JARBOB
Presented to the
LIBRARY of the
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
by
Mr. Malcolm Campbell
HOW TO LEARN GAELIC
Crown Hvo, Cloth, 280 pp. Price #s; by Post, Hs 4d.
Leabhar Nan Cnoc
COMH-CHKUINNEACHADH DO NITHIBH SEAN
AGUS NUADH
AIR SON
OILEAN AGUS LEAS NAN GAIDHEAL.
LH
TORMOID MACLEOID, D. D.,
MINISTER AN T-S<5lSGEIL ANN AN CAMPSIH.
SE002STD EDITION".
" His translations are read like original composition, and the pieces which he composed
have not been surpassed by any writer of Gaelic prose, of which Dr Macleod is the
acknowledged master." — Glasgow Herald.
The Arabian Nights in Gaelic
DIVISIONS I., II., and III.
Crown Octavo. Price Is each,' by Post, Is 2d.
This is a close version from the English Expurgated Edition.
The Tales are fascinating reading for School Children who
go in for earning the Specific Grant for Gaelic.
Am Port Nor a Bha Air Chall
AND OTHER SHEILING STORIES
By NEIL MUNRO.
TRANSLATED INTO GAKUC
By Rev. ARCH. MACDONALD, D.D., late of Kiltarlity.
Crown Quarto, J JO payes. l'rice, 4s; by post, 4s 4d.
"NORTHERN CHRONICLK" OFFICE; INVERNESS.
HOW TO LEARN GAELIC
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INSTRUCTIONS
GRAMMAR
AND
READING LESSONS
15Y
ALEXANDER MACBAIN, U/.D.
AND
JOHN WHYTE
FOURTH EDITION
Sttbernesa :
THE "NORTHERN CHRONICLE" OFFICE
1906
$ITY OF TO*?
PRINTED BY
THE NORTHERN COUNTIES NEWSPAPER AND PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
COMPANY, LIMITED
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION.
The demand for a third edition of " How to Read Gaelic " has
afforded the Authors an opportunity of making a few altera-
tions on the earlier editions. The Title has been altered at
the suggestion of some who considered that the work was well
adapted for a somewhat wider purpose than that of a mere
collection of Reading Lessons. The various sections of the
work have also been arranged in a more natural and convenient
order for practical use. Beyond this the book is substantially
a reproduction of the former editions.
The specific pieces — " Coire-na-Sithe," and " Finlay's
Letter to his wife " — provided to meet the requirements of the
first stage of the Gaelic Scheme adapted to the Code by Mr
Robertson, H.M.I.S., have been retained, notwithstanding the
changes recently introduced by the Education Department.
These pieces, and indeed the whole work, are still suitable for
the first year or more of Pupil Teachers' work, the P.T.'s being
still liable to examination under the Code, and retaining the
benefit of taking Gaelic at the King's Scholarship examination.
Of the two lessons — ' ' Calum Sebladair ' ' and ' ' Am Mac
Strodhail " — which are given with an interlinear literal
English rendering, it may be remarked that they contain a
variety of practicable and convenient phrases and idioms, the
possession of which by the pupil will form an important basis
upon which to build his acquisitions in Gaelic Grammar.
Inverness, A pril-, 1902.
PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION.
Beyond the correction of a few slight inaccuracies, and the
addition of a Vocabulary, no change is made in this edition.
Inverness, Nov., 1906.
URQUHART AND GLENMORISTON:
OLDEN TIMES IN A HIGHLAND PARISH.
By WILLIAM MACKAY, LL.D.
SECOND EDITION. &fr ILLUSTRATED.
PRICE 10s Gd ; POSTAGE 9d.
Reduced in Price to Is Hd, Postage, 3d.
Personal (lames and Surnames
OP
THE TOWN OF INVERNESS,
BY ALEXANDER MACBAIN, LL.D.
Price 5s; by Post, 5s (id. Cloth Gilt and Gilt Top.
The Days of the Fathers in
Ross-shire
By the Late Rev. JOHN KENNEDY, D.D., Dingwall.
NEW, ENLARGED, AND ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY EDITION.
With Introduction by the Late Rev. Gustavus Aird, D.D., and
Memoirs of Dr and Mrs Kennedy, by the Rev. John Noble, Lairg,
and the Rev. John Kennedy, Caticol, Arran.
"NORTHERN CHRONICLE" OFFICE, INVERNESS
CONTENTS.
OUTLINES OF GAELIC GRAMMAR—
Orthography and Phonetics—
Page.
Vowels and Consonants ....... 1
Vowel Sounds 2
Consonant Sounds ...... .3
Accent 6
How to Spell Gaelic Words 6
Accidence —
The Noun — Declension . . . . . . . .7
The Article ...» 12
The Adjective . . . . . . . . .14
The Pronoun . . . . . . . . .17
The Verb . . 20
The Arlverb . 25
The Preposition 26
The Conjunction ......... 26
Exercises in Orthography and Phonetics —
The Lion and the Mouse • . . . . Old Fable 28
Psalm 100 Book of P salmis 30
The Lord's Prayer .... Matthew's Gospel 30
Winter W . W. How, D.D. 31
READING LESSONS—
I., II., Malcolm the Sailor /. W. 33
III., The Prodigal Son Luke's Gospel 38
IV., V., The Shoemaker and the Fairies . Adapted by J. W. 41
VI., VII., Little John Macandrew . " Cuairtear nan Gleann " 44
VIII., IX., Queen Victoria at Taymouth . N. Madeod, D.D. 49
X., XL, The Black Tailor of the Battle Axe . "Omirtcar" 52
SPECIFIC READINGS—
I., Sgeul mu Choire-na-Sithe . N. Madeod, D.D. 57
. N. Madeod, D.D. 61
Adapted by J. W. 65
Duncan Bali 6S
II., Litir o Fhionnlagh Plobaire .
III., Murchadh agus Mionchag
IV., Cead Deireannach nam Beann
V., Oidhche na Callainne'an Tlr Chein . N. Madeod, D.D. 70
VI., Mac Og an Iarla Ruaidli
VII., Linn an Aigh
VIII., Tuireadh ....
NOTES ON SPECIFIC READINGS
A Ibyn's A ntholoyy " 72
" An Duanairc " 73
Old Gaelic Song 74
Price Is 6d ; by Post, Is 8d.
GAELIC READER
With OUTLINES OF GRAMMAR
FOR KING'S SCHOLARSHIP AND LEAVING CERTIFICATE
EXAMINATIONS
EDITED BV
ALEXANDER MACBAIN, LL..D.,
Author of " An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language."
For the use of the Higher Classes in Elementary Schools, with additional
pieces in Prose and Verse, and additional Notes by an Experienced Gaelic
speaking Headmaster.
"Aspirants for the Gaelic Leaving Certificate will find Dr Macbain's little volume most
valuable. . . . The selections for Reading and Recitation are chosen, it need hardly be
said, with judgment. They are all of high literary excellence, and that is the chief thing to
be aimed at." — Professor Mackinnon in Celtic Review, July, 1905.
Price, 5/- ; by Post, 5/6 .
APOSTLE OF" THE NORTH
THE LIFE AND LABOURS
OF THE
Rev. John Macdonald,D.D.,of Ferintosh
By the Rev. JOHN KENNEDY, D.D., Dingwall-
A NEW EDITION
With ILLUSTRATIONS and APPENDICES
By Rev. Principal MACLEOD, D.D., Free Church
Coll RGB, Edinburgh.
Cloth, Is 6d; by Post, Is 8d.
The Floekmastep's Companion
Containing Sheep Stock Valuation Tables, Dealers' and Graziers
Ready-Reckoners, Breeders' Calendar, etc., etc.
"NORTHERN CHRONICLE" OFFICE, INVERNESS
HOW TO LEARN GAELIC.
OUTLINES OF GAELIC GRAMMAR.
ORTHOGRAPHY AND PHONETICS.
The letters of the Gaelic Alphabet are only eighteen in
number — five Vowels and thirteen Consonants — but by means
of certain vowel and consonant groupings and modifications a
scheme of symbols is obtained which, though it appears some-
what complex to the eye, is at once simple, effective, and
quite sufficient for all the orthographical requirements of the
language.
THE VOWELS.
(1) Broad— &, 0, U; (2) Slender — e, i.
THE CONSONANTS.
Mutable.
(3) Plain— g, c ; d, t ; 1, n, r, s.
(4) Aspirated— gh, ch ; dh, th ; (lh), (nh), (rn), sh.
Immutable.
(5) Plain— b, p ; f, h, m.
(6) Aspirated— bh, ph ; fh, — , mil.
(7) With aspirated /, n, r, the sign of aspiration, h, is not
used in spelling.
In the following pages the word ' final' applies to syllables
as well as words.
VOWEL SOUNDS.
Gaelic Sounds.
English
equivalents
Represented in
Gaelic by
Gaelic Examples.
(8) Long a
'far'
a, ai, ea, eai
cas, sail, cearr, ceaird
(9) Short a
(a)
' sofa '
a, ai, ea, eai
car, fail, geal, ceairsle
(10) Long
'lord'
6, 6i, eo, eoi
corr, 6ir, ceol, leoir
(11) Short
(«)
'lot'
o, oi, eo, eoi
cor, toil, deoch, geoic
(12) Long o
' hoe ' *
6, 6i, e6, e6i
c6, cdig, le6ghann, dedlr
(13) Short O
* canto '
o, oi, (eo), (eo:
i) tog, fois, (?), (?)
(14) Long u
' pull '
u, ui, iu, iui
oik, cuil, ciurr, ciuil
(15) Short u
'put'
u, ui, iu, iui
cur, cuin, fliuch, tiuigho
(16) Long e
' where '
e, ea, ei, eu
se, dean, seimh, sgeul
(17) Short e
(e)
' whet '
e, ea, ei
le, gean, crein
(18) Long e
'whey"
e, ei, eu
gl£, c&r, teud
(19) Short e
' sur vey '
• (noun)
' machine
(e), ea, ei
(?), fead, geir
(20) Long i
(21) Short i
' i, io
mir, sioda
' piano '
i, io, ai
gin, crios, togaidh
(^2) The vowel digraph ao is really one single vowel. It
is always long, and resembles oeu in the French word ' coeur/
or the u in the English word ' curl.'
(23) The short sound of ao is represented by a and e
final and unaccented — cionta, corsa, fe61a, aite, uile ; a (ea)
short before dh, gh, and unaccented ch — oladh, seadh, lagh,
leagh, 6glach, buileach ; a in the article in all its forms — a',
am, an, na, nam, nan; and in most of the particles — mar, an, am,
ag (a'), &c. ; ai and oi, short, before the liquids I, n, r ; i in
the verb ' is,' in the conjunction ' is,' and in the word ' tigh' ;
and o short before gh.
(24) In the diminutive suffixes -ag (-eag) and -an, a has ita
short open sound a (9) — culag, caileag, caol&n.
Vowel Digraphs and Trior aphs.
(25) The only proper and constant diphthongs in Gaelic
are ia and ua, in which both letters are always distinctly
sounded — grian, uan.
(26) In the other vowel combinations, when flanked by
mutable consonants, only one of the vowels is sounded, the
others merely indicating or regulating the quality, broad or
slender, o the contiguous consonants — graidh, laigh, ceaird,
* The required sound is more purely met with in the French word ' beau ' (ho).
3
toil, leoir, geoic, c6ig, cois, cuis, cuir, ciuil, dean, gean,
seimh, csir, geir, sgeul, teud, sioda, fios, olaidh, &c.
(27) The vowels e and i in an initial or final position — eolas,
iolach, mnaoi, naoi, or in contact with b, bh, J, fh, m, mh, p,
ph, sh, th, in the same syllable, are sounded in vowel digraphs
and trigraphs in which they should otherwise be silent — beo,
fheoil, feart, caibe, fuaim, peann, cnaip, <fec.
(28) ai in the prepositions 'aig' ('at') and 'air' ('on' or
' after '), is, in most dialects, sounded like ai in the word
' mountain.'
(29) Vowels are nasal when in contact with m, mh, or it.
(30) Long a and long o before 11 and nn are sounded au
and ou in most dialects — call (caull), toll (toull), ann (aunn), (fee.
CONSONANT SOUNDS.
(31) The Consonants, except the lip-letters b, /, m, p, are
mutable, having a broad or a slender quality according as they
are in contact with broad or slender vowels.
(32) With the exception of the liquids and nasals (l,m, n, r),
aud the hiss (s), the Consonants in Gaelic are voiceless, and
represent organ-positions rather than articulate sounds. The
murmur of the nasals, however, passes into a succeeding con-
sonant — am bata, an cu, an duine.
(33) b = English p barr, abair, cabar.
(34) bh = English v. When final it is bha, gabh, dubh,
often sounded like English w, gheabh, treabh,
or is altogether silent. leabhar.
(35) C broad (that is, in contact with
a, o, u,) = English c hard. (Final
C, see 70). cas, corr, cu.
(36) C slender (that is, in contact with
e, i,) = outer English c hard, like k
in ' king' (k'ing). (Final c, see 70). cir, ceum.
(37) eh broad, — ch in Scotch ' loch ' or
German ' nach. j chum, luch, mach.
(38) ch slender, = ch in German ' ich.' chi, teich.
(39) d broad, = English t, pronounced
with the point of the tongue well
down against the front lower gum.
(d in chd, see 71). d';n, gad.
(40) d slender, = palatalised English t, as
in ' tune.' The position of the
tongue is as for d broad. (d in
chd, see 71).
(41) dh broad, =gh broad (47).
(42) dh slender, = gh slender (48).
(43) f= English/.
(44) fh is silent, except in ' fhathast,'
I fhein,' ' fhuair,' in which the /
alone is silent.
(45") g* broad, = English c hard.
(46) g" slender, = outer English c hard.
(47) gh broad, = gutturalised g, resem-
bling a burr, or g in the German
word ' tage.' When final it is
often but faintly heard.
(48) gfh slender, =y in the English word
'yes.'
(49) h = English h.
(50) 1 initial, unaspirated, and 11 final,
broad, = I sounded with the point
of the tongue well down against
the front lower gum.
(51) 1 initial, unaspirated, and U final,
slender, = Italian gl. It resembles
II in the English word ' million.'
(52) 1 aspirated (lh) broad, (back I), re-
sembles / in the English word
♦hull.'
(53) 1 aspirated (lh) slender, (front /), re-
sembles I in the English word
' hill.'
(54) m = English m.
(55) mh = English v. When final it is
often silent or resembles English w.
(56) n initial, unaspirated, and nn final,
broad, = n sounded with the point
of the tongue well down against
the front lower gum.
(57) n initial, unaspirated, and nn final,
slender, = French gn. Resembles n
in the English word * vineyard.'
Examples.
dion, bid, diuid.
fas, fuil.
dh' fhill, dh' fhan.
gab, mag.
gin, smig.
agh, dha.
righ, dhe.
a h-uan, na h-eich.
la, null,
leann, cill.
mo lamh, cal.
mo leanabh, mil.
am, m6r.
damh, mhol, domh.
nadur, lunn.
nead, cinn.
Examples.
(58) n aspirated (nh) broad, (back n), = n
in the English word ' nun.' mo naire, dan.
(59) n aspirated (nh) slender, (front n), =
n in the English word ? ninny.' mo nighean, niin.
(60) p = English p. (Final p, see 70). pog, pios.
(61) ph = English/. phos, phinn.
(62) P broad, (back r), =in the English
word ' run.' It is always trilled. run, m6r.
(63) p slender, (front r), = front English r.
It is always trilled. rithist, cir.
(64) S broad, = s in the English word ' so.'
It is silent after t-. In the Gaelic
words 'so' ('here') and ' sud '
(' yonder'), it has the sound of s in
1 sugar.' cas, sar.
(65) s slender, = * in the English word
1 sugar.' It is silent after t . caise, sin, cis.
(66) sh = English h. sheas, shar.
(67) t broad, = t sounded with the point
of the tongue well down against
the front lower gum. (Final t,
see 70). tonn, tal, tog.
(68) t slender, ■■= palatalised t. Resembles
English tch, or tj, voiceless, or t in
the English word ' tune.' The
position of the tongue is as with t
broad. (Final t, see 70). teann, till, aite.
(69) th = English h. It is silent in the
word * thu ' (' thou '). tha, sath, thog.
(70) C, p, t, are explodent. C final, and
p and t after short vowels, take
the explosion, or breathing before mac = malic ; ap =
them, in most dialects. ahp ; cat = caht.
(71) chd = chc. luchd = Iuchc;oehd
= ochc.
(72) n after initial c, g, and m, is commonly sounded r — cnoc,
**• gnuis, mnaoi.
ACCENT
(73) All simple Gaelic words are accented on the first
syllable.
(74) Where the accented term in compound words is not
the first syllable, a hyphen is placed before it — cas-chrom,
baile-margaidh, bean-bainnse.
HOW TO SPELL GAELIC WORDS.
In the following table the thick and thin upright lines
represent broad and slender consonants respectively. Between
them are placed the vowels required to produce the simple
sounds indicated in the left margin. When the pupil learns to
distinguish the broad or slender quality of the consonants in
any word he has no difficulty in supplying from the table the
required vowel symbols for completing the word. For example,
take the word ' toiseachaidh.' The ear detects broad t, slender
s % broad ck, and slender dh ; thus —
Consonants - - - t s ch dh) , , . , ...
, r , / , ,, v ,. w Ubiseachaidn.
Vowels (as per table) 01 ea ai J
(The silent convoy- vowels are put in italics.)
Long a a hi ehi eh
Short a a a* eai en
Long 6 6 bi ebi eb
Long 6 6 6i ebi eb
Short o o oi eoi eo
Long u u hi iiii til
Short u u ut tin in
Long e bi ea (euy
Long 6 ei eu
Short e ei ea
Long i i . \o
Short i a\ i \o
Long ao ao aot
Short ao a ai
la
ua
ia
*The digraph eu is frequently used to represent grave e as in 'breug :
but ia is generally preferable — breag, dear, leas, Ac.
ACCIDENCE.
THE NOUN.
Declension.
The noun has four cases — Nominative, Genitive, Dative,
and Vocative. The Accusative is of the same form as the
Nominative.
There are two numbers — Singular and Plural, but remains
of a Two or Dual number exist with da, which in the nom.
takes a form agreeing with the dat. sing. ; as da /hear, two
men ; da chois, two feet, from fear and cas, respectively.
The Gender of a noun is known only from the influence
upon it of the Article preceding it, or from its own influence on
the Adjective following. Feminine nouns are initially aspirated,
if possible, by the Article, and themselves aspirate the initial
consonant, if it exists, of Adjectives and other words in close
contact following. This process is reversed in the gen.
masculine nouns showing initial aspiration and aspirating the
sucoeeding word, while the feminine gen. makes no other
change than its own gen. inflection. There is no distinction
of gender in the plural.
As to Declension, nouns are firstly classified according as
they form their plural, which should end in a consonant.
Nouns having i in the plural, either singly or in digraph form,
before the final consonant or consonants, belong to the Strong
Declension ; nouns adding final n, broad, for the plural belong
to the Weak Declension or to the Mixed Declension. The
Weak Declension shows no inflection for cases either in the
.singular or in the plural.
I. — Strong Declension.
The root vowel or digraph in monosyllables, or in poly-
syllables the final vowel or digraph, is broad ; the gen. and voc.
sing, and nom. pi. insert t. The dat. pi. may be in ibh final,
if the word is a monosyllable. All nouns of this declension are
maec.
Singular
Nom. bard
Gen. baird
Bat. bard
bard, a bard.
Plural.
baird
bhard
baird, bardaibh
Voc. a bhaird
a bharda
The final vowel is usually a singly or in digraph. Diminutives and
other nouns in -an, and most derivatives in -ach, belong to thi»
declension : aran, bread, gen. and voc. sing., and nom. pi. arain ;
balach, lad, g. balaich.
In monosyllables the following changes take place on the root
vowel or digraph in forming the gen. sing, and nom. plural : —
g. graidh
g. cait
g. fuilt
g. eich
g. cinn
g. feulh
g. uain
g.b\\
g. uird
g. buic
g. laoigh
g. ciuil
y.sll
g. cuil \
g, be6il
Polysyllables usually have a or ea as the final vowel ; a becomes a%
in the genitive ; ea becomes i, save before liquids, when ea become*
ti. E.g. coileach, cock, g. coilich. Polysyllables in io have ».
1 a becomes .... at :
gradh, love
a „ ai :
cat, cat
a with liquids becomes ui :
fait, hair
2 ea becomes . . . . ei :
each, horse
ea with liquids becomes » :
ceann, head
3 ia becomes . . . . e"i :
fiadh, deer
4 «a ,, .... uai :
uan, lamb
5 6 ,, . . . . oi :
61, drinking
6 with rd, rn becomes ui :
6rd, hammer
6 o becomes .... ui :
boc, OMC&
1 ao „ .... aoi :
laogh, ca//"
ceol, wimsi'c
8 ed „ .... iki :
9 io ,, . . . . i :
siol, seed
10 u, u „ ... Ui, ui :
cul, 6ac^
11 ewwith liquids becomes edi:
beul, mouth
Strong Decl. Nouns weakened in the PluraL
bealach, a pass ; 16n, a mead.
Sing.
Plu.
Polysyllabic nouns, especially in -ach (nearly all in -lack) and -an,
are apt to be thus declined. Derivatives in -as, -?w, and -adh, belong
here usually, as do even monosyllables in n, which takes a t before the
plural n. So broilleach, bosom, g. broillich ; saoghal, world, pU
saoghalan ; cuan, sea, pi. cuantan; dorus, door, has the pi. dorsan:
aingeal, angel, has ainglean ; while dos, bunch, tassel, has g. dais and
pi. dois or dosan.
N.,
D.
bealach
Ion
G.
bealaich
16in
V.
a bhealaich
a ldin
N.,
D.
bealaichean
16intean
G.
bhealach
Ion
V.
a bhealaichean
a lointean
9
Some polysyllables in -ar are apt to make the plural in contracted 1
-ichean : leabhar, m. and f., book, pi. leabhraichean ; but bricUhar,
word, pi. briathran.
II. — Weak Declension.
Nouns ending in a vowel, in -chd, and in -air, denoting
agents or instruments, are of the Weak Declension. They are-
of either gender.
gille, m., a lad.
Singular. Plural.
Nom. gille gillean
Gen. gille ghillean
Dat. gille gillean
Voc. a ghille a ghillean
There is usually an inserted ch, th, or nn, between the final vowel
and the -an of the plural. In words having liquids before their final
vowel a t is inserted in a few cases. When the last vowel of the root
is slender the tendency is to flank the inserted ch with broad vowels,
and vice versa : thus bdta, bdtaichean ; cridhe, cridheachan ; bliadhna,.
bliad'hnaichean.
1, Words in a :
iarla
m.,
earl,
pi. iarlan
bata
m.,
stick,
pi. bataichean
teanga
A
tongue,
pi. teangan,
teangannai*
2. Words in e :
buille
/.,
blow,
pi. buillean
uisge
m.,
water.
pi. uisgeachan
coille
/.,
wood.
pi. coilltean
baile
m.,
town.
pi. bailtean
teine
m.,
fire,
pi. teintean
3. Words in o, d, u :
cno
/,
nut,
pi. cnothan
4. Words in chd :
mallachd
/,
curse,
pi. mallachdan
5. Words in air (eir, oir)
: dorsair
m.y
doorkeeper,
pi. dorsairean
plobaire
m.,
piper,
pi. plobairean.
III. — Mixed Declension.
In this declension the singular is Strong, or has inflection*
as the Strong Declension has, while the plural is Weak, and
ends in broad n.
1. The Feminine Broad Declension.
Feminine nouns whose vowel or digraph, if monosyllabic, is-
broad, or whose final vowel or digraph is broad, are thua
declined : —
10
cluas, ear cas, Joot caileag, girl
Sing. iV. cluas cas caileag
G. cluaise coise caileig(e)
D. cluais cois caileig
V. a chluas a chas a chaileag
Dual da chluais da chois da chaileig
Plu. N. cluasan casan caileagan
G. chluas chas ehaileag(an)
D. cluasan, cluasaibh casan, casaibh caileagan
V. a chluasan a chasan a chaileagan
The vowel changes in this declens^n are similar to those in the
Strong Declension, only a nearly always changes to ox in the gen.
and dat. sing. The dative sing, drops the final e of the fen.
In monosyllables the following changes occur : —
1 d becomes di : lamh, hand g. laimhe
a ,, ..... o» : clach, stone g. cloiche
2 ea ,, i : cearc, hen g. circe
ea with rg, Ig, g, ch, becomes ei : creag, crag g. creige
creach, spoil g. creiche
3 ia becomes 4i : grian, sun g. greine
4 ua ,, uai : tuagh, axe g. tuaighe
5 6 ,, di : br6g, shoe g. broige
o ,, ui : long, ship g. luinge
% ao ,, aoi : gaoth, wind g. gaoithe
1 \o ,, i : crloch, end g. criche
8 eu ,, 6i : breug, lie g. breige
A few nouns ending in liquids contract in the gen. : buidheann, com-
pany, g. bvidhne, d. buidhinn ; uileann, elbow, g. uilne ; coinneal, candle
g. coinnle. Add saighead, arrow, g. saighde.
2. Feminine Slender Declension.
Feminine nouns whose root vowel or digraph is in t, or
whose final syllable has i alone or in digraph, have the genitive
either in suffixed a or e, as thus : '
(a) siiil, eye. (6) cainnt, speech.
Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural
N. suil suilean cainnt cahmtean
G. siila shul cainnte chainntean
D. su.il suilean, suilibh cainnt cainntean, cainntibh
V. a shiiil a shuilean a chainnt a chainntean
(a) Of the sail class may be mentioned mil, meala, honey ; fuil,fala,
blood ; feoil, feola, flesh ; uaimh, uamha, cave ; buaidh, victory, g.
buadha and buaidhe, % pi bhuadh. Contraction may take place in
polysyllabic nouns, as duthaich, country, g. duthcha, pi. dMhchannan ;
kacail, tooth, g. fiadi, pi. fiaclan ; feadhainn, people, g. feadhna.
11
(6) Of the cainnt class, which is numerous, are gniiis, gniiiae,
countenance ; uaigh, a grave, g. uaighe, uaghach ; sith, peace ; caoir,
blaze ; druid, starling ; cuirm, feast ; tuil, flood, pi. tuiltean — a liquid
final with inserted t in the plural. Contracted nouns, usually with
liquids, are —
madainn, morning, g. maidne, pi. maidnean
banais, wedding, g. bainnse, pi. bainnsean
obair, work, g. oibre, pi. oibrean, oibrichean
abhainn, river, g. aibhne, pi. aibhnichean
To this declension form belong muir, f. and m., sea, g. mara, pi.
marawnan ; cndimh, m., bone, g. cndmha, pi. cnaimhean or cnamhan.
3. Stems in a Broad Voivel with suffixed a Gen.
These nouns are generally masculine ; the plural is in -an
or -annan.
loch, m., a lake.
Singular. Plural.
N. and V. loch lochan, lochannan
G. locha loch
D. loch lochan, lochannan, lochaibh
So cath, g., catha, m., fight ; sruth, m., stream ; luch, f., mouse, g.
hicha, pi. luchan, and luchaidh ; lagh, m. and f., law ; fios, m. and f.,
knowledge; earb, f., roe ; dealbh, m., picture ; piob, f., pipe.
4. Liquid Stems with the Gen. in a suffixed or inclusive.
(a) druim, m., ridge ; (b) cathair, f., chair ; (c) athair, father.
Sing. N. druim
cathair
athair
G. droma
cathrach
athar
D. druim
cathair
athair
Plu. JSf. and D. dromannan
cathraichean
athraichean
G. dhromannan
chathraichean
athraichean
(a) To the druim class, which oftenest have the stem vowel eu
belong ceum, in., step, g. ceuma ; leum, m. and f., leap ; beum, m., blow ;
dm, m., time, g. ama ; anam, m., soul, g. anma.
(b) Like cathair are declined luachair, f., rushes, g. luachrach ;
iasair, f., flame ; litir, f., letter ; cdir, {., right, g. cdrach ; creathall,
cradle, g. creathlach ; sdil, f., heel, g. sdlach, pi. sdiltean, sdilean, to
which add caora, f., sheep, g. caorach, pi. caoraich, caoirich ; dail, plain,
g. dalach, daile. Add also cuid, part, g. codaeh.
(c) Words of kinship are declined like athair, as mdthair, mother :
brdthair, brother, pi. brdithrean ; and piuthar, sister, g. peathar, pi.
peathraichean.
5. Stems suffixing n for the Gen. and other cases.
guala, f. shoulder.
Singular. Plural.
if. guala, gualainn guailnean, guaillean
G. gualainn, guailne, guaille ghuailnean, ghuaillean
D. gualainn guaillean, guaillibh
12
Somewhat similarly are declined talamh, m. and f., earth, gv
talmhainn ; brii, f., belly, g. bronn, d. broinn v. bhrii, pi. bronna ;
gobha and gobhainn, m., smith, g. gobhainn, pi. goibhnean ; cii, no.,
dog, g. com, d. cm, v. rAotn, pi. com, g. co?i ; fed, f., cow, g. and d. boin,
or b6, v. feAd, pi. fed, g. pi. feAd.
6. Masculine or Common Stems with su fixed e Gen.
About a dozen nouns have this inflection, which is as
follows : —
tigh, m., a house.
Singular.
Plural.
N. tigh
tighean
G. tighe
thighean
D. tigh
tighean, tighibh
V. thigh
thighean
So neamh, m., heaven, g. neimhe, or neimh ; ugh, m., egg ; im, m. r
butter, g. ime; tir, f. and m., land; and gleann, m., glen, g. gUnne,
with sliabh, m., moor, g. sUibhe or sUibh, which both take a t in the
plural — gleanntan and sUibhtean ; to which add ai?im, m., name, g.
ainme, pi. ainmean or ainmeannan.
IV. — Irregular Declension.
Here belong 6<?rm, f., wife, g. mna, mnatha, d. mnaoi, v.
bhean, n. pi. mnathan, g. Maw, d. mnathan or mnathaibh, v.
mhnathan ; deoch, f., drink, g. dibhe ; deoch, a drink, has
the gen. in cZeocA or deocha ; duine, man, pi. daoine ; leaba
or leabaidh, f., bed, g. leapa, pi. leapaicfiean ; beinn, f. r
hill, g. beinne, n. pi. beanntan, g. bheann, v. bheanntan ; Id,, m.,
day, g. /«£/ja, pi. laithean. Two plurals in r occur — H<?A, king,
pi. righrean, and gniomh, m., deed, g. gniomha, pi. gniomharra
or gnlomharan, which are allied by termination to the abstract
nouns bigridh, youths, youth, and macraidh, young men.
Some a 7 stems are peculiar — caraid, m., friend, pi. chirdean ;
ndmhaid, foe, g. namhaid, pi. naimhdean ; braighe, f., neck,
upper part, g. braghad (Braid-Albann in dat. or locative), pi.
braigheannnu or braighean ; and traigh, f., shore, g. trdghad t
trdighe, pi. iraighean.
THE ARTICLE
The base form of the Definite Article in Gaelic is an in the
singular and wa in the plural. In the following paradigm the
sign + means preceding, and s pure means .s preceding a vowel
or the liquids /, n, r.
13
Singular.
Plural.
Masculine.
Feminine.
Common.
an
As
gen.
mas.
na
am ( + b, f, m, p)
na h- ( + \
an t- ( + vowels)
an
na
nan
a' ( + bh, ch, gh, mh,
na
h-(
+ vowel)
nam ( + b Jt
ph)
an t- ( + s pure)
As gen.
As dat.
mas.
As nam.
('n, 'n t- after vowel-
ending prep.)
ft ™,P)
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
The gen. sing, masc, nom. sing, fern., and dat. sing. in. and f.
aspirate all initial consonants of the succeeding noun, save d, t, and s,
which last is eclipsed if pure, i.e., before vowels and I, n, r, as an t-shil,
the eye, pronounced an ticil (=an t-shiiil). The aspiration of I, n, r is
not indicated in writing ; /, becoming fh, disappears in sound after
<an. Anns + axb. is contracted into seen, sa', sna.
Examples of Article and Noun.
Masculine.
Singid
ar.
Plural.
Nom.
Gen.
Nom.
Gen.
Art. + vowel
an t-each, the
horse
an eich
na h-eich
nan each
Art. + b,m,p
am mac, the son
a' mhic
na mic
nam mac
c, 9
an cu, the dog
a' choin
na coin
nan con
Art. + d, t
&n dxime,the man
an duine
na daoine
nan daoine
I, n, r
an laoch,</ie hero
an laoich
na laoich
nan laoch
sp, St,
an sporan, the
an sporain
na sporanan
nan sporan
sg,sm
purse
Art.+f
am fear, the man
an fhir
na fir
nam fear
Art. + s pure
an saor, the joiner
an t-saoir
na saoir
nan saor
Feminine.
Singui
'ar.
Plural.
Nom.
Gen.
Nom.
Gen.
Art. + vowel
an earb, the roe
na h-earba
na h-earban
nan earb
Art. + b,m,p
a'bhean,£Aeiq[/e
na mnatha
na mnathan
nam ban
c,g
a' ghruaidh, the
cheek
an tonn, the wave
na gruaidhe
i na gruaidhean
i nan gruaidh
Art. + d,t
na tuinne
na tonnan
nan tonn
I, n, r
an reul, the star
na reil
na reultan
nan reul
sg,sm,
an sgian, the knife
na sgine
na sgionan
nan sgian
sp, st
an speir, the hough,
na sneirf,
>.a *p^irean,
nan speir
Art. +J
an fhras, the
shower
na froise
na frasan
nam fras
Art. + spure
an t-slat, the rod
na slaite
na slatan
nan sla
14
THE ADJECTIVE.
The Adjective is inflected for case and number, and initially
aepirated to show gender. The case inflections in the singular
are the same in kind as those of nouns of the Strong Decl., the
Weak Decl., and the Fern. Broad and Small Declensions with
suffixed e genitive. The plural in monosyllables is, if the root
vowel is broad or the digraph ends in a broad vowel, in a
uniform -a ; in monosyllables with a slender vowel the plural
is in -e throughout. Polysyllables suffix vowels neither in the
singular nor in the plural. There are thus three declensions.
Strong Declension.
mor, great.
Sing.
Plural.
Masc.
Fern.
Common,
Nom
m6r
mhor
mora
Gen.
mhoir
m6ire
m6ra
Dat.
m6r
mh6ir
m6ra
Voc.
mh6ir
mhor
m6ra
So decline in the sing, polysyllabic adjectives in -ach, -mhor, -ar,
-or, omitting the e of the fem. gen. as a rule. The changes of vowels
are the same as in the nouns of the Strong and Fem. Broad Decl. :
thus, dearg, red, g. m. dheirg, g. f. deirge. With double liquids,
however, a becomes oi, not ui, as dall, blind, g. m. dhoill, g. f. doille,
and pi. dall, rarely dalla.
Weak Declension.
In this declension there is no inflection for case or number,
only the initial changes for gender ; as in bed, living, m. g. and
t. bheb, f. n., d. and v. bhed, g. beb ; pi. beb.
Mixed Declension.
glic, wise.
Nom,
Gen.
Voc.
Sing.
Mas. Fem.
, and Dat. glic ghlic
ghlic glice
ghlic ghlic
Plural.
Common.
glice
glice
glice
15
Noun and Adjective Conjoined.
cat glas, m., a grey cat.
Sing. Plural.
Nom. cat glas cait ghlasa
Gen. cait ghlais chat glas
Dat. cat glas cataibh glasa
Voc. a chait ghlais a chata glasa
Note that the dat. mas. with the article is do 'n chat ghlas,
where the adj. is aspirated.
Note also that the nora. plural of nouns of the Strong DecL
aspirate the initial consonant of the Adjective. No plural in n
does so.
cearc bhreac, /., a speckled hen.
Sing.
Plural.
Nom.
cearc bhreac
cearcan breaca
Gen.
circe brice
chearcan breaca
Dat.
circ bhric
cearcaibh breaca
Voc.
a chearc bhreac
a chearca(n) breaca
Comparison of Adjectives.
The Adjective has only one degree of comparison — the
comparative. In form the comparative is the same as the
gen. sing, fern., as ban, white, bdine, whiter. The indeclinable
adjectives of the Weak Dec. add, if consonant-ending, a or e t
as bochd, poor, bochda, poorer, cearr, wrong, cearra, more
wrong.
The commonest adjectives are, as in English, irregular in com-
parison, as olc, bad, miosa, worse ; and in addition they have, with
the Assertive form of the verb " to be," an agglutinate form in -d or
-de, from the prep, form e?e, " of it, therefor." E.g., Is misde e an
cath, He is the worse for the battle, which in Early Gaelic is more
idiomatically thus — Is mesai-de in cath d6, The battle is worse therefor
to him. The Gaelic grammars call this form the Second Com-
parative. A Third Comparative is found in the abstract nouns in
-d, as giorrad, shortness, daoiread, dearness, which, with the verb
rach, go, may express comparison, as — Tha 'mhin a' dot an daoiread,
literally, " The meal is going into dearness," but which is translated
as — " Meal is getting dearer."
The Superlative is expressed by the comparative with the relative
form of the verb " to be." Thus : 'S i Mairi as sine de 'n teaghlach —
" Mary is the eldest of the family," literally, " It is Mary who is
older of the family." Ordinary comparison is thus expressed : 'S *
Mairi as sine na Sednaid = i( Mary is older than Jessie." The fore-
going is the Assertive form ; pure statement is done thus : Tha Mairi
na 's sine na Sednaid, literally, " Mary is what is older than Jessie."
16
Irregular Comparison.
.
Positive.
Comparative
Agglutinate in -d.
: beag, little
lugha
lughaid, bigid
dona, olc, bad
miosa
misde, inisd
-duilich, difficult
duilghe, dorra duilghid
fagus, faisg, near
faisge
furasda, farasda, easy
fusa, fhasa, asa
gearr, goirid, short
giorra
giorraid
laid
ir, strong
treasa
treasaid
leathann, broad
leatha, leithne
math, maith, good
fearr
feairrd
mor
, great
mo, motha
moid, mothaid
vtoigh, beloved
docha
Numeral Adjectives
Cardinal.
Ordinal.
With Noun.
Without Noun.
1
aon
a h-aon
an ciad, a' chiad, /.
2
da
adha
an dara, darna
3
trl
a tri
an treas
4
ceithir
a ceithir
an ceathrarah
5
coig
a coig
an coigeamh
6
se, sia
a se, sia
an seathamh, siathamh
7
seachd
a seachd
an seachdamh
8
ochd
a h-ochd
an t-ochdamh
9
naoi
a naoi
an naoidheamh
10
deich
a deich
an deicheamh
11
aon (fhear) deug
a h-aon-deug
an t-aona (fear) deug
12
da (fhear) dheug
a dha-dheug
an dara (fear), &c.
13
tri (fir) dheug
a tri deug
an treas (fear), &c.
20
fichead
a fichead
am ficheadamh
21
aon air fhichead
a h-aon air, &c.
an ciad (fhear) fichead
22
da air fhichead
a dha air, &c.
an dara (fear), &c.
23
trl air fhichead
a tri air, &c.
an treas (fear), &c.
30
deich air fhichead
ft deich air, &c.
an deicheamh (foir), &c.
40
da fhichead
an da fhicheadamh
41
da fhichead 's a
an da fhicheadamh
h-aon
(fear) 's a h-aon
50
leth-chiad,' or da
an leth-chiadamh, an
fhichead 's a
da fhicheadamh (fear)
deich
's a deich
60
tri fichead
an tri ficheadamh
100
ciad, ceud
an ciadamh
101
ciad 's a h-aon
an ciadamh (fear) 's a
h-aon
an da chiadamh
200
da chiad
300
tri chiad
an tri chiadamh
1000
mile
am mileamh
2000
da mhile
V.
an da mlnleu.mil
71,000,000
rauillion
17
Personal or Collective Numerals.
2 dithis, twain 7 seachdnar, seven
3 tritiir, three persons 8 ochdnar, eight
4 ceathrar, four 9 naoinear, nine
5 coignear, yive 10 deichnear, ten
6 seanar, sianar, six N.B. aonar, alone-ness.
Aon aspirates the initial consonant of the next word, save d, t,
and a. Da takes the dual number, which corresponds in form with the
dat. sing, aspirated ; as da chirc, but the adjective is not inflected—
da chirc bhreac, except gen. and dative dual : le da chirc bhric.
The numerals fichead. ciad, mile, and muillion are nouns, and
govern the gen. pi. unaspirated of the noun, as fichead fear, twenty
men. The Collective numerals govern the gen. pi. aspirated, as dithis
mhac, two sons.
The expression " and a half " is done by " gn leth," as ciad gu leth,
•ne hundred and a half, that is 150. Iomadh and liutha(d) mean
*' many a."
THE PRONOUN.
I. — Personal Pronouns.
Singular. Plural.
Simple. Emphatic Simple. Emphatic.
1 mi mise sinn shine
2 thu, tu thusa, tusa sibh sibhse
3 e, i, he, she esan, ise iad, they iadsan
The addition of fhtin = self, adds more emphasis : mi fh4in =
myself.
II. — Possessive Pronouns.
Singular. Plural.
1 mo, m', my ar, ar n- ( 4- vowel), our
2 do, d', thy bhur ('ur), bhur n- ( + vowel), your
3 a, ' (aspirating), his an, am ( + b, f, m, p) their
a, a h-, 'h- ( + vowel), her
Emphatic Form.
Singidar. Plural.
1 Mo chu-sa, my m' athair-sa ar cu-ne ar n-athair-ne
2 do chu-sa, thy d' athair-sa bhur cu-se bhur n-athair-se
dog
3 a chu-san, his 'athair-san an cu-san an athair-san
dog
a cu-se, her dog a h-athair-se
These emphatic particles come last when an adjective qualifies the
subject, a* mo chit dubh-sa, my black dog ; m' each b<ln fhiin, my own
white hor^e.
9
18
Demonstrative Pronouns.
The Pronominal Adverbs so, sin, and sud (ud), here, there,
and yonder, do duty for Demonstrative Pronouns : thuit to r
this fell ; dh' fhalbh sud, yon went.
The Demonstrative Adjectives are represented by the article,
noun and demon, pro. together: thus — Am fear so, this man;
literally, "the man here." Am fear sm = that man; am fear
ud, yonder man. E so = this one, m. ; i sin ■= that one, f. ; tad
sud = yon ones, iad so = these.
Relative Pronouns.
The Relatives are three in number : a, who, which, that ;
nach, who not, that not, but ; na, what or that which. There
is no change for number or gender, and the only change for
case is in the rel. a, which after preps, takes the form an, or
am ( + b, f m, p). Examples are —
Am fear a thuit = The man who fell.
A' bhean nach do thuit = The wife that fell not.
Dh' fhag e na thuit = He left what fell.
An t-aite anns an do thuit e=The place in which he fell.
There being no distinction between the nom. and ace. of a
and nach, the rel. clause with a transitive act. verb is
ambiguous : An t-each a bhuail mi = " The horse which I
itruck "or " The horse which kicked me."
The verb has a relative form for the future tense and the
verb " to be" for both present and future tenses : Am fear
a bhuaileas — The man who will strike ; am fear as motha = the
man who \ digger, that is, " The biggest man."
Note.— In older Gaelic, the prep, an (am) was used for the locative
relative : An coire am bi na caoraich = The corry where the. sheep be.
Interrogative Pronouns.
C6 f Who f Co el Who (is) he ?
Gia t Which ? Cia lion or Gia mend ? How many 1
Ciod t What 1 Giod e, or Gu dt, or Dt? What (is) it 1
Co dhiubh f Which of them 1 G6 aca ? Which (among them)?
Cuin f When 1 Ciamar ? How ? C" arson ? Why ?
These all take the relative construction of the verb : G6
bhuaileas mi ? Who shall strike me 1 Literally — " Who that
shall strike me 1"
C" aite ? Where 1 This takes a locative rel. clause :
C aite am bi na caoraich ? Where will the sheep be ?
19
Indefinite Pronouns.
Cdch, the others, the rest, used without a noun : caeha chtile, each other
SHlt, other ; fear eile, another man or one ; muinntir tilt, other people.
Gach, each, every ; gachfear, each man, each one.
Uilt, every, all ; a h-uiltfear, all men, every one.
Bith, world; sam bith and air bith = " ever," any; as cd air bith =
whoever, fear sam bith = any one.
Eigin, some (necessity) : fear-eigin, some one ; rud-eigin, something or
other ; cuid-eigm, some one.
Chid, share ; used for "some," as Tha cuid ag rddh = Some say ; cuid
tilt, others. Cuid also is used with the gen. pi. for " own " :
a chuid daoine, his men ; a cuid mac, her sons.
Fear, neach, tl, U, aon, man, male or female one, and one, are used
indefinitely alone and also with some of the above words.
Prepositional Pronouns.
mi
tu
t
i
ag /
agam
agad
aige
aice
pi. againu*
agaibh*
aca*
air, 1
(for)}™ •
orm
ort
air
oirre
pi. 6irnn
oirbh
orra
ami, in . .
annam
annad
ann
innte
pi. annainn
annaibh
annta
?}o,ao/.
asam
* pi. asainn
asad
asaibh
as
asta
aiste
Q ° j from
(bh)uam
(bh)uat, (bh)uait (bh)uaith
(bh)uaipe
' pi. (bh)uainn
(bh)uaibh
(bh)uapa
de, of, oj .
diom
diot
deth
di, dith
pi. dinn
dibh
diubh
do, to . .
domh
dut, duit
da
di
pi. duinn
duibh
doibh
eadar, between
pi. eadarainn
eadaraibh
eatorra
fo, under
fodham
fodhad
fodha
foipe
pi. fodhainn
fodhaibh
fopa
gu, to . .
thugam
thugad
thuige
thuice
pi. thugainn
thugaibh
thuca
le, with . .
learn
leat
leis
leatha
pi. leinn
leibh
led
. . V about
umam
umad
uime
uimpe
(urn)/
" pi. umainn
umaibh
umpa
ri, to . . .
rium
riut
ris
rithe
pi. ruinn, rinn
ribh
riutha, riu
roimh, before
romham
romhad
roimh e
roimpe
pi. romhainn
romhaibh
rompa
thar, over . .
tharam
tharad
thairis air
thairte
pi. tharainn
tharaibh
tharta
troimh, through tromham
tromhad
troimhe
troirape
pi. tromhainn
tromhaibh
trompa
* Used also for of us.
20
mi tu
Emphaticforms agam-sa agad-sa
aige-san
pi. againn-ne agaibh-se
aca-san
Prepositional Possessives.
mo do a
ar bhur
Aig, ag, at
'gam 'gad 'ga
'gar 'gur
Ann, na, in
am ad 'na
'nar 'nur
Gu,'<o
gu m' gu d' g'a
g'ar g'ur
, rih'r-U
THE VERB.
an, am
'gan, 'gam
'nan, 'nam
g'ar, g'am
The Gaelic verb has Voice, Mood, Tense, Number and Person.
It differs from the English and Classical verbs in not having par-
ticiples active, and in having two forms of the Ind. and Subj.
moods, one used when the verb is or can be the very first word in
the sentence, and the other when the verb comes after a particle,
such as the interrogative particle an {am) and its negative
nach, the negative cha, and the conjunctions gun, nach, mu'n,
mur, and na!n. The form used after these particles is called the
Dependent Form ; the other is called the Absolute Form. For
instance, Buailidh mi, I shall strike, becomes, when in the
Dependent Form, Am huail mi? Shall I strike?
The Gaelic Infinitive is also peculiar ; it is an abstract noun
variously formed by the abstract suffixes -adh, -chd, t, -nn, Ac.
The Verb "to be."
Besides the Absolute and Dependent Forms, the verb " to
be" has also an Assertive or Emphatic Form, viz., is, as, Is
gbrach thu = 'T'm foolish you are : is mi a rinn e — \t was I who
Indicative Mood.
Absolute. Dependent. Assertive.
Pre*. 1, 2, 3 tha mi, thu, &c. bheil (* - a for am, is mi, tu, &c.
gu for gum)
beil ( - am
'eil ( - nach , mur, Bel. as ( a ' s ) , is or 's
chan)
Dept. nil
(Am mi
Cha mhi)
Fut. 1, 2, 3 bithidh or bidh bi
mi, tu, e, &c. bhi ( - cha)
Bel. bhitheas or bhios
bha mi, thu, &c. robh mi, thu, &c. bu mhi, tu
sinn, sibh
b' e, b' i b' iad
(aspirating
nouns and
adjectives)
* The sign - means after.
21
Subjunctive
Absolute
(and after cha and rel. a).
1 bhithinn, / would be
2 bhitheadh or bhiodh tu
3 bhitheadh or bhiodh e, i
1 bhitheamaid or bhiomaid
2 bhitheadh or bhiodh sibh
3 bhitheadh or bhiodh iad
Mood
Dependent
(after am, nach, na'm, mur)
bithinn
bitheadh or biodh tu
bitheadh or biodh e, i
bitheamaid or biomaid
bitheadh or biodh sibh
bitheadh or biodh iad
Imperative Mood.
Singular.
1 bitheam, let me be
2 bi, be
3 bitheadh, biodh e, i, let him
Infinitive — bith,
The verb "to be" has the impersonal forms thatar (thathar)
and beilear, there is ; bitear (bithear), there will be, let there
be ; and bhatar (bhathar) and robhar, there was.
Plural.
bitheamaid
bithibh or biobh
bitheadh, biodh iad
a bhith, to be.
CONJUGATION.
To conjugate a Gaelic verb the parts to be given are the
imperative, fut. and past indicative, and the infinitive. With
the regular verbs the imperative and infinitive are sufficient.
There are two conjugations— the Consonant Conjugation,
where the verb begins with any consonant save/; the Vowel
Conjugation, where the verb begins with a vowel or with/.
Consonant Conjugation.
buail, strike.
active voice.
Indicative
Absolute.
Future 1, 2, 3 buailidh mi, tu, &c.
Rel. bhuaileas mi, tu, &c.
Past 1, 2, 3 bhuail mi, thu, &c.
Subjunctive.
Absolute
(and after cha and rel. a).
1 bhuailinn, i" ivould strike
Sing.
Dependent.
buail mi, thu, <fec.
bhuail ( - cha)
do bhuail
Dependent.
1 buailinn, / should strike
2, 3 bhuaileadh tu, e, i
2, 3 buaileadh
22
PL 1 bhuaileamaid 1 buaileamaid
2, 3 bhuaileadh sibh, iad 2, 3 buaileadh
Imperative.
1 buaileam, let me strike buaileamaid, let us strike
2 buail, strike buailibh, strike ye
3 buaileadh e, let him strike buaileadh iad, let them strike
Infinitive — bualadh, striking ; a bhualadh, to strike ;
a' bualadh, a-striking.
PASSIVE VOICE.
Indicative.
Absolute.
Future 1, 2, 3 buailear mi, thu, (fee.
Part
Dependent.
buailear mi, (fee.
bhuailear ( - cha and
rel. a).
do bhuaileadh mi, (fee
1, 2, 3 bhuaileadh mi, thu, (fee
Subjunctive.
Absolute 1, 2, 3 bhuailteadh mi, thu, (fee. — / would be struck.
and after cha, a
Dependent 1, 2, 3 buail teadh mi, thu, &c. — / should be struck.
Imperative.
1, 2, 3 buailtear mi, thu, (fee. — let me be struck, be thou struck,
let him, (fee.
Participle — buailte, struck.
Vowel Conjugation. — 61, drink. fag, leave.
ACTIVE VOICE.
Indicative.
Fut. Absolute 1, 2, 3 olaidh mi &c.
Rel. dh' 61as mi, (fee.
Dependent 1, 2, 3 61 mi, (fee
Past Absolute 1, 2, 3 dh' 61 mi, (fee.
Dependent 1, 2, 3 d' 61 mi, (fee..
Subjunctive.
Absolute 1 dh' olainn
2, 3 dh' oladh tu, &c
Dependent 1 olainn
2, 3 oladh tu, (fee.
fagaidh mi, (fee.
dh' fhagas mi, (fee.
fag mi, &c.
{but chan fhag mi, &c.)
dh' fhag mi, (fee.
d' fhag mi, (fee.
dh' fhagainn
dh' fhagadh tu, (fee.
fagainn
fagadh tu
(but chan fhagainn,
23
Imperative.
Sing. PL Sing. PL
1 61am olamaid 1 fagam fagamaid
2 61 61aibh 2 fag fagaibh
3 oladh e, i oladh iad 3 fagadh e fagadh iad
Infinitive — 61, drinking ; a dh' 61, to drink ; ag 61, a-drinking ;
fagail, leaving ; a dh' fhagail, to leave ; a' fagail, a-leaving.
PASSIVE VOICE.
Indicative.
Future 1, 2, 3 61ar mi, (fee. fagar mi, (fee.
(but chan fhagar mi)
Past 1, 2, 3 dh' oladh mi, (fee. dh' fhagadh mi, (fee.
Dependent d' 61adh mi, (fee. d' fhagadh mi, (fee.
Subjunctive.
Absolute 1, 2, 3 dh' 61teadh mi, thu, e dh'fhagteadh mi, thu, e
Dependent 1, 2, 3 olteadh mi, thu, e fagteadh mi, thu, e
(but chan fhagteadh, (fee.)
Imperative — 1, 2, 3 61ar mi, (fee. fagar mi, <fec.
Participle — olte, drunk fagte, left
Periphrastic Tenses.
By the use of the verb " to be" and the inf. with preposi-
tions (a\ ag, at, and air, after, on), at least as complete a staff
of tenses can be formed as in English.
Indicative Active.
Pre«. Progressive: I am striking = Tha mi a' bualadh, i.e., I am at
striking.
,, Perfect: I have struck = Tha mi air bualadh, i.e., I am after
striking.
,, Perfect Continuous : I have been striking = Tha mi air bhith a'
bualadh, i.e., I am after being striking.
Futi. Indefinite : I shall strike = Buailidh mi.
„ Progressive : I shall be striking = Bithidh mi a' bualadh
,, Perfect : I shall have struck = Bithidh mi air bualadh.
„ Perfect Continuous : I shall have been striking = Bithidh mi air
bhith a' bualadh.
Past Indefinite : I struck = Bhuail mi.
,, Progressive : I was striking = Bha mi a' bualadh.
,, Perfect : I had struck = Bha mi air bualadh.
,, Perfect Continuous : I had been striking = Bha mi air bhith a'
bualadh.
24
Indicative Passive.
Pres. Definite : I am struck = Tha mi buailte.
„ Progressive : I am being struck = Thatar 'gam bhualadh.
,, Perfect : I have been struck = Tha mi air mo bhualadh.
Fut. Indefinite : I shall be struck = Buailear mi. Bithidh mi buailte.
,, Perfect : I shall have been struck = Bithidh mi air mo bhualadh.
Past Indefinite : I was struck = Bhuaileadh mi. Bha mi buailte.
,, Perfect : I had been struck = Bha mi air mo bhualadh.
Another method of expressing the passive in Gaelic is by the us*
of the verb " to go" — thtid and chaidh. The future in this case is
Thtid mo bhualadh (lit. "My striking shall go, i.e., occur) and the past
is Chaidh mo bhualadh.
Irregular Verbs.
ACTIVE VOICE. Indicative.
StTBJiN<;nvE.
Imperativb
:. Infinitivb
Future.
Past.
Bear
Abi.
beiridh
Rel. bheireas
rug
bheirinn
beir
beirsinn
breith
Dept.
beir, bheir
d' rug
beirinn
!
Say
Abi.
their
thubhairt
thuirt
theirinn
1 abram
2 abair
rAdh
Dipt.
abair
d' thubhairt
abralnn
3 abradh
s
Give
Abs.
bheir
thug
bheirinn
1 thugara
tabhaift
Dept.
toir
tabhair
d' thug
toirinn
tugainn
2 thoir
3 thugadh
toirt
4
Come
Abs.
thig
thainig
thiginn
thig
tighinn
Dept.
tig
d' thaiuig
tiginn
teachd
5
Go
Abs.
Dept.
theid
teid
chaidh
deach(aidh)
rachainn
rach
dol
Reach
Abs.
Dept.
ruigidh
Rel. ruigeas
ruig
rainig, ruig
d' rainig
ruiginn
ruig
ruigsinn
ruigheochd
7
Hear
Abs.
cluirmidh
Rel. chlutiuieas
chuala
i
chluinninn
cluinn
ohiiuntinn
Dept.
cluinn
cuala
cluinninn
S
See
Aba.
chi
chunnaig
chithinn
faic
faicinn
Dept.
faic
fata
faioino
»
Do
Abs.
nl
rinn
dheanainn
dean
deanamh
Dept.
dean
d' riu u
dcanainn
10
Get
Abt.
gheabh
faigh
fhuair
gheabhainn
faigh
faighinn
Dept.
d' fhuair
faighinn
faotainn
PASSIVE VOICE.
Participim]
1
Bear
beirear
rugadh
bheirteadh
ben ear
beirte
2
Say
theirear
thuirteadh
tlieirteadh
abrar
Dept.
abrar
d' thuirteadh
aV>airteadh
s
Give
bheirear
thugadh
d' thugadh
bheirteadh
thoirear
tugte
Dept.
toirear
toirteadh
tugteadh
thigteadh
rachteadh
thugar
4
Com
thigear
thaineas
thigear
5
Go
th&dear
chaidheas
rachar
Dept.
teidear
deachas
rachteadh
s
ReacX
ruigear
r.\ineadh
ruigteadh
ruigear
ruigte
7
Hear
cluinnear
chualas
chluinnteadh
cluinntear
cluinnto
1
See
Abs.
chithear
chltear
chunnacas
chunnacadh
chiteadh
faicear
faictear
faicte
L>,,t
tdicear
facas, facadh
faicteadh
1
bo
Abs.
nithear
rinneadh
dheanteadh
deanar
deante
Dept.
deanar
d' rinneadh
deanteadh
(dean tar)
GH
Abs.
gheabhar
faighear
flmaradh
gheabh teadh
faighteadh
faighear
Dtpt.
d' fhuaradh
25
Semi-Auxiliaries.
The verbs corresponding to Eng. may, must, and can arr
faodaidh, feumaidk, imiridh, and is eudar or jheudar, and
is urrainn (domh) ; dependent forms — faod, feum, and urrainn.
Past tense — dh' fhaodadh, dh fheumadh, and b' urrainn, with
dept. forms for the first two — faodadh and feumadh, is the
same as the subjunctive dh' fhaodainn, dh' fheumainn, and
b' urrainn (domh). Thus — I may stand = faodaidh mi seasamh,
where seasamh is the inf.
Defective verbs are arsa, quoth, as ars' iad = said they ;
theab, had almost, theab mi tuiteam = I almost fell ; feuch r
behold ! siuthad, proceed thou ; tiugainn, come thou ; trobhad,
come hither ; thugad, get out !
THE ADVERB.
Adverbs are formed from adjectives by prefixing gu, which
has h- before a vowel, as, gu math, well ; gu fior, truly ; gu
h-ard, highly, above.
The words ro, gle, and fior qualify adjectives and denote a
high degree of quality. Cho, with ri or agus as correlative, is
equal to Eng. as .... as : cho luath ri cii, as fast as a dog ;
cho luath agus = &s soon as. Idir and sometimes ann mean
" at all."
Time.
cheana, already roimhe, before
fhathast, f6s, yet riamh, ever
chaoidh, ever daonnan, always
Phrases : — a nis, now ; an drasta* just now ; a rithist r
again ; an diugh, to-day ; an de', yesterday ; am maireach r
to-morrow ; an earar, the day after to-morrow ; an eararais, the
second day after to-morrow ; an nochd, to-night ; an raoir, last
night ; an uraidh, last year ; am feasda and gu brath, for ever.
Pronominal Adverb: cuin, when.
Place. — Pronominal are ann, there ; an so, here, hither ; an
sin, there ; an sud, yonder ; a so, <fcc., from here ; as, out.
Rest. Motion to. Motion from.
hios, belo iu a sios, down a nios, from below
huas, above a suas, up a nuas, from above
thall, over a null, nunn, over a nail from over
stigh, inside a steach, into
muigh, outside a mach, out
hard, up an aird, up
a bhos, on this side a bhan, down
Negatives and Verbal Particles. — Cha (chan or cha'n
before a vowel), not ; ?iachn§k& a question negatively, an, am, a',
positively.
ri, ris, to
roimb, before
seach, past
thar, across
thun, to
trid, through
troimh, tre, through
PREPOSIT ON.
The Primary Prepositions are : —
aig, at eadar, between
air, on fo, under
an, anns, ) ^ gu, gus, to
ann an j gun, without
a, as, out of le, leis, with
bho, o, from mar, like
de, q/' nm, abo t
do, a, a dh', to re, during
These take the dat. case, with the following exceptions —
eadar, seach, and thar y govern the accusative, i.e., the nom. case ;
gus and mar similarly take the nom. of nouns definite (with the
article or a genitive), as gus a' chrioch ; thar, in the Southern
dialects, and thun and trid govern the genitive.
The most important CompoundPrepositions are : —
=a chum, chum, for the purpose of an aghaidh, against
•a dh' ionnsaidh, to, toivards
■a reir, according to
(a) bharr, off
au deidh, after
air beulaibh, beul, in front of
air culaibb cul, behind
an ceann, at (he end of, among
an coinne, to meet
mar ri, with
mu choinne, opposite
mu dheidhinn, concerning
mu thimcheall,timcheall,a&o«*
mu 'n cuairt, around
os cionn, above
o chionn, since
fad, throughout
air feadh, feadh, amongst
air son, on account of
Am measg, among
The above preps, except mar ri govern the genitive, whioh
depends on the noun or adjective in the phrase.
CONJUNCTION.
I. Co-ordinating : —
,(1) Cumulative : agus, is, 's, and.
t (2) Adversative : ach, but ; gidheadh, however.
(3) Alternative : no, or ; air neo, otherwise.
(4) Explanatory : oir, for.
27
II. Subordinating : —
(1) Substantival :
a. Of Statement : gu, gun (gum), that ; gur, that
(with adj., nouns and pron.) ; nach, that... not.
b. Of Interrogation : an, if, whether.
(2) Adverbial :
a. Time and Place : nuair (an uair a), when ; dar,
( = do-uair), when ; mu'n or mus, before ; gus
an, until ; far an (am), where
b. Condition : ma, if ; mar, unless ; na 'n, if (false
supposition) ; ged, though ( = ciod, with same
verbal dependence).
c. Reason : o'n since ; also a chionn gu (gun, gum), a
thaobh gu (gun, gum) ; so bhr'lgh, los.
d. Comparison : mar, as ; na, than.
28
EXERCISES IN ORTHOGR\PHY AND
PHONETICS.
In the Exercises letters very faintly sounded or entirely silent
are printed in italics.
The short, indefinite sound of ao H indicated by inverting' the
letters which represent it ; that is, inverted a and e in the
Exercises sound like o and e in th? English word ' cover?
Unaspirated 1 and n in an initial position are written double,
to indicate their peculiar sound (50, 51, 56, 57). This is con-
tinued all through the Reading Lisom, as sonv knowledge of
Gaelic or its Grammar is necessary before the reader can
distinguish the aspirated and non-aspirated liquids.
I.
(1) bha lleogh-Bnn aon 11a 'B mach b' sealg.
(2) bha Bn 11a flor bhla£h, o^r bha teots mor arms
T3' ghrem. (3) bha e sgUh, ag-us thu.it e 'na
chad-Bl fo sghil craoibh. (4) bha lluch-ag bheag
b' dol seach-Bd. (5) rui^h i ^ha^r-is air b shr5m,
ag-us dhmsg i e. (6) £hog e 'b spog ag-us chui'r e
air 'Bn lluch i. (7) bha e v' dol 'ga cur gu bas air
son cho dan-B 's 'b bha i. (8) bha -bii an-ail sBn
uchd aic-8, ag-us i air chri£h. (9) ghu^dh is
ghrios i air b lle^g-eil as. (L0) thuirt i nach ann
d' a debin a chuir i drBgh air, nach robh innt-a
ach beo^h-Bch beag, Hag, faom, ag-us, nach V/^iach
da b chas b shal-Bch-Bdh le 'B full. (11) rinn
29
lleogh-Bnn smeid-a gair-9 Bn u&ir b chunn-aig e
Bn t-eag-Bl b bha air 'en lluch, ag-us leig e as i.
(1) A lion was out hunting one day. (2) The day was veiy warm, for there was
great heat in the sun. (3) He was tired, and fell asleep under the shadow of a tree.
<4> A little mouse was passing. (5) She ran across his nose and awakened him.
(6) He lifted up his paw and clapped it on the mouse. (7) He was about to kill her
for her boldness. (8) She was breathless and quaking. (9) She pleaded with him,
and implored him to let her off. (10) She said that she had no wish to annoy him,
that she was only a little, weak, trifling creature, and that it would be unworthy of
him to soil his foot with her blood. (11) The lion smiled when he saw how frightened
the mouse was, and let her off.
II.
( 1 ) Bn ceann mn-a gho^r-id Bn deVdh so, aon 11a
b bha Bn lleogh-Bnn b' sealg, cha^dh b' gblac-Bdh
ann Bn rib-o. (2) Bn ua^r b dW fh&ir-ich e nach
robh dol as aig-o, £h6is-ich e air ran-aich cho
cruatdh 's gun do dhmsg nB cnuzc lets Bn/Tiuaim.
(3) chual Bn lluch-ag e. (4) dh' akhn-ich i b
ghu^h, ag-us ruitfh i gu lluB^h far Bn rodh e. (5)
bha e Bn sin b' cur nBn car dhe£h, ag-us gun
hios aig-a de a dhecm-Bdh e. (6) ann Bn tiot-B
ibms-ich Bn lluch air Bn llion b chreim far Bn robh
Bn t-snBim ceang-ail-to, ag-us cha b' /Aad-B gus
Bn do ghearr i troimh-9 e, ag-us leig i righ uaibh-
reBch nB co^ll-a fa-sgaotl.
(1) A short time after this, one day as the lion was hunting, he was caught in
a snare. (2) When he felt that there was no way of escape, he began to roar so
loudly that the hills rang with the sound. (3) The mouse heard him. (4) She knew
his voice, and ran quickly where he was. (5) There he was tumbling and not
g what to do. (6) In a
was tied, and she was not long in cutting it through, and setting the proud king of
knowing what to do. (6) In a moment she began to gnaw the net, where the knot
was tied, and she wi
the forest at liberty.
30
III.
Gach ml-e shlu'Bgh air £hal-Bmh £ha,
Semn-ibh le iol-'Bch ard do Dhia ;
Le h-aoibh-ne^s dean-aibh se^rbh-is dha,
'S le binn-cheol ard-aicb-ibh Bn Triatfh.
2 Tmg-ibh gur Dia Ie-ho-bha treun,
'S e mbain ^ cbru^h-aich sinn 's 'B dhealbh ;
M'Br shhregh 's rnBr cbaozr-icb fos dha/h^'n,
Is lleis-sran sinn gu lle^r nm* sbealbh.
3 Le bmdb-ei3ch-'Bs 'na Ihth'v "Q steach,
'Na gheat-aidh a^ll-idh ^hig-ibh dlu^h ;
Tog-aibh i3n ctwrt-e^n nnaomh' is £heach
D' a amm-s^n mol-^dh ard is elm.
4 CH'r tha, 'Bn Tigh-e^rn ma£b gu fior ;
Gu bra£h cba diob-air trdc-c&ir Dhe ;
Bidh y*Mr-inn mafcr-e'Bnn-'Bch gu sior,
Gun chaoch-ladA, buan, o re* gu re.
1 All people that on earth do dwell, 3 G enter then his gates with praise,
Sing to the Lord with cheerful voice ; Approach with joy his courts unto ;
Him serve with mirth, his praise forth Praise, laud, and bless his name always,
Come ye before him and rejoice, [tell, For it is seemly so to do.
2 Know that the Lord is God indeed ; 4 Forwhy the Lord our God is good ;
Without our aid he did us make ; His mercy is for ever sure ;
We are his flock, he doth us feed, His truth at all times firmly stood,
And for his sheep he doth us take. And shall from age to age endure.
IV.
(1) Ar n-A^hair -b ta air Nneamh ; (2) gun
nnaomh-aich-eBr d' amm. (3) Jhig-e^dh do rlogh-
vtchd. (4) Dean -'Br do thoil air -Bn Tal-^mh nTBr a
31
nim-^ar air Nneamh. (5) Thoiv dhumn an dmgfo
ar n-ar-an Uaidi-e^l. (6) Ag-us maim dhumn
ar fiach-'en m'Br v, mhaim-e'es sinn-9 d' ar Muchd-
flach. (7) Ag-us na lle^g 'em bua^r-e'edh sinn ;
(8) ach saor sinn o olc. (9) Oir is lleat-s'B T3n
viogh-^echd, ag-us ^n cumh-vchd, ag-us 'b' ghlcm-,.
gu sior-rm'dh. A-men.
(1) Our Father which art in Heaven: (2) hallowed be thy Name. (3) The-
kingdom come. (4) Thy will be done in earth as it is in Heaven. (5) Give us this
day our daily bread. (6) And forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors (7>
And lead us not into temptation ; (8) but deliver us from evil. (9) For thine is thfr
kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen.
1 Nis th& 'b g^ainh-ralh air gach taobh,
'S nna-dur teann fo 'n rfo«h-^dh chruaidh
'S fuar-aidh, 116m, gach llus is craobh,
'S gach sion aog-naidh rmsr ■en uaigh.
2 Chan 'eil e ach misr ran de
Bho 'n b riogh-aich samh-r^dh uai'n',
Bho 'n v, chrmnn-ich-eisdh vm fewr,
'S o 'n 13 chrioch-naich-e'edh -e' bhuain.
3 Llkith-evn grian-'ech dh' im-ich uainn ;.
So misr theid sly bliadh-naidh as,
Aon air sail -teen aoin, gu buan,
'S iad na 's lluaitfh' na cheil-a bras.
4 TTia ar heath-v breoit-9, gearr ;
'S faisg -en geamh-redh is ^n t-ewg ;
'S mer un dm'11-eag, searg-t' air liar,
Tu it-id h sinn-8 bharr n^en gewg.
32
5 Ach ni 'n tal-'emh dusg-^dh suas ;
Till-idh ri^h-ist dreach nt?m flur,
'S eir-idh nna-dur as «n uaigh,
Bed le beath-'e ghlor-mhou* hit.
6 'S do wb nnaoimh, mi de^dh mm fois,
Thig am-dusg-aidh aoibh-ne'ech, m6r,
'S gheabh ar fe6^1 mi dooh v,s clos,
Gu ring earr-^ch buan n*? G16*r'.
1 Winter reigneth o'er the land,
Freezing with its icy breath ;
Dead and bare the tall trees stand ;
All is chill and drear as death.
.2 Yet it seemeth but a day
Since the summer flowers were here,
Since they stacked the balmy hay,
Since they reaped the golden ear.
Sunny days are past and gone :
So the years go, speeding fast,
<Onward ever, each new one
Swifter speeding than the last.
4 Life is waning ; life is brief ;
Death, like winter, standeth nigh ;
Each one, like the falling leaf,
Soon shall fade, and fall, and die.
5 But the sleeping earth shall wake,
New-born flowers shall burst in
bloom,
And all nature, rising, break,
Glorious from its wintry tomb.
6 So the saints from slumber blest,
Rising, shall awake and sing ;
And our flesh in hope shall rest
Till there breaks the endless spring
33
BEADING LESSONS.
LESSON I.
Calum Seoladair.
malcolm sailor.
(1) Bha seoladair 6g aon uair air turus, 11a goirid
Was a-sailor young one time on a-journey, a-day short
geamhraidh, eadar da bhaile-puirt a bha astar fada o cheile.
of-winter. between two towns-of-se*port that were a-distance long from other.*
(2) Bha an Ua fuar, fiadhaich — gaoth nihor agus sneachd agus
Was the day cold, stormy — a-wind great and snow and
uisge trom ann. (3) Cha robh e eolach air an rathad ; bha
rain heavy there. N was he acquainted on the way ; was
an oidhche a' llaighe air gu bras, agus gun fhios aige
the night a-lying on-him quickly, and without ken at-him
c' ait an cuireadh e seachad i. (4) Mu dheireadh, an uair
what place that should -put he past it. About end, the time
nach robh fhios aige de a dheanadh e, chunnaig e Ileus
that-not was ken at-him what thxt should-do he, saw he a-gleam
beag soluis ; ghabh e misneach, luathaich e a cheum, agus an
little of- tight; took he courage, quickened he his step, and in
uine ghoirid rainig e tigh tuathanaich aig taobh an rathaid.
a-time shore reached he(the) house of-a-farmer at(the)sideof-the road,
(5) Bhuail e aig an dorus, agus ann an tiota dh' fhosgail
Stiuck he at the door, and in a-moment opened
bean-an-tighe e.
(the) woman-of-the-house it.
(6) " Am bi sibh oho math/' ars' esan, " agus gun
Will-be you so good," quoth he, "and that
toir sibh dhomh cead suidhe aig an teine gu madainn?
will-give you to-me leave to sit at the fire till morning?
(7) Tha mi fliuch, sgith, agus chan urrainn domh mo rathad a
Am I wet, tired, and not (is) ability to-me my way to
dheanamh anns an dorch'v"
make in the daik."
* cheile, literally 'mate or 'fellow.'
34
(8) "Thig a stigh, a dhuine bhochd," thuirt ise 5
" Come in-the-house, man poor, said sht,
" cha teid thu na's fhaide an nochd. (9) Boohd agus mar tha
' not ahalt-go thou whatis-farther to-night. Poor and as are
sinn, ni sinn ddigh air biadh, agus deoch, agus lleaba dhuit."
we, will-make we a-way on food and drink, and a-bed to-you."
(10) An uair a chaidh e stigh, fhuair e failte a cheart
The time that went he in-the-house, got he -welcome just
cho cairdeil o fhear-an-tighe ; agus dh' eirich a' chlann bheag
as friendly from (the) man-of-the-house ; and got-up the children little
gu modhail, agus thug iad aite dha a choir an teine. (11)
respectfully, and gave theya-placeto-him near* of-the fire.
Thug am boireannach cneasda aodach agus brogan tioram da,
Gave the woman kind clothes and shoes dry to-him,
agus cho robh i fada a' cur aird air aran, is im, is caise,
and not was she long putting readiness on bread, and butter, and cheese,
agus bainne blath na buaile, do ; n t-seoladair. (12) Chuir e
and milk warm of-the fold, to the sailor. Put him
fhein agus an teaghlach grinn seachad an oidhche gu seasgair,
self and the family excellent past the night comfortably,
cridheil ; agus an uair a dh/ iarr an tuathanach beannachd an
heartily ; and the time that asked the farmer (the) blessing of-the
Ti-is-Airde air a' chuideachd, ghuidh e cadal math do n
One-(that)-is-Higbest on the company, wished he a-sleep good to the
choigreach, agus chaidh iad uile a laighe. (13) Chaidil an
stranger, and went they all to lie-down. Slept the
sedladair gu trom gus an cual' e am buachaille a' freasdal do 'n
sailor heavily till that heard he the cow-herd attending to the
chrodh aig beul an Ua. (14) An uair a dh' eirich e bha
cattle at (the) mouth of-the day. The lime that got-up he was
am biadh-maidne air a' bhord, deas, glan, agus aoibh air gach
the food-of-morning on the table, ready, clean, and cheer on overy
aghaidh ris. (15) Dh' ith e a leoir mhor, agus an sin thog e
face to-him. Ate he his plenty great, and then lifted he
air gu falbh.
on-him to go-away.
(16) "Chan urrainn domh," thuirt esan, "dioladh aig an
" Not (is) ability to-me," said he, " to recompense at the
am so air son 'ur coibhneis ; ach cha di-chuimhnich mi
time this on account of-your kindness ; but not shall-forget I
gu brath e ; agus co aige tha fios naoh cuir am Freasdal
till judgment it ; and who at-him is ken that-not will-put the. Providence
am chomas, lla-eigin, rud . is fhearr na buidheachas a
in-my power, a-day-some, a-thing (that) is better than thanks to
* ohdir, lit. ' right.' Being a noun, it takes the genitive after it.
36
thairgseadh dhuibh? (17) Chan 'eil agam duibh an drast ach
offer to-you? Not is at-me to-you in meant ime but
mo mhile beannachd. (18) Slan leibh!"
my thousand of-blessings. Well with-you !"
(19) " Mar sin leat-sa, agus soirbheachadh math dhuit," ars'
"Like that with-Mee, and success gcod to-thee,'' said
an tuathanach.
the fanner
(20) " D' fhaicinn slan," ars' a' bhean ; " ach mu 'n
"Thy seeing well," quoth the woman; "but ere
dealaich sinn, innis dhuinn c' ainm a th' ort."
will-part we tell to-us what name that is on-tbee."
(21) "Foghnaidh 'Calum Seoladair' mar ainm domh gu?
"Will-suffice ' Malcolm (the) Sailor ' as a-name tome till
an till mi a rithist."
that shall-return I again."
(22) Dh' fhaisg e llamh gach aoin diubh gu teann;
Wrung he (the) hand -of -every one of them tightly ;
thog e air, agus cha d' fhairich e an uine a' dol thairis gus,
lifted he on-him, and not felt he the time going over till,
mu mheadhon 11a, an do rainig e am baile-puirt, far an
about (the) middle-of-day that reached he the town-of-seaport, where that
do ghabh e air lluing a bha gu seoladh do na h-Innsean-
took he on- a-ship that was to sail to the Indies-
an-Ear.
in-East.
MALCOLM THE SAILOR.
(1) Once upon a time a young sailor was travelling, on a short winter day,
between two seaport towns, which lay a long distance from each other. (2) The.day
was cold and stormy, and there was a high wind, and snow, anrt heavy rain. (3)
He did not know the way ; the night was fast falling upon him, and he knew not
where to spend it. (4) At last, when he knew not what to do, he saw a littlegleam
of light ; he took courage, quickened his step, and in a short time he came to a
fa mer's house a the side of the road. (5) He knocked at the door which was
in s tantly opened by the goodwife. (6) " Will you be so kind ' he said, " as to allow
me to sit at the fireside till morning ? (7) I am wet and tired, and I cannot make my
wa y in the d 'rk." (8) "Come in, poor man," she answered ; " you shallgo no farther
to- n . ight (9) Poor as we are, we will make shift to give y< u food and drink, arda
bed " (10) When he went in he had the same hearty welcome from the RooduirUi ;
and the little children respectfully got up and made room for him beside the fire.
(11) The worthy woman gave him dry clothes and shoes, and she was not long in
preparing bread and butter and cheese, and waim milk from the fold, for the sailor.
(\2) He and the kind fanily passed the evening comfoitably and heartily ; and
:»fter the farmer had asked the blessing of God cm the company, he wished the
stranger a sound sleep, and they all went to bed. (13) The sailor slept soundly till
he heard the cowherd attending to the cattle at break of day (14) When he got
up, breakfast was trim and ready on the table, and there was welcome on every
f ce. (15) He ate heartily, an i aftei wards prepared to leave (16) "itm not able,"
he said, " to repay you at this time for your kindness, but I shall never forget it ;
and who knows but Providence may some day put it my power to offer you some-
thing better than thanks ? (17) For the present I have nothing for you but my blessing.
(18) Farewell " (19) " Farewell, and good luck to you," said the farmer. ^20) " Safe
return to you," said the woman; "but eie we part, tell us your name." (21)
" * Malcolm the bailor ' will do till I come back again." (22) He shook hands with
them all warmly ; set off, and did not feel the time long till, about midday, he
arrived at his port, where hejoined a ship which was about to sail for the Fast Indies.
36
LESSON II.
Calum Seoladair. — Continued.
MALCOLM SAILOR.— Continued.
(1) Bha an llong corr agus trt bliadhna air a cuairt ;
Was the ship more and three years on her circuit ;
agus bha companach do Chalum ag radh nach deachaidh
and was a companion to Malcolm saying that-not went
11a seachad fad na h-uine sin, anns nach d'thug Calum
a-day past (the) length of the time that, in which-not gave Malcolm
iomradh air a' choibhneas a fhuair e ann an tigh
mention on the kindness which had-received he in (th-) house
an tuathanaich.
of-the farmer.
(2) Cho lluath agus a thainig an llong gu caladh an deidh
So soon and that came the ship to haven, after
dhi tilleadh do 'n duthaich so, thug Calum a charaid
to-her returning to the country this, brought Malcolm his friend
leis, agus ghabh e carbad chum an greasad a dh' ionnsaidh
with him, and took he a-carriage to their hurrying to*
an tighe anns an do mheal e a leithid de shuairceas. (3) An
of-the house in which enjoyed he its like of hospitality. The
uair a rainig iad dliith do 'n tigh, chunnaig Calum nach
time that reached they near to the house, saw Malcolm that-not
robh cuisean idir mar dh' fhageiad. (4) Bha bean-
were matters at-all as (had) left he them. Was (the) woman-
an -tighe a nis 'na bantraich, agus a clann 'nan dilleachdain.
of-the-house now in her widow, and her children in their orphans.
(5) Chan e mhain sin, ach aig a' cheart am sin, bha na
Not (is) it alone that, but at the right time that, were the
maoir a' cur a cuid a'n ksaoghal a mach air a' chnoc, gu
officers putting her share of-the world out on the hill to
bhith air an reic, a dhioladh fhiachan anns an robh i air
be on their selling, to (the) paying of-debts in which was she on
tuiteam. (6) Bha aireamh bheag shluaigh 'nan seasamh thall
falling. Were a-number small of people in their standing yond
'a a bhos, le cridheachan goirt, a' feitheamh gus an toisicheadh
and hither, with hearts sore, a-waiting till that should-begin
an reic.
the selling.
(7) Leum Chalum a stigh direach mar bha am maor
Jumped Malcolm in-the-house straight as was the officer
a' dol a thogail leis na creathlach anns an robh an lleanabh
going to lifting with-him of-the cradle in which was the child
• ionnsaidh , lit. • attack ' or ' contact.' Beinz a noun, it takes the genitive after it.
oige,
'na
chadal ;
agus a
mhathair bhochd 'na
y mnger
in
his-slaep ;
and his
mother poor iu
37
a b'
that wa«
suidhe r J a thaobh a' sileadh nan deur.
her sitting to his side shedding of-the tear**.
(8) "De is ciall da sol" dh' fheoraich e de 'n mhaor.
"What is meaning to this?' asked he of the officer.
(9) " Tha," flireagair esan, " an airneis r' a reic air son
;' Is," answered he, " the furniture to its selling on account
fiachan a' bhoireannaich so."
of (rhe)-debts of-the w >man this."
(10) "Air d' athais, a dhuine gun trbcair, gun iochd,"
"On thy leisure, mm without mercy, without pity,"
arsa Calum, agus e a' dunadh a dhuirn; "cuir llamh air
quoth Malcolm, and he closing of-his fist; "put a-hand on
slait de 'n chreathaill sin, agus chan fhag mi bior slan
a-withe of the cradle that, and not will-leave I a-stick whole
ann am fiodhrach-tarsaing do chuirp!"
in (the) timbers of -thy body!"
(11) Spion e an sin a mach a sporan, anns an robh
Pulled he then out his purse, in which were
aige tuarasdal thri bliadhna, ann am buinn 6ir.
at-him (the) wages of-three years, in coins of gold.
(12) "So/' ars' esan; "paidh thu fhein as a sin, agus
"Here," quoth he; "pay thee self out-of that, and
cuir a stigh a h-uile ball de dh' airneis na mna coire
pu f inthe-house every limb of (the) furniture of the wotian good
far an d' fhuair thu iad."
where that foundest thou them."
(13) Thionndaidh e an sin a chur failte air a'
Turned he then to put salutation on the
bhoireannach bhochd, agus i 'na seasamh llan ioghnaidh,
woman poor, and she in her-sianding fall of-wonder,
agus a cridhe an impis sgaineadh le taingealachd.
and her heart like-to bursting with thankfulness
(14) Cha robh an da shebladair ach gle ghoirid a' cur
Not were the two sailors but rather short putting
an tighe an ordugh, agus chuir iad thairis an 11a gu cridheil,
of-the ho'is a - in order, and put they over the day heartily,
sunndach, gns an d' thainig am feasgar, agus am b' fheudar
merrily, till that came the evening, and that was necessary
dhoibh falbh.
to-them togo-away
(15) Cha robh bliadhna uaith sin, gus an robh balachain
Not was a-yeir since that, till that were (the) boys
an tuathanaich comasach air aite an athar a ghabhail,
of-the farmer competent on (the) pla;eof-thiir fitherto tike,
38
nach do chuir Calum Seoladair suim airgid a dli' ionnsaidh
that-not did send Malcolm (the)Siilor a-sum of-money to
na bantraich, cho math ri goireasan feumail eile, agus
of-the widow, as well »o handy-things useful other, and
gnothaicheaxi nneonach a bheireadh e a nail as na h-Innsean
things cunous which would-bring he over out-of-the Indies
di fhein agus do 'n chloinn. (16) Shoirbhioh leo
to-her self and to the children. Prospered with-them
gn ciatach riamli tuilleadh; agus mur do shiubhail iad uaith
admirably ever more; and if-not have-departed they since
sin tha iad beo fhathast.
that are they alive still.
MALCOLM THE SAILOR-ConHnued .
(1) The ship was over three years on the voyage ; and a compvnion of Malcolm's
used to tell that not a day pissed during that time in which Malcolm did not speak
about the kindness which he had received in ihe hou e of the farmer. (2) So noon
as the ship returned to port after coming back to this country, Malcolm took his
friend with him, and hired a carriage to hurry them to the house where he found
such kindness. (3) As they aoproached the house, Malcolm could see that mat its
were not at all as he had left them. (4) The woman was now a widow, and her
children orphans. (5) Not only .-o, but at that moment the officers were putting
her earthly all out upon the hill, to be sold to pay certain debts into which she had
fallen. (&) Small clusters of people stood here and there, with heavy hearts, wait-
ing till the auction should begin (7) Ma'colm rushed in just as the officer wis
about to lift the cradle, in which the youngest child lay sleeping; with his poor
mother sitting beside him weeping bit^e ly. (8) " What^oes all this mean ?" he asked
of the officer. (9) "The furniture." he answered, "is about to by sold to pay this
woman's debts." (10) "Avast, >ou heartless, pitiless man," said Malcolm, closing
his fist ; " if you lay a hand on a withe of that cradle, I will break all the timbers in
your body !" (11) He then pulled out his purse, in which hp had three years' wages
in gold (12) " Here," said he, " pay yourself out of that, and put back ev ry stick
of the dear woman's furniture where you found it." (13) Then he turned to salute the
poor woman, who stood full of wonder, and her heart like to burst with gratitude.
(14) The two sailors were not long in putting the house in order, and they spent the
day heartily and cheerfully till evening, when they had to leave. (15) There was
not a year from that time, till the farmer's boys were able to take their father's
place, that Malcolm the bailor did not send a *um of money to the widow as well
as other useful articles, and curious things which he used to bring home from the
Indies for herse f and 'he children '16) Everything prospered well with them ever
after that ; and if they have not died since, they are still alive.
LESSON in.
Am Mao Strodhail.
the son prodigal.
(1) Bha aig duine araidh dithis mhac. (2) Agus fchuirt am
Was at a-man certain twain of-sons. And said the
mao a b' oige dhiubh r' a athair, Athair, thoir dhomhsa
son that was younsrer of-them to his father, Father, give to-m-?
a' chuid-roinn a thig orm de d' mhaoin. (3) Agus roinn
the portion-share that wiH-come on me of thy substance. And divided
e eatorra a bheathachadh. (4) Agus an deidh* beagain de
he between-them his living. And after of-a-few of
* deidh, after. Being a noun, it takes a genitive after it.
39
laithean chruinnich am mac t b oige a chuid uile,
days gathered the son that was younger his portion all,
agus ghabh e a thurus do (iiuthaich ad air astar, agus
and took he his journey to a-country far on distance and
an sinn chaith e a mhaoin le beatha struidheasaich. (5) Agus
there wasted he his substance with a-lif ■i wasteful. And
an uair a chaith e a chuid uile, dh' eirich gorta ro mhor
the time thai had-wasted he his portion all, arose a-famine very great
san tir sin ; agus thoisich e ri bhith ann an uireasbhaidh.
in-the land that ; and began he to be in want.
(6) Agus chaidh e agus cheangail e e fhein ri aon de shaor-
And went he and bound he him self to one of (the) free-
dhaoine na duthcha sin; agu° cnuir e d' a fhearann e, a
men of-the country that; and sent he *o his land him, to
bhiadhadh mhuc. (7, Agus bu mhiann leis a bhru a lionadh
(the) feeding of swine. And was desire with-him his be' ly to fill
de na plaosgan a bha na mucan ag itheadh ; ach cha d' thug
of the husks which were the swine a- eating ; but not gave
neach air bith dha. (8) Agus an uair a thainig e d' a ionnsaiclh
a-person on being to-him. And the time that came h* to him
fhein, thuirt e, Cia lion de luchd-tuarasdail m' athar-sa aig a
self; said he, How many of f oik - of - w i ges of -my father at whom
bheil aran gu lleoir agus r' a sheachnadh, an uair a tha mise
is bread t > plenty and to its sparing. the time that am /
a' basachadh le gorta. (9) Eiridh mi agus theid mi
a- ''ying with want. Will-arise I and will-go I
dh' ionnsaidh m' athar, agus their mi ris, Athair, pheacaich
to - f-my father, and will-say I to-him, Father, (have) sinned
mi an aghaidh fhlaitheanais agus ad lathair-sa ; agus chan
I in (the) face of-heaven and in-thy presence; and not (am)
airidh mi tuilleadh gun goirteadh do mhac-sa dhiom ; dean
worthy I more that should-be-called thy son of -me ; make
mi mar aon de d' luchd-tuarasdail. (10) Agus dh eirich
me as one of thy f oik - of - wages. And
e agus chaidh e dh' ionnsaidh 'athar. (11) Ach air dha bhith
he and went he to of-his-father. But on to-him being
fhathast fad uaith, chunnaig 'athair e, agus ghabh e truas
yet far from-hira, saw his father him, and took he pity
dheth, agus ruith e, agus thuit e air a mhuineal, agus phog e
of-him, and ran h«, and fell he on his neck, and kissed he
e. (12) Agus thuirt am mac ris, Athair, pheacaich mi an
him. And said the son to-him, Father, (have) sinned I in
aghaidh fhlaitheanais agus ad lathair-sa, agus chan airidh
(the) face of - heaven and in-thy presence, and not (am) worthy
mi tuilleadh gun goirteadh do mhac dhiom. (13) Ach
J .more that should-be-called thy son of-me. But
40
thuirt an kathair r' a sheirbhisich, Thugaibh a mach a'
said the father to his servants, Bring out the*
chulaidh is fhearr agus cuiribh uime i ; agus cuiribh fainne
suit (that) is better and put about-him it ; and put a-ring
air a laimh agus brogan air a chasan. (14) Agus thugaibh
on his hand and shoes on his feet. And bring
an so an llaogh biadhta agus marbhaibh e ; agus itheamaid agus
here the calf fed and kill it ; and eat-we an( i
biomaid subhach ; air bha mo mhac so niarbh, agus tha e beo-
be-we merry ; for was my son this dead, and is he alive
a lis ; bha e caillte agus fhuaradh e. (15) Agus thoisich iad
again ; was he lost and has-been-found he. And began they
air a bhith subhack
on to be merry.
(16) A nis bha a mhac a bu shine 'mach san fliearann;
Now was his son that was older out in-the land ;
agus an uair a thainig e agus a thar e am fagus do 'n tigh,
and the time that came he and that drew he near to the house,
chual e an ceol agus an dannsadh. (17) Agus ghairm e
heard he the music and the dancing. And callled he
d'a ionnsaidh aon de na h-oglaich, agus dh' fhidsraich e ciod a
to him one of the men-servants, and inquired he what that
bu chiall do na nithean sin. (18) Agus thuirt esan ris,
was (the) meaning to the things those. And said he to-him,
Thainig do bhrathair; agus mharbh d' athair an llaogh
Has-come thy brother; and has-killed thy father the calf
biadhta, a chionn gun d' fhuair e ris slan, fallain, e. (19)
fed, to the-end that found he again whole, sound, him
Agus ghabh esan fearg, agus cha b' aill leis dol a stigh ; air
And t< ok he wrath, and not was will withhimto-goin-the-house ; on
an aobhar sin thainig 'athair a mach agus chuir e iompaidh
the cause that came his-father out and put he persuasion-
air. (20) Ach fhreagair esan agus thuirt er'a athair, Feuch
on-him. But answered he and said he to his father, Fehold
tha mise a' deanamh seirbhis dhuit an uiread so a
am / a- doing sendee tothee the amount this of
bhliadhnaichean, agus uair air bith cha do bliris mi d' aithne,
years, and time on being not broke I thy command,
gidheadh cha d' thug thu meann riamh dhomh, chum gum
yet not gavest thou a-kid ever to-me, to that
bithinn subhach maille ri m' chairdean. (21) Ach an uair a
should-I-be merry witli my friends. But the time that
thainig do mhac so, a dh' ith suas do bheathachadh maille ri
came thy son this, who has-eaten up thy living with
stnopaichean, mharbh thu an llaogh biadhta dha. (22) Agus
barl ts, hast-killed thou the calf fed to-him. And
41
frhuirt e ris, A mhic, tha thusa a ghnath maille rium, agiis na
said he tohiin, Son, art thou of custom with-me, and the
h-uile nithean is lleamsa is lleatsa iad. (23) Bu choir dhuinn
all things (that) are with-?»e are with thte they. It-was right to-us
a bhith subhach, agus aoibhneach; oir bha do bhrathair so
to l>e merry, and joyful; for was thy brother this
marbh, agus tha e beo a ris; agus bha e caillte agus
dead, and is he alive again ; and was he lost and
fhuaradh e.
has-been-found he.
1HE PRODIGAL SON.
(1) A certain man had two sons. (2) And the younger of them said to his father,.
Father, give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. (3) And he divided
unto them his living. (4) And not many days after, the younger son gathered all
together, and took his journey into a far country, and there wasted his substance
with riotous living. (5) And when he had spent all, there arose a mighty famine in
that land ; and he began to be in want. (6) And he went and joined himself to a>
citizen of that country ; and he sent him into his fields to feed swine. (7) And he
would fain have filled his belly with the husks that tt e swine did eat ; and n« man
gave unto him. (8) And when he came to himself he said, How many hired servants
of nay father's have bread enough and to spare, and 1 ptrish with hunger ! (9) I
will arise and go to my father, and will say unto him, Father, 1 have sinned against
Heaven and before thee ; and am no more worthy to be called thy son ; make me
as one of thy hired servants. (10) And he arose and came to his father. (11) But
when he was yet a great way off, his father saw him, and had compassion at d ran,
and fell on his neck and kissed him. (12) And the son said unto him, Father, I
have sinned against Heaven and in thy sight, and am no more worthy to be called
thy son. (13) But the Father said to his servants, Bring foith the best robe and
Eut it on him ; and put a ring on his hand and shoes on his feet. (14) And bring
ither the fatted calf and kill it ; and let us eat and be merry ; for this my son was
dead and is alive again ; he was lost and is found. (15) And they began to be
merry. (16) Now his elder son was in the field ; and as he came and drew nigh tc*
the house, he heard music and dancing. (17) And he calltd one of the servants,
and asked what these things meant. (18) And he said unto him, Thy brother is
come ; and thy father hath killed the fatted calf, because he hath received him
safe and sound. (19) And he was angry, and would not go in ; therefore came his.
father out and entreated Ir'm. (20) And he, answering, said to his father, Le,
these many years do I serve thee, reither transgressed I at any time thy com-
mandment ; and yet thou never gavest me a kid, that I might make merry with my
friends. (21) But as soon as this thy son was come, which hath devoured thy
living with harlots, thou hast killed for him the fatted calf. (22) And he said unto
him, Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I h*ve is thine. (23) It was meet
that we should make merry ai.d be glad : for this thy brother was dead and is
alive again ; and was lost and is found.
LESSON IV.
An Greasaiche agus na Daoine-sith.
(1) Bha ann roimhe so greasaiche, agus bha e 'na dhuine
firinneach, ceart.
(2) Bha e a' saoithreachadh gu goirt, ach an deidh a h-uile
rud a bha ann, cha V urrainn da a chosnadh na chumadli b jo e.
(3) Mu dheireadh chaill e a chuid a'n t-saoghal, acli uiread
leathraich agus a dheanadh aon phaidhir bhrbg.
1(2
(4) Anns an fheasgar ghearr e a mach an lleathar, a' cur
roimhe eirigh moch anns a' mhadainn a dheanamh nam brog.
(5) Bha inntinn ghlan agus cridhe sunndach aige am measg
gach cruaidh-chas a thainig air ; chaidh e a laighe ann an sith,
dh' fhag e 'uile churam air Uia, agus thuit e na chadal.
(6) Anns a' mhadainn bha e a' dol a shuidhe sios gu 'obair ;
ach de a chunnaig e?— a' phaidhir bhrog, deas, glan, 'nan
llaighe air a' bhord-oibre !
(7) Is gann a b' urrainn do 'n duine bhochd a shuilean a
ohreidsinn, agus cha robh fios aige de a theireadh e.
(8) Thog e na brogan agus sheall e thairis orra gu mion.
geur, ach aon ghreim mearachdach cha robh annta.
(9) Thainig ceannaiche an 11a sin, agus thaitinn na brbgan
<3ho math ris 's gun do phaidh e orra gu toileach barrachd agus
a b' abhaist da.
(10) Le pris nam brog chaidh aig a' ghreasaiche air uiread
leathraich a cheannach agus a dh' fhoghnadh air son dn
phaidir bhrog.
(11) Anns an fheasgar ghearr e a mach an obair, agus
ghabh e mu thamh, a' cur roimhe a bhith air bonn moch air
madainn.
(12) Ach bha a shaothair air a caomhnadh dha ; oir an uair
a dh' errich e anns a' mhadainn bha crioch air an obair.
(13) Cha b'fhada gus an d' thainig ceannaichean a phaidh
gu math air son a chuid brog; agus bha a nis aige na
cheannaich lleathar cheithir paidhrichean eile.
(14) Aon uair eile ghearr e a mach an obair tra-feasgair,
agus a ris fhuair e deas, glan, i anns a' mhadainn.
(15) Mhair so car greis a dh' iiine.
(16) Na bhiodh gearrte anns an fheasgar bhiodh e air a
dheanamh 'na bhrogan aig beul an 11a.
(17) Is e a bha ann nach b'fhada gus an d'fhas an duinc
coir soirbheachail, beirteach.
THR SHOEMAKER AND THE FAIRIES
(1) Long time ago there livel a shoemaker, a truthful, upright man. (2) He
laboured hard, but after all that, he was nit able to earn as much as would keep
him alive. (3) At last he lost all h« possessed in the world except as much leather
as would make one Dair of shoes. (4) In the evening he cut oufe the leather, intend-
ing to get un early in the mornine to make the shops. (5) He had a pure mind and
a cheerful heart in the midst of all the straits which had come upon him ; he went
to bed in peace, leaving all > is cares on God. and fell aslpep. (6) In the morning he
was about to sit down to his work : but what did he see?— the pair of shoes, neat
and ready, lying on the work-bench ! (7) The poor man could scarcely believe his
eyes, and he did not know what to say. (8) He lifted the shoes and looked over
them minutely und closely, but there was not one faulty stitch in them. (9) A
purchaser came the way that day. ami the; shoes pleased him so well that he
•13
willingly paid for them more than, he was in the habit of do rig. (10) With the
price of me shoes the shoemaker was able to buy as much letiher as would suffice
for two pahs of shoes (11) In the evening he cut out the work and letired to rest,
intending to be on f L ot e.uly in the morning. (12) Bu^ his labour was spared him ;
for whe.t he got up in the morning the work was finished (13) It was not long till
f>UiChuM!H came who paid well for his shoes ; and now he had what purchased
eather for four pairs more. (14) Unce more he cut out the work at early evening,
and again he found it neat and ready in the morning. (L) This continued for some
time. ( ^) What was cut at evening was made into shoes at break of day. (17) 1 he
result was that eie long the good man became prosperous and wealthy.
LESSON V.
An Greasaiche agus na Daoixe-sith. — Continued.
(1) Air feasgar araidh mu am na Nollaige, mar bha e fhein
agus a bhean 'nan suidhe taobh an teine, a' cbmhradh r' a
cheile, ars' esan rithe, " Bu ghle mhath learn fuireach air mo
chois an nochd, feuch am faicinn co tha a' tighinn agus a'
deanamh na h-oibre air mo shon."
(2) "Ni sinn direach sin fhein, a dhuine mo ghaoil," ars' a'
bhean.
(3) Dh'fhag iad an solus llaiste agus dh'fhalaich iad iad
fhein air cul claraidh, ann an oisinn de 'n tigh, a dh' f haicinn
de a thachradh.
(4) Mu mheadhon oidhche thainig da thacharan bheag a
stigh agus gun snathain aodaich orra.
(5) Shuidh iad sios air bord-oibre a' ghreasaiche, thog iad
na bha de leathar air a ghearradh a mach, agus thoisich iad
air le 'n corragan beaga, a' fuaigheal, agus a* cnapadh, agus a'
bualadh, air a leithid a dhoigh 's gun robh an greasaiche air a
lionadh le ioghnadh, agus cha b' urrainn da a shuil a thogail
diubh.
(6) Shin iad air an obair an sin gus an robh crioeh oirre,
agus na brogan reidh, glan, air a' bhord.
(7) Bha so fada roimh eirigh na greine, agus an sin thar
iad as mar an dealanach.
(8) An ath la thuirt a' bhean ris a' ghreasaiche, " Tha na
daoine-beaga an deidh ar fagail beirteach; tha sinn gu mor
'nan comain ; agus bu choir dhuinne coibhneas air chor-eigin
a dheanamh riu-san.
(9) "Tha e a' cur doilghis orm a bhith 'gam faicinn ag
iorpais mar tha iad ; chan 'eil snathain air an druim a chumas
a mach am fuachd.
(10) " Innsidh mi dhuit de a ni mi ; ni mi Heine bheag,
agus eota, agus brigis, do gach fear aca; agus dean thusa
brogan doibh."
44
(11) Thaitinn comhairle na mna ris a' ghreasaiche gu
h-anabarrach agus air feasgair araidh, an uair a bha gach nni
ullamh, dh'fhag iad na deiseachan air a' bhord, an aite na
h-oibre a b' abhaist doibh a ghearradh a mach ; agus an sin
chaidh iad agus dh' fhalaich iad iad fhein a dh'fhaire ciod
a dheanadh na daoine-beaga.
(12) Mu mheadhon oidnche thainig iad a stigh, agus bha
iad a' dol a shuidhe sios an taice na h-oibre mar a b' abhaisfc
doibh ; ach an uair a chunnaig iad an t-aodach rinn iad glag
gaire agus bha othail mhor orra.
(13) Chuir iad orra na deiseachan ann an tiota, agus
thoisioh iad air dannsadh, agus air Ileum agus air gearradh
shinteag an sin, gus mu dheireadh an do dhanns iad a mach
air an dorus agus a nunn thar an ailein.
(14) Chan fhaca an greasaiche gu brath tuilleadh iad ; ach
chaidh gach cuis gu math leis as a dheidh sin, cho fada 's a
bha e beo.
THE SHOFMAKPR AND THE FAIRIES- Continued.
(1) One evening about Christmas time, as he and his wife sat chatting at the
fireside, he said to her, "I should much like to sit up to-night and see who is
coming and doing the work for me" (2) "We will just do that same, my dear
man," said the wife. (3) They left the light burning and hid themselves behind a
screen in a corner of the house, to see what should happen. (4) At midnight there
came in two lit' le sprites without a rag of clothes, (5) They sat down on the shoe-
maker's workbench, they took all the leather that was cut out, and began with
their little fingers, sewing and knocking and hamrr-erirg, in such away that the
shoemaker was filled with wonder, and could not take his eyes off them (6) They
lay to the work then til 1 it was finished, and the shoes neat and ready on the
bench. (7) This was long b* fore the sun was up. and then they made off like lightning.
(8) Next day the wife said to the shoemaker. " The little men have made us
wealthy ; we are much in their debt ; and we ought to do them some kindness or
other. (9) It grieves ire to look at them frisking about as they are ; there is not a
rag on their backs to keep out the cold. (10) I will tell you what I will do ; I will
make a little shirt and eoa\ and trousers fo» each of tVem ; and you make shoes
for them." <I1) The wife's advice pleased the shoemaker vastly ; and one evening
when everything was ready, they left the suits on the bench, instead of the work
which they used to cut out, and then thev went and hid themselves to watch what
the little men might do. il2) About midnight they cam.- in and were about to sit
down to the woik as usual ; but when they saw the clothes they broke out into a
loud laugh and were in great glee (13) They put on the suits >'n a twinkling, and
they began to dance, and leap, and stride about, till at last they danced out of the
door and away across the lawn. (14) The shoemaker never saw them again ; but
everything went well with him after that, as long as h 3 lived.
LESSON VI.
Iain Beag Mac-Aindrea.
(1) Tha e air 'aithris gun robh Iain Mac-Aindrea o chionn
tinaoi-fichead bliadhna a' tamh an Dail-na-h-Aitnich, an sgire
Ghlinn-Ceatharnaich, ann an Srath Spe. (2) Bha e 'na dhuin-
eachan beag, suarach, 'na choltas air gach doigh — na bu
45
choltaiche a bhith air 'fhagail aig a' bhaile an cois nam mart
-agus nan llaogh na bhith a' dol leis a' choisridh do 'n bhlar. (3)
Gidlicadh na chom bha cridhe an llaoich^ air a bhrosnachadh
le spiorad na gaisge; agus fear-bogha na b' ealanta an am
tarrainggu comh-stri cha do tharraing riamh saighead ri sreing.
(4) Tha gach euchd gaisgeil a rinn e air an aithris le tuilleadh
ioghnaidh an uair a bheirear fa-near cho tur neo-fhaicheil 's a
bha e. . (5) Tha e air a radh gun tilgeadh e da-shaighid-dheug,
agus gun sathadh e an darna h-aon ann an earball na h-aoin
eile. (6) Thainig e aon 11a seachad air buidhinn a bha ri
giomanachd ann an Sraih-h-Eireann. (7) Dn' fliebraich cuid
<iiiibh de 'n ghille bheag am feuchadh e ris an t-saighid, agus
le beagan moit dh' aontaich e. (8) Bhuail e an toiseach faisg
air meadhon na targaid, ach an darna h-uair chuir e an
t-saighead direach 'na meadhon. (9) Thoisich iad air ioghnadh
a ghabhail agus air a bhith 'ga mholadh ; ach thuirt e riu gun
•deanadh iad na b' fhearr na sin an Srath-Spe. (10) Dh' fhalbh
•e agus shath e slatag sheilich ann an torn, astar math air falbh.
(11) Thilg e agus sgoilt e i leis a' chiad shaighid.
(12) Bha e 'na rogha fnear-aitribh, agus cha b' ainmig leis
a bhith ris an obair sin ann an Srath-h-Eireann. (13) Aig aon
am bha e ann ris a' cheart obair sin aig Fear Choileachaibh.
(14) Air feadh na h-oidhche thainig a' chrois-tara chum an
tighe. (15) B' e bha an so Rosach Chill-reabhaig an Srath-
Narann, agus e air toir na creiche a thogadh uaith le Fear
Acha-luachrach an Lloch-abar, agus e air shurd pbsaidh. (16)
Dh' fhalbh Fear Choileachaibh agus a chuideachd maille ri
buidheann an Eosaich, agus Iain Beag Mac-Aindrea mar aon
-de chach. (17) Bhuail iad air an aghaidh le surd agus le faicill,
gus an d'rainig iad a' Chrb-chlach am braigh Srath-h-Eireann.
(18) Chunnacas solus ann am bothan nan ciobair. (19) An so
bha Fear Acha-luachrach agus a bhuidheann an deidh an
suipeire, a' seanachas r' a cheile gun fliiamh, gun eagal. (20)
Aig an am so bha Iain Mac-Aindrea air toiseach na buidhne.
(21) Shuidhich e e fhein mu choinne dorus a' bhothain.
(22) Bha an oidhche fuathasach dorcha— nni a thug fior
chothrom dhoibh-san a bha a mach, ach a bha gu tur an
aghaidh chaich, a bha air an lleigeil ris le solus a' ghealbhain a
bha aca anns a' bhothan. (23) An uair a dh' fhairich iad an
tailmrich a bha a mach, b' ann le spiorad na gaisge a thriall
gach fear chum an doruis, a thoirt coin no do luchd pa
tbrachd ach cha d'rMnig a h-aon diubh an stairsneach gun
46
bhith air an lleagail na n torr air muin a cheile. (24) Bha
llamh Iain Bhig Mhic-Aindrea bitheanta gu lleoir agus a shuii
an toir air ceannard na buidhne. (25) Air dhasan a bhith
aithnichte a thaobh 'eididh, an uair a chunnaig Iain e chuir e
saighead 'na uchd a cheangail e ris a' phost a bha air a chulaibh.
(26) An uair a chunnaig Fear Choileachaibh mar rinn e—
theagamh chum fios a thoirt do 'n Rosach mar thachair —
ghlaodh e mach, " Buaidh is tapadh leat, Iain Mhic-Aindrea
Dhail-na-h-Aitnich !" (27) An uair a chual Iain am miodal so,
aig am cho mi-fhreagarach — air dha a thuigsinn na 'n rachadh
fear sam bith as, gun tugadh e 'ainm-san do Loch-abar ; nni a
dh' fhagadh e buailteach do chunnart 'na dheidh sin — fhreagair
e Fear Choileachaibh ann am briathran nacn furasda
sgriobhadli. (28) Cha d'fhuair a h-aon as de na bha stigh,
ach aon ghille maol, dubh, a thug fa-near a' chuis. (29) Bhrist
esan a mach air cul a' bhothain, agus gu truagh do dh' Tain
Mac-Aindrea, thug am fear so an nnaidheachd agus 'ainm do
Loch-abar mar am fear a fhuair urram na saighdearachd.
(30) Agus bha a' bhuil: is gann gun d' fhuair Iain 11a no
oidhche sona 'na dheidh.
LITTLE JOHN MACANDREW.
(1) It is .-said that little John Macandrew lived some hundred and eighty years
ago in Dalnahatnich, in the parish of Dnthil, in Strathspey. (2) He was a little
insignificant man in appearance in every way— more like being left at home al«out
the cows and calves than following tre heroes to battle. (3) He was, however,
possessed of a hero's heart, inspired with the spirit of bravery ; and a more skilful
archer, when the time of conflict came, never pressed arrow to bowstring. (4) The
many brave deeds which he did are related with all the more wonder, seeing how
altogether unprepossessing he was. (5) It is said that he could shoot twelve arrows,
and fix one after one of them in the end of the one before it. (6) One day he passed
a party of hunters in Strathdearn. (7) One of them ask^-d the little fellow if he
would try his skill at *he bow. and with some show of diffidence he consented. (8)
At the first attempt he struck near the middle of the target, but at the sec >nd
throw he sent the arrow direct to the centre. (9) They Vegan to wonder and to
praise him ; but he told them they could do better than that in Strathspey (10)
He went and thrust a willow wand into a little mound a good distance off. (11) He
sent his first arrow right through the twig.
(12) He was an excellent husbandman, and it was no rare thing with him to be
thus occupied in Strathdeam. (13) At one time he was engaged for the Laird of
Kyllachy. (14) During the night the fiery-cross came to the house (15) This was
Rose of Kilravock, in ^trathnairn, seeking his cattle, of which h»* had been
plundered by the Laird of Auchluachrach, in Lochaber, who was on the eve of
iretting married. (16) The laird of Kyllachy and his retainers set off with Rose's
party, and > iti le John Macandrew among the rest. (17) They pushed on eagerly
and warily, till they came to Cro-clach, in the heights of Strathdearn. (1 8) They
observed a light in the shepherds' hut. (19) Here were the I aird of Auchluachrach
and his company, after supper, sitting talking to each other, and fearing nothing.
(20) At this time John Macandrew was at the head of the party. (21) He t'.iok up
his position opposite the door of the hut. (22) The night was very dark— a fact
which gave the best advantage to those who were outside, but which was altogether
against the • thers, who were made quite visible by the light of the fire which they
had in the hut. (?3) When they heard the sound of footsteps outside, they all
sprang bravely to the door to meet their pursuers, but not one of them reached the
threshold, for they were all shot down in a heap on the top of each other. (24)
Little John Macandrew's hand was active enough, and with his eye he watched for
47
the leader of the pariy. (25) He * eing easily recognised by his garb, whenever John
caught, sight ui hrmhestnuan a i row into uis breast, which transtixea him to the
post that stood at his back. (26) When the Laird of Kyllachy saw wnat he had
done— perhaps to apprise Rose of wLat hau happened— he cried out, " Victory and
luck to you, John Macandrew of Dalnahatnich ?" (27) When John heard this com-
pliment at such an ill-chosea moment— knowing that if one of them escaped he
would carry his name to Lochaber ; a fact which would expose him to danger in
the future— he answered the Laird of Kyilachy in words not tit to be recorded. (23)
Not one escaped of those who were within, but one black, beardless fellow, who had
witnessed the fight. (29) He cut his way through the back of the hut, and unluckily
for John Macandrew, he carried the news and his name to Lochaber, as the man
who had won the honours of the fight. (30) And the result was that John scarcely
spent a day or nijjht in peace after it.
LESSON VII.
Iain Beag Mac-Aindrea — Continued.
(1) An uair a rainig an sgeul so Lloch-abar, a bha cho
craidiiteach do bhean-na-bainnse, cha d' fhois agus cha do
thanih i gus an do rainig i Cro-chlach ; agus tha a cor an uair
a rainig i na s asa thuigsinn na chur an ceill. (2) iha e air a
radh gun d 1 fhuair i a mhial-chu fhein ag 61 full Fear Acha-
luachrach ; agus amis ann teinn-chradh anns an robh i, gun
d' thug i an cu 'na spathaltan as a cheile.
(3) An uair a sgaoil an nnaidheachd, bha, oaudean nam fear
a thuit air an gluasad le cuilg bhuaireasaich. (4) Thog iad
orra, da-fhear-dheug, agus rainig iad tigh Iain Mhic-Aindrea.
(5) Bha Iain agus a bhean a stigh le cheile, agus thuig iad co
a bh' aca,air ball. (6) Dh.' fhoighnich na daoine de bhean an-
tighe am b' e so tigh Iain Mhic-Aindrea, agus c' ait an robh e
fhein. (7) Thuirt i gu misneachail gum b' e, agus nach robh
e fhein fad as. (8) Dh' iarr i orra suidhe gus an tigeadh e.
(9) Cha do smuainich iad gum b' e Iain fhein a bha na
'shuidhe taobh an teallaich ; oir ged fhuair iad 'ainm 's a
shloinneadh, cha d' fhuair iad a dhealbh 's a ohumadh. (10)
Bha a bhean a' fuineadh aig an am, agus thilg i mir de 'n a ran
air an fhear a bha 'na shuidhe taobh an teallaich ; agus le
bagairt choimhich dh' iarr i air dol a shealltainn nach robh an
fheudail ri dolaidh sam bith j agus na 'm faiceadh e a mliaigh-
stir, fios a thoirt da gun robh daoin'-uaisle a' feitheamh air.
(11) Dh' fhalbh e le gearan, mur nach biodh e idir toileach.
(12) Chaidh ise gu seomarfar an robh am balg-shaighead, agus
chuir i a mach air uinneig g'a ionnsaidh e. (13) Re na h-uine
so oha do sguir i a chumail seanachais ris na coigrich, agus 'gam
frithealadh leis a' bhiadhtachd a b' fhearr a bh' aice. (14)
Dhirich Iain am bruthach a bha fa chomhair dorus a thighe ;
ohuir e da-shaighid-dheug ann anrian freagarach air an torran
48
llamh 1 is, agus ghlaodh e, fear sam bith a bha ag iarraidh Iain
Mhic-Aindrea e bhith a mach. (15) B' ann an sin a bha a'
■chabhag, gach fear a' bualadh a mach chum ionnsaidh a thoirt
air Iain Mac-Aindrea ; ach cha luaithe rainig iad an dorus na
I>ha saighdean Iain 'gan comhlachadh agus 'gan lleagail gu liar.
(16) Cha deachaidh am fear mu dheireadh dhiubh fada o 'n
tigh an uair a thuit e, air chor 's nach deachaidh a h-aon diubh
as a dh' innseadh na nnaidheachd san tir as an d' fhalbh iad.
(17) 'Na dheidh so bha Iain Mac-Aindrea fo fhiamh a la 's a
dh' oidhche. (18) Cha robh e sabhailte dha a bhith oidhche
'na thigh fhein, air chor 's gum bu duth dha gearan air an
oidhche sin a luaidh Fear Choileachaibh air 'ainm e. (19)
Uime sin, bha a leaba aige ann am barr craoibh ann an Coille
Uisge-Thuilnean, ann an ionad ris an abrar Giuthas-na-
h-Uamha gus an 11a an diugh. (20) Chual iad mu 'n lleaba so
■aim an Lloch-abar, agus bha na h-Abraich gu trie ri fhaicinn
air feadh na coille sin chum a faighinn a mach. (21) Bha iad
air uairibh a' tachairt air Iain fhein ; ach cha robh iad idir a'
samhlachadh gum b' e bhiodh ann — nni a thug cothrom dha
de 'n d' rinn e gu minig feum, air chor 's nach do leig e aon de
na chunnaig e riamh air 'ais. (22) Am fear mu dheireadh a
chunnaig e dhiubh, bha e air feadh na coille gun duine leis.
(23) Dh' fheoraich am fear so de dh' Iain — mar gum b' ann
air son nneonachais d' a fhein — c'ait an robh an lleaba-fhalaich
aig Fear Dhail-na-h-Aitnich. (24) Fhreagair Iain gum feuch-
adh e sin da ; agus an uair a chunnaig an t-Abrach an lleaba,
sheall e mu 'n cuairt car tiota bhig, agus chuir e 'aghaidh air
a dhuthaich fhein ; ach cha b' fhada chaidh e an uair a thug
Iain tarraing air a' bhogha a bha air a chleith fo 'bhreacan,
agus leag e am fear sin mar an ceudna gun a leigeil na
b' fhaide air a thurus.
(25) Chan 'eil cunntas air a liutha fear a mharbh e re a
bheatha, ach tha iomradh gur mor a chuir e gun teagamh gu
dith; agus cha d' thug duine riamh buaidh air fhein, ged
thainig e gu bhith 'na sheann duine mu 'n do ohaochail e.
LITTLE JOHN MACANDREW.— Continued.
(1) When the tidings reached Lochaber, which w*»re so distressing to the bride
she neither stayed nor rested till she reached Cro-clach ; and her state when she did
so is more easily understood than described. (2) Tt is said that she found his own
hound lapping the blood of the Laird of Auchluachrach ; and that in her frenzy sh
tore the dog asunder limb from limb.
(3) When the news spread, the friends of the slain were m v°d with fierce fury
(4) Twelve of them set out direct for John Macandrew's house (5) John and his
wife were both within, and at once they understood who their visitors were. (6) The
< men asked the goodwife if this was the house of John Macandrew, and where he was
4'.)
himself. (7) >lie boldly answered that it was, and that he himself was not far away.
<8) She bade t hem sit down till he should arrive. (9) '■ hey never thought that it was
John himself that was sitting by ihe fireside ; for though they h? d got his name and
surname, they had not got his form and aspect. (10) His wife was baking at the
time, and throwing a piece of bread at the wight who sao at tl e fire, she roughly
ordered him to go and ,see that the cattle were in no mischief ; and if he saw his
master, to tell him some gentlemen were waiting for him. (11) He went away mut-
tering as if he were not at ail pleaded. (12) She then went to a room where the
■quiver was kept, and handed it out to him at the window. (13) All the while she
kept talking to the strangers and entertaining them to the best provision she had.
(14) John ascended the slope which faced the door of his house ; he laid twelve
arrows in order on the hump beside him, and called uponany mm who wanted John
Macandrew. to come out. (15) In great haste each one struck out to make t he
attack on J.>hn Macandrew ; but no sooner had they reached the dcor than they
were met with John's arrows and felled to the ground. (16) The last of them had
not gone far from the house when he fell, so that not one of them escaped to carry
the news to the country from which they set forth.
(17) John Macandrew was after this in a state of anxiety night and day. (18) It
was not safe for him to be a night in his own house, so that he had occasion to
regret the day when the Laird of Kyllacby addressed him by name. (19) He made
his bed, therefore, on the top of a tree in Dulnan Wood, at a spot called the Pine of
the Cave, to this day. (20) They heard of this bed in Lochaber, and Locnaber
people were often seen searching the wood to try and discover it. (21) Occasionally
they met John himself ; but they never imagined it was he— a circumstance of which
he frequently availed himself, so that he never allowed one of those whom he met
to return home. (22) The last one of them he saw was in the wood alone. (2 ) He
asked John— as if for curiosity— where was the secret lair of the Man of Ualna-
hatnich. (24) John replied that he would point it out for him ; and when the Loch-
aber man saw the bed, he looked about for a moment, and then set his face for his
own country ; but he had not gone far when John drew the bow which was concealed
under his plaid, and shot that one also without letting him farther on his way.
(25) There is no record of all he slew during his life, but it is said that the
number of his victims must have been great ; and no man ever gained a victory over
himself, though he became an old man before he died
LESSON VIII.
A' Bhan-righinn ann Ax\i Bealach — 1842.
(1) Ged nach robh suil ris a' Bhan-rigliinn gu feasgar, bha
muinntir na duthcha a' cruinneachadh o mhoch-thrath ; agus
mu mheadhon 11a bha anabarr sluaigh air an turns gn Caisteal
Bliealaich ; oir thilg am Morair a' phairce mhor fosgailte air
an 11a so, chum gum faigheadh gach aon llan a shul de 'n
Bhan-righinn agus de 'n Phrionnsa, agus de na bha a' dol air
aghaidh. (2) Chan 'eil e comasach tuilleadh 's a' choir de
chliu a thoirt do 'n uasal fhlathasach so air-son a shuaircis
agus a choibhneis aig an am so. (3) Cha do dhiultadh neach,
bochd no nochd ; agus cha di-chuimhnichear sin dasan.
(4) Beagan an deidh mheadhon 11a, chunnacas na Gaidhil
'nan eidcadh. a' cruinneachadh fo chaithream iollagach nam
fichead piob, agus an cinn-fheadhna air an ceann. (5) B' ann
do :l >h P 1 ^in athigeadhamfeile ! (6) Bha na Caimbeulaich, oorr
asrrs c6i^-ciad,fo chomannd oighre a' Mhorair — Tighearn bg
Ohlinri-falach : agur da-rireadh bu dreachmhor a' bhuidheann
4
50
iad. (7) Bha iad air an roinn na 'n coig cuideachdan, agus
ceannard fuirbidh thairis air gach cuideachd. (8) Bha a'
chuideachd-aotrom air an eideadii ann am breacan glas nan
ciobairean, le gunna-caol an fheidh an llamh gach fir. (9) So
an fheadhainn a bha ri dol air llorg an fheidh an lla-ar-na-
mhaireach. (10) Bha iad uile 'nan gillean anabarrach
eireachdail, air rogha oumadh o ; m mullach gu 'm brogan.
(11) An deidh do na Caimbeulaich a bhith an ordagh,
^hualas piob. (12) Co a bha an so aoh Sir Niall Meinn le
'thuath agus le 'chinneadh, air an eideadh gu h-eireachdail ann
am breacan a theaghlaich — geal is dearg — e fhein, an llaoch
flathail, air steud-each cho geal ris a' chanach — a mhac bg r' a
thaobh, agus na ceatharnaich shunndach a' mearsadh 'nan
deidh. (13) Tharraing iad suas fo ard-iolach an t-sluaigh
do 'n aite a chuireadh air lleth air an son.
THE QUEEN AT TAYMOUTH— 1842.
(I) Though the Queen was not expected till evening, the country people were
gathering since early mornine ; and by mid-day there was a vast multitude of people
on their way to Taymouth Castle : for the Marquis had this day thrown open the
great park, so that every one should have a full view of the Queen and the Prince,
and all that was happening. (2) It is impossible to give too much praise to this
princely nobleman for his generosity and kindness at this time. (3) No one was
excluded— poor or poorly clad— and this will not be forgotten to him.
(4) A little after mid-day the Highlanders were seen assemblinsr in full costume,
to the inspiring strains of bagpipes a full score, and with their chiefs at their head.
(5) And well did their uniforms become tViem ! (6) The Campbells, over five hundred,
were under the command of the Marquis's heir— the young laird of Glenfalloch ; and
a truly handsome body they were. (7) They were divided into five companies, with
a stalwart chieftain at the head of each. (8) The light company were arrayed in
grey shepherd's tartan, each one carrying a rifle. (9) This was the party who Avere
to hunt the deer on the morrow. (10) They were all exce edingly h andsome fell ows,
well-formed from head to foot. H kr "**W!!?'WZr^ *?3Q
(II) After the Campbells were placed in order, the sound of the pipes was heard.
(12) Who should tbis be but Sir Neil Menzies, with his tenantry and clan, richly
arrayed in the tartan of his family— white and red— he himself, the noble hero,
riding a snow-white steed— his young son by his side, and his brave and hearty
retainers marching behind them. (13) They drew up amid cheers at the spot selected
for them.
LESSON IX.
A' Bhan-righinn ann am Bealach.— Continued.
(1) Bha seoladairean a' Mhorair a lathair cuideachd, le 'm
brigisean geala agus le 'n adaichean-f airge agus cuairt oir mu 'n
timcheall. (2) Bha bratach Bhraid-Albann fhein a snamh sa'
ghaoith air mullach a' chaisteil ; agus bha dithis de sheolad-
airean na Ban-righinn, fear air gach taobh de 'n chrann, chum
a tarraing a nuas agus a' bhratach dhearg bhuadhach a chur
euas 'na h-aite, cho lluath 's a thigeadh a' Bhan-righinn san
t-sealladh. (3) Bha cuideachd de 'n deagh reisimeid Ghaidh-
ealaich, Feachd Dhiuc Gordoin, maille ri marcaichean, air a*
51
bhlar, agus a' h-uile nni an ordagh, gun smid a beul, ach gach
suil air a' chachaileith air an robh a' rshan-righinn ri tighinn a
steach. (4) Chiteadh am Morair e fhein agus na flaithean arda
bha maille ris, air an ais agus air an aghaidh, le 'm boineid
's le 'm feile, a' cnr gach nni ceart, agus a' socrachadh gach
cuis ; agus gu dearbh chan olc a thig am feile dha fhein, an
t-uasal eireachdail, dreachmhor. (5) Tha e air a radh gun do
chosd a bhoineid i fhein eadar tri-nchead agus ceithir-fichead
punnd Sasunnach.
(6) Chunnacas a nis an carbad Bioghail a' tighinn. (7)
Leum na marcaichean an glaic an diollaid, agus ghabh gach
iosal agus uasal 'aite fhein. (8) Air lleth-uair an deidh se san
anmoch bha i taobh a stigh na pairc. (9) Chualas a nis iolach
an 1>-sluaigh a fhuair a' chiad sealladh dhi. (10) Sheid an
trombaid. (11) Ghlaodh am Morair le guth fearail, oscarach,
"Bithibh deas, a chlanna nan Gaidheal!" (12) Sheid coig-
piobairean-deug an aon phort-failte. (13) Thainig gach ad
agus boineid a nuas. (14) Reub na speuran leis an ard-iolach.
(15) Thugadh bratach Bhraid-Albann a nuas, agus chuireadh
suas a' bhratach dhearg Rioghail Bhreatannach, agus Mac-
Dhughaill Latharna 'na taice, le 'chlaidheamh ruisgte an
tarraing. (16) Dh'fhosgail na gunnachan-mora an craos, agus
loisg iad o gach cnoc. (17) Fhreagair mile cnoc is glaic. (18)
Ghiulain Lloch-Tatha an fhuaim o chearn gu cearn, 's o thaobh
gu taobh. (19) Chiteadh fiadh is earb, le 'n croic-chabar, 'nan
cruinn-lleum a' direadh ri mullach nam beann ; an coileach-
dubh 's a' chearc-thomain air an sgeith; na maighich 's na
coineanan 'nan geathadaich ; agus am buar 's an earbuill air
an guaillean. (20) Bha cbisir-chiuil anns gach aite ; agus cha
robh ach aighear, is solas, is greadhnachas, is pailteas air gach
llaimh ann am Braid-Albann.
THE QUEEN AT TAYMOUTH.— Continued.
(\) The Marquis's yachtsmen were present also, with white trousers and sailor
hats encircled with gold hands. (2) The Breadalhane flag floated in the breeze, on
the top of the castle ; and two men of the Queen's Navy stood, one on either side of
the flag-pole, ready to pull down the flag and nut up the famous red ensign in its
place, whenever the Queen came in sight. (3) A company of the fine Highland
JRegiment, the Gordon Highlanders, with some horsemen, were on the ground, and
everything in order ; not a word was heard, and every eye was fixed upon the pate
by which the Queen was to enter. (4) The Marquis himself and the nobleman who
were with him, might be seen moving backward and forward, Pressed in kilt and
bonnet, setting things to rights and putting all in order ; and indped well does the
kilt become that well-formed, handsome nobleman. (5) It is said th \t his bonnet
alone cost between £60 and £80.
(6) The Royal carriage was now seen approaching. (7) The horsemen leaped
into their saddles, and every one, high and low, took his appointed place. (8) At
half -past six in the evening She was within the park. (9) Now was heard the
cheering of the people who had caught the first sight of Her. (10) The trumpet
sounded. (11) The Marquis called out in a loud and manly tone, " Sons of the Gael.
be ready." (t2) Fifteen pipers struck up one strain of welcome. (13) Every head
was bared. (14) The sky rent with shouts of joy. (15) The Breadalbane flag was
pulled down, and up went the Royal British ensign, supported by Macdougall of
Lorn, with drawn sword. ( 6) The big guns opened their mouths and r.iared from
every height. (17) A thousand hills and glens reechoea the sound (18) Loch Tay
carried the thunder from place to place, and from shore to shorn. (19; B ag and roe
with their branching antlers might be seen bounding to the hill tops ; black-cock
and partridge were instantly on the wing ; hares and rabbits went scudding off ;
and the sober cattle hoisted their tails and joined the general scurry. (20) Joy
abounded on every side ; and mirth, and pleasure, and pomp, and festivi \ tilled
Breadalbane from end to end.
LESSON X.
Taillear Dubh na Tuaighe.
(1) Am measg nan cbmh-strithean guineach nach
b' ainneamh aig olanna Ghaidheal, is iomadh Hatha fuileach
agus deannal cruaidh a chuireadh air fraoch-bheanna gonna
nan Garbh-chrioch, air nach 'eil iomradh no ainm aig lluchd-
seanachais san llinn so. (2) B' ann diubh so a' choinne
gharbh-bhuilleach a thug na Camshronaich do Chlann-an-
Toisich aig braigh Loch-iall.
(3) Bha Mac-an-Tbisich san am sin ag agairt coir air feara*nn
Mhic-Dhbmhnaill-Duibh, agus air tigh nan Camshronach a
chur fo smachd. (4) Ghluais e le da-chiad ceatharnach
sgairteil, fo 'n armaibh, do 'n tir Abraich. (5) Ghabh e air
adharfc troimh 'n duthaich gun bhacadh, gus an do rainig e
ceann Loch-iall, far an do chaidil e fhein agus a dhaoine. (6)
Aig eirigh na greine sa' mhadainn thog iad orra 'mach ri gual-
ainn Beinn-an-t-Sneachda, gu tilleadh dhachaidh d' an tir fhein
troimh thaobh Loch-Arcaig. (7) Cha b' fhada chaidh iad air
an adhart gus am fac' iad Mac-Dhbmhnaill-Duibh le se-fichead
gaisgeach a' tighinn 'nan comhdhail. (8) Thuig iad gu math
nach bu chbmhdhail chairdeil a bha air an aire, agus dheasaich
gach fear e fhein gu bas-ghleachd. (9) Bha cothrom a' bhruth-
aich aig na Camshronaich, ach bha am barrachd sluaigh air
taobhnan Tbiseach. (10) Sheas Mac-an-Tbisich agus a dhaoine
air lleanaig leth-bhruthaich, mu mheadhon a' mhaim, agus^
cridhe gach fir air mhire gu obmh-stri. (11) Mar bheum-
sleibhe a' sguabadh a* gharbhlaich, bhuail na Camshronaich
g' an ionnsaidh, agus buaidh no bas an gnuis gach sebid. (12)
Leum na glas-lannan a truaillean, agus sfhrad thmailleadh
gorm-bhrat driichdach a' bhlair le fuil chraobhach nan llarv-h
borb. (13) Ach comharaichte os cionn gach treun-fhir,
cliiteadh ursann-chatha nan Camshronach, Taillear Dubh na
Tuaiglie, le thuaigh bhas-bhuillich a' sgathadh cheann is chorp
mar chuiseagan rainich. (14) Gach taobh air an tionndadli e
ghearradh e bealach troimh shreathan nan nnaimhdean. (15)
A dh' aindeoin cruadal nan Catanach, cha b' urrainn doibh
seHsainh an aghaidh cath-chuthaai nan Camshronacli. (16/
Biiruchd iad air an ais air gach taolh; agus ged rinn an
ceannard treubhach na dh' fhaodadh e, chuireadh an ruaig orra.
(17) Leis a' bhruthach dh'aom iad, agus na Camshronaich air
an toir. (18) Mu 'n cuairt ceann Loch-iall ghabh iad, agus
llasachadh cha d' rinn iad gus an d' rainig iad taobh Aird-
Ghobhar, far an do sheas Mac-an-T6is'ch Mor air mullach
cloiche, an cladach na traghar 1 , d' an ainm fhathast "Clach
Mhic-an-T6isich," agus thug a dhaoine an kath-thilleadh orra
mu 'n cuairt da. (19) Thoisich iomairt nan arm as ur. (20)
Le sathainnean troma nan cruaidh-lann dh' fhagadh iomadh
fear fearail gun lluths. (21) Bha Mac-an-T6isich Mor, le
'chlaidheamh-da-laimhe a' cur gu bas gach fir a thigeadh mar
astar buille dha, gus an d' thainig an Taillear Dubh le 'thuaigl
thoirbheartaich m' a choinne. (22) Tharraing e an
claidheamh-mor le 'uile neart, a los an Taillear a sgoltadh gu
'chruachainn ; ach sheachain esan an ionnsaidh, agus le buille
guineach o 'thuaigh choimhich, theoma, reub e Maoan-Toisich.
(23) Dhomhlaich a dhaoine mu 'n cuairt da gu 'thearnadh o
blmillean nan nnaimhdean, gun churam mu ni fo 'n ghreinaoh
dio?haltas a thoirt a mach air son fuil an Cinn-chinnidh ; ach a
dh' aindeoin an treuntais agus an ruin, b' eiginn doibh a rithist
an ruaig a ghabhail. (24) Thog iad an ceannard air an
guaillean, agus ged a bha na Camshronaich 'gan sgath as gach
taobh, ghiulain iad e gu Bun Gharbhain, far an do chasadh an
tbir cho teann orra 's nach robh doigh air dol na b' fhaide.
THF BLACK TATIOP OF THE BATTLE-AXE.
(1) Among the sharp conflicts which were not infrequent among the Highland
clans, there was many a bloody day and fierce encounter on the purple hil'a of the
Wilftg that are not recorded nor even mentioned by the historians of our time. (2)
Of these was the hard-fought meeting between the Camerons and the Mackintoshes
on the braes of Toch Efl (3) Mackintosh was at this time claiming the right to
the lands of Lochiel. and sought to put the house of Cameron under subjection (4)
With two hundred chosen champions he set out for the Lochaber countrv. (5) He
proceeded through the district without interruption till he reached the head of
Loch Eil, where he and his men oassed thp night. (6) At sunrise in the morning
they struck across bv the shoulder of Snowben, purposing to return to their own
countrv bv the side of Loch Arkaig. (7) They had not proceeded far when they saw
Lochiel with a hundred and twenty warriors coming to meet them. (8) Well they
knew that it was to be no friendly meeting, and every man prepared himself for a
death-struggle. (9) The Camerons had the adva ntage of occupying the high ground,
but the Mackintoshes were the more numerous body. (10 Mackintos and his men
54
took their stand upon a smooth slope about the middle of the hill and every man's
heart beat eager for the fray. (11) Like the avalanche that sweeps the mountain
side, the Camerons rushed down upon them, and victory or death was in every face.
(12) Swords leaped from scabbards, and soon the dewy green carpet under their feet
was stained with the flowing heart-blood of the furious combatants. (13) But con-
spicuous above all the heroes might be seen the Cameron champion, the Black
Tailor of the Battle-axe, with his death-dealing weapon, shearing heads and bodies
like bracken stalks. (14) To whichever hand he turned he cut a gap through the
ranks of the enemy. (15) Despite the firmness of the Cattan men, they could not
stand against the battle-fury of the Camerons. (16) They fell back in a body on
every side ; and though their brave leader did his utmost, they were defeated. ( .7)
Down the hill they retreated, with the Camerons in pursuit. (18) Round ihey fled
by the head of Loch Eil, and never halted till they reached the side of Ardgour,
where Mackintosh stood on a stone on the sea-shore, still called "Mackintosh's
Stone," where his men rallied round him. (19) Once more the play of arms began.
(20) The heavy thrusts of their steel blades laid many a brave man low. (21) The
Mackintosh Chief, with his two-handed sword, cut down every man who came
within reach of his blows, till the Black Tailor, with his peerless axe, stood face to
face with him. (22) He drew his sword with all his might to cleave the Tailor to
the haunches ; but he evaded the stroke and with one fell stroke of his deft hatchet
he wounded Mackintosh. (23) His nun closed about him to succour him from the
blows of the enemy, caring for nothing under the sun but to avenge their Chief ;
but in spite of their determination and their strength they had to retreat a second
time. (24) Lifting their leader on their shoulders, though the Camerons were mow-
ing them down on every side, they carried him to Garvan Mouth, where the pursuit
became so close that they could go no farther.
LESSON XI.
Taillear Dubh na Tuaighb.— Continued.
(1) Thionndaidh iad an treas uair air an lluchd-torachd, le
llan run seasamh no tuiteam anns an aite 's an do stad iad. (2)
Thoisich an gleachd basmhor le urachadh goimh. (3) Thuit a'
chuid a bu mho de Chlann-an-T6isich air an raon. (4)
Ghlacadh Mac-an-T6isich Mor, agus a mhac ; agus" am beagan
a bha beo de 'n daoine, sgap iad as a cheile. (5) Ach chuir an
nnaimhdean guineach romhpa nacL rachadh as dhiubh fear a
dh' innseadh sgeoil. (6) Dh' fhag iad Mac-an-T6isich agus a
mhac fo churam nam ban, agus air toir chaich ghabh iad.
(7) Shin iad orra a mach am monadh. (8) Bha an saighdean
siubhlach a' giiilan bais gu fear is fear, gus an do rainig iad
mullach a' mhaim. (9) Bha a' ghrian a' cromadh san iar, agus
seimh-bhrat dubharach na h-oidhche a' sgaoileadh a sgail'
iarnaidh thar aghaidh shamhach nan speur. (10) Bha eoin
bhuchallach an t^sleibh gu caidreaoh, guamaoh, a' gabhail taimh
an cos nam bruach, agus udlaiche cabrach nam fas-ghlac, fo
dhubhar na daraig aosda, a' siabadh nan cuileag o 'bhian
calgach, an uair a bhrist an ruaig a steach air Cona-ghleann.
(11) Bho 6g-mhadainn an Hatha shamhraidh, gu ciaradh
\nmoch an fheasgair, fosadh cha deachaidh air sonn san strith ;
ach, mu dheireadh, bha ceum an treun-laoich a bu diorrasaiche
55
a' dol am maillead san ruaig, agus shaoil na bha beo de na
Catanaich nach rachteadh na b' fhaide air an toir. (12)
Chruinnich iad comhla a chur seachad na h-oidhche ann an
glaio uaignidh, air taobh Chona-ghlinn, d' an ainm Cuil-nan-
Ouileag ; ach is gann a ghabh iad gu fois an uair a bha an
Taillear Dubh le buidhinn de na Camshronaich air am muin.
(13) Leum gach fear air a bhonnaibh, agus spionadh gach
glas-lann a duille ; ach ged nach robh llaigse air an inntinn,
bha an lluths air an treigsinn. (14) Thuit iad far an do sheas
iad, fo fhaobharan fuileach an lluchd-mioruin. (15) Cha
d' fhagadh beo de 'n da-chiad gaisgeach a ghluais do 'n tir
Abraich, neach a bheireadh sgeul mu 'n deidhinn d' an duth-
aich fhein.
(16) Thill Mac-Dhomhnaill-Duibh agus a dhaoine gu Bun
Gharbhain far an d' fhag iad Mac-an-T6isioh Mor 's a mhac.
(17) Chuir iad an oidhche seachad san aite sin, agus air
madainn an lla-ar-na-mhaireach rinn iad deas gu dol dachaidh ;
ach so far an robh a' chuis-iomagain do Mhac-Dhomhnaill-
Duibh. (18) Is i nnighean Mhic-an-Toisich a bha aige mar
mhnaoi ; agus ma 's fior an radh, cha b' i an t-sobhrach i. (19)
Cha chuireadh gniiis nnamhaid fo 'n ghrein athadh air j ach
bha sgath nach bu bheag air dol dachaidh gu 'mhnaoi, an deidh
a cinneadh a sgrios agus a h-athair is a brathair a ghlacadh
'nam priosanaich. (20) Cha b' e sin do 'n Taillear Dhubh e ;
firea nn no boireann bu choma dhasan oo dhiubh. (21) Air an
aobhar sin chuireadh air falbh e roimh chach do dh' Achadh-
na-Cairidh, a dh' innseadh do 'n bhaintighearna mar a thachair
(22 "> Rainig e am baile gu h-uallach, suigeartach ; agris air dha
Ijualadh aig dorus an tighe, dh' fhosgladh dha e leis a' bhain-
tighearna i fhein. (23) Dh' fhailtich i gu fialaidh, fuaranach e,
agus dh' fhaighneachd i ciod a bu naidheachd dha. (24)
Fhreagair e gu suilbhir gun robh nnaidheachd mhath~7im
robh bian cait an, diugh air plang. agus rogha '.s taghadh air
peighinn. (25) Dh' atharraioh a gniiis air cluinntinn a streoil, ach
chum i oirre fhein, agus thuirt i, "Thig a nios, a Tliailleir,
agus fag do thuagh shios."
(26) " Far am bi mi fhein bidh mo thuagh," ars' an Taillear.
(27) Thuig i nach rachadh aice air a fearg a chaitheadh
air an Taillear ; agus le teum cuthaich rug i air # a lleanabh
fhein, agus thilg i ann an teis-meadhoin na griosaich e. (28)
Thug an Tailleir duibh-leum far an robh i, 's a thuagh 'na
laimh ; agus le sgairt uamhasaich ghlaodh e, " A bhean a rug
an lleanabh,, tog an lleanabh !"
56
(29) Chuir coig agv< cult as an llaoioh crith cirrc. (30' Bu
bhuidhe leatha an lleanabh a ghrad theannachdadh, agus a
bhith reidh ris an Taillear, gus an d' thainig Mac-Dhomhnaill-
Duibh agus a dhaoine dachaidh. (31) Cliumadh Mac-an-
Toisich Mor agus a mhac an Achadh-na-Cairidh gus an robh an
lleoin air lleigheas ; ach mu 'n d' fhuair iad dol a rithist d' an
diithaich fhein, thug Mac-an-T6isich coir sgriobhte o 'laimh do
Mhac-Dh6mhnaill-Duibh air oighreachd Loch-abar, a shealbh-
aich a shliochd o 'n uair sin.
THE BLACK TAILOR— Continued.
(1) They turned for the third time upon their assailants, fully determined to
stand or fall upon the spot. (2) The deadly strife hegan once more with renewed
ferocity. (3) The greater number of the Mackintoshes fell upon the field. (4) The
Mackintosh Chief and his son were taken ; and the few of their men who survived
were scattered asunder. (5) But their ruthless enemies resolved that none of them
should escape to tell the tale. (6) They left Mackintosh and his son to the care of
the women, and set off after the others. (7) They pressed upon them across the
moor. (8) Their fleet arrows carried death to man after man till they reached the
top of the hill. (9) The sun was sinking in the west, and the >oft and dusky
curtains of night were spreading their gloomy shades over the face of t he sky. (10)
he winged denizens of the moor were fondly and warmly resting under shelter of
the banks, and the antlered monarch of the wild stood under the shadow of the
ancient oak shaking the flies from his tawny hide, as the rout broke in upon Cona
Glen. (11) From the golden dawn of the summer day till darker ing night, no rest
found heroin the strife ; but at last the step of the most obstinate became fainter
in the flight ; and as many as were still alive of the Cattans thought that their pur-
suers would come no further. (12) They meant to pass the night in a shady hollow
at the side of Cona Glen, called the Nook of the Flies ; but they had scarcely lain
down to rest when the Black Tailor And a party of the Camerons were again upon
them (13) Every man sprang to his feet, and every sword leaped from its scabbard ;
but though their spirit was unflagging, their strength was gone. (14) They fell
where > hey stood, under the blood-thirsty blades of their enemies. (IP) Of the two
hundred heroes who had set out for the Lochaber country, there was left alive not
one man to carry home the story of their fate.
(16) Lochiel and his men returned to Garvan Mouth, where they had left the
Mackintosh Chief and his son. (17) They passed the night in that place, and oi>
the morrow they made ready to return home ; but here Lochiel's perplexity Vegan.
(18) His wife was a daughter of Mackintosh ; and if all tales be true, she was no
gentle floweret. (19) He would flinch from no enemy under the sun ; but it was
with no slight misgiving he thought of going home to his wife, after destroying her
kindred and making prisoners of her father and her brother. (Z0) But the Black
Tailor had no such qualms ; for male or female he cared nothing. (21) Consequently
he was despatched in advance to Achnacarry. to carry the tidings to her ladyship.
(22) He arrived at the mansion in his airiest, jauntiest mood : and knocking at the
door it was pened by the lady herself. (23) She welcomed him warmly and
heartily, and inquired his news. (24) He answered her pleasantly that his new»
was good news— that a cat's skin might be had that day .for a plack, and the choicest
and best for a penny. (25) Her aspect changed on hearing this, but repressing her
feelings, she said, " Come forward, Tailor, but leave behind your battle-axe."
(26) " Where I go myself my axe must follow," said the Tailor.
(27) She knew that her rage would be spent in vain upon the Tailor ; and with
one wild swoop she 'lifted her own child and dashed it in the fire (28) The Tailor
made a furious bound towards her, with axe in hand : and with a terrific shout he
said, " Woman, who bore the child, take up the child !'
(29) His fury and his aspect made her tremble. (30) She was glad to succour
the child, instantly, and to make peace with the Tailor, till Lochiel and his men
came home. (31) The Mackintosh Chief and his son were left at Achnacarry till
their wounds were healed ; but ere they returned again to their own country, Mac-
kintosh gave over to Lochiel under written title the estate of Lochaber, which his>
descendants have held in possession from that hour.
57
SPECIFIC HEADINGS.
i.
Sgeul mu Choire-na-Sithe.
Thachair dhomh 'bhith a' siubhal, o chionn beagan bhliadh-
naichean, troimh Gharbh-chriochan na Gaidhealtachd, troimh
mhonaidhean fiadhaich, far nach robh aon rathad, an uair a
thuit domh, air feasgar samhraidh, 'bhith air mo chuairteach-
adh ann an ceo dumhail, an uair a bha mi a' gabhail ath-ghoirid
thairis air guala beinne cho ard 's a bha san duthaich. Mar
bha agh orm, bha fear-cuartachaidh nan criochan farsaing sin
maille rium san am, a thug mi learn gu m' sheoladh gu
bearradh ard, as am faicinn sealladh air a' ghleann chum an
robh mi a' dol. Fada mu 'n d' rainig sinn am bearradh so r
thuit an ceo cho dumhail 's gum b' amaideach smuaineachadh
dol na b' fhaide air ar n-aghaidh. Bha Eachann Ruadh
Saighdear, a bha maille rium, 'na dhuine tuigseach; bha e
fada san arm ; chuir e suas an cota-dearg fo 'n Cheannard
urramach sin, Ailein-an Earrachd. Bha e maille ris ann an
iomadh cath cruaidh, agus b' fhiach e eisdeachd gach sgeul a
bha aige mu gach sealladh deisinneach a chunnaig e. An uair
a thuig e nach robh e tearainte imeachd na b' fhaide air bile
nan sgairneach a bha fodhainn, threoraich e mi gu bun na
frithe, far an robh ionad dionach anns am faodamaid fuireach
gu madainn. An uair a bha sinn a' tearnadh, dh' fheoraich
mi dheth an robh na creagan a bha 'na bheachd fada uainn.
"Tha creagan gu leoir far a bheil sinn, agus tha uaimb
fhasgach goirid o 'n aite so," ars' esan ; * ach 's coma learn
iad ; tha e cho math dhuinn an seachnadh. Is e so," thuirt
esan, ann an guth iosal, mar gum biodh e a' cagarsaich am
chluais, " Is e so Coire-na-SHhe ; agus, a dh' innseadh na firinn,
b' fhearr learn a bhith fliuch leis a' cheo, na fasgadh 'iarraidh
anns na h-aiteachan grannda sin." "Chan fhaod e 'bhith,"
thuirt mi ris, " gu bheil thusa, Eachainn, a' creidsinn a leithid
sin de dh' amaideachd ; gun teagamh chan 'eil thu ach ri
feala-dha." "Feala-dha ann no as," thuirt esan, "is coma
learn iad ; mar thuirt an seann duine, ' Fhad 's a dh' fhuiriclieas
58
an t-olc uainn fuiricheamaid uaith.' Thig air d' adhart; tha
sinn dluth do dh' Uaimh-na-h-Ochanaich ; ach beannachd 'nan
siubhal 's 'nan imeachd, 's i an nochd Di-h-aoine, agus cha
chluinn iad sinn."
Thug mi air seasamh car tamaill, is thoisich mi air cur
an ceill da faoineachd a leithid sin de smuaintean. Chual' e
mi gu deireadh, gun stad a chur air mo sheanachas ; ach a'
socrachadh a bhreacain thar a ghualainn, 's a' toirt sgrogaidh
a nuas air a bhoineid, ghreimich e na bu tinne am bata
bha na 'laimh, agus thug e ceum air 'aghaidh, ag radh, " Bi
bruidhinn an drasta, eisdidh mi riut am maireach ; gabhamaid
seachad air an am; chan aite so gu moran seanachais a
labhairt." — "Dean stad, Eachainn," thuirt mi ris; "tha mi
a' cur romham an oidhche 'chur seachad ann an Uaimh-na-
h-Ochanaich ; fuirich learn, 's na fag mi. Ach ma tha eagal
ort." — "Eagal!" ars' Eachann, 's e a' tionndadh air a shail ;
u bi air d' earalas, a dhuine choir, agus tagh do chainnt ; ged
nach tig dhomhsa a radh, is tu fhein a' chiad fhear a chuir
•eagal as mo leth." " Tha mi ag iarraidh maitheanais," thuirt
mi ris ; " thig learn do 'n uaimh, agus feuchaidh sinn ciod a
th' agad ann an luib do bhreacain, is ni sinn reite." "Theid
mi leat," ars' an saighdear coir, " agus fuirichidh mi leat, ged
a bhiodh e Ian de na Frangaich, gun teachd air na creutairean
leibideach, faoin sin, nach *eil, ma dh' fhaodteadh, ann idir,
ged tha leithid de sheanachas mu 'n timcheall."
Bha sinn a nis aig beul na h-uamha, agus sheas Eachann
Ruadh. " Sin i agad a nis," thuirt e ; " agus urram na h-uaisle
do 'n choigreach, gabh air d' adhart." Chaidh sinn a steach
fo dhion, agus shuidh sinn air a' chiad chloich chothromaich a
fhuair sinn. Cha robh mo chompanach ro dheonach air moran
cainnte ; bha e a' sgioblachadh a bhreacain, an uair a ghrad
thog e a cheann mar gum buaileadh peileir e. "Ciod e so?"
thuirt e, 's e a' farcluais; "mur creid thu mise, creid do
chluasan." Thainig a nuas oirnn sa' cheart am sin cepl
tiamhaidh, binn, nach d' fhiosraich mi eisdeachd r' a leithid
riamh roimhe ; agus bha dearbh fhios agam nach b' ann o aon
inneal-ciuil a b' aithne dhomh a thainig e. Chan fhaodadh so
gun mhor ioghnadh a chur oirnn. Bha an oidhche dorcha ;
Ma an t-aite udlaidh, uaigneach ; bha sinn fada o thigheadas
-dhaoine, am measg garbhlach chreag, ann an coire fiadhaich.
Eagal cha robh orm, oir bha mi lan-chinnteach gum bu cheol
saoghalta a bha ann, agus chur mi romham, na 'm b' urrainn
59
domh, 'fhaotainn a mach cia as a thainig e. "An teid thu
suas learn, Eachainn?" "Theid," ars' esan, agus e a' cur
seachad na bha e a' toirt as a bhreacan ; " is minic a thachair e
mar so fhein, eadar am bile 's an deoch. Shaoilinn gum biodh
e cho math fuireach gu madainn ; ach cuimhnich, ' Am fear a
theid san dris, gun iomair e teachd as mar a dh'fhaodas e.' "
Ghabh sinn suas, amfeadh a bha an ceol a' sior fhas na b' airde.
Fa-dheireadh thainig leus soluis oirnn ; sheas Eachann beagan
air deireadh, 's an uair a chaidh mi timcheall stuo creige,
chunnaig mi sealladh nach teid gu luath as m' aire. Dh' fhan
mo chompanach far an robh e, theagamh a' smuaineachadh
gum faca mi tuilleadh 's a bu mhiann learn. Bha lasair
chridheil theine aig ceann shuas na h-uamha, o ghiuthas
seachdta a bha pailt mu 'n aite ; agus 'na shuidhe aig an teine
bha leth sheann duine laidir, colgarra ; currac ard, molach, air
a cheann, anns an robh dos de dh' ite an fhirein, agus a chom
uile air a' chomhdachadh le biana fhiadh agus earb. Bha
Ian shealladh agamsa air-san, ged nach b' urrainn dasan mise
'fhaicinn. Bha e 'oluiche gu surdail air da thruimb mhoir
Abraich, a bha air an deanamh san am sm gu h-ealanta, dliith
do sheana Chaisteal Dubh Inbhir-Lochaidh. An crochadh ris
gach meur d' a lamhan, bha clag beag airgid, a rinn fuaim
anabarrach binn, agus o 'n do tharmaich a' cho-sheirm a chuir
mo chompanach fo eagal cho mor. " Thig air d' adhart," thuirt
mi gu samhach ri Eachann. "A bheil iad an sin?" thuirt e.
"A bheil iad a' dannsadh san t-solus, no ri fleadhachas-cuirme f"
Dhliithaich e gu sgathach ri m' thaobh, agus air dha a' chiad
phlathadh 'fhaicinn de 'n fhear-chiuil, thug e sitheadh seachad
orm, a' glaodhaich a mach le aighear nach b' urrainn da a
cheannsachadh, "Iain Mhoir nan Creag, an tusa tha 'n so?
Mo bheannachd air do cheann molach; is mi a tha toilichte
d' fhaicinn !"
Dh' eirich Iain bochd, agus chuir e failte oirnn, a' tilgeil
tuilleadh mhaidean air an teine. Shuidh sinn mu 'n cuairt air
a' chagailt ; agus dh' aidich Eachann coir, oir oealg cha robh na
'chom, nach b' urrainn da gu brath a bhith cho taingeil 's a
bhuineadh dha, air son nach d' fhuair e cead tilleadh, mar bha
run air, an uair a chual' e an ceol. " Is iomadh sgeul, thuirt e,
" a chuala mi riamh mu Choire-na-Sithe ; 's na 'm bithinn an
nochd air tilleadh gun so 'fhaicinn, bha mo sgeula fhein chum an
dearbhadh. Cha tugadh am ministeir fhein orm a chreidsinn
nach robh na daoine-beaga ann an Uaimh-na-h-Ochanaich."
60
Dh' fheoraich mi dheth an robh da-rireadh eagal air?
" Eagal!" thuirt esan, agus e a' suathadh air falbh an fhallais-
fhuair a bha fhathast air a ghnuis; "air naile bha, 's gu
leoir dheth; barrachd 's a bha riamh orm a' dol sios do 'n
bhlar le Ailein-an-Earrachd ; ach ma bha cha bhi tuilleadh
mu 'n ghnothach eheudna.'
Tha so a' leigeil ris duinn cia co faoin an ni o 'n eirich
seanachas duthcha mu ni bha iad gnathaichte a chreidsinn :
agus na n rannsaicheadh daoine gu mionaideach mu
thimcheall, thuigeadh iad gur e bha ann, an aite a bhith na
'chuis-eagail, culaidh-abhacais agus fearas-chuideachd.
Fhuair mi mach o Eachann eachdraidh an duine bhochd so
a bha 's an uaimh. Bu neo-dhuine gun mhath gun mhilleadh
e, a nuas o 'oige. G-ed a bha e gun mhoran toinisg no tuigse,
bha e 'na sheol fhein fo chaileigin de mheas anns an diithaich.
Bha e eolach air aisridh chumhang an fheidh 's na h-earba, agus
b' e 'thoileachas-inntinn an fhaoghaid a hantainn le oigridh na
tire. Cha robh bearradh, no bealuch, no aithghearradh troimh
mhonadh, no beul-atha air abhainn, no earn, no garaidh, air
nach robh e mion eolach. Re an t-samhraidh b' i uaimh nan
creag a chomhnuidh ; ghluais e o airigh gu airigh, 's cha
deachaidh e riamh air falbh falamh o aon diubh. Cha bhiodh
e gun lbn fhad 's a bhiodh dearc air torn, meas no cnothan ann
an coille ; chan fliailnicheadh a leaba am feadh a gheabhadh
e fraoch badanach, gorm, a' fas gu dosrach anns gach aite;
agus mar thuirt e fhein, bha a chuid tromb soirbh r' an
gleusadh. Bha a dhachaidh anns gach aite far an laigheadh
a' ghrian air ; agus comhla cha do dhniideadh riamh air. Cha
robh a mhaileid doirbh r' a giiilan, cha robh innte ach a' chlach-
theine agus am fadadh-spuinge ; sgian-dubh a dh' fhionnadh
nam fiadh ; ribe a ghlacadh an fhirein, agus cromag iarainn a
lubadh nan s^eug. Ach ma bha an duine bochd so air bheag
eolais. bu taitneach r' a fhaicinn an t-saothair a ghabh a
pharantan ris ann an laithean oige. Ghabh e dhuinn moran
de laoidhean agus de dhanaibh naomha ; rinn e so le uiread
chrabhaidh, agus air doigh a bu stolda na iomadh fear a
b' fhaide leughadh. Sheinn e iad le fonn tiamhaidh, muladach,
is e ri turaman air 'ais agus air 'aghaidh, a rainig mo chridhe.
Mu 'n do leag e a thaobh ri lar, dh' earb e e fhein ri Dia.
u Allabanaich bhochd," thuirt mi rium fhein, "caidil gu
tearuinte ; gabhaidh Dia ciiram dhiot. Truagh 's mar tha thu
ann am beachd an t-saoghail, tha thu cho priseil 'na shealladh-
1)1
flan ris an righ is mo air thalamli. Is lionmhor iad a tha air
an oidhche nochd air an diteadh leat, d' an d' thug Dia tuigse,
fiosrachadli, agus foghlum, a tha a' laighe sios air an leap-
aichean riomhach, gun suim dasan a tha os an cionn, o bheil
iad a' sealbhachadh gach beannachd."
II.
Litir o Fhionnlagh Piobaire g' a Mhnaoi.
A Mhairi, a ghraidh, — Is bnadhna leam gach la o n a
dhealaich mi riut fhein agus ris na paisdean. Tha mi an drast
^nn an Glaschu mor nan stiopall, baile na gleadhraich. O nach
robh mi aon uair eile am shineadh air bruach na h-aibhne, far
nach cluinninn ach torman nan allt, bairich nam bo, agus
oeileireadh nan eun. Tha mi nis, mar a gheall mi, dol a
4h' innseadh dhuit mar fhuair mi a mach.
Tha cuimhn' agad fhein mar a dhealaich sinn. Thog mi
orm le bocsa na pioba gu beul a' chaolais. Is ann an sin a
bha 'n othail — Marsali Mhor agus na buanaichean a bha leatha
<jho aoibhinn, aighearach, 's ged nach biodh iad ach a' dol do n
choille-chno. Co bha am broilleach na cuideaohd ach Para
Mor, le 'fheile-beag 's le 'bhoineid, mar a b' abhaist da ; cuaille
de bhata daraich na 'laimh, agus maileid de bhian gaibhre air
a dhruim. "Failtf ort. Fhionnlaigh Phiobaire," ars' esan ;.
"gum meal thu do bhrigis." "Ma-ta," arsa mise, 'tubaist
•oirre ! Is i so a' chiad uair a chuir mi orm i. Na 'm fuirgheadh
i shuas cha bu ghearan e ; ach tha mi cheana cho sgith dhith 's
a bha da-bhliadhnach eich de 'n ghad, a' chiad oidhche a chuir-
eadh air e." A mach ghabh sinn an ooinne soitheach-na-
smuide, "A' Mhaighdean-Mhorairneach," mar their iad rithe.
Bha i 'teannadh oirnn o Mhuile, a' cur na smiiid di. " Tha i so
a' tighinn," arsa Para Mor, " an aigeannach mhaol, ghrannda,
le 'gleadhraich, 's le 'h-upraid ; cha b' ioghnadh leam ach ' A'
Mhaighdean ' a radh rithe ; b' i sin a' mhaighdean gun mhodh,
gun eisimeil." Tharraing i oirnn le caoiribh bana fo a sroin ;
a' slachdraich agus a' sloistreadh na fairge foipe, a bha ag
eirigh 'na h-iomairean bana, cobhragach, a nunn gu Aros.
Thainig i a nuas oirnn a' bagradh ar smaladh fo a cuibhlichean.
Fa-dheireadh stad a' bheist ; agus cha luaith' a stad na cuibh-
lichean a dhol mu 'n cuairt na thug feadan fada, caol. a bha
-suas ri taobh an t-simileir mhoir, aon ran as, a shaoil mi a
sgaineadh mo cheann. Is ann an sin a bha an uinich agus an
othail, an dol ri oliathaich na luinge — a h-uile beul fosgailte
san aon am ; gun urram fir d' a cheile. Ma 's i Marsali Mhor,
thug i mach a,' Bheurla sin nach do chleachd io'na bha i an
uraidh air a' Ghalldachd. Co ach ise! Bha Bheurla 'a a'
Ghaidhlig am measg a cheile. "Dean fodha," ars' an dara
h-aon. "Nach iomair thu, mhic do mhathar!" ars' an t-aon
eile. " A stigh an ramh-braghad shuas ; buille g' a deireadh
shios ; na dean thusa, Iain Bhain." " ' Cannie, cannie,' 'illean,"
arsa Marsali Mhor. "Gu reidh!'' ars' a h-uile h-aon. Mur
bhi mo naire, 's mar bha mi ceangailte sa' bhrigis, bha mi
mach a shnamh gu tir. Fa-dheireadh thainig ball cainbe le
fead m' ar cluasan, agus ghlaodh nach neach, "Cum air gu
gramail, Iain Bhain." Thug a' gheola aon sathadh aisde
nunn gu taobh na luinge agus shaoil mi gun robh sinn thairis.
Fhuair mi suas, ach chan fhios domh cionnas ; agus cha mho
bha fhios agam c ait an tionndaidhinn.
"Tha thu an sin, Fhionnlaigh," arsa Para Mor, "'mar
bho mhaoil am buaile choimhich.' Thig learn a dh'amharc
mionach na Maighdinn so fhein, a dh' fheuchainn an tuig sinn
mar tha 'bheairt innleachdach ag iomairt." Ach ma chaidh, is
ann an sin, a Mhairi, a bha am fire-faire — sailthean iarainn
agus slatan a' gluasad a nunn agus a nail, a sios agus a suas, air
an ais agus air an adhart, gun tamh, gun stad; cnagan agus
gobhlan, agus eagan a' freagairt d' a cheile ; cuibhlichean beaga
'nan dean ruith mu na cuibhlichean mora. Bha duine truagh
shios am measg na h-acfhainn, a' cur na smuid deth, far nach
saoileadh tu am b' urrainn do luch dol gun a milleadh ; ach
bha esan a' gluasad air f eadh na h-upraid cho neo-sgathach 's a
rachadh Para Mor no mise am measg nan caorach — ag armadh
gach acfhainn, achlais, udalain, agus feadain, le h-ola agus le
h-im. "A dhuine thruaigh," arsa Para Mor, "is ann agam
nach 'eil suil ri d' aite j is daor a tha thu a' cosnadh d' arain."
" Car-son ?" ars' esan, agus e a' tionndadh suas a shin, a bha
a' snamh ann am f alias. G-ed a labhradh a' gheimhleag iarainn
a bha na 'laimh cha b' urrainn duinn barrachd ioghnaidh a
bhith oirnn na an uair a chuala sinn an duine so a' labhairt na
Gaidhlig. " Nach do shaoil mi,'' arsa Para Mor, " gur Sasunn-
ach, no Eireannach, no Gall bochd a bh' ann." Thainig e nios
a' siabadh an fhallais o 'ghnuis le bad obrcaich a bha 'na laimh,
agus thbisich e air beachd a thoirt duinn air an acfhainn. Ach,
eudail, b' e sin an fhaoineis. " An saoil thusa, Phara Mhoir,"
arsa mise, " nach ann sa' cheann a smaointich an toiseaoh air
63
so a bha an innleachd?" "Coma learn e fhein is 'innleachd!"
arsa Para Mor ; " is mi-nadurra, peacach, an innleachd so fhein
— a' cur sruth agus soirbheas an Fhreasdail g' an dulan, a' dol
'nan aghaidh gun seol, gun ramh. Coma learn i ! — chan 'eil
an innleachd so cneasda. B' fhearr learn a bnith ann an geola
dhubh Acha-na-creige — E6ghan-an-Rudha air an stiuir — a'
ruith le croinn ruisgte troimli Bhuinne-nami-biodaig, na a bhith
innte. Tha mi ag radh riut nach 'eil an innleachd so cneasda."
An uair a bha sinn a nunn gu ceann Mhusdail chuala mi
fhein sgal pioba air mo chul, agus air dhomh tionndadh co a
bha an so ach balach ronnach de mhuinntir Thir-idhe, a'
gleusadh a phioba fhad 's a bheireadh duin' eile cuairt aisde.
" Ma-ta," arsa Para mor, " ' Is ceannach air an ugh an gloc/
Ciamarthasoa'cordadh riut, Fhionnlaigh ?" "'Is searbh a 7
ghloir,'" thuirt raise, " 'nach fhaodar eisdeachd/ " Chluich e,
fa-dheireadli, " Bodach nam Brigisean," agus mu 'n do sguir e
dheth bha mi cho sgith dhe fhein agus d ; a cheol 's a bha mi
de 'n bhrigis lachdainn.
Co a bha an deireadh na luinge ach Alasdair Ruadh Mac-
Iain- Abraich, Tighearna Chola. Mhothaich e dhomh fhein,
agus smeid e orm. Cha robh math a dhiultadh. Bha moran
uaislean sliios leis air clar-deiridh na luinge — Sasunnaich,
Goill, agus Frangaich — cuid diubh a' leughadh ; cuid 'nan
cadal ; cuid a' meananaich ; cuid ag itheadh. Bha fear dhiubh
le gloin'-amhairc fhada, riomhaich, r' a shuil, mar gum biodh
e a' dol a losgadh air Caisteal Dubhairt. Mhothaich mi
fear fada, caol, glas-neulach, le speuclair air a shroin, agus
bioran ruadh 'na laimh, leis an robh e a' tarraing dealbh a'
Chaisteil. Bha baintighearna mhor, riomhach, 'nam measg,
agus measan leibideach de chu beag, molach, 'na h-uchd, ris
an robh i a' briodal, agus 'ga phbgadh. Thug mi fhein a
mach a' phiob mar a dh' iarr iad ; ach a' chiad sgal a thug i,
theich gach aon diubh ach aon Sasunnach mor, reamhar, a
shuidh mu m' choinne le 'dha mheur 'na chluasan, agus
sgraing air mar gum bithinn a' dol g a itheadh.
Ma bha ceol am measg nan uaislean bha ceol agus dannsadh
an ceann eile na luinge. Ach an uair a bha sinn a' dol sios gu
Eisdeal " ohaidh an ceol feadh na fidhle." Bha an fhairge na
'mill agus na 'gleanntan. Thoisich soitheach-na-smuide fhein ri
dannsadh. Cha robh ran a bheireadh am feadan nor as nach
saoileadh tu gun robh muc-mhara r' a cliathaich. Cha chluinn-
eadh tu a nis ach osnaidhean o gach aite. Bha an Sasunnach
64
mor a bha a' fochaid air a" phiob agus a cheann thar beul-mor
na luinge, an impis sgaineadh. "An tuilleadh teannaidh ort !"
.arsa mise; "nior-thaing mur 'eil pluic piobaire nis ort fhein."
Rainig sinn an Crionan. " Is priseil," arsa Para Mor, " a' chas
air tar " — a' chiad fhacal a thainig as a cheann o n a chaidh
.sinn seachad air Beul Loch-Faochann.
An la-ar-na-mhaireach rainig sinn Glaschu, aig aite lis an
abair iad am ' Broomielaw.' B' e sin ceidhe na h-upraid —
luingis-na-smuide a' falbh agus a' teachd Ian sluaigh; mar
gum biodh an saoghal a' dol do Ghlaschu agus an saoghal a'
-teicheadh as. Bho nach d' fhas mi bodhar leis a' ghleadhraich
a bha am chluasan, cha chiiram learn gun caill mi mo chlaist-
eachd tuilleadh. Bha sreath dhaoine air an tarraing suas fa-
chomhair nan soithichean, le ball cainbe mu ghuala gach aoin
diubh, agus braiste riomhach a^'r 'uchd. Bha iad so a'
smeideadh oirnn mar a bha sinn a' dol gu tir, a h-uile beul
fosgailte mar gum biodh iad a' cur failt' oirnn; gach lamh
sinte, agus gach suil siubhlach mar gum biodh iad ag iarraidh
luchd-eolais. Bha aon fhear gu h-araidh, a shocraich a shuil
orm fhein, agus air dhomh amharc air gu geur a dh' fheuch an
cuimhnichinn co e, chuir e a lamh r ; a aid, agus chrom e a
cheann cho modhail, shiobhalta, 's nach b'urrainn domh gun
an fhailt' a fhreagairt. Ann am priobadh na siila bha e air
clar na luinge, agus thog e leis bocsa mo phioba agus maileid
Phara Mhoir, cho easgaidh 's a ghlacadh Gaidseir Thobar-
Mhoire buideal uisge-bheatha, gun chuireadh, gun ciiead.
"Air d' athais," arsa Para Mor ; " an cuala tu riamh, mo ghille
math, mar a thuirt clag Sgain, 'An rud nach bum duit na
buin daT' "Leanaibh mise, a dhaoine-uaisle," ars' an duine,
agus e a' falbh ceum romhainn. "Is ann sa' bhaile-mhor
fhein," thuirt mise, " a tha am modh. Is fhad o 'n a chuala
mi gum bi 'gille aig an fheannaig fhein a's t-fhoghar.' "
Dh' iarr sinn air ar toirt gu tigh Eoghain Oig, far an do rinn
iad ar beatha gu cridheil.
Slan leat, a Mhairi, a ghraidh, air an am. Cuiridh mi litir
eile ad ionnsaidh ann an uine ghoirid, an uair a gheabh mi
cosnadh. Chan 'eil thu fhein agus na paisdean tiota as mo
<jhuimhne. O bi furachair mu Lachann beag, mo chuilean
gaolach.
Am Freasdal a bhith maille riut — guidhe durachdach
D' fhir-phosda ghradhaich,
FlONNLAGH MaC-A0NGHAIS. •
65
III.
MURCHADH AGUS MlONACHAG.
Chaidh Murchadh agus Mionachag do'n choille aon la a
bhuain subh; ach mar a bhuaineadh Murchadh. cUi' itheadh
Mionachag. Dh' fhalbh Murchadh a dh' iarraidh slat a
ghabhail air Mionachaig 'a i ag itheadh a chuid subh. " De
do naidheachd an diugh, a Mhurchaidh?" ars' an t-slat. "Is
e mo naidheachd gu bheil mi ag iarraidh —
Slat a ghabhail air Mionachaig 's i 'g itheadh mo
chuid subh."
" Chan f haigh thu mise," ars' an t-slat, " gus am faigh thu
tuagh a bhuaineas mi." Rainig e an tuagh. " De do naidh-
eachd an diugh, a Mhurchaidh?" "Is e mo naidheachd gu
bheil mi ag iarraidh —
Tuagh a bhuain slait— slat a ghabhail air Mion-
achaig 's i 'g itheadh mo chuid subh."
" Chan fhaigh thu mise gus am faigh thu clach a bhleitheas
mi." Rainig e a' chlach. "De do naidheachd an diugh, a
Mhurchaidh ?" " Is e mo naidheachd gu bheil mi ag ia rraidh —
Clach a bhleith tuaigh— tuagh a bhuain slait—
slat a ghabhail air Mionachaig 's i 'g itheadh mo
chuid subh."
* Chan fhaigh thu mise gus am faigh thu uisge a fhliuchas
mi." Rainig e an t-uisge. " De do naidheachd an diugh, a
Mhurchaidh V Is e mo naidheachd gu bheil mi ag iarraidh —
Uisge 'dhol mu chloich— clach a bhleith tuaigh —
tuagh a bhuain slait — slat a ghabhail air Mionachaig
's i 'g itheadh mo chuid subh."
" Chan fhaigh thu mise gus am faigh thu fiadh a shnamhas
mi." Rainig e am fiadh. "De do naidheachd an diugh, a
Mhurchaidh f " " Is e mo naidheachd gu bheil mi ag iarraidh —
Fiadh a shnamh uisg'— uisge 'dhol mu chloich—
clach a bhleith tuaigh — tuagh a bhuain slait — slat a
ghabhail air Mionachaig 's i 'g itheadh mo chuid
subh."
5
66
" Chan fliaigh thu mise gus am faigh thu gadhar a ruitheas
mi. ,, Rainig e an gadhar. "De do naidheachd an diugh, a
Mhurchaidh I" " Is e mo naidheachd gu bheil mi ag iarraidh —
Gadhar a ruith feidh — fiadh a shnamh uisg' — uisge
'dhol ruu chloich — clach a bhleith tuaigh— tuagh a
bhuain slait — slat a ghabhail air Mionachaig 's i
'g itheadh mo chuid subh."
"Chan fhaigh thu mise gus am faigh thu im a theid ri
m' chasan." Rainig e an t-im. " De do naidheachd an diugh, a
Mhurcha.idh V " Is e mo naidheachd gu bheil mi ag iarraidh —
Im a dhol ri casan gadhair — gadhar a ruith feidh
—fiadh a shnamh uisg' — uisge 'dhol mu chloicb —
clach a bhleith tuaigh — tuagh a bhuain slait — slat
a ghabhail air Mionachaig 's i ? g itheadh mo chuid
subh '
"Chan fhaigh thu mise gus am faigh thu luch a sgriobas
mi." Rainig e an luch. "De do naidheachd an diugh, a
Mhurchaidh f J ' " Is e mo naidheachd gu bheil mi ag iarraidh —
Luch a sgriobadh ime — im a dhol ri casan gadhair
gadhar a ruith feidh— fiadh a shDamh uisg' — uisge
'dhol mu chloich— clach a bhleith tuaigh— tuagh a
bhuain slait— slat a ghabhail air Mionachaig 's i
'g itheadh mo chuid subh."
"Chan fhaigh thu mise gus am faigh thu cat a shealgas
mi." Rainig e an cat. "De do naidheachd an diugh, a
Mhurchaidh V " Is e mo naidheachd gu bheil mi ag iarraidh—
Cat a shealg lucha — luch a sgriobadh ime— im a
dhol ri casan gadhair— gadhar a ruith f&dh — fiadh
a shnamh uisg' — uisge 'dhol mu chloich — clach a
bhleith tuaigh— tuagh a bhuain slait— slat a ghabh-
ail air Mionachaig 's i 'g itheadh mo chuidh subh."
"Chan fhaigh thu mise gus am faigh thu bainne dhomh."
Rainig e a' bho. ' De do naidheachd an diugh, a Mhurch-
aidh)" "Is e mo naidheachd gu bheil mi ag iarraidh —
Bainne do 'n chat— cat a shealg lucha— luch a
sgriobadh ime— Im a dhol ri casan gadhair— gadhar
a ruith feidh— fiadh a shnamh uisg' — uisge 'dhol mu
chloich — clach a bhleith tuaigh — tuagh a bhuain
slait— slat a ghabhail air Mionachaig *s i 'g itheadh
mo chuid subh."
" Chan fhaigh thu bainne uamsa gus am faigh thu boitean
o 'n ghille-shabhail domh/' Rainig e an gille-sabhail. " De do
Haidheachd an diugh, a Mhurchaidh V "Is e mo naidheachd
gu bheil mi ag iarraidh —
Boitein do 'n bho — bainne do 'n chat — cat a shealg
lucha — luch a sgriobadh ime — im a dhol ri casan
gadhair— gadhar a ruith f&dh— fiadh a shnamh uisg'
— uisge 'dhol mu chloich— clach a bhleith tuaigh—
tuagh a bhuain slait— slat a ghabhail air Mionachaig
's i 'g itheadh mo chuid subh."
Chan fhaigh thu boitean uamsa gus am faigh thu bonnach
o 'n bhean-fhuine dhomh." Rainig e a' bhean-fhuine. " De do
naidheachd an diugh, a Mhurchaidh V " Is e mo naidheachd
gu bheil mi ag iarraidh —
Bonnaich do 'n ghille-shabhail— boitein do 'n bh6
—bainne do 'n chat— cat a shealg lucha— luch a
sgriobadh ime— im a dol ri casan gadhair— gadhar
a ruith f&dh— fiadh a shnamh uisg'— uisge 'dhol mu
chloich— clach a bleith tuaigh— tuagh a bhuain
slait— slat a ghabhail air Mionachaig 's i 'g itheadh
mo chuid subh."
"Chan fhaigh thu bonnach uamsa gus an toir thu stigh
uisg' a dh' fhuineas e."
"Co ann a bheir mi stigh an t-uisge?"
" Chan 'eil soitheach ann ach an criathar-cabhrach sin."
Thug Murchadh leis an criathar-cabhrach, agus rainig e an
iobar ; ach a h-uile deur a chuireadh e sa' chriathar-chabhrach
rachadh e troimhe. Thainig f eannag os a chionn agus ghlaodh
i, " Gorag, gorag I"
" Tha thu ceart, fheannag," arsa Murchadh.
"Cre ruadh 's cbinneach— ere ruadh '$ coinneach," fchuirt
an fheannag.
Chuir Murchadh ere ruadh agus coinneach anns a' chriathar ;
thug e stigh an t-uisge do 'n bhean-fhuine, agus fhuair e—
Bonnach do 'n ghille-shabhail— boitean do 'nbn6
—bainne do *n chat— cat a shealg lucha— luch a
68
sgriobadh ime — 1m a dhol ri casan gadhair — gadhar
a ruith f&dh — fiadh a shnamh uisg'— uisge 'dhol mil
chloich — clach a bhleith tuaigh— tuagh a bhuain
slait— slat a ghabhail air Mionachaig 's i 'g itheadh
a chuid subh,
Ach an uair a thill Murchadh bha Mionachag an deidh
sgaineadh.
IV.
Cead Deieeannach nam Beann.
Bha mi 'n de 'm Beinn-dorain,
'S 'na coir cha robh mi aineolach;
Chunna mi na gleanntan,
'S na beanntaichean a b' aithne dhomh.
B' e sin an sealladh eibhinn,
Bhith 'g imeachd air na sleibhtean,
Nuair bhiodh a' ghrian ag eirigh,
'S a bhiodh na feidh a' langanaich.
B' aobhach a' ghreigh uallach,
Nuair ghluaiseadh iad gu farumach,
'S na h-eildean air an fhuaran;
Bu chuannar na laoigh bhallach ann;
Na maoislichean 's na ruadh-bhuic,
Na coilioh dhubha 'a ruadha;
'S e 'n ceol bu bhinne chualas
Nuair chluinnt' am fuaim sa' chamhanaich.
*S togarrach a dh' fhalbhainn
G-u sealgaireachd nam bealaichean,
'Dol moch a dhireadh garbhlaich,
'S gum b' anmoch tigh'nn gu baile mi ;
An t-uisge glan 's am faileadb
Th' air muUach nam beann arda,
Chuidich e gu fas mi;
'S e rinn domh slaint' is fallaineaohd.
Fhuair mi greis a m' arach
Air airighean a b' aithne dhomh,
Ri oluiche, 's mire, 's manran,
'S bhith 'n coibhneas blath nan caileagan;
69
Bu chiiis an aghaidh naduir
'Gum maireadh sin an drast ann;
'S e b' eiginn bhith 'gam. fagail
Nuair thainig trath dhuinn dealacLadh.
Nis o 'n bhuail an aois mi,
Fhuair mi gaoid a mhaireas domh,
'Rinn milleadh air mo dheudach,
*& mo leirsinn air a dalladh orm;
Chan urrainn domh bhith treubhaoh,
Ged a chuirinn feum air,
'S ged bhiodh an ruaig am dheidh-sa,
Cha dean mi ceum ro chabhagach.
Ged tha mo cheann air liathadh,
'S mo chiabhagan air tanachadh,
'S trie a leig mi mial-chu
Ri fear fiadhaich, ceannardach;
Ged bu toigh learn riamh iad,
'S ged fhaicinn air an t-sliabh iad,
Oha teid mi nis 'gan iarraidh,
Bho 'n chaill mi trian na h-analach.
Ri am dol anns a' bhuireadh,
Bu durachdach a leanainn iad;
'S bhiodh uair aig sluagh na duthcha,
'Toirt bran iira 's rannachd dhoibh;
Greis eile mar ri cairdean,
Nuair bha sinn anns na campan ;
Bu chridheil anns an am sinn,
'S cha bhiodh an dram oirnn annasach.
Nuair bha mi 'n toiseach m' oige,
'S i ghoraich a chum f alamh mi ;
J S e 'm fortan tha cur oirnne
Gach aon ni coir a ghealladh dhuinn;
Ged tha mi gann a storas,
Tha m' inntinn Ian de sholas,
Bho 'n tha mi ann an dochas
Gun d' rinn Nigh'n Debrs' * an t-aran domh.
* His musket.
70
Bha mi 'n de san aonach,
'S bha smaointean mor' air m' aire-sa r
Nach robh 'n luchd-gaoil a b' abhaist
'Bhith 'siubhal fasaich mar rium ann;.
'S a' bheinn is beag a shaoil mi
Gun deanadh ise caochladh,
Bho 'n tha i nis fo chaoirich,
'S ann thug an saoghal car asam.
Nuair sheall mi air gach taobh dhiom,
Chan fhaodainn gun bhith smalanach,
Bho 'n theirig coill' is fraoch ann,
'S na daoine bh' ann cha mhaireann iad ;
Chan 'eil fiadh r' a shealg ann,
Chan 'eil eun no earb ann,
Am beagan nach 'eil marbh dhiubh,
'S e rinn iad falbh gu baileach as.
Mo shoraidh leis na frithean —
O 's miorbhailteach na beannan iad,
Le biolair uaine 's flor-uisg',
Deoch nasal, riomhach, cheanalta! —
Na blaran a tha priseil,
'S na fasaichean tha lionmhor;
Bho 'n 's ait' a leig mi dhiom iad,
Gu brath mo mhile beannachd leo !
OlDHCHE NA CALLA1NNE AN TlR ChEIN.
Is tiamhaidh, trom, mo chridhe 'nochd,
Is mi am aon'ran bochd learn fhein;
Chan iarr mi tamh, chan fhaigh mi lochd,
Is mi fo mhuig an duthaich chein.
Is iomadh cuimhne thursach, throm,
'Tha 'diisgadh brbin 's 'gam chur fo sprochd
*S e 'thog an osna ann am chom,
JTach 'eil mi 'n Tir-nam-Beann an nochd.
.1
Tha Tir-nam-Beann mar bha i riamh —
Gach gleann, is sliabh, is creag nam faobh,
An creachann ard 's am bi am fiadh,
'S an leacann liath tha sios o 'thaobh.
Tha, fos, gach allt a' leum le toirm,
Bho chreig gu creig a sios gu traigh;
Tha barr an fhraoich fo 'bhadain ghorm',
Gu trom s gu dosrach mar a bha.
Ach c' ait' a bheil na cairdean graidh
D' an d' thug mi baidh an laithean m' big* ?
'S e fath mo mhulaid is mo chradh
A mheud 's a tha dhiubh 'n diugh fo 'n fhoid.
Tha al a' falbh is al a' teachd,
Mar thonn a' leantainn tuinn air traigh;
Ar bliadhnaichean tha iad, gu beachd,
Mar sgeulachd dhiamhain, ghearr, gun sta.
Athair mo ghraidh, chan 'eil e beo;
Mo mhathair chaomh chan 'eil i ann ;
'S rao chomh-aoisean rinn falbh mar cheo
A dh' fhuadaichear le gaoth nam beann.
slan le comunn caomh mo ghaoil
A chuireadh faoilt am chridhe bochd !
Mo chreach, chan 'eil iad air an t-saogh'l
A dheanadh aobhach mise 'nochd.
Ach tha iad beo an duthaich chein —
An Tir-na-Grein, gun oidlich' a chaoidh —
'S coinnichidh sinn a ris a cheil',
Gun suil fo dheur, gun chridh' a' caoidli.
C ar-son a bhithinn bronach, bochd,
A' caoidh fo sprochd an so learn fhein?
Do shuil, a Dhe, tha orms' an nochd,
Fo dheoraidheachd an duthaich chein.
Cha bhi mi 'caoidh, cha toir nri geill j
Fo thaic do sgeith gun iarr mi tamh;
Do thoil-sa deanar learn, a Dhe,
'Gam striochdadh fhein a chaoidh fo d' laimh.
72
VI.
Mac og an Iarla Ruaidh.
*' Cha teid mise chaoidh de m ? dhebin
Gu mac bg an Iarla Ruaidh,
Gus an cuir a' bheinn ud shios
Culaobh ris a' bheinn ud shuas.
" Cha teid mise chaoidh de m' dhebin
Gu mac bg an Iarla Ruaidh,
Gus an dean an eala bhan
Nead gu h-ard air bharr nan stuadh.
*' Cha teid mise chaoidh de m' dhebin
Gu mac bg an Iarla Ruaidh,
Gus an cuir am bradan breac
Tri cuir mhear' an crb nan uan."
Thog a muime thall a ceann —
" 'S gbrach learn do chainnt, a luaidh ;
Bheir thu gaol roimh Fheiil-an-Rbid,
Do mhac bg an Iarla Ruaidh.
"Cainnt nan bg-bhan tha mar dhruchd
A ni 'ghrian a shughadh suas;
Mu 'n tig Samhain bidh tu posd'
Aig mac bg an Iarla Ruaidh."
'Bheinn ud shuas 's a' bheinn ud shios,
Cha do charaich riamh 's cha ghluais,
Ach thug Mairi gaol gun ghb
Do mhac bg an Iarla Ruaidh.
Tha 'n eala 'gur san eilein bhan
'S am bradan tarr-gheal feadh a' chuain,
'S tha Mairi nis 'na ceile phbsd'
Aig mac bg an Iarla Ruaidh.
73
VII.
Linn an Aigh.
* An uair bha 'Ghaidhlig aig na h-eoin,"
Bha 'm bainne air an Ion mar dhruchd;
A' mhil a' fas air barr an fhraoich,
'S a h-uile ni cho saor 's am burn.
Cha robh daoin' a' paidheadh mail ;
Cha robh cain orra no cis —
Iasgach, sealgach, agus coilT,
Ac' gun fhaighneachd is gun phris.
Cha robh cogadh, cha robh comh-stri,
Cha robh connsachadh no streup —
H-uile h-aon a' gabhail comhnuidh
Anns an t-seol bu deoin leis fhein.
Cha robh guth air creich no toir;
Bha gach duil 'tigh'nn beo an sith;
Feum sam bitn cha robh air mod,
'S lagh na corach anns a' chridh'.
Dh' or no dh ; airgead cha robh miadh,
Sogh is fialachd air gach laimh;
Aire cha d' fhiosraich duine riamh,
Is cha d' iarr aon neach cuid chaich.
Bha coibhneas, comunn, iochd, is gradh,
Anns gach ait am measg an t-sluaigh,
Eadar far an eirich grian,
*S far an laigh i 'n iar sa' chuan.
Bha gach achadh fo throm bharr,
Gu Ian 's gu torach, air a' chluain ;
Bliochd is bainne aig an al;
Innis anns gach ait aig buar.
Cha robh feum air cleith no crann;
Chinn gach ni neo-ghann leis fhein ;
Meas is blaths sa' h-uile h-am —
A' bhliadhna 'na samhradh gu leir.
74
VIII.
TUIKEADH.
Dh' iadh ceo nan stuc mu aodann Chuilinn,
Is sheinn a' bhean-shith a torman mulaid,
Tha suilean gorm, ciuin, san Dun a' sileadh,
Bho 'n thriall thu uainn 's nach till thu tuilleadh.
Cha till, cha till, cha till Mac-Cruimein,
An cogadh no sith cha till e tuilleadh,
Le h-airgead no ni cha till Mac-Cruimein,
Cha till gu brath gu La na Cruinne.
Tha osag nam beann gu fann ag imeachd,
Gach sruthan 's gach allt gu mall le bruthaich ;
Tha ealta nan speur feadh gheugan dubhach,
A' caoidh gun d' fhalbh 's nach till thu tuilleadh.
Tha 'n fhairge fa-dheoidh Ian broin is mulaid,
Tha 'm bata fo sheol ? ach dhiult i siubhal,
Tha garthaich nan tonn le fuaim neo-shubhach,
Ag radh gun d' fhalbh 's nach till thu tuilleadh.
Cha chluinnear do cheol san Dun mu fheasgar,
'S mac-talla nam mur le miiirn 'ga fhreagairt,
Gach fleasgach is oigh gun cheol, gun bheadradh,
Bho 'n thriall thu uainn 's nach till thu tuilleadh.
75
NOTES ON SPECIFIC READINGS.
Page 57, line 18 — " Ailein-an-Earrachd "—Allan Cameron of Erach t
in Lochaber, who raised the 79th Regiment, known as the Cameron
Highlanders.
Page 61; line 17 — " Marsali Mhdr agus na buanaichean." This refers
to the time when it was customary for Highland shearers to go to the
South country to the harvest.
Page 63, line 16 — " Bodach nam Brigisean " — The name of a well-
known pipe tune.
Page 63, line 19— " Mac-Iain-Abraich " — The patronymic of Maclean
of Coll.
Page 64, line 28— " Clag Sgkin "— The bell of Scone. As with
Whittington and the bells of London, the Highland people interpreted
the message of the bell of Scone thus — "An rud nach buin duit na
buin da" — " Mind your own business."
Page 64, line 33 — " Tigh Edghain Oig. " Edghan Og " was one of
the noms de plume of Lachlan Maclean, one of the principal contributors
to the " Teachdaire Gaidhealach."
Page 64, line 38 — " Mo chuilean " — A common term of endearment.
Page 65, line 2 — " Murchadh agus Mionachag." In some versions the-
male actor is called Murachan. There may possibly be the shadow of a.
moral in the piece, Murachan being the well-doing person, from
" Murrach," thrifty ; while the name Mionachag may be from "mionach,"
and thus a personification of greed.
Page 70, line 26—" Oidhche na Callainne "— Hogmanay night.
" Callainn " or " Collainn " is the Latin word " Calendse," the first of
the month.
Page 72, line 2—" Mac Og an Iarla Ruaidh." This exquisite ballad
appeared in " Albyn's Anthology," accompanied with the following very
free rendering by Sir Walter Scott : —
Nora's Vow.
Hear what Highland Nova said— " The swan," she said, "the lake's clear
" The Earlie's son I will not wed, May barter for the eagle's nest ; [breast
Should all the race of nature die, The Awe's fierce stream may backward turn,,
And none be left but he and I. Ben-Cruachan fall and crush Kilchurn ;
For all the gold, for all the gear, Our kilted clans, when blood is high,
And all the lands both far and near, Before their foes may turn and fly ;
That ever valour lost or won, But I, were all these marvels done,
I would not wed the Earlie's son." Would never wed the Earlie's son."
" A maiden's vows,'' old Callum spoke, Still in the water-lily's shade,
" Are lightly made and lightly broke ; Her wonted nest the wild-swan made ;
The heather on the mountain's height Ben-Cruachan stands as fast as ever,
Begins to bloom in purple light ; Still downward foams the Awe's fierceriver;
The frost-wind soon shall sweep away To shun the clash of foeman's steel,
That lustre deep from glen and brae ; No Highland brogue has turned the heel ;
Yet Nora, ere its bloom be gone, But Nora's heart is lost and won —
May blithely wed the Earlie's son. She's wedded to the Earlie's son.
76
Page 72, line 15 — " Muime." The term " muime " here means, not
stepmother, but nurse or lady-attendant.
Page 72, line 17— " Feill-an-R6id"— the Feast of the Holy Rood
34th September.
Page 73, line 3 — " An uair bha 'Ghaidhlig aig na h-eoin." The author
poetically fixes the period of the Golden Age as the time " when the birds
spoke the Gaelic language." The line quoted is from a poem by Ewen
Maclachlan.
Page 74, lines 5 and 19 — '* An Dun. This refers to Dunvegan Castle
the seat of Macleod of Macleod.
Page 74, line 7 — " Mac-Cruimein." The Mac-Crimmons were the
hereditary pipers of Dunvegan. The one of them who forms the subject
of this popular Lament fell at the Rout of Moy.
Page 74, line 13 — " Ealta nan speur" — "the coveys of the sky' —
the fowls of heaven.
VOCABULARY
FOR "HOW TO LEARN GAELIC."
Abbreviations and Explanations.
adjective
accusative
adverb
article
comparative
conjunction
contraction
dative
definite article
., adj.
5CUS.
iv
rt
■or.
mj.
mtr.
at
tf. art. . .
if, v defective verb
emo.i. pron. .. demonstrative pronoun
gp dependent
emphatic
noun feminine
, futm-e
, indefinite pronoun
. indicative
nph.
interrog. pron.
. . interrogative pronoun*
irreg.
. . irregular
m. ..
. . noun masculine
neg. part. . .
. . negative particle
nom.
. . nominative
num.
. . numeral
part.
. . participle
past bid. . .
. . past indicative
pers. pron. . .
P/x
. . personal pronoun
. prefix
Pi
poss. pron. . .
. . plural
. . possessive pronoun
prep.
. . preposition
prep. pron.
. . prepositional pronoun.
pres
. . present
pres. part. . .
. present participle
pron.
. . pronoun
rel
. . relative pronoun
v
. . verb.
voc
. . vocative.
%t
idef. pron.
id
tf, infinitive
iterj interjection
tierrog. part. . . interrogative particle
In nouns the nominative and genitive singular and the nominative plural are given *
n adjectives the possessive and comparative ; and in verbs the imperative singular (.second,
person) and the infinitive.
Nouns showing no genitive form are usually of the Weak Declension, and arej.ndeclin.
ible in the singular.
The place where the i nflccting suffix is added is indicated by a hyphen. Plural forms are
preceded by a semi-colon.
A, poss. pron., his, her, its.
A, an, rel. pron., who, that, which,
whom.
A., prep., out of.
A, prep., to.
A, sign of the voc.
A', am, an, an t-, art., the.
A', contraction of ag.
Abair, radh, v., say.
Abar, m., a river-mouth.
Abhac-as, ais, m., sport.
Abhainn, aibhne; aibhnichean, f., a
river.
Abhaist, e ; ean, f., custom.
Acfhainn, e ; ean, f., harness, tackle.
Ach, conj., but, except.
Ach-adh, aidh; aidhnean, m., a field,
a plain.
Achlais, e; ean, f., the arm-pit.
Ad, aide; adaichean, f., a hat.
Adh-ert, airt ; artan, m., forwardness.
Ag, sign of pres. part.
Ag-air, airt, radh, w. t claim.
Agam, prep, pron., at me, in my pos-
session. For agad, aige, aico;
againn, agaibh, aca, see grammar.
Agh, aigh, m., joy, happiness, luck.
Aghaidh, e; ean, f., the countenance,
Agus or is, or 's, oonj., and, as.
Aid-ich, eachadh, v., admit, confess.
Aig, prep., at.
Aigeann-ach, aich; aichean, f., a
termagant woman.
Aigh-ear, ir, f., gladness, cheerfulness.
Ail-ean, ein, m., a plain, a lawn.
Aill, e ; f ., the will.
Aillidh, e, a., beautiful.
Aindeoin, f., non-will.
Aineol-ach, aiche, a., ignorant.
Aing-eal, il ; ainglean, m., an angel.
Ainm, ainme ; ainmean, ainmeannao*
m., a name.
Ainmig, e, a., seldom, rare.
Ainn-eamh, imhe, a., rare, scarce;.
Air, prep., on, after.
Aire, e, f., distress, want.
Aird, e, f., a height.
Aird, e, f., preparation.
VOCABULARY.
Aire, f., notice, attention.
Air-eamh, imh; eamhan, f., number.
Airg-ead, id, m., silver, money.
Airidh, e, a., worthy.
Airigh, e ; ean, f ., a stealing.
Airneis, f., furniture.
Ais (air ais), adv., backward.
Ait or aite ; aiteachan, m., a place.
Aith-ghearr-adh, aidh, m., a short-cut.
Aithne, f., knowledge.
Aithn-ich, eachadh, v., recognise.
Aithris, aithris, aithriseadh, v., relate.
Aitr-eabh, ibh ; eabhan, f ., a building.
Al, ail, m., a generation.
Allaban-ach, aich; aich, m., a wan-
derer.
Allt, uillt; uillt, m., a brook, a burn.
Am, or an, def. art., the.
Am or an, interrog. particle.
Amaid-each, iohe, a., foolish."
Amh-airc, arc, v., look, see.
An, art., the.
An, conj., if.
An, poss. pron., their.
Anabarr, m., excess.
An-ail, alach, f., breath.
Anam, anma; anmannan, m., a soul.
An-moch, muiche, a., late.
Ann an, prep., in.
Ann, adv., there.
Ann, indef. pron., at all.
Annam, prep, pron., in me. For
annad, ann, innte, annainn, ann-
aibh, annta, see grammar.
Annas-ach, aiche, a., rare, novel.
Anns an, prep, with art. or rel. pron.,
in the, in whom.
Aobh-ach, aiche, a., joyful, cheerful.
Aobh-ar, air; aran, m., cause, reason.
Aod-ach, aich; aichean, m., clothes.
Aognaidh, e, a., pallid.
Aoibhinn, e, or aoibh-neach, niche, a.,
joyful.
Aoibhn-eas, is, m., gladness.
Aom, adh, v., incline, bow.
Aon or aona, a., one.
Aonar, aloneness.
Aonar-an, ain; ain, m., a hermit.
Aois, e; ean, f., age.
Aont-aich, achadh, v., consent.
Aosda, a., aged.
Ao-trom, truime, a., light.
Ap, a; an, f., an ape.
Ar, poss. pron., our.
Ar-ach, aich, m., rearing, upbringing.
Araidh, e, a., particular, special.
Ar-an, ain; ain, m., bread.
Ard, airde, a., high, sublime.
Ard-aich, achadh, v., raise elevate
Arm, airm; airm, m., a weapon, ar
Arm, adh, v., oil, grease.
Arsa, def. v., quoth.
As, adv., out. Cuir as do — , kill.
As an, prep, with art. or rel. pr<
out of the, out of whom.
Asa, a., compar. of farasda, easier
Asam, prep, pron., out of me.
asad, as, aisde, asainn, asai
asda, see grammar.
Ast-ar, air, m., a distance.
Ath, a., the next, again.
Ath, a; an, f., a kiln.
Ath-adh, aidh, m., bashfulness.
Ath-air, ar; raichean, m., a fatn<
Athais, f., leisure, a reproach.
Atharr-aich, achadh, v., change, al
Athghoirid, m., a short-cut.
B
B', for bu, past of v., is.
Bac, adh, ail, v., hinder, forbid.
Bad, a; an, m., a tuft, a cluster.
Bag-air, airt, radh, v., threaten.
Baidh, e, f., kindness, affection.
Baile; bailtean, m., a town, a far
Baileach, adv., wholly, entirely.
Baile-puirt, m., a seaport.
Bainne, m., milk.
Bain-tighearna ; tighearnan, f., ais
Bairich, f., lowing of cattle.
Bal-ach, aich ; aich, m., a lad, a lc
Balach-an, ain ; ain, m., a little 1
Balg-shaighead, m., a quiver.
Ball, buill; buill, m., a member
tool, a ball, a spot, a rope.
Ban, baine, a., white, pale.
Banais, Oainns-e ; ean; f., a weddi
Ban-righinn ; ean, or ban-righ ; e
f., a queen.
Banntr-ach, aich ; aichean, f., a wid
Bard, baird ; baird, m., a poet.
Barr, a; an, m., the top, a poini
crop.
Barrachd, m., more, superiority.
Bas, bais; bais, m., death.
Bas-aich, achadh, v., die, expire.
Bas-bhuilleach, a., death-dealing.
Bat or bata, bata ; bataichean, m
staff.
Bata, bata; bataichean, f., a boa
Beachd, a; an, m., observati
opinion. Gu beachd, surely.
VOCABULARY.
Beadr-adh, aidh, m., fun, fondling.
Beag, a., little, small.
Beag-an, ain, m., a little.
Beal-ach, aich; aichean, a pass, a
defile.
Bean, mna; dat., mnaoi; mnathan,
f., a woman.
Bean-bainnse, f., a bride.
Beannachd; an, mf., a blessing.
Bean-sbith, f., a fairy.
Bearr-adh, aidh; aidhean, m., a
mountain ridge.
Beairteach. See beirteacb.
Beatba, f., life, welcome.
Beath-aich, acbadh, v., feed, nourish.
Beinn, e ; beanntan, beanntaichean,
f., a mountain.
Beir, breith, beirsinn, v., bear, seize.
Beirt, e; ean, f., a loom, a burden,
equipment.
Beirt-each, icbe, a., wealthy.
Beist, e; ean,f., a beast.
Beo, m., life, life-time.
Beo, a, a., alive, living.
Beoth-acb, aicb ; aichean, m., a beast.
Beul, beoil; beoil, the mouth. Beal.
Beulaibh, m., frontr'presence.
Beul-atha, m., a ford.
Beul-mor, m., a boat gunwale.
Beum, beum-a; an, annan, m., a
stroke, a cut, a taunt.
Beum-sleibhe, m., a mountain torrent.
Beurla, f., the English language.
Bhan, adv., down, downward.
Bharr (a bharr), adv., moreover.
Bho or o, prep., from.
Bhos, adv., on this side.
Bhrigh, or, a bhrigh, conj., because.
Bhuam, see uam.
Bhur or 'ur, poss. pron., your.
Bi, bith, v., be.
Biadh, bidh, m., food.
Biadh, biathadh, v., feed.
Biadhtachd, f., hospitality.
Bian, bein ; bianan, m., a hide.
Bid, e; ean, m., a chirp.
Bigid, second oompar. of beag.
Bile, bile; bilean, f., a lip, an edge.
Binn, e, a., melodious.
Biod-ag, aig; agan, f., a dirk.
Bior, a; an, m., a thorn, a stick.
Bior-an, ain ; ain, m., a little stick.
Bith, f., life, existence.
Bitheanta, a. and adv., frequent,
often.
Blar, blair ; ulair, blaran, m., a plain,
a battle.
Blath, blaithe, a., warm, kind.
Bleith, bleith, v., grind.
Bliadhn-a; aichean, aidh, f., a year.
Bliochd, f., milk.
Bo, bo, dat., boin ; ba, f., a cow.
Boc, buic; buic, m., a he-goat, a roe-
buck.
Bochd, a., poor, needy.
Bod-ach, aich ; aich, a churl, a mutch-
kin.
Bodhar, buidhre, a., deaf.
Bogh-a ; achan, m., a bow.
Boineid, e; ean, fm., a bonnet.
Boireann, a., female.
Boireann-ach, aich ; aich, f., a woman.
Boit-ean, ein ; eanan, m., a bundle of
hay or straw.
Bonn, buinn ; buinn, bonnan, m., a
sole, a base, a coin.
Bonn-ach, aich ; aich, m., a cake.
Borb, buirbe, a., fierce, wild.
Bord, buird; buird, m., a table, z
board.
Both-an, ain; ain, m., a hut, a cot.
Brad-an, ain ; ain, m., a salmon.
Bragh-aid, ad; aidean, m., the neck
or throat.
Braighe, braghad ; braigh-ean
eannan, f., neck, upper part.
Braisd, e; ean, fm. , a brooch.
Bras, braise, a., quick, hasty.
Brat ; an, achan, m., a covering, -.
carpet.
Brat-ach, aich ; aichean, f ., a flag.
Brath (gu brath), adv., for ever.
Brath-air, ar; braithrean, m., a
brothet
Breac, brie; brie, m., a trout.
Breac, brice, a., spotted.
Breac-an, ain ; ain, anan, m., tartan,
a plaid.
Breag, adh, v., soothe, flatter.
Breug, breige; an, f., a falsehood.
Briath-ar, air; ran, m., a word.
Brigis, e; ean, f., a pair of breeches.
Briod-al, ail, v., caress, flatter.
Brist, eadh, v., break. Bris, eadh.
Brog, broige; an, f., a shoe.
Broill-each, ich; ichean, m., the
breast.
Bron, broin, m., grief, sorrow.
Bros-naich, nachadh, v., provoke.
incite.
VOCABULARY.
Bru, bronn ; dat. broinn ; bronna,
bronnaichean, f., a belly.
Bruach, bruaiob; an, f., a bank, a
brink.
Bruchd, adh, v., rush out.
Bruidhinn, v., talk, speak.
Bruidh-inn, ne, f., talk, speech.
Bruth-ach, aicb; aichean, m., an
ascent, a slope.
Bu, past of v. is.
Buachaill-e; ean, m., a cow-herd.
Buaidh, e; ean, buadhan, f., virtue,
victory.
Buail, bualadh, v., strike, beat.
Buail-e; tean, f., a fold.
Buail-teach, tiohe, a., liable to, infec-
tious.
Buain, buana, f., reaping, mowing.
Buair-eadh, idh: idhean, m., tempta-
tion.
Buaireas-ach, aiche, a., trying, pro-
voking.
Buan, buaine, a., lasting, durable.
Buanaich-e; ean, m., a reaper.
Buar, m., cattle.
Buchallach, a., nestling.
Buid-eal, eil; eil, a cask, an anker.
Buidhe, a., yellow, lucky.
Buidheach-as, ais, m., thanks.
Buidh-eann, ne; nean, nichean, f., a
party.
Buil, e; f., use, effect, end.
Buileach (gu buileach), adv., wholly.
Buill-e; ean, mf., a blow, a stroke.
Buin, buntainn, v., deal with, belong
to.
Buinn-e; eachan, f., a rapid current.
Buir-eadh, idh, m., rutting.
Bun, buin ; buin, bunan, m., a root,
mouth of a river.
Burn, buirn, m., water.
Cab-ar, air; air, m., a stake, a rafter,
a deer's antler.
Cabh-ag, aig, f., hurry, haste.
Oabhraioh, e, f., sowans.
Cab-raoh, raiche, a., having antlers.
Caoh, indef. pron., the rest.
Cachaileith; ean, f., a gate.
Cad-al, ail, m., sleep.
Oagailt, e; ean, f., a hearth.
Caib-e; eachan, m., a spade.
OaidiV cadal, v., sleep.
Caid-reaoh, riche, a., kind, social.
Tfag-air, arsaich, v., whisper.
Cail-eag, eig; ean, f., a little girl.
Caileigin, indef. pron., somewhat.
Caill, call, v., iose.
Cain, e, f., a tax, tribute.
Cainb, e, f., hemp.
Oainnt, e; ean, f., language.
Caird-eil, eala, a., friendly.
Cair-idh; idhean, f., a oontrivar
for catching fish.
Caise, m., cheese.
Caist-eal, eil; ealan, m., a castle.
C aite, interrog., where.
Caith, eamh, v., wear.
Caith-ream, rim, fm., a joyful noisi
Cal, cail, m., cabbage, soup (kail).
Gal-adh ; achan, aidhean, m., a hi
bour.
Calg-ach, aiche, a., bristly, awny.
Call, a, m., a loss.
Cam, c aime, a., crooked, one^ared.
UamhaUaluU, f.,HUe UawiK
Camp, a ; an, annan, m., a camp.
Can-ach, aich, mf., cotton grass.
Caoch-ail, ladh, v., change, die.
Caoch-ladh laidh; laidhean, m.,
change.
Caoir, e; ean, f., a fiery shimmer.
Gaol, caoile, a., small, slender, lear,
Caol-an, ain; ain, m., an entrail.
Caol-as, ais; ais, an, m., a strait.
Caomh-ainn, nadh, v., spare, save.
Caor-a, ach; dat. caora; aich, caoi
ich, f., a sheep.
Car, prep., during.
Car, cuir; cuir, m., a turn, a trick.
Car-aich, achadh, achdainn, v., mov
Caraid, e; cairdean, m., a friend.
Carb-ad, aid; adan, m., a chariot.
Cam, cuirn; cuirn, m., a cairn,
sledge.
Cas, cais; casan, m., a difficulty.
Cas, coise ; an, f., a leg, a foot, a hal
Cas-chrom, cois-chruim, f., a primitii
Highland plough.
Cat, cait; cait, m., a cat.
Cath, a ; an, m., a fight, a battle.
Cath-air, rach; raichean, f., a chat
a city.
Cath-chuthach, m., battle-fury.
Cead, m., leave, permission.
Cealg, ceilg, f., deceit, hypocrisy.
Ceanalta, a., agreeable, polite.
Ceang-ail, al, v., bind, tie.
Oeann, cinn ; cinn, m., a head, a
end.
Ceann-ach, aich, m., a reward,
price.
VOCABULARY.
Ceann-aich, ach, v., buy.
Ceannaiche ; ean, m., a merchant.
Geann-ard, aird; ardan, m., a head,
a chief.
Ceannard-ach, aiche, a., imperious,
haughty.
Ceann-cinnidh, m., the head of a clan.
Ceann-feadhna, m., a general, a
leader.
Ceanns-aich, achadh, v., subdue.
Cearc, circ; cearcan, f., a hen.
Cearc-fhraoich, f., a moor-fowl.
Cearc-thomain, f., a partridge.
Ceard, ceird ; ceaird, m., a tinker.
Cearn, a; an, mf., a region.
Cearr, a, ciorra, a., left, wrong.
Ceart, ceirte, a., right, just.
Ceatharn-ach, aich ; aich, m., a hero.
Ceathramh, a., the fourth.
Ceaihrar, a., four persons.
Ceidhe; ceidheachan, m., a pier.
Ceile ; ceileachan, mf ., a spouse, a
mate. Le cheile, together.
Ceilear-adh, idh, m., chirping.
Ceir, eadh, v., wax, seal.
Ceirsle; an, f., a clew of yarn.
Ceithir, a., four.
Ceo, ceotha; ceothan, m., fog.
Ceol, ciuil; ciuil, m., music.
Seudna, pron., the same.
Deum, a; an, annan, m., a step, a
path.
Hha, chan, neg. particle, not.
3haoidh, adv., for ever.
}he:ma, adv., already.
3hionn, conj., because. Cionn, old
dat. of ceann.
Jho, conj., so, as.
Jhoir (a choir), near to.
Ihum, prep., to, for, in order to.
ia, interrog. pron., who, what, which,
liabh-ag, aig ; agan, f ., a lock of hair.
liad, a., a hundred, the first,
liadamh, a., the hundredth,
iall, ceill, mf., reason, sense,
iat-ach, aiche, a., first-rate,
ibeir; ean, m., a shepherd. Ciobair.
ill, e; tean, f., a graveyard,
inn, tinn, eachdainn, v., grow,
inn-eadh, idh, m., a clan, a tribe,
iar, ciaradh, v., darken,
iod, interrog. pron., what,
ionn (os cionn), prep., above,
ionnas, adv., how.
ionta, f., guilt, crime,
ir, eadh, v., comb, tease as wool.
Cir, e; ean, f., a comb.
Cis, e ; ean, f., a tax, a tribute.
Ciuin, e, a., meek, gentle.
Ciurr, adh, v., hurt, damage.
Clach, cloiche ; clachan, f ., a stone.
Clach-theine, f., a flint stone.
Clad-ach, aich ; aichean, m., the shore.
Clag, cluig; cluig, m., a bell.
Claidh-eamh, imh; eamhan, in., a
sword.
Claidheamh-da-laimhe, m., a two-
hand sword.
Claidheamh-mor, m., a claymore.
Claisteachd, m., hearing.
Clann, cloinne ; clanna, f., children,
clan.
Clar, clair; clair, claran, m., a stave,
a tablet, a ship deck.
Claraidh, f., a partition.
Cleachd, amh., v., accustom, practise.
Cleith, cleith, v., conceal.
Cliath, cleithe ; cliathan, f ., a harrow,
a hurdle.
Cliath-ach, aich; aichean, f., the side.
Cliu, cliu, cliutha, m., fame.
Clos, m., rest.
Cluain, e; tean, f., a field.
Cluas, cluaise; cluasan, f., the ear
Cluich, eachd, v., play.
Cluinn, tinn, v., hear, listen.
Cnag, cnaig ; cnagan, f ., a peg, a pm.
Cnaimh, cnamha; cnamhan, m., a
bone.
Cnap, cnaip ; cnaip, a lump.
Cnap, adh, v., thump, knock.
Cnap-ag, aig; agan, f., a shinty ball.
Cneasda, a., humane, kind.
Cno, cnomha ; cnomhan, f., a nut.
Cnu.
Co, interrog. pron., who, which.
Cobhrag-ach, aiche, a., frothy, foamy.
Cog-adh, aidh ; aidhean, m., a war.
Coibhn-eas, eis ; easan, m., kindness.
Coig, a., five.
Coigeamh, a., fifth.
Coignear, f., five persons.
Coigr-each, ich ; ich, m., a stranger.
Coil-each, ich ; ich, m., a cock.
Coileach-dubh, m., a blackcock.
Coileach-tomain, m., a partridge.
Coiile; coilltean, f., a wood.
Coimh-each, iche, a., savage, shy.
Coinean; an, m., a rabbit.
Coinne; coinneamhan, f., a meeting.
Coinn-each, ich, f., moss.
Coinn-eal, le; lean, f., a candle.
VOCABULARY.
Coinn-ich, eachadh, v., meet.
Coir, e, a., honest, right, docile.
Coir, corach; coraichean, f., right.
Coire, e; eachan, a cauldron, a cir-
cular hollow.
Coisinn, cosnadh, v., earn, gain.
Coisridh, e, f., infantry.
Cois (an cois), close to ("at foot").
Coisir-chiuil, f., a choir.
Colgarra, a., wild, fierce.
Colt-ach, aiche, a., like.
Colt-as, ais; asan, m., likeness.
Com, cuim; cuim, m., the body.
Coma, a., indifferent.
Comain, e ; ean, f., an obligation.
Com-ann, ainn ; ainn, m., a company.
Comannd, a, m., command.
Com-as, ais; asan, m., power.
Comas-ach, aiche, a., able.
Comhair (an comhair), adv., headlong.
Comhair, f., presence.
Comhairle; an, f., advice.
Comh-aoise, m., one of equal age.
Comhar-aich, achadh, v., mark.
Comh-daich, dachadh, v., cover.
Comhdhail, m., meeting.
Comh-la, lach ; lachan, f ., a door.
Comhla, adv., together.
Comh-laich, lachadh, v., meet.
Comhnuidh; ean, f., a dwelling.
Comhradh, m., conversation.
Comh-sheirm, e, f., harmony.
Comh-stri, f., struggle.
Compan-ach, aich; aich, m., a com-
panion.
Cor, m., condition.
Corc-ach, aich, f., hemp.
Cord, adh, v., agree.
Cor-eigin (air chor-«igin), indef. pron.,
some.
Corp, cuirp; cuirp, m., a body.
Corr, a, m., excess.
Corr, a ; an, f., a heron.
Coir-ag, aig; agan, f., a finger.
Cos, cois; cosan, a recess.
Cosn-adh, aidh, m., work.
Cost (cosd), v., spend.
Cota: cotaichean, m., a coat.
Coth-rom, ruim ; roman, m., oppor-
tunity.
Oothrom-ach, aiche, a., just, level.
Crabh-adh, aidh, m., piety.
Craidh-teach, tiche, a., painful.
Orann, croinn; croinn, m., a plough,
a mast.
Craobh, craoibhe; craobhan, f., a tree.
Craoidhl-eag, eig; eagan, f., a baske
a small creel.
Craos, craois; craois, m., a ma 1
gluttony.
Creach, creiche, f., spoil.
Creag, creige ; creagan, f., a rock.
Creath-all, lach ; laichean, f., a crad]
Creim, eadh, v., gnaw.
Crein, eachdainn, v., suffer for.
Creutair; ean, m., a creature.
Criath-ar, air ; ran, m., a sieve.
Cridhe ; achan, m., a heart.
Cridh-eil, eala, a., hearty.
Crioch, criche ; criochan, f., end.
Crioch-naich, nachdadh, v., finish.
Crios, a; an, m., a belt.
Crith, e; ean, f., quaking.
Crith, v., tremble.
Cro, crotha; croithean, m., a she<
fold, a needle's eye.
Croc, croio; crocan, f., an antler.
Croch, adh, v., hang.
Crodh, cruidh, m., cow-cattle.
Croic-chabar, m., a branching an tie
Crois-tara, f., the fiery cross.
Crom, adh, v., bend, stoop.
Crom-ag, aig; agan, f., a hook.
Cruach-ann, ainn; ainnean, f.,
haunch.
Crua-dal, dail ; dalan, m., hardn<
hardship.
Cruaidh, e, a., hard, loud.
Cruaidh-ohas, m., hardship.
Cruaidh-lann, f., a steel blade.
Cruinne, m., the globe. Cruinne-<
Cruinn-ich, eachadh, v., gather.
Cruinn-leum, f., a standing jump.
Cruth-aich, achadh, v., create.
Cu, coin; dat. cu; coin, gen. pi. c
a dog.
Cuaille; eaohan, m., a club.
Cuairt, e; ean, f., a circuit, a tou
Cuan, cuain; cuantan, m., the sef
Cuann-mhor, mhoire, a., neat.
Cuannar.
Cuibh-eal, le ; lichean, f., a wheel
Cuid, codach; codaichean, f., port
lodgings.
Cuideachd; an, f., company.
Cuideachd, adv., also.
Cuil, e; cuiltean, f., a nook.
Cuil-eag, eig; eagan, f., a fly.
Cuil-ean ; eanan, m., a doggie
darling.
Cuin, adv. and interrog., when.
Cuir, cur, put, send, sow.
VOCABULARY.
Cuir-eadh, idh ; idhean, m., an invita-
tion.
Cuirm, e; ean, eannan, f., a feast.
Ouirt, e; ean, f., a case, a subject.
Cuis-eag, eig ; eagan, f., a stem or
Cul, cuil, m., the back, back hair.
Cul-ag, aig; agan, f., a back tooth.
Culaibh, m., the back.
Culaidh, e; ean, f., a dress, subject or
object.
Cum, ail, v., hold, keep.
Oum-adh, aidh, f., shape, form.
Oumhaohd; an, m., power.
Cunn-art, airt , artan, m., danger.
Cunnt-as, ais ; asan, m., reckoning.
Cur-am, aim, m., care.
Curr-ac, aic ; aicean, m., a cap.
Cuth-ach, aich, m., madness.
D', contr. for do.
Da, a., two.
Dach-aidh; ean, f., a home.
Dail, dalach ; dailthean, f ., a field.
Dall, doille, a., blind.
Dall, adh, v., to blind.
Dan, dain; dain, m., a song, fate.
Dana, daine, a., bold.
Danns, adh, v., dance.
Daoine, pi. of duine.
Daonnan, adv., always.
Daor, daoire, a., dear, slavish.
Daoiread, f., dearness.
Dara (darna), a., the second.
Da-rireadh, adv., truly.
De, interrog. pron., what.
De (an de) adv., yesterday.
De, prep., of.
Deagh, a., good, excellent.
Deal-aich, achadh, v., part.
Dealbh, a; an, m., a picture.
Dealbh, adh, v., form, plan.
Dean, amh, v., do, make.
Deann, a, f., haste, a pickle as of meal.
Deann-al, ail; alan, m., an onset.
Dearbh (gu dearbh), adv., indeed.
Dearc ; an, f., a berry, a lizard.
Dearg, deirge, a., red.
Deas, deise, a., ready.
Deas-aich, achadh, v., prepare, cook.
Deich, a., ten.
Deicheamh, a., the tenth.
Deichnear, a., ten persons.
Deidh, e, f., desire. An deidh, prep.,
after.
Deidhinn (mu dheidhinn), prep., con-
cerning.
Deir-eadh, idh; idhean, m., the end.
Deireann-ach, aiche, a., last.
Deise; achan, f., a suit of clothes.
Deoch, dibhe; deochan, f., drink.
Deoch, a; annan, f., a drink.
Deoin, e, f., will.
Deoiridh, e; ean, m., a poor person.
Deon-ach, aiche, a., willing.
Deoraidheachd, f., loneliness.
Deud-ach, aich; aichean, m., the
teeth.
Deug, a., ten ("-teen").
Deur, deoir ; deoir, m., a tear, a drop.
Dha (a dha), a., two.
Dia, De; voc. Dhe or Dhia ; diathan,
m., God.
Di-chuimh-nich, neachadh, v., forget.
Dilleachd-an, ain ; ain, m., an orphan.
Dio-bair, bradh, v., forsake.
Dioghalt-as, ais; ais, m., vengeance.
Diol-adh, aidh, m., recompense.
Diollaid, e; ean, f., a saddle.
Diom, prep, pron., of me, off me. For
diot, deth, dith, dinn, dibh, diubh,
see grammar.
Diomhain, e, a., idle, in vain.
Dion, a, m., protection, shelter.
Dion, adh, v., defend, shelter.
Dion-ach, aiche, a., water-tight.
Diorras-ach, aiche, a., obstinate, per-
sistent.
Dir, eadh, v., ascend.
Dir-each, iche, a., straight, just.
Dir-ich, eachadh, v., ascend.
Dit, eadh, v., condemn, rebuke.
Dith, e, f., want, defect.
Dithis, a., two, a pair.
Diu or diugh (an diu, an diugh), adr.,
to-day.
Diuc; an, m., a duke.
Diuid, e ; ean, fm., a sheepish person.
Diult, adh, v., refuse.
Diu or dluth, dluithe, a., near.
Dluth-aich, achadh, v., approach.
Do, prep., to.
Do, poss. pron., thy, thine, your.
Do, v., sign of the past tense.
Docha, a., preferable; compar. of
toigh.
Doch-as, ais; ais, m., hope.
Doigh, e; ean; f., a way, state, trust.
Doil-gheas, gheis; gheasan, m., sor-
row.
Doirbh, e, a., difficult, rough.
Dolaidh, e; ean, f., harm, Joss.
VOCABULARY.
Domh, prep, pron., to me. Dhomh.
For duit, da, di, duinn, duibh,
doibh, see grammar.
Domlil-aich, achadh, v;, crowd.
Doria, a., evil, bad.
Dorcha, duirche, a., dark.
Dorn, duirn; duirn, m., a fist, a blow
with the fist.
Dorsair ; ean, m., a doorkeeper.
Dos, dois; dosan, m., a tuft.
Dos-rach, raiche, a., bushy, luxuriant.
Dragh, a, m., trouble, annoyance.
Dram, a; annan, fm., a dram.
Drasta (an drasta) adv., now.
Dreach, adh, v., shape, adorn.
Dreach-mhor, mhoire, a., handsome.
Dris, e ; ean, f., a thorn, a thicket.
Druchd, a; an, m., dew.
Druid, eadh, v., close, shut.
Druid, e; ean, f., a starling.
Druim, droma ; domannan, m., a
back, a ridge, the keel.
Dubb, duibhe, a., black, dark.
Dubh-ach, aiche, a., sad, sorrowful.
Dubh-ar, air, m., a shade.
Dubhar-ach, aiche, a., shaded, dusky.
Dubh-lan, ain, m., defiance.
Duibh-leum, f., a furious leap.
Duil. e; ean, f., expectation, an ele-
ment.
Duil-ich, ghe, or dorra, a., difficult,
sad.
Duille; ean, f., a sheath, a leaf.
Duin, dunadh, v., shut,* close.
Duine; daoine, m., a man.
Duineach-an, ain, m., a little man.
Duin'-uasal, m., a gentleman.
Duisg, dusgadh, v., awaken, rouse.
Dumh-ail, la, a., bulky.
Dun, duin ; duin, m., a heap, a hill,
a fort.
Durachd-ach, aiche, a., earnest.
Duth, or du, a, or ath, a., hereditary,
natural.
Duth-aich, cha; chan, channan, f., a
country, a district.
E
E, pron., he, him, or it
Each, eich; eich, m., a horse.
Eachdraidh, e; ean, f., a history.
Eadar, prep., between.
Eadarainn, eadaraibh, eatorra, prep.
pron., between us, you, them.
Eag, eig; an, f., a nick, a notch.
Eag-al, ail, m., fear, fright.
Eala; chan, f., a swan.
Ealanta, a., skilful, deft.
Ealta; ealtan, f., a covey of birds.
Earal-as, ais, m., caution.
Earar (an earar), adv., the day aftet
to-morrow.
Eararais (an eararais), adv., the
second day after to-morrow.
Earb, sadh, v., trust, confide.
Earb, a; an, aichean, f., a roe.
Earball, earbuill; earbuill, m., a tail.
Earr-ach, aich, m., the spring.
Easgaidh, e, a., ready, willing.
Eibhinn, e, a., joyful, happy.
Eid-eadh, idh; idhean, m., clothing,
armour.
Eigin, indef. pron., some.
Eiginn, e, f., necessity.
Eile, indef. pron., other, another.
Eilein ; ean, m., an island.
Eil-id, de; dean, f., a hind.
Eireachd-ail, ala, a., elegant.
Eirich, eirigh, v., rise.
Eisd, eachd, v., hear, listen.
Eol-ach, aiche, a, acquainted, skilful.
Eol-as, ais; ais, m., knowledge, a
charm.
Euchd, a; an, m., an exploit, a feat.
Eudail; ean, f., a darling, a treasure.
Eug, eig, m., death.
Fa, prep., under, below.
Fad, m., length, during.
Fada, faide, a., long, tedious.
Fad-adh, aidh, m., kindling.
Fa-dheoidh, adv., at last, ultimately.
Faghaid, e ; ean, f ., a hunting party.
Fagus, a., near.
Faic, inn, v., see, behold.
Faich-eil, eala, a., stately, trim.
Faicill, e, f., care, caution.
Faigh, inn, eil, v., get, obtain.
Faigh-nich, neachd, v., ask, inquire.
Fail, e; ean, f., a pigsty.
Fail-eadh, idh; idhean, m., a smell,
perfume.
Fail-nich, neachadh, v., fail.
Failt, or failte, f., a salutation.
Failt-ich, 'eachadh, v., salute, wel-
come.
Fainne; achan, mf., a ring.
Fair, eadh, v., watch.
Fairge; achan, f., the sea, sea- waves.
Fair-ich, eachdainn, v., feel, observe.
Faisg, fasgadh, v., wring, squeeze.
VOCABULARY.
Faisg, e, a., near.
Fal-aich, ach, v., hide, conceal.
Falamh, failmhe, a., empty.
Falbh, v., go.
Fallain, e, a., healthy, sound.
Fallaineachd, f., healthiness.
Fall-;;s, ais, m., perspiration.
Fait, fuilt; fuilt, m., human hair.
Fan, tainn, ailt, v., stay, wait.
Fa-near, adv., under consideration.
Fann, a, a., faint, weak, feeble.
FaoUi, faoibh, m., spoil, booty.
Faol h-ar, air; aran, m., an edge.
Faod, v., may, can.
Faoghaid. See faghaid.
Faoiite, f., a joyful salutation.
Faoin, e, a., vain, foolish, silly.
Faoineachd, f., vanity, folly.
Faoineis, f., trifling conduct, vain
things.
Far, adv., where.
Farasda, asa, a., easy, gentle.
Farcluais, or farchluais, e, f., secret
listening, eavesdropping.
Far-am, uim, m., noise.
Farvm-aoh, aiche, a., noisy.
Fas, fais, m., growth, growing.
Fas. a, a., empty, desert, void.
Fas-ach, aich; aichean, mf., a desert,
a wilderness.
Fasg-ach, aiche, a., sheltered.
Fath, m., cause, reason, opportunity.
Fathast or fhathast, adv., yet, still.
Feachd ; feachdan, m., an army, a
regiment.
Fead ; an, f., a whistle.
Fead-an, ain ; ain, m., a pipe.
Feadh, adv., whilst, during, among.
Feadh-ainn, nach, na, f., people, a
tribe.
Feala-dha, f., a joke, fun.
Feann, adh, v., skin, flay.
Feann-ag, aig; agan, f., a crow, a
lazy-bed.
Fear, fir; fir,' feara, m., a man, an
individual person or thing.
Fear-ail, fearala, a., manly.
Fear-aitribh, m., a husbandman.
Fear-ann, ainn, m., land, country.
Fearas-chuideachd, f., diversion, sport.
Fear-bogha, m., an archer.
Feart, feirt, f., attention, heed.
Feart, a; an, m., virtue, power.
Feasd (am feasd), adv., for ever, never.
Feasg-ar, air; air, m., evening.
Feile or feil-eadh, idh ; eachan, m.,
the kilt.
Feile-beag, m., the modern kilt.
Feill, e; tean, f., a festival, a market.
Fein, or fhein, pron., self, own.
Feith, eamh, v., wait, stay.
Feoil, feola, f., butcher-meat, flesh.
Feor-aich, aich, v., inquire, ask.
Feuch! interj., see! behold!
Feuch, feuchainn, v., show, try.
Feum, v., must.
Feum-ail, ala, a., useful, necessary.
Feur, feoir; feoir, m., grass.
Fiac-ail, la; Ian, f., a tooth.
Fiach, feich ; fiachan, m., value,
worth, debt.
Fiadh, feidh; feidh, m., a stag.
Fiadh-aich, aiche, a., wild, stormy.
Fialachd, f., generosity.
Fial-aidh,aidhe, a., generous.
Fichead, a., twenty.
Ficheadamh, a., the twentieth.
Fidh-eal, le; lean, f., a fiddle, a violin.
Fill, eadh, v., fold, plait.
Fiodhrach-tarsainn, m., the timbers
of a boat.
Fionn, v., see feann.
Fior, fire, a., true, genuine ; adv.,
truly.
Fioruisg, e ; eachan, m., spring water.
Fios, a, m., notice, knowledge, mes-
sage.
Fios-raich, rachadh, v., inquire, learn.
Fire-faire! interj., ay, ay! what,
what!
Fireann, a., male.
Firinn, e; ean, f., truth.
Firinn-each, iche, a., just, truthful.
Flaithean-as, ais, m., heaven.
Flath, flaith; flaithean, in., a chief,
a hero.
Flath-ail, ala, a., stately, noble.
Flathas^ach, aiche, a., majestio
princely.
Fleadhach-as, ais, m., banqueting.
Fleasg-ach, aich; aichean. a youth, a
bridesman.
Fluich, fluiche, a., wet, moist.
Flur, fluir., m., flour, a flower.
Fo, prep., under, beneath, below.
Fochaid, e, f., mocking.
Fod or foid; foidean, m., a turf, a
peat.
Fodham, prep, pron., under me. For
fothad, fodha, foidhpe, fothainn,
fothaibh, fodhpa, see grammar.
Fogh-ainn, nadh, v., suffice.
Fogh-ar, air; aran, m., harvest.
Foghar-adh, aidh ; aidhean.
10
VOCABULARY.
Fogh-lum,- luim, m., learning.
Foighnich. See faighnich.
Fois, e, f., rest, quietness.
Fois, v., rest.
Fonn, fuinn; fuinn, m., land.
humour, a melody.
Fort-an, ain ; ain, m., fortune, luck.
Fos, adv., yet, also.
Fos-adh, aidh, m., respite, surcease.
Fosg-ail, ladh, v., open, unravel.
Fotham. See fodham.
Fraoch, fraoich, m., heather, rage.
Fraoch-bheinn, f., heather-hill.
Fras, frois; frasan, f., a shower,
small shot, seed.
Freag-air, radh, airt, v., answer, fit.
Freag-rach or freagar-ach, aiche, a.,
answering, suitable.
Freas-dail, dal, v., attend, wait on.
Freasdal, m., Providence.
Frith, e; ean, f., a forest.
Frith-eil, ealadh, v., attend, wait on.
Fuachd, m., cold, coldness.
Fuad-aich, achadh, v., expel, banish.
Fuaigh-eal, m., sewing, uniting.
Fuaim, e: ean, f., voice, sound.
Fuar, fuaire, a., cold, chilly.
Fuaraidh, e, a., chilly.
Fuar-an, ain; ain, anan, m., a well,
a fountain.
Fuil, fala or fola, f., blood.
Fuil-each, iche, a., bloody.
Fuine, or fuineadh, f., baking.
Fuirbidh, e; ean, m., a stalwart.
Fuir-ich, each, eachd, v., stay, wait.
Furachail, or furachair, e, a., watch-
ful.
Fur-an, ain, m., welcome.
Furan-ach, aiche, a., saluting kindly.
Furasda, usa, a., easy.
G
Gab, gaib ; gaib, m., a tattling mouth.
Gabh, ail, v., take, accept, proceed.
Gabh air, beat, undertake.
Gach, indef. pron., each, every.
Gad, goid; goid, m., a withe, a
twisted rod.
Gadh-ar, air, m., a hound.
Gaidhlig, f., the Gaelic language.
Gaidseir; ean, m., an exciseman.
Gaire, f., a laugh.
Gairm, gairm, v., call, invite, crow
Gaisge, f., bravery.
Gaisg-eacfi, ich; ich, m., a hero.
Galldachd, f., the Scottish Lowlands.
Gann, gainne, or goinne, a., scarce.
Gaoid, e; ean, f., a blemish.
Gaol, gaoil, m., love, a lover.
Gaoth, gaoith; gaothan, f., wind.
Garaidh, e ; ean, f., a den or lair.
Garbh, gairbhe, a., rough, harsh
Garbh-chriocban, rough-bounds
Garbh-lach, laich; laichean, mf.. I
rough or stony place.
Garthaich, f., shouting, noise.
Geal, gile, a., white pure.
Gealbh-an, ain ; ain, a., a little fire.
Geall, adh, tainn, v., promise.
Geamh-radh, raidh; raidhneau, m.,
winter.
Gean, a, m., good humour, favour.
Gear-an, ain ; ain, anan, m., com-
plaint, moan.
Gearr, adh, v., cut, bite.
Gearr, giorra, giorraid, a., short.
Geata; chan, m., a gate.
Geathadaich, f., hopping, jogging.
Geill, e, f., yielding, submission.
Geimh-leag, leig; leagan, f., a lever.
Geir, e, f., tallow.
Geoic, e ; ean, f., a wry neck.
Geola; ohan, f., a yawl, a boat.
Geug, or geag, geig; geugan, f., 8
branch, a sun-ray.
Geur, geire, geiread, a., sharp, sour.
Gidheadh, conj., but, nevertheless.
Gille; an, m., a lad, a male servant.
Gin, eamhainn, tinn, v., beget.
Gin, indef. pron., any one, somebodj.
Giomanachd, f., hunting.
Giul-ain, an, v., carry, bear.
Giuth-as, ais, m., fir, pine.
Glac, adh, ail, v., catch, seize.
Glaic, e; glacan, f., a valley, the
palm, a hollow.
Glag gaire, m., a guffaw.
Glan, glaine, a., clean.
Glaodh, aich, v., cry, shout.
Glas, glaise, a., gray, pale, wan.
Glas-lann, f., a sword.
Gle, adv., very, rather.
Gleachd, m., a fight, wrestling.
Gleadhraich, f., noise.
Gleann, glinne; glinn, m., a glen.
Gleus, adh, v., trim, adjust, tune.
Glic, e, glioca, a., wise, prudent.
Gloc, gloic, m., a loud cry, cackling.
Gloine, or glaine, f., cleanness.
Gloir, e, f., glory, praise, boasting.
Glor-mhor, mhoire, a., glorious.
Gluais, gluasad, v., move.
VOCABULARY.
11
Gnath, m., and adv., custom, always.
Gnath-aich, achadh, v., practise, use.
Gniomh, a; an, aran, m., an action.
Gnoth-ach, aich ; aichean, m., a
business, an errand.
Gnuis, e ; ean, f ., the face, counten-
ance.
Go, m., deceit.
Gobhainn, or gobha, gobhainn ;
goibhnean, m., a blacksmith.
Gobhar, gaibhre; gobhair, f., a goat.
Gobh-lan, lain; lain, m., a bifurca-
tion, a jaw.
Goimh, e, f., spite, hatred.
Goir, or gair, sinn, v., cry, crow.
Goir-eas, is ; easan, m., a conveni-
ence.
Goirid, giorra, a., short.
Goirt, e, a., sore, painful, sour, salt.
Gor-ach, aiche, a., foolish, silly.
Gor-ag, aig; agan, f., a foolish
woman.
Goraiche, f., folly.
Gorm, guirme, a., blue, green.
Gort, or gorta, f., famine, want.
Grad, graide, a., quick, hasty.
Gradh, graidh, m., love, a lover, a
dear.
Gram-ail, ala, a., vigorous, firm.
Greadhnach-as, ais, m., festivity,
pomp.
Greas, adh, ad, achd, v., drive,
hasten.
Greas-aiche ; aichean, m., a shoe-
maker, a frog-fish.
Greigh, e ; ean, f., a flock, a herd, a
stud of horses.
Greim, e; eannan, m., a hold, a bite,
a gripe.
Greim-ich, achadh, v., seize, grip.
Greis, e; ean, m., a space of time, a
fit of coughing.
Grian, greine, f., the sun.
Grian-ach, aiche, a., sunny, bright.
Grinn, e, a., fine, beautiful, kind.
Grios, adh, v., beseech, entreat.
Grios-ach, aich ; aichean, f., a glow-
ing fire.
Gruaidh, e; ean, f., the cheek, coun-
tenance.
Gu, prep., to; sign of adv., gu nor,
truly.
Gu de, interrog., what.
Guala, or gualainn, guailne ; guaillean,
a shoulder, a ship's bow.
Guam-ach, aiche, a., comfortable.
Guidh, e, v., pray, entreat.
Guin-each, iche, a., 6harp, keen.
Gum, or gun, conj., that, in order
that.
Gun, prep., without.
Gunna ; chan, m., a gun.
I Gunna-caol, m., a rifle.
Gunna-mor, m., a big gun, a cannon.
Guir, or gur, v., hatch.
Gur, conj., that
Gus an, prep., with, art., or re!., to,
till. Ach gus.
Guth, a; an, athannan, m., a voice,
a word.
I, pers. pron., f., she, her, it.
lad, pers. pron., they.
Iadh, adh, v., encompass, beset.
Iar, f., the west.
Iar-ann, ainn; ainn, m., iron, a flat-
iron.
Iarla; an, achan, m., an earl.
Iarnaidh, e, a., of an iron colour,
dusky.
Iarr, aidh, v., ask, seek, search.
Iasg, eisg; iasga, m., fish.
Iasg-ach, aich, m., fishing.
Idir, adv., at all.
Ille. See gille.
Im, e, m., butter.
Imeachd, f., walking, going.
Im-ich, eachd, v., go, walk.
Imir, or iomair, v., need, behove.
Impis, def. v., about to.
Inbhir, e; ean, f., confluence of
waters, mouth of a river.
Inn-eal, eil; ealan, il, m., an instru-
ment.
Inn-is, se; sean, seachan, f., an
island, a valley, resting-place for
cattle; pi. the Indies.
Inn-is, seadh, v., tell.
Innleachd-ach, aiche, a., ingenious.
Inntinn, e ; ean, f., the mind.
Iochd, f., mercy, clemency.
Iogh-nadh, naidh ; naidhean, m.,
wonder.
Iol-ach, aich ; aichean, m., a shout,
rejoicing.
Iollag-ach, aiche, a., jaunty.
Iomagain, e; ean, f., anxiety.
Iomair, e, ean, m., a ridge of land.
Iomair, iomradh, iomram, v., row,
move, operate.
Iomairt, e; ean, f., stirring, gaming.
Iompaidh, e; ean, f., persuasion.
12
VOCABULARY.
Iom-radh, raidh; raidhean, m., a re-
port, mention, rowing.
lonad, aid; an, m., place.
Ionnsaidh, or ionnsaigh, e; ean, f.,
an attempt, attack, proximity; a
dh' ionnsaidh, to.
losal, isle, a., low, humble.
Is, conj., and.
Is, pres. ind. of v., is, it is.
Ite; an, f., a feather, a fin.
Ith, e, eadh, v., eat.
Iurpais, f., fidgetting, frisking.^
La or latha; laithean, m., a day.
La-ar-na-mhaireach, m., the morrow.
Labh-air, airt, v., speak, utter.
Lachd-ann, ainne, a., dun, swarthy.
Lag, laige, a., weak, feeble, faint.
Lagh, lagha ; laghannan, m., law,
order.
Laidir, e, treasa or treise, a., strong.
Laigh, laighe, v., lie, subside.
Laigse; laigsean, f., weakness.
Laitheil, a., daily.
Lamh, laimh ; lamhan, f., a hand, a
handle.
Lan, lain, m., f., the fill, fulness, full-
tide.
Langanaich, f., bellowing.
Lann, loinn, lainn ; lannan, f ., a
blade, a sword, a scale.
Laocli, laoich; laoich, m., a hero.
Laogh, laoigh ; laoigh, m., a calf of a
deer or cow, a term of affection for
a child.
Laoidh, laoidhe ; laoidhean, f., a
hymn.
Lar, lair, m., the ground, the floor.
Las, lasadh, v., kindle, light.
Las-aich, achadh, v., slacken, loose.
Las-air, rach ; raichean, f ., a flame.
Lathair, lathaire, f., presence.
Le, prep., with, by means of.
Leaba or leabaidh, leapa, leapach ;
lea]>aichean, f., a bed.
Leabh-ar, air; raichean, m., a book.
Leac-ann, ainn, ainnean, f., the side
of a hill.
Leag, leagadh, leagail, v., lay or cast
down.
Leagh, leaghadh, v., melt.
Leam, prep, pron., with me, my pro-
perty. For loat, leis, leatha, leinn,
leibh, leotha, see grammar.
Lean, leana, m., a meadow, a lawn.
Lean, leantainn, leamhainn, leanailt,
v., follow.
Leanabh, leinibh; leanaban, m., a
• child.
Leann, see lionn.
Leas, leois; leois, m., a ray, a torch,
a speck on the eye. Leus.
Leathan or leathann, leithne, leatha,
a., broad.
Leath-ar, air, or leath-rach, raich, m.,
leather.
Leibid-each, iche, a., contemptible,
insignificant.
Leig, leigeadh, leigeil, v., let, allow,
milk.
Leigh-eas, is; easan, m., a cure.
Leigh-is, eas, v., cure, heal, remedy.
Leine ; leintean, f ., a shirt, a jacket.
Leir, m., sight, perception. Gu leir,
adv., wholly.
Leirsinn, f., vision, sight.
Linn, linne; linntean, f., an age, a
time.
Lion. Cia lion, interrog., how many.
Lion, lin, m., lint, flax, a net.
Lion, lionadh, v., fill, satiate, tide-
flow.
Lion-mhor, mhoire, a., numerous.
Lionn, or leann, leanna, m., ale, beer.
Lit-ir, reach; richean, f., a letter.
Liutha, or liuthad, collective numeral,
so many.
Loch, locha; lochan, m., a lake, a loch.
Loisg, losgadh, v., burn, fire.
Lom, luime, a., bare, naked.
Lon, loin, m., food, a marsh.
Long, luinge; longan, luingis, f., a
ship.
Long-smuide, f., a steamship.
Lorg, luirg; luirg, f., a footprint, a
crutch.
Luach-air, rach, f., rushes.
Luaidh, luadh, v., praise, mention.
Luaidh,' luaidhe; luaidhean, mf., a
beloved person.
Luath, luaithe, a., swift.
Luath-aich, achadh, v., hasten.
Lub, luib; luban, f., a bend, a loop.
Luch, lucha; luchan, luchaidh, fm.,
a mouse.
Luchd; an, m., a cargo, a load.
Luchd-, pfx., plural of ' fear.'
Luib, luibe, f., a fold.
Lunn, luinn, lunna; lunnan, m., the
shaft of an oar, an unbroken wave.
Lus, luis; lusan, m., a flower, a herb.
Luths, luiths, m., vigour, strength.
VOCABULARY.
15
M
Ma, conj., if.
Mac, mic; mic, m., a son.
Mach, adv., out, without.
Macraidh, pi., youths.
Mac-talla, m., an echo.
Madainn, maidne; maidnean, f.,
morning.
Mag, magadh, v., mock, deride.
Maide ; maidean, m., a stick.
Maigh-dean, dinn; deannan, f., a
maiden.
Maigh-each, ich; ichean, f., a hare.
Maigh-stir, stire; stirean, m., a
master.
Mail-eid, eide; eidean, f., a wallet.
Maille, f., delay, hindrance.
Maille ri, prep., with, along with.
Maill-ead, id, f., slowness.
Mair, maireachdainn, mairsinn, v.,
last, live.
Maireach, adv., to-morrow.
Maireann, a.', lasting, alive. Mair-
eannach.
Maith, mathadh, v., forgive, pardon.
Mai, mail ; mail, m., rent, tax, duty.
Mall, maille, a., slow.
Mall-achd; achdan, m., a curse.
Maithean-as, ais, m., forgiveness.
Maith. See math.
Mam, maim, m., a round hill.
Man-ran, rain; ranan, m., a hum-
ming song, crooning.
Maoin, maoine; maoinean, f., goods.
Maois-each, ich; ichean, f., a roe, a
doe. Maoisleach.
Maol, maoile, a., bald, bare.
Maor, maoir ; maoir, m., an officer.
Mar, conj., as, like as.
Marbh, mairbhe, a., dead, torpid.
Marbh, marbhadh, v., kill, slay.
Marc-ach, aiche, m., a rider.
Marg-adh, aidh; aidhean, m., a
market.
Mart, mairt; mairt, f., a cow.
Ma-ta, adv., if so, then.
Math, fearr, a., good, just.
Math-air, ar; raichean, f., a mother.
Meadh-on, oin; onan, m., the middle,
a means.
Meal, mealtainn, v., enjoy, possess.
Meall, mill ; mill, m., a lump, a hill.
Mean-«.n, ain; ain, m., a yawn.
Meann, minn; minn, m., a kid, a
young roe.
Mear, mire, a., merry, wanton.
Mearachd-ach, aiche, a., faulty, in-
correct.
Mears, adh, v., march.
Meas, a; an, m., fruit, respect, esti-
mate.
Meas-an, ain; ain, m., a lapdog.
Measg, adh, v., mix, -mingle.
Meur, meoir; meoir, f., a finger, a
knot in wood.
Mhain, or a mhain, adv., only.
Mi, pers. pron., I, me.
Miadh, m., esteem, honour.
Mial-chu, choin; choin, m., a grey-
hound.
Miann, a; an, m., desire, wish.
Mil, meala, f., honey.
Mile; miltean, mf., a thousand, a mile.
Mill, eadh, v., spoil, injure.
Min, e., f., meal.
Minig, or gu minig, adv., often.
Miod-al, ail; ail, m., flattery.
Mion, a, a., minute.
Mion-ach, aich; aichean, m., entrails.
Mionaid-each, iche, a., minute.
Miorbhail, e; ean, mf., a miracle.
Miorbhail-teach, tiche, a., wonderful.
Mio-run, ruin, m., spite, ill-will.
Miosa, a., compar. of olc.
Mir, e; ean, eannan, m., a piece.
Mire, f., play, sport.
Mis-neach, nich, f., courage.
Misneach-ail, ala, a., courageous.
Mo, poss. pron., my or mine.
Moch, muiche, a., a., early, betimes.
Moch-thra, m., early morning.
Mod, moid ; moid, m., a court, a
meeting.
Modh, a; an, annan, m., manners, a
mode.
Moit, e, f., sauciness, reluctance.
Mol, adh, v., praise, extol.
Mol-ach, aiche, a., hairy, shaggy.
Mol-adh, aidh, m., praise, applause.
Mon-adh, aidh; aidhean, m., a hill, a
mountain.
Mor, mo, or motha, a., great, large.
Morair, e; ean, m., a lord.
Moth-aich, achadh, v., observe.
Mu, prep., about.
Muc, muice ; mucan, f ., a sow, a large
hayrick.
Muig, e; ean, f., gloom.
Muigh, or a muigh, adv., out, without.
Muillion, m., a million.
Muime; achan, f., a stepmother, a
14
VOCABULARY.
Muin, f., the back, the top.
Muin-eal, eil ; ealan, eil, m., the neck.
Muinnt-ir, ire, reach, f. pi., servants,
people.
Muir, mara ; marannan, fm., the sea.
Muirn, e, f., pomp, pride.
Mul-ad, aid ; an, m., sadness, sorrow.
Mulad-ach, aiche, a., sad, distressing.
Mull-ach, aich; aichean, m., the top.
Mu'm, or mu 'n, conj., before, ere.
Mur, conj., if not.
Mur, muir; muir, m., a wall, a bul-
wark.
Murr-ach, aiche, a., able, fit.
Mus. See mu 'm.
N
Na, gen. sing, i., and nom. and dat. pi.
of the art., the.
Na, rel. pron., that which, what.
Na, neg. particle, do not.
Na, conj., than.
Nach, rel. pron., who not, that not.
Nach, interrog. particle, is not?
Nach, conj., that not.
Nad-ur, uir; uir, uran, m., nature.
Nadurra, or nadurrach, or nadurail,
a., natural.
Naidheachd ; an, f., news, a tale.
Naile, interj., yea, verily.
Naire, f., shame, modesty.
Nail, or a nail, adv., over from.
Na 'm, or na'n, conj., if.
Namhaid ; naimhdean, m., an enemy.
Naoi. num. adj., nine.
Naoidheamh, the ninth.
Naoinear, pi. f., nine persons.
Naomh, naoimhe, a., holy.
Naomh-aich, achadh, v., sanctify.
•Ng, an emph. particle after n., pron.,
or a.
Neach, pron., a person, any person.
Nead, nid; nid, m., a nest.
Neamh, neimh; an, m., heaven.
Neart, in., strength.
Neo, adv., otherwise.
Neo-ar-thaing, a., independent.
Neo-dhuine; dhaoine, m., a ninny.
Neon-ach, aiche, a., curious, droll.
Neul, neoil; neoil, m., a cloud, a
trance, hue.
Ni, m., cattle, goods.
Ni ; nithean, m., a thing.
Nigh-ean, inn ; eanan, f ., a daughter,
a damsel.
Nios, adv., up from.
Nis, or a nis, adv., now.
No, conj., or, nor.
Nochd, a., bare, naked.
Nochd, or an nochd, adv., to-night
Nollaig, e; ean, f., Christmas.
Nuas, adv., down from.
Null, adv., over to, thither.
0, prep., from, since, contr. of bho.
Obair, oibre ; oibrichean, f ., work.
Ochanaich, f., sighing, sobbing.
Ochd, num. adj., eight.
Ochdamh, a., the eighth.
Ochdnar, a., pi., eight persons.
Og, oige, a., young, fresh.
Ogl-ach, aich; aich, m., a youth, i
servant.
Oidh-che ; cheachan, f ., a night.
Oidh-re; reachan, m., an heir.
Oige, f., a youth.
Oigh, e ; ean, f., a virgin.
Oighre. See oidhre.
Oigridh, pi. f., youths, young folks.
Oir, conj., for, bemuse.
Ois-inn, ne; nean, f., a corner.
01, ol, v., drink.
01, oil, m., drinking.
Ola, f., oil, ointment.
01c, miosa, a., bad, evil.
01c, uilc; uilc, m., evil, mischief.
Or, oir, m., gold.
Or-an, ain ; ain, m., a song.
Ord, uird; uird, m., a hammer, i
round steep hill.
Ord-agh, aigh ; aighean, m., an order
a rite.
Orm, prep, pron., upon me. For ort
air, oirre, oirnn, oirbh, orra, se«
grammar.
Os-ag, aig ; agan, f ., a blast, a zephyr
Os-ann, or os-na; naidhean, f., a sigh
Osgarra, or osgarr-ach, aiche, a., bold
intrepid.
Othail, f., flurry, glee.
Paidh, eadh, v., pay, remunerate.
Paidh-ir, reach; rich ean, f., a pair.
Pailt, or pailte, a., plentiful.
Pailt-eas, is, m., plenty, abundance.
Pairc, e ; ean, f., a park.
Paisd, e ; ean, f ., a child.
Parant; an, a parent.
Peac-ach, aiche, a., sinful.
Peac-adh, aidh; annan, m., sin, fault
VOCABULARY.
15
Peao-aich, achadh, v., sin, transgress.
Peann, pinn; pinn, m., a pen.
Peigh-inn, inne; innean, f., a penny.
Peil-eir; eirean, m., a bullet, a pellet.
Piob, a ; an, f., a pipe, a bagpipe.
Piob-aire; airean, m., a piper.
Pios, a ; an, m., a piece, a silver cup.
Piuthar, peathar; peathraichean, f.,
a sister.
Plang, plaing; plaing, m., a plack.
Plaosg, plaoisg; plaoisg, m., a sbell,
a husk.
Plath-adb, aidh ; aidbnean, m., a
flash, a glimpse, a swoon.
Pluic, e; ean, f., the cheek.
Pog, poig; pogan, f., a kiss.
Port, puirt; puirt, m., a port, a tune.
Pos, adh, v., marry, unite.
Pos-adh, aidh; aidhnean, m., a mar-
riage.
Post, puist; puist, postachan, m., a
post, a leaden slug.
Priob-adh, aidh, m., a wink, a twink-
ling.
Prionns, or prionns-a ; achan, m., a
prince.
Priosan-ach, aich ; aich , m., a
prisoner.
Pris, e ; ean, f., price, value.
Pris-eil, eala, a; precious, pleasant.
Purnid, puinnd; puinnd, m., a pound.
R
Each, dol, v., go.
Radh, m., a saying, speech.
Rain-each, ich, m., brackens, ferns.
Ramh, raimh; raimh, m., an oar.
Ran, rain ; rain, m., a roar.
RaiKiich, f., roaring.
Rannachd, f., singing, poetising.
Ranns-aich, achadh, v., search.
Raoii-, or an raoir, adv., last night.
Raon, raoin; raointean, m., a plain.
Rath-ad, aid; aidean, m., a road, a
Re, mf., space, time, the moon.
Re, prep., during.
Reamh-ar, ra, a., fat, plump.
Reic, e, m., a sale, selling.
Reidh, e, a., plain, smooth, level,
ready.
Reir, or a reir, prep., according to.
Reisimeid, e; ean, f., a regiment.
Reit, or reite, f., concord, peace.
Reoth-adh, aidh, m., frost.
Reub, adh, v., tear, gore.
Reul, reil; reultan, f., a star.
Ri, prep., to, at, near.
Riamh, adv., never, ever, alwajs.
Rian; riain, rianan, m., order, method
Rib, see riob.
Righ; righrean, m., a king.
Riob, a; achan, m., a hair, a blade, a
rag, a snare.
Rioghachd; an, f., a kingdom, sway.
Riogh-aich, achadh, v., rule, reign.
Riogh-ail, ala, a., royal.
Riomh-ach, aiche, a., beautiful, ele-
gant.
Ris, or rithist. adv., again.
Rium, prep, pron., to me. For riut,
ris, rithe, ruinn, ribh, riu, see gram-
mar.
Ro-, an intensive prefix before adjec-
tives and abstract nouns.
Rogha, aidh, m., the best, the choicest.
Roimh,, prep., before.
Roimhe, adv., before, previously.
Roinn, e ; ean, f., a share, a portion,
a headland, a point, a sharp edge.
Roinn, roinn, v., divide, share.
Romham, prep, pron., before me.
For romhad, roimhe, roimpe, romh-
ainn, roimhibh, romhpa, see gram-
mar.
Ronn-ach, aiche, a., slavery, untidy.
Ruadh, ruaidhe, a., red, reddish.
Ruaig, e; ean, f., pursuit, flight,
defeat.
Rud, rud ; rudan, m., a thing.
Rudha, m., a blush, a promontory.
Ruig, ruigsinn, ruigheachd, v., reach.
Ruisgte, a., naked, bare.
Ruith, ruith, v., run, flow.
Run, ruin; ruintean, m., a secret, a
wish, love.
s
-Sa, -se, -san, an emphatic particl©
added to pron., u., and adj.
Sa'. See san.
Sabh-ail, aladh, v save.
Sabn-al, ail; saibhlean, m., a barn.
Saighd-eir; ean, m., a soldier.
Saighdear.
Saighdeireachd, f., soldiering.
Saigh-ead, de ; dean, f., an arrow.
Sail, saile, salach ; sailthean, f. t a
beam.
Sail, salach ; sailtean, f., a heel.
Sal-aich, achadh, v., soil, pollute.
Sam bith, indef. pron., any. Air bitk.
16
VOCABULARY.
Samh-ach, aiche, a., quiet, calm.
Samb-ain, na, f., Hallowmas.
Samh-laich, lachadh,v., compare.
Samh-radh, raidh; raidhean, m.,
summer.
San, contr. of anns an, prep, and art.,
in the.
Saog'a-al, ail; ail, alan, m., the world,
an age, lifetime.
Saoghalta, a., worldly, penurious.
Saoith-rich, reachadh, v., labour, toil.
Saoil, sinn, v., think.
Saor, saoire, a», cheap, free, frank.
Saor, saoir; saoir, m., a carpenter.
SaoLhair, saoithreach, f., labour.
Sar, sair; sair, m., a hero.
Sar, a., excellent, chief.
Sath, saith, f., plenty, satiety.
Sath, adh, v., thrust, transfix.
Se, or sea, num. adj. six.
Seac, adh, v., dry, wither.
Seach, prep., past. Conj., rather
than.
Seachad, or seach, adv., past, aside.
Seach-ainn, nadh, v., avoid, dispense
with.
Seachd, num. adj., seven.
Seachdamh, adj., seventh.
Seachdnar, adj. f., seven persons.
Seadh, adv., yea, indeed.
Sealbh, seilbhe, m., good fortune,
Sealbh-aich, achadh, v., possess.
Sealg, sealg, v., hunt, to lie in wait.
Sealg-ach, aich, f., hunting.
Seall, tainn, v., see, look, behold.
Seall-adh, aidh; aidhean, m., sight,
view.
Seamh, or seimh, seimhe, a., mild,
gentle.
Sean, or seann, sine, a., aged, old.
Seanach-as, ais; ais, asan, m., con-
versation.
Seanar, adj., six persons.
Seann. See sean.
Searbh, seirbhe, a., bitter, sour.
Searg, adh, v., fade, wither.
Seas, amh, v., stand, endure.
Seasg-air, aire, a., sheltered, snug.
Seathamh, adj., the sixth.
Seid, eadh, v., blow, puff.
Seil-each, ich; ichean, m., willow.
Seimh. See seamh.
Seinn, e, f., singing.
Seirbhis, e; ean, f., service.
Seirbhis-each, ich; ich, m., a servant.
Seod, seoid ; seoid, a hero.
Seol, seoil, m., a mode or way.
Seol, siuil ; siuil, m., a sail.
Seol, adh, v., guide, direct.
Seolad-air; airean, a sailor.
Seom-ar, air; raichean, m., a room.
Sgail, eadh, v., shade, darken, cover.
Sgain, eadh, v., burst, rend.
Sgain-eadh, idh, m., a rent.
Sgairn-each, ich ; ichean, f., a stonj
slope.
Sgairt-eil, eala, a., smart, vigorous.
Sgal, a; an, m., a shriek, a blast.
Sgaoil, eadh, v., spread, expand, dig.
perse.
Sgaoil (fa-sgaoil), adv., asunder
separate.
Sgap, adh, v., scatter.
Sgath, a; an, in., a. shade, fear, saso
Sgath, adh, v., lop off, prune.
Sgeul or sgeal, sgeoil; sgeoil, m., c
tale, a story.
Sgeulachd ; an, f ., a folk-tale, a story
Sgian, sgine ; sgeanan, f., a knife.
Sgiath, sgeithe ; sgiathan, f., a wing,
a shield.
Sgiob-laich, lachadh, v., tuck up,
adjust.
Sgir, e; ean, f., a parish. Sgireachd,
Sgith, e, a., weary, tired.
Sgoilt, sgoltadh, v., split, cleave.
Sgraing, e; ean, f., gloom, a grin.
Sgriob, adh, v., scrape, trawl with e
net.
Sgrios, sgrios, sgriosadh, v., destroy,
ruin, peel off.
Sgrog-adh, aidh, v., wrench, pull,
bite. Sgnog.
Sguab, adh, v., sweep, brush.
Sguir, sgur, v., cease, stop.
Siab, adh, v., wipe, sweep along
Sibh, pers. pron., you, ye.
Sil, eadh, v., drop, rain.
Simil-ear, eir; eirean, m., chimney.
Sin, demons, pron., that, those. Adv.,
there.
Sin, eadh, v., stretch, extend, fall to.
Sinn, pers. pron., we.
Sint-eag, eig; eagan, a stride, a
stroke in swimming.
Siobhalta, a., civil, peaceful.
Sioda, m., silk.
Siol, sil, m., seed, grain, progeny.
Sion, m., something, anything.
Sior, a., perpetual, everlasting.
Siorruidh, a., eternal. Gu siorruidh,
for ever.
Sios, adv., down to.
VOCABULARY.
IT
Sith, e, f., peace, quietness.
Sith, e ; ean, mf ., a fairy.
Sith-eadh, idh ; idhnean, m., a stride,
a dart.
Sithein; ean m., a fairy hill.
Siubh-ail, al, v., go, depart, die.
Siubh-lach, laiche, a., speedy, fluent.
Siuthad, v., say on, go on, help your-
self.
Slachdraich, f., beating, ponderous
hammering.
Slan leat! interj., farewell.
Slat, slait; slatan, f., a rod, a twig,
a yard.
Slat-ag, aig; agan, f., a small twig.
Sliabh, sleibhe; sleibhtean, m., a
mountain, a moor.
Sliochd, a; an, m., offspring, clan.
Sloinn-eadh, idh ; idhean,. m., a sur-
name.
Slois-readh, ridh, m., dashing as
waves.
Sluagh, sloigh, sluaigh, m., people, a
host.
Smachd, in., authority, correction.
Smal, adh, v., snuff, put out.
Smalan-ach, aiche, a., depressed, sad.
Smeid-e, idh, m., a smile, a beckoning.
Smid, e ; ean, f ., a syllable, a word.
Smig, e; ean, f., the chin.
Smuain-ich, eachadh, v., think.
Smuid, e; ean, f., smoke, steam.
Sna. See san.
Snaim, eadh, v., tie, knot.
Snamh, snamh, v., swim, float.
Snamh, snamh, m., swimming, float-
ing.
Snath-ain, aine ; ainean, m., a thread.
Sneachd, m., snow.
So, demons, pron., this, these. Adv.,
here.
So, interj., here! So! so! come,
come!
Sobh-rach, raich; raichean, f., a
primrose.
Soc-raich, rachadh, v., settle, arrange.
Sogh, soigh, m., pleasure, luxury.
Soirbh, e, a., quiet, tractable.
Soirbh-eas, eis, m., wind, prosperity.
Soith-each, ich; ichean, f., a vessel, a
ship.
Soirbheach-adh, aidh, m., success.
Soirbheach-ail, ala, a., successful.
Sol-as, ais, m., joy, consolation.
Sol-us, uis; uis, m., light.
Son, m., sake, account. 0' ar-son?
why?
Sonn, suinn ; suinn, m., a hero.
Soraidh, f., farewell, blessing.
Spath-alt, ailt; altan, f., a limb.
Speir, e; ean, the hoof, or the ham.
Speuclair ; ean, m., a pair of spectacles
Speur, a; an, m., the sky.
Spion, adh, v., pluck, pull out.
Spior-ad, aid; an, m., a spirit, vigour.
Spog, spoig; spogan, f., a paw.
Spong, spuing; spongan, f., tinder, a
sponge.
Sporran, ain; ain, anan, m., a purse.
Sprochd, m., sadness, dejection
Sreang, sreinge; sreangannan, l a
string, a line.
Sreath, a; an, f., a row, a series, a
rank.
Sron, sroine ; sroinean, srointean, f .,
a nose, a promontory
Sruth, a; sruithean, m., a stream, a
current.
Sruth-an, ain; ain, m., a small
stream, a rill.
Sta or stath, m., good, avail, stay.
Stad, a; an, m., a stop, a pause, a
stand.
Stad, stad, v., stop, cease.
Stairs-neach, nich ; nichean, f ., a
threshold.
Steach, or a steach, adv., in, within.
Steud, a; an, m., a steed.
Stigh, or a stigh, adv., in, within.
Stiob-all, aill; aill, allan, m.. a
steeple, a spire.
Stiuir, stiurach; stiuirichean, f., a
rudder.
Stolta, a., sedate, settled.
Stor-as, ais, m., riches, store.
Streup, streip, m'J, strife, contention.
Stri, m., great exertion, struggle.
Striochd, adh, v., submit, yield.
Striop-ach, aich; aichean, f., a pro-
stitute.
Strodh-ail, ala, a., prodigal, wasteful.
Struidheas-ach, aiche, a., prodigal,
wasteful.
Stuadh, stuaidh; stuaidhean, f., a
wave, a gable, a rock.
Stuc, or stuic; stucan, stuicean, m.,
a precipice, a beetling rock.
Suairc-eas, is, m., affability, gener-
osity.
Suar-ach, aiche, a., trifling, insignifi-
cant.
Suas, or shuas, adv., up to, up.
Suath, adh, v., rub, wipe.
18
VOCABULARY.
Subh, suDha ; subhan, m., a berry,
fruit generally.
Subh-ach, aiche, a., joyful, mirthful.
Sud, or an sud, adv., yon, yonder.
Suidhe, m., sitting.
Suidh-ich, eachadh, v., settle, set,
plant.
Suigh, sughadh, v., evaporate, drain.
Suil, sula; suilean, f., an eye.
Suilbhir, e, a., frank, civil.
Suim, e ; eannan, f., care, a sum.
Suip-eir, arach, eire; eirean, f.,
supper.
Sunnd-ach, aiche, a., cheerful, happy.
Surd, m., alacrity, cheerfulness.
Surd-ail, ala, a., cheerful, hearty.
Tach-air, airt, v., meet, happen.
Tachar-an, ain ; ain, m., a sprite.
Tagh-adh, aidh, m., choosing, the
choicest.
Taic, e, f., a prop, vigour, proximity.
Taillear; an, m., a tailor.
Tailmrich, f., sound of footsteps.
Taing-eil, eala, a., thankful.
Taingealachd, f., thankfulness.
Tairg, sinn, seadh, v., offer, purpose.
Tait-inn, neachdainn, v., please.
Tait-neach, niche, a., pleasant.
Tal, tail ; tail, talan, m., an adze.
Tal-amh, aimh, anda, mhainn;
mhainnean, mf., the. earth, the
globe, the soil.
Tam-all, aill; an, m., a while, a space.
Tamh, taimh, m., rest, ease, dwelling.
Tamh, tamh, v., stay, dwell, rest.
Tan-aich, achadh, v., thin, become
thin.
Taobh, taoibh; taobhan, a side, direc-
tion.
Taobh, adh, v., side with, join, ap-
proach.
Tap-adh, aidh, m., cleverness, luck.
Targaid, e; ean; f., a target, a shield.
Tarm-aich, achadh, v., originate, pro-
duce.
Tarr-gheal, ghile, a., white-bellied.
Tarraing, v., draw, pull.
Te, f., a woman, a female, an indi-
vidual.
Teach, m., a house.
Teachd, m., coming, arrival. Cha
teachd, will not go into.
Teag-amh, aimh: amhan, m., doubt.
Teagh-lach- laich ; laichean, m., a
family.
Teall-ach, aich; aichean, m., a he*
Teanga; teangan, teangannan, J
tongue, speech.
Teann, tinne, a., strait, rigid, clot
Teann, adh, v., begin, come.
Teannachd-adh, aidh, m., rescuin
Tearainte, a., safe, secure.
Tear-ainn, nadh, v., save, protect
Teas, m., heat.
Teich, eadh, v., flee, run off.
Teine; teintean, teineachan, m
fire.
Teinn, f., strait, distress.
Teinn-chradh, m., agony, distress
Teirig, eachdainn, v., fail, become
hausted.
Teis-meadhoin, f., the exact centr
Teoma, a., expert, skilful.
Teud, a; an, mf., a harp-string
fiddle-string.
Teum, a; an, m., a snatch, a bite
Tha, v., am, art, is, are.
Thairis, prep, and adv., over.
Thall, adv., over to, younder.
Thar, prep., over, across.
Tharam, prep, pron., over me.
tharad, thairis air, thairte, tl
ainn, tharaibh, tharta, see gramn
Theab, adh, as, def. v., had almos
Theagamh, adv., perhaps.
Thig, tighinn, v., come.
Thoir, toirt, v., give, take a\«
Tabhair.
Thu, pers. pron., thou; thusa, emp
Thugam, prep, pron., to me.
thugad, thuige, thuice, thugai
thugaibh, thuca, see grammar.
Thun, prep., to, up to.
Ti, m., any rational being.
Tiamh-aidh, aidhe, a., plaintive, s
Tigh, tighe; tighean, m., a house.
Tighead-as, ais; asan, m., hou
keeping.
Tighearn, or tighearna; an, m.,
lord, a landlord.
Tilg, eadh, v., throw, cast, sho
vomit.
Till, eadh, v., return.
Timcheall, prep, and adv., about.
Tionnd-aidh, adh, v., turn, conver
Tioram, tirme, a., dry, pert.
Tiota, m., a moment.
Tir, e; ean, f., a land, a country.
Tiugainn, def. v., come.
Tiugh, tiuighe, a., thick, dense.
Tob-ar, air; raichean, m., a well, t
spring or source.
VOCABULARY.
19
og, ail, v., lift, build, brew.
og-rach, raicbe, a., willing, aspiring.
Togarrach.
oigh, f., care, notice. Is toigh learn,
I like.
oil, e ; ean, £., will, inclination.
oil-eacb, icbe, a., willing.
oileach-as, ais, m., satisfaction.
oil-icb, eachadb, v., please, satisfy.
oinisg, e, f., sense.
bir, e, each; ichean, f., pursuit.
Oirbheart-ach, aich, a., bountiful,
efficient.
'oirm, e ; ean, f ., noise, sound.
'ois-ich, eachadh, v., begin.
'oil, adb, v., bore, perforate.
'oil, tuill ; tuill, m., a hole.
'om, tuim; tuim, m., a hillock.
'onn, tuinne; tonnan, mf., a wave.
'or-ach, aiche, a., fruitful.
'orachd, f., pursuit.
?orm-an, ain ; anan, m., a noise, a
murmur.
?orr, a; an, m., a hill, a heap.
?orr-an, ain; anan, m., a little hill.
?ra, tha ; traithean, m., time, season.
?ra, traithe, a., early. Tra-feasgair,
early evening.
?raigh, e, traghad ; traighean, f., the
sea-shore, the ebb.
Pre, prep., through, by means of.
Freabh, adh, v., plough.
Creas, a., the third.
freas, treise, a., strong, powerful.
Dreig, sinn, v., leave, quit, forsake.
Creor-aich, achadh, v., lead.
[reubh-ach, aiche, a., manly.
Preun, treine, a., valiant.
rreun-fhear, m., a strong man.
Preunt-as, ais, m., bravery, valour.
Pri, a., three.
rriall, triall, v., go, march.
rrian, m., one-third, a third part.
Friath, a ; an, a., chief, hero, lord.
rric, e, a., often, frequent
rriuir, a., three persons.
rrobhad, def. v., come, come along.
Trocair, e; ean, f., mercy.
!Trid, prep., through, on account of.
rroimh, prep., through.
Trom, truime, a., heavy, weighty.
rromb, truimb; tromban, f., a Jew's-
harp.
Trombaid, e; ean, f., a trumpet.
Tromhain, prep, pron., through me.
For tromhad, troimhe, troimhpe,
tromhainn, troimhibh, tromhpa, 6ee
grammar.
Truagh, truaighe, a., miserable.
Truaill, e; ean, f., a sheath, a scab-
bard.
Truaill, eadh, v., defile, pollute.
Truas, truais, m., pity.
Tu, or thu, pers. pron., thou.
Tuagh, tuaighe; tuaghan, f., a hat-
chet, a battle-axe.
Tuarasd-al, ail ; ail, m., wages, salary.
Tuath, a, f., tenantry, peasantry.
Tuathan-ach, aich ; aich, m., a farmer.
Tubaist, e; ean, f., bad luck.
Tuig, sinn, v., understand.
Tuigse, f., understanding, sense.
Tuigs-each, iche, a., sensible, intelli-
gent.
Tuil, e ; tean, f ., a flood, a deluge.
Tuilleadh, m., more. Adv., never
more.
Turs-ach, aiche, a., mournful. Tuirs-
each, iche.
Tuit, earn, v., fall, happen.
Tur, a., entire, absolute.
Turam-an, ain; ain, m., rocking to
and fro.
Tur-us, uis ; uis, m., a journey, a trip.
u
Uabh-ar, air; aran; aran, m., pride,
arrogance.
Uaigh, e, uaghach ; uaighean, f., a
grave.
Uaig-neach, niche, a., lonely, secret.
Uaignidh, e, a., weird, lonely.
Uaimh, uamha; uaimhean, £., a cave.
Uaine, a., green, pale, wan.
Uair, e; ean, an hour, an occasion,
weather.
Uaisle, f., nobility.
Uall-ach, aiche, a., cheerful, gay.
Uam, prep, pron., from me. For
uait, uaith, uaipe, uainn, uaibh,
uapa, see grammar.
Uamhas-ach, aiche, a., fearful, hor-
rible.
Uan, uain; uain, m., a lamb.
Uas-al, ail; uaislean, m., a gentle-
man, a noble.
Ubraid, e, f., confusion, disputing.
Uchd, m., the chest, the lap, the fore-
front.
Udal-an, ain; ain, m., a swivel, a
joint.
Udlaiche ; an, m., a stag.
Ugh, uighe ; uighean, mf., an egg.
Ubh.
Uile, indef. pron., all, the whole.
' Uil-eann, ne, inn; nean, f., the elbow.
20
VOCABULARY.
Uime, pror>. pron., about him or it.
Uime sin, therefore.
Uine, f., time.
Uinich, f., noise, fumbling.
Uinn-eag, eig; eagan, f., a window.
Uiread, m., as much.
Uireasbhaidh, e, f., want, need.
Uisge; uisgeachan, m., water, rain.
Uisge-beatha, m., whisky.
Ullamh, aimhe, a., ready, done.
Umam, prep, pron., about me. For
umad, uime, uimpe, umainn, urn-
aibh, umpa, see grammar.
Ur, uire, a., new, fresh, comely.
Ur-aich, achadh, v., renew, recreate
Uraidh, or an uraidh, adv., last yes
Urrainn, e; ean, m., ability, aut
ority. Urra.
Urram, aim, m., respect, honour.
Urram-ach, aiche, a., honourabl
reverend.
Ursann-chatha, f., a champion,
henchman.
Usa, a compar. of furasda.
Uthard, adv., up above, on hig
Urad.
Names of Women.
Anna — Ann.
Aoirig — Euphemia, Effie.
Barbara — Barbara .
Beathag — Bethia.
Gairistiona — -Christina.
Catriona — Catherine.
Ceit — Kate.
Dior-bhail — Dorothea.
Ealasaid, Beataidh — Elizabeth, Betty.
Eilidh— Helen, Ellen.
Fionnaghal — Flora.
Giorsal — Grissel, Grace.
Iseabal, Iseabail — Isabella.
Liusaidh — Lucy, Louisa.
Mairghread, Peigi — Margaret, Maggi
Mairi, Muire — Mary.
Malai — Molly.
Marsali — Marsella, Marjory.
Mor — Sarah, Sally.
Muireal — Muriel.
Raoghnailt — Rachel.
Seonaid — Janet.
Sileas — Julia, Cecilia.
Sine — Jane, Jean, Jenny.
Siusaidh — Susan .
Una — Winifred.
Names of Men.
Ailein — Allan.
Ailpein — Alpine.
Alasdair — Alexander.
Aindrea, Anndra — Andrew.
Aonghas — Angus.
Art, Artair — Arthur.
Bhaltair— Walter.
Cailein — Colin.
Calum — Malcolm.
Coinneach — Kenneth.
Colla— Coll.
Deorsa, Seoras — George.
Domhnall — Donald.
Donnachadh — Duncan.
Dughall — Dugald.
Eachann — Hector.
Eobhan — Evan.
Eoghan — Eugene, Ewen.
E anraig — Henry.
Fearchar — Farquhar.
Fionnlagh — Finlay.
Gilleasbaig — Archibald.
Gille-Criosd, Crisdein— Christopner.
Guaidhre — Godfrey.
Iain — John.
Iomhar — Ivor, Evander.
Lachann, Lachlann — Lachlan.
Maol-Domhnaich — Ludovick.
Manus — Magnus.
Martainn — Martin.
Maol-Iosa — Milesius, Myles.
Murchadh — Murdoch, Murdo.
Nial, Niall— Neil.
Padraig, Paraig, Para— Patrick, Peter
Parian — Bartholomew.
Raibeart, Rob — Robert.
Raonall — Ron aid .
Ruairidh — Roderick.
Seumas — James.
Somhairle — Samuel.
Tearlach — Charles.
Tom as — Thomas.
Tormaid — Norman.
Uailein — Wayland, Valentine.
Uilleam — William.
Uisdein — Hugh.
TVNews
OpenLibrary