon,  inv  lord,  the  bow  "^ 

"  Tru^  ;^ AJiera,  I  hud  forgot.  Ask  them 
to  bring  my  carriage  round  to  the  gates,  will 
you,  Mr.  JiK'^i^^r  1  '^ 

You  see,  tlicre  must  be  an  appearance  of 
attention  to  the  sea-port  towna — they  return 
membera.  Thus,  you  gee,  it  would  not  do,  for 
instance,  to  make  too  much  fu8s  about  the 
shameful  waste  in  disaumtling  a  ship  when 
she  'a  paitl  off— it  V  convenient  to  let  the  dock- 
yanl  people  niah  at  her,  as  Lf  she  were  a  vessel 
of  the  enemy's. 

One  thing  often  amuaed  me— the  trouble 
they  take,  ami  the  exjiense  they  go  to,  about 
shipa'  Bt«rna.  Surely.  thai''M  not  the  part  of 
our  ships  that  we  re  anxious  to  show! 
Yet,  jiiat  read  this  little  bit  from  the  book 
of  Sir  Charles  Napier's  that  I  mentioned 
above. 

"No  leas  than  twonty-eight  ships  had  thoir 
Bterns  altorod  on  Sir  Robert  Sepping's  plan, 
by  a  return  of  the  24th  of  April,  1846  :  but  the 
expense  wus  not  stated.  I  suppose  they  were 
ftMJwtiued  of  it.  Ti*'enty-8ijc  sUjjjs,  of  different  Mceo, 
by  tlio  Kome  return,  had  their  atcnta  altered  on 
another  plan ;  mum  of  thein  twice,  and  the  "  Bos- 
cawdQ  **  three  times  ;  some  also  that  had  been 
alterod  by  Sir  Robert  Sopping  before.  w«ra  again 
altered  on  the  second  plan."     (Page  IdG.) 

I  got  so  diaguat^d  at  all  this,  years  ago,  that 
I  was  very  neaily  mining  my  chances  of 
success  in  the  profeaaion,  by  trying  to  improve 
its  condition  !  You  don  t,  perhaps,  know^ 
reader,  that  it  'a  a  punishable  offence  to  write 
on  a  naval  matter  when  yon  're  on  full  pay. 
Y<ju,  who  know  best,  must  say  nothing.  \  ou» 
who  suffer,  must  not  cry  out — the  autboriliea 
being  like  the  ahoemakti>r  in  the  farce,  who 
sayi  to  the  cu.«?tomer,  "  That  shoe  pinch  you  ! 
/  made  it.    I  know  better." 

1  'ra  not  vain,  but  I  once  did  send  a  plan  of 
a  %*ery  tidy  vessel  to  Somerset  House.  They 
took  no  notice  of  it  for  a  long  time ;  at  last  I 
heard  that  "my  idea  had  b^n  anticipated/' 
ami  she  made  her  appearance  soon  afler- 
wanla. — I  have  my  suspicions  on  the  matter 
though  ! 

While  we  are  talking  about  ship-building, 
lot  me  eive  you  another  httle  bit  from  the 
Ailmind^s  book — and  then  you  will  scarcely 
wonder  at  the  results  when  you  see  the 
organisation , 

•*  In  general  our  attempts  at  improvemont  have 
turned  out  fiulurea ;  and  certainly  the  Admimlty 
took  an  odd  manner  to  got  information ;  for  when 
ft  committee  of  reference  yam  appointed,  the 
instructions  were  as  follow  . — '  In  the  event  of  any 
nautical  differenco  of  opinion,  between  the  sur- 
veyor and  the  committee  thus  conptituted,  the 
report  of  the  surveyor  iji  to  be  referred  to  the 
committee,  and  that  of  the  committee  to  the  sur- 
veyor, who  are  to  state,  after  having  duly  weighed 
the  arguments  in  favour  of  their  respective  views, 
whether  or  not  they  stili  adhere  to  their  respectire 


opinions^'     I  v,  the  surveyor  ever 

attended  to  su  action,     I  should 

think  not;  ana  u..^  ^  ..u,..uuvt  of  rofercnco  has 
beea  oboliBhod."    (P&ge  190.) 

This  was  the  oddest  plan  to  get  wiBdook 
I  ever  heard  of.  It  was  surely  suggest«a 
by  the  idea  of  rubbintr  two  sticks  toge- 
ther, to  produce  fire — though  it  was  never 
so  fiucc47«sfuL  Are  we  surprised  at  official 
eccentricities,  after  this?  Need  we  vrooder 
that  we  so  often  turn  out  a  ship,  which  (to 
imiUte  Sir  John  Falstaff's  phrase)  is  like* 
ship  "  cut  out  of  a  cheese-parinj;  after  supper  T 

I  am  not  going  to  trouble  tlie  rea<l«r  with 
the  details  uf  an  unfortunate  career.  8oi]M 
years  ago,  I  was  made  a  command!^  -  -  btch 
occasion  I  receivetl  the  hearty  coi  i  >tis 

of  my  grand-children.     Odl'^    ■  »id 

quite  consistently  with  my  >  x- 

pefiences,  I  got,  the  very  san-  wm 

that  "  the  *  Minotiuir,'  costing  se  ve  i  '>«* 

sand  six  hundred  and  sixty-two   i  nad 

been  converteii  into  a  convict  Bhir>  wiUiOWt 
being  at  sea ;"  and  that  the  '*  BHoK  1*rinc«  ** 
and  "Defence  "had  suffered  tho  ^*mr 

change."    My  eldest  grandson,  a  i  iirl 

l>o^,  observes  that  the  tran^t' 
ships   into  nymphs,  in   Vii 

metamorphosis  of  a  naval  vU v^  . 

of  comparison  with  our  modem  onrm,     lit 
also,  occasionally,  sinra  what    he    calU 
parody/'   to    the   fullowing    effect^    on 
ships: — 

"  Nothing  of  thorn  but  doth  chuige 
Into  something  rich  and  stnmgo. 
Dockyanls  hoiu-ly  ring  thoIr  kuoll— 
There  goes  the  money  ! — ding,  dong. 

The  Ime-^if-lxattle-ships  and  fi'i'^nU-^  buHt 
since  1815,  and  cut  down  and  cotivri  t.-'l.  vritli- 
out  Wing  atsea^have  cost  six  huu<  1 1  ue- 

teen  thousand  seven  hundred  i>oni  lij^e 

of  the  expense  of  these  operaticuie*,  \^l»cn  I 
tell  you  that  the  expense  of  cutting  ilowu  aikvl 
repairing  the  "Dublin"  was  tifty-t wo  thou- 
sand ei^t  hundred  and  thirty-iiine  pounds. 
All  this  is  not  very  remarkable,  when  w» 
remember  that  a  great  many  shijia  ai  e  built 
by  "amateurs."  Did  any  imm,  wanting  a 
house,  ever  employ  an  "amateur**  t^o  budd 
it  1  Would  any  one  trust  the  atjit>ilit\  .t"  lua 
first-floor,  to  the  caprices  of   i\  !V0 

gentleman    educiited    for    the    J  U^ 

Pulpit  1 

A  few  years  ago.  I  was  nearly  rolled  t» 
pieces  in  a  »Symonilit«  Une-of-battle-ship.  I 
served  some  time  in  an  iron  steam- vessel  j 
which  cltuis  of  vessels  has  proved  an  entire 
blunder,  and  been,  apparently,  condeuiued  ha 
useless,  A  ramlel  shell  cxpl  ^^  •  -  of 
tbera,  when  I  was  In  her,  autl  n. 

In  the  hope,  however,  of  a  rti  . .  u- 

stitution  of  the  Admii'alty,  and  tl- 

nence  from  tliia  horrible  wasting  <  _ ,  I 

conclude  here.  I  stiU  keep  up  my  spirit*— 
for  I  shall  under  the  present  8yst'eiu»  Ih>  njk 
admiral,  if  I  live  to  a  hundred  ami  twenty  J 


■r 


HiHatritttU  Off  r*",  K«.  1G,  V( tUlCKtt^e  Kt*««  Koftl4.Vf«a<u  li%«M4\ii 


p 


^ 


••  Fam$!Mr  in  their  Mouttis  a»  HOUSEHOLD  WORDS r—su^mvnAmm. 


i 


HOUSEHOLD    WORDS. 

A    WEEKLY    JOURNAL; 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


N°  480 


SATURDAY,  FEBRUABY  23,  1851, 


[PnicK  2d. 


« BIRTHS.    MRS.  MEEK,  OF  A  SON." 

Mt  name  is  Meek.  I  am,  in  fact,  Mr. 
Meek.  That  son  ia  mine  and  Mm  Meek's. 
When  I  saw  the  announcement  in  tlie  TimG«, 
I  droppd  the  paper.  I  had  put  it  in,  myself, 
and  paid  for  it,  but  it  looked  so  noble  that  it 
overpowered  me. 

As  soon  as  I  could  compoae  mv  feelings,  I 
took  the  jKiper  up  to  Mrs.  Meek's  luidaide, 
"  Mai'ia  Jane/'  aaid  I  (I  allude  to  Mrs.  Meek), 
"you  are  now  a  public  character."  We  read 
the  review  of  our  child,  several  times,  with 
feelings  of  the  strongest  emotion ;  and  I  sent 
the  hay  who  cleans  the  boots  and  shoea,  to  the 
ofHce,  for  fifteen  copies.  No  reduction  was 
made  on  taking  that  quantity. 

It  is  scarcely  necesaary  for  me  to  say,  that 
our  child  liad  been  expected.  In  fact,  it  had 
been  e3ti>ected,  with  comparative  conhdence, 
for  some  months.  Mrs,  Meek's  mother,  who 
resides  with  ua— of  the  name  of  Bigby — had 
mnde  every  preparation  for  its  adiuiaaion  to 
our  circle. 

I  hope  and  believe  I  am  a  quiet  man.  I 
will  go  farther.  1  know  I  am  a  quiet  man. 
My  constitution  is  tremulous,  my  voice  was 
never  loud,  and,  in  point  of  stature,  I  have 
been  from  infancy,  small,  I  have  the  greatest 
respect  for  Maria  Jaue'a  Mama.  She  is  a 
most  remarkable  woman.  I  honour  Mitria 
Jane's  Mama.  In  my  opinion  she  would 
storm  a  town,  single-handed,  with  a  hearth- 
broom,  itnd  carry  it.  I  have  never  known 
her  to  yield  any  point  whatever,  to  mortal 
man.  She  is  calculated  to  terrify  the  stoutest 
heart. 

Still—but  T  will  not  anticipate. 

Tlie  first  intimation  I  haii,  of  any  prepara- 
lioufl  being  in  progreea,  on  the  part  of  Maria 
J[anc»  Mama,  waa  one  afternoon,  several 
months  ago.  I  came  home  earlier  than 
usual  from  the  office,  and,  proceeding  into  the 
dining-room,  found  an  otwjtruction  behind  tlie 
door,  which  prevented  it  from  opening  freely. 
It  wns  an  ooiitruction  of  a  soft  nature.  On 
looking  in,  I  found  it  to  be  a  female. 

The  ft?iiiale  in  question  stood  in  the  comer 
behind  the  door,  consuming  Sherry  Wioe. 
From  the  nutty  «mt41  of  that  beverage  per- 
vading  tlie  apartment,  I  have  no  doubt  she 
waa  consuming  a  second  glnssfu).  She  wore 
a  black  bonnet  of  large  dimeusiona,  and  was 


copious  in  figure.  The  expression  of  her 
countenance  was  Bevei*©  and  discontented. 
The  words  to  which  she  gave  utterance  on 
seeing  me,  were  these,  **  On  git  along  \vilh 
you,  Sir,  if  ^k  please  ;  me  and  Mrs.  Bigby 
don*t  want  no  male  parties  here  !  ** 

That  female  was  Mr».  Prodgit. 

I  immediately  withdrew,  of  coxjrse.  I  was 
rather  hurt,  but  I  made  no  remark,  Whethn 
it  waa  that  I  showed  a  lowneaa  of  spirits  after 
dinner,  in  consequence  of  feeling  that  I  seemed 
to  intnide,  I  cauuc»t  say.  But,  Miu-ia  Jane**. 
Mama  said  to  me  on  her  retiring  for  the  ni^ht : 
in  a  low  distiuct  voice,  and  with  a  look  ot  re- 
proach that  completely  subiiued  me  :  **  George 
Meek,  Mrs.  Prodgit  is  your  wife's  nurse !  ** 

I  bear  no  Ul-will  towards  Mrs.  Prodgit. 
Is  it  likely  that  I,  writing  this  with  tears  in 
my  eyes,  should  be  capable  of  delilienite 
animosity  towai'da  a  female,  so  essential  to  the 
welfare  of  Maria  Jane  ?  I  am  willing  to 
admit  that  Fate  may  have  been  U:>  bljime,  and 
not  Mrs.  Prodgit ;  but,  it  is  undrniably  true, 
that  the  latter  female  brotight  desolation  and 
devastation  into  my  lowly  dwelling. 

We  were  happy  after  hex  fii-st  appearanoe ; 
we  were  sometimes  exceedingly  so.  But, 
whenever  the  parlor  door  was  opened,  and 
"  Mrs.  Prodgit !  "  announced  (and  she  wns 
very  often  announced),  misery  ensued.  1  could 
not  bear  Mrs.  Pi-odgit*8  look.  I  felt  that  I  was 
fjir  from  wanted,  and  hatl  no  business  to  exist 
in  Mrs.  Prod^t*a  presence.  Between  Maria 
Jane's  Mama,  and  Mrs.  Prodgit,  th'^re  waa 
a  dreadful,  secret,  understanding — a  dark  mya- 
teiT  and  conspiracy,  pointing  me  out  as  a  Ijeiug 
to  be  shunuecl.  I  appeared  to  have  done  some- 
thing that  waa  evil.  Whenever  Mrs.  PiWgit 
called,  aft.er  dinner,  I  retired  to  niy  dressing- 
room — where  the  temperature  ia  veiy  low, 
indeed,  in  the  wintry  tirao  of  the  year — and 
sat  looking  at  my  frosty  hi-eath  as  it  rose  before 
me,  and  at  my  rack  of  boots :  a  serviceable 
article  of  furniture,  but  never,  in  my  o[iinion, 
an  exliiUtrating  object.  The  length  of  the 
councita  that  were  held  with  Mrs.  Pro<lgit, 
under  ihese  circumstances,  I  will  not  attempt 
to  describe.  I  will  merely  reiuark,  that  AIi's. 
Prodgit  id  ways  consumed  Sherry  Wine  while 
the  deliberations  were  in  progress  ;  that  tliey 
always  ended  in  Maria  Jane's  being  in 
wretched  spirits  on  the  sofa ;  and  that  Maria 
^  Janets   ILoma  fdwaya   reoeivetl   me.  when  I 


^& 


iS06 


UOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


(0«l»dlMN«l  If 


^ 
^ 


^ 
P 
h 

^ 


WRs  r<rcallen,  with  a  look  of  Jesolate  trinmnh 
that  too  plainly  ^'iJ'!,  "  JVt^iP,  Goovjie  Mcelc  • 
Voii  »0G  mv  i!»il(l,  Mrvri^  Jaois,  II  niin,  and  1 
hope  you  aiT  Ratistieil  !  '* 

I  f>Aaa,  gem- rally,  over  the  pcnrn^  that  inter- 
venetl  botweoii  the  Jay  when  Mi-s.  Prod  git 
entevetl  her  prot<?8t  acfainst  malts  [inrtieB,  ami 
the  ovtT-memoi-able  midnight  when  I  brought 
h(v  to  tjiy  unobtrusive  home  \n  a  K^ih,  with  tm 
extromtAy  large  lx»x  on  the  roof,  ami  a  Inmrlle, 
a  bnndbox,  and  a  Imsket,  betwiM^n  the  driver*a 
legs.  1  hav»j  no  objection  to  Mrs.  Pi-ixlgit* 
(jud^tl  and  idvelted  by  Mj-h.  Bigliy,  who  I  never 
cnn  forgot  i«  the  parent  of  Mana  Jji'i"^  *-i  t-o^nr 
entire  j>OM9«>:aaiou  of  n<y  nua.«4umiri  *- 

ment.     In  the  recesses  of  my  own  ,    iie 

thonj^ht  may  linger  that  a  man  in  [KinseMsion 
«imi«»t  be  so  dreadful  as  a  woman,  and  that 
Voiuan  Mrs.  Prodgit ;  but,  I  ought  to  bear  a 
good  deal,  and  I  hope  I  can,  and  do.  Huffing 
and  snubbing,  prey  upon  my  feelings; ;  but,  I 
C*n  iHjar  them  without  complaint.  They  may 
tell  in  tlio  long  run ;  I  may  Ive  hustled  about, 
from  post  to  piOar,  l»eyund  my  strength  ; 
novertlieleiis,  I  wit^h  to  avoid  giving  riae  to 
wcmk  in  the  family. 

Tlie  vtiice  of  Nature,  however,  criea  aloud 
in  behalf  of  Au^iatus  George,  my  mfant  son. 
It  m  for  him  that  1  wish  to  utter  a  few  plain- 
tive houM^hold  words.  I  am  not  at  all  aiigry  ; 
1  ani  mild-^but  mifierable. 

I  wiiih  to  know  why,  when  my  child. 
Augustus  George,  wna  expected  in  our  circle, 
a  provinion  of  pliifi  waA  made,  as  If  the  little 
Mtruii^ier  were  a  ciiminal  who  waa  to  be  put 
to  tho  torture  immediately  on  hi^  arrival, 
instead  of  a  holy  tmbe  ?  I  wish  to  know  why 
haat>'  \^  I-*  in'tdc  to  frtiek  those  pin*  all  over 
his  i  rm^  in  even,'  direetiou  I    I  winlj 

ix}  111  I  why  light  and  air  are  excluded 

from  AuguBttti  George,  like  poiaons  1  ^VHiy, 
I  u&kt  ]&  my  unoffending  iofimt  so  hedged  into 
a  boMket-bedfiftcad^  with  dimity  and  calico, 
with  miuLibture  ahceta  and  blank  eta,  that  I  can 
only  hear  him  snuffle  (and  no  wonder !)  deep 
down  under  the  pink  ho<i<l  of  a  little  bathing- 
machitte,  and  can  never  peruse  even  B41  much 
of  hill  lincamenta  aa  his  noae. 

Was  1  expecteti  to  be  the  father  of  a  French 
Eoll,  that  tne  brushes  of  All  Natious  were 
laid  in,  to  rafip  Augustus  George  ?  Am  I  to 
l)e  toltl  that  hia  sensitive  akin  was  ever  in- 
tended by  Nature  to  have  rashes  brought  out 
upon  it,  oy  the  premature  and  inc^saut  use 
01  tliose  formidaolo  little  isstruments  T 

1m  my  (ion  a  Nutmeg,  that  he  lb  to  be 
grated  on  the  stiff  edges  of  aharp  frillct  ]  Am 
I  thr  '^    ,f  a  Muslin  boy,  tnat  his  yield- 

ing f  )  be  crimped  and  amal  l-plaited  ? 

Or  J  1  oomposed  of  Paper  or  of  Linen, 

that  IIS  of  the  finer  getting-up  art, 

pl»t*'  ,   I  iie  laundre«,  are  to  be  printed 

aSf  ail  ovyr  his  soft  arms  and  legs,  as  I  con- 
stantly obeci-ve  th^m  ?  The  starch  entera  hia 
•oul  ;  who  can  wonder  that  he  criea  ? 

Waa  Auguutus  George  intended  to  have 
^imla,  or  to  be  l^»ora  a   Torao  T    1  presume 


that  limbs  were  the  intention,  as  tT  -  '  the 

usual  practice,    IIihi),  why  are  m  .  d'a 

ii-l  \u- 

Aiiaiyse  Castor  Oil  at  any   it  of 

Chemistry   that   m.ny   Im?  agree' I  ^nd 

itiform  me  what  resemblance,  in  f  .tn 

Ut  that  natural  pro^inion  which  uo« 
the  pride  and  duty  of  Maria  Jane,  U>   .-vlrui- 

niater  to  Auguatus  Grorgc  1     YcU  I  cbarg© 


Mre.  I 

Bigby) 
on  mv  i.,. 
his  birth* 


Med   and 

iiinticaUj"  1 

■•  ■■  i..    -on,  ff 

When  th/it 


.1 
Oil 
of 


Tills 


Tuoniiti|{;] 


cient  netion,  eausea  iij'  ',  o 

Augustus   George,    I    chaige    Mm.    1 
(aided  and  abetted  by  Mrs.  BighyJ  ^ 
Biinelyand  iTiconsiHtentlya<dmiiiisteTUi.t;  t'I^uui 
to  allay  the  atorm  abe  haa  raiacil  I     What  W 
the  meaning  of  thia  ? 

If  the  days  of  Ejrvptian  Muuinites  M*  pxl^ 
how  dare  Mrs.  Pi    '    '  '        *  " 

my  Bon^an  amouh 
wouki  carpet  my  1*.......,   i  •■- 

that  slie  requires  it  ?     No  ! 
within  an  hour^  I  beheld  thi^ 
I  beheld  my  son — Auguato- 
Prodgit's  bauds,  and  ou  Mt 
being  dressed.     He  was  at  1 1 
paratively  speaking,   in  a  t- 
having  nothing  on,  but  an 
Bhirt,    remark.ibly   disppoj^ 
length  of  Ids  ustml  outer  gt»  i 
from  Mrs,  Pro^igit^s  lap,  on 
long  narrow  roller  or  bandii;, 
of  several  yards  in  extent. 
Mrs.   Prodgit    tightly   Jx»U    tlio 
uno trending  infjuit,   turning   hi: 
over,   now   prrr^enting    his    nu'-' 
upwards,  now  the  bocTc  of  hi 
the  unnatural  feat  waa  accoi 
bandage  secmreU  by  a  pin,  \\ 
rsason  to  believe  entered  ibt 
clulfL      In    this    toumicjuet,  he 
present  phase  of  his  exinteuce. 
it,  and  smile  ! 

1  fear  I  have  been  betrayed  into  ex^r ^ 

myself  warmly,  but  I  feel  deeply.  Tsot  fisr| 
m^TBelf ;  for  Augustus  George.  J  dart*  ii«it  in- 
terfere. Will  any  one  ?  Will  any  |-uUicai« 
tion  ?  Any  doctor  ?  Any  p.ai'*'nt  1 
body  1  T  do  not  complain  that  Mi*a. 
(aided  mod  abetted  by  Mrs.  Pi;JC^»y) 
aUenates  Maria  Jane's  affectiona  frrfm 
and  interposes  an  im pass^iblo  < 
tween  us.  I  do  not  comjilain  ol 
of  no  account.  I  do  not  want  to  tM.-  .  :  .ml 
account.    But,  Augustus  Oeorse  la  a  pr<^inc- 

tion  of  Nature,  (I  cannot  thin^-  >  *^ ]^}  and 

1  claim  that  he  shouhi  be  t  h  aotnc 

remote  reference  to  Nabire.  ,.,  ....  wfiiujoa, 
Mrs.  Prodgit  is,  from  first  to  Uwt,  'm  ccnvto- 
tion  and  a  superstition.  Are  ull  thu  boolty 
afraid  of  Mrs*  Prodgit?    Jl  ..    doii4 

they  take  her  in  hand  and  iin  i  | 

P.  S.  Maria  Janets    Mauui    UMha;«  of 


be 
xng 

^a| 

J    >:ti)T.iui  nSjj 

In  thia,  1   saw 
body  of 
n     over 

.tiBirJous 


Cliui  J  kttov 


An^ 


CWlH  DkkmLl 


THE  TYRANT  OF  MDmiGlSSENOEK. 


£07 


^ 

¥ 


own  kiiawliM^je  of  the  subject,  jind  sajra  ahe 
hroimht  up  s«veu  children  1riHu:dides  Miiiiii  June. 
But,  now  do  /  kuaw  that  ^lic  might  not  have 
hroimlit  tbem  U]),  much  bett*?r  ?  Muria  Jatic 
hergJU^  is  far  from  str  '    '         '  "     *    ' 

heiuUchoH,  a»d  uerw  i 

whicli,  I  leitrn  from  ,,  ,..,,.,,,  ,..;.,.. 
tlu'it  <mo  cliild  m  live,  dits*  \iithiii  the  first 
year  of  ila  life ;  and  oue  child  iu  three,  witlun 
the  fifth.  That  dou't  look  as  if  we  coiild 
never  Loiprove  in  these  jmrticulara,  I  thiiik  I 
P.  P.  Sl  Augustus  George  is  in  convulaioua. 

THE  TYRANT  OF  MINNIGISSENGEN. 

"  Yocii  Serene  Highnesfl  tnii»t  not  forget 
Uiat  th<j  eye»  of  Earope  are  upm  ua ! "  ex- 
churuB^l  die  Eiron  Von  Rrobreclit,  Prime 
Minbt4T,  Commaudtr  of  the  Forces,  Privy 
CouiicUlur,  an<l  Minister  of  Fortjign  AJ9^r«of 
the  liiirieipality  of  Hesse  Miiuiigiaseugen. 

"  Butj  njy  deiu*  Baron,"  returned  the  Prince, 
^tointlu^  out  the  paittfi|;ey  ''  my  couein^a  letter 
cxpresisly  states  that  hi»  viait  ia  to  be  without 
cereiuony." 

The  Baix»n  Von  Rrobrecht  proudly  drew 
liiinatlf  up  to  hU  full  height  It  being  a.  eourt- 
d::iy  he  wjia  iu  full  dress  ;  the  **  Reception  "— 
which  lasted  exactly  ei^jht  minutea — was  just 
over.  The  display  upon  the  Baron's  small  round 
I>crson,  would  have  led  a  atiungcr  to  believe, 
that,  in  him,  were  concentrated  the  highest 
bouoiirift  of  the  greatest  re.'drn  in  Europe.  His 
coat  wag  atiff  with  embroidery  ;  and,  would 
have  been,  but  for  the  dinimiug  ravages  of 
Time,  gorgeous  with  gold  ;  it  was  fiiateued  at 
the  waist  with  a  rainbow  of  sKishes,  girdles,  and 
hiCe  ;  while  a  groleaqne  menagerie  of  honorific 
animals  dangled  at  hia  breast,  Ha\nng  ax- 
pttitd«Nl  his  peraon  to  its  utmost  d'uneoaions, 
to  giT©  the  greater  irapres^iiveness  to  hia 
ai*guin»*"»-i  ^i*'  ''rooeetled  to  5ay,  *'  Your  High- 
ne^  VN  mo  to  observe,  that  in  this 

atlair,  jr  suess'di  conaequeuce  and  con- 

side  rutjuu,  iii  the  eyes  of  foreign  courta,  are 
in  question.  When  1  had  the  honour  to  be 
attached  to  the  peraon  of  the  late  Prince,  youi- 
father,  we  were,  under  mmtJar  drciinistanjces, 
nccustometl  to  spare  no  eipenae." 

'*  Very  tnie  ;  and  more  than  onoe  yon  were 
ohlitjeil  to  pled^  to  the  Jevns  the  diamonds  of 
Uie  Prince^  my  late  beloved  mother." 

'*  But,  then,"  interrupted  the  Finst  Miniater, 
eagerly,  "  we  enjoyed,  amongirt  thfl  neighbour- 
ing priiicipalities,  tlie  reputi^ion  of  being  the 
moat  in>lifined  and  elegant  coort  in  G«:rmany. 
And,'  jwiTftisted  the  Baron,  "  to  what  did  we 
owe  your  illuatrioua  predecessor's  marriage  ; 
which  brought  him  a  revenue  often  thousand 
florins?  Why,  to  the  magnificence  of  hi« 
court,  when  your  august  uncle  visited  it. 
)^  ~  '  ^  "  his  brilliant  reception,  the  Grand 
I  ve  Kissaidcumageu  bestowed  on  na 

h.    ...,.,  L  ai  luarriayfe/' 

At  the  word  "uiiu  ringt!"  the  Prince  sighed, 
and  ttuiU  abstractedly,  *'Wetl,  Rrobredit ; 
nsceire  my  couain  aa  you  think  beat :  '*  and 


—to 

ulu- 

be    a 

IItiir»e 


then  sighed  again,  and  waa  soon  plunged  inta 
a  reverie. 

'*Niue  of  tlic  tmlaoo  servaitt  * 

new  liverit?*!,'  stvid  RrobrecUt^c 

1  Mjr,jiti^uta    •*  Your  SercJie  in-nms^.  wui 
<'  my  absence,    I  muHt  hasten   to  tke 
r!" 

That  annoxinceroent  suddenly  aroused  the 
roval  dro:auer. 

'"  To  the  tailor  ? "  he  repeated. 

"  To  the  tailor,"  said  the  funcltonary, 
mom 

"  l*hen  I  wUl  accompany  you." 

Popularity  was  thought  at  > 
the  great  diacomfort  of  that  th 
tbt,  the  Bai*on  Von  Rrobr*:^  in — <• 
necenaary  adjunct  to  the  throne  of 
Minnigisaengtu.  Revolution  wi^  stalking 
rapidly  over  U»'rmany ;  and  it  wm^  iii"»--iL:iry 
that  Uie  Prince  nhould  be  familiiu'  with  his 
people.  Thid  waa  not  dilBcuIt ;  for  his  rapitai 
oouBifited  of  seventy-eight  houses,  ant!  n  jt.»jin- 
lation  that  did  not  exceed  three-  hu-  1 

two  souls  ;  ten  per  cent,  of  whom  m  i 

in  arms. 

The  tailor's  house  was,  beyond  contnidic-* 
tion,   the  pretJi         '      "  ug  in  Mii 
bourgh  ;  it  wa  ;  t^l   by  a 

row  of  acacbs,  w,,,  .n  '^.  iu  then  in  hu*  .-nMnu. 
Under  theae  trees  his  8ereue  Highnosg  ex- 
pressed hia  intention  of  taking  **  a  turn,'* 
wlide  hia  Prime  Minister  entered  the  house 
to  uegociate  the  transaction  in  liveries, 

**  The  busiuesB  I  Itave  come  upon  ia  thia," 
said  Rrobrecht  to  Herr  HubeH  Ober- 
aclmeider ;  "  we  require  fifteen  new  state 
liveries  complete  by  the  end  of  the  week." 

"Ill  ■    <  "  gj^^i  the  tailor,  drily. 

"  >,  >, "      rejoined     the      Baron, 

hn-T.^  >*  e  luuxt  have  them.     His  Serene 

1]  fiiM-  H  cousin,  hia  Royal  Highness  the 
i'niiK-j,:  '>t  Saxe  Kifisankumigen  is  abont  to 
pay  U3  a  visit." 

"/,  too,  am  erpecting  a  riaitor,"  rejoined 
the  tailor ;  "  my  nephew— and  the  two  or  tlir&o 
first  days  after  hia  arrival  are  destined  to 
merry -makiri^.^ — No  work  will  be  done." 

**  So  !  '*  excJaimed  Rrobrecht,  with  severityf 
"  These  are  the  fruits  of  that  excessive  fami- 
liarity with  which  his  Hi^hncaa  indulges  his 
subjects.     It  renders  them  impertinent. ' 

Mr.  Oberschneider  lit  his  pi]>e.  "  Baron 
Rrobrecht,"  he  fsmii,  with  the  utmost  com- 
posure, "  you  have  the  option  of  giving  the 
Prince's  custom  to  any  other  t:ul'ti-  v.mi  i+lcvw  ; 
I  do  not  seek  it.  I  do  not  evr 
ment  of  ray  little  bill  of  four  hi;  i 

florins,  "ifhank  Heaven,  I  am  not  iu  n^ed  vf 
them  at  present  But,"  continued  the  tailor, 
"  why  do  you  require  fifteen  suits,  since  tliera 
are  only  nine  domestics  at  the  palace  ;  one  of 
whom  ts,  to  my  certain  knowledge,  bed- 
ridden?" 

"Because,"  replieei  Rrobreeht,  "we  are 
going,  provLsionaliy,  to  double  the  number  of 
our  retainers  "  Jis  the  tailor  went  on  sn^oking 
his  pipe,  with  an  irreverent  indifference  which 


£08 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


bctoki.»netl  obstinate  tinnncss,  tlie  Baron  found 
A  moUifvinj;  torn?  exjieiJieut.  "  Coni<?,  good 
Mti;Bter  *Hi»l>ert/'  he  wiixed,  *'  i\o  tJiia  for  the 
Prince,  And  we  will  not  quarrel  about  price/' 

**  1  am  hourly  expeclitig  my  ii<?pbew,"  was 
the  tjiilor'fi  next  remark.  *'  lie  »«  coraiug 
from  Fmis  after  having  completed  his  sUidies 
at  GOttiri;;eii.  He  is  A  ymmpf  man  who,  to 
jtid^'e  hy  the  money  he  hfta  cost  me,  must  be 
ft  wonderful  g;eiii\i8.  I  catiDOt  tbiiik  of  your 
tirte<fii  eiiitfl;  all  that  1  can  do  is  to  lena  his 
Highnesa  t/iy  people*8  clothes.  My  nephew^ 
I  dai-e  8«\v,  will  not  care  about  being  received 
in^mnd  Uvenea.*' 

The  Hiuv^n  jjr*Jai»^  iowawHy,  "  I  tnuat/'  he 
thought,  "  lownr  our  dignity  before  this  mij?er- 
able  tailors  moDey^bags  !"  The  Minister  of 
State  then  tapj^ed  his  snuff-b4a,  and  cogitated 
profoutnlly.  At  knj^th  he  cangVit  nu  idea. 
••  Vou  will  change  the  collars  and  facings  to 
our  colour  1 "  ho  asked. 

**  Willingly : "  and  Miist^'r  Hubert  held  out 
his  hand  to  the  Baron,  for  the  purpose  of 
diuchijij?  tlie  lvu*^^uu.  The  latter,  though 
deeply  shocked  at  thiJi  fanjiliarity,  thought  it 
b«tt«r,  under  present  circumstances,  to  Bwal- 
low  hi«  w^eiilnient ;  Jiwd,  exerting  a  gentle 
violence  o^'^er  liis  priflc,  he  niihJly  shook  the 
outHtretrhed  di|fit«  of  the  independent  tailor." 

"Ah  I"  thought  Itrobrecht,  an  he  pro- 
ccedotl  to  rejoiTi  the  Prince.  "  If  I  could  only 
persuaile  hi:*  Highnefta  to  impose  «onie  fioit  of 
income,  or  property-tax,  wc  .should  soon  pull 
down  the  pride  of  theae  moiii»^i  goutlemen/' 

As  he  advaueed  mider  the  acacias,  Rro- 
bi^cht  «liftoovei*ed  that  the  Prince  wiw  not 
ftlone.  He  wm*  too  tliscreet  n  courtier  to 
interrupt  a  t^t-a-t^tf^  and  bent  liis  btcpa 
where  numerous  and  jireaaing  engagomenta 
required  hia  presence.  The  sex  and  beauty 
of  the  Prince  3  companion  explained,  ixirhnps, 
the  eajLterness  with  which  he  uccomrxinied  his 
M  inigttn*  to  the  sjK>t.  He  waa  long  m  quitting 
it*  For  more  than  an  hour  he  and  Albertiua, 
the  tfiilor's  daughter,  paced  the  avenue- 
Early  on  tlie  morning  of  the  day  appointed 
for  their  visitor**?  arrival,  the  Xkrou  Von 
Rrobrtscht,  ma^uiticeutly  attired,  and  glitter- 
ing in  tlie  ethugence  of  all  hia  ordere,  prc- 
fkeuted  for  the  Prince'a  signature  a  ch>aely- 
written  prirchment :  it  waa  the  royal  couaeut 
to  the  m\rh  of  a  farm. 

"The  mean.^  are  violent,  I  must  admit," 
B&id  Krobreoht ;  **  but,  then,  our  peculiar  posi- 
tion demands  the  sacrifice  ;  we  slmJl  thua  lie 
enabled  Xo  receive  your  august  cousin  with 
proper  pomp  and  splendour. 

The  Prince  signed  without  reading. 

About  eleven  o'clock  in  the  forenoon,  Rro- 
brecht  again  marie  his  apnearauco,  to  amiounee 
that  some  peAsanta  hitd  seen  a  horseman  of 
diitingiiiiihed  mien,  hut  evidently  travelling 
incogiijto,  enter  the  inn  at  Zweibriiken,  on 
the  frontiers — about  a  quarter  of  a  league 
dint^uit — having  pre\-iously  inquired  liis  way 
to  Miunigitiaeulx>urgh. 

The  Prince  mounted  his  clurger,  and  aet 


off  to  meet  the  visitor,  accompanied  bv  Rro* 
brecht,  the  sohlier\\  and  the  band,  'f^  t^-U 
the  truth,  hia  Serene  Highne^aa  wm-  1 

at  getting  away  from  home  for  a  \ 

under    whatever   pretext   it   in;   1:!  'r 

during  the  hist  two  or  tlirt'  I  ^^  >!  \-^\ 
been    at    sixes    and   sevens    in    i !  % 

Hie  own  valet  hati  been  metaraoi ' 
the  Baron  into  a  «:»rt  of  grand  ch  >  u 

A  horrible  noiee  rendered  the  jwlact!  mii>»'ar- 
able.  Ail  the  old  etaterooms  had  Ixseu  fur- 
biaheii  \\\v  with  the  furnitux'O  which  but 
seanlily  garnished  the  private  apttHn»*-ntM, 

As  they  approache<I  tlie  frontier* « '  M 

A  den.*ie  doud  of  dust  at  a   alioi 
Rrohrecht  drew  up  hia  forces  in  oj^ti   '>t.icr, 
and  the  band  began  to  tune  theii'  in.*^tnmieiita. 
Tlie  Prince  was  an  amateur,  and  out  of  the 
fieveritv  men    of  which    hia  army   cotisiiJt«<i, 


{v 


t\\\l^^'^y^ 


forty-five  were  muaician.H.     In 
the  cloud  of  duet  increase<l  iif 
pinquity.     Rrobrecht  guve  tin 
band  struck  up  8pontini*8  ma/x/tr 

Then  there  JSi<ued  from  the  clou 
covered   with    foam.     A    tiguro   waa 
on   it,  clad  precisely   in  the  way   in 
a  peasant  would  suppose  noblemen 
The  costume  was  ultra-fashionAblc  : 
consisting  partly  of  the  di^esa  of  tb'-  < 
students,  and    partly  of  that  of  the    votmg 
Parisian  exquinites  of  the  day. 

He  halteii.  Iirol>recht,  who  h.nl  diiAnioQntCidv 
walkcii  solemnly  up  to  tlie  aide  of  the  horsr, 
and  commenced  reading  an  address  of  wd- 
come.    The  Boldiery  presented  arms. 

The  new  comer  stoc^l  erect  in  his  RtiiTn|Mi 
with  surprise.  The  Prince  Inugbcfl.  ffro- 
breciit  harl  not  got  further  in  bi-^.  n 

than — *'  Penetnited  with  a  i*enae  ot  t 

the  lionour  conferred  1  ty  your Xloyal  (  ^ 

presence,  we  cordiidly— — "  when 
man,  with  a  look  of  alarm,  ex' "- 
to  the  Prince  that  the  old  gen 
a  "dangerous"  lunatic  ;  for  a  :  „.    ..     ,  _ 
sort  he  a.*^8uredly  thought  him. 

"  This  ia  all  a  raistjaJce,"  said  tlio  Priiioev 

"  I  ahould  think  it  was,"  asat<'t*t4>(l  tj»^ 
stranger.  "  JJon't  you  know  who  I  urn,  old 
fellow  I  '* 

Theae  expresaiona  nasurerl  tha  B»u*on  thtA 
their  utterer  WftB  not  his  lioy.'i '  '  ^"  ' 

"  I  am  Heinrich,  nephew  t' »  t 

Oberschneidor,*'  continued  th^-    w  ■ 
student.      He  then  cantered  oil,  !• 

Boldiery  at  "pre-wnt  anna  ;  ''  the  L ,  .., , 

ing  the  march  of  triumph,  and   the   Priuco 
almost  reeling  with  laughter. 

The   Lonl   High   Chambcrliuii   ; 
mAuder-iu-Chief    pocketed    his    U' 
disgust,  ami  set  the  army  in  motion  toRaJvia 
home.     On   ai'riving   at   the  p.ilacc,  »  l*«llt'r 
was  put  into  tlie  Prince's  luirul  by 
man  (who  had  ijo&aed  them  on  th< 
nouncing   that   nis  cousin  had   been  ooii^:  '«i 
to  change  his  rotiie. 

Ever>i^hlng  waa  in   readiness   for  tfap  /'U 
which  was  intended  to  diuuzle  and  ostound  hia 


F 


ClMTlc*  DlcliciMJ 


THE  TYRA^^  OF  MIXNIGISSENGEN. 


&0d 


Eoyiil  Higlinesa  the  young  Priiict'  of  Sax©  Kus* 
inil*iini;....!i ;  and  the  Pmiiicr  was  iii  despair! 
1  ,  on  the  contran',  took  no  paias  to 

1  s  Jeiight.     *'  Bai'on/'  be  said,  "your 

taJeut  lur  airaDging  aud  managing  nffle  shall 
not  be  thrown  awity.  The  festival  shaJl  atill  be 
belli.  Yi>u  ht^e  my  pprniiftaion  to  invite  every 

111  in  the  city.'*  Hia  Serene  Highness  then  suit 
dowT),  and  wrot«  an  autograph  letter  to  Mr. 
Olx^rschneider,  inviting  him,  hlsdaurjhter^  and 
neplicw,  to  dinner.  At  thia  democratic  pro- 
ceed ling  Erobi'^cht  stoo<l  aghast.  He  trem- 
Weci  for  the  security  of  the  throne  of  Hetjae 
Mimiigissengen.  But  the  Prince  wna  TK-renip- 
tor)',  and  the  state  sen^nt  vim  obliged  to 
obey. 

The  invitation  »et  eveiy  member  of  the 
establiahment  near  the  acacias  in  an  exceed- 
ing flutter,  except  Heinrich,  That  young 
gentleman,  having  imbibed  the  politics  of  the 
least  respectable  ot  the  Parisiian  estamiuets, 
told  his  uncle  that  he  would  never  sit  at  the 
tabic  of  a  "  tyrant." 

01>ei'8chneider,  who  was  tying  on  hia  wliitest 
neckcloth  at  the  gUsa,  naa^le  a  pHmace  ex- 
pi-esaive  of  the  most  condif^  ridicule ;  to 
which  hi«  nephew  retorted  that  he — Hubert 
Obersclmeider,  tailor— was  a  worfthip];>er  of 
power,  and  a  sycophant !  The  uncle — an 
easy-^ing,  but  shrewd  man,  who  rogulnrly 
read  the  papera,  and  knew  wliat  wtts  going 
on  in  the  world  —  said  to  Ida  daughter, 
while  escorting  her  to  the  p:dace,  "  The 
truth,  is,  my  dear,  your  cousin  haa  got  hold 
of  those  egregious  notions  which  are  so  flat- 
tering to  people,  who  prefer  amusement  or 
idleness  to  work.  Property  is  robbery  j  re- 
eti-aint,  tyranny  ;  covemment,  brigandage." 

*'  How  very  odd  !  "  said  AJbertina  ;  who 
tcnew  nothing' of  politics,  and  waa  thinking  of 
the  Prince. 

The  tailor  went  on,  warming  ad  his  subject 
expanded^  "  Confounding  such  silly  theories 
with  the  glorious  acts  of  tlio  time  patriots, 
who  have  burst  the  bonds  of  royal  chicanery 
iJi  France,  and  of  tyranny  in  some  portions 
of  this  empire  ;  Heinrich  has,  1  fear,  brought 
tiotiona  home  to  mj  shop  which  will  unsettle 
the  heada  of  all  my  journeymen." 

**  How  vcty  naoghty  of  him  ! "  said  Al- 
b«rtina  ;  because  she  felt  it  was  necessary  ahe 
mufit  say  something  just  then. 

When  they  arrived  at  the  palace,  the 
Prince  received  them  in  the  throne-room, 
with  marked  distinction.  The  Baron  Rro- 
brecht  grimied  (like  one  of  the  heraldic  hvemia 
on  hid  breast)  and  bore  it,  with  wonderful 
foi'titude. 

The  dinner  went  off  well ;  because  the  rain, 
which  fell  in  torrents,  coidd  not  spoil  that. 
But-,Althougli  the  fire-works  proved  utterly  un- 
inflammable, the  thunder-storm  drowned  the 
music,  and  nolxxiy  could  dance  on  the  lawn  ; 
yet  AU>enina  wag  there,  and  the  Prince  was 
delighted.  &he  wore  hia  favourite  colours — 
wliUe  wiUj,  blu«  ribbons. 

**  itrobrecht,^'  said  he  that  night  alUr  Lia 


gDeatfl  had  departed, "  your //l^  was  charming 
and  aniusetl  me  immensely.  Yon  may  tuM 
another  farm  to-morrow." 

**  J!iometAin^  must  be  done,'*  returned  the 
Prime  Minister,  who,  to  his  other  nmltifarioua 
places,  added  that  of  Chaiicellor  of  the  Exchc 
quer ;  **our  coffers  are  exhau&teii,  and  two 
years'  revenues  have  been  already  anticipated. 
Only  one  resource  remains " 

"  Which  is  ? *'  interrogated  the  Prince,  aa 

he  folded  up  a  piece  of  blue  ribbon  and  put  it 
inside  hia  ve&t. 

"  Marriage  !  "  answered  the  principal  privy 
councillor  solemnly:  *'you  have  a  crowd  oi 
wealthy  and  noble  cousins,  out  of  which  you 
might  choose  a  wife — a  rich  wife," 

The  Prince  yawned.  He  was  tired.  Wonid 
Krobrecht  ring  for  hid  valet  ? 

Many  days  had  not  ehipacd  since  the  gnuid 
/St€  at  the  palace,  in  honour  of  the  prince  who 
did  not  arrive,  before  old  Hubert's  feara 
about  hia  nephew  proved  but  too  true.  He 
bati  originally  conceived  the  idea  of  getting 
up  a  match  between  Heinrich  and  AlWrtina ; 
but,  in  addition  to  the  young  student's 
coarse  and  turbulent  manners — which  wei\*  in 
the  highest  degree  displeasing  to  the  gii'l  — 
he  himself  made  no  etlorta  to  overcoujc  tliia 
visible  antipathy.  He  passed  his  tiine  in  the 
public- houses,  uttering  a  variety  of  common- 
placeii  to  a  pack  of  young  fellows,  as  idle  and 
xll-disposed  as  himself.  He  formed  thtm  into  a 
club,  suid  explained  to  them  his  political  creed. 
He  spoke  a  great  de^  about  Brutus  and  a 
"  bloated  oligarchy  ; "  by  which  he  meant  tlie 
first  minister,  who  united  in  his  o»^^  f»Hliry 
little  person  all  the  ain.Htocratic  :uid  oligarchical 
power  of  the  etat€.  He  denounced  the  Prince 
merely  as  an  incarnation  of  royalty,  against 
which  he  mu/At  war  in  the  abstract ;  but^ — be- 
cause, perhaps,  he  found  the  roll  of  the  liarou's 
name  tell  with  effect  in  his  harangues,  (for  he 
had  learned  at  Paris  to  revel  in  the  amine 
letter,  and  called  the  baron  "  H-r-r-r-ro* 
brechtr*)  to  him,  hia  enmity  was  releutlesaly 
personal.  Every  misfortune  that  happened 
to  anybody,  he  attributed  to  the  Governn»ent — 
otherwise  to  the  bloated  oligarchy — tithcrwise 
to  R-r-r-r-robrocht.  The  storm  on  the  night  ot 
the /A*  he  traced  to  the  vengeance  of  Heaven 
for  the  atrocious  vices,  corruptions,  antl  op- 
pressions of  the  Court.  When  Hans  Hiccup, 
the  cobbler,  reduced  himself  to  beggary  by 
beer,  and  nobody  would  trust  him  with  their 
boots,  Heinrich  held  him  up  as  a  martyr  to 
political  oppri'ssion,  and  demanded  an  or- 
gai.I:^tion  of  labour.  When  Madame  Magg- 
achifler'a  baby  took  the  smallpox,  Heiun<^ 
had  no  manner  of  doubt  that  the  infant  had 
been  infected  by  a  aecret  emissary  of  Govern- 
ment, The  club  spreatl  the  ^entiuienta 
which  their  leader  originated,  and  obtained 
the  aympathiea  of  all  the  idlers  in  Minnigia- 
senbourgh. 

Yet,  for  a  people  ground  down  by  all 
manner  of  social  and  political  oppreosiona,  the 
more  respectable  citizens  did  not  Bevm  an 


£10 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


uuluippx  or  discontcnUtJ  comiaunity.    Each 

livwi    in    tUe  bosom  of  hi*  fftinily.      Tn    the 

iimJci   tht'  '•■■'■  tluvt 

Uii^iii    1/ ■   iieiir«J   till'  CI.'  .    Willi  Us 

accoiJjpaiiimout  of  tlktie  «  i  nd. 

Ji  Iuip}Krite<l  Alxuit  thU  V .a-tL  a  violent 

liAil-stonn  iliJ  soaie  damage  Lo  the  crops. 
Tliia  wjta  iiii  oppMt-tiUiity  uot  to  be  lost ; 
ftccordintJ^ly,  Heinrich  and  bis  acoly t4j«  spread 
tlifiiii^tftvts  vvtiv  the  priucipidity  (this  was 
eriuu  done,  tind  .it  a  co8t  for  U'avellliig  ex- 
penses riuilc  iiioiijuial)^  l>ewtiiliLig  the  loas  of 
the  huiil>!Uidjii^ii,  Tliey  indLuuated — witliout, 
however,  duriog  o^reidy  to  avow  it — that  one 
of  the  ri^diU  uf  the  j^gricultunU  interest  was 
that  of  not  liaving  their  fields  cut  up  by  the 
kail. 

This  (Wtriue  awm  V>eoame  popular  ;  for, 
decidodly,  the  most  diao^reeable  of  all  human 
luiMr«»rl(jiics  are  those  which  we  are  unable 
to  lay  at  our  neij(hbour'a  door.  We  would  ail 
of  iia  miller  Ltv  stijued  by  a  maii  upon  whom 
we  Koi  l>e  rcveuginl ;  thiUi  receive  a  couple  of 
atfridilet^,  for  tlie  £ull  ot'  which  uo  one  id  re- 
ei>otiaible.  Urgf.d  oq,  therefore,  by  the  Club, 
thv  firiuera  profited  by  the  hsLilatonii  to 
nej^lfct  paying  their  rents,  aud  to  utt4*r  loud 
cojiij»sjiiu;t.s  :iiiid  Woeful  huuenUUious. 

Th'.-  cunsfupience  of  such  dufalcationa  was. 
tli.nt  Lht>  S)  in.  Ti'.i'iijsui'y  became  uiore  hihI 
luore     i(!j:  I  ;     aud    Brobreeht     w:is 

obligod  ('.  J'  more  ecrvauiss,  aud  Bell 

two  of  liio  tiiree  horaea  which  his  royal 
master  fitlll  ])0ii8ea»ecb  Uudifr  these  dis- 
•^icH-'able  eircuuijsjtjincea,  however,  the  Priuc* 
had  iiiR  ooii8ohitioua.  He  practii^eti  new 
RyQiphunios  with  hia  muAiciaiiB;  he  [lafified 
hiss  liiiiL'  iu  lui^liuf^,  and  in  lioutniaing  expe- 
ditioUH  iuto  tljr  '     ^         to  tJie  dwelliug 

of  Mo:!*tcr  Uu\ '  li-r  ;  aud  where, 

by  jfumie  extr.i-,..,,,^..i_,  ...i.^aLt'uatiou  of  cir- 
cuuistaiiccH,  he  had  veiy  frequeutly  the 
pleneure  of  meeting  iVlbertina. 

One  day  the  atudent  Heinricb,  mouuted 
upon  a  t'lble  covered  with  pots  of  beer  and 
driukiug  horti.%  upoke  thud  to  his  followers, 
at  wiiat  li*!  WHK  fik^aaed  to  tarm  a  Monatfr 
ili:<eLti)«jf.    Tlilrty-eeveu  wer«  actually  ijreaent, 

*'  It  is  time,  my  friends,  that  a  corrupt  and 
bluiif    '     '  !iy  should  ceaac  from  ratteiiini; 

tln'ii  u  our  substance  I     It  L*  eijw- 

oidicL  ii-M.  int'ducctj  the  insolence  of  kiugn  ! 
Let  UA  1  cud  asund^i-r  the  chains  that  have  to<j 
hiug  heM  laptive  our  l>eautiful  lathcrhmd. 
I>.'t  ut^  brwik  the  yoke  of  tynumy  I  Let  u& 
prococd  at  oncu  to  the  pala'^e,  whei-e  the 
tynuit  give^  hiinself  up  to  impure  delights, 
surroumled  by  his  ferocious  eatelUt^  :  let  iia 
recluini  our  righta  and  libertiea,  or  periah  in 
the  attcJupt ! " 

By  tlie  tinie  the  peroral  ion  wiw  fiuiahed,  the 
cr<»wd  hjid  incitiased  ec»nsiderabiy. 

While  these  aifair**,  big  with  the  fe-te  of 
Mituii^isaeuboiii^h,  were  pasaing  at  the  in^r- 
luitii^  Lhe  Prince  was  sauntering  iu  Ida  ganlen 
«ui  tiding    bluiself   with    plucluug    the  dead 


leaves  from   four  favourite    earn  nd 

angling  for  rhymes  for  a  ei^imet  t- 1  .  *'« 

blue  oyes.  **  Jjewires  "  aJtd  **  fii-es  w*  r^y  just 
jurangijiy  thejiia^dves  ptt^ttily  at  the  ends  oi 
a  couplet,  when  the  {^ouapirators — to  thni 
uuniber  of  eighty-three — burning  with  hear 
my]  p..i,-;..t;.,,:  -.I-,-: ,.-..,  1  -a  ti.<.  Y.nlHcejrateau 

hail    ,  represented 

by  one  old  ^utry,  who  was  then  busily 
engaged  iji  praetising  on  the  flute  his  pnrt  la 
the  new  s^'mphony  of  Beethoven'-  'be 

band  was  to  perform  on  the  fol  ly. 

Thia  warrior  jjemiitted  the  i  sa, 

on  their  stating  that  they  d*  to 

the  Prince.     But,  aa  a  prelinn  i  -n, 

he  ahouldeiied  hifi  forelock,  "^ . ]  i  •  f  ** 

op  in  line  with  his  isentrv-lxjx  ,  a  Ue 

invaders   to  be   ao   good   as  to  1,  i^e 

gravel-walke,  and  not  to  phick  th' 

The  Prince,  though  a  little  Kurprij^eti  at 
this  great  gathering,  tunied  his  calm  and 
indifferent  countenance  cjiieics-sly  mi  tbe 
troop  ;  and,  when  he  deinondid  whftt  th«*y 
wanted  with  him  ?  no  one  Itml  suft  rve 

to  epeak.     They  rei>lied  only  by  <  nd 

almost  unuitelUgible  cries;  mnoi  -h, 

howevcT,  might  be  detected  a  tin  ^  r- 

ing,  which  tiomided  like — ^"  Dow«  ^>iLii  Uio 
t}Tant  I " 

The  Prince  smiled^  and  in  a  voice  ^kicK 
waa  clearly  autlibte  aliove  llie  whiftpend 
clamour  of  the  disaffected,  said — 

*'  Let  some  one  among  you  j*pcak  for  the 
whole :  for  if  yon  all  gpeak  iu  turiifl  tt  will 
t&ke  up  too  much  time  ;  aud,  if  altogether,  thm 
uoi«c  will  be  deafening." 

At  these  wordti  thero  whb  a  dead  sileoeeu 
All  recoiled  u  few  [wwes  ;  Iwiving  by  common 
assent  tc  tlie  student  Heinrich,  the  right  o3 
ex])laining  tliose  grievauceg,  of  which  uoti-e 
were  exactly  cojBnii>M*^iit. 

"We  stand  hei'e,*'  said  Heinricb,  "in  tlje 
name  of " 

'♦  Will  you  take  a  seat  ?"  internipted  tlio 
Prince,  pointing  to  a  inastic  diair. 

'*  We  come,"  continued  the  oiutiir,  not 
heetiing  the  iwlite  invito  ion,  *'t^>  prtfteat 
against  abu»et»  too  long  sujirejred.  We  comn 
in  the  name  of  the  People !" 

'*  My  gootl  friend,"  said  the  Prince.  "  My 
I>eople  are  not  so  numeroua  as  to  have  n<ied 
of  dek^gatea  ;  thuv  might  vciy  wdl  sjji.v*k 
for  themselves.  l^et  tliciu  afiseuible  to- 
morrow in  the  great  court  of  the  palace,  and, 
if  they  wisli  it,  we  w  ill  have  a  chat  together*" 

"  The  People  have  no  time  to  wait  T'  ex- 
claimed the  orator  fiercely. 

"  Believe  me,  Monsieur  Hcinrich,  my  call- 
ing of  Prince  is  not  such  adelighlfiil  one  that 
I  should  iiesire  to  play  it  every  day.  I  abaJl 
be  a  prince  to-morrow  ;  to-divy  I  am  bnt  a 
private  individual,  very  anxious  respecting 
the  fat«  of  a  beautiful  caraatiou  of  wliich  X 
have  just  set  a  cutting.  As  a  private  intlivi- 
duid,  thci*cfore,  1  deaii'e  to  be  nuutcr  in  my 
own  bouAo.    So,  my  liiends,  be  aulviiod  bv 


THE  TYRANT  OF  JdlNNIOISSENGEN. 


me,  Atn\  go  houiti  ;  &Dd^  above  all  thinga,  do 

I  liifi  friends.  **Are 

yu  i  ^  ,  1 1  the  evaaive,  tbe 

fcrodouii  iroujf  wliicli  1iaj»  dictated  the  tynuii's 

♦*My  worthy  frieud,  Hcinrich,"  said  the 
Princti  quietly,  "you  really  mutt  be  «o 
obliging  as  to  leave  my  ^xieo.  It  would 
^ive  iiie  g^nat  [uiiii  to  use  loroe,  even  with  my 
otne.*' 

*  I  •ee,"  said  Ht^m^ieh^  "■  that  the  end  of 
the  oareer  whifb  I  have  embraced,  will  bring 
me  but  m,  mart yr's  civjvvn ;  but  I  am  ready  to 
»he«l  my  blood  for  the  People.  T»ku  my 
head  !  " 

•*  Your  head  f  What  ahould  I  do  with 
your  head }  I  am  sure  I  ahould  find  it  air 
utterly  iiia.ele8i  aa  you  do,"  responded  the 
Priuc*?.  '*  I  shall  expect  my  people  to-morrow. 
I  have  ffouie  cxoelleat  beer  ;  and  we  will  talk 
over  our  aJikint.  In  caae  of  rain,  there  ahail 
be  .lit  awning,*' 

AVheu  the  delegates  had  departed,  th« 
Prince  made  a  bouquet  of  hid  finest  cama- 
tiotis  for  Albertina;  and  wrote  t<:»  remind 
her  that  «he  bad  pn^niised  to  waits  with  bim 
on  the  enauiug  evening. 

At  daybreak,  on  the  following  moi-nlng, 
tbe  bond  assembled  at  tbe  palace,  for  the 
final  njiheara-'il  of  Beetboven'a  »jTnphony, 
whicli  wui  to  bo  performed  for  the  first  tim« 
in  '  '  '  'it  evening- 
earth  can  my  people  want  with 
mt  :  <-,.., vi^ht  Richard  ;  **and  wltat  unfor- 
tunate aocideut  can  liave  n*oailod  to  their 
minds  tl»at  I  am  a  prince  ?  However,"  he 
exclaimed  to  a  servant,  "rinae  out  some 
gtaae^  for  my  People  !  Uapf^  the  aovvireign 
who  Cfin  tbu&  hob-nob  with  niit  subjecta  !" 

At  the  appointed  hour,  aii  aasemblage  of 
abuut  one  hundred  f persons  made  their  ^>- 
peiiranct?  at  the  palace.  After  them  came  a 
'  to  fiee  what  the  firat  were 
\  the  whole  of  the  remaining 
II-  ,1  .i.o  erapital,  who  were  amiable 

^     rittoii,  brought  up  the  rear,  anxiooa 

'$»  MMrtfdn  the  cauae  of  tbe  imaccustomed 
gaiherinir. 

"  My  tnends,"  said  his  Serene  Highueaa, 
*  drink  your  beer  while  it  is  freah," 

Tlje  pouple  did  as  they  were  toM. 

When  tb^  barrela  had  to  be  tUted,  the 
Prince  a&kc<i  hi»  people  what  they  wanted  J 
**  Have  I,"  he  sjiid,  **  ever  interfered  with  your 
pteoimrt:)  or  yonr  aflairs  I  Do  I  even  Imow 
vk  hut  you  do^  or  how  yo\i  paas  your  time  ?  " 
1  )i  .wu  with  the  tyrants  ! "  said  Heinrich. 
iJ'own   with  the   tyrantB ! "  ahouted  the 

lb  io  cuckoo  choma, 

••Why  iR  the  Prince  surroiiiid«d  with 
goanb  f  **  demanded  Heinrich. 

*I  am  surrounded  by  my  muMciana^** 
replied  the  Prince;  ''the  rest  of  the  aoldiers 
are  ^«ne  oot  to  take  a  walk, — ^Pray  be  silent 
f'^  lunt  and  listen  to  me: — Have  you 

a>  I  -omplain  of  ]     Are  you  unhappy  I 


I  am  not  rich ;  but  he  among  you,  whoever 

he  be,  who  has  v^'-'^  -^  ^"  partake  of  my  «oup 

or  my  beer,  has  i  i  been  w»;lcoj«e  i  *' 

**  We  desire,":  licb,  the  **  liberty  of 

"  Ybb,  we  desire  the  liberty  of  the  prwi,'* 
repeated  the  Club. 

^  Well,"  i^plieil  tbe  Prince,  "buy  a  prest  if 
jrou  want  one.  You  have  my  full  liberty  to  uao 
it  if  you  know  how.  But,  ulna,  I  am  afraid  that 
there  are  a  great  many  of  you  who  cannot 
read,^' 

Something  waa  then  enid  about  ^  dying  for 
lilwrty  and  fatherland/*  but,  during  the 
parley,  Rrobrtxbt  hail  micceeded  in  collecting 
the  scattered  forces,  and  now  disposed  them 
round  the  court-yard.  "  I  beg  lo  acquaint 
your  Highnww,"  said  he  pompc^usly,  *'  that 
our  troops  bem  in  the  rebels  on  all  sides,  and 
that  they  arw  now  in  our  power." 

"  I  am  sorry  to  hear  it,"  said  BIchard ; 
**  for  what  am  I  to  do  witli  reb<;ls  ?  I  have 
no  place  to  put  them  in.  llwre  is  but  one 
prison  in  Minuigissenbourgb,  and  tliat  I  con-* 
verted  h)ng  affo  into  an  orangery,  Diamisa 
the  eoldifin  1  ^ 

"'  Bat  if  I  mi^ht  suggest  to  your  Highn^s 
— your  personal  safety — " 

*^  Pray  don't  alarm  yours^  about  trifles, 
Brobrecht,  and  do  as  I  bid  you." 

"Treachery!"  ahouted  Heinrich,  aa  the 
aoldicrs  dispei-sefL 

"  Treacher)' ! "  echoed  the  Club. 

**  Tlie  pahice  of  the  tyrant  L*  about  to  b© 
reddenea  ^^'''-  *'■»'  blood  of  patriots  I  " 
Bcnsaixiad  II  : '  laniely . 

But  no  dii.^  v  (uithumasm  was  t^t  l:>e 
infttsud  into  the  other  TiatrioU ;  too  mticb  of 
whose  attentions  were  nvetted  on  the  Prince's 
beer.  When  they  found  the  csisks  producing 
nothing  but  lecii,  they  sauntered  peaceably 
home. 

After  the  signal  fiiilure  of  this  '^demon- 
stration/' nil  went  on  well  for  some  time 
But  the  lil>erty  <»f  the  "Press"  was  tukea 
sd^-antiune  of — only  the  pen  supplied  it*  pI»eo 
Heinrich  started  a  newspi4ier  u;  maruL^eript 
although  never  was  a  plaoe  so  destitutt^  o; 
news  as  MinnigissenlK^urgh ;  however,  even 
for  the  few  oocurreneca,  there  were  "  leatlers  " 
ready^auule.  "Br-r-r-rubrecht/'  above  all,  was 
never  spared  ;  and  the  latter  came  one  day  to 
the  Prince  to  request  his  permission  to  start 
a  newspaper  also. 

"They  have  desired  the  Hberty  of  the 
press,"  said  his  Highness  ;  "you  have  it,  and 
may  use  it  as  you  tiiink  proper," 

Then  be^au'  the  great  paiKT  war  between 
Ili'ubrecbt  and  Heinrich,  The  journals 
appealed  every  morning.  Heinrich  expressed 
ill  every  uuml>er  his  conviction  that  all 
princes  were  criminala ;  Brobrecht  inculcated 
that  a  sovereign  s  most  trivial  action  waa 
angelic 

As  there  was  scarcely  any  news  stirring  in 
the  cit}'  from  month's  end  to  mouth^s  end, 
the    Baron's   journal   Vk-as   a   iort  of    ooart 


313 


HOUSEHOLB  WORDS. 


rr«BduciiBiif 


:b*cular.  One  day  he  amiouncod  *^that  His 
Serene  Hig]ine«3  wjis  in  excellent  bealtli 
and  8jiiiiit3  ;  no  atlditiou  wivs  made  to  the  illuB- 
triouii  dinner  circle ;  tmd  Hi»  Serene  Higboess 
ate  French  beiuia."  V)n  the  next  Heiurich's 
paper  came  out  with,  **How  long  will  mn 
enslave*]  people  suffer  tyi-anny  to  eat  French 
htiotm  } "  In  the  succeeding  number  of  Rro- 
breelit  s  paper  it  was  rejilied,  "that  the  Prince's 
fondne&s  for  French  beana  showed  his  un- 
flinching desire  to  encourage  agriculture." 

"  It  iSj"  retorted  Heinrich^  In  Number  thi'ee, 
**  a  bittiir  mockery  of  the  people,  who  cannot 
afibltl  Buoh  *,*xi)en8ive  liixuriea/' 

One  evening  the  Prince  waa  walkinc  under 
the  lime-trees  :  Albertina  happened  (occi- 
denltiily^  of  course)  to  be  parsing  that  way. 
She  showe<l  the  rival  papers  to  the  Prince. 
He  htughed  heartily  at  Heinrich^a  denuncia- 
tions, and  commanded  Brobrecht  to  discon- 
tinue hiu  **  organ  "  idt.<jy:etlier. 

In  tlie  meanwhile  Prijice  Richard'a  affairs 
went  from  bad  to  worse,  until  they  brought 
Lim  to  the  condition  of  a  gentleman  in  very 
cmbarrai3sed  circumstances.  He  had  hardly  a 
florin  to  bless  himself  with.  Retrenchment 
waa  imperative.  He  therefore  uasembled  hi» 
firmy  and  addressed  his  brave  soldiery  in  the 
following  terma  : — 

"  My  friends,  I  have  no  longer  the  lueanH  of 
paying  you  your  wages.  I  have,  accordingly, 
dibposed  of  your  servieea  to  a  great  power, 
who  wilt  lead  you  into  Africa.  You  will  hitve 
double  pay." 

The  Commissainat  arrangements  were 
neither  extensive  nor  intricate  ;  and  the  entire 
force  was  aoon  in  heii\'y  marching  order  (bantl 
included)  ^nth  dm  ma  be^iting  and  colours 
flying.  The  departing  army  made  its  first 
halt,  on  its  way  to  Africa,  at  Zw^ibriiken, 
avillagt*  celebrated  for  the  excellence  of  itn  malt 
liquor;  its  Heinrieh  wasnlwnys  ready  to  teatify> 

Kene'  of  Anjou  hm  said,  that  a  king  without 
niuaic  is  a  crowned  fuss;  and  the  Prince,  after 
the  departure  of  his  biavc  band,  became  the 
moat  tujhappy  of  potentutea.  Albertina  aJone 
consoled  him  ;  but  in  a  very  Bhort  time  she 
alao  took  her  departure,  accompanied  by  a 
female  tittcndaut.  Tiie  alleged  reaaon  for  the 
jouniey  was  a  visit  to  an  old  relation. 

The  loss  of  his  lainis,  of  bia  fj.rtiine,  of  his 
nrmy,  and  even  of  his  Iwind,  did  not  affect  tlie 
Prince,  it  wtis  oljservedj  bo  much  aa  this  j  and 
the  Prince  placed  in  Rrobrecht  8  hiinds  a 
letter  addressed  to  his  uncle,  without,  how- 
ever, deaij'iug  hini  to  take  it  to  ita  destination 
without  loss  of  time.  The  letter  ran  as 
foUou^  :■ — 

''My  dear  Uncle, 

"  I  neither  can,  nor  do   I  any  longer 
desire  to  romkiia  a  Prince. 

•'When  you  rcceivo  the  letter  1  eliall  hiivo 
taken  my  depwtims  from  my  dominions.  1 
abaoduu  to  you  all  uiy  rightr, ;  requiring  ouly  at 
yom'  hands,  05  a  cotiipcnKutiun  for  the  aaine,  a 
yearly  pension  of  one  tlioa.'jand  five  hundrod 
ilorins«    I   will  let  you  know  when  you  ore  to 


forward  me  ray  pension.     Keep  Rrobnsclil  dqat 
youj"  perbon,  he  ia  a  good  and  loyal  servttnt. 

"  1  embrace  you  aflectionutcly* 
"  AuausTua-llicnARD  Fredi:ric-Kiinio»t- 

ALPHOXfiXrHAKfi-AUBKItT.'' 

And  the  following  morning,  as  soon  na  thn 
rising  snn  had  tinged  with  its  rii*at  rt«y 
beam*  the  rauslin  curtains  of  his  Ited-rooni 
windows— silk  curtains  were  u.sed  only  in  the 
thj'oue-room — Ida  Serene  Highness  s]>ran« 
from  his  couch,  dressed  himself  hastily,  and 
prtK^ceded  to  pack  into  a  small  valise  his  four 
moat  precious  articles.    To  wit : — 

A  small  canvas  bag  contaming  thirty 
crowiiH. 

A  blue  sash  which  had  formerly  eDoirded 
the  taper  waist  of  the  jiretty  Albertina. 

Albertina's  letters. 

HifJ  favouj-ite  flute. 

This  done,  he  glided  down  stab's^  placed  the 
valise  upon  his  horse,  mounted,  ond  took  his 
deimrtiire  from  Mimiigiasenbourgh,  never  to  | 
return. 

When  he  had  reached  the  outskirts  of  the 
town^  he  i>auMed  and  looked  round,  and  hia 
eyes  rested  upon  the  acacias  which  orer- 
fihadoweil  the  tailor's  dwelKmig*  After  a  long 
gaze,  he  sighed  and  went  his  way. 

His  horse  padded  on  steadily  ;  till,  toiraurds 
evening,  he  arrived  at  a  little  forest  retreat, 
suiTOunded  by  acacias,  and  fronted  by  a  nicely- 
mown  grass-plot,  dotted  \>ith  severM  flower- 
beds, each  containing  a  variety  of  plant«i  iu 
full  bloom.  He  thonglit  of  his  own  camationa^ 
and  wished  the)'  could  be  tninsplanted. 

He  entered  the  cottage,  and  an  a^ed 
domestic  recL*jved  him  politely.  He  had 
scarcely  sat  down  near  the  window,  vvhtai  he 
perceived,  at  a  turning  of  the  gravel  wtdk, 
two  ladies  approaching.  One  oi  then)  wa« 
old,  of  a  gentle  fuid  preposseeaing  counte- 
nance ;  the  other  was  Albertina. 

In  a  few  \Yords  the  ex-Prinoe  put  the  ladiea 
in  posaeasion  of  all  that  had  occurred,  '*  Al- 
bertina," said  the  Prince,  "  how  sweet  would 
be  a  life  spent  liere  with  you  !  I  cannot  now 
demand  your  liaud  after  having  foregone  the 
l^ossession  of  it  when  I  was  a  prince.  Behold 
to  day  my  entire  fortune  !  I  have  thirty 

ducats   in   my   valise,   and    1   am  aasured   & 
pension  of  fifteen  hundred  florins  a-year/* 

"My  Prince,"  said  the  aunt,  "you  have 
no  cause  for  despair.  Albertina  loves  you, 
Hemain  here.  She  shall  come  to  see  me  evei^ 
month ;  and  when  I  shall  have  been  awured 
that  your  resolution  of  marrying  her  is  uot 
the  result  of  a  momentary  enthusiasm  -,  when 
I  am  convinced  that  you  do  not  regret  your 
palace  and  power ;  then  we  will  arrange  all 
for  the  beat. 

Richard  could  make  no  other  reply  than  that 
of  kissingthe  wTinkled  handof  the  kind  old  lady. 

When  she  presented  to  him,  a  month 
later,  tlie  Uttle  hand  of  Albertina,  he  ex- 
cL*umed,  as  he  pressed  it  to  his  lips,  "  Adieu, 
adieu,  Hesse  Miimigiflscugen ;  adieu  the  sad 


cwi«iflcta-,.]   THE  BUILDERS  HOUSE  A:ND  THE  BRICKLAYER'S  GAKDEN.     «3 


past ;  and  yd  blessings  be  upon  it,  if  it  has 
been  the  price  of  the  future  ! ""  The  future  was 
hiipplneas  both  to  him  and  to  AJbertinau 

As  plain  uno.^tentatious  ni&n  and  yvii'e^ 
they  lieuceforth  lived  in  the  cottace  part  of 
the'year,  and  in  the  finest  seasons  took  pleasant 
toMr^  to  different  parts  of  Europe. 

Tlie  conclusion  of  the  history  of  the  great 
pfsKf..... I  '"nvement  which  cnuaed  tho  ultimate 
' :  i   the  amiable  "  tyrant  "  of  Hease 

2\!  .  D^eu  i^  aoon  told.  By  twelve 
o'clock  on  the  day  upon  which  the  Prince 
fled  there  were  eight  prinees  of  Hesse  Minni- 
gissengen  ;  that  evening  there  were  ex- 
actly thirty-two.  On  the  following  morn- 
ing/ the  Prince'a  uncle — who  had  gladly 
aooepted  hia  nephew's  offer — sent  over  to 
Mlnni^sgenbonrgh  an  armed  foi-ct\  consiating 
of  a  corporal  and  ten  men  ;  which,  in  the  brief 
spact*  or  two  hours,  effectually,  and  for  ever, 
nipped  th(!  burMing  cei-ma  of  the  great  ifiiini- 
gisseubourgh  revolt.* 


THE  BUTLDEK'S  HOUSE,  AND  THE 
BRICKLAYER'S  GARDEN. 

BY    AN    ErE-WlTlTESS  AXD   SUFFERER. 

I  LrvT-  in  a  damp  honse.  Nothing  am  cure 
it.  The  form,  or  outline,  of  my  house  is  in, 
the  uflual  bad  modem  taste,  or  rather  the 
tirnial  no-taste  of  the  arreat  mass  of  trading 
builrlui-s  of  the  day  ;  and  at  tho  back  there  is 
a  bit  of  garden,  enclosed  by  three  vviJla,  and 
'^  laid  out "  for  mo  iu  the  usual  no-tafite  of 
hanl  Ptmight  Une«,  My  second  floor  back 
window  commands  a  view  of  a  long  row  of 
ni'w  houaea,  which  will  inevitably  be  aa  damp 
m  my  own.  Each  \iaa  its  garden — all  exactly 
alike,  and  as  hanl-favoure<l  and  graodets  aa 
mine.  Thi»  is  no  ^rt  of  conaolation  to  mew 
On  the  contrary,  by  reason  of  my  syiDpathy 
with  those  who  will  become  their  tenants, 
they  multiply  my  own  grief  and  indignation. 
Aa  I  hare  wiitched  the  rise  and  progress  of 
the  whole  row,  day  by  day,  fi-om  the  very 
first  brick  (every  morning  during  the  in- 
terv.ila  of  shaving),  I  am  eaaliled  to  recoi\l 
the  same,  in  the  hope  that  it  may  Iw  of  some 
little  puWic  service. 

I  abould  premise,  that  by  the  term  of 
f*  builder,"  I  do  not  so  much  refer  to  the 
regidarly  traincrl  master  of  tho  cral^  who 
often  works  under  an  ai-chitect,  and  always 
upon  sound  legular  principles  (though  he  is 
frequently  guilty,  like  the  rest),  aa  to  that 
very  large  class,  who,  having  risen  by  their 
industry  and  skill  aa  maater  bricklayers, 
ouglit  to  have  remained  in  that  position,  and 
not  to  have  started  forward  as  the  builders 
of  heaps  of  houses  and  innumerable  streets, 
filling  our  extensive  suburlis  with  ill-drained, 
Incommodious,  damp,  and  shapeless  abo<les. 
*•  Living  in  u  free  country,"  of  course  this 
oinnot  be  prevented  ;  theouly  way,  therefore, 

"  Tlie  MtillQo  of  this  tftle  !■  tftkea  fhwi  aa  smtuiog 


(Mr. 


to  bring  about  a  salutary  reform  in  these 
matters,  is  to  make  the  public  more  alivo  to 
the  evil,  and  more  wary  than  pt*ople  usurtlly 
ai'e— in  tsiking  a  houw,  It  is  more  p-sp^^MilK- 
needful  to  be  cautious  at  this  time, 
expectation  of  a  nilllbn  or  two  ot 
visitoi's  in  Lnnddn,  j&v>m  the  jiroviitct-A  u 
than  from  the  continent  of  Europe 
Thomas  Miller,  of  Eilinbrn  li  T.  i~  rx.t  *', 
calculation  that  there  wi 

visitors),  is  causing  new  1  i 

streets  upon  streets,  to  be  "run  up  *  with  a 
rapidity  which  may  very  well  accord  with  the 
new  building  principles  of  iron  and  glass,  l*ut 
IB  very  unsuitable  to  the  old  principles  of 
bricks  and  mortar. 

But,  to  the  point.  I  live  in  a  damp  house 
— ugly  in  shape,  with  n  shaped-  -  '  -  -ami 
I  hjive  taken  it  for  a  lease  of  -.A 

friend  of  mine  recently  to<:»k  ;*  ..  ,..  ui  the 
country  on  a  \eivi*;.  It  was  in  the  tiumiuer 
that  he  took  it,  .as  I  did  mine,  and  it  wns  then 
dry  enough  ;  but  iu  ^Hinter  wjw  so  djunp 
that  he  was  obliged  to  shut  it  up,  and 
when  he  went  to  look  at  it  in  tlie  spring, 
moasea  and  fungus  had  grown  from  the 
ceilings  on  the  ground- floor,  and  a  colony 
of  toadstools  hsid  risen  up  in  tho  dining-ixiom 
comers.  I  am  more  fortunate  than  that. 
By  dint  of  thes  iu  rdmost  every  room,  I  am 
live  iu  my  house  all  thiTiiigh  the  winter  ;  but 
j  there  is  a  thick  mist  and  bloom  uikju  thw 
painted  walls  andwuinacuats — tlie  walla  of  :ill 
the  rooms  are  so  dam|)  that  ]:iriiits  mildew 
upon  them,  and  the  paper  buTj^as  utkI  wiuits 
to  lie  peeled  off;  while  the  pu'  ciiac 

walls  are  covered  over  with  -  and 

other  finger^lrawings  made  hy  mv  children 
in  tho  rooistun;,  as  high  aa  they  can  reach, 
and  these  are  iluly  obliterated  by  Iho  rills 
and  streams  that,  every  now  and  then,  pour 
down  from  above.  Paper  will  not  Imld  at  all  on 
the  walls  of  the  ground-floor  ;  there  is  a  mist 
or  a  fog  in  every  room,  except  the  kitchen, 
and  wherever  there  is  a  mat  or  a  bit  of 
carpet  laid  down  upon  the  bricks,  it  becomes 
|)crfectly  mouUly  in  the  course  of  a  week,  and 
covere«l  over  with  red  worms,  ami  alugs,  uv 
other  creatures,  who  get  through  tho  crevices 
beneath,  and  cling  to  it  for  warmth.  Such  is 
the  house,  which  I  took  one  fine  summer*a 
day  on  a  seven  years'  lease  ;  two  only  having 
at  present  expired. 

My  garden  li  enclosed  by  five  widls,  of  un- 
equal length  smd  height,  iuid,  instead  of  ih© 
beds  and  walks,  being  "  laid  out,"  writh  »jroe 
view  to  this  mjcesaary  outline,  and  to  hide  it, 
or  make  the  btvst  of  it,  the  very  reverse  of 
this  is  done  ;— the  eye  being  either  led  up  to 
each  wall  by  the  bed  or  walk,  repeating  the 
same  angle,  or  else  a  bed  is  made  having  no 
relation  to  anything,  and  a  shaj    '  h  or 

heavy  lum|i  in  itself.  Then,  in  <1  ■  ly  cf 

these  beda,  the  most  unlooked-foi  mt, utints 

have  been  encountere<L  Broken  brick**,  of 
aU  mxe^  and  fragments  of  stone  innumerable  i 
hiia  of  wood  (lying  cross-ways  beneath  the 


I 


iJU 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


hlwiti  of  the  spfvde,  of  course),  and  ma^es  of 
liiorlAT,  ro»d  drift,  horse-lmir^  and  musty 
5tt'J4Mr.  Three  old  ;»hoe«,  witli  the  remains  of 
luiiled  soka  ;  a  piece  ot  rotten  waistcoat,  with 
rusty  m^'tal  buttons;  mme  old  r'^-  ■"•^  •^ 
broom-biindie  ;  broken  crockery,  m 

of  teifc-cupa  and  b«siu8,  and  brown    l,.:    ■ 

a  rusty  kiuie  or  two  ;  an  old  hat  (a  very  ditii- 1 
cult  thing,  indeed,  for  a  H{>ride  to  deal  with,  f 
at  twelve  or  thirteen  inches  below  the  ear-  I 
lac**)  ;  a  number  of  clotbe*'}>eg3  ;  half  a  prop ; 
a  biittered  pewter-pot ;  and  here  and  there  a 
comjilete    bed,    or    mine,    of    broken    latha^ 
sbuvings,  and  miaccLlaucoua  rublnsh, — ^buried' 
at  ueiurly  the  det>th  of  a  spfule,  or  a  spade  and  I 
a  hair.    As  for  ;dteriiig  the  shape  and  direction  I 
of  tlic  walks,  let  the  readier  tlduk  of  the  ex- 
ptrnse,  mid  trouble,  and  time  of  that — all  the 
^*avt<l  to  be  raised  with  a  pickaxe,  and  carried 
elsewhere,  aiwl  freah  mould,  for  two  feet  depth, 
to  be  brought  frjra  a  nursery.    In  the  country, 
these  matters  are  not  difiieiilt  t^  manage,  with  ' 
the  help  of  a  single  gardener  ;  but,  in  a  Hmall ' 
fiubuib-garden,   auch    "  improvements  "    .ire 
fieldom  to  be  ventured. 

1  )mve  Baid  that  my  back  aecond-floor 
window  commanded  a  view  of  a  xety  long 
row  of  new  housiis  and  garihois,  which  I  had 
seen  manufactured  from  the  very  earliest  I 
stage.  A  brief  account  of  the  prineifial  pro- 
ceasea  will  explain  all  that  has  Iveen  previously 
related,  mad  a  great  deal  moi'e  ;  the  truth  of 
which  tens  of  thouaandti  of  householders  wiU 
recognise,  but  too  readily.  I  shall  begin  at 
Ahe  beginning. 

My  dressing-room  window  overlooka  an 
irregular  piece  of  fallow  land,  which  extends 
ti*om  the  turthennost  end  of  my  gai-den  wall 
over  an  extent  of  some  five  hundred  yards  In 
iengtli,  by  one  hundred  in  breadth.  This  land 
18  coveted  with  a  sui*t  of  rank  ^ra.sa,  which 
C'h  ts  It  the  look  of  a  neglected  field,  like  the 
'i  garden;"  but  the  soil  of  this 
\ .  is  only  a  few  Inches  deep,  the  whole 

piece  ul  land  being  of  yellow  clay*  £x€«pt 
in  the  hottest  »et«on  i>f  the  year*  it ' 
in  a  damp  condition,  ami  whenever  tl 
been  rain  the  whole  Burface  recks,  and  a  fcg 
rises  all  over  it. 

On  this  "  very  desirable  plot  of  ground  for 
a  buil<Hug  leftse,"  Mr.  lloomv,  the  f 't'!  '  ■  ^f 
Lurahi^go  Place — ^a  re«pecUi^>le.  bn 
m.'in — liL'iermines  to  build  a  row  ; 
eadi  with  a  good  atrip  of  garden,  and  makca 
contrActa  with  his  bricklayer  and  carpenter 
tlmt  the  entire  row,  extending  the  fiill  length 
of  the  desirable  plot  of  land,  ahall  be  com- 
t4et«l,  and  made,  what  i»  considered  V>y 
builtlers,  "habitable,"  on  or  before  the  he- 
_!  fnext  March.     It  is  now  November. 

-l  Vhj  all  ready  to  rttceive  visitors  of 
tiiv  '..J  -iS.  Exposition — so  there 'a  no  time  to 
be  Icwstn 

The  grorund  is  forthwith  measured  off,  aud 
levelled,  luid  cart-lojuls  of  bricks,  and  scaf- 
folding [joles,  and  pliinkj  anive.  That  damp 
day  land  will  need  a  pretty  good  foundation 


1 


l>tm 


for  the  hotiaes,  of  brokfci  brick-rM"  " 
gravel.  We  look  m  \'»in  for  th*^ 
and  arrangement  of  anything  of 
Can  it  be  i — ia  it  poeaibfe  they  C!u 
ye» — and  my  ahaving-water  hnn  t;  - 
roy  continually  stopping  to  i  ■  i  1  '  ^ 
the  bricklayers'  operational — il  l^  -a  iiv:i^  thj*4, 
after  merely  cutting  off  the  graaa  for  tart 
they  have  begun  to  biflld  upon  the  brtn?  day  I 
The  first  house  has  achuvlly  ln-en  \  «ti 

the  bare  damp  soil,  without  even  t :  io# 

of  any  intermediate  founrJation  wh. •ae\er. 

The  construction  of  the  houae-dmiiia,  I 
perceive,  is  upon  the  old  b«ul  plan.     ^  t  of 

glazed  earthenware  pij)es  of  some  i  tai 

diameter  in  the  Iwre,  tl^  •  •  -  '  . '"^  '""wn 
the  old  faahioned  brick  >  of  twcJire 

or  fourteen  inches  gfjuari . ,  L  the  branch 

drains  intei'»ecting  them  at  right  angles,  ia- 
at««i  of  long  acute  angles  in  the  direction  of 
the  outward  flow.  Moreover  the  drains  am 
constructed  on  a  level,  or  nearly  bo,  and  with 
no  calculation  for  the  pnjper  degree  of  ialiy  or 
graduatcil  descent,  so  that  on  any  oocawion  of 
a  temporal-}' stoftpage,  0M'jij|,' (  ifjh- 

stancta  having  got  into  th«i^  ^i- 

ing  from  heavy  rains,  the  wh«M<  "i  -ur  i>^-^^3gt 
having  no  downward  j^rc'isure  from  il-8  own 
weight,  will  inevitably  flow  back  to  the  honeCi 
and  dehige  the  cellars  and  ground  floors  most 
odoriferoiasly. 

I  believe  they  intend  to  nnUce  the  out-fiill 
of  the  drains,  according  to  the  new  reguJii- 
tions,  and  drain  down  into  tl»e  main  sewera. 
But  I  have  seen  aevend  consultatioott  in  cer^ 
tain  curious  spots,  where  a  cesspool  would 
have  beeu  preferred,  but  for  the  Balotiiry  feaur 
of  a  viwt  from  the  Metroy^olitan  Caniraia> 
si  oners  of  Sewers,  whose  y»urveyors  arc  wiorUiy 
of  far  better  manteni  The  build-r  i.  .^-  -r-f^ 
dot'^   the   "next    best    thin^' ; "    li  sk 

brick  dttat-holc  close  under  the  1.  a- 

dow,  and  in  a  line  beneath  the  dimng^room 
xii'intlow. 

Of  the  materials  of  which  the  honR«.  is 
built,  as  of  its  alight  and  iivpnl  sitructure,  1 
shall  not  pattse  to  speak,  nor  of  ita  inward  in- 
conveuiencieai  in  the  arra»gT?ment  of  the 
rooms,  anil  general  cluuisiiicsHB,  and  wont  uf 
forethought  and  uontrivjixice^ ;   beitiu^r*  theao 

things  so  much  depend  on  cirfnms* ' ' -it 

they  are  almost  beyond  the  pale  e 

e-tcppt  inasmucli  as  one  cfm  ptit  ^  ^  n 
their  guard  to  look  wtiU  into  all  sncti  matters 
before  buying  or  tenanting  any  hottee,  It  ia 
a  question  for  individuals.  Let  their  cvt*s  be 
widely  opened  to  it.  But  the  external  form 
of  a  house,  row,  or  street,  te  a  publir  qiK«t»»»o 
of  taste,  Tlie  chanicter  of  the  nation  in  re* 
spect  of  ita  buiMings,  is,  more  or  less  impli- 
cated in  it.»  iw  every  *'  Prospect  Place,**  and 
"  Parmlise  Kow,"  attests,  not  to  mcntk>ri  the 
average  i-un  of  all  suburban  **  Tt»rnieea,**  and 
''  Streeta." 

Tlie  form  of  the  house  that  has  grt>wn  up 
before  my  eyes  is  that  of  a  box,  or  clicst  act 
upright.    It  baa  four  walls,  or  sicles,  with  a 


,1    THE  BUILDER'S  HOUSE  AND  THE  BRICKLAYER'S  GABliEN,    515 


top  Mid  bottom.  It  ia  nearly  a  aquare,  And 
the  only  tiling  tliat  ir+  *'  '' -    ^^     like 

oittliDe  is  a  I'ow  of  c!i  le}^ 

su*^  now  placing  upotj  u.  ii.-=  ..^  *.v.  vi.x^.iurv 
cottage  or  Imlgi* ;  it  is  wUat  ia  called  a  good, 
substantial,  bvi(,k-biiiit,  ei^htr-roomed  bouae. 

Aa  to  anj  ttuch  thing  as  "design,"  the 
builder  baa  tivvJeutly  no  more  thought  of  it 
than  if  architcctiire  had  never  existed  in  the 
world,  aiid  ra«i  ba<i  always  mnde  houses 
simply  to  "  cover  them/'  It  is  aa  though  we 
were  living  in  a  primitive  atate  of  nature,  in 
ixisj^ct  to  house  buildkig,  while  possessing 
all  the  mnteriala  of  art  and  civilisation. 

A  secoud  bouse  is  rapidly  rising,  like  the 
first ;  a  third  is  commenced  ;  the  ground  for  a 
fourth  and  fifth  is  being  levelled.  Eadi  one 
is  exactly  Uko  the  other;  placed,  without 
further  fbundatioD,  upon  the  oarQ  damp  day- 
Square  brick  box  after  box,  they  rise,  and  Mr. 
IWjiuy  ruba  hia  h&nda  as  he  apeculatca  ou  the 
rtnit  he  abidl  denuuiil,  and  theii-  speedy  occu- 
pancy l)y  a  tenant  desiring  a  nice  airy  reai- 
dence  ou  the  outskirts  of  London. 

But  now  for  the  "  garden."  The  cround  at 
the  bnek  of  the  house  was  levellea  and  en- 
closed by  walls,  in  the  shape  of  the  house,  as 
nciai'ly  :t8  pctaaible.  It  would  have  been  a 
sciunre  by  choice,  tait  circumatancca  have 
cjmsed  it  to  be  somewhat  too  long.  In  short, 
it  is  of  that  well-known  outline,  called  a 
"strip,"  being,  of  all  others,  the  most  difficult 
to  deul  with  for  the  picturesque  or  gracefiil 
Uying  out  of  a  garden,  erven  when  the  diroen- 
siun;*  are  of  some  extent ;  but  when  small, 
needing  the  grcateat  exerciae  of  ingenuity  to 

{)revent  ugliue^y  and  awkwanlnesa,  or  the 
lardtst  liiioa  th.tt  can  offend  the  eye.  But 
what  IS  the  gardener  about  i  He  hits  got  a 
bricklaver^a  line^  and  is  drawing  it  along 
parallef  nith  thA  wall,  for  the  formation  of  a 
long  iKDrder,  thus  repeating  the  hard  outline  ; 
antf  instead  of  carrying  the  eye  away  fix>m  it, 
or  endeavouring  to  conceal  it,  he  is  literally 
forcing  it  into  the  m*>3t  rivetting  attention. 
;J0arileucr  did  I  call  him  ?— no,  it  ia  one  of  the 
icklnyers,  aiwisted  by  a  ho^iaman.  Sevenil 
au'tdoiyla  of  mould  are  now  brought  into  the 
gimien,  and  ahot  down,  and  to  work  they  go 

in     "    I   'vl.i.y.out,'* 

]*  of  ground  is  separate*!  from  that 
l-  _  ,  I  o  the  next  house  by  a  long  wall. 
Tlie  wait  of  the  first  one  ia  only  half  tiniBhed, 
and  a  bricklayer  is  at  work  upon  the  other 
aide,  while  tlje  j[jardening  brickhiyer  on  thia 
aide  ia  laying  down  the  mould  for  a  border. 
Numerous  jneoea  of  broken  and  choppedoft 
l»j'irk,  with  corresponding  dabs  of  mortar, 
coijs«iqueT»tiy  f;dl  over  and  are  mixed  up  with 


to  chanj;^ 


tho 

any 
uragw  to 
-  '"ving 

I  ia 


bonl. 


lid. 


which  the  biick  layer  on 

thi-  -'■' *'"^^  "i-^i^'j, ;ind  then  j^roceedsto 

I"  line  on  the  aurfate.     A 

V  ..   -1  ofl'  by  the  bricklayer*a 

li  >.  the  1)0 pier,  thus  agfon  n?- 

1"         ^  1^  out  line  of  the  wall ;  and  thia 

juaii  ia  uwtMtii  with  brick-rubbiah  and  stones, 
and  well  Ircwlden  anil  beaU'U  down,  ao  that  it 


would  be  no  small  iroublc 

form    and    direction    of   *' 

tenajit  had  the  taait«  anii 

attempt  it.    By  way  of  i, 

out  f>erfect  of  ita  kind,  a  I  : 

now  marked  off,  and  co\.  i    i  uld, 

parallel  with  the  previous  Unea,  and  being  au 

exact  counterjiart  of  the  outline  of  the  outiro 

strip,  only  aome  sazea  less. 

The  gardening  bricklayer manajf^**f»  his  «^{t&do 
very  assiduoualy,  and  neatly  t<  '  cing 

it  ia  not  his  proper  tooL — in  hia 

general  handinesa^  I  -  "  -  huu  t  •  l»n  au 
Iriwhman ;  and  alao,  I  iVoin  hli^  want 

of  forethought :   for  ,  .  i  ^    .  ^.ivo 

he  ia  about  to  tinish  w  all 

bricka,to  do  which  hu    :  ^  .  ihua 

trampling  down  all  his  line  surfatHj  ot  Iwrder- 
mould  as  he  goes,  besides  strewing  it  all  over 
with  a  second  fall  of  fragment  of  brick  and 
mortar.  By  night  he  has  done.  Next  morning 
he  ia  there  again ;  not  with  Ida  trowel,  but 
his  spade,  carefully  burying  all  the  bita  ol 
brick  and  rubbiah,  and  once  i  king 

the  aurface  of  the  mould  very  i  'it. 

Morning  after  m  -' :•  "   '  '     \ 

these  varioua  opei'i^t ; 

and  now,  finally,  I  be: _   .         .  „^ 

aquare  brick-boxca,  set  upon  damp  clay — 
drained  on  an  old  and  very  bad  system,  and 
having  in  other  respects,  thft  most  inconve- 
nient arrangement — a  succession  of  dust-holea 
close  under  the  kitchen -windfi.wi*,  and  in  a 
line  beneath  the  back  dLuing-r^joni  window — 
and  I  am  preaented  with  a  succession  of  some 
eighteen  atraigbt  walls,  enclosing  straight 
strips  of  garden,  each  lined  out  '  ■  '*  *  rick- 
lay  or,  in  parallel  llnea,  aa  a  1>  au- 
rally would  do,  and  each  one  \>^....^  >..  \act 
counterpfirt  of  the  other.  The  whole  act  are 
made  neat  and  sightly  for  lettmg,  by  the  uae 
of  the  broom  to  sweep  out  all  matiner  of 
rubbiah  fi'om  the  houaea, — and  tho  «f»ft«.l<s  to 
baiT  it   carefully  in  the  garden  bcda  and 

SoVMi^ioor  woman,  a  bankrupt  launilresa^  a 
acrvaut-of-all-wurk  out  of  place,  or  a  char- 
woman with  her  lamily,  ia  put  iu  to  ••  loind 
the  houAc,'*  and  oj^n  the  door  to  thoi=«  who 
are  1^  .L'»  .r  ...,t  for  a  house.  The  rubbiah 
and  1  iid  her  family  will  aecniuulato 

dui'iri-  ,  ,  |jerhaps»  of  one  month,  |»er- 

haps  of  aix,  must  not  be  thrown  intt>  the  dust- 
hole,  for  that  baa  to  be  k«pt  tidy  for  letting  ; 
she  therefore  gets  a  man,  or  her  huslmnd  when 
he  comes  home  in  the  evening,  to  bury  it 
"somewhere"  in  the  garilen. 

The  exlreiue  t'uila  of  these  gardon  waUa  are 
1  *  '  ■'  '  ends  of  otlter  garden  walls  on  the 
lc<  I  turn  my  gaze  on  them  very 
Mi^v ..  „..iiy  sitting  at  my  drc^sing-tablv,  but 
gain  little  conaolation  from  what  f  sjce.  On 
thia  aide,  the  outline  of  the  garden  wall*  ia 
nearly  the  same  as  those  I  have  been  doscrib- 
mg,  and  the  iajTug  out  displays  no  Ixstter 
laate.  Several  of  these  strips  are  Lii*i  out 
in   three  round  puddings  of  beila,  one  after 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS, 


fe. 


the  otljePj  with  tlie  largest  round  pudding 
in  tin-  TiiiihUe.  OflitTS  hftvo  greAt  hens  made 
1  wf  trirtmouds  j  three  of  tbtm  have 

1  i'fiivourcd  geta  of  litth^  Wis,  like 

fuiruws  cut  acmss  the  whole  width  of  the 
gard»?n,with  narrow  wnlks  between, like  ruled 
oopv  hooks  ;  mid  two  of  them  havti  fairly 
given  up  the  mftttt?r»  aiid  allowed  the  whole 
strip  to  lie  like  the  fallow-fit^hl  of  niiik  gi-ass, 
fi*om  wliich  they  were  originally  aeparated  by 
tho  builder's  walls. 

To  look  at  the  rrreat  mass  of  our  houses 
iiikT  Mt  I  r,  i> — siibniliAa  houst'3  find  streets  in 
I  :    wovdtl  suppose  wy  httd 

I  UR.     "  Whttt  I  "  cries  Mr. 

Johu  JJui],  "do  yuu  mean  to  compru'e  any 
foreign  honaes  witli  English  liouaea  for  con- 
venionue,  comfort^  and  snugneia  ]  '*  Cer- 
tainly not,  Mr.  Bull,  with  rcgnrd  to  th&  inside 
<!omeBtic  arrangements ;  hut  those  are  not 
the  buikler*s  department— they  aie  the  work 
of  the  carpenter,  the  eablnet-maker,  the 
upholntorcr,  and  the  ir(*nmoiijL»er.  I  urn 
speaking  of  the  external  farm  laid  appear- 
aiace  of  our  modern  honae^s,  and  1  aflimi  that 
it  would  never  occur  to  a  foreigner  that  euch 
pereons  na  architeets  were  ever  consuitodf 
except  on  |i>fkrtieulAr  (»cca,aiona,  and  that,  in 
fact,  nearly  all  our  houses  are  the  pro^tiuct  of 
the  bnuna  of  wentiUhy,  eutei-priaing,  niaater- 
Ijtieklayei-ft,  or  buildei-a  who,  like  my  friend 
Atr.  Koomy,  have  risen  ijito  **  huil»lei"a  "  from 
that  (]UGstionahle  foundation*  For  this  reason, 
a  houMo  with  us  la  in  Hh;ipe  nothing  more  than 
A  si]Uiii't;  box,  and  a  gtreet  is  u  Huccession  of 
boxea.  There  i^  no  more  extejujil  '*  <le3ipi  " 
in  them  than  goea  to  the  eonstmction  of  a  box, 
or  tt  rabbit-hutch — a  cliild'a  tirst  drawing  of 
**  a  hou«e  "  ou  a  iilate  ;  and  a  street  ia  often  no 
better  to  look  at  than  a  set  t»f  meuageric  cages 
— tiikc  away  the  bai-K,  and  ultR^c  windows  in 
the  fi*ont»  and  add  a  door  with  ^teps,  anil  some 
chimne3'8,  and  there  you  have  our  mmk-ru 
housts.  St^metimes  an  attempt  is  made  to 
•It  over  tl»e  heavy  Hquareness  by  an  orua- 
uiculal  (ItKjr-wayj  a  ilight  of  »tone  steps, 
or  :ui  enormous  enti'ance-poreh,  or  by  atick- 
uis  a  small  bit  of  a  wing  to  one  aide,  like 
a  liouHc  and  its  little  one.  But  there  \s  the 
**box"  amidst  all  the  awkwaid  half-eun- 
ftcious  attempts  to  hide  it.  Fiequently,  a 
variation  ih  yet  more  obviously  sought  by  a 
skreen  or  iKirapet  at  the  top  ;  antl  yet  more 
frequently  (»y  a  rising  roof,  m  injitation  of  a 
ha^Ktiwk  in  single  houses,  and  of  a  born  in  a 
Bmall  WW  of  houaea.  But,  after  all,  there  is 
the  bnildcr'a  box,  Htandiiig  with  stuniy  utili- 
tarian iam  in  the  middle  of  all  th*^e  vain  at- 
tem|)te,  as  one  abould  aay  doggedly  (not  to  atld 
gtajpidly), "  Well — and  a  good  strong  box  too." 


It 


A  CHRISTIAN  FAYNIM, 

RotTTp  Mabga's  fiiir  city 

l9  dmwii  tUe  pritlc  of  Spain ; 

And  niorn  uunl  night,  tliey  hotly  fight* 
ILh  batUements  to  gain. 


But.  «ti]I  tho  vidiBut  Pagims 

Full  stoutly  hold  their  own^ 
And  from  many  u  height  is  the  crescent  bngbi 

In  ticrco  defiance  BhowiL 

And  lo  i  the  wide  gates  openinj^ 

Send  forth  a  dense  array ; 
In  the  sun's  bright  beams  their  armonr  glefUD% 

And  their  war  6tceda  ghrilly  neigh. 

From  their  saddle-hows  downbcndiaig 

They  sweep  to  meet  the  foe — 
But  is  it  from  fear  that  their  full  career 

la  check'd  even  as  they  go  J 

Tt  is  not  fear  that  checks  tbcm, 

But  pity's  gcutlo  ewoy ; 
For  nu  infant  train  on  the  verdant  ploiii 

Arc  groiip'd  in  frallo  play. 

Tho  ho6t  they  view  with  wonder  } 

Admire  their  trapping:!  Rny, 
TliDU-  pluinoB  of  white  and  their  lancet  bh^b^ 

And  their  etceda  that  court  the  fruy. 

With  greeting  and  with  j^IeAjmire 

Tlicy  clap  tVieir  little  haiub; 
Aim!  laugh  and  about  m  the  wvUke  rout 

AVhirl  high  their  deadly  brands 

TbetJ  epflljo  the  Cliief  Zonetc 

Valiant  aud  gentle  knight  ■ 
**  To  your  uiothcrfl  begoue,  cacii  JimiuL  cue. 

And  ttercou  yo  from  tho  fight  I" 

"  Revoke  that  word,  Zeaete/* 

Then  spoke  his  comxudes  forth  ; 
**  For  tliia  iuiaut  baud  ia  pla^eed  iu  our  Lund 

Ad  ho»tages  of  worth." 

"  Now  flhamo  on  ye.  by  Allah  1 

Shame  on  all  such  !"  cried  he  : 
"  May  t>carded  men  by  ua  be  ta'cu, — 

Kot  smitiug  infiuicy  f 


OUR  PHiVNTOM  SHIP. 

CENTRAL  AMERICA. 

Now  th.it  Centnd  America  is  very  gene- 
rally hH>ked  to  aa  a  Ivand  of  HiqH^,  tke 
imagination  glows  over  t^-  i.;.  tmo  ..f  vii.,,t  ,t 
isdeatineti  to  becorue.    Tl  't 

toknow  .*ismuclj  JiHtmvc'ii  ,  t 

the  country  of  the  Incas,  veiy  few  of  us  care 
to  experience  what  it  now  actually  ia.  Fleas^ 
feve»*E^  and  fjnjoles,  to  sfiy  nothing  of  cou- 
viilaions,  political  and  rniturnl,  eairthquakes 
and  revulutiujis,  go  far  to  rjueuch  the  hjurit 
of  tho  traveller.  Only  the  other  day  war  waa 
declared  with  tho  small  state  of  Honduras  by 
the  smidl  statczi  of  Clujiliiuiil.n  ami  Sau  Sal- 
vador. Valiant  raguniutUns  by  the  dozen 
will  form  armies,  dodge  each  other,  march 
and  countei-march.  There  wi!i  be  universal 
crisis,  as  our  neighbours  call  it.  Never 
mind.  Wc  travel  lu  our  Phaiit(»m  Ship,  and 
we  will  wandor  through  the  land  as  phantoms. 

Already  we  have  ti-aversed  this  Atlantic  in 
our  Phantom  Shijj,  iind  have  been  drencbetl 
by  a  good  abect  of  rain  within  the  tropics  by 
the  tiuie  we  reach  Beliza  As  Britona,  w© 
will  lirst  viait  Belize,  tlie  British  settlejuecL 


CtertM  Olektt*  t 


OUR  PHANTOM  SHIP. 


.17 


I' 


Belize  ia  on  the  coast  of  the  fi*ee  Indiana,  in 
the  Bixy  of  Hoinlarua.  South  of  it  lie  the 
five  iij<J<ii»eut!cnt  and  qiian-elsom*?  slates 
fonning  tne  llepuMlc  of  Central  America, 
Guuteuiula  and  Houdin'as  Aide  by  side  ; 
GuatemalA  with  a  conat-line  on  the  Pruritic, 
and  a  bit  of  coaat  o«i  tht'  Atlantic  ;  Honduras 
with  Atlantic  coast  :don^  the  bay  named 
nfter  it,  tTiid*?r  these  Wes  first,  San  Salvador, 
with  the  Pftcitic  fonuint;  its  sea-margin,  j 
Then  Nicaragua,  with  a  loug  ("oasit  on  the 
Pacific,  and  containing  lakes,  but  wil)i  a  very 
little   piece   of  coast   on   the  Atlantic,     The 

freat  part  of  the  Atlantic  coast  line  from 
fonduras  southward  is  in  posseaaion  of 
the  Mosquito  Indiana.  Costa  liicu  in  the 
narroweat  part  of  the  Central  American 
IsthmuA,  occupies  the  breadth  fi*om  sea  to 
sea^  but  baa  by  a  ^eat  deal  its  longest  coast 
line  on  the  Pacitic  side.  Tlien  cornea  the 
remainder  of  the  Isthmus,  including  the  line 
of  railway  between  Chagrea  and  Panama,  but 
Ci-ntral  America  do«s  not  extend  so  far*  We 
will  bef^in  our  travels  at  Belize  and  ramble 
southward,  until  we  take  ship  again  in  Costa 
Itica  at  Punta  Arenas  on  the  Piicific  aide,  for 
reasons  hereinafter  to  be  mentioned. 

Here  we  art\  then,  near  the  lintiinh  settle- 
ment, OS  we  l>efore  said,  after  having  felt  how 
water  can  dash  down  between  the  tropica  j 
raining,  not  cata  and  dogs,  but  tigers  and 
rhin«x'oroises.  Belize  appears  to  lise  out  of 
the  8ca  as  we  approach  ;  a  range  of  white 
houses  running  for  a  mile  along  the  ahore^ 
government  house  at  one  end,  bLrrackjB  at  the 
other  ;  a  pictnre-sque  bridge,  somewhere  about 
the  middle,  crosses  a  river  wliich  divides  the 
settlement.  At  the  moutli  of  the  river,  on  an 
ialand,  is  n  little  fort.  Tliere  is  a  church 
spire,  and,  behind  all,  a  back^ound  made  V»y 
groves  of  cocoa-nuta.  Yenaelii  at  anchor  in 
the  Imrbour,  rafla  of  mahogany,  canoe.4 
|»a<ldled  to  rmd  fro,  raid  there  la  the  govera- 
ment  dory  made  out  of  the  trunk  of  a 
mahogany  tree.  Belize  lives  upon  mahogany. 
The  maliogany  cutters  are  free  bUicka,  who 
form  the  staple  population  of  the  town.  There 
is  a  Court  of  Justice  in  Belize.  Seven  Judges 
sitting  on  heavy  mahogany  chaira,  seven 
ordinary  men  of  business^  sit  to  hear  causes. 
There  are  plenty  to  be  tried ;  there  ia  a  jury 
to  try  them,  but  there 's  not  &  hiwyer  in  the 
settlement.  The.  merits  of  each  case  are  fiiirly 
brought  out,  by  mutmd  explanations,  and 
shrewd  questioning.  The  deci;diions  ai-e 
founded  upon  homely  common  sense,  and  the 
strict  purpose  of  protecting  honest  men.  The 
suitors  have  a  right  of  ap|Kal  from  this  court 
to  England,  but  they  maJce  no  uiie  of  it.  How 
many  apjie&la  would  there  be  in  the  English 
Ooui'U  if  every  suitor  knew,  that  co  into  what 
coui't  he  might,  he  would  tind  th«  law  to  be  the 
synonym  of  justice  ? 

We  w*lk  among  the  bustle  of  Belize,  then 
step  into  our  Phantom  Ship,  jmd  sailing 
slowljr  np  the  Belize  River,  one  turn  shuts 
the  Bridjge  from  sight — ^and  we  are  in  the 


deepest  solitude.  The  dense  foivst,  nii:)tion- 
leas,  and  silent ;  the  swift  river  by  which,  but 
a  few  miles  farther  up,  the  alKiriginal  Iiniiaus 
are  dwelling  ;  the  skv  ol>8tructed  hy  thick 
boughs  ;  these  aie  the  scene  in  which  no 
living  thing  appeai-s  to  1h*  ristir*  except  a 
quiet  pelican.  The  solitudes  beyond  are 
almost  unexplored  ;  wo  did  not  come  out  to 
explore  ihera,  so  we  let  the  current  float  us 
V^ack  into  the  bustle  of  Belize^  ruui  through 
Belize,  till  we  can  hoist  our  ghoatly  white 
sail  and  put  out  to  sea  again. 

Our  voyage  is  a  short  one*  In  the  extreme 
comer  of  Hondui'as  Bay  we  tind  the  Rio 
Dolce.  Mountains  clothed  up  to  their  very 
summits  with  the  brightest  foliage,  are  piartei 
hy  an  ample  stream  ;  we  pass  between  them, 
we  :ire  enclosed  on  all  sidea  by  a  forest  wall. 
The  course  of  the  broa<l  sli-eam  ia  hidden  by 
its  windings  ;  trees,  piled  upon  trees  environ 
us,  the  rocks  are  hidilen  by  luxuriance  of 
shrubs  that  hui*at  forth  out  of  every  crevice. 
The  lur  is  odorous  of  fruita  and  flowers.  The 
plumage  of  the  cocoa-nut,  the  huge  stems  of 
the  cotton  trees,  fire  bound  together  by  a  net- 
work of  parasites,  whose  cnmson  blosaoma 
cover  them,  whose  runners  hang  in  festoons 
from  the  boughs  and  dip  into  the  placid  water. 
lli«re  are  orange  trees  and  lemon.%  pine- 
apple, b;uiana,  plantain  ;  but  there  is  no  song 
of  birds.  We  float  for  nine  miles,  buried  thus 
within  a  scene  of  solemn  beauty,  catching  now 
and  then  a  gleam  of  sunset  on  our  laces,  and 
thnu  the  momitidnrt  pju-t  ou  either  hand  ;  for 
we  have  reached  the  nnmd  lake,  Golfo  Dolce, 
into  wUich  the  Eiver  Dolce  first  flows  fi-on* 
the  heights  of  Guatemala.  The  lake,  studded 
with  islands,  is  now  glnrioxis  before  the  setting 
sun.  W^e  steer  for  the  little  jx>rt  of  Isabel — 
a  port,  of  Guatemala,  on  the  Gulf — behind 
which  mountain  riaea  above  mountain — there 
we  htnd.  The  removal  of  a  mud  Imr  from  the 
mouth  of  the  harbour  would  make  this  one  of 
the  beat  ports  in  the  world,  llie  small  popula- 
tion here  at  present  is  composed  of  Inaiana, 
negroes,  people  of  mixed  blood,  and  a  few 
Spanianls.  Not  far  from  Isabel  there  is  another 
port,  St.  Tliomas,  with  a  sheltered  harbour. 
We  wait  for  morning  and  pass  on,  leaving  our 
ship  to  find  its  way  without  a  pilot  or  a  crew, 
round  Cape  Horn  and  wait  for  us  on  the 
Pacific  coast  of  Costa  Rica.  We  are  now  in 
Guatemala,  the  most  northern  state,  and  on  the 
high  iv>ad  to  its  capital.  This  road  takes  hi^h 
grouml  at  the  veiy  outset,  for  it  begins  oy 
running  up  the  ilico  Mountains. 

Starting  from  Isabel,  and  passing  a  smjdl 
suburb,  we  cross  a  marshy  plain,  »nd  then  in 
a  few  minutes  drive  into  pnmevai  forest.  In 
central  America,  roads  mean  hmes  cut  by  axe 
into  the  othei'T^ise  impenetnible  wood,  just 
wide  enough  to  g^ve  room  for  the  mules  to 
meet  and  pass  each  other.  The  stems  of  the 
trees  are  not  dug  out,  the  path  is  not  made 
level  by  an  artificial  proccas,  but  it  is  trodden 
into  by  the  mulcj*,  washed  int^  by  the  rains* 
and  bristlea  with  a  eh€vauX'<ie-/ru«  of  mighty 


618 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


Btumpft.  Til©  hijrh  road  from  Isatxsl  to 
OnatemaJa  upon  which  we  are  now  travelling 
is  a«  example.  We,  travelling  phantoms, 
take  no  Imrm,  we  may  amuse  our8*ilvc«  wilh 
walcliiKg  iiHjre  Hnbstantml  way-farei-a.  Here 
is  0.  party  floundering  on  mules  that  sink  in 
nmij  at  evcrv  step,  up  to  their  knees  or 
shotilders,  T)ie  wood  grows  thicker,  and  so 
does  t  he  mud  ;  the  ahade  i»  deeper  and  so  are 
the  hfiles.  We  come  to  a  stream  rattling  orer 
stones,  the  whole  party  plunges  in  and  dattera 
up  its  Ijed.  The  mules  are  perr>etually  falling. 
The  trees  meet  overhead  j  it  is  like  a  cathe- 
dml  aisle,  only  instead  of  organ  music  there 
is  the  cursing  and  swearing  of  the  muleteers. 
Out  again  into  the  road,  wiat  is  to  say,  into 
the  mud-holes,  and  amoug  the  roots  of  trees. 
The  colossal  roota  of  the  mahogany  trees  get 
«idly  in  the  way.  It  is  almost  dark  under 
the  dense  branches,  but  we  can  all  contrive  to 
see  the  mud-holes  into  which  our  friends  are 
In  milling.  We  are  working  our  way  up  the 
Mice  mountain  at  the  conchision  of  the  rainy 
s^ijtaon.  At  length  we  reach  a  little  clearing 
on  the  top,  the  only  groimd  on  which  the  sun 
can  shine,  nnd  this  is  dry.  We  rest  here  for 
a  little  while,  and  then  follow  to  watxih  the 
gtmeraJ  tumble  of  our  piarty  down  the  other 
side.  They  are  down  at  length  ;  in  ten  hours 
they  have  L'ot  through  those  twelve  miles  of 
road,  and  they  are  in  a  grove  of  palm  trees 
on  the  plain.  Plastcrctl  from  head  to  foot 
with  a  tnick  layer  of  mud,  the  party  we  have 
watched  attain  a  kindred  shelter,  a  small 
rancho,  built  of  mud.  Here  they  eat  frijoles, 
that  is  to  say,  black  beans  fried  in  hog's  lard, 
which  are  the  roast  beef  of  Central  Ainerica. 
Now  we  may  note  that  those  who  do  not  like 
ln*g*s  U\rd  nniat  not  travel  in  this  part  of  the 
world.  Lard  is  to  the  natives  here  what 
palm  uU  m  to  negroes.  It  enters  into  eveiy 
diah,  and  if  you  juak  for  bread  and  are  able  to 
get  it,  it  will  be  brought  to  you  as  a  matter 
of  course^  smearetl  witn  lard,  unless  you  are 
extremely  vigilant.  Go<'»d  wheat  bread  can 
be  got,  but  it  is  about  three  times  dearer  than 
it  13  in  England.  Maize  is  the  grain  in  com- 
mon use  ;  they  grind  it  between  etonea  Into 
a  pulp,  tfic  women  [tat  it  into  cakes,  and  bake 
them  ou  a  "  crriddle.*'  Tliese  cakes  are  calletl 
Toililias,  .ind  the  daily  manufacture  of  them 
foruis  a  good  part  of  tlie  wonien*s  household 
work,  Rijunda  of  beef,  anti  shoulders  of 
mutton  are  not  to  be  met  with  in  this  country. 
An  ox  is  <.nit  up  into  long  strips,  in  villages, 
ajid  tlrictl  without  any  reference  to  steaks  or 
Birloiua ;  so  that  the  beef  it*  then  bought  by 
the  yard,  and  eaten,  fried  in  hog's  lard 
naturally.  The  upper  classes  live  much  upon 
vegetables,  fniit  and  sweet-meat.  Chocolate 
is  m  common  use,  and  coffee  in  tlie  neighbour- 
hood of  the  plantations.  Tea  has  scarcely 
penetrated  into  this  part  of  the  world.  So 
BOW  you  know  what  you  can  get  to  eat  if  you 
should  chance  to  visit  Central  America,  not 
as  ai>hantom  but  in  hungry  flesh. 

We  travel   on— along   the  summit    of  a 


mountain  lange — on  dtlter  aide  of  us  deticaotta 
valleys,  whereon  winter  never  ti-od  ;  here  niul 
there  a  scenery  reminding  us  of  RngUali  park& 
Tlie  next  hour  is  enlivened  by  a  neavy  mm. 
It  ceaeea,  and  we  see  beneath  us  the  Moiafoo, 
the  finest  river  in  Central  Aroericsi,  wfiick 
forms  in  the  lower  part  of  its  coarse  tiie 
boundaiy  between  the  states  of  GuAteniAls 
and  Honduras.  We  descend  by  a  steep,  r^ 
mantie  path,  and  stand  upon  the  mjurgin  of 
the  tont'ent,  where  huge  mountains  compeiai 
us  about.  A  naked  Indian  aita  on  the  othflr 
bank  before  a  few  huts  roofed  with  psiljn 
leaves.    He  pushes  across  for  us  in  his  caaoei 

We  turn  aaide  from  the  high  road  to  Gtxal^ 
mala — not  very  fbir  aaide — ^to  trace  the  Copao 
River.  Copan  is  but  a  little  \'iilage^ — of  Iioti^ 
duras,  for  we  Imve  just  crossed  tli    '  ^  of 

that  state.     It  lies  m  a  district  i  tta 

good  tobacco.    In  Central  Ameriv.i  k,  ^  ■ 

j)opuhition  smokes,  men,  women,  and  < - 
standing,  sitting,  and  reclining*.  1J..,  .. ,.. 
goes  to  beil,  on  the  ox-hide,  with  a  cigar  in 
her  mouth,  and  the  husb.ind  Avith  his  cltrar 
will  lie  with  his  hea»l  at  her  feet  somelirii 
for  mutual  convenience.  Copan  is  their  t  < 
tobacco  district. 

What  Titanic  wall  is  thilt  whose  imagv*  is 
reflected  in  the  river  ?    By  the  shrulis  smd] 
creepers  we  can  climb  up  to  the  summit.     It] 
looks  like   a  portion   of  some  massive  ruhi.1 
We  have  climlMiid,  nnd  wo  stand  spell  bound,] 
Stq>  below  step,  broken  by  trees,  loadtNl  >vith  1 
shnibs,  and  lost  at  last  in  the  luxuriance  of' 
foi^est,  we  see  the  traces  of  a  theah-G   of  «iar| 
sonry.     But  from  a  pillar  of  broken    ston« 
below,  the  fixed  stare  of  an  enonuona  sculp*] 
tured  head  encounters  us.     We  d'/sccnd  w*ifi- 
dering,  and  stand  before  an  .-dtar  ricldy  carved,' 
We  seek  for  more,  and  find  at  our  first  ]>)nnijej 
into  the  forest  a  colo&sal  figure  frownint'^.b.wft 
ujmn   us;    it   is   a   statue   twelve  f*. .  i 
loaded  with  hierogl^^ihic  and  with  (:i 
ornament.    The   grand   face  seems   t.i    i-  a 
portrait — but  of  whom  ?    We  explore  farther,! 
and  tind  more  and  more  of  these  stone  j^n,uit«,i 
elbowed  from  their  places  by  the  grow  th    of] 
trees,  some  of  them  buried  to  the  che-st    iai 
vegetation,   stai-ing  throagh   the  underwood  | 
with   their  blind  eyes.     Monkeys  in    troops  | 
fiass  to  and  fro  among  them.     Who  are  thecal 
gods  or  heroes  burietf  in  the  dark  reeesaes  ofl 
the  wood  1     Who  raiseil  their  monuments  f 
What  Temple,  what  great  city,  has  existed 
here?  No  man  can  tell.  These  figures  fn^x^^lod 
before  their  altars  when  the  Spaniards  o.-uue. 
They  streak,   as  the   monuments   of  Kgj'pt, 
about  that  time  when  man  exulted  ma£>(  in 
wrestling  against  matter,  when  glory  lay  in 
strength  ot   hand  and   magnitude  of  hautli- 
work.    These  are  the  ruins  of  Copan,  ami  tell 
of  a  pjist  whose  history  is  totidly  etfaced. 
Along  a  row  of  death**  heads>  carved  in  slone^ 
by   other   monuments,  we  pass  back   to  I  lie 
outer  wall.     From  the  suggestion  of  whivi  haft 
been*  we  return  to  the  examiiuiticin  *>f  what 
is.     We  get  ba'^k  into  the  high  roatl  far  Guar- 


Cli*il»»1M^nMl 


OUR  PHANTOM  SHIP. 


519 


tetD&liv  and  bid  (;ood-bye  to  Hooduraa^  in 
which  atate  we  atuill  not  iravel. 

We  ahoutd  liave  foimd  it  a  Itmd  of  vallej 
and  luouDtjwn  (for  '*  Honduras  *'  ia  by  iiitfer- 
pretaiitm  "  vaUeys  **)  nigged  and  barren.  It 
hns  gold  jukI  salver  niint»,  out  hath  also  revo- 
lutions, Ait^  '  !^  ore  jilmost  abiiiiik>M(L 
It  hifl,  16  •  u  now»f  mahogany,  boiQg^ 
by  the  B^iixi  >,.-,. hauts  of  the  Honduna 
government,  at  the  rate  of  ab<jut  ten  dollaxv 
|Hjr  tree.  It  exjM)rlH  lil  1*  s  ntul  a  little  aaraar 
fxinlbL  Then  we  li  iras,  and  float 
Bwiftlr  on  through  *  i  till  we  reach 
tt£  capitAl  ;  that  ia  cuUed  Lniutenmla  too,  and 
once  was  regardod  aathti  capital  of  oil  Central 
i^rica. 

Oufitcmala,  the  town,  al  a  diotaiice  looks 
lely  handiMnne.  It  baa  laaiiy  chiirches, 
jmuiy  gtfdeas  interaperoed  among  the  houaea. 
xh©  streets,  on  entering,  we  find  to  be  aU 
atniij^lit,  and  the  Imusea  all  one  atory  high. 
,Wcil,  there's  an  eai-thquakc  now,  at  any  rate ! 
~^#  have  l»een  very  fortmiate  in  getting  all 
way  froui  Isabel  without  one.  The  sen- 
aation  ta  like  that  wliich  we  have  on  ship- 
board  when  the  vessel  lurches.  Tliei*©  are 
two  or  three  rolls,  hud  the  sudden  settling  13 
the  worst  part  of  tiie  ahock.  We  aee  thstt  a 
good  many  people  li  1  out  of  iheir 

houses.      It   ia  on  '    the   frequent 

eaithquakea  thAl  the V   .,  .  .i,     ,.,.  .f  -v 

high.    Earthqiutkeaare  lii 

not  biKH>me  uaed  to  thmi ... ^, , 

are  said  with  each  c'  '  *  ac^iulre  aome 

inereaae  of  dread,      i  town  iaaphtoa 

gotten  of  an  oarth^uiLke.     It  waa  founded 

!ofi»jer  ago  tlum  tb«  year  1773,  when  the 

1 — Old  Gnateniala — suffered  from  a 

earthquake   that   eventnally  tired 

iK'hoe.    Befory  that,  in  1717,  the  volcano 

for  the  old  capital  stood  l>etween  two 

oes,  and  one  was  of  tire,  the  other  of 

— the  volcano  of  tire  had  been  extremely 

tive,  and  \U  erupti^^n  ha<i  been  accompanleil 
with  a  doae  of  earthquake  ajid  devastation, 
which  was  oontiuued  for  four  uionthB.  Belijre 
t,  in  IGttfi,  a  tenth  part  of  the  popuh-itiou 
Lx?L'U  swept  off  by  an  opidemie.  Bcfoj-e 
that,  in  l6ol,  there  was  an  extraordinary 
eatlhquake,  and  the  wild  be^iata  came  to  town 
to  lie  prt»teol8d.  Before  that,  in  ItJOl,  there 
w?iij  a  pestUence.  Before  that,  in  1585-6, 
there  WHS  for  months  incea^nt  fire  from  the 
▼olcnniij  and  earthquakes  ;  in  December,  158G, 
nuuiVw  r^  .  f  rht»  people  were  buried  under 
ntin;^  A  of  luountaiDa  were  torn  o0^ 

and  t  great  cliaama  in  the  ground. 

Bet'ure  tljat,  in   1581,  the  volcano  threw  up 
Buch  a  load  uf  aahes,that  lighta  were  re<|uired 
the  houses  at   mid-day.     Bdbre  that,  in 

75-11-7,  there  were  ruinous  earthquakea. 
V  ^'  '  it,  in  1658,  thei*e  was  an  epidemie, 
'  ^,  in  1542,  the  capital  wa.^  founded, 

l^^.ia.-,-  :uiotber  cnpital  before  that  had  been 
cwi|Kt  into  ruins  t>y  the  deacent  of  a  huge 
torrent,  bearing  with  it  rocka  and  treat,  down 
the  aidca  of  the  volcano  of  water. 


Tl»e  new  GuatenuJa  ia  built  like  all  ur^^Mi 
of  what  has  been  3pnnish  America,  m  ^rjimv 
blocka,  ao  that  idl  tl  i 

crosB  each  other  ai 

are,  aa  we  saw,  one  story  Li^h  ;  but  ^paa-jua, 
with  lar^e  doora  and  windows,  and  trun  l»U* 
eottiea.  There  ia  a  public  nmrket  atiuare,  with 
a  fountain  in  tJia  midille,  and  on  one  Mi\e  the 
Cathedral,  a  fine  atructure,  with  the  aiH':h- 
biahop'a  pahu*e  and  a  school ;  oppomte  that 
the  government  house  and  some  law  conrta  i 
on  A  third  side,  guard-house  and  bamurka; 
and  on  the  fourth,  a  corridor,  occupietl  by  the 
chief  shops  of  the  city,  which  are  all  "g<«eral 
storea.''  The  water  of  the  fountain  oocnea 
Erom  a  diatanoe  of  twelve  nulea,  by  an  aipie- 
duct,  which  ttuppliea  all  Guateuirda,  luid 
yields  a  surplus  which  playa  about  the  town 
in  fifty  public  fountaina.  These  aupply  water 
freely  to  the  poor,  and  many  of  ■'  ir»* 

covered  with  atone  buildings  and  J 

off  into  Btone  trougha,  for  waaluL^  :  ..i. 
Hear  this— 0,  London  I— of  the  land  of 
friiolea ! 

The  chief  amusement  in  Gtiatemala  conaiata 
in  letting  olf  fireworkE  in  the  atreeta,  every 
Saint*s  day.  This  is  a  Saint's  day,  and  the 
fireworks  come  after  the  CAithqunke.  We 
will  look  to  a  hotel  for  shelter.     Aln^,  there 

I  ia  no  hotel,  no  inn.  Possibly  we  uiay  get  a 
lodging.  A  lodging  in  Ciuti-al  America 
meana  a  room.      A  room — four  wnllm,  ajtd 

.nothing  elae.  We'U  borrow  a  beti,  to  aee 
VfiuiX  that  is  like.     It  ia  an  ox-hide,  full  of 

I  fleas.  Not  that  fleaa  matter  in  the  ox-hide, 
for  the  floor,  of  baked  claj^  broken,  ia  fiill 
of  fieas  in  every  crevice.  I%untotita  though 
we  are,  we  will  not  aleep  in  Guateniahu 
ChiatoiBala  ia  tiie  beat  town  in  Central  Aizae- 
nca  ;  and  the  Mica  Mountain  la  not  the 
wor:^t  road. 

We  float  off  to  the  deserted  capital.  Not 
quite  doaerted  ;  many  dung  to  it  when  the 
new  town  was  built,  for  it  ia  situated  in  a 
jertile  dhctrict ;  tlie  new  town  ia  not.  It  luia 
a  deaolate  appeanince,  ita  iine  old  cathednd 
cracked  from  top  to  bottom — ruiuetl  liuuaea 
with  huts  planted  in  the  comers  of  them. 
We  will  go  on  a  few  miles^  to  tha  city  of 
Ama6tlan.  Old  Guatemala  and  Ajuiatitlan 
;ire  the  centres  of  the  cochineal  plantations. 
£ach  house  in  Amatitlan  has  its  cactus 
ground,  aa,  in  Engliah  vtlbgea,  each  cott/ige 

I  haa  ita  cabbage  garden.  In  Centrjd  Atiuru*;* 
you  have  the  cactua  at  home,  in  all  ita  glory. 
On  unfrequented  monutaina  there^  we  wander 
among  cactus  blosaoma.  Five  varieties  of 
cactua  are  employed  to  feed  the  cochineal 
insect.  The  valley  of  Amatitlan  ia  covered 
with  cochineal  eatates.  In  tliia  valley  is  a 
lake  whereinto  two  atreama  fiow,  and  out  ol 
wliich  there  flows  a  rtviM'.  On  the  lake  floata 
pumice  stone,  springs  of  boiling-water  bublile 
round  ik  Steam  po«tra  out  ot  crevices,  hen; 
and  there,  in  the  adjacent  mountrvins.  Th»» 
whole  ground  ia  volcanic.  In  soaixj  p:uts  of 
the   vaBej  well-diggeTS    almost  bum  their 


520 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


2C(n»4ur-JK4 


luinds  at  twenty  )*Hrtlis»  and  at  thirty-two 
yards  find  the  water  boiliijg* 

We  must  not  stop  too  Juuy  in  GuatemalA. 
It*  coclimeal  plantatioua  in  Old  Guatemala 
and  Aniatitlan  are  ita  only  sceTiea  of  reasoii- 
abli^  iiitlustrv.  It  produces  a  little  coffee  aiid 
a  littl«?  cocoa  ;  it  can  produce  \'ery  fine  vanilla 
and  large  quautitiL'«  of  caoutchouc,  Its  cluef 
profluctei  now  are  robbei-s  and  revolutions. 

We  cross  the  River  Paz,  southward,  within 
sight  of  the  Pacific,  and  have  fouml  our  way 
into  the  state  of  San  Salvador.  One  of  the 
first  things  upon  which  we  inmhle,  ie  a 
volcano ;  that  of  laolco,  above  Sonaonate. 
Tlufl  waa  born — sprouted  out  of  the  plain — 
about  eighty  years  ago,  and  has  not  vet  done 
giowiug.  There  uaed  to  be  a  cattle  testate 
where  it  now  stands.  It  is  continually  in 
eruption,  antl  eragnalifies  the  period  of  its 
youth  by  throwing  a  large  nuniber  of  stones. 
It  iB  very  regular  in  its  habita,  exploding 
every  aixteeu  minutes  and  three  aeoonoa,  with 
reports  like  a  discharge  of  artillery,  smoke 
antl  stones,  which  fall  upon  its  ramk,  and 
that  ia  how  it  grows.  In  Sonsouate,  only 
tlu'ee  leases  distant,  this  busineHS-like  vol- 
caiio^  might  be  mxule  a  partial  substitute  for 
cUwka, 

We  go  on  to  the  capital.  San  Salvador. 
Town  ou  the  usual  model  Thieves  on  the 
watcb,  aoldiens  asleep  on  the  pavement, 
covered  with  ants,  very  raggedy  leaa  respect- 
able than  English  beggars,  and  a  revolution 
come  or  coming.  Where  there  ia  offal  there  are 
turkey  buiusards.  Of  course  a  volcfino  juat 
outside  ;  the  volcano  of  San  Salvador^  quiet 
of  Uto  years*  We  hasten  to  San  Miguel,  the 
seat  of  an  annual  trading  market,  which  is 
generally  either  spoilt  or  put  off  by  the  same 
montir^^  political  convukion,  AVe  pass  through 
a  hue  tobacco  district  j  then  by  a  volcano  at 
San  Vicente  ;  travel  throufjh  the  uaual  forest 
tracks — the  homes  of  punuiH,  parrots,  gujikes, 
bees,  seorpioua,  and  ticks  ^  cross  the  Lorapa, 
the  chief  river  of  the  state,  and  ^o  on  through 
the  woods  jigain  until  we  are  broucht  to  a 
stand  Btill  by  a  wall  twenty  feet  nigh,  of 
burning  gcnriae,  covered  with  charred  trees, 
a  souvenir  horn  the  volciOiu  of  San  Miguel. 
The  lava  has  come  all  this  way,  though  we 
are  five  leagues  from  the  base  of  the  volcano, 
and  ten  leagues  from  its  crater.  We  follow 
a  new  roundabout  path  which  hsia  been  made 
reouisite  by  this  obatniction.  Tlirough 
Lnai^o  plantations  we  come  to  San  Miguel. 

We  will  get  a  fever  at  San  AOguel.  It 's 
lime  to  have  a  fever.  Every  traveller  in 
Central  America,  must  have  a  fever  and  get 
well,  or  die.  Being  a  phantom  fever  we  can 
soon  get  rid  of  it.  We  travel  a  few  leagues, 
and  Hscend  the  extinct  volcano  of  Couchagna. 
From  there  the  view  is  fine.  The  Pncitic,  the 
Bay  of  Conchagna,  studded  uith  inlands, 
tropical  forests,  rivers  and  mountains,  and 
eighteen  volcanoes.  On  coming  down  we 
find  there  h  a  fresh  revolution,  and  take 
tiight  by  boat  acroes  the  bay  into  the  state  of 


Nicaragua.     We  don't  wish  1     '      '      leU  over 

to  tlie  volcano  of  Cusiguina  That 

ia  the   volcano  which  broke  <au 

1835,  breaking  through  a  reput; 

tiuctness,  \sTth  shocks  pen^eptihlt    ,..    ,i,i   .,k 

counti-y    round    as    far    as    Mexico,     New 

Gnumda,   and   Jamaicii.      It    till-  •!     i^n*    ulr 

with  a  fine  powder,  obscuring  si 

so  that  there  was  a  thick  darknc 

three  hours,  in  which  the  light  of  tor<dietf  - 

not   visible   at    three    yaixls   distance'.       '" 

Uxanis  and  the  reptiles  came  to  man  1 

and  all  was  destroyed  for  leagues  arn; 

fatal  centre  of  activity.    No,  we  don  t    ^^  i^t 

Cosiguina. 

The  chief  prmluce  of  the  State  of  9-     "-*  * 
vador  is  indigo,  cultivated  near  San  ^ 
San  Miguel,  and  San   Salvatlor.     Fj  .. ... 
neighbourhood   of  Sonsouate,  iu  this  m 
comes  all  our  Balaam  of  Peru.     San  Solva- 1.  t 
can  proiluce,  also,  \Tnegar,  ginf,'er,  and  ^'aniUa. 

Across  the  Biay  of  Chinentlega  ve  Are 
floated  to  Nacoscolo,  in  the  State  of  Ni< 
ragua — and  travel  by  the  tisual  mule  track 
the  chief  town,  Leon,  Rithug  on  these  tmcl(s.| 
must  be  much  like  tossing  in  a  blankets  Wei 
come  to  Clunendega,  a  pretty  town  (D«qir< 
an  extinct  volcano),  in  a  couutiy  able  to  pro- 
duce large  quatjtitiea  of  sugar  and  ootton. 
We  are  now  only  three  leagues  from  t|ie 
harbour  of  Eealejo^  the  proposed  PaclDe 
terminuB  to  the  grand  ship  canal ;  but  we  so 
on  to  l*on.  I,*eon  ia,  after  Guatemala,  lEe 
largest  city  in  Central  America,  and  coiitaiiu^ 
periiapa,  twenty-four  thoiisand  inhaV»itanta ; 
d  has  contained  twice  as  many.  Tlie^ae  tavnift 
being  idl  built  ou  the  same  plan,  oue 
enough  to  look  at.  Here,  as  before,  W0 
find  rectaugidar  fitreeta,  a  square,  a  ionn»\ 
tain,  ragged  soldiers,  thieves,  a  cmls,  and  ai 
revolution. 

We  quit  Leon  for  Bcalejo  ;  and  onr  way! 
li^  over  levid  countiy,  thi-ough  thick  for©:st, 
ou  the  usutU  mut.l-aiid-siump  mule  ti-ack. 
,  Realejo,  the  town,  is  about  two  leamjca 
t  distant  from  Eealejo,  the  hai'bour:  it  na  a 
mere  collection  of  mud  huts.  The  harbour  ia 
a  safe  and  good  one,  suited  for  large  ves^la^ 
and  comnletely  sheltered.  Tljia  hai'lxmr  will 
|>erhapa  be  chosen  ou  the  Pacific  side,  as  tHe 
terminus  of  the  proposed  canal.  San  •'uan 
del  Sur,  a  little  fmllter  to  the  south,  hA&  also 
its  advocates. 

Several  fresh  water  stre.ams  run  into  the 
creek  which  forms  tlie  harlxjur  of  B^^alejo, 
One  of  these  fluw  from  within  three  leagxica 
of  ft  lake^the  L.ake  of  ilanagua— f>ver  a 
gentle  slope.  Let  ua  imagine  this  stream  on 
the  track  of  the  canal  ;  let  ua,  indeed,  LmagiD«& 
the  canal  cut  from  Bealejo  into  that  LaJce. 
With  I^ake  Managua,  the  larger  lake  of 
Nicaragua  is  connected  nli-eatiy  Iry  a  river, 
which  we  wdl  suppose  tnuisformed  inU\  canal. 
We  float  then  into  the  great  Lake  of  Nioa- 
ra^ia.  A  wind  sweeps  over  it,  .\ud  it  ia 
roiling  like  a  sea ;  before  us  there  is  no  Laad 
visible.    From  lahmds  upon  it,  and  trom  itfl 


CbtfUtJHvhnM.] 


OUB  PHANTOM  SHIP, 


521 


^ 


ehorea,  ariac  mngtiifieent  Tolcasoea.  Wild- 
luwl  dit  over  the  wator  ;  deep  wood*  clothe? 
the  bank.  The  lake  is  uiaety-five  milefl  long, 
tmil  thirty  miles  broad,  in  its  brotwJeat  part. 
We  reach  the  River  St.  John,  which  leads  out 
of  the  laJ(«  into  the  Atlantic  Harbour  of  San 
Juaji  del  Norte.  The  river,  with  ita  windings, 
ia  about  seventy-niiie  miles  long,  flowing 
throuo^h  derise  forest.  This  we  tmai^ue  cou- 
v»rted  into  canal,  and  we  have  traversed  one 
of  the  proposed  routes.  Ketuming  b}*^  the 
St.  John  into  the  Lake  of  Nicaragua,  we  have 
only  to  cross  the  lake,  to  reach  a  wpot  where 
we  aie  separated  by  no  more  tlian  sLxtc^n 
tuiiea  of  hind  from  the  FacLtic  harbour  of  San 
Jiiau  del  Sur.  Tliis  i»  by  far  the  shortest 
route,  but  there  are  forcible  objections  to 
it.  Across  the  path  of  thoae  sixteen  miles, 
there  runs  a  mnge  of  hills,  to  be  traversed 
only  by  a  deep  cutting  or  a  tiuinelj  or  both. 
And  deep  cuttings  or  tuunek  are  neither  of 
them  quite  safe  ui  the  s^uciety  of  volcanoea, 
however  matter-of-fact  they  may  seem  to 
Englishmen.  Furthermore,  it  is  said  that  the 
Fort  of  bt.  John  del  iiiir,  ia  not  an  eligible 
one,  swept  during  five  months  of  tht;  year  by 
an  ail  verse  north  wind.  The  barl)oi]r  of 
Realejo  forms  an  admirable  tenninxis,  per- 
fectly embayed,  and  sheltered  by  nn  ishmd  at 
its  njouUi,  while  the  proposed  canal  route, 
iJthiiUgh  longer,  presents  muck  leas  tiv^i- 
neenng  difficulty.  Not  that  it  is  diDicult  to 
engineers  to  operate  just  as  they  please,  upon 
deail  matter  ;  but  that  to  make  a  tunnel  or  a 
cutting  is  one  things  and  to  insure  it  against 
eartliquidces,  is  another.  In  Mav,  1844,  a 
series  of  violent  earthquake  shocKB  passed 
over  tlie  precise  site  of  tnia  projected  cuttmg, 
and  did  great  damage  to  the  town  of 
Nicarfigita. 

The  uuhealthiness  of  the  Atlantic  coasts 
the  danger  to  £uropean  overseers  during 
that  part  of  the  operation  which  will  concern 
the  river  Saint  John  ;  the  worthles&uess  of 
Dati\'o  labour,  the  (jueatiou  of  the  necessity 
of  negro  free  labour,  and  all  such  matters, 
we  need  not  discuss.  It  may  be  noted,  how- 
ever, that  in  making  the  new  railway  from 
Chagrea  t<t  Panama,  the  works  have  been 
iniprudenlJy  commenced  on  the  unhealthy 
side.  Commencement  at  the  other  end 
might  have  given  some  time  to  the  labourers 
in  which  they  could  become  better  acdi- 
mutised. 

Now  we  are  about  to  quit  the  state  of 
Nioariigua.  It  is  a  country  of  rich,  fertile 
plains  and  slopes,  freely  besprinkled  with 
volcinic  )»»aka.  It  can  produce  fine  indigo, 
cotton,  sugar,  and  cf»coa.  Maliogany,  ce<mr 
and  Brazil  w<xh1,  abound  in  its  forests ; 
tliioves,  i£iggeiJ  tioldiers,  and  political  convul- 
sions abuund  in  its  towns. 

We  enter  Costa  Elca,  the  moat  southern 
Btat«»  which  for  some  years  past  has  been 
c^uiKly  Industrious,  and  given  up  the  revolu- 
tjonary  biisiu(^»s.  Here  we  traverse  wild 
rocjks  and  fonsst-oovered  gleaw  until  we  reach 


I  he  high  table- land  in  the  centre  of  the  state, 
which  is  the  cultivated  part  of  Gwtn  Rien. 
Here  are  three  towns — San  tlose  the  capiUvl, 
Alhajuela,  and  Heridia.  Sugar  is  grown  here, 
but  coffee-plautationa  are  the  chief  soui'ce  of 
prospeiity, 

San  Jose,  like  Guatemala,  is  a  new  cjipital. 
We  visit  the  old  city,  Qirtago  ;  it  is  a  mass  of 
ruins,  ms^ide  by  an  earthquake  in  1841.  The 
old  volcano  looks  down  on  the  mischief 
smoking  quietlj. 

Tiie  coHee  of  Coata  Rica  sent  to  Europe,  is 
not  shipped  on  the  Athintie  side.  The  moun- 
t-ains,  valleys,  marshes,  and  prevailing  rains 
of  the  Atlantic  coast,  make  that  side  so  im- 
f>racticable,  that  although  they  have  a  port 
on  the  Atlantic,  the  Costa  Bicans  shudder 
at  the  difficulty  and  expense  of  making  roads 
to  it  for  transj)ort  of  theii*  produce.  Thei^e- 
fore  they  make  roads  suitable  for  country 
carta — better  than  mule  tracks,  to  their  port 
on  the  Pacific,  Punta  Arenas,  in  the  GoLf  of 
Nicoza.  This  port  is  formed  by  a  sandpit 
about  two  leagues  long,  running  out  fivam  tlie 
main  land,  enclosing  a  harbour  sheltered  by 
two  isiauda,  and  accessible  to  small  vessels, 
which  can  receive  and  land  cargo  only  by 
boats.  The  vilL'ige  is  built  upon  the  sandpit, 
and  from  hence  the  coffee  is  exported.  Here, 
too,  there  is  a  Pearl  Fishery.  Tlie  Costa 
Ricans  think  it  better  to  sell  theii*  coflV*e  in 
Europe  at  the  disadvantage  of  three  pounds  a 
ton,  by  paying  freight  for  the  circumnaviga- 
tion of  South  America,  than  to  make  roMls 
to  their  port  of  Matinas,  on  the  Atlantic, 
wljjch,  in  point  of  mileage  merely,  is  no 
farther  distant  from  the  cotfee-grounds  than 
Funta  Arenas. 

Now  we  ore  at  our  journey's  end,  and 
waiting  on  the  sandpit  for  our  Phantom  Ship. 
We  have  seen  the  siir&ce  of  the  land.  Beneath 
tbe  surface  are  abundant  deposits  of  gold, 
silver,  and  iron.  We  havo  seen  sometiiing  of 
the  wealth  lavished  by  Nature  upon  tnat 
district  of  the  world,  whose  part  in  the  world's 
history  is  destined  to  be  hereafter  as  large  as 
it  now  is  little,  llie  present  inhabitants  of 
Central  America — Spanish,  mixed  or  coloured 
— know  no  more  of  the  use  which  they  might 
make  of  their  unlimited  resourcea,  than  a  baby 
knows  what  it  can  buy  with  half-a-crown. 
An  iudustrioos  and  settled  population,  in 
the  iirst  place — no  more  revolutions — in  the 
second  place,  good  roiids,  are  the  great  wonts 
of  Central  America.  Nothing  but  Anglo- 
Saxon  energy  will  ever  stir  this  sluggish  |>ool 
into  life.  There  is  no  vigour  in  the  revolu- 
tions even  ;  they  ore  not  an  active  ebullition 
of  the  feelingB,  but  a  chronic  malady. 

Who  is  to  fell  the  trees,  to  destroy  the  sick- 
liness of  an  excessive  vegetation  ?  Who  is  to 
form  the  roods,  to  work  the  mines,  to  make 
the  cultivated  soil  yield  its  best  trc^^fiures  in 
their  full  abundance  I  When  the  commerce 
oi  Europe  shall  flow  into  the  Pacific,  thruugli 
the  Nicaniguan  Coual^  those  questions  will  be 
answered  readily. 


522 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


But  now  we  stop  into  mir  Phantom  Sliip,  to 
snil  lioiiio  by  the  country  uf  the  PuUtgonians  ; 
ami  in  a  minute  yon  are  landed  uafely'by  your 

THE  QUEEN'S  BAZAAR. 

Tins,  articles  displayed  for  nJe  at  the 
Qtie«'irs  Baxaai*  are  brought  together  under 
iMjculiiir  drciainatancea,  SSome  of  thera  are 
uandeil  i»v«i'  In'  Her  Majeaity'*  Eeveune 
odiecra,  who  obtain  them  &oin  panengera  as 
they  step  iushonj  from  foreign  steamers.  Some, 
arui  tlius  unwillingly  ooiitribiite4i  by  fiill- 
ticf»»e^  dowairers  :   by  vouncr  liwUe*  cairyiug 


tleiueo  ;  or  by 
with  pratube- 
.  like  llie  **Btuff- 
whcn  they    play 


piio<lile>» ;  ''  "    '     '     " 

ol»«*e  iiul 

rating  bnun.>-i"....r.-,.  ,„.  i, 

iu)r''    jjuiopteti    by    act<»rs 
Fiilstair. 

1 1  itt,  however,  a  pity  that  the  smu'^^lingrpr&- 
penflities  of  Mi's,  Brown,   Mi^s  Itobinson,  or 
Mr.  iV*fnbigH,  &liouM  'te  a  wituse  of  annoyance 
to  th«  thou«Ukd«  ot  |*ft8sengt'i's  who  land  weekly 
an  onr  ci>a8ia.  It  is  a  pity,  that  I Hf cause  Miss 
Bumble  cannot  leaisi  the  teiuptMioii    of  se- 
creling  ft  bottle  or  1  n       '  ^       '    ' '  '     '  ^  o  be- 
tween the  f«ildR  of  I  ries  ; 
that  because  Alr.I'^tz-l  iinv*in.-i  i^in  ..lu-uaui'* 
edition  o!"  "Astoria"   in   his  hjit-box  ;    their 
felh.»w-piis.s«iig*'rs  should  be  subjected  to  the 
annoyance  of  having  their  wanb'tjbea  tumbled 
out  upon  a  counter,  for  the  amusement  of  the 
curiouB.     It  is  distressing  to  witueaa  the  per- 
foruiRJice  of  the  6earcher*B  duties*.  Mrri.  Tipli  p's 
bo.vcs  iux^  thrc»wn  upon  tjje  counter,  uno<rt"ded, 
nii)^H'k.*d.     Tlie  searcher  commences  by  ro- 
I                  II 'Replies  of  Bilk  dresst'a  ;  Mrs/Fiplip 
i  n  a  state  of  the  g  r^uate^t  eicitemejit. 
xn"  ^<\1M  iier  vijToroiijaly  ranis  his  ami  to  the 
bottom  of  the  trunk,  ami  by  a  dexterous  twist 
tumbles  its  eont^nts  into  a  condition  of  the 
most  picturesque  confusion.     Mrs,  Tinlip  feels 
thfit   she    Avill    faint,    if  the   man    Actes    not 
desist  at  otice.     But,  he  rei^arda  neither  her 
ootiiiimon  nor  her  eijxjstuiations.     He   roUs 
ikthizcn  (iairs  of  stockings  upon  the  counter; 
he  rattlus  her  jewel-case  ami  asks  for  the  key  ; 
he  minutely  inspects  her  supply  of  linen ;  he 
brin|J:;s  to  public  liirht  all  kiiuls  of  little  secret 
'             ^         '  i MS,  which  gentlemen  are 
I  to  see.     He  hopes  that 
l;.  .      ,  u.   .....1.,  .jid  article  aecretMi  in  her 

needlecuse.  ii  e  tnists  t hat  tb«re  ia  Dothing  hot 
cotton  in  her  work-box  ;  and  haviufr  chalked 
ft  hu",'*?  hieiYsglyphic  npon  the  tnmk,  pushes 
the  whole  tumbled  exposed  heap  from  wfone 
lijm,  and  turns  t^»  another  victim.  No  wand  then 
he  nUhlc'ssly  seizes  a  bottle  of  bnmdy,  a  few 
yards  of  lace,  or  a  pair  of  new  shoes;  but 
genei-ally  finals  nothinji»  worth  touching.  The 
value  of  his  contributions  to  the  Queen'a 
BiLz:uu-    Bcai-cely   ctrvers   the   amount   of   hm 

In  another  part  of  the  Ctifitom  House  are 
officiaU  keeping  up  the  Queen's  Basaar  stock 
by  mulcting  the  merchants.    It  ia 


to  prevent  importers  from  nnderatotirig  the 
value  of  gootls  upon  whirb  an  nti  mhjrtrm  tliity 
iM  charged.     To  ch<  •  '  -m 

lias  been  a*lopted  -  .  ch 

valued     Thus,  when  a  merchant  ileclAne*  thm 

value   of  a   itale   of    goods^   and    the    of&Tei 

bidieves  the  dyclarntiou  U*  be  ondeistatdi,  Ito 

pays  the  value  tlie  mcn^hant  h:*^  <(•  c*lu-«-^^  to 

the  owner,  and  retains  the  jfi>j<la. 

fui-niBhi>d  the  chief  articles  which  ) 

periodical   Costoui  House  sale.     Very   olUiii, 

Her   Majesty    loses    by   these    tramtArtion* 

Thus,   a  merchant   imf>ortod  an 

soiled    goods    latel3%   which    he 

the    value   he   houeutly   believed    ' 

fetch.     Tliis  dedanition  beiui*,  trt 

the   otheials   {who  disrc'i*^!' ■'    «• 

condition   of   the    good 

paid  the  merchant  his  j  ^     :.     . 

Her   Majesty,   and    subjected    them    to    tbe 

hammer,    in    the    ex|)ectation  tJiat    n    ronti.l 

sum  would  be  realised  by  the  b 

turned  out,  however,  that  the  m. 

rather  oirer»tate<i  the  \ 

quenoe  was^  that  the  g* 

one  hundred   and  tlfly 

<.?UBtom  Huutie  aiithorii 

As  n  '  " '  i-opurtion  <A   m- 

thf  "cf  the  t^*ustoni 

are  n .  aud   j»aid  for  aa  u:  _ 

bazaar  is  in  some  soit  a  Govenim  ia- 

tion  ;  and  oue^  probably,  that  dot  s  ,ni 

a  large  per  ceutag^e  of  protit.  The  pickioga 
from  truukH,  form  iteni8  which  it  is  en»y  to 
ti'ace ,  the  articles  HTcnche*!  from  the  gra«v 
of  professional  smugglers  are  for  the  naost 
part  eitlier  totjacco  or  spirits. 

Having  thus  bnefly  revi^'wed  the  ai'stenM 
which  mi  Her  Mnj-  "  ■■-'•■  •  ]\  kibda 
of  valuable  comni  i -r    t)ie 

Queen's  Warehoiist.,   ,,;,i.,UA.    .,,  -nfi* 

floor   of  the    Cust'Otu    House.     1'  /b 

Warehouse   is   not  an  im^iosiug      ,  :,t, 

either  in  ha   decorations  or   extent.      It,   is 
simply  a  Urg«  aquare  roont,  lighteti   Viy   tm 
average  number  of  windows,  and  oonaiating  of 
four  bare  walls,  upou  which  there  is  not  th« 
most  distant  approach  to  decoration.  C<>unt«rB 
are  i^a43ed  in  diti'ertnit  direct inn&,  with  no  re* 
gaPQ  to  order   or   e fleet.      Here  and   the«» 
inaaaes  of  dra^tery  for  sale  are  hung  auapendea 
from  cords,  or,  to  all  appearance,  xia^ed  agaiuat 
the  wall.     Across  one  comer  of  the  rooin»  ita 
the  immediate  vicinity  of  a  rery  handscjiae 
inlaid  cabinet,  two  rows  of  dihipidated  Hath 
ciiape  are  alung  upon  a  rope.    Ckise  umier 
these  delicacies,  stands  a  rotscAVood  puuio,  OQ 
wliich  a  foreign  latly,  snpporteil  by  a  fijireiiru 
gentleman,  is  playing  a  showy  fantasia.     The 
effect  of  her  brlUiaot  and  veaemaat  prform- 
ance  ia,  however,  unhappily  marreil  by   thd 
presumption  uf  a  young  gMillt'umn    who    is 
trying  a  groes  of  acwrdioos,  aiumted   at  ih© 
further  end  of  the  row  of  ohaps^  by  ]ilaying 
the  lirst  few  notes  of  the  National  AnUivm 
upon  each,  with  utter  diireffird  of  time  and 


Ckula  DUteu.1 


THE  QUEEN^S  BAZAAR. 


&23 


tune.  At  the  elbow  of  this  young  gcntletiuui 
an  old  gentleniau  us  mbbmg  sunie  raw  silk^ 
AS  though  he  longed  to  wa^ii  it — «Lnd  then 
btruking  it  wit.ti  a  touchiu^  fondness,  lie 
oni-i-ie^  a  mtaJogtie  in  hLs  li&iiti,  and  when  he 
h:vi^  coiJipIeUd  his  iMSpeclioii,  hoateud  to  moke 
$otue  !         ^  '  hic€  in  it 

A'  I   little  more  into  the  bosaar^ 

id  >  w)iv  l>etwe«u  all  kinds  of  m^n 

^|li  &i  I  ,    .  r  i«ju  who  '^  tbink  oue  and  a 

lumt  ^i/     or  who  "wouldn^t   mind 

\kiug  tiiu  (i.'U[njL;:(e<l  with  the  sound/'  or  who 
confident  •'  there  is  no  longer  any  honie 
larket  ft>r  such  gootls  ^* — we  reach  th«  lltvt 
)ng  counter.  HeifT  we  discover  a  rich  aasoVt- 
kent  of  oltjects  plied  about  in  hopeleis  oou- 
laion, 
Eighty-nine  opera  ghisses :  threedozen  **coni- 

iMiiiiuns  "'-^♦more  numerous  than  select,  jjer- 
laps.      Forty   dozen   bbck   brooches — oraa- 
»<?uUil  ninuniing,  sent  over  probably  by  some 
ireign  manufacturer,  relying  in  the  KelpiesB- 
i«*8s  of  our  Woods -aJKl-Fore*it4i-rid den  Board 
>f  Health,  nud  in  tht^  dc>ath-dealiu|;  fogs  and 
•nches  of  our  metroiwlifl.     S«?vouteeu  dozen 
^MtM-rcotye    platen,    to    receive    .Vi    many 
iretty    and     happy    face*.      Eighty    detzeu 
>nxH:':lies ;  nineteen  dozen  pairs  of  ear-rings; 
►rtV'two    dozen    finger-rings  ;    twenly-oue 
[dozen    p'lirs    of    bracelets.      Tiie    quantities 
nd  variulied  are  Iniwildering,  and   the.  ladies 
luster  about  in  a  state  of  breathless  excite- 
ient»    or    give    way    to     re;;^rot*    that    tiie 
kuthurlties  will  not  scU  less  than  ten  dozen 
ira^sk,  or  half  a  doz«n  clocks. 
Tike    Fi\*nch   popuhu:    notion,   that    every 
li^Ushiuan  haa  an  exhnu.stlesa  store  of  riches^ 
^mH  tu  hol«l  Hi  firmly  as  ever  ;  for,  here  we 
d  abtMit  three  hundi-ed  dozen  portegvwnnaLi^ 
il    countless  jpursesj   evidently   of    French 
ifuiuflicture.     Presentl^^  wo  lye  idiown  what 
,i.,  I,-.  .T>-.,,i.i  ...J  I  '. ..  --",11  tic  system  of 
1 14  1  rty-eight  gross 

cl  i  'roll  on,amused 

at  tlie  variety  of  the  scene — the  intent  looks 
with  which  nif-n  are  peering  into  all  kinds  of 
packajres,  t<»«jting  al!  kinds  of  miuiufiictures  in 
all  Hints  of  ways,  and  making  notes  eagerly 
in  their  catalog'ueii.  We  pause  before  Be^eu 
crost^e.^  and  nine  cnicifixes,  **  mounted."  A 
particular  interest  -uttai'hes  to  these  gaudy 
cereuntnial  trinkets  of  Berlin  ware.  They 
rere  tuil.  up  to  auction  with  a  cigar-holder^ 
il  ^li-\.'ii  linger-ringH,  far  the  suju  of  three 
ijvur^.iM  (iileen  ahillinga.  At  Uie  fai-ther  end 
\'j^  counter  before  which  we  have 
i>  '"ig?  *re  some  very  fmelyHJxecuted 

i'ufiiM3«|  i^ad  Dresden,  and  other  vaaea,  marked 
exceedingly   low   pric^    Yet,   acooitiing 
the  calalomie,  they  h*vo  all  been   under- 
lued»  and  the  aale  of  them  ia  a  Uoverument 

nlation. 
To  roaiiBe  an  idea  of  the  Que«n*a  Baxaar  on 

l^'' *•'•'-  -f  saXe^  it  ig  nec&asary  to  have  a 

he  uupleasantne.s8  of  hearing 
t  -  ... .^.....ble  air  pUyed  at  short  intervaU 
im  every  kmd  of  iuBtrumeut^  by  perdurment  *>( 


varioua  degrees  of  isklll.  We  were  suddenly 
attracted  to  the  seut^nd  counter  ijt  t!ir  m  ^m 
by  a  few  loud  noted  played  i!  y 

a  short   geuLleman    with   a 
Tlia  counter  was  loaded   with    Lj  i 

menta,  lyiug  in  confused  heapin;  ^  1 

in  papera,aom<  ^  '       igli  Uku  ...v.  rs, 

and  others  gl  sun,  in  all  the 

nakedness  of  ^-^  i.»... ..  ^...^.  Wc  began  to 
think  that  a  brass  band  bad  been  seised  oy  the 
rutiUe&a  aearchei-s  of  the  Custom-house  :  lut, 
on  referring  to  our  catalogue,  we  1  t 

thiaheapofcomopeaDSjcUrioueta..  ., 

trombones^  cUmouB,  viulonceUi,  aixi  guiUira, 
had  been  undervalued  according  to  the  Cu^ 
tom-hou&6  authorities,  and  hoA  h^  ut 

on  behalf  of  Government.     An  h 

sixteen  lianels  had  also  fallen  iiito  ike  jt.ui'ia 
of  Government^  for  something  under  titly- 
three  ponmlii.  A  solitary  drum  had  l>een 
resigned  to  the  authorities,  aa  ati  under- 
valued article ;  it  was  the  only  instrument 
which  remainLsi  untouched. 

Near  the^  musical  iustrumenta,  lay  a  great 
variety  oJ'  china  from  all  parts  of  the  world. 
Designs  the  most  graceful,  aud  di^t-ortioUB  th« 
most  groteaque,  were  hu'  ihcr.    Two 

»alt-o3lars,  which  h.-id  U  hied,  were 

inside  of  two  butter-boats,  uiat  niui  been  liiiui- 
larly  treated  ;  Mhile  two  egg-cujj**,  detained 
by  the  majeaty  of  Euglinh  law,  stood  ruodfi^tiy 
l>e!iide  some  t)f  the  splendid  pottery  of  Dresden. 
Near  idl  this  china,  were  about  one  hundred- 
and-tweuLy  }»arty-coloured  Chinese  lamps«  in 
the  immediate  neighbourhood  I  of  twenty-eight 
cottages  (dolhi'),  napkin-raigs,  nincnshions, 
nut-cracker^  paper-knives,  &c.,  :dl  ol*  the  cele- 
brated Bwifls  carving,  of  which  some  Mplemlid 
Rpecimeua  *re  pi-oniuiad  ibr  the  Great  Exiii- 
bition. 

Tired  with  the  enuUeas  variety  of  the  Go- 
vennnent  Bazaar,  we  must  paas  over — seventy- 
six  dozen  acissoi'a,  seventeen  dozen  Itellowa^ 
and  even  ninety- five  coffee  biggins,  to  say 
nothing  of  nineteen  LLrdiug-£kewei*B,  thir- 
teen scoops,  fifty  thouaand  tickets  in  sheet^ 
and  one  thousand  box  tops — to  come  to  a  few 
parock  over  which  we  saw  many  gentlemen 
pause,  and  to  which  ladiea  hastened  with  ejiger 
Btepe.  Here  thev  are ;— sixty  thousand  grosa  of 
buttons!  Two  li'     '     '     idlifty-tw.    '  V- 

stamls;  hundr  grosaofh 

Of  the  stocks  vi  ait.  ' 

chiefs,  we  do  not  j  ; 

but  it  appears  rathci  ..  r 

the  value  of  two  embroii  i  one 

scarf.     However,  the  Auu  i  to  be 

excellent  judges  of  the  value  ot  a  bght  crust, 
and  the  cost  of  confectionerj' :  iua^mach  as 
they  hiiVB  thought  lit  to  detiJn,  as  under- 
valueil,  no  less  than  fif^y-five  pa£S^  de  /oit* 
Kfi'iu^  and  a  very  pi-oxmaix]g  consignment  of 
canare. 

A  moQg  the  seizures  which  wo  find  in  Uie 
Queen's  Bazj*Ar,  u  a  mualiu  diesa  skirt, 
enibroidereil ;  one  robe  with  body  ;  one  s«;iu-f ; 
twehHi  collars  ^  iunumei-able  dre«is  pioces;  ana 


t 


624 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


rCaaa^ir«B4  to» 


^^        that, 


tljr«e  bonnets*  The  a^ny  of  the  respective 
owiiors  of  these  elegancies  ueed  not  be  dwelt 
upon.  But^  p€ihapa  the  most  melancholy'  lot 
in  tJve  Govermneut  liazaar  waa  a  packet  of 
panipliieU,  '*  weighing  one  hundredweiphi, 
two  quarters,  twenty-one  poundA»"  acconliug 
to  the  catalogue,  to  be  sold  for  the  "  benefit  ot 
the  Crown.  This  direct  njipeal  from  the 
Commiaaioners  of  CuKtoniB  to  the  tnink- 
makers  uf  the  comitry,  cannot  Ik*  contemplated 
by  any  lover  of  literature  with  otlier  thun 
feelings*  of  strong  antipathy.  Various  old 
trunks,  boioa  of  old  clothea,  hlindreds  of 
tattered  volumes,  liundredH  of  pains  of 
dice,  docka  inxiumeruble,  countlesa  watches, 
rivers  of  wine  apirit«,  tons  of  tobacco,  mjiv 
be  added  to  our  list  of  the  stock  which 
Her  Majesty  haa  periodically  on  sale.  On 
the  particular  occatsion  to  which  we  have 
been  all  along  refiirring,  thi^ee  hundred  gross 
of  lucifer  niatche«  tignred  in  tlie  Bazaar, 
besides  several  atu-e^  ot  East  India  matting  ; 
forty-nine  gallons  of  Chutney  sauce  ;  eighteen 
gnllona  of  curry  jjaate  ;  thirty  millions  of 
Bpltnts;  seventy-seveti  hundredweight  ofalat4i 
pencib ;  sixty-eight  gallons  of  rose-water ;  one 
pttckage  of  visiting  cards;  one  ships  long- 
toAt;  and  *^fonr  pound*''  of  booka  in  the 
English  language  ! 

Truly,  the  gptitkmeo  who  test  the  pricea  of 
these  various  articles  of  commerce — who  can 
hit  upon  the  precise  value  of  alate  pencils 
and  caviare*  dolls'  housca  aij<l  fat,  liver  \tsX- 
tiefi — must  have  extraordinary  experience  ! 
That  they  are,  after  all,  human,  and  are 
Buhjeci  to  miatidces  like  the  rest  of  us,  ia 
indiHputable. 

The  Queen *a  Bazaar  ia  a  specimen  of  the 
profitableness  and  policy  of  the  whole  system, 
fenmggljng,  of  which  it  is  the  pju*ent,  ia  not 
lookea  upon  V>y  the  community  w^ith  much 
horror  ;  on  the  contrary,  by  some,  aa  rather  a 
meritorious  means  of  making  b.irgaina,  "  To 
pretend  to  liave  any  scru^ide  about  buying 
amuggled  go«jds,''  Adam  Smith  tells  us, 
"  would  in  niotit  eountriea  be  reganled  as  one 
of  those  jMj(l:mtic  pieces  of  hyixwriBV  wliich, 
insteail  of  gaining  credit  witli  anybody,  8ei*ve 
only  to  €xj»ose  Uie  person  who  pretends  to 
practiae  thorn,  to  the  sUBpicion  of  being  a 
greater  kuave  tbin  the  rest  of  his  neigh- 
bours" 

Tile  daii":or  of  mainliiining  laift-B  which 
it  is  held  ny  many  well-meaning  i.>ersonH, 
not  inglorious  to  break,  has  forced  itself 
upon  the  governments  of  most  countries  ;  and 
it  may  be  safely  stated  that  the  re<luction  of 
duties  on  foreign  goods  haa  done  more  to  put 
down  BmuggUng  than  fleets  of  revenue  cuUera^ 
armies  of  coast  giianls,  and  the  quick  «yea 
of  searchers,  It  is  now  believed  that  "  when- 
ever duties  exceed  thirty  per  cent  ad  valorem^ 
it  18  impossible  to  prevent  a  contraband  trade.'* 
The  experience  of  the  present  time  points  to 
thi^  conclusion,  and  further  tends  to  show 
that,  economically,  high  duties  are  Ie«j  pro- 
ductive to  the  revenue  than  low  duties  :  inas- 


much as  to  levy  high  duties,  a  large  protective 
force  must  lie  mainUined,  whereas,  with 
low  duties,  smuggling  sinks  to  a  losing  g^ime, 
and  is  quickly  abandoned.  In  1^31,  Ixird 
Congleton  estimateil  thecost  of  pi  the 

revenue,  at  from  seven  hundred   i  t** 

eight  Imndred  thousand  |Ktunds.  la  i'^'A% 
upwards  of  one  hundred  and  eighty-one  thou- 
sand poundK  were  expended  in  budding  cot- 
tages for  the  officers  and  men  of  the  Coast 
Guard  in  Kent  and  Sussex.  Yet,  while  duties 
are  irapoaed,  however  paltry  in  amount, 
people  of  an  economical  turn  will  do  a  little 
smuggling  oTi  their  own  account — as  luucll 
for  the  pwpular  glory  of  defrauding  the 
revenue,  as  for  the  irresiatible  impulse  of' 
saving  a  few  shillings. 

LIKENESS  IN  DIFFERENCE. 

Tecere  was  a  tale  of  feclinj|[, 

Told  at  eve,  in  a  stately  room. 
Where  tbo  air  was  an  odo" 

And  the  light  was  a  gor.  i:  :— 

And  there  was  a  story  whi^pctA;d, 

At  a  window,  whone  only  bhud 
Waa  of  wet  vineleavt-     •'  •'  ••'    Tcred 

And  fihook  in  the  1  : 

Two  talcs  that  were  •  ,    i»eu. 

Yet  thesir  import  o«*,  1  kuuw, 
.Vnd  the  language  of  each  was  broken — 

And  both  were  true  ! 

There  was  a  maiden  queenly,'— 

Thiough  bright  halld  ghding  came. 
Which  grow  brighter,  as  stiii  seriinely 

She  smiled  o'er  on  uiibre4ilhod  Name : 
And  there  sat  a  maiden  lotioly 

On  the  hearth,  striving*  line  by  line 
By  the  light  of  the  embers  only, 

To  wpeU  out  a  Valentine. 
Two  hearts  that  were  keeping  duly 

One  time  and  one  tunc  in  ej^ch  breast. 
Both  true  loved  and  loving  tmly — 

And  both  were  blest  I 


A  CHILD'S  HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND. 

CHAPTER  II. 

The  Romans  had  scarcely  gone  away  from 
Britjiin,  when  the  Britons  begaji  to  wish  they 
bad  never  left  it.  For,  the  Roman  soldiera 
Wing  gone,  and  the  Britons  being  much 
refluced  in  uumbers  by  their  long  wars,  the 
Picts  and  Scots  came  pouring  in  over  the 
broken  and  unguarded  wall  ot  Sevebub  in 
KwarmK*  They  jilnndered  the  richest  low  us, 
an«l  killed  thepeople  ;  and  came  back  so  often 
for  more  booty  and  more  alaughter,  that  the 
unfortunate  BiitouB  lived  a  life  of  terror. 
As  if  the  Picta  and  Scots  were  not  l>ad 
enoudi  on  land,  the  Saxofw  attacked  the 
islanders  by  sea  ;  and,  as  if  sometiiing  more 
were  still  wanting  to  make  them  miaerable, 
they  (quarrelled  bitterly  among  thcmwelvea 
m  to  wliat  prayers  they  ought  to  Bay,  and 
how  they  ought  to  say  them.  The  prieata^ 
being  very  angiy  with  one  anothei"  on  thtao 


UlUiriM  PttlMM-J 


A  CHILD'S  HISTORY  OF  ENGLA^a>. 


02S 


N 


questions,  cttned  one  another  in  the  heartiest 
nuaiTii'r  ;  and  (uncommonly  like  the  old 
Druids)  cursed  all  tho  people  whom  they 
could  not  ]>ersuado.  So,  altogether,  the 
BHtoua  were  very  biully  off,  you  may 
Buppiiee. 

I'bcy  were  in  such  ^liatresa,  \n  short,  that 
tixtfj  Bent  a  letter  to  Jtonie,  cDtreating  help : 
which  they  called  The  Groaiis  of  the  Britons, 
and  in  whicli  they  sjiid,  "  The  barbarians 
chttjse  us  iiiti)  tho  sea  ;  the  sea  throws  ns  back 
u^wn  the  barbiirians ;  and  we  have  only  the 
hanl  eh* ►ire  lelt  ns  of  pemhing  by  the  swonl, 
or  perishing  by  the  waveji,"  But,  the  Romans 
could  not  help  them,  even  if  they  were  so 
inelinetl  ;  for  they  ha<l  euongh  to  do  to  defend 
themselvea  t^ainiit  their  own  enemies,  who 
were  then  very  tierce  and  strong.  At  last, 
the  Britons,  nnable  to  bear  their  hard  con- 
dition any  longer,  reaolvetl  to  make  peace 
with  the  8axoua,  and  to  invite  the  Saxona  to 
come  into  their  country,  and  heJp  them  to 
keep  out  the  Pitrts  and  Scots, 

It  WAS  a  Britiah  Prince  named  Vortioerk 
who  look  this  resolution,  and  who  made  a 
treaty  of  friendship  with  Hbnoist  and  Hohsa, 
two  Saxon  chiefs.  Both  of  theae  uamea,  in 
the  old  Saxon  langnage,  signify  Hoi-ae ;  for,  the 
Sfixons,  like  many  other  nations  in  a  rough 
alAte,  were  fond  of  mving  men  the  names  of 
aninxaU,  as  Horse,  Vn  olf,  Bear,  Hound.  Tho 
Indians  of  North  America, — a  very  inferior 

Seople  to  the  Saxona— do  the  same  to  this 
ay. 

Hexgist  and  Hobs  a  drove  out  the  Picts 
and  S45ot« ;  and  Vortioerk,  being  grateful  to 
them  for  that  service,  ma<le  no  opposition  to 
their  settling  thcmaelves  in  that  part  of 
Enghuid  which  is  called  the  lale  of  Thanet, 
or  to  tlieir  'm>iting  over  more  of  their  country- 
men to  join  them.  But,  Hk.vgist  hadal>eau{i- 
fu!  daughter  named  Rowena  ;  and  when,  at  a 
fea^t,  tihe  tilled  a  golden  goblet  to  the  brim 
with  wine,  and  gave  it  to  Vortiqern,  snyin^, 
in  a  sweet  voic^e,  ^  Dear  King,  thv  health  !  ' 
the  king  fell  in  love  with  her.  Ivfy  opinion 
ia,  that  the  cumiing  Hkngist  meant  liim 
to  do  so,  in  order  that  tho  Saxona  midit 
have  greiiter  influence  with  him  ;  and  that 
the  fair  Howena  came  to  that  feast,  golden 
goblet  and  all,  on  purj>ose. 

At  any  rate,  they  were  married :  and,  long 
afterwards,  whenever  the  king  was  angrj' 
with  the  SaxouB,  or  jealoim  of  their  ennroach- 
mentit,  Rowesa  would  put  her  beautiful  arms 
round  hifl  neck,  and  softly  Bay,  "  Dear  king, 
they  are  my  people  '  Be  favourable  to  them, 
m  you  lovetf  that  Saxon  girl  who  gave  you 
thf  iroldfn  goblet  of  wine  at  the  feaat !  *' 
,1  don*t  Bee  how  the  king  could 
1-  it'. 

Ail :  We  mmrt;  all  die  !  In  the  course  of 
yea»,VoRTTOBRN  ilied — he  wasdethroneil,  and 
put  in  f  '  ';  st,  I  am  afniid — and  Howkna 
dttt4],  .  tionji  of  Saxona  and  Britons 

dioil ;  .,.,.i^,._..uthat  happened  during  a  long, 
long  time  would  have  been  quite  forgotten 


but  for  the  tales  and  aoiigs  of  the  old  Barda, 
who  used  to  go  about  from  feast  to  foaflt, 
with  their  white  beanis,  recounting  the  dee«l8 
of  their  forefathers.  Among  the  hbtories  of 
which  tliey  aang  and  talked,  there  waa  a 
famous  one,  concerning  the  bravery  and  virtues 
of  Kino  Arthur,  supposed  to  have  been  a 
British  Prince  in  these  old  tinie><.  But,  whether 
such  a  person  really  lived,  or  whether  there 
were  several  persona  whose  histories  came  to 
be  confused  together  under  that  one  name,  or 
whether  all  about  him  was  invention,  no  one 
knows. 

I  will  tell  you,  ahortly,  what  ii  most  inter- 
esting in  the  early  Saxon  times,  as  they  aie 
described  in  these  songs  and  stories  of  the 
Barda. 

In,  .and  long  after,  the  days  of  VoRTiOERy, 
fresh  btxlies  of  Saxons,  under  \'arioua  chiefs, 
came  pouring  into  Britain.  One  body,  con- 
quering the  Britons  in  the  East,  and  settling 
tliere,  called  their  kingdom  E^ex  :  another 
Wiy  settled  in  tho  West,  and  calle<l  their 
kingdom  We.ssex  ;  the  Northfolk,  or  Norfolk 
people,  establiphed  themselves  in  one  place  ; 
the  Southfolk,  or  Suffolk  people,  established 
themselves  m  another :  and  gradually  seven 
kingdoms  or  states  arose  in  England,  which 
were  called  the  Saxon  Heptarchy.  The  poor 
Britons,  falling  back  before  these  crow(!s  ol 
fighting  men,  whom  they  had  innocently  in- 
vited over  na  friends,  retti*ed  into  Wales  and 
the  adjacent  country,  into  Devonshire,  and 
into  Cornwall.  Those  parts  of  England  long 
remained  uuconquered.  And,  in  Cornwall 
now — where  the  eea-coast  is  very  glooni}', 
steep,  and  rugged — where,  in  the  dark  winter- 
time, ships  have  been  often  wrecked  close  to 
the  loud,  au<l  every  soul  on  boortl  has  pertKhed 
—where  the  wiuds  and  waves  howl  drearily, 
and  .split  the  solid  rocks  into  arches  and 
caverns — there  are  very  ancient  ruins,  which 
the  pople  call  the  nuns  of  KtMo  ARTBirR*8 
Cnstle. 

Kent  is  the  most  famous  of  the  seven 
Snxou  kingtJoms,  because  the  Christian 
religion  was  preached  to  the  Saxons  there 
(who  domineered  over  the  Britons  too  much, 
to  care  for  what  tftej/  said  about  their 
religion,  or  anything  else)  by  AcocsTiJOt,  a 
monk  from  Rome.  Kijro  Ethjslhert  of  Kent 
was  soon  converted  ;  and  the  moment  he  said 
he  was  a  Christian,  his  courtiers  all  said  tA(fff 
were  Christians ;  after  which,  ten  thou.sand 
of  his  subjects  said  they  were  C'hristians  i^M, 
AuausTiyE  built  a  little  church,  close  to  this 
king's  palace,  on  the  grouTid  now  occiqiied  by 
the  beautifid  cathe<lral  of  C:mterbun', 
Sebert,  the  king's  nephew,  bnilt  on  a  mndcly 
manshy  place  near  London,  where  there  had 
been  a  temple  to  Apollo,  a  church  de<h"cated 
to  Saint  Peter,  which  is  now  Westminster 
Ahlnpy.  And,  in  Loudon  itself,  on  the  foun- 
dation of  a  temple  to  Diana,  he  buHt  another, 
little  church,  whicli  has  risen  up,  isince 
old  time,  to  be  Saint  Paul's, 

After  tlie  death  of  Ethelbert,  Edwi^t, 


626 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


of  Northumbrian  who  v/na  such  a  |»o<k1  tinjj; 
that  it  WAS  aaid  a  womun  or  chQd  might 
Ofieiily  carrj  a  purse  of  colti,  in  his  reign, 
without  fenr,  allowed  his  ehikl  to  be  baptised, 

aiui  ht^ld  a  <::•     '  '  ^  i.|f*r  whether 

he  and  Wxu  pr  lirisliaDA  or 

not.  It  wxL<  ...,.,...i  v.i.k;  Liu  V  should  be. 
Com,  ttie  cMef  priest  of  the  old  reh^on, 
mode  n  great  speech  on  the  occasion.  In  this 
discoui-sc,  he  told  the  people  thut  he  had  found 
out  the  old  goda  to  be  impostors.     "  1  am 

?uite  satlstied  of  it,"  he  said.  '^'  Look  at  me  I 
have  oeen  serving  theni  all  my  life,  and  thoy 
lufcve  done  nothing  for  me  ;  whereas,  if  they 
Ii:u.l  been  reidly  powerful,  they  could  not  have 
ddcently  done  less,  in  return  for  all  I  have 
done  l<jr  them,  than  make  my  fortune.  A» 
they  have  never  made  my  fortune,  I  am  quite 
convinced  they  are  irapostora  ! "  When  this 
singnlar  piiest  had  titii^hed  Bpeitkking:,  he 
hastily  armed  himself  with  sword  juid  mnce, 
mounted  a  war-horse,  rode  at  a  furious  gallop 
ill  sight  of  all  the  fjeople  to  the  temple,  and 
flung  his  lance  againat  it  ich  an  inBuit.  From 
that  time,  the  ChriBtian  Religion  8f>read  itseb 
among  the  Saxons,  and  became  their  faith. 

The  next  very  famouii  prince  waa  Eqbkrt. 
He  live^l  about  a  hundred  aJid  fifty  years 
aflertvarils,  and  claimed  to  have  a  lietter  right 
to  the  throne  of  Wesaex  th:ui  Beortric, 
another  Saxon  prince  who  was  at  the  head 
of  that  kingdom,  and  who  m.in'ie*!  Edboroa, 
the  thuighter  of  Offa,  king  of  another  of  the 
seven  kingdoms.  This  Queen  Eduuroa  was 
a  Imudsome  mui'dereas,  wbo  poisoned  people 
when  tliey  olfended  her.  One  day,  she  mixe<l 
a  cup  of  p>i80Tk  for  a  certain  noble  belonging 
to  ttie  court ;  but,  her  husband  drank  of  it 
too,  by  mistake,  and  died.  Upon  thia,  the 
peojde  rose  in  great  crowds,  and  running  to 
tbe  ]»alace,  and  thundering  at  the  gates,  cned, 
''  Down  with  tlie  wicked  queeu,  who  poisons 
men  !  "  They  drove  her  out  of  the  country, 
and  abolished  the  title  bIic  had  disgraced. 
Wlien  years  hail  passed  away,  some  travellers 
catne  nome  irom  Italv,  and  said  that  in  the 
town  of  Pavia  they  had  seen  a  ragged  beggar- 
womiu],  who  hail  onoe  been  handsome,  l>ut 
was  then  shrivelled,  bent,  and  yellow, 
wandering  about  the  Btreets,  crying  for  bread  -, 
and  t  h.it  thia  beggar-woman  was  the  poisoning 
English  queen.  It  w^aa,  indeed,  Edduboa  ;  and 
so  she  died — without  a  shelter  for  her  wi'etched 
head. 

EoBEBT,  not  con&ideriBg  himself  safe  in 
England,  in  consequence  of  his  having  claimed 
the  crown  of  Weasei  (for,  he  thought  his  rival 
might  taJce  liim  prisoner  and  put  him  to 
death),  sought  refup;e  at  the  court  of  Chable- 
MAQNE,  King  of  Fi-ance.  On  the  death  of 
Bkortrkt,  so  unhappily  poisoned  by  mistake, 
he  came  back  to  Britain  ;  succeecled  to  the 
throne  of  Wessex ;  conquer^  some  of  the 
other  monarchs  of  the  seven  kingtloma  ;  added 
their  territories  to  his  owu  ;  and,  for  the  firat 
time,  called  the  country  over  which  he  ruled, 
£agiand. 


And  now,  new  cnem.iea  arose,  who,  Cbr  a 
loiig  time^  troubled  England  sorely.      Th<»f^ 
were  the  Northmen,  tlie  people  of  P 
and  Norway,  whom  the  Englisli  c^t' 
Danes.     They  were  a  wtwrlike  p-   '^  nt 

home  upon  tJie  sea,  not  Christian  i  ring 

and  crueL      Tliey   csime   ov* '  ^.^ 

Cndered    and     burned     -• 
ded.     Once,  they  beat  i 
Once,  Egbert  l>eat  them.     But,  they  careii  no 
more  for  being  beaten  than  the  English  tbem- 
aelvea.     In  the  four  following  ahoi-t  rea^na,  of 
EthKLWulf,  and  his  three  sons,  KTm5r^fiAi.D, 
£Tfl£LfiEAT,  and  Ethered,  they  cam 
over  and  over  again,  burning  and  plri 
and  laying  Eni^land  waste.     In  the  kisi-ninti- 
tioued  reign,  they  Bei2ed  Ei>iiCS«o,    K.ui|t  of 
East    England,   and   bound    him   to    a   tr-- 
Then,  the^*  proposed  to  him  that  h«  ah- 
change   his  religion  ;    but  he,   LtjiiiL-    n    . 
Chj-ii*ti an,  steadily  refused-     Uj* 
lieat  h\m,  made  cowardly  jestd  u 
defenceless  as  he  w  as,  ^ot  arruw^i   »!»   L . 
and,  finally,  struck  off  his  henrl     Tt  h   ;    , 
possible  to  s;iy  whose  head  tho^  .  v  o 

struck  off  neit,  but  for  the  dv  \  ^ 

ETiDtaED,  from  a  wound  he  hn  i  r 

fighting  ag^nst  them,  and  the 
ilia  throne  of  the  bei*t  and  wis«i»*.    iviu^  vh-j*t 
evei-  lived  in  England. 

Alfred  the  Great  wa»  a  young    mnn^ 
three-and-tweuty    years    of   age,    whet)    ha 
became  king,    Twiee  in  his  childhood,  he  hail 
been  taken  to  Rome,  where  the  Siuton   no^ 
were  in  the  habit  of  going,  on  journeys  wli    t , 
they  supposed  to  bereUgious;  and,  oncf .  bci 
had  stayed  for  some  time  in  Paris.     Lcn  n i  ui  ', 
however,  was  so  little  cared  for,  then,  that  a4j 
twelve  years  old,  he  had  not  been  taujt^ht   l^\ 
read;  although,  of  the  four  sons  of  Ivjx  i 
WDLFf  he,  the  youngest,  was  the  favoiu 
he  hflud,  as  most  men  who  grow  up  to  b 
and  gtx>d  are  generally  found  to  nave  hm 
excellent  mother;  and,  one  day,  this 
whoee  name  was  Osburgiia,  happtued,  jta 
waa  sitting  amon^  her  somt,  to  rejul  a  bool 
Saxon  poetry.     The  art  of  printing  wais  u< 
known  until  long  and  long  after  that  periodJ 
and  the  Iwok^  which  was  written^  was  i   * 
is  called  "  illumiimted,"  with  beautiful  bi 
lettei-a,  richly  painted.    The  brothers  adi 
it  very  much,  their  mother  saitl,  "  I  wili 
it  to  tliat   oue  of  you  four  princes  who 
learns  to  read.^'     AutUEa  scMi^ht  out  a  <  utorj 
that  very  day,  applied  himnelf  to  learn  witKJ 
great  diligence,  and  soon  won  the  book.     H^l 
was  proud  of  it,  all  his  life. 

This  great  king,  in  the  first  year  of  hi» 
reign,  fought  nine  battles  with  the  Dajiesa, 
He  made  some  treaties  with   them  too,  hy 
which  the  false  Danes  swore  xhni  they  U'<  luhj 
quit  the  country.     Th*  '    "        *>risider 

that  they  had  taken  ath,  in 

swearing  this  upon   (I  's   that 

tiiey  wore,  and  which  v  "d  with 

them  when  they  died ;  u.-..  -.   .    .....jI  little 

for  it,  for  tliey  thought  nothing  of  breaking 


ChkrlM  Difl:(at,J 


A  CHILD'S  HISTORY  OF  ENGLAND 


oaths  mill  trtsties  too,  as  booh  m  it  suited 
thcur  piirpcMe^  and  coining  back  aeainto  tight, 
plttndei\  and  bum,  9a  usual  One  utal  winter, 
ID  the  foarth  y«ar  of  Ki3tQ  Alfred's  mgn^ 
they  jmrettd  themselvea  in  great  nnmbera  over 
the  wnole  of  England  ;  and  ao  diftpen^eil  and 
muted  the  king'a  sohilera  that  the  king  mm 
M\  alone,  and  was  oltliged  to  disguise  hinwelf 
as  A  corurnou  peasant,  and  to  take  refuge  in  the 
cottn^^c  of  one  of  his  cowherda  who  did  noi 
know  his  face. 

Here,  Kino  Au'RED,  while  the  Dasea  BonfA^ 
him  far  And  wide,  was  left  alone,  cum  day,  bY 
the  CDwherd'fi  wil'e^  to  watch  Mme  cakes  whi<ui 
alie  put  to  bake  upon  the  hearth.  Bat,  being 
at  work  upon  his  ckjw and  arrows,  with  which 
he  hoped  to  piiniah  the  false  DaneB  when  a 
brighter  time  should  come^  and  thinking 
deeply  of  his  poor  imhappy  aubjecta  whom 
they  chaaed  thi-ough  the  land,  his  noble  mind 
forgot  the  eakee,  and  they  were  burnt 
**  Vviiat  ! "  said  the  cowherd's  wife,  who 
ik'olded  him  well  when  she  came  back,  and 
little  thought  she  was  scolding  the  king, 
**  You  will  be  ready  enough  to  eat  them 
bY-nnd-by,  and  yet  you  oaimot  watch  them, 
viUlQ  dog  I " 

At  length,  the  DevonBhire  men  rose  against 
a  new  host  of  Danes  who  landed  on  their 
coaj^t,;  killed  their  cJuef,  aiod  captured  tbeir 
dng,  on  which  was  represented  the  Ukaiie«  of 
rt  Iviiven — a  verr  fit  oird  for  a  thieviah  army 
Like  t  Imt,  1  think.  The  haas  of  their  staadard 
troubled  the  Daneai  ffr«tly,  for,  they  believed 
it  to  be  ejichantad;  woven  by  the  three 
daughters  of  one  £ither  in  a  single  afternoon — 
and  had  a  story  among  themselves  that  when 
they  were  Tiotorioas  in  battle^  the  Raven 
fftretched  his  wings  and  seemed  to  fly ;  and 
that  when  they  were  defeated,  he  would 
dj>aop.  He  had  good  reason  to  droops  now,  if 
he  CO  till  i  have  done  anything  half  so  aenaibie  ; 
for,  KtNO  AuTBED  joined  the  Devoiiahire  men, 
tnade  a  camp  with  them  on  a  piece  of  firm 
grotitid  ill  the  midst  of  a  bog  in  Somersetshire, 
and  prepared  to  make  a  great  attemjjt  for 
vengrunce  on  the  Danes,  and  the  deUverance 
of  hia  oppressed  people. 

But,  hrsty  as  it  waa  important  to  know  how 
nnmerous  these  pestilent  Danes  wer6,andhow 
they  were  fofrtified,  Kise  Altuxd,  being  a 
good  musician,  diaguised  himself  as  a  gleeman 
or  minstrel^  and  went,  with  hia  harp,  to  the 
Danish  camp.  He  played  and  Biing  in  the 
very  teut  of  Gurunuu  the  Danish  leader,  and 
entertained  the  Danes  as  they  caroused. 
While  he  seemed  to  think  of  nothing  but  his 
music,  he  was  watchfid  of  their  tents,  their 
anus,  their  discipline,  everything  that  he 
desired  to  know.  And  right  soon  did  thia 
great  King  entertain  them  to  a  very  different 
tune  ;  for,  summoning  all  hi^  true'  foUoweri 
to  meet  him  at  an   appointed  place,  where 

th^"   ' 'vi?d  him  with  joyful  abouta  and 

''  *  monarch  whom  many  of  them 

li  '  -  :.  .ip  for  loet  or  dead,  he  put  himself 
at  tiicir  head,  marched  on  the  Danish  eamp^ 


UHi 

.  in 


defeated  the  Danes  with  great  slanj;i:htor,  tmd 

besflieged  them  for  fuUi'teen  days  tn  pnvuut 

their  escape.     But,  being  as  t 

was  good  and  brave,  he  then,  h 

them,  proposed  peace  ;  on  eon*] 

sluMaJd  altogether  depart  frotii 

psrt  of  England,  and  settle  in 

that  GuTHEUM  should  become 

remembrwi''"  f^C  ^h^  Divine 

now  tan gl I  neror,  the  oobJ 

to  forgive  II  who  had  ao  ofiL'i  i 

him.    This,  (jiuTUHtu  did.    At  hb  baptism. 

Keho    Alfred    was    his    cfudfather.      Ana 

GuTHninc  was  an  honourable  chief  who  well 

deserved  that  demency  ;  lor  ever,  afterwards, 

he  waa  loyal  and  faithful  to  the  King.     The 

Danes  under  him  were  faithful  too.     They 

f»luDdered  and  bur|^  no  more,  but  worked 
ike  honest  men.  They  ploughed,  and  aowed, 
and  reaped,  and  led  good,  honest,  Engliah 
lives.  And  I  hope  the  children  of  Ulost 
Danes  played,  many  a  tims^  with  Saxon  chil- 
dren in  the  sunny  fields ;  and  thnt  Dunitth 
youn^  men  fell  in  love  with  Saxon  girh,  and 
married  them ;  and  that  Engliah  travv:llera, 
benighted  at  the  doors  of  Dauisl)  cottages, 
often  went  in  for  shelter  until  moruiitg ; 
and  that  Danes  and  Saxons  sat  by  the  reii 
fire,  friends,  talking  of  Kixq  Alfekd  tum 
GajsAT. 

All  the  Danes  were  not  like  these  under 
GuTHRUM ;  for,  after  some  years,  more  of 
them  came  over,  in  the  old  plundering;  and 
burning  way — among  thcui  a  fierce  pirate 
of  the  name  of  HABmsros,  who  had  the  bold- 
ness to  sail  up  the  Thames  to  Gravesend, 
with  eighty  shifis.  For  thie'e  years,  there  was 
war  with  these  Danes;  and  there  waa  a 
fiunine  in  the  country,  too.  and  a  plague,  both 
upon  human  creatures  and  beasts.  But,  Kiso 
Alyrfj),  whose  mighty  heart  never  failed  him, 
built  large  ships  nevertheless,  with  which  to 
panne  the  pirates  on  the  isea ;  and  eneourojn^ed 
his  soldiers^  bj  his  brave  example,  to  tight 
valiantly  against  them  on  the  shore.  At  hi^t, 
he  drove  them  all  away  ;  and  then  there  waa 
repose  in  England. 

As  great  and  good  in  peace,  as  he  wis 
great  and  good  in  war,  Ktno  AiiHiED  never 
rested  firom  his  labors  to  improve  hia  people. 
He  loved  to  talk  with  clever  men,  and  with 
travellere  from  foreign  countries,  and  to 
write  down  what  ttiey  told  him,  for  hm 
Diople  to  read.  He  had  studied  L&tin  alter 
learning  to  read  English  ;  and,  now,  another 
of  hia  labors  was,  to  translate  LaIiu  books  into 
the  English -Saxon  tongue,  that  his  people 
might  be  interested,  and  improved  by  their 
contents.  He  made  just  laws,  that  they 
might  live  more  happily  and  freely  ;  he 
turned  awav  all  partial  judges,  that  no  wrong 
might  be  clone  them ;  he  waa  so  careful  of 
their  property,  and  punished  robbers  so  se- 
v^-  !■  *>Tt  it  was  a  common  thing  to  say 
I  ibe  grvat  KijiG  Alfred,  garlands  of 

^^ — :.i  and  jewels  might  have  hung  across 

the  streets,  and  no  man  would  have  touched 


I 


5S8 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


one.  He  founded  Bcbools ;  he  patiently  hear<) 
causes  himself  in  his  court  of  Justice ;  and  the 
j^reat  deau'e*4  of  hia  heArt  were,  to  do  i-ight  to 
all  hia  suV^jects,  and  to  leave  England  better, 
wifter,  happier  in  ull  ways,  than  hft  found  it. 
Hifl  industry  in  these  cfForta  was  quite  aston- 
iflhing.  Every  day  he  di\'ided  into  certain 
portions,  and  in  each  jx>rtion  devottd  himself 
to  a  certain  pursuit.  That  he  might  divide 
hia  time  exactly,  he  had  wax  torches  or 
candles  made,  which  were  all  of  the  same 
size,  were  notched  across  at  regular  distances, 
and  were  always  kept  burning.  Thus,  as  the 
canilles  burnt  doviTi,  lie  divided  the  day  into 
notches,  almost  hb  accuraUdy  as  we  now 
divide  it  into  hours  upon  the  clock.  But, 
when  the  cantDea  were  first  invented,  it  wa5 
found  that  the  wind  and  draughts  of  air, 
blo^ving  into  the  palace  through  the  doors 
and  wuidows,  and  through  the  chinks  in  the 
walls,  caused  them  to  gutter  and  bum  un- 
efpially.  To  prevent  this,  the  king  had  them 
put  into  cases  formed  of  wood  and  white 
nom.  And  these  were  the  first  Ian  thorns  ever 
made  in  England, 

All  this  time,  he  was  afflicted  with  a  ter- 
rible unknown  disease,  which  caused  him 
violent  and  fre<^uent  f>aln  that  nothing  could 
relieve.  He  bore  it,  as  he  had  iMme  all  the 
troubles  of  liis  life,  like  a  bi'ave,  good  man, 
until  he  was  fifty-three  years  old  ;  and  then, 
having  reigned  thirty  yeai's,  he  diecl.  He 
ilied  in  the  year  nine  hundred  and  one  ;  but, 
long  ago  as  that  is,  hh  fame,  and  the  love  and 
gratitude  with  which  hia  subjects  regarded 
him,  are  freshly  remembered  to  the  pi'esent 
hour. 

lu  the  next  reign,  which  was  the  reign  of 
Edward,  sumamed  Tee  EiLDEr^  who  was 
chosen  in  council  to  succeed,  a  nephew  of 
Kjso  Aured  troulded  the  countiy  by  trying 
to  obtain  the  throne.  The  Danes  in  the  East 
of  England,  took  part  with  this  usurper 
(perhaps  l>ecauBe  they  had  honored  his  uncle 
so  much,  and  honored  him  far  his  uncle's 
wdce),  and  there  Wiis  hard  fighting ;  but, 
the  king,  with  the  assistance  of  his  sister, 
gained  the  day,  and  reigned  in  peace  for 
four  and  twenty  years.  He  gradiially  ex- 
tended his  power  over  the  whole  of  Enghmd, 
and  so  the  Seven  Kingdoms  were  united  into 
one. 

When  England  thus  became  one  kingdoro, 
rided  over  by  one  Saxon  aovereign,  the  Saxons 
had  been  settled  in  the  country  more  than 
fonr  hundred  and  fifty  years.  Great  cbaugea 
had  taken  [dace  in  its  customs  during  that 
time.  The  Saxons  were  still  greedy  eaters  and 
great  drinkers,  and  their  feasts  were  often 
of  a  noisj^  and  drunken  kind  ;  but,  many  new 
comforts  and  even  elegancies  of  life  had 
become  known,  and  were  fast  increasing. 
Hangings  for  the  walls  of  rooms,  where,  in 
tliese  modeiTi  days,  we  pnste  up  paper,  are 
known  to  have  been  sometimes  made  of  silk, 
ornamented  with  birds  and  jflowers  in  needle- 
work.     Tublea  imd   chairs    were    curiously 


C4irved  in  different  wood* :  were  som&times 
decorated  with  gold  or  silvei^—Homt*  tiroes 
even  made  of  those  precious  metals.  KLnivwn 
and  spoons  wt^e  used  at  table  ;  golden  om*- 
ments  were  worn,  with  silk  afid  doth,  and 
golden  tissues  and  embroideritrii ;  dishes  w^re 
made  of  gold  and  silver,  brass  an«l  bone. 
There  were  varieties  of  drinking-horua^  bed- 
steads, raufiical  iostnmientei.  A  hn.rp  wia 
passed  round,  at  a  feast,  like  the  drinking* 
Dowl,  from  guest  to  guest,  and  each  one 
u.«iually  sang  or  played  when  his  turn  came. 
The  weapons  of  tne  Siixons  were  stoutly  uiiule, 
and  among  them  was  a  terrible  irun  bamiiier 
that  gave  deadly  blows,  and  waa  long 
remembered.  The  Saxons  themselves  H'cre 
a  haiuisome  people.  TIio  men  were  proud  of 
their  long  fair  hair,  parte<l  on  th*»  r<.i.>..H.i  ; 
their  ample  beards,  their  fresh  -  ;, 

and  clear   eyes.     The   beauty  of  m>u 

women  filled  all  England  with  a  new  delist 
and  grace. 

I  have  more  to  tell  of  the  Saxons  yet,  but  I 
stop  to  say  this,  now,  because,  und^r  tii<e  Great 
Ai*rBED,ttlHhebesti>ointBoft1  ''  "  u-Saxoii 
diaracter  were  finat  eneouj:i  ui   liim 

firat  abotra.  It  la  the  guMi-^L  tijaracter 
imiong  the  nations  of  the  earth.  Wherever 
the  descenthmts  of  the  Saxon  race  have  goue, 
have  sailed,  or  otherwise  made  thejp  ^way, 
even  to  the  remotest  regions  of  the  world,  thcv 
have  been  patient,  perBevering,  never  to  \>q 
broken  in  spirit,  never  to  Ije  turned  aside 
from  enterprises  on  which  they  have  resolvtyL 
In  Europe,  Asia,  Africa,  America,  the  whol^ 
world  over  ;  in  the  desert,  in  the  forest,  on  the 
sea ;  sc45rchod  by  a  burning  sun,  or  frozen  by  hn^ 
that  never  melts ;  the  Saxon  blood  reniama 
nui changed.  Wheresoever  that  race  goes,  there, 
law,  and  industry,  and  safety  for  lim  and  pro* 
perty,  and  all  the  great  results  of  steady  per* 
severance,  arc  certain  to  arise. 

I  pause  to  think,  with  admiration  of  the 
noble  king  who,  in  his  single  person,  poaseeseN:) 
all   the   Saxon   virtues.      Wnom   misfortiu,. 
co\il<l  not  subdue,  whom  prosperity  coidd  n.  *. 
Kpoil,  whose  persi^verance  nothing  could  shake. 
Who  was  boj>eful  in  defeat,  and  generous  in 
success.   Wl»o  I ovedjufltice, freedom, truth,  and 
knowledge.     Who,  in  his  tmre  to  instruct  hia 
people,  probably  did  more  to  preserve  the  beau* 
tiful  old  Saxon  langiuige,  than  I  can  imagine. 
Without  whom,  the  Engiiah  tongue,  in  wliicl* 
I  tell  his  story,  might  have  wante<i  bfilf  tta 
meaning.     As  it  is  s;ud  that  his  aph-it  still  in. 
spires  some  of  our  best  English  laws,  so,  let 
you  and  I  pray  that   it   may  animate   our 
English  heartfl,  at  least  to  tfds — ^to  resolve, 
when  we  see  any  of  our  fellow-creatures  Jeft 
in  ignorance,  that  we  will  do  our  best,  while 
life  is  in  us,  to  luive  thorn  taught ;  and  to  toll 
those  rulers  whose  duty  it  is  to  teach  them, 
Mid  who  neglect  their  duty,  that  thny  have 
profited  very  little  by  al !  •  ^" •  >  <  ^ '  ^  1 1  < !  ■ ;    ■  ■  ^ vq 
rolled  away  since  the  y  id 

one,  and  are  far  behind  t  .  ,jf 

KrNo  Alfred  the  Great, 


PiAltah«d«t  tbi  OAmi, IfOi  Uk  WcUaftaa  Sutet  Tioetk,  Stnad.   PviuUil  bf  Buai^bv  41  ■*»•,  W1rif«MBi%  1 


Famiiiar  m  their  Mouths  m  HOUSEHOLD  WORDSr 


— 4lBA.Kuri4u. 


HOUSEHOLD    WORDS. 

A   WEEKLY   JOTTONAL. 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


JS^  490 


SATUBDAY,  MAECH  1,  1851* 


l?mcE2d. 


TEN  MI&IUTES  WITH  HER  MAJESTY. 

Ib  divnlffiiig  tlie  detaila  of  a  bigbly  ^i^- 
tiiiffaisbed  noDOurf  we  are  not,  we  hope 
and  believe,  oommitting  &ny  breach  of  con- 
fidence. A  desire  to  g^^tify  the  pardonable 
cnrioaity  of  our  readers,  in  common  with 
ftll  ckfises  of  the  community,  resoecting  the 
penon  of  onr  admired  and  beloved  Sovereign, 
will  not,  we  feel  aure,  be  conftrueti  harahly. 
We  are,  indeed,  incapable  of  rudely  bursting 
the  golden  bonds  of  Etiquette  that  doth  hedge 
throneL 

To  guard  acainat  the  imputation  of  boast- 
ig  of  a  higher  privilege  than  that  really 
[tended  to  us,  we  think  it  right  to  men- 
at  once,  that  the  buaineaa  which  took 
US  into  the  presence  of  the  "  Highest  per^ 
sonage  in  the  Eealm,'^  was  not  of  a  private 
nature. 
The  memorable  morning  was  a  bright  one 
February — the  fourth  of  the  month.  The 
:y  waa  cloudless  ;  a  brilliant  aim  gave  to  it 
lat  cheering  character  which — from  the  good 
>rtune  Her  M^^ty  experieucea  whenever 
ahe  travels,  or  appears  publicly — ^haa  paased 
into  A  proverb,  as  "  The  Queen's  Weather." 
_The  conveyance  in  which  we  were  approach- 
ig  the  palace — ^that  of  Westminster — was 
jddenly  stopped  at  Charing  Ci-oas.  A  great 
crowd  had  collected  between  that  point  and 
OUT  destination.  A  long  ^ueue  of  carriages 
^-<of  which  our  Hansom  formed  the  last  jomt 
— had  been  brought  to  a  stand ;  and  when, 
after  a  time,  we  were  permitted  to  move  on, 
we  perceived  that  not  only  the  streets,  but  the 
fronte  of  the  houses^  wer«  thickly  lined. 
Individuals  of  every  age,  nze,  and  condition, 
occupied  the  pavcmenta.  The  houaea  were 
decorated  with  a  bright  variegation  of  lovely 
fece«,  prettily  £ramed  in  bewitching  bonnets. 
EvMy  window  waa  filled ;  every  balci>ny 
crowded  ;  even  the  roofd  of  the  public  offices 
were  tenanted-  Head  over  head  appeared  on 
the  steps  of  dooi^a  ;  the  owners  of  apple-stalls, 
fitting  them  up  as  temporary  standing-places, 
realised  small  fortunes  ;  and,  on  grades  oi 
Mte  protected  by  crimson  awnings,  and 
iNnlt  over  areas,  reclined  the  beauty  and 
cMvahy  of  eichteen  hundred  and  fiftv-one ; 
i-eodling  the  days  of  the  "  Tilt-yard;' 'whos* 
site  they  actually  overlooked.  'I'he  standing 
anny  of  spectators  gave  the  docile  Life-Guards 


TQL    tt. 


and    patient   policemen    but    little    trouble 
to  keep  the  carriage>road  clear ;    for  th^y 
passed  the  time  pieaMoitly  in  viewing  the 
procession  of  ladies  and  great  officers  of  Mate 
who  were  alowly  drawn  along  on  the  ^ame 
errand  aa  ourselves* 

The  stopping  of  a  hackney  cabriolet  at  the 
entrance  of  that  portion  of  Her    '^i   ^    '-*5 
Palace  of  Westminster  which   h  ^ 

the  deliberationa  of  the  second  esL...  ...c 

realm  in  Parliament  assembled,  is  nut  cakui- 
lated  to  produce  such  solemn  impresBiona 
upon  the  attendant  ix>lic8  and  maratkU*  lUtn, 
as  when  emblazons  panels  are  drawn  up, 
under  the  auspices  of  a  Court  coachman  and  a 
full-bottomed  wig.  On  alighting,  therefore,  tlie 
only  mark  of  attention  we  received,  was  from 
an  official ;  who,  with  the  anxious  look  of  omq 
who  thinks  he  lias  encountered  an  intruder, 
demanded  a  sight  of  our  credeiitiah*.  One 
glance  at  the  Bignature  of  the  Lord  High 
Chamberlain,  in  the  comer  of  our  card  suf- 
ficed to  dispel  his  anxiety ;  and,  with  a  bland 
smile  of  welcome,  he  waved  his  truncheon 
towaidd  the  staircase  it  was  necessary  for  un 
to  mount — the  same  which,  at  no  distant 
period  of  time,  was  to  be  pressed  by  the 
feet  of  Boyalty.  In  expectation  of  that 
event,  more  loyid  subjects  lineii  the  avenues, 
and  stood  on  the  stairs.  In  &ct,  from  thv 
drawing-room  door  of  Buckingham  Palace,  to 
the  foot  of  the  throne  in  the  House  of  ijorda, 
an  unbroken  lane  of  human  beings  ranged 
themselves  to  behold  the  Queen. 

No  one  who  enters  the  House  of  Lords  for 
the  first  time  can  sunpress  an  emotion.  As 
an  aaseanblage  of  floria  ornament,  tig  a  speci- 
men of  gorgeous  decoration,  this  chtmibt^r  ia, 
perhaps,  unsurpassed  in  the  wurld ;  but 
whether  the  emotion  be  that  of  sober 
reverence  for  the  high  functions  performed  in 
il,  or  such  a  flash  of  mental  exhilaration  n.^ 
ia  called  un  by  the  fimt  view  of  a  surpriainj^ly 
gaudy  ball-room,  it  is  not  necessaiy  to  in- 
quire. It  must  be  owned,  however,  that  a 
ceiling  blazing  with  gold,  a  base  of  burning 
j  red,  a  throne  of  burnished  bnvss,  ana 
I  galleries  enamelled  with  coloured  maatiix, 
can  scarcely  be  consonant  with,  or  expreaaivi' 
of  the  important  interests  gravely  discussed 
by  the  Peers  of  Great  Britain.  Yet,  at 
the  performance  of  a  state  ceremony,  when 
the  whole  houae  ia  aorrendered  to  the  Court 


1 


luid  to  tbe  fair  sex,  the  Bcene  ia  not  inhAr- 

moniouB. 

Wten  we  entered,  the  Peereues*  gallery  wim 
onteii&ated  ;  but  a  group  of  privileged  ladies, 
in  full  dress,  hikd  alrmdy  iflsemBled  u})on 
the  K-ick  benches  on  each  side  of  the  flocir. 
Both  groups  werw  fast  augmented  by  freali 
arriva&,  who  were  ushered  into  seftta  by 
cooilnatureil  ludividuaLB,  in  black  silka  and 
bra83  ba<3|i5*es.  ITie  honest,  fiimiliar  pleasantry 
of  the  most  active  of  the^e  ushers  would  have 
afltoniahed  those  irho  associate  Co  arts  with 
oothjng  but  stately  formality.  To  one  bevy 
of  beautieai  he  emilingly  observes,  "  Ah ! 
you  're  on  the  Peek's'  benches — that  will  never 
do.  ThiM  wiiy,  if  yon  pleaae  I ''  And  the 
hwiies  flutter  after  him  to  a  back  aeat. 
**  WiU  you  ait  a  Uttle  closer,  if  you  pleiue  1 " 
he  asks  of  several  other  Ladies^  regardle&s  of 
the  amplitude  of  brocades  and  the  probable 
crufihin^  of  satina.  Frigid  formality — for 
wliich  the  vulgar  invariably  give  the  ariatt> 
eracy  credit — ia  not  to  be  met  with  even  in  the 
House  of  Lords,  on  the  openicg  of  Parliament : 
a  buzz  of  conversation  eommeuces ;  above 
which  riaes,  now  and  then,  the  music  of  a 
merry  laugh.  Presently  a  few  peers,  in  their 
red  and  ermined  robes,  drop  in  ;  then  an 
ambassador  or  two  ;  an<l  conversation  be- 
comes genei*al.  As  the  appointed  hour  ap- 
proaches, the  House  fills;— the  Peeresses* gal- 
lery is  soon  fully  occupied. 

The  picture  of  a  peeress,  present  to  the  ima- 
ginations of  the  million,  ia  that  of  a  tall  lady, 
■*ith  a  long  train,  a  diamond  stomacher,  and 
jewelled  hair  glistening  nuder  an  arch  of 
ostrich  feathers,  Tliat  is  an  Old  School  por- 
trait. It  is  all  altered  now.  Only  one  arching 
plume  could  we  espy ;  not  a  single  train  ;  a 
display  of  precious  stones  far  from  over- 
whelming ; — an  array  of  costume,  in  short,  ot 
which  the  hackneyed  epithet,  "an  eL^ant 
simplicity,*'  is  the  true  expression.  "WHien 
you  look  round  on  an  ordinary  assemblage  of 
ladies  of  middle  rank  at  an  evening  party, 
you  will  see  the  same  general  appeai*ance  as 
that  which  is  presented  in  the  Peeresses* 
gidlery,  and  in  the  body  of  the  House,  on  the 
opening  of  Parliament. 

The  hands  of  the  clock  move  on.  Bishops, 
lay  Peers,  Judges,  AmbaasadoFS  converse 
in  knots,  on  the  vacant  spaces  around  the 
throne,  the  woolsack,  and  the  clerks*  table, 
and  the  hum  of  gossip  grows  louder  and 
lotider.  "  There,"  to  borrow  a  sentence — not 
unworthy  of  a  footman — ^from  De  Foe,  "  you 
see  blue  and  green  ribbons  sitting  [and 
standing]  ikmiliarly,  and  talking  with  the 
emue  freedom  as  if  they  had  left  their  (^u:dity 
and  degrees  of  distance  at  home."  It  is  a  huge 
conwrMuione,  The  even  tenor  of  the  buzz, 
reverberating  from  evep'  comer,  is  only  in- 
terrupted by  the  clanking  of  the  spurs  and 
accoutrements  of  the  military  lords  and  the 
officers  of  the  guard.  The  good-tempered 
little  gentleman  in  black  threads  his  way 
npon  9ie  floor  of  the  House  with  increased 


alacrity.    More  visitors  and  leas  room  ! 
in  treaties  to  his  fair  charges  to   econoi 
sittings  are   redoubled-     At  lenv'tli    li.-   h 
found  the  last  visitor  a  scttt,  an 
are  turned  towards   the   clock  ;- 
have  passed  the  figure  "  11." 

A  alight  but  Budden  lull  denotes  tbat  cX' 
perienoed  ears  have  heard   the   boouiijug  of"! 
distant  cannon.   Her  Majesty  lias  starterl  frcoa 
Buckingham  Palace ;   and  her  approach 
grtuiuatly  heralded   to  us  by  the    deadi 
sound  of    succesaive   salutes.      Con^ 
ceases,  and  a  great  fluttering  ensues, 
peer  finds  his  allotted  place.  The  I>ord 
Derlain,  the  State   Officers,   the    Grentlsnuir 
at  Arms,  and  other  ofBdals,  retire  into 
Priuoe^s  chamber,  through  doors  ou  each  sids^i 
of  the  throne,  to  receive  their  mistress. 

Now,  there  is  not  a  sound.  So  sudden  aod 
dead  a  silence  in  so  dense  a  crowd— nioe- 
tenths  of  which  (may  they  forgive  tis  far 
adding  !)  are  women — excites  mirprLss.  A 
pattering  noise  comes  from  out  -  ^  ^^  emit 
tanllv  be  rain,  for  the  sun  floods  fier 

with  liis  light  through  the  livid  c^....iv^...*uioea 
and  parti-nued  figures  of  the  glass  kings  mmI 
queens.  Guess  again  t — Hail,  peHiapst  O; 
no : — so  great  ia  the  stillness  within,  thnt 
what  you  hear  from  without  are  the  wbeols 
of  passing  vehicles  grinding  their  gritty 
on  the  gravel.  The  grinding  inci^easee, 
then  suddenly  stops.  You  think  you 
tinguish  a  cheer,  muffled  by  the  thick 
The  Queen  is  alighting. 

During  a  very  few  minutes  all   eyes 
turned  towards  the  little  door  on  the  right 
side   of  the   throne.      Silently,   without    tb« 
fiilntest  note  of  pceparation,  it  opens.     Two 
heralds  appear  ;  then  two  more ;    then   (Jbtti 
Lord  Chamberlain  ;  and  next,  the  Queen  jAidLi 
Prince  Albert,  attended  by  the  Mistre«ts  oCJ 
the  Eobes,  and  the  great  OflScers  of  State  i] 
including  the  Lord  Chancellor  and  the  13iiktt^ 
of  Wellington. 

Every  being  in  the  House  rises.  The  Queou 
— ^her  hand  in  that  of  Prince  Albert — ^mountd 
the  steps  of  the  throne,  her  tnun  borne  by  txiro 
pages,  and  spread  over  the  b.aek  of  the  stiit« 
chair  bpr  the  Duchess  of  Sutherlxuid.  She  si  t«  • 
then  tme»',  and,  with  gracefid  gesture,  Im  i 
the  assembly  to  be  seated.  The  Prijj^c 
reclines  in  the  arm-cliair  on  the  left  side  ot\ 
the  throne. 

The  pause  which  ensues  while  the  Usher  of 
the  Bhbck  Rod  departs  to  summon  the  "  Fmth- 
ful  Commons,"  would  he  painful,  wisre  we  not 
occupied  in  tiiking  a  sun^ey  of  the  maguiiicent 
spectacle  as  it  is  now  arranged.  The  Quei^n, 
richly,  tastefully,  and  not  gaudily  robed — her 
head-dress  a  tiani  of  diamonds,  formed  lilw  a 
mural  crown — addresses  a  few  pleasant  whis« 
pel's  to  the  attt?ndant  Duchess.  The  Prince  ia 
not  within  speaking  distance  of  his  consort, 
and  surveys  the  Hou.*ie  io  the  glittering 
uniform  and  jack -boots  of  a  Field -^arshaC 
The  Duke  of  Wtllmgton  holds  erect  th»i 
sword  of  states  on  one  8id«  of  the  Queen  ;  qb 


:s 


nrs 


CtuWiM  BttEkncI 


TEN  MmUTES  WITH  HER  MAJESTY. 


i531 


the  other,  the  Marquis  of  Wincheiter  displays 
the  Cap  of  MjunteciaDce,  and  beside  him, 
upon  the  extended  arms  of  tlie  Marquis  ol 
Xttusdownef  rest  the  cushion  and  the  mrcfwn. 

The  sensation  of  beantj  communicated 
thitnigh  the  eye  when  it  drinks  in  an  endleas 
rsriety  and  exquisite  groapiD^  of  colour^  is 
lat  which  predoniinatea,  on  TJewing  the  scene 
the  mass,  from  abo7e.  Below,  two  larg« 
patches  of  spectators,  arrajed  in  every  tint  and 
texture  of  female  attire,  are  fringed  by  the  red 
>bes  of  the  lay  peera  on  the  bottom  benches, 
dd  tapered  off  on  one  side  by  the  lawn 
sleeves  of  the  bishops ;  while,  in  the  Peeresses' 
sallery,  similar  hues  are  repeated'— from  the 
Bhbck  silk  of  the  mourner  to  the  white  satin  of 
the  bride.  Ou  the  right  of  the  throne,  in  the 
,,  Ambassadors*  box.  Is  a  more  compact  kal^ido- 
EBoope  of  colours.  The  red  Fez  cap  of  the 
,  Turkish  euvoy^  and  the  eky-blue  uniform  of 
the  Joi*ei^n  Mmiater  of  one  of  the  Northern 
CourtSf  tell  out  oonspicuonsly  from  the  rest, 
Chuxisite,  on  the  left  of  the  throue,  a  group 
«t  Life-Guards  and  Gentlemen-ftt^Arms  make 
^  goi^^jus  display  of  scarlet  and  gokL  The 
Judi^  of  the  laud,  packed  together  on  the 
woolanck  under  their  powdered  wigs,  look  like 
Ift  blooming  bed  of  cauliflowers. 
L  The  almost  painful  silence  of  this  gorgeonn 
atill-life  is  suddenly  and  rudely  broken  by 
disorderly  sounds,  like  thoee  which  follow 
le  opening  of  the  pit  door  of  a  theatre,  or 
diich  precede  the  imtteriug  in  of  a  house  at 
riot.  The  Speaker  of  the  Hoikw  of  Com- 
Vions,  answers  the  summons  of  his  Li^e  lad? 
the  Queen,  as  if  be  were  a  schoolmaster  witn 
a  mob  of  uiunanxierly  boys  at  his  heels ;  and  is 
propelled  to  the  bar  of  the  House  with  the 
frantic  fear  of  being  knocked  down  and  ti-ara- 
ple«i  upon  by  the  rush  of  M.  P's,  A  transient 
cloud  passes  over  the  Royal  countenance ; 
but  it  is  rapidly  suticeetle*!  by  a  prolanged 
Buiil(5  at  the  ludicrous  efforts  of  a  couple  of 
hiuidi^d  of  her  eager  Commons  to  squeeze 
theajselves  into  a  quace  only  ample  enough  for 
A  hundred.  The  account  of  a  suHerer  in  the 
•cramble  is  amusing : — "  I  happened,*'  said  Mr, 
Joseph  Hume,  in  his  place  in  l^liament 
on  the  foUuwiug  evening,  "  to  be  the  twenty- 
fifth  from  the  Speaker  ;  but  both  sides  of  the 
pbar  were  so  filled,  that  I  neither  saw  the 
leen,  nor  heard  her  Toioe.  I  was  knocked 
a  comer;  my  head  was  knocked 
It  a  post,  and  I  might  have  been  much 
jured,  it  a  stout  meml^r,  to  whom  I  felt 
much  obUged,  had  not  come  to  my  sssiatanoe. 
(Hear,  hear,  and  laughter).  It  was  no  laughing 
matter."  Mr.  Hume  recollected,  moreover, 
that  on  a  similar  occasion,  the  coat  of  a  member 
of  the  House  who  now  fills  a  high  office 
abroad,  had  been  torn,  and  tlmt  his  shoulder 
wws  dislocated. 

^  Before  the  hubbub  at  the  bar  has  quite  sub- 
sided, the  Lord  Chancellor,  kneeling  on  a  step 
ue,  presenta  to  the  Queen  the  roanu- 
'-  16  speech.    Its  appearance  is  that  of 

a  yicm  of  muaic^  so  imBkiimllT  stitched  with 


ribbon  to  a  cover*  tliat  the  rvyul  rwider  iu 
mure  than  once  interrupted  by  a  dilhculty  in 
turmog  oyer  the  leaves.  At  the  words,  "  My 
LonlB  and  Gentlemen,''  increased  effcirts  aty> 
made  at  the  bar  towards  silence.  The  Queen 
pauses  for  an  instant ;  but  wlieji  she  resumes, 
not  a  sotmd  is  heard  but  her  voice. 

In  her  clear,  freah,  distinct  tones,  Qneeu 
Victoria  expresses  her  satisfaction  at  again 
meeting  her  IWliament,  She  continues  to 
maintain  relatiooa  of  peace  and  amity  with 
Foremn  Powers.    She  is  much  gi  t 

the  (xermaai  Confederation  and  i: 
ment  of  Benmark  ara  putting  an  t  uii  to 
hostilities  which  threatened  tite  Peace  of 
Europe,  and  that  the  Govemment  of  Brssil 
has  taken  new  and  elfictent  menaimn,  to 
abolish  the  "  atrocious  "  traffic  in  slaves.  Hie 
"Gentlemen  of  the  House  of  Commons"  are 
assured,  as  usual,  that  the  Estimates  of  the 
coming  year  have  been  framed  with  a  di» 
regard  to  economy,  and  to  the  neoesuties  of 
the  public  service,  "  My  Lords  and  Gentle 
men  '  are  again  addressed  in  terms  of  satis- 
faction at  the  prosperity  of  the  couutn*, 
with  the  exception  of  the  owners  and  occu- 
piers of  land ;  but  a  hope  is  expreaMKl  that 
the  prosperous  condition  of  aU  other  classes 
will  eventually  diminish  even  their  difBcnltles. 

Here  there  is  a  short  pause.  And  the 
following  sentences  are  read  with  a  slight 
elevation  of  tone  : — 

"The  recent  assumption  of  cert^  oocle«iAatical 
titles  conferred  by  a  foreign  power,  hss  excited 
atixmg  feetingi  iu  thifl  country,  and  Istge  bodies 
of  my  subjects  have  presented  addresaos  to  me, 
expressing  sttsehment  to  the  Throno,  and  pniyiog 
that  such  sssumptioas  should  bo  reoiBted  I  have 
assured  thran  of  my  resolution  to  maintsln  the 
rights  of  my  Crown,  and  the  independence 
of  the  nationj  sgninst  sll  eDCcoochmeut,  from 
whatever  qusrtor  it  may  proceed.  I  have,  at  the 
Bome  time,  expressed  mv  earnest  aud  firm  deter^ 
mination,  under  God's  blessing  to  maintain  unim- 
paired, the  religious  hlierty  which  is  bo  juatly 
prized  by  the  people  of  this  country." 

After  announcing  meaanres  for  the  better 
administration  of  justice,  and  for  thti  registry 
of  deeds,  the  peroration  closes  the  political 
brief  The  cover  is  folded  over ;  and  the 
manuscript  handed  to  the  Lord  Chancellor. 

The  elocution  of  the  speech  was  perfect. 
Nature  has  combined  in  Queen  yictoria*fl 
voioe,  sweetness,  youthfulne^  and  fulness ; 
and  Art  has  taught  her  to  deliver  it  with 
exceeding  parity  of  tone,  and  without  the 
smsJieat  eiSbrt.  Every  syllable,  therefore, 
entered  every  sound  pair  of  ears  in  the  House ; 
except  those  pkced^  unhappily  like  Mr. 
Joseph  Hume,  more  than  twenty-five  removes 
from  the  Speaker — not  of  the  speech — ^but  ot 
the  House  of  Commons. 

The  music  of  the  last  words  has  scarcely 
pa^ed  into  silenoe  before  the  Queen  rises,  and 
bo  WB  to  the  spectators  ;  who,  also,  rise  in  a  body. 
Prince  Albert  hands  her  from  the  throne,  and 
the  sliort  procession  retires  into  the  Fruioe's 


^ 


533 


HOUSEHOLD  WOBDa 


clDimber  in  the  same  order  a&  it  entered. 
Tliifl  ends  the  ceremony,  which  has  laateil 
bat  very  little  over  ten  minntea.  In  five 
minutes  more  the  Houoe  of  Lorda  ia  left  to 
the  8ole  occupation  of  the  dapper  gentlemen 
in  black. 

We  have  heard  a  great  deal  of  the  powers 
of  the  Press,  and  have  experienced  the  won- 
dcra  of  the  electric  telegrraph  j  but  those  who 
htul  the  privilege  of  spending  ten  minutes 
with  Her  Majesty,  in  openine  Parliament, 
muRt  have  been  a  little  Btartled  on  reaching 
Whitehall,  to  be  offered  an  evening  newa- 
paper  containing  the  Queen^a  speech  ;  the  last 
sentence  of  which  from  the  Queen's  lips  had 
hardly  died  on  the  ear.  Wonder,  too,  would 
be  increaaed  by  the  recollection  that  although 
the  Reporters'  gallery  was  filled,  not  one  of 
the  Gentlemen  of  the  Press  had  taicen  a  note. 
By  what  mamc  then,  could  the  speech  have 
been  so  quickly  printed  ? 

Everybody  knows  that  the  "  Queen's  Sjieecli*' 
does  not  deserve  its  name.  It  is  not  the 
Queen^s ;  nor  ife  it  a  speech. ; — it  is  a  docupient. 
The  First  Minister  sketches  it,  subsequent 
Cabinet  Councils  retluce  it  to  shape,  ana  it  is 
then  submitted  to  Her  Majesty.  Wh»;n 
returned  with  her  approval,  the  speech  is 
divulged  (at  a  ministerial  dinner)  to  the  non- 
cabinet  members  of  the  aduiinistratiou  Thus 
the  mere  topics  of  the  manifesto  ooze  out  at 
theCliil>8  the  night,  before  the  Speecli  is  spoken. 
But  it  is  the  actual  text  which  the  public  is 
eager  for ;  and,  that  no  time  nmy  be  lost, 
emJBgajiea  from  tlie  Loudon  eveuiug  papers 
Ap|)ear  at  the  Treasury  about  tht;  time  Her 
ilajeaty  is  preparing  her  ti>Uette,  at  Bvick- 
inghnm  Palace,  for  the  ceremony.  The 
moment  the  ftmt  gnu  announceii  that  the 
procession  is  in  motion,  the  evening  paper 
envoys  are  obliged  wth  copies  of  the  docu- 
meut ;  and  before  the  Queen  has  done  speaking 
in  the  House  her  wortls  lu-e  in  type. 

Fonnerly  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Press  were 
locked  in  a  room  in  the  Treasury  till  the 
coring  was  on  its  way  back.  Some  years 
ftgo  an  escape  was  made  from  this  official 
durance,  which  caused  some  amnsement.  The 
editor  of  the  Government  paper  in  Dublin  wa« 
most  anxious  to  start  for  Liverpool  by  one 
o'clock,  to  catch  the  pivcket  for  Dublin,  The 
Speech  was  handed  some  time  before  that 
hour,  and  the  key  was  turned  as  usual,  Pre- 
simtly,  however,  tlie  clerks  and  messtmgere 
were  alarmed  by  frantic  cries  of  "  Fire ! " 
They  opened  the  door — the  room  was  filled 
with  smoke.  llie  editor,  in  the  confusion, 
made  his  escape,  lea\'ing  the  frightened  clerks 
to  extinguish  the  h.'Lrmleas  aheet  of  brown 
paper  he  had  intentionally  ignited. 

We,  of  the  present  day,  improve  on  the 
Irish  Editor's  plan.  His  was  a  fire  escape ; 
ours  are  lightning  conductors.  It  is  at  sucn  a 
time  as  this,  that  the  wonders  of  the  Electric 
Telegraph  become  startlingly  apparent.  The 
City  of  Edinburgh  is  about  four  hundred  miles 
from  Buckingham  Palace.    While  the  Slate 


proceBsioD.  is  wending  ita  alow  way 
Westminster,  the  wire*  areeharged ;  aDi 
vellous  ikct ! — at  the  same  moment  tlif 
Majesty  is  aJighting  at  the  steps  of  the 
Hail,  several  of  her  lieges  m  the  i 
eapital,  are  beginning  to  read  her 
which  has  taken  no  more  than  fifteen 
to  transmit.  She  dines  at  Windsor; 
before  the  banquet  is  over,  the  text, 
it  literatim^  of  what  she  harl  uttered  at  a 
quarter  past  two,  has  reached  Dublin.  Before 
uie  royal  fiuuily  has  retired  to  rest,  the 
Speech  is  in  every  principal  town  in  Ibii 
Kingdom.  In  theae  cases' there  had  been 
no  anticipation^  for  the  Bpeech  waa  read  o€ 
at  the  London  Telegraph  ^Station  fnnsi  \ 
evening  papers. 


A  DARK  SUSPICION. 

"Take  steam,  Capt'en?"  cried  a  cli 
voice  from  the  hurricane  deck  of  a  huge 
boat,  with  two  funnels;  which — with  a  ' 
ship  under  each  arm,  and  a  bri|r  and 
schooner  astern — was  majestically  walk-io^' 
past  our  little  schooner,  up  the  broad  current 
of  the  Mississippi. 

"  What  11  you  do  it  for,  from  here  ? 
turned  our  old  man,  jx^king  his  head  up  thi 
companion-way.    The  hoarse,  heav)' 
of  the  steamer's  engines  ceased  for  a  . 
as  she  stopped  abreast  >f  us, 

"  Five  and  twenty  dollars." 

« No  r* 

"  Go  on  ahead  !  " — and  away  moved 
steamer  with  her  traiu,  looming  for  a  minul 
through  the  uioniiog  mist  like  a  great 
We,  in  the  little  schooner,  were  left  hi 
in  the  swell  she  made,  against  the  bi 
of  trees,  snags,  and  driit^  that  bordei 
river's  bank,  where  we  were  lyin^  with 
other  mooring  tlmn  a  single  rope,  Sust   rouni 
the  trunk  of  a  tree  ashore.     We  had  been 
week  from  the   Belize,   trying   to    sail 
against  the  current  ;  and  had  not  yet  reacin  _, 
'*  English  Turn,"  a  bend  in  the  river  ;  wher^ 
ODce     upon    a     time,     "  Britishers  '^     wero^ 
obliged  to  turn  back  alx)ut  lialf  way  to  New 
Orleans.     The  wind  was  again  unfavouraH^, 
80   we  were  eventually  compelled    to    t    ] 
steam  at  the  price  demanded  ;  and,  under  r . , 
a'lBpices  of  one  of  the  numerous  tuga  c-    i 
tinually  panting  past,  we  were  soon  steaiiiij, 
and     rapidly    shortening    the     distaaoe     to 
Orleans,      The  banks  of  the  river,  as    we 
passed,   presented  nothLng  veir  stnkiDg    in 
the  way  of  scenery;  here  ana  there  same 
pretty  houses,  in  the  midst  of  plant  ^-  -     - 
neai^r  the  mouth  the  shore  was  mtn  > 
The  tug  steam-boats  atti^act  mo>* 
Instead  of  two  steftmere  to  one    ii  i' 
may  see  almost  any  day  at  the  N  «t  ,  ^ 
up  the  river,  or  clawing  round  the  Forelan* 
— ^you  observe  five,  six,  ami  even  seven  vesaelftj 
to  one  steamer ;  and  she  steaming  handsomely 
against  a  current  seldom  flowing   less  UhuIi 
four  miles  an  hour. 


In  dae  time  we  arrived,  and  moored  the 
schoooer  to  the  Leyee,  as  the  arti£cially- 
i«ised  quay  on  the  river^s  bank  is  caUed. 
Here  mj  connection  with  the  little  achooner 
ended  ;  and,  taking  what  dollars  were  due  to 
me,  exchanged  her  fok'stle  for  a  home  at  a 
boarding-houikj,  ou  the  Lev^,  where  they  give 
three  meals  a  day,  and  a  little  room^  for  three 
doUan  a  week.  New  OrleanA,  at  this  time — 
■ome  aix  years  a^o—was  the  aoene  of  m  much 
debauchery  and  ^aeipation — to  say  nothing  of 
woFM  Crimea  that  are  not  included  in  the 
tint  theae  two  headings  eomprise— as  any  city 
of  ita  flize  in  the  world.  My  observation 
was  certmnly  confined  to  cbiases  not  the 
wealthiest  or  most  respectable ;  but  that 
they  reflected,  witli  increased  or  diminished 
▼imdneaa,  the  vices  of  the  higher  portion  of 
the  community^  the  histoxy  of  New  Orleans 
teUs  phmily. 

To  see  in  every  house  that  I  entered  a  pack 
of  cords  in  use,  and  a  carouse  in  proffreas ;  to 
hear,  every  morning,  of  four,  or  perhaps  five 
bodies  found  dead  in  bye^treets;  and  to 
be  without  a  home  or  a  triend,  except  what 
my  boarding-house  affordetl,  waa  my  lot ;  as 
every  day  I  walked  from  one  end  of  the  Levee 
to  another,  looking  at  the  shipiB,  and  listeninff 
to  the  cheerful  songs  of  the  men  at  work,  and 
longing  for  a  home  with  them. 

X  luM  paid  my  last  week's  board,  and  had 

i'oat  twenty-five  cents  left  in  the  world^  when 
[  turned  out  after  breakfast  for  my  usual 
walk. — **  Shall  I  have  a  cigar  or  no  1  I  pon- 
dered while  passing  my  usual  place  for  that 
indulgence.  "  Yea,  I  will  -^  something  will 
turn  up  to-day,  I  feel  sure ;"  so  I  invested 
a  portion  of  my  last  coin  ;  and  walked  along, 
puffing  with  as  niiicli  satisfaction  and  com* 
placencvas  if  I  had  ow^ed  a  tobacco  plantation. 

**  Hallo  !  Where  did  you  spring  from  i  '* 
roared  a  voice,  suddenly  startling  my  medi* 
tations. 

I  looked  up , — before  I  had  time  to  answer, 
my  hand  was  seized  by  a  man  whoae  face 
seemed  Cuniliar  to  me^  though  I  could  not^  for 
the  life  of  me,  tell  where  I  had  seen  it. 

**  Beckon  you  don't  know  me— eh  l "  added 
the  stranger,  observing  the  look  of  doubtful 
recognition  I  glanced  at  him.  **Know«o«4, 
though — you  look  just  the  same — ^may  be  a 
little  better,  in  a  straw  hat  and  blue  frock, 
than  you  used  in  your  gold  band  and  buttons, 
aboard  the  ^  Jumna  *  Indiaman.** 

*•  Why,  bless  my  soul,  it 's  Myers  !  " 

**  Guess  it  is — ^what^s  left  of  him,  least- 
waya.  And  what  are  yon  doing  here  in  this 
rig,  if  I  ma^  make  so  bold  ?  *' 

"  Whv,  I  *m  loooking  for  a  ship,  Myers." 

"Well,  be  darned  if  this  don*t  beat 
aU !  Come  in  hero,  and  have  something  to 
drink — ^yea,  you  must.  Well  by  gracious  !  " 
continued  he,  lugging  me  along ;  "  I've  seen 
some  queer  starts  since  I  was  young  gentle- 
iren*9  ateward  in  the  old  *  Jumu%*  out  this 
baati  eterything  by  chalks," 

We  required  sundry  glasses  of  bottled  beer 


to  wash  away  enough  of  my  friend  Myers*  as- 
tonishment and  delight,  to  permit  hlui  to 
talk  rationally ;  and  then  I  ascertained  that 
he  was  captain's  steward  of  a  ressel  called  the 
"Bohemian,"*  on  board  of  which  there  was 
not  a  soul  besides  the  captain  and  himself. 
She  was  lyiu^  at  the  opposite  bank  of  the 
river,  at  "  Algiersj"  preparatory  to  going  into 
dry  dock  for  repairs. 

*'  He 's  a  first-rate  sort  of  old  man,*'  con- 
tinued Myers ;  "  and  there 's  a  capiUd  ohance 
for  you  if  you  like ;  for  he 's  lookin*  out 
for  a  ahipkeeper — so  say  the  word,  and  I  '11 
be  off  ana  s]>eQik  to  him  at  once." 

"  I  am  very  mxich  obliged  to  you,  I  said.** 

"  Stop  here  till  I  come  back,  cried  Myetv, 
running  olf  ^  and  in  half  an  hour  in  he  came 
again,  out  of  breath.  "It's  aU  right  —  I 
was  iust  in  time ;  you  can  come  ab^uvl  to- 
day, he  says— the  regular  port  wages— <ftnd 
all  youVe  got  to  db  is  to  order  yourself 
about." 

I  shook  Myers  by  the  hand,  and  thanked 
him  cordifdly  for  what  was  the  greatest 
service  anjr  one  could  have  then  done  ma 

"  But  1  can*t  understand  how  it  is  you  *re 
here  in  tlua  fashion,"  continued  he ;  *^  a  young 
eeotlemaa  as  used  to  sport  gold  lace,  ain't  no 
buainesB  to  be  rigged  out  in  tarpaulin." 

"Why,  you  see,  Myers — ^to  make  a  long 
story  short  —  I  found  that  wearing  a  fine 
jacket  would  never  teach  me  to  be  a  good 
sailor ;  so  I  thought  I  had  better  begin  at  the 
right  end  of  the  ship  at  once  ;  and,  after  a  con- 
siderable deal  of  knocking  about,  1  got  into  a 
Yankee  craft,  and  was  diacharged  only  the 
other  day." 

••  Well,  I  believe  you  are  just  about  right, 
sir.  Flashing  about  in  them  buttons  ain't 
the  way  to  make  a  navigator  ;  and  they  pays 
pretty  dear  for  it,  too,  I  reckon !  ** 

"  Now  then,  Myen^  we  will  go  on  board  the 
*  Bohemian,"  if  you  are  raadjr/ 

On  our  way  across  the  nver  to  Alg^era^  in 
the  little  lerry-steamer  that  is  continually 
plying,  Myers  told  me  the  histon*  of  his 
wanderings  since  we  had  been  shipmates — 
when  I  was  one  of  tiie  inmates  of  the  so-called 
midshipman's  berth  of  the  **  Jumna"  East 
Indiaman,  and  he  was  our  steward — ^but  there 
was  nothing  in  it  beyond  the  usual  ups  and 
downs  of  a  sailor's  life. 

The  Algiers  side  of  the  river  is  devoted 
entirely  to  yards  and  workshops,  where  every- 
thing connected  with  the  fitting  and  repairing 
of  snips  and  their  rigging  is  carried  on. 
Through  this  labyrinth  of  half-made  masts, 
ropes,  chains,  and  old  boats,  we  made  our  way; 
and  at  length  arrived  opposite  an  old  vessel, 
with  her  topmasts  struck,  that  was  lyrng 
grinding  rustdy  ajgmnst  the  quay. 

"Here  we  are,  said  Myers, steppim'  serosa 
the  gangway -board.     Following  U  I 

mj-self  on    the    deck   of  the    "  i 
She  was  an   old  craft ;    the  seams    of    her 
narrow  planks  were  ^ping  with  age,  and 
the    paint    on    her    side     was    musty    and 


£34 


HOUSEHOLD  WOfiDa 


-i-ncked.  The  cabins  were  in  the  same  con- 
ii'J  jd,  with  the  exception  of  one  which  U&o 
*:i{)Um  had  rendered  habitable  for  his  ooca- 
ftiunal  us«.  Shortly  after  our  arrival,  he  came 
on  board. 

»t  Oli  j — Yott  *re  the  man  Myers  spoke 
about — the  shipkeeper  ? " 

*'Ye«,air," 

"  Very  well.  There  ian  H  much  for  you  to 
do  at  present ;  you  'd  better  make  yourseU  as 
comfortable  as  you  can." 

And  away  he  went  below  ;  and  down  I 
went  too,  to  examine  whai  aort  of  a  place  I 
had  to  do  so  ill.  On  descending  the  "  Bohe- 
mian's "  fok'stle-ladder,  the  prospect  would  not 
have  pi*tsent€<i  ii*elf  to  a  buid^iian  ha  augur- 
ing much  comfort,  even  had  he  conceived  it 
haoi table.  Perhaps  the  difference  of  a  emlor's 
habits^  OiT  the  force  of  necessity,  mode  me 
view  it  more  favourably.  It  waa  lai-ge,  and 
ha<l  six  bunks  on  each  side,  roomy  enough  to 
carry  double;  it  was  tolerably  clean,  and 
did  not  show  any  tracea  of  Icakace ;  so, 
upon  the  whole,  1  was  tolerably  well  satia- 
fied.  Some  of  the  bunks  were  filled  with 
blocks,  and  coils  of  rope,  and  gear  of  all 
kinds ;  and,  having  cleared  out  one,  which 
seemed,  from  its  jxisition,  to  receive  more 
light  than  the  others  from  the  little  scuttle,  I 
arranged  my  bed  in  it  as  comfortably  as  I 
could,  and  returned  on  deck. 

The  "^old  man"  waa  pacing  his  quarter- 
deck, smoking  a  cigar,  and  awaiting  dinner, 
which  Myers  was  buisy  cooking  in  the  caboose 
on  deck  ;  whence,  every  now  and  then,  he 
popped  his  head,  gliatemng  with  wai-mth,  to 
exchange  a  word  or  a  joke  with  me.  One 
leek  a  sort  of  guilty  consciousness — at  least  I 
always  do — when  doing  nothing  in  the  pre- 
aence  of  an  employer,  even  aJtliough  there  is 
ubiftulutely  nothing  to  do.  Everything  waa 
too  far  gone  to  be  mended  in  any  way,  except 
by  flomethiDg  new :  so  I  aat  on  the  wind- 
maSf  and  stared  in  desperation  at  the  *'o1d 
man,'*  every  time  he  turned  his  back  in  hia 
walk. 

"  Here,^'  said  he,  at  lajst,  perhaps  divining 
my  thoughts. 

"SirT* 

**You  may  put  the  eignal-flags  to  rights, 
if  you  like ;  you  '11  find  'em  all  in  the  caltin  ; 
and  Myers  will  get  you  what  bunting  and 
thread  you  want.'" 

I  felt  really  glad  to  have  something  to  do  ; 
BO  I  went  about  my  new  task  immedlutely. 

"  Of  course  you  understand  you  are  always 
to  aleep  on  board  i "  added  the  captain,  as 
I  paas^  with  a  bundle  of  flags  I  had  ju^t 
brought  up  under  my  arm. 

I  replied  in  the  affirmative  ;  and,  sitting 
in  a  comer,  busied  myself  about  ray  work. 
Nothing  occujTed  durin^^  the  day  to  inter- 
fere with  my  quiet  duties  ;  nor  did  there 
seem  much  chance  of  any  inten-uption  to 
our  way  of  life.  Mycra  and  I  had  our 
chals,  and  the  captain  his  dinner,  as  reguhirlv 
aa  possible.     Sometimea  he  would  remain  all 


day  and  all  night,  and  Hometimee  oiilj  ome 
hour  out  of  the  twenty -four. 

I  felt  lonely  enough  my  fintt  night  in  Uie 
old  barque.  I  had  one  sliort  piece  of 
for  my  nightly  allowance ;  and,  when 
hml  left  me  for  the  after-part  of 
which  was  mider  his  charge,  I  trtmi 
and  fixed  it  firmly  in  my  bottl 
preparatory  to  Imving  a  read  and  a  stnol 
in  tumbling  over  the  things  in  the  ~ 
had  found,  among  other  things^,  some  paget  of 
"  Letters  of  Lord' Byron."  This  was  too  grai 
a  prize  in  the  present  state  of  aiTitira  lor  cm 
to  trouble  myself  how  they  got  there.  Ai 
last,  after  a  long  rea«l,  I  fell  aaieep.  Once  I 
woke  with  the  okl  ship's  horah  gratins;  ac;aiMt 
the  quay,  ae  a  puaing  steamer  ro^Led  ber. 
Then  there  were  rats  nunmaging  ajoioii^  tka 
blocka  and  ropes  in  the  V  '  ^ 
One  ran  across  my  face.  I' 
a  footetep,  I  fancied,  on  tlu  .w  .*.»  i^x^„^,i,^ 
the  empty  ship  re-echo.  1  jumped  up  th« 
ladder,  and  looked  round ;  but  there  was 
notliing  ^Tflible  in  the  quiet  mooubght. 
I  turned  in  and  dos^ ;  but  a  soiuk 
Doifie^  as  if  some  one  had  faUen  in  the 
again  startled  me.  I  felt  certain  aomo 
was  moving  about  in  the  ship,  and  waa 
getting  up  and  rouauig  Myers,  when  X 
my  shoes  dragged  aisroas  the  deck  by 
and  another  hullabaloo  among  the  blc 
head  ;  so  I  put  everything  down  to  tl 
fell  aaleejp  at  last.  The  next  morning  X.( 
Myers  if  he  had  heard  anything  T  He' 
he,  too,  had  fancied  he  'd  heard  a  noLae  ii 
nighL  However,  we  both  accused  tha 
and  thought  nothing  more  of  it 

The  after-part  of  the  ship,  which  waa 
tioned  off  into  cabina,  and  the  midship 
the  between-decks  were  divided  by  a  buJ 
through  which   there  waa  a  commui 
by  means  of  two  doors,  now  gen« 
unlocked.    TliLs  intermediate  space 
the  eabms  and  the  bulkh^.'ul,  cdled  the 
age,  waa  umid  as  an  iiidiscriminate  sort 
repontory.    Here,  of  an  evening,  I  pat 
flaga  away  when  1  had  done  work. 

X>ay  after  day  paaaed  in  the  same 
aa  the  first;  except  that  the  captAin 
sometimes  not  in  uie  best  of  humouni, 
could  hear  by  hia  rating  Myers,  though 
seldom  said  anything  to  me.  Myers  him^ 
tielf,  too,  of  a  morning,  waa  sometimes  iu  m. 
tremendous  way,  for  he  discovered  tlie  lotss 
of  sundry  eatables  fiom  the  galley,  which 
disappeared  in  a  mysterious  manner  in  t] 
night.  I  heaid  noiee^^,  too,  at  times  in  t' 
night ;  but  bad  become  too  much  acci 
toiaed  to  them  to  take  any  more  notic 
having  once  with  Myers  had,  as  we 
ceived,  a  thorough  overhaul  of  the  ship 
consequence.  I  beerime  accustomed  to 
solitary  occupation  of  the  fok'stle»  and 
to  lay  in  daybreak  and  watch  the  rata,  ' 
liBten  to  the  criea  of  some  poor  slave  bei 
flogged  ashore  ;  which  latter  waa  not  at 
an    un£requent    occurrence.      One    day  tl 


BITS  OF  LIFE  IN  MUNICH. 


d35 


► 


'^  old  man  "  came  on  boaitl  m  a  worse  bumour 
tiijLU  UBaai> — Mvera  hftd  lik  ftljaLre  of  abuae 
first ;  and  then,  to  my  astouishiDent,  h«  com- 
znencc>d  upon  me. 

'*  \V7iat !  ain't  those  flags  fimshed  yet  t 
If  they  *d  boen  aaythiiig  good  to  eat^  th«y  *d 
have  lieen  done  long  before  thia,  I  gxiesB  !  " 

**  I  Ve  not  been  hun-ying  about  them,  sir/* 
I  rvjoiiied,  rc«pectfulij. 

**  lio  it  appears  ;'*  added  he  sharply.  '*  Come, 
now ;  just  bring  Vm  up  here,  ana  let's  see 
what  viii  \,^  'lone.*' 

I  %  V  to  the  steerage  at  onoe,  and 

brouv  •  bundle. 

**  Well  •*  where  'b  the  rart  of  them  ? "  aaid 
the  captain,  after  looking  through  and  count- 
isff  them.  "  There  ought  to  be  four  more/* 
^I  looked  them  through,  and  noticed  tliat 
some  I  remembered  working  on  were  not 
there.  So  down  I  went  again*  to  see  if  I  bad 
overlooked  them.  I  coxdd  see  no  more  below. 
I  came  and  told  the  captain.  He  was 
etridinc  up  and  down,  and  evidently  working 
himsell  into  a  piui^^iom 

"  SOj  there  ain't  any  more,  ain*t  there  1 
Now  I  can  tell  you  what  it  is,  young  fellow  j 
if  70111  think  yoo  've  got  a  fool  to  deal  with, 
you  *re  most  tarnation  miEtaken.  Myens  tella 
me  he  "a  missed  a  lot  of  things ;  and  it  a  my 
belief  them  flags  are  gone  with  the  rest.  So 
the  sooner  you  say  where  they  are,  the  better  ; 
or  elae  off  you  slope  to  the  jail  at  Orleans 
tKck.*' 

I  was,  as  may  be  suppoBed^  rather  tAken  by 
Eurprif^  at  this. 

*'  I  know  uothlng  about  the  flags,"  I  said. 

"  Oh  !  of  course  not,  I  dare  say  you  don't, 
"We  'II  see  if  we  can't  make  you  know,  though. 
Here,  Myers"— 

'*  Sir  ? " 

"<^'  Ifready  togo  over  with  me  to 

the  T,  rit  Orleans,  at  once." 

"  W  luiL  an,  sli-  f  eaid  Myers,  looking  from 
me  t<i  the  captmn  with  astoniahmeni. 

"  Why,  to  put  this  young  blackguard  in 
nriaon,''  Bjud  the  captain,  striding  up  and 
down  fui'bufily. 

"What!^  shouted  Myers.  "What!  p;it 
him  in  prison  ?  It  would  be  the  womt  piece 
of  business  you  ever  did  in  your  life.  Do  you 
think  he  'd  ste^l  flags,  or  anything  else  t    I  'U 

fo  before  the  magistrate  at  onoe ;  btit  to  swear 
e  haau*t  left  the  ship  on  any  such  errand  as 
that,  since  he  and  I  have  been  together." 

"  You  're  a  pair  of  scoundrels,"  cried  the 
oaptain,  actually  foaming  with  passion ;  "  come 
akfog  witli  you  both — now^^at  once.'* 

Accoixlingly,  Myers  and  I  prepared  to 
cross  the  river  with  the  captain,  who  was 
quite  beeiile  Mmiielf  with  rage  at  first  *  but 
soon  got  a  Uttlo  cooler.  Just  as  we  were 
about  tu  le^ive  the  ship,  two  men  came  on 
board.  They  accosted  the  captain  ;  "We  Ve 
on  the  iouk-out,  sir,"  said  one  of  them,  **  for 
A  nutaway  nigger — answers  to  the  name  of 
*Tom  •— markev*  B  on  the  left  arm— left  Mr. 
Baadon's  plantation,  five  miles  up  the  river, 


a  week  ago.  May  we  look  thixjugh  your  ship, 
sir,  as  we  hear' he  *s  been  seen  aoixiewherc 
hereabouta  1 " 

"  Oh !  yea,  of  cotn^e/*  said  our  captaio, 
stopping  his  intended  joum-ey  at  onoe. 

Lights  were  procur«?d,  and' immediately  the 
men  commenced  a  strict  search  in  every  part  of 
the  ship.  Myers  and  I  remained  on  decli.  At 
last,  after  the  lapse  of  n  quarter  of  an  hour, 
we  heard  a  great  outcry  below  ;  and  up  t^me 
our  captain,  followed  by  the  Hlave-hnntem, 
dragging  an  unfortimate  runaway  they  Ijad 
found  concealed  behind  a  water-caak  in  the 
after^part  of  the  ship  s  hold ;  and,  in  a  corner  of 
the  transom  that  it  would  not  have  seemed 
possible  for  a  hnman  l>eing  to  squeeze  himBBlf. 
The  missing  flags  were  found  thexe.  He  hid 
taken  them  for  a  bed  and  covering." 

"  Do  not  take  me  back  ;  I  shall  be  flogged 
ag?un.  Dear,  good  captain,  help  met"  said 
the  poor  wretdi,  as  he  sank  on  nia  knees  on 
the  deck,  clasping  his  arms,  and  pitifully 
appealing  to  our  captain, 

**  I  widi  I  could  help  you,"  said  our  captain  ; 
and  Myers  and  I  looked  on,  too,  now  with 
intense  interest ;  for,  heedless  of  the  poor 
fellow's  prayers,  tears,  and  cries,  he  waa 
dragged  away  by  the  men.  He  never  ceased 
appealing  to  us  and  our  captain  as  he  was 
carried  off.  Our  '*old  man'  wiped  a  sort  of 
half  tear  away  as  he  turned  to  us,  and  said, 

"  I  beg  your  pardons,  both  of  you.  Will 
you  stop  with  me  after  what  has  occurred  1 
I  am  ashamed  of  myself ;  and  if  you  can  foi^get 
it,  we  ^U  say  no  more  about  it." 

Myers  looked  at  me,  and  I  looked  at  Myen. 
Certainly,  ten  minutes  before,  I  should  have 
thought  any  one  who  had  pre<Ucted  that  I 
sbouKl  stay  that  day  in  the  "  Bohemian,"  a 
false  prophet ;  but  we  could  not  refuse,  nor 
had  we  afterwards  any  occasion  to  repent  it. 

The  poor  runaway  threw  himself  over- 
board, and  was  drowned,  on  the  way  to  the 
plantation. 

BITS  OF  LIFE  IN  MUNICH. 

THE  FAIR. 

I  woiTDER  when  there  is  not  a  fair  in 
Munich.  This,  however,  was  Die  Drei-' 
Koni^s  DvUy  or  the  Fair  of  the  Tliree 
Kings.  By  way  of  amusement,  1  thought 
I  would  go  to  it ;  but  as  I  coulil  not  very 
well  go  alone,  I  invited  Madame  Thekhi  to 
accompany  me,  with  which  she  was  very 
well  pleased,  as  I  promised  to  treat  her  to  tM 
shows.  As  fiur  as  buying  and  selHng^  and  the 
crowds  of  peaaante,'  and  townspeople,  and 
students,  and  soldiers,  go,  it  was  like  any 
other  fair.  At  a  little  distance  from  the  long 
array  of  booths,  stood  the  shows — and  thither 
we  bent  our  steps. 

The  first  thing  we  came  upon  was  a  small 
ladder-wagon,  covered  with  an  arched  awning  ; 
and,  bound  to  one  side  of  the  wagon,  were  tall 
polos,  from  which  floated  a  series  of  ghastly 
pictures — hideous    raw-heail-aud-bloody-bone 


zuouutaiu 


pictures  f    lliere  were  marciers,  executioiiB, 
I  ^  ill  Germftn  fnsblon ;  the  criminal 

I  u  a  honid  nort  of  mck,  And  his 
lita^i  bciii^  chopped  off  by  a  griiii  execu- 
tioner, with  a  sword,  whilst  a  prieafc  stood  by 
ill  Lia  long  robcsa  ;  there  were  nouses  on  fire  ; 
diowDinpi,  miraculoaa  escapes;  there  were 
toll,  juoirking  hufiaars,  and  weeping  ladies  in 
white— heroea  and  heroines  in  theae  bloody 
historiee  I 

Tlie  subjects,  the  hideous  drawings  the 
Iiaircl  outlineR,  the  goggle-eyes,  the  blood,  the 
kmveSy  the  very  Arc,  made  you  feel  sick.  A 
ecnurid4?rabl«  crowd  was  collected^  and  listened 
]i  '  iy  to  the  Bounda  of  an  organ^  to 
\  .   Tyrulians  saiig  llielr    appalling 

They  sang   in  such  clear,  sweet, 
tonea^    that    you   were  strangely 
Mournfully    sang    they,    in    a 

IS  chaunt,  of  blood,  and  crime,  and 
1  you  lelt  your  blood  creep ;  and,  by 

n  iriLMM'.'  I'ls.-iiK.iion,  your  eye»  gloated  on 

What  a  terribly  immoral  influence  must 
such  exhibitions  have  upon  such  an  unedu* 
cated  crowd  as  surrounded  these  sj^rens ! 
Wliy  should  not  a  patenwl  government, 
which  jLjuardis  Uh  {wjople  from  immoral  books 
and  (lisj^ni.stin;T  newHjmpers,  not  guard  theni 
equally  from  »uch  a  disgusting  sight  and 
sound  as  this  Tyrolian  exhibition  ?  Tliese 
Tyroliaiis  sold  printed  histories  of  the  fearful 
crimtsg  aud  ealajiiitiea  which  were  depicted  on 
their  batmci-a.  llieae  histories  are  very  ex- 
citing and  romantic  reading,  aa  you  may 
believe  when  X  give  some  of  their  titles : — 
"The  Hiftt4»r>'  ^*'  the  Great  and  Terrible 
HonBter»  wlio  erUfUy  murdered  hia  Beloved, 
his  Child,  liiw  Father,  his  Mother^  hia  two 
Sistere,  and  hi»  Urother,  on  the  8tli  of  July, 
1860."  "  Heroic  Selfnaacritiee  of  a  Bohemian 
Huasar  Officer,  and  the  Punishment  of  hia 
Murderers/'  "  A  true  and  dreadful  Hbtory 
which  occurred  on  the  14th  of  March,  1850, 
in  Schopkft,  near  Milineck^  in  Bohemia." 
"  Tlie  Might  of  Mutual  Lave :  a  highly  re- 
markable event,  which  occurred  at  Tlioulon, 
in  the  year  1849."  "The  Cursed  Mill:  a 
Warning  from  Beal  U£e:*  "  The  Temptation  ; 
the  Deed  ;  the  Consequences !  " 

If  you  care  to  know  anything  of  the  style 
of  these  remarkable  productions,  I  will  give 
you  a  B^cimeiu  One  begins  thus  ; — '*  In 
Jioee-dort',  in  Hanover,  lived  the  criminal 
PettT  Ntttzer.  He  was  by  trade  a  glazier, 
his  father  having  followed  the  same  calling. 
Peter  wiw  five-and- twenty  years  old,  and  was, 
from  hia  earliest  youth,  addicted  to  every 
specnes  of  crime.  He  bad  a  sweetheart,  named 
Luoie  Braun,  a  p<:»or  girl,  &c.,  &c." 

Agsunr — ^'^Silent  sat  the  miller,  Leverm, 
in  liiti  garden  ;  thoughtfully  gazed  he  into 
f>,.,  Jisi-Mnt  v.'illey.  He  waa  acaroely  thirty 
'^  but  heavy  cares  had  bowe<i  him, 
i  him  of  his  fresh,  youthful  bloom. 
B«aide  him  »at  his  wife,  who  cast  many  an 
anxious    but     affectionate    ghmce    on    her 


husband.    How  tender  and  lovely  was  Hub 
young  wife !    The  inh&bitanta  of  the  lu  ~ 
bourhood    called     her    'The    Boae    of 
Valley/  ^*    In  this  way  begins  a  most  aw{itl 


f  conne  we  did  not  read  thf^e  Uungn  ia 
the  fair.  It  was  enough  for  ua^  there,  to 
listen  to  the  mournful  chaunt  of  the 
taineera,  till  our  blood  was  frozen 
veins.  I  took  home  with  me  theae 
printed  histories,  as  many  another 
soul  did  ;  and  now,  after  I  have 
and  been  filled  with  honn>r  and  die 
them,  I  have  put  them  away  from 
unholy  tldn|pft.  But  think  of  the  effect  tl 
will  have  m  many  a  lonely  village,  * 
winter — in  many  a  desolate  farnilioiias 
cottage — on  the  wide  plain,  or  among  the 
mountains!  These  papers  ore  productive 
of  murder  and  cnme;  of  that  one  mmj 
certain. 

The  next  wonder  that  stopped  ns  in 
fair,  was  a  little  fat  man,  who  waa  ahovtf 
awny  at  the  top    of  hia    voice,   whilst 
briskly  sharpened  a  knife  on  a  long,  rui 
board,  whidi  was  smeared  over  with  a  li 
ointment.    He  was  a  vender  of  magical  sti 
salve  I  something  in   the  fashion   of  M< 
**■  Ladies  and  gentlemen  ; "  shouted  he,  '' 
ness  my  wonderful  invention !     The  di 
knife, stick  knife, bread-knife, claspknifei, 
kmfe,    carving-knife,    shaving-knife,    (iym 
mu»er)  pen*knife,pnining-knile,  though  dt 
tliia  laiife — tkoxwh  duU  tu  this  hiije/*^ 
here  he  be^an  hacking  away  upon  the 
of  a  big  kmfe  with  a  strong  piece  of  1 
pitcher.    "  Yes,  though  duU,  dull,  dull 
knife  ! — when    subjected    to    my  w( 
salve,"  and  here  he  smeared  it  with  hifll 
ointmeot,  "*  will  cut  a  hair,  or  the 
cate  shaving  of  paper — as  it  now 
and  with  that  he  severed  paper  shayings 
if  they  had  been  nothing.    If  it  was  rea" 
the  Mme  knifo^  his  was  a  wonderful  inveiitl* 
and  beat  Mechi  hollow. 

Next,   1   had    my  fortune    told    at   tl 
different  places,   for  six  lo-eutzen,  or   t^ 
pence  each,  and  as  I  waa  promiseil  prei 
much  the  same  fortune  by  all^  I  suppose 
ought  to  believe  in  the  truth  of  it.     Tl 
foretold  me  lota  of  trouble  in  the  way  of  loi 
crosses,  £a]s«?  friends,  and  unkind  relatioi 
and  such  small  tribes  ;  but  were  equally  Ubei 
of  rich  lovers,  and  plenty  of  them,  plenty 
money^  and  a  good  husband  to  ci*own  all, 
good  children  to  be  the  propi  of  my  old  ag< 
HO  I  think  1  had,  after  all,  a  good  aixpemij 
worth. 

Next  we  came  upon  a  little  caravan,  on  tl 
steps  of  wliich  vociferated  a  most  picturesql 
Tyrolian,  in  broad-brimmed,  sugar-loafed  * 
adorned    with    chamois     hair,    and    engi 
feathers  ;  in  broad-ribbed  stockings,  and  win 
a  broad,  gaily-embroidered  band   round  h 
waist,  which  half  covered  his  chest.    He 
sured  the  crowd  below  that  there  was  not 
the  whole  of  Bavaria,  anything  half  as  int 


eUrU*  tUefcnk] 


BITS  OF  LIFE  IN  MUl^CH. 


I 


ing,  half  as  extmordmary.  half  as  Mtoundiu^,' 


adaptod  to  an  entirely  ditlereut  raode  of  ex- 
lateDce  to  otirs  ;  a  !:>eing  who  cou\d  see  in  the 
dark,  a  Ikcing  wfin  only  TiA'^eci  upon  niw  meat ! 
A  wonderftll  Albino  who  could  @[>«alc  the 
Gcrmnu  tongue ! 

Of  couiv^  we  must  see  the  Alh'mo  ;  ao  in  we 
w^t,  and  fsomo  way  or  other  I  felt  an  unusaal 
shock.  Til u re  he  sat,  in  a  black  velvet  dress 
^^  •  "'  1  with  silver,  tho  light  coming  in  from 
!  the  cai*avaji,  and  his  transparent 
c.  ..( Uj  hia  burning,  fiery  eyes,  like  car- 
buncles, his  long  waves  of  white,  ailky  hair, 
Am!  \\U  lonLf,  riirUn[>,anow-wliite,  ailky  beard, 
I  ranee  of  some  enchanted 

•  I  or  gnome  out  of  a  aub- 

teiiantiiOi  pai;u:c. 

But  I  had  not  much  time  to  lose  myself  in 
dreams  about  euchant^l  dwarfk  or  gnome©, 
for  there  was  S4)m«i:thinff  else  burning  in  tl;e 
caravan  besides  the  AlblDO^s  eyes,  and  that 
wa«  Madiune  Thekla^s  grand  silk  cloak  !  She 
had  come  out  with  me  in  all  her  grandeur  j 
and  liow,  while  we  stood  enchanted  oefore  the 
Albino,  her  fine  silk  cloak  was  singeing  at  a 
httle  iron  stove  that  stood  behind  the  door, 
j  Pfx>r  Mmlame  Thekla  !  Out  we  rushed,  and 
I      ah©  revenged  herself  by  vociferating  to  the 

E crowd  outside,  as  the  Tyrolian  had  done  just 
before,  and  by  exhibiting  her  unlucky  cloak 
in  a  sort  of  savag«  despair. 
An  hour  afterwaroa,  we  again  paaaed  the 
caravan,  and  the  TyroUan  in  the  ribbed 
stockings  wnA  again  holding  fortli  on  the  steps, 
when,  at  sight  of  us,  be  interrupted  his 
oration,  and  politely  invited  us  to  re-enter, 
juid  pomplete^//w  of  east,  our  inspection  of  the 
AJbino.  But  Madame  Thekla,  pointing  with 
stem  dignity  to  her  doak,  declined,  and 
marched  on. 

After  this  we  went  to  the  «?t/jf«/n-lx)otha, 
where  we  ate  hot-baked  im/jWn,  a  kind  of 
gofre  cake ;  and  then,  resistmg  a  wonderful 
elephant  show,  we  hastened  to  the  monkey 
theatre,  the  poor  elephant's  rival  exhibition  ; 
the  **  Gnmd  Monkey  Theatre  from  Paris,'*  in 
which  forty-two  tipes  and  poodles,  the  pro- 
perty of  M.  Le  Cerf^  would  exhibit  the  moat 
wonderful  and  artistio  fi^ts. 

We  had  to  wait  some  time  tiU  the  four 
o'clock  performance  was  over,  which  imfor- 
tanately  had  begun  before  we  arrived ;  and 
whilst  Madame  Thekla  and  I  stood  im- 
patiently waiting  in  the  cold,  up  there  came  a 
merry-laced  lad  of  about  ten,  and  began,  in 
great  glee,  to  deficrihe  to  us  the  glorious  thmca 
that  were  performed  by  those  "<iear  little 
monkeys  and  dogs."  He  was  quits  eloquent 
in  his  debgbt ;  and,  "  Oh ! "  said  he,  **  if  t  had 
but  another  Mchstr  (twopenny-piece),  wouldn't 
I  see  it  a^ia  !  "  "  There  is  another  seehier^ 
then  ! "  said  I,  and  put  one  into  his  fat  Uttle 
hand.  What  an  astonished,  bright,  &ce  looked 
up  into  mine ;  atul  he  seised  my  hand  in  both 


hh,  and  shook  it  almost  olf. 
run  up  the  steps  f'^**  '  ■  V  ' 
again  to  us,  and  k* 

si bie,  talking  all  tli_  —  , -^  ,  ,— ,._ .,.,,.; 

for  joy. 

"You  've  quit^  bewitched  thnt  little  t>llr>w/* 
said  Madame  Thekla;  and  1 
bewitched  rdl  thu  lilllt!  huti*  in 
a    strangely-myfeterious    power,    ihev    \^ei*e 
drawn  towards  lis  in  crowils,  from  idl  bands — 
'     '       '!owB  in  blouses,  little  fellou  'I** 

I  brown  surtouts,  Uttle  fc  1 1 
i.v--,iMiiK<i,  and,  in  Eughuid,  almo^: 
buttonetl-up  suits — ^and  all  crept  b; 
wai\ls  us !  Oh  J  the  wonderful  rna^u  .,  .  >- 
pcnny-pi(?ce !  Hejiven  only  know.^  liow  the 
news  ot  this  muniiicent  gilt  of  a  «rr/»«T  lajul  so 
Hwiftlv  spread  through  tiie  fair  J  Ona  Uttle  lad 
actuxdly  had  the  bravery  to  &ay  to  m©  that 
"  children  were  admittetl  at  half-piice  !'*  And 
was  1  not  a  cold-hearted  wrctdi  to  reply, 
"Oh,  indeed!"  just  ;ia  ihotiijli  it.  werf  a 
I  matter  of  perfect  indilferouce  to  tue,  thouch, 
!  in  truth,  it  was  not  i  but  I  felt  rather  appaUwd 
at  the  si^ht  of  such  a  crowd  of  little  eager 
heads,  well  knowing  that  my  pui-iic  was  not 
full  to  overflowing,  even  with  twopenny 
pieces! 

At  length  we  were  seatetl  in  the  Uttle 
theatre ;  and,  after  a  feivrful  cliarivari  from 
the  oi:x:hestra,  the  curtain  drew  up,  and  wi* 
beheld,  seated  at  a  long  table,  a  otciipany  of 
monkeys  !  It  was  a  tabie  d^UtU.  A  daud/lied 
yoimg  fellow-*-perhapa  Monsieiu*  he  CVrf 
himself — in  the  moat  elej^ant  of  cnivata,  the 
most  elegant  white  wristbands,  the  most 
elegant  ring,  and  the  most  elegant  moustochtiL 
performed  tho  part  of  host ;  the  waiter  and 
waitress  were  monkeys.  The  waiter — a  most 
drunken,  good-for-nothing  waiter  Ite  seemed 
— a  fat,  big  ape — drank  behind  the  backs  of 
the  guests  the  very  wine  he  was  serv  ing  them 
with  ;  he  seemed  so  very  tinsy,  that  be  could 
hardly  walk ;  be  staggered  backwards  and 
forwards,  and  leaned  against  the  wall  for  sup 
port,  as  he  emptied  the  bottle  he  was  bringing 
for  the  ctmipany.  But  tlie  little  waitress  i 
She  was  a  little  darling;  the  tinir^t  ..f  linl,^ 
monkeys,  and  she  came  skipping  < 
in  a  little  broad-brimmed  straw  n 

bright-ooloured  Uttle  dress,  witli  the  dmuticst 
of  little  white  musUn  aprons  on ;  she  looked 
Juist  like  a  Uttle  fairy.  Everybody  was 
enchanted  with  her.  Even  Monsieur  Le 
Cerf  himself  caiessed  her,  and  gave  her  not 
only,  every  now  and  tlien,  a  nut,  but  a 
kiss.  She  behaved  beautiiuUy.  But  as  to 
the  guests  J  They  quarrelled,  and  e  v^eu  fought 
— Monsieur  Le  Cerf  said  it  was  about  paying 
the  bUL 

I  can*t  pretend  to  teU  you  half  the  clever 
thin^  the  monkeys  did  In  the  way  of  swing- 
ing, dancing,  firing  off  muskets,  liding  on  a 
^ny,  &c.  Wonderful  things,  too,  wi-re  per- 
lormed  by  the  dogs,  splendid  spaniels  and 
setters.  One  large  black -and-tan  creature 
walked  on  his  fore-legs^  in  the  style  of  what 


638 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


[CovUiM-iBil  Vy 


children  call  "  playing  at  a  wbeelbarrow 
only  be  himself,  poor  wretcbj  had  to  wheel 
the  btUTOw,  He  walked  demurely  rouud  and 
ixjiind  the  stage,  carrying  his  two  iinlueky 
Kuid-legfl  up  in  the  air ;  then  he  walked  on 
tbr«e  legs,  and  then,  the  most  difficult  taak  of 
ftll  for  a  dog,  as  we  were  a«siir(>d,  upon  two 
legs  on  the  same  side.  Another  beHutifnl 
white  spaniel  cam€  walking  in  most  grandly 
on  her  hind  legs,  aa  Madame  de  Pompadour^ 
m  a  long-train^  dress  which  was  borne  by  a 
tiziy  monkey  in  livery,  beariiig  a  little  huithom 
in  his  hand. 

The  finale  was  the  besieging  of  a  fortreas  ; 
and  to  see  some  twenty  milk-white  spameU 
nuhiog  up  and  down  the  stairs  of  the  burning 
fartreas,  iDumined  by  brilliant  rcxse-coloiu-ed, 
green,  and  blue  lights,  was  very  curious  indeed 
11*  I  cuuld  hare  forgotten  the  terrible  training 
through  which  these  poor  creatures  must  have 
gone,  I  sliould  have  enjoyed  it  much  more. 
But  I  did  not  wonder,  ailer  seeing  all  their 
ftiata,  that  our  little  friend  had  been  so 
enchanted.  He  sat  behind  iia  in  the  half- 
price  seats,  but  for  all  that  we  continued  to 
exchange  many  imiiling  glances  during  the 
perfomiance,  I  only  wished  I  could  have  seen 
a  whole  row  of  little  fellows  all  etjually  de 
lighted  ajid  surprised  by  their  good  fortune, 

A  rUBUC  BALX<. 

I  WKNT  last  night  to  one  of  the  grand 
pttblie  balls  ;  but  not  to  dance,  only  into  the 
gallery,  to  look  on  and  enjoy  the  spectacle 
without  the  fatigue — or  the  pleasure.  This 
ball  was  in  the  Od6on,  one  of  the  principal 
public  buildings  here,  and  where  the  Couser- 
vatorium  Ls.  The  room  where  the  ball  was 
held  was  the  same  that  I  described  to  you 
once  before,  when  a  concert  was  given  by  the 
pupUs  of  the  Couservatorium.  Myra  F,  and  I 
mounted  some  dozen  steep  flighia  of  staim, 
and  at  length  emerged  into  the  gallery.  We 
left  a  throng  of  carriages  setting  down  Kill- 
attired  hidlea  and  geutleraen  at  the  principal 
entrance^  and  a  throng  of  spectator  admiring 
them. 

Quite  out  of  breath,  from  our  long  ascent, 
we  found  ourselves  in  the  gallery  w^luch  iims 
roimd  the  large  hall,  at  an  immense  height 
from  the  floor.  Tlie  gallery  was  crowiled  with 
people,  all  eagerly  leaning,  in  a  double  row, 
over  the  railing ;  so  that,  from  the  ball-room 
below,  the  ceiling  must  have  seemed  adorned 
with  a  oomico  of  living  faces.  The  gallery- 
carowd  appeared  to  conaist  of  friends  of  the 
ball*^room  company,  who  were  anxiously 
watching  or  waiting  the  advent  of  their 
friends  below  ;  and  of  good  citixena,  and  other 
people,  who,  not  being  themselves  of  the  hauig 
wliif  had  come  to  criticise  and  copy  their 
betters — in  rank. 

It  was  with  oonsideirable  difficulty  that 
Myra  and  I  found  standing-room  where  we 
could  SCO  ;  yet  it   wua  onfv  half  post    sue 


When  we  did,  we  looker!  down  upon  nurabei^ 
less  chandeliers^  ^  '  '  ^ 


which,  with  their  circles  of 


starry  lamps,  iiluminc<l  a  very  gay-looking 
compsmy  indeed.  At  the  further  end  of  ttie 
hall  waa  a  low  platform,  approached  by  n 
flight  of  steps  cx>vered  with  carpeting  ;  ajikd 
here  stood  a  vejy  fine  gi*ove  of  fir-treea,  oraDOe- 
trees,  and  greenhouse  shrubs,  behind  wtiiel^ 
were  concealed  the  musicians.  The  wbolft 
platform  was  in  fact  an  elegant  saloon  ;  wWvft 
stood  couches,  chaii's,  and  tables,  the  crunsOQ 
and  richly-coloured  coverings  of  which  looked 
excessively  pretty  among  &e  green  trees  and 
shrubs.  Tax)erB  burned  In  tall,  branching  csiDdl^ 
sticks  upon  the  tables,  and  groupe  of  young 
ladies,  in  clouds  of  white  m  ualin,  or  in  pink  gauxe^ 
looking  like  rose-buds  among  all  the  grvoa 
leaves,  stood  or  moved  about  ;  whilst  geotLft- 
men  in  gay  uniforms,  or  in  the  less  attrakciir*; 
civil  costume,  as  it  is  called — black  coat,  whito 
waistcoat,  and  hat  in  hand — crowded  rottnd 
them.  There  was  no  lack  of  more  sobcjr 
colouring  in  the  dresses  of  the  c/tapcroneg,  in 
their  velvets,  silks,  and  satins.  And  all  these 
gay  people  were  thickly  scattered,  not  only 
over  the  aristocratic  platform,  but  the  vlu^e 
hall,  a  group  of  gentlemen  clustering  togetli«r 
in  the  very  centre  of  the  beautiful,  inlaid 
floor,  Uke  a  swarm  of  bees. 

Many  of  the  grandees  of  Munich  wvm 
either  already  present,  or  were  expected. 
King  Max  himself  was  looked  for:  PrUu!« 
Adelbert  had  already  aiTived,  and  only  to  be 
distinguished  from  the  company  by  weaiiag 
a  brovm.  instead  of  a  Hack  coat,  such  being  his 
privilege  as  a  prince  of  the  blood. 

And  now,  from  the  concealed  ordhiestra, 
sounded  the  iiret  note  of  the  Polonnaise  ;  and 
the  gentlemen  hastened  towaitis  their  pnrt^ 
ners,  and  all  solemnly  paraded,  in  stately  p<^ 
cession,  the  ball-room  ;  and  now  burst  foortH 
a  waltz,  and  away  flew  the  dancers. — Oh  !  it 
really  waa  very  tantalising  to  hear  that  bean.- 
tiful  music,  and  to  see  those  dancers  ;  amd  to 
be  up  in  that  hot  and  close  gallery,  in  tL 
merino  dress  and  overshoes !    There  waa  a 

riufal  contmat.  For  the  firet  few  momeDti» 
declared  to  Mvra,  that,  spite  of  all  my  phi- 
losophy, which  had  made  me  decline  aa  in- 
vitation to  this  very  ball,  I  now  wished  I  Lad 
lieen  there,  and  that  I  miut  and  would  go  to 
the  next,  if  it  were  only  for  the  sake  of  old 
times  I  But  soon  after  came  a  Franfaixe,  or, 
as  we  call  it,  a  quadrille  ;  and  then  another 
waltz,  and  then  a  polka,  and  then  a  Franfoise 
again  ;  and,  by  that  time,  I  began  to  feel  tliati 
11  to  look  on  at  a  ball  waa  at  &^  tantaliaiiig^ 
it  became,  after  a  while,  very  wearisome — . 
^^  the  greatest  bore  under  the  sun  ! "  aa  I 
remember  to  have  heard  certain  unhappy 
victims,  who  ihd  not  danoe^  declare— imt 
which  assertion  I,  at  the  time,  did  not 
appreciate. 

But  soon  a  pleasant  excitement  arrived  for 
us.  Madame  F.,  Myra'a  mother,  and  har 
sister  Anna,  entere<l  the  ball-room.  They 
came  aristocratically  late.  How  handsome 
they  looked  ;  Madiuud  F.  in  black,  with  scar- 
let flowers  in  her  haii' ;  and  Anna  looking  Jk 


T^i-y  Hebe,  in  simple  whit^  mwsliu,  with  a 
scarlet  sas^h  and  scarlet  bows  cm  her  8ie«ves, 
And  nothlndT  what«ver  in  her  hair.  Bhe  was 
t^  ^t,  audj  to  my  tast«,  the  most  ele- 

-.^ed  girl,  in  the  room.  Her  btsau- 
T  ^ri^ii   its  rich,  dark  ^^^'"^    '  toked 

13,  from  the  en  .7  of 

ament.     Stand Il_  u  the 

in  1117  stuff  dreas  and  overshoes^  I 
Felt  really  proud  of  them.  They  created  quite 
a  Beuaadon  as  they  came  in ;  and  a«  Anna 
Stood  beside  an  orange-tree  on  the  platform, 
with  all  her  simple  beauty,  in  her  white  dress 
and  acarlet  ribbon,  and  with  her  beaming, 
happy  face,  I  did  not  wonder  at  the  host  of 
gentlemen  that  made  their  way  to  her. 

Myra  and  I,  and  their  servant  Elise,  who 
by  this  time  bad  joined  us^  grew  quite  exeited, 
'•'Tliere;;  said  Myra," is  Count  R,  I  know 
Anna  will  dance  with  him.  And  there  is 
youii^  S. :  I  think  she  has  pit>mi8ed  him  a 
dance  !  And  there  is  that  httle  lieutenant ; 
and  there  is  the  student  from  N, ;  but 
■he  won't  dance  with  kirn — of  that  I  am 
sure?" 

And  so  we  watched  the  dumb  show  of 
Annans  arrival,  and  subsided  somewhat, 
when,  leavinj?  Madame  F.  quietly  seated 
upon  one  of  the  couches  among  the  orange- 
trees,  we  beheld  Anna  waltz  away  with  a  UJl 
officer  in  blue  uniform. 

A^iii  I  began  to  grow  desperately  weary, 
i^tAd  looked  round  with  loneing  eyes  for  dear 
Fraulein  S&ichen's  old-fa«Woned  face.  It 
seemed  to  me  that  she  never  would  come  ! 
Furtunately,  a  little  love-making  in  the  fore- 
ground of  our  gallery  made  me  forget  my 
fatigue  for  the  time.  There  sat  just  before 
us  a  very  pretty  girl,  very  young  and  childish- 
looking.  I  caught  a  glimpse  of  a  sweet,  child- 
like broWt  and  long,  droopmg  eyelashes,  as  she 
sat  in  the  front  row  with  her  married  sister. 
Prenently,  one  of  the  gentlemen  from  the  ball- 
room below  made  his  appearance.  I  fau<^  he 
was  a  student ;  but"  I  did  not  admire  his  look 
At  aU.  He  was  evidently  despeonitelT  in  love 
with  the  pretty  girl ;  he  forgot  all  about  the 
Ijall,  and  talked  most  eamestiv  to  her  behind 
the  married  sister's  back  ;  she  smiled,  and 
said  very  little,  but  listened,  and  seeme<l  also 
to  forget  the  ball.  Soon,  another  gentleman 
arrivt*d  from  the  ball-room  below  ;  and  then 
jealousy  was  addsd  to  love.  The  first  lover 
turned  black  as  a  thunder-cloud,  and  I  thought 
looked  more  unpleasant  than  ever ;  he  did  not 
go  away,  but  stood  scowling  like  a  jealous 
lover  in  a  picture  of  Stepbanon's ;  and  the  girl 
li.«iteDed  with  the  same  smile  and  the  same 
innocent  brow  to  the  second  lover,  the  married 
sister  aU  the  time  looking  down  into  the  ball- 
room. 

Thb  amused  me  for  a  while,  and  then 
another  group  also  amused  me.  A  dowager, 
in  her  velvet  and  modeiur,  attended  by  a 
queer  liitle  old  officer,  a  re^lar  German 
Major  O'Dowd— with  spectacles  on,  and  a 
plumed  hat  in  his  hand— brtmght  up  a  beauti- 


ful young  lady  to  speak  to  some  dear  friend 
in  the  gallery ;  and  lots  *>f  othi^r  gnmdecs 
from  below  found  their  way  into  our  up|w»r 
regions,  till  we  aUo  seemed  all  astii'  lutd 
gorgeoiis.  But,  O !  joyful  sight  f  amid  all 
the  grand  arrivals  there  was  Fraulein S»inchen, 
with  mv  shawl  on  h«?r  arm. 

But  the  poor,  dear  old  soul  was  in  no  harry 
to  eo,  now  she  was  once  here,  and  I  could  not 
tiud  in  my  heart  to  deprive  her  of  a  glimpse 
of  the  gay  world,  whicn  was  such  a  novelty 
to  her,  "lieside^,  sne  was  very  anxious  to  point 
out  to  me  two  grand  gentlemen  in  whom  she 
takes  great  interest,  a  young  Herr  Baron  and 
the  son  of  a  certjun  Fi-au  Geneimrathinn,  who 
is  a  great  ladj.  But  I  was  too  tired  eveu  to 
care  about  her  favourites,  though  I  have 
heard  so  much  of  them  for  the  last  several 
weeks,  without  having  yet  had  the  pleasure 
of  seeing  them,  The^e  two  young  fellows 
went  to  one  of  the  court  balls  the  other  night ; 
and  the  next  morning  I  had,  however,  the 

Eleasure  of  seeing  the  mother  of  one  of  them 
angiug  out  clothes  in  the  ganleu.  That  is 
truly  German !  So  is  also  the  foUowiug 
UoiiitJwld  Festival : — One  evenir»g,  Fniuleiu 
S.  came  in  to  beg  ua  to  go  down  stairs  to  see 
something  very  beautiful,  in  their  room.  We 
of  course  went ;  and,  in  their  strange  ciiriosity- 
ahop  of  a  room,  among  painted  saints,  ami 
gilt  cabluets,  and  pictnre-framee,  stood  a  little 
table,  upon  whicn  was  placed  a  rery  gnily- 
painted  transparency,  witn  aueer  pink  angeU 
fluttering  about,  and  scrollit,  and  various 
extraordinary  aral>esquea  eucircling  a  verse 
wisliing  heidth  and  happiness  to  the  father : 
thb  being  his  namely.  Candles  burned 
behind  the  transparency,  pots  of  ivy  and 
flowers  were  placed  on  either  side,  making 
a  pleasant  greenness ;  and  in  front  lay  a 
drawing,  in  a  gilt  frame,  a  ver>'  grand  chalk 
head  01  a  boy,  with  a  fiilcon  on  his  wrist, 
and  in  a  very  grand  frame  indeed  I  The 
transparency,  the  drawing,  and  the  frame 
were  all  the  work  of  little  Willi  elm.  And 
there  be  stood,  as  proud  as  could  be !  Ida 
black,  sharp  little  eyes  sparkling  with  de- 
light ;  and  there  was  his  father,  a  tall  and 
singularly  handsome  man,  to-night  with  a 
smue  of  fatherly  pride  on  his  face,  which 
made  him  look  still  more  handsome ;  and 
there  was  Mrs.  S*  dressed  all  in  her  best 
and  all  the  little  brothers  and  sistei's,  and 
the  old  grandmother,  with  the  Imby  in  her 
arms,  and  several  neighbours  besides.  It 
certainly  was  one  of  the  prettiest  Httlfi  house- 
hold feativaU  I  ever  saw. 

Sometimes  we  send  .for  little  Wilhehn  to 
play  the  "zitter^*  to  us.  He  is  about  twelve, 
has  a  very  brown,  red  face,  black  eyes,  and 
ear-rings  in  his  eai-s.  He  plays  very  prettily. 
His  fat  little  hands,  call  ftirth  buoIi  sweet, 
low  music  from  f*'"'"  iiH]p  instrument — 
music,  like  fairy  v*  lin^  in  sohtary 

green    spots  amoji^  tritiMns,      There 

IS  a  peculiar  spirit  in  the  zitter,  and  it  is 
wonderftilly  adapted  for  Alpine  melodies — 


^ 


£40 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


for  those  tender,  jiiwiple,  pe^tsant  nirs, 
through  which  ever  rana  such  a  pliiintive 
Bentimeiit. 


m 


THE  WASTE  OF  Wyjl, 

Give  roe  the  gold  that  war  ha£  coflt^^ 

Before  this  peace-cxpatidiiig  day  ; 
The  wasted  skill,  the  labour  lost — 

The  montal  ti'eajsure  thrown  awuy  ; 
And  I  will  buy  each  rood  of  soil 

la  every  yet  discovered  land ; — 
Whert)  huntere  roam,  whero  pcosaats  toQ, 

Where  many-peopled  oitiets  stand. 

1 11  clothe  eoch  shivering  wretch  on  earth, 

In  needful ;  nay,  in  brave  Rttiro ; 
Vesture  befitting  banquet  mirth. 

Which  kitiga  might  envy  and  admire. 
In  every  vale,  on  every  pkin, 

A  school  shall  glad  the  gazer'u  Bight ; 
Where  every  poor  man's  child  may  gain 

Pore  knowledge*  free  oa  air  and  light. 

I  "U  build  aayluma  for  the  poor, 

Ey  age  or  ailment  made  forlorn  ; 
And  none  alioU  thrust  them  from  the  door, 

Or  sting  with  looks  and  words  of  acorn. 
I  *1I  link  each  alien  hemisphere  ; 

Help  honest  men  to  conquer  wrong  j 
Art,  Science,  Labour,  nerve  and  cheer; 

Reward  the  Poet  for  hia  song. 

In  every  crowded  town  shall  rise 

Halh  Academic,  amply  graced  ; — 
Where  Ignorance  may  aoon  be  wiae. 

And  CoarseneBB  leiim  both  art  and  taste. 
To  every  province  ahall  belong 

CoUefifiatc  Rtructuros,  and  not  few — 
Fill'd  with  a  truth-exploring  thioug, 

And  teachers  of  tho  good  and  true. 

In  every  tr&e  and  peopled  clime 

A  vn^t  Walhalla  ball  shall  Btond; 
A  marble  edifice  eublioae. 

For  tho  illuatrious  of  the  land ; 
A  Pantheon  for  the  tf-tUy  gr^it. 

The  wise,  beneficent,  and  just ; 
A  place  of  wide  and  lofty  stite 

To  honour  or  to  hold  their  dust. 

A  temple  to  attract  and  teach 

Shall  lift  its  apiro  on  every  hill,, 
Where  pious  men  shaU  feel  and  preach 

Peace,  mercy,  tolerance,  good-will ; 
Hu«ic  of  bolts  on  Sabbath  days, 

Round  the  whole  earth  shall  gladly  rise; 
And  one  great  ChnBtiau  Eoug  of  praiHo 

Stream  sweetly  upward  to  the  akica  ! 

THE  CROCODrLE  BATTERY. 

Ln  the  summer  of  J  846,  when  everybody  in 
England  was  crazy  with  railway  gambling,  I 
WHS  Bojouming  on  the  bankB  of  the  Rohan,  a 
small  streajn  in  one  of  the  north-western 
provinces  of  India.  Here  I  first  became 
jvcquainted  with  the  Mugger,  or  Indian 
crocodile.  I  hwi  often beforeleaving  EnglMidi 
i*een,  in  museums,  stufled  specimens  of  the 
animal,  and  had  read  in  **Vo^iges  and 
Travelgf*'  all  sorts  of  horrible  and  incredible 


no 


stories  cv^ucerniug  th«im.    I  liad  a  Uvei 

lection  of  Waterton  riding  close  to  the 

edge  on  the  back  of  an  American  c&yniui,' 

and  I  had  a  confused  notion  of  saci*ed  «*toco^  , 

diles  on  the  banks  of  the  Nile.     I 

mort?  or  less  inclined  to  regard  th* 

as  having  affinities  with  8inbad*a  ■  r 

the  wild  lueji  of  the  woods,  who  ouIt 

from  speaking  for  fear  of  being  ninde  U 

My  ideas  respecting  the  natural   histoty 
crocodiles  were  m  this  BUge   of  developnif 
when,  one  day,  wlule  paddling  up  the  Hoh 
I  saw  what  appeared  to  be  a  lialf-b\in>eil^ 
of  wood  l>iDg  on  a  sand-bank.      If 
close  up  to  it.     To  my  astouishmt'nt,  it 
to  be  a  hu^e  i-eptUe.      The   old    storiea 
dragonSf  grifiina,   and  mon.*itcrB,   seemed 
longer  f&blea ;  the  speculations  of  j^«o]<>gMtf 
conoeminflT  moiosaurianif,   hyt4JBmur%a»%M^  and 
pUtiosaunaTU,  were  no  longer  dreamau 
in  all   his    scaly  magnificence,   was    a 
saurian,  nearly   eighteen    feet   long.     Ft 
while  I  stood   gazing  at   thii?,   to   me, 
feUow-citizen  of  the   world,  and  sj 
on  hia   mental  constitution.      The   mi 
was,  or  pretended  to  be,  asleep,     I  wood^ 
if  he  di'camt,  and  what  hia  dreams   or 
ries  might  be  about ;  possibly  he  was 
of  the  same  old  world  with  which  I 
him — possibly  of  the  fish  who  were 
in  the  waters  below  :  or,  he  mi^ht  ' 
of  the  men  and  women  he  had 
the  course  of  hia  exiaftence.     There 
snort ;   perhape  that  was  occasiouecl 
beugles  and  heavy  brass  omamente  wh 
adorned  the  hmbs  of  some  Hindoo  beaut 
had  eaten,  and  which  were  lying  heavy 
indigestible  on  his  stomach.     But  presenl 
the  biiite  lay  so  stilly  and  seemed  so  traai 
and  placid  in  his  sleep,  that  it  wa^  ^liffic 
to  iniag^iue  him  guilty  of  such  atrocitiea. 
did  not  apiiear  to  be  disturljed  by  remorse, 
the  twitcnmffs  of  a  guilty  coiisi'ieuce  :  it 
have  been  all  a   slander.     I  felt   so   kin< 
disposed    towards    him,   that    I    could    not 
imagine  it  possible  that  if  awake  he  "woi 
feel  disposea  to  eat    me.    Let  ua    see  !- 
making  a  splash  with  my  paddle,  I  wak< 
the  sleeping  l>eatity.    He  instantly  started 
and   opened,  what    appeared — what    inC 
proved  to  be— -an  enlarged  man-trap;  disch 
a  red,  slimj  cavern  within,  fringed  with 
conical  fangs.     He  closed  it  with  a  snap  tJ 
made   me  "shudder,   and   then  plungea   into 
the  water,  hia  eyes  glaring  with  hate 
defiance. 

Some  days  after  I  had  made  tliis  new  acqui 
tauce,  I  was  sitting  at  home  talking  with  my 
brother  when  a  native  woman  came  crying  i 
screaming  to  the  bungalow  door,  teai'ing 
hair  out  in  handfuls  ;  she  got  down  ou^ 
veranda  floor  and  struck  her  nead  against  it,  j 
if  she  really  meant  to  dash  her  braiDA  out. 
cix)wd  of  other  women  stood  at  a  short 
tance,  crying  and  lamenting  as  if  they  w( 
frantic.    What  was  the  matter  1  Hidf-a-doi 
voices  made  answer  in  a  discordant  choru%  tl 


Cfcafl«  DicktQL] 


THE  CKOCODILK  BATTERY 


541 


whil'3  the  poor  woman  waa  wasbing  her 
clothea  by  the  river  side,  her  child — an  infant 
abQut  a  year  old — hwl  been  seized  and  swal- 
lowed by  a  Mugger.  Although  cotiviuced 
that  iiid  was  now  impo«>sibIe,  vre  took  om- 
gnnsi  and  hastened  to  the  spot  where  the 
^cident  happ<3iied  ;  but  all  was  still  there, 
a  wavelet  disturbed  the  surface  of  the 

>am.  A  Bzoali  speckled  kbdisher  was 
lovexiDg  overhead,  as  if  balanced  in  the  im\ 
rith  ita  beak  bent  down  on  its  breast,  watch- 
the  fish  beneath ;  preijcntly  it  dniled 
an  arrow  into  the  water  ;  returned  with 
an  empty  bill,  and  then  went  off,  with  ita  clear, 
sharp,  twittering  uote^  as  if  to  console  itseli' 
"for  tiie  fniliire. 

One  day  I  wajb  citting  on  the  high  bank  of 
the  river,  taking  snap  8hot«  with  my  gtm  at 
the  large  tiih  who  were  every  now  and  then 
leivping  i.>ut  of  the  water.  A  favourite  spaniel 
waa  bi'inging  a  fifth  out  of  the  water  that  I 
had  liit.  It  had  swam  already  half  way 
across  the  stream,  when  the  water  about  six 
yartla  bdow  her  became  suddenly  disturbed  ; 
and,  to  my  horror,  up  started  the  head  and 
open  jawa  of  an  enonnoua  crocodile.  The  dog 
gart  a  loud  shriek,  and  sprang  half  out  of  the 
water.  The  Mugger  nwain  rapidly^  and  had 
got  within  a  yard  of  his  intencled  victim^ 
when  I  i-aised  my  gun,  and  took  aim  at  the 
moniBter^s  head^  A  thud,  a  splash,  a  bubble, 
and  a  duaky  red  dtroak  in  the  water,  waa  all 
that  ensued.  Presently. however,  Juno'a  glo«8y 
black  head  emerged  from  the  water ;  and, 
to  mv  delight,  began  to  make  i^id  progreaa  to- 
wards me,  and  landed  safely.  The  poor  brute, 
wet  and  shivering,  coiled  herself  up  at  my 
&et,  with  her  bright  hazel  eyea  fixed  on  mine 
with  ineffable  satisfaction.  Poor  Juno  Bub- 
sequently  fell  a  victim  to  the  Muggers,  when 
her  master  waa  not  at  hand  to  succour  her. 
I  mention  theiie  lacts,  to  show  that  the  dia- 
bolical revenge  with  which  I  afterwards 
asaisted  in  visiting  these  monsters,  was  not 
gromndlefis.  But  the  stix>ngest  oocsaion  of  it 
remains  to  be  told. 

Just  as  the  **  rains  '*  were  beginning,  ray 
nelgbbonr,  Mr.  Hall,  sent  me  word  that  he 
intended  pajang  me  a  short  visit,  and  re- 
quested me  to  send  a  gyc€  (groom),  with  a 
ttddle-horae,  to  meet  hini  at  a  certain  place 
on  the  road.  The  syce,  Sidhoo,  was  a  smart, 
opeuHiheated,  ainewy-limbed  little  fellow,  a 
perfect  model  of  a  biped  racer.  He  could  run 
— as  is  the  custom  in  the  East — alongside  his 
hone  at  a  pace  of  seven  or  eight  miles  an 
hour,  for  a  length  of  time  that  would  astonish 
the  beat  Engli^  pedestrian  I  over  heard  of. 

Towards  evening,  Mr.  Hall  rode  up  to  the 
bungalow,  dripping  with  water,  and  covered 
with  mud.  I  saw  at  once  tliat  acme  accident 
had  happened,  and  hastened  to  assist  him. 

As  toon  aa  he  got  inside,  he  said,  in  answer 
to  mj  bantering  about  his  **  spill  "— 

**  I  am  in    no    hummir   for    \pat\nt 


«n  in  no  humour  for  jesting, 
syoeis  loatl" 
*•  Drowned  I '' 


Your 


**  No  ;  eaten  ! — by  an  enonnoua  crocodile  !" 

He  added  that,  on  arriving  at  a  snsaU 
nulla  about  I  wo  miles  oil  he  found  it  so  much 
swollen  by  i-ain,  that  he  ha»-1  to  swim  his  horso 
across  it.'holding  one  end  of  the  wrd  which 
Sidhoo,  in  common  with  most  Hindoos,  wore 
coiled  round  his  waist,  and  which  was  Uised 
in  drawing  water  from  the  deep  well>4  of  the 
country.  Hall  got  safely  across,  and  then 
commenced  pulling  Sidhoo  over  by  means  oi 
the  cord.  The  black  face,  with  the  white  teeth 
and  turban,  were  bobbing  above  tlie  muddy 
water,  wixen  all  at  once  {\\e  »^r<KHii  tLicw  up 
his  anns^  gave  a  loud  shriek,  }>elow 

thesurfiice,     Mr.  Hall,  who  ii  d  the 

cord  roimd  his  hand,  was  diaggeti  into  the 
water ;  where  he  got  a  momentary  glimpse  of 
the  long  serrated  tail  of  a  Mugger,  lashing 
the  water  a  short  way  idiead  of  him.  In  his 
efforts  to  aave  himiself,  he  lost  his  hold  of  the 
string,  and  with  much  difficulty  claiubere<l 
up  the  slippery  bank  of  the  nulla.  All  was 
now  stilK  Only  Sidhoo'a  turban  waa  to 
be  seen  flontuig  Ioosi?ly,  a  considerable  way 
down  the  stream.  Hall  ran  towanla  il,  with 
the  sort  of  feeling  which  makes  a  ilrowning 
man  catch  at  a  straw ;  and,  by  means  of  a 
stick  he  succeeded  in  liahing  it  out,  and 
brought  it  with  him,  as  the  only  remnant  of 
Sidhoo  he  coidd  give  an  c'tceount  of. 

Bad  news  soon  spreads  in  an  Indian  village, 
and  Sidhoo^s  fate  was  aoon  made  known  to 
his  wife  ;  and  in  a  short  time  she  came  crying 
and  sobbing  to  the  bungalow,  and  laid  her 
youngest  child  at  our  friend's  feet.  The  tears 
glistened  in  the  poor  fellow's  eyes  as  he 
tried  to  sooth  and  console  her ;  which  he  did 
by  nromiaing  to  provide  fofr  her  and  her 
chiloren. 

Although  Hall  was  generally  running  over 
with  fun,  we  smoked  our  cheroots  that  even- 
ing in  sUence;  except  when  we  proposed 
schemes  for  the  annihilation  of  the  crocodiles. 
A  great  many  plans  were  discussed — but  none 
tliat  offered  much  chance  of  sacoesfi.  The  next 
day,  after  breakfast,  I  waa  showing  my  visitor 
a  galvanic  blasting  apparatus,  lately  received 
from  EugUmd,  for  blowing  up  the  snags 
(stumps  of  trees)  which  obstruct  the  naviga- 
tion of  the  river.  I  was  explaining  its  mode 
of  action  to  him,  when  he  sundenly  interrupted 
me  with — 

"The  very  tiling !  Instead  of  snags,  why 
not  blow  up  tlie  Muggers  I " 

I  confessed  that  ^re  could  be  no  reason 
why  we  should  not  blast  the  Muggers.  Tlie 
dimculty  was  only  how  to  manage  it ;  yet  the 
more  we  talked  of  it,  the  more  feasible  did 
the  scheme  appear. 

The  brutes  keep  pretty  csonstant  to  the 
same  quarters,  when  the  fish  are  plentiful  j 
and  we  soon  ascertained  that  poor  Sidhoo's 
murderer  was  well  known  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  the  nulla.  He  had  on  several  occa- 
sions carried  off  goats,  sheep,  pigs,  and 
children ;  and  had  once  attempted  to  drag  a 
bo^alo,  whom  he  had  caught  drinking,  into 


Cbwlu  Dkktasl 


A  BOYAL  SPEECH  BV  JAJMES  TTTE  FTKST. 


DOUDcement,  that  Sidhoo*8  Mugger  was  still 
alive,  aud  on  bis  old  beat,  apparently  iixun> 
jured.  It  was  evident  that  we  Imd  bloated 
the  tnfong  Mugger  !  We  consoled  ourselves 
with  the  reflection  that  if  he  were  not  Sitlhoo'ii 
[iQurderej,  it  was  very  likely  he  waa  not  wholly 
»iiiiiooeut  of  other  atrocities^  and  therefore 
r  deserved  his  fate. 

Of  cs>ar9e  it  was  impoastble  to  rest  while 
tidhoo's  Muggi'r  r^omJined  alive,  ao  we  were 
jot  long  in  preparing  for  a  second  expedition. 
J*hifl  time  we  took  the  precaution  of  not 
efaju'gmg  the  battery  until  we  were  certain 
that  the  bait  was  gwallowed.  The  acid, 
diluted  to  the  neceaB&iy  stren^^h;  wa^, 
thereforei  carried  in  one  of  those  brown 
earthenware  jara  called  grey-beards,  whicli 
had  oome  out  to  ua  full  of  Gtenlivet  whiskey. 
We  commenced  dragging  the  kid  up  the 
Btream,  aa  before  ;  but,  having  waiked  more 
than  a  mile  without  gettinc  a  bite,  we  were 
getting  rather  diahearteneO}  and  sat  down 
to  rest,  struck  a  light^  uid  smoked  a  dieroot. 
Hall  laid  down,  ha^nng  manu&ctttred  an  im- 
promptu caary  chair  out  of  his  coil  of  roj>e^ 
with  the  indated  goat-skin  placed  above  it. 
My  brother  waa  not  long  in  imitating  his 
example,  and  I  laid  down  under  the  sLado 
of  some  reeds,  near  to  the  water's  edge. 
The  heat  waa  oppressive — and  we  were  di»- 
curaing  the  proKibiUtr  of  getting  a  bite  that 
day,  and  iMiienling  that  we  had  not  brought 
some  pale  ale  along  with  us,  when,  all  at 
oncfc  i  got  a  sharp  blow  on  the  leg,  while  my 
brotner  came  spuming  down  the  bank  like 
a  teetotem ;  a  companion  picture  to  Hall, 
who  was  revolving  down  the  opposite  bank. 
The  ropes  aud  skins  went  rushing  down 
the  nulla  at  a  tremeodotia  oaoe.  As  soon 
as  we  recovered  from  the  laugnter  into  which 
we  wena  thrown  by  this  droll  contretemps, 
we  set  off  in  pursuit,  guided  by  the  track 
wliich  the  inflated  skins  made  tn  the  water. 
On  they  went,  do^jhiog  from  side  to  side, 
ss  they  had  done  in  our  first  attempt.  On 
oomiQg  to  a  place  where  the  nulla  made 
a  sharp  turn,  they  stood  still  under  the  high 
bank,  on  the  inner  curve  of  the  bend.  It  un- 
)rtuimlely  happened  that  the  bank,  near 
which  the  sidns  were  floating,  was  too 
precipitous  for  us  to  get  near  them,  without 
starting  the  Mugger  firom  his  present  position. 
With  much  labour,  we  detached  someloosesods 
from  the  top  of  the  bank,  and  sent  them  with  a 
loud  splash  into  the  water,  directly  over  where 
we  imagined  him  to  liave  taken  up  his 
quarters.  This  had  the  desired  efl^  for  the 
skins  began  to  move  slowly  down  the  stream 
aa  if  the  Mugger  were  crawling  leisurely 
■long  the  bottom. 

Living  my  brother  with  the  coolies  tn 
clutrge  of  the  battery,  I  ran  on  to  where 
the  bank  waa  more  shelving.  By  good  luck, 
the  stream  was  rushing  up,  after  its  sudden 
Bwt^p,  aud  sent  a  strong  current  against 
this  Dank.  I  had  not  waited  many  minutes, 
before    the    skins  came  floating  round  the 


comer,  to  where  I  was  standing.  I  seized  the 
one  to  which  the  wire  was  attached,  desire 
intr  my  brother  to  charge  the  battery,  and 
bring  it  down.  This  he  md  much  sooner  than 
I  could  have  expected  ;  for  as  the  battery  was 
uow  empty^p  one  oooly  was  able  to  carry  it  on 
his  head  while  my  brother  twk  the  jar  of  acid 
in  his  band.  It  waa  evident  from  the  motion 
of  the  other  skin  in  the  water  that  the  ^Mugger 
was  still  moving  ;  so  no  time  was  to  be  lost.  I 
made  the  connection  with  the  battery  with  one 
of  the  wires.  In  another  instant  the  ctrouit 
was  complete,  and  the  Mugger's  doom  sealed. 

There  waa  a  momentary  pause — owing,  I 
suppose^  to  some  slight  loss  of  msulatiou  iu  the 
wires — then  came  the  premonitory  shock ;  then 
the  rumble,  the  smoke,  and  the  sparks ;  and  a 
great  bloated  mass  of  flesh  and  blood  rose 
to  the  surface  of  the  water.  Hall  called 
out  to  us  to  drag  it  ashore,  and  see  whether 
we  could  get  any  trace  of  poor  Sidhoo,  We 
tried  by  means  of  a  bamboo  pole  to  j»ull  it  to 
the  bank  ;  but  the  glimpse  we  got  oi  it  as  it 
neared  was  so  unutterablv  disgusting,  that  we 
pushed  it  off  again,  and  allowed  it  to  flout 
awav  down  witli  the  current. 

That  this  was  Sidhoo's  Mugger,  there  ooiUd 
be  no  doubt ;  for  he  waa  never  seen  or  heard 
of  in  the  neighbourhood  again. 


CHIPS. 

A  BOYAL  SFEBCB  BY  JAMES  THE  F1B9T. 

As  a  strong  contrast  to  the  Speech  from 
the  Throne,  mentioned  in  the  first  article  of 
this  Naml>er,  we  are  enabled  to  give — from  % 
pamphlet  which  has  iallen  into  our  hands — a 
eondenaed  report  of  a  speech  made  by  Her 
Majesty's  peaantic  ancestor^  James  the  First, 
on  the  2(»th  of  June,  1616,  It  was  delivered 
in  the  Star  Chamber,  on  the  ocotsion  of  the 
Judges  setting  out  on  their  several  circuitfiw 
The  report  was  dra^'u  up  by  Edward  Wake- 
man  from  his  own  notes  taken,  in  the 
Star  Chamber,  from  the  Boyal  lips.  He 
was  the  son  of  John  Wakeman,'£sq^  of  Beck- 
ford,  in  the  county  of  Glouoester ;  aud  a 
Barrister  of  the  Inner  Temple,  of  which 
Society  his  father  was  also  a  member.  The 
original  in  indorsed  in  the  father^s  hand- 
writing thus:— **7%<;  Kinoes  Speech  in  the 
Starrt  Ckaniber,  90^  Juf^  1616  taJten  by  Ned 
Wahiman.**  It  is  believed  that  no  report  of 
this  curious  specimen  of  Royal  eloquence  had 
ever  till  hitely  been  printed,  although  the  &ct 
of  James  the  First  having  delivered  a  ohai^ge 
to  the  judges  in  the  Court  of  Star  Chamber  haa 
not  entirdy  escaped  the  notice  of  historiaMi 

The  copy  now  before  us  was  recently 
printed  by  Thomas  Wakeman,  Esquire,  « 
Qraig,  near  Monmouth,  a  desc^idant  of  tho 
reporter. 

The  minutes  commence  by  stating  that  the 
King,  *'  in  the  beginnings  of  his  Speaehe  he  re- 
membred  a  peeoe  of  Da^es  Palmes  makeingo 
a  briefe  discourse  oonoemiiig  the  expodtion 


NATrONAI>BEBT  DOCTTOKS. 


545 


giroo  dii^wtioiM  lior  the  eaummation  of  tha  priostcs 
nmujninge  in  Wisbitcbe  Caatlo,  towardoB  wbotn 
Im  would  {iroeMdo  either  finToaiiblk  or  Hvtroly 
■oooidutg  as  tbey  g&To  him  oocaakm  by  thioyre 


k  The  lOng'fl  next  reoommendatiaa  to  the 
r Judges  has  been  imitated  rather  extensivelr 
in  modern  tiiuen,  Hia  suggestion  ^towchinge  * 
public  Mrorks  haa  been  BU[)era«<leil  by  the  fkr 
Ibm  Bgroeable  expedient  of  tolls  :-^ 

"  Next  of  idl  ho  comAnded  them  to  pull  doirno 
all  hoffsas  and  poor  cottages  for  jr*  he  as  woodes 
and  bnJtM  ore  the  dcnnes  and  KheltcrB  of  wUdo 
b«aatat»  mo  are  thew  places  the  receptodes  and 
Inridoge  holea  of  theeves,  drunkardes,  and  piU- 
pberinge  vagabonndas.  He  allsoe  wiUcd  them  to 
aee  the  lawes  and  Btatatca  sgoinHt  roagueinge 
beggan  put  in  due  eseentioa.  And  that  howaaa 
of  oorraction  ahonld  fior  that  purpose  be  oMctod 
and  majntnyned.  And  here  he  ioke  oocaaion  to 
ftftmtiMMMl  Juatiee  Pophara  of  whom  he  had  heardo 
rq^orted,  that  he  waa  aoe  ahajcpe  and  Bevcro 
■l^imt  Idle  penona,  that  there  waa  noe  like  thin^ 
aa  a  begser  in  all  Som'aetteshire  where  he  dweUt 
And  becauae  high  walea  and  bridgoa  <amongest 
other  thin^ea)  wera  of  great  necesitio  and  use  for 
his  subjccta,  he  gare  the  Judges  a  stricte  charge 
that  thej  should  eamestij  atirre  uppe,  and  com- 
pelle  the  people  to  the  meodinge  aud  maintayn- 
mgo  of  them,  addioge  fiorther  that  the  rvpayringe 
of  these  was  uone  of  the  meanest  worker  of  cbaritie 
and  therrforo  he  much  merveyled  that  there  have- 
inge  binoe  soe  much  given  towardcs  the  indowm^ 
of  hospttallsp  allmeahowaea.  and  the  like  (ainoe  hia 
fiiat  commge  to  the  orowne)  that  there  hath  binne 
■oe  Ittle  bestowed  to  these  usee." 

At  the  time  King  Jamea  spoke,  London 
oonaated  of  about  sixty  thousand  houses^  and 
a  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  inbuldtanta, 
instead  of  the  two  millions  and  a  quarter  which 
are  herded  within  its  boundanes  at  present. 
Altout  that  time  habit^tioDja  b^gan  to  l»e  built 
of  bricks  J  timber,  filled  up  with  jplaster, 
having  been  the  material  previously  in  xae, 
A  building  mania  appears  to  have  taken  pos* 
aeadon  or  the  Londoners;  and  King  James 
**  dldde  with  great  vehemencie  and  earnest* 
Heas  declare  himself  conceminge 

*  the  extiaordiuory  buyldinge  that  hath  of  late  timea 
binnQ  used  in  the  dltio  ami  anburfas  of  Loodoo, 
w*^  eacosstve  enhugem*  of  the  body  of  this  eittie 
would  (a.^  he  aaide)  in  time  teode  to  the  utter  ruine 
and  undiMiinge  of  the  eountrey  and  all  other  cittiea 
w**ia  the  reelme.  The  cawse  of  the  great  repajre 
and  accfflso  to  this  towne  he  aacribed  to  the  pride 
and  vanitie  ot  ladyes  and  geotlewoemen.  The 
•flbcts  whereof  (he  6^)  were  noe  lease  then  the 
beggennge  of  there  huaband^  the  loese  of  theyre 
owne  civddit  (capooially  in  younge  woemea  who 
while  tb^  come  hether  to  be  married  foraooth 
doe  but  marre  their  reputadon).  And  fioaUye 
the  impoT'ishinge  and  destruction  of  the  poore 
Oountrey  which  by  these  meones  is  foraokoa  and 
bereft  both  of  the  oompany  and  comfort  of  the 
batter  and  abler  make  of  people,  to  the  utter 
evthrowe  and  decaye  of  all  hoepitallitia  for  w** 
this  kmgdome  in  amident  time  hath  binne  re^ 
uowned  above  all  the  nations  of  the  earth  for  the 


prevention  of  w^  greai  nuadieifes  and  inconve* 
nioncea  he  a^  hiH  plsasure  waa  that  if  any  man 
went  abowt  or  presumed  to  builds  in  or  abowt  the 
ctttle  of  London  that  the  biuldor  together  w'^  his 
workemen  should  be  comitted  and  cast  iu  prusou 
and  the  buHdinge  ov'throwne  aud  abated.* 

Unhappy  Cobitts  and  Petos  of  the  aerea- 
tcenth  cjentmy ! 

King  James's  peroration  is  aa  simple  and 
concise  as  yiat  of  bis  succeaaor  Yictona : — 

"  Theae  he  a*  wore  the  same  of  those  tluoges 
w*^  he  had  at  this  time  intended  to  give  them  in 
charge  addinge  iixrthor  that  allthough  ho  had 
heretofore  binne  a  etiaunger  to  that  court  and 
place  (meanioge  the  Starnhchamber)  yet  ahould 
they  hereafter  enjoye  his  preeeooe  toero  more 
often." 

NATIONAl^DEBT  DOCTORS* 

Dr.  Pbicb,  in  the  prefiMje  to  his  obBerrationa 
on  ReverAonury  Payments  aa  a  means  of 
paying  off  the  National  Debt,  remarking  on 
the  prodi^oua  power  of  Compoxuid  Interest, 
statoi,  th&t  a  penny  so  Imprctved  from  our 
Sftviour*8  birth,  as  to  double  itself  every  foui*- 
teen  years — or  (which  is  nearly  the  same)  put 
out  to  five  per  cent,  compound  interest — 
would  in  seventeen  hundred  and  seventy-three 
years,  have  increased  to  more  money  than 
would  be  contained  in  one  hundred  and  fifty 
millions  of  globes,  each  equal  to  the  earth  in 
ma^itudef  and  all  solid  gold  ! 

Mr.  Morgan,  a  profound  arithmetician,  in 
checking  tuis  astounding  calculation,  dis- 
covered one  of  those  errors  which  are  meaJQt 
— while  Msifying  details— to  verify  the  general 
principle.  A  penny  ao  improved  at  compound 
mterest,  aa  to  double  itself  in  fourteen  years, 
would  have  accumuhUeti  on/y,  Mr.  Morgan 
declare  to  one  hundred  and  seven  millions 
of  golden  globes;  or  forty-three  millions  fewer 
than  Dr.  Price  computed !  However  correct 
theae  calculations  may  be,  they  bring  to  the 
mind  of  those  who  have  no  brains  lor  com- 
plex maases  of  figures,  the  chronological 
computations  quot^  by  Chevreau  in  his 
''Histoire  du  Monde,**  a  couple  of  quarto 
volumes  published  in  1686.  One  of  them 
gives  as  the  result  of  a  bewildering  complexity 
of  calculations,  the  precsise  dxiy  and  moment 
at  which  the  world  was  created.  The  calcu- 
lator asserts, "  without  fear  of  contradiction," 
(for  who  is  to  check  his  astro-chronological 
computation  ?)  that  this  great  globe  was 
created  *'on  Friday  afternoon,  the  6th  of 
September,  at  four  oVLx-k  preciaelv." 

The  Cockers,  WalkLngames,  and  De  Mor- 
gans of  Chevi^au's  time  h&d  no  practical 
subject  on  which  to  expend  their  aritnmetioal 
fanaticism.  They,  happy  people,  hinl  no 
National  Debt.  M,odem  cjpherera,  on  the 
contrary,  need  not,  like  them,  wear  out  their 
slates  and  blunt  their  pencils  with  calcula- 
tions of  a  purely  speculative  character.  Hia 
late  Mjyeaty  King  William  the  Third  set 
them  that  very  large  sum^the  National  Debt, 


6ir> 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


'i 


To  do  them  juRtioe,  they  have  been  working 
At  it  ever  siiice,  The  Uak  of  finding  out 
A  way  of  clearing  oif  tHie  National  Debt  by 
Iiie«Ji8  of  the  arithmetift  Iaws  applicable  to 
compound  interest,  have  fa«ciiiate<l  financial 
mthufliaflts,  including  Dr.  Price  and  Mr. 
Morgan,  from  the  daye  of  it«  imposition  to 
that  on  which  we  write  these  linca.  The 
lat'Cst  is  from  a  oomspotidetit  of  our 
own : —  - 

"  One  i)oimd  sterling,  per  annum,  kept  at 
compomni  interest,"  sayn  our  friend!,  ''at  the 
rate  of  three  per  cent,  per  annum,  would 
give,  in  fifty-eight  yeara,  167^. ;  in  aixty-four 
yeara,  195^. ;  in  wventy-three  years,  2Cw. ;  in 
eighty*five  yeara.  394/, ;  in  one  hundred  and 
Boven  yeara,  790/, ;  and  in  one  hundred  and 
twenty-nine  years,  \5G2l.  The  debt  at  present 
itauds  at  about  780  millions  of  Dounds 
sterling  j  consequently  fifty-eight  yearly  pay- 
ments of  five  millions  of  jjounaa  each,  with  the 
interest  accruing  thereon,  at  the  rate  of  three 
Ther  cent,  per  annum,  would,  at  par,  pay  it  off. 
Sixty *fom*  payments  of  four  millions  each; 
eeventy-tbree  of  three  millions  each  ;  eifjhty- 
five  of  two  milHona  each  ;  one  hundred  and 
suvwi  of  one  million  each  ;  or  one  hundred  and 
twenty-nine  of  half  a  million  each  ;  would  ac- 
complish the  same  object,  in  the  renpective 
nuniber  of  yean.  Taking  the  interest,  as 
now  piud,  at  twenty-eight  milliona  a  year, 
the  aggregate  sums  i-equired  to  be  j>&id  by 
the  public,  in  taxes,  to  cover  the  chaise  would 
be,  respectively,  vis  .•— ^ 

In    fifl     M      78     66     107kndlnlS9    youti. 


1894  1T9S  WM  8960  S»M 
90    S06    119    ITD    107 


Total  1M4  »MS  398S  flfiM  3100 


:i61S 
_«* 

a076i   mUllont 
showing  a   difference 


of  pounda.  sterling; 

between  the  first  and  last  periods  of  1762^ 
xnillions ;  and,  if  interest  were  taken  into 
acooiintj  thd  difference  would  amount  to  the 
«&ormoiiB  sum  of  98,263  millions. 

"  Leaving  interest,  however,  out  of  the  calcu- 
lation, and  tidcing  two  milliona  as  the  sum  to 
be  applied  annuiUly,  for  the  purpose  indicated, 
it  appeal's  tliat  the  debt  could  be  totally 
extinguished  in  eighty-five  years,  at  a  cost 
to  the  public  of  2550  millions;  or  170 
milliona  more  than  the  amount  of  the  in- 
terest, which  under  any  circumstance^  sort 
of  repudiation  or  national  bankruptcy,  must 
be  paid. 

**  I  now  mention  the  proposal  made  in  Par- 
liament last  session,  that  two  millions  a  year 
should  be  applied  to  the  reduction  of  the  debt ; 
to  contrast  the  one  plan  with  the  other. 
Two  milliona  a  vear  applied  simply  to  the  re- 
duction of  the  debt,  would  not  accomplish  its 
extinction  in  leae  than  390  years,  at  a  coat  of 
7125  millions  (exclusive  of  interest,  which  I 
bave  not  been  at  the  trouble  of  calculating, 
but  which  would  amount  to  an  **  appalling^- 
sum) ;  and  in  eighty-five  years  it  would  only 
be    reduced  to  the  extent  of  17a  millions, 


(the  saving  in  tntfirest  being  about  &X/Jtl 
pounds  a  year) ;  thus  laannc^  t  V         -^Ty, 
the  end  of  the  period  named,  •  us 

debt,  and  still  subject  to  the  ^.^^...  uaai| 
of  22  millions  for  mterest*' 


or  r-Tin-vjni 


A  CINNAMON  GABDEN. 

Thk    Engliskman  sips   his    oofitee^  esjn 

sugar  in  his  tea,  and  spices  in  bis  patfi 
wondering  why  snch  things  are  not  chiaapa 
and  picturing  Indian  pknters  us  priooos^i 
white  calico  and  straw  hAta,  havtag  Hti 
else  to  do  than  to  smoke  hookAhi^  drk 
brandy-pawney,  and  pocket  their  gipa,  j 
trip  to  some  of  the  coffee,  lagrar 
estates  in  Ceylon,  would  at  < 
imaginary  picture;  none  uf  it 
have  mentioned  grow  indigenoiui  » 
trouble,  as  a  ^'^Bit  to  the  Kadi.*raiu 
Gardens  would  show. 

Before,  however,  we  start  for  tfaei&y  U  M 
be  as  weU  to  mention  that  the  itroomlie  ^ 
called  cinnamon,  is  the  inner  bark  of  i 
Laurtu  Cinnamami^  abeautifnl  trp^attBiBJ] 
the  sixe,  and  something  the  appearaaos  o 
moderately  large  pear-tree.  To  prod  use  i 
bark — such  as  is  required  for  |»urpc«es 
commerce — ^the  tree  must  be  felled,  and  I 
root  forced  to  grow  in  shoota, 
smooth.  These  being  cut  wIma 
months  or  two  years  old,  a  firaah  ann^ 
young  fldcki  rapidly  appeiu-  aller  the  t 
rains.  A  cinnamon  planUitton,  ihere/on, 
in  reality  a  paivlen,  and  not  a  f«  •! fsL 

The  Enghah  Goven  *       -an 

mon  plantations  in  i 
aggregate  about  tweh 
have  myirly  aU  been  :^ 
some  of  whom  aUow 
much  neglected  ;  others  k  • 
of  hi^h  culti\'ation.     It  iw  > 
descnption,   managed  by    ili< 
firm,  of  Ackland,  Boyd  and    ' 
about  to  proceed.     TTiey  wBre 
part  proprietors  of,  some  three  i 
of  cinnamon  land,  most  of  which  1 1 
rani,  aoyr  Negombo,  a  town    al 
miles   distance  from  ColombOi,    on    ui<   ■ 
coasL 

The  whole  of  the  Coylon  ooaai  is  kw  m 
sandy,  and  geneialtT  favotunble  for  the 
of  cinnamon,  which  flouriahea   in  a  hiit 
damp  atmosphere,  such  aa  is  iL  I 

get  to  Negombo,  the  most  plecL  i 

fatiguing  mode  is  by  a  native  covri«U  ci 

alou);;  the  old  Dutch  canal,  :^  small  rH 
which  the  Dutch  deepened^  so  as  t<)  admil< 
loaded  l>oats  passing  at  all  tixuea*  A 
canoe  is  as  light  as  the  truuk  of  a 
can  be  made  by  ^gjng  out  t^  _  _ 
Stretched  at  full  length  on  the  xuattsrf^sdl, 
watched  the  two  boatmea  batil  \n  Ibsir  laauJ 
rush  bag  of  toba^»oi,  ja«;gBi7»  luid  hiotpMEn  i 
kind  of  light  cakes),  andprooeecL  to  bout  U 
enomiouH  sail,  held  in  its  place  hy  htige  fail 


10 


A  C^emAMON  QAKDEBf. 


booo.  No  sooner  wns  this  done,  thjui  the  little 
eancHj  botmdtxJ  off  im  swiA^ly  sod  noisele^aly  ma 
a  deer ;  the  breeze  was  tkir,  And  the  wjuler 
smooth  00  a  mirror.  If  anything  can  tranA- 
pori  one  in  imagiuatioo  to  fairy  laDd,  it  ia  to 
be  wafted  along  id  a  QngaleM  omoe,  with 
its  bettnlifully-t47m^p,nreDt  tAJll  sail,  floating 
iauntily  taaumgH  groves  of  wild,  siraa^e- 
luokiQg  trees,  which  nearly  always  fiiugte  Uie 
bankB  of  tropical  rirers ;  and,  catch  ooca- 
sioDally  the  gorgeous  rayB  of  the  sun  amidst 
the  dark,  clufiteriBg  foliage.  Tlie  (an^* 
or  river  U  m  wisdii]^  aa  a  serpent,  and 
many  places  so  narrow,  that  the  baml>« 
most  ^ve  a  panting  greeting  to  clusteni  of 
flowering  Bhmbs  that  bloBaomed  on  the  cool 
bonks.  4 

The  liikc  of  Negombo,  a  fine  sheet  of 
water,  was  soon  cromed,  and  landing  at  a 
little  tope  of  coooa-nut  trees,  I  procured 
one  of  the  common  bullock-haokenes  of  the 
omintry,  and  made  the  best  of  my  way  to  the 
gardens. 

A  flret  gUnoe  at  the  cinnamon  plantations 
at  Eaderani  showed  that  drainage  had  been 
well  seen  to.  Hiis  is  a  very  important 
matter ;  for,  although  heat  and  moiittiire 
are  both  essential  to  the  full  development 
of  the  spice,  stagnant  water  injures  its 
5avoui-,  The  natives  jmy  but  little  atten- 
tion to  this,  nor  to  removing  the  yourt^ 
sticks  before  the  bark  thickens  too  much ; 
benoe  the  marked  inferiority  of  all  native- 
grown  chinamon. 

Arrived  at  the  gnperintendent's  bungalow, 
a  breakfast  of  Bsh,  eggs,  and  curry  was  soon 
■erred  np,  and  tinished^th  a  bottle  of  All-sop's 
Piale  Ale  ;  for  be  it  known  that  the  dirty  thick 
liquid  sei-ved  out  as  oo^ee  by  the  Cingalese, 
is  not  drinkable  by  one  Boropean  in  a 
doten  ;  aithongh  it  might  have  been  expected 
that  the  island  which  produces  the  berry  in 
£nch  almndatioe  should  also  famish  the 
l>everage  of  fair  quality.  Breakfiist  over,  I 
proceeded,  with  my  host,  to  inspect  the 
^  works"  or  "  peeliDg-houaea." 

In  former  da}*a,  both  under  the  Dutch  and 
English  Governments,  the  cultivation,  as  well 
»M  the  aftei'  ^re^jaratiou  of  the  spice,  was  ex- 
^lufiively  carried  on  by  one  particular  caste  of 
Ongalesc,  called  *"  Chalia^'*  who  had  head- 
men,  or  petty  chie&,  of  various  grades  placed 
over  them,  belonging  to  their  own  body.  This 
syHtem  is  now  partly  changed,  and  the  pre- 
paration of  the  V»ark  is  alone  carried  on  by 
the  "  Chalias,"  lliis  bein^  their  hereditary 
occupation,  they  are,  as  might  be  expecteo, 
remarkablyezpertin  their  operations.  Having 
spent  two  days  amooflBt  these  Pleeleta,  I  was 
enabled  to  waich  uie  whole  process  of 
cropping,  in  the  varioua  stages,  from  the  green 
fltiek  to  the  beontifiilly  yellow  pipe  of  pre- 
pared spioe,       • 

The  «*  Chalias  **  are  assembled  at  break  of 
day  in  ganga  of  thirty,  with  a  "  Ganghan,"  or 
native  overseer  of  field  work,  over  eack  All 
are  armed  with  a  sharp,  light  bill-hook,  or 


"  cattle,-*  and  a  stout  cord  t' 

when  cut.     The    £uropi.i 

having  seen   each   ganjj;    f< 

aecompanies  them  to  tli*. 

the  day's  cutting,  to  v,'}i' 

good  order:   eacli  p^ 

at  a  signal  from  the  ^- 

lo  the  number  of  perlmpif  Lwu  liuudred,  r-u«h 

amongst  the  bushes,  **  cattle  "  iii  liaiul^  with 


Joud  about ^ 
destruotioij 


era,   and    the   work  of 
-.  in  good  cameaU    Tlie 

Uni  to  rJnK  4]iiHri<ity  of 

.  --  e'i.i:ii  ijUl'  :--  '   ■       '  Mre  a 
}.'  of  sticks,     A  straL  his 

!.«•  "'P  of  men  ruahiug  111  (he 

plauta^iaii,  flourishing  their  sLitip,  t^liining 
weiiiwiis  above  their  heads,  with  their  long 
black  hair  floating  over  their  shoulders, 
might  ^Lsily  fancy  they  were  in  pursuit  of 
wild  animals,  or  about  to  attack  some  hidden 
extemy.  Very  soon,  however,  the  shouting 
ceases ;  not  a  sound  is  heard,  save  the  sharp 
click  of  the  "catties"  against  the  tender 
green  sticks,  which  may  be  seen  toppling  over 
in  jdl  directions.  By  ten  or  eleven  o'clock 
the  peelers  had  cut  suificient  cinnamon  to 
occupy  them  in  the  barking  process  for  the 
remainder  of  the  day ;  and,  having  collected 
idi  their  sticks  in  bundles,  they  proceeded  to 
the  '*  ptseliiig-house."  Arrived  tbere»  not  a 
moment  was  lost :  the  heav>'  buitdle  is  flung 
upon  the  floor  of  the  vei-auda,  and  the 
^  Chaliss,"  having  hastily  drank  off  the  milky 
juice  of  a  coooa-nut^  and  wiped  the  pei^apira- 
tion  from  their  foreheads,  seated  themselves 
cross-legged  on  a  rush  mat  j  and,  with  a  curi- 
ously-shaped little  knife,  proceeded  to  strip 
the  tender  bark.  It  is  scarcely  to  be  beheved 
how  rapidly  barking  is  performed.  The  little 
knife  is  hrst  run  down  the  stick  on  two 
opposite  sidea^  firom  end  to  end,  and  then,  by 
inserting  the  instrument  at  the  thick  fiart, 
between  the  bark  and  the  stick,  and  ruuuing 
it  quickly  along,  with  a  twisting  motion,  the 
long  Blip  of  fine  bai'k  falls  off,  without  a  slit 
or  l>leniiah,  an  object  very  deairal>le  il'  the 
quality  be  in  other  respects  fine.  When  the 
sticks  are  all  stripped  they  are  of  no  further 
use. 

On  the  morning  of  the  second  day  the  scene 
was  of  a  more  lively  ch^^cter.  The  wives 
and  children  of  the  peelers  again  flocked  to  the 
poeling^house ;  and,  seated  in  rows,  commenced 
scraping  oS  the  green  cuticle  from  tbe  iitjaps 
of  bark  slips,  which  are  broueht  to  them  by 
the  younger  ohildrenj,  who  also  remove  the 
scraped  spice  to  the  men.  These  begin  by 
assorting  them  into  three  ijualities,  according 
to  thinness  of  bark  and  bnghtnt^ss  of  colour ; 
the  shorter  pieces  of  each  land  are  set  aside, 
to  be  placed  in  tlie  interior  of  the  pipe,  whilst 
the  longest  are  placed  outaide.  The  piping, 
or  qiullmg,  then  commences,  and  by  duxtetvus 
management,  the  peeler  so  selects  the  bark, 
that  very  little  cutting  at  the  ends  is  required 
to  form  them  into  the  proper  length.    The 


M8 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


mnWs  are  made  into  uniform  lengths  of  three 
ieet  and  a  halC,  and  thi'ee  layers  of  the  bark, 
or  quiU,  ijiaide  each  other.  The  greatest 
Tigilaooe  of  the  supeiinteodeDt  and  his  native 
mdatants,  is  needed  in  this  stage  of  the  pro- 
cess I  for  much  of  the  valae  of  the  spice 
depends  upon  the  proper  division  into  qualities, 
and,  not  leas,  upon  the  rejection  of  all  vety 
cioarsG  pieces  ;  for  it  is  to  the  interest  of  the 
peelera — who  are  paid  by  the  weight — that  aa 
mach  as  possible  of  the  thick  be  placed  in  the 
quills ;  but  the  master's  interest  requires  that 
as  little  as  poftfdble  should  be  so  hidden.  The 
experiment  was  once  made  of  paying  the 
"  Ohalias  "  by  the  day,  with  a  vie  w  of  securing 
better  work,  but  so  little  was  there  done  in 
twelve  hours,  that  it  would  have  been  ruinous 
to  have  continued  the  systtjoi-  I  n  active 
**  Chalia^"  assisted  hy  his  wife  and  iiiild,  will 
prepare  one  hundred  pounds  of  ajice  in  a 
month,  which  t^HU  pi-oduce  him  one  pound 
seventeen  and  sixpence,  or  seven  pouuda  for 
the  season,  if  of  four  months.  Upon  this  they 
will  idle  away  the  rest  of  the  year,  though  in 
some  few  cases  other  trifling  occupations  are 
followed. 

The  bark  having  a  natural  tendency  to 
curl  up,  requires  but  little  rollui^  ;  and,  when 
made  up  on  the  second  day,  the  pipes  are 
laid  out  singly  upon  cords  stretched  across 
the  upper  part  of  the  building.  There  they 
remain  for  two  days,  when  they  undergo  a 
little  more  rolling  up,  or  "  handling,"  and 
are  placed  on  stands  outside,  exposed  to  the 
action  of  the  hot  air,  but  carefiiUy  shel- 
tered by  cocoa-nut  leaves  from  the  rays  of 
the  sun. 

Three  orfour  days  of  this  open-air  drying  will 
generally  suffice.  I'he  pip^s  are  then  piled  up  on 
ught  stands  of  wood  for  a  week  or  two,  when 
they  are  weighed  and  jiaid  for.  Each  party  of 
"  Chalias  "  keep  their  cuttings  separate  ;  and  a 
good  dtal  of  eraulatioa  often  arises  amongst 
them  as  to  who  shall  turn  out  the  greatest 
qujintity  of  the  finest  kind,  called  *^  first 
»ortr 

In  the  peeling-house  which  I  inspected,  the 
utmost  order  and  decorum  prevaded ;  not  a 
vrord  was  allowed  to  be  spoken  by  the  work- 
people. The  various  headmen,  clad  in  long 
whit©  robeSj  and  with  Mgh  combs  in  their 
hair,  passed  on  from  one  peeler  to  another  in 
silence,  ^)ointinig  with  the  finger  to  any  defec- 
tive work.  The  only  di-awback  to  the  agree- 
able features  of  the  scene,  was  an  old,  gaunt 
Malay,  with  musket  on  shoulder,  who  paced 
the  length  of  the  building  in  ^m  dignity,  to 
enforce  order,  if  necessary,  and  to  prevent  pil- 
fering. Still,  altogether  it  was  a  pleasing 
sight ;  and  I  could  not  but  conti-ast  tne  well- 
ordei'ed,  bosiness-like  mode  of  work  piinined 
here,  with  the  uproar  and  confusion  I  wit- 
nessed the  following  day  in  a  peeling-house 
on  a  native  property,  where  all  api>eared  to 
be  masters. 

The  after-processes  of  assortment,  packing, 
and  baking,  are  cai-ried  on  in  the  Colombo 


establishments ;  as  is  also  the  distiUat 
the  essential  oil  of  cinnamon  from  the 
and  rejected  pieciss  of  biirk. 

THE  STOBY  OF  GIOVANNI 

One  day  in  the  beginning  of  the 
Mr,  Salt}  whose  name  has  since 
celebrated  amongst  the  diseovererB  of  K^ 
antiquities,  observed  before  one  of  tli< 
rooms  of  Edinburgh,  a  great  crowd 
bled.    For  almost  every  one  there 
mysterious    attraction    in    the    bi/^ 
number  of  people,  and  Mr.  Salt>  no 
his  neighbours,  pushed  his  way,    wl 
doors  were  opened,  into  thft  room.     "^ 
a  sort  of  stage,  he  saw  a  tall  and  poi 
built    youn^  man,  performing 
nastic  exercises,  and  feats  of  strc 
this  Hercules  in  tinsel  was  lifting 
weights,  and  jumping  from  a  talde 
heads  of  twelve  men,  a  pretty,  delicate-l< 
young  womsA,  waa  arranging  some  h  vilratLl 
machines  and  musical  glasses^  with  wLl 
entert^nmeat  was  to  terminate.    As 
of  admission  was  nominal,  she  oc( 
also  handed  round  a  small  wooden 
order  to  collect  gratuities  from 
tators. 

Very  few  of  those  who  were 
exhibition  gave    anjlhing ;    and    w! 
young    woman    approached    her     hi 
and  showed    him    the    few  coins 
received,  he  hastened  to  terminate  hi 
formancti.    Mr.  Salt  pitied  the  poor 
and  as  the  young  woman  was 
to  her, 

"  You  forgot  to  present  your  bowl 
contribution. — Here  it  is," 

He  slipped  a  silver  coin  into  lier 
Both  she  and  her  husband  thanked  hii 
wai-mly  ;  the  latter  in  bixjken  Knglidh,  an 
with  an  Italian  accent. 

Mr.  Salt,  who  had  but  just  returned  irm 
Rome,  replied  in  Italian  ;  and,  perceiving  j 
the  stranger  s  manner  of  expresang  himae 
a  degree  of  re&iement  not  to  be  ezpecte 
from  a  mountebank,  asked  him  wheuoe  li 
Cfune,  and  what  was  his  history  1 

"  Six  mouths  agOj  air,"  replied  the  man,  ** 
any  one  had  told  me  that  I  should  be  reduce 
to  earn  my  bread  by  exhibiting  my  sti 
iu  public,  I  should  have  felt  greatly  incli 
knock    him  down.    I  came  to  Enghuul| 
the  nurpose  of  making  known  some  hydi 
machines  of  my  invention  ;    but  the   spin 
of  routine,  and  the  love  of  ignorance,  cloa«4 
every  avenue  gainst  me.    Previously,  befbi^ 
losing  all   my  hopes  of   success,  I 
this  young  girl     Had  I  been  alone  ii 
world,  I  verily  believe  that  the  bitter 
tion  of  my  exjpectations  wouM  ha^-e  renc 
me  careless  of  supporting  life  ;  but  how 
I  leave  her  in  misery  1 " 

"  But  why  not  try  to  dispUy  your  rcnUj 
extraordinary  strength  and  dexterity  imdei 


QujIh  I)k1taw.1 


THE  STORY  OF  GIOVANNI  BEI^ONT, 


549 


more  favourable  circumstances  1  Why  do 
/ou  not  offer  yonr  servioea  to  some  theatrical 
manager  T  ^* 

"Hunffry  people,  sir,  cannot  wait.  I  did 
not  thinK  or  resortiuc  to  this  method  of 
earning  a  piece  of  breaS,  until  I  saw  my  wife 
ready  to  j^Hsh  for  the  want  of  it," 

The  kmd  Mr.  Salt  not  only  relieved  his 
immediate  wanta^  but  offereil  to  recommend 
and  hw  wife  to  tiie  maunder  of  AsUey^e 
ircus,  in  London.  Gfttt<?fully  and  eagerly 
d  the  wanderers  accept  thb  offer ;  and 
hile,  in  company  with  their  benefactor,  who 
for  their  places  on  the  coach,  they 
yed  towanis  town,  the  man  related  his 
Born  at  Padua,  tlie  eon  of  a  poor 
barber,  and  one  of  fourteen  children,  Giovanni 
Battista  Behsoni  felt  from  hia  earliest  youth  a 
longing  desire  to  visit  foreign  lands.  This 
truant  disposition  **  was  fostered,  if  not 
Caused,  by  the  stories  of  maritime  adventurer 
Id  him  i)y  an  old  sailor ;  who  was  strongly 
•uspected  of  having,  during  many  yeare,  prae- 
tiaed  the  profi^siou  of  a  pirate. 

The  reading,  or  rather  devouring,  of  a  trans- 
lated copy  of  **  Itolnnson  Crusoe  *'  (miA  it  is 
a  most  remarkable  circumstance  that  the  book 
which  has  for  its  avowed  purpose  the  dis- 
heartening  of  restle^  adventurers,  should 
have  made  wander^ re  and  voyagers  innu- 
merable,) gave  form  and  fibcednees  to  his 
pur|K>se  of  rambling  ;  and,  in  company  with 
Ilia  youngest  brother,  the  boy  set  out  one 
fine  morning,  without  any  intention  but 
the  somewhat  vague  one  of  "  travelling  to 
k  their  fortune,"  Tlie  young  fugitives 
Iked  icveral  miles,  without  knowing,  in 
%he  least,  whither  they  were  going,  when 
a  pedlar,  who  was  riding  slowly  by  in  a 
cart,  accosted  them^  and  asked  if  they  were 
going  to  Ferrara.  Belzoni,  although  he 
never  heard  the  name  before,  immediately 
wered  in  the  affirmative.  The  gootl- 
tured  merchant,  pleased  with  the  conn- 
nances,  and  pitying  the  tired  lookj  of  the 
kildren,  not  only  gave  them  a  place  in  hia 
vehicle,  but  shared  with  them  hia  luncheon  of 
ta^ead,  cheese,  and  fruit.  That  night  they 
c>ccupied  part  of  their  companion's  lodging  ; 
but  next  day,  as  his  business  recpiired  him 
to  atop  at  the  village  where  they  slept,  the 
two  boys  took  leave  of  him,  and  pursued  their 
journey.  Their  next  adventure  was  not  »o 
fortunate.  Meeting  an  empty  return  carriage, 
they  asked  the  vctturino  to  give  them  a  ride  ; 
and  he  consenting,  they  joyfully  got  in. 
Arrived  at  Fernira,  the  vetturino  aakcS  them 
for  money.  Giovanni,  aatoulshed,  replied  that 
they  had  none ;  and  the  unfeeUng  man  stripped 
the  poor  children  of  their  upper  garments, 
leavmg  them  half  naked  and  penniless  in  the 
streets  of  im  unknown  city.  Giovanni*s  un- 
damital  spirit  would  have  led  him  still  to 
ijertevere  in  the  wild-goose  chase'  which  had 
lured  him  from  hi  a  home  ;  but  his  brother 
Antonio  wept,  and  comulained  so  loudly,  that 
he  wna  ihin  to  console  tne  child  by  oonsent'mg 


to  retr«ce  their  steps  to  Padua.  That  night, 
clanped  in  each  other's  anuM,  they  slept 
beneath  a  dfjorway  and  the  next  moniiug 
set  out  for  their  native  city,  begging  their  food 
on  the  journey. 

The  severe  chantiflemeQt  which  Giovanni, 
ss  the  instigator  of  this  escapa^le^  received  on 
his  return,  did  not  in  anywise  cure  his  love  of 
rambling.  He  submitted,  however^  to  learn 
bis  father  B  trade,  and  at  the  a^^e  of  eighteen, 
armed  with  shavinct  and  hair-cutting  imple* 
ments,  he  set  ont  lor  Home,  and  there  ex- 
ercised the  occupation  of  a  barljer  with 
success.  After  some  time,  he  became  deeply 
attached  to  a  girl  who,  after  encouraging 
his  addresses,  deaerted  him  and  married  a 
wealthy  rival  This  disapijointment  preyed 
BO  deeply  on  BehBoni,  that,  renouncing  at  the 
same  time  love  and  the  razor,  the  world  and 
the  brazen  bowl  of  suds,  he  enteretl  a  convent, 
and  became  a  Capuchin.  The  leimure  of  the 
cloister  was  employed  by  him  in  the  study  of 
hydi"aulics  ;  and  he  was  busy  in  o  i.,' 

an  Artesian  well  within  the  m* 
dncts  when  the  French  array  luivin  i^.ij«j- 
leon  took  poBsession  of  Bouie.  Tlie  monks  of 
every  order  were  expelled  and  dispersed ; 
and  our  poor  Capuchin,  obliged  to  cut  his 
own  beard,  purchased  once  more  the  imple- 
ment-s  of  liis  despised  caliing,  and  travelled 
into  Holland,  the  nead-quarters  of  hydraulics, 
which  were  still  his  passion.  The  Dutch  did 
not  eocourage  him,  and  he  came  to  this 
country.  Here  he  met  his  future  wife, 
and  conaoled  himself  for  his  past  misfor- 
tunes by  marrying  one  who  proved,  through 
weal  and  woe,  a  fond  and  faithful  partner. 
The  crude  hydraulic  inventions  of  a  wandering 
Italian  were  as  little  heeded  here,  as  on  the 
Continent ;  and  we  have  already  seen  the 
expedient  to  which  Behsoni  was  obtigeii  to 
have  recourse  when  Mr.  Salt  met  him  in 
Edinburgh. 

Having  reached  London,  the  kind  antiquary 
introduceid  hia  proti^ii  to  the  manager  of 
Astley  V  The  practised  eye  of  the  renowned 
equeatrian  inuned  lately  anpredated  at  their 
value  the  beauty  and  athletic  vigour  of  the 
Faduan  GoUath ;  and  he  engar^ed  Iwth  him  and 
his  wife  at  a  liberal  salary.  He  caused  a  piece 
entitled  "  The  twelve  laboura  of  Herculea  "  to 
be  arranged  expressly  for  his  new  performers , 
and  Mr.  Salt  nad  soon  afterwaraa  the  satis- 
faction of  seeing  Giovanni  Belzoni  appear 
on  the  i^tage,  carrying  twelve  men  on  his 
arms  and  shoultlers,  while  Madame,  in  the 
costume  of  Cupid,  stood  at  the  top,  aa  the 
apex  of  a  pyramid,  and  wavea  a  tiny 
crimson  flag. 

After  some  time,  Mr.  Salt  went  to  Euypt  as 
consul,  and  there  became  acquainted  with 
Signer  iJrouetti.  The  two  friends,  equally 
euthusiastic  on  the  subject  of  Egyptian  anti- 
quities, set  to  work  to  prosecute  researches, 
with  an  ardour  of  n\Tilship  which  ap- 
proached somewhat  too  nearly  to  jealousy, 
fcvch  aspired  to  undertake  the  boldeet  expe- 


550 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


dltion^  and  to  atxempt  the  most  hazard- 
ous excavations.  But  the  great  object  of 
their  aniV>itioii  was  an  enonnous  bust  of 
Mcmiion,  in  rose-coloured  granite,  "which  lay 
liolf  buried  in  the  sand  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  NUe. 

Signer  Dronetti  had  failed  in  all  his  attempts 
to  raise  it,  nor  wor  Mr.  Salt  a  whit  more 
sucoeasfiiL  One  day,  while  the  latt«r  was 
thinkiiig  what  a  pity  it  was  that  such  a 
prwcious  monument  should  be  left  to  jwrish 
ty  decay,  a  stranger  asked  to  sneuk  with 
hiiu.  ]^Ir.  Salt  desired  him  to  oe  admit- 
ted ;  and  iraroediat^ly,  despite  hia  visitor's 
oriental  garb  and  loii^  beard,  he  recognised 
the  Hercules  of  Astley  s. 

*•  What  has  brought  yon  to  Egyipt  X  **  aaked 
the  afitoniahed  consuL 

"  You  shall  hear,  air,"  replied  the  Italian. 
**  After  having  completed  my  encragement  in 
Loudon,  I  set  out  for  liabon,  where  I  was 
employed  by  the  manager  of  the  theatre 
of  San  Cm'lo  to  perform  the  part  of  Sam- 
son, in  a  Scriptural  piece  which  had  beeen 
arranged  expreaflly  for  me.  From  thence  I 
went  to  Madrid,  where  I  appeared  with  ap- 
plause in  the  theatre  Delia  Puerta  del  SoL 
After  having  collected  a  tolerable  Bum  of 
money,  I  resolved  to  come  here.  My  first 
object  is  to  induce  the  Paslia  to  adopt  an 
hydraulic  machine  for  ndsing  the  waters  of 
the  Nile." 

Mr.  Salt  then  explained  his  wishes  respect- 
LQg  the  antiquities;  but  Belzoni,  could  not. 
he  said,  enter  upon  that  till  he  bad  carried 
out  his  scheme  of  waterworks* 

He  wafl  accompanied,  he  said  in  continuar 
tion,  by  Mrs.  Belaconi,  and  by  an  Irish  lad  of 
the  name  of  James  Curtain ;  and  had  reached 
Alexandria  just  aji  the  plague  was  beginning 
to  disappear  from  that  city,  as  it  always  does 
on  the  approach  of  St.  John's  day,  when,  as 
almost  everyboily  knows,  "  out  of  respect  for 
the  saint,"  it  entirely  ceases.  The  state  of  the 
cotijitry  was  still  very  alarming,  yet  Mr.  Bel- 
zoni and  hia  little  ^rart^  ventured  to  hujJ,  and 
performed  quarantine  m  the  French  quarter  ; 
where,  thoiigh  really  very  unwell,  they  were 
wise  enough  to  disguise  their  situation  ;  "  for 
the  plague  is  so  dreadful  a  scourge,"  he  ob- 
served, '*  and  operates  so  powerfully  on  human 
feai*s  and  human  prejudices,  that,  during  its 
prevalence,  if  a  man  be  iU,  he  must  be  Ql  of 
the  plague,*and  if  he  die,  he  must  have  died  of 
the  plague." 

Belzoni  went  straight  to  Cairo,  where  he 
was  well  received  by  Mr,  Baghoa,  interpreter 
to  Mahommed  All,  to  whom  Mr.  Salt  re- 
commended, hiuL  Mr.  Baghoa  immediately 
m-epared  to  introduce  him  to  the  Pasha,  that 
he  might  come  to  some  arrangement  respect- 
ing the  hyilraulic  machine,  which  he  pro- 
posed to  construct  for  watering  the  gardens  of 
the  seraglio.  As  they  were  proceeding  towards 
the  palace,  throii^h  one  of  the  principal 
streets  of  Cairo,  a  fanatical  Mussulman  struck 
Mr,  Belzoni  so  fiercely  on  the  leg  with  his 


staff,  that  it  tore  away  a  larre  r^^  *-•--•  "'' 
The   blow  was   severe,   and  ^i 

of  blood  copious,  and  he  was  ^        to 

conveyed   home,   where  he  reru.'vined  un-l 
cure   thirty   days    Ijefore  he    cottbl    sm 
himself  on  the  wounded  leg.     "Wlien 
leave   the  house,  he   was  prpT»**nt*wl 
Pasha,  who  received   him  ver  '*- 

on   being    told    of    the    mitt 
had    happened    to    him,   coui' 
with    coolly    obeervin^,    '*  thai 
dents  could  not  be  avoided  whui  e  Lbti 
troops." 

An  arrangement  wajaiminediatelj" 
for  erecting  a  machine  which  waa  to 
much  water  with  one  ox  as  the  ordinal 
do  with  four.    Mr,  Belzoni  so' 
ever,  tlutt  he  had   many   pn  , 
counter,  and  many  obstacles  to 
the  part  of  those  who  were  etni 
construction  of  the  work,  as  well 
who   owned  the  cattle  engaged    in 
water  for  the  Paaha's  garden^-     ^Hi* 
machine  which  had  been  s»^tjt  from 
taught  him  to  augur  no  good  for  t  h  ;if  wl 
had  undertaken  to  constructs 
most  costly  description,  ami   t 
to  perform  what  it  was  cal 
failed  to  answer  the  u  nrea 
of  the  Tarka,  —  because    "  1 1 
water   raised    by    it  was    n*.>'  -nl 

tnundate  the  whole  country  ui 
which  was  their  measure  oi  the 
English  water-wheel." 

When  that  of  Belzoni  was  oompletsi^! 
Paaha  proceeded  to  the  gardens  of  Souhetj 
witness  its  effect.    The  madaioe  wna  m( 
work,  and,  although  constructed  of 
terials,  and  of  iintikilful    worl 
powers  were  greater  thjm  had  beeo 
for ;  yet  the  Arabs,  from  intortsstad 
declared  against  it.     Tlie    P«»ha, 
thougli  evidentlv  disappoi » 
it  was  equal  to  four  of  tli« 
conaciiuentlv,    accorded  wiin    me   ;.    . 
Uuluckily,  )\e  took  it  into  hi^  head 
the  oxen  removed,  and,  **  by  way  of  BtoBt^ 
see  what  eifect  could  be  produce*!  by 
fifteen  men  into  the  wheeL      The  Ii 
got  in  with  them  ;  but  no   sooner 
wheel  be^un  to  tunx  than  the  AT:ab« 
out,  leaving  the  lad  alone  in  it. 
reheved  from  its  load,  flew  back 
velocitj',  that  poor  Curtain  was  ^ai^ 
in  the  fall  broKe  one  of  hia  tltic^h^  ; 
entangled  in  the  machincr  '  " 

babilitv,  have  lost  hia  111 
appliea  his  prodigious  sti 
and  stopped  it.  The  aavi 
fatal  to  ine  project  and  to 
the  projector. 

At  that  time  the  insolence  af  tk«  T^fl:^ 
officers  of  the  PashaUc  was  at  its  licij)^  vk^ 
the  very  sight  of  a  *'dog  of  a  Christiia^ 
mised  the  ire  of  the  more  bigoted  folkw«»  i 
the  Prophet.  While  at  &ubni,  which 
close  to  Cairo,  Belzoni  hud  a  tiarrow  lac^ 


Th« 


'M 


♦  rvof, 

^  1 ;c  hd^tlC 


Chcria  Dleuik«,j 


THE  STOmr  OF  GIOVANNI  BELZONL 


,    obfltt 


from  oasfUMiiiAtioiu  He  relates  tlie  adventiuv 
m  hifl  work  on  E^ypt  i~~ 

"■  Some  particukr  biuineia  caUing  mm  to 
Cairo,  I  was  on  my  ass  in  one  of  tbe  narrow 
atree^  where  I  met  a  loaded  camel.  The 
space  that  remained  between  the  camel  and 
the  wall  was  so  little,  that  I  could  acarcelj 
pttu  ;  and  at  that  moment  I  was  met  by  a 
BmbasM,  a  subaltern  officer,  at  the  head  of 
Kia  men.  For  the  Instant  1  was  the  only 
obstacle  that  prevented  his  proceeding  on 
'  e  road  ;  and  I  coutd  neither  retreat  nor 
round,  to  give  him  room  to  pass.  Seeing 

was  a  Frank  who  stopped  his  way^  he  ^Te 
me  a  Yiolent  blow  on  my  stomach,  rfot 
htmg  accustomed  to  put  up  with  such  sal  a* 
tatioDS,  I  returned  the  compliment  with  my 
whip  across  his  naked  shoulders.  Instantly 
he  took  his  pistol  out  of  his  belt ;  I  jumped  otf 
my  ass  ;  he  retired  about  two  yards,  pulled 
the  trigger,  fired  at  my  heiid,  singed  the  hair 
near  my  right  ear,  and  killed  one  of  bis  own 
8  I  '  ho,  by  this  time,had  oome  behind  me, 

t  :it  he  had  missed  his  aim,  he  took 

a  >LH.<u  i  pistol ;  but  his  own  soldiera  aasailed 
and  disArmcd  kiiii.  A  great  noise  arose  in  the 
street,  and,  vi»  it  happened  to  be  dose  to  the 
■eraglto  in  the  Esbaldey  some  of  the  guards 
ran  up  ;  but  on  seeing  what  the  matter  waa, 

ey   interfered  and    stopped   tiie   Binbaahi. 

thought  my  company  was  not  wanted,  so  I 
mounted  my  charger,  and  rode  off  I  went  to 
Mr.  Baghofli,  and  told  him  what  had  hapnened. 
We  repaired  immediately  to  the  citaael,  saw 
the  P^ha,  and  related  the  circumstanoe  to 
him.  He  was  much  concerned,  and  wished  to 
know  where  the  soldier  was,  but  observed, 
Hiat  it  wa&  to^j  lute  th&t  evening  to  have  hiiu 
taken  up.  HoweTer,  he  was  apprehended  the 
next  day,  and  I  never  heard  or  knew  any- 
thing  more  about  him.  Such  a  lesson  on  the 
subject  was  not  lost  upon  me ',  and  I  took 
good  care,  in  future,  not  to  give  the  least 
opportunity  of  the  kind  to  men  of  that  descrip- 
ti'Ui.  who  can  murder  an  £uropean  with  as 
(11  ih  indifference  as  they  wonld  kill  an 
iUBect" 

Butned  by  the  loss  of  all  his  savings,  whicli 
he  had  spent  in  the  conatruction  of  his  water 
machines,  Belzoui  once  more  applied  to  Mr. 
Salt,  and  undertook  the  furtherance  of  his 
lue,  to  oonvey  to  England  the  bust  of 
:*  1  1  anon.  So  eager  was  h^  that  the  same  day, 
the  It^iHau  set  out  for  the  ruins  of  Tbel>^ 
and  hired  a  huudred  natire&  whom  he  made 
clear  away  the  sand  >ihich  naif  covered  the 
Itone  colossus.  With  a  large  staff  in  hi^ 
hand,  Belzoni  commaiided  his  army  of  Mussul- 
men,  directed  their  labours,  astonished  them 
tWith  disntaya  of  hia  physical  strength,  learned 
speak  their  language  with  marvellous 
'ity,  and  speedily  came  to  be  regarded  by 
fhAm  as  a  superior  being,  endowed  with 
mtjdotl  power. 

One  day,  however,  his  money  failed  ;  and  at 
the  same  time  the  rising  of  the  Nile  destroyed, 

tWo  houra,  the  work  of  three  months.    The 


fiUahs  rebelled :  one  of  them  rushed  towards 
Belzoni,  intendinff^  to  strike  him  with  his 
dagger.  The  Italian  coolly  waited  bin  np* 
proach,  disarmed  him ;  and  then,  seiziuff  him 
ty  the  feet,  lifted  him  as  though  be  lirKriu  n-n 
a  hazel  wand,  and  began  to  inAh  .a 

blows  on  the  other  insuigenta  with  I 

and  extemporary  weapon  of  defence.  The 
lesson  was  oot  thrown  away :  very  speedily 
the  fiSah*  returned  to  their  duty  ;  and  after 
eighteen  days'  incessant  labour,  Memnon 
trembled  at  his  base,  and  was  moved  towards 
the  bank  of  the  Nile. 

The  embarkation  of  tlus  euormooa  statue 
presented  difficulties  almost  as  great  as  those 
which  attended  its  disintennent  and  land 
transport.  Nevertheless,  the  intelligenoe  and 
perseverance  of  Belzoni  surmounted  every 
obstacle  ;  and  he  brought  his  wondrous  con- 
quest to  London,  where  its  arrival  produced 
a  sensation  similar  to  that  caused  more  i*e<^iitly 
in  Paris  by  the  sight  of  the  Obelisk  of  l^uxor. 
Loaded  with  praise,  and  also  with  more  mil>- 
stantial  gifts,  Belzoni,  now  became  an  impor- 
tant jwrsouage,  returned  to  Egypt  and  to  his 
friend  Mr.  Salt.  The  Utter  proposed  to  him 
to  go  up  the  Nile,  and  attempt  the  removal 
of  the  sand-hills  which  covered  the  principal 
portion  of  the  magnificent  temple  ot  Ebsam- 
boul.  Belzoni  readily  coniienteii,  set  out  for 
Lower  Nubta,  ventured  boldly  amongst  the 
savage  tribes  who  wander  through  the  sandy 
desert ;  returning  to  Thebes,  he  was  re- 
warded, not  only  by  the  success  of  hia  special 
mission,  but  also  by  discovering  the  temple 
of  Luior. 

In  all  his  undertakingB^  however  enter- 
prising, Belzoni  was  ^d^  and  cheei-ed  by 
the  presence  of  his  wife.  The  expedition  to 
Nubia  was,  however,  thought  too  liazarilous 
for  hei-  to  undertake.  But  in  the  absence  of 
her  husband  she  was  not  idle  j  she  dug  un 
the  statue  of  Jupiter  Ammon,  with  the  ram  a 
head  on  his  knee,  which  is  now  in  the  British 
Museum. 

The  temole  of  Luxor  had  been  so  completely, 
and  for  so  long  a  period,  buried  in  sand,  that 
even  its  existence  remain i?d  uugui*|>t'cted.  It 
had  been  dedicated  to  Ibis  by  the  (^neeo  of 
Rami?ses  the  Gr^-.it  ;  aiid  the  descriptions 
which  travellers  give  of  it,  resemble  those  of 
the  palaces  in  the  "  Arabiiui  NighU.*'  Four 
colossal  figures,  sixty-one  feet  in  height,  are 
seated  in  front.  Eight  others,  forty-eight  in 
height,  and  standing  up,  support  the  roof  ot 
the  principal  inner  hall,  in  which  gigantic 
bas- reliefs  represent  the  whole  history  of 
Rameaes.  Sixteen  other  halls,  scarcely  smaller 
than  the  first,  display,  in  aU  their  primitive 
splendour,  many  gorgeous  paintings,  and  the 
mysterious  f  Drms  of  myriads  of  st^ues. 

After  this  discovery,  Bekoni  took  up  hia 
temporary  abode  in  th?  valley  of  Bitan-dr- 
Moulaeh  (Tombs  of  the  K-ings).  He  had 
already  remarked  there,  amorigst  the  rocks,  a 
fissure  of  a  peculiar  form,  and  which  was  evi- 
dently the  work  of  man.    He  caused  this 


''FrnnUiar  in  their  Mouths  as  HOUSEHOLD  WOHDS  "— siiA»««i.t*m«. 

HOUSEHOLD   WORDS. 

A    WEEKLY    JOURNAL 
CONDUCTED     BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


N«M.] 


SATURDAY.  MARCH  8.  1851. 


[PjMCt  2A 


A  MONUMENT  OP  FRENCH  FOLLY. 

It  was  profoundly  ob«er\'ed   by  a  witty 
menilier  of  the  Court  of  Common  *'  nn-  n   ^n 
CVmiieil  asi^iembled  la  the  City  of  I 
the  year  of  our  Lord   one   thon-  i 

huiufred  and  fifty,  that  the  French  are  a  frog- 
eating  people,  who  wear  wooden  ahoea. 

We  are  cre<libly  iiifarme<i,  in  referpnce  to 
the  iiatioD  whom  tliia  choice  apirit  ao  happily 
disposed  of,  that  the  caricatures  and  stage 
represeatalions  which  were  current  in  England 
acme  half  a  century  a^fo,  exactly  depict  their 
present  condition.  For  example,  we  under- 
stand that  every  Frenchman,  without  ex- 
ception, wears  a  pigtail  and  curl-papers.  Tli.it 
he  \A  extremely  sallow,  thin,  long-faoetl,  and 
lantem-jawed.  That  the  calvea  of  hin  legs 
are  uvarlably  undeveloped  ;  that  hia  legs  fall 
at  the  kneea^  and  that  his  ahoulders  are  uwaya 
higher  than  hb  eara.  We  are  iikewiae  aMured 
that  he  rarely  tastes  any  food  but  soup 
maigre,  and  an  onion ;  that  he  always  says, 
"  By  Gar !  Aha  r  Vat  you  tell  me,  Sare  ? ''  at 
the  end  of  every  sentence  he  utters  ;  and  that 
the  true  generic  name  of  hin  race  is  the 
Mounaeera,  or  the  Parly-vooa.  If  he  be  not  a 
dancing-msater,  or  a  barber,  he  must  be  a 
cook  ;  since  no  other  tmdes  but  tluiae  three 
ai*e  congenial  to  tlie  tastes  of  the  pec»ple,  «.>r 
pern»itte<l  by  the  luatitutlona  of  the  country. 
He  la  a  slave,  of  course.  Tlie  ladies  of  France 
(who  are  al»o  slaves)  invariably  have  their 
heads  tied  up  in  Belcher  handkerchiefs^  wear 
long  ear-i  1;  ,  tambourines, and  bej^uile 

the  Nveari?  r  yoke  by  sui|^ng  in  beful 

voices   llii".<-ii    iiivir    nouett — principally    to 
l«firrel-orgJuis. 

It  may  be  generally  summed  up,  of  thia 
inferior  people,  that  they  hare  no  idea  of 
SDything. 

Of  a  creat  Institution  like  Smithfield,  they 
are  unaT>le  to  form  the  least  conception*  A 
Beast  Market  in  the  heart  of  Paiis  would  be 
regarded  as  an  impossible  nnisance.  Nor 
^  '        any  notion  of  slaughter-houses  in 

f  a  city.     One  of  tnese  benighted 
woulcf  scarcely  understand  j'our 
'  if  you  told  him  of  the  existence  of 

^  '"li  bulwark. 

At-  ,  and  perhapa  pardonable,  to 

indul-  'le  Fdf-cotoplacency  when  our 

right  to  it  la  thoroughly  eatabliahed.    At  the 


present  time,  to  be  rendered  memorable  by  a 
tinal  attack  on  that  good  old  mark  *  -  i-  h  is 
the  (rotten)  apple  of  the  Cor]>»  k  .-, 

let  UB  compare  ourselves,  to  our  ii,.  „  ac 

light  and  pride,  as  to  these  two  subjects  or 
slaughter-house  and  beast-market^  with  the 
outlandish  foreigner, 

Tl»e  blessings  of  Smlthfield  are  tix*  well  un- 
derstood to  need  recapitulation  ;  all  who  ran 
(away  from  mad  bulla  and  pursuing  oxen) 
may  read.  Any  market-day,  they  may  W 
beheld  in  glorious  action,  Poaaibly,  the 
merits  of  our  slaughter-houues  are  not  yet 
quite  so  generally  appreciule<l. 

Slaughter-houses,  in  the  l-ir.'.>  fnwtig  oi 
England,  are  always  ( witli  xXu  i  nf  one 

or  two  enterprising  towns)  in-  mus  in 

the  moat  densely  crowded  places,  where  there 
is  the  least  circulation  of  au'.  They  fure  often 
underground,  in  cellars  •  they  are  aometimes 
in  close  back  yards  ;  sometimes  (as  in  Spital- 
£elds)  in  the  very  shops  where  the  meat 
\b  told,  Oocaaionally,  under  ^'ood  private 
management,  they  arc  ventilated  and  clean. 
For  the  most  r^irt,  they  are  unvontilated  an<i 
dirty  ;  and,  to  the  reeking  wjills,  iiutrid  fut 
and  other  offensive  animal  matter  clium's  wiih 
X  tenacious  hohl.  The  busiest  slaughter- 
houses  in  Loudon  jire  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Smithfield,  in  Newgate  Market,  in  White- 
chapel,  in  Newport  Alarket,  in  Leadenhall 
Mai'ket,  in  Chire  Alarket.  All  these  places 
are  surrounded  by  bouses  of  a  poor  descrip- 
tion, swarming  with  inhabitants.  Some  of 
them  are  close  to  the  worst  burial-grouuda  in 
London.  When  the  slmighter-house  is  Mow 
the  ground,  it  is  a  common  practice  to  throw 
the  sheep  down  areii-s,  neck  imd  crop — which 
is  exciting,  but  not  at  all  cruel.  Wlien  it  is 
on  the  level  surface,  it  is  often  extremely 
difficult  of  approach.  Then,  ihe  beasts  have 
to  be  worried,  and  goaded,  and  pronged,  and 
tail-twisted,  for  a  long  time  before  they  can 
be  got  in — which  is  entirely  owing  to  their 
natural  obstinacy.  When  it  is  not  dithcult  ot 
approach,  but  la  in  a  foul  cotidition,  what  they 
see  and  scent  make^i  them  still  more  reluctant 
to  enter— which  is  their  natural  oljstinacy 
again.  Wlien  they  do  get  in  at  lo^t,  alter  no 
trouble  and  suffering  to  speak  of,  (for,  there  is 
nothing  in  the  previous  journey  into  the  heart 
of  Ix^ndon,  the  night's  endurance  in  Smith- 
Held^  the   struggle   out    again,   amomg    the 


vol*  IL 


^^ 


KU 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


crowded  multitude^  the  coaches,  caj-ta,  wag- 
gons, omnilniMca.  gigs,  chalaeS)  phaetona,  cabs, 
tracks,  doj?*,  boys,  wboophigs,  maringa,  and 
ten  f^  '  ■  '  otker  dfetractiona),  they  are 
repi  tke  ID  a  iiinRt  unfit  state  to  ha 

killei,  >^~ ij^  to  microscoy)ic  examinations 

niAde  of*  their  fevered  bitxjd  by  one  of 
the  most  distinguiehetl  physiologists  in  the 
world,  Professor  Owes — ^but  that '»  humbug. 
When  they  ar^  killed,  at  last,  their  reeking 
carcases  are  htmg  in  impure  air,  to  become^ 
SUA  the  same  ProTeaaor  will  explain  to  you, 
less  nutritioua  and  more  unwholesome — but 
lie  U  only  an  wneommon  counsellor,  so  don^t 
mind  him..  In  half  a  quat-ter  of  a  miJe'a 
length  of  Wbitt'chapcl,  at  one  time,  there  ahidl 
be  aijc  huuditd  newly  slaughtt^rcd  oxen  hang- 
ing up,  and  is»?vcn  hundred  aheep — but,  the 
nioi-e  the  merri«r — p£pof  of  proeperity.  Hard 
by  Snow  HiU  and  Warwick  I.4Lne^  you  shfUl 
Bee  the  little  children,  inured  to  Kiglits  of 
brutality  froni  thi^ir  birth,  trotting  along  the 
alley  a,  minffletl  with  troope  of  horribly  Ijuay 
!  '      uDlood — but  it  makcB 

Into  the  iniT>erfect 
«i  "I  .:^  '^  '»vt4  city,  you  Bhall  have 

the  iumi-  f  corruption,  engendered 

by  tin  -^e  ..'ilv   Mir-i.vvn   unit  of  Bight, 

to  ri  1  house  at 

nigli!  II  will  moHt 

readily  tibsorh  tUeui,  and  to  fuid  its  languid 
way,  at  hist,  into  the  river  that  yon  drink — 
but,  the  French  are  a  frog-cn  >  who 

wear  wooden  shoes,  and  it  'a  O  i  ef  of 

England,  my  bov,  tb«  jolly  old  Ji.( 
beef  J 

It  is  quite  a  miaijike — a  new-£fin;^iiu  imu on 
altogether — to  suppow  that  there  is  any 
&atui*»I  ant  5joni«m  bet^ween  putrefaction  and 
henltli.  Tl»ey  know  better  thiui  that,  in  the 
Conunon  Council.  You  may  tidk  about 
Kature,  io  her  wisdom,  always  wanung  man 
through  his  sense  of  smell,  when  he  draws 
near  to  something  dangerous  ;  but,  that  won't 
go  down  in  the  city.  Nature  very  cflon  don't 
mean  anything.  Mrs.  Quickly  says  that  prunes 
are  ill  for  a  green  wound  ;  but,  whosoever 
my&  that  putrid  Animal  substances  are  ill  for 
a  gret'n  wound,  or  for  robust  vigor,  or  for  any 
thing  or  for  any  body,  is  a  humani ^'-monger 
und  a  humbug.  Britous  never,  never,  never, 
&c.,  therefore.  And  prt>8perity  to  cattle- 
driving,  cattle-alftughtering,  bone- crushing, 
blood- boiling,  trotter-scraping,  tripe-dreaaing, 
|i<iuujch-<jleamng,  gut-spiuning,  hide-prepar* 
ing,  t^illow-melting,  and  other  salubrious  pro- 
'  in  the  midst  of  hospital*,  church- 

i  houses,  sohools,  iufuTuaries,  refuges, 
proiiai on -shops,  nurBeriea,aick-bedH, 
':i  and  baiting-place  in  the  journey 
ii  ii  to  death  ! 

Thase  wncommon  counsellors,  your  Professor 
Owens  and  fellows,  will  coutmd  that  to  tole- 
rate theee  tilings  in  a  civdified  city,  b  to  reduce 
it  to  a  worse  condition  than  Bruce  found  Ui 

Srevail  in  Abtssinnla.  For,  there  (sjiy  they) 
iie  jackals  Aod  wild  dc9^  oaine  at  night  to 


>v.*ur 
wh 


ell 


devour  the  offal ;  whereas  here  t3iei« 

such  natuml  ?^     ^     -      -  '    -    " 

customs.     Kn 

nothing  in  K 

:uid  thiit  IrtesMi 

•Tccasion  in  til  i 

main  sources  of  tiie  riches  <'! 

— they  lottil  to  a  prodigious  v. 

matteiu,  which  might,  with  prM|>t*r 

tion,  and  under  Kcitntiiic  direction, 

applied  to  the  increase  of  the  fci 

land.    Tliua  (they  argue)  does  Na 

avenge  infractions  of  1j<  i  '        ■"        "  Ti 

ao  surely  as  Man  is  d<-: 

of  her  bletsings  into  cui  ^- :-, 

cuises,  and  shall  he  suffer   ! 

is  cant.      Juj»t  as  it  is  <.m 

desciiption  to  say  to  the  Ijoij 

"  How  can  you  exhibit  to  th 

a  spectacle  of  dishoueat  etji 

claim  the  right  of  holding   : 

midst  of  the  great  city,  for  ou. 

nrivihiges,  when  you  know   ihut 

last  mai-kyt-holding  chartei 

you  by   King  Charhis  the 

stood  IS  THE  Suburbs  of  1a_'-^lo> 

that  very  charter  so  descriljn*d  in 

woiils  I " — which  is  certainly    true, 

nothing  to  do  with  the  questn.>n. 

Now  to  the  comparison,  iei  flu    i-  i^-u-fjci 
of  civilisation,  between  t 
and  the  capital  of  tliat  t'l 
shoe  wearing  country,  wUi' 
I  Common  Councilman  so  sarc 

lu  Paris,  there  is  no  Cattle  AUa  kct. 
I  and  calves  are  sold  within  the  city,  h 
I  Cattle  Markets  are  at  Poisay,  aljout  tliii 
miles  offj  on  a  line  of  Kailway  ;  and  at 
!  about  iive  miles  off.    The  Poiasy  m«rl 
held  every  Thursday ;   the  Sceauz. 
every   Monday,      In    Paris,    (Ji»r.^ 
slaughter-houses,  in  our  ac 
term,      There  are   five    pn! 
within  the  walls,  though  in  1  i 
in  these  all  the  slaughtering 
be  performed.     They  are  imuiagcd  by 
cat  or  Guild  of  Butchers,  who  couft^r  "Wi*^ 
iliuister  of  the  Interior  on  iiT 
ing  the  trade,  and  who  arc- 
any  new  regulations  are  coi  i  | 
government.     They  are,  lik- 
vigilant  superinteudance  of  tu 
butcher  must  be  licensed :  which  prt 
at  once  to  be  a  slave,  for  we  don't] 
butchers  in  England — we  only  license 
caries,    attorneys,    postmasters, 
hawkers,  retailera  of  tobacco,  snut 
and  vinegar — and  one  or  two    otKi 
tiadea  not  worth  mention 
meut  in  oonnexiou  with 
sale  of  meat,  is  matter  "• 
tion.      (Slavery  agaiu,                     <•  certiuj 
have  a  ^nera!  sort  of  n  i 

But,  m  order  that  tl 
stand  what  a  monument  )h< 

eati^rs    have   rui^u<l    in   their   j,i>{iitoir8 
ealtle-markets,  and   may    ooniipare    tt 


Dkk»iLl 


A  MONTTKENT  OF  FBENCH  FOLLY 


555 


what  cnrnmun  counselling  has  douo  for  na  all 

thc5*e  ;nifti-a,  nud  would  FttU  do  but  for  the 

inovutiiig  spii'it  of  the  tliuw,  li«re  follows 

ahftrt  .tecoujit  of  a  recent  viait  to  these 

places: — 

It  WBS  aa  sharp  a  Febrtifizr  monting  a»  you 

would  dc«re  to   feel  at   yur   fingi^rs*  «iiiIh 

.irhcii  1   »«ir-n>Hl  Miit^^t iiiiiMiii.r  ,,vt»r  n  ohif- 

uior  \%it  [  ,  who  waa 

ickiiiguj^  .    .    ^   thut  hjid 

en  swept  uut,  over-xiigUtT  from  a  Bon-Bon 

op — to  tnlcf"  th>'  Butchers*  Trair  to  Poissy 

cold  dii  t  touched  the  ! 

thtf  Vi  I  h  have  seen  9U' 

such  riot  iUKi  liimhI- 

:Lg  calm,  ajid  as  old, 

■u    wjiii    wline    frt>al.  ^s  thf   veiy 

lliprc  wfifl  uot  light  enough ,  yet,  to 

u  thu  towers  of  Notre  l>;uue  ucroas 

;  but  1  thought  of  the  dark  p.ave- 

e  ohi  Cn,the«rul  na  just  begiimniL' 

stTeftktMl  with  gr«y  ;  and  of  the   ! 

e  "*  House  of  God,*"  the  Hospital  cL 

'  low  aiid  being  queuched  ;  aud  ol" 
t  I  of  tho  Morg^ue  giving  ftlnout  with  a 

i  i»f<»ni,    busy  in  the  ftrningi*rat?nt   of 

1  •  waxwork  for  another  sunny  diiy. 

HI'   s  in  w:is  up,  aud  s!  -        -  ■       -  '        ' 
the  butchers  and  1,  anno" 
wit  h  an  engine-*-^ "  i  <  ^  '  > 
«way   ft»r   the 
country,   over 

flcrubby  trees — the  hoar  troat  lying  cold  in 
eliady  plaei-s,  arid  glittering  in  th*  byht — Hud 
here  we  are  at  l*oi:ssY  i     Out  lenp  the  but 
who  have  U?en   chattering  all  the  w\i} 
roadmen,  and  off  they  straggle  for  the  < 
Miirk^t   (still    ehattcring,    of   course,    i 
MUitly),  in   hats  and  caps  of  all  shapoM^   m 
coats  and  blouMs,  in  cadf-ekina,  cow-aklns, 
horse-Bkinflj  fura,  shaggy  mantleS}  hairy  t-'  »'- 
■acking,  bAizO)  oil-akin^  anything  you  ] 

that  will  keep  a  man  and  a  butcher  w 

upon  A  froaty  morning. 

(Many  a  V  rench  town  have  I  Boen,  between 
i^iie  spot  of  ground  aud  Strasburgb  or  Mar- 
leilles,  thjit  mipbt  sit  for  your  picture,  little 
^oiasy  I  Barring  the  details  of  your  old 
lliurch,  I  know  you  well,  albeit  we  nonke 
acquaintance,  now,  for  the  first  time,  I  know 
your  narrow,  straggling,  winding  atreeta, 
with  a  kxriiiel  in  the  mi(Ort,  juid  lamps  slung 
across.  1  know  your  pictureisque  atrect- 
^mers,  winding  up-hill  Heaven  knows  why 
or  wheit !  I  know  your  tmdeemen's  inscrip- 
tions, in  letters  not  quite  fat  enough  ;  your 
barlwr's  brasen  basins  dangling  over  little 
shops ;  your  Caf^s  and  Batamineta,  with 
cloudy  bottles  of  stale  syrup  in  the  windows, 
and  pictures  of  crossed  billiard-cuea  outside, 
T  '  Ilia  very  grey  horse  with   his  tail 

II  a  knot  like  the  "back-hair"  of 
<kM  mm- .V  wDrnan^  who  won't  be  sho^l^  and  who 
makes  hijutself  heraldic  by  clattering  acroes 
the  Btroet  on  his  hind  legs,  while  twenty 
Toicea  shriek  and  growl  at  him  as  a  Brigand, 


r,  and   an   cv 


an 

do4'!  Miw  your  spari 

founUiiu  t  '>,  my  I'oiasy,  and  am  glad  tu  doe  it 

near  a    catlhj-nmrket.    sjtiahinj?    bo    freshly, 

nnv  1 

I  know  this  unawept  nioni  jtt  The  Glory, 
with  its  peculiar  smcU  of  benus  and  oo^c, 
where  the  butchei-a  crowd  about  the  stove, 
drinking  the  thinnest  of  wine  from  the 
i^niuUest  of  tuiuVtlers ;  where  the  thickest  of 
coffee-cujM  mingle  with  the  longest  of  h.»aveaj 
and  the  weakest  of  lump  sugar ;  where 
Madame  at  the  counter  eju^ily  acknowledged 
the  homnge  of  all  entering  and  dcpartln|f 
butuhers ;  when*  the  billiai*d-table  is  covered 
up  in  the  midst  like  a  great  bini-ci*ge— but 
the  birtl  may  sing  In'-aud-bye ! 

A  bell !  The  Calf  Market !  Polite  de|Mirtttr« 
of  biitchcT'a.  Hasty  payment  and  departure 
"Ti  rliv  tirirt  of  amateur  Visitor.  Madame 
'  ('ftmsellfi  for  too  fin^  a  «n»*<virti- 
uce  to  the  devotion  of  a  Butcner 
iu  a  beuj  *Liu.  Moaaienr,  the  laii'llordof  Tlie 
Glory,  ctiuuts  »  double  handful  of  atnia,  with- 
out an  uuobliterated  inscription,  or  an  un- 
damaged crowned  liead,  among  them. 

'PI    ..     jg   iji^^^    noise   without,   fibundant 

:A    no    confusion.      The  opmi  area 

,  flu-  niirL..f   i^i  -liirided  Into  thii^o 

<t,     the    Cattle 

Calves  at  eight, 

ciUtle  at  ten,  sheep  at  mid-da j.    All  la  ypry 

'  tlf  Market  is  a  raiseil  piatft*rm  of 
lie  three  or  four  feet  hi;^di,  oj^en  on 
with  a  lofty  ovei  I'oof, 

I  on  stone  columns^  \  it  the 

ui  ipt'.'j  i-Liiccof  a  sort  of  viueyait  i  ir  < :  n  i  .s  i  »i-theni 
Italy.     Ifei-e,  on  the  nuse<l  pavement,  lie  in- 
,,,,.,,.,,•■1.1.-     "live**,   all   bound    hit!*'-' —^    -■id 
!ierjandall  tremblii  y 

^  ,       A  ith   cold,    perhaps  i  .  r, 

j>erhapa  with  pain ;  for,  this  mode  of  tying, 
which  seems  to  be  an  absolute  superstition 
with  the  peasantry*,  can  hardly  fail  to  canio^ 
great  suffering.  Here,  they  lie,  pntienlly  in 
rowB,  among  the  stiaw,  wdth  ti  I 

faces  and  inerpressive  eyt^r   suj  1 

by  men  and  women,  boj^  aud  girls ;  H'^e^  incy 
are  inspected  by  our  friends^  the  bntohiirs, 
bargained  for,  and  bought-  Plenty  of  time  ; 
plenty  of  room ;  plenty  of  good  humour. 
•*  Monsieur  IVan^ia  in  tLe  bear-«kin,  how  do 
you  do,  m^  friend  ?  Tou  come  from  Paris 
by  the  tram  ?  The  fresh  air  does  you  good. 
If  you  are  in  want  of  thi'ce  or  four  tine  cjdves 
this  mai'ket-moruing,  my  angel»  I^  Madame 
Doche,  shall  be  happy  to  de^d  with  yon. 
Behold  these  calves,  Honsietir  Fronwis ! 
Great  Heaven,  you  are  doubtful  !  Well, 
air,  walk  ronnd  and  look  about  yon.  If  you 
find  better  for  the  money,  btiy  them.  If  not, 
come  to  me  I"  Monsieur  Francois  goes  his 
way  leisurely,  and  keeps  a  wary  eye  upon  the 
stock.    No  other  butcher  joitlM  Mousieiir 


fi56 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


Fraii9oLB  ;  Monsieur  Francois  joetlea  no  other 
buteher.  Nobody  is  flustered  and  aggravated* 
Nobody  is  Hftvuge.  In  the  midst  of  the  country 
bhu'  fi'uekB  Hiul  riid  handkerchiefs,  aiid  the 
butcheiti'  coats,  almggy,  furry,  and  hairy  :  of 
calf-flkin^  cow-akin*  hoT«€-skin,  and  bear-Bkin  : 
towers  ft  CiX^ko^l  bat  and  a  blue  cloak.  Slavery  ! 
For  our  PoUce  wear  great  coats  and  ghized 
hAt& 

But  now  the  bartering  U  over,  and  the  ca]vea 
are  sold.  "Ho!  Gregorie,  An  toino,  Jean,  Louis! 
Bring  up  the  carts,  my  children  !  Quick, 
brave  intanta  I     Hola  !  Hil  " 

The  carta,  well  littered  with  str&w,  are 
backed  up  to  the  edge  of  the  r«»ed  pAvement, 
and  varioua  hot  infants  cany  calves  upon 
th*jir  heads,  and  dexterously  pitch  them  in, 
while  oth<?r  hot  infant^  standing  in  the  carta, 
arfuige  the  calves,  and  |>ack  them  carefully 
in  straw.  Here  is  a  promising  younc  calf^ 
not  0old,  whom  Madame  Doehe  unbinds. 
Partlon  roe,  Madame  Doche,  but  1  fear  this 
modt?  of  tying  the  four  legs  of  a  ouadmped 
together,  thoogh  strictly  C  la  mode,  ia  not 
auite  right.  You  observe,  Madame  Doche, 
tliat  thu  ooitl  Itiavea  deep  indentations  in  thu 
Bkin,  and  ihut  the  animal  is  so  citunped  at 
first  as  not  to  know,  or  even  remotely  suspect, 
that  he  m  unbound,  until  you  are  so  obliging 
as  to  kick  him,  in  your  delicate  little  way, 
and  pull  his  tail  like  a  Ix^ll-rope.  Then,  he 
Btagj^ers  iu  hL^  knees,  not  being  able  to  stand, 
and  stumbles  alxiut  like  a  drunken  cidf,  or 
the  horse  at  Franconi's,  whom  you  may 
have  Been,  ^Madame  Doche,  who  is  aujjposed 
to  have  been  mortally  wounded  in  Wttle. 
But*,  what  is  this  nibning  ut^ainst  me,  as  I 
apostrophise  Mtidame  Docne  i  It  is  another 
heated  intant,  with  a  call'  upon  his  head. 
"  Pardon,  Monsieur^  but  will  you  have  the 
polih'iicBs  to  allow  me  to  posa  1"  '*  Ah,  Sir, 
willingly-  1  nm  vexed  to  obstruct  the  way." 
l>ri  \u^  sr^igj.fer«,  calf  and  all,  and  makes  no 
ftllu.sion  wliatever  cither  to  mv  eyes  or  limbs. 

Now,  the  carta  are  all  full.  More  straw, 
my  Antoine,  to  shake  over  these  top  rows  ; 
tiitjn,  ofl'  w*i  will  clatter,  rumble,  jolt,  juid 
rattle,  a  long  i-ow  ol"  us,  out  of  the  tii-st  town* 
gate,  and  otit  at  the  seconrl  tovvn-cate,  and 
poiJt  the  empty  sentry-box,  and  the  little 
thin  Njuare  bandbox  of  a  guardhouse,  where 
nobody  seems  to  \i\^  \  and  away  for  Paris,  by 
the  paved  n>ad,  lying,  a  straight  straight  line, 
in  tne  long  long  avenue  of  trees.  \V^  can 
neither  chooee  our  road,  nor  our  f>ace,  for  that 
is  all  preecril>ed  to  us.  The  public  conve- 
nience demands  tlmt  our  cju-t^  ahouhl  get  to 
Farirt  by  Huch  a  route,  and  no  other  (Na- 
poleon luul  leisure  to  tind  that  out,  while  he 
Imd  a  littlt^  war  with  the  world  upon  his  hands), 
and  woe  betide  us  if  we  infringe  oi-ders. 

Dm\^es  of  oxen  stiUid  in  the  Cattle  if ruket^ 
tied  to  iron  Vioi's  fixed  iul*)  prists  of  gnmite. 
Other  droves  advance  slowly  down  the  long 
avenue,  past  the  second  town-gate,  and  the 
first  town-gate,  and  the  sentp^-box,  and  the 
bandbox,   thawing  the  morning   with    their 


smoky  brcAth  as  the^  oome  aloog. 
of  room  ;  plenty  of  tune.    Neither 
beast  is  driven  out  of  hia  wit^  \rr 
cart^    waggons,    omnilmse- 
phaetons,  cftW  InicKw,  bov»,  ^ 

m^  and  multitndea.  No  laU fwwtij];* 
necessfiry — no  iron  pronging  t*  tmoam 
There  are  no  iron  p  "re.     Th*  tOMr 

for  cattle  is  held  u-  i^  th«  nuvlbtt 

cAlves.  In  due  tiu.^,  ,.  !  ^"^  .•*rT'n  |^ 
Paris;  the  dn^'ets  win  no  n  e  U 

road,  nor  their  time,  nor  th  r%  \ 

shall  drive,  tluui  they  can  choune  thar  Jl 
for  d^-ing  iu  the  course  of  nature. 

Sheep  next  The  Sheop-j  »ena  ar«  im  li 
past  the  Branch  Bank  of  I'nHf^  cet^lilij^M^ 
the  convenience  of  the  ■  "  .  wad  btl 
the  two  pretty  founts n  re  nijik« 

the  Market,  My  name  i>  i^uu  :  yei  I  tJ 
I  should  like  to  see  aa  go<»l  twin  foontMl 
not  to  say  in  Smithfieki,  ^ 
where.  Plenty  of  room  . 
here  are  sheep-dogs,  -^ 
with  a  certain  iiVench  nir 
without  a  suspicion  of  doniit  > 
of  flavor  of  moustache  and  b< 
tive  dogs,  shag^  and  loose  \. 
dog  would  be  tight  and  close — nut 
with  business  calculaiiona  as  our 
drovers'  dogs,  who  have  aiwa;^ 
sheep  upon  their  minib,  iutd  tliiii 
work,  even  resting,  as  you  may 
'  faces  ;  but,  daflhing,  showy,  rather 
j  doj^a ;  who  might  worry  me  ixinieiid 
legitimate  charges  if  they  s^iw 
might  see  it  somewhat  sudileul y»  TIk 
for  sheep  pasaes  off  like  the  ot  1 1 
away  thev  ^o,  by  their  aJlottocl  n  ► 
My  way  bemg  the  Railway,  T  make  liwv 
of  it  at  twenty  miles  i»n  bour;  whil 
through  the  now  hi^^I  '  1  huitiwi 
thinkmg  that  the  inc^i  i   grcca  h 

will  be  wishing  befoi'e  I'Hg,    iiiey  iaiT 
been    tempted   to   come    out    ft<>    sooo; 
wondering  who  lives  in  this  or  that 
all  window  and  kttice,  and  wliut   the 
may  have  for  breakfest  this  sharp  m* 

After  the  Market  conie'i  the  Ab^ 
What  abattoir  shall  1  \iiit  first  I  H 
niaj"t.re  is  the  largest     So,  I  will  go  tHctn^ 

Tlie  abattoirs  are  all  within  the  waU 
Paris,  with  an  eye  to  the  receipt  of  th*  Oi 
duty  ;  but,  they  stand  in  open  plaoea  In 
suburbs,  removed  from  the  press  and  bi 
of  the  city.  Tliey  are  managed  by  tb«  i 
dicat  or  Ouilil  of  Butchers  under  iho  In* 
tion  uf  the  Police.  Certain  isnu&Ucr  itei 
the  revenue  derivetl  from  tb- <>.  -..  ..  'M 
ret^iined  by  the   Guild   fur  \ 

their  expenses,  ajad  in  pai-t  C^  \ 

charitable  purposes  in  com  \ 

trade.     They  cost  aijc   hundi  _  i| 

thousand  pounds ;  and  they  l  v;l«im  u*  j 
City  of  Paris  an  interest  on  thnt  '>uiS 
auiounting  to  nearly  six  ;     '  ^ 

Here,  in  a  sntiicicntly  u  J 

Abattoir  of  Montmartre,  ctiv.ruii:  \ 


i 


CbarlM  IMtknu.1 


A  MONUMENT  OF  FRENCH  FOLLY. 


f.57 


:re.«  of  cjctnntl.  aurroniiiieii  hy  a  high  wall, 
it\  looking  from  the  outside  like  a  caralry 
H'nwk.     At  the  irou  gates  is  a  wniaJl  func- 
mary  in   a  large   cocfctvl  Ljit.     "  Monsieur 
m-i's  i-o  Bee  lL«  abattoir  ?     M<.ist  certainly," 
buiu^  inconvenient  in  private  tnuisac- 
iuul  Monsieur  l>ein»^  iilreawly  awiure  of 
?ke<i  hftt,  the  functionaiy  puts  it  into  a 
'kittl  bureau  which  it  almost  fills,  asd 
ipani«j  me  In  the  modest  attire — aa  to 
i^d — (if  ortlinarv  life. 
Many  of  the  animala  from  Poiasy  have  come 
?re.     On  the  arrival  of  eaoli  drove,  it  wna 
irned  into  3'onJer  ample  space,  where  each 
liutcher  who  Uful  iKtught,  selected  his  own 
irchsiaea.     Some,  we  see  now,  in  tliese  long 
•rspectiveH  of  stalU  with  a  high  overhancjing 
»f   of  wood   and   f-."    "ii"*   rising  above 
•  wfills,    \Miile  til  •,  before  T>eing 

Itmrjhtered,  they  mi  ^  i  to  be  fed  ana 
ratereil,  Mid  the  stalls  must  be  kept  clean. 
5tat«fl  amount  of  fodder  must  always  be 
»ady  in  the  loft  alxtve  ;  and  the  super  vision 
•f  the  Htviotfgt  kind.  The  aame  rcgulationa 
iply  to  nil  '     Ives  ;  for  which,  port  ions  \ 

these  1  -i  are  strongly  railed  off. 

lU  the  Imimui^s  are  of  the  strongest  and 
lOHt  ."iolid  description. 

Aflor  traversing  those  lairs,  through  which, 
!8idea  the  npj>er  piovision  for  ventilation 
mi  mentioned,  there  may  l>e  a  tlioruu^h 
iri'-nt  of  air  fnjm  opposite  windows  in  tlie 
le  \^*alls,  and  from  aoors  at  either  end,  we 
raverse  the  broad,  pav^wlj  court-yiird  until 
come  to  the  alavmhtcr-housca.  They  are 
II  exactly  alike,  and  adjoin  each  other,  to 
be  number  of  eight  or  nine  together,  in 
locks  of  solid  bimdiug.  Let  im  walk  ioto 
lefind. 

It  is  firmly  built  and  paved  with  atone,  Tt 
is  well  lighted,  thoroughly  aired,  and  hivishly 
ded  with  freali  water.  It  has  two  doors 
jtte  each  other ;  tlie  first,  the  door  by 
i  I  entered  frctra  the  main  yard ;  the 
ond^  which  is  opposite,  oix^aing  on  another 
laller  yard,  where  the  sheep  and  calves  are 
on  benches.  The  pavement  of  that 
I,  I  see,  slopes  downward  to  a  gutter,  for 
being  more  easily  cleansed.  The  slaughter- 
louiie  is  fifteen  feet  high^  sixteen  feet  and  a 
df  wide,  and  thiily-tJTir^e  feet  long.  It  is 
itted  witli  H  powerful  windlass,  by  which  one 
n  at  the  handle  can  bring  the  heail  of  an 
down  to  the  ground  to  receive  the  blow 
>m  the  ]K^iK>-axe  that  is  to  fell  him — with 
meiinri  of  raising  the  cai'case  and  keeping 
pendeil  durina^  the  afler-operatiou  of 
ig — and  with  nooks  on  which  carcases 
.kang,  when  ooniplet<»ly  prepare*!,  without 
"\ing  the  walls,  Ujwn  the  pavement  of 
lii-i^t  stone  chamljer,  lies  an  ox  scarcely 
/L  If  I  except  the  blood  draining  from  him, ' 
a  little  stone  well  in  a  comer  of  the  pave- 
mt.  1h  •  phico  is  as  free  from  offence  aa  the 
1  it  Concorde.     It  is  infinitely  pui-er 

*i  1,1  know,  my  friend  the  funutionar)', 

than  the  Cathedral  of  Notre  Dame.    Ha,  ha  ! 


Monsieur    is   pleasant,   bat,   tndy,  there   ia 
reason,  too,  in  what  he  says. 

I  look  into  another  of  these  '  '  1 
housM?».  "  Pniy  enter,"  says  a  gn 
bhM>dy  IxxitA.  **Tluais  a  calf  I  luw-  mii'<1 
this  morning.  Having  a  little  time  upon  my 
handw,  I  have  cut  and  punctured  this  laue 
pattern  in  the  coats  of  nis  stomach.  It  is 
pretty  enou^'h.  I  did  it  toflivert  myself/' — ^"  It 
IS  Iteautiful,  Monsieur,  the  alanghterer  I  '*  He 
telljs  me  I  have  the  gentility  to  say  so. 

I  look  into  rows  of  Blaughter-houses.  In 
many,  retail  dealers,  who  have  come  here  for 
the  purpo&e.  are  making  bargains  for  meat. 
Thei'e  is  killing  enough,  certainly,  to  satiate  an 
unused  eye  ;  and  there  are  steaming  earoaaea 
enoughj  to  suggest  the  expediency  of  a  fowl 
and  salatl  for  dinner  ;  but,  everywhere,  there 
is  an  orderly,  clean,  well-^ystcmatiped  routine 
of  work  in  progress — horrible  work  at  the 
best,  if  you  please  ;  but,  so  much  the  greater 
reason  why  it  should  be  made  the  best  of. 
1  don't  know  (I  think  I  have  obsei-vetl,  my 
name  is  Bull)  that  a  Parisian  of  the  lowest 
order  is  piirticularly  delicate,  or  that  his 
nature  b^  remarkable  for  an  IntinileftimHl  in- 
fusion of  ferocity  ;  but,  1  do  know,  my  ix)tont, 
grave,  and  common  counselling  Signon*,  thfvt 
he  is  forced,  when  at  this  work,  to  submit 
himself  to  a  thorctughJy  good  system,  and  to 
make  an  Englishman  verj*  heartily  ,i^hame<l 
of  you. 

Here,  within  the  wjadb  of  the  same  abattoir, 
in  other  roomy  and  commodious  buildings,  are 
a  place  for  converting  the  fat  into  tallow  and 
packing  it  for  market — a  place  for  cleansing 
nnd  scalding  calves*  heads  and  sheepa'  feet — a 
place  for  preparing  tripe — stables  and  coach' 
housoi  for  the  butcher*— innnmenible  cow- 
venieoces,  aiding  iu  the  diiuinution  of  offen- 
siveneaa  to  its  lowest  possible  point,  and  the 
raising  of  cleanliness  and  Bupervision  to  their 
highest.  Hence,  all  the  meat  that  goes  out 
of  the  gate  is  sent  away  in  clean  covered  carts. 
And  u  every  trade  comiected  ^vith  the 
slaughtering  of  animals  were  obliged  by  law 
to  be  3arried  on  in  the  same  plac**,  I  doubt,  niy 
friend,  now  reinstated  iu  the  cocked  hat  (whoso 
civility  thc«e  two  franc.**  imperfectly  acknow- 
leflge,  but  appear  muniticently  t«i  repay) 
whether  there  could  be  better  regulations  than 
thoee  which  are  carried  out  at  the  AbutU»ir  of 
Montmartre.  Adieu,  ray  friend,  for  1  am 
away  to  the  otlier  side  of  Paris,  to  the  Abattoir 
of  Oreuelle  !  And  thei'e,  I  tind  exactly  the 
sjimc  thing  on  »  smaller  scale,  with  the  ad- 
dition of  a  magniiicent  Artesian  well,  and  a 
ditferent  sort  of  conductor,  in  the  j^raon  of  a 
neat  little  woman  with  neat  little  eves,  and  a 
neat  little  voice,  who  picks  her  neat  little  way 
among  the  bullocks  iu  a  very  neat  little  pair 
of  shoes  and  stockings. 

Such  is  the  Monument  of  French  Folly 
which  a  foreigneering  people  iiave  erected,  iu 
a  national  hatred  and  antipathy  for  common 
counselling  innsdom.  Tbat  wisdom^  aaaemliled 


JX 


HOrSEHOLD  WOROa 


our  own  wJtfiiilf 
pivrilmbllily   wc 
erect   tt   iiiouHnieiit 
Frpfich  montiment. 


in   the   City  of   Tendon,    having    distinctly  | 
refused,   after    »    debftte    three    duys    !or  - 
und  by  a  m-'\}oriiY  <^>f  nearly  Bcveii   to 
to    wk&ocmte    it«el^  with    i'"^     ^!,.1.  ,i„,l 
CattU»-Markct  unless  it  1" 
of  r1«-'  C'ltv    )f.  fntlows  that  •■: 
if,  W3f  common  <*i»wu>cilirig 

wn,  for  a  niiirkft,  on 
<<fi.     Ill  nJl  huiTtoii 
comp,  at  lost,  to 
il    lully  ver)*   like    f '  ' 
If  that  \Hi  •lone,  the  ■ 

\v  I  Ameri- 

e  ,,., -hoofl  for 

tl  11  ;  the   I.  will  be 

ic,  .  populnrv*  -entirely' 

on  trogs  ;  aud  both  tht?«e  change-^  will  (how, 
is  not  at  present  quite  clexir,  bat  rertainly 
somehow  or  other)  fall  on  that  unhappy 
huided  iiit€r«?3t  which  in  always  I)cit>g  kilJt?a, 
yet  id  always  foand  to  he  alive — imd  kicking. 


chxRi 


I    hiwi  ron 

not  know  1 

But,  I  am  alw.ivs 
I   forget  wht»n^    I  w 


MY  MAHOGANV  FRrENB. 

I  FAKcr  the  hftbit  I  hn^'e  contracted  of 
Cotiv.MT-Iu-  wiilj  what  we  comraonly  call  in- 
n\  or,  at   loa«t,  of  liBtcnilig  to 

tl.  ^  and  unliinit«id  conlldenoes, 

(which  th^y  aro  much  given  to  repose  in  me), 
ariBea,  in  «orue  nie.i8ure,  fro.Ti  the  8nU(Af^ 
h'fc  I  lead.  I  cannut  indeed  afflnn,  with 
truth,  tlnit  I  am  /litocether  a  solitiiry  old 
fellow,  fiecin     T     -         '      ^  libour  to 

thti  ethane  ;  i  I  am  the 

(ir.i-.<iJ,.,^f     ,,;     ,,,.....,..,,,,^     ,  I,*,       You 

Hi  by  the  way>  tl  -e  ia  the 

f'l  Mff  house  in  p<j;:  ;     1  — of  my 

neighbourliood. 

How  well  I  remember  the  time,  now  about 
Beventeen  years  ago,  when  I  first  ainved  to 
take  pOB»e8»ion  of  the  "  l)en  '*  as  I,  sonjcwhut 
misanthropical ly,  christened  my  now  abode. 
I  calmed  myself  with  the  reflection  that, 
although  Olivia  (which  I  still  think  a  nr  *' 
iiAiue)  had  turned  out  a  flii-t,  and  tried  ■ 
imsucceesfnlly)  ^•  breiik  my  heart,  tb+'re  %^  .- 
"balm  in  Gilcmi,"  7'he  flutter  an.i  flurry  of 
Life  were  over ;  no  more  \ou^  expectuliona, 
and  Blow  disappoiutraenta  ;  all  '*  tfjat  sort  of 
thing "  waa  at  an  end  ;  and,  if  I  w  ere  occa- 
Konally  dull,  at  least,  I  ahould  be  quiet. 

But,  talk  of  single  bleaRednesis,  talk  of 
Uavttig  **  no  encumbrances,"  as  our  counti^- 
p«ople  say,  I  do  not  sec  that  mv  old  bacholor- 
»hip  hn«i«.".v    '  I    runny  of  the  aniieties 

to  which   t  h  a  whole  house  full  of 

children,  ju.  .,...  t  !  I  am  sure  I  might 
have  had  fire  sons,  and  a  proft-saion  apiece  to 
provide  for  thetn,  and  they  need  not  have 
given  me  half  the  trouble  or  the  heartaehe 
that  that  oue  little  black -eyed  gi[>sy  at  the 
Chnae  hjiii  oct'aj»ioned  nie — not  to  mention 
Hitrry  1  Ah,  f  have  hnil  a  pretty  time  of  it 
«t  the  Ben,  allo<»cther  !  I  have  been  a  sort 
of  barometer,  entirely  at  the  mercy  of  the 


ray  Den,  T  wo  • 

wg  my  Bdd  fate 

up  aiiil  down  t li- 
the  «hort  cut   1 1    Pi 

— dwarf  avenues  of    i 

here  and  there  a  lari:'   f 

the  fym  itiielf  is  aahigh,  in 

trees,  and  quite  thick  enoti 

children  at  th< 

they  wifihed  to 

quite  sure;  the  liMi.-^^m- 

or  «o  lat«f*,  or  ao  early  ii, 

Hcaaon,  as  alon-^^  tb-.t    t. 

flower«are  soli 
'  ^'arilfO  at  the  < 

'  ihcui  ;   foul^  then,  1  a) ways  lii^ve   lo 
I  (lowers  lie«t 

f      I  am  wandering  again.      It  *s   i 
I  lo««  niy  way,     I  pr-oc#irt«hvl  U*  tJr 

t'  "         '  ^  '       .  *  It 

-  \va^^    It'll     I  <■   iiji. 

'  t  hose  t roi  t  regajrdin^ 

truth  of '';.   I  .L.  .,..-.        .vhicb    I 
j  iwculijir  tjo  country  Bf'n*ui»t8_,  hun 
.  loi'tunate     master   aud    niislrfjss 

posaiblf  nook  and  corner  of  house^ 
igrotmd,  and  garden. 
I      I  spent  the  interiuij  mti  !  j>l 

enough,  in  the  hall.     It  v 

hall,     Kot  i»u  a  large  scab:  ;  i»ut   a 
I  but.  wellfittiHl  xip,  with  a  btlliard-tji 


ir  of-dr»nr  c'bild 


1 

1 


"horn  CM 
in  a  hall  ti 

you  an  iuwiji^Ll  into  llt»* 
people  you  ai'e  going  to  m- 
this,  my  eye  fellon  tax  obi 
immediately  took  to  my  I 
ever  since  eimaidered  and  caiioo,  my  MaIil*^ 
Friend. 

It  was  not  a  Ttry  old  Ha< 
suppoBe  ;  but,  old  or  yoang, 
that  minute. 

I  began  our  acqnaijitance   l»v 
the  "tree/*  or, in  other  worun,  tfi. 
mahogany   friond,   very   i 
topmost  brnuchjhnng  the  i-i 
lower  in   the  crown  than   tli 
hat€,  but.  ratite  conventional  ♦ 


iu«t*r.    I  thov 

1  mthor  a  stem  ]cM>k 

9  it  inrlirjM»i 

;  but,  it  waa  neat 

ad  V,   "'  ■ 

•  1  lirwl  a  very  respectable 

ppc; 

H  r.     <>u  the  left  side,  far 

»w«r    'i<. 

I      sti.CA-      r-.ft,^-'V.      Lvlirn't, 

none*]  «i 

-.     ,       ;..,l.-    l^i'.l,.-..    1,,..:.mI 

Mfih  -<- 

■        ■    ■       '                      ■       '■    -     .Uiil 

m. 

^.   1 

m 

A    ^  ^__   _  .  Lhere, 

1(1  liu*  I'VOTit  dill  honoar  to  my  porvers  of 
Livluaiioiu  A  fjiir  meek  ^laiioima  fiice,  1 
tode  it^  with  eves  all  love,  arid  a  mouth  nil 
jTitlene^s.  Too  much  lt>ve,  aiid  to«>  little 
>wcr,  ID  t '  '  '  •  eouatenajieo,  to  fit  it  for 
lis  work  Itl, 

The    in; I  1    mistrem   coimtig     la    to 

»ive  u»«\  I  r  1  ml  m    Malioganj  friend  quite 

fi^ht  in  thr       u   ::•  siittiis.     I  maidea  pleasant 

isit»  and    1     ii  inl  -d  him  with  a  courteous 

ag   i   wvtiL       ir      We   umkratooil  each 

I  did  It  t  the  Chrise  much  in 

driys,    c      ,  '-ty    speaking ;   but, 

\y  year  v^iiii  otd,  there  waa  a  Uauk  on 

t  .L  liraooh  of  the  tree  that  looke«i 

L'V'jsi  to  ineL 

Bad  news  !'^  said  m^  Mahogany  Friend, 
'"     And  bad,  indeed^  it  was.     The 
crape  bonnet  of  tlie  wi«low  which 
.  <h9  Cotta^  for  a  time,  had  moniited 
higher  ;  out,  it  seemed  now  as  if  it 
,    ornJ  out  of  a  little  nest  of  mourning 
Le.id 
Th  >  e  mntor  I   fell   ill,    and  waa 

lere»i  U.'  it  ijuuthem  climate.  I  remained 
iwajr,  aeverrvl  )  ears — a  siifhdently  long  time, 
in  bu^,  to  lav  in  a  good  stock  of  health,  ao 
tliat  I  WBB  better  able,  on  my  return,  to 
i .  '   •  the  damp  air  and  clayey  aoU  round 

l:  lu 

Ci^iild  exceed  the  loquacity  of  my 
Friend,  when  I  went  up  to  tht- 
L  -  .  ,  my  return.  Instead  ofjillowin^jf  me 
to  draw  my  own  conclimions  from  what  he 
ahowi^d  me,  he  began  to  talk  in  a  most  unre- 
served manner. 

**l/>ok  h»'r»? !"  says  he,  "don't  you  think 
t        '  -r  than   it  ever  did 

i  lUom'a  hat  hauiriiig 

ci«.»Mi'  i<.  ir  f  tiiM  fs  »  illiara'a.  old  Wiiltuni, 
or  Sweet  William,  as  we  cidl  him  ;  see  how 
manly  it  1  '■-  ^  .  p<?ople  aay  it  haa 
grown  vv  £  mie«l  to  carry  on 

mv  Ik..  tJ  ,  but,  I  know  l>etter» 

'<  -('nt,  Sir.     Tliat  cap 

\  !  1 1 's  3'oung  George's. 

*  uuu?d  that  sort  of  cap  because  all 

1  Et'»o   fvUows  do  ;    an   ar^^ume-iit 

rer  Katie  does  not  mlmit. 
■  ilin  hat  just  underneath 

'  i"^.     Tom,  air,  is  ' 

i  \ig.    I  see  the 

'  ui -s  [Fftning  downsoanxiuuM^ 

hat  !     But,  it  a  of  uo   U!?e, 
boy's  mind  a  made  up.      I 
not  tell  you  who  owna   this 
I  uthenij  eh  ?    Ha»  it  not  juei 

aucii  a  pretty,  jaunty,  wayward^  high-spirited 


warmhearted  look,  aa  Katie  herself?  It 'a 
the  hat  I  lore  to  carry,  l>ri<t  of  all  !     Though 

I  have  no  objection  U>  '  'a. 
with  ita  flatteTing  libl'  * 
thatched   roof  on   (' 

Minnie.     Bleu  yoi  i 

the  people  .stoop  do ,1.  ^  ,.,.,..  r 

while  ti:»))  to  IcHjk  at  the   li  i 
neath  !     Tliia  Le  Harrj's  hat  h  _        i. 

Oh,  you  may  be  Bure  that,  while  tiioy  can, 
that  brother  and  aiater  will  be  aide  by  aide  ! 
This  brown  wide-awake  ia  Harry's  too^nuid- 
cap,  we  call  him — and  thia  greeu  Tnt»I««j 
hat,  with  the  peacock's  feathers,  i  '  \, 
too  ;  and  thia  Glengarry  bonnet — ;  . 

Air.  Mum  !     Harry  hais  no  end  of  :  i 

they  all  aeud  him  preaeutjs ;  :uid,  a-  - 

almost  all  his  time  out  of  do«^na,  w  ^' 

a  more  appropriate  present  thou  ^ 

fur  that  wild  heail  of  hia^  eh,  «dr  ?  1 .  .  l  o 
neatly  trimmed^  ladylike  bouneta,  Wiih  it 
c^jaraer  one  in  the  centre,"  eontiimed  my  friend, 
nearly  out  of  hia  mahogany  breatit,  ^theftii, 
Mr.  Mura,  belong  to  our  twins  and  their 
-.     Katie,  you  aee,  has  pti  1 

ro  that  yoke,  and  Miimi*'  i  r 

II  oij  \,'i  ■  but  dear  me,  how  I  do  eiiaiii  r  : 

"  Not  at  all,  my  Malioj/any  Friend,**  1 
polittdy  replied.  His  remmrk  was  striotly 
true,  but  I  wiahwl  to  encourage  hini ;  )>ecauw^ 
like  many  chatterers,  he  seemed  instinctively 
to  avoid  the  very  point  on  wliich  I  lelt  some 
ctirioaity. 

On  one  aide  of  the  atand,  but  much  nearer 
the  top  than  any  of  the  otherH,  wa»  percbad  a 
large,  detei-mined^  grim-Iookuiir  Bonnet,  It 
vvaa  v».TV  pLiin  that  K;itie's  .^f»anianl  and 
Hart  •  ''''  '  .  '  '  --  ••  '■  '  :  -t; 
thii;  t. 

and  ladylike  to  be  demonstrative,  inclined 
ueiiivr  to  wu-'h  other,  as  if  they  sin  ink  ii  nn 
it  ;  that  Wliliain's  hat  seemed  looi  i 

that   George's   was  running  awav  L 

Tom'a  waa  sailing  away,  from  iL 

The  Cottage  hkd  a  neeuliiuf  expi^eaaion,  or 
else  I  am  much  iui)«Ui.ken  ;  it  ha<l  a  aort  of 
upward  lo^k  in  tlie  direction  of  the  solitary 
hung   cloaer   thaii    aver  to 


lx»ntHft,   iwid    It 
Willivim's  haL 
"That  ■■-  1 

flome  Iuk:. 

bre«ch    of  ta^^te 


king  bonnet   ia  aomoihintf 
Frjeud,"  1  obser^'ed  with 
i   felt  it   was  nither  a 


iur 


to   allude   to    the  one  only 
subject  on  which  my  fri«nd  had  been  silent. 

"  It  may  be  new  to  yon,  Mr.  Mum,"  waa 

the  I'eply,  in  a  decidedly  ne^viah  tone.  "  who 

have  been  amusing  yourself  in  Italy  all  these 

yt^ans  ;  but,  it  is  not  uuw  vtiottgh  to  have  any 

I  .     It  is  a  lieaver  1  u 

hat  ia  the  rea^^n  it 

1    w.iin.>    Lii.ii   .'►iile    of   me    Ofttau    ache--^    wwn     Lilt+ 

weight  of  it.  * 

**^Why,  how  .-'»'  f«.*'»  l"«  y  I  }v*k*n\,  deter- 
mined to  sift  t  tluit  I  had  one© 
^•egan,  •'  almos'  i  U  ou  the  othei 
side." 


6CU 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


CCottftMlaAlr 


"So  you  tWiik,"  pmrnbled  ray  friend.     "If  ainc<*  that  day  that  corner 
jou  were  hut  to  know  the  relief  it  is  to  me,  i  stand  has  hail  ntther  n  dmoh 

when  the  Bi^aviT  is  Uki'ti  down  for  its  dnUy  '  fjoor  < '    -  i— -•! 

*Con»titutiun«l/  you  would  think  dilfereutiy.  ,  tlie  « 
Why.  if  I  did  not  tuiHa  it^  lH>dily,  I  slioiifd  i  (ier-r 


'rts  never  Wen  tUv  . . 
nor  iW  country  r- 
tap,  indeed,  hur'? 


know  it  was  gone,  l>y  the  way  tlie  children   the  (.'oitage  in  the  holidays, 
come  btjundiiig  ur»d  Bpringing  into   thr  l"dl»  I  not  hust  siU  the  year ;   and    i 
!»ud  darting  np  to  uie  ;  or  by  seeing  uld  Nelson  ■  jjiudin  was  aoon  on  blue  water,  a 
sciunfHT  acrfxjts  into  the  drawing-room  with 
his  muddy  jiawa.'^ 

"  But,  to  whom  doea  it  belong  1 "  I  iii«iatetl. 

"  Why,  I  IfH  you,"  annwered  the  old  Stand, 
^•uHly,  *"  it  l)elouga  to  '  Aunt."  "     (T  poi^itivelv 


|j;any  Friend   (grown  taciturn)  in 

in  exprcflsive  pantoniiin^  by  holdm^  uul 

bare  arm, 

I  went  awny  too,  much  about    -*         » 
time — not  that  I  was  much  lona,  tli  ■ 


.niHrni  that  he  had  never  told  me  anytlung  vfitlitl  en'   when   1  told  1 


threatening  of  my  old 

aeross  the  Alpa  ;  no  inn 

On  my  return,  I 


the  kind  :  but  let  tliut  pass.) 

••  Whitt  do  you  think  llarry  did  one  day  1  '* 
pursued  my  friend.  '*  He  Htuck  it.  up  at  the 
top  «jf  all  (whei"e,  between  ourselves,  I  have  ]  Mahogany  FiiendL 
no  doubt  it  will  I'fstabUsh  itHplf  some  i\iky)  and  -^-''^  — -u  i.:-i 
then  he  CitUed  Katie  and  Minnie  to  come  and 
bow  down  before  Gesler's  Imt.  Minnie  looked 
terrified,  and  kept  watchbiK  '  Aunt's '  door- 
it  opens  on  the  »lairca?e,  that  she  may  come 
out  at  odd  time«  and  glare  at  Ufl,  to  Bets  what 
we  are  all  about.  Katie  tossed  hrr  black 
locks,  and  said  she  did  not  care  who  came  out, 
for  she  supposed  Harry  mij^ht  jmt  the  thines 
where  he  pleaBed,  in  hit*  own  mother's  lialL 


There  they  stood,   such   a  pretty  group  of  j  faded  and  discoloured 
rebels  on  a  small  scale,  looking'  up  at  me  !    Stand  was  changed  tc 


itaelf    much    higher,   iiiuoediuWly    over    ihm 
Cottage.    My  old   friend  infi>riueil    mr  thaf^ 
during    my    abaeuce,    Katic*fi    and    J  ^ 
hat   would   sometimes  apprc»acU   it^   < 
Minnie's    straw  crvep    cofu\Ii 
but,  that  the  moment  the  1 
stride,  all   the  smaller  tribe   xl^^^    .-n     ,..    n 
tangent,  and   theie   the  Beaver  remained   In 
triumph,  towering  over  iU  poor  iv. .  !,   t..;.,;,. 
hour,  the  CotUige,  whose  blue  rib 


The  other 


Stand  was  changed  too,  and  I  felt  ratb 
And  do  you  know  what  those  gorxl-for -nothing  I  plcxed  iind  uneasy  at  the  species  of  an , 
little  conspirators  jilanned  next  day  ?  HniTy  I  saw  there.  The  nemralwing  iuiluiuice  ttf 
had  a  scarlet  fez  amon"-  hi«  hoai'ds,  and  they  the  twins,  imd  their  iuse])arable  companioil, 
pinched  it  into  a  Cap  of  Liberty,  and  perched  was  removed  to  some  acliool  in  France,  1 
it  up  here  immediately,  over  the  Beaver.  But  beiieve.  Aa  to  Hariy,  he  must  have  been  m 
William  chanced  to  come  down  first  to  break-  I'eal  ITyditi,  if  he  couhi  wear  all  tliosf  hat^  and 
fast  that  morning  J  and  he  looked  erave,  ;aid !  capa,  Bejiidea  my  old  friends,  there -was  An 
took  it  off,  and  miid,  •  that  wasn't  tne  w'ay  to  i  Oxford  boating  hat,  and  a  velvet  biintiug 
go  to  Work,'  Harry  and  Katie,  who  had  been  cap,  and  a  eteeple-ehase  jockey  cap,  and  a 
dodging  about,  watching  for  some  one  else, 
looked  rather  dL»coneerte<i,  but  by  no  means 
eroaa,  for  they  always  listen  to  William  ;  and 
dear  old  WUliam  is  sure  to  be  right." 

For  some  time  after  this,  1  detected  no 
great  change  in  tlie  expression  of  my  Ma- 
hogany Friend,  and  he  volunteered  no  new 
contidencea.  Sometimes,  besrt  hats  went  away  ; 
but,  then,  the  home  hats  that  still  lingered 
gave  a  promise  of  return.  The  grim  Beaver 
went  on  towering ;  the  Cott.-ige  went  on 
nestling;  the  two  sets  of  feathei-s  went  on 
waving  about,  all  much  im  u.sual,  until 
William's  hat  went  away,  and  staid  away 
longer  than  u.sual.  When  it  returned,  it  had 
rather  a  different  look  about  it ;  and,,  not  long 
after  ita  return,  came  a  sti-ange  straw"  bat, 
a  8wi*»hat,  auchaa  ladies  (not  peasants)  wear 
in  their  excursions  through  Switzerland.  It 
Wiw  a  good  hat,  I  dare  «ay  ;  indeed  I  know  it 
waa,  bee^ause  William  said  it  was  ;  but,  to  me, 
it  looketi  atnmgti  at  the  Chase,  and  I  am  an  old 
man  and  do  not  like  w^hat  is  strange.  It 
always  hung  next  to  William's — very  close 
indeed— rind  the  two  hats  always  went  out 
and  came  in  at  the  same  time.  At  last,  the 
Swiss  httt  flapped  away,  and,  what  was  wnrs^i 


Gterman  travelling  caj*,  and  goodnetcj  kuoiva 
how  many  more.  Round  about,  like  aat^jiit«N^ 
hnng  all  manner  of  bad  imitatious,  in  thd 
shape  of  visiting  hats  and  caps,  with  alj  ehe 
reckless  look  and  none  of  the  gejiume  tur  tft 
Harry's  liead-gear.  In  the  midst  of  these,  I 
seai'che^l  anxiously  for  the  gbLa',  ray  pirW 
hats;     Minnie's,   I   saw,   h»«J  VH-t-'  If 

into  a  little  shy  corner,  and  rena  .f 

with  a  sort  of  scared  look.  Bui,  i^.Ki*-  ;,,  ^f 
course  that  was  there,  in  the  very  Uiidst  of  Uio 
throng — not  quite  so  close  to  Harry's  as  nsual, 
l»ecause  it  hunjj;  on  the  same  branch  with  a 
dark  blue  foniglng  cap. 

Now,  when  this  cap  caught  my  eye,  I  un- 
derstood a  gooil  dcAl,  becauiie  I  am   in  Ulo 
habit  of  understanding  what  I  see  ;  buty  cer- 
t;dnly,   I    never  anticii^ted   »dl   the  tronble 
that  foraging  cap  was  destined  to  give 
The  lectures  I  should  have  to  thn.nv  ai 
the  confessions  I  should  Iwi  dtjomed  U>  linten 
the  tears  and  prayers  I  should  Imve  to  with- 
stand— or  to  fancy  1  wntlist'""]  :    di.    eailv 
and  late  walks  with  Kate  it  v 
when  it  would  have  been  nn 
fortable  and  respectable,  at  my  time  of  Uf©^ 
to  have  been,  either  in  bed,  or  sitting  over 


for  all  of  na,  William's  soon  followed  it,  and  |  the  tire  in  my  own  chimney  comer. 


^ 


I  coafeflsed  before,  that  I  have  no  affectioQ 
for  wluit  i»  strange  ;  but,  aoinehow,  by  degi"ee« 
the  cvip  in  quest  ion  ig^w  more  Ctiniiliar  to  m« 
thjui  1  thou'  "  '  '.at  first.  It  began  to  have 
a  K'^'^j  ^*'  ^  '*S»  8oldier-lLke  expres- 

sion al»out  i'  ,  :^<..ui  L  aid  not  think  it  worth 
the  coil  my  silly  Katie  made.  Perhapfi  if  the 
poor  Cottage  had  had  more  influence  than 
rould  h*3  expected  firom  a  sick  room,  or  if  the 
Beaver  had  not  made  itself  more  than  usually 
grim  on  the  occtution,  or  if  Harry's  conduct 
had  been  a  little  more  uniform  towards  the 
fom^ng  cap  (I  mean  no  pun,  for  I  hop«  I 
am  incapable  of  such  a  thmg),  and  had  not 
shown  quite  such  lofty  irritation  when  it  took 
to  Imnging  about  Katie's  black  feathers^  with 
which  notliing  iu  Harry '^  sight  couhl  com- 
paie  ;  alnn-e  idl,  perhaits^  if  dear  old  William, 
with  his  clear  sight,  his  gentle  he^rt,  andper- 
8Ua;aive  firmnesa,  had  l^en  at  hand,  Katie 
might  have  been  inclined  to  listen  to  reason. 
However,  as  it  was,  the  oflencr  the  fora^'mg 
cap  was  ordered  off  the  branch,  the  nearer 
Katie's  black  plume  waved  menacingly  by  it, 
looking  as  ferocious,  on  a  smidl  scale,  as  the 
famous  plume  of  feathers  on  the  helmet  that 
Caine  plump  into  the  famous  Castle  of  Otranto. 
Thei«e  did  eome  a  day^  however,  when  I  missed 
the  capi  and  in  its  stead  hung  a  beautiful  Utile 
riding  whip,  with  a  motto  in  gold  letters 
rouud  the  handle— old  English  letters,  I  be- 
lieve I  rose  greatly  iu  the  etstimation  of  my  old 
friend,  for  rearling  the  motto  off  bo  easily  ;  he 
knew  it  by  hearty  he  said,  and  so  did  Katie  -, 
she  always  repeated  it  aloud  to  him,  when 
she  took  it  doviTi  every  day,  and  sometimea 
twice  a  <lay. 

"  No  force  ma  movo 
Affixed  Love.** 

As  to  Beaver,  she  had  puzzletl  over  it  for 
ever,  an<l  eould  not  midce  it  out.  The  whip 
wa*i  seMom  out  of  Kati^  s  hiuid  ;  but,  pretty 
as  it  was,  the  wilful  child  actually  prefeiTed 
the  cap.  There  waa  a  great  deal  of  wet 
weather  about  that  time,  which  I  suppose 
cauMd  my  favourite^s  feathers  to  droop  like 
weeping  willows,  so  that  I  could  scarcely 
bear  to  see  them.  But,  I  was  obliged  to  bear 
it  often  enough,  I  can  tell  you  ;  they  would 
»mc  umlding  LntJ:>  my  very  study,  in  the 
'middle  of  a  tjulet  morning  ;  they  would  come 
to  lunehe«jn,  and  to  walk,  without  the  slightest 
eneoumgeitient  on  my  part ;  and  actually  one 
wild  auttmui  nighty  when  the  curtiuns  were 
drawn,  luid  the  fire  made  up,  and  I  was  sitting 
in  false  security  with  my  glass  of  negus,  and  a 
new  periodieiU  ;  what  should  come  dripping  in, 
^t  that  everlasting  plume !  Much  ailo  I 
to  get  rid  of  it  at  all,  or  to  induce  it  to 
ig  itself  up  on  its  own  legitimate  Hat- 
stand,  that  night ;  for,  it  had  half  a  mind  to 
spread  its  wiM  feathers  and  fly.  Ah,  Katie, 
Katie,  the  dark  rainy  walk,  too,  we  htwi  of  it ! 
You  so  provokiugly  holdmg  out  your  ungloved 
hand  to  see  if  it  raiiieii,  iu  answer  to  ray  lamen- 
tations, and  both  of  us  wet  to  the  skin  !     I 


spoke  out  to  you,  XCatie  ;  but  what  was  the 
use?  TlieonlyiUJ8wer»yougaveme,w*ei\;  *'  V'nt 
I  don't  care  for  what  they  a?iy,  dear  Grow,  i , 
(that  was  iny  uurrjc  at  the  Cbjwe,  and  Katit> 
was  my  gCMimoiher),  *'  and  L  can't  help  it 
il'  people  wdl  }m*  Ul-uatured,  atid  I  am  much 
to<t  unha}ir»y  to  cjuv  about  that  sort  of 
thing ;  and  I  love  him*"  But  the  darling 
did  care  too.  She  did  care  very  much 
when  words  poaaed  between  her  and  Harry 
for  the  first  time  in  their  lives.  She  did 
cai'e  when  the  Beaver  w^ent  into  the  sick 
room  to  make  grim  mischief;  and  she  did 
care  when  Growler,  the  present  writer,  looked 
really  grave  at  hist,  and  showed  he  plainly 
did  not  appix^ve ! 

Just  about  thiK  time,  there  an--  --l     •  d 
hooked  itself  on  to  nil  su'm  of  my 
Frienrl,  at  fir^t  so  low  tliat  it  used  1 1 
and  then,  by  degrees,  creeping  nea 
Beaver  than  any  living  hat  (so  to  -]  i 

ever  dared  approach  before,  a  species  of 
sleek,  damp,  broad-hrimmed  nondescript.  It 
liad  a  sort  of  shy,  8<j|uiuting  way  of  looking 
downwards,  and  yet,  at  the  same  time,  in- 
clining upwanls  in  the  direction  of  the 
Beaver.  At  last,  oh  joyful  day,  in  our  etdendai' 
at  the  Cha4*e!  it  walked  off  with  the  Bea%*er, 
and  never  came  bivck  ! 

I  shall  never  forget  the  long  breath  my 
Mahogany  Friend  drew,  on  that  delicious 
occasion.  "  I  feel  as  young  and  as  buoytuit, 
Mr.  Mum,**  said  he,  **as  on  the  day  I  was 
first  put  up.  One  wink,  sir,  from  the  old 
stick  and  Hshing-rod,  standing  youder,  would 
send  me  whirling  round  the  hall  in  a  polka. 
What  do  you  think  the  housekeeper  said  to 
Katie,  in  my  hearing  f — *  Well,  to  be  sure, 
Miss,  here's  a  pretty  business,  for  to  think 
as  your  amit  should  have  been  and  gone  ajjd 
got  mai'ried  tu  Sly  boots,  and  we  who  put  up 
with  her  so  long,  for  her  money,  to  be  cheated 
after  all  ! '  *  I  would  never  have  put  up  with 
her/  said  Katie,  with  a  cheek  like  those 
mountain-ash  berries  over  the  old  fire- place. 
*I  don't  want  her  money.  1  hate  the  very 
sound  of  money.  I  never  knew  a  person  wlvo 
was  worth  caring  for,  that  hud  any  money  1  * 
And  up  she  bounces  to  my  side,  Mr,  Mum, 
and  tears  off  her  hat,  with  very  little  respect 
for  my  feelings,  I  can  tell  you.'* 

Little  traitress,  thought  I  to  myself,  when 
the  Stand  had  doue  talking,  I  have  half  a 
mind  to  rush  home  and  wi-ite  a  c<j<licil  !  Bui, 
on  the  whole,  1  didn't.  .\nd  not  lung  after 
Beaver*8  departure  (Katie  always  tcoutd  say 
Aunt's  elopement)  wliat  should  hau^  itself  iu 
that  very  phice,  for  weeks  together,  but 
Growler's  identical  hat — mine — Mj*.  Mum's  ! 
I  can  see  Katie  now,  ou  tlp-tt»e,  with  her  arm 
embi-aeing  my  Maliogany  fcViend,  spiuuiug 
auil  twisting  my  hat  round  ami  round,  till  I 
vfrily  thought  the  brim  and  oaiwu  would 
part  eompaiiy.  But,  even  if  they  ha4i,  it 
would  have  been  gf*od  repayment  to  hear  the 
child's  merry  laugh  again,  which  ha*l  l»een 
hushed  so  long  ;  and,  after  all,  she  gave  me 


563 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


iCmAuttf^hr 


ft  new  httt  liLTBeir  the  day  I  went  to  chui-cli  1 
irith  Iter  to  give  her  uwh^  ;  forsbesbM 
WHA  det^rat'tiiid  that  her  «le«r  oWgr" 
father  sU«mld  l    '        '  ^  '  '  \     The  triuu  .-,, 
afltr  I  hft^l    '  at   the   ChAse^ 

bythee-nuvs  ,,  .or  i:Mthi^4t.^  np 

TT.'ii-in-'y  hut  (v^''---:  '"  'li  ^ovriy  i, toi'-^) 

k  also,  nij  teattiera  moveti 

k,  and  dt  i    fluttered,  and 

tQbsed  iUid  trembled  ;  and — well  !  and  I  sup- 
iK>ae  it  wafl  all  right !  I  only  know  1  brought 
it  about ;  it  w:»a  a  real  ienfit,  us  the  ItaUAna 
any,  that  wedti'mg  with  n  prettit%  pretty,  bride  ; 
but  I  hate  we+tdings,  arid  will  never  go  to 
another—  no,  not  evuti  to  Miunic*8.  The  fo- 
:■'••'  -ip,  you  itiay  snppose,  did  not  go  to 
lit  a  bn^n  new  hat  did  (I  hftt«  hnui 
._  .  — mine  wna  bmn  new  loo — they  ahine 

3o)  and  the  <*ap  drove  off  afterwards,  with  as 
many  bright  hopea  lu  it  as  ever  lilled  a  ciip  of 
any  description,  old^  middle-aged,  or  new ; 
before  or  auice. 

I  went  home  again,  to  the  Den,  that  very 
day.  Home,  did  1  «ay  ?  Well ;  Katie 
allowed  me  to  live  there,  and  did  not  n»k 
much  re»t»  and  I  don't  know  who  would  be 
moi"©  likely  to  w«teh  over  the  little  wife'« 
interests  than  her  fluent.  Growler,  while  she 
waa  mai-cliing  over  the  eountry  fi*om  quarter 
to  quArter. 

A  year  and  a  half  hfts  passed  since  theti, 
and  times  have  changed  with  my  MahogAny 
Friend,  who  was  obstinately  sileiit,  and  looked 
very  blank,  through  all  that  term.  William's 
hat  has  come  bock — not  the  old  Itat,  but  one 
t>f  forci»^i  manufacture — and  Mrs.  William's 
hat,  (made  formore  inn  than  she  will  get  here), 
luLS  como  along  with  it,  and  tliree  or  four 
littlej  outlandifiK,  fi^r-away,  over-the-sea  sort 
of  head^lresaei*,  for  wliich  1,  who  have  never 
ciHKBscd  the  Line,  or  Vi^en  farther  sooth  than 
Palenmo,  can  find  no  name,  cluster  around 
them  ;  and,  better  than  all,  for  all  would  be 
incomplete  without  them,  my  Katie's  black 
plume  lind  the  foraging  cap  have  come  back, 
and  hang  up  with  the  re«it — tia  the  coxmtry- 
]ieople  my,  "  quite  natural."  Wliat  the  putfy 
little  cream-coluured  hood,  (mucJi  too  email  I 
should  have  thought  for  anything  living),  that 
hanga  there  too,  may  mean,  or  what  tiny 
animal  may  be  in  the  habit  of  weariuj^'  it,  I 
don't  know — but,  I  have  no  doubt  luitie 
knowB — and  indeed  sheaays  I  'm  its  godfather 
The  faded  Cottage  ia  bleached,  and  has  a  new 
lilbtin,  and  comes  out  quite  fresh  ;  and  there's 
a  dreadfully  auspicious  young  hat  neai*  Minnie's 
lH>aiiet.  In  a  word,  my  Maho^y  Friend  is 
perfectly  railiant,  and  stoo^i,  out  yesterday, 
with  jJl  his  tive-and  twenty  arms  a-kimlx>,  an  J 
all  his  huU  cocked,  looking  at  me  with  the 
ioUiest  aspect  I  ever  otiserved  in  him. 

"  You  comiiiler,''  I  bei^n,  aiiidresain^  him 
familiarly,  and  preauming  on  our  friendsliip-^ — 

"  To  make  short  work  with  yon,  Mr.  Mum,*' 
he  replied,  "  I  ooiifiider  my  history  fini^ihed, 
Oiid  1  never  mean  to  say  any  mure." 


My  opiidon  ia,  that  he  Xiever  will,  muI  U^ 
'     uuf^lit  to  blush  French  |iaUsh    for  h&ruij^ 
I  »o  much,  about  so  littU. 

A  SUBIIRBAX  CX>NNEMAKA. 

I  w.\s  bom  and  bred  in  Manchester.  Mr 
t^arliest  inipresaion — which  has  iiarvity  kA 
me  yet — thikt  all  rich  men  ajr«  miil-ovciem, 
and  all  poor  men  and  women  merely  0fBa- 
nei'&  I  am  proud  of  being  a  ]S[ancLeat«f 
I  man ;  for  there  ia  not  a  town  more  ord&riy 
lor  better  lighted  and  paved,  or  '  '  -ly) 
'better  swept,  in  England.     Till  ur- 

and'tweuty    I    had    never   been 
native  town.      Early   and    late 
my    father"*    counting-house,    w 
thinking    of   stirring  out  of    it, 
a  holiday  ;  for  my  father   used   t  .  .    _ 

'  God  gave  man  one  day  out  of  ewrj  ■•v«n 
for  rest,  and  He  knew  what  was  «O(0<Kffii  for 
him.  I  uiied  to  hear  of  London  at  thai  time, 
and  to  fancy  that  Watling  Street  -R-n^  a  \nnd 
of  High  Street  to  the  Metropolis^ 
corresfMndenta  dated  irom  Wr. 
When  the  railway  opened,  there  came  u  gri*: 
change  in  thia  respect,  I  made  my  6ji4 
journey  to  London ;  and  finding  thM  I 
knocked!  off  a  good  deal  of  business  by  tihiti 
transaction^  I  begnn  to  nm  up  to  town  neasAf 
every  week,  which  I  have  continued  to  <& 
ever  since. 

Thus,  though  I  am  a  Manohestor 
know  the  City  as  well  as  any  Lotidon«r, 
know  every  court  and  alley  of  it,  and 
nuike  short  cuts^  and  find  the  neArevt 
from  any  one  part  of  that  gi-eat  1   ' 
another.  I  conJTesg  I  am  not  so  w- !  -i 

with  the  suburbs.  I  had  always  .i  iJt\  *.: i  ra 
impression  of  the  northeni  niile  of  J^ondon, 
from  the  pretty  villaa  and  cottagea  which  I 
had  remarked  on  each  aide  of  the  line,  on 
coming  up  by  the  North-Westem  Riulwi!iy% 
Therefore,  havinj^  lately  found  it  ftilviaable  to 
tnuisfer  my  bosmeas  altogwthei*  to  Wailing 
Street,  City,  I  resolved  to  aeek  in  that  qimrler 
for  a  residence  for  myself  and  family.  Another 
reaaon  induce*!  rae  to  selei't  th.at  sT»4>t.  My 
j>r>od8  arc  coming  up  continimlly  by  the  North 
Western  Piii'dway  ;  and  havi 
sious  hi  the  West  Riding,  wl. 
by  the  Great  Northeri:  ''•  .^    ,^* 

somewhere  between  Bji!  Button. 

4S(iiiai'e  :  in  order,  occ4i-  „     •  an  ey© 

to  my  oonsignmeuts  at  both  stations.  With 
this  ]iurpu»e  I  procured  a  new  man,  on  a 
large  scale,  in  order  to  see  all  the  Victcwi^ 
Crescents  and  Albert  Ten-aces  there*oVH>,it5^ 


at 


I  di'ew  out  my  pocket  compass- 
the  line,  reduced  it  one  half  ;  an 
the  unknown  locality,  brou  '  ' 
the  dividnr's  plumb  upon  a 
once  read  off  troin  t'- '  ••'  •• 
Looking  moi'e  mi 
particular  poini  1 

"  SaUabury  <  A  could  not   i 

an  exdamati  I  >rtiictionj  aa  Oafoni  imU 


1 

i 


m 


C%wfn  U!«iten.] 


A  SUBURBAN  CONNEMABA. 


Cauuhridge  Creaeerita  also  met  my  eye.  With- 
out further  dulHy.  I  stnuk  a  Ixalf-iniie  circle  ; 
Add  aa  I  «ibserved  thcn^iu  fteveral  streets  and 
terraces  beju-ing  the  iiaiues,  Cauterburyj 
Wiuclitater,  Dtii'ham,  SHliabury,  &c.,  I  cou- 
ehidcJ  th&t  this  was  (aa  it  eventually  turued 
It  to  be)  Cboi-ch  property;  and,  oa  a  lover 

order  ivnd  decency,  I  coiiOTatulatdd  myself 
(m  the  felicitous  idea  thut  nad  suggested  to 
me  that  nuighbourhood ;  for  1  felt  this  dr- 
cunistonce  to  be  a  guarautee  of  an  orderly 
atid  weti^reguLated  estate. 

fVom  these  high^Bounding  Dame«.  honrdyer, 
T  had  Botae  mifigiviogB  that  the  oonses  in 
tkat  neigbbourhooil  might  be  of  too  expensive 
a  class  for  a  man  of  moderate  meana.  SliU, 
I  nsaoired  to  proceed  there,  and  reconnoitre, 
in  tJie  hope  of  finding  a  decent  little  place^  at 
m  moderate  firure.  bo,  with  my  map  in  my 
}i  '       1*^  down  to  King's  Ci-osa,  and  pro- 

i-  r  ig  the  old  Fancraa  Road,  entered 

the  ivnigii  Aoad,  which  is  the  boundary  of 
tlis  property  I  was  eeaking.  I  hail  not  gone 
far  bevond  a  large  buildings  which  I  found 
WSA  tne  St.  Paucnu  Workhoiue,  when  I 
obaerveil  a  woman  and  a  number  of  ragged 
children  drawing  a  truck.  The  truck  oon- 
iaine4^  a  t-abto,  two  or  three  old   chairs,  and 

[le  kitchen  uteiusila,  with  a  large  bundle  of 

l-clothes  tied  up  in  a  patchwork  quilt, 
ke  entire  strength  of  the  company  was 
exerted  to  draw  the  track  up  the  steep  path- 
way of  a  t  M  the  light-hand  ade  of 
the  road,  it,  y  siicceeded  at  leuc^h  ; 
and  the  w.-h  vh,  i^inigsUog,  with  her  liair 
about  her  fftee,  nrul  her  lioiuitft  hjaiging  round 
hrr  i.rwlr  tl„.  fnu'k  TiKkve-d  on,  aide<i  by  the 
V  ung  family  behind, 
'li  ^  t  above  the  road, 
whifh  nua  21  ctnnpletc  bog  of  mud  and  filth, 
with  de<ip  Ciirt-ruU ;  the  ti-uck,  oscillating 
and  bounding  over  the  inequalities  of  the 
narrow  i^nthway,  tlireateued  every  moment 
%^i  1  with  the  woman,  her  lamily,  and 
ni                      lly  ^cK>ds. 

I  ni'^n'     \S  ry^       --  -  -    *'-   ■ 

tureequo  in   r)i 

i]\f^  ri>?»>|rai'.    ..,  .       ,- 

'.     I    -nl)|.i     1   ..1      I    rip     |. 

llOVVrVi'!-j     ;»     .-|>i-i;i;iJ      1' 

watch  over  the  party,  I  begiui  to  give  up  all 
fear  of  a  mishap  ;  when,  suddenly,  the  inner 
wheel  cncouutt-red  a  amall  hillock  of  dust  and 
vegetalile  refuse  at  the  d*x»r  of  n  eottJige,  and 
finally  shot  it»  cont^^nt^  into  the  deep  plough 
of  the  roadway.  The  woman  turned  back  ; 
and,  having  well  thumiRnJ  the  hernia  of  her 
lamjly,  se.itod  heraelf  upon  the  heap  of  aah*"^ 
which  had  been  the  cauiw  of  her  miaforttine,  to 
vent  the  rest  of  her  rage  in  abuse  of  a  mis- 

Ct'1l:<!:'^i  OM  I'll  ir  .n"1.iv 

iiig  to  pnsB  at  the  time, 
1"  '  I'eatore  the  chattels  to 

1  have  you  tO  ffo  ?  "  he  asked 
"  Oh  :  uot  fur/'  s.iid  she,  *•  only  to  one  of 
iheui  cottager  yonder.     It  s  verj'  aggravating 


io   painfnlly    |>ic- 

ip,  and  so  eicitiDg 

i<»u  of  an  accident, 

I  wing.     For  a  time*, 

idence    »eemeii    to 


arter  dracgin*  them  goods  rdl  the  way  fn-^m 
Snuthsea  KcDts,  and  uTl  jdou.t  iVut  tlu-r*.  nrvsty 
road,  all  right ;  jub\  j;jot 

here!  This  aiu'^t  no  v.  m\  ; 

only  my  husband  *fl  got  a  jub  thi^  uiuruLn\ 
and  we  was  obliged  to  move  out  afore  twelve  j 
which  is  the  law^  tbay  says," 

''  What  is  the  name  of  this  phi«e  I  *'  I  asked. 

**  Tliia  here,  sir  ?  '*  replied  the  woniaix ; 
"  whv,  Hagar  Town." 

"Agar  Town?"  I  exchiimcd,  with  asto- 
nishment, remembering  how  clean  and  pro- 
mising it  had  appeared  upon  the  mau.  ''  Do 
you  mean  to  say  tliat  I  am  rvally  in  Agar 
Townl" 

The  dustman,  w^o  by  this  time  had  finished 
Ida  job,  and  who  eat  upon  the  pathway 
smoking  a  short  black  i>ipe,  with  his  le^ 
dangling  over  the  road,  lite  a  patient  angler 
by  a  very  turbid  stream,  ventured  to  join  the 
conversation,  by  answering  my  question. 

*'  You  're  as  nigh,"  said  he,  "  to  the  middle  o* 
Hagar  Town  as  you  veil  can  be." 

*^  And  where,'*  said  I,  *^  is  Salisbury 
Crescent  f  '* 

"There  's  Sabsburv  Crescent  I  " 

I  looked  op,  and  saw  sevrral  wr«t«hed 
hovels,  ranged  in  a  slight  curve,  that  fwmmd 
some  excuse  for  the  name.  The  doors  were 
blocktni  up  with  mud,  heai>8  of  ashes,  oyster- 
ahells,  and  decayed  vegetablea. 

"  It 's  a  rum  place,  ain't  it  ? "  renuu<k«d  the 
dustman.    "  I  am  forced  to  •• 

it  twice  every  day,  for  my  a^ 
way;    but   I  wouldn't,  if'^  I  -j  in^i   ii<,iu   u. 
It  don^ii  much  matter  in  my  bnsiness,  a  little 
dirt,   but  Hagar  Town  is  woi'ae  nor   I  can 
abear." 

"  Ai'^  there  no  sewers  t " 

"Sooer^t  ^^t»y»  the  stench  of  a  nuny 
morning  is  enough  fur  to  knock  down  a 
bullock.  It 's  all  very  well  for  them  as  is 
hicky  enough  to  have  a  ditch  afore  their 
doors ;  but,  in  gen'ral,  everybody  chucks 
everythink  out  in  front  and  there  it  stays, 
Tl»ere  used  to  Iw  an  inapector  of  noasaiiees, 
whfu  tlie  cholemy  was  about  ;  but,  ss 
ft«:nm  tin  the  oholeiMy  went  away,  people 
sjvid  theji/  didn't  wmit  no  more  of  that  suit 
till  such  times  as  the  chot«*ray  should  bre«k 
out  agen." 

"  Is  the  whole  of  Agar  Town  in  such  ft 
deplonible  state  as  this  V*  1  asked, 

"  All  on  it !  Some  places,  wuss.  You  <»n'fe 
think  what  rookeries  there  is  in  *  - 

As  to  the  ix>!ul.H,  they  ain*t  never  ' 
notluuk  to.  They  ain't  roads.  I  recoil^vc  wn-n 
this  place  was  all  gardeners'  ground  ;  it  w^as  a 
nicepooty  place  enough  then.  7''  •  *  -'"''  :ibove 
tenor  twelve  year  ago,     Wh<  egan 

to  Vmild  on  it,  they  run  up  a  C"  ,  -  :  \vs  o* 
houses  opm-rHite  one  another,  jind  then  the 
roa*!  was  left,  fur  to  make  itj;eir.  Then  the 
ndn  come  down,  and  people  chucked  their 
nibbidge  out  ;  and  the  ground  bein'  nat*rally 
soft,  the  cartjj  fri>rii  the  brick-fields  worked 
it  all  up  into  paste." 


^ 


"  How  far  doe»  Agar  Town  extend  ? ' 

^Do  you  see  Iheitt  cinder  heap«  out 
u  yonder  1 " 

I  looked  down  in  tbe  didtanc«,  and  bebeld  a 
lofty  cliain  of  dai*k  monnUtins. 

"  Well,"  said  the  Dustuuiu,  "  lliAt  's  where 
Hngar  Town  ends — close  upon  Battle  Bridge, 
Tlitm  heaps  ia  m?ide  o'  breeze  ;  breeze  is  the 
aiflin«  of  the  duat  what  haa  been  i)ut  there 
by  the  conteractor^a  men,  arter  takin'  away 
all  the  wallyablea  as  has  been  found." 

At  this  point,  the  woman,  who  had  been 
combing  her  hair,  aroee^  and  the  truck  re- 
sumed its  perilous  journey.  The  dustman 
waited,  and  saw  it  arrive  at  its  destination,  in 
safety;  whereupon  the  dustman  having  smoked 
his  pipe,  departed.  As  I  had,  by  this  time, 
given  up  all  intention  of  seeking  a  residence  in 
that  neighbourhomljl  continued  my  researches, 
like  Dr.  Syntax,  simply  in  search  of  the 
picturesque. 

Crossing  another  bridge^for  the  canal  takes 
u  winding  course  through  the  midst  of  this 
Eden — I  stood  beside  the  Good  Simiaritrui 
public-house,  to  observe  the  houses  wiiieh  the 
dustman  had  pointed  out^  with  the  water  "  a 
flowin'  in  at  the  back  doors/'  Along  the 
CMual  side,  the  huts  of  the  settlers,  of  many 
bhapes  and  sizes,  were  cloaely  ranged.  Every 
tenant,  having,  as  I  was  informed,  liis  own 
lease  of  the  ground,  appeared  to  have  dis- 
dained to  Imitate  his  neighbour,  and  to  have 
zonstructeil  his  abode  aiccording  to  his  ovm 
ideas  of  beauty  or  convenience.  There  were 
the  dog  kennel,  the  cow-shed,  the  shanty,  and 
the  elongated  watch-box,  styles,  of  architec- 
ture. To  another,  the  ingenious  residence  of 
Rr>bin8on  Crusoe  seemed  to  have  given  his 
idea.  Through  an  opening  was  to  be  seen 
another  layer  of  dwcllingH,  at  the  liack  :  one, 
looking  like  a  diamantled  windmill  ;  and 
another,  perched  upon  a  wall,  like  a  guard's 
look-out  on  the  top  of  a  railway  cai-rlage.  The 
love  of  variety  was,  everywhere,  cjirried  io  the 
utmt^t  pitch  of  exti-avagance.  Every  garden 
had  its  nuisance — so  far  the  inhabitants  were 
agreed — but,  eveiy  nuisance  was  of  a  distinct 
and  peculkr  character.  In  the  one,  was  a 
dun"-heap  ;  in  the  next,  a  cinder-heap  ;  in  a 
third,  which  belonged  to  the  cottage  of  a 
coatemionger,  were  a  pile  of  whelk  and  peri- 
wuikle  sheila,  some  rotten  cabbages,  and  a 
donkey  ;  and  the  garden  of  another,  ex- 
hibiting a  board  inscribed  with  the  words 
"Ltulies'  School,"  had  become  a  pond  of  tliick 
gi-een  water,  which  was  ciirefully  dammed  up, 
and  iirevented  from  flowmg  over  upon  tbe 
canal  towing-path,  by  a  brick  parapet. 

I  renaember  to  have  seen,  in  a  book  written 
some  time  since,  a  chapter  devoted  to  the 
b^tu  idStfl  of  mi  English  villa  and  estate.  The 
village  church  was,  at  that  period,  considerud 
of  some  importance,  and  an  approach  thereto 
by  a^ood  nwuJ  wa.s  treated  as  aii  ekiment  in 
uecuring  tht»  comfort  and  well-beinL'  of  the 
villaigers.    1  looked  for  the  "  hcavea-dlrectini; 


spire,'*  and  thought  of  the  hoen^  ti\ou^h»^ 
quagmires  tliat  must,  neceawirfly,  be  strti| 
through  by  a  pious  fiarishionpr  ;   Jtnd   T 
dercnl  whether  it  vs 
of  courage  and   \ 

difficulties.      The    i..ii^ii:iu     ia[Ham,      v»-|i 

tended    chmeh  at   San    Fninrisco,   in 

man  s  mud-jacks,  with  ti-usvs  •*  -^  <  i-  '^^  •♦-- 

each  leg,  felt  all  his  raisgi\'inL 

ap]3earance  vanish  when  1 

di'essed  like  himself,  m 

prevailing  costume  fx 

ton  WjIs  ',  but,  I  shoulil  like  to   know  whiitl 

8>Tnj>athy  an  inhabitant  of  Agar  Town  w«tiJ<ij 

•jet,  if,  on  a  Sunday  morning.  It 

himself  before  the  parish  beadle  t 

The  Hector  of  St.  Panci-as  lini? 

to  meet  his  parishion*jrs  in  this  >  i     ' 

way;    for,  finding   the   diffi"^'' 

Agar  Town  to  chm'ch,  he  i 

to  Agar  Town  ;  and  a  neat  h  _  ^ 

temporary  church,  is  now  conveniently  pbjtt«d 
in  the  dirtiest  part  of  the  distiict. 

The    inhabitants    themselves     exbtbit    a 
genuine   Irish  apftthy.      Here   and   th<fTe'»  a 
barrow  or  two  of  oyster  shells,  broken 
and  other  dry  materials,  have  boeii 
into   tbe   mud.     In   Cambridge    How,    i  ob- 
served that  some  effort  had  l>een    niAil^   tci] 
get  a  crossing  ;  but,  r.    • "  *    nrd    indicftttti^ 
that  it  was  to  tacilitat*  vcVi  tu  **  Tht 

back  door  of  the  Good  .^  ,,.j„. .  .,.i/* 

Continuing  my  way  until  i  came  within  th4 
shadow  of  the  great  oinder-hcaps  of  Mr  F^irl:. 
the   contractor,    I  turned  off  at   Ctu 
Crescent,  to  miike  the  hazardous  «tt  .  ,  l 

discovering  a  pjissage  back  into  the  1\ 
Ilojui.     At  the  comer  of  Cambridge 
are  tbe  Tallnjt  Arms  Tea  Gardens,  btiaatl 
a  dry  skittle-grovind,  which,  if  it  be  not 
empty  boast,  must  be  an  Agar  Town  iislantL 
llie  settlers  of  Omi bridge  Crescent  are  almost] 
ail   shopkeepei-s — the  poorest  exhibiting  in 
theh*  nig-patchcHl  windows  a  few  applas  and 
red-herrings,  with  the  rhyming anuoiio'.iik.r.* 
"Table-beer,  Suld  ht^re,"  1  stJsjH'ct  a  h> 
bai'ter  prevails—the  articles  sold  tlu  i 
prehendiug,  no  doubt,  the  whole  of  lL< 
wants  of  tlie  inhabitants  ;  a  system,  j. 
suggested  by  the  difficulty  of  communiuaXiuari 
with  the  civihsed  wiuhh 

A  strajiger    in    these    parts    i 
altnwts  tlie  attention  of  tne  nei 
and  if  he  be  not  recognised  for  .m  .  i^ 

at  once  set  down  for  a  "  special  c*m  i-^" 

about  to  report  to  some  uewisj^i-  ^  .i  l)io 
cou«lition  of  the  inhabitants.  I  met  uo  oq« 
having  the  air  of  a  stranger,  except  an  tta lucky 
gentleman,  attempting  to  make  a  short  cut  to 
the  lyoudon  and  York  ilailway  st.it ion  :  atuX 
a  [lostman,  vainly  inquiring  lor    ''  it- 

tagc.     There  were  Bath,  an*!  GImi;  >^ 

Common.  Tralee,  and  Slj  *   '  ^ -,   bu^ 

Auroni  Cottage,  beiuji;  ui«  nd. 

joining  street,  wviiS  entiit-iv  mir.  i  '      The 

mud-bound    inhabitants.  '  The  of 

space  which  I  had  observed  from  ....  i-..^irt^ 


WW  also  Appiirent  here.  Every  comer  of  a 
gartlen  contained  its  hut,  well  stocked  with 
dirty  childreu-  The  hou«ie  of  oue  f:uiiily  was 
a  I»r^o  yellow  vaii  upon  wheek,  thus  rai»ed 
above  higli  ruud-mark,  Thia  was  the  neiaoRt 
dwelling  I  had  oliserved  It  had  two  red 
pointeil  Ptreet'door*,  with  bricht  brajy* 
kuockemi,  out  of  a  tall  man's  reftcn,  atid  evi- 
dently never  intended  for  kuocking — the 
entrance  bein^  by  st«p8  at  the  head  of  the 
van  ;  indeed,  I  auspect  that  these  doors  were 
what  th*?  sUige  maoagera  call  "  irupratHicable." 
The  interior  appeare<l  to  he  well  furnished^ 
and  <Hvided  into  bed-room  and  Bittinj^-room. 
Altogether,  it  had  a  comfortablti  look,  with  its 
chiuuiey^pipe  amokiJi^  ou  the  top ;  and  if  I 
were  doomed  to  live  lu  Acar  Town,  I  should 
oertaisly  like  lodgiuga  in  the  yellow  vuu. 

As  I  proceedeiJ,  my  wuy  l.>ecame  more 
perilous.  Tlie  footpath,  gradually  narrowing, 
merged  at  length  ia  the  bog  of  the  road, 
I  hesitated  ;  but,  to  turn  back  was  almost  tta 
dangerous  as  to  go  on.  I  thought,  too,  of  the 
po^ibility  of  my  waudenug  through  the 
[ubvTiitth  of  rows  and  crescents  until  I  should 
bo  benighteil ;  and  the  idea  of  a  night  In  Agai* 
Town,  without  a  single  lamp  to  guide  my 
f  .niboldeued  me  to  proceed.  Plunging 

ia»  the  mud,  and  hopping  in  the  maii- 
iivi  III  .1  Kitngaroo — fto  a&  not  to  allow  myself 
time  to  sink  and  iHsappeiu*  altogether— 1  found 
m)»elf,  at  length,  once  more  in  the  King's 
Koafl. 

It  in  not  my  wish  to  inquire  into  the  af^rs 
of  th^  ground  landlords,  or  to  attempt  to 
gu^ia  at  their  rea£ionj»  for  allowing  uuch  a 
miserable  state  of  things  to  exist  uj^x^ii  their 
property.  I  have  understood  that  the  fee  of 
tli«  estate  ia  in  the  EccleaiaBtical  Commia^ 
nioners,  and  that  the  present  owuern  hold  it 
only  for  a  Usnu  of  three  lives ;  with  a  power 
of  leasing  for  periods  not  longer  than  twenty- 
one  ycsurs  each.  If  this  be  the  case,  perhaps 
no  respectable  tenant  could  be  induced  to 
take  the  bud  for  so  short  a  term  upon  a 
building  leiu»e.  Yet,  when  it  is  coosulei-ed 
how  much  it  woidd  have  been  for  the  Kuefit 
of  all  partie-3  that  decent  and  comfortable 
dwellings  shovdd  have  occupied  the  groumi, 
instead  of  the  wretched  hutji  to  be  found 
there,  it  in  much  to  be  regrette<i  that  some 
an'angement  waa  not  entered  into  for  that 
purport!.  The  place,  in  Ha  present  state,  ia  a 
disgrace  to  the  metropjlia.  It  has  spi-nng  up 
in  alxMit  ten  year's.  Old  haunts  of  dirt  and 
mificr)',  jsiiiftred  to  exist  in  timcij  when  the 
ptddic  i^iui]  no  attention  to  such  matt^jrs,  are 
difficult  t«i  deal  with  ;  but  this  h  a  new  evil, 
which  only  Ix'gan  t*^  come  into  eiistenee  about 
the  time  'when  ill'.  Chatlwick's  Report  first 
brought  before  the  public  a  picture  of  the 
filthy  hotuea  and  habita  of  tlie  labouring  cliuaeflL 
and  of  the  frightful  amount  of  crmie  and 
miaeiy  resulting  therefrom. 

In  Ag^  Town  we  have,  within  a  short  walk 
of  the  City— not  a  gas-Hght  mnommaof  L'lJih 
minery,  "  aknost  as  gixwl  as  being  there/'  but 


a  perfect  reproduction  of  one  of  the  worst 
towns  in  Ireland,  The  land  in  well  situated— 
being  high  for  the  moet  part — and  theiefore 
cajKible  of  good  ilniinage  ;  nnd,  adthotjgh  too 
great  a  pros-imity  to  the  ctnder-heapa  might 
make  it  an  objcctioiiable  site  for  a  superior 
class  of  dwellings,  no  sjxjt  could  be  nettcr 
iidapted  for  the  erection  of  small  t^^uementa 
fi:>r  lubtRiring  men  and  mechfudcs.  It  Is 
close  to  tlie  terminus  of  one  of  the  great 
trunk  railways,  where  a  laige  number  of 
men — officers  of  the  com^^iany  and  labourers — 
are  employeii.  There  are,  ako,  many  large 
manufactories  in  the  nelghbourhoo*!.  The 
men  em])loyed  in  these  places  nmnt  reaido 
near  their  work,  and  are  con8e<]uently  com- 
pelled to  take  any  acconimo<hition,  however 
miaerabie,  which  the  neighlxiurhood  may 
affoi*d,  ami  at  whatever  coat  A  it^d|»ectjibU 
mechanic  told  me  that  he  paid  for  liis  hut  a 
rent  of  six  shillings  per  week.  This  contained 
two  rooms  oniy^ — upon  the  ground,  for  there 
waa  no  upper  story.  It  appeared  to  hav* 
Iiardly  any  ibundation,  the  boanls  of  the  floor 
being  laid  upon  the  earth,  without  a  brick 
between,  to  prevent  the  dampness  oozing 
through  ;  a  manner  of  building  which  hu 
been  ie|)eatedly  pointed  out,  by  the  Sanitary 
Couimisdioners,  as  productive  of  diaeaae.  Tha 
place  was  altogether  of  the  rudest  and  most 
comfortless  description,  and  could  not,  I  waa 
assured,  luive  coat  more  in  tlie  erection^ — ^built 
as  it  Wits  of  old  fi-agments  of  brick  and  plaatcr 
— than  forty  iK>un«ls. 

It  was  not  by  choice,  but  by  neceaaity,  that 
tliis  man  lived  in  such  a  place.  In  various 
parta,  a  certxuu  air  of  clejudmesd  in  a  dwelling, 
here  and  there,  contraBting  with  tlie  iilthy 
state  of  the  street,  gave  evidence  of  other 
inhabitanta  who  had  not  been  lc<l  by  a  mure 
taste  for  filth  and  wretchednesa  to  take  up 
their  abode  in  Agar  Town.  These  poor  people 
cannot  help  themselves  j  toiling  early  and 
late,  the  struggle  to  provide  for  the  ever- 
renewing  want«  of  the  day,  exacts  all  their 
time  ana  energies.    Who  will  help  them  I 


A  WORLD  AT  PEACE. 

SHA^POffO  the  abndowa  of  dim  times  to  come. 
The  thoughtful  mind  foreoaitts  a  acetie  of  glory ; 

Blesfiiiiga  for  all  no  longer  heap'd  on  some. 
Brighten  the  chapters  of  man  s  future  story. 

Tlie  fiercer  passions  of  the  hviroaii  brea«t 

McH  into  love,  and  swell  the  tide  of  kinduea; 

Morcy  doeoendij,  a  warmly  welcomed  guetst. 
To  those  who  once  had  spm-n'd  her  in  their 
biindaees. 

War  is  the  fiiahion  of  a  fonncr  ago, 

Of  which  the  scholar  rea<is  with  solemn  wonder; 
And  mutely  pities,  as  he  turns  the  page. 

The  madncsti  that  kept  man  uid  mau  asuuden 

The  weak  dwell  safely  ;  right  prevails  uer  might  ; 

Law  binds  its  subjects  with  a  moral  fetter  : 
All  for  some  end  of  general  good  unite, 

And  strive  to  make  the  world  they  live  in, 
better. 


^ 


la  thin  the  iilmnioQi  of  a  roct's  •Ir^nm. 

Tlifttmockihimwithadeotiir  i^loaiuret 

Or  (iivm  ibe  futvixfr  with  nucb  \: 

A&U  eveii  now  ^ve  o&rae»t  ut  i^?  Liw:u;3Lxre! 

Hc^^  i?Ti  cmlylmowH  • — Sfeonwliile,  lot  'a  do  our  boat 
r  when  in  dual  we  aujolder ; 

y\:.  :j  peace  and  real, 

Vau  tiua  ittu  i^i-jL^c  i»-t6  grown  a  oeaivu?  older. 


DEEAMS, 

Whsn  we  picture  to  oufBelvei  a  ]w»aa 
Wing  in  a  state  of  profound  sleep — ^the  VmqmIv 
ttiigfitly  curved  upon  it«flf;  the  limba  i-e- 
Uxed  ;  the  head  r    '  >  u  its  pillow  ;  itod 

eyelids  eUmed  ;— i  lul  to  think  whAt 

Kt.rHiige  and  HlartlluL'  juni/eiy  may  l>e  pnsaing 
through  the  brain  ol"  that  a[tjMrently  uncon* 
scioua  being.  The  €venta  of  his  whole  life 
mjiy  hurry  pitst  him  in  dim  obtfcuritj  ;  he 
may  be  revisited  by  the  dead  ;  he  may  be 
transported  into  i-eipons  he  never  before 
beh^dd ;  and  hin  ideaa,  visibly  assuming 
pluoitauBiDAl  shapes,  may  hover  roimd  hiiu 
!ik<'  thadowB  reflected  from  another  and  more 
upiritmaJ  state  of  exL*rt^iiee. 

Let  ua  draw  the  ciutaini  gently  aaide,  and 
study  t1       '      "    ;iiomy  of  Bleep, 

The  e  may,  ocoi»ion^y,  be  ob- 

served ',  as  it  were,  from  within  by 

a  padsir  -iU  e3C["i>:i«8iuit  is  frequently 

one  of  ] .:.     ijildness  uud  benignity;  the 

breathing  may  be  alow,  but  it  Is  calm  and 
tmiform  ;  the  pulse  not  ao  rapiil  as  in  the 
waking  state,  but  soft  and  reigular  ;  the  com- 
poaui'e  of  the  whole  bo<ly  may  continue  trance- 
like  and  perfect.  There  ie,  indeed,  no  tjigri  of 
iniino^ttf^e  more  touching  than  the  amue  of 
a     '  Infant.     But,  suddenly,  this  state 

of  y  may  be  disturbed  ;  the  dreamer 

ciiJiiiL-s  rii?.  ^rosition  imd  becomes  restlees  ;  he 
inoan«  grievously — [jerhaps  Bolia — ^and  teare 
may  be  observed  glinwuenng  underneath  his 
^rpielids  ;  his  whole  body  now  seems  io  l*e 
dnaken  by  some  inward  convidsion ;  but, 
pref?efitly,  the  strife  abates ;  the  storm-cloud 
gnvdually  passes ;  he  stretehes  his  limbs, 
opens  liis  t*yty.%  mid,  as  lue  awakes,  daylight,  in 
an  instnut,  disiK'lH  the  viaiou,  perhaps  leaving 
uot  behind  the  fainteat  trace  or  recollection  of 
i^fiiitglt'  inrident  which  occurred  in  tliia  mys- 
ioriouB  state. 

But  what  are  dreams  ?  Wlienee  corae  they  ? 
Whut  ♦lo  they  poHend  i  Not  man  only,  but 
all  animals,  it  is  presumed,  dream,  more  or 
less,  when  they  are  asleep.  Horses  neigh, 
and  some lim^  kick  viulently  ;  cows,  when 
BLieklitig  their  young  calves,  often  utter 
piteous  lo  wings  ;  dogs  baik  in  suppressed 
tones,  and,  from  the  motions  of  their  paws, 
appear  to  (nuvy  themselves  in  the  field  of  the 
clia8<j;  even  fio^ra^  piirticul'*.rly  during  sum- 
luer,  croak  loutUy  and  dif<cordantly  untU  mid- 
night, and  then  retu^e^  and  beoome  silent. 
Ph'U  'i-^..  'I ream  ;  and  will  somftLme»,  when 
fi:  «ll  from  their  roosting  peich^  or 

flu  it  their  cage,  in  ericknt  &Lu*m. 


1/ lny*q«l 

t.  iiiSi^ 


judgment, 


A   bullfinch^  tay^  RM*h»*t^o,  l^eloitginj 

lad^,   was  aubj.^  '  1 1 

which  made  it  ; 

sooner  did  tt  In  > 

miatren  thfi     I   '  i   i       Uatel/ innqi^ 

and  retuBoeiidvd  iio  pt  ri  i,  i^j,  »i*^|> 

is  pretty  eertaJu  that  parrot*  diTftio, 

indeed,  ft  curious  circumstaace  tbut 

way  of  teaching  Uiia  bird  to  •  <»«f 

the  cage  over  so  as  to  darken  it .  . .«-  be 

is  go'mg  to  sleep    pronounce,    audjbiy   «ad 

slowly,  the  word  ue  w  to  learn  ;  if  ibe  ^rlAg^i 

pupil  Vie  a  clever  one,  he  will,  upan  the  repcii> 

tion  of  the  lesson,  in  a  morning  or  t«o^  i^egio. 

to  repeat  it. 

Ujtou     the    same     piinci|)]e, 

eonirait   their   tn^-    *      '■  - - 

them  over  ilx?   ' 

\Hid,     It  is  to   U.    .,— -i.^  .. 

sleep   the   mind   may   not   be 

eclipae  ;  for,  idthough  eoine  of 

such  as  pereeiHion,   compariaon,  _ 

and  especially  the  will,  may  be  9ni»p**Tid»«d^- 

others,  (for  example,  Memory 

tion),  are  often  more  »ictire  than 

state.    But  some  persona,  it    i 

dream.     We  are  assured  by  I. 

knew   a  geutleratm    \  '       *     ' 

memorj^  yet  could   j 

dreamed  imtil   his   i 

Reid,  for  many  yeaiv 

recollection  of  ha^Tng  c     , 

son  also  relates,  apparently  upi 

rity,  the  case  of  a  niau  whi*  i 

until  after  he  hud  a  fever,  in  hi;*  i'urtietiij 

aiid  we  ourselves  kjiow  sevcrul   perQ<i 

are  not  conscious  of  e^^er  dreaminig^ 

theless,  many  contend  that  in  all  kh«»H 

drea^ma   really  occur,    but    tli-ij 

the  recollection  ;   for  tliey  cou  i 

impossible  that  the  muid  cnnn  1 

dependeut  principle,  ever  ! It  i:       -'  lL. 

lute  rest.  This  is  argni  i*  ^  u 

circle.     We  must  not 

iiJlianee  of  the  mind 

it  to  its  general  laws;    the  "  ii 

brain"  requires  rest  to  renew  it- 

the  mind,  of  which   it  is  the     in. 

meantime,  may,  as  Lu  profound  ^Ivi., 

perfectly  quiescent.     Tne  lids  of  the 

sensed  are  closed  ;  a  veil  is  drawn 

immaterial  principle  of  our  nature;  and  run 

and  body  ulike,  fi»r  a  period,  lie  in  a  stA(« 

utter  ULUCousciouHuesa. 

Here^  however,  it  may  fairly  be  asked,  ho^ 
haj[)pen8  it  that  the  same  ikismui  ^aIII  .it  oi 
time   remeratusr,  and,  at 
di-eams  ]    This  circumsta.!! 
ceive,  th\is  i>e  explained  ; — 

Those  drefims  which  occur  in  ^'err  d#e| 
sleep,  and  in  the  early  part  of  the  iti^lii,  ai 
not  so  likely    to   be   remembi^red   m   th< 
which  happen   towards   n. 
jileep  is    less  pi*ofouud  ;     I 
notion  that  our  tt'   -  ■^:" - 

always  best  rem  uvg 

tnu'         Tb>'ii      M  .._    _„ 


X)>f^ 


V  r-    rii 


Cbailw  HUten.] 


DREAMSl 


G(S7 


droamB  is  more  striking,  and  actually  makt^s  , 
spcr  imppcBsioQ   than  tli-   nHi/l.  iir>*  ..i 
'dreaixiB.    We  are  told  bj 
f  hat^  on  one  occasion,  rv 


ftnJ  walked  out,  hf^  could  | 
♦  its  unreal  nat 
1  him  of  its  im] 

119  upon  diildr 
juv^    it    19  Yjfli 

'    -rr'-v  thun   im 

BOnSy  V  1                                     rd  for  by  i 

ig  moic  .,u.j  .                     ty  of  itiic... . 
iplainta,  such  aa                     >  >n\tilsionfl,  de- 
gnient   of   the               ,    v-. ;    added    to 
Mi  their  r                   tculties  ai-e   not  as 

biffidnitl'                     1    to    cnrn^rt     sucli 
B'                                                                 me*. 

ri  ior  u  c-. 
nftlmoat  r 

11119  are  'on- 

)1  I'le^  in   ftllnding   to  some 

1   -ice,  exclaim,   "Well!  if  it 

t  true,  I  certmnlj'  must  have  dreamed 
We  confes*  we  hnve  ourselv^  been 
iau;!ed  in  fids  \vay ;  the  spell  may  be  broken ; 
It  the  impression  nutde  dj  the  delneion  sftill 
inga  to  lis ;  hs  Bhftdow  is  still  thrown  ftcrotsa 
ir  pitJL 

Tne  question   therefore  recii«,  what  arc 
>r»?ams  ?      Whence   do    thej  ftrise  f      We 
jlleve  that  the  ideiis   and   emotttius   which 
piiice  in  the   dreaming  state  may  be 
?rib<.'d  to  a  twofold  origin.    They  may  ari«e 
certain  l>o«lily    sensritiona,    which  uiiiy 
iggest  particular  trains  of  thonght  and  feel- 
jg  :  or  they  may  be  derived  from  the  opera- 
ions  or  ajclivity  of  the  thinking  principle  it- 
If ,  in  which  caee  they  are  purely  mental, 
he  celebnit^d   Pr.  James  Gregory — whose 
-  a  great  lo33  to  acien<«e — 
no  to  bed  -with  a  vessel 
I.  >vjui,r  ;iL  tiu?  jit*t,  he  dreamt  of  walk- 
p  Uje  crater  of  Mount  Etna,  and  felt 
runud  warm  under  him.      He  likewise, 
>ther   ucca;?ion,  dreamt  of  niending  a 
at   Hudson's   Bay,  and  ol   sufferiiur 
distress  from  intense  frost  ;  and  founo, 
he  awoke,  that  he  had  thrown  off  tlie 
Iclothes  in   hia  sleep,  and  exjwsed  himself 
"d.      He  h.Htl  heeh  r*>flding,  a  few  days 
It  of  thia  colony. 
T,  Reid,  relates 
tn  u  LUC  liivx-ajj-  <>i  a  blister,  which 
lied  to  his  head,  becoming  ruffled, 
|jrv)i!uce   j>ui»>,  ho   (.Ireauii  that  he 
fallen  into  the  hands  of  a  party  of  North 
lencan    Indians,  wlni  w<^re  scalping  him, 
were  dre.'tms  •  by  sensations 

were  convt^yt- '  surfiice  of  the 

(through  thf  ueiTcji.  until  a  cori-esptuid 
t>r«asian  was  ]iroduced   on  the  mimi. 
no  Nune  priHciple,  very  strong  impres- 
ina  received   during   the  day  may  iinHllfy 


and  vi-ry   nmterially  inllucnco  tiirt  oh'U'rirl^r 


were  so  terrihie,  that  iie  touud   it  ; 

to   keep   himself  awake,  that   he  w 

•  r  be  tormented  with  theiu^      "  Usui   I 

ftuperatitious,"  he  obsei-veii,  "I  aliuuld 

u:*ht  that  some  dianstcr  wan    im- 

htit   it   occurred    to  m«?   tliat   the 

^    r  I  had  cncom  '       '    !  r 

J  hi    be    the   e:.  1 

.....      ..  ..   .o-     L'-iicrand  less  obv;i..,^  ..4..niL* 

are  in  conBtaiit  opcomtaoii.  A  cluu)28  in  the 
wifftUier — in  tli«  eteetrical  state  uf  Uie  atmo' 
Rphei-e — and  its  borometrioal  pressni^e — the 
temperature  of  the  bed-room — arraogemeiits 
of  th^  l>ed-fumiture — the  adjustment  of  the 
bed-clothes — nay,  the  poattion  of  the  sleeper, 
particid&iHy  if  he  cramp  a  foot  or  benuiub  an 
arm,  will  at  once  affect  the  entire  concatena- 
tion      *  .  f  his  dreams. 

y  ImnfcwIoM  mapr  be  uuide 

on  ti.*  ..,,,M.  .iuring  sleet),  by  speaking  g«utly 
lo  a  jH*r^on,  or  even  whispering  in  the  car. 
We  ijui-selveSj  when  in  Italy,  could  on  on« 
occasion  trace  the  ori"in  of  a  very  rcnuu  kable 
dretiTD  i*^  our  having  heard,  In  an  obscure  and 
huU'-con*cinus  mtuuier,,  during  »sleep,  the  noise 
of  people  in  the  btreeta,  on  All  Souls '-tught, 
invoking  alms  for  the  dead.  Dv.  Beat  tie  knew 
a  man  in  whom  any  kind  of  dre4iin  could  be 
produce*!  if  hig  friends,  gently  addressing  hiso, 
afforded  the  sul  ject-matter  for  his  idoas. 
E«]uaUy  e»u-i«ua  is  the  cLrciimstantte  that 
drearaa  may  be  produced  by  whisf»eriug  in 
the  ear.  A  case  of  thia  description  is  re- 
corded by  Dr.  Abercronibie  ; — 

"An  officer,  whose  suaoeptibUity  of  having 
hii  dreams  thus  conjured  before  him,  was  so 
remarkable,  that  his  friends  couhl  ftr'xliKitf 
any  kind   of  dream  xh»  ^  v 

whispering  in  Win  ear^  f  ^ 

done  by  one  with  whoae  r. 

Hia  companions  were  in  t' 

amusing  themselves  at  L»n  t  ^     tie 

occasion  they  conducted   hi'  U    the 

whole  progreas  of  f»  <itv..-i,i  ^i   it* 

a  duel  ;  and  when  '  I 

to  meet,  a  piiitol  wi)    ^  li 

he  fired  off  in  his  aleep,  aud  was  awakeneii 
by  the  report.  On  another,  thoy  found  him 
asleep  on  the  top  of  a  locker  or  bunkor  in  the 
cahin^,  when,  by  whispering,  they  made  him 
believe  he  had  &llen  overbi>ai\l ;  aud  they 
then  exhorted  him  to  aave  himself  by  swim* 
riling.  He  immediately  imitated  the  motions 
of  swimming.  They  th«.'n  suggent+^d  to  him 
that  he  was  l^ieing  pursut^d  by  a  «''"^  I'd 
entreated  him  to  dive  for  his  lit- 
did,  or  rather  atteuipletl,  with  bo 
lence,  that  he  thj*ew  himself  off  tiie  iwk«i*, 
by  which  he  was  bruiseil,  and,  of  course, 
awakene<l."     Dr.  Alwi'cromliie  lui  !  ^ 

moat  remarkable  circujustaiice  con ;  ■': 

thia  caHe  was,  that  afl^^r  thrae  Jind  u  vjiri'ty 
of  other  prauka  had  been  played  upon  him. 


668 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


» 


* 


"  he  liad  no  (Jwtinct  recollection  of  fiis  dreams, 
but  only  a  coiifuBed  feeling  of  oppression  or 
fatigue,  and  used  to  teU  his  friends  that  he 
WJkB  snre  thej  hcui  been  playing  mme  tricks 
upon  him,*' 

It  appe aiw,  alao — and  the  ffict  ia  very  re- 
niork&ble — tliat  a  fdniilar  kind  of  sensation 
will  produce  the  same  description  of  dreatu 
in  a  number  of  individuals  at  the  same  time. 
Hence  different  people  will  aometimea  liave 
the  same  dream.  We  read  of  a  whole  regiment 
starting  up  in  alarm,  declaring  they  were 
dreaming  that  a  black  dog  had  jumped  upon 
their  brea;sts  and  diaappeared,  which  curious 
circumstance  was  explained  by  the  diacoverj-, 
that  they  had  all  been  exposed  to  the  influence 
of  a  deletenous  gas,  which  was  generated  in 
the  monastery.  The  e^ect  of  music,  aUo,  in 
exciting  delightful  dreams,  has  often  been 
atteatea.  A  French  philoBopher  whose  expe- 
riments are  reported  by  Magendie,  acwrding 
to  the  airs  which  he  had  armnged  ahould  be 
pl»yed  while  he  was  adeep,  could  have  the 
character  of  his  dreams  directed  at  pleasm-e. 
•* There  ia  an  art,"  says  Sir  Thomas  Browne 
—in  his  usual  (quaint  style—**  to  make  dreams 
as  well  as  their  intei-pretationa ;  and  physi- 
dans  will  tell  us  that  some  foo<l  makes  tur- 
bulent, some  gives  quiet  dreams.  Cato,  who 
doated  upon  cabbage,  might  find  the  crude 
effects  thereof ;  and  Pythagoras  might  have 
had  calmer  sleeps  if  he  liad  totally  abstained 
from  beans." 

The  influence  of  the  day's  occurrences,  and 
the  thoughts  which  have  occupied  the  mind 
during  the  day,  have  be«n  said  to  give  a  cor- 
responding tone  and  cf>louring  to  our  dreams 
at  night.  Thus  the  lover  dreams  of  his  mis- 
tresB  ;  the  miser  of  his  gold  ;  the  merchant  of 
his  Bpeculations  ;  the  man  of  ecienoe  of  hia 
discoveries.  The  poets  of  all  ages  and  nations 
adopt  this  view,  Virgil  describes  Dido  for- 
siiken  by  ^oeas,  wautieriDg  alone  on  a  desert 
shore  in  pursuit  of  the  Tyiiana.  Milton 
represents  Eve  relating  to  Adam  the  dreams 
which  were  very  natunUly  the  repetition  of 
her  waking  thoughts.  Petrarch  invokes  the 
beauty  of  Laura.  Eloisa,  separated  from 
Abelard,  is  again  happy  in  his  company,  even 
amidst  "  dreary  wastes  "  and  *'  low-browed 
rocks." 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  dreams  of 
many  nei^ous!  are  very  greatly  Influenced  by 
the  reflections  and  emotions  they  have  exjie- 
rieueed  the  ^>receding  day  j  but  thia  is  by  no 
means  invariably  the  case.  We  have  known 
per-iouB  whose  dreams  refer  habitually  to 
events  which  occurred  to  them,  perhaps, 
twenty  years  ago,  and  upon  whom  recent 
events  Beem  to  possess  no  such  influence.  We 
have  often  been  told  by  ladies  liappdy  and 
affectionately  m.-uTied,  that  whilt^  they  were 
en^'agc'^l,  although  ihe'u-  though  Us  w«re  natu- 
rally  much   set  on    their   engagement,   they 


tjm 


towjtrds  his  offapring,  will  isoiu^tun^is  iitvi 

often  enough  of  his  neighbour'a  children, 

seldom,  or,  perhaps,  never,  of  hia  own. 

to  dream  on  a  given  subject — reaolve  m 

the  attention  upon  it — going  to  ale«] 

sooner  are  our  eyelids  closed,  than 

fancy  will  conjure  up  the  most  opj 

incongruous  imagery.    We  have    h( 

druani-nroblem  explained  by  referrii 

principle  of   ant^qotirUtm^   which, 

.sleeping,  may  be  observed  in  the 

uomy.  If  a  limb  become  fatigued  by 

too  long  in  one  position,  it  will  bo  ndiei 

being  thrown  into  the  very  opposite  < 

if  the  e^-^e  fatigue  itself  by  gazing  inl 

the  disc  of  any  bright  colour,  aiid  the 

close,  the  veipf  opposite,  or  antagonistic 

will   be  depicted  upon  the  retina :     in 

manner,  when  our  waking  thoughts — ia 

nection  with  the  nei*ve  matter,  which 

material   instrument — ^have   exiuuist 

energy,  we  can  easily  conceive   how  thi 

opposite  condition  will  be  produced.     Hi 

the  most  unconnected  auil  prepostei-ou» 

of  imagery  may  arise  from  the  very  ea 

ness  with  which  we  desire  a  contrary 

We  dream  of  events  which  do  not  oono 

insteatl  of  those  in  which  we  are  moat 

intereated  ;  we  dream  of  persons  to  whom 

are  indiifereut,  instead  of  those  to  whom 

are  attached.    But,  in  the  midst  of 

curious    and    perplexing    contrariety, 

remarkable — luul  may  be  esteemed  a 

the    immateriality    of    the    mind-  __ 

always  preserve  the  consciousness  of  onn 

identity.    No  man  dreams  that  he  ia  w^atao, 

or  any  other  person  than  himself ;— w    ^ 

heard  of  persons  who  have  dre^jnt  thei 

dead,  and  in  a  spiritual  atate ;  but  tba^ 

was  still  their  own^ — ^they  maintained 

identity.     Sir  Thomas  Lawrence  once 

an  interesting  observation  on  this  subj 

ftlrs.  Butler — then  Miss  Fanny  Kenil 

pointed  out,  in  conversiition,  that  he 

neard  of  any  lady  who  ever  dreamed  tliat' 

was  younger  than  she  really  was.     W^.  ^xiU 

in  our  dreams  even  the  identity  of  our  a 

It  has  been  said — wo  think  by  Sir  Thorn 

Erowne — that  some  persons  of  \irtuo\i»  oi 

honoui-able  principles  will   commit,   as    thf 

fajicy,  actions   in   their  dreams   which    tJic 

would  shudder  at  in  their  waking  momciita^ 

but  we  cannot  believe  that  the  identity   <j 

moral  goodness  can  lie  so  perverted  in  th< 

dreaming  state.     We   can,  howcvei 

conceive  that,  when  the  mind  ia  oj 

or  tliaturbed   by   the    recollection   .j,     :,, 

event  it  dreads  to  dwell  up«>n,  it  mav  lie 

turbed    by    the    most    terrifio   /md'    r), 

images.   A  gxiilty  coLiacience,t»>' 

tiouably  produce  restlessness,  ;i 

awe-inspiring  dreams.      Hence  3i.tuli 

paciap;  reatlesaly  hia  lonely  Gothic  g.illei 

midnight,  pictvirea  to  himidf  the  terro^ 


never  dreamt  of  their  lovera.     &J,  abto    th^^   8leep : — 

?*!l^  ''*"  %  ^f"^^^'  ^^'^^>i^»^^i!y  imptjw^d  w;ith        -'  Tho  lamp  mast  be  njplenid.ed  ;  even  then 

a  sense   ot   lua    rc^ponmbihty  and   affection!         It  will  not  burn  so  long  as  1  mu*t  wuich. 


Cktftn  Dlfkemt.j 


DREAMS, 


569 


My  BlumberVi  if  I  alumber,  anc  not  sleep, 
B*U  a  cttUinuaner.  of  cndut^n^  Otott^jht^ 

V."  '  '    '       '  tiejvii  nut,     Jn  tng  katrt 

'  nd  thtJit  f^ 

J.....    ,. iLttftiH." 

Cotitrltloii  and  remoi-Be  oppose  his  rest.     If 
^-wr  rt'TiieruWr  riglit,  it  waa   Bishop  Nowtcm, 
.'ho   rt'inarked   that   tht*  sk-ftp  of  innocence 
iliffi'iini  usjBi'Uluilly  from  the   sleep   of  guilt. 
llie  atsslstance  aupposed  to  he  sometimes 
ruruished  in  sleep  towards  the  solution  of  pro- 
blems which  puzzle*!  the  waking  sense,  o|.M*ns 
up  a  curious  subject  of  investigation.     Cases 
^of  Lht*  kind  have  been  recoi\l**d  uj.k>ii  undoubted 
lUthority.    Hence  fujme  philosophei's,  like  Sir 
i'hoiuas   Browne   jind   Addison,    have    been 
duced    t«i    snpjKise    that    the   soul    in    this 
itate  is  pjirtially  diaengaged  from  the  eucum- 
^raoce  of  the  body,  and  therefore  more  intel- 
igcnt,  which  ia  a    mere   fancy — n  ]K>etica! 
ictiou.     Surely  it  is  absurd  to  suppose  that 
Jthe  «oul,  which  we  invest  with  such  high  and 
Tjcrfect  attnbutea,  should  commit  such  frivt>- 
.onsaud  irrational  acta  an  thoae  which  take 
place  80  coustAntly  in  our  dreams.    "Me- 
thinks,*'  obsrned  I»ckc,  " every  drowsy  nod 
ihnkffi   tlib  doctrine."      All  we  reimirk,  is, 
that   some   of  the  oi-dinory  mental  faculties 
•t    in   such    cases   with    increased    energy, 
tut  beV'itid  this  we  cannot  go.     We  are  in- 
'<!  Iv  Cabains,  that  I'rankUn  on  several 
tiientioned  to  him  that  he  had  been 
r  I  Ilia  drcama  on  the  issue  M  many 
Lt)airi  in   which  he  wjui   engaged.     So,  also, 
?ondilIae,  while  writing;  his  "  Coursd'Etudes  " 
ite?  that  he  was  frefjuently  obliged  to  leave 
chapter  incomnlete,  and  retii-e  to  bed  :  aikd 
luit  on  waking,  ne  found  it,  on  more  than  one 
^casioix,   finished   in   his    head,      Condorcet 
ipon  lea\ing  hia  deep  and  complicated  caJcu- 
itions   unimishetl,   after    having    retii^ed   to 
eat,   often  found  their  results   unfolded  to 
ham  in  his  dreams,     YoUaire  assures  us  that 
le,  like  La  Fontaine,  composed  verses   fre- 
lently  in  his  sleep,  which  he  remembered  on 
Lwakiug.      Doctor  Johnson  states    that  he 
ice  in  a  drejum  had  a  contest  of  wit  with 
r«ome  other   peraon,  and   that  he  was  very 
mach  mortified  by  imagining  that  his  oppo- 
nent had  the  better  of  him.     Coleridge,  m  a 
idre^m,  composed  the  wild  and  beautiful  poem 
)f  *•  Kubla   Kiian,"  which  was  suggeste^i  to 
um   by  a  passage  he  was  reatling  in  "  Pur- 
lasV  Pilijrimage  "  when  he  fell  asleep.     On 
iking  he  had  a  distinct  recollection  of  the 
rhole,  and,  taking  his  pten,  ink,  and   paper, 
istantly  and  eagerly  u^Tiite  down  the  lines 
which  have  been  so  much  admired. 

One   of   the  most  striking  circumstances 
"  cted  with  the  hiimfin  mind  is  the  ex- 
!       K-i  lightninqr-like  rapi«lity  of  it«  thoughts, 
ri  in  our  waking  hours  ;   but  the  trana- 
riB  which    appear  to  take  place  in  our 
are    accomplished    with    still    more 
dable  rajiidity  y  the  relations  of  apace, 
Lion  of  time,  appear  to  be  alike  anni- 
hilated ;  we  hre  transported  in  an  tostant  to 


the  moet  distant  regions  of  the  e^uth,  and  the 
events  of  ages  are  condenaed  into  the  span  of 
a  few  geconda.  The  accidental  jarring  of  a 
iloor,  or  any  noise,  will,  at  the  siwnc  moment 
it  aw.ikens  a  pers HI  !  1  iits  of 

an  entire  dreivm,     I  -Lord 

Brougli.'im  in  parti.  ..,„i — ,,,.,,,  '  <*r\i 

all  our  tlrc.iLm.«i  take  place  in  the  1 1  l* 

interval  bf^tween  sleep  and  waking,  .i  ^^  ..le- 
man  dreamt  that  he  had  enlisted  as  a  soldier, 
joined  his  regiment,  deserted,  was  ap[)re* 
hended,  carried  back,  tried,  condemned  to  be 
tohot,  and,  at  last,  led  out  for  execution.  After 
all  the  usual  preparations  a  gun  was  fired  ; 
he  awoke  with  the  report,  and  found  that  a 
noise  in  an  a^ijoining  room  luid,  in  the  same 
moment,  pro^iuced  the  dream  and  awakened 
him.  The  same  want  of  any  notion  of  the  dura- 
tion of  time  occurs,  more  or  leas,  in  all  dreams ; 
hence  our  ignorance  when  we  aw.ake  of  the 
length  of  the  night.  A  friend  of  Dr.  Aber- 
crombie's  dreamt  that  he  crossed  the  Atlantic 
and  spent  a  fortnight  in  AmericiL  In  era- 
barkhig,  on  his  return,  be  fell  into  the  sea, 
and,  awakening  with  the  fright,  discovered  he 
had  not  been  ten  minuter  asleep,  "  I  lately 
dreamed,"  aa>'8  Dr.  Macnish,  "  that  I  made  a 
voyage — remained  some  days  in  Calcutta — 
returned  home — then  took  ship  for  Egyptu 
where  1  visited  the  cataracts  of  the  Nile, 
Grand  Cairo,  and  the  Pyi-amids  ;  and,  to 
crown  the  whole,  had  the  honovir  of  iui  inter- 
view with  Mahomet  All,  Cleopatra,  and 
Alexander  the  Great**  All  this  wi\s  the  work 
of  a  single  hour,  or  even  a  few  minutes.  In 
one  of  the  dreams  which  Mr.  De  Quiacey 
describes — ^when  under  the  influence  of  opium 
— "  the  sense  of  Space  and  in  the  end  of  Time 
were,"  he  states,  **  b<3th  powei-fully  aifecteii. 
Buildin^p,  landi»capes,  &c.,  were  t: " ^  '  '  '  in 
proportions  so  vast  as  th e  l>odily  ey  •  I 

to  receive.  Space  swelled,  and  was  a;..,  .,  ,. ..  iv» 
a  sense  of  unutterable  inlinity.  This,  how- 
ever, did  not  disturb  me  bo  much  aa  the  vast 
expansion  of  Time  ;  1  sometimes  seeme«l  to 
have  lived  for  seventy  or  one  hundred  years 
ill  one  night ;  nay,  sometimes  had  feelings 
representative  of  a  millenium,  passe*!  in  that 
time  ;  or,  however,  of  a  duration  far  Wyond 
the  limits  of  any  human  experience."  One  of 
the  miracles  of  Mahomet  appetu^  to  be  illus* 
trative  of  the  same  phenonienou.  We  read, 
in  the  Koran,  that  the  imgel  Gubriel  took 
Mahomet,  one   morning,  out   of  his   he(\   to 

S've  Mm  a  sight  of  all  things  in  the  Sevexi 
eavcns  and  in  Paradise  j  and,  after  hohltng 
ninety  thousand  spiiitual  conferences,  he  was 
brought  back  a^n  to  his  bed  ;  all  which  was 
transacted  In  so  small  a  space  of  time  that 
^lahomet,  upon  his  return,  lound  hb  bed  still 
warm. 

Are  dreams  so  ranch  varied  as  is  generally 
supposed  1  Or,  taking  into  consideration  our 
dtnerent  mental  and  physical  constitutions,  is 
there  not  rather  a  remarkable  sameness  in 
them?  It  is  certainly  a  very  unusual  cir- 
cumatance  to  hear  of  any  dream  that  does 


^ 


570 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


violeuot^  to  the  common  experience  of  mankind. 
One  class  of  drejuna,  which  may  bi?  termed 
KBTBOsPBcnvE,  w  *>f  frrqnefit  occurrence. 
Thrs^   are   cham  '  '  *   the   i-evival    of| 

aawjcuitiooa  long  -  i  ix-n.    The  Stculty 

of  ;MLfinor>'    appenr-  -  termitufally 

e3tu!t«'<i ;    the    veil   'is  which   ob- 

acnrec!  the  vista  of  oiu  j-...-.i  .^Uj  ;  and  the 
niimiteat  event-?  of  childhood  pass  in  vivid 
review  before  ns,  Thens  can  Ive  no  doubt 
that  somellnng  annlogous  to  tliia  occurs  in 
drowTiing: ;  wh«enj  after  the  alnnu  and  atniffjEjIe 
for  life  uaa  subsided,  &<pn.'*ationa  and  viaiona 
ftU|)ervene  with  inde*LTibable  rapi<lity.  The 
same  very  remarkable  phenomftnou  takes 
place  also  sonietini«»si  in  lianging;  but  is  by 
no  means  ul"        '  '      df  "Of  all  whom 

I  have  seen  r  wniug,"  obeerves 

Dr.  Lettaom,  j  h-  • .  !■  i,,,!  one  who  ha<l  th« 
smallest  recc'Uection  of  any  thing  that  passed 
under  water  until  the  time  they  wero  re- 
Btorod."  Persons  tnuet  not,  thci^efore,  be 
deceived  by  imagining  that  an  Elysium  ia  to 
\m  found  at  the  bottom  of  a  gardcu  well,  or  a 
canal,  or  a  river. 

But  to  return  ', — it  ia  not  only  the  very  early 
ImildeiitM  of  chiMltood  which  may  thus  be  re- 
called I'  '  '  vents,  which 
in  our  V.  the  memory, 
are-  -,  .-.u-i-i.  iii^  i...i.lctl.  In  hi« 
*•  >  iv*'Hey;'  Sir  Waiter  Scott  rclatt\s 
thi  tiH'.'dote  : — **  A  gentleman  con- 
nected .<  vin  Glasgow,  while  employed 
in  tlie  u  of  cafihier,  was  annoyed  by  a 
perBou,  out  uf  his  turn,  demruiding  the  pay- 
jneot  of  a  check  for  six  pounds.  Having  jmid 
hiin,  but  with  i-ehictance,  out  of  his  turn,  he 
tliought  no  more  of  the  transsiction.  At  the 
end  of  the  year,  which  wa-s  eight  or  nine 
months  after,  a  difficulty  wae  eipeiienced  in 
making  the  b:>oka  balance,  in  eoiiaet^uenee  of 
a  deficiency  of  six.  pounds.  Several  days  and 
idghta  were  exhausted  in  endeavour  to  difl-  j 
<"Over  the  source  of  the  error,  but  Avitliout 
sticcea.s ;  and  the  discomfited  and  cha^incd 
caahler  retired  one  night  to  hia  bed.  did:- ' 
ifcppointed  and  fatigued.  He  feU  asleep 
and  dreamed  he  was  at  his  Bank,  and  once 
agilin  the  whole  scene  of  the  annoying  man 
And  hia  BIX  pound  check  aroae  before  him  ; 
and,  on  examination,  it  was  disxivereti  that 
the  sum  paid  to  this  person  had  be4>n  neglected 
to  be  inserted  in  the  book  of  intei'e8t&,  mid 
that  it  exiK'tly  accounted  for  the  eni>r  in  the 
balance."  We  read  of  another  gentleman,  a 
i»ulicitor,  who,  on  one  occasion,  lout  a  very 
important  document  connected  with  the  c<vu- 
veyance  of  some  property  ;  the  most  auxioua 
scsirch  woi§  nmde  tor  it  in  vain  ;  and  the  night 
prec<uiing  tin*  d.-xy  on  which  the  [jartiea  were 
to  meet  for  the  tinal  settlement  the  son  of 
this  gentleman  then  went  to  bed,  under  much 
anxiety  and  diHappoiutment,  and  dreamt  that, 
at  the  time  whi^n  the  miaaing  paper  waa 
delivereti  to  hia  fkther,  his  tahle  was  covered 
with  pfijiers  connecteil  w'th  the  affairs  of  a 
particular  client     and  there  found  the  paper 


de«d->^!Vvsi< 


thev  had  b«ni  in  aoBrtii  of^  whicli  had 
ticil  un  in  a  parcel  to  wiileh  it  wsta  ia  no 

relatea. 

There   is  another     " 
would  appear  to  be  ai 
than  the»e^ — of  a  livn 
viz :  those  in  whicli  r  ^ 

take  nr..r,.;v<..^i...  .,f 
currin. 
Dreaiu- 

Margaret    de    Vaiois "   we    i*  .< 

mother,  Catherine  de  Medicin,  v, 
plague  at  Metji,Aaw  her  aon,  the  Due  J  A 
at  the  victory  of  Jaroac  thrown   tr^xa 
horse,  ami  the'  Pi*ince  dc  Condd 
which   happened    exactly   at   tli&t 
Dr.   Macniah   I'elatea,  as   tlie    most 
exmnpie  he  ever  met  with  of  the 
between  a  dream  and   a  paasiai 
following    melancholy    atoiy  : — Ik 
young  lady,  a  native  of  Roas-shire, 
111  love  with  an  officer  who  accom 
John   Moore   in  the  Peninsular 
conBtant  danger   to  which   he   wns  es 
had  an  evident  efllbct  upon  her  sinritJi^ 
became  pale  a.od  melanclioly  in 
brooding  over  hia  fortunes  ;  and,   in 
all  that  reason  could  do,  felt  r' 
viction  that,  whrm  she  last  "ptii 
lo*''v  "  '  'irid  parted  with  htm  l 
s  ahoit  period  her 

d-j. .   -iLoall  the  appalling  ci i, 

of  a  fatal  illness,   and  ahc    mtemetA 

haetening  to  the  grave,  wli«u  a 

iii-med  the  horrors  she  had  lon^ 

and  gave  the  finiahinp:  atrokr  to  Intn^ 

One  night,  after  falbng  ft-  ] 

she  aaw  her  lover,  pale,  bl 

in   the    breast,   enter    het 

drew  aaide  the  curtaina  of 

a  look  of  the  utmost  miMii 

that  he  had  been  slain  in  ba  11 

at  the  aanie  time  to  comfort  ii 

take  hia  death  too  aerionsly  t« 

needle&a  to  say  what  influence  t 

upon  a  mind  so  replete  with  woe.     It  witi 

it  entirely,  and  the  poor  girl  died  r*.  fr  .v 

afterwards,    but,   not   without 

l^wrents  to  note  down  the  day  oL 

which  it  happened,  and  see  if  it  v\  ciuJd 

confirmed,    as    she    confidently    di 

would.      Her  anticipation   waa   oo 

ficcounta   were    sliurUy   afterwar^Ji* 

that  the  young  man  vvaa  slain  rt»  •  i'  •  ^'•■ 

Comnna,  which  was  funght  on 

of  the   night   of    which    bis   Im 

l>eh*»ld    the    vjgiou.      It    is    cerltonly    v< 

natural  to  suppoete  that  there  mii»t  tW  tit 

myHterioua  comitjction  betwe«*»  such  u 

and  the  event  which  appeiii*  Ut  hnvie' 

taneously  taken  place^but,  u| 

farther  ujxui  the  subject,  we  - 

the    co-exi«tence   ia    purely    u 

aa    Sir    Walter   Scott    obgorre 

^uch  as  the  death  of  the  j)«l»ua 

cluuice    to  take   piace,   fl«3  »  to   cot 

with  the  xt&ture    and  time  o^  the 


Cteflc*  DlCkjRIM.1 


DREA^ra 


571 


m^  tho  circtUQBtaziice 


,i;^K... 


B  oonceiv^l  to    be  f&ceft  he  beheld  iiinin^  up  ant]  fixe<l  upon  hiiiu 

the    coincidence    is   His  drejiui  wa-  ^       --•-    '     '  ?.t 

luenlly  octnir.  aiuca  our  who,  for  an  in-  I 

in  such  u  viaion  ?      I  ^ 

of  this  detiCTiplii'n  ai        .  ;  ,  u* 

illness,  or  the  time  of  tUe  doatli,  uf  piriicular 
iTidiviiluals ;  and  these,  tom,  upon  the  dm  pie 
doctrine  of  chniice,  turn  out,  perlmpa,  to  be 
as  often  wrong  aa  right.     U  may  U*  tr»i«\  f>iat 


fuch  a  concut«nai,ion,  i,L«?reli>re,  inust   often 
;w  pl-Mte  when  it  \&  considered  "  uf  what  «tutf 
txvanis  are  mtule/'  and  how  natumlly  they 
u  uport  ihosie  who  oct^upy  our  mind  when 
twake.     When  a  soldier  is  ex|>os€d  ti»  death 
battle ;    vlueu   a  aailor  is  incuiTiu^  the 
!r8  of  the  aea ;  when  a  belovetl  wife  or 
ktive  is  atttLektfd  by  disease,  how  readily 
k'tjping   in' ■  ■*' •^'■■►n   nishes  to  the  very 
ol  alanii  hen  waking^  it  hiul 

'red   to  ,  CV)Qaideiiug    the 

umy  thon&iu*dB  of  dreania  which  njuat,  night 
r  night,  pa:«  through  the  imagination  of 
idividu.da,  tlicr  mimber  of  coincidences  be- 
reen  the  vision  and  the  event  are  fewer 
nd  less  «  *    than  a  (mi'  calctJatiou 

>f  ohauct  runt  us  to  expecL 

In  addit)  n  i'>  iaese,we  soinottiiM*  hear  of 
rejinis  which  ap|)e^r  to  reveal  the  aecreta  of 
iturity  ;  and  w  hich  may  be  designiiied  Pro- 
phetic  Drcnnis — unveUing,  a^  they  are  sup- 
posed to  do,  tho  destiny  whu.h  awaits  ]»u*ticvdat' 
indis^duala.  The  prophetic  dream  of  Croniweli, 
that  he  shotdd  live  to  be  the  great4;!«t  mtui  in 
"~IugUindt  haa  often  be«i  refcire*!  to  aa  an 
tjuuple  of   special    revelation ;    but  surely 
Ijerf  can  be  nothing  very  wouderful  lu  the 
jicuri'ence — for,  after  ali,  if  we  could  oidy 


IajhI  Lytteltou  died  ut  the  exact  Ii  "     ii 

he  said  had  licen  pre«lict«d  to  him  i 
but  Voltaire  outlived  a  similar  jk  t 

many  years.     It  niu.*t,  however,  h'  I, 

thiit  persons  in  ill-hejilth  injiV  have  t^.^ ..  ,..  „.,h 
exfM^iled  by  believing  in  aucJt  fataJ  predics- 
tioua.  Tell  a  tiraoroub  man  that  he  wdl  die  ; 
and  the  sentence,  if  piouoiineed  with  suffidcnt 
solemnity,  and  the  semblance  of  ita  foreknow- 
ledge, will,  under  certain  uLrcunLitancea,  execute 
itseu.  But,  on  the  other  liand,  the  sclf-siia- 
tainiug  power  of  the  wdl,  with  a  correspond- 
iag  concentration  of  nervous  energy,  will 
«Knuetim<aa  tinumph  o\"er  the  r  1  dia* 

eaae,  and  Tjr  awhile  ward  otT  -  ad  oi 

deat^.  The  aneedote  is  told  oi  ..i-.^  .  xJoloch, 
who,  being  informeil  that  his  anny  waa  likely 
to  be  defeated,  ssprang  fj-oxn  his  sick  l>ed  iu 
great  excitement,  led  his  men  on  to  victory* 
and,  on  returning  to  hia  tent,  lay  down  mui 
almost  instantly  expired. 

But  ^ain  it  may  be  aakcd — what  then  do 
ilreams  jjortend  I  Do  they  admit  of  any 
rational  interpretation  1    Thia  branch  of  the 


nitrate  into  the  tboughta,  hoi^es,  and  de-  ^  ait  of  divination,  which  waa  calleil  fonnerly 
igng  w  hich  mflamed  the  aiiJbiti^»D  of  such  by  fclie  name  of  "  Oueiromancy,"  ha«  been 
len  as  Ir  *  ^  i....>i...t  nuj  the  like,  we  i  piiictised  in  all  ages  ;  tuid  there  is,  jierhapa,  not 
louid  fij  vaking  and  aleepitigla  village  iu  Great  Britain,  or  on  the  greut 

miHiH  etiii  v.^  "  *>f  Belf-aggrandiae- j  amtinent  of  Europe,  India,  or  Amcricii,  iu 

lent.  Tlie  Protector  himself  was  not  the  which  some  fortuue-telliug  old  woman  will 
idy  neiir|>er,  in  these  troubled  times,  who  I  not  Iw  found  who  profeut^- <  to  V»:  an  oracle  in 
re,anied  of  iMsing  "  eveiy  incli  a  king;"  but   jiropounding  their  myssti  tion.    'Die 

re  want  tho  data  to  compute  the  prolwibilities  magiciana  of  old  were  -  w  be  skilful 

Fhich  the  K'kwsol  cluinLV*  would  give  in  favour  intcj*ptt;tej's  of  dreams,  which,  like  the  wise* 

such  a  prophecy  or  dream  being  fuMlled.   acrea  of  Christendom,  they  \ie wed  vmilcr  veiy 

ie    proplietic    dream    refers    generally    to  I  con 'i     '  inpects. 

mie  event  which,  in  the  courae  of  nature.]      F  t.he  mo^t  ancient  An^bic  manu- 

likely  to  hapj)en  :  h  it,  then,  wonderful  j scrip*. ■.  i-n  lin;  subject,  we  learn  that  if  you 
hat   it  hIiouIiI  occur/     It  would  l>e  curious 'mte  an  angel,  it  is  a  good  sign  j  but  if  y«»u  dream 

know  how  often  Nsuioleon  dreamed  that  itliaty«»u  converse  with  one,  it  forebo»h^s  evil— 
le   witf  llie  £iuperor  ot  the   civilised  world,   to  di'eain  you  l»uthe  in  a  clear  foimtain  denotes 


.iifiTud  as  a  ])ri»oner  of  war;  how  mauv 
't !  imagined  liinifrelf  to  hav^ 

•<1  ;    bow   often   he  ac« 
Uc   J  of  Jentsixlem,     A   few  ycuj^ 

ro,  cruel    murders  were   i)enie- 

1  .  by  men  ntaued  lini'ke 
•  he  bodies  of  their  victims 
,    Weha.i  - 

?r\*iew  w  dter  hia  < 

'hen  he  II    ,  ,.    .......  many  mon 

apprehended  and  convicted,  I 
that   the  uuirdurs  he  comm 
discovered;    then  he  imagined  l»n 
in  he  executed,  and  his  chief  aii 


»iv — but  if  it  be  muddy,  an  enemy  will  bring 
list  YOU  some  false  accusation.  To  dreaio 
iiTyinj^'any  weight  ui»o«  the  back  dcuotes 
servitude,  if  you  arc  ricli — honour  if  you  are 
poor.  There  is  not  an  object  in  nature — not 
an  event  that  can  occui'  in  life — that  our 
modern  fortuae-tetlens  have  not  converted, 
when  S4.*eu  in  a  dream,  iiiJ  ■  '  ■•  m  •■  is 
o(  good  or  of  evil ;  and 

caU'd  per84.i»us  are   in  tL-  ...i...    ...  .  ,; 

Llieir  ci'ecluUty   by  attnchiug   an   undue   im- 
i»o]i;iii>..    t,,  their  drejund.     It   i=  u  cnii..U3 
I  lowever.which  ndlit 
t,  tlwtt  thesamesign  h  t 

I'tuld  coninort  himself  on  tiic  i  LounLncAOLtiriea  with  it  a  verj'coutiai^  rti^^uL- 
ae  assembled  multitude,  whojie  •  6c:*tion.    The  jie^iaant  girl  in  Enghind  thinks, 


I 


I 


879 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS, 


if  she  dream  of  a  rose,  thnt  it  is  a  aui-e  sign 
of  happinees  ;  but  the  ^  n  Normandy 

believes  that   it  jwr-ttt  n   and  di»- 

nppolntnit^nt,  The  EniiltsiiTuau  ..onccivea  that 
to  dream  of  an  oak-treo  la  a  sigri  of  pros|ie- 
rily  ;  htit  in  Switzerhuid,  the  eynine  vision  is 
thoutrlit  t^  he  a  forewarning  of  some  dreadful 
calamity. 

The  domestic  fenpeivtitions  which  are  con- 
nected with  dreams,  ure  Boiuetimea  favoured 
by,  and  perhaps  dependent  upon,  a  ecrtnin 
morbid  contlition  or  irritabUity  of  the  nervous 
ffystora,  which  auj^gei^ts  the  dread  of  some  im- 
pending calamity,  a  ^uufnl  and  indefinite? 
fteuBi*  of  apprehension  tor  which  no  ostensible 
reaswm  can  be  iiaalgned.  Strange  as  it  might 
appear,  the  influence  of  our  dreams  uj)oii  our 
wiiking  state  is  very  remarkable  *  we  may 
awaken  refreshed  from  a  dream  which  baa 
naade  ua,  in  our  sleeps  saperlatively  happy; 
or  we  may  rise  with  melancholic  feelings  after 
Buffering  intense  affliction  in  some  dream,  and 
the  detjiils  of  both  dreams  may  alike  be 
forgotten.  We  cannot,  after  being  so  much 
disturbed,  at  once  regain  our  corapo«nre  ;  the 
billows  continue  heaving  after  the  temf>eflt 
has  isuVisided  ;  the  troubled  nerves  continue 
to  %nbrate  after  the  canses  that  disturlied 
them  have  ceased  to  act ;  the  impression  still 
remalna,  and  chequera  the  happiness  of  the 
liiture  day.  Even  men  of  strong  mind,  who 
do  not  believe  in  the  interpretation  of  dream«, 
may  be  bo  affected.  Wlien  Henry  the  Fourth 
f>f  France  was  once  told  by  an  astroloj?«ir  that 
he  would  be  a^tassinated,  he  smilefi  at  the 
prcH^iction,  and  did  not  l>elieve  it  ;  but  he 
confessed  that  it  oRen  haunted  him  after- 
wai'ds,  and  although  be  placed  no  faith  in  it, 
firttll  it  sometimes  depresBed  his  spirits,  and  he 
often  expressed  a  wish  that  he  had  never 
Jieard  it.  In  like  manner,  dreama,  which 
persons  do  not  believe  in,  will  uncouscioualy 
aflect  the  tenovir  of  their  thoughts  and  feelings. 

There  are  many  j>ersons  who  upf>ear  to 
have  habitually  the  most  extraordinary 
dreams,  and  there  ia  scarcely  a  family  circle 
that  as.^mble  round  the  domestic  hearth,  in 
which  Bome  one  or  other  of  the  paily  ia  not 
.•ible  Ui  relate  some  very  wonderful  atory. 
We  have,  ourBclves,  a  i^eperfairt,  from  which 
we  could  select  a  lu)st  of  bucIi  narrations ; 
but  we  hare  preferred,  at  the  riak  of  being 
tiiought  recapitulative,  to  dweU  upon  those 
which  have  l>een  recorded  upon  unimpeach- 
able authority.  The  dreams  which  men  like 
Locke^  Reid,  Ciregoi-)%  Abercrombie,  Macuiah, 
&e.,  have  attested,  come  with  u  weight  of  evi- 
dence before  ua  which  the  dreams  of  persons 
unknown  in  the  scientific  or  Hterarj^  world 
would  not  ix/ssess.  The  impresgions  pro<liiced 
by  dreania  are  so  fugitive — so  easy  i^  it  for 
j^KJi-scnn  uniutentiDfially  to  deceive  theniselvos 
m  recfdline  their  dreams'  experience — that 
EpictetUB,  long  ago,adviaed  young  men  not  to 
enturtJiin  any  company  by  relating  their 
drcnma,  jis  they  could  only,  he  affirmed,  bo 
interesting  to  theniaeives,  and  perhaps  would, 


after  all  tbelr  pains,  be  dislteliered  by 
auditors.     Nevertheleaa,  it  would  1>- 
all   persons    to    study,   whether    ia 
dreaming,  (ho  ph^f toinena  of  tb^j - 
The  ingenious  njUuraligt,   Dr.    i 

to  a  "  I  N  di 

they  ell-  _.    '       :    !.  ' 

such   a  journal   mi^ht  turn  out  to  be  •'Uti; 
amusing  Psychological  record. 


THE  CONGRESS  OF  NATIONS. 


A  MicjnTT  Home  !«  refu-'d  n\  sol^^rnn  stnl*, 

Tol 1'^    "  .    ■  ■     '.     ■      '■'  ■    '-■'     ■ 

TbeHj.: 

meutioD. 


It, 

lOTOi    t 


From  every  land  ^\ !    '   ' ' 

Whore  arts  and  ^ 
O'ertnicklesawaBtc  :..:^ . ^*  . 

They  come,  the  ardent  Mind  with  food  to  nouHy 

The  trophies  of  the  Past  fade  1 1  '       ^ 

Which  conquerors  planted  i  ttiln 

Whore  breathing  armies  saak  l  .,  ^ 

And  ebouts  of  glory  drovmd  the  low 
rattle. 

These  things  wero  once,  while  yot  the  Wu^-ld 
young ; 

Ere  it  drank  wisdom  from  the  fount  of  resM 
Now,  let  a  curtain  o'er  Buch  scenes  ho  hitug^ 

Wars  >¥inter  fled,  we  hail  a  softer  soaaua, 

TIjo  eimdcrd  children  of  the  human  race^ 

Crossing  their  bounds  to  mingle  with  eoch  Oth« 

In  foreign  nations  kindred  features  trace, 

Aud  Icom  that  every  mortal  w  their  brother. 

The  lovo  of  Art  engenders  love  to  Man, 
And  this,  in  turn,  the  love  of  hij*  Creator ; 

'Tis  Ignorance  that  mars  Heaven 'e  gracious  ptnfL 
Aud  ixiara  in  blood  the  murderer  and  uiaji-f 


A  glorious  epoch  brightens  history's  poge, 
Shedding  upon  the  Future  dazzling  lustr©  ; 

How  proud  the  thought  that  Entfland  ia  the  »i»^ 
Which  shall  ro-echo  widi  the  Kaiions'  mazier  I 


CHIPS, 

THE  BMITHFJBLD  MODEL  OF  THK  MOI>BT« 
SMITHFIELD, 

"  Sm,  I  will  premise  bj-  st/ntintr  tliat 
have  not  the  smallest  symjxithy  with  Smitb 
fielil,  the  less  so,  that  one  ftiie  momuig,  iq 
the  city,  a  bullock  took  such  a  fan<?v  tut  pi 
me  to  :i  wall  with  his  boms,  that  hact  I  uo 
provndentiallv,  happeneil  to  have  my 
coat  in  my  hand,  instead  of  upon  my 
{and  w&n  thus  enable<i  to  throw  it  o 
horns,)  I  should  have  been,  in  my  gravK* 
now, 

'*  I  viaited  the  free  exhibition  of  the  Smith- 
field  Model  in  CheapBide,  City,  and  lMdi»dd  tk 
crowd  of  ])ei'sons,  surrounding  the  Mod«J  ; 
behind  which,  in  addition  to  a  few  veudura 
of  penny  'Conclusive  Argumenla  in  JuvootV 


CkwlMlHckcu.] 


A  PLEA  FOR  BBITISH  BEPTILES. 


575 


&c,'  and  aome  peniona  obtaining  fdgnattires 
to  A  petition,  was  a  red-faced  getillemaii,  who 
\¥ua  coiitiiaiallj  caUing  upon  the  BpecUitoi'a 
to  •  put  any  queatioaa/  or  to  '  state  any  o\y- 
jcctioti«/  and  lie  would  imiueiliHtely  uUHWor 
ibeni,  and  he  would  con^noce  all  present,  hf 
was  sure,  before  they  left  the  bnilding,  thrit 
the  present  market  was  the  only  one  tluit 
could  possibly  eapply  Lomlou  with  raeat. 
Well,  air,  at  kngih  a  tpiitj-t,  respetitablt* 
luukiui;  mechanic^  mildly  ol»?*?r^'ed,  that  he 
tluiujt'ht  the  jtresent  system  !ed  to  a  greater 
desecration  of  the  Sabb/tth  thou  an  im proved 
sy&f^m  would  do.  *  Oh  !  '  exclttimwl  the 
red-fa<?eii  nuin,  'you  object  u\>im  rflisious 
f*rourid«,  do  you  ! '  *  Principally/  replied  the 
niechuuio,  'but  upon  many  other  n-ounds 
besides/  *  Ah  !  welV  said  the  ruddy  one, 
'  if  you  go  upon  religion,  all  I  can  say  its,  that 
I  know  nothing  about  that !  But  I  think  I 
can  convince  you  this  way  :  moat  people  have 
h  joint  of  meat  on  Sunday,  the  i*eraaina  of 
which  are  hashed  up  on  Monday.  Well ;  on 
Tuesday  they  want  a  freah  joint,  whicli  at 
present,  you  cnn  get ;  but  \f  you  reniove 
Smith  field,  the  butcher  will  not  care  to  go  to 
market  more  than  onco  a  week,  and  bo,  when 
you  go  on  Tuesday  for  your  usual  joint,  you 
will  lind  the  butcher  with  his  clean  apron  on, 
smoking  hia  pipe,  and  no  meat  to  be  had  ! ' 

**I  was  leaving  the  building,  when  I  ob- 
served two  young  men  signing  the  petition. 
I  enquired  of  one,  irAy  he  aignetl  it,  and  he 
replied,  '  becaa»e  my  friend  has  done  ao  ;  * 
and  upon  making  the  same  enquiry  of  hi« 
friend,  A^  replied  that  'you  can't  well  come 
in^de  without  signing/  "lam   OM" 


A  PLEA  FOR  BRITISn  REPTILES. 

WilAT  the  flourishing  trailesman  writes 
witli  pride  over  hiii  shop,  we  might  in  most 
casca  write  over  our  storehouse  of  antipathies, 
bliBhed  in  172fJ,  or  1751,  For  what  good 
ireafloa  we,  in  1851,  should  nhudder  at  the  con- 
tact of  a  spider,  or  loathe  toads,  it  would  be 
hard  to  say.  Our  forefathers  in  their  igni^ 
ranee  did  certainly  traduce  the  characters  of 
many  innocent  and  interesting  aninudsy  and 
many  of  ua  now  believe  j§ome  portions  of  their 
scandal.  To  be  a  reptile,  for  ejtample,  is  vtcr- 
haps  the  ♦nratest  disgrace  that  can  attacn  to 
any  animal  in  our  eyes.  Reptile  fuiiisea  for 
about  the  worst  name  you  can  cidl  a  man.  This 
is  uniust — at  any  rate,  in  England.  We  have 
no  thought  of  patting  crocodiles  under  the 
chin,  or  of  embnicing  boa  constrictors  ;  but, 
for  our  English  reptiiea  we  claim  good  words 
and  good  will.  We  beg  to  introduce  here, 
forrnM^Jy.  our  unanpreciateti  friends  to  any  of 
•  ti  frieniLs  who  may  not  yet  have 
their  acquaintance, 

II  1 1  Lizard, — sni-ely  you  know  the 

Conu  I,  if  not  by  his  name  of  state 

ZooUh,.  f  m  *y!'  I r >t.     He  weai"3  a  brilLiiint  jacket, 
and  you  have  made  friends  with  hini,  a^  a 


nimble,  gniceful  fellow  ;  t&  a  bit  of  midsum- 
mer. His  very  niune  reminds  you  of  a  warm 
bank  in  the  comitry,  and  a  sunny  day.  Is  he 
a  rej)tile  ?  Certainl)' ;  aupixwe  we  atop  twa 
miuutesfl  to  remember  what  a  rentilo  is. 

The  heart  of  a  reptile  hius  tlirec  cavitiea ; 
that  is  to  sav,  it  is  not  completely  double,  like 
our  own.  It  sends  only  a  small  part  of  tho 
blood  which  corned  into  it,  for  renovation  into 
tho  air-chambei-a^ — the  lungs;— while  the  re- 
mainder cireuhites  again  unpuritied.  That 
change  made  in  th*<  bUKxl  by  contact  with  the 
oxygen  of  air,  is  chiefly  the  cause  of  heat  m 
animals.  Aeration,  therefore,  being  in  nsp- 
tiles  very  partial,  the  amount  of  heat  evolve<l 
is  small ;  I'eptiles  art*  therefore  called  cold- 
blooded. They  are  unable  to  raise  their  heat 
above  the  temperature  of  the  surrounding  au-. 
Fishes  are  coId~bloo<Jed,  through  deticient 
aei-atiou  in  another  way ;  in  them,  all  the 
\}\o*A  passes  from  the  heart  into  the  f>Lace 
where  air  shall  come  in  contact  with  it ;  but,, 
then  there  is  a  limitation  to  tho  store  of  air 
supplied),  which  can  W  no  more  than  the 
quantity  extracted  from  the  water.  The  tern- 
pert! tu re  of  water  ts  maintained  below  the 
stti'face,  and  we  know  how  that  of  the  lux- 
varies,  since  a  certain  quantity  of  heat  i» 
neceasary  to  the  vital  processes  ;  reptiles,  de- 
pending uixm  air  for  neat,  hyl>eruato  or  be- 
come torpid  when  the  temperature  falls  below 
a  certain  point.  The  rapidity  of  all  their 
vital  actions  will  depend  upon  the  state  of  the 
thermometer  ;  they  digest  taster  in  the  heat  of 
summer  than  in  the  mdder  warmth  of  spring. 
Their  aecretious  faa  the  poison  of  the  adder) 
are  in  hot  weather  more  copious,  and  in 
winter  are  not  formed  at  all.  The  reptiles 
breathe,  in  all  caaes,  by  hxni^A :  but,  we  must 
except,  here,  those  called  BatrnchCftfiJi,  as  frogs 
or  newts,  which  breathe,  in  the  fii'st  .«^tage,  by 

gills,  and  afterward    ^  ■    --^'^    ■  '  ' >,  or  by 

lungs  only.    The   -  le  the 

only  exception  to  ;ii,  ...  ,  ^.. ... leristio 

of  the  reptile  class,  the  hard,  dry  covering  of 
plates  or  scales.  The  reptiiea  all  produce 
their  young  from  eggs,  or  are  **  ovipai'ous  '* — 
jiome  hatch  their  eggs  within  the  boily,  and 
produce  their  young  alive,  or  are  "  ovo-vivi- 
jiarous."  Those  are  the  charactei-s  belonging 
to  all  nu'njl>era  of  the  reptile  class.  The  class 
is  »ul]Mlivided  Into  orders,  somewhat  thu8>— 
1-  The  TeMudinale  (tortoises  and  turtles), 
2»  Eftalio^iunan  (all  fo&sil,  the  /dtt/tyomurus 
and  his  liki?).  3,  Lori&iU  (cror  "*''-'  "fd 
alligatoi-a).  4-  tSaurian  (lizanis).  i 

(tiiei^nts)  ;    and   the  last    onkr 
(frogs,  toads,  Alc.)  ;  whi<  !  me,  paited 

from  the  reptiles,  and  t  1  as  another 

cinas. 

Now,  we  have  in  England  no  tortoises  or 
turtles,  and  no  crocotUlea  :  and  the  loc«stl  onler 
is,  in  all  places,  extinct ;  so  oar  reptiiea  can 
Ijel  I  i  J  the  three  hii^t-nanu^d  oi-dere, 

Liz  Jits,  and  Balrnchiarts, 

Th.i^  ^^.  .  ..me  Uck,  then,  to  o\ir  Lizards, of 
which  we  have  among  us  but  two  genera,  a 


^ttfi^W  «pe«i^  of  each.    These  are  the  Oommon 


L 

L 
t< 

oi 

hi. 

Ill 

11- 

iV 

iV. 

»ii 

ill 

li 

tiv 

iU\>        it     11' 

browii  saiul; 
tbet'0  ius  s&  ; 


us  all,  aud  the  S<md 
-ojne  of  us  who  hx^ppon 


hmd  lo^,  tliJd  ooine  naiuraliats  ^                 i 

nuion   into  a  single  dAE^^      *'  4 

fwaii'd    rtiptUes.      JBy  •i     '  .  i     >   .    lij 

•^ '     ••'!     ♦'. '.-•■'    •■       ,    ,  •               II 


r  to  our  latitude.     V 

itim   as  a  EtympaMi' 

iMiiiLi    lizard    {Lactrta  ttfjUu)  'i** 

iioPtU  as  the  country  of  Liniuvua, 

1 1\\  as  the  iiorthoru  jjart  of  Fmii w ; 

liowi>vt'r,  it  ««M»iU9  ti»  Vxi  riuv,  and 

I'v  in  Dorjwtshiio — chiftly 

Cither  &3utheriJ  coiin- 

'-  ^i'.nithtt,  fluid  is  of  a 

i  aiid  dutted  ;  but, 

,.     -.       .   Hjud   to   h»e    foiiud 


amoag  the  venhire  of  mar^jhy  jdacea.  It  is 
liikrg€Lr  than  ovir  eunimoti  lizfird,  averaging 
aeven  Inches  loJ^Kt  is  v«i^'  tiniid^  and  when 
made  a  prisoiiier,  pines  and  dies.  It»  fenmle 
lays  ug]|*K,  like  u  turtle,  in  the  aand,  covers 
them  over,  ajid  leixvea  them  to  be  hatched  by 
til  Tills  kind  of  lizard,  there- 

f»i  The  egjju  of  our  common 

li/  '       '     *'i    =^un ;  for,  rep- 

ti:  oH-n,   caiuiot 

Til  ;,.....,  to  the  dove- 

!•  1  ;  but,  iu  this  caac,  tlte 

*itf  iitiiti  the  iMirent'a  Iwjdy, 

The  i'utualc  ot  Lhjs  iizrinl  atrclelieB  herntilf  out 
Upon  n  aviimy  hiaak,  and  leta  tite  bright  ra^H 
fiUl  upon  lier  body  whik*  she  lies  inactive.  At 
tldM  |M»ri«Hl,  hIio  will  not  move  for  anything 
h  •  of  aliu-m.    She  ia  not 

eti  I  .  however,  but  fulfilling 

nr  III  \>iHi.     'Die  «gg»  brt- ok  aa  the 

V'  's — tlu-ee  to  dix — are  bom,     Tliia 

li '  n*r«ire,  ovo-viviparoue.     The  little 

OI  t  onoe  to  run  ubout>  aud  soon  dart 

All  s  their  proper  food;    but,  they 

iicoompauy  the  mother  with  eome  in«itinct  at* 
aU'ection  for  a  Utile  time.  These  liwmU  are 
very  vitrions  in  sizxt  and  colour ;  difference  in 
these  resjTtecta  ditea  not  denote  difference  in 
kind.  The  little  scales  which  cover  thtan  art- 
Arrangeil  in  u  j>et.'uliai'  mamier  on  the  heiid, 
utidvr  the  neck,  &c. ;  aud  some  differencea  of 
Arrangement,  in  such  respects,  are  chnracter- 
ijstic.  The  Uest  distinction  between  the  only 
two  species  of  lizai-d  kiiowii  in  this  country 
has  beeu  pointed  out  by  Mr.  Bell.  In  the 
Kind  legs,  under  etwh  thigh,  there  is  a  row  of 
opiiiiinga,  each  opening  upon  a  single  ecide. 
Ia  flaim  lizards^  the  opening  is  ob^noualy 
OQialltir  than  the  scale ;  in  our  common 
lizarda,  the  opening  is  bo  f'onifjaratively  large, 
that  the  scale  seema  to  l>e  the  mere  edge  of 
a  tube  around  it. 

These  are  our  lizarda,  then,  our  Saurian 
rrptiles;  and  they  do  not  merit  any  hate. 
Sutler  an  iiilrorluetion  now  t«  English  Boakea. 

The  fiT«t  HUJdce,  the  BUndworm,  is  not  a 
':*j,  nor  yet  a  worm.  It  ia  a  half-way 
inimal — between  a  lizaixl  and  a  auake.  The 
Hzarda  abade  off  00  inaeusibly  into  the 
Ukakee,  ev«n  the  boa  preaerring  rudimeutAxy 


iian.     The  bjiod* 
ii  ;    it    ia   <{uit^    »» 
M  Miake.     SiiJikea  lukve  iW  V. 

L I  >   all  moveable,  80   lliAl  tWcr 

'  can    bt:  dilated,  uutU,  likt*  cmtw^bof^ 
'  Hwallow  anyth'm^.     The  lizaru  him   9U 
tijc^ed ;  so   1        *'      '  '      ' 
,  a  long  toi 
made  t)   m' 

luiB    1 

It   lui.    -     :.. 
it  caJi  easily  w^ii. 
hybemati.'' ;  or  * 
any  large  heap  uf  dc- 
early  in   the   sprinL' 
cold  than    • 
found  all 

South  of  haiv.  it  ! 
and  insects  Like  r : 
"■•■-*-  ■■-  ''  [TTowa,  oij' 
I  it  to  »oiii 

;  80  that   1  J. 
i  .    and    turned 

i--  n    1.H  uf  a    lUrk 

and  about  a  foot  Ion. 
ov<Hvi\nj)arous.    It  i- 
rarely  thinka  of  biting  Lli 
and,  when  it  does  bite,  inll 
it«   little  teeth.     Of  cuut 
and  ifl  not  poisonona,     S 
when    tfiken,  it   contiJi.  f 
atiflona  it.  that  it  will   I- 
bend  it.    There f"-"    ' 
meuB  gave  it— .1 

We  have  fouu  i 
among  our  reptilea. 
hapa^^'thatwnaoota  1 
18  our    real    anake 
common  Hinged  Soak  a  ;  he   ut  v«fy 
lie   may   be   three  or    foor   foet 
browniah-grey    above,  with    A    giraea 
vellow  marks  upcm  the   neck,  a<u] 
Klack  spot*  down  the  back  aiul 
nating,   like   London  lAmr)^|*ost« 
other.      You    will    find    hiiii    ajiywlii 
England,  almost  anywhere  in    f f  ■'- 
the  latitude  of  Scotland.     Yol 
meet   frequently    in   a   mulnt    i 
water,  for  he  is  rather  prou  J  of 
swimmer.    He  has  a  luuuUome  ooAt* 
a  new  one,  two,  thrte,  four  or  firr  tii 
aeaJBon,  if  Ids  growth  require  iu     Wheo 
new  coat  is  quite  hard  aiid  fjt  fi\r 
the  old,  he  atripa  hia  old  one  oS^ 
thom-buahea.    He  ajid   hia    Isbdy    hjrj 
The    lady    loavia    her    sixteen'   or 
e^^,  all    glued    t^ecther,   for    tiw 
vivify.     The   anake  a  tongue^    mm  1 
said,  ia  forked,  the  jaws  dilatable  ;  U 
frogs  for  his    dinner,   but   la   aatlsfi 
nuce,  or  little  birda,  or  Uxjuxla,     He 


fibndiltr 


jVairt^    toi 


Cb*rW«  DicltMia.} 


A  PLEA  POR  BRTHSH  EEPTILia 


IS7S 


hifi  prey  whole.     C  first,  n^s   ^"^ 

Gluaae  would  aay,  is  teeth,   ' 

ire    *n    .^r-u^vlc    rovi-     ii|n.>u    each  jiiw,    aiin 
ill         i  wards  that  they  may  act  morts  i 
t'lr-.t    ]iiii..s   the  victim   to  a| 
lI  •'  prefers.  Tlieii,  j 

;    rlie  lower,  fixed, 
aiiviu^cea   the   ujipcr  jaw,  fixes  its  teeth 
the  skin,  iwd  leaves  them  there  while  he 
lovts  forward  the  lower  jaw,  and  bo  continues 
the  bird  or  frog  in  worked  iuto  his  throat  ; 
is  then  swulJowod  Ky  the  affency  of  other 
Luades.     Thia   pt>wer  of  moving   each  jaw 
ly  and  in        '       -  I     -     of  the  other,  i» 
iliar  to  Q\  i  The  frog  may 

the  »tou^^.  ^«.^  .....e  and  active,  90 
if,  a^rwarda,  the  snake  gapes,  aa  he  is 
to  do^  a  frog  has  been  ee^n  to  leap  out 
The  proceaaes  of  life  are  so  alow  in 
that  one  meal  will  not  be  dirated 
snake  for  many  dayB.    He  is  un&ule  to 
regetable  matter.     Oui  snake  La  very 
harmless,  and  if  kept  and  fed,  w^ill  quickly 
learn  to  recogniao  its  patron^  will  feed  out  of 
hia  ?       \   "     I  nestle  up  Ida  sleeve;  but  he 
ahov  of  straagers. 

\\  ^  .... .  _  .1  Jders  1  Yes,  we  have  a  Viper. — 
Pdias  Bcrus  i^  the  mune  he  goes  by,  and  uLa 
fanj^  are  nndeuijible.  This  is  the  only  native 
reptUe  that  cjui,  in  any  de^rree  what^i^ver,  hurt 
li  a  man.  It  is  common  in  £nglund,  anil,  luiHke 
j^Lthe  Bjuike,  prefen*  a  dry  place  to  a  moLst 
^Koue.  **  Adder  ''  and  "  vij^er  "  are  two  wordB 
^■miplietl  to  the  some  tiling — adder  beinr  de- 
^Krived  from  the  Saxon  word  for  *'  nether/  and 
W^  viper  from  >-! viper  ;  becaiiae  thia  reptile,  like 
I  our  common  lizaixl^  hatches  her  eggs  within 
the  body,  or  is  viviparous.  Our  viper  is 
fuuod  ull  over  Europe  ;  not  in  Ireland,  As 
for  Ireland,  it  ia  an  old  boaat  with  the  Iri&h 
that  &dnt  Patrick  baxmed  away  all  reptiles. 
The  paucity  of  reptilea  in  Irehuid  is  remark- 
able, but  they  are  not  altogether  absent.  Our 
conxmon  Hxaril  haA  a  laree  Ii-iah  connexion, 
and  fro<ja  were  introduced  into  Ireland  years 
ago.  Their  spawn  waa  taken  over,  put  into 
water,  throve,  and  thereafter  froga  have  mul- 
tiplied. An  attempt  was  alFq  'iiade  to  intro- 
duce our  I'ommon  anake,  but  the  country- 
people,  with  great  horror,  killed  the  inter- 
Iop.'rs  ;  a  reward  even  waa  offered  for  one 
that  was  known  to  remain  uncaptured. 
li'elaud  is  free  from  adders, 

The  moat  ready  distinction  between  a 
common  snake  and  an  adder,  to  tmfamiliar 
eyea,  fs  founder!  on  the  difference  of  marking. 
WhQe  the  snake  has  separata  alternate  $pot«, 
^'  I   has,  down  ita  baok,  a  chain  of  dark 

^ularly  aqiure,  and  joiined  to  one 
«*...witt.  Adders  are  generally  brown,  but 
differ  very  much  in  colour.  They  have  on 
their  upper  jaw,  instead  of  their  lower,  a  row 
of  fee  ill,  the  well-kno^Ti  ^ngi.  These  are 
loi^,  curved  teeth,  fixed  into  a  moveable  piece 
of  ^>on€^  :uid  hollow.  The  hoUow  is  not  made 
out  of  iht  substance  of  the  tooth  ;  it  ia  as  if  a 
broad  flat  tooth  had  been  bent  round  tipon 


If  to  firm  a    tulje.      The   tube  Is,  open 
iw  and  behii4d,  in  the  curve,  by  a  little 

-i.u     Above,  "■*   ■       "-n,   and   r^'      1 

tiny  l>ag  com  l>  fi  jtjhuul 

:?{.Hjudts  to  a  1.1  I!  r..r    th. 

isulivai  but  ^vl 

3  jx)ison.     Til'  t 

and  hidden  m  a  ilcaliy  cjme  ;  in  1'  13 

rarely  used.     Tine  viper  catches  If 

hifl  birda   or  mice,   after  the   nuuiUtr   ui  a 

harmless  serpenU    But,  when  h  nvi  or  answered, 

he   throws   Dack   his  neck,   divjj       '  i^j 

ready  for  servioe,  bites,  and  wi 

head  immediate^*    Tli>  v  - 

of  necesaity,  was  pree^*  ^ 

of  poison  at  its  root,  aj.i.  ...  ..   .,    ,  „.-.;ig 

the  tube  into  the  wound.  Alter  a  tow  bites, 
the  ba^  becomes  exhausted,  and  the  aildcr 
must  Wfdt  for  a  fresh  sccretjou,  Tlie  tjoifioii 
has  no  toate  or  smell,  and  may  be  swallowed 
with  impunity,  If  there  be  no  raw  surface  in 
the  mouth,  or  sore  upon  the  throat,  or  in  the 
stomach.  It  is  only  through  a  wound  that  it 
can  act  like  poison.  The  bite  of  aw  ad«ler  tu 
tlua  country  never  yet  proved  fattd  ;  but, 
a4!Cordiug  to  the  health  of  the  person  bitten, 
and  according  to  the  grciiter  or  less  heat  of 
the  weather  (for  in  very  hot  weather  a  more 
active  }xjiaon  is  aecruted),  the  wound  made 
will  be  more  or  leas  savere.  It  is  advisable 
to  get  out  of  an  adder's  way. 

All  the  remaining  reptiles  in  thia  oountrv 
are  two  species  of  Frog,  two  species  of  Toadj 
and  four  Newts.  They  are  not  only  mo«t  abso- 
lutely harmle^,  but,  the  frogs,  at  any  rate^  and 
toads,aremiuister8tonir  ^'^  •  .  ^^ 
a  class  of  animals  mor>  y 

other,  perhaps,  in  the  \  d 

liiHtory.     We  yre  cJl  w-j  le 

common  frog,  whose  gi  Wi      , 

(emponxria.  We  see  it — and  it  is  to  be  feared 
<^ome  of  us  kill  it — in  o\ir  gardens,  .•imong 
strawberry  beds  and  damp  vegetation.  Butw 
whereas  frop  feed  upju  tboae  slogs  utA 
insects  which  are  in  the  habit  of  pasturmg 
upon  our  plants,  and  arc  themaelTea  indebtad  ' 
to  us  for  not  a  grain  of  vegetable  matter,  we 
ought  by  all  means  to  be  crateful  to  them. 
So  industrious  are  frogs  in  alug-hi:*'"-  ^hnt 
it  would  be  quite  worth  while  1  e 

them  as  sub^ardcners  upon  om*  i.  .  dij. 
In  catching  msects,  the  frog  suddenly  darts 
out  hia  tongue,  which^  at  the  hinder  part,  is 
loose,  and  covered  with  a  gummy  matter. 
The  insect  is  caught,  and  the  toujgue  returned 
with  wondarfiil  rapidity.  The  frog,  when  it 
ia  firat  hatched,  baa  the  constitution  of  a  fiah  : 
it  is  purely  aquatic  ;  has  a  fish's  hearty  a  fish's 
circiUAtioo,  and  a  fish's  gills.  The  tadpole 
srwims  as  a  fish  does — by  the  movement,  side- 
wa}*B,  of  its  tail  For  the  unassisted  eye,  and 
still  more  for  the  microscope,  what  spectAole 
oan  be  more  tuarvellous  than  the  gradual 
nroceas  of  change  by  which  thia  tiny  fish 
becomes  a  reptile  7  Legs  bud ;  the  fishdike 
gUls  dwindle  oy  a  vital  process  of  abaorption ; 
the  fish-like  air-bladder  becomes  tranBxniited, 


576 


ii 


t 


a»  by  a  roinwle,  into  the  celled  structure  of 
lunffs ;  ilie  tskil  grows  daily  shorter,  not 
broken  off,  but  absorbed ;  the  heart  »ihl»  to 
its  cells ;  the  fish  becnmes  a  reptile  as  the 
tivJpiile  changes  to  a  frog.  The  fuune  proceed 
•we  observe  in  toa^ls  ;  and  it  is  nUo  the  name 
iu  our  newtfl,  excepting  that  in  newta  the  tail 
rcmiiiiis.  There  is  no  jmrallel  in  nuture  to 
this  marvel lotig and  instructive me*4*iiioriihoaia. 

The  pfrfectly- formed  frog  doea  not  live  of 
necessity  in  water,  or  neai*  it,  but  requirea 
damp  air  occasionally*  It  breathes  by  lung«, 
aa  we  have  said  ;  but,  aa  it  haa  no  ribs,  there 
is  no  chest  to  heave  mechanic^y.  The  frog  e 
air  has  to  be  swallowed,  to  be  gulped  down 
into  the  lungB.  That  ia  not  posHioIe  unless 
the  mouth  is  shut ;  and,  therefore,  as  we  might 
suffocate  a  man  by  keeping  his  mouth  shut, 
80  we  should  suifocato  a  frog  by  keeping  his 
month  open.  Yet  we  should  not  suflbcate 
him  instantly;  we  should  disable  the  lungs; 
but,  in  this  class  of  animals  the  whole  skin  is 
a  breathing  surface.  A  frog  has  lived  a 
month  after  hiai  lungs  ha«l  been  extracted. 
Ali  respiratory  surlacea,  hke  the  inside  of  our 
own  lungs,  can  act  only  when  they  are  relaxed 
antl  moist.  That  is  the  reason  why  a  frog^s 
skin  is  always  moist,  and  why  a  frog  requii*es 
moist  ail*.  It  does  not  neecl  this  constantly, 
bf!cau8e,  when  moistui'e  is  abundant,  there  is 
a  bag  in  which  it  stores  up  superfluity  of 
water,  to  be  used  in  any  day  of  need.  It  is 
this  water — pure  and  clear — which  frogs  or 
toads  expel  when  they  are  alarmed  by  being 
handled.  la  not  enough  aaid,  here^  to  rescue 
frojra  from  our  contempt  I  We  may  add^  that 
they  are  capable  of  Ufiderstanding  kinduesa — 
can  be  tamed.  Frogs  hybemate  under  the  mud 
ttf  ponds,  where  they  lie  doae  together,  in  a 
stratum,  till  the  spring  awakens  them  to  a 
renewal  of  their  lives  and  loves.  They  lay  a 
vast  number  of  eggs,  at  the  bottom  of  the 
water ;  wid  the  multitudes  of  young  frogs  that 
swarm  upon  the  shore  when  their  trans- 
formation is  complete,  has  given  rise  to  many 
legends  of  a  shower  of  froga  These  multi- 
tudes  provide  food  for  mnuy  animals,  serpents, 
as  we  have  seen,  birds,  rtsh.  And  the  sur- 
vivoi-s  arc  our  friends. 

The  other  species  of  frog  found  in  this 
country  is  the  Edible  Froe  {Rana  exadentaV 
It  has  for  a  long  time  had  a  colony  in  Foul- 
mire  Fen,  in  Cambridgeshire,  although  pro- 
perly beloDgiDg  to  a  continental  race.  It 
difTcra  from  our  common  frog  in  wanting  a 
dark  nmrk  that  runs  from  eye  to  shoulder, 
and  in  having,  instead  of  it,  a  light  mark — a 
streak — from  heatl  to  t,rul  along  the  centime  of 
the  bock.  The  male  is  a  more  jiortentoiis 
croaker  tliaji  oiir  own  famili&r  musicians,  by 
virtue  of  an  air-Wadder  on  each  cheek,  into 
which  air  is  forced,  and  in  which  it  vibrates 
powerfully  durmg  the  act  of  croaking.  This 
kind  of  frog  is  always  in  or  near  tbo  water, 
and  being  veiy  timid,  plunges  out  of  sight  Lf 
any  one  approaches. 

These  are  our  frogs  ;  aa  for  our  two  Toada, 


HOUSEHOLD  WOBDS. 


innocent. 


m  blooLi 


frf. 


they  are  by  no  means  less 

ai-e   the  Common  To«mV    '^-^ 

Bufo   vulgaris^  ami  a   ^ 

Jack  Toad,  to  be  found 

many  places  about   Loridou,   und    el 

The  toad  uudergoes  transfopmationH 

frog.     It  is  slower  iu  its  movements, 

handsome  in  appearance :  similMf  in  '- 

There   is  a  somewhat   uupl 

from  its  skin,  a  pro<!uct  of  t 

is  nothing  about   it    iu   tht-    i:> 

poisonous.     It  is  remarkably  seij 

uess  ;  more  so  than  the  frog,      i 

tame  toads  are  not  uncommon. 

told  of  the  discovery  of  loads  tili\ 

of  marble,  where  no  air  could  1  ■- 

has  been  difficulty,  hitherto,   in 

such  ejtample    free  from   the    } 

error.      It    may    be    found,    b- 

toads    can    remain    for    a    series 

torpid.     It  has  been  proved  that  sm 

apparent  death  of  fifteen  yeaiu,  b..'. 

active  on  applying  moLstiu'e.    A  j>. 

distinct  is  at  present  wanting   h    n 

toads.     The    toad,   like  other    r- ]  : 

occasionatlv  cast  its  skin.    The  ol 

along  the  ^ack,  and  gradually  j. 

comes  oiT  on  each  aide,  with  a  In  i 

exertion  ou  the  toad*s  part.     Then^  hafu^ 

rolled  his  jacket  up  into  a  ball,  he  eata  it  1 

No  reptiles  remain  now  to  be  "^rtttiitinlL 
but  four  sfiecies  of  Newt  These  little 
tures  are  abundant  in  our  ptJiids  and  di 
and  some  are  most  ialsely  accused  of 
poisonous.  They  are  utterly  harmless, 
transformations,  their  habits^  their  clmn 
akin,  their  laying  of  eggs,  con  easily 
watched  by  any  who  wilT  keep  them  (a  % 
miniature  pond.  A  large  pan  of  wat.-j  w-Vu 
sand  and  stones  at  the  Ixittom, 
vegetable  matter  for  food,  and  a  lew 
water-plants,  extracted  from  theii'  naUTc 
place,  will  keep  a  dozen  newts  in  cf*«ift»rt. 
Tlie  water-plants  are  needed,  because  a  nc«rt 
prefers  to  lav  her  egg  upon  a  leaf.  8he  htanda 
upon  it,  curls  it  up  with  her  hind  lega,  aad 
put^  an  egg  between  the  fold,  where  it  reniaiita 
glued.  These  being  our  reptiles,  are  thcj 
proper  obj^ts  of  abhorrence  7  At  this  ecatfoti 
they  are  all  finishing  their  winter  nap.  Iji  n, 
few  weeks  they  w3l  come  among  ua,  and 
then,  when 


-*'  the  songs,  the  stirring  oir. 


The  life  re-orieut  out  of  duat» 
Cry  through  the  sease  to  beartea  tniat 
In  that  ivbich  made  the  world  eo  fSdr  ** — 

may  we  not  permit  our  hearts  to   be    Ad- 
monished by  the  reptiles  also  ? 


Otk  tU  29rA  instant  (nff  U  readjif,  pHet  5t.  fi£, 
tuaUjif  bound  Cw  dolk, 

THE     SECOND 


n>  i*M«i  ti  tM  uitHk  S«.  l^  »««int*»i'Hi  >itmx  Nvnii,*ti%*»4. 


"HOUSEHOLD  WORDS." 

Qmfaintnff  frvm  Sumfn^r  27  to  >'iii»i/'<t  ui'.  hoik 


I  rrt  n%  m  *  »Ti 


"  Familiar  in  their  Mouthi  a$  HOUSEHOLD  WORDS." 


— 6MAXstrfcAa«. 


HOUSEHOLD    WORDS. 

A    WEEKLY    JOURNAL: 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKEKS. 


N«-  M.] 


SATURBAY,  MARCH  16,  1851. 


[PwcR  2*2. 


THE  FEMALE  SCHOOL  OF  DESIGN 

I  IN  THE  CAFTTAL  OP  TITR  WORLD. 

H  Mk.  Jous  Motlbt  is  an  extensive  manu- 
^u^ui^r  of  wcHjUen  shAwk  and  table-covers. 
^^^Hfiritiah  mauufactarers  of  aimilar  articles 
j^^^^iot  like  Mr.  John  Motlej,  we  are  ex- 
trf  mely  liappy  to  say  ;  but  both  history  and 
iustice  compel  us  to  state,  that  the  family  of 
the  Motleys  is  a  very  large  out*,  comprising 
niftDy  members  and  branches,  all  followmg  the 
same  trade,  and  including  the  Patchmaus  and 
the  Stairinffs,  great  manufacturers  of  chintzes 
and  printed  cottons ;  and  the  Squabtons,  who 
monopolise  half  the  trade  in  crockery  and 
"ware* 
Mr.  John  Motley  lias  i^one  on  pretty  much 
the  same  way  ail  his  life,  i,  t^  in  the  same 
way  AS  his  &kther  beC^re  him^  who  also  fol- 
lowed in  the  steps  of  his  father  and  grand- 
fiUher.  The  necessities  of  change  of  some 
kind,  which  he  called  fashion,  compelled  him 
to  adopt  corresponding  changes,  which  he 
called  patterns,  and  sometimes,  by  way  of 
irony,  aesimu^  ^^ry  frequently  he  adopted 
novelties  jfrom  the  continental  manufacturers, 
but  always  altered  them  to  his  own  taste — 
the  i\*guhir  old  family  taste  of  the  Motleys ; 
that,  in  truth,  there  was  no  real  adoption 
f  a  continental  design,  but  merely  a  fresh 
pulse  junl  enlivenment  given  to  the  native 
"atock.  Mr.  John  Motley,  like  all  the  rest  of 
his  family,  consiiIere<i  that  he  thoroughly 
nnde;«tood  the  English  baste ;  that  his  own 
taste  was  the  model  atid  criterion  of  public 
taflte — in  fact,  that  the  two  things  were  iden- 
tk'Al.  He  had  been  successful — bad  raised  a 
Ibrtone,  and  was  still  accumulating ;  and  what 
better  proof  could  imybody  have  of  the  cor- 
]\  recioess  of  his  judgment  and  method  of  con* 
^'dooting  boaineM.  Besides,  he  used  to  add, 
Hwitli  a  knowinff  wink,  they  mrof  buy  our 
H  floods,  because  tney  can't  get  any  others — the 
^^auty  on  foreign  articles  giving  us  a  monopotv 
^ftof  the  home  market.  Very  pro|)er  it  should. 
^plt  proleclii  our  property,  and  the  family  taste. 
I  ^  Year  after  year,  l!he  sucoeiBful  John  Motley 
sent  forth  his  oountleas  balea  of  shawls 
ana  table-covers,  with  great  vulgar  pat- 
terns, dabbed,  sprawlins,  or  conglomerating, 
ever  a  gaudy  ground— ^e  coloors  of  which 
were  not  only  mharmonions  with  those  of  the 


rot.  II, 


patterns,  but  a  violent  outrage  to  all  harmony. 
If  he  is  ever  reproached  with  a  want  of  novelty, 
or  a  want  of  beauty  in  his  patterns,  by  s^jme 
stranj;e  and  particular  {eUow  among  liis  whole- 
wile  customers — a  thing  that  does  now  and 
then  reach  his  ears — he  merely  replies,  with 
dogged  indifference,  "  You  see,  there 's  a  waai 
of  invention  in  the  country — ^we  have  no  de- 
si^ers ;  so,  we  do  the  best'we  can.  Take  'cm 
or  leave  'em." 

In  a  similar  course,  and  with  like  success, 
have  the  various  branches  of  the  Motley 
family  proceeded.  The  Fatchmans,  and  the 
Stainngs  have  all  most  rigorously  followed  in 
the  old  system  of  eschewing  all  real  novelties 
of  any  beauty  and  elegance,  and  insisting 
upon  their  own  taste  fis  the  taate  of  the 
public;  till  at  length  the  public,  by  the  force 
of  long  habit  has,  in  the  mass,  come  to 
believe  them,  and  adopted  moat  of  the  new 
patterns  —  whether  of  gandineas,  dulneaa, 
heaviness,  meanuess,  vulgarity,  or  confusion — 
which  tJiey  have  sent  forth  to  the  world. 
The  Squabtons,  with  all  their  vast  producing 
power  in  the  shape  of  hardwai-e  articles  oi 
domestic  use  and  necessity,  have  sedulously 
adhered  to  the  fiunily  maxmi  of  "  stick  to  the 
old  models  "'  as  long  as  possible,  and  by  way 
of  novelties  "ring  the  cuanges'*  upon  them 
oulv.  Hence  our  dummy  jugs,  and  mugs, 
and  jars,  and  candlesticks,  and  vases,  and 
other  articles  of  the  home  produce.  If  you 
see  among  them  any  one  shape  of  an  elegance 
that  instantly  attracts  the  tye,  yuu  find  it  is 
double  the  price,  even  wheti  of  the  same 
material,  anci  not  needing  more  talxiur  in  the 
workmansliipthan  a  dumm^  article — ^rQvid^ 
there  has  not  been  a  reaiBtoDce,  or  a  wit  fill 
stupidity  in  opposition  to  any  reul  improve- 
ment in  taste — for  this  article  is  from  a 
foreign  model.  Had  it  been  actually  a  foreign 
article  for  which  a  duty  had  been  paid,  there 
woiild  be  some  reason  for  the  double  price  \ 
but  this  is  simply  a  copy  and  adoption,  and 
the  high  price  is  therefore  of  no  necessity,  but 
simply  in  order  to  hold  in  check  all  tsste  for 
articles  of  similar  elegance  or  grace.  Mr, 
Squabton  does  not  approve  of  them.  He 
only  admits  them  into  his  show-rooiua,  be- 
cause it  looks  well  to  have  all  sorts.  But 
they  do  not  please  the  habitual  Bquobton 
eye.  Me  therefore  aisnmes  that  they  would 
not  meet  the  public  taat^  \  ot^SiSSows  «toiw,>fi«» 


Vw 


\ 


HOtrSEHOLD  WORDS. 


public  ought  not  to  be  encouraged  t«  buy 
Buch  thing* — aod  shAU  not,  as  long  as  n€ 
<uui  prevBut  it. 

r  hftTe  sftiil  tlutt  ail  maauiactiirew  wire 
t,,,  "     '        tho-e   wev"     '  '^ ' 

f  i  on  the  ev 

thiJU'-  '•vim  V'j>  Mjtferent  ey* -.  .<  .i.i  .i.-.-- 
juat"  nientiouerl.      Though   comparatively   a 

rjuug  mail — in  fact  a  junior  partner — I  tnust 
may  be  allowt^d  to  include  n\y»elf  amoog 
the  except ioufl.  I  really  do  wish  t-o  see  an 
improveiuent  in  the  taote  of  nil  designs  for 
the  useful  art**  ;  and  I  Vtelleve  the  time  is  not 
<kr  distant  when  manufacturers  will  more 
genenilly  perceive  the  irn[H>rtance  of  encou- 
raging such  desdpis  by  all  the  mciuui  in  their 
power.  If  nothing  els*  will  tejM*h  them,  the 
multa  of  the  fbrthcoming  Greut  Expoekkm 
wUi  do  80^  aa  it  will  atakc  them  alive  to  lli«ir 
own  interests  bj  demonfitraiiona  of  the  antt 
effeotUAl  kind,  llie  public  tAste  is  likely 
Ixrtind^r^  a  rapad  revolution  in  many  articles 
oomltining  beHUty  of  design  with  doncstifi 
utility,  that  *b  my  opinion  ;  ikoA  then  wtere 
are  the  producers  7  and  what  will  become  of 
■U  the  bales,  and  piles,  and  stacks  of  the 
perverse  old  stock  t 

I  heard  a  mat  Mancheittr  nwmifaotavar 
Inr '"  ■•  '  cmly  a  few  days  ago,  the  want  of 
1^  lod  dedi^ers  in  our  own  couutrj-, 

X  wv..„  .....X  I  had  been  informed  that  there 
were  two  Schools  of  Desigs  in  Loodoii — a 
male  school,  and  a  female  idiool — ^vhere  tlie 
BtodMits  coutinuatlv  produced  fint-iste  de- 
dgna.  He  said  he  had  never  been  there,  nor 
■MB  any  of  their  designss  that  he  knew  of ; 
•ad  again  lamented  the  want  of  new  patterns. 
Another,  a  great  hbbon  inanu&ctnrer  of  my 
awfnaantanee — in  iJKit,  he  marned  asy  axint — 
expends  at  least  a  thousand  a  year  in  getting 
foreign  designs,  and  he  has  never  onoe  taken 
n  design  irom  any  of  Uieae  Sehooh*  When 
I  told  him  I  hai]  seen  eood  thiiigt  that 
came  from  them,  he  looked  mcrednloas  and 
vacant,  and  said  that  I  was  yoang  in  the 
busineas.  ^ot  a  ward  about  going  to  see 
them*  or  sending  ap  for  a  few  specimens. 
Another  great  manatacturer,  with  whom  our 
firm  often  has  large  dealings,  dined  with  tta 
hut  week.  He  knew  of  these  Schools,  and 
allowed  us  a  bcauti^l  design  for  a  oarpet 
which  he  had  obtained  from  one  of  tiiem,  in 
which  the  colonra  were  all  linely  harmonised. 
"It  will  sell  very  well,"  said  he,  ** after  I 
have  altered  it  a  Uttle  to  my  own  taste." 
**  Why,  what  will  yon  do  to  it  I  "  I  inquired. 
*  I  must  vidfforiM  it,"  said  he,  touching  my 
elbow  ;  "  where  they  have  pot  grey,I  ahaiu  put 
loariet ;  imd  where  you  sm  purple  here,  I 
ahfcU  put  gr^n  and  yellow,  or  such  like," 
Another  maoufactnrer,  whose  warehouse  I 
was  viaiting  only  the  c<her  day,  showed  me  a 
taltle  cover  of  a  most  chaste  and  handaome 
design — a  broad,  rich,  gothic  border,  with  a 
daik  centre  auite  pUiu,  which  of  course  made 
the  deep  border  look  all  the  richer.  "  This  is 
very  good,"  said  he,  '^but  we  always  like 


something  catching  in   tho    centre.    I 
have  a  »ond  bunch  of  peotiT  ro***  »t»d  tal 
or  fi*w  ■  -^ort,  fur  ' ' 

Til  -rever,   a 

ir-ellence  ni  sfverai  dqwgna  1  ii;*'i  »ccii,  wni 
)iad  oome  both  from  tha  ntaltf  asd  tel 
HchooLs,  detemVi'^"^^  "^'^  to  |ro  to  Loo<l 
forthwith  and  It  b  onlj /oat^ 

to  HMv  ili-Lt  I  i'  'h  the  fsdl  aftptxnf 

and,  :  I,  of  my  senior  panaem 

Dm  It  rail,  I  tbo^jtevq 

much  aU'  — and  teptmSk}  U 

Female  Si  -"^l  to  me  to  Soielai 

many  queslionfi  ul  •  reaft,  which  4 

now  so  often  sees  di  jj^riodicals.  a 

ev^m  in  II  '     '  a 

persons,   i  1\ 

reapcH-i'  4 

once  4 

now.  ij 

are  i  A 

yXaam. 

tlic  UuVLnmitnt  L.i.  J   of  tbna. 

thw  msnufactnrers  \ct   I^mrsil 

ur 
^effSiiiC 


.rt*y 

mi 


women. 

I  therefore  determined  to 
visit  to  the  Female  School, 
betook  myself  striught   to   Sometvil 
I  should  premise  that  I  bi^iff*,  10 jwJl(  ft 
genei-al  knowledge  of  dimwitig,   asul  U 
unfortunately,  I  have  no  original  gcaii 
designing  patterns  for   my  ovm   b*ih_^ 
once   had  consideimble    psmctise    m   ocmi 
both  from  prints  and  eaatii — Use  •  f-*     ^ 
the  "rouivl  "  •-  '••■ ♦I'^t*  cnll  it. 

Arrive- 1  et  House,  t  was 

that  the    1  -chool    oK  Deaigm  wm 

longer  there.     "  i#one  !  **  said  I, 

"Aye — i"efOovt«d  to  ov^v  the  ws^r." 

I  was  staggered  for  a  rac^i  T 

that  a  ptitemal  Oovrmtii 
the  shadow  of  i '  i^  « iii^s 

most  needing  yi 

**  But  is  it  not  stiii,    said  I,  **  n 
Institution — is  it   not   still    undo'  ClU 
taction " 

** Yes— yes— All  ri^^^it— overUte  wnj ; 
the  porter  closed  the  door. 

I  bretttlied  i^in ;  ray  feATS  far  tJlc 
girls  were  allaytd.  and  I  aecorrtegljr 
to  look  up  and  down  at  tli«  froMC^ 
houses  over  the  tvay — ^that  ^ 
Somerset  House.  I  thoiight 
**  Strand  "  pretty  well  j  but  I  oould  iNf 
collect  any  house  over  the  way  of  a  kinit  •• 
resembling  the  house  of  a  OovwrnsrtK  U 
stitution.  Nor,  strange  to  any,  d(d 
up  and  down,  at  all  help  IIM^.'  l%e  miMPi 
looked,  the  less  I  could  cuacover  of  any  an 
house— or  one  likely  to  be    ir      In   fiuft. 


Ch«HM  0kcMa*.J 


tot:  female  school  of  design. 


» 


flpeedilj  canie  to  the  conviction  that  ^  over  the 
wajr**  meant  a  considerable  vrmj  up  or  down  the 
Strand,  on  the  opposite  aide ;  and  accoidin^y 
1  crossed  orer,  and  bc^an  to  walk  ^ong^  Btarmg 
up  at  e>^r>'  ^o^uie  I  p«saed.  No  extenxal 
meoB  asiisted  me  in  the  leaat,  and  I  arrived 

the  croailng  leading  to  HolyTveil  Street 
then  turn*:sl  hack,  ana  ]^roceeded»  stariM  up 

the  san^e  way,  till  again  I  found  m^u  at 

croesing  of  CatherlDe  Street,    Being  nov 

at  faulty  I  went  into  a  ahop  and  In- 

luired.    Thej  knew  nothing  about  it.    Then 

to  another — and  luckily  they  did  seem  to 
w  of  ffuch  a  place,  and  informed  me  that 
^  It  was  at  one  of  theaoap  and  aponge-ehops  ** 
they  did  'nt  know  which. 

I  was  a  little  surprised  at  tlm,  but  atiri- 
bated  it  to  the  ignorance  of  the  speaker^jand 
was  glad  at  last  to  have  got  aciu&  Thus 
directed,  I  singled  out  a  Bhop  of  this  kind^ 
and  on  the  left  hand  aide  of  a  dooi^way  lead- 
ing up  a  very  narrow  pasaage,  I  saw  writt«[i 
up  **  Female  Classes  of  me  Government 
^hool  of  Deugn,"  rather  small,  on  a  convex 
board,  and  half  slipping  round  a  comer  as  if 
aflhaoied  of  itself.  No  wonder  I  bad  not  ob- 
served it  in  pa&sing.  If  I  had  seen  the  board, 
I  should  ha%  e  taken  it  for  one  of  the  cheap 
dentist  ajid  cuppers'  boards 

tJp  this  narrow  p&Bsage  I  walked.  It  was 
acarcely  four  feet  wide,  and  very  dark.  I  ad- 
mit that  the  dny  was  extremely  bod  and  foggy. 
At  any  rate,  it  was  bo  dark,  and  with  so  lUUe 
indication  o(  an  enti-ance  to  a  *'  School," — 
unieasv  indeied,  to  some  poor ''  Evening  School  '* 
in  the  comitr}*,  or  a  "^  Bagged  School '"  in 
London,  that  I  walked  right  out  at  the  other 
end,  and  found  myself  in  a  strange-looking 
ooort,  which  proved  to  be  the  enhance  to  a 
lioap-manuiactory.  Here  I  was  ^gain  obliged 
to  inquire^  and  was  directed  back  again  into 
the  nam'>w  passage;  and  here  I  came  to  a 
perfectly  dark  aide-door,  which  I  had  paased 
on  my  way,  and  now  by  straining  my  eyes,  I 
cuutrived  to  read  the  word  "  School ; "  for  the 
real,  if  au^thinc;^  I  positively  could  not  dia^ 
tinguish  ;  and  I  will  defy  jou^  read^,  to  aee 
much  clearer,  even  after  all  line  directiooa  I 
have  given,  if  you  go  on  any  day  at  all  £3ggy 
or  doaky,  many  of  wludi  I  beheve  you  Lon- 
doners are  quite  accustomed  to.  *'  Queer  place 
enough,''  thought  I,  '  tor  a  paternal  Govern- 
ment to  establish  a  nimiber  of  youns  ladies 
in.'*  The  knocker  refilling  to  move,  I  mmbled 
out  a  bell-handle — pulled — and  was  admitted. 

Having  made  known  to  Mrs.  Mc  Ian — the 
lady  superintending  the  school — that  I  was  a 
inanafactarer,  and  a  partner  in  an  influential 
firm,  I  received  a  polite  attention,  and  was 
conducted  into  the  largest  of  the  rooms  appro- 
priat©<l  tx)  the  btndenta. 

Tii-  >......  .y.j^  ii^  fiist-floor  front,  exactly 

I  >elow.    It  could  not  have  been 

twelve  feet  high.  I  do  not  know 

^*  nt«  were  there ;  but  the  room 

was  1.1,  A  ding.  They  were  packed  close 

together  Kill  iorms,  jtist  like  children  at  a 


Sunday  School,  in  our  mamr,"  ^ 

The  elbows,  and,  in  some  oas-  4 

of  one  student  touching  thust-  im  uli  n^-xt 
door  neighbours,  on  eacn  side.  The  drawing 
desks,  or  stands,  with  the  forms,  were  ar- 
ranged in  row3  across  the  room,  and  so 
closely  that  to  pass  alon^  between  was  not 
possible  without  freqnenUy  scraping  oneself 
against  the  desk  behind,  or  causing  the 
student  in  front  to  bend  and  pads  herself 
forward  against  her  own  drawiug-ht>an!.  Tliis 
was  the  junior  dsss.     Tliey  w*  t  '  v; 

from  the  "flat"  and  the  ^'mund.  : 

drawings^  and  bas-reliefs) ;  but,  thuuuu  n  wna 
only  two  o'dock,  the  light  was  so  bi^  owing 
to  the  fog^.  '"•■'  *^^'"  dusty,  undeane*^  ia,i.iJ,.v.^,»^ 
that  to  '  L  anything  aeci:  0 

out  of  th      ,  LL     1  aak^  a  st  „  :  j y 

they  did  not  have  drawing-lamps,  but  was  in- 
formed that  none  were  slfowed.  By  bending 
down,  with  a  close  scrutiny,  to  the  drawings 
of  two  or  three  of  those  nearest  the  windows, 
I  could  s6e  that  they  were  very  well  dome ; 
and  the  copies  of  sevei'al  of  the  casts  of  scrull- 
work-  flowers,  and  fruit,  In  high  reUel^  were 
excellent.  In  the  im perfect  light,  the  draw- 
ings really  looked  almost  as  tangible  and 
round  as  the  casts  themselves.  Some  drew 
in  chalk,  and  some  painted  in  oil,  m^mv^  iu 
water-colour  ;  but  the  majority  painted  iu 
what  ia  called  tempera^  or  body  colour,  and  of 
the  saiue  kind  in  which  Cartoons  ai'e  painted. 
Though  the  Are  was  small,  the  room  was  very 
hot  and  close,  and  there  was  no  sort  of  pro- 
vision for  vidutilatian. 

In  the  back  room,  on  the  second  floor, 
which  was  much  amaller,  there  was  similar 
crowding,  and  with  greater  injury,  as  ihe 
higher  class  of  students  were  here  :  and 
these,  frequently  having  large  designs,  were 
continually  in  ea<-h  other^s  way«  For  a 
youjm;  lady  to  have  a  blow  on  the  cheek,  or 
the  aids  of  her  head,  from  the  comer  of  a 
wooden-(rame — an  easel  to  be  upset — a  cast 
knocked  down  —  a  ii^Bahiy-tMunted  design 
smeared  across,  or  a  hole  knoocsd  in  a  canvas^ 
were  things  of  almost  every'day  oocnrrsnce. 
One  of  thoM  rents  in  a  design  for  a  carpet, 
and  half  flnished,  I  myself  saw.  Tlie  hole 
was  so  lar^  I  eoiild  have  crept  through  it ; 
and  OD  this  very  day  of  my  visit^  a  valuable 
poroehun  vase  has  been  knockea  down  aod 
brokem,  sheerly  from  the  impossibility  of  any 
one  being  able  to  move  without  jostling 
somebody  or  sometiiing.  Here  :iiso,  the  room 
was  very  hot  and  close — nothing  in  th*  ehj^w 
of  ventilation. 

Impossible  as  it  WM,  trc^m  the  state  of  the 
atmosphere,  added  to  the  extreme  dirtiness  of 
the  windows,  all  crusted  over,  as  th^y  were, 
with  London  dust  and  smut8,  to  Judge  well  of 
colours,  in  themselves,  I  could  yet  Hce  that 
the  best  had  been  selected,  and  tlie  best 
harmonies  emplnyecC  I  hero  saw  deigns 
for  table-eovers,  ohints,  ladies'  muslin,  or  otJi«r 
figured  dreenea,  groups  of  flowers,  fruit,  carpets, 
paper-hangings,  moaels  in  clay  and  wax,  Ae 


fiSO 


HOUSEHOLD  WOKDS. 


The  designs  were  lumdsome,  beautiful,  chaAte, 
aiKi  ori^nal,  and  would  do  any  EngliBh 
nuuiufiicturer's  heart  good  to  see  tnem,  if  he 
only  had  the  good  teiuae  to  set  a  just  value 
on  the  advantage  of  finding  such  things  close 
to  hand  in  his  own  country. 

Tl»e  two  attics  above  are  arranged  in  the 
siinie  way  as  the  rooms  on  the  second  floor^ 
the  senior  studentii  being  packed  in  the  little 
back  room,  while  the  junior  are  in  the  larger 
room  in  fiont.  Th«e  rooms  are  only  eight 
feet  high.  In  the  front  attic  there  are  twenty 
students.  The  oppre8ai\'e  atmosphere  was 
scarcely  emiurable  on  first  entering.  No  ven« 
tilation  whatever  had  been  provided  It 
reminded  me  of  what  we  read  of  the  "  sweat- 
ing system"  Muong  the  poor  journeymen 
taSors. 

The  principal  dedgna  In  the  attics  were 
aimilar  to  those  below,  viz.,  for  carpets,  rogi, 
akreens,  ladies^  dresses,  table  covers,  lace 
handkerchiefs,  ribbons,  shawls,  die,  and  I  am 
quite  sure,  from  the  excellence  di&played  in 
many  of  them,  that  the  instructions  and 
asaiduity  of  Mrs.  M*laii  must  be  of  the 
highest  order.  The  day  being  so  very  daik, 
I  took  my  leave,  proposing  to  make  another 
visit  when  the  light  should  be  favourable. 

This  School  haj8  now  been  established 
eight  years,  and  comprises  seventy  student-s. 
Considering  that  the  majority  of  thom  on 
first  entering  the  School  could  not  draw  at 
all,  and  hsd  to  be  instructed  in  the  first 
mdimenta,  the  progress  displayed  by  so 
many  confers  the  greatest  credit  upon  their 
instnictort  The  merits  of  this  inatitutiun 
ought  to  be  much  better  known  than  they 
are^  and  the  example  should  be  followed  m 
the  pixjvincea.  It  is  surprising  how  few  such 
Schools  eiist  in  England,  or  in  any  other 
countr}%  There  has  been  one  only  in  Paris 
duriuc  these  many  years  (I  mean^  a  Female 
School)  but  this  is  not  pi*operly  a  School  of 
Design,  and  is  simply  a  drawing-school,  where 
they  chiefly  copy  prints,  and  seldom  draw 
from  the  "round."  A  aimilar  school,  how- 
ever, to  the  present,  has  been  eatabliithed  by  a 
ladv  in  Philadelphia,  who  wrote  to  Mrs, 
M*ian  for  information  as  to  the  methoda  and 
general  routine  adopted.  Befiidea  the  advan- 
tages of  such  a  school  to  the  manufacturer,  it 
is  evidently  an  eicelleut  thing  to  society  to 
provide  such  a  means  for  rendering  young 
women  able  to  obtain  an  honourable  mdej^n- 
dence,  and  it  also  supersedes  the  necessity  for 
engaging  mole  teachers  of  drawing  in  ladies^ 
schools,  which  hits  otlen  been  found  very  ob- 
ieotionable.  if  not  injurious. 

A  bright  sunny  morning  happening  to 
fiivour  the  Metropolis  a  day  or  two  aft^r, 
I  renewed  my  visit  to  the  Government 
School,  over  the  sponge  and  soap  shop.  I 
mmie  no  doubt  but  I  should  now  see  h11  the 
drawings  and  designs  to  the  greatest  advan- 
tage, at  least,  bo  far  as  light  was  concerned. 
The  fostering  shop — itself  a  very  good  one, 
und  perfectly  respectable,  thouffh   a  strange 


kposibl 


llii 

-floon 


place  for  a  Government  Institute — look«il 
oright  and  weil-to-do,  and  the  side  P*«MMSi 
was  several  shades  less  dark,    thcmgh  t/M 

very  gloomy,  and  exactly  like  the  eol 
a  wine  merchant's  office  and  cellarage. 

In   my  anticipatious  I  was  not    di 
Though  there  was  no  room  to  nee  snf\ 
designs  to  advantage — the  eye  being 
foot  or  two  of  the  specimens,  aiid  t-o  atep^ 
a  pace  or  two  from   them  lieing  impcn 
in  the  room  of  the  senior  students — tlie  jgnot' 
and  variety  of  the  designs,  and  the  b«M(^ 
of  the  colouring,  were  on  thia  ooeaaioD 
apparent.      But  how  waa  it   Chat  tbo^ 
front  rooms — the  largest   by   far— 4iad 
appropriated    to   the   begJniiers    aod 
classes,  while  the  senior  students  were 
packed  in  pens  and  cribs — back  second- 
of  only  nine-and-a-half  leet  hi^h,  and   fxick 
attics  of   only    eight   feet    hi^    by   eh. 
feet  m  width!    The  elucidation   of  thi^    i 
regret  to  say,  does   not  place    the    whu 
and  care  of  a  paternal  Govei'mDent   in 
highest  light,  even  so  far  as  a  knowledge 
drawing  ia  concerned. 

Wien  there  happens  to  be  a  briqf  ♦  "    - 
ing,  the  very  strength  of  the  light  in  i 
rooms,  renders  them  the  more  unsu 
students  in  drawing — the  windows  being  pi 
cisely  in  the  wi-ong  asi)ect,     ^V^JeIl    I  he*  sut 
shines  in  these  front  rooms,  the  shadow 
one  student's  head    daikens   fitfully,  at 
moving  shades,   the    d rawing -boaj^    of 
student  nest  on  the  other  side — and  so  an, 
down  the  i"ow»  across  the  room.     T' 
of  making  a  copy  from  a  cast,  or 
throwing  its  own  variable  shade  \^ 
dered  most  painful  and  peqile.xiiii,^  t,, .  a  v< 
student, — becunse  a  drawing  that  is  ugri 
light  and  shade  at  one  period,  beeoioi 
correct  in  the  next  quarter  of  an  ht 
cast  or  model,  in  the  advance  of 
hanng  undergone  a  eorreapon«ling 
its  shadows.    Hence,  all  young  students" 
are  copying  intricate  and  difficult  reliefs, 
tinually  find   themselves  hopeleasly 
out,  and  reduced  to  despair. 

Now,  this  Ih  very  surprising — tnexpltcahl^ 
to  any  plain  man  hke  my  sol  t'     For  m-e  thci 
not  two   or  three  Koyal  Academicians  ooi 
nectetl  with   the    Boiurd   of  Trade,   and 
they  never  remonstrate  with  the  honoiirabl< 
ancf  leame<l   Board  I    Moreover,  there   is 
lady,  as  Directress  of  the  School,  who  is 
accompliahed    artiat.     Why   does    not     ]VJ 
M'lan  complain  loudly  of  all  this  to  theBoar>j 
of  Trade,  or  to  sfimeWdy  high  in  office  7      Ji 
Mrs.  M'laii   afmJd   a  paternal   Governii 
will  "  bile  her  head  off,  *  if  she  dares  to 
her  mouth  ? 

The   fires  ia  the  rooms  are  nV'  ^-'-.lyt  fow^ 
yet    to-day   being    a   bright    d;  '*mfc 

and    oppressiveness    of    the    iitt      ^  La 

scarcely  to  be  en<!ured.  In  the  Imck  r>eiia^, 
where  the  senior  studuuta  are  packet!  to- 
gether, the  air  is  half  siifiboatijig-— and  see  f 
there  is  poor  Miss  ♦  *  ♦  carried  out  faiDting; 


Ch«#l#«  HldMtft^j 


DARLING  DOREL. 


ThU,  the  studenta  inform  me,  i«  not  at 
all  an  uneommou  occurrence.  The  chim- 
mey,  too,  is  unoking  !  Thin,  they  teU  me  is 
ilao  coLuiuou,  and  invariable  whenever  coals 
re  put  on  ;  ao  that  they  are  either  oblig;ed 
op«n  a  window^  and  riak  a  h&i\  cold  au.er 
in  A  rapour  bath,  or  else  sit  iu  the 
idst  of  the  cloud  to  the  injury  of  their  eyt^a, 
leir  breathing,  and  often  to  the  tiestnictiou 
of  any  dehcaie  Unts  they  are  lading  in  upon 
tiheir  painting.  Many  of  them  siilfer  head- 
ache, jminH  across  the  eyes^  in  the  throat, 
f.uckness  and  dizziness.  One  student  toKl  mo 
•■lie  never  was  fi*ee  from  headache  dming  the 
rhole  six  hours  she  was  daily  at  work. 
ley  would  account  a  ventilator  as  a  great 
)le8sing,  80  much  do  they  need  a  breath  of 
fresh  air.  Surely  a  paternal  Government  might 
(out  of  a  Sur^jlns)  two-and-sixjjence,  to 
a  whirligig  ventilator  to  spin  a  little  vital 
idr  through  a  hole  in  the  wall  at  the  top  of 
each  of  these  rooms,  where  industrious  young 
women  ai'e  seeking  to  acquire  the  mi^ans  of 
assisting  their  families,  aad  of  gaining  an 
honourable  and  useful  independence  for  them- 
selves  iu  future  life. 

This  Female  School  of  Design  which  had 
originally  been  ^tablished  in  Somerset  House, 
was  removed  from  those  qujkrters  by  a  p<.'ti- 
tion,  which  set  forth  the  want  of  adequate 
room. 

**  Verv  well ;"  said  the  courteous  Board  of 
Trade,  '^Oh,  certainly !  We  'U  attend  to  your 
wish." 

The  School  was  accordingly  removed  to 
*  over  the  way  !  '*  This  looks  very  like 
saying  inwardlVf  "  I  '11  give  you  enough  of 
petitioning  for  a  move." 

Without  doubt  the  students  are  right  in 
saying  that  the  old  room  in  Somerset  House 
was  tar  better.  It  was  large — though  not 
lai^  enough^and  they  liad  a  proper  aspect 
as  to  the  light  Tliese  present  rooms  are  said 
to  be  only  temporary  ;  but  as  "  temporary  " 
BO  oft«n  means,  with  the  Government,  a  very 
long  and  a  very  indefinite  period,  it  has  been 
suggested  that  the  School  should  be  moved 
baoK  to  Somerset  House  meanwhile.  But 
the  distressed  Board  of  Trade  says  there 's  no 
room  there,  now.  They  can't  find  four  or 
five  spare  rooncis  in  uU  Somerset  House 
.—the  great  building  is  so  full  !  How  very 
■much  I  should  like  to  see  a  statement  of  how 
all  the  innumerable  rooms  in  this  great 
quadrangle  of  great  houses  are  filled.  I 
['bonder  wliether  anybody  lives  there  ! 

Can  noboily  suggest  to  the  Board  of  Trade, 
i«ome  pl.Hce  ^ith  a  proper  light,  where  there 
Is  at  leftst  one  good  large  room  for  these 
iJamale  students  7  The  importance  of  a  large 
besides  the  advantage  of  light  and 
18  very  great.  A  number  of  students  can 
id  round  iuid  see  the  insti-udot-  painty  or 
ivo  a  special  lesson  to  a  pupil,  from  which 
others  may  equally  benefit.  Besides  this, 
there  is  a  great  advantage  in  students  seeing 
each  other    work;   they    learn    from    cru;h 


other,  and  it  also  e?:  '.^  j illation.  Can  no 
such  room  be  found  vast  luftrnjHjli.^ 

where  so  many  spicu.li.j  j-uIjUc  and  private 
edifices  and  builcungs  exist  1  If  Mr.  j  Abou- 
chere  would  but  intercede  in  a  high  quarter^ 
so  that  this  most  praiseworthy  Scla>ol  of 
Design  might  be  located  in  one  of  the  light, 
airj,  and  l^antiful  stables  now  building  for 
the  Prince  of  Wales,  that  would  be  just  the 
thing,  both  in  itself^  and  in  the  quiet  I'efii.e- 
ment  of  its  locality. 

But, as  for  the  present  rc»oma,  I  need  not  state 
— fts  the  fact  must  be  obvious  to  all — that  if 
a  paternal  Government  had  studied  to  select 
one  of  the  worst  possible  places  tn'  auch  a 
school,  they  could  not  have  more  eomplet*?!y 
succeeded.  In  points  of  art,  and  as  a  piaco  of 
study,  I  liave  described  what  it  h,  without 
exaggeration ;  and  as  to  the  suitability  of  its 
locauly  for  respectable  young  females,  I  may 
also  venture  to  statch^with  no  power  to  use 
any  exaggeration  that  can  sujpan  the  fjict — 
that  it  is  in  the  close  vicimty  of  several 
gin-shops,  pawn-shops,  old  i-ag  and  rxuscalily 
shops,  iu  some  of  the  worst  courts  and  alleys 
of  London,  and  in  a  direct  line  with  two 
narrow  streets,  which,  as  disgraces,  cannot  be 
surpassed  by  tlie  worst  quarter  of  any  metro- 
polis in  the  world. 

I  leave  London  t4>night  by  the  express 
train,  and  shall  present  myself  before  my 
partners  tomorrow  morning  in  the  ware- 
house, with  uplifted  hamds  and  eyes  ;  but  Fni 
quite  sure  Our  firm  will  spedil}^  avail  itself  of 
some  of  the  designs  ot  those  industrious 
young  ladies. 


DARLING  DOREL. 

DoBOTHEA  SiBYUj^  Duchcss  of  Brieg,  waa 
bom  at  C<5ln,  on  the  River  Spree,  in  Prussia, 
on  the  19th  of  October,  1590,  She  was  the 
daughter  of  Elizabeth  of  Anhalt^  and  of  John 
George,  Margrave  and  Elector  of  Branden- 
burg, of  the  old  princely  Ascanlan  race.  At 
the  death  of  her  husband  in  1598,  the  widowed 
margravine  retired  to  Croasen  to  superintend 
her  daughter's  edu  cati  on.  I  n  d  u  **  ti  n  i  e  s  uitora 
were  not  wanting  for  the  hand  of  yoiuig 
Dorothea  Sibylla :  among  others,  tiie  King 
of  Denmark ;'  but  he  sued  in  vain.  Doro- 
thea at  length  fixed  her  affections  on  John 
Christian,  Duke  of  Li^nitz  and  Brieg,  who 
enjoyed  a  great  reputation  for  viilue,  ability, 
and  integrity.  To  him  after  a  short  court- 
ship, Dorothea  was  married  on  tlie  12th  of 
December,  1610,  at  Crossen ;  and  reached 
Brieg — the  small  capital  of  her  fiiture  domi- 
nions—on the  first  of  January  in  the  following 
year. 

Such  is  the  dry  sum  of  a  charming  C^ourt 
biography,  which  first  appeaiyHl  in  a  perio^lical 
published  in  1829,  in  Silesia,  and  which  has 
ueen  twice  republished  in  a  separate  foi-m — 
once  (in  1838)  at  Brieg,  untler  the  title  of 
''  Piwaages  from  the  Lil'e  of  DorotJiea  Sybylla, 
Duchess  of  Liegnita  and  Brieg.""    It  puiporta 


5h2 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


^ 


the 


♦o  connst  of  extraii?t«  from  iKe  journal  of  & 
certain  tanner  and  farrier  of  Brief:,  named 
Valontinns  (fiertli.  wi  occasionriJ  guest  At 
the  (bicfti  castW,  nnd  ardent  wlmirer  of  the 
duobe^aL  Aa  ft  simple,  and — if  interiuU  evi- 
i|,.fu-.-  '[<,■  \v.rn)i  :ii  vtiilnir — truthful  picture  of 
( :  the  early  part  of 

t ;  I  i    ifi  not  to  be  gain- 

said ;  hiiht-iogli  stiwjjituon^i  of  its  authenticitv 
have  WpTi  enat  upon  it,  aiinilaj  to  tiiose  TS'hicli 
fl  \u>.  clianufl  of  the  "Difin*  of  Lftdy 

V'  ^  by  crtsntuaDy  pro\'ing  it  to  l^ 

a  ijcii'-.ij. 

Dorothea  h  described  aa  a  pattern  of  good- 
ness, common  sense,  virtue,  juad  piety.  In 
domJratio  inAU%'ement,  ahe  was  pre-eminent. 
Fit  liHT  i)\vu  immediate  attcfidance  tho 
]>  I  teen  maids  of  honour ;  and 

f;  I  s  of  the  laud  looked  upon  it  a£  an 

i:  |»rivilege  to  place  their  daughters 

ill  '''  Court  ;   which  was  a  hich  school 

of  all  noble  virtuefl  and  aocomphahmeatau 
"  wheiMjof  the  duchess  herself  was  the  chief 
teacher  and  most  perfect  model,^ 

Nothing  cuulil  be  more  primitive  than  the 
dncheea'a  iuteroourse  with  the  to^'nspcople. 
Octvisionally  ahe  wallced  in  the  streeU  of 
Brieg,  accompanied  by  her  maida  of  honour, 
and  chatted  \>Hth  such  of  the  townspeople  as 
were  sittinc  on  the  benches  outside  Hieir 
doors.  The  little  children  looked  forward  with 
the  greatest  delight  to  theae  town  walks  of  the 
duchesa  ;  for,  the  ladies-Ln-waitbig  invariably 
cai'ried  abont  with  them  in  their  pockets  all 
sorts  of  sweHnieiits,  which  the  ducheaa  dis- 
tributed among  the  little  cl:timanta.  Tor 
this  reafl<  '11,  the  tittle  cliildren  stocid  peeping 
ronnd  \\w  i-omers  of  the  RtrfetA,  when  it  got 
wind  tJtitt  111.'  -biohess  was  about  to  walk  out; 
more  w}»en  it  was  Burmi«ad  that 

the  di  not  be  with  her.     So  soou^ 

therefi'ie,  jv*  i>urothea  Sibylla  left  the  castle 
gate»  the  little  urchins  would  run  through  the 
town  like  wildfire,  cr>in^'  out^  **nje  darling 
Dorel  is  coming !  Tlie  darling  Dorel  is 
(Xitning  !" 

The  manner  in  which  thia  endearing  dc^ic- 
nation  firHt  came  to  her  ears  is  related  wi3i 
affecting  simplicity.  "It  hapjwned/'  says 
Muster  Giert\  with  true  Genp'"'  "-Tticu- 
larity,  *'  on  Uie  10th  of  Septeni  I  \  le) 

in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1  fil3  ; "'  <  the 

Fea«rt  of  St.  Sibylla — one  of  the  dacheae's 
nAme-saints — and  also  the  second  birthday  of 
her  son  George.  There  was  a  great  feWt  at 
the  ca-stle  ;  to  which  the  towns-folks  and  the 
chiblren  of  the  High  and  Guild  Schools  were 
iuvitod. 

*'  From  the  ten-ace  "  quoth  the  chronicler, 
"the  whole  proceaaiou  moved  along  a  wide 
aniooth  wMlk  V»efore  the  oraugen^ ;  whei-e  the 
qufdity  as  well  aa  the  childreu,  were  richly 
ire-ated  with  strong  spiced  wine,  oi'auge  water, 
•nd  e<J|  Her  la^iyahip  did  likewise 

Ij^  cei  \  t Is  Wfore  the  young  lord  her 

son  ;  she  tiid  likewise  examine"  the  children's 
«^iOobbooks  nod  the  master's  report,  wherein 


the  cc»ndact  of  the  ehOdreck 

tV''"*   '-'- ■♦••  ""^--tionii  to   '^' 

I  I,  aud*t.!j 

It  r  answer^ 

shint: 

"Of  i.n,  however,  wWi 

weak  and  ignurmit^  wa»  not  able  to 
the  questions  aright ;  whereupon  ber 
did  ask  . 

**  •  My  child,  what  is  your  nnjue  1* 
unto  she  did  answer^  '  Anna  Polilm  ! 

*' '  Wen,*  aaked  her  ladynhip,  *  mnd 
my  namer 

"  Strai^twAT  the  little  maiiden  did 
'  Darling  Dorel !  * 

'*  Hereupon  Master  Vii  <"Jteilh 

somewhat  aJ&ighted,  but  ,      *dr 

himself  and  stepping  up  to  her 


Most  gracious  lady  I     I  trust 


:  yxmr 

ship  will  pardon  these  wonliv  ^Uiu  Jut 


?t  TOUT  99 

■4 


them  amvaa  ;  inasmtich,  as  H  la  trwi 
women  of  this  town,  u  well  a*  of 
bourin^  villages,  when  they  do  sp#ak  1 
laclvship,  do  commonly  call  jrour  ladji 
DailiT^-  !'■"'' 

"1  ].*  duches*  fold  hjcr 

nuaiii^  lieaven,  did  saj  : 

**  *God  be  pnused  for  such  :%  precioi  t^ 
the  which,  tis  long  as  I  am  in  mj  iinimn, 
would  not  exchange  agiinst  '  ITonx  Id^vte 

*'Tl)e  duke  did  thereopOB  rmHyf  ii 
ladyship,  snying, 

"  *  Away  with  the  title  ' prinoidj  Qsutfl 
I  will  ever  henceforth  call  mte  hj  nont  od 
save  *  Darling  Dorel !  * " 

We  by  no  means  intend  to  follow 
Tanner  through    his  minute 
merely  write  thus  much  aa  m 
to  a   quaint    little    love 
that  the  ducheas  had  tent,   al 
fashion,  a  marriage  present  to  n 
by  two  of  her  nmids  of  hunourj 
A^t&  and  I^Iar}'}  we  shall 
rative  to  our  pages  in  Master 
manner. 

After  the    present    '  ^       f  Uis   _ 
when  the  marriai^e  "nms  comdad 

the  two  maids  of  huji . .. 
return  to  Brieg,  when 
stopped  them,  saving : 

"  *  How  ?    Shall  I  suffer  two  such 


the    bride*! 


joy  to  depart,  without  tasting  of  mj 
my  drink  1   Nay,  noble  damsels^  y^ : 
here  awhile  beyond  the  marrifi^ 
and  be  of  good  cheer  I    I  will  lu  ^, 
despatch  a  trusty  messenger  on  hont 
most    gracious    ladyship,  the    dvu 
obtain  leave  for  your  aoioiini  here,* 
"  The  two  damsels  did  ther^fMrc 
the  space    of   three  days,   an*!    Vi 
quainted  with  two  gallants  of  the  place  ?* 
whom    they  did   exchange    love-tok«na    m 
rings.     But  when  the  two  danxaels  retuiti 
to  Brieg  to  render  an  account  of  their 
the  duchess  did  note  the  ringa  on  the 


DAELING  DOREL. 


583 


the  two  d]isi9«K  and  qtiestioned  them  Iiow 
i€y  cmme  iheroby.     So  soon,  therefore,  as 
dnmaels  did  confess  the  truth^  tnelr 
hiilf  jestinglj,  and  half  in  earnest,  aaid 
them  ; 


How  now,  je  gad-altoutB  !  ye  have  acaree 
^d  the  egg-ahell,  and  have»  as  j'et,  no 
to  make  the  pot  boil,  seeing  that  ye 


r^oor  orjlianB  and  xmder  fi^e ;  and  yo  yet 
daw   to  listen  to  the   nonsenae  of   strange 

SoUiixitii,  nnheknowu  to  your  foster  mother  ! 
'ell  me,  foolish  young  things,  ought  I  not  to 
ftake  the  rod  to  you  ?  Take  off  the  rings  from 
y  *  1-8  and  give  them  to  me.     I  will 

I-  hack ;  seeing  that  the  l>etrothal  is 

iiiun  .1^1...  void,  and  mere  child's  nlay  V 

The  yoimg  damsels  did   then   obey  her 

jhlii'l-nt    wept  apace  the  while.     This 

-^hip  to  have  corapaaaion  U]k»n 

did  minister  comfort  to  them 

Ah  !  beloved  daughters !  ye  shed  bitter, 
tears  that  ye  do  not  already  wear  the  ciu-ch 
German  head-dress  of  married  womtn]. 
ut  If  ye  did  bnt  know  the  hea^-ineea  of 
l>eing  wedded  wives,  even  when  the  cares 
lire  Eghte«t,  ye  would  rejoice  !  Meanwhile, 
the  matter  hath  been  carried  on  n^^amst  alJ 
Christian  order.  I  have  alwavs  hturd  that 
the  lover  liiat  maketh  hifl  Buit  Vnown  to  the 
parents  or  tb<^  giiardianji,  and  that  then  the 
Vftrothal  taketh  place,  Your  suitors  mu«t 
eeda  be  in  great  haatc.  Why  stand  they 
such  great    neceseity  of  pushing    their 

itr 

*' Hereupon  the  damsel  Agnea  plucked  up 

hearty  and  said  quickly, 

' '  Most  gracious  lady  J  the  gentlemen  did 
come  with  us  ;  and  have  already  the  consent  of 
their  own  parenta  to  make  their  suit  if  they 

but  ene< juniged  by  a  aign  of  approval" 

' '  Ah  !  Heaven  have  mercy  !  cried  the 
duchess,  joining  her  handa.     '  Have  ye,  acape- 

r'acea  indeed,  Drought  your  gallanta  hither  T 
dare  not  inquire  mrther.  May  be  ye  have 
hidden  them  in  your  chambers }  Meggy, 
(the  dacheaa's  nurae,)  beg  his  lordship  to  come 
hither  ;  I  must  talk  the  matter  over  with 
him,' 

"  Afler  the  duke   had   oome  and   heard 
iV  +    »« |.;,-h    had    befallen,  he   straightwaya 
namea  of  the  gallants  ;  and  when 

1 1     i?<  had  informed  Itis  gract^  thereof,  hia 

rtbhip  did  turn  tmto  his  consort,  saying : 
" '  Liaten,  Darling  Dorel ;  the  pftrenta,  on 
both  sides,  are  most  worthy  persons,  and 
of  unblemished  birth.  I  advbe  that  thou 
shoalilst  give  thy  consent  thereunto  !  Ho- 
mtunber,  deai'est,  that  we  twain  were  of  one 
i  l^efore  I  made  knowa  my  suit  unto 


»i    irupon  her  ladyship  did  strike  her 
upon  the  mouth  with  her  kerchief  and 


11^ 

H  **  •  Well !— well !— but  we  must  fiprt  hiok  at 
^r these  youths,  and  leom  what  they  are  like. 
'     Tell  us  now,  young  damaeU,  where  are  your 


lovers  hidden,  and  what  is  the  signal  ye  havo 
agreed  upon  ? " 

*•  Agnea  did  immediately  tell  h-  ■  i  '  -Ip 
that  the  gallants  were  housed  at  n 

Pitcher;  axtd,  whereas  the  Lion-  u 

the  palace,  could  thence  be  phiinlv  {. 

ihey  had  agreed  to  tie  a  white  ker<.  1 1 

the  neck  ol  one  of  the  lions  aa  a  ai^nal  that 
there  wna  hojje  for  them  !  The  gall&iil**  had 
agreed  to  abide  at  the  hostel  the  space  of 
eight  days.  Shoidd  the  matter,  however,  turn 
out  m,  the  kerchief  displayed  was  to  be 
bkck. 

•"Well  done,'  said  the  ducheaa  to  her 
husband  ;  '  they  wish  to  take  two  fbrtresaea  at 
once  ;  and  would  have  the  white  flag  ware, 
without  firing  a  shot,  and  without  attempting 
a  storm/ 

*"  Hereupon  the  Duke  Christian  did  take 
the  hand  of  his  beloved  wife^  and  spoke,  some' 
what  in  an  under  tone  : 

"  *  Darling  wife  ! — ^wan  not  the  men  branch 
ao  oft<?n  stuck  in  your  window  at  Orossen ;  also 
a  white  flag  ?  Moreover^  thou  knowest  Uttle 
of  a  siege  ;  preparations  for  storming  a  citadel 
are  not  made  during  the  daylight  ,  but 
secretly^  in  the  night  season,  in  ord^^r  that 
the  ganison  perceive  them  not.  Shots  may 
alrejfi?  have  beetj  fired.  Tell  me,  voung 
girls,  have  ye  alr.idy  kissed  the  ^hwitsl 
Mary,  do  you  spe:^  ;  ye  have  not  yet  opened 
your  mouth  :  oiake  a  dean  breast/ 

"  *  Ah  \  most  gracious  liege/  answered 
Mary, '  the  gentlemen  have,  iuaoedf  squeexod 
our  hands  in  secret,  while  we  sat  at  tAble ; 
and  during  the  marriage  dance.,  and  at  sundry 
other  dances,  we  kissed  each  other — «i?eing 
that  others  did  the  like.  But  wc  conUl  not 
l>e  alone  with  them  at  any  other  time ;  for 
the  bride*s  mother  was  always  about  u^^,  and 
we  lay  in  her  room.  Neither,  on  the  way 
home,  had  we  much  liliertv  ;  seeing  that  the 
old  secretary,  whom  her  lady^thip  did  send 
with  US,  did  observe  us  moat  narrowly.  But, 
when  the  old  man  did  look  out  of  the  window 
of  the  carnage,  then  did  the  gidlants  look 
tenderly  upon  us,  and  did  kiss  their  hands 

to  UJ*.' 

•* '  There  now,'  a«dd  Ida  lordship,  turning  to 
liis  wife, '  you  see  that  the  siege  wjvj  eoi  id  acted 
with  vigour.  The  squeezing  of  h  •  i-  wr^q 
the  par&y  ;  the  kiases  the  cannoi  t 

so  freely;  and  the  tendei-  looks  -. 

Depend  upon  it  the  storm  cannot  J.-ng  bo 
delayed.  Listen^  darling  wife,  my  heart  melts 
when  I  bethink  me  tliat  we  also,  ui  our  youth, 
could  not  brook  a  long  deh^.^ 

•*  *  Let  the  drums  beat  the  diantr^  | 

and  let  us  show  our  colours  I '  saitl  t 
while  she   threw  her  arms  round    tier  ini^- 
Itoud's  neck,  and  stopped  his  mouth  with  a 
kis.    The  duke  did  then  nak  her,  jestingly, 
*  But  which  flag  shall  it  be  ?" 

"Hereupon  the  two  young  damsels  did  cry 
alouti  aa  with  one  voice  : 

"*The  while  I — most  gi-acious  li^el— tie 
white !  * 


584 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


i^ 


"The  duchess  could  uot  choose  but  laugh 
heartily,  iii»«l  hU  lorJaliip  did  immediately 
order  a  servant  to  mount  the  tower,  and  to 
tie  a  white  kerchief  rouud  one  of  the  lion's 
neckH.  His  lordship  did  then  aing  an  old  aong 
the  children  are  wont  to  siug  on  May-day : 

"  '  A  stately  home  my  lord  doth  keep  ; 
Twu  maideufs  from  the  windows  peep ; 
A  kerchief  wbitu  Llio  one  dotii  w»t» 
Be<^uso  they  fain  would  husbandi  have/ — 

and  did  then  depart  to  put  on  better  apparel, 
wherein  to  await  the  coming  of  the  wooen. 
He  ilid  jUso  command  that  all  the  court  ladies 
and  the  courtiers  should  be  present  at  the 
wooing.  MeanM'liLle,  '  Darling  Borel '  did 
ask  the  danisela  whei^  they  haid  gotten  the 
rings  whiuh  they  liad  preaeuted  to  their 
gnmuU  in  return  for  theirs  1  TTat-reupon 
Agnes  did  reply  unto  her  ladyship  : 

***Mo«t  gracious  lady!  we  are  but  poor 
orphans,  and  powesa  nought  save  poor  little 
gold  rings  belonging  to  our  departea  mothera, 
and  these  we  could  not  bear  to  pjut  with.  We 
have  therefore  promised  to  buy  rings  with 
our  saving  and  deliver  them  to  our  gaUanta 
on  some  htting  opportunity/ 

"  *  In  this  case,  said  her  ladyship^  •  ye  are 
but  half  betrothed,  and  there  is  yet  tmie  to 
Uiink  twice  of  the  matter .  *  nevoithelesa,  her 
ladyship  did  praise  the  yt^ing  damsels,  inas- 
much aa  they  did  not  part  lightly  and  rashly 
with  their  mothera'  trinkets.  She  advised 
them,  moreover,  to  tarry  ;  as  they  or  their 
gallants,  might  change  then*  minds. 

"  This  speech  did  much  alaitn  the  damsela, 
who  did  then  believe  the  whole  matter  to  be 
postponed ;  «miL  they  did  forthwith  begin  to 
weep,  and  Ui  beseech  her  ladyship,  not  for  this 
account,  to  cause  their  lovers  to  alter  their 
mind,  seeing  that  they,  the  damsels^  were 
poor  aud  were  not  likely  soon  to  get  other 
suitors. 

*'  The  duchess  did  then  say  unto  them  ; — 
'  The  misfortune  would  not  be  bo  great !  I 
would  find  liusbands  for  you  soon  enough/ 
Hereuijon,  she  turned  to  old  Meggy  and 
said, 

"  '  Ah  I  moat  worthy  niirsej  what  a  life  does 
a  wretched  priiiceeij  lead  !  Had  I  but  marrietl 
an  honest  burgher,  then  should  1  have  hud 
nothing  but  my  household  duties  and  my 
children  to  attend  to  ;  I  could  iiave  gone 
qnietly  to  bed,  slept  without  cai'e,  and  waked 
with  pleasure  ;  but  in  my  position  every- 
thing ifl  otherwise.  Alack,  when  my  other 
dftiosek  come  hither,  and  learn  that  these 
silly  girls  are  already  betrothed,  they  will  all 
i-uu  mad,  mul  I  shall  have  to  send  them  to  all 
the  marriage  feasts  thixiughout  the  duchy  to 
pick  up  husbands,* 

"  Hereupon,  she  sent  tlie  mii'se  Meggy  for 
her  jewel  box,  ojicned  it,  mid  gave  to  each  of 
the  two  damsels  a  handsome  ring,  the  which 
they  might  present  to  their  lovers,  and  thus 
I'etuni  their  plecige  ;  but  under  this  condition, 
that  they  were  not  to  deliver  their  rings  until 


>tfl| 


the  duchess  gave  them  a  sign  thereunto  wHk 
her  kerchieC 

**  Wliile  all  this  was  gmue 
his  part  had  entered  the  dur 
accompanied    by    the    chaiuiM^  < 

fentlemen   of  his  court,  and    » 
onour.    The  lovers,  meanwl\il<  [!'• 

look  out,  and  were  not  aware   ' 
had  gone  to  such  a  length  t»qcL; 
affisirs.     They  had  joyiiiily  obeyed  th«  wkit« 
signal,  and   stood  near   unto    th<»    t^*.m   ^* 
the  castle  waiting  for  some  or 
seeing  their  betroth©*!.     The  di 
this,  and  hereupon  opened  tin- 
called  unto  the  soldiers  ou  cuar-  : 

those  two  fellows  and  conduct    liirm  \'t 
guard'house,  imtil  further  orders  ! ' 

"Hereupon  the  damselH,  A,rru-'.nd  Manr, 
were  exceedingly  afraid.    'J  i  how€r%*cf^ 

did  comfort  them  with  the  fi  •  ^  .vordji  : 

"  ^  This  is  on  your  account ;  hasten  and  pnl 
on  proper  attire ;  ye  still  have  got  on  yuial 
old  clothes,  and  must  adorn  yourselves.* 

"  The  damsels  ran  gleefully  and  quickly  I 

their  rooms ;  whither  the  clucheas  sent  mfUii 
them  two  other  damsels  to  aid  them  in  pbi 
ing  their  hair.    They  soon  return  <   '  * 

of  the  damsels  about  to  be  betr" 
on  the  bridal  wreath  belonging  t..-  *.v  i  im 
**  The  tiidte  now  ordered  the  lovei*s  t^  b«s 
moned  from  the  guard-liouse.       They 
sore  abashed  when  they  entered  the*  room 
especially  when    his    gracious    loixlaliip  ad- 
dressed the  following  questions  to  them  : 

•*  *  What  are  your  names  ?    Have  you 
ports  ?  and  what  is  your  will ! ' 

'*  The  youn^  men  twirled  their  caps  in  llnei 
hands ;  stared  first  at  their  loves,  and  then  ; 
their  gracious  lieges;  but  could  not  utter 
word,  and  stood  looking  very  sheepish. 

***Ah!*  said  his  lordship,  'never  in  nij 
life  did  I  meet  with  two  such  dumb  fellow 
My  dominions  will  soon  touch  those  ol 
Oppeln,  and  you  serve  excellent  well  a»  land 
marks ! — can  neither  of  ye  say  'yea  or  nay  I 
Answer  me  straight ! — Have  ye  got  the  con- 
sent of  your  parents  to  propose  for  those  twa 
chits  ;  and  are  ye  ready  to  atlirm  the  same  oi^ 
your  word  of  honour,  aa  gentlemen  ?  ^ 

"Then  did  the  young  men  recover  their 
speech,  and  they  both  answered^ '  Yea.* 

"  '  Well,'  said  the  duke, '  I  will  now  believe 
ye^p  and  keep  you  at  ray  court  some  few  days  ; 
but  as  ye  may  be  rogues  and  vagabonds  ftiv 
all  that  I  know,  I  will  therefore  send  a  mes- 
senger on  hoi-seback  to  your  parents  U)  get 
furuier  intelligence,  and  ye  must  have  paiieuue 
the  while.' 

"  Hereupon  the  damsel,  Mary,  turned  to  tlto 
duchess,  and  said  to  her  with  great  simplicity, 

**  *  Most  gnu.*iou8  lady,  the  gentlemen  ha**c 
spoken   truth!      Their    pfii'ents    '  '&« 

them  permission  to  woo  us,     V  n- 

cealed  nothing  from  them,  but  nt 

the  presence  of  the  old  la«lv  ^^'  lat 

we  were    poor   orphan    gii'L^  ar  nc 

dower.    Uut  the  mothers  of  our  two  iovori^ 


Ck«rlM  DtekfH.] 


THE  COCOA-NUT  PALM. 


said  that  all  was  well ;  if  only  we  bronght 
a  blesaing  from  Dailing  Dorel,  ihey  Bbould 
value  it  more  tbaii  ail  earldom  !  TUia  Agues 
and  I  can  affirm  <>n  oath.* 

**  On  heai-iiig  this,  the  ducbesp  fulded  her 
Kanda  in  prayer,  looked  towards  heaven  with 
tears  in  her  eyes,  and  still  praying,  and  gave 
the  signal  with  her  kerchief.  Immediately 
the  dnmBels  placed  the  linrs  on  the  finger*  of 
their  lovem,  knelt  down  before  the  duchen. 
Rjid  Vx'sought  her  bleaainff.  The  dnehew  laid 
her  h.'indM  u{X)a  the  heads  of  the  young  girla 
afid  said, 

'**Gwl  alonej  who  is  in  heaven,  knows 
whether  thia  will  prove  a  blessing  or  a  curse  ; 
but,  if  God  hear  the  prayer  of  a  weak  woman, 
it  will  prove  a  blessuig  !  fiethink  ye  of  your 
deeeaaed  parents ;  and  may  their  blessing 
evermore  accompaoy  ye  J  And  therefore,  let 
na  mobt  fervently  utter  the  Lord^a  Prayer.* 

"  Hereupon  all  present  fell  upon  their  kneea, 
and  pniyed  in  a  low  voice  ;  but  her  most  gra- 
cious ladyship  did  say  the  Lord's  Prayer  aloud. 

"  After  the  prayer  waa  finiahed^  the  ducheas 
made  a  ai^i  to  the  chief  lady  about  the  court, 
who  did  thereupon  bring,  on  a  silver  salver, 
two  half  wreaths,  which  were  twined  in  the 
hair  of  the  two  damsels,  Agues  aiui  Mary, 
after  they  had  taken  off  their  own  wreaths  j 
for  it  waa  the  custom,  in  Bricg,  for  betrothed 
maidens  to  wear  only  half  wr^Aha  until  their 
wedding-day,  when  they  wore  whole  ones. 
Tlie  chamberlain  did  hereupon  display  from 
the  window  a  red  flag  ;  upon  which  signal  the 
ducal  band  did  strike  up  a  merry  tune  with 
tiiirapeta  and  kettle-drums  from  the  caatle 
tower;  whereupon  a  crowd  gathered  in  the 
town  to  know  the  cause  of  such  rejoidng  at 
the  palace. 

**8o  soon,  therefore,  as  the  betrothed 
counlea  had  duly  thanked  liis  grace  and  the 
daeness  by  kissing  the  hems  of  their  garments, 
her  gracious  ladyship  did  aimounce  to  the 
betrothed  damsela,  tliat  they  should  t^rry 
with  her  for  the  space  of  one  year,  in  order 
more  fully  to  learn  their  household  duties, 
and  to  strengthen  them  in  the  practice  of 
the  Christian  virtues ;  seeing  that  they  were 
still,  us  the  duchess  said,  as  i^orant  ba  callow 
geese  f  Moreover,  their  clothes  and  furniture 
had  to  l>e  provided,  and  the  like.  But  to 
the  gentlemen,  she  said ; 

*'  •  Mind,  gentlemen,  ye  must  also  make  the 
best  of  it !  Ye  are  scarce  out  of  lead  in g- 
itrincs,  and  must  go  tlirough  some  sort  of 
orde^.  I  woidd  advise  you  to  tmvel,  if  so  be 
your  parents  cjm  afford  it.' 

"  *  By  all  means/  added  the  duke  ;  *  my 
Darling  iJorel  is  perfectly  right :  you  must 
travel ;  aud»  if  ye  know  not  whither,  go  tx> 
Jericho,  and  get  ye  some  beards  to  your 
faces.' 

**  As  it  w.'is  yet  early  in  the  day,  his  gra- 
cious lortLihip  dill  order  diimer  to  he  prepared ; 
to  which,  bes^ides  the  Town  Council,  and  their 
wives  and  children.  Master  Valentinus Gierth 
aiid  Ids  wifts  Susanna,  were  invited. 


"His     mcions    lordahip    was    exoeedii^ 

merry,  and  the  duchess  was  most  kind  in 
her  manner;  nevertheless,  the  guests  did  not 
fail  to  mark  that  her  gnicious  ladyship  did 
oftentimes  look  towanls  the  new  hi-ides,  and 
that  big  tears  did  sometimes  t\A\  dowu  her 
cheek  the  while/* 


THE  COCOA-NTTT  PALM. 

To  a  town-bred  Englishman,  the  sight  of 
the  coctts  nitciftra  growmg  in  its  native  luxu- 
riance, would  suggest  little  more  than  untidy 
orange  shops,  in  which  the  nut  b  dealt  out  to 
retailers  ;  apple-stalls  upon  which  the  kernel 
is  displayed,  to  tempt  amateurs,  at  a  penny  n 
slice ;  coir-matting  woven  from  the  fibre  of 
the  shell,  and  patent  candles  made  from  the 
oil  expr^sed  from  the  nut.  He  might  also, 
iw>sflibl^,  suppose  that  to  be  the  same  trc« 
he  is  mdebted  to  for  an  excellent  break&at 
beverage :  but  in  that  he  would  be  mistaken  j 
for  the  cocoa,  of  which  chocolate  is  maiiu- 
factnred,  is  the  seed  of  the  Th^dtroma  camo. 

To  a  native  of  Ceylon,  the  cocoa-nut  [mlm 
calls  up  a  far  wider  range  of  ideas  ;  it  asso- 
ciates itself  with  ueju'ly  every  waut  and  con- 
venience of  hia  life.  It  might  temjjt  him  to 
assert  that  if  he  were  placed  upon  the  eaj-th 
with  nothing  else  whatever  to  minister  to  his 
necessities  than  the  cocoa-nut  tree,  he  could 
pass  his  existence  in  happiness  and  content. 

When  the  Cingalese  villager  has  felled  on© 
of  these  trees  after  it  has  ceAse<l  bearing  (say 
in  its  seventieth  yearj  with  its  trunk  he  builds 
his  hut,  and  his  bullock-stall,  which  he 
thatches  with  its  leaves.  His  bolt*  aud  Imrs 
are  slips  of  the  bark  ;  by  which  he  also  sus- 
pends the  small  shelf  which  holds  his  stock  ot 
home-made  utensils  and  vesselsL  He  fences 
his  little  plot  of  chillies,  tobacco,  and  fine 
grain,  with  the  leaf-stalks.  The  infant  is 
swung  to  sleep  in  a  rude  net  of  coir-string 
made  from  the  husk  of  the  fruit ;  its  meal  of 
rice  and  scraped  cocoa-nut  is  l>oilefl  over  a 
fire  of  cocoa-nut  sheila  and  husks,  ajid  is 
eaten  oif  a  dish  formed  of  the  plaited  green 
leaves  of  the  tree,  with  a  spoon  cut  out  of 
the  nut-shell.  Wlien  he  goes  a-tishing  by 
torch-light  his  net  is  of  cocoa-nut  fibre  ;  the 
torcli,  or  cku/e,  is  a  bimdle  of  dried  cccoa-nut 
leaves  and  flowei^talks  :  the  little  canoe  is  a 
trunk  of  the  cocoa  palm-tree,  hollowed  by  hia 
own  hands.  He  rauriee  home  his  net  and  his 
string  of  tish  on  a  yoke,  or  pt?j^o,  formed  of  a 
cocoa-nut  stalk.  When  he  is  thirsty,  he 
drinks  of  the  fr^h  juice  of  the  young  nut ; 
when  he  is  hungry,  he  eats  its  soil  kernel. 
If  he  has  a  mind  to  be  merry,  he  sips  a  ^lass 
of  arrack,  distilled  from  the  fermented  juioe 
of  the  palm,  and  dances  to  the  music  of  i*ude 
cocoa-nut  cjistanets ;  if  he  be  weary,  he  quaffs 
"to<Jdy,"  or  the  unfermented  juice,  and  he 
flavoura  hi«  curry  with  vinegar  maile  from  tlus 
toddy.  ShoiUd  he  be  sick,  his  body  will  be 
niblied  with  cocoa-nut  oil  ;  he  sweetens  his 
coSe«  with  Ja^i^tr^,  or  cocoa-nut  sugar,  and 


686 


HOUSEHOLD  WOEBa 


tO«4jKt«<.%f 


Kl    >'" 


gullw  ...... 

WiMwi  of  the  ; 
btisliia,  Ilia  tun  _ 

cliiUr**  luonoy-ljox,  luv  aU  coiistructeLl  ii-um 
the  shell  of  the  iiut.  Over  lii»  oouch  wlieu 
boru,  and  over  liia  grave  when  burie^l,  a 
Vmnch  of  <*oortariiut  blosaoma  is  hung^  to  charm 
'      '.'As. 

ii   naBiduously    cultivated   in 

;  or  tjardens  ;  juid  it  w;uh  long 

L*  rude  native  «y«teiii  o f  culture 

i»n<   experience  has  ahowu  the 

n.     Hence,  the  Cingalese 

•    manual  labour,  but  the 

Enfftishman  pnjvuitsi  skill  and  hiiplements. 

There  is  n  troAd  road  to  uithin  a  couple  of 
milee  of  1 1 '  »u  I  am  about  to  describe  ; 

no  thftt  tl  Koa  little  difficulty  in  pcr- 

f  of   the   journey.      The 

^^  liee  through  a  aandy 
lij.  1,  .1  wi>  ill.  jtiid  rather  umntereeting 
country.  Here  and  there,  amidst  a  maze  of 
paddy  fields,  firecii-nut  toi)e^,  and  patches  of 
low  thorny  juncle,  ai-e  dotted  little  white- 
walled  huts.  They  ai*e  much  cleaner  than 
any  such  near  the  towm*  of  Ceylon  ;  attached 
to  each  is  a  Hinall  slip  of  ground,  rudely 
fenced,  and  Iialf-eiilti%Tited,  with  a  few  sweet 
potatoes,  some  chillies,  and  a  little  tobacco 
and  line  grain.  It  was  midday  when  I  started, 
on  foot,  to  this  estate.  Tlie  sun  was  blazim» 
abot-e  in  i  ^  ^  l  glory.  Under  the  f^  ' 
of  a  brea'  1  t  he  owner  of  the  fir- 

I  got  to,  \.  I  '  MTni  chewing  bet^l  hv.l, 

evSiently  t,i-lii:i,  n:  ;-:-:!'!'i;if^j'l  iou^  the  bliss  of 
Bttddha*B  j.';iriili-i'.  Tbt  \m!o  was  pounding  up 
ftcanething  for  curry  ;  the  children  were  by 
hep  aide — ^the  boys  smaoking  tiny  cheroots,  the 
girls  twisting  mats.  It  wa*  fortunate  for  nie 
that  the  sandy  path  was  overshadowed  by 
jungle-trees,  or  my  progress  would  have  been  j 
impossible.  Not  a  breath  of  air  was  stirring 
amidst  that  dense  mass  of  vegetation  ;  not  a 
twig  or  a  leaf  could  be  persuaded  to  more  ; 
the  long  pa4^ldy  Cvoung  nee)  stalks  glittered 
and  sparkled  iu  their  watery  restmg-placca,  as 
though  they  were  made  of  the  purest  bur- 
nished silver.  The  buffidoes  had  taken  to 
their  noon-H.lay  wAtering-])lacea.  The  birds 
were  evidently  done  up,  and  wore  nowhei'e  to 
be  seen  j  the  beetles  crawled  feebly  over  the 
cooler  shrubs,  but  they  could  not  get  up  a 
single  hum  or  a  buzz  ainonaat  them  idl ;  even 
'^      '  '    "'     ants  perspu-ed,  and  drooped 

'  loads.     Well,  the  dry  ilitch 

i^"  '  :  -■ ...-  -^^uMi  that  form  the  Ivjundary  and 
pnHection  of  the  estate  were  at  last  reached, 
and  the  little  gate  and  wiitchdiut  were 
raased.  Tlie  watcher,  or  macoryn,  waa  a 
Malsy,  ttionst-'ichioMd  and  fierce ;  for  the 
iifttivfs  of  the  countr}'  can  rarely  be  depended 
on  as  protectors  of  projierty  against  their 
feUow-vilUigers.     A   narrow 'belt  of  jungle, 


i 


'     ^^tlbs  hod  V         '   ^ 
1.  lo  assiht 
.....  ......uals,  whit? 

I  nictive   to  a  yomii: 
*  of  ariut'd   walrh-  ■ 
-siug  thro' 
entirely  i 

leaves  of  thri'.-    ;.i.;i.ii  ..>; 

pidms,  each  acre  c  ui  .ri  j  j 

eighty  trees.     It  w:i-.  'A:'ir<-.i.  a  - 

intereatiite  sight    Tw< 

were  yielding  ample  ci  ax 

their  ninth  year;   in  t^v 

will,  generally,  be  in  fhU  bea  > 

rudely  planted  native  ^ardeii,  

been  most  cai'efully  Laid  dowu  ;    th' 
plants  had  all  been  placed   ant    at        ^ 
mtei'vals  and  in  perfectly  stiTuglit   lioea,  90 
that,    looking     over    the    est  .iT-f?     i^     crlth^r 
direction,  the  long  avenues  }' 
broken  figtire,at  onoe  pleAsii> 
oa«y  of  accees.     Bnt,  if  tlie«»: 
maaaes  of  palma  appeared  a  k^ 
when  regarded  at  some  little  d: 
much  waa  their  Ijeauty  helghteue>  i 

inspection!   Walkir./ f  l'i^-«    nnder *_  ^^^ 

of  their  lon^  and  ■  leAvea.  I 

see    how  thickly   1    ^  stihUfttl 

golden-green  fruit,  m  every 
The  sight  was  aWilutely  In 
such  trees,  so  laden,  painted 
production  would,  in  all  pi  > 
nouAced  uimataraL  The,v 
like  ■ome  fairy   creations,   l 

1  pcial  amusement ;  reseml 
-^tious  trees  which,   in  in 
....ivted    to    read    about    iti 
Kights,"  growing  in  sii     i m. 
and  yielding   precious   «!' h-j.       ■  iii|,|. 

iu  gnipe-like   clostera  around   d  ^ 

the  tree;    the  large  golden  ripe  1  ,<a-^ 

smaller  and  greener  miit  just  abuve  theui^ 
folio we«l  by  scores  of  othew  iu  ^^l!  s'ntjtr?, 
fjom  the  bloesom>seed  to  the  ]. 
it  was  impossible  to  catch  a 
the  stem,  so  thickly  did  the  fiaiii  tuw  un 
all  sides.  I  made  an  attempt  tn  (^ckUlKt 
them  : — "thirl.y — fifty — eighty — one  hun- 
dred " — I  could  go  no  f\irt3iei';  thoae>  little 
fellows  near  the  t*>\i.  ivt^i'tiini'  un  IIlip-  s,|j 
many  tiny  dolls' ht  J 

numerations;  but.  1  i 

have  been  quite  two  hujidieti  uub, 
palm.  Above  the  clustei-s  of  rich 
two  feather-like  flowers,  white  lis  ^ucw,  ;ui.i 
itmooth  and  glossy  as  polished  mmble  ;  they 
had  jiLst  burst  from  their  aheatlis ;  atid  a 
more  debcate,  lovely  juctiire  could  ac&rceljr 
be  imagined. 

A    cocoa-nut    tree  in   a  native   CtugalcM 
ifo/if,  will  sometimes  peld  fifty  nuts  in  twel 
months  ;    but   the  average   uf  them  seld 
give  more  thau  twenty  tive  ii,  fhe  yi.vir     It  li 
therefore,  very  evi 
ma^  be  employed 
ration,  as  well  as  on  any  other. 


law- 

f.^r   my 

iv  ihism 

I   iJe- 

V '-  bian 

...U-.  i  v'oa, 

'   'IU, 


I  waa  at  first  ratbiU"  staitleU  at  perceiving 

^  Ull,  Judf-naked  CiugOLleae  away  in  the  di»o 

tance,  with  a  gun  at  least  half  aa  long  a^Aia 

aa  hituseli^  long  black  hair  over  hia  shouluei's, 

and   bujichcs  of  something  hanging   at   his 

intdlc.   He  was  watching  some  game  amongst 

tlie  tree&;  at  last  he  tLred,  raa,  uLcked   up 

lOiiMthiiigf  and  stuck  it  in  his  glrJle.    Wiuxt 

could  it  bet    Parrot,  >r  jungle-fowl  l 

It  was  Old  J  a  poor  .  rel;  and  there 

were  at  least  two  acuu  .^  , .   vac^so  prettj  crea- 

turee  lianging  at    the  waiat  of  the   mighty 

hunter  !  Fortunately  I  oould  speak  the  uatix'e 

language,  and  waa  not  lon^  in  leiiiuiu^  the 

cauae  of  thia  slaughter.     It  appeared  that  in 

addition   to    their  prettj^  bushy   taib,   gliasy 

coata,  and  playful  gambob,  tlie  sauiiTels  hare 

ry  aharp  and  active  teeth,  and  an  uucom- 

relifih  fca*  the  sweet  tender  buds  of  the 

nut  flower^  which  they  nip  o^and  destroy 

loorea,  and  of  ooorae  leaaen  by  bo  much 

e  futui'e  crop   of  fruit.      Handsful  of  the 

uds,  by  half -eaten  around  each  tree,  and  I 

0  longer  felt  astouiahed  at  thia  speciea  of 

sporting* 

The  ipt)und  had  evidently  been  well 
cleared  from  jungle  phmta,  not  one  of  which 
waa  to  be  seen  in  all  thi^  tract :  a  ^out  and 
Kealthy-Iooking  S^^  "^^  apringpg  up  along 
the  avenues;  wnilst,  at  certain  intervala, 
patchfe  of  Indian  com,  sweet  potatoes,  suinea- 
grasa^  and  other  products — mtended  lor  €at> 
^m  Ue-fodder  during  dry  weather  when  the  wild 
l^k  graaaes  Cul — gave  tinta  of  varied  luxurianoe 
^■to  the  scene. 

^B  I'ho  ground  at  this  pari  of  the  estate  sloped 
^b  little,  and  I  came  to  an  open  apaoei,  some- 
^■irhat  uiarahy  in  appearance.  A  uuml>er  of 
^Rcattle,  young  and  olo,  were  browsing  al)out  on 

B^ 

re 


long  gras^  or  sipping  a  draught  jirom  the 
whicfi   ran  through  the    low 


i'dear 

ground.  They  were  confined  within  a  rude 
but  stout  fence,  and  on  one  aiile  Wiis  a  range 
^eds  for  their  shelter.  The  cattle 
in  good  condition  ;  they  were  pur- 
when  very  young,  from  the  drovers 
bring  them  in  hundreds  from,  the 
biar  Coast ;  and  many  were  then  fit  for 
the  carriage,  or  the  knife.  At  the 
a  manure  shed,  and  outside  stood  a 
r  s  hut,  with  ;l  store  attached,  in  which 
piled  up  ih'ied  guinea-graaiL  maize,  6tc. 
le  manure-pit  was  deep  and  laree^  and  in 
'  the  true  secret  of  the  magical  produo- 
£88  of  the  trees  I  had  just  seen.  Good 
(Janted  in  light  free  soil,  well  cleared 
id  drained,  will  produce  a  fine  healthy  tree 
in  a  few  years ;  and,  if  to  this  be  added  occa- 
suppUes  of  manure  and  a  few  waterings 
^  toe  dry  aeaaon,  an  abundant  yield  of 
will  Uiost  assuredly  reward  the  toil  and 
ly  of  the  cocoa-nut  cultivat'Or. 
Leaving  this  spot,  I  stroUed  through  the  next 
dd,  to  see  what,  a  numbei*  of  Uttli?  bo^-s  were 
.ao  busy  about.  There  were  a  dozeu  black 
urchins,  running  about  from  tree  to  ti^ee ; 
sometimes  they  stopped,  clamb«red  up,  and 


appeared  to  have  very  panicular  business  to 
transact  at  the  steins  of  the  loaves ;  but 
ofleuer  they  {viased  on  contented  with  a  mere 
glance  opwartls  at  the  fruit.  Thev  had  a 
ahiu*p-pomtc<i  inatrumunt  in  the  hand  :  whilst 
aL  the  wrist  of  ra^li  was  hung  a  cocoa-nut 
wh;it    one  of   Uiese 


fur,  half  hid  as  the 

i  the  giyantic  leaves. 

motions,  I  ijl»aerved 


shell.      I  pau- 
chlldreu  w*fcs 
little  fellow  v 
Intently  scru; 
that   he  forct^l    ...     ..:; 
hito  the  very  body  of  ti  t 

to  the  inmost  core  of  th    _  la 

strength    was    employed;    J.  d 

struggled  amongst  the  huge  i*  U 

he  were  engaged  in  deadly  strife  with  ^me 
terrible  boa  or  chulah.  At  last  he  secured 
his  antagonist,  and  descended  with  something 
alive,  small  antl  blacky  and  impaled  ou  the 
baibed  point  of  his  little  weapon.  A  few 
questions  elicited  the  whole  secret  ITie 
cocoa-imt  tree,  it  seems,  has  many  enemies  be- 
sides squirrels  :  the  elephant^  the  wild  hog, 
the  rat,  the  white  ant,  the  porcnpinc,  t^ 
monkey,  and  a  Urge  white  worm,  either 
attack  it  when  young,  or  rob  it  of  its  fruit 
when  mature.  But  the  most  numerous  and 
^i-seveiing  enemy  which  it  has  to  encounter 
trom  the  age  of  three  years  until  long  after 
it  produces  fruit,  is  the  cooroominyii,  r»r  rcH-r^r 
nut  beetle  ;  a  black  hard-coated  crc  li 

beautiful  wings,  and  a  most  pov  le 

tusk,  which  it  employs  with  fiiUu  .L«_uvii,y 
to  opeu  a  way  into  the  trunks  ot  the  piduLs, 
Its  laboui's  commence  In  the  evening,  and  by 
e;urly  morning  it  wUl  be  buried  hall  a-dozen 
inches  deep,  m  the  veiy  centi'e  of  tho  tree ; 
where,  if  not  detected  and  remuv  U 

on  the  soft  pithy  fibres,  deposits  ii  _  id 
does  not  depart  m  leas  than  two  oi'  ihie«diiys. 
These  holes  are  always  made  in  the  softest 
and  sweetest  part  of  the  tree,  near  the  crown  ; 
and,  in  yoimg  plants,  tliey  prove  seriously 
hurtful ;  checking  the  growth,  and  im[miring 
the  health  of  the  future  tree.  In  a  moming^s 
walk  an  active  lad  will  frequently  secure  as 
many  as  a  score  of  these  eooroominjfoi  ;  which 
after  being  killed,  are  strung  up  on  lilliputian 
gibbets  aliout  the  estate^  as  a  wandng  to  their 
uve  friends. 

Farther  on  I  perceived,  gathered  in  aujdous 
consultation,  three  of  the  lads  around  a 
tree  that  was  loaded  with  fruit ;  they  looked 
up  at  the  leaves  \  then  at  the  root ;  then  at 
the  trunk.  At  last,  one  UtUe  feUow  started 
off,  swift-foott'd  as  a  hare,  and  waa  soon  out  of 
sight.  The  others  began  scraping  the  earth 
t^an  the  root  as  faat  as  possible ;  mid  all  the 
information  they  would  impart  wnj*  **h>iJtii 
^oAti,"  or  sick  tree  ;  so  that  tnere  .  lt 

far  it  but  to  imagine  that  the  iitt]'  ,  i* 

hod  been  despatclied  for  the  doctor.  He  suou 
came  back,  not  witJi  the  medicine-man^  but 
a  mamootUf  or  Dutch  hoc,  and  a  caitx^y  or 
sharp  bill-uook.  And  then  the  busy  work 
went  on  again.  In  little  more  time  tlian  I  take 
to  tell  the  story,  the  soil  was  removed  from 


588 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


about  the  root,  a  hole  wjuj  diaoovered  in  the  I  whole  of  it  was  plnnted,  and  it  now  gives  fair 
trunks  and  ita  course  upwards  ascertiiiued  by  i  promiac  of  beiug,  one  day,  the  finest  field  im 
mesiUfl  of  a  c&ue  probe.    With  the  ocMu^  cue  the  plantatiou, 

of  the  boys  couuBenced  cutting  jui  opening  |  From  thin  low  grouiid  I  utroUed  througli 
midway  in  the  trunk  of  the  tree.  On  looking  some  long  avenues  of  trees  on  the  rifht ;  their 
up,  I  perceived  that  the  patient  gave  unmis-  long  leaves  protected  me  fi'om  the  hrat  of  the 
iakeable  symptoms  of  ill-hettlth.    The  long  atternoon  bud,  which  was  Mill  conBiderahle. 


leaves  were  itroopiug  at  the  entl,  and  tinged 
with  a  aiekiy  yellow ;  many  of  the  nuts  had 
fallen  off,  and  others  had  evidently  half  a 
mind  to  follow  the  example.  The  flower, 
which  had  just  burst  above,  hung  do\^ii  its 
fiicWy  bead,  weeping  away  the  germs  of  what 
had  elae  been  nuts.  The  hole  was  now  com- 
plete ;  it  was  large  enough  for  the  amalleai 
looy  to  force  hia  hand  in  ;  and  it  soon  brought 
away  a  basket  full  of  pith  and  powdered  wood 
from  the  body  of  the  tree.  There,  amidst 
the  ruin,  was  the  encray  that  had  caused 
flo  much  migchief  and  labour.  It  wad  an 
unaiglitly  worm,  about  four  iuehea  in  length, 
and  at}  thick  as  one's  small  linger,  having 
a  dull  wlilte  body  tmd  black  head,  I  then 
began  to  wonder  what  luid  next  to  be  done, 
whether  the  tree  would  die  after  all  this 
liacking  and  maiming.  Would  the  medicine- 
man now  be  sent  for  1  No.  The  interior  of 
the  woun<led  tree,  aa  well  aa  the  apex-ture,  was 
thoroughljr  fi-eed  from  diit  and  decomposed 
fibre — which  might  have  aided  in  hatching  any 


The  treejs  on  this  side  were  eWdently  older  ; 
they  had  a  greater  number  of  ripe  fruit ;  and 
further  away  in  the  distance  might  be  seen  a 
multitude  of  men  and  boya  busily  engaged  in 
bearing  away  the  huge  nuts  in  pain,  to  a  pstti 
or  rude  cart  track^  where  a  can^n^,  or  native 
overaeer,  waa  occupied  in  counting  them  wm 
they  were  tossed  into  the  bullock  cart  The 
expertnesB  of  the  lx»yB  in  climbing  these 
amooth,  broken,  and  branchless  trees,  by  the 
aid  of  a  small  band  formed  by  twuBtio^^  a 
portion  of  a  cocoa-nut  leaf,  was  truly  astouiah- 
mg.  In  a  moment  their  small  feet  grasped 
the  trunk,  aided  by  the  twuited  leaf,  whilst 
their  hands  wexe  employed  above  ;  they 
glided  upwards,  and  with  a  quick  eye  detected 
the  riper  fruit  which,  rapidly  twisted  from 
their  stalka,  were  dung  to  the  groumi.  Their 
companions  below  were  busy  in  removing  the 
nuta ;  which  for  young  childr<^n  is  no  easy  task ; 
the  nuta  freijucntly  weighing  tifteen  or  twenty 
poumia  each  nut,  with  the  huak  or  outer  akiji 
on   thera.     The  natives  have  a  inmple  but 


eggs  left  by  the  worm — an«l,  finally,  tlie  root ,  ingenious  method  of  tjing  them  together  In 
was  covei'ed  up,  and  the  opening  and  iuaide  of,  pfiirs,  by  which  means  tlie  boys  can  carry  t^vo 
the  palm  tightly  filled  with  clay.  I  was  of  them  with  ease,  when  otherwise  one  would 
Hiiaured  that  not  more  than  one  of  ten  trees,  be  a  t^sk  of  difficulty.    The  nuts  have  little, 


thus  trcatejl,  ever  laila  to  recover  its  health. 

The  nocturnal  attacks  of  elephants  ajre 
checked  by  means  of  lighted  dres,  and  an  oc* 
eaaional  shot  or  two  during  the  night.  Wild 
hogs  and  porcupines  are  caught  in  traps,  and 
hunted  by  do^.  The  monlceya  are  shot  down 
like  the  squirrels,  and  the  white  ants  are 
poisoned.  In  spite  of  all  these  measures, 
however,  an  estate  oflen  suffers  very  .severely, 
and  its  productiveness  is  much  interfered 
with,  by  these  many  depredators. 

The  soil  over  which  I  had  aa  yet  passed 
had  been  of  one  miiform  description — ^a  licht 
sandy    earth,   containing  a    little    vegetable 


if  any,  stalk:  the  practice,  therefore,  is  to  slit 
up  a  portion  of  the  husk,  (which  ts  the  coir 
fibre  in  its  miturai  state),  pull  out  a  eofficient 
length  without  breaking  it,  and  thus  tie  two 
together ;  in  this  way  the  little  urchijOA 
scamper  along  with  the  nuta  slung  across 
their  shoulders,  scarcely  feeling  the  weight. 

I  followed  the  loaded  carts.  They  vrer^ 
halted  at  a  large  enclosure,  inaitle  of  which 
were  huge  pens  formed  of  juugle  sticks,  about 
ten  feet  iu  height ;  into  these  the  nuts  were 
stored  and  re-counted  ;  a  certain  number  only 
being  kept  in  e^ich,  a^  the  pens  are  all  of  the 
sanie  dimensions.      Adjoining,   w?ta   another 


IL 


contammg  a 
matter,  and  but  a  little.     Afterwardn,  I  ar- .  and  still  larger  space  lying  lower,  with  some 
rived    at    a    tract    of    phmted    Imid,    ijuite   deep  ditches   and  pits  in  the  midst     Here 
i.^f-.i,;     .         ^|j^  outer  husk  is  stripped  ofl^  prepanitoiy 
to    breaking   the    nut     itself    in    order    to 
obtain  the  kernel ;   which  has  to  be   dried 
before  the  oil  can  be  expressed.      Into  tb« 
pits   or  ditches   the  husk   is  flung^  and   left 
iu   water  for  ten  or   fotirteeu   ditvs ;   when 
it  is  removed  and  beaten  out  on  stones,  tc» 
fr*?e  the  womly  elastic  fibre   from   <lirt   And 
useless  vejjetable   matter.      Tliis  is   a    meet 
disagreeable  operation,  for   the  8t<?nch    froitl 
the  half-pntriu   husks  is  very  t<tr'»fij».     Tb© 
6bre,  aiW   being  well  drie«l  aaudy 

gi'ound,   undergoes  a  rude  '     iuu> 

three  qualities,  m  reference  cJut^ny  \o  colour, 
and  is  then  delivered  over  to  the  rot^e-inAk^r, 
who  works  it  up  into  yarn,  rope,  or  junk,  tm 


different  in  its  nature  and  moile  of  cuUivutiou 
It  was  of  a  far  stiffer  character,  deeper  in 
colour,  find  more  weed3%  This  {jortion  of  the 
estrde  was  in  former  tkys  a  swamiv  in  which 
the  porcupine,  the  wiia-hog,  and  the  jackal, 
delighted  to  dwell,  sheltered  from  the  en- 
croachment of  man  by  a  dense  mass  of  low 
jungle,  thorns,  and  reeds.  To  drive  away 
these  destructive  creatures  from  the  vicinity 
of  the  young  palms,  the  juugle  was  fired 
during  the  d^  weather.  It  was  then  perceived 
that  the  soil  of  this  morass,  although  wet  and 
rank  from  its  position,  was  of  a  most  luiuriant 
charfwter ;  a  few  deep  drains  were  opened 
through  the  centre,  cross  druns  were  cut, 
Htid  after  one  season's  exposure  to  the  purify- 
iiig  action  of  the  atmosphere  and  rain,  ^\le^te(\\ii^f«d,   IStwi  from'  tJieir  outer  oovcrin^. 


III 


D^t^}     THE  S^nTHFIELD  BUIJ.  TO  HJS  COUSIN  OF  NINKVKU. 


am 


mts  are  either  sold  for  roAking  curries, 

they  form  a  promiuent  feature,  or 

^re  kept  for  drying  ready  for  the  oil- 

HaviBg  l«mwd  this  much,  I  atroUed 
.through  the  neat  Bmall  tield,  and  alou^  a  patch 
uof  guiiiear^rasB,  to  see  wliat  waa  gomg  ou  in 
[that  directioD.  The  neitt-luoking  buUdluK  arl- 
'----ing  was  the  superinteadeut  s  bungjUow  ; 
the  long  flhedtt  aud  open  epaces  in  their 
mt  and  rear  were  for  drying  the  nuts,  into 
[irhat  is  termed  coppcraA^  in  whicli  Btate  they 
iftre  ground  up  for  pi^«suj*e.  It  was  a  busy 
»ue,  indeed,  and  the  op<»ratioua  requii-e 
instant  vigilance  ou  the  paii.  of  the  manager: 
ret  all  the  work  is  carh^  on  in  the  rudeat 
\yF&y,  and  with  the  mo&t  simple  implemeutd. 
[aU-a-dozen  atout  lada  w&re  seated,  cross- 
legged,  ou  the  ground,  each  with  a  heap  of 
nutfi  by  hia  side.  The  rapidity  with  which  they 
seised  thi^t&e,  and  with  one  sharp  blow  of  a 
heavy  knife,  split  them  precisely  in  half,  and 
flung  them  away  into  other  hfups,  waa  re- 
markable. It  seemed  to  be  done  with  i{ci:u*cely 
an  effort ;  yet  on  handling  the  broken  nut,  one 
cannot  help  being  struck  with  its  thickness 
and  strength.  Smaller  l>oys  wei^e  busily  em- 
ployed in  removing  theae  heaps  of  split  fruit 
to  the  laj^  open  spaces;  where  others, 
•Amated  by  a  few  women,  were  occupied  in 
placing  them  in  rows  cl>j«e  together  with  the 
open  part  upwards,  so  that  the  kerueb  may 
be  fully  exposed  to  the  direct  rays  of  the  suai. 
In  this  way  they  remaiu  for  two  daya,  wheu 
the  fruit,  partly  dried,  shrinks  from  the  sheU, 
and  is  remuved.  Two  more  days  exjx»s\ire  to 
tlie  sun  in  fine  weather  will  geuerally  complete 
the  drying  ptxH:ess.  The  kernels  are  theu  called 
eapperahf  and  are  brittle  and  unctuous  in  the 
hand. 

To    convert    this    material    into    oil,    the 

natives  employ  a  veiy  primitive  mill,  worked 

by  bulltK'lcH,  and  called  a  chtekoo  ;  this  process 

ia  very  alow,  and  the  oil  never  clean.      Eu- 

iJropeans  have,  however,  obviated  these  ohjec- 

"ious,  and  manuiacture  the  cocoa-nut  oil  by 

leans  of   granite    crushers    and    hydraulic 

r|>resses,  worked    by   Steam-power.     This   is 

only  done  in  Colombo,  to  which  place,  of 

[isoursey  the  coppenxh  haa  to  be  conveyed.    The 

jfuse  of   tlie   oU-pi-esBea — the  dry  cake  or 

Mioc — ^is  s^t-y  useful  aa  food  for  cattle  and 

>idtry,  and  not  less  so  as  a  manure  lor  the 

•tcrees,  when  moistened,  and  applied  in  a 

'ly  decomposed  state. 

a  particle  of  this  valuable  tree  is  lost. 

Tlie  fresh  juice  of  the*l>lossom  which  ia  broken 

otf  to  allow  it  to  flow  freely,  is  termed,  as  we 

itve  said,  toddy ;  and  is  di^oiik,  wheu  quite 

r,  as  a  cool  and  plessantly  refreshing  licver- 

:    when  fermented,  it    is    distilled,  and 

'yields  the   less    harmless   liquor  known  as 

arrack. 

All  these  operations  are  not  carried  on  with 
ease  and  regularity^  The  Cingalese  are  an 
idle  race ;  like  many  better  men,  their  chief 
pleasure  is  to  pei^orm  ua  little  work  aa  poa- 


slble.  Tills  necessitates  a  never-ending  round 
of  inspection  by  the  European  mausger; 
who,  mounted  un  a  small  pouy«  | taper 
umbrella  in  hand,  viaita  every  corner  of  the 
property  at  least  once  in  the  day,  often 
twice.  Neither  is  it  unusual  for  him  to  make 
**  a  round  '*  during  the  night.  Ou  the  whole, 
therefore,  he  enjoys  no  sinecure. 

The  nuinuiaeture  of  arrack  is  entirely  in  the 
hands  of  the  nati\'es,  who  employ  stills  of  the 
rudest  couKtrucliou  ;  the  |>ermission  to  retail 
arrack  and  toddy  is  iuiuually  farm^  out  by 
the  Ceylon  Government ;  tlie  rentere  are 
natives,  who  frequently  pay  as  much  as  oxty 
thousand  pounds  annuidly  for  the  monopoly  ; 
about  one-eighth  part  of  the  entire  revenue 
of  the  island. 

if  we  consider  the  very  light  and  poor 
nature  of  the  soil  in  which  cocoa-nut  culti- 
vation hi  carried  ou,  it  caiuiot  but  be  matter 
for  wonder  that  thowe  trees  attain  so  laige  a 
size,  and  yield  such  bulky  and  continuous 
crops  during  so  many  years.  Not  mifn- 
quently  they  reach  a  height  of  sixty  feet,  and 
yield  fully  fifty  nuts  each  tree  per  annum, 
leathered  in  alternate  months,  and  continue  in 
bearing  for  seventy,  and  sometimes  for  ninety 
years.  A  calculation,  baaed  on  those  data, 
shows  that  one  acre  of  yellow  sandy  soil  will 
produce,  without  the  aid  of  manure,  a  weight 
uf  fourteen  and  a  quarter  tons  in  green  fruit, 
and  seven  tons  of  leaven  aunually.  To  yiekl 
this  once  or  twice  may  not  seem  'dt«?erviiig  of 
much  wonder ;  but  that  this  protluetiou 
shouUl  continue  for  half  a  century,  without 
any  renovation  of  soil,  and  only  accIdenUd 
supplies  of  manure.  Ciuiuot  but  be  considered 
a  remarkable  instance  of  the  unaide<l  fertilis- 
ing powers  of  nature. 


THE  SMITHFIELD  BULL  TO  HIS 
COUSIN  OF  NINEVEH. 

CouBnr,  the  distance  of  the  seas 
Destroys  no  good  beast's  sjrmpathlos ; 
And  whether  yon  be  there,  or  here. 
Or  on  your  travels,  ancient  seer, 
Thy  veins  of  royal  blood  are  full — 
1  feel  you  are  a  brother  Bull. 
Therefore,  I  now  take  up  my  hoof 
To  write  these  li"  -^  '  ■'  -  -v  of  proof; 
Andif  giiU-Llud.  ink 

I  use,  it  is  to  ma:.  uik, 

I  revei^ence  your  patriarch  age. 

Your  knowledge  of  tho  historic  page ; 

And  when  I  letm  the  mutilatious 

You've  Mifraied — laeis  from  timo  tlum  nations-^ 

It  mnkos  my  horns  turn  cold  nnd  pnle. 

While  wr*th  uphfts  my  stitfeniug  toiL 

Kor,  do  I  think,  you  will  rcfu^ 

This  tribute  from  the  Bovian  Muse, 

%Mieu  I  confide  to  your  safe  ctir. 

A  portion  of  luy  Ruffemgu  here ; 

But  rather,  that  your  mighty  ii-e 

Would  i^purn  the  rucks  and  saudi^  to  fire. 

And  roa^b  your  heart,  stuff'd  high  with  pride 

Until  it  burst  jour  marbU  eidju 


cdo 


HOTTSEHOLD  WOBDS. 


C— irwuwt  W 


^ 


I  oiiDot  write  In  hkrogijrphics ; 

But  uovr,  u  1;rigbt  eye  ©'«r  the  cliff  fix, 

';  ur  comiotf  to  oar  ebArea, 

u  witla  boUowiog  it)ars ; 
Souiid-  ti  at  c^mprifio  ihe  Upbeat  ^pi^ettiig, 
Aotl  tell  ol^  wrtiDgB  foLT  iffort»e  than  endiig. 
To  flic  id  natuml — to  be  eatco, 
Eiirllift  law  ;  but  to  he  basely  beaten — 
ForiaiiiK  no  port  of  KaturoV  rules — 
Sliow^  that  eome  m^i  aro  bmtea  azul  fbola. 


\     ■     T 

T  CooBiii,  w«ild*«t  thoa  know 

\ 

ly  nofltrilfl  Bniffand  blow ; 

,..1  . ,,od  EmeU  of  blood— 

\-, 

/  in  its  mud — 

1 

i»  sleeves,  indfiBcea 

1.  ,.■    ■'■  ■ 

wLii  wiitivr  at  f^nauMta: 

11.    1.. 

tilovr« — the  torche**  glwfi  ; 
r  !    hiesa,  foulness,  flare; 

'Jl  .•  1.  ,- 

\\"v,:- . 

On  Uci- 

-  .  J,  ULtf !  and  o'er  their  wine, 

Declare  tliift  marileroua  market-plACO 
An  honour  to  tbo  huiuan  race. 

Some  aoQB  of  Adam — worthy  men, 
Hftve  eoujght  to  purify  this  den ; 
Select  ft  epot  beyond  the  waUfl, 
WheT^  ...  -.r,^  T.  .'ii  that  bowe  and  fiOl^ 
May,  ng  dignity, 

Adju-i"  1^  ere  be  die. 

Well,  ii'  'iwatii  no  ;  aad  mnee  by  fate 
And  mei^phyBical  aid,  hi^  date 
Is  ever  ahorten'd ;  in  hi«  end 
Ketuember  thia— ha  diae  ik/rimuL 

But  men  who  cat  ub,  boUcd  luid  roast, 

Too  nfl  fcirzct  tbnir  Povioa  hoafc; 

rcUow-orcaturoa 
ruurderous  fefttore^ 


!t« 
\'  _.L  i  ,!■_  . ,,   .--,--  nwnv. 

On  liveried  man-  «y 

That  the  Mo«t  Cii  ivo 

Would  only  tAke  a  uioiuiug  drive. 
And  be  conTinecd  at  onco — smell,  eee. 

The  mai-kef "       -ibrity  ; 

And  grunt  '  i  to  a  scheme 

Worlljy  of  /jghtest  beam. 

If  any  chnn^e  be  uu  the  cords — 
To  move  it  juat  a  hundred  yards. 

But,  Hoynl  Cousin,  your  high  miaaioD, 
To  Fifty  One's  Orent  Kr'  '  -i  ■ 
Is  not  to  show  your  ar  rjg^ 

But  iiito  practice  know  i  ug; 

And  therefore  you  will  ^ac  xna  rtghted, 
Alibouph  tlio  "  Citv  "  be  berJghtedL 
I,  po,  to  this  great  end, 

iket  Model  eend— 

1.      .,y  one  Tbomae  Dunhill— 

W  ii{4rQ  ptimpe  ibr  ever  vaaj  the  tun  fill ; 

Win  rs?  gpnooa,  and  ttUotmeota,  large, 

^  Mth  aliome  the  City  b«a:ge ; 

^>  116.  "^hail  rise  up,  bix>ad  and  high, 

J  ure.  and  deee&cy ; 

\  -,  boerd-fooma,  office,  hall — 

1  fSk  eellerii,  buyers--itll ; 

Np  iiiii^ct  London's  hideous  foil", 

But  liudt  in  submlia,  and  iresh  oir. 


INDIAN  BAILKOADS   AND    BRITISH 
COMMERCE. 

Nvjtmnr  two  hundred  and  fl/hr  y<BH»  Imtv 

elni^Beii  since  a  amall  bandol  EngUalittterchaiii 
advents  r*>rii  went  o«t,  urged  bf  a  epirit  of 
enti  I  *  I  K^t  heroic  in  theoB  d«a  at  d«rk 

anii  < ligation,  and  eslalbliaked  Uufin- 

eeives  uiju<  r  the  protection  of  oat^TB  pM«i% 
at  Surst,  then  one  of  th«  prindpU,  mw  » 
decayed  town  and  port  on  t^e  eastefn  coast 
of  the  Indian  Penmsula.  A  few  yeun  Ijdwr 
Bombay,  the  germ  of  our  Indian  empira^  toil 
to  UB  as  part  of  the  murriage  portion  vhicli 
Catherine  of  Bmg&iusft  brought  to  our  own 
Charles  the  Second. 

In  those  days  the  Portufoeee,  the  Da 
and  the  Frendi,  liad  triumi^iuiUjr 
many  imtl  rich  coluniea  and  dependamriqwy  in 
Bcas  where  the  British  flag  was  ttttieo^y 
kuowD^  unieas  wbesn  boiiie  by  pirmtss  and  buo- 
caneers.  Toward  the  cl«  '^-  ^^  *»--  Mventacn^ 
oenttuy,  the    humble    :  who    tke& 

represented  ihe  Btru|:gi^-„  lues  of   the 

East  India  C'Ompany  m  B^^igal,  having  taegft' 
tiated  the  purchase  of  a  aiaaJl  tract  of  lioid 
for  a  &ctory  on  the  banks  of  the  0«ag«tt^ 
selected  the  site  for  the  future  Calcutta,  lh« 
city  of  Palaces,  round  the  spot  when*  he  was 
accastomed  to  smoke  his  hookah  under  Liie 
ahade  of  a  widerenreading  tree. 

The  riaing  wealth,  power,  anA  tnflii«aoe*  of 
the  British  Merchant  Company  r--*  ^  the 
suapicious  of  their   neighbours ;  ve 

InriliT,  vrin.  .^s,  urged  by  the  iealuu  -  s^^,*  Jxa 
inr?  un  French  and  Portuguese,  who 

had  ^  I  LIB  in  forming  Bettlementa, 

meuced  a  series  of  wars.     More   than 
the  tkte  of  our  futui-e  enipiro   !niii 
thread;  the  i&ie  of  the  of\^  iK<i8 

thrust  into  the  Black  Hole  «  t  i^a 

that  alty  was  besieged  and  talicu  by  i^ui^y^jfali 
DowUh,  was  a  favourite  tale  of  horror  fuamig 
our  graudmothera. 

It  happenf^i,  however,  that  among  the 
clerks  sent  out  to  keep  the  accoutite  of  thtt 
Company,  at  seventy  pounds  a  ye*r,  wihi 
one  Robert  CHve,  the  unmiy  Mon  of  a  poor 
Shropshire  clergyman.  He,  finding  himself 
aba»done<i  in  a  beadeged  fort,  by  cow^inllj 
mcomp*;teiit  otHcers,  thi'«w  diiwn  th«*  pgu^ 
took  up  the  tfword,  and  cotnTtiftfif^^d  a  i**ire«r 
of  conqueBt,  second  only  i  .  ,«9 

to  tliat  of  Napoleon,    I  ij^ 

brond  tind  det       '     '  m 

which  now  < 
the  boiiudaritui 


ii].v»u  a 


mc     Vj4J 


puro 
rm   to 


It  wf»  ifi  1757,  at  the  battle  of  Piaso^, 
Clive— coramaniling  a  little  anny  of  **     "  *' 


and  seia|>L>ys,  6rat  disciplined  br 
de&atLMi  Surajali  Dowhih  at  tbe  head  of 
seventy  tltuusand  native  troops,  snd  fx^qtic^rvd 
the  whole  of  Bengal  at  a  blow.     V  ,  ^.^ 

commenced,  Wan^en  Hsstifigs^ an<  .id 

sacceSMHtu  of  meu  euiiuenl  tar  nuMtAry  aiiri 
sdmiuiatrative  skilly  completsd.    OoniwaBai 


Ck«d«il 


INDIAN  RAILROADS  AND  BRITISH  COIMERCE. 


^i 


•sd  EiphinBtoDe,  WeUealey,  "Wellington,  JdaX- 
OulJU  ar\(l  MuTiro,  »re  &  few  Hmoug  a  host  of 
0Wt  meu  lireil  in  our  Li<lian  school.  Tlius, 
from  tli«?  tJiiy  of  the  hattlo  of  PUasey,  in 
of  fortrign  intrigue  and  native  jeiUousy, 
ttarSAi  Lrunirrectious  and  external  wara, 
^n  by  means  most  uni^cmpuJous  and  on- 
ulJ«»>  otlt*iier  by  the  irreaLitible  force  of 
iitAJicesy  Almost  always  against  the  will 
MerehAut  Directory  sitting  n.t  home, 
ma  for  peace  and  f>rotit,  Brili  ' 
constantly  widening  cii\*lea,  hat 
itlie  luoftt  ancient  settlements  oi  a.»jmiM>, 
ivud  jtladras,  until  it  Ivus  endi*j«ed 
lole  Indian  Pen  i  nan  la,  with  the  excep- 
of  A  f«w  kingdoms  And  principalities, 
ly  ixukpeodentf  but,  in  reality,  exiating 
Auffenmce  ;  and  oert.'un^  at  no  distant 
bd  Absorbed  in  BrUith  ludiA, 
this  moment  less  than  ten  tbouflAnd 
iroipeAn  miUtAry  and  civil  officers  rule  and 
lUlions  of  Mahomedaus  And 
niiUions  more  are  sun^ounded 
U  uiii  .iLUiiuu.jita,  open  to  our  commerce,  and 
mdjr  to  submit  to  our  rule>  wlMnerer  we 
to  Accept  their  homage, 
is  At  peace :  no  Ioqmt  rsmoved  from 
'thi^  tmcertaiu  lengtb  of  a  aailiAg  voyage, 
LS  to  the  enterpiiAe  of  Waghom,  uie 
-engime  of  Watt,  An<l  the  locomotive  of 
-  btephensoti,  we  liAve  recovered — 
U%  thirty  dAva — the  ancient  over- 
t  Aeen  Europe  and  HindoAtan; 

te  we  may  expect  to  see  tlte 
i'^  oi  ouif*  give  way  before  the  preasure 
aucing  commerce,  cnpital,  and  science, 
l1   to    have    cargoes   forwarded   from   the 
luinies.  the  Meraey,  and  the  Clyde,  by  the 
■  rc'ct  route  of  the  Bed  Sea  w  itliout  trail*- 
pment. 

In  the  midst  of  the  feelings  of  OAtiomd  pride 
r  rutulation,  which  sucJi  a  retrospect 
i  to  Lnspire,  couacicnce,  or  common 
ic,  ur  both,  ask  a  pbun,  praistieal  queition, 
we    shall    have    «ome   dilEculty    in 
i  -factoriiy  : — Have  W€  tloae  all 
1.'  welfare  of  the  native  popu- 
ktioii  -ill  I  I   .,tir  chaige  ? — have  we  mb&A.  the 
best    means   in   our   jx>wer   to   discover  the 
Itlij  develope  the  reaoui*cea,  and  prolitably 
y  the  iudustry  of  the   inhabitaute  of 
vast  and  fertile  domiiiioufl  1     It  is  true 
le  Indian  huabandmaa  can  now  punsue 
mpatious   without   fiear  of  seeing  hLs 
laiil  waste,  his  children  carried  into 
Lvity,    by    the     iuvafiion    of    hordes    of 
Ltas  or  Pinilarrie^  or  by  accidents  of 
\  or  domestic  warfare.   Oi^anise<l  rubber 
^     :nder  the  dominion  of  the  moat 
li  princes,  le\ied   black   inaU, 
,  ..L  down  ;    and  even  the  secret 
of  Thugs  hoa  been  unable  to  resist 
and  |K>wer.  Lil'e  and  pro|^rty 
Af*   aeeore  ;    and,    in   spite    of    occaaional 
mlstilLeA  of  the  Local  Government,  there  is 
rery  resBoa  to  believe^  from  the  oomparison 
the  taxes  levied,  and  the  prioes  of  com  and 


of  wages,  in  the  reign  of  the  £mpei\>i  <ikbur« 
in  th'^  -;vt^-..ith  century,  (the  Emp'  •  -^  ^ 
wii»il  .',  and  cLarity  are  ' 

the  1 :    Hindoo  and  Arab  ) 

with  those  obtaining  under  the  1: 

the  condition  of  the  Indiim  peasant  .» 

c^e    detenorated,    and    in    many    **>'^i^r*'^-^ 

iiuproved. 

But  this  is  not  enough.    We  still  find  large 
popuUfctions,  in  the  midst  of  vast  parts  of 
^cultivated  land,  naked  and  all  but 
we  find    famine    decimatint^    the 
iiuunuuiuid  of  one  district,  while  if       n    r 
tlistaiit  but  two  or  three  hundred  i  i 

rota  in  the  field  for  wan^  nf  it  m  \\^ 

find  the  consumption  of  ]  tores, 

cf>mpni^d  with  the  popnl  ^S  in- 

significant and  scarcely  inet^aAHing;  ike  Hupplv 
ol  those  articles  of  raw  material  moat  needeo, 
and  fur  the  growth  of  which  the  soil,  an*t  the 
climate,  and  the  habits  of  the  people  are  well 
fitted — such  ajs  wheat,  engar,  hemp,  and  cotton 
— so  far  stationary,  and  with  respect  to  cotton 
actually  receding.  To  amtmd  this  deplorable 
state  of  ai&irs  is  not  less  our  interest  than 
our  duty. 

The  great  masB  of  the  Indian  population 
are  poor  j  but  intelligent,  willing  to  laltoui*, 
and  anxious  to  purchase  British  mauulactures, 
if  they  had  the  means.  Our  only  hope  of 
extenoing  our  exports  to  India  rests  UDon 
being  able  to  increase  our  purchase  of  their 
Agricultural  produce. 

When  the  once  areat  Indian  merchant 
house  of  Palmer  ana  Co.  entered  into  com- 
mercial operations  among  the  Goand.^  wild 
tiibes  on  the  banks  of  the  Pranheetri  •.  hvn,,  >i 
of  the  Grodavery  (in  longitude  eigi.  ^ 

£aat),  their  speculations  tlirew  a  n 

of  about  ten  l!housand  pounds  a  yeiu-  into  tlie 
ooontry.  **The  efiiect  upon  the  condition  of 
the  people  was  se^u  within  the  firat  vear,  and 
continued  to  improve  ;  those  that  had  ik:arcely 
a  covering  for  their  nakedness  were  bar' LI  y  to 
be  recognised  in  their  gay  attire.  ChintaL 
handkerchiefs,  penknives,  and  scissors,  found 
a  ready  sale  ;  the  men  led  the  way,  but  the 
women  soon  acquired  a  taste  for  dresB.'* 

Changes  for  the  purposea  of  improviug  the 
Government  and  ughteuii^  the  taxation  of 
the  native  inhabitaDts  of  Sritish  India  must 
be  slow  in  their  operation  and  uncertain  in 
their  effect.  We,  in  England,  in  discusing 
such  questions,  reason  in  tlie  dark  ;  for  we 
are  not  dealing  witli  the  defil'mies  of  an  Anglo- 
Saxon  race,  but  with  one  which,  a^  Sir  Thomas 
Muuix)  observed,  had  scarcely  changed  in 
character  since  India  was  fii^t  a  isit«d  l>v 
Vasco  de  Gama.  But,  if  we  can  at*  -  '  ti  -  mi 
profitable  emplovment,  in  cultivai 
uemp,  sugar,  anJ  wheiU.,  we  increa^' 
fort^  of  the  peasantry,  and  the  consumpt  ion 
of  our  manufacture*,  and  add  to  the  ^ross 
amount,  while  diminishing  the  individual 
pressure  of  taxation.  This,  then,  w^ould  be  a 
certain  good  ;  and  our  zeal  to  eflect  it  wumot 
fail  to  l>e  quickened  when  we  remember  the 


I. 


602 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


urgent  neceasity,  in  this  oountiy,  of  fmdinc  a 
supply  of  cotton  which  shall  reader  ua  iaae- 
})e&dent  of  the  blights  and  froata  of  America. 

India  is  ihii  only  country  in  a  position^,  from 
BoU,  climate,  and  population,  to  eupply  the 
quantity  and  quality  we  need,  within  any 
reasonable  period.  It  ia  ahown,  very  clearly^ 
in  a  work  luburiously  and  intelligently  com- 
piled by  Mr.  John  Chapman,  late  Mana^r  of 
the  Great  Indian  Peninsular  Bailrood,^  that 
we  have  it  in  our  |>ower  to  increase,  almofit 
indefinitely,  the  sale  of  our  manufactures  in 
India,  by  the  simple  process  of  afibrditi^  a 
market  for  the  produce  of  the  soil.  This 
market  can  only  be  providetl  by  increasing 
the  road  accommodation  betweea  the  interior 
and  the  coast. 

At  present,  the  conauraption  of  BritiBh 
manufactures  in  the  whole  of  India  amounts 
to  about  elevenpence  farthing  per  head.  The 
inhabitants  of  the  v;Uley  of  the  Ganjfcs,  who 
have  advantage  of  water  eommuuication,  eon- 
Buuie  about  one  Bhilling  and  three  half-pence 
per  head,  while,  in  the  Bombay  and  Madras 
Presidencies^  it  varies  from  aevenpence,  in  the 
one  case,  to  sixpence  per  htia*l  in  the  other. 
The  double  consumption  in  tiie  district  in 
which  the  iuhabitanta  have  cheaper  means  of 
sending  their  produce  to  mai'ket,  and  obtaining 
return  cargoes,  speaks  volumes. 

On  the  present  occasion,  we  shall  confine 
our  attention  to  tlie  Bombay  district,  because 
that  is,  as  Mr.  Chapman  vei-y  clearly  shows, 
the  port  from  which  we  ought  to  derive  an 
auipfe  supply  of  the  cotton  we  so  urgrently 
need  ;  that  we  do  not  receive  it,  la  owinc  to  the 
utter  absenceofroadH  throughout  the  district. 

It  appears  that  at  a  distance  of  about  one 
huu<li*etl  and  forty  miles  from  Boinbfly.  sepa- 
rated by  a  lofly  range  of  mountains  or  Ghauts, 
there  lies  a  country  about  four  hundred  and 
fifty  miles  frr/m  north  to  south,  with  an 
average  breadth  of  three  hundre<l  miles  from 
west  to  east,  the  gross  surface  being,  there- 
fore, one  hundred  and  thirty-five  thou^rifind 
squall  miles  ;  deducting  half  us  occupied  by 
mouuUins,  rivers,  barren  soil,  &c.,  the  other 
half  will  contain  forty-three  millions  two 
hundred  thousand  acrt'S  applicable  to  the 
growth  of  cotton  fit  for  English  uae  ;  for  it  is 
very  cleariy  made  out  that  wMle  scarcely  any 
cotton  fit  for  our  nianufaotuixjrs  am  be  grown 
in  Bengal,  (from  the  unsuitability  of  the 
climate)  and  but  a  limited  ouantity  in  the 
Madras  Prejaidency  and  other  diatricta — in  the 
tirea  above  described,  the  cotton  grown  is  fit 
for  seventy-iive  per  cent,  of  our  consumption. 

"That  consumption  amounts  to  four  hun- 
dred and  eighty  miUion  poun/ls  per  aimum  ; 
seventy-five  per  cent,  would  be  three  humlrefl 
and  sixty  miulon  pounds  ;  now,  if  one  fourth 
of  forty-three  milhon  two  hundre<l  thousand 
acres  were  cropped  every  year,  and  produced 
the  average  weight  of  a'  hundred  pounds  per 
acre,  the  whole  crop  would  be  one  thousand 

Cotloa 


and  eighty  miUion  pounds'  weight  per  annum, 
or  three  times  as  much  as  we  could  take  at 
the   existing    rate    of   conaumption     bj  Ottrj 
manufacturers." 

We  have  not  space  to  enter  into  the  details 
necessary  for  showing  (as  Mr,  Ul»af»Tn«.n  «i<»«a 
most  satisfactorily)  the  existcnc^?  '  rge  I 

cotton-growing  area,   and    its   i  ofj 

growing  cotton  suited  for  the  Briti^u  luiirKet; 
uee^use  it  is  necessary  to  explain  how  it  la 
that,  in  the  face  of  a  constant  d  •■  -  '  ^  '-  fhe 
British  market  for  the  staple,  wl  as 

soil,  climate,  and  ample  snppl^  ol  - ....  ,  iaus- 
bandmen  at  modei-ate  wages  are  concern  ♦.«(), 
can  be  raised  in  unlimited  quantitiejit,  the  ex- 
|x)rt  of  cott/on  from  Bombay  to  Liverpttol  haa 
actually  fallen  olf  within  the  last  t<^n  jeara. 

The  cotton  in  question  is  all  brought  down 
to  Bombay  on  the  Ijjicks  of  bullocks  :  for  wiuit 
of  roads  no  other  mode  of  Ci*  is  prao- 1 

ticable.     The  expense,  the  me;,  the 

damage  by  aociaeuta  of  weanKi.  .xud  loss  in 
bad  pricking,  are  enormous  under  Ihe  must 
favourable  circumstance^ ;  but  In  some  sea- 
sons, no  sufficient  number  of  bullocks  are  to 
be  had;   those   employed  are  decimated   by 
disease   and    di*ought.      The    mercliantis    fre* 
quently  find  themselves  com|Xflled  either  to 
break  their  contracts,  or  to  see  their  prolits 
consumed  in  the   cost   of  carriage,      if  the 
discouraged  merchant  discontinues  for  a  year 
his  purchases,  the  natives  in  the  interior  find 
themselves    saddled    with    crops    of    oottoa 
which   they  cannot  sell   at  any   price  :  they 
ca.nnot  even  consume  it  themsielves*,  or  feed 
cattle  on   it,   as  if  it  were   grain.      HeiMK, 
they  abandon  the  gi'owth  of  .i  crop  vrhich  ia 
not  aure  of  a  market ;  and,  when  a  failure  ofl 
our  usual  supply  from  America  compels  our 
manufacturers   to   turn  to   liulia,  they   tind^ 
that,  even  for  money,  the  staple  is  not  to  \» 
had.    Thus,  in  1630— tweVe  years  after  i\m\ 
pacificiition  of  the  intervening  country  hnA\ 
eaUiblished  the  trade  in  cotton  between  that 
interior  district  of  Berar  and  Bombay — ^the^ 
import  reached  thirty-one  millions  of  pounda. 
Nine  years   later,  in   1845,   it   had  fuli»?n  to| 
twenty-three  millions  of  fjouuda. 

This   diminution  in  supply  has   rn'^t    be»i 
caused  by  diminution  in  the  price  y»aid  to  the 
cultivator  ;  which  has  been,  for  the  ljij?t  sLsirl 
years,  between  one  penny  farthing  and  two- J 
pence  halfpenny  per  pound,  acconlin^  to  the] 
quahty,  but  simply  from  the  want  ot  certain] 
»tea<ly  means  of  conveyance  which  prevented] 
the  purchaser— even  if  a  lai'ge  quantity  n/l 
cotton  were  grown  and  stacked — frr.y 
veym^  it  to  the  coast*     It  has  been 
that,  m  1843,  a  gentleman,  who  had  coii.  -  tv  t^Li, 
to  deliver  five  thousand    buUoek    loads    of 
ootton  at  Bombay,  was  prevcnle.l  from   u^r* 
forming  his  contract  by  viu  i  i  nc, 

again,  that,  in  1846,  vessels  1  Mir 

waiting  in  vain,  on  heavy  exiHin**^*.  lui  .  i , 

purchased  in  the  interior,  which  the  <i       i _ !  - 
prevented  from  \miig  sent  foi*war»l,  1  .. 

vt  was  necessary  to  limit    the    nuuji    i       f 


INDIAN  EAILEOADS  AND  BRITISH  COMMEECK 


003 


bullouks  by  the  quantity  of  water  available 
for  Lheir  coiuniiuption  ou  the  road. 

We.  in  EiiglMid,  can  scarcely  conceive  aucb 
A  vtate  of  iot^Tiial  commerce,  accuBtomod,  aa 
we  have  so  Long  been,  to  exceUeot  roads, 
eaaals,  and  ndlronds.    Let  lis  imagine  all  the 

r' '  ■  all  the  canals,  and  all  the  tumpike- 

I  I  the  eiception  of  about  twenty-miles 

o,..  ! .  ludon^  dwtroyed  ;  that  betwe«?n  Ixjn- 
don  and  the  present  manufacturing  districts, 
lay  a  stupendoua  range  of  mountains,  only  to 
be  paascid  at  all  at  one  or  two  narrow  detilea  ; 
add  a  tropical  climate^  buminc  droughba  at 
one  periocJ  of  the  year,  at  the  other  deluges  of 
rain,  turning  the  dry  watereonraes  of  the  hot 
aeaaon  into  impaaiable  torrents  ;  and  we  havti 
a  country  somewhat  resembling  that  between 
the  port  of  Bombay  and  the  cotton-growing  dis- 
trict. If,  then,  over  such  a  country,  all  nro- 
duce  for  shipment  at  the  port  of  London  had 
to  be  conveyed  on  the  backs  of  animals,  horses 
or  bullocks,  it  is  miite  evident  that  the  pre- 
sent enormous  traffic  would  dwindle  away  to 
auch  a  minimum,  that  in  a  very*  few  years  the 
records  of  the  former  enormous  influx  of  goods 
would  become  quite  incredible.  Towns  and 
TQlagee,  now  cai-r\in<?  on  a  brisk  exchange 
with  London,  would  be  compelled  to  resign 
foreign  luxuries,  to  consume  their  own  pro- 
duce, and  be  as  much  as  possible  self-supjxtrt- 
mg.  To  take  a  simple  case,  it  is  quite  cei*tain 
that  scarcely  any  number  of  horses  could  be 
arranged  so  as  to  carry  the  number  of  pas- 
aengers  who  are  now  daily  cnrried  through 
England  by  railway,  because  with  amnnds,  as 
you  increase  the  number,  you  increase  the 
difficulty  of  feeding  them. 

At  present  it  is  calculated,  by  Mr.  Cha]>- 
man,  tnat  one  million  eight  hundred  thousand 
bullocks  traverse  the  few  routes  practicable 
ai2ros3  the  Ghaitta,  in  carrying  the  traffic  be- 
tween the  interior  and  Bombay,  of  which  one 
hundred  and  eighty  thousan<l  convey  cotton. 
^These  aninuds  travel  in  single  file,  at  the  rate 
three  miles  an  hour,  over  tracks  worn  by 
feet  of  their  predecessors,  depending  for 
and  water  on  what  c»n  he  picked  up  on 
way,  sometimes  delayed  by  torrents 
lied  with  the  melting  uf  the  mountain 
r,  sometimes  struggling  through  morasses, 
letunea  driven  mwl  by  heat  sjid  drought, 
letimee  struck  down  in  thousands  by  an 
ic,  and  left  to  rot  on  the  roadside, 
«kg  the  air  and  poisoning  the  water,  to 
Levous  damage  uf  the  droves  that  follow 
ielr  track- 
Ler  auch  opposing  circumstances,  it  is  not 
that  our  commerce  with  India 
slow  progress.  Beforms  of  laws  and 
improvements  of  docks  and  piers 
the  coast,  will  do  httle  towaitls  establish- 
a  bteaiiy  commercial  barter  of  raw 
rial  for  manuiactured  goods  between 
and  India,  until  we  have  tapped 
iterior,  where  the  great  agricuHtu^ 
lie. 
Indian  viilage  system,  which  presents 


rules. 


Its 


the  most  ancient  municipal  system  in  the 
world,  is  especially  calculated  to  enconrage 
isolation,  and  foster  self-supporting  ooinmu- 
nitiea,  alUr  the  faahion,  altliough  not  with  the 
results,  communistic  writers  wuuld  desire  to 
see  established  in  Europe.  Each  villfvge  is  a 
sort  of  republic,  ruled  by  the  Patti  or  hea^l- 
man,  the  CAouffula  his  ossiiitant,  and  tht* 
KooUtumte,  or  accountant,  with  «^ome  uthers. 
Besides  these,  the  village  maintains,  <u(  puUic 
ojicerty  a  band  of  artisans  ;  these,  where  the 
village  can  afford  it,  numt>er  twenty-four. 
The  carpenter  stands  at  the  head,  nejit  comes 
the  blacksmith,  the  goldsmith  and  nsaayer  of 
coins,  the  shoemaker,  the  potter,  the  barlier, 
the    leather    ropemaker,    the    bui  V  !io 

waaherman,    antrobear,   bard,    il  !, 

water-carrier,  &c,  Tlie  remuneratum.  i»L;*iat> 
a  piece  of  laud,  is  by  a  stipend  in  grain  from 
each  cultivator,  in  return  for  which,  cus- 
tomary services  are  performed.  The  car- 
penter and  blacksmith  inm  required  to  repiur 
and  construct  implements,  wella,  and  other 
matters  coimected  with  cultivation.  Thb 
system,  as  is  well  expressed  by  the  author, 
from  whom  we  have  abridged  these  details^ 
ttertotyj^d  tht  India  of  tke  day — to  lead  the 
Indian  people,  bound  hand  and  foot,  by  cus- 
tom an  J  precedent,  on  the  path  of  material 
improvement.  Precept  b  iii«uflicieut,  they  must 
he  taught  by  example.  Tliey  are  more  ready 
to  copy  what  they  see  to  be  useful,  than  is 
usually  imagined,  but  books  will  not  teach 
them.  Let  them  see  how  well  an  improved 
plough  works,  and  they  may  be  led  to  try  it, 
and  to  imitate  it. 

The  grand  instrument  for  effecting  a  peaoe- 
fiil,  profits ble,  social,  commei'cial  and  agricul- 
tural revolution  in  India,  will  be  the  railroad 
— that  divining  rod  of  the  nineteenth  century 
—which  not  only  discovers  treasures,  but 
creates  them. 

In  this  country  we  have  seen  the  railroad 
stimulating  conveyance  and  interchange, 
opening  mines  and  creating  port*,  but  tJve 
effects  were  not  startling,  because  we  already 
lived  in  the  stmosphere  of  commercial  bustle 
created  by  the  most  perfect  system  of  turn- 
pike roads  and  canals  in  the  world.  In  the 
United  States  of  America,  the  railroad  has 
performed  an  additional  task :  piercing 
primeval  forests,  and  passing  over  deserts 
and  morasses,  to  reach  fertile  land  for  agri- 
culture, and  favourabk  sites  for  ports,  carrying 
with  it  the  population  to  till  the  soil,  and 
build  the  city  created  by  the  power  of  steam. 
It  b  as  a  coloniser  that  the  railroad  has 
played  the  greatest  part  in  America  ;  receiving 
and  distributing  the  overflowing  emignint 
millions  of  Europe.  In  India  there  is,  as  in 
America,  an  ample  supply  of  fertile  waste 
land  ;  there  i*  an  even  greater  degree  oil 
isolation  than  existe*!  in  the  United  States, 
between  the  sea-poi-ts  and  the  interior,  t>efore 
the  introtluciion  of  the  steiira-honse,  and 
colonists  are  not  ut^eded  to  execute  the  works 
or  cultivate  the  land,  because  millioua  of  the 


504 


HOUSEHOLD  WOBDSw 


natrre  inhabitAiit^  woald  onl j  be  too  h&ppy  to 
find  oooflt&nt  work  for  little  wajfcs, 

hetvfofm  the  cotton-protl i  oti  in  tilt 

interior  ht  '  *'  *  rt  orf"  iuMM.M^.  »he  present 
mini rn am  i  veying  cotton  by  bullocks, 

Mvi'i     •*11  "1  tnicertaiiity,)  of  fonr- 

ould  l^  fxchauged 
;  ]*ence  three  farthing-^ 

per  niile.  i  ity,  certainty,  and  c&pa- 

ftiHty   of  :    Any   quantity.     As  the 

^  ly  can  afford  to  aell  cotton  of 

U>  that  wbich  fornig  seventy- 
I  f  tlie  English  consumption,  kt 

V  fArthing,  to  one  jMenny  three 
•and  ;  an  Izmd  and  labour  are 
a  tbst  dniiiet ;  a  lar^  increMe 
t,;  ,.w,^.v.,  ...tvation  would  be  certain,  thou- 
SAllds  would  be  able  to  live  well  and  elotbe 
well,  who  are  now  half-naketi  and  hall- 
BtATved.  The  chief  tax  in  India  is  the  land- 
tax,  the  rent,  in  fact,  paid  to  the  Oovemine»t. 
Wild  land,  cultivated,  would  beooioe  sabjeot 
to  tax,  and  thus,  without  an  iocreaae  in  Um 
expenaea  of  Go^t'ertunentf  Indian  revenues 
would  increaae.  But,  not  only  revenues, 
imports  would  increase,  too ;  out  of  every 
ninepence  «»f  British  mannfaotures  consumed 
in  India,  fourpeiice  consieta  o*'  cotton  gooda. 
Thus  then  we  arrive  by  railroa<i  at  u  per- 
petual circle  of  prortperity.  Coinmenctn|i  with 
a  lam  growtb  ot  cotton,  which  afl^jrds  the 
BrittMi  manufacturer  a  cooKtant  aniule  supply 
of  the  staple  on  which  the  Uvielihooa  of  Home 
miUion  and  a  half  of  our  population  depen<is, 
come«  enij>Ioyinent  for  shipping  ;  while,  buying 
what  we  ao  much  nwa,  we  create  in  the 
cott<jn  cultivators  new  customers  for  the 
goods,  of  which  they  sup^ply  the  raw  materiak, 
iw  well  Rf)  for  the  mixed  goods  of  Yorkshire, 
and  the  hardwares  of  Sheffield  and  Bir- 
Ti  iin.>i  .i.>  But  it  is  not  only  cotton  culti- 
r  will  lieuefit  from  the  construction 
Is  in  India  ;  sugar,  rice,  indigo  and 
grain,  would  all  find  employment  for  labour 
and  a  market ;  and  salt,  bo  much  needed  by 
the  v<?gfc;tarian  Hindoos,  would  be  distributed 
in  the  interior,  much  to  the  benefit  of  the 
Govemmcut  revenues. 

At  preaent,  every  ten  or  fifWn  years,  scrme 
district  of  India  is  ruined  by  famine ;  gram 
rises  iKt  such  a  prioe,  that>  while  many  £e  af 
hunger,  those  who  snrvive  have  tranaferred 
all  their  substance  to  a  few  rioh  grain-mer- 
chimis  and  money-lenders,  and  hjive  lo  bt'^dn 
tlie  world  afresh.  Yet  the  same  want  of 
roads,  that  destroys  one  district  in  a  failing, 
nuns  another  by  an  aV>undant  harvest^  for 
then  crain  sinkH  to  so  low  a  price,  that  the 
wretched  cultivators  are  obli^  to  fly  to  the 
liFurers  for  assistance  to  pay  their  land-tax. 

During  the  last  famine  at  Agra,  the  Govei-n- 
raent  was  oblig^ed  to  employ  and  feeil  sixty 

f^' ""  '  '-'•T^*ris  in  the  city,  and  tbirty-seven 

district :  the  demand  for  grnun 
I  ..  i  r>'  ivi,  in  Agra  alone,  was  about 

Utoy  toDy  The  cattle  by  which  the 


grain  was  to  be  broiig^t^  w^re  incspalile  ot 

travelUni?,  and  dying  for  want  of  fbtl^git      At 

"        '      licHi,  at  Goodwaaa,  a  d»takiic#  of 

adred  miles  €roiD  AgtK  ns  auoidt 

..I  iM»-  ii!.^^.  grain  was  to  be  bon-* '  *'  -  *wi> 
shilliiiqs   as  would  have  oost^  ««-  be 

n  hnck 


fur  cost  of  carriage,  a;t  the  rate  of  irvjfm 
pence  to  tenpence  per  mile,  was  tosnflknflixi  tg^ 
proeirre  grain  to  stny  the  born>r«  of  Inmiao ; 
as,  owing  to  drought,  there  wn^  no  fomge  oik 
the  road  to  sustain  them,  the  mere  ifeeding^ 
of  the  bullocks  ooDsnmed  half  tb^  gmin 
en  rmUe. 

More  evidence  mig:ht  be  acomnttlftitod,  but. 
the  com,  salt,  and  cotton  cases  are  •'•••■-  ""rfft- 
cient  to  prove  the  ahecdute nijeessit  v^ 

ing  the  means  of  conveyano*  in  In-  .     do 

this,  the  railroad  would  be  at  once  the  cb€«pe»t 
and  most  eifective. 

Two  railix^ads  are  now  inprogri  v>> 

site  sidas  of  the  Peninsula — one  i-  int 

near  CaJcuttA,  for  a  distance  of  atiout  un<» 
hundred  and  twenty  miles,  to  certain  coaI- 
mines ;  the  other  from  Bombay,  for  about 
thirty-ti ve  mites,  toward  a  plaoe  called  Callien, 
Both  are  l»eing  constructed  nn^-'r  -  ""ir^nteic 
of  five  per  ceot.  from  the  Kas>'  tipanj. 

Neither  can  be  considered  of  i  =  rtaac^ 

in  thetr  present  dimen'^ionfi,  model 

lines  for  the  instruction  of  w  ''»urerB 

and  engfine-drivers ;  as  in«trument«  for  th« 
development  of  the  rewurces  of  Iftdin.  they 
are  quite  insignificant.    Tliat  v.!  Jd 

be,  if  we  were  wise,  an  extHnfiioii  <  >  r- 

po^'i        "  ''    lohester  Ri  ' 
lin*  rt  of  the  I' 

a  diwi?turHi  1,1  cme  himdrfU  lun!  iwvr.iy  ^mk'* 
from  the  cotton  country.  This  thirtv-fivr 
mi|,.c!  uL^ii  ,....=*  !■  .ir-i  mtlUr>ti  :^t'  -t  .,,T  -  t.  -  vpr»- 
plf  two  hnn»i  Ul 

CO^t  loQFj;tnnr»'  ilK 

the  Bay  of  Ben]7al,  traversing  the  principod 
int«rvemng  cities,  would  cost  seven  tnillionsL 
In  the  work  to  which  we  have  ao  oft^n 
alluded  in  the  eonrsp  of  thi^  article,  .%  maee  of 
evidence  seems  to  f  ;ill  the 

cotton  line  from  1^  tccor^l- 

ing  to  Mr.  L'  ^  "^muMe  nt 

6fteen  thous-  would  pny 

private  ?!T'  •'"♦ -*    '•• 

the  pres' 

without  I:  .-^    ..    ^  -^  _  

sidenition   at   all.      it  is  to   be  ^^t 

private    enterprise,    wliich    has  ^ 

glorious  tilings  on  land  and  sea  t  ,  .j^ 

will  not  again  commence  i«owm;/  iji. 

tions  of  capital  br  -  ig^ 

South  American  M  i « 

without   first   invent ii/;>fii>g  '  .jf 

our  vast   Indian   emjnre,  wi  i^ 

peaceful,  docile,   int^dligcnt  I  re 

willinjij  and  able  to  become  >  if 

we  will  only  enable  them  to  u.i.  i  „„^  \^^ 

the  staples  of  indigo,  sogltf'j  and  cotton,  4f 


n! 


iDldkn*.] 


THE  SPADK 


605 


wbidi  we  «Uad  in  m  much  u^ed  aa  tliey  lio  of 
oar  raiment  and  hardware. 

The  Eiist  India  Company,  powerftil  H»  n 
oonqoeror  and  arbitrator.  Uke  all  other 
gQyenim<>ntaf  is  the  worst  poasibk  at  the 
retail  d^^portmentd  of  admitilBtratiou^  The 
aDcient  deeplv-rool^d  auperatitioitfi  of  Suttee^ 
Thuggee,  aud  humau  aaerihces,  it  has  sup- 
pleased  iii  less  time  than  it  took  to  open  the 
Entt  to  steamers.  It  can  anner  a  (^oarrd- 
eome  kingdom  in  three  months  ;  but  it  takes 
tlu^ec  years  to  consider  a  crane  or  jetty  ; 
six  years  to  think  of  a  common  road ;  and  a 
generatioii^  if  let  alone,  to  consent  to  a  rail- 
way. Now,  Manchester  is  celebrated  for 
money-making  ;  gi-eat  in  Agitation ;  tiot  nn- 
8ucc«ssfiil  in  politic^  and  holds  a  deep  stake 
in  cotton.  Let  Manchester,  which  showed 
London  the  way  to  make  rsilroadg^  unite 
protite  and  palriotiam,  by  risking  something  to 
open  the  unknown  oases  of  Central  India  to 
British  Commerce. 


CHIPS. 

THE  SPADE. 

Ttit.  winnings  of  owr  "Ace  of  Spades"* 
have  )teeii  doubted  bj"  several  correspoEdeuts 
in  the  jugriciiUiinil  <iiVti"icta.  They  deny  it  to 
be  the  rnimp  car^^l  John  Siliet  made  out. 
We  shall  best  answer  their  doubts  by  referring 
them  to  John  Sdlot's  own  work,  which  b 
entitled,  "A  New  Practical  Syatc^m  of  Fork 
and  Spade  Husbandry."  It  is  published  in 
London  by  Simpkin  and  Marshall,  We  may, 
however,  meantime  observe,  that  our  coV- 
respondents  betake  themBclves,  in  criticisnng 
John's  estimate  of  prothice  for  1S47,  to  the 
fevonrite  parliamentkir  refuse  of  calling  that 
an  **  eiceptioniil  j'car,  *  which  they  appear  to 
regard  as  destroying  the  whole  valne  of  the 
iacts.  On  referring  to  honest  John's  pam* 
phlet,  we  find  that  it  was  indeed  an  exc^p- 
tion.al  year  to  him,  but  in  the  reverse  sense  to 
that  wig^iified  by  our  correspondents.  "I 
must  Iteg  my  readers  to  bear  in  mind," 
obeerves  he,  "that  the  past  year  (1847) 
though  very  favourable  for  grained  crope, 
was  a  very  trying  one  for  root*.  In  eou- 
sequenoe  my  root  crops  were  very  much 
below  the  average  of  other  yeare.  I  lust 
nearly  the  whole  of  my  spring  crop  of' 
cabbage  ]^larits  of  fiiteen  thousand."  Tliei 
introduction  to  the  last  edition  of  his  work  ' 
is  dated  IS^IO,  and  so  far  from  making  any 
oomphunts  of  rdtered  prices  or  cotniitiou,  he 
cuutuiues  :  "  I  have  for  thf^so  In.-rt  «f'ven  vcnrs 
been  cnableil  to  wupiHui  in 

a    comfortable    and  .'• 

Even    thi"    exceptors   lo   uif  .-tat*  rm  iiir.    do 
not  a^co  in  their  own  acctauit  of  prices — 

one   ,*'■'■■■    ".--^    i:...:,     V,.       ..1         ^^Y    ,1^^ 

Wit  '/John 

Sill.--    _.-.. ...    „,,    .,..    ^ i    atates 

'  8«*p.  477. 


the  price  of  onions  at  aevenpence  per  peck, 
fund  allows  only  eightpeu'-  •"  ►•  'r^^una  for 
butter  :  while  he  reckons  ;  r  pound 

to    l«e    tile    price    of    pig  i2r    fi«om 

Harwich  states  butter  at  tenpence,  and 
allows  oidy  foui-pence  halfipermy  for  pigs. 
Even  the  former  admita  (juldiug  the  omission 
for  potatoeij^)  that  thirty-six  pounds  six 
shillings  and  eightpence  may  be  the  nett 
proceeos  of  two  acres  atter  auppljing  the 
family  ;  and  the  latter  concedes  that  a  return 
of  forty -eight  pounds  six  shUUngs  and  four^ 
pence  may  h^  practicable — aflmhsacms  ample 
for  the  purpose  of  pro\ing  the  general  case  of 
which  John  Siliet  in  the  practical  exponent. 

Having  dlspctBed  of  the  specific  objections 
of  our  friends  (for  whose  letters  we  may  take 
this  opportmiity  of  saying  we  feel  much 
obliged ;  for  it  is  only  by  temperate  and 
earnest  discussion  that  truth  can  be  elidied 
and  understood),  we  shall  pass  on  to  the 
generalities  of  the  sjjade  que«ti*>n,  saying  a 
word  or  two  in  favour  of  that  primitive 
implement  of  husbandry. 

*'  In  early  ages  of  society,"  says  Sir  John 
Siuchiir,  the  ibuuder  of  the  Board  of  Agricul- 
tui-e,  "when  ojusa  and  horses  were  cheap^ 
when  they  were  fed  at  little  or  no  expense, 
when  their  stables  were  little  better  than 
miserable  hovels,  when  the  wages  of  plough- 
men were  low%  and  when  labouxei'S  were  not 
suflieientiy  numerous  for  carrying  on  exten- 
sive cultivation  by  manurU  hxbour,  it  is  not  to 
be  wondered  at  that  the  invention  of  the 
plough  should  be  accounted  a  valuable  dis- 
covery. But  now  horwes  are  dear,  their  ac- 
commodati<:>u  and  food  eipen&ive,  the  imple- 
ments of  husbandry  are  costly,  while  labourers 
are  abundant  and  their  wages  low.  For 
porous  soUs,  which  have  been  so  highly  culti- 
vated by  the  small  farmers  of  Flanders, 
manual  labour  is  sufficient  for  the  production 
of  abundant  cropa,  and  tui-us  up  the  mamire 
which  falls  below  the  depth  of  the  plough.'* 
— "  Spade  husbandry,"  observes  Dr.  Yelwly, 
"  is  not  a  system  of  expense  or  risk.  Less 
capital  is  necessary  for  it  I  ban  ordinarr  hu^* 
baiidr)',  from  the  smaller  uumlter  of  norses 
and  implements  reuuire<i,  wliile  the  atlvan- 
tages  are  speedily  i  xhihitt d  lu  tendency  ia 
to  diminish  the  i  -  it  raises  the 

amount  of  the   >  meration,  and 

makes  it  depctidtut  vti  »LeMiiy  habits  of  in- 
duatry.  By  tuniing  up  or  iMOBcning  the 
ground  five  or  six  inches  dtie|>er  tlian  tlie 
plough  goes,  there  is  an  op^wrtimity  a^orded 
for  the  dc-  ■     '   •  '       note, 

which  are  >  ii«s 

by  a  liard  iiij'i  muMi  » n-ui  .-u-'^'-ii  ,  .iim  witlk 
regtu'd  to  wb^-ut,  1  have  ubsjcrvtNi  tiuit  the 
1  liiif  til  „(  ill,-  /,«.ts  are  much 
1  in  plottgbed 
I  Mil  of  decom^ 
]jo»<Jd  matter  itUiirUtxl  by  a  »iiceei*i*iou  of  rooty 
iibree,  muat  effi«ct  a  great  iind  ]>t'nnanent  im- 
proveoMBt  in  it»  pnwliictivc  powers." — ^**  By 
the  apade/'  says    anotU^v    ^MxWircv^-^ ,  ^Sia»» 


nimib*n 
more  • 
land  : 


fiSC 


HOUSEHOLD  WOEDa 


rCoaJiMtM  kF 


ground  is  hotter  levelled,  the  seed  more  evenly 
covrred,  and  therefore  moi'e  early  rii>enea^ 
Hfid  ia  not  disturljed  by  horeea'  feet ;  weeda 
are  bt'-tter  extirjjated  by  being  effectually 
buried  or  pulled  up  ;  ana  for  thorough  pul- 
verisation, '  what  ts  equal  to  a  slap  with  the 
bfWjk  of  ft  spade  ?  '  " 

Experience,  however,  tenches  better  than 
tlitHU'v  ;  and  we  learn,  from  various  agricul- 
tural reporta,  and  from  the  parliamentary 
evidence  on  the  Allotment  System,  enough  to 
show  the  value  of  ajHule  huMbundry,  and  its 
Btiperlority  over  the  plough,  for,  of  coune^ 
Broall  holdings. 

*'  Mr,  Fallant  of  Gateshead,  obtained,  by  the 
plougli,  thirty-eight  bushela  of  wheat  per 
acre  ;  by  the  apade,  sixty-  eight  bushels  and  a 
half.  At  Sherborne,  in  Warwit-ksliire,  Frede- 
rick Harris,  a  farm  labourer,  produced,  by 
the  spa<le,  aLiteeu  bushelja  and  a  half  of 
wheat,  in  1&34,  on  one  quarter  of  an  acre, 
l^ingat  the  rate  of  aixty-six  bushels  per  hctc. 
Mr.  Geclney,  of  Eeileidiall,  near  Harleaton, 
holder  of  thret*  hundi*ed  acres,  beginning  vdt}i 
eighteen  acres,  increased  his  spatle  cultivation 
to  fifty  acrea,  encouraged  by  the  luxuriant 
cropa  of  all  kinds  of  which  it  is  the  result ; 
at  a  cost,  for  thorougii  digging,  twelve  inches 
deep,  and  pulverising  the  subsoil,  and  ridging 
it,  of  only  two  jwunds  per  acre.** 

These  authorities  show  that  John  Silleta 
are  by  no  means  agricultumj  phenomena. 
Sir  Henry  Vavasour  instances  a  cottier 
tc'naut  of  his  who  rented  three  acres  of 
huid  ;  his  stock  cnnsiatwl  of  two  cows  and 
two  pigs  ;  he  cultivated  his  land  with  the 
amistance  of  his  wife  and  daughter,  twelve 
years  old,  at  their  over  hours.  They  sub- 
sisted on  their  daily  wiiges  at  other  labour  ; 
paid  their  rent  by  the  sale  of  their  butter 
only ;  and  were  in  the  hitbit  of  saving  thirty 
pounds  a  year  out  of  the  produce  of  the  sale 
of  their  crojw.  Mr,  Howard,  of  Melbourne 
Farm,  had  a  tenant,  who,  at  his  over  houra, 
aided  by  his  family,  cultivated  one  acre  and  a 
quarter,  including  the  site  of  his  cottage  and 
teoces.  The  hind  was  nt  first  ho  poor  that  it 
was  not  considered  worth  live  shillings  an 
acre  rent ;  in  a  few  years*  however,  care  and 
industry  ha«l  improved  it  so  much  that  it 
yielde«l  a  crop  worth  ten  pounrls  seventeen 
shillings.  Thia  poor  man,  hefoi-e  he  had  any 
land,  had  the  greatest  ditKculty  iji  maintaining 
his  wife  and  three  children.  His  ntmily  now 
increased  to  seven  children,  juid  even  his 
health  became  indilierent ;  yet  with  his  acre 
and  a  quarter  of,  originally,  the  poorest  land, 
a  cow,  and  a  pig — and  a  spaile — he  maintained 
ftiid  brought  uj)  his  increased  family  in  com- 
fort, without  requiring  parish  reliet 

The  evidt-nceof  Mr,  .Tuhii  Way  of  Hasketon, 
Suttblk,  introiluees  a  femalel'urmer— a  vigorous 
fepa^leVwoniim  :— "  In  I70f>,  a  tenant  of  mine 
died,  leaving  a  widow  antl  fourteen  children, 
the  r^ldeat  a  girl  under  fourteen.  He  had 
held  under  me  fourteen  acres  of  pasture  land 
at  thirteen  ]x»uudfl  a  year,  and  had  kept  two 


cowa,  which,  with  a  very  Httle  furniture  smd 
clothing,  was  all  the  property.  The  directors 
of  the  nouse  of  industry  imiv'i-f-f"  -  '.-v.^d 
to  take  her  seven  youngest  li© 

house.      She  sairl  she  wouM  -.    in 

working  to  maintain  them  ;  and  that  if  i^  her 
landlord,  would  continue  her  in  the  fartii,  as 
she  callefl  it,  she  would  undei-take  to  maiiit.'uu 
and  bring  up  all  her  fourteen  chihlren  wiihn*iit 
any  parochial  assistance.     She   ]  '^ 

her  resolution  ;   and  being  a  eti  a\ 

about  forty-five  years  old,  I  toi*i  n«  r  sbe 
should  continue  tenant,  and  hold  it  the  fini 
year  rent-free.  At  the  aame  time,  tbotigli 
without  her  knowledge,  I  dir«et«d  my  ttfodwar 
not  to  call  upon  her  at  atl  for  her  rent,  con- 
ceiving  that  it  would  be  a  great  thing  if  she 
could  support  so  large  a  famdy,  even  witb 
that  induVence.'*  Mr.  John  Way  woj*  o«  wise 
as  gooil  ;  fifteen  of  a  family,  perennivdly  in  the 
workhouse,  at  three  shillings  a  h^d,  p^r 
week,  is  one  hundred  and  seventeen  pouuthi 
per  annum,  and  your  share  would  profa«,bly 
come  to  something  over  the  rent.  "  The  reeult, 
however,  was,  that  with  the  l>en*ffit  of  her 
two  cowH,  and  of  the  land,  she  exerted  herself 
so  as  to  bring  un  all  her  children,  twelve  of 
whom  j«he  placed  out  to  service,  continuing  to 
pay  her  rent  regularly  of  her  own  acoord. 
She  carried  pai't  of  the  miUc  of  her  two  cows,, 
together  with  the  cream  and  butler,  every 
day  to  sell  at  Wood  bridge,  two  mUea  off,  and 
with  her  akini  and  butter-milk,  &e.,  supported 
her  family.  The  eldest  girls  took  caitj  of  tb» 
rest ;  and,  by  degrees,  as  they  grew  up,  the 
children  went  into  the  service  of  tlie  nel^^b- 
bourijig  farmers," 

The  muial  and  social  elevation  of  the  poor^ 
to  be  accomplish e<l  by  the  spade  when  eui^ 
ployed  on  aOotmenta,  has  resulted  in  evcary 
instance  in  which  it  has  been  diligently  and  iii« 
dustriously  tried.  Mr.  Bhicker,  the  Irish  agent 
fur  the  Earl  of  Gosford,  a  strong  advocate  for 
the  spade  and  for  small  holdings,  draws  the 
foUow^g  graphic  picture  i — "  I  have  gone," 
he  says,  *' to  see  a  poor  man,  the  tenant  of  leas 
than  four  acres  of  land,  whose  name  and  resU 
deuce  J  can  give,  if  required,  who  was 
threatened  with  an  ejectment,  being,  as  well 
ns  1  recollect,  two  ana  a  half  years  in  arrear, 
I  found  him  sitting  with  his  feet  in  the  ashes 
of  a  half-extinguished  fire,  his  wife  and  five 
children  nearly  naked  ;  want  and  misery  sui*- 
rounding  him  on  every  side — ^liis  hous«  and 
farm  neglected — ^the  fear  of  expulstotj ,  prryiii" 
upon  hia  mind  and  spii-its,  liavih  •.  1 

his  health;  ami  there  he  was  n  ,.■ 

beggarj'and  starvation  impen<hng  ^  ._  if 

iiud  fiimily,  in  a  kind  of  listless  i  ;y 

— in  abort,  the  whole  sceno  vfi\s  oij..  .i  .uiual 
despair,  and  the  man  wa?i  evidently  in  vueb  t^ 
state,  that  he  was  incapable  -if  any  exert idu 
whatever.  As  I  explameii  to  him  th#  pLau 
I  had  in  view  for  his  beu^'fit,  it  waa  ctury 
to  see  the  feelings  with  which  h*»  wns 
agitated ;  with  tears  in  hk  eyea  he  pronused 
to    do    everything  I    requiivd,    tuia    1    l^Q^ 


IM«hBk*.l 


A  SHOKT  C?irr  TO  CAUFOHNIA. 


him  to  seiic!  the  agriculturist  to  point  ont 
t«.  him  what  wns  first  to  be  set  about.  He 
ithfuUy  ni»de  good  liia  en^i^enie^t,  and 
[u\  ^varyihrng  a«  ne  was  dire(.'t**a  ;  and  wheu 
itniips  were  ripe,  I  lent  him,  out  of  the  sum 
'  ceid  at  my  duipcwal  for  that  purpose^  some 
loney  to  buy  a  cow — the  famiW  h»d  pre- 
ioiiftly  lived  on  potatoes  and  salt,  and  for 
iveti  thia  he  vf»s  in  debt.  This  was  hie  com- 
Leuct5ui<£ut ,  aud  iu  the  short  space  of  about 
rhteen  montlm  afterwardt^^  I  fouud  his 
clean  and  comfortable  looking,  and 
fvlace  about  eqaaUy  so ;  in  fact,  I  could 
put  my  foot  upon  a  spot  that  was  not 
ither  in  cri*\*,  or  in  preparation  for  one  ;  and 
le  himself,  with  his  health  i-eatored,  actively 
iployed  in  wheeling  up  earth  in  a  wheel- 
>w  from  the  bottom  to  the  top  of  a  hill 
in  his  liind,  where  the  soil  waa  shallow,  in 
which  his  daughter,  a  fine  stout  little  girl, 
was  helping  him,  pulling  by  a  rope  in  front ; 
and  tht"  whole  mas  a  picture  of  activity  and 
successful  exertion.  He  has  continued  to 
pay  up  all  his  arrears  ;  and  although  his  diet 
and  that  of  his  family  is  of  necessity  at  pre* 
sent  coniitted  almost  excloBively  to  potatoes 
and  milk,  they  are  all  healthy,  happy,  and  con- 
tented. His  rent  ia  four  pounds  ei^ht  shilling 
and  threepence,  which  the  butter  from  his 
eow  will  generally  pay,  leaving  him  his  pig 
and  his  crop,  and  the  produce  of  his  loom  to 
himself.  And  yet  this  is  the  man  who,  upon 
the  saonc  piece  of  land,  and  subject  to  the 
rent,  was  so  lately  upon  the  vei'ge  of 
and  starvation.* 
I06e  of  our  readers  who  desire  to  pur- 
•ue  this  subject,  not  merely  to  prove  a  theory, 
or  to  defend  a  gtieyanoe  from  refiitatiou, 
will  lind  a  maan  of  information  gathered 
from  all  available  sources  in  the  snii'ili  work 
entitled  **  The  Mother  Country ;  or,  the  Spade^ 
the  Wastes,  and  the  Eldest  Sow,"  by  Sidney 
Smitk  The  authontiea  there  quoted  are  not 
amateur  philanthropists^  or  theoi-etical  political 
economists,  but  landowners,  Und  stewards, 
rural  clergymen,  bishops,  ikrmers,  and  pea- 
sants^ who  tfive  chapter  and  verse  for  all  their 
facts^  and  nHri-ati*  tacts  which  not  only  match, 
but  go  beyond,  the  achievements  of  our  "  Ace 
nf  Spades." 

At  this  crisis  of  agricultural  transition, 
ith  fifteen  millionth  of  acres  of  waste  lands  iu 
lese  isUmds  caj>able  of  improvement ;  dunng, 
tDoreover,  the  operation  of  the  Encumbered 
Estates  Bill  in  Ireland,  under  such  a  governor 
■a  the  £arl  of  Clarendon,  the  subject  cannot 
be  too  copiously  illustrated,  or  too  generally 
mTeatigated  __ 

THE  SHORT  CUT  TO  CALIFORNIA. 

MoRB  red   tape!     It  has  been  an  esta- 
lished  notion,  ever  since  the  tlays  of  Cortez, 
a  communication  between  the  Pacific  and 
itic  oceans  would  be  of  m&i  benefit  to 
'Vhole  world.    Since  the  cuscovcry  of  the 
ires  of  California,  the  neceasity  for  a 
ahtp  canal  (as  we  pointed  out  in  an  early 


number  of  this  journal)  >  '  isenl  a  hun- 
dredfold Tlie  mer»?  eii  f  the  pro* 
ject  hiw  Iteen  ppjved  pi;,.,  i.  .l  .,, ,  ni\\\  e»i*y. 
Cash  i»  ready  \o  le^j*  from  the  i^ui'se^  of 
capitalists  in  botli  hemispheres;  and  nothing 
whatever  stands  in  the  way  but — ^retl  tape. 

The  construction  of  the  r!aual,  we  may  remind 
our  readers,  is  in  the  hands  of  the  **  Atlantic 
and  Pacific  Ship  Ciuml  Company,'*  of  New 
York.  This  company,  in  August^  1649,  pur- 
chased of  the  Nicaraguan  Government  ex- 
elusive  rights,  but  is  ready  to  bind  itself  that 
the  canal,  on  completion,  shall  be  thrown  opt  ii, 
on  equal  terms,  to  all  the  world.  The  English 
Government  claims,  in  the  name  of  the  King 
of  Mosquito,  a  part  of  the  river  Sfiu  Jimjt, 
claimed  by  Nicaragua,  together  with  the  p<:»rt 
of  San  Juan,  at  the  Atlantic  end  of  the  |u^> 
posed  canal.  This  claim  has  been  a  source  of 
chnimic  irritation.  When  we  hut  spoke  about 
Central  America  there  arrived,  in  the  same 
week,  intelligence  from  that  quarter  of  unusual 
interest.  Of  course,  according  to  the  local 
corresjrxjndonce,  **  things  were  last  coming  to  a 
crisis.  llie  English  were  block  '■  ^  i 
Salvador  to  enforce  a  chum.     A^  a 

for  the  blockade,  San  Salvador  and  1:....  i ..^ 

under  YasconceloR,  President  of  San  Salvador, 
were  preparing  to  attack  Guatemak  with  an 
army  of  s^.ven  thousand  men,  Guatemala  being 
a  head  quarter  for  "the  English  interest. 
It  was  thought  "  that  this  time  Canera  could 
not  escape.'  A  new  National  Convention 
was  assembling  in  Chineude^  but  **  camiot 
aocompUsh  much,  having  no  faith  in  America." 
Mr.  Chatfield,  the  English  consul,  was  re- 
called, and  all  were  triumphing  at  that.  Lord 
Pnlmenston  wonted  to  annex  San  Juan  to 
Costa  Rica,  The  Ship  Canal  Company  wei^ 
only  playing  at  surveys ;  but  they  were  clearing 
some  rapids  in  the  River  San  Juan,  and  getting 
a  vessel  up  into  the  Lake  of  Nicara^^UA.  Then, 
by  the  last  advice  l»efore  the  startmg  of  that 
mail  came  positive  intelligence,  that  the 
engineers  of  the  Canal  Company  luid  only 
Beemed  to  be  idle  ;  that  under  Mr.  0^*4ir 
W.  ChUd,  their  chief,  who  left  New  York  in 
July  last,  the  corps  of  engineers  had  actually 
completed  four  surveys  ;  that  an  entirely  new 
route  from  Lake  Nicaragua  to  the  Pacific  ha^l 
been  discovered,  and  selected  as  superior  even 
to  the  route  which  would  have  had  its  terminus 
at  Redlejo  ;  that  this  route  was  better,  easier,. 
and  cheaper  than  all  others  ;  and  that  t1u> 
digging  would  commence  directly,  if  not 
already  begun. 

Our  eyes  and  ears  were  quickened  by  these 
tidings,  and  we  looked  with  Interest  for  the 
anival  of  more  special  information  by  another 
mail.  Tlie  next  mail  comes,  and  tells  ua  thnt 
Guatemala  was  not  to  be  aggressed  upon^  but 
wjis  itself  a  conspirator,  with  a  great  deal 
more  of  a  like  incomprehensible  nature.  Mr. 
Chatiield,  seemingly  not  recidled  at  :dl,  had 
written  a  long  letter  about  the  King  of  5Ios- 
quito^s  boundar}',  and  a  claim  on  Nicura^ia 
tor  damage   done  to  somebody,  couclutbug 


608 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


with  a  warnine:  to  tiie  Nicaniguan  Gcvern- 
ment,  tliat  '  while  the  claimfi  of  tlie  British 
rcmaiD  uueettied,  there  is  do  hope  of  a  ship 
caiial."  And  Uiat  is  every  sylliible  we  find 
Not  a  woitl  more  ia  said  of  aunreya  or 
diggings.  The  whole  of  the  great  underlaLking 
is  aetQcd  down  to  negotiatioii  aud  letter' 
wriLlog ;  ami  ib,  in  short,  hopelessly  tied  up 
in  red  tape. 


^  and  ] 

Mr 


A  SPECDklEN  OF  EUSSIAN  JUSTICE. 

AKo:NoeT  the  French  prisoners  taken  at  the 
battle  of  Titebak, during  Napoleon'adisastroas 
retreat  in  R\LStiia,  was  a  French  general,  who 
wits  accompanied  by  his  wife  and  daughter. 
Being  hadly  wounded,  he  wjis  removed  to 
the  military  hospital ;  but  the  Imiiea  were 
received  into  the  private  house  of  Madame 
Strognofj  whose  husl^and  held  at  that  time, 
a  subordinate  appointment  under  the  Russian 
Goveniment. 

A  certain  Botwinko  was  then  Procureur  at 
Vitebak.  Without  the  Pi-ocureur^s  aimction 
nothing  can  be  done  in  his  department ;  for  he 
renreaenta  the  Emperor  himself,  and  is  usually 
called  **  the  eye  of  His  Majesty.**  Hia  aahuy 
is  only  about  twenty- five  pounds  a  year  ;  but 
he  makeji,  uaually,  a  good  income  by  receiving 
bribes.  Amongst  other  duties,  he  had  to 
visit  the  hospitiUs  daily,  and  to  rejwrt  upon  the 
condition  of  the  prisoner  patients,  lie  paid 
gre^t  attention  to  the  unhappy  Genei"al,  who 
rcquii'ed  every  consolation ;  fur,  deapibo  hia 
own  deplorable  condition,  it  was  decreed  that 
he  should  outlive  hia  wife.  That  lady  caucht 
a  coDtagioua  fever,  which  was  raging  at  that 
time  at  Vitebsk,  aud  died  in  a  few  hours. 
This  event  so  distiessed  the  General  that  he 
soon  departe<l  this  world,  mth  the  only  con- 
tolatiou,  that  Procureur  Botwinko,  a  married 
but  childless  man,  would  adopt  hia  dauffhter, 
This  promise  was  actually  fuldlled.  an^  the 
little  orphan  was  taken  from  Madame  Strognof, 
and  establiflhed  under  thu  Procui-eur'a  roof. 
Her  parents*  ipro|>erty — consisting,'  of  a  car- 
riuAe,  horses,  jewellery,  and  no  small  sum  of 
ready  mone}' — was  also  taken  possession  of  by 
Botwinko  in  quality  of  guardian  to  the  little 
orDhan. 

As  the  girl — whom  they  called  "  Sophie  *' 
— grew  up,  ahe  became  very  engaging,  and 
was  kindly  treated  by  ]Vlr,  and  Madame 
Botwinko.  She  never  lost  an  opportimity, 
when  any  visitoi"8  were  in  the  Procureur 's 
house,  of  prabing  her  protectors  for  their 
klDdnesa  to  her  *  and  thiB,  connected  with 
other  circumstances,  contributed  to  the  pro- 
motion of  Mr.  Botwinko  ;  who  obtained  the 
more  profitable  situation  of  Procureur- Geneiul 
at  Vilna,  the  capital  of  Lithuania. 

Kemoval  from  their  old  connections,  and 
from  those  who  knew  all  the  circumstances  of 
little  Sophie's  history^  produced  a  change  in 
the  treatment  of  the  new  Procureu  r-Ukinerai 
and  hia  wife  towaida  the  child.    Tlieir  kind- 


ness rapidly  diminished.  Sopibie  via  ncyt 
allowed  to  appear  in  the  drawiiiff-roamBt  in 
their  new  residence  at  Vilna-  Th»;f  inces- 
santly found  fault  with  her ;  and,  ultimiilely, 
slie  was  not  only  sent  to  th**  kit.cb*?n  under 
the  control  of  the  cook  ;  V  fornix  at 

the  popuUtiou  being  ti  r  sxKmc 

was  'mscribed  on  the  bot.>h..H  :u«  luut  oi  m,  e«rf. 

As  the   poor  girl    grew  up  the    becAoae 
used    to    the    duties    imposed    upon    Uer* 
Associating  constantly  with  the  mrvvatA^  U^ 
considereii  her  their  equaJ,  and  Luiutcd  her 
when — relying  on  her  infantine   i 
she  laid  claim  to  noble  deacent — > 
in  derision  '*  Mademoiaelle  J 
She  knew  full  well  th^t  *^1 
better  tr 
patermn  I 
posing  01  li' 
A  strong    iu 
tion  waa  preov.ivvT.  i.. 
clerk  in  a  government  vi 
times  bi"ought  him  wit  Vi 
for    wgnature.      ^\  i 
gaged  with  his  br<-iki 
the  papers,  this  clerk 


:  i 


of 

dangling  for  houiis  iu  the  antcchambar.  Ailur 
a  time,  these  hours  were  agrt^ftbljr  sfmat  in 
the  society  of  Sophie  ;  to  whom  hit  evoiitwJIy 
made  a  ])ropo8al  of  marriage.  She  conueated  ; 
but,  UD willing  to  leave  her  giiardlaa  like  li 
fugitive,  she  apprised  him  of  her  detemkla*^ 
tiou,  and  humbly  requested  aa  a^ooofti  of  the 
propaity  which  she  had  beoa  iti^Mrmed  lie 
had  taken  charge  of  at  her  parenti^  deaili. 

The  Protiiu'eur-General  at  &it  excaaed 
himself  fiom  giving  her  an  immediate  answer. 
The  next  day  he  presented  hiin?!olf  rtt  the  poliee 
office,  the  whole  of  whose  IV  tra 

under  hiss  control    What  he  jioi 

known  ;   but  the  result  was  that  fcioptiic 
taken  into  custody  by  the  polioa,  mad 
mitted  to  gaol. 

Many  montlia  elapsed  before  her  fate  waa 
known  at  home.  It  was  stateii  that  idie 
absconded.  The  clerk,  banished  the  PWKm- 
reur's  house,  could  not  discover  the  oana^  nf 
the  giiVa  di^ppearuios ;  and  as  all  Bum«mus 
criminal  proccediugs  are  conducted  viLh  gtttti 
secrecy,  he  only  ascertained  by  a  mm  aoei^ 
dent  that  the  girl  had  been  sentenced,  by  a{ 
superior  ooui't,  to  receive  a  certain  uuniMtr 
of  lashes  by  the  knout,  an<l  to  be  miat  to 
Siberia.  The  crime  of  which  they 
her  was  that  of  attempting  to  poisoa  her' 
master  and  mistress. 

Alarmed  at  this  iaformatioii,  the   you&g 
man,  without  waiting  for  mort*  iL'Liricnlutt^, 
addressed  a  netition  to  the  war 
Vilna,  the  old  General  Keraakof ;  > 
in  that  province  was  almost  omni 
if  not  misdirected,  waa  very  often 
the  inhaliitanta.      The   petitioner 
the  Generars  interference  an*i  aa  inv&st)^^ 
tion  of  the  case;  assuc'  jH 

wad  innocent,  and  ihu  .^ 

who  condemned  her  haa  ucko  ^^.i-i  i  ujuvu. 


of 

^d, 
to 

rwiufcited 


C^lraDlefcRU.] 


A  3PBCOIEK  or  RUSSIAN  JUSTICK 


The  <j€occ»1  wm  occnaUmed  lo  decide 
every  cue  tn  uniiiairr.  He  had  r«oeiv«d  from 
tiiQ  poUoe  ooQit  ftn  uni&TotiTftble  opmum  of 

•erib«d  as  "  retftlesB ;""  and  wa«»  moreorer, 
raXber  otfieuded  at  his  autkurity  hnying  be^n 
A|ypeal«d  tfO  by  ft  subonUnste.  He  tk»efore 
Mttled  the  bofimen  sumniarily,  by  aemiiiig 
ihe  yoang  pvlaliooer  to  the  military  atrvioe 
for  life,  it)  Ttrtae  of  the  Tigraat  act* 

Still  the  young  mauV  petition  pvodatsd  a 
^oih]  etfiMZit :  the  poor  firl  wu  not  mttgcd,  lest 
:  lat  might  have  proTDxed  some  diaturance  in 
Ui '  town.  She  waa  merely  dreaaed  in  conTict^s 
apparel  and  aent  off  to  Siberia. 

The  traoaport  of  BtaniaD  conTicta  oaeta 
■the  govenUMOt  but  irery  Little.  They  go  on 
lbot,aleep  isH^pwr  or  faaxracke ;  aud  the  daily 
aUowanoe  for  their  sttbetatenoe  amounts  otdy 
to  five  kopeckjRy  eamai  to  a  halfpenny  in 
English  money.  This  they,  as  well  as  the 
poor  old  Boldien  who  eacoi-t  them^  have  to 
eke  oat  by  eharity.  For  that  piir""^-"'  •^i?^ 
meet  attnMitkv^  penon  amioiigalt  ea*  i  > 

exiles  is  delegated — box  in  hand,  bu ; 
armed  aoldier  behind — to  beg  alma  of  the  bem&- 
;  and  Sophie  waa  appointed  to  be  the 
It  for  the  rest  of  ner  wretched  oom- 

rtiftd  from  Vilna  to  Siberia  paeaea 
igh  Vitebsk.  The  convicts  had  not  been 
in  the  town  belbre  Sophie  encoaniared 
"ognoC  who  reeognieed  the  sirl 
>m  her  v^"*^'  -^^nf  likenem  to  her  wm&r, 
1  lad vV  hooae.  When  she 
illumed  tb:.  :.,  .  j  iiad  been  living  with  the 
Botwinkoi^  ahe  had  no  loi^r  a  doobt 
The  girl  aaaerted  her  innocence  of  the  pre- 
kded  crime  for  which  she  waa  on  her  way  to 
tbcria,  with  tearful  energy,  and  the  good 
8.  believed  her  ;  but  her  hoaMnd, 
i(>who  was  at  that  time  the  Vice-Govanor  of 
Titebsk,  to  diwUwiie  hia  wife'a  rooaautlc 
dreaaiMt  aa  he  ealled  them,  aent  ibr  the  officer 
qauiliu^'  the  priaooeFS  ;  and  showed  her  the 
kiat  of  priaouera^  which  contained  a  full  record, 
asi  only  q£  the  crime  imputed  to  the  oinphan 
Brlf  but  alao  of  the  puniakme&t  to  which  ahe 
had  been  ooodesined. 

In  the  fikie  of  an  official  docnment  which 
amarad  to  be  r^uhov  and  which  detafled  the 
gtrl*»  preaomed  ofeiee  with  ciivumatantial 
eooaiatency,  Madame  Strognof  bepan  to  waver 
in  her  beUe^of  Sophva^s  protestations  ;  bat  the 
uilbrtunate  girl  aaaerted  her  Innocence  bo 
:It  and  inceaaantly,  that  the  Vice* 
)or  himself  waa  at  length  induced  to 
ito  the  facta.  Th»^  ♦"-^  -ii^yndion  tliat 
his  mind  waa  dr>  a  the  cir- 

loe  of  the  doctim>  i  ;/  that  the 

had  been  pumshed  with  me  knout ; 
If  it  WAS  evident  fixfui  her  appearance, 
that  dreadl'ul  torture  had  not  been  in- 
He  caLL»eil  a  medical  man  to  exatnine 
her^  who  t^jstified  that  uot  a  acar  appeared  ; 
yet  the  knout  alwa^-s  leavi»  ineflaceable  traces 
forlile. 


In  coneemieDce  of  this  discrepancy,  Suphi^ 
waa  allowea  to  remiain  for  some  time  at 
Vitebak  under  tlie  plea  of  illnesa ;  whioli, 
at  the  request  of  the  Vice-Govemor,  waa 
readily  certified  by  an  official  sorgeon.  After 
aome  deUy,  a  memorial  was  forwarded  by  the 
unfortunate  auflerer  to  the  late  Emperor 
Alexander,  in  coBaequence  of  which  a  court- 
messonger  was  sent  iaunedifitely  to  Vihin. 
This  gentleman  broua^  back  to*  Ht  Petem- 
burgh  an  enormous  vmume,  containing  the  so- 
called  depositions  taken  at  the  pseudo  trial. 
After  canfid  inspeelion  of  them,  the  Emperor 
decided  that  ihi^  proved  the  legality  of  the 
pfooeediBgn  So  azifuUy  were  these  inflimotis 
aepositions  &amed  ;  that,  among  them,  ap* 
pearsd  the  formula  of  a  chemiou  analytus  ot 
the  poison  which  the  ^1  was  ac<niaeil  of 
administering,  and  a  full  oonfeaaion;  to  whieh 
the  culprit's  signature  was  forged. 

The  answer,  therefore.  '  ■  '  "'  »rtewaa 
not  only  unBtvourable  ;  i  (ies  of 

Vttebek  were  reprimanUv..  .w.  ►^^  v,  ing  the 
girl  to  importone  his  Majesty  without  suffi- 
cient grounds. 

Notwithstanding,  Madame  Strognof  waa 
not  discouraged ;  and,  to  the  great  aUna  of 
her  husband,  hod  another  petition  drawn  up 
and  forwarded  with  a  suitable  meiuorial  to 
the  PrinoesB  Maria  Fedorowna,  the  Emperor's 
mother-,  who  was  kuowu  to  all  the  ctmntry  as 
a  pious  and  charitable  lady.  Tliis  petition, 
vreaented  to  his  Majesty  by  his  own  mother, 
Lad  ao  great  an  inJkienos  over  him,  that  be 
ordered  the  girl  to  be  brought  to  St.  Petecrs- 
bw^  He  felt  ocummoed  that  some  tm< 
accountable  mystery  was   involved    in    the 


In  due  time  Sophie  arrived  at  St.  Peters- 
burgh,  and  underwent  a  rigid  examination. 
She  asseverated  with  the  meat  earnest  truth- 
fulness, that  all  the  depositions  were  fictitious ; 
that  the  chemical  analysis  was  a  wicked  in- 
vention;  and  that  the  signature  to  her  fa- 
bricated eonleanon  was  a  Ibrgery.  She  also 
denied  that  any  trial  had  taken  place,  or  that 
ahe  had  been  examined  in  any  court  what* 
ever.  Upon  this,  die  Smperor  appointed  Mr. 
Oetaewicz,  the  Governor  of  Minsk — who  was 
known  aa  a  most  trustworthy  man — ^to  go 
penonally  to  Yilsa ;  to  investigate  the  case  ; 
and  to  report  the  result.  For  this  purpose 
the  papers  and  the  girl  were  forwarded  back 
to  VUna. 

The  mission  of  Mr.  Getzewicz  was  by  no 
meuis  an  eaay  or  a  pleasant  one  :  he  hjul  to 
contend  with  a  swarm  of  official  insects ;  wkich, 
like  Canadian  mosquitoes  when  disturbed, 
attack  the  new  eomer  ^m  ev^y  side.  How- 
ever, Mr.  Qetaewtcz  stood  his  ground  firmly. 
H9  soon  dJSQOversd  that  the  secretary  of  the 
police  court  who  had  drawn  up  the  depoai' 
tions  was  a  convict,  nentenoed  for  life  to 
Siberia  for  having  been  associated  with 
highway  robbers.  He  had  escaped  and  was 
retained  in  his  situation  by  merely  changing 
hta  christian  name,  and  by  being  r^orted 


**  dead  "  by  Mr.  Botwinko.  The  component* 
of  the  rest  of  the  court  were  no  lesa  eua- 
pictoua.  Tn  Russia,  the  police  and  sheriff's 
courta,  and  even  the  provincial  senate  itself, 
are  the  asylums  for  military  veterans  ;  who, 
during  (heii*  loDg  service^  had  never  been 
trained  up  to  the  law.  The  ftecretaries  draw 
docamenU  for  theni,  which  they  si^ — ^very 
often  without  reading  ;  that  tiisk  bemg  tire- 
some, and   often   locomprehenaible  to  them. 

The  c<^mrt  which  had  promoted  and  con- 
firmed Sophie's  prosecution,  consisted  of 
illiterate,  worn-out  officers,  who  had  no 
■cruplein  committinff  the  Procareur  General 'a 
victim  for  trial  to  the  First  Criminal  Court 
(Sond  Grodoski). 

But  how  was  the  deception  carried  on 
before  the  liigher  tribunals  1  This  would 
puzaile  the  most  ingenious  rascality  to  guess. 
But  Botwinko  was  a  genius  in  his  way  : — he 
actually  brought  before  that  court,  as  well  as 
l>efore  the  highest  criminal  tribunal,  another 
young  woman  ;  who  represented  hei^aelf  to  \m 
the  ^irl  in  question^  and  oonfeased  her  sup- 
poiAed  guilt  with  all  the  desired  particulars. 
The  extraordinarj'  intrigue  was  the  more 
easily  accomplished  from  the  secrecy  with 
which  ciiininal  inveftigations  in  Russia  are 
conducted.  Whenever  the  culprit  acknow- 
ledges liJB  crime,  the  sentence  follows  without 
farther  inquiry ;  and,  the  gaol  being  un  ler  the 
control  of  the  police  ollice,  and  the  judges  of 
UiQ  criminal  courts  not  knowing  the  prisonera 
personally,  they  were  obliged  to  receive  in  this 
instance  the  confessions  of  any  girl  whom 
the  police  thought  proper  to  send  to  them. 

When  the  trial  waa  over,  the  Procureur 
paiii  his  hireling  well,  dismissed  her,  and  drew 
forth  his  victim  from  her  cell ;  substituted 
her  for  the  wretch  who  had  stood  at  the 
Imr,  and  sent  her  to  Siberia,  Villainy,  how- 
ever, l>e  it  ever  so  cunnings  seldom  half  does 
It*  work  of  deception.  If  IMwinko  had  had 
the  whole  sentence  carried  into  effect,  and 
poor  Sophie  knouted,  he  would  not,  perhapa, 
nave  been  discovered  by  his  colleague  at 
Vitebsk  ;  and  he  misht  have  lived  a  respected 
public  officer  to  this  day  ;  for  of  sucn  cha- 
racters does  the  Russian  system  ailmit  the 
proap<?ruu8  existence.  As  it  was,  however, 
on  the  repoi-t  of  Mr.  (Jetzewicz,  Botwinko, 
the  secretary  of  police,  and  many  of  Ids  supe- 
ri<tra,  were  thrown  into  prisun. 

The  end  of  thia  dreadful  story  ia  melancholy ; 
for  in  the  end  guilt  triumphed.  The  Proeureui'- 
Genei*al,  ha\iug  several  partners  in  his  guilty 
practices^  had,  if  one  may  so  abuse  the  ex- 
pression, many  friends.  At  first  the^  tried 
most  ingeniously  to  bribe  Mr.  Getzewicz,  and 
to  induce  hira  to  give  up  further  proceedings  ; 
but,  finding  hira  inflexible,  they  put  a  atop  to  all 
that  business  by  administering  poison  to  the 
unfortuDAte  Sophie.  They  even  tlireatened 
tlie  Governor  of  Minsk  himself,  in  an  anony- 
mous letter,  to  do  the  same  for  him. 

Thai  threat,  it  seems,  produced  the  desired 
effect  on  the  honest  bnt  weak-minded  man. 


Seeing  with  what  desperate  people  he  luul  to 

contend — so  much  so,  that  his  own  life  was  in 

danger — he  aent  his  l^nal  report   to  the  fnt 

that  time)  lingering  Eray>eror  Air  ^ 

request  for  fui-ther  iustrnctiona    1 

time  he  retired  to  hie  own  residence  :ii  .uiukk, 

leaving  the  iUuatrious  VUna  othciak  in  their 

own  prison. 

Shortly  afterwards,  the  Emperor  died  at 
Taganrog.  His  second  brother,  the  present 
Emperor,  Nicholas  L — greeted,  on  his  accea- 
sion  to  the  throne,  with  a  formidable  insurrec- 
tion at  St  Petersburgh,  and  with  alarmiiig 
conspiracies  and  political  intrigues  in  the 
army — had  no  time  to  direct  liis  attention  to 
BO  trifling  an  affair  as  that  of  our  heroine^ 
Political  prisonera  were  to  be  punished  first, 
in  order  to  spread  terror  among  those  who 
were  not  discovered  as  yet.  The  «4ability  erf 
the  throne  would  not  aUow  him  to  jdarrri'thc 
administrative  servants  and  oilier  criminals 
who  never  thought  of  subverting  Romanoff^s 
dynasty.  Hence,  with  the  exception  of  tlx* 
political  offenders,  all  others,  wnoee  actions 
were  pending  in  different  courts  of  justicei, 
but  not  yet  aiijudicated.  were  aomeetied  by 
the  Emperor,  on  the  occasion  of  his  coronation^ 
in  1826,  at  Moscow. 

Thus,  the  Pn3cureur  and  his  associates 
were  released  from  prison,  losing  notliing 
but  their  former  situations.  Tlie  Procureu  r^ 
having  scraped  together  a  fortune  by  lii& 
bribtt  and  graspinga,  did  not  care  much  at' 
becoming  an  independent  gentleman. 

What  necame  of  Sophie  s  lo\'er — the  unil^r- 
tunate  clerk,  who  was  sent  to  the  army,  foif 
his  honest  but  untimely  ap])lication — cajuld 
not  be  leiimt.  He  may  now  think  that  his 
punishment  was  deserved,  and  that  the  jjrirl 
w&a  really  guilty ;  but  it  is  mat^  ihAti 
probable  that  he  will  never  again  interfere  lo 
restrain  the  grossest  injustice. 

And  here  ends  our  melancholy  tale,  vrluch 
the  censorship  of  the  press  in  Ruseut  pre* 
vented  from  ever  before  being  pubhcly  related. 
Corroboration  can,  however,  be  derived  frt^a 
the  inhabitants  of  VHiul,  who  lived    thrre' 
from  1816  to  1826  ;  from  the  archives  cf 
minal  courts  of  that  place,  where  M.  Oet«*-| 
wica's  correspondence  is  preserved  ;  from  tb< 
list  of  all  the  Crown  servants  of  Rusisia,  sent 
every  year  to   the   State  p    -  *  -      of    th#' 
Home   Department  at  St.  ;  gh  ;    in  i 

which, for  1825 and  1826, Pr^......,^  i:i-»twinko^ 

was  reported  to  be  imp-isoned  at  Vtlna  fori 
the  above  case,  and  that  the  8tni{x^y 
Oszmiana  was  acting  in  his  stead  as  *" 
pro  (etJK 


I 


On  tht  29xA  insUmt  will  it  rtadf,  jvier  &a.  eo^ 

THE     SECOND     VOLUME 

"HOUSEHOLD  WORDS* 
ConUiining  from.  XimltT  27  10  Nvm^  fiS,  hath  in^mwu. 


fyhimk0    m  tt^  Ofie*.  So.!*,  WtHlM*^  *w««  K»fVk.4\i»aA.  'r^»»rt>«%*fc»**»x  k%«w%,^^i(««W«»."^ 


"  FamUiar  in  their  MoiUfu  (U  HOUSEHOLD  TFORDS/'— »»**««►.*«. 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 

A    WEEKLY    JOURNAL 
CONDUCTED    BY    CHARLES    DICKENS. 


b%] 


SATURDAY.  MARCH  28,  1851. 


[PklCB  U, 


BILLSTICKING. 

If  I  bad  an  enemjr  whom  I  hated — ^which 
[eaven  forbid  I — and  if  I  knew  of  soraHhing 
lat  sat  heavy  on  hia  conscience,  I  Uiink  1 
rould  intnaduce  that  something  into  a  Post- 
■ELU,  aud  place  a  large  impresaion  in  the 
ds  of  au  active  sticKer.  1  cam  scarcely 
me  a  more  terrible  revenge.  I  should 
mnt  htm,  by  this  means,  night  and  ilay.  I 
not  nieaii  to  »ay  that  I  would  publish  hia 
;ret,  in  retl  letters  two  feet  high^  for  all  the 
►wu  to  read :  1  would  darkly  refer  to  it. 
ah 0 aid  be  Ix'tween  hini,  and  me,  and  the 
•o«ting-Bill.  Say*  for  example,  that,  at  a 
?rtain  period  of  hia  life,  my  enemy  had  surrep- 
y  |K>asea»ed  himaelf  of  a  key.  I  woald 
iib:u'k  my  capital  in  the  k*ck  busineas, 
juduct  that  business  on  the  advertising 
iciple.  In  all  my  placards  and  advertise- 
lenta,  I  wouUl  throw  up  the  line  Skcret 
'^EYS.  Thus,  if  my  enemy  passed  an  unin- 
Lblted  house,  he  would  see  hb  conscience 
glaring  down  on  him  from  the  purapet^i^  and 
?i)ing  up  at  him  fi-oiii  the  cellars.  If  he 
>K  a  dead  wall  in  hi*  walk,  it  would  be 
re  with  reproachea.  If  he  fiought  refuge  in 
—  '  '1HI,  the  {>aiiels  thereof  would  be- 
itzzai^'a  palace  to  him.  If  he  took 
.vild  endeavoxir  to  eacaj)©,  he  would 
le  tiital  words  lurking  under  the  !ux:'hea 
bridges  over  the  Thamea.  If  he  walked 
streets  with  downcast  eyea,  he  would 
jcoil  from  the  very  atones  of  the  pavement, 
Uide  elotpieiit  by  lamp-black  lithograph.  If 
drove  or  roile,  his  way  would  be  blocked 
p,  by  enormous  vans,  each  proclaiming  the 
e  words  over  and  over  ogam  from  its  whole 
ttent  of  sui*face.  Until,  having  gradually 
>wn  thinner  and  paler,  and  liaving  at  last 
)tally  rejected  food,  lie  woiUd  miserably 
•rishj  and  I  should  be  revenged.  This  con- 
luiiion  I  Bhould,  no  doubt^  celebrate  by  laugh- 
g  a  hoarse  laugh  in  three  syllables,  and 
Iding  my  arms  tight  upon  my  chest  Jigree- 
hly  to  most  of  the  examples  of  glutted 
losity  that  I  have  had  an  opportunity  of 
H-ving  in  connexion  with  the  Drama — 
1,  by  the  bye,  as  involving  a  gotnl  deal  of 
--ij>eara  to  me  to  be  occaaionally  con- 
with  the  Drummer, 
foregoing  reflectiona  presented  them- 
to  my  mii^  the  other  day,  as  I  con- 


templated (being  newly  oome  to  London  from 
the  East  Hiding  of  Yorkahire,  on  a  house- 
hunting expeoition  for  next  May),  an  old 
warehouse  which  rotting  paste  and  rotting 
paper  had  brought  down  to  the  coudition  ot 
Ml  old  cheese.  It  would  have  been  impossible 
to  aay,  on  the  most  conscientious  8ur\'e3',  how 
much  of  its  front  was  brick  and  mortar,  and 
how  much  decaying  and  decayed  plaster.  It 
waa  so  thickly  encruat«d  with  fragments  of 
billa,  that  no  ship's  keel  after  a  loug  voyage 
could  be  half  so  foul  AU  traces  of  the  broken 
windows  were  billed  out,  the  doora  were 
billed  acrofia,  the  waterspout  was  billeil  over. 
The  building  waa  shored  up  to  prevent  its 
tumbling  into  the  street ;  and  the  very  beams 
c  rected  against  it,  were  leas  wood  tliau  paat« 
and  paper,  they  hjwl  beei  ao  continually  posted 
and  repofiied.  The  forlofn  dregs  of  old  postera 
so  encumbered  this  Vi'reck,  that  there  was  no 
hold  for  new  poatem,  and  the  stickers  bad 
abandoned  the  place  iu  de^qmir,  except  one  en- 
terprising mim  who  hatl  hoiiited  the  last  mas- 
querade to  a  clear  spot  neAT  the  level  of  the 
8tack  of  chijunies  where  it  waved  and  drooped 
like  a  shattered  fia£.  Below  the  rusty  cellar- 
grating,  crumplea  remnants  of  old  biUa 
torn  down,  rotted  away  in  wasting  heaps  of 
fallen  leaves.  Here  anil  there,  some  of 
the  thick  nnd  of  the  house  hod  peeled  off  in 
stripsi,  and  fluttered  heavUy  down,  Utteriuff 
the  street ;  but,  still,  below  theae  rents  and 
gashes,  layers  of  decomposing  posters  showed 
themselves,  aa  if  they  were  mterminabU-.  I 
thought  the  building  could  never  even  be 
pulled  down,  but  in  one  adhesive  heap  of 
rottenness  and  poster,  Aa  to  getting  in^ — I 
don't  believe  that  if  the  Sleeping  Beauty  and 
her  Court  had  been  ao  biilea  up,  the  youu^^ 
Prince  could  have  done  it. 

Knowing  all  the  poaters  that  were  yet 
legible,  intimately,  and  pondering  on  their 
ubiquitous  nature,  I  was  led  into  the  reflec- 
tions with  which  I  began  tlda  jiaper.  by  con- 
sidering what  an  awful  thing  it  would  be,  ever 
to  have  wronge*! — aay  M.  JDX.LIEN  for  example 
— and  to  have  liis  avenging  name  iu  characters 
of  tire  incessantly  before  my  eyea.  Or  to  have 
iojnred  JSLldamk  TusaauD,  and  undergo  a 
similar  retribution.  Has  anv  man  a  self-re- 
proachful  thought  aaaociatel  with  pills,  or 
ointment  I  What  an  avenging  spirit  to  that 
man   is    pROFsraoR    Hollowat  !     Have    I 


eo^ 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


Mnned  in  oil  f  CABBtrnx  purraes  me.  H«vc 
I  a  «lark  reujeaibitince  asaociateil  with  any 

made  ?     " 
Did  I  CVr 

creature's  liead  I  Thul  htvul  eUu-uiiiiv  Lwiug 
Tut'aaureJ  for  a  wig,  or  that  woi-ae  liemi  which 
waa  bald  before  it  used  the  balwwuj  and 
hirsute  afterwards — enforcititj  the  beuevokut 
moral,  "  Botter  to  be  bald  as  n  Dutch-cheese 
than  comt*  t^*  thia,'* — nudo«*  me.  Have  I 
no  B(\yv  pljicce  in  my  raiDd  which  Mecbi 
touch  •?« — wliicli  N I  COLL  probes— which  no 
|.iPgiH+'  -I  .vii.-lf  iilviiMver  lacerat^PB  ?  Does 
no  '  in  me  thrill  reapon- 

sive  i  words,  as  "  EtfvalentA 

AmbicH, "  or  "  iS  iimbur  One  St.  Paul'**  Chureh- 
yartl"?  Thuni  may  I  enjoy  life,  and  Ini  happ^\ 

Lifting  ui)  my  tyes,  m  I  waa  muaing  to  tniH 
effect,  I  beheld  advancing  towards  rae  (I  was 
then  on  Condiill  near  to  the  Eoyal  Exchange), 
a  solemn  procession  of  three  aJVertiaing  vans, 
of  fij'3t'cla«3  diraenRioua,  each  drawn  by  a  very 
little  lioree.  Aa  the  cavalcade  approached,  I 
was  at  a  los»  to  reconcile  the  cAreleaa  dejiort- 
meut  of  the  drivers  of  these  vehicles,  with  the 
terrific  aJiiitmiicemcuta  they  conducted  thrcmgh 
the  city,  which  J  being  a  auminaiy  of  the  con- 
tenU  of  a  Sviuday  newspaper,  wei^  of  the  nioet 
thiilliug  kind.  KobVjHery,  fire^  murder,  and  the 
ruin  of  the  united  kingdom — t'ach  discharged 
in  a  Hue  by  itself,  like  a  separate  broadside  of 
red-hot  shot — were  among  the  least  of  the 
warnings  addressed  to  an  untliinking  peoph . 
Yet,  the  Ministers  of  Fate  who  drove  the 
awful  cars,  Itaned  forwai'd  with  their  arms 
upon  their  knees  in  a  stat^i  of  extreme  lasai- 
tude,  for  want  of  any  aubjcct  of  interest.  The 
first  man,  whose  hair  I  might  uaturally  have 
expected  to  aee  standing  on  en«l,  scratched  lus 
head — one  of  the  .^^moothest  I  ever  beheld 
— with  profound  indiflerence.  The  second 
whistled.     The  third  yawned. 

PauBing  to  dwell  upon  this  apathy,  it  ap- 
peai-ed  to  Die,  a«  the  fatal  cars  came  by  me, 
that  I  descried  in  the  s^econd  car,  through  the 
porLiit  in  which  the  charioteer  wiia  seated,  a 
ugure  BUotched  upun  tin*  floor.  At  the  same 
time,  1  tUonght  I  smelt  tobacco.  Tlio  latter 
imjiiresaion  jjasaed  quicklr  fi'ora  me ;  the  former 
rfuiaint'd.  Curious  to  know  whether  thia 
pi-ostiate  figure  was  the  one  impressible  man 
of  the  whoh'  capitid  who  had  been  stricken  in- 
sensible by  the  tttrrore  revealed  to  him,  and 
whose  form  had  been  placed  in  the  car  by-  the 
charioteer,  from  motiveai  of  humanity,  I  fol- 
'owed  the  procession.  It  turned  into'liearlen- 
hall-miuket,  and  halted  at  a  publlc-houac. 
Kach  driver  dismounted.  I  then  distinctly 
lie«inl,  proceeding  from  the  second  cai*,  where 
I  bad  dimly  Be«n  the  proatrate  Ibrm,  the 
words : 

"  And  a  pipe  !  " 

The  driver  entering  the  puUic- house  with 
his  fellows,  anpaTL'utly  for  piirpoaea  of  refi-esh- 
munt,  1  could  not  retrain  from  mounting  on 
the  shaft  of  the  second  vehicle,  and  looking  iu 


at  the  portal    I  then  b'^**^^ 
back  upon  the  floor,  on 

■•r  me  !''   v 
luaed  him  i' 
survey  me,     1  found  him  to  be  a 
httle  man  of  about  fifty,  wiih  a 
a  tight  head,  a  bright  eye,  a  mouit  vuui,:,   ;i 
oiiick  speech,  and  a  ready  air.    Ue  bad  aome- 
thing  of  a  snorting  way  with  him. 

He  looked  at  me,  and  I  IcMiked  at  him,  until 

the  driver  displaced  rae  by  !  —  ^;-  - ■-;• 

of  beer,  a  pipe,  and  what  I  ii  < 
"a  screw  '  of  tobacco — nn  l    ,     .       ....    :i_ 
the  nppcfu*ance  of  a  curl-j»aper  L^keD  ntf  the 
barmaid's  he^,  with  the  citrT  in  ll. 

"  1  Iwg  your  pardoD,"  sa; 
moved  jierson  of  the  ch-ivcr 
my  presenting  my  face  at  the  ^K>ru*.i.     *'  liut— 
excuse  my  curiosity,  whJch  I  inlierit  txoni  my 
mother— do  you  live  here  V* 

"That's  good,  too!"  retum^J^  tlM  little 
man,  comj>osediy  laying  aside  a  n!|)c  he  bad 
smoked  out,  and  iilltng  the  pipe  jui$t  brooch ( ' 
to  him* 

*'  Oh,  you  don't  live  hei'e  ; 

Jle  Hlj<x^k  his  hcJMl,  as  he  • 
jjipe  bv  means  of  a  German  tin  i 
replicfl,  "Tliis  is  my  carriiig**.     ^ 
arc  flat,  I  take  a  ride  aonv  ' 
myself.     I  am  the  inventor 

His  pipe  was  now  jdight.  11'  U-a^uk  hi. 
beer  all  at  ouce,  ajid  he  smoked  wul  he  suiikHi 
at  nxo- 

"  U  was  a  great  idea  !"  Hiiid  I. 

"  Not  f*o  Ivwi,"  returned  the  little  uaui,  v»  u 
the  modesty  of  merit. 

"  Might  I  be  permitt.ed  to  ihscribe  yoi 
name  up>on  the  tablets  of  my  memory  V* 
asked, 

"  There's  not  much  odds  in  the  name/ 
tiimed  the  little  man,  "—no  n?inic  partiorrh 
I  am  the  Kin^  of  the  Bill-Stickei 

"  Gtxxi  gracious  ! "  said  I. 

The  monarch  infoi-raed  me,  with  ;i  ^rm  i..-,  ihatl 
he  Imd  never  been  crowutid  or  iitat^lled 

anyjmbliecfM :  ..  K-f    ''v*  "     - 

ably  ackno>v. 

in  right  of  be i!.^  ..  ..-.:.: 

memlx-r  of  '^the  oiJ  scho<i|  ol  i 

He  likewise  gave  me  to  iiiidcrst;!  u 

was  a  Lord  Mayor  of  tli 

genius  was  chiefly  exci v 

of  the  city.    He  made  soiuc  ullu 

an  inferior  potent^ate,  cjdied  **T.i 

but,  I  did  not  un^lerataud  tli. 

was  invested  with   much   ] 

inferred  that  he  deiivetl  hir>  i*uv  n '-u 

peculmriiy   of  gait,  and   that  it  was  of 

uonorary  character, 

"  My  father,"  pm^aued  the  Kinc  of  the*  BiU* 
Stickers,  "was  Engineer,  Bea^Jh',  .uil  Hill- 
Sticker  to  the  parish  of  SL  A  ndrc '  niL " 
in  the  year  one  tliousand  seven  J*  luJ 
eighty.  My  father  stuck  bills  at  ilic  Uiue  of 
the  riots  of  London."* 

*'  You  must  be  acquolntod  with  thu  whol<i 


ll 


BILL-STICKWG. 


908 


ibject  of  bili-«tiokmg,  from  that  tim©  to  th« 

ml !  '•  aaid  I. 
*  Prcttr  wt'll  ao»"  wiw  the  answer. 
^'EjctMi^  rue,'*  ijatd  1  ;  "but  I  am  a  aort  of 

ne«tor " 

Not    Incom^v-tAit  1  "  oricd   Hla   Majeoty^ 
Its!  '  H  pip«  fix>m  his  lips. 

W  ui.ii-iii<.>-  i     f«aid  Hia  Mi\[t)aty. 
**No,  no/*  In«ttirii«<i 

"Gail  7    AasoBcd?    Sewisiv  ?  *    »aid    ilk 
tajestv. 

^  You  miflimderatiiiid  me,"  I  repBed  fiootli- 
rhr,    **  Nnt  thai  aort  of  colltwior  at  nil :  a 

)roffacW* 
"Oh!  if  it^$  onlN 
Ithe  BiU-Stickens,  rr 

baniflhing  the   j^iv^it  lui-tiu-t    uta;    hud 
Idenly  fnlkn   ii]k>u  hiuit  "come    iii    ntid 
ilcoine  !     If  it  had  bevn  Lnocmic,  or  winders, 
I  think  I  should  havp  pitched  you  out  of  tho 
1,  upon  my  soul  I  '* 
idily  comiilyin^:  with  the  inrttution^  I 
it»4l   inyBelf  in  at   the  email    aperttins. 
Iftjtsty,  g^a*jioualy  handing  m©  a  little 
_    ^*^JJ6*^^*  irtool  00  which  I  took  my  seat 
a  comer,  inquired  if  I  smokt^l  f 
I  do  ; — that  is,  I  can/*  1  aiwwen?d. 
Pipe  anil  .i  ;>rp.*w  !  '*  said  llis  M;ij^ty  to 
te  atteudaut  uharioteer.    "* Do  you  prefer  a 


'ices   most 
d 


f"«e**M 


te  at 
ite^l 

B.I 


tu< 

ull 


to  couc-eiia  Ui  lutt  the  privilege  ol  payiug 
}r  it.     After  enime  delit^nte  rolnctanco  on  his 
W€  wei*e  provi  "  "     r]»ti  instni- 

lentality  of  the  att  ■  r,  witti  a 

of   oold   rum-iHiU'wmer,  iirivoured   with 
and  lenioiu    We  wfffe  ak«  furnirfied 
a  tumbler,  and  I  w-^  <n.^..„;.^^]  ^fth  a 
tpe.     His  Majtaty,  thei:  l;  that  w» 

itgiit  combine  business  ..  uVYjrsiition, 
ive  the  word  for  the  car  to  proceed  ;  anri,  to 
ly  great  delight,  w«  jogj;fed  away  ai  a  foot 

I  say  to  my  ^neat  d<?light,  becsose  I  am 
fond  of  D< '^ 
to  be  Job 
ity  in  iLn 
re  sky,  - 


\  \t  was  a  new  senaa- 
h  th*  tnrauit  of  the 


•a  the  Tonjjde"a 

i^vL^JJl  bv  •  ..fill  L-.lim-r  1  h:in 

w€  irrit 
ijbut,  <t 
id  disturbed  not  the  »eremiy 
it.     Aa  I  looked  upward. 

like  the  Astr*>nomer  Itoyal.     i  vra^s 
it4?d  by  til*?  cntitrast  li«twe<?n  the  fr*?<i/iT!i.» 
iial  missiou  '     '  ' 

J  the  ntf 

[is  Majfestyj  reciining  eaaity  on  his  left 


smoked  hU  pipe  aud  drank  hi^  t^im-and- 
wnt^er  fi'om  his  own  aide  of  the  tumbler,  which 
stood  inipartiaUy  h«tw«eti  u&,  At^  I  looked 
down  frotu  the  clouds  and  caught  his  royal 
eye,  he  nndersti>o<l  my  reflecM  iotm.  '*  I  hane 
an  idea^**  he  observe*!,  with  nu  upward 
gkoce,  "  of  tminiug  8c;i  "  its  acrom  in 

Uie  season, — making  a  u  — aud  wm^ 

times  taking  tea  inlJie  isauuc,  turt-^rding  to  the 
aoug-"" 

1  nodded  approval. 

**  And  here  you  repose  and  think  ?"  said  I. 

"And  tJiiuk,"  eaid  he;  '^of  postern— walls 
— and  hoardings/' 

We  were  both  silent,  eontemplatiitg  the 

lufMB  of  the  subject      I   ronieinl^ei-ed   a 

prising  fimcy  of  dear  Thomas  Moud's,  and 

wonderocT  whether  this  monarch  evei'  sighed 

to  repair  to  the  great  wall  of  China,  and  stick 

bills  all  oref  it. 

**And  so,"  said  he,  rousing  Inmsolf,  *^it'8 
facts  as  yo^  coUeei.  ? " 

"  Facti.,"  said  I. 

"The  fects  of  bill^tieking,"  pumued  His 
Majesty,  in  a  benignant  manner,  ^aa  known 
to  myself,  air  as  folio wuig.  When  my  father 
was  Engineer,  Beadle,  and  Bill-Bticker  to 
the  pariali  of  St.  AndreVs.  Holborn,  he  em* 
plo^^ed  women  to  post  bills  for  him.  He 
employed  women  to  post  bills  at  the  time  of 
^'  '      '   '       '  li.     He  died  at  the  age  of 

itiil  was  buried  by  the 
luwood,  over  in  the  Water- 


« 


I    v,d  speech, 
livatly.    Bin 
l>(>cket,  proc(  ' 
pour  out  the  t- 
"  •  The  bil]^ 
•^lanmtiong  an- 


I'  wlirtt   ill  the   nature  of  a 

e  aud 

la  his 

eas,  to 

]  L»n : — 

:L.aperiud  mij:-,Liy  pro- 

ou*,  aud  which  were 


only  a  demy  siZ"^,  me  manner  of  posting  the 
bills  (oa  they  did  not   use  brushes)  wm  by 
"^- " '"  >f  n  piece  of  wood  whi"'   '^■'•'  '"died  a 
Thus  things  coil  I  such 

-.L.    ,™  •lie  .^(/iio Txrttery  was ^  .     '1  then 

the  printer  '  _  ii  to  print  larger  bills,  aud 
men  were  ^-juj-i  ^tl  instead  of  women,  ha  the 
State  Lottery  (  iifTii  ^ionera  then  b'*gan  to 
send  men  all  ov  [  1  ji-Lind  to  po«<t  bil&,  and 
would  keep  them  out  for  six  or  eight  months 
at  a  time,  aud  they  wei^  called  by  the  Loudon 
bilbstiek  1  iittrt,*   their   wai'L-s   at  ths 

time  i>ei[i  ! lings  jwr  day.  bt«idea  ex- 

penses,    i  (i;^  u-^' vl  Bometimc^  ^  -..,.] 

in  large  towns  fur  tire  or  six  i  s , 

•  I'-tributing  th->  *<*li»'"u  V   r.-,  u 

town.     A\  I* 

wood-blo,  1^ 

I  thbr<?  lire  ut  the  present  tun  i- 

il  printers,  at  that  lime,  of  ]»  \a 

bt;ing  Messrs.  Bvans  and  Huffy,   oi"  liuiicje- 

mw ;    ThorrenwhcnofMl   and    Wlutinjj,    of   the 

'    ^ '    >»ra.  Oye   aud   Balne, 

y.     The  largest  bills 

It    LUMv    jwrnai   were    a    iwo-sheet 

rown  ;   and  when  they  commenced 


604 


HOUSEHOLD  WOBDS. 


(C««4m9U4% 


t 


|»rmttiLg  four-Bliet5t  bills,  two  bill-atickera 
would  work  together.  They  had  no  settled 
wages  per  week,  but  had  a  fixed  price  for  their 
work,  and  the  Ix>ndoii  biU-fitickera,  during  a 
lotteiy  week,  have  been  known  to  earn,  each 
eight  or  nine  potmda  per  week^  till  the  day  of 
drawing  ;  likewise  the  men  who  carried  lx)ardfl 
in  the  street  used  to  have  one  pound  per  week, 
and  the  bill-atickera  at  tliat  time  would  not 
allow  any  one  to  wilfully  cover  or  destroy 
theii*  bilL,  A3  they  had  a  society  amongst 
themselves,  and  verj'  frequently  dined  tog^v 
ther  at  some  publiohouae  where  they  used  to 
go  of  an  eveuinc  to  have  their  work  delivered 
out  untoe  Viu.' 

All  thia  Hid  Majesty  delivered  in  a  gallant 
manner ;  posting  it,  as  it  were,  before  me,  in 
»  great  proclamation.  I  took  adviuitage  of 
the  pause  he  now  made,  to  inquire  what  a 
*'  two- sheet  double  crown  "  might  express  ] 

'*  A  two  sheet  double  cto\\t],"  replied  the 
King,  "ia  a  bill  thirty-nine  inches  wide  by 
thirty  inches  high." 

**  la  it  poseible,"  said  I,  my  mind  reverting 
to  the  gigantic  admonitions  we  were  then  dis- 
playing to  the  multitude — which  were  as  in- 
fants to  some  of  the  postmg-biUa  on  the  rotten 
old  warehoutse — **  that  some  few  years  ago  the 
largest  bill  was  no  larger  than  that  ? " 

"The  fact,"  returned  the  King,  "is  un- 
doubtedly BO."  Here  he  instantly  rushed 
again  into  the  scroll. 

^* '  Since  the  abolishing  of  the  State  Lottery 
all  that  good  feeling  has  gone,  and  nothing 
but  jealousy  existe,  through  the  rivalry  of 
each  other.  Several  bill-sticking  compfinies 
have  started,  but  have  failed.  The  first  iuMty 
that  started  a  company  was  twelve  year  ago  ; 
hut  what  was  Icll  of  the  old  school  and  their 
ilepeudenta  joined  together  and  opposed  them. 
And  for  some  time  we  were  quiet  again,  till 
a  printer  of  Hatton  Garden  furmcd  a  company 
by  hiring  the  Bidea  of  houses ;  but  he  was 
not  supported  by  the  public,  and  he  left  his 
wooden  frames  fixed  up  for  rent.  The  last 
company  that  stalled,  took  advimtage  of  the 
New  Police  Act,  and  hireii  of  Messrs.  Grisell 
and  Peto  the  hoarding  of  Trafalgar  Square, 
and  established  a  bill-sticking  office  in  Uursi- 
tor-street,  Chance rj^-lane,  and  engaged  some 
of  the  new  biU-stickci's  to  do  their  work,  and 
for  ft  time  got  the  half  of  all  our  work,  iind 
with  such  spirit  did  they  carry  on  theii-  oppo- 
sition towards  us,  that  they  used  to  give  us  in  ' 
chtti-ge  before  the  magistrate,  and  get  us  tined ;  ^ 
but  tliey  found  it  so  expensive,  that  they  could 
not  keep  it  up,  for  they  were  always  emplo^-ing  | 
a  lut  of  mffians  from  the  Seven  Dials  to  | 
come  and  fight  us;  and  on  one  occasion  the  old 
bill-stickers  went  to  Trafalgar  Skjuare  to  at- 
tempt to  ]jost  bills,  when  tuey  were  given  in 
custody  by  the  watchman  in  their  employ, 
and  lined  at  Queen  Square  five  pounds,  as  they 
would  not  aUow  any  of  us  to  speak  in  the 
office ;  but  when  they  were  gone,  we  Imd  an 
interview  with  the  ma^fiiitrate,  who  mitigated 
the  fine  to  fifteen  shiUmgs.    Dui-ing  the  time 


the  men  were  waiting  for  the  fine,  thi* 
company  staiiied  off  to  a  public-house  that 
we  were  in  the  habit  of  using,  and  waited  for 
us  coming  back,  where  a  fighting  scene  took 
place  that  beggars  description.  Shortly  after 
this,  the  principal  one  day  came  and  shook 
hands  witii  us,  and  acknowledged  that  he  haxl 
broken  up  tlie  company,  and  that  he  himself 
bad  lost  five  hmaared  pound  in  trying  to 
overthrow  us.  We  then  took  possession  of 
the  hoal^iing  in  Trafalgar  Square  ;  bat  Meaftrs, 
Griaell  and  Peto  would  not  allow  iis  to  pcwst 
our  bills  on  the  said  hoarding  without  paying 
them— and  from  first  to  last  we  paid  upwards 
of  two  hundred  pounds  for  that  hoai-ding,  and 
likewise  the  hoarding  of  the  Beform  Club- 
house, Pall  MalL'" 

His  Majesty,  being  now  completely  out  of 
breath,  hud  down  his  scroll  (which  he  ap- 
peared to  have  finished),  puffed  at  his  pij)«y 
and  took  some  rum-and -water.  I  embraeed 
the  opportunity  of  asking  how  many  divi!%ion» 
the  art  and  mystery  of  biU-stickin  / 
He  replied,  three — auctioneers*  i 
theatrical  bill-sticking,  general  biii-?.M   K^ii^ 

^'  The  auctioneei-s'  porters,"  said  the  King, 
"  who  do  their  bill -sticking,  are  montly  re- 
spectable and  intelligent,  and  geiieraUy  well 
paid  f*.»r  their  work,  whether  in  town  or 
country.  The  price  paid  by  the  principal 
auctioneers  for  country  work,  is  nine  shillinga 
per  day ;  that  is,  seven  shillinga  for  dava 
work,  tnie  shilling  for  lodging,  and  one  for 
poiste.  Town  work  is  five  shillings  a  day^ 
mcluding  paste.*^ 

*'  Town  work  must  be  rather  hot-work,** 
said  I,  "  if  there  be  mAoy  of  those  fighting 
scenes  that  beggar  description,  among  tbe  biS 
stickers  ? " 

'  Well,"  replied  the  King,  "  I  an't  &  stranOT-, 
I  assure  you,  to  black  eyes ;  a  bill-^.icker 
ought  to  know  how  to  hamlln  his  fists  a  bit. 
As  to  that  row  I  have  mentioned,  that  grew 
out  of  competition,  conductetl  in  an  uncouipro- 
misiug  spirit.  Besides  a  man  in  a  hor.sc>-and' 
shay  continually  following  us  tibout,  the 
comixuiy  had  a  watchman  on  duty,  night  ai]4 
day,  to  prevent  us  sticking  bills  up^ju  the 
hoarding  in  Trafalgar  Square.  We  ^W€*iit 
there,  early  one  momiui;,  to  stick  bills  and 
to  black-wash  their  bills  if  we  weit*  iuterfervd 
\nth.  We  ieere  interfered  with,  and  I  gave 
the  word  for  laving  on  the  wash.  It  was  Uid 
on— pretty  brisk — and  we  were  all  taken  to 
Queen  Square  :  but  they  couldn't  fine  *n€^  / 
knew  that," — ^with  a  bright  smile — *'  I  'd  only 
given  directions — I  was  only  the  GeneraL" 

Chai-med  with  this  monarch's  aflTability^  X 
inquired  if  he  had  ever  hired  a  hoardiog 
himself. 

"  Hired  a  large  one,"  he  replied,  "  oppoeitii 
the  Lyceum  Theatre,  when  the  buiiM-  ■--  tvnn 


em 


there.  Paid  thirty  pound  for  it  ; 
on  it,  and  called  it   'Tiu-    l^xt.  i  j'^'*- 

Himging  Station,'    But  i  -*'or.  Abl** 

said  Hia  Majesty  thou^  -^   he    iilled 

the  glaaa,  "  ^U-stickera  hitve  u  deal  to 


BILLSTICKING. 


60ft 


with.    The  l>iM-«tickitig  claua*3  waa  got 

the  Police  Act  by  a   member  r.f  j\arlm- 

that  eiuployeil  me  at  his  election.    The 

inse  13  pretty  atitf  re«pectiDg  where  bilb  go ; 

■  *  didn't  mind  where  his  bills  went.  It 
right  enough,  so  long  u  they  was  his 

Fearfiil  that  I  observed  a  ahadow  of  mia- 
ftnthropy  on  the  King's  cheerful  fiice,  I  a&ked 
"  rbose  incenious  invention  that  wae,  which  I 
itly  .'lauiired,  of  sticking  bills  under  the 

:he8  of  the  bridgeB. 
Mine  !  '*  sadd  His  Majesty, "  I  wm  the  first 

it  ever  stuck  a  bill  under  a  bridge  !  Imi- 
)r8  soon  rose  up,  of  course.^When  don*t 
ley  t  But  they  stuck  *em  at  low-water,  and 
le  tide  came  and  swept  the  bills  dean  away. 

knew  that  I "    The  King  laughed. 

"  What  may  be  the  name  of  that  instru- 
ment^ like  sax  immense  fishing-rod,"  I  in- 
quired, *'  with  which  bills  are  posted  on  high 
pUces?" 

"  ITie  jointa,y  returned  His  Majesty.  "  Now 
we  iise  the  joints  where  formerly  we  usea 
ladders — as  they  do  still  in  country  phiccs. 
Once,  when  Madame"  nTeatrta,  understood) 
**  wis  playing  in  Liverpool,  another  bill-sticker 
mod  me  were  at  it  tor^t'ther  on  the  wall  out* 
side  the  Clarence  Dock^ — me  with  the  joints — 
him  on  a  ladder.  Lord  !  I  had  my  bill  up, 
right  over  his  head,  }^ards  above  him,  ladder 
and  all,  while  he  was  crawling  to  his  work. 
The  people  going  in  and  out  of  the  docks, 
tioocl  and  laughed  ! — It  *&  about  thirty  years 


the  joints  come  in, 

"  Are  there  any  bill-stickers  who  can^t 
read  I"  I  took  the  lil»erty  of  inquiring. 

"  Some,'*  said  the  King.  ^  But  they  know 
which  is  the  right  side  np^ards  of  theu'  work. 
They  keep  it  aa  it  "s  given  out  to  'era,  I  have 
seen  a  bill  or  so  stuck  wrong  side  up'ards.  But 
it  a  ver\^  itire," 

Our  discourse  sustained  some  interruption 
at  this  point,  by  the  procession  of  cars  occa- 
Zoning  a  stoppage  of  about  three  quarters  of 
A  mite  in  len^fth,  as  nearly  as  I  could  judge. 
Hia  Majestyj  however,  entreating  me  not  to  be 
diflcomposed  by  the  contingent  uproar,  smoked 
with  great  plaicidityj  and  surveyed  the  firma- 
ment. 

When  we  were  again  in  motion,  I  begged  to 
be  informed  what  was  the  lai^gest  poster  His 
Majesty  had  ever  seen.  The  Kmg  replied,  **  A 
thirty-six  sheiet  poster/*  I  fathered,  also, 
that  there  were  about  a  hundred  and  fifty 
bill-slickers  in  London,  and  that  His  Majesty 
considered  an  average  hand  equal  to  the 
posting  of  one  hundred  bUls  (single  sheets) 
m  a  day.  The  King  xink&  of  opinion,  that, 
although  posters  hsM  much  increased  in 
aize,  they  had  not  increased  in  number ; 
as  the  abolition  of  the  State  Lotteries  had 
occasloued  a  great  falling  off,  especially 
in  the  country.  Over  and  above  which 
;hange,  1  bethought  myself  that  the  custom 
of  advertising  in  newiB^pers  had  greatly 
uureMed.    The  oompUtion  of  many  London 


improvements,  as  Trafi*'  r-e    (I    par^ 

tioularly    observed    th*  ry   of    Hia 

Majesty**  calUng  that  uu  iiuiuvMement),  the 
Royal  Exchange,  &c.,  had  of  late  years  rei 
duced  the  numoer  of  advantage* »ih  fH^siiimr- 
nlaces.     Bill-stickers  at  present  i 
nned  themselves  to  districts,  than  ti  >i  r 

descriptions  of  work.  One  man  would  sstrike 
over  Whitechapel ;  another  would  take  round 
Houndsditch,  Shoreditch,  and  the  City  Ri>ad  ; 
one  (the  King  said)  would  stick  to  the  Surrey 
aide ;  another  would  make  a  beat  of  the  West- 
end, 

His  Majesty  remarked,  with  son i^^  -.,^...„-fj 
to  severity,  on  the  neglect  of  delicac 
gradually  introduced  into  the  tru..  .  ,  J.im 
new  school :  a  profligate  and  inferior  i*ace  of 
impostors  who  t<xtk  jobs  at  almost  any  price, 
to  the  detriment  of  the  old  school,  and  the 
confusion  of  their  own  misguided  employers. 
He  considered  that  the  trade  was  ovenlone 
with  competition,  and  observed,  sneaking  of 
his  subjecU,  "  There  are  too  many  of  'em."  He 
believed,  still,  that  things  were  a  little  better 
than  they  had  been  ;  adducing,  as  a  proof, 
the  fact  that  particular  posting  places  were 
now  reserved,  by  common  consent,  for  particu- 
lar postem  ;  those  places,  however,  must  be 
regularly  occupied  by  those  posters^  or,  they 
lapsed  and  fell  into  other  nanda.  It  was 
of  no  use  giving  a  man  a  Drury  Lane  bill 
this  week  and  not  next  Where  was  it  to  go  ? 
He  was  of  opinion  that  going  to  the  expense 
of  putting  up  your  own  board  on  which  your 
sticker  could  display  your  own  bills,  was  the 
only  complete  way  of  posting  yourself  at  the 
present  time  ;  but,  even  to  effect  this,  on  pay- 
ment of  a  shilling  a  week  to  the  keepers  of 
steamboat  piers  and  other  such  j>kces,  you 
must  be  able,  besides,  to  give  orders  for 
theatre*  and  public  exhibitions,  or  you  would 
be  sure  to  be  cut  out  by  somebody.  His 
Majesty  regarded  the  passion  for  orders,  aa 
one  ox  the  most  inappeaseable  appetites  cf 
human  nature.  If  there  were  a  building,  or  if 
there  were  repairs,  going  on,  anywhere,  you 
could  generally  stand  something  and  make  it 
right  with  the  foreman  of  the  works ;  but, 
omera  would  be  expected  from  vou,  and  the 
man  who  could  give  the  most  orders  was  the 
man  who  would  come  offbeat  There  was  this 
other  objectionable  point,  in  orders,  that  work- 
men  sola  them  for  drink,  and  often  s^ild  them 
to  persons  who  were  likewise  troubled  with  the 
weakness  of  thirst :  which  hnl  (His  Majesty 
said)  to  the  presentation  of  your  oixlers  at 
Theatre  doovB.  by  individuals  who  were  *'  too 
shakery"  to  derive  inteHectual  profit  from 
the  entertainments,  and  whobrougnt  a  gcand.il 
on  you.  Finally,  His  Majesty  said  that  you 
could  hardly  put  too  little  in  a  poster  ;  what 
you  wanted,  was,  two  or  three  good  catch- 
lines  fur  the  eye  to  rest  on — then,  leave  it 
alone — and  there  you  were  ! 

These  are  the  minutes  of  my  conversation 
with  His  Majesty,  as  I  noted  them  down  shortly 
afterwards.    I  am  not  aware  that  I  have  been 


606 


HOUaEHOUt*  WOllDS. 


betrayed  into  oiiy  nlieraiioD  or  Buppreaaion. 
The  tiiAtmer  of  the  King  was  frank  in  the 
e&tr«ine ;  and  ho  ^u^iued  to  m£*  to  avoid,  at 
oaco  thttt  slight  tenUeocy  to  rt^p-tiUou  which 
luav  liave  been  obaerved  in  lh«  couTenuitlau 
of  ^tifl  Majesty  King  George  the  Third.  And 
UiAt  slight  uuder-curreut  of  et^otiam  which 
the  ■      ot  in 

th.. 

1  ■     .--,.,  that  it 

wtu^  *l   the  dialogue. 

At  ,  i     ihe  subject  of  a 

rein  ucal  dcJtision  ;  the  Ifga  of  my 

atoo  to  nie  to  douMe  up  ;  the  car  to 

Bpiu  I  uund  «ind  rouud  wttlt  crcat  \-iolence ;  and 
a  mist  to  arise  bi^tw^eu  niviself  and  Hi&  Majesty. 
Ill  odtUtioit  to  these  seiLRfitiona,  I  felt  ex- 
tremely uiiwell.  I  refer  these  unplctuiafit 
eff'X'it**,  either  to  the  paste  with  which  the 
posters  were  oflixtd  to  tiie  van  :  which  umy 
have  contained  some  smull  ywrtiou  of  araeuic  ; 
or,  to  the  printers  ink^  which  may  have  con- 
tained eom<:  equidly  debterious  ingredieiit. 
Of  this,  I  cauuot  be  aure,  I  am  only  sure 
that  I  was  notaJQfected,  either  by  the  smoke,  or 
the  rum-and- water.  I  was  aaaiated  out  of  the 
vehicle,  in  a  state  of  mind  which  I  have  only 
experienced  in  two  other  places — I  allude  to 
the  Pier  at  Dover,  and  to  tlie  corresponding 
portion  of  the  town  of  Ctiiaifl— and  aat  upon  a 
doorstep  nntil  I  recovered.  The  prooew^ioii 
had  then  disanpeared.  I  have  tince  looked 
anxiotinly  for  tlie  King  in  several  other  oars, 
bat  I  have  not  yet  had  tlu)  hAppiue«i^  of  see- 
ing Hia  Majealy, 


It 


«T0  CLERCYTHEN  IN  DIFFICULTIES.'' 

Tub  faraiiy  of  the  Eeverend  Camiichael 
Crample,  fjerpetiml  curate  of  Crookenden, 
Hunts,  is  sejited  at  bieakfast,  Mrs,  Crample 
i«  blaniily  declining  the  voquf.wt  of  Master 
Shirley  Crample  for  more  sugar  to  hin  milk- 
and- water  ;  Misa  Crample  is  reading  the  day- 
old  copy  of  the  "  Timea/*  which  tl»e  vicar  is  so 
^ood  aa  U)  send  re^laily :  and  Uim  Emilia 
Crample  Lb  spreading  butter  over  Master 
Charles  Jamea  Crample*e  brertd,  with  fairy- 
like thinneaa ;  the  revei-end  head  of  the 
family  noticea  though  the  glaaa  door  leading 
upon  the  kwn,  tlie  apprcweh  of  a  figure, 
which  j^ives  him  aore  discmietude. 

"  It  is  only  poor  Mr.  filicer,  my  '  -  '  -^ 
Mrs.  Crample.     *'  He  ia  very  civila  ; 

for  his  is  only  a  brihuiee  siuce  last  i  ...  ,.,.,.„^> 
— it  ia  a  call  from  Mi'.  Flumley  which  I  dread 
mo^  ;  for  /tf  hfi8  hjui  no  money  from  ua  aince 
thia  time  twelvemonth." 

Mr.  Sheer  is  shown  into  the  study ;  to  which 
the  reverend  gentleman, humbled  and  abashed, 
creeps  tinwiJUngly  fi*om  the  parlour.  The 
butcher,  etjually  embarraaaed,  atammera 
out  something  ab»iut  having  a  hirge  bill 
to  meet  on  Thursilay  ;  and," if  qnile  con* 
venieut---well,  be  hopes  Mr.  Crample  will 
oblige  him  with   at  least  aometlilng  ou  ac- 


count. The  clerevmaii  pleadfi  p«  vi  rt  v.  an.!  b^i 
a  little  tinu*.     Sfioer  )m»  tie'  ^j 

moru  ;  but,  brufihiu^  hia  h^  .iy 

with  luB  deeve,  truata  Mr.  Ct.vnj>U^  won'L  i 
get  him  as  «>on  as 

"  Mr.   Plumlej,    sir  !  '^  ttiya  the    aervAul^ 
annoimciug  the  grocer;    of  wlio»e   viaita,tt0CL 
Mit..  Cr       -'      '-:  '      -^'   -     ^    1    ■       ■  ■       ' 
siona.  ^^i 

hia  hat  Uj.  v-  ..  .  . 
it  to  ita  prop*!'  use, 

"  It'fl  o"  n<j  use, .«    . 
Air.  Ci-arapio  has  swittiy,  bin 
the  study  door.   "  It's  o'  no  ^ 
more  about  it.     I  owe  a  dut>  U»  • 
iamily^  and  I  owe  a  sum  of  mone\ 
and  Co.,  my  wholeude  house,     'tl 
worrita  my  life  out,     I'm  a  fMw^i 
an  uncomm*  n  i  ' ' 

"  So  am  I. 

*'WelV"   1^.1—   ^•.-  ^^ 
tithea  a  com  lug  iti,  sir,  bv 

ahould  wvy  I  waa  net  ii  \>  :  ^ 

what  I  should  aay,  an  Winr 

they  tell  me  tlie  tithes  s  woria 

aeveo — teen  hundred  a  jeai /' 

"The  ifrmt  titiies,"  replies  Mr,  Orfimp^j, 
with  eagemcsa  ;  **but,  <  ruy 

priucipfd,  Uie  Reverenii  obc 

are  only  the  amall  titli^-,  ivm  <>u 

they  do  not  amount  to  o»u*.  huv  tr. 

The  additional  comuleraent  1  rwivL    ii^m 
the  ricar  is  very  small/* 

These  mild  BtMHTnpnts  luivi-  ihn  .  fTUi^t  ^ 
diverting  ^Ii\  Phil  I  -,iA 

to  the  vieai' ;  of  v  .-^  j^ 

p,arochial  man  (Mr,  Plum  ley  is  '~»i<ieaiiMui** 
for  thits  year),  lias  scarcely  before  Jicjuxl.  Pre* 
•ently  he  breaks  out  int<>  a  tttronj^'  expruaM<»(i 
of  the  '^  shame "'  it  ia  that  the  man  vthu 
does  all  the  work  uhouhl  have  to  litUe  oTl 
the  pay. 

"I   bej?   yon  will    r^    " 
doctor  is  unkind  or  umt 
timid  cural-e  :  "  for  iiia 
'  Times '   newsp.iper    < 

that,  merely  on  conditii  -^U, 

by  every  mail  to  hia  cousin  m  liuiia.  ' 

"  Kind  you  call  it !  It  don't  heip  V( 
pay  your  butcher,  or,"  adda  the  shvpl 
vkith  emphasia,  -*  or  your  groeer  i " 

"  Why  no,"  continuea  th»      ' 
am  indeed  most  grieved  th: 
meet  your  demand  ;  but,  En  ■  i 
and  a  disappcdntment  Jane  ha    li 
aaituati""  -  ^  — >"."-i..-a  J.^v    ►  ^^  . 

still  I  •'  i^ 

about  to  ,1  ^--       -Hn 

him  that  he  ought  not  to  lead  tii»er«dt|ar 
astray. 

The  despondent  manner  in  which  be  di^^|iB 
his  voicCj  touches  PluLniley's  hf*ftH.  Prttmloy 
feels  he  has  been  blunt.  ^<x 

lowers  his  voiee ;   he  *id 

anvT  ■        '     itftil   to   *^  iit 

Gar  i  Co.'s-trii  <it 


rot* 


TO  CLERGYMEN  IN  DU'FICU  LTIES/' 


607 


md«?r,  "  tliat  If  yoii  IihiI  it  yon  M  j>ay  il  *,  but 
rliAt  I  luiv,  w  thm  , — il*8  a  buruing   shame 
•'      n't.  got  it!*' 
H  eiiteivd   tjjc  house  with  the 


heu  (lorit-  to  go  tjiit^  he  caiiuot  l(x>k   the 

Jt  m  the  Ikce  without  saying,  *'  Well, 

y  Aiuiv  ;  ikny  ordere  thU  luoruiiig  '/  " 

Before  Mniy  Anue  uui    LTU|uirc    of   her 

reoB,  her  utaster  luis  roturut'U  to  the  par- 

or.      He   is  the  picture  ol'  de^jMur.     Mrs, 

pie  hfts  much  ado  to  kee])  up  sufficicut 

rtt  to  chccf  liiiu.     The  youngor  children 

I,  and  a  j.,  ■      i*   •:  ,,)  lM.jyius  aj*  to  what 

doue  ttt  lic;  refipiie  from  their 

ill!"'*  f*i"i  oir  by   iuHUdmcutii, 

I  a-  house,   "  I   could 

'     -  I   sum  frtnu  jiiy  8ti* 

pvtidt  it   wutdd   relieve  these  poor,  pittieiit 

tradeaweu  ?  *' 

JajQie,  who  has  read  eytry  a<lvertisement 
for  govej'nf'iw**^  in  the  '"'  Times  "  twio««  over, 
here  veufn  '  iM  In? 

easier,  '*  I  iLuL- 

N.  G>,   who    datcii    from 

i  T.,t,.1,,it   a/ldrt'ssfs  him- 

r.  ;    fur  the  ;id- 

V  MIUJVTtfEX    (and 

OTiir.(M>j  iN  Oh  He  «*>»  he  i»*  pre- 

d  to  ailviuj  of  lottti^  any  aum  of 

f  fi'om  t/m^  to  Uiu  ihavaand  pouuda,  qu 

fi«»CTiritT." 

u  curute  trdieiii  tho   i  i    from  hi^ 

daughter,  and  sams  tlio  r  carefully, 

er  aud  over a^in.    He  t: t j m j < » i  <  \ ; ictly  uiuLc 

t  the  si<;;uirteiition  of  "j)cr8ona.l  security.*' 

r»    Cariiii<'hfxel     Cmrnplo     ia    a     pi*<>roiiiid 

reek   acholar*     In   mathematica  and   tbc-j- 

lie  brought   away  high   honours  fioiu 

_e.      Uu  can  dissect  a  Pindaric  od«^  or 

luttnte  a  criblK^d  fMuiaage  from  any  of  th" 

in  Fa;i  r  than  his  biahop«    But, 

the  ot^  iiJiiiciiorLH  of  life  ho  i»  aa 

noeeut  a^  \xia  own  baby.      He    does   not 

the  intituling  of  **  perBouid fieourity  ";  but 

r  to  learn,  there  will  V  '      ui  in 

ig.      Mr.  Cranjple   is  the 

end  and  purp<»se  of  the  u**  •  i  ■  «-•  tuent, 

N.  G.  mxist  be  a  benevolent  rich  loiui, 

1  will   ''ivi'  :t  i>r<imt.t   ^iinl  I'l.-ir  :iris\vt'r. 

>iiitle 

the 

L      U  gave  a  cuji'  I  hia 

and  wishes  (viz„  .unie* 

U     It  idso  set  forth  hu  income,  to  show 

he   woald   be    able  to   repiay  the  loan 

ally  by   the  instalments  he  pi*opojied. 

eliirlei.1    with    a    r«?ijue«t   that   N.   G. 

be  l:-'   '  '.-I    *  ,        plain  the  exact 

of  I 

V   I'll*-  ,      ^^,     4.^.,,.,     ...     ].ii;.*l     hiw^C*^    f'fiHif" 

e*  !    the   curate   '> 

i>'  I  ;  and,  having  ^         ^ 

r  ttiieiuily,  repeated  it  aloud  to  hia  aajdoua ' 


wife,  in  a  voice  faltering  with  joy.  It  xied 
tfaua : 

"  Kev.  8ik» 

"Yours  of  wterdity  came  duly  tA 
hand.  Tliough  we  seldom  DOgoeinto  with  portiee 
for  Email  trauflactioua ;  yet,  mider  tbe  particular 
circuuLstances  of  your  cojmi^j,  are  not  uven^e. 

"Our  ayetcm  of  cioiag  busiueea  is  always  to 
ascerUun  the  perfect  rcspeclabiHty  of  pnrtieB 
before  we  uiukrtake  cotamiBsiooA,  ^c .  and  are 
Imppy  to  etato  tliat  (us  a  maitor  of  huyiucM},  we 
liavo  made  the  noccawiry  tearotiea  at  8o«nemt 
tiouEe^  and  dad  your  living  to  Vie  fl0  you  atata. 

"Time  bcing^,  no  doubt,  on  object,   " '^^o 

n  Bill  of  Kxchai^gc  for  amount  roqn  — 

fifty  poumlfi.  Qt  two  months;  reno^*^  .  >t 

•]uilc  conveuieut  fur  you  to  meet,  in  tvitulo  or 
part.  You  have  merely  to  sign  your  uaino  ujjdcr 
the  word  "  accepted '  written  acrooi  tluTcof,  and 
i-emit  to  us  ;  with  postrOflloQ  order  for  our 
ch.xrge  for  searches  (as  per  Beoount  below), 
iftarsp,  &c.,  and  we  will  forward  you  ih«  amount, 
lees  diiicouDt  and  conianafioD,  xmmediat«ly. 

•^  Wc  are, 
'*  St.  Jubn  Claiu;  Tboktson,  asd  Co, 

£.     t,     tL 

"3fm.  Na  585"*'     ^-    tn,  0      8     4 


ii. 


Bearchce  at  R< 


IM.  2 


S    13      8 


For  two  pounds^  twelve  BhlllltigB  and  trwo- 
pence,  the  Ci»ainj,ile  family,  it  seemedf  oould  be 
rvleaaed  from  their  embarrassments  ;  bnt,  two 
^uiutid<%  o»ld  wpr*»,  inst  then,  aa  much  at  their 
■  I touaaiid  pounds.  There  wafl 

some  hours  as  U*  how  thr 
iiiLic  sum  roiiid  iH'  raiHed,  Could  anything 
liNf  dia[)08ed  of  I  Aiaa  !  the  invcutory  ul 
their  enti'--*  '-.— -■■^-'...t--  «-— ■  •">n-i  „,,  ..iti^^ 
out  liiucL 

ruiii'l  :    :■  •  ,    /       .         ,  ■  .,        ;  -  J, 

1  amced  indinpensiihle.     At  iastj 
_        <1   that  her  father  shuuld  write 
agam,  t<»  pi  op<j>&e  tliat^  in  addition  to  '"  coiumia- 
aiou  and  diacount,"**  the  reaily-monf  y  r)T«n?e8 
should  be  deducted  from  th*>  sum  i  r. 

On  this  advice  Mr.  Cnmiplc  inimed  \  \. 

On  the  second  morning,  cameanoiner  letier 
tixmi  Messrs.  St.  John  CJlare,  Tiiocnpaoni  nad 
Company,  "  Nothiuij,"  &tid  Mr,  Crample, 
with  a  amile,  "  coula  l>e  kinder  than  thoat 
gentlemen  ;  and  I  really  marvel  how,  being 
utter  eti^mgera,  they  can  be  ao  con^sidemte. 
They  cheert'ully  agree  to  my  last  propooal 
All  I  have  to  do,  is,  to  put  my  nignature  to  th* 
document,  wid  return  it  by  po«t" 

Tlie  villagers  of  C^okonden  had,  ^f  bite, 
aecn  almost  as  little  of  their  |)eri>etuai  curate 
aa  of  their  vic.i:  ;  ;  lieo  he  did  go  abroadL 
he  appeared  (1  i  uuh.ippy.    The  very 

day,  howevei,  ii   he  &ent  ofl  the  ac- 

cept^ bill,  a     1  '!i.      "anie  over  dim.     He 

\V''Tit.  out      Hr  n.  '11  Ou-   t-Ln.li.'ii  on  the 

.;helookK  ! 

:!..tle  girl  wl-  ■  ">: 

in  the  Genealogical  iiluipt^r  ai  >«  umbers  with* 


008 


HOUSEHOLD  WORD& 


out  a  mistake,  tliat  lie  woald  yt^ry  soon  pre- 
aent  her  with  a  aiipencfe.  He  even  called  upon 
Plumley.  and  had  a  cliat  wth  Mrs,  P.  ;  in 
the  course  of  which,  he  cxpreaaed  hid  regret 
that  "  Jsme  had  not  been  m  generous  a  god- 
motlier  to  her  Jane  as  he  could  have  wbhed, 
but  aoon,  he  hoped — ** 

Mtb.  Plumley  interrupted  him  by  begging 
he  wouldn't  mention  that 

*'Aud  not  only  that,"  Mr.  Crample  con- 
tinued, looking  pointedly  towards  the  grocer, 
"but  otiier  obligations  we  are  under  to  our 
kind  neighboura,  we  hope  in  a  short  period 
to — liquidate." 

The  butcher  waa  not  at  home  when  Mr. 
Crainple  called  ;  but,  Mr.  Crample  left  an 
ambignouB  message,  implying  that  hia  next 
interview  with  Mr.  Slicer  ahould  be  more 
agreeable  than  the  laat. 

Mrs,  Crwnple  employed  herself  in  making 
out  a  list  of  the  household  liabilitiea,  _and 
apportioning  the  expected  cash  in  varioua 
sums  to  each  creditor.  In  fact,  every  poe- 
stble  preparation  was  made  ;  and,  on  the 
morning  when  it  waa  expected,  nothing  waa 
wanted  to  the  renovated  prosperity  of  the 
Crample  establishment ^but  the  money. 

The  next  morning,  alaa,  the  postman  passed 
the  window !  Shirley  was  aent  after  him. 
WuB  he  mre  there  was  no  letter  for  papa  ? 

"None!" 

The  morning  after,  and  the  next,  it  waa  the 
aazne.    Could  the  bill  have  miscarried  '] 

On  the  fifth  day,  Mr,  Crample  wrote  again, 
inquiring  if  hie  laat  letter  had  reached 
Messrs.  St.  John  Clare,  Thompson,  and 
Company.  With  hungry  patience,  he  paustwi 
for  a  reply  during  another  week.  Poor  Mrs. 
Crample  waa,  meantime,  obliged  to  turn  the 
acrew  of  economy  tighter  and  tighter,  until  the 

gincb  reached  even  the  younger  branches, 
hiiley  had  to  druid«  hia  mi Ik-uud-watcr  with- 
out any  sugar  whatever  ;  and  Charles  James 
was  reduced  to  dry  bread.  Their  dress,  too, 
was  so  shabby  they  could  hardly  appear  at 
church. 

Innumerable  were  the  excuaes  for  Messrs. 
St  John  Clare,  Thompaon,  and  Company, 
with  which  C*i*ample  amused  himself.  Per- 
haps the  entire  firm  had  cone  out  of  towii, 
ana  would  send  the  money  w^en  the v  returned  ; 
poflsibly,  their  capital  had  suddenly  |[ot 
"  lo^k^  up  ** — QiG  derived  the  expression 
from  an  indigo  broker,  to  whose  son  he  had 
been  tutor,  but  liad  not  the  remotest  ideit  of 
its  meaning),  and  aomelxMly  hiul  lost  the  key. 
Sudflenly  it  yii-uck  bim  that  he  might  not  have 
addressed  his  lettera  legibly  enough  for  post- 
oflice  deciphering — a  very  common  fault  of 
college  bred  men.  He  therefore  wrote  once 
mure  ;  and,  in  a  clear  round  text  that  might 
have  served  for  a  sign,  directed  his  letter 
to  '*  Messrs,  St  John  Clare,  Thompaoxi,  and 
Company,  Cecil  Street,  Strand,  London." 

In  a  few  davs  the  letter  was  returned  to 
the  writer,  with  the  following  inscription, 
•*  Gone  away  j  not  known  where.'* 


"  Ah,''  said  the  reverend  victim,  wbea  ht 
ahoweni  this  to  his  wife  ;  "I  now  feel  sure 
that  the  whole  matter  is  a  hoax.  Penulven- 
ture,  Messra.  Thompson  and  Co.  ore  a  tictiou 
— some  young  collfge  bhx»d«,  |K;rhaj»i,  wh^ 
just  put  these  advertisements  into  the  pap^ n 
for  fun  !  " 

Two  montha  have  passed.  Br»*AkfA«t, 
such  ms  it  is,  has  been  removed.  Plumley 
and  Slicer  both  appear ;  Ihey  know  that 
yesterday  their  paator  received  his  quarter's 
stipend.  They  have  dropped  in,' 
to  what  extent  he  is  prepared  to  1 
balances  upon   their  once  litllr,  _ 

accoonts.     They  have   »cjirc  i    i .   i    n, 

glass  door  to  go  away, when  Mi    i      wi   .  .   u 
peare.    Tlie  parson  seistes  a  1»  :  > 

IB  directed  in  a  strange,  stifl.  ini ui'  ^  t.nn  I 
Would  hiu  visitora  wait  till  he  i-eads  thi?  first 
line  1  He  breaka  the  seal,  and  the  worthi 
*'  St.  John  Clare,  niompson,  and  Co."  gtAddea 
his  eyed.  He  turns  to  his  creditors.  Ht*  hlntji 
that  Plumley*8  patience  and  the  but  '  "  '  .l;- 
Bufferance  will  now  be  rewarde*i.  ' 
leaf  with  the  greatest  care,  feai  i  ' 

bank  note,  or  cheque  on  the  neighb  k , 

may  be  blown  away.  Pleased  witL  „  , . . . .  _.  -eii 
and  nei*vou8ly-miirmured  promise  of  speedy 
payment,  coupled  with  the  word  "  remit- 
tance," the  creditors  retire  joyfully,  Ci-amplo 
has  now  time  and  composure  to  examiue  the 
letter  carefully. 

Not  the  vestige  of  a  bank  iiot«  or  bank 
paj^er  of  any  kind  can  he  discern !  Ue  f^eJb 
that  he  is  not  strong  enough  to  |ieruse  th* 
epistle  by  himself,  and  desires  the  presence  ^f 
his  wife  and  eldest  daughter.  Thus  reut- 
forced,  he  reads ;  and  the  foUowiog  vorda 
gi^ow  dim  before  hia  eyes : 

**  The  Rev.  Camtichnol  Urample^ 
*' Crookeiiden  Vjcarugcy 
"Hunts. 
'*Sir,  **tV 

"Unlesa  the  amount  of  th>^ 
bill  (fifty  pound*),  drawn  by  M»>  i  -  s 
Thompson,  and  Co.,  and  aeoeptr  i  iv  \ 
forthwith  (together  with  interc-^t  .luili  . 
instructed  by  the  present  holder  tht  1 1  •  ■ 
I'Evy,  Esq.,  tO  Infonu  you  that  legal  proceodi 
will  bo  commenced  agabst  jou  without 
notice. 

'*  We  ve,  sir,  jour  obedient  servants, 

*'  WaiifKLB  AJ»D  Clip.' 

I     The  trio  are  silent.     Each  looks  at  the  other 

I  for  ,'ui  e3:phujation  of  the  luefuiing  of  tlie  tx- 

I  traordinary  application,  Tlic  reverend  gentle* 

'man,  haWng    earnestly    ai>plie<l    thin    diunh 

I  catechism  foiat   to   liia  wife  ftnd  then  ta  hht 

^  daughter,  turns  his  abstracted  K»ok  upon  th« 

I  Itacks  of  his  books ;  and,  sttirinc  int«>utly  at 

hia  St.  Ignatius,  jiska  It  aloud  "how  he  oould 

be    ex}>ected   tu   puy   a  debt  he   luis  never 

incurred,  while  a  great  many  which,  alaa,  ho 

honestly  owes,  he   is  unable   to  liquidate  T' 

St,  Ignatius  is,  of  course,  not  cooimunit^itivo  j 

but,  bv  this  time,  the  full  scope  and  effect  of 

the  Tillany  has  revealed  itself  to  Jane. 


.-Ml 


C«*Hf«  t>Mk«M.! 


*  TO  CLERGYKEN  IN  BIFnCULTIES." 


6C9 


It    18    all    ray    doing ! 
reaping,  **  All  my  doing  !  " 


the    exdjuuLSy 
Mr.   and    Mrs. 


eem  _ 

"  Your    doing  !  "    repeat 
?raiiipic  both  at  once* 

Yes  !  It  was  I  who  su^eated  that  papa 
lonld  write  to  those  wicked^  men  ;  and  now 
liii  lias  come  of  it !" 

The  kind  old  man  takes    his    daughter's 
I,  iiiid  Bays  all  he  can  think  of  to  soothe 
her.     He  assures  her,  in  his  siiuplidty,  that 
is,  without  any  manner  of  doubt,  some 
itake.    He  will  write  to  Mr,  Wrinkle,  or, 
perhaps,   to    Mr,   I'Evy — probably   a 
gentleman — and  explain  to  him  that, 
)m  some  oversight  on  the  part  of  MeBsrs. 
ionii>8<:tu  and  Co.»  he  never  was  favoured  with 
ling  of  the  money  ]  and  that,  consequently, 
ley  will  at    once  perceive  he  is  not  their 
sbtor,     Mrs,  Cram  pie  proposes  that,  to  make 
kce  doubly  sure,  an  additional  letter  be 
to  MeaiTB.  Thompson  and  Co.,  to 
old    address    in  Cecil   Street,  Strand, 
>n,  wth  a  memorandum  requesting  the 
tmau   to  inquire  whither  they  have  re- 
moved ;  and  then  to  be  good  enough  to  take 
it  without  delay  to  their  new  residence. 

Jane,  after  re-perusing  Wrinkle  and  Clip's 

tter,  and  cousiaering  awhile,  weeps  airesh, 

ipite  every  effort  to  repress  her  grieC  With- 

t  oeing  able  to  disentangle  the  af^ur,  she  feels 

distinct  conviction  that  her  father  haa  been 

Lught  in  meahea,  snteiul  in  the  newspapers, 

gang  of  swindlers.     Her  advice  ia,  that 

i&ther  lose  no  time  in  laying  the  whole 

in  penon,  liefore  his  patron. 

Poor  Mr»  Crample  recoila  at  the  thought. 

He  will  never  have  sufficient  courage.   Besides, 

the  Reverend  Dr,  Recumber,  vicar  of  Crook* 

endeu,  and  rector  of  No  Souls,  Qty,  lives  in 

London  ;  and  how  is  the  expense  of  a  jounwiy 

thither  to  be  borne  ] 

And  then  the  exposure  !"  hinted  Mrs. 
.pie, 

LDoaure,  anything,  is  better  than  ruin  l  " 

J&ne,  turning  to  her  mother  ;  *^  I  feel 

Lced  that  the  wretdies  will  put  papa  Id 

>XLf  unless  he  gets  proper  advice  how  to 

Br.  Recumber  will,  perhaps,  know  some 

>licitor  who  will   teU  him  how  to  defend 

himself  from  these  bad  people.   Beaidea,  being 

to  the  Duke  oi  Lummendey,  he  will 

great  influence  in  Jjondon,^* 

Jut  who  lA  to  do  duty  in  my  absence?"  asks 

the  curate,  rubbmg  his  eyes  like  a  manawaken- 

ig  out  of  one  dream  to  be  drawn  into  another. 

"  Doubtless    the   Doctor   will   recommend 

)me  friend  of  his  !  " 

The  next  mominp,  the  Reverend  Cannichael 
aple  was  seen  m  a  second-class  carriage, 
booked  for  London  ;  paying  the  expenses 
I  journey  out  of  the  quarter's  scanty  sti  pend, 
his  careful  wife  had  been,  for  previous 
"  weeks,  cftlctdating  and  contriving, 
over  the  largest  possible  surface  of 
debt 

With  trembling  knees  and  a  palsied  knock 
at  the  great  Belgravian  door,  ^ir.  Crample  an- 


nounced Ilia  advent  to  the  portentous  pluralist. 
The  Honourable  Mrs,  Recumlier  (daughter  of 
the  Earl  ofPompton)  passed  him  on  the  stairs 
on  her  way  to  the  Opera  j  and  he  waa  usliered 
into  the  drawing-room  by  a  pctwdered  foot- 
man. The  splendour  to  winch  Mr.  Crample  wrut 
here  suddenly  introduced,  at  first  bewildered 
hira.  Scarcely  an  article  upon  which  his 
wondering  eyes  fell,  but  woula  pay  the  v*  hole 
of  his  Cnxtkenden  creditors,  and  leave  a 
handsome  surplus  to  liquidate  the  dreadful 
acceptance.  The  vioar— a  lat^e,  pompous 
man — received  his  curate  with  bund  surprise. 
He  inquired  after  each  member  of  hia  family, 
seriatim,  with  an  appearance  of  interest  in 
their  welfare,  which  mute  touched  th  id 

and  father.     When  Mr.  Cnmiple  e\.  e 

object  of  his  ^isit,  the  Doctor  first  ;ini"  ;n>*d 
extremely  shock ed,  and  then  said  he  was 
"  deeply  grieved."  He  asaureil  his  ciirntc  tiuit 
he  was  in  the  hands  of  swindlers :  he  H<K'i8ed 
him  by  all  means  to  pay  tlie  money ;  and 
thus  save  himself  endleas  vexation  and  certain 
exposure.  It  was  much  better  to  put  up 
with  the  first  loss.  Going  to  law  with  sucti 
scoundrels  was  not  only  una&tis&ctoTy,  but, 
in  the  end,  decidedly  expensive. 

Poor  Mr.  Crample  felt  precisely  like  the 
sick  pauper,  when  a  fashionable  physician  pre* 
scribed  him  chicken  broth  and  carriage  exer- 
cise. He  stuttered  out  something  about  not 
having  the  ability  to  pay,  and  exprcsj*e<l— • 
more  audibly — a  wish  that  Dr,  Recumber 
would  recommend  him  to  a  respectable 
Bohcitor. 

**  Well,  my  dear  sir,  if  you  tri£?  be  rash, 
nothing,"  smd  the  Doctor,  •*  would  give  me 
greater  pleasure." 

The  bell  was  rung ;  another  floury  footman 
brought  in  a  silver  atandish  and  a  mother^'o- 
pearl  writtng-^case :  the  letter  was  penned  | 
and  the  cui-ate,  with  a  profusion  of  thanks, 
backed  himself  out  of  tlie  apartment. — The 
next  morning  at  the  earliest  business  hour,  he 
presented  it. 

Mr.  Blindle,  of  the  firm  of  Blindle  and 
Blob,  received  Dr.  Recumbei-'s  epistle  with 
reverential  awe.  (The  agency  for  the  Doctor's 
property  was  worth  five  hundred  a  year  to 
the  "  office."V  Mr.  Blindle  produced  a  pair  of 
scissors ;  and,  instead  of  profanely  tearing  open 
the  letter,  carefully  cut  away  the  coat-of- 
arms,  not  to  disli^re  it  with  the  slightest 
crack.  Had  he  hved  in  Pekin,  and  not  In 
Fumi%^'fl  Inn,  he  would  hav^e  burnt  incenae 
before  the  revered  documents 

The  nature  of  Mr.  Crample's  buaineas,  how- 
ever, produced  a  consideraWe  change  in  Mr 
Blindte^B  mind. 

*'Thi«,"  said  Mr.  Blindle,  "is  a  case  ratfier 
for  the  Police  than  for  Common-Law  prariice. 
You  are  at  the  mercy  of  a  gang  of  bill- 
stealers.  I  presume  the  transaction  began 
bv  your  anffwering  on  advertisement  in  the 
'  iTimea '  newspaper,  headeii,  *  To  Clergymen 
(and  others)  in  Difficulties?  * 

Mr.  Crample  breathed  forth  "Yea  !"  with 


mo 


HOtrSEHOLD  WORDS. 


the  nx>iidennent  of  a  mystified  peaumt  reply- 
ing U»  M  ooujiu"or. 

**  ExACtlr  ,  and  iio  lioubt  tlier  b*ve  alrcfldj 


a: 


A  L.i'i'uist  VOll  ;    for  WiinkU*  fiml  CUp 
tjail   in   the  'oo- 

Hr>Wfivei',    if  leave 

Uie  |mjHi^  with  mc,  I  will  aeiul  oue  of  our 
olerkA  to  PlifrnH'^  Itim,  to  we  whmt  can  be 
C'  ri;?,  Mr,  Cmmplo." 

Bli  was  worth   about   iiixty 

rid  he  could  not  oflbrd  to 
-  on  ri  clerg) man  in  diffi- 
wed  Iktr.  (>am'  '       "r  ^ 
1i.  id  into  thn  cIk 

ler  yon  can  do 


doDo. 
Mr 

1  ■"' 


U'TIJl  i<    - 

til  mat 
and  ('V 


ndCtt{» 


Hetiiea 


the 
illy  folded 


IcbterB  (Mr, 
nd  docketed 
without  much  Ado,  recapi- 
hat  hatl  happened  to  Mr, 
with  the  cperjf  "Ain't 


Aiiytti    . 
iihut  \nw 

Mr.  r 
Crumple 
them)  ;  ui 
tulated  iM 
Oi^uiijle, 
1  rifflit,  rsit  I 

"  Woudrrfidly  correct  I'*  said  Mr,  CrAmple» 
holding  up  hia  hands  in  amaxemcn^.     TT*.  fi  v.i 
mndo   up  his  rnitid  that  the  fatiU 
action  wna  one  of  a  most  extrju)ni  I 

ueheanl-of  character  ;  the  like  of  whicli  had 
aerer  happen e^i  before.  By  what  diTination 
had  the  wonderful  attorney  and  his  more 
wonderftd  clerk  eorae  to  a  knowleiige  of  the 
minutcet  circuiniitaDcca  1 

The  interview  In  Clifford's  Inn  is  short 
and  decisive.  Mr.  Peggs  went  in  alone.  He 
pushed  open  a  lii«led  green  buize  door,  whicli 
shut  upon  him  like  a  rat-trap ;  and  ad- 
dreaaed  )iim?ielf  to  a  dirty  man,  Tjehlnd  a  row 
of  rails,  who  answered  to  the  name  of  Clip. 
A  dirtier  individual,  at  a  aide-deak,  took  a 
allp  of  parahment  from  a  mgeon-hole^  and 
hmn  to  rub  a  dirty  roll  of  cloth  over  ii. 

Mr.  Feggs  itated  his  btntseM: — 

"  Come  to  pay  1 "  asked  dip, 

**  Oh,  no  ;  merely  to  see  about  on  ammge* 
mimt  !  "  iiaid  Peg^, 

*^  Debt  and  coata  in  full  Im-mAliately  aretiie 
onlyterma,"  rejoined  Clip. 

^  It  *a  a  dear  oaaeof  bill-«tealing."  insinuated 


Cli 


ly  client  u  an  innocMit  holder,"  replied 

jp.  . 

"TeryI"«iiidPeg3j& 

"You  accept  aemoe  for  defendant?"  in- 
quired Clip, 

**  We  do,"  responded  Pegga. 

"  Now  then.  Smudge,  go  it  i  "  aiiid  Clip  to 
hia  clerk  i  and,  befim  Am*.  Pegga  was  out  of 
the  trap,  Mr,  Smudge  had  made  him  the 
bearer  of  %  pru'dimeiit  command  to  Car- 
michael  Cramplcj  clerk,  to  appear  before  onr 
hsidy  the  Queen,  at  Westminateiv  to  answer 
Oloman  TEvy,  upon  promijiM,  &c. 

Meantime,  the  clergyman  had  paced  the 
flfl^EB  of  ClilfonVa  Inn  Ptmage,  nia  mind 
oiicillating  between  anxietv  and  hope.  De- 
ipite  all  that  iuui  heen  told  him,  he  flattered 


himself  that  Mesans,  V 
rectify  the  **misi^l-  •- ' 
oonvinceii    that     1 
money  thvy  h^td    ■ 
Mr.  P«Rga  :i' 
with  the  ttttnL": 

"  Are  they  txi^nviucecl  ul  Ui* 
they  fore«o  '* — 


!  viro  they  will  waht?^ 

^'iSof  '  ',     I'litjuu**,*'^  rBptied.  Bbq^   * 

have  conn     «i     I  iheir  n<stit*n  alrwkhr. 

-  "  —r-   •  '  -l',,^  writ  I    Wh«n 

our  defence  1%  oo 


Mntr 
walked  i 


u't"  a  atapofied  atfaoiL  1 
t,.  .i,d  of  Fetter  Im».vld 
bewildereii  defcudant,  and  tbcn,  viahSoif 
mad  day,  caiit  him  wlrtft  on  Uie  oom 
London,  witli  o<5«»| 

The  next  r  Mr.  CnuBpla 

slept  upon  hifl  mii»!orTun^^  HiO|Mv  as  vil 
wont  in  hia  caaa,  retrmod  to  hm  wiik 
miniah«d  briiphtaan.      All   wtnzld 
Maas».  BUbiUc  and  Blob  wuul«L 
do  all  that  was  nee  umiiji  ;    atnl 
return  to  Crookenden.  to  arwait  tbe 


p«y«^i 


Tile  curate  dre*xom<mt  »od  tha< 
with  exemplary  pfttjtnwi.  Sugar  aad  I 
biinni*d  the  parsonage ;  domttftiie ' 
by  Jane,  have  been  eatabliabcd  <m 
for  the  benefit  of  the  y^vaxffmr 
for  the  want  of  dunJaj  Attire  tt 
bitiou  at  church.      **  ^ — *'    ''irdayaf 
approaches;    and.  vw,  fhej 

fendant  takes  anc^L^^^.    .^,.  .....v4^ 

r>mdon.     He  atniMa^hr  pacsa 
Hall ;  for  he  feels  eoimaeaii  of  m 
cauae  of  I'Ery  v,  Crample,  dcrfc. 
that  great  effort**  Imve  been  mad 
aad  lilob  to  s^etoire  that  iascte  i  for,  on  < 
a   niodoat     apoHciitiou  to    Dr.    R#»riu 
guarantee   their  conie,    the  T 
and,  aa  Oloman    I'Evy   wa^. 
wealthy,  a  venlict  for  the  <irtcouj 
matter  of  moment  to  *'  tlie 
voiir-i'"  ■ '"^umatanoe  bf?''  ■ 
St.-'  ',  Thompti 

been  (he  Ct^nii 

tho  name  of  11  "mlix 

aliases)  in  rc--j  i  ufexct 

acroRs   which,  hd  (JiiggH)    IumI— i|tttte 
<lentally,aa'  he  avprred — writterti  n  wroi 
Thefiuili'  MiryimpU* 

sentence  ^^0  was  tr. 

The  ruruxor    oi  i  E17       ' 
not  occupy  her  Mii^eat 
her  Court  of  Common  P.'  .i^^  «>«««li»  v^i 

The  plaintiB^'a  counsel,  in  openinf 
made  a  playftd  alluaian  to  iho  uuaA 
MeasTBL  St.  John  Clare,  Thorupsvoo, 
paiiy((i/ia«Higg3)  ;  Vmt.  indi^^r  i.>ntlv 
any  connexion,  on  ' ' 
able  client,  with  tl  > 
acce]>tanco  had,  he  aamutiyJi^ 
several  hands ;  lUid  plaintiff— -who ' 


"TO  CLERGTFMEN  IN  DIFFICXTI/riEa' 


an 


re6|MKUbl6  wine  and  cicnr  merchant  at  the 

West-end — had,  in  an  evil  hour,  diiscouiited  it. 

The  only  witnesa  called   to  support  the«e 

gtAt^mentii   wym  the  plaintifTs  clerk.     ITiat 

y  lu  Bijuplj  swore  that  he  saw 

I  '  to  the  "  party  **  whose  mime 

Ift^t  of  the  indorsera.    Id  bia 

Q,  he  ttakl   jea,  he  tmt  Mr. 

V.  !*>  regular 

1  Ll  ..: L-,  „.- .        ,^.1'.   Ida  cigars^ 

like  any  otttL'r  gentleman — when  he  wanted  to 
amokc.  The  "P'^rtr**  for  whom  the  bill  was 
disco*  vltQess*a)  father,  who  was 

Mrs  1  Knew  Hl^  (St,  John 

Clare,  Xiiumpiujii.aii.i  v ).  W"ai  no  rela- 

tion wJiattjvtir  to  Hi  »«t  would  not 

have  lA'tii,  if  plaintiil  imu  not  marriecl  }m 
(witnesa'.*)  aunt ;  and  if  Hi^jfS  had  not  been 
iftw,  rEry'g  8on  by  rt  f  r— -  t— >  -ifl^^which 
he  WHS.     But  whftt  }j  ith  it  ? 

A«  the  counael  f^.:     ..-        tOTild  not 

pr»)ve  ilie  negative  that  the  defendant  nevttr 
ns^l  received  a  ferthing  of  consideration  for 
hiF  bill,  he  relied  upon  hia  eloquence  in  de^ 
nouucln;^  the  trajoaactioa  aa  a  wicked  frauds 
and  mi  the  facta  clioittd  in  the  cross-exvmina- 
tion  of  the  pijuntiff^a  witiieaa. — The  j  udge,  how- 
e  '    1 1  >  with  the  ainiple  rent 

leooe  in  support  of  ? 
t:  N>.ia   of  an    cxiremely    ^ 

L  yet^  no  direct  evideo«»  1 

:».,.....;  .Li  behalf  of  tiieddeudanttc  ..„.„  .. 
— and  tiie  jury  retantned  &  T«rdiot  for  tiM 
plaintilf. 

TliHt  day  week  was  passed  by  the  Hev. 
Carmichael  CiMnple  in  the  reoeiviug  ward  of 
Wliit*cro88  Strwt  prison  !  The  hope  whidi 
hnd  burtved  him  up,  even  to  the  loat,  had  now 
fled.  TLougbta  of  hia  parish^  his  home,  imd 
the  dwir  ones  there  lamenting,  overciune  hiui. 
Ho  sfkt  in  the  darkest  oaniar  of  the  fliamal 
apartment,  and  wept. 

The  condition  -^  f  ■.<'-*>*'i  ■♦  '  v..-A'f>Tiden  will 
bo  best  uudcrst  ig;  letter, 

written  by  the  li  .   Spfsckle^ 

B*  A.  (yoiingeet  son  of  the  Eari  of  Pompton), 
whom  Dr.  llecumber  had  aent  down  to  do 
duty  whilo  Crample  w»9  going  through  the 
Insolvent  Court,  The  Letter  was  addressed  to 
Sir  Hichard  Bumble,  Bart,  BbUol  OoUege, 
Oaibrd. 

"  I\Mtwmmft%  Orookmdm,  iftudM. 

'*  Mt  Diun  Dick, 

"  Here 's  a  go  f — Old  X>riala»  who  is  keeping 
tile  best  living  in  our  fiunily  warm  for  me  till  I 
oaa  i-oniplcto  my  title  for  orders,  ia  at  deaths 
t^  r  shall  not  become  dud  for  full  orders 

f  ^welvemoDth.     Even  if  he  hold  out 

iWi  I.V  iLiyjudui  longer  (and  I  'm  game  to  lay  a  thou- 
nud  to  twenty  he  doeeal)  I  alttU  be  bowled  out 

"  I  vroa  pocked  off  ftvm  Town  by  my  antique 
brot  Lor  in-law.  Rccnmber,  mKler  the  plea  that  I 
oan  iwd  friT  my  title,  down  here,  oa  well  oa  any- 
whtPc  4o  himaaerriceatthfi  ttUDothzie. 

Tbs  f  >  i-cgnlar  Ooc^nden  Curato  hna 

ooaa  ti^  ,^,  „  ^.^  vvecki^  whitewarii^  Oar  old  hitnd 
V9fj  m  lbs  exeoutiouor 


"luBttad  of  a  piirsoimg  iv  like  the 

Valley  of  the  Shadow.     Tt.-  ind  wiuUug 

aod  gnaahing  of  teeth,  arc  mdc^ribable.  The 
hoatoea — a  limp  lady,  with  a  faded  lace —  oriea 
all  bredciiuttrtime;  and,  when  I  oak  the  aeeood 
daughter  for  an  agg*  ahe  buiatB  into  tears.  The 
two  little  bojra  cry  over  their  milk-and-wmtcr, 
and  Molly,  the  Eerv&ot,  never  comes  into  ono'a 
presence  without  similar  (i«tnonatrations.  The 
voa7  tradesmen  are  m^  '        I  ordei'ed,  and 

paid/cr — (what  d  "jre  !  it  ?)— a  quarter  oi 

a  htiTriiT.^^^-^i^'-i.t  ..(  ...i.fi   hardbake, 

for  'I  i  javemlee^ 

yestej  ^f  it;  in  the 

dumpii. 

"  I  don't  think  thera  is  a  emila  to  be  had,  for 

!  -  '^     whole  pariah;  and,  if  I  did 

jW  and  then,  with  the  eldest 

_^     .  .180   of  Crumple,    I    should 

abscoud.  It  is  martyrdom  to  bo  hoi-e  I  She  (Joue 
Crample  I  mean)  has  wonderful  tieui«o — and  only 
risiog  nineteen  ;  ehe  aings  much  bettor  than 
Mies  Huskle,  our  Oxford  prima  dbnao.  Indeod,  all 
the  sense  and  talent  of  the  fiunily  Boem  oentred  in 
her.  Pire  feet  five  and  a  half,  I  sbortld  esy — spteo- 
didly  proportioned^ond  a  wouderfol  complexioB. 
She  puta  the  beet  ikce  on  things,  oad  keeps  her 
8|)irits  np,  like  a  little  hei^Lne.  I  had  a  goeaip 
with  her  last  night,  alone,  and  ahe  spoke  so 
aeasibly  of  her  &thor^  affiura  tiial — but  I'm  boraing 
TOO,  Dick. 

'*  J  will  toll  you  what  I  wiah  you  would  do  ^  Just 
ride  over  bo  the  governor*  sad  hint  that,  if  old 
Dnzsla  shotdd  pop  oC  a  month  or  two  too 
fiooii.  Jane's  father  would  ha  a  CA|ntaL  wanmng^ 
pim  forme.    Tl     '  th  sight  himdrad 

a  year,  and  wou:  ut,  and  aastt  the 

dwir  old   hri\  fii  i  ._L  O 


Yours  ever, 

"  K£!c.  Sracaix.  • 

Not  only  did  Sir  Richard  ride  over  to  the 
Earl  of  Pompton  and  make  the  suggestion ; 
y»ut,  it  liotually  bad  to  be  put  into  force  in  leas 
tlkan  fb  \vut;k  ;  for,  as  Dr.  Dri2zle  died  next  day 
no  time  wits  to  be  lost. 

When  Mr  Olomau  TEvy  saw  the  appoint^ 
ment  of  Oriunple  to  the  new  living,  in  the 
newspapers^  be  instantly  posted  off  to  White- 
cross  Strt^U  He  expreasad  ict«oae  com- 
miseration for  the  curate's  safferings,  and 
told  Mr.  Crftn)|»le  he  was  willing  to  release 
him  on  hU  own  personal  t»ecurity.  Another 
bill  at  two  months,  for  nearly  double  the 
amount  of  tiebt  ;iiid  costs.  P^gsa  nipped  the 
transaction  m  the  bud.  He  nappoied  to 
come  down  at  the  same  time,  paid  toe  money 
by  his  master's  orders  (R,  and  K  took  only 
ten  per  cent  upon  such  transactions)  ;  and 
the  clergyman,  no  longer  in  difficulties,  went 
down  by  expreaa  train  to  lighten  the  hearts 
and  dry  the  eyes,  not  only  of  hia  dearest 
and  nearest,  but  of  tike  whole  parish.  Slicer 
and  Plomley  had  not  to  wait  long  for  the 
amounts  of  their  respective  billA;  and  the 
charity-^irl  not  only  got  her  sixpence,  bat  its 
jjymy  ,.fi.,.„  ■  'xpences  for  distribution  among 
her  -  ^vs,  as  made  capitaliata,  for  one 

whok  .._.„:•,  of  the  entire  multitude. 

At  the  md  of  the  year,  it  tunied  out  thai 


-^ 


612 


HOUSEHOLD  WORDS. 


Mr,  Crauiple  had  not  been  &  mare  warming- 
paii  for  his  new  patron's  »on,  A  cofiviction 
nw\  slowly  crejjt  over  tliftt  yornig  getitlematt 
Ihiit  the  Church  was  not  exactly  hia  calling, 
aiid  lie  had  ^one  into  the  Army — (and  a  vei-y 
giKit\  ftdlow  lie  proved  *it  heart,  air.  Cram- 
pie,  thiU'efore,  got  the  living. 

The  latest  iutelligence  of  the  Crample  family 
reports  Miss  Ci^oinple  to  be  a  guest  at  Pomp- 
ton  Castle.  Captain  Speckle  is  in  India  with 
hia  regiment.  It  is  aai<i  that  he  and  Jane 
correspond, 

"To    C'LEROrMKN   (aSD    OTHEItS)    IN    DlFTI- 

CCLTIKS"  Still  heads  an  iwlvcrtisement  fre- 
quently inserted  in  various  nt^wspapers ;  and, 
as  Mr.  Olonian  I'Evy  has  hit+^ly  aet  up  his  car- 
rioge^  there  is  little  doubt  that  "our  systt^w  of 
doing  busineas"  flourishes,  in  spite  of  exposure. 
Now,  my  lords  and  gcntlemeu,  is  there  any- 
thing wiong about  this  Mr.  Uloman  TEvy  and 
his  business  ;  and,  if  we  tried  hard,  don't  you 
think  we  might  preserve  our  clergymen  aod 
others,  as  well  as  our — come  ! — eay  as  well  as 
our  CJaine  ! 


THE  MOTHER'S  TEST. 

Thia  ioddetit  ti  nlatted  cl  Mary,  Coimtaci  of  Orknej, 
bom  dear  uid  dumb,  wbo,  la  llw  ynu  1753,  wwi  liuinlfld  hf 
■tfiu,  to  ber  cckuId,  the  MArqala  iif  Ttiomoiul. 

OcB  nune,   our  dear,  old,   faithful  Joan^  what 

pleuBant  tales  she  told. 
Adventures  that  hensalf  hod  known,  or  legends 

qiuuit  and  old ; 
Unoeoamg  ninrvol  ooch  exoitefi ;  vmtired,  hor  stores 

we  claim, 
Close  seated  round  o*  winter  nights^  beaido  the 

fagot's  flame. 

Once  lived  aho  in  a  moatod  Htiltj,  nn  andenC>  lone- 

Bome  place. 
Enclosing  in  its  flanking  wull  a  Plaissunoe  and  a 

Chace; 
And  there   she   came    to  tend  a  dame  of  high 

degree  and  fair, 
And  her  young  hoq,  a  little  one,  the  first  horn  and 

the  heir. 
The   Comitess  look'd  into  its  eyes  with  bright 

and  searching  glanoo, 
Whste'er  ahe  felt,  her  fate  denies  her  tongue  the 

utterance; 
Hearing  and  speu:h  to  her  are  lost;  in  silence, 

day  by  day, — 
The  numse's  time  of  Beryitude  wore  wenrily  away. 

One  night  the  lordling  soundly  slept  witlun  its 

cradle  bed, 
A  silence  perfect  and  profound  throughout  the 

room  was  spread  ; 
When  mark'd  the    nurve    tlte   lady  nw^    ^^ 

strange  and  eAmoi^t  air, 
Bock  looping  from  hor  beaming  eyea  her  long 

luxuriant  hair ; 
Nurso  watch 'd  her  for  a  little  spsce^  as  o'er  the 

child  she  bent* 
And  strove  to  read  upon  her  face  her  thought  or 

her  intent 

Alorm'd.  hUo  saw  her  nuae  on  high  a  miasile  she 

had  biXHigbt; 
Ah  1  what  a  valid  tlie  warning  cry  that  sudden 

fean  extort 


Far  flew  the  fragments  of  the  tbsc,  when  dasli'd 

upon  the  giHiund ; 
The  starth  '    '     '  '     cries  hath  shown,  he  beard 

the  mi' 
Ah  I  who  Li  a.  -    Iread  coold  doubty  wha 

saw  the  wib 
The  burst  of  jo^  t  vout,  that  greeted  her 

fiUCCOSS  f 

With  him  Ghc  sought  her  coach  o^iin.  nou^^ 

then  could  them  divide, 
And  morning's    dawn    beheld    tbo    twain    taiH 

sleeping  side  by  ude. 

The  Earl  came  at  the  morning's  dawn,  but  started 

at  the  dooT» 
To  see  the  wrecks,  not  yet  withdrawn,  lie  shatler'd 

on  the  floor. 
But  she  with  fond  and  loving  signs,  1ds«ing  her 

boy,  explain' d 
How  now  her  heart  was  sot  at  rcetk  how  ahe  thai 

rent  attoind ; 
That  he  her  doubt  and  fear  had  shared,  her  happy 

lord  ^aofees'd : 
Means  to  remove  it,  she,  alono^  found  in  her 

loving  breast. 


THE  SAILORS'  HOME. 

I  WAS  thinking  occasionally  of  r.i 
"  Bardj'*  and  then  of  old  Ixinl  Ixivtit  an 
heroes  of  **  the  forty-five,"  and  of  HMrnot* 
Walpole^s  account  of  their  execution,  and  how 
Lady  Townsend  was  afi^d  to  go  anywhere  to 
dinner  for  fear  of  "a  rebel  pie/'  as  I  crossed. 
Tower  Hill  the  other  morning  in  luy  way  to 
visit  a  peculiar  institution  in  the  ueighbour- 
hooil  of  the  Loudon  Docks  ;  I  mean  the 
"Sailors'  Home"  in  Well  Streets  I  had. 
learned  that  such  an  Institution  did  exist. 
8on\e  time  before,  from  my  young  friend  and 
old  messmate,  Mr.  Pipp,  late  uiidBhi]jmau  of 
H.M.S.  **  Troubadour.'  Tipp,  who,  when  t 
was  with  him  in  the  *'  Rattier  "  (Bixt^?en  gni^ 
brig),  was  one  of  the  idlest  meja  in  the  pro- 
feaaion — who  used  to  smoke  ciffars  out  on  thtr 
bowsprit,  when  the  foresail  hid  him  from  the 
Firet  Lieutenant — who  cut  down  the  h^m-i^ 
mock  of  the  respectable  Greek  pilot  whom  w^ 
employed  in  the  Archipelago. — Pipp,  I  sa^y, 
has  now  become  quite  a  sensible  fellow.  He 
scrutinise  our  naval  exj)enditure  (I  wish  bim 
joy  of  the  job),  talks  about  "the  lines*'  of 
the  " Inconstantj"  and  bids  fair  to  b-  i .^ 
moat  unpopular  member  of  the  next  ii 
meaa  he  joins.  We  had  often  talked  *>ver 
the  character  of  seamen ;  and  had  agretDd 
that  it  was  barbarous  that  these  po-T-  tV-TlAtv^ 
should  be  turned  adrift  when  thev  ■.  i 

the  mercy  of  the  abomuiable  acoun  1.7 

look  out  for  them  in  8ea-]K)rts  to  plunder  them 
— treat'mg  each,  as  he  landsL  like  a  stranded 
whale,  to  DC  cut  up  for  the  sake  of  the  bluV»l>er, 
and  picked  clean  as  unscrupulously  i**  ^vi^rble, 

NoWf  the ''Sailors' Home,"  in  (vu.  -i 

estabhshed  in   1835,   to  give   Bail  1 

chance  of  snug  Quarters  wb* - 
decent,  orderly  liie— and  pra- 
in  the  management  of  their  L;.....    .,  ..;;,v.  ,i. 

"For,  it  is  to  be  obaen'e*!"  said  Pipp,  wllb 


ChAfllM  Die^Hk-t 


THE  BAILORS'  HOME 


61^ 


th*5  air  of  a  man,  confldous  of  hk  power  of 
truclmg  you,  "  thntwhen  a  fellow  liv«9  the 

neater  p;irt  of  his  life  afloat^  all  land  ts  to 

m,  more  or  le&s,  foiry  land.  You  aee  ?  A 
certain  halo^  you  observe,  surrouudja  the 
meanest  land,  ^  long  heatU,  bro^m  furze,  any- 
thing," aa  what  *»  hb  name  aaya  in  the  Tempe«t» 
He  leels  when  he  geta  on  sliore,  as  a  respect- 
able man  would,  who  had  been  miraculoaaly 
"etained  a  year  or  so  in  a  Imlloon.  Hence, 
le  can  acarcely  be  called  comj>o*,  but  wanders 
like  an  Eai^tern  in  an  enchanted  valley,  and 
requires  protection ! " 

ripp'a  period,  though  a  lonff  one,  stuck  to 
me  ;  and  I  found  myself  a  few  daye  afterwarda 
croaaing  Tower  Hill  aj  above  mentioned, 

ISven  as  certidn  carved  fioating  piece*  of 

(Kid  informed  Columbus  that  he  must  be 
wing  near  laud,  so  changing  aspects  in- 

rmed  me  that  I  was  arriving  at  nautical 
regions.  Marine  stores  temptS,  instead  of 
ahawla.  The  Eastward  Jews,  happily  adapting 
themselves  as  ever,  sold  pea-jackets  and  straw 

is,  as  those  of  the  West  sell  flash  waistcoats. 
Some  young  sailor  apprentices  were  playing 
At  leap-fi^o^^  Here  and  there,  a  comer  shop 
was  presided  over  bv  a  naval  officer  with  a 
qua^irant,  who  would  infallibly  be  removed 
"»y  uight  as  a  libel  on  "the  profession,'*  by 
noe  friends  of  Pipp's  and  mine,  if  he  dared 

ihow  himself  at  Plymouth  or  Malta.  There^ 
pr  extniet^i  fi'om  acts  of  Parliament 
merchimt  seamen,  stuck  inside  the 
VindowB,  with  rope,  hour-glasses,  Gunter  s 
icales,  and  dog  biscuitis.  And  along  the 
wing  streets,  lumViling  round  eoruers 
a  peculiar  jerk^half  suggestive  of  the 
ing  of  the  Irishman's  gun — and  walking 
along  (one  foot  on  the  pavement,  one  on  the 
street)  come  seamen  of  every  agx;  and  clime, 
A  merchant  seaman  in  a  red  shirt :  a  siulor 
boy  **  done  brown  **  while  still  "  tender  ; " 
being,  as  it  wer^  spitted  on  top-gaUant  yards, 
and  cooked  bemre  tropical  sn  ns :  a  black 
egro  cook,  greasy  and  grinning,  with  little 
as  ornamental  as  a  ring  in  a  pig*s 
Inout.  These  were  the  most  notable  specimens. 

I  was  amused  with  tui  ingenious  pulSf  of 
some  certain  **  patent  sails  "  in  one  window. 
An  encrtiving  represented  a  tremendous  eale 
of  wind,  with  two  fri^les  on  a  lee-shore.  The 
prudent  frigate,  which  had  supplii'd  itself 
with  **  our  patent  twiU,"  was  thntihin^  away 
to  windward,  very  prosjjerously  j  while  the 
sails  of  its  neighbour  were  blown  from  the 
bolt-ropes ! 

A  ime  air  of  free-and-easiness,  indeed, 
preiraila  everywhere  as  you  ti^vel  eastward, 
after  passing  the  Tower.  The  rag-seller, 
standing  under  a  black  ruin  of  rags,  beside 
his  VTeiched  window — ^wherc  the  mouldy 
fragments  look  like  bits  of  a  disinterred 
aliroud,  and  the  bottler  seem  only  Ht  to 
keep  vipers  in  spirits  in — looks  fiercely  at 
you  through  a  blood-shot  eye.  Even  the 
policeman  is  not  the  stem  oomitosed  guardian 
of  tb«i  constitution  ^miliar  to  Kegeot  Street ; 


he  is  too  often  an  ea^y  digagi  matk,  with  loosa 
belt  and  wiidish  air.  Nay,'  1  am  nut  siire  that  a 
certain  division  is  not  highly  convivizd  ; — tlid 
my  eyes  deceive  me  when  I  saw  a  }>ewtur  |H)t 
or  two,  wearing  tm  aureole  of  froth  round 
their  heaiis,  go  mto  a  sUition-hoiise  I 

Every  now  and  then  the  Blackwidl  Hallway 
seems  to  cross  you,  as  you  turn  from  street  to 
street,  and  is  highly  puzzling.  Once  it  will 
lie  like  a  huge  box,  or  the  aide-wind  of  a 
cafavun,  just  before  you ;  in  a  few  minutes  it 
seems  breaking  like  a  thunder-clond  over  your 
head  ;  and  again,  perhaps,  turns  up  across  a 
street  with  a  fine  airy  look,  while  an  engine 
£ies  through  it  like  a  '^  resonant  steam-efl^ei" 
as  ]Mrs.  Browning  calls  it. 

The  "  Sailors'  Home  "  has  quite  a  dignified 
look  as  you  reach  Well  Street,  witli  talJ 
columns  and  steps  that  lead  up  to  the  porch. 
There  is  a  buzz  of  sailors  generally  about  the 
door ;  you  pass  through  swinging  port^iU,  and 
find  yourself  in  a  large  siry  room,  with  a  fire 
at  each  end.  Up  and  down  this  the  iunuites 
are  walking  two  and  two,  as  if  they  were 
pacing  the  deck  ;  or  are  aittin-  '  ^  by  the 
fire.    One  is,  perliaps,  a  nam  .  with 

wet  curls  and  little  ear-rings,  i  n.  .^,  v.w -rings 
always  amuse  me, — and  there^is  ground,  too, 
for  philosophical  speculation  in  considering 
them.  Among  the  ancients  they  were  biidges 
of  servitude.  Plutarch  gives  us  i\  very  goo<l 
joke  of  Ooero's  dprojtoi  of  that ;  a  noisy 
lawj'er,  of  servile  origin,  complained  petu- 
lantly that  he  "  coiUd  not  hear '  somethinK  or 
other.  ** That  is  strange,*'  said  Cicero  ;  "for 
you  are  not  without  a  hole  in  your  ear !  *' 
Now-andaya,  we  see,  they  are  worn  in  the 
States — ^by  the  freest  part  of  a  free  people. 

Soon  after  my  arriv;d  the  sailors  went  to 
dinner.  Itowa  of  tables  in  symmetrical  order 
were  spreaii  over  the  floor ;  and  seated  at  these, 
I  saw  my  old  unmistakeable  friendn,  the  "  blue 
jackets,"  diacuasing  their  beef ;  generally,  what 
a  naval  man  would  caU  a  g«x>d  set  of  men — 
strong,  quiet,  self-reliant-looking  men.  One 
feels  as  if  one  was  an  inti'uder,  and  comforts 
oneself  with  thinking  of  one's  good  intentions — 
but  don't  be  alarmed,  visitor  !  That  is  all  your 
conceit.  Jack  is  nowis*  disturbed  by  your 
presence.  He  cuts  liis  l>eef,  looks  at  you 
casually  as  you  pass  in  your  inspection,  and 
puts  you  quite  at  your  ease  I  I  ideally 
think  tliat  a  sailor  has  as  good  manners  a^ 
you  ever  see  any  body  with.  There  is  such  u 
calm  good-natured  independence  about  him  ; 
a  Neptunian  politeness,  which  carries  you 
along  like  a  fine  rolling  wave.  '*  Manners  " 
being,  however,  the  characteristic  of  a  man 
"  who  feels  the  dignity  of  mau^  and  is  c«ui- 
scious  of  his  own  " — as  Cai'lyle  has  described 
it,  and  as  Brummetl  never  kiiew  it  to  be  ! 

The  fact  is,  that  a  sailor  is  generally  in  a 
true,  real  position — ^has  certain  work  to  do — 
eertidn  people  to  obey.  There  are  no  false 
struggles,  no  sham  pretensions,  afioat.  Everv 
thing  is  determined  by  book  and  order.  Jock 
will  Tore  a  mOian  if  he  is  an  honest  niffiani  and 


I 


u  harbariau  If  he  b  u  weUnicaniiif;  barimriaii. 
It  IB  the  conthiuttl  vidue  set  oii  n-ili»\  mI  keji, 
tltat   gives    hiin    indejumdeace  •»- 

meamlau.     The  oceati  knocks  liitm  In* 

in  ruundtMl  like  a  peblile.  Salt  walci*  kfC|)6 
chiuucter  wUoliiBoaic,  us  tt  prr-^r-rver^  hr^f. 

1  tiid  mil  eul«ir  ijiii<  I 
ifuv  frictitU  tlilii  time. 
-\.  ^    ■ 


ve.   to    tJi 

with  the  Ixf.mi  iji 

wtiiclj   1,    for  oiitf, 


TV  .    l^^ 

Oiic   tii.'iri^  urtil   Aakt^tl 
cruisimg  Utoly  ?     Oh, 

Ayrfft  ;  lit<  '(i  been  to  L'uiii.     l^hili  M-aa  a  tiwe 
placti  to  lie  aahortt  at.     Tim  inau  witli  bitii  in- 
f[inu«i.l  uiu  very  curtly  that  '^  he  know  a  groat 
deal  Um  wall  txj  ^'ti  into  tliti  (^m^jirfi  Rervice," 
At    oue  <j;  '  '       room  was  a  beuutiftil 

uum1«?1  of  a  I  —quite  a  tnauiuiotb  in 

toltiiature — v^n-n  *     Ule,  iind  airy  oor- 

dug*— 


a^ure  for  the  fir  ,  vb 

takes  up  hia  *«tiiu  ...     ....     i  i  .t  V 

a  uew  d«t)«uLiau  to  Jack  to  < 
|i!iyiu*Mit   of    m   u«w    U>b*oo(^' 
pouiida'  worth  of  Mlof^ia.      Som  lUai  i»r  In 
oM    ]iv   fitiU   tluB   batilciog  ajrisiaM  W 
tu  the  fiian  in  ymob  Id  ^ 
l>auk-tiote  8Andiri^«M,  mtad 
II'     Hatio  d  promine*  to  ]wy  iaLn 


Church,  f^ 


jwah^ 


le«i 


**  The  top-niBst  htilviii.i 
The  rjiyalB^  like  tlie  v 

«uoh  a  jship  ns  that  notable  sailor, 
Iifemiiet  <!ullH<'r.  fnav  possibly  ha vr  <i, 
from  it  i*cu.      In  a  ixit  iit!ii- 

iaaiifi  .    tJajitaiu  Itobert 

Jamee  LUiut,  li..N.  U'Iuh  ^alljuit  and  cowl 
|5wiitl<imttu  founded  the  institution,  and  isl^eld 
in  hoiionrablt)  remetubirancc  by  all  cunneGtcd 
with  it. 

AlM»ve  itimn  are*  tim  **  Dormitories,"  where 
each  rf*it}»"nt  h;m  his  "crib,"  using  tiuit  word 
In  It  \u  iu  priiiiury  mfiiw.     All 
iidy  numhcrt'd  in  row**, 
a   vr>  V   r;fKi(/,  diMudy, 

dui  king    ill    the 

iJurmiUnit'a  "  urictua  up  he»»;;nnl  tli*.u\\with 
Spartjui    preeuiion — au   aniUirin^   ovidenoo   of 
the  popular  lovi>  of  I ubacc'tj  iiii  tlit*   hii,'h   e* 
Thcrt!   hi  a  leature-rooni,  where  ieotarw    - 


praytxr>bookB  isappUad 


h.Lve    Itiblra    aud 
thctu  gratia. 

To  tijii^  enuiurmtiou  of    tho 
advantac^eM  of  tht^  tikMtitutiuii^  1  OkiiM 
r.'         '  ita    bnainLei 

\^  ba**  tkivmy^ 

-     ^'  ■•;il 

vill. 


kromJ 


br«n« 


bu,.,... 
Whid. 
Ill 


lit'.i.l 


not  in  (t 
the  lid 
aii<l   tti 


vuita — ftirmin^  a  distinct  body     <tf>^ 
J  attd  rvcogniscd  ita  sndi  by  tWi 
ul    ■  Criujpa"  (a  class  wtr  te^  lik«    "' 
'  who   look   out  for  aailovB  fta   th«ir 
and  natural  ]>roy.     I  t»hmild  noi 
tiiey   defend    their    villanitsfl     on 
grg!tudj>i   bs  an  A  rainal  fixwl  mJUi  d« 
fiUnik    wlutn   assailed    l>y    au     argtn 
Vt'^etarian.      TV-      "  <  "''"ftp 
sailor  out  of  h  ad  •Ki€Oi 

in    vict*,   whilfs    p    ,  ug 

friond — ^^juet  a»  you  may  obaerve  u  al 
when   nlionf   ti*  bit*;,   and  show  ;^  U»» 
jMLrt  '  in    tho  act. 

was  ti(  ,)v  ♦<<  *?tvp  »"fiii 

"  crimpB,  ■  ;iiia  i 
phi<J6  to  retiide  ii 
•':     Tuoral   mil 
•  ►n.    Peril 


>ua  map 
«^i«li'e,  a 
iuufi  inodvi.^,  .»».. 

to  th<»  dising- 


fnven  to  tho  luen. 
for  thoir  use.  'I 
Uhrary  at  their  8' 
of  English  anil  fo 

When    I  tb^Mcoi 
rootn,  I   found  that  a  huh 
bl«d  nmni!  fbr  fi 
whom  w 
AOonv^: 

men    wur.-   i  rirurnmg    l 
mati-of-war  with  a  )iroi 
puifed    tli*^it       '       ' 
omoking  is  n  Ji^ 

To  deny  a  v^w^  .  .   ,^...,„,  be 

equivalent  t..  Horn  a  duck, 

or  fn^udriu  OlT  M,oy. 

The  "Home  '  baa  it«  own  little  liatik,  with 
red  led^ra  all  complete  ;  and  a  "■  cashier  " 
and  *'  accountant,"  just  like  Coutta  s  !  1  ap- 
prehend many  a  aailor  tinds  Limaelf  a  capi- 
tali?i,  and  enjoya  the  luKiiry  of  a  capitalkt  in 
putting  in  ind  drawing  out  his  caah  at  plei^ 


iiat  a  miufz   jKirty  bad 

u'  with  then*  \n\».^ — among 

Uor  aeemcd  conspicuous  aa 

-and  a  i*oupU  of  buj  awarthy 

r  tiiti   model 

tk  :  as  they 


oi  what  it  propo8i!i9  to  du  :- 

"Thr  vlll    have    to    pir. 

•rday,  ishilUnfB  a-^i^.;  I 

the  inii.L.L..v. -,.  ,  ^.k^h  man  haAasIw^.uK     . 

himiiclf ;  four  iTical«  OrdaT  aro  (vrDridaa  ior 
bciarders;  «nd  n  fnir  allovnmoe  of  wMllte 
included  iu  Iho  weekly  cliargo. 

"  Lails),twclve«hilIiugK.vwc'ck«  wuaUiiM^  todarf 

"  AppreotioQK  viU  have  to  pay  ottti  ^iUa^ji 
^ixp«tieo   u-day.   or   ten  aluUitigii    ^mrf 
a-wcdk.  upou  the  Bara«  lenna. 

"Tbo    blessing    of   rshgtous 
opportunity  of  living  a  gnhcr  nn!   vI^»CQQi 
just  Aceouut  of  wagca  en'  -.nj  of  1 

iDstitution,   security  of 
ofl'onicd  in  Kitting  menu  t^i 
advantages  that  the  Sailorft'  i 
the  aeomou. 

''Writing.    Anlhm«iic    Samigitmmt^    4«r. 
taught,  iMmU  dutrgt^  in  tba  eiFwaio^    to 


GrwiJ» 


hlB 

butiJuw^,  trom  a  pro- 

*m*}e  t>r«nilor8. 

f  tiiis  miit- 
ued  ill  inv 


ffotioEi.  The  iu 
u  natural ; — ti 

Biipenority  of  iJueir  et^tabLLiiimeuU  cousust;- 
ui  the  abseiice  of  religious  elumeuta  !  W< 
must  lie  al loved  to  deny  iLuy  auperiority  in 
thi»  pecuJinrity  of  their  hoiiMft.  Who  would 
judge  of  !i  '     itioM  of  Lycurgiw  by  the 

cenaiires  jte  1 

The  chiis^r    ..,   i,>o  greftt  cot;-<"""^  ts  dia- 
provi'd   liy  exjuninirig  the  r«  and 

unotliirr  .-iKiLj't^  which    I   h«Uu   .     ,    lia(-   h 

iven  to  "Sailoi-a'  Home'    i 
:he"Shii.piTi-omre'Ml,.    ;  ^ 

di8{ 


015 

niere  U  u  **  Destitute  Ssiilors'  Anylum," 
aaothdi*  iiiBtitijiiou  ill  the  ajm)£  street,  wliocv 
ahvltt^r  juid  ftjod  fi-  '  *' wiio 

mauy 
dsnen 
iit.iuti9 

,  hnB  a  apedinl 

"wlrTtTh  59  highly 

Its 

rn  the 


''  Home  '*  for  ills  I  A. 
prLwd    for  ita   exccikut.  iu  i 
rules  and  ivgulatioiiB  wini;  iv  i 
Weil  Stnfcl  one,  of  whicli  I  have  L 
The  avera^.*  lumiher  of  men  in  .^ 

3  ycjw  l»49,  wius  fonr  Imi." 
en  :    that    hi   Well   Street 


for  the 


Th 


Luii 


the  "  lluuic, '  i  uiidtii-jitijud.  iu  Le  liUc 
dred  and  sixty,     Froiu  iu  openimr,  in  lS3i> 
up  to  Apinl  of  l»flt  • 

eeveo    htindrt'd    tm 

Ijcardera.     One 
KHfieriority  of 
establish- 
I  it  caJBe  only 

oeciiiixii^  the  dineaae  having  been  £titai  to 
many  seamen  in  the  ntii^jhbom hood,  who 
w*?re  leas  smluhriniuily  lottgea. 

I   witA   uAd    f  h«t  thn  qreat  nuuM  of  the 

■         '  "  !  I^Aiite*   seamen, 

.  ;  which  seeing 

iikLi ] III! I  11  III-  ii»  uiiK'  idwji.,  tiiai  iuen*of-vaLr  bein^' 

paid  oil"  at  ShoeroeiB?,  PortBmoiith,  and  Ply 

mouth,  their  crews  do  not  so  naturally  dro|* 

in,  m  it  were,  to  etich  u  place,  as  the  crews  of 

>hip«  foniing  up  the  river.    Then,  of  couree, 

these  ncuportfi  have  their  "  CViiupa  '*  as  wellwi 

London  ;  and  there  is  nobody  to  act  widely 

towards    the   Ktilor;   iuid    I    hnve  no  doubt, 

from  my  knowleilge  of  the  serrioe^  that  there 

of  Old  School  British  officei's  who 

such  institutions  altogether.   Thei«e 

'  vague  nott         '        '  '     ' 

ucy  gp  tO; 

'  I '  out  of  'era ; 

Now,  ail  this  is  vei 
and  must  be  got  rid 
Engliaii  seajneu  can  be  impir(^««d. 


ur   thouswid   mx   liundred   and 

6*  IIomG"  numljers  mnny  naval 
oAiwjti  ot    nmk   among    it«   director* ;    and 
-miiuy  huiividunls   have,  from  tinio  to  tiitjc, 
1 1  it  with  donations  and  er ' 
[csrhajis,  it  luu5  nttmcted  .1 

:tn<i  uUeation  ftjr  an  institution  AviLh  ubjui^ta 
altogether  so  honourable  and  iioportoiit,  us 
any  we  know. 

A  TIME  FOR  ALL  THINGS. 

DiFFEBBNT  perioiid  of  the  world  have  been 

/naliaed    by   different   Btruegles  of   art   or 

ncp.   nr   other   intellectUiil   eodcarour,    in 

itest  nationtj,  or  tlu;F  / 

energy,    were    coin  t- 

ihua,  we  hnd   the   early  i:;gyptiwjs 

thenjselve©  to    astronomy,  arohitee- 

till...   and   mj^tholoerical  f?culplure, — jui<l   ju'o- 

duced  woiidei-fl.      War,   ;w  an    art^  was   not 

I  cultivated  ;  tlf'   <1  .I'/ht  only  of  vast  iinni«>8 

!  Kwarming  lik  I  locufitct,  to  deviu^Uitc 

nji    enemy  a  The     esu-ly    (J reeks 

I  brought  the  ;•  n  ilpture  to  perfection  j 

accomphshed     m  .  (■  i  [Hecea    in    pljtioi»ophVr 

I  and  in   the  traj^tc   drama,  and   jt;ru<itly  «u)- 

va«c«d  the  art  ol'  war.     The  wirly  IJonnins 

brought  the  art  of  war  t  >  a  highi-r  eUite,  and 

devoted  themselves  to  it   more  tlian  in  any 

otiier  study.     L*>ng  periods  of  bi\i 

feudal  Ixvttleii  sueeeeiied,  until  tls 

!-- ill     Italy;    '     ''■-     - 

iTitellecte 
..  . ,   _,i  all  the   uh  .-       .-,...: 
science,  and  Uie   tine   arts.     Aj^tronomy  was 
greatly  advanced  ;  chemist rv.  al^iu,  iji  miuy 
respeetB,  by  means  of  tl. 
thai  so  long  prevailed  ;  i  y 

brcajght  ict  perfection  in  thu  time  o{  AUcUjmjI 
Angelo,  Ijeoni^rdo  da  Viuei,  llaphael,  and 
Titian.  It  was  the  most  highly  paLit>ni4*tHl  of 
all  things — ^kings,  nobles,  aiul  tlic  (!lerg^Vi, 
leading  llie  wajr.  The  hiatorj"  of  the  w«irltt 
shows  no  patronage  equal  to  it.  Thongii 
advene  circumatanceaf  by  exciting  tlic  will  ut 
g«miiB, iiav«  often  proveil  advant^tMiujt  to  tlie 
uitiniate  dev^opuent  of  greatness  it  i^  yet 
I  worth  noticing  Tvhat  great  and  rupid 
ltd  may  bo  produced  by  the  most  favour 


>{ 

I     I  i»e 

se^lu- 

aiTung, 


file 


HQUSEHOLD  WOBDS. 


t 


A  fx^riod  luui  l>eeo  seen,  when  voyage* 
of  OiiK*OTery  nraouated  jJmoflt  to  &  ponion, 
with  some  nationa.  A  period  ha»  iikpwi«« 
li«?en  witn*iased,  when  philosophy  and  Iheologii^ 
liftve  V>e«n  the  lejwilng  subjects  that  occupieJ 
iht!  mtijfls  of  the  first  intellects  in  a  given 
courXry  ;  nor  nnwt  we  forget  that  a  rage  for 
<Je«troviiig  all  old  rryKtemiEi,  both  of  theology 
and  philosophy^  i^nthout  setting  up,  or  t?vea 
aeamiing  for  new  »>T*t^Tna,  was  displavwl  in 
Fmoce  to  an  extmordinary  degree,  before 
the  first  great  revolution.  In  modem  Ger- 
imuiy,  the  efforts  of  the  profoundeet  mindu 
have  been  ilevot^d  to  philosophy,  literature, 
Hcience^  and  the  fine  art«,  pretty  generally, 
in  all  their  nunieron^  ^""'P''»f^  and  without 
any  special  or  exclu  nix. 

In  Americai,  Hi*  lonal  effort*  in 

commerce,  na  ni  the  resolution  to 

become  a  grejn  power,  has  hithei'to 

nearly  ab»orl;e*l  luoat  other  cou^idenitiuna, 
though  men  of  intellectual  energy  have  not 
Ijeeii  wanting  in  several  departroeota  of  litera- 
ture and  learning.  With  America,  however, 
steam  and  steam-boatB  have,  for  some  time,  been 
the  pivdominating  science  ;  just  as,  in  mmlem 
Italy,  the  science  of  mu^iic  and  the  art  of  sing- 
ing, nave  received  an  alinost  exclusive  attention. 

in  England  we  have  seen  many  changes 
of  general  atndy  imd  devotion  of  public 
Intereat.  We  have  been  great  voyagers, 
travellers,  and  discoverers  ;  and,  without 
being  in  any  real  danger  in  modem  times 
from  thr  attack  of  foreign  fo<?s,  we  have  been 
much  t*xj  fond  of  meddling  iu  wars  of  almost 
incahnilable  expense,  and  taking  the  debt  upon 
ourwelveH.  During  tilly  or  sijcty  yenFB  the 
Britifih  army  and  navy  were  the  "  rage " 
among  all  classes,  and  the  arts  of  war  by  land 
and  Mea  were  our  most  popular  subjects  of 
admiration.  Other  studies  were,  compara- 
tively, of  small  importance  with  us.  Since  then 
we  have  absolutely  had,  though  it  is  very  diffi- 
cult to  believe  it  at  the  present  time,  a  race 
for  jioetry  (originating  with  Byron),  rapidly 
follow*e<i  by  a  rage  for  novels  (originating 
with  Scott),  and  we  have  also  had  something 
veil,'  like  ft  rage  fur  jx»liticul  ecouomy  (origi- 
natujr;  with  MjdthuB),  and  something  nearly 
approaching  a  i-rige  for  travels  luid  voyages  of 
discovery  (dating  from  Jiruce,  Belzoni,  and 
Pany),  which  has  almost  eitemled  down  to  the 

S resent  time,  in  consequence  of  the  prolonged 
on  I  it  as  to  the  fate  of  8ir  John  Franklin. 
But  have  wo  not  done  great  things  in  learn- 
ing, science,  and  the  tine  arts  1  We  have  but 
to  noint  to  the  works  of  Bacon,  Newton, 
^ihakesTjeare,  and  Milton,  to  answer  this  ques- 
tion. Jiut  to  speak  of  the  pi'esent  time.  We 
have  several  hne  liiatorians,  and  they  are 
exlunsively  i'e4id ;  we  have  astronomers, 
though  they  ai'e  not  duJy  reganied  ;  and  we 
have  some  great  physiologists,  but  they  also, 
(except  from  their  regular  classes)  receive 
little  or  no  public  attention.  To  speaJ:  gene- 
^^^Jt  geology  and  botany  are  studied  at  the 
present  day,  and  natural  history  is  neglected 


— always  excepting  the  actual  exkibitioci  of 
zoological  Bpecunens.  In  genernl  pmee  Utcr»- 
ture  much  is  constantly  doing,  and  with  ex* 
tensive  success  ;  while  for  peri4»icaJ  literatnHb 
of  a  cheap  kind,  yet  containing  r&ricd  knoir- 
ledge  and  information  for  the^eopW,  tliero  li 
at  present  an  unexampled  cnvvmi!  In  le.vi-n- 
ing,  though  we  have  mn  la 

is  done  beyond  compile  "jjf 

much  too  *'  last  **  to  aomit  of  -a  miiii,  who  Ua« 
not  an  independent  fortune,  devoting;  haJf  hta 
life  to  a  single  great  work  of  profou  i   '  K 

In  the  fine  arts,  painting  has  bet  i  ^4, 

very  successfully,  but  it  seldom  mttM^  with 
any  Bpecial  patronage  from  the  highest  quajv 
tera,  though  sculpture  has  fared  better,  on 
account  of  its  monumental  character. 

As  for  jjoetry,  it  is  a  curioua,  and  iiuleed  aa 
almost  anomalous  fact,  that  England,  whose 
people  are  fond  of  substantialities  and  reaJi* 
ties,  and  are,  apparently,  not  at  all  dtspoMil 
to  idealisms,  hai$  produced  more  really  fine 
poets  than  all  the  re:i:it  of  the  world  put  toge^ 
thcr  ;  and  though  living  poets,  with  two  or 
three  exceptions,  are  little  read  at  the  prene&l 
time,  there  are,  even  now,  more  real  poets 
in  England  than  all  other  oonntriea  conaHned 
can  produce. 

In  music,  there  is  little  to  be  said  for  ua,  m 
composers ;  but  some  fine  singera,  and  inBtru- 
mentalists,  we  certainly  have  poBsessed.  Of  all 
native  arts,  however,  those  which  at  present 
must  be  pronounced  as  receiving  the  greatest 
amount  of  attention  and  encouragement,  uro 
the  industrial  arts  ;  and,  with  respect  to 
science,    all    those    sciences    whl- '  be 

applied  to  the  immeiilate  etTorts,  •>  itd 

neceaaities  of  the  present  day.  Am-. mi.;  lut-ge 
latter,  tlie  most  prominent  are  evidently  those 
of  engineering  and  chemistry. 

For  the  study  of  military  engineering,  there 
exist  first-rate  institutions  ;  but  for  civil  em- 
gineering,  there  is,  we  believe,  only  one 
college  or  public  institution.  Chemistry  ia 
taught  in  a  great  number  of  public  and 
private  institutes,  but  raenaly  ;is  a  bi-aucU  of 
knowledge  included  in  a  course  of  general 
studies.  We  have,  however,  only  a  verj'  few 
good  laboratories^  where  studies  and  experi- 
ments in  chemistry'  are  pmcticH-Uy  conducted. 

Of  the  extraordinary  and  highly  valuabla 
services  rendered  to  chemistry  in  Gertnanr^ 
by  the  indefatigable  hibonrs  of  Miiller,  Liebig, 
and  othei-s  ; — as  in  Stockholm,  l>y  Bei-£ellua  ; 
in  Fnince,  by  Orfila,  Lavoisier,  <Sfc.  &o. — 
we  need  not  otftr  any  comment,  as  they  de^ 
servediy  possess  a  European  fame.  Ai\d  in 
our  own  country,  since  the  time  of  Davy  and 
Priestley,  dowii  to  our  present  mc«(t  euiin^nt 
chemists  ^ — Fai'aday,  Graham,  Kane,  Ujh^ 
Brand  e,  Cooper,  &c. — we  have  not  been 
far  behind  our  friends  on  the  CoulinvitL 
But  eminent  as  are  our  men,  so  few  bjiv* 
been  our  regular  chemical  schooK  «>  J  special 
means  of  communicating  instruction  in  thi« 
department  of  science,  that  our  manufacturers 
in  various  hnuiahes  of  the  useful  arta  liuvs 


k 


THE  MODERN  HAROtJN-AL-RASCHID, 


617 


mk 


been  beaten,  nnd  are  beaten,  to  thia  day,  in 
mAny  oftbe  most  important  of  these  branches, 
the  French,  German,  and  Belgian  niauu- 
turers,  as  the  Great  Exhibition  ojl?.*)!  will, 

£robability,  most  fuUy  demonstrate. 
e  sciences  of  chemistry  and  engineer- 
however,  we  are  rich  in  great  names^  and 
in  other  names  of  well-deaenred  eminence. 
With  respect  to  chemistry,  if  we  except 
Faraday  and  Graham,  our  own  country  may 
be  Bomewhat  outshone  by  the  extraordinary 
labours  and  disooTeriea  of  Liebi^  and  Orfila  ; 
nevertheless;,  as  we  have  already  shown,  we 
possess  manyprofesBora  of  first-rate  excellence ; 
and  although  the  metropolis  may  lay  claim 
far  the  greater  number,  we  must  not 
our  provincial  celebrities,  whose  ener- 
efforts  have  done  mnch  to  promote  the 
study.  Foremost  amonff  these  we  should  men- 
tion Mr.  Herapath  of  Bristol,  Dr.  Musiinvt  of 
Liverpool, and  Mr.  Daniel  Stone  of  Mancueaten 
In  the  engineering  sciences,  we  are  fully  en- 
titled to  take  the  highest  place  amonj;  all 
nat  ions  ;  and  though  m  are  well  aware  of  the 
grtat  thingu  done  in  Germany  and  France, 
and  (in  steam  science)  in  America,  we  may 
still  assert  with  safety,  that  the  ;;reat  works 
of  a  Brtmel,  a  Babbage,  and  a  Slepheuaou  (we 
are  only  meuttouinfi;  the  living)  justly  place 
jEnglaud  at  the  head  of  all  those,  of  whatever 
eouutn^,  who  have  contributed  to  the  en- 
gineering  works  of  thb  most  engineering  age. 
To  sum  up  the  gist  of  this  concise,  but 
comprehensive  view,  of  the  top  favourites  of 
the  present  time— for  though  there  is  "  A  time 
r  aU  thingft,"  the  world  never  takes  to  them 
at  once,  but  in  suGDeasion— we  should  say 
at  Periodical  literature,  Foreign  Music, 
id  the  sciences  of  Chemistry  and  Engineei- 
g,  were  the  chief  objecU  of  practical  study, 
"  extensive  patronage  by  the  pnblic  at  Urge, 
our  own  country. 

Having  placet!  our  great  ci^ol  engineers  at 

e  head  of  idl  others,  in  this  most  extensively 

cmploved  department  of  science,  a  few  wonls 

shoulil   \)e   added   ct:>nceraing  the  most  im- 

rtant  works,  which  the  combined  powers  of 

e  country  have  been  !on^  called  upon,  both 

r  the  people  and  by  parliament,  to  perform. 

eed  we  say  that  we  allude  to  the  Sanitar>' 

iionsi,  affecting  the  interment  of  the  dead, 

the  remov.\l  of  fever-breeding  nuisanecs  from 

wded  thoroughfai*e8  of  the  metropolis,  the 

ovision  of  a  constant  supply  of  pure  water 

every  house,  and  a  new  and  emcieiit  sys- 

of  drainage  for  London,  and  its  euvii'ons. 

Why  have  none  of  these  things  been  done  ? 

Tuunei  under  the  Thames  is  called  for — 

it  is  accomplished.     A  stupendous  iron 

Bridge    is    called   for — and    it    is 

plished.       An     enormous     Exhibition 

for   the  Industry'   of   all   Nations  is 

for — and  it  is  accomplished.   But  there, 

over  crowded  burial-grounds,   gene- 

ing  a  i)oii«oiioufl  atmosphere  in  the  thick  of 

;he  living  and  loathing  people  !   There,  nins 

'  e  polluted  Thames,  of  which  we  are  com- 1 


pelled  to  drink  I  There*  «tan«l  !d  and 

other  nuisances  !     And  there,  r|>ora- 

tion  of  London,  and  the  Metri^i  >>- 

Bioners  of  Sewers !   Why  are  u  < 

removed  1  TMiy  do  these  gre.ii:  una  mnvt-r- 
sually-demanded  national  works  fttifk  titst  in 
the  mud  of  obstinacy  and  imbecility,  and 
leave  us  all  in  the  "Slough  of  Desfwand/* 
We  will  answer  why,  in  few  words.  Dr. 
Southwood  Smith  may  work  early  and  late, 
and  devise,  and  exhort ;  Mr.  Oiauwick  may 
issue  report  upon  report ;  the  beat  acienoo 
may  be  employed  ;  the  best  aurveyii,  and  the 
clearest  statements,  made  and  proved:  the 
Press  may  denounce  the  Board  of  Health ; 
the  country  may  shout  and  wander ;  Lord 
Ashley  may  uplift  his  hands  and  smite  his 
forehead  ; — ^but  m  long  as  men  bo  incapable  of 
all  |Teat  action  as  the  Metropolitan  Com- 
miasionej*s  of  Sewers  (whose  deepest  anxiety^ 
for  a  long  time  pasft^  has  been  to  escape  out 
of  office  by  a  quiet  back  door,  without  evei* 
attemptmg  to  commence,  or  even  lay  down 
definitely,  any  really  comprehensive  system  of 
drainage)  are  allowed  to  twaddle  away  so 
much  money  and  time ;  ao  long  as  any  no- 
blptnan.  or  gentleman,  holds  an  authority 
fur  ruiming  wild  in  "  woods  and  forests  "  to 
qualify  himself  for  conti'oUing  the  Board  of 
Health,  precisely  because  it  is  known  that  ho 
will  do  nothing  efficient  himself,  nor  permit 
anybody  else  under  his  authority  ;  so  long  as 
the  Treasury  is  allowed  to  adopt  every  sub- 
terfuge for  tleky  and  evasion  ;  and  finaUy,  so 
long  OS  the  i)eople  of  England  will  endure 
all  this,  no  one  of  these  most  desinible  and 
universally  demanded  works  will  ever  be 
accomplished.  There  is  a  time  for  all  thinra  ; 
the  time  for  these  has  absolutely  come  ;  but 
if  the  country  has  not  strength  and  perseve- 
rance to  insist  upon  them,  we  shall  never 
obtain  them,  nor  aWl  we  really  deserve  them. 

THE  MODERN  HAROUN-ALrBASCHID. 

Im  the  district  of  Ferdj*  Onah,  Algeria, (which 
signifies  Fim  Ct^untry)  lives  a  Scheik  named 
BoU'Akaa-ben-Achour.  He  is  also  tlistin- 
^ushed  by  the  surname  of  Bou-Djenoni  (the 
Man  of  the  Knife),  and  may  be  regarded  as  a 
tj[je  of  the  eastern  Arab.  Hi*  ancestors  con- 
quered Ferdj'  Onah,  but  he  has  been  forced 
to  aoknowlwige  the  supremacy  of  France,  by 
paying  a  yearly  tribute  of  80,000  fnmcs.  His 
dominion  extends  from  Milah  to  Rfiboualt, 
and  from  the  aouthero  point  of  Babour 
to  within  two  leagues  ot  GigellL  He  is 
forty-nine  years  old,  and  wetwns  the  Bahyle 
costume  ;  that  is  to  aay,  a  woollen  gandoura^ 
eoutiued  by  a  leathern  belt.  He  carries  % 
pair  of  pistols  in  his  girdle,  by  his  side  the 
Kaliyle  jti^sa,  and  suspended  lirom  his  neck  a 
small  black  knife. 

Before  him  vc  ^V-^  h  ii^^jrro  carrying  his  gun, 
and  a  huge  l  i  bounds  along  by  his 

**ide.     Ho  tioi  :  _     ic  sway   over   twelv» 

tribet) ;  and  should  any  neighbouring  p«»o| 


niB 


HOUSKHOLD  WORDS. 


Vffiiturft  to  make  «n  inciLnaion  on  lijn  tcrtitorfi 
Boki   '  '  Itlom     cooddeiioettcli    to    nuirch 

n^ii  )t  pmncnf  but  aeoda  his  negro 

••■'  ■"•>  nllnjEf*.    Thi«  envoy  just 

llaQf-AkAc-j  &iiii  tJio  injury 


Hv   keopfl   m 
Tolbfts   to   rMid 


[*.ay  t>TO   or  three   Imndtetl 
the    Konui   to   llie    |M»oplo : 


every  jnlcrini  gou*^'  lo  Met*o*,   imil  pnniiig 

thron-'n  IVnlj'  OtjmIi,  roooivcs  three  friKnc% 

and  I  r\B  he  plea«e»  to  «njoy 

(he  \kftA,     Biit  whetiever 

the  -  I  he  lia«  been  decwrcd 

by  M    {  I  .  lie  immediateiy  do- 

»pnt'''  ■    **'■■-  • -*■■*'  :  who, 

win  M,  ami 


if  anv  tnint!  is  Iwft^ 


»r  of  Const AntinopleT  tli 


ho  «vt«  ;  but  not  until  tlie 
fjilh  .     '  ■      ', 

\\ 

i.jfdy   in.iji    u.,'.,.    ,    -■,•■■    1 - -■'-    - 

him  n  trtiveller  ;  ri' 

latt*.T,  or  the  fului  

Smi^AJkan  pvca  him  hia  jj^n,  )ii»  dog,  or  hi 
kiiitV.  Jf  the  tfun,  ihv  trnvvlJcr  Udces  it  oi 
his  shouliler  ;  it  tUn  dug,  he  lemU  It  in  a  loosh  ; 
or  ir  tlte  kniie,  he  h&ogs  ii  romi'l  bi^  neck  : 
iiud  with  any  od«  of  thiwe  fMt«tit  tjiUsniiuiA, 
of  which  oAiii\  boar»  its  own  dc^grM)  of  hananr, 
the  itrahgpr  pnMfJi  through  tho  ix<igion  of 
the  tjwelve  trihK^a,  not  onlv  nuHfalhe*!,  liut,  rw 

the  gucBt  of  Bou* A !'       *•     '    i  .    .1     ■' 

m<Mi  hospitality. 

t.>    ]....■.,    F..V.1J'  OiKU.,    ....    . 

thr  n>  ^jtt  to  the  cmrc*  of  the  Hr 

Arm  ,     If  the  Arab  ia  hunting,  )i' 

leaven  the  ciinse  ;  if  labouring  In  the  field,  ho 
h.^'ives  his  plough ;  ftwtl,  tiiking  the  precioua 
<lepuait^  hiuit«iiK  to  restore  it  to  Bou-AJuu*. 

The  blaok-hsuidlcd  knife  La  so  well  kuowni, 
tlmt  it  hiu*  ^\vu  the  Buruanie  of  **  Bou- 
Dienoni,  tAt  man  of  the  kni/e,''  to  ita  owner. 
With  thin  iniplt>m<int  h«  is  ticonstomed  to 
cut  off  heftdMj  whencvf>r  he  takes  a  fancy  to 
nerfoirn  that  ogroeable  office  witli  his  u^vn 
hand. 

When  first  Bcm-Akaa  Mmuned  the  govern- 
ment, the  country  was  inft'stcd  with  i-obhci-s, 
but  he  «peQ<li]y  fonntl  means  to  citirpate 
them,  He  diRgiiiflefi  jnniself  m  a  poor  mvT- 
cliunt  ;  walktHi  out,  and  dlxjppcd  a  douro  (n 
•jold  coin)  on  the  ground,  taking  c?U'<3  not  h> 
loae  sight  of  it.  If  the  peiison  who  happened 
to  piftk  un  the  rionro,  ])Ut  it  into  liis  pocket 
i\im  p.'i.sfted  on,  Ikui-Aknii  made  a  sign  to  hia 
chinuiuv  (who  folhiwed  hint,  nl^  '-^  '•■.mifte, 
and  kiiewthe  Scheik'a  will)  i  ward 

imnictiiatelVj,  and  d(?capitAtt*il  il.      .    ,.  ler. 

In  rfjTiBwpienoe  of  \h\A  snnimary  method  «• 
tvJ  minis  taring  juatice,  it  is  a  saying  among.-^i 
the  Arabs,  that  a  child  might  traverse  fiie 
tvgious  wiiich  own  Bou-Akass  «way,  wearing 


a  golden  crorwri  on  \um  Itcad,  ^triilBCMt  a  ibgltf 


hand  being  itreteh 
Tlie  Scheuk  ha 

wl,-.    .  ^    ■ 

AViahing  one  ti 
oomroands  w«r©  : 
diapuiae  ;  and^  n 
TiKfud<*n  on  Iwr  ti 


peot  for 


I  wr. 

'okotl  at  Ulm 


ftrxmm 
vrilli 


^  Piun  oci,  fitraiiffnr  \  thim 
risk  tfaon  ha^t  run.  * 
And  wbm)  Dou-Akas 


Mi(^ 


ioh 


or,  bJjc  added  >— 
!  Lib   man,   am 
thou  not  tlsat  we 


ca 


of 
lit  thi 


jni, 

•otr 


vvb*i  CAdaes  :dl  wamc&  u*  \m 


oh 


the  Koran ^     TTavaijg  tiiaid 

■'■■'  of  his  twalve    tribal 
an  (ulmij»M« 

I  iM  in  II  wtv'lr;  wurtbv 


vidujt.1,  \viti;K>i)t  'MXiiA  «M 
for  the   t.'ndi'a   town, 
Ar'-^       ■    -A. 

1  i  thrm,  and  wan  jiiat 

oripjiie  iwjdug^  * '   ^" 
'd  hiin  for  mil 

Hott-Akm  ^... 
lectaU  maixtttdned  ) 
>>t  thou  wmntY  ^^  aak' 
— '  I  have  already  given  thee  alnui. 

"  Yi<*  nenlied  tho  hrgirnr.   ♦^Irat 
fta}ii>  n«it  tmly — *Thon 
brother,'    but   n\m,  * 'F 
bixithtr  what 

"Wi^Uf  ah 

**  Thou     LVinHr 
ci^eature    that    I 
under  the   feet   » 
camels^  whid^i  wou 
piissin^  through  tii  ^ 

a  fiiir  w  now  gmug  on," 

"  And  how  can  1  8aire  tbee  f 

"  By  letting  ma  ride  behind  y«»ii, 
ting   me   down   eafely   in   th«    tu 
when*  1  have  bn^inestt/' 

"  Be  it  no,*'  repliwi  Bou-Akna, 


•^  he  Mi  cot 
on   a 


J £.  t.:- 


the  Ike' 


»ftrkiat^pmai% 


I4>le  to  get  ap 


ing  down,  h« 

hind  him  ;  k 

pliahe^l  withi 

Tho    stnui 

and   at    length   tbey 
J' lace. 
'*  la  tills  where  yon  wiaih  to  slop  7 
Bou-AkA««. 


tNckttiA.'i 


THE  MODERN  HABOUN-AL-RASCHll>, 


you, 


'•  (  \  otvnwlf " 

«V 

"  To  leave  you  ray  horae  !  WhAt 
thftt  1" 

"  I  nseao  that  he  bslangB  to  me.  ] 
yuu  tiot  tbat  wo  aiis  now  Ld  tho  town  of  t  i  i 
Cadi,  and  that  if  we  bring  the  cQj<e  i' 
hini^  he  will  cert&inJy  decides  iu  my  fuvim, 

*'  Why  shotdd  he  do  ao,  when  the  jtniiuid 
tielongs  to  me  T '' 

^  Don't  you  thiidi.  that  when  he  Be«fi  n^ 
— ^you  with  jour  strong  etraight  Ibiilia,  •-■ 
Allah  has  given  you  for  the  piiryNjtn]  of  \'v.uk 
itig,  and  I  with  my  weak  l^ia  and  distort eii 
feet, — ho  will  decree  that  the  hone  Hh«.U  belong 
to  hirn  who  has  moat  ueed  of  hira  f  '* 

^  Should  he  do  bo,  he  would  nut  be  the  ms{ 
Cadi."  mid  Bcm-Akaii 

"  Oh  ?   as  to  that;*    renUed    the    cripf^, 
"although  he  u  jUBt,  he  n  uot 

-iyiM       '      _■      '     ^'  "    ■■        '  *        "  ^'thia 
will  be  £i  _'  the 

judge.'*     liv   '  1  iiiu  <:viu*ni — we 

will  go  before 

Arrived  at  v;..    ...    .^jil^  where  *hi'  iml  *^.i, 

llteordioi^  tu  the  easiteru  custom,  v 
admiuibtetiug   juaftiee,    thoy  fouu^i  • 

trialii  were  about  to  go  on^  and   wouid  of 
course  take  precedence  of  theirs. 

The  fitat  waa  between  a  kt/th  or  le«nied 
man,  and  a  peaHUit.  The  |xiint  in  diBpiiA* 
waa  the  taieb  f  wife^  whom  the  peasant  liad 
carried  oilj  and  whom  he  aisaert*^d  to  Ije  Iub 
own  lj>etter  halt^  iu  the  face  of  the  philoeo- 
hcr,  who  demiindiKl  her  restoration. 

The   womaiif    atrang«    cii«ujnstaiioe  !    re- 

(dned   obstinately   sQent,    aud    vmild    not 

eehire  for  either ;  a  feature  in  the  OMse  which 

^midertnl    ifa    decision    exceaairely    dilQuult. 

']m\\r^.  heard  both    sides  attentively,  i-e- 

V  r  a  moment^  and  then  said,  ''Leave 

t  .;i  here,  arid  return  to^norrow." 

TiL'j  mvant  aud  tlie  laboorer  each  bowed 
iind  I'etiied  ;  and  the  next  caui»e  was  ujJled. 

Thia  was  a  tiiiference  between  a  butcher 
au  oil-aeller.     The  latter  appear^  covert^d 
■  ith  oil,  juid  tlie  former  waa  apriidsJed  with 
tirlooiL 

The  butcher  spoke  tirsit : — 

"  I  went  to  buy  aome  oil  from  this  mai»,  and 

in  oixjer  to  pay  luni  lor  it,  I  drew  a  handful  of 

money  from   my  purse.    The  al^ht  of   the 

money  lem^(«^  him,     lie  seized  me  by  the 

wrist.    I  cried  out,  but  he  would  not  let  me 

gij ;  and  here  we  iire,  having  come  before  your 

^•    i  ,liip,  I  holJing  my   mouey  in  my  hand, 

^o  t»tiU  grjiapiug  my  what.     Now,  I  swear 

he  Prophet,  thitt  tlds  man  in  a  liar,  when 

4Va  th.'it  I  stole  his  money,  for  the  money 

t    i:uly  mine  own." 

Then  spoke  the  oil-merchant : — 

"  Thlft  man  came  to  puit;base  oil  from  me. 
Whjcn  hU  bottle  was   tilled,  he  said,  *  Have 


yon'^change  for  a  piece  of  j^uld?"  I  searched 
my  pocket,  mid  drew  out  my  hand  full  ot 
money,  which  I  laid  on  a  bench  Iu  my  alK>p. 
lie  seized  it,  itnrl  wiia  walkixjg  off  with  roy 

money  n^"' 'I    "^ '    -tight  him  l>y  th«^ 

wrist,  ai  r  .'  '     In  «]tito  of 

niv   cTie-,  -      -     -,    .  lild  not  Burruuder 

lumiey,  »n  1  brought  liim  here,  that  your 

i^hip  might  dtridc  the  caae.  Now,  I 
ar  by  the  Prophet  that  this  man  i»  a  Ikir, 

,'  n  he  aays  that  I  want  to  steal  Ids  money, 
lur  it  is  truly  mine  own.'* 

The  Ctuli  causcil  each  plainuff  to  repeat  his 

rv,   but  neither   vni  i    '  Wa 


-inul  statement.   H« 


never  1*^ 
After  w  I 
the  tribuiud, 

It  was  no\s 
cnpplf^ 

*^&y  lord  Cadi," 
Mtlier  from  ■■> 
tention  of  pu 
city  gate  I  m.M  i 
for  alnm,  and  thi^^i 
to  ride  behijid  me  L 
should   l>e   tiiMldcn 


lM'..ri4r>      >»llll     Ultr, 


.larh   bnhud 


il 


of  Bfm-AkiiB  imd  the 
siud  the  former.  '^  t 


[lown  ill 


d 

111 

^-..  iie 

m\,        I 

couscuted,  but  when  we  rear.  uarket- 

place,  be  nafiisetl  to  get  down^  u£»ertiDg  that 
my  hois<»  belonged  to  Iiim,  tmd  that  yonr 
worship  would  BUJ'  JO  it  tfi  him,  who 

wanted  it  moat,     i  :<»rd  C^adl,  is  pre- 

ciselv  the  state  of  tiie  c^y^e — I  swear  it  by 
Mahomet ! " 

"AJy  lord,"  fcaid  the  cripple,  **a8  I  waa 
cominij  on  buatnes^  to  tlic  joarket,  auil  nding 
thia  horae,  which  belongs  t^^  "■^  t  ^^^  tJija 
man  seated  by  the  ruiui-sidi  .y  half 

dead  from  fatigue.     I  grxtd-i  .tfered 

to  take  him  on  thi*  crnppei*,  and  let  him  ride 
as  &r  ua  the  market-place,  aud  he  eagerly 
thanked  me  But  what  waj*  iny  astojuslimtint, 
when,  on  our  arrival,  he  refused  to  j^'ft  down, 
and  said  that  my  horso  wum  his.  1  immedi- 
ately required  him  to  {ipjjeur  beforo  your 
worship,  in  order  that  you  tuight  decida  be- 
tween us.  That  is  th*-  true  3tat<5  of  the  ot>ae 
I  swear  it  by  Mahomet !  " 

Having  mad?  each  rej^eat  his  de{H>sition, 
and  having  reflectod  for  a  moment^  the  Cndi 
said,  '*  I./eave  the  honM  her«,  and  return  to- 
motix>w.'* 

It  was  done,  aud  BouAkas  and  the  cripple 
withdi'ew  in  dilTcnviit  direction:*.  On  the 
morriiw,  a  uumber  of  ^t^oiis,  l>esides  those 
imraediatcrly  interti.sted  uv  the  trials,  assembled 
to  hear  {'■  '     '     ' 

Tliti  (a  vere  called  fij^t, 

*'  Take  iiv»H  V  iM>  «  li.-,  .-*vid  the  Cadi  to  the 
former,  *'  and  keep  her,  I  advise  thee,  in  good 
order." 

Then  turning  towards  his  eh  itmux^  he  added, 
pointing  to  the  peasant^  *'  (Jive  this  man  fHfy 
Llowa." 


p 


He  WM  inatAntly  obeyed,  and  the  uM  <*r- 
ried  off  hia  wife. 

Thtii  cmue  forward  the  oU'inerchAiit  ftnd 
tlie  butcher. 

•*  Hei^/'  BJiid  the  Cadi  to  the  butoher,  « is 
thy  money ;  it  ta  traly  thine,  and  not  hia." 
Then  |K>iiitiug  to  the  oil-merchant^  he  aaid  to 
hl&  cA*tm*iSt  *"  (Jive  thia  man  fifty  blows." 

It  wnJH  done,  and  the  butcher  went  aw&j  in 
triumph  with  hia  money. 

The  third  cauae  woa  caUfd.  and  Bou-Akae 
and  the  cripple  came  forward. 

**  Woald'at  thou  recogiiiae  thy  horse  amongst 
twenty  othei-a  V  said  the  jud^e  to  Bou-Aka& 

"  Ye.%  my  lord," 

**  And  thou?" 

"  Certainly,  my  lord,"  replied  the  cripple. 

"  Follow  me,*'  aaid  the  Cadi  to  Bou-Akaa. 

They  entered  a  Urge  stable,  and  Bou-Akaa 
pointod  out  hia  horae  amongst  twenty  which 
were  standing  side  by  side. 

*'  Tis  well,^  said  the  }u6^  «  Betum  now 
to  the  tribunal,  and  send  me  thine  adversary 
hither." 

The  disguised  Scheik  obeyed,  delivered  hia 
meange,  and  the  cripjple  hastened  to  the 
stable,  aa  quickly  as  his  distorted  limbs  al- 
lowed. He  possessed  quick  eyes  and  a  good 
memory,  so  that  he  was  able,  without  ths 
sltchteat  heaitation,  to  place  his  hand  on  the 
rignt  auiraal, 

"  *Tia  well,"  said  the  Cadi ;  "  return  to  the 
tribunal" 

Hia  worship  resumed  his  place,  and  when 
tlie  cripple anived,  judgment  wa«  pronounce«I. 

**  Th«  horse  ia  thiue ;"  aaid  tiio  Cadi  to 
Bou-Aknfl.  "Go  to  the  atable,  and  take  him." 
Then  to  the  ckinauXf  ^  Give  this  cripple  fitly 
blows." 

It  was  done ;  and  Bou-Akaa  went  to  take 
his  horse. 

When  the  Cadi,  after  concludinf^  the  busi- 
neaa  ^^f  the  dnj^  was  retiring  to  h^  house,  he 
(bund  B<»u-Akiis  ^^^^iti^g  for  him. 

••  Art  thou  discontented  with  my  award  ?" 
asked  the  judge. 

*'  Noj  quite  the  contrary,"  replied  the 
SchtMk.  But  I  want  to  ask  by  what  inapinx- 
tion  thou  liaat  rcndere«l  justice ;  for  T  doubt 
not  that  the  other  two  cases  were  decided  aa 
equitably  as  mine.  1  am  not  a  merchant ;  I  am 
Bou-Aka»,ScheikofFerdj'Oiixdi,and  I  wanted 
to  judge  for  myaelf  of  thy  reputed  wimlom." 

The  Cadi  bowed  to  the  ground,  and  kiased 
hia  master ^B  hand* 

*"  1  am  anxious,^*  said  Bou*Akas,  "to  know 


tb^^  -'  ---«^  whieh  deUacatned    yonr 
d. 

^  ,,,  my  lord,  can  >»e   mor©  i 

Yotir  highness  saw  that  njd 

night  the  three  things  in  cii 

"  I  did." 

"  Well,  early  in  the  moratn^  I  lasoaec 
woman  to  be  called,  and  1  s&id  to  h«r 
denly — '  Put  fireeh  ink  in  my  inkstand.* 
a  person  who  had  done   the    aftma  tliiag 
hunilre^l   times  l)efore,  she    took    ths 
removed  the  Of>ttor^  wn«bf"^    *»  .—   boUi^ 
in  the  cotton  again,  aiui   p  t'rmh  io^ 

doing  it  all  with   the    utui  :.  .aneos  and 

dexterity.  So  I  said  to  myselt,  *  A  peasant*! 
wife  would  know  nothing  about  inkalajMW— 
she  must  belong  to  the  rri&A.*' 

**  Good,"  said  Ikiu-Akna,  nodding  hia  head. 
"  And  the  money  V 

"Did    your    higlmess  remstrk     that    thcl 
merchant  had  his  clothes  and 
with  oil  ?" 

"  Certjiinly,  I  did." 

"  Well  i  I  took  the  money,  and  ph&oed  it  in 
a  vessel  fillet!  with  watcr^  This  morning 
looked  at  it,  find  not  a  particle  of  oil  was 
be  seen  on  tlie  aurface  of  th«  wnter.  So  l] 
said  to  ra^-self,  *  If  tbia  money  belong<»d  to  the 
oil-merchant  it  would  be  igreasy,  £roa  the 
touch  of  hia  hands ;  as  it  is  not  soy  tlie 
butcher's  atory  must  be  true.'  '* 

Bou-Akaa  nodded  in  token  of  approval. 

"  Good,"  add  he.    «  And  my  horae  t  ** 

**  Ah  !   that  was  a  diiferent  busmen ; 
until  this  morning,  I  was  greatly  pushed.' 

"  Tlie  cripple,  1  suppose,  did  not 
the  animal  J " 

"On  the   contrary,  he   pointed    him 
imrafdiately." 

"  How  then  did  yon  discover  that  he 
not  the  owner  1 " 

"  My  object  in  bringing  vou  aeparately  iej 
the  stable,  was  not  to  see  whether  you  would 
know  the  horse,  but  whether  the  hor»e  wot 
acknowledge  you.  Now,  wl » < 
him,  the  creature  tamed 
lack  liiB  ears,  and  neighevl  %> 
when  the  cripple  touched  him,  he  kicked. 
Theii  1  knew  that  you  were  truly  hia  iuiiat«r." 

Bou-Akaa  thought  for  a  moment,  and  cheo 
said  : — 

"  Allah  has  given  thee  great  wiadom.  Tboti 
oughteat  to  be  in  my  place,  aAd  1  in  thine. 
And  yet^  I  know  not ;  thou  art  certainly 
worthy  to  be  Scheik,  but  I  fear  that  1  thonld^ 
but  badly  fill  thy  place  as  Cadi ! 


EHD  OP  VOLUME  THE  SECOND 


■t  tlig  JllfeM^  >a.  1«,  V(  lUint^wh  %iK«  ^^nx'^tTWn*.    Vthwcj!^  ^i  t%«»«^«n%1to«n^Vi 


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