Full text of "Hudson County to-day. Hudson County, New Jersey; its history, people, trades, commerce, institutions and industries"

NYPL RESEARCH LlBHAMItS

3 3433 08181691 4

'I'l'Jli.' V ^ '■ 1 'fJM

HUDSON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY

JtiBtttuttmm .'m^. . 5lu^uflt^^a

COMPILED BY
ROBERT R. STINSON

EDITED BY
ROBERT RIESER

PUBLISHED BY

HUDSON DISPATCH

TOWN OF UNION

NEW JERSEY

rVfV T^IF.W VORK

XoR, LENOX AND
, N FOUNDATIONS
19(5

C t c. *- t c

C t *- c «

c t c c C C

c ' c c e

c c* (

« • .

• « c .
c •,'

B CC' ft

etc cf * *

<■(. c tC. V c c

c c t t «. <-

3ntrnitnrtnry

^f|||'( )l\l"'. than tifteeii niilr- <A waterfront liumming with industry and com-
^jlfl nicrce and inset with nianufacturini^- i)lants, railroad terminals, and the
■^^ >tal)k's of the ijiant ocean steeds, -this is the projjhetic and impressive
face which Hudson C'onuly turns toward the great Metropolis on the east
bank of the lludson. The touch of prophesy lies in the acknowledged pos-
sibilit\- that were the thirteen municipalities of lludsou ("ounty to comhine.
the unilied result would some day give New York City a close race for the
premiership among the industrial cities of the world.

Alexander llamilton. the man of keen forevision realized this possibility
when he predicted that the greatest city "\ the world woidd some day be
located on the west bank of the lliulsou. In this he had the history of city
bitilding to back his prophesy, for with few exceptions almost all big cities
have grown up on the west ba.id< of llu' ri\er.

Hudson C ciuut\ with is thriving munici])alilies all adjoining each other,
already has ()00,ooo residents who are wealthier per capita than any <jther
count} in the state, which in tlu' last analysis means that the county is f»ne
of the richest in the country and concentrates probal)ly as nuicli wealth as
any territory of its size in the world. In this territor_\- is Icjcated with two
exceptions, the terminals of every great railroad running trains west, north
and south. There are the l*ennsyl\ania. the I'.rie, the Jersey Central, the
Lackawanna and others carrying thousands of ])assengers and incalculable
tons of freight e\er}- day; conse(|uently more freight is handli'd throngh or
unloaded here than in New York City.

Huge ])iers studding the Hudson Ri\er front at inter\als. mark the des-
sucli trans-Atlantic steamshii) lines as the Hamburg-American

tmatK >n

with its ocean palaces, the Imperator and the X'aterland ; the North (jerman
Tdoyd, noted for its luxurious shi])S and the nuiuber of passengers carried
by it, and pro])ably the most ])0])ular steamship line in o])eratio!i : and last
but not the least in im])ortance, the .Scandana\ian-American. Holland-. \mer
ica, IMioenix, Wilson, and Panama lines, and the Italian Lloyd>.

( )n the riA-er front from Constable Hook in Ha^'oune to the end of the
cotuUy line at Fort Lee, are also located numerous industries of world-\vide
fame, — 'Jdie Standard ( )il Works, the Tide Water ( )il Ci>.. the largest borax
manufacturing company in the world, the ])lant of the l')a.l)Cock iS: Wilcox
Co., wdiich is known the world o\er for the boilers it turns out: the L'olgate
Soap Co.. the machine sho])s of W. i.S: .\. l-detcher ('omi)any. the Tietjen ^
Lang I )i-y I )ocks, beside man\ others of e(pial im])i irtance.

Numerous other thriving industries are s])rea.d throughout the count}',
attracted here b}' reason oj. g<>''i.i^'ra])hi)ra^J .li)C.:i}ioji. ])roximit}- to the great
Aletro])<ilis of which 11 udsojr.*(t'ouV,t^.* foVn?^s;;iiu.* :t)i])ortant unit, and because
of excellent shi]iping facilities .bv ]aji(l 'aji(l, 'w'a'ter. Rich alread}' in these
things, the opening of the Lanjffijaj.'C* Vtial* JiikI the completion

hiighwav from the Lake i)orts !(> nie*'.Kf fa*n'frc ocean \ ia tlie
gives promise of greater pros]jerj^y| f-.n- .TJ tlasUli Count}..

ol the water
ud-iMi River.

RORF.RT K. S riNSf )\.

• • *
• * •

I c •

• • * • <* «

• • • k • • «

* • « •
t • •• • •

i^u^B^u (Hinmtu

-^/^ U 1XS( )\ ('()L'X'^^'. i1k' >m;ilKsl inuiily in ihc slate in arra. and ihc
ifj secdnd lai^i^csl in pi ipula.lii m in llu- slali,' ni Xcw Jersey, is luiunded < in
'^* the east 1)\- the 1 hidson l\i\er and New \(>vk \\;i\ : i in llie SdUlh by
the Kill \iin Knll, separating- the counly l"n ini Slalen Island; (in the we-l hy
Xevvark llax and l^issaic River; and on the nt>rlh 1)\ Bergen County. It
comprises 43.'"^ .^ scpiare nnles. Xearl\ lialf the eounty, 20.15 scpiare miles.
consists of marsh land. ( )ne I'idge of hills, called the Bergen ilill and Tali-adr
Mountain. lra\er>es its entire length lr(ini Kill \ ( mi Kull lo Bergen Coimty.
\ar\ing in wiilth from one-half to oiu' and one-hall mile-^. h'rom a. ])oint ju->t
helow Weehawken to Bergen Point, the ridge skirts the llud>on l\i\er. Ih.'
geological com])osition is tra]) rcick with underlying sandstone.

Httdson C.)unt\ was former!}- a part of Bergen County, but was or-
ganized into a separate niunici])ality in 1X40. lt< initial history is so closcl}-
inter\vo\ en with that of .Manhattan Island thai iine chronicle ser\-es for both
territories. .Ml ihi-oiigh the l)nlch occu])alion ii wa> ])art of Xcw .\msterdani.
The Count \ is named after ilenry Hudson who is conceded l)y the ma-
j(irit\ (if hi^l(irians {d be the discoxerer and explorer of the Hudson Kiver.
It was his trip to this region in the Half .Moon in 1^)09 that turned the atten-
tion of the directors of the 1 )utch West India L'ompany to the colonization
of the Xew- Xetherlands, a plan which materialized in i()2t, when the lirst
pernianent agricnllui-al c(iliin\' was founded in this vicinity. Thirty families
w-ere brought o\ cr li-(ini Holland (in the "'Xew .Xelherland," a ship ot JC)0
tons burden. Eight nun were left at .Manhallan to take possession for the
West India C"(im))an\-. ."several families were detailed for a like service to the
eastward of .Manhattan, and about eighteen families were stationed at l^'ort
( )range. on the present site ( it the cily (il .Mbany.

There is no record to ])ro\e wlu-thcr. or not. any ot the ])ioneer colonists
e\-er settk'd in HuiNon ((inntx-. llistor\-. unfoi-lun;ilel_\-. tails to show who
was the hrst settler in Hudson County. l'"rom the wild and barren nature
of the coimtr\- at that time, howexer. it is not likely that any colonist had
the temerity to bra\ e nature in such a crude form for several years alter the
permanent colony was established on .Manhattan.

The exentual settlement of the territory on the west side of the Hudson
can be ascribed to the fact that U]) to 1629 the Dutch territories in America
were enorniousK e.\pensi\e. or in the ])hraseology of modern finance, were
failing to mee' expenses. To attract settlers from the mother country the

West India C'Diiipany offered to emigrants the absolute propriety of as much
land as the\' could "prupcrh" imi)r<i\c in an\- ])art of New Nethcrland nther
than Manhattan.

Michael Paauw Stakes First Claim.

One of those attracted by their offer was Michael Paauw, a director of
the Amster(la.ni Chamber, who in iC),^() staked his claim to the tract known
as Hopogahn-I bu-kin,<4'h, now lloboken, and all of Statcn Island. Ik' later
tiiok possession of "Ahasimus and Aressick," including the whole neighbor-
hood of "I'aidns llocck" or jersey City, to which Paauw gave the name of
Pavi)nia. It w a.''^ a wise selection on the ])art of Paauw, for the Indians used
it as a vantage i)oint from which to shi]) their pcdtrics diitn-tK- across the
l\i\i'r to l'"ort Amsterdam. The territory was so desirabU', in fact, tlia.t its
accpiisition gave rise to much jealousy. In December, 1633 Paauw was sum-
mont'd to ai)pear before the Assembly of the .\ L\ and was finally forced to
sell hi-- propertv to the company lor 2C)00 Horins.

.\lmost all of llndson County was originally included in P.ci-gtn Town-
shij), embracing all the territcjry lying between the Hudson River on the east,
the llackt'usack Riser and Newark IJay on the west, the Kill von Kull Creek
on the south and what is now the north boundary line of Hudson Conntv on
the north.

This territory was the scene r)f several Indian massacres. It boi-e the
brunt of the reta.liation of the Indians for William Ivieft's weak and out-
rageous attempt to drive the savages out of the New Netherlands because
of their refusal to pay a ta.\ consisting of wampum, mai/e and furs.

Kieft wa> the third director-general of the New Netherlands em])loyed
bv the WT^t India Com])any. Under his orrlers a sfpiad of soldiers led by a
sergeant lonnded the southerly point of Paulus I loeck, landed near the mouth
(if Mill (I'ei'k an<l cri'pl up on the Indians who had no I'eason to believe
that the hutchnien were other than their friends and protectors from
the more warlike tribes to the north. The slaughter which jjrevailed that
night was little short of fiendish. l^ighty Indians, including scpiaws and
papooses, were nuudered in cold blood. The vengeance of the Indians was
no less terrible. In i'>43 all of Pavonia was laid waste, every house burned
with the exception ol the brew-house in llcjboken, and ever}- bonwerie and
])lantation destroyed. We read that on ( )ctober 1, 1^)43, a band of Indians
burned the house of Jacon Stollelsen, near what is now the corner of Hen-
derson and Third streets, jersey (ity, and kille<l tlu' s'piad of soldiers guard-
ing the house.

Aert Tunissen ol llohi.ken. out on a tiading excm'sion, was killed near
Sandy Hook and his fa.rm aftt'i-wards laid waste and his cattle killed.

So complete was the work ol devastation that the whole (if wdiat is now
New jersey was restored to its aborigines. It was not until the treaty of
1645 between the Indians and the hutch gave some assurances of safety, that
a few of the old ((Tmists could be inductd tii return t(i their bouweries in
I I uds( 111 ( "ount}-.

In 1^147, wdiile Petrus .Stuyvesant was director-general of the New Neth-
erlands, tlu' Indian troubles broke out afresh. The injustice of the Kieft
massacre still rankled in the breasts of the sa.\ages in s])ite of ."^tUNxesant"-^
humane and conciliatory policy toward them. .An Indian girl shot bv Hen-
tlrick \ an Dyck, while she was stealing fruit from his orchard near I'ort
Amsterdam served as an excuse for the outbrea.k of a revolt on .September 15,
1647. l'i\c hundred wairioi's in sixty-four canoes, landed at New Amslei"-
dam. wounded \'an l)_\ck, killed his neighbor, X'andegrist, and were rei)ulsed
by the guard. They crossed the river and again devasted P)ergen Township
and its a.djoining ])recincts. All cattle was killed, all houses burned and every
man who did not seek safety in flight killed, with the exception of Mich.ael
jansen at ( omnnun'paw. This woi'k done, the saxages de\asted Staten Isl.and.

First Settler in Hudson County.

Tlu' first liouscs ercc'lid (in ilu- west sidi- i>\ llu- IIikIsmii were I wi > huts
l)uilt at r.'iNonia in K)_:^j; nndci llie diiTrtiun of WOuler \ an 'I'urilles. then
director-i^xiKTal ni iln' Xrw Wl lni lands. ( iininuniipaw, adjuiniiij^ Jersey
City was (me i>| tiie earliest settUnuiiis ni Jersey. As nearly as can be ascer-
tained iioin llu' imprrfecl annals ni ijir linu' the lirst settler was Jan h'-vert-
sen llonl. who r.imi' aiM-dSs the ri\rr in I'l.^l a^ the a^i'm of Michael I'aauw.
When tin.' laltn- was i.Hcrd In si 11 his hmd to the hntrh \\ Cst India ( 'nni-
|)an\- in i''>,v"^. I'>'inl l>onL;hl his laiin, inclnilint; all ihc ni)lan(l helvveen t'oni-
nniin|ia\\ ere<.'k < m tlu' simlh and llu' incadiiw i,ii llu- niiilh.

U|> ti' I'l-l.^ no settlenieni had heen nia.di' imrth '>\ lli)l)i)ken. At this
place a larni house and a hrew Inmsc had heen huilt and houwerie ideared
and planled li\ \ei"t runiss(.-n \ an rmicn.

At Ahasimus lived Jacoh Sloltclscn, who had married the widow of
('ornelins \ an \orsl. am! was thus the luad of the \ an \'orst faniiU'
Abraham I s.i.n-stMi ' i'laiul^ and liis Imants. ( K-nil l)ii(l<s(]n I'.lauw, ( laes
Janscn \ an ruinuTrndt , and I orindiiis ArissiMi, l'.L;hert WonUiscn and his
faniil\ li\ed at Jan I )r I .an lui's Morck or Mdl (reek r<iint. Uirck Streat-
maker \\\vi\ im the rear ot \\]v hlnfl innnedialrU in llu' rear of (avi-n Point,
just wlui'e the C iiilral Kaihiiail cr(i>.scs the Moiiis (anal.

I'hr jKinnsula ol Taulus Nook, on whirh |rise\ ('it\ is now simatiMJ.
behm^c'd tiom a renuite peiiod iii tlu' \ an \'orst famih. In i So j u vvas
N'csted in ( oriudins \ an \ iirst.

Acc(>rdint; to ( ic'orm' ."^cott's 1 k. " Ihe .MimIcI ol ilu' ( lo\ (.■rinnent of

New Jersey," piiblished by him in 17S5, there were sex cial plantations on
till' liackensack l\i\er. Als() "hu'ar the month iif the lia\. njioii iju' si(K- of
( )verpeck Creek, adjoining to ii.nkensatk Rixer," says Scott, "se\eral of the
rich \alleys were settled b\ the I )ulch ; and tu'ar Snake Mill is a Uuv i)lanta
tion owned b\ I'inhorne and i'.ickbe. hir hall ol which rinhiiriie i^ .said to
ha\e paid li\(.' hundred |iounds.''

The first definite cominunitx in ihr tcrritor\- now comprisiim- lludson
(,\)Uiil\ was establisheil at liei^cn \ ill.ii^r or wh.it is now |rrsc\ ( it\ I Irii^ht.s.
After the peace pact enti'icd into ln'twecn llu- I )nli h .ind llu- Indians on
Januais' jj. i(>^'^. se\i'ral (>l the (dd si'ilhis w h( 1 h.ul bei-n drueii liom their
homes in Ierse\, petitiinied tlu- direc-t( ii-^eiu-ral ,nul the council for an ex-
emption of t,i\es for a cerlain ]cnL;lh of linn- si 1 that tlu-\ inii^ht restore their
old farms. Ihe rxemptiini was ^rallied hir six \cars hnl the director-i^eneial
and the couiuil prc-ft'rred that the p^ojde ci m^repi'ate in one xillai^e for j)ur
p(jses (d piotcrtii >n. Iliis is the (iri^in ol tlu- liiiination o| l!erj>;en \ illa-^e.
the exact <Iate ol whitli is unknown. I he place was inereh' described then
as behind "< iemoeiieiKien. I here was a small (di'arint^' aboiu where- Mont
g"omery Street crosses l^erj^en \\i-niu- wliicdi ]iro|)ald\ had brcn m.uli- b\ llu-
Indians and was kiuiwii llien as the '■Indian ( onilulds" (ir ".Mai/e L.aiid,"
and after tlu- \illa.i..;i- was established as "llu- ( >l(l .\Iai/.e Land."" It is
])r()l)al)le that the position was selected, llu- \illam- sui"\-e\i"d. laiil ciut and
^iveii a na.me between .\u.14ust ifith and soiiu- time in .Xovember, i'>()o. Iler^'en
X'illa^'e e\ol\od from a cluster of lo^ huts S(k) feet sipi.na- and surrounded by
a I'alisade. it ^ic-w rapidh', and in one \(-ar it hail li(-rome of sulfu'ieiit ini-
])ortance to nu'iit a local ,<;'o\ ernmeiil, L p to i()()i tlu- ( ourt of llm\i;dmasler^
and .S^hep^-ll^ in .\'t-w Amsti-rdain hail since its ofw-;ini/ati( mi in i'>5- exer-
cised legal jurisdiction on llu- wa-st sid^' of tlu- ri\rr. Ilu-reafter matters in
controversx' in b'lscx wna- lo br dreided b\ a local comt. subject to the
rif>-ht of appeal to the director-.m'lu-ral and council.

< )n .\u.<;ust 4. 1661, Tielman \ an \'Ieck vvas ap|>ointed sheriff, or "sclioiu"
id' IJer^en Village — on llu- sanu- da\ I )i!aH-lor-( ieiieral l*etrus Stuyxesailt
granted a charter to the \illa.ge. Ihus vvas established the first munici|»al
g'overnnuMit and the lii-st rourt in .\'ew lersey.

As all familiar with tlie early liislor}- of North America recall. New
Xetherla.ncls was ca])tureil hy the I'jit^lish in \()()4 without ()pi)osition. ( )n
|ul\ 29. 1673. the lUitch reca])ture(l it without hloocNhed. ( )n Februar)- 9.
J674. a i)eace treatx was drawn u]) between the two countries gi\ing England
possession of Xew Xelherlands. I'hilip Carteret, who had been made gov-
ernor of Xew ierse\- during the first hjiglish occupation of the N^ew Neth-
erh'inds, was restored to that post.

Under (iovernor Carteret, Ik-rgen was made the capital of East Jersey,
and the assembh' or legislatixe body met regularly each year in various
cities. In 1714 I\ol)ert Hunter, then ( lo\ernor t)f Xew Jerse\- granted Berg'en
a new chartei' making it a body C(M-])orate.

The count\ of Hudson did not come into existence officiallv until Feb-
ruar\- 20, 1840. when the legislature passed an act to this effect. The first
term of the county court was held in L}'ceum Hall, on (irand street. Jersey
C'nw April 14, 1H40. with the Hon. Chief Justice llornblower jjresiding. His
associates on the bench were Cornelitis \'an Winkle. Henry Southmayd.
Stephen Carretson and ( ieorg;e C. De Kay.

The courts were held in L_\ceum Hall tmtil March 11, tS45. when the
new court house in IJergen was dedicated. ( )n .Ma\- 13. 1840. the Chosen
Boa.rd of Freeholders of Hudson Count\- met for the hrst time in l)ra}-ton"s
Hotel. Fi\e Corners.

Hudson County During the Revolution.

C)n June 5, 1774. the Freeholders and inhabitants of Bergen County, of
which Htidson was then a part, passed resolutions at a meeting- held at Hack-
ensack in fa\or of sending delegates to the (ieneral Congress of the Colonies.

On |ul\- 4. 177'^). Cicneral Washington ordered (jenera.1 Mercer to thr<nv
up breast works at Paulus Hoeck and station a guard of 500 men there.
This was a stragetic point from which to repel invasion from Staten Island.
A fort, afterwards named DeEancey. was also erected a short distance below
the ])resent canal at Bayonne and (ieneral W'adsworth's brigade was sent
over to Bergen, where it was joined by a battalion of Jersey troops.

( )n July 12, the patriot cannons at Pattlus Hoeck opened the first fire
on the I'^nglish fleet collected in the harbor. C)n Septeml)er 15th. when the
British cai)tured Xew York, a coincident attack was made upon the jxist at
Paulus Hoeck with less success.

During this time Washington, then headquartered at Harlaem, would
occasionally sli]) o\er to the Jersey shore and in companv with (ieneral
(ireene, who had succeeded (General Mercer in command on tlie lersev shore,
reconnoitre as far as Paulus Hoeck. ( )n September 23, 1776. the British took
Paulus Hoeck. the Americans falling back to Bergen. ( )utposts remained at
this place, Hoboken. Bull's Ferry and Hackensack until November 20. 1776,
when Fort Eee, ha\ing been evacuated, the Continental troops here followed
Washington to the Hackensack and thence to the Delaware, leaving east
Jersey in possession of the British.

It was in the vicinity of Hackensack in 1776 that Colonel Aaron Burr
first attracted attention by his braverv.

Another notable engagement of the Revolutionary War which occurred
in Hudson County was fought with more humiliating results. This was the
attack on Block House Point, located on the Palisades directly opposite
Eightieth street, New York City. Here a handful of woodche:»'ppers who
were engaged in cutting wood for the English army across the river, repulsed
a force of colonial soldiers twenty-five times as large, under Ceneral W'avne,
the hero of Stonv Point.

Hudson County in the Civil War.

Patrii itic fcclin!:;- I'an

hiiili ill llic C(iunt\ al ihc outbreak (»1 the civil war.

for

Hanks and incli\ i(lual> <>\ means \ic(l in llu-ir citorts to advance money foi
rlie needs of the Union. The Mechanics and Traders IJank of Jersey ('it\
l)lcdtied itself for $25,000: the l'.ai)k of Jersey fily $10,000 and the llohoken
C'itv Bank $J 1,000. The .Misse- Sojiliia am! I'.sther Ste\-ens placed $1,000
each at the o-()\ernnieiil"> disposal.

.\or was the county hehnid hand in answering I'l-oideiu Lincoln's call
( )ne of the fust resinienls to be mustered in was the Second of

tor lrooj)s.

New |erse\, raised enlirely in lludson (ounly. '^hi-^ ret^inient was raised
and e(|uipped 1)\' a wai" connnitlee o| Ii\e. Iieaded Ity .Major COrnelitis \'an
\'orsl of jerse\- t'ily. Jolni ( irilVilhs and iienjamin (1. Clarke, members o
the connniltee. ma<le ihemseKes ])ersonally liable for the debt of $30,000
iiictu'red in ninfui-min'^- the regiment. The debt was later met by the citizens
of the County. idle Second Regiment scr\ ed nine months and was mustered
out of service. Hu(tson t'ounty also contributed a com])any or two t<» the
b'irst, I'iflli, X'iiith, Tenth, hlexenth. Tliineciith. Twenty-first, and Thirtv-
tliird regiments of New Jerse}'. all of which saw acti\e service in the war.

Hexamer's Battery, known as Battery A. C a])tain William Hexamer, was
recruited in Ibiboken. It particii)ated in the battle of West Point, \^a..
Mechanics\ille, C'hantilK. Antielani an(
was com])osed largeh- of ( lermans.

otliei- iiieni' ii'able engagements.

Educational Interests of Hudson County.

Ill the educational sphere lludson County boasts one institution which
ranks second, if not tirst, in its line in the conntr\. Thi-- i-> the Stevens In-
stitute of Technology, in Iloboken, which wa> founded b\- the late Edwin .\.
.'"^tevcns. The institute teaches mechanical and idectrical engineering. Con-
nected with it is the Stex'ens I're])arator\- ScIiihjI.

Other institutions ol ])roiiiinence are the Iloboken .\cadt'my, organized
in i860. Iiasl)rouck Institute, now i)art of the ]Hiblic school s\stem in Jersey
Lity, St. Teeter's College, excellent high schools and a number oi private
schools in xarious ])arts of the couiU\.

pa
in

o
o

3lFrsini (CfliT

U lvMuL\\'l'l\( J a numl)er of ol)staclcs that would have stunted the
growth of any other cit\- in its incipiencv. Jersey Citv has grown from
a strip of farming land with a i)opulati()n of 13 in 1802. to a thriving
coniinunit} with a population of 300.885. Xor lias it vet come into its own.

Located ideally as a centre of transportation, it is now the focal point
of a huge fan of railroad tracks running north, south and west. Its river
front i> hemmed with husy wharfs, while tubes and ferries link it with New
York City which can be reached in three minutes. Its heart throbs with
indtistry and sends an ever increasing flow of commodities into the arteries
of trade radiating to all parts of the world. As a manufacturing centre it
stands anu)ng the hrst cities of the country.

No wonder then that statisticians, with plausible figures to back them,
predict a population of 745.374 in 1936. insisting that their estimate is a con-
servative one. *

A peep into Jersey City's earl\- history makes the fact of its present im-
portance seem an unreality. Until the beginning of the 19th century. Jersey
City, or what i- now Jerse\- Chy. was used as farming land. 'Idle entire

■t t

CHRIST HOSPITAL. JERSEY CITV, X. [.

population of thirteen was gathered in one house with outbuildings, on
Paulus Hook. For over one hundred years this property consisting of
meadows and a bit of upland, had been in the possession of the \'an Vorst
family. In 1746 Cornelius \'an \'orst built a ferry to Xew York and in 1769
laid out a race track on his property.

Even in its early days Jersey City. b\- virtue of its strategic position,
was a centre of transportation. Here the '"Flying ^lachine." a springless
wagon began its three days' journey to Philadelphia. This was succeeded
by the stage wagon, which left Philadelphia on Monday, reached Trenton
that day. arrived in Elizabethtown on Tuesday and Paulus Hook on Wed-
nesday. Charles H. W'intield. in his monograph on the "Founding of Jersey
City," says that at one time as many as twenty stages entered Paulus Hook
a dav.

1 1

( )n Maix'li J(). 1804, llu- \ an XHi'^l ]>i"(ii)ci'ly was ci nucxcd to .Vnthony
!)c\'. rcprcscnlalix (.' of Xrw \i>v\< ir.MiK'vcd interests, in i-eturn tdr a peri)ettial
annuity of ()()CO milled diillars, secured Ii_\ ;
tract ctuitained 117 acres bounded 1)\ the

m irredeemable mortg-age. ddic
Hudson l\i^•er, ITarsimns Ba^',

Lommunipaw l>a
title to il bad 1

! I

llax and a straiebt line between ibe two bax'^. The \ an X'orst

)ecn

a])])ro\c(l l)\

•xandei'

lamilton and

isiab ( )8:(len

Tman, for wbieb legal service the lawyei's I'eceixed a i)i"incely fee of Sioo.
The capitalists for whom l)e\- bought the jjroperty, cut it up into lots
and adxertised it for sale. bo])ing to Imild U]) a thrixing community in short
lirder. Ibil tbc\ found ibemseKes confronted by two formidable obstacles
which f(»r a time threa.tencd to disrupt their ])lans. These were the \ an \ orst
mortg-age and the claim of New York ('it\ to jurisdiction over the lands
under the iludson wesiwai^d to low water mark on the jersey shore. United
Slates District Court judge l\(ibcrt briiup of New NOrk and Recorder Richard
liarrison of New York Lit}', had decided in favor of this contention, but in
the nick of time the Comiuon (.duncil of New York City i)assed a resolution
asstiring" the pi-o])rielors of I'atdus Hook that the cit_\- did not wish to oppose
the land iiroject. The re>olution added that the impro\'ements "woitld greath-
tend to the con\-enience of the inhabitants of this cit\- in case of the retttrn
of the e])idemic" (small ])ox).

WHKRI': THE I'-OULEVAr-iD CROSSES OVl>.R THE PEXNSVEVANIA RAH, ROAD

The Jersey Company Formed.

The resolution serxxd to reassure all concerned that the whar\es along"
T'aulus Hook would not ha\e to l)c rebuilt under the direction of New^ York
City, and the promotion of the land project was resumed. On October it.
1804. certain "articles of association" were entered into between the original
proprietors and certain associates. On the 10th of November. 1804. the
capitalists were incorporated b}- the legislature under an act entitled "An
act to incorporate the associates of the Jersey Company." The statute had
been drawn U]) by Alexander Hamilton and conferred on the associates prac-
tically all of the powers of local government. Some of the more prominent
associates and the amount of shares held b}- each in the enterprise were:
Jacob Radclitte. Mayor of New York City, 100 shares; Jose])h Bloomfield.
governor of New Jersey. 20 shares; Richard X'arick, a former attorney ger.eral
of NeW' York State, 100 shares; Alexander G. AlcWhorter, 30 shares; An-

tlioiix i )c\-. lou shares ; J. X. C'uiiiiiiiii,!^-, 50 ^liarcs ; William I lalsrv', 30 shares ;
l''.lislia rxiiidiniil, 15 shares; Samuel lioyd, 40 shares; Arch. ( iracie. 40 shares;
liihii !'.. CKles. 20 shares; l)a\i(l Dogdeii. 20 sliares.

Xiue m|" these associates were, !)}■ the articles of iiicorporalioii. to he made
:ruslees with the ])ii\\er lii ci'iiduct and maiia,!:;e the affairs of tlie conipaiu'
and to >ell the pi-nperly and ai)])oint all necessary (ifficers. l-'.ach assdciate
had line \i)te l^r each share he held in the com])any.

All sorts I if induci'ments were held out In i^ct i>urchasers of lots. Lois
were tdlered li'ce. in Sdine cases, exce])t for g'rnimd rent and survex'ors' fees,
to those who agreed td ])Ut up ])nilding-s aho\e a certain \alue. In other
cases the ])urchase ])rice of a lot was reduced if the buyer l)eg-a.n the erection
of a l)uilding- worth $500 or o\ er within one year after the i)urchase. An effort
was made to get Kohci'l l'"ult(in to tran-^l'e1" his shipyai'd in the town. Thi--
eflort was successlul li\- reason of an offer of one hhick of tand for $ioco.
paxa.hle in fixe years \\ith(itit intt'rest. Mere he made his first attem])t to
introduce the use lif steam power into ferry and other \ehicles.

SiU4«.|^-«^^^J^i21 i^^

(■artf:rf.t club house. ii<:rskn' city. x. .1.

The associates had >ha(le trees i)lanted in the streets, reserved land for
a shipyard, for churches, a school and a jmhlic market, and to enc<iurag"e the
increase of the supi)ly of pure water, contributed toward the cost of digging
wells. In 1805 they negotiated for the erection of a hotel which was after-
wards known as the lludson House and now form> ])art ol C'olgate's soai)
factory.

Jersey City Incorporated.

l!ut in sjjite ol all these inducements the colon\- did not prosper and we
read that at the end of 30 years after the beginning of the enterprise the
population showed an increase of less than fifty a year. The three main
elements in the retardation of its growth were the old \"an N'orst mortgage.

f(»r the paxnienl of which the associates had to use the revenues from the
ferrv and the eround rent from some of the h)ts which were sold under that
condition ; also from time to time the bugaboo of New York's claim to Jersey
land under water kej^t reasserting- itself, and thirdly the form of g-overnment
was tmpopular since it conferred on the associates too mtich i)ower, allowing
them ihrougli tlieir Ixiard of trustees to le\'\- taxes and inflict penalties when
the land owners refused to abide by their laws.

iMuding- themselves tmable. under these conditions to carry otit their
ambitious ])lans the trustees a])])lied lo the leg-islature in 1819 for a law in-
corporating the town. Such ;in enactment was passed on January 20 of that
year, entitled "An act lo inct)rporate the city of Jersey in Bergen County.'"
in the l)o(l_\- of the act the name was changed to Jersey City. Even under
this act, howe\er, the associates still held the balance of power and were
able to dictate concerning tax levies. The ''Board of Selectmen of Jersey

''^t^

>*p,aoi: •

HUDSON COUNTY BOULEVARD, JERSEY CITY, N. J.

City,"' consisting oi hve freeholders or inhabitants were more or less tigtire-
heads. Consequently this form of municipal government was also ttnpopular
and on January 27,. 1829. an amendation act was passed, tinder which the
Board of Selectmen, consisting of seven members, were allowed to raise
money by tax not exceeding $300 in anv one vear tmless bv consent of the
freeholders arid other taxable inha]:)itants. Although this sum sounds
ridictilotisl}- small it was opulent compared with the amounts ol)tained 1)}'
the old board when the associates had the say.

Things began to improve perceptibly after that, es])ecially when in 1834
the rights of Jersey to land under water were estal)lished in a treat\- with
New York. Then transportation facilities, such as they were then, began to
increase. The New Jersey Railroad with its "passenger car Washington"
established its terminus in Jersey City, carrying passengers to Newark and
then extending in the direction of Philadelphia. Then there was the Paterson
and Hudson River Railroad, with three cars having a capacity of thirty
passengers each and drawn by "fleet and gentle horses." Tn 1836' the Morris
Canal was f)j)ened for traffic from Newark.

Thirly-four years to a day from the lime l)ey contracted witli \ an Voorst
Un- the ptirchase of Paukis Hook. Jersey City was incorporated. This was
on February 22, 1838. Henceforth the ])o\vcrs of g-overnmcnt were to be
vested in a mayor and a common council, ddiis new charter established the
community as a unit, separate from the Township of Bergen of which il had
ulwa\s been a part.

Consolidation.

But all this story so far concerns only the acorn from which the oak of
the city, as it stands today, sprang. The best descrijnion of the territorial
growth of Patilus Hook, or the original jersey City is afforded in the follow-
ing passage from Charles H. Winfield's "Monograph on the h'ounding of
Jersey City."

The first additi(>n of territory to the original 1)ounds of Powles Hook
brought within the jurisdiction of Jersey City, was made March 8th. 1839.
Then the westerly boundary of the city was extended to the centre line of
Grove street.

AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDRY. JERSEY CITY. N. J.

'i^he second enlargement was made March 27th, 185J. when Jersey City
and the Township of \'a.n X'orst were consolidated. This Township was on
the Island of Ahasimus. and with Powles Hook and the territory annexed
thereto in 1839. covered the whole island. This island was surrounded on
the east b}' Hudson's River, and on the other three sides by Mill Creek, from
Jan de Lacher's Hook on the south around by Point of Rocks and the foot
of the Hill at Newark Avenue, thence winding through the meadows to the
Hudson at the boundary line between Jersey Cit}- and Hobokeu on the north.
The northerly part of this stream was generally called Harsimus Creek.

In 1870. the cities (-if Hudson. Bergen and jersey City were consolidated
under the last name.

The C\{\ of HiulsDii was iiici)r])<>ratcd April iilli, 1855. and covered all
the territorx- Iviiii^- on the llei.^hts. and extending- to the Hackensack River
..n the west, between the 1 'ennsyhania l\ailroad on the south, and the Town
of \\'est llol)oken on the north.

The C"il\- of ISerg-en w a-> incorporated March iith, 1868. and covered all
ihe territory hctween the Pennsylvania Ka.ilroad on the north, the Townshii)
of (Ireenvilie on the south, the llackensack River on the west, and .Mill Creek
and lludson's River on the east. Within these bounds were the once fortified
^ illages of t"oninuuii])aw and "het dorp liergen in t'nieuw maislandt."

In 1873. ^'i*^ Township of Greenville, covering- all the territory between
the Cities of Bergen and F5ayonne. and the New York and Hackensack Bays
was added to Jerse\- Cit\. To-da\ all of these siualler cities make up the
present city of Jerse}' City.

Prosperous Up-to-Date Community.

( )n the western slope of the Bergen section in the Jersey City of today
is laid out the beautiful West Side Park covering 2c8 acres. Its construc-
tion l)v the Hudson County Park Commission cost $1,250,000. There are
rdne city parks with an area of 39.10. They are River \'iew. Bay \Me\v.
]^eonard J. Gordon. Hamilton. Coluiubia, Mary Benson. Lafayette. \'an \"orst
and Washington.

In handsome public buildings jerse}' City is not lacking. It boasts a City
Hall that cost $900,000; the Free Public Librar_\-. $360,000; the new City
Hospital. $350,000. iricluding the ])rice of the site; the new High School,
$400,000; the People's Palace, donated by Joseph Milbank to the First Con-
gregational Church. $400,000. and a number of other structures of modern
design.

In the way of educational facilities there are thirty-one public schools,
ten Roman Catholic Parochial Schools, the High School. Hasbrouck Institute,
•'now part of the High School svstem), St. l^eter's College, St. Aloysius
Academ}- and the German-. Vmerican School.

For e\ery 2,079 people in Jersey City there is one church making a total
of 122 houses of worship.

These facts when correlated present a picture of a thriving, up-to-date
city which contrasts oddlv with the scenes that niu>t have prevailed less
than a century ago when the associates prevailed on the legislattire to pass
a law keeping- the streets clear of pigs. shee]). ducks and dogs.

Jersey City is the only city in Hudson L'ount\' ( 1914) operating under
the Commission h'orm of ( i( )\ernment. it haxing ado])ted the Walsh Act in
T913. (ireat things ha\e been ])i-edicte(l for Jerse\- Cit\- under this new forni of
goven-iment. and while it is hardl}- jxissible at this early day to claim that
tangible l)enefits have been derixed, there has been a marked increase in the
interest dis]dayed by all classes of citizens, in the city's welfare. The try-out
of this new method (,| gnxernment will. howe\-er, l)e watched with great
interest b\- the entire count\-.

Trust
Company

New Jersev

Hoboken
N.J.

First

National

Bank

Hoboken

N. J.

folmkru

Al/rH()U(ilI Castle Pdint may lia\e been seen l)y some of tlie early
iiavig-ators who, it is claimed, entered the Iludson River during the
sixteenth centur} , no record of it appears until the memorable voyage
of Henrv Hudson. After this daring na\igator ha.d ascended his river for
one hundred and hft_\' miles, he returr.ed toward its mMutli, and, in consequence
of an encounter with the Indians on Manhattan Island, anchored the Half
Moon in W'eehawken Co\e, on October 2. 1609. where the serpentine rocks
of the neighboring point tuade such an ini])ression upon Robert luet, the
mate, that he says in his log: "W illiin a while after, we got downe two leagues
beyond that place, and anchored in a May, cleere fi-oni all danger of tlu-m on
the other side of the ri\H'r, \\ here we saw a good piece of ground ; and hard
by it there was a Llilte, that looked of the colour of white greene. as though
it were either Copper, or SiKer Myne: and 1 think it to be one of them, by
the trees that grow ujxm it. Vnv they are all ])nrne(l. and the ntlu'r places
are greene as grasse."

From that date Castle Point has occui)ied a ])lace in history.

EXTRAXXE TO STEAMSHIP PIERS. HOBOKEX, X. J.

Origin of the Name " Hoboken."

Rut long before Hudson's day, the island of which it formed a ])art, and
which is now the city of Hoboken, was known to the aboriginal inhabitants
of the country wdio, even if they had no ])ermancnt settlement there, must
have visited it frequently, for there they procured the stone from which they
fashioned their ])ipe bowds. On this account they called the place '' Hopoghan
Hackingh," or " Land of the Tobacco Pipe."

First Recorded Deed of the City.

In the tirst recorded deed in tlie annals of Xew Xetherland, "the land
called Hobocan Hackingh" is conveyed l)y its Indian owners, on July u,
T630, to the Director and Council of New^ Xetherland, wdio were acting on
behalf of Michael Pauw, Burgomaster of Amsterdam, Lord of Achtienhoven,
and one of the members of the Dutch West India Company. Pauw also

acquired the other hind on the west sliore of the Hudson River and New
York Bay from Weehawken to. and including, Staten Island, and became the
"patroon" of this re£j;ii)n. wliich he named " Pavonia." As far as known,
Patiw never came to America, and as the other members of the West India
Company objected to his monopoly of the lands across the Hudson from
Manhattan Island, he linally sold tuU his interest in Pavonia to the company
in 1634 or 1635.

Early Settlement.

An asrent of Pauw, named C\)rnelius \'an X'orst, settled at Ahasimus, in
what is now Jersc}- C'ily (where his descen<lants live to this day), and his
son. Hendrick \'an X'orst. was probably the first white occupant of Hoboken.
although he appears to have had only a farm there and no house, as he
probablv lived at his father's in Ahasimus. He returned to Holland in the
summer of 1639 and there he died, and the next year Director-General Kieft,
the governor of New Netherland, leased Hoboken to Aert Teunissen Win
Putten and agreed to build a small house there. Van Putten improved the
place, started farming, and erected a brew-house, but on the outbreak of
war with the Indians in 1643 he was killed while on a trading expedition to
Sandy Hook, and his farm was laid desolate and all his buildings burned,
exce])t the brewery, which was still standing in 1649.

UPPER HUDSON STREET. HOBOKEN, N. J.

In 1645, \'an Putten's widow married Sybout Claesen, a carpenter in
New Amsterdam, and they laid claim to Hoboken, but Governor Kieft did
not allow their claim and leased the island to Dierck Claesen, from Bremen,
who afterwards abandoned the place; so that at the end of the year 1649 it
lay unoccupied. Nicholas A'arleth acquired an interest in Hoboken a few
years later, and in 1663 he received a formal grant of the land from Governor
Peter Stuyvesant, which was confirmed to him l)v Governor Carteret in
1668, after the English conquest.

The Bayards Come Into Possession.

\'arleth, in 1665, had married Anna, the sister of Governor Stuyvesant
and the widow of Samuel Bayard. On Varleth's death, in 1675, his heirs
succeeded to his estate, and from them the Hoboken jiropertv was acquired

I)y liis step-son, Samuel Ila\ar

111

i/iJ. The lattcr's descciulaiUs con-

tinued ui possessiou ut Hoboken until the Revolutionarv War, and improved
the estate. In the time of \\'ilham .J5a}ard the last of 'his immediate famih-
to own Hoboken. his mansion stood on Castle Point, and near it were many
I'arni buildino-s, while arour.d were
and olhiM- farm lands. It was said

etc.. there is not on tin- \orth Ri\er. with plenty of oysters in the crc^draTd
before the door." In such a i)aradise Air. Bayard spent his summers and
entertained with lari^e hospitality. Among his guests were Mr. Quincy, of
Massachtisetts. in 1773, and the deleg-ates from that State to the Continental
("( ingress, in 177^.

)cautiful gardens, fine orchards, meadows
"a better fishing place for catching shad,

Hoboken During the Revolutionary War.

At the ])eginning of the Rexolution. William Hazard was on the side of
the colonies, and even served on a Committee of hiftv- W hig sympathizers
with lay. Lewis and other patriots. FJut when tln' Mritish captured New-
York, in 1776, he thought that the American cause was a lost one, and went
o^'er to the British si.le. e\en joining the King's army, in which he had the
rank of colonel. His farm at "Hoebuck" w'as a prey to bt)th sides during the

VIl^W OF HUDSON STREET AND PORTION OF STEVENS CAMl^US

war. In 1778 some of the Light Horse of Washington's army raided the
place and carried ofif a great number of cattle, and in August, 1780, it was
completely laid waste and all the buildings burned, except a small one near
the ferry, by a party of Americans.

Hoboken came near seeing the capture of Benedict Arnold, for '"Light
Horse Harry" Lee, with three dragoons and three led horses, waited there
tnany hours one autumn night in 1780, hoping that Sergeant John Chanipe
would succeed in his hold plan of kidnapping the traitor in New York, and
bringing him across the river, but owing to a sudden change of Arnold's
headquarters the plan miscarried.

As he had taken up arms against his country, Bayard's Hoboken estate
was confiscated by the State of New Jersey, and a.t the close of the Revolution
was ordered to be sold at public auction. Hearing of the proposed sale.
General von Steuben, who did so much to drill the Revolutionary Army into
shape and make it an eftective fighting machine, wrote to Governor William

Livingston, of New Jersey, and asked if lie mi^q-ht not buy the estate before
it was auctioned off. fnr he had evidently taken a great fancy to it. In reply
Li\-ingston wrote him ihat, although he " scarcely knew a gentleman on the
whole Continent whom our Assembl}- wnnld take a greater pleasure in oblig-
ing than Baron Steuben." yet the Assembly could not. without passing a new
special law in his favor, withdraw the estate from j)ublic sale, and that this
would establish a b;id ])recedent and give rise to much jealousy. Baron
Steul)en's o]d\ course, then, would be to buy the property at the auction
through an agent, if unable to attend himself, (itn-ernor Livingston then
added this piece oi friendly advice, which will be appreciated by all summer
sojourners in Hoboken : " But if you never were on the spot yourself in the
mt-nths of julv. August and Sei)tend)er. and I thought myself at lil;erty to
ohtrude m\- ad\ice u])on \du. 1 would sa\- that considering how often \ou

VIEW OF HUDSON COUNTY PARK, HOBOKEN. N. J.

are exposed to loss of blood in the wa}- of your profession as a Soldier, i
would dissuade you from putting it in the power of the Mosquitoes at Hoe-
buck to augment the effusion, for nexer did I set foot on a place where that
troublesome and vcnomou-^ little volatile, during those months, swarmed
in greater abundance."

In General von Steuben's answer to this ei)istle, he seems to feel hurt at
the refusal of his request, and perhaps at the rather trilling tone of the
(iovernor's letter, and. at any rate, he withdraws his application and api)ears
to have made no further attempt to accpiire Hoboken.

Purchased by Colonel John Stevens.

The auction sale was held on March lO. I7(S4. and the Bayard estate was
bought by Colonel John Stevens for about $90,000. Colonel Stevens was
born in 1749 and belonged to a family already distinguished in New Jersey.
His grandfather had come to New York in the early part of the eighteenth
centurv as a law officer of the Crown and had afterwards resided in Perth
Ambov. at one time the leading town of East Jersey. His father became
vice-president of the Council of New Jersey, president of the Council of East
[ersev Properties, president of the New Jersey State Convention which ratified
the Constitution of the United States, and held \arious other positions of
honor and dignitv, and he married Elizabeth Alexander, a sister of William

Alexander. wIki laid claim in the ICarldcjm of Sterlinj^- and was a famous
general in the Re\i >lulii)iiary Army. Colonel John himself was an ofificer in
the same army, and was also treasurer of the State of New Jersey duriup'
the greater part of the war.

The engineering achie\ements of Colonel |i»hn Stexens and his son.'-
have been so often recnunted that it is nut neeessary to enlarge upon them here.

Hoboken As a Pleasure Resort.

As many as t\\ent_\ thdU^aixl jieople Irnm New ^'l)rk would cross the
lerr\- in a single day to s])end a few hours on the Green, along the River Walk,
and in the l'd\sian Fields. There were <lelightfid oeetijialions and entertain-
ments lor all ages and classes. Among the ])optdar attractions were "aerial
wavs." a circular railway, and a primitixe form of I'erris wheel. Refresh-
ments of all kinds were to he had at the "jC) House," near the ferrv, ( ])art of
wliich was the onl\- one of ('ohmel I'ayard's buildings left after the coidla-
gration oi 1780). at the "C olonade," a ])a\"ilion erected bx' (iilout-l .Stex'ens in
the El}"sian Fields in 18,^), and at manx' other ])laces.

The \isitor. on a.rrixing by the ferry, xvould be landed at the foot of a
little hill, on xxhich st( lod the "7^) I louse,"" a. little to the m uith of \xhat is now

'»»i>i::-^- nWM^^mi -

I *f

H,-

KEUFFin. & ESSER COMPANY, HOBOKEN. N. J.

Newark street, between Hudson and Washington streets. North of the ''76
House" was the beautiful lawn known as " The Green,"' which sloped from
Washington street down to the river and was bounded on the north by First
street. Here the visitor luight spend his hours enjoying the pleasant scene
or indulging in some of the many amusements which were all around for his
entertainment, but if he desired to find a quieter spot or explore the natural
beauties of the place, there was a path, lined with fine old elms, which led
toward Castle Point and then turned ofl" to the shore, xvhere it ran between
the clilis and the river's edge, and was known as the River Walk. Until north
of the Point, it led into the ITysian Fields, where tall trees stood in a fine,
park-like expanse which extended from the present location of Tenth street
to the Cove at Fifteenth street, and from AX'illow avenue to the river. In
the earlv part of the nineteenth century this part of Hoboken was known by

the less classical name of '" Turtle Grove." for here the epicurean members
of the "Hoboken Turtle Club" assembled to enjoy their succulent dinners.

Just north of the spot where Castle Point j)rojects farthest into the river
is a hollow in tlic clill. calKd S\ bil's Cave, in which is a spring of water and
which was one of the most poi)ular resorts. This place gained great notoriety
at the time of tlie mysterious death of Mar}- l\ogers, the " beautiful cigar girl,"
vvhose l)od\- was found in the river near by. .'-^he had left her home in New
York, where she was widel\- known and greatly admired, on a Sunday morn-
ing and was not seen again l)y her family until her body was found
(lavs afterwards. The ni\ster\- of her murder, which caused the -greatest
sensation of the da\, was ne\er com])letel}- sohed, but her fate led Edgar
Allan Poe to write the stor_\- of "The Mystery of Marie Roget," in which all
the circumstances of Mary Rogers' death are minutely recounted, with the
exception that the scenes a.re laid in Paris instead of in New York and
Hoboken, and the case is analyzed with a mastery unequaled by any of the
modern writers of detecti\-e stiiries.

A Proposed Public Park.

Colonel Stevens did all in his power to i)reserve the natural beautv of
Hoboken and to add to its attractiveness, but he realized that with its near-
ness to New York and its convenience for commerce, the inroads of business
would, sooner or later, destroy its charms, unless the i)lace could be reserved

HUDSON COUNTY PARK, HOBOKEN, N. T.

as a public park. He therefore drew U|) a scheme by which the Citv of New
York w-as to acquire the shore front of Hoboken as' well as the ferry. It is
doul)tful if this ])lan was pul)lished at the time, but it is of interest in giving
an insight to the character and amazing foresight of Colonel Stevens.

Suggested as a Part of Nev/ York City.

He proposed that a number of pavilions should be erected, and that
" every eiTort should ])e resorted to. to render them the most finished speci-
mens of architectural beauty and elegance." He thought that nothing could
have^ a more powerful tendency to elevate the mass of the people than the
free intercourse of all classes amid such beautiful surroundings. He believed
that the revenue from the ferries would increase enormously with the grow^th
of New York, and make their acquisition a most profitable one for the cit\-.

[n case. Ill )\vc\ (,T, tlic ( "« irporatii m >>\ New Xnvk \< unal)le to su])i)I\ the
re(|uisite ca])ilal at once, he said that ""two gentlemen of undoubted credit"
(John Jacolj Aslor and Dr. l)a.\id I losack) oil'er to fniance the scheme. And
he himself was willino^ to "superintend gratis all operations nccessar\ for
carr\ ing the C( )ntemplated inipi"o\ enients into ellect."

A Scheme Which Almost Altered Our History.

( )ne ni( ire instance of C'olonel John .Ste\ens"s far-sighted genius must he
cited: He drew np a project tor an elexated railway, to start from the Balterv
in New 'S^ork. pa>s u]> ( Ireenwich or Washington street until opposite llobo-
ken. wluii it was lo tuiai and cros■^ the lltulson rix'cr to liohoken. and continue
()\er llergen Mill to /Little halls i mi the I'assaic ri\er. Another account of
:his ])r(i_iect says that the ra.ilway was lo go all the wa\' to I Miiladelphia and
Washington. The Hudson ri\i.'r bridge was to carry ])a>>engers and teams.
i'.s well as the iail\\a\. and was to ser\e also as an aqueduct to coun'c}' pure
lersev water to New "^'ork.

Development of the Ferry.

A histor\' 111 lloboken can scarcely be com])letel\- disass( iciated from
the name of Ste\ens — to this laniily the city owes nnich. It wa> hei-e on
this ferry in iSii, that John Stevens ran the hrst steam ferrxboat, the
Julianna., his own iuA'ention, and the first steam ferryboat in the world.
In Blunt's Strangers" (iuide to New \'ork, 1817. we find this notice:

TO HOBOKEN.

"A steam ferry boat sails from the bottom of Mnn'a\- street e\ er\- half
hour from sunrise to sunset, hare J shilling.

"Carriages from $1.00 to $1.50.

"A sail boat for the same ])lace starts from the bottom of .spring Street.
Fare I2)^c."

It is interesting to know that tor some t'uie these boats were run b\- the
clock in the steeple of St. Paul's Church. In those da_\s the ferry landing-
was at N'esey street. In 1817 it was mo\ ed to Murray street, and in iSiS to
Barclay street, its i)resent site.

|ohn Stevens died in iH^iS and was succeeded by his son, Robert L.
Steve;is, who was considered (Mie of the g;reatest American engineers of his
dav. He not only built machinery for st(iamboats, but modeled their liulls
as well, a.nd he succeeded in attaining unheard of speeds with them. He did
nt)t confine his attention to steambc^ats alone, btit was most snccessful as a
designer of ^•achts, and his masterpiece, the .Maria, launidied in 1843. a.t
Hoboke'",, was the fastest sailing craft afloat ruid could more than hold he'-
own with most of the steam \-essels of her time.

A Resort for Notable New Yorkers.

lohn lacob Astor, known as the richest American of his time, became a
ixsident of Hoboken, taking up his abode in the .A.stor \'illa, a building wdiich
still stands (though greatly altered) on the southwest corner of \\'ashington
a.nd Seciiud streets. He mingled freely v/ith the throngs of pleasure seekers
who frequented the "Green" and " Ri\er \\ alk."

William Cullen Bryant referred to this "Kixer Walk" as one of the nn)st
iieautiful in America. Here, too, came Madam Jnmel, a noted figure of the
erirh- histor\- of New \'ork. Fitz-Greene Halleck, the poet and wit, also
s])ent mtich of his time here. Washington Irxing and Martin \"an lUiren,

too, oflLii crossed du tlic icri}- to \isit tlicir friend, Aster, at his palatial
mansion on the " Green."'

The millionaire and his literarv friend Vv^cre often seen driving: or walking*
ii; llohoken, and thev were both \cry jiopular in a score of Dutch homesteads
about town.

Not only to Ilalleck, lr\in_g; and fJryant ha\e the woods of Castle Point
and the Klysian l*"icl(ls furnished inspiration; but many of the actors and
authors familiar lo (lid Xew York, could be seen daily strolling- along- the
river bank nr in the syhan solitudes of Hoboken's forest glades,

The March of Commerce.

l!ul the perfection of the steam ferryboat, and the advent of the steamship
decided the future of Hoboken and slowly but surely its rural beauties disap-
peared before the march of commerce. All that remains to us now of its
former beauty are the present grounds at Castle Pt)int. most of which have
been recently acquired by Stevens Institute and thus fortunately preserved
to the generations of the future. ( )n the "River Walk" if one cares to in-
vestigate Sxbil's Cave may still be seen, but access to it can be gained only
by courtesy oi the prt^prietor of the cafe which is built at the foot of the bluff
— as the cave itself is entirel}- hidden by the building. It is used as a sort of
wine cellar at present.

On Bloomtield street, between Eleventh and Twelfth in the plr)t of ground
owned by Mr. F. (i. Himpler, one may still see several large trees, the la^t of
the wooded splendor of the Elysian Fields : "The picturesque village" on the
banks of the Hudson opposite New York has given way to the "Mile Square
City" that shelters 7f),ooo peoi)le of e\'ery known race and creed, and whose
occupations are more diversified than in any city of America.

The shore-front along which Hudson coasted in his little Half Moot:
three hundred and two years ago. and which later witnessed the development
of the steamboat, and still later, the speed contests l)etween many of America's
fleetest sailing yachts, is now the docking place for some of the largest steam-
ships afloat — here, too. a large proportion of the merchandise which enters
and leaves the port of New York is handled — while the great tide of travel
ebbs and flows unceasingly.

Our city is rich in memory and tradition from Henry Hudson down, and
it is associated closely with the beginning and devek)pment of so much that
has made America what it is to-day — the steamboat, the railroad, the iron-
clad warship and the fleet pleasure _\acht ; such a cit\- should command a
place in the affection of every inhabitant.

Outline of Events.

No less interesting is the history of the city's rapid growth in population
and industries — though nothing more than a brief outline can be attempted
here.

Hoboken's existence as an incorporated city began on March 28, 1855; at
that time the population numbering 6.727; we celebrated our semi-centenniai
in 1905 with 65,468 population. After its creation as a city the events of
importance might be set in order as follows-^in 1855 the first stage route
was established; in 1857 the first water mains were laid; in 1858 School No. i
was opened.

The first year of the Civil W^ar saw horse cars on Washington street. In
1862 Numl)er 2 School was opened; in 1863 came the construction of the
Erie Railroad, and the riots in connection therewith. The Hamburg-American
Line was also established here in the same year. In 1865 the establishment

of the First National Bank — in the early seventies, the opening- of School No.
3, and Stevens Institute — in the late seventies, the improvement of Hudson
and Church Squares and the building of Number 4 School.

In the eig-hties the elevator lift and elevated road were built to the liill;
the citv fathers moved into the new City Hall; then came the construction
of the West Shore Railroad along- the Hillside, the opening- of the 14th Street
Ferry, the organization of the Second National l)ank, and the opening of
School No. 5.

In the vears between 1F90 and 1900 we note the f)rganization of the
Hudson Trust, the building of School No. 6, the organization of the paid
Fire Department, the construction of the Hudson County Boulevard, the
horse cars superseded l)y the trolley, No. 7 School dedicated, the Trust Com-
pan\' of N. j. formed and the elevator lift at 19th street ])Ut in o]^eration.

The years from 1900 to the present tituc are marked by the establi>hment
of the Hudson Trust, the inception of the P.oard of Trade, o])cning of School
No. 8, the formation of the jetTerson Trust Co., the conipletion of School No.
9, the (,])ening of the Hudson Tunnels, the comjiletion of the new ferry
terminal and Lackawanna Station, the Hudson Fulton CYdebration and the
opening of the new High School, and but recently the completion of new
School No. I and the organization of the Columbia and Steneck Trust Ct)m-
panies and the erection of the Factory Terminal loft building, the first of a
series of terminal factt)ry l)uildings to be constructed in units and which when
completed will enable the city of lloboken to oiTer industrial ad\antages
une(|ualled an\\vliere in the country.

Saijnnu^

>*^ .\\'( )NNE, originall\- ])art of Bergen Township, was made an indepen-
4|a (lent mnnieii)ality hy legi->lati\e enactment in 1857. Messrs. A. D.
^^^ Alellick. Jacol) A. \ an lldni, Jacol) M. Vreeland. Hartman Vreeland
and l-".gl)erl Wauters were appointed to serve on tlie first commission to
-nr\e\ and la\- out streets and avenues. Then Bayonne occupied a strip of
land extending' from 30th Street to 3Sth Street and from New York Bay to
Newark ila\ . 1 1 was first desig-nated a.s the Township of Bayonne.

The name Uaxonne was taken from tlie hrench city of the same name
and was un(|ue>lional)l\- selected because of the situation of the new munici-
jialitx' between two l)ays.

l\)v a. consideral)le j^eriod of its histor}- Ba}onnc had to contend wdth
serious ol:)Stacles in the building up of its population. Up to the beginning"
of the Ci\il War in i8C)i, it is doubtful whether there were more than four
or five hundred people residing there. In 1870 the population was 3.834; in
1880, 9,37^; in 1885, 13.006; in 1890, 19,033; in 1900, ^2./ 22; in 1905, 42.000;
and 1910. 55.345. Even today Bayonne has not come int(3 the full prosperity
or populative strength justified b_\' her en\'iable natural advantages. The
real growth of the city dates back to 1869 when it was chartered.

On A^an Boskerck's Point, a strip of rolling land of sandy character with
marshes intervening which jutted into New York Bay to the north of Con-
stable Hook, was built the first house in Bayonne. It was the home of one
branch of the \'an Boskerck family "who, generation after generation, tilled
the soil as farmers, assisted by slave labor, and marketed their surplus pro-
ducts at the growing city of New York." They made the trip in what was
known as a "pieranza," a type of boat somewhat similar to a schooner without
jib or topsails. The old homestead remained in the \'an Boskerck family
until it and the land surrounding was purchased by the Standard Oil Compau}-.

Constable Hook, at the UKtuth of the Kill xon Kull, and lying opposite
New Brighton, S. I., was granted to jacobson Ro}', a gunner of Fort Amster-
dam. It derived its name from the fact that Konstable was the title for
gunner and Hocke meant Point — hence Constable Hook, or Gunner's Point.
It contained about 300 acres and has since grown to be the nucleus of a
thrix'ing cluster of oil and other industries. Rov received a patent for the
lands in March, 1646, and in if)54 patents were issued for lands between
Cemoneijas and the Kilvankol. \\'ithin this grant was Pamra])o, then called
Pemrept)gh, now a [jortion of the Third ward of Bayonne.

Early Growth Retarded.

As one monograph on the founding of Bayonne says. "The earlv growth
of the settlement'' was much retarded by the unfriendly attitude of the In-
dians who had been incensed by the treatment the}' had received from the
Dutch at Xew Amsterdam.

"TIk- hai'liardus atlacks upnn ihc isolated I'ann houses scattered over
this territory coiii|)i'11l'(1 the inhabitants to fly for shelter to New Amsterdam,
and their houses wei^e hurned and ealtle di-ixen olT. i'"or a nund)er of \'ears
it was unsafe lor tlu'in to retuin lo llieir larnis and i-elniild — after the troubles
with the Indians had subsided, this seetion of the country became ag'aiu
inhabitated by the farm owners and b}- others who came with them, until
clusters of houses, biull near each other lov nnUual ])roie(-lion, formed ihem-
sehes into \illages or hamlets. ( iradually the Indian disappeared from tills
locality, withdrawing- to tlu' interior where he could not be molested 1)\' the
intrusiAC while, d he forests were cleared and as farms were extended the
p(ipn]al](in increased." ,

Ai^ain in the "( holera year" in the v:u-\y ^o's the population was deci-
mated. I he contagion in this localit\' was expla.ined b\- some as the result
ol the thi-( iwim;- oxerboard Ironi plague stricken shi])s in the harbor, bedding"
or other articles which were carrit'd int(i the shore b\- the tide.

Itayonne was divided intii four settlements, at this time, one at Bergen
I'oint tiear the Stateii Uland ferry which was at lirst ])ro])elled b\- horse
]>o\\c'r; another and possibh the oldest settlement, at (dnstal)le llook where
about li\e or six families clustered; the third at (,'entre\i]le wdiere a mnuber
o| liouses were ,<;'roU])ed around the C(iuntr_\' store, located near what is now
the corner ol _'_'nd street and Axenne 1) or llroadwax' ; and the fourth al
I 'aiurepougdi.

( )iie of the features of the settlement at Constable Nook was the old
tidal luill located on a tidal creek near the i>resenl site of the ().\ford Copper
Company's AA^irks. Here were ground the wdieat. rye and buckwheat of
the farms of Bergen Xeck and Statcn Island. It was known as Terhune's
Alill.

The first factor\' to be erected in thi> district was the IJergeu INiint
Cop])er Company, i)rior to 1848 — "now," as one historian sa\ s. "ddie whole
Hook is covered with the tanks and stills of the Standard ( )il (onipany."

On Constable Hook in the earlv days were gathered the fa.rms of the
A'reelands. A'an liuskirks and reidumes.

The earliest inhabitants subsisted at first b^' tradir.g with the Indian^,
farming wdiere lands could be casih- cleared, and fishing and o\ steriug- ,\s
the timber land was gradualK- cleared awa\- agriculture became the sta])le
in(lustr\-. the commons, or common land being turned over to the resiilents
for cattle grazing ])ur])oses.

Bayonne During the Revolution and the Civil War Periods.

W hen Admiral Howe's fleet came to anchor ofi' the mouth of the Kill
\ on Kull in the Revolution. Bayonne. or that district which is now Ba}t)nne,
became a stragetic point in the mo\-ements of the Colonial troops. Cieueral
.Mercer, fearing an attack from Staten Island, wdiere the Mritish troops had
been landed from the warshi])s, placed a guard of 500 men at Bergen Neck
on |ul\ 4. i77'>. Later this force was augumentcd by part of the Pennsyl-
vania militia. During some of the skirmishes that ensued it is sui)i)osed that
the English troops managed to occupy Constable Hook. When the British
invested New York the Continental troops withdrew from this part of Jersey
and the Tnry and English troops succeeded them. Vnvi Dclancey. on Bergen
Neck w^as used as an outpost by the Tory forces. The fort was located
according to one historian, "On the high ground near the old homestead of
Hartman X'reeland about at 52nd street, west of Avenue C." This home-
stead was torn down onlv a few years ago.

Sla\erv exi.^lcd among Uie more prominent families of the district for
some time after 1800. A number of acts were then passed l)y the legislature
penalizing slave holders and in 1846, it was abolished entirely. In 1790
I'ergen County, of which Hudson County was then a part, had 2300 slaves.
In 180a there were 12,300. This numl)er was gradually reduced until in 1840
there were only 674. Some of the descendants of these slaves still live in
Bayonne. .\s thev assumed the names of the families by whom they were
held in manv cases, scMiie of their progeny still go by the name of \^an Horn
and \'a.n lUiskirk.

.\l the outbreak of the Civil War the district contributed a company of
militia to the Union forces. This was known as the "Close Light Guards,"
in honor of |()sei)h ?>. Close, a wealth}- i)ro])erty owner who pro\'ided most
of the money ior the equi])ment. The captain was John J. A^an Buskirk who
was afterwards jiromoted to major. Under his command the contingent
formed a i)art of the Second New jersey \'olunteers and went to the front
in April. 1861.

The Development of a Great Manufacturing Centre.

The (k'xelopments of Bayonne from a district of farms to its present
importance as a manufacturing centre is closely interwoven with the de-
\elopment of its roads and transportation facilities. The first road through
Bergen Neck was located on the westerly side near Newark Bay and parallel
theretc), west of what is now the Boulevard or Avenue A. In several places
this road is still unol)litera.ted. Then the Bergen Road was laid, which be-
came afterwards the Plank Road, known as the Jersey City and Bergen Point
Plank Road. Constructed by a stock company, it continued a toll road until
the incorporation of the city.

The Kings Highway, from Paulus Hoeck to Bergen Point, was laid out
in 1764. This road became part of the stage route between New York and
F'hiladelphia. The means of conveyance on this route was a co\ered Jersey
wagon without springs. In spite of its name, "The Flying Machine," it took
three days to make the trip.

The first means of conveyance between Bergen Point and Jersey C ity
was a stage coach. The Bergen Road was laid in 1796.

A steamboat line, running to Newark was established about 1840. Later
on other boats were run to Elizabethport, Perth Aniboy and Sotith .\mboy.
Before the construction of the Central Railroad from Elizabeth to Jersey
City, a ferry was operated from Elizabethport to New York, affording the
residents of the Bergen Point section comparatively quick transportation to
New York.

Until the construction of the "Dummy Railroad" by the Jersey City and
Bergen Railroad Company, about i860, the only means of conveyance from
Centre^ille to Jersey City was a local stage route established by Jacob
Merseles and afterwards operated by George Anderson. The starting point
of this route was the Mansion House, corner of the Hook Road and the
Plankroad.

Bayonne in the earl_\- da}'s was a summer resort of some popularitv. Here
fashionable New Yorkers spent their week-ends and the Mansion House had
its fill of patrons over Saturday night and Sunday.

In i860 the Jersey City and Bergen Railroad began its operations. The
original line ran from the Jersey City Ferry to Bergen Hill but branches to
Pavonia Ferry and Bergen Point were added later. The cars used on this
load were combination steam cars and locomotives. A train consisted of Init
<'ne car, the forward part occupied by the steam engine and the rear part by
♦^he passenger compartment.

Ra\iiniK' enjoyed its first real traiisportalion facilities, however, with
the hiiihhng- of the Central Railroad of New Jersey which first ran between
Bayonne and h'lizaheth and other towns to the west. Now three railroad
systems, connecting- I>ayonne with every part of the country, operate within
the limits of the city. These are the New Jersey Central, the rennsvhania
and the Lehigh \ alley.

Another im])ortant link in the connection of l)ayonne with its neighbor-
ing municipalities was the erection of the britlge between f^ayonne and Eli/.a-
beth])ort across Newark Hay. The work was beg"uii in i(S6i and hnished in
1865 and cost $^:;_7.653.

Today liayonne's industries include the plants of the Standard Oil Com-
])an\ . the Tidewater ( )il Company, Pacific Coast P)orax Comi)any, the Oxford
Cop])er C'ompanw the (General Chemical Comi)aiiy. llabcock iv Wilcox Co..
Safetv Insulated W'iin' and (able Com])any, Kediiig llayoime Steel Casting'
Companv. I'dectric Laiuicli ( imi])any and many other concerns whose names
are known all o\er the couii1r\, together with scores of smaller manufacturing
concerns.

Nor is l'>a\(inne lacking in the lianking facilities to meet the exacting
demands of its industries. The banking institutions are well scattered so as
to sui)i)l\- the needs of the various districts. The Mechanics Trust Com])any
and the iUnonne Trust Company are located at the southerly or liergen
point vnd ; the F'irst National Bank, in the U])i)er i)art of the city at the corner
of Thirtv-third street and Broadway where it is convenient to the chief resi-
dential section, and the City Bank, in the central district at Twenty-second
street and Broadway.

5Jnrth luitanu

S r* )\\\ al\va\s has its iiitcrcstinj^- side and sidclig-hts. North Hudson
iia.s main- plcasini^- tilings to mark its (Uiwanl march since that day

^^ when llenry Hudson's Half Moon anchored ni the cove just below
the projecting- ele\ation of King's woods and north of Hoboken. North
Hudson's historx jjroperh beg-ins with the advent of the Half Moon in Wee-
ha.wken C'o\e, and with the townshii) beo-ins in the ])roper way the story of
the i^rowlh and development of the northern end of the county.

Weehawken.

Wechawken. kn<iwn variously as W'hehocken, W'eehawk and W'eehauk
won a ])lace in histoi-\- as a famous duelling ground in wdiich men of national
fame took i)art. Ilal'leck, the ])oet. gave the town a place in literature when
h.e sang of its beantie- in the following language.

"Weehawken, in th\' mountain scener}' yet.

All we adore of nature, in her wild
And fi-olic hour of infanc}' is met;

.And ne\er has a summer morn smiled upon a holier scene.

Tall spire and glittering roof and battlement.

And banners floating in the summer air.
And white sails o'er the calm blue waters l)end

( ireen isle and circling shore are blended there.

In wild realitw W hen life is old
And man_\- a scene forgot, the heart will hold
Its menu ir_\- < >i thee."

It was its duelling ground on the water front that ga\e to Weehawken
an unenxiable fame long before it became a town of itself, and it was in Wee-
hawken cove, just north of Hctboken, wdiere llenr\- Hudson- cast anchor before
sailing up the ri\er that bears his name. A short distance north of this
anchorage was located the duelling ground. This place could only be ap-
])roached by boat from X^ew York.

1die most famous duel ever fought at this historic spot was that on Jul}'
II. 1804, between Aaron Burr and Alexander Mamilton, in which the latter
was killed and Burr as a result was for years thereafter a wanderer on the
face of the earth, hax'ing gone to Europe, and spending the greater part of
his time in France and England. This was Burr's second duel at Weehawken.
he having fought a duel with Hamilton's In'other-indaw, Mr. Church, on
Sc]:)teml)er J, 1799.

On November 23, iSoi, Alexander Hamilton's eldest son, I'hili]) llamil-
ton, was shot and killed at the Weehawken duelling ground by George I.
(backer, a New York lawyer. On the day before, November 22. Cacker
fought a duel at the same place with one Mr. Price, a comj)anion of I'hilip
Hamilton's, so that it would seem that the spot was one of e\-il omen to the
Han-iilton famih".

Other duels recorded as having taken i)la.ce in A\'eehawken bet^veen
prominent public men of the time were as follows: John Langstaff and ( )li\er
Waldron, Jr.. December 25, 1801 ; DeWitt Clinton and John Swartout, July

-i,\. 1802; Richard Jviker and I\i>l)crt Swartout, Novem])er _'i, 1X03: Isaac
(iouvernour and W. I!. Maxwell, July 10, 1815: Benjamin rriec and .Major
Cjreen, a British army officer, May J 2, 1816.

Stephen Trice, a brother of Benjamin, some time later overhearing^-
("a])lain Wilson speak disparai^inoly of the rricc-( Ireen affair. chalU-n^etl
Wilson lo tight at W'eehavvken. Wilson was killed.

The last famous duel of vvhicdi there is record was fought October 19,
1835. between Henry Aitken and 'rimnias Sherman.

The W'eehawken ferry started sometime before 1700, the exact da.te
cannot be learned, ddie first record of the ferry is found on January 26. 1716.
On March 15, 1859, the mosf famous section of North Hudson became a town-
ship, and its .growth in ])opulation, commercial and social im])orta.nce has kept
pace with its ra])id rise in the annals ot' local history.

Guttenberg

It l)ehoo\'ed the residents ot' the extreme nurlheiMi end iil' ihe i-i>nnt\ to
get busy. They caught the s])irit of the times, tlonie Rule in a mo(lilied t'orni
caug-ht their fancy, and they, the few ea.rly settlers, decided that thev could
run a full-sized town. The town was small in area but big- in enthusiasm, and
in 1859 it became a town in pro])er legal form, and todav it stands as in
matter of seniority, the second town in North Hudson. A bustling, busy
nuuiici])ality, its prog-ress has been g-reat, its future bright ennugh to i)lea.se
the grand chief of the optimist class.

Born in Wein Stube.

It was in 1851, when New York City had a population of 520,000, that
a number of ( lerman-Americans who were in the habit of freciuenting- a
wein stube in the l)a.sement of a building- on the Bowery near Stanton street,
decided that the city was becoming- too crowded for themselves and their
lamilies to li\e in comfort, ddiose good old German-Americans, nifist of them
eni])loyed 1)\ the Hoe Company at (irand street and East P)roadwa.\-, New
York, decided that they would seek more congenial surroundings. It was
on Sunday afternoon in the early springtime that a few of the employees,
among- them John Pleikhardt, \i>n£:; a respected resident of Union Hill, hired
a boat and crossed the Hudson.

The visitors clambered as best they could to the top of the bluff' and
then before them stretched to tb.e far w'est a l)eautiful plateau of farms and
W( M xlland.

llere was the ideal home land I'or themselves and their families. Here
should they, if i)ossible. build their homes and raise their families far fi-oni
ihe maddning crowd ol" that half million that crushed and crowded the city.

A btiilding and loan association was organized among the lloe em •
l)loyees in that Bowery wein stube, and tints Union Mill was born. The
'last member of that association to pass away was Mr. Tliekhardt.

On March 29, 1864, Union Mill became a town and for many years all its
official business was transacted and the records were held in the (German
language. It was only in the early '70's when the tirst horse cars began to
run between the town and the ferries to New York. At that time all resi-
dents of West New York and Guttenberg had an hour's travel afoot to get
home after leaving the car.

North Bersen

to^

The parcel of all the iiiunicipaliliL'S in Xorlh Hudson became itself a
township on Febriiar\ lo. 1843. having" been set off at that time from the
township of lU'rgen, and was named tlie Townslii]) of Xorth Bergen. In its
early days the township included all of Xorth Hudson and a great part of
what today is Jersey ("itw From time to time section after section seceded
and formed inde])endent towns until now the once far-spreading tow'nship is
limited mainly lo a long stretch of land west of the Boulex'ard and extending
from the |erse\ C'it\ boundary line to Bergen County.

Xew Durham, one of the most populous sections of the township was
up to 1803 known a.s the Alaisland. and here was located "'The Three
Pigeons." a ta\ern known before the Rex'oluticMi to many wa}"farers and
was a popular jdace of call among those who loved a spin behind fast trotters
along the cotmtry roads. Another interesting place in the township was the
mice famotis Frenchman's (iardens, located where Alacphelah cemeter_\- is
toda}-. Andre Michaux. who was a noted botanist, came to this country
from his nati\"e France, bearing with him a letter of introdtiction from the
.Marquis de La Fayette to George W ashington. Michaux sought the ])ri\i
lege of securing land where he might plant and experiment with flowers and
n"ees. As an alien he was granted the right to ha^"e a tract of land not to
exceed 200 acres. The western slope of the hill at New Durham attracted
his attention and there he settled. It was from this s|:)Ot that the L(^mbard
poplar trees spread all over this countrw

Today the townshi]) is one of the most prosperous in Xorth Hudson;
the meadow lands along the Hackensack \alley have been largely filled in
and manufacturing plants of many kinds are located there. It has time and
again been suggested that the Hackensack river should be dredged to a
suflicient depth to permit of its being made navigable for vessels in the coast
and trans-Atlantic trade. Should this be accomplished. North Bergen would
become a great commercial and manufacturing centre.

West Hoboken.

It has long been the proud boast of the residents of this municipality
that it is the biggest town in the United States. It became a township set
off from North Bergen in 1861. and for many years it languished along as a
little village with no great promise of a vigorous and rapid growth. The
A illage w^as located in the vicinity of the Paterson Plankroad,' and the few
residents wdio settled in the northern end of the town had a long and drearv
walk through farm and woodlands to go to the village.

The United States government used the commons in the centre of the
town as a camping ground m the early years of the Civil AVar, and manv
volunteers were there given their first taste of military life. The woodlands
in the northern end of the town for many years thereafter furnished good
sport for rabbit hunters wdio shouldered their guns and went after the
wherewithal to provide themselves and their friends with hasenpfeffer. There
are many residents alive today wdio went hunting in these woods as recentlv
as the earlier 70's. Many of the old homesteads stood in the midst of ex-
tensive grounds up until the 8o's were well advanced. Open water courses
were common features of the landscape.

Late m the 8o"s there came a building boom, woods w'ere cut down :
farms Avere swept away and homesteads gave way before the onward march
of the awakened town. The commons were no more; streets were laid out
and the village began to spread itself out northward. In 1868 an effort was
made to have the town consolidate with and become a part of fersev Citv.

This pre ipi isitii 111 was ^uhiiutU'd In llu' xotcrs iil W c>l I h ilx ikcn, and llic\'
defeated the plan. In 1SS4 llu- ti>\\iisliip Inrni of i^ONcrnment canu' t(i an
end and West llol^oken l)ecamc incorporated as a tt)wn. In the earl\- da\s
as a townslii]) the ^overninq- Ixxly consisting of three members met at tlieir
homes and hitei" in a hotel on I'alisade avenue. The lirst town hall was a
small frame slinK'tui'e scarcely large enough lo seat conifortahK- a dozen
pers( ins.

Today the town is up to date in e\ ery respect. It has lirst class schools,
elficient police and lire de])art ments. 'ihe streets are all ])aved and the sewer
SNstem is one that will he ahle to meet the needs of the town for man\-
\ears to come.

West New York.

Ha])|)y is the town whose history is short, is a saying that \ery aptly
a]iplies to this town. ()nl\- within the past few _\ears has West W'w N'ork
bestirred itself and began to make its own history. In these modern daws the
!)uilder and I'eal estate men are hustling, and as a result of their activities
the town is now ra])idl\ taking its ]ilace as one ol the mi»st tiji-tf i-date nui-
nici])alities in Xorth Hudson.

There was a time wdien instead of the hum of the loom and the stead\
I'attle iif machiner}- in all kinds of factories, there was only to be heard the
1a]) of tlie blockmaker's hammer. W ithin the jiast ten \ears the fields were
laid out in blocks, streets were made and paved, ami then came the l)uilder.
The town fathers went slow and noted the mistakes of their neighboring
towns. In this wav thev avoided the undesiral)le things and took ad\antage
of the good things made and done.

West New York has grown more rajudly in the past five years than an\'
other town in the northern eiul of the county. P>uildings are going U]) as it
b\- magic, and the growth of jKipulatiou i> keeping pace with the provision
made for them. As a manufacttu'ing centre it is fast coming to the In int.

The foregoing is necessarih a brief outline ot the beginnings ot the
several towns in North Iludstin. As ma\- be noted, the entire northern end
of the countv began as one town and now a new ]>age of history is al)out to
be written. For some time there has been a mo^•ement on foot to bring
North lludson back to the i)oint where it began, and make the northern end
of the county (jue city. This movement began about half a century after the
process of breaking up into small towns took form. With consolidation will
come the o])ening cha])ter of the real histor^• of this section of the ccuuity.

11. M.\CPHERSON.

yjf^jiii » y /yTVTvyt/-r Jt j:e

Slam

^r TTF. importance of the proper administration of justice has been recognized
||L from the earHest times. When our forefathers adopted our constitu-
^^ tion. they made the judicial department one of the three great branches
of our government. The same is true of the organization of our own state.
There is no doubt but that some of the early decisions of the Supreme Court
of the United States did much to inspire public confidence and to insure the
i)er])etuit}' of our nation. The names of the great jurists who contributed to
these decisions are foimd high upon our country's roll of honor. Xotwitli-
standing some criticisms that have been made from time to time, the courts
are looked upon as the great bulwark of protection to the mass of our citizens.
Here the oppressed can come for relief; here those who have wrongs to right
can come for redress; here all alike can look for protection against robbery
and ars(tn and for protection against those who would violate the sanctity of
their homes or do injurv to their propertv or person.

A sacred dut_\' rests u])oii those who have in their keeping the adminis-
tration of justice, whether ihey sit as judges upon the bench c^r appear as
counsel to explain the law and assist these judges in the due administration
of justice. It should be considered an honor to appear in either of these
capacities; and those whf) do so should have due appreciation of their re-
sponsibility and act with the determination that through no act of theirs
shall the just opinion of our courts be lowered or justice be betrayed.

The members of the bar of this county have been leaders, too. in other
walks of life. They have adorned literature with the products of their pen.
They have been in the vanguard of those whose voices have been raised on
the public platform in condemnation of wrong and in pioneering these great
reforms that have contributed from time to time to our advancement and
betterment. In times of peace they have served our state and nation from
the more humble capacities to the greatest oflice that our people can give.

JOHN 1). PIERSON.

3l0ltu i. p^rBOu.

^d ()\\\ D. PIERSON, lawyer, at 95
^| River Street, ITo])()ken, was bom
^-^ near Johnsonlnirg-, Warren County,
X. ].. January 30. 1871. His parents were
jtihii W . a.nd lumice E. Pierson. He was
educated in the pul)lic scliools of Warren
Cdunt}- and ])re])ared for college at Blair
Academy, graduating- at the head of
his class as valedictorian. He entered
Lafayette College, graduating with honor,
again being valedictorian. While at college
he secured several prizes in scholarship and
oratory and was elected a member of the
honorary IMii IJeta I\ap])a.

Leaving cc^llege he taught for three
years, one in the historic Cumberland
X'allev, Penns^dva.nia, and two in the

Washington, X.

High School. He

then took up the study of law with Judge
(leorge M. Shipman at Belvidere. He
was admitted to the bar in 1900 and sub-
sequentlv graduated from the New^ York Law School. He has practiced in
Hoboken e\er since.

He has ahvays been active as a Republican and has stuiuped in various
campaigns. He was prominent in the first fight for commission government
in Hoboken and helped in preparing the pro])osed new charter for that city.
He was one of the first to agitate a pubhc playground for Hoboken and
through his talks before societies and clubs helped ar(nise the sentiment re-
sponsible for the purchase of St. George cricket grounds as a county park.

Mr. Pierson is a past master of Masons, a past noble grand of Odd Fellows,
a member of the Encampment and Rebekah Lodge of Odd Fellows, elder of
the First l^resbyterian Church and superintendent of the nethesda Sunday
■School.

3lnl|u AUun1 Hair

aOHX ALBERT BLAIR,
for tifteen years judge
of the Court of Com-
mon rieas, (General Quarter
Sessions, and ( )ri)hans' Court
of the Count}' of 1 ludson, was
born near lUairstown, X. J.,
jnly 8, 1842, his ] arents i:e-
ing jolin II. Hair and Mary
(Angle) lUair, of Knowlton
I'ownshi]), iW'arrt'it County.
X. j. His ancestors sprang-
from the noted Blair family
of IJlair-Athol. Perthshire.
Scotland, whence they came
to this country in 1720.
settling in Pennsylvania and
N^ew Jersey.

Among tlie;u were broth-
ers, Samiel and John lUair,
both of whom were edu-
cated at the Log College of
the Xeshaminy under the
celebrated William Tennant.
They became distinguished
ministers of the Presbyterian
cluirch.

Re\'. Samuel Blair, the
second, declined the presi-
dency of the College of New jersey (Princeton) which was offered him. The
Rev.'john Blair was ordained" pastor of Big Spring, Middle Spring and Rocky
Spring in the Cumberland V'alley in 1742. In 1767 he became professor of
divinity and nmral philosophy at Princeton and was acting president of the
college until the accession of Dr. W'itherspoon in 1769. He died in 1771.

W bile this branch of the famil\- was devoting its work to the ministry and

the dissemination of knowledge, another was molding the connnerce which has

since become one of the mainstays of the State of New Jersey. In the latter

])art of the eighteenth century another Samuel l!lair was sent by a Philadel])hia

firm to take charge of the iron industry at Oxford Furnace in Warren County.

N. L This Samuel lUair was the great-great-grandfather of Judge John A. Blair.

judge Blair's rudimentary education was obtained in the public schools of

his native place and he prepared for college at the Blairstown Presbyterian

Academy. He entered the College of New Jersey at Princeton and graduated

in 1866. At the close of his college term he began the study of law with Hon.

J. Cr. Shi])man at Ijelvidere. X. j. He was admitted to the bar as an attorney

in June. iSrxj, and as counsellor in June. 1872. In 1870 he came to lersey

City, where he has ever since resided, and took up the practice of his profession.

( )n the ])assage of the law creating district courts in lersev Citv

Bennington F. Randolph and John A. Blair were appointed the first judges

thereof. In May. 1885. Mr. Blair became corporation counsel of Jersey C"it\-.

lie resigned in 1889. He was reappointed in 1894 and served until 1898,

\vhen he resigned to accept the appointment to the Common Pleas Court.

judge Blair, until his accession to the bench, was an active Republican.
I le attends the I^resbyterian Church, is a member of the Union League Club,
tlie University Club and the Princeton Clul). all of Hudson County. He is a
(brector of the Hudson (duntv Xational liank.

ISnbrrt QIareu

iS7_'.

( )i;i:k r CAkl^N'. judge of the Court
of ('(iiumon Pleas, 1908-19 13, was
liorn in jersey City, Septenilicr t6,
V-- iJi-s parents were Thomas and l^hza-
l)etli Carey. Since entering puhhc hfe he
lias advanced in the esteem and councils
ot the men looking for municipal and state
hctterment and ])urity in politics. Edu-
cated in the ])uhlic schools of Jersey City,
Ik was graduated from the Xew York Law
School in 1893, admitted to the bar in Xew
jersex in 1893, ^o the bar in Xew York in
i<)(j(S. and \o practice in all the United,
States courts.

His political activities have been Re-
publican. Ide was corporation atlorney of
Jersey Cit\-. i(;o3-i9o8; member of the
State Hoard of Taxation, 1908; judge of
tlie Hudson Court of Common Pleas as be-
fore stated ; defeated as a candidate at the
Republican gubernatorial primary in 1913.
;ind was defeated for Congress in 191-' in a strong democratic district bv only
three hundred votes.

In sociological aiul charitable work he is prominent, being a trustee of
Christ Hospital, the (German Hospital .\ssociation. Home of the Homeless, the
Societ\- for the IVevention of Cruelt\- to Children, and the Jersey City Fresh
Air fund. Socially he is affiliated \\ith the Jersey City Club, the Carteret Cltib,
etc.. and fraternally he is a Mason and an Arcanian.

As an orator his services are much in demand. He has stumped the State
in the Republican campaigns of the past twent\- \ears and has lectured in X'ew
jersey, Xew York. Pennsylvania and the Eastern states on ■".Municii^ial (Govern-
ment" and "The Criminal Courts."

3.9

tUtam % Bpett

'*'<T '-^^ '"*■'" "" ^'^'^" '"-■'^'■"'i li'Lve l)cen more in ])ul)lic life tlian Judge William

^r 11. Speer of the C'ircuil Court in lludson County. His legal training

'^ has been such that he is particularly fitted to occupy a position of this

kind, he ha\ing much experience in practice, both as a private lawyer and

as Prosecutor of the Pleas.

judge Speer was born in Jersey City, ( )ctober 21, 1868. He was .educated
in liasbrduck Institute in Jersey City and at Columbia University in New
York Cit\. Me studied law at Columbia University Law School and the
office of John Linn in Jersey City. At the Nov.emlier term, 1891, he was
admitted to the bar of New Jersey and was made a counselor-at-law in
June. 1895.

After being admitted to the bar. Judge Speer became a member of the
law tirm of Linn (K: S])eer, his partner being Clarence Linn, a son of John
Linn, with whom the judge had previously studied. This partnership was
continued for a number of years. The firm was well known and reptitable
and it enjoyed a lucrative practice.

.\mong his fellow members of the Hudson County bar Judge Speer has
alwavs been ])opular. He was twice elected vice-president of the Hudson
Count \- P)ar Associatitm. He was president of the association in 1903 and
his administration of the office was such that it is still favorabl}' commented
upon among the members.

On February 8, 1903, Mr. Speer was first appointed Prosecutor of the
Pleas by Governor Franklin Murphy. He was confirmed as such bv the
.State Senate, dul}' qualified for the office and held the position with honor
to himself and profit for the people until 1907, when he was appointed by
(lovernor Edward C. Stokes to the Circuit Court bench to succeed judge
(diaries W. Parker, who had l)een promoted to the Supreme Court. This
appointment was made to fill an unexpired term, but in 1908. Governor
Fort appointed him for a full term and he still occupies the honorable position
in the judiciary of Hudson County.

Judge Speer, to the time of his appointment to the bench, was very
active in politics. He was and is an ardent Republican. Before his appoint-
ment he was much sought as a speaker during the stirring campaigns of
tormer days. Since his aj^pointment he has naturally not been so prominent
in politics, he believing that politics and the bench should be separated as
much as possible. This does not mean that he does not take a keen interest
in the vvelfare of his party, but that he does not allow that interest to preju-
dice his judicial ])()sition.

At the time of his appointment as judge he was the senior member of
the firm of Speer & Kellogg, his partner being Frederick S. Kellogg, also
well known to the bench and bar as an upright lawyer. Judge Speer's "circuit
includes Hudson County. His term will expire in 191 5.

Although occupying a judicial position, the judge ds fond of golfing,
automobiling and other open air pastimes. He is said to be an expert golfer
and is often seen on the links when the pressure of business in his cour*t will
permit him that pleasure. He and former Judge Carv are often opponents
at golfing and it is said to be nip and tuck between them.

l^mrt p. (iiantan

AMONG the lawyers of Hudson County foremost in their profession is
Pierre P. (Iar\an. of I)a\-onne, with ot^ces at 5H6 Newark avenue,
lerse}' City. Mr. (lar\an is a comparatixcly young- man. ha\ino-
scarceh' reached middle age, but ln' has l)een \ery sueeessful in tlie ])ractice
of his profession and is counted among the soHd men of the legal fraternitw
I'ierre P. Cai\an is a native of Hudson County. He has lived here a.ll
Ids life. He was jjoru in Ba_\-onne, Jmie 9, 1872. his ])an,'nts being" James and
h'.nnna (iarvan. among the highlx' respected residents of the South Hudson
cit\. He acciuircd his earl\- education in the schools ol his na.ti\e cilw heing

a graduate of the JJa\-onnt' High school.

^-)

l'^"om the lirst his education in law has hecn auspicious. He studied
in the offices of the Central Railroad of Xcw Jersey and took his degree at
the New ^'ork Law School. ( )n A])ril, iX»jS, he \va.s admitted to the New
Jersey bar as an attorney, and in I-'ebi-uary, 1901. as a eounselor-at-law.

Mr. Garvan is well studied on corporation law and that is his favorite
]M-a.ctice. He is attorney for the Standard Oil Com])an\- of New fersev. for
ihe \'acuum ( )il Company, the (irasselli Chemical Compan\ and se\eral other
of the largest corporations of the United States.

In his home city he is regarded as a substantial, solid citizen. He is
]>resident of the City Hank of Bayonne and is a director in a large nund)er of
corporations of which he is a stockholder, ddiese corporations are so num-
erous that he thinks it worth while n(~)t to detail them. None, however, are
of the nationally important t}'pe.

Pcditically Mr. (iarvan is a Republican. He has been signalh- honored
by his party in being twice elected mayor of his honre city, in 1905 and 1907,
after haxing been defeated when he first ran for the office in 1903. It speaks
\vell for his popularit}' wlien it is known that he received an increased vote
and maj\)rity at each of the elections. In 1908 he was appointed Prosecutor
of the Pleas l)y Governor Fort, an office he held with honor until his term
expired in February. 1914. W bile prosecutor he w^as called upon to inves-
tigate the beef trust, cold storage trust and count}' affairs.

He is a member of the Newark Bay Club and numerous other clubs and
organizations. ]Jolitical and social. Fraternally he is a Mason, in which fra-
ternity he has gone the route and is a member of Salaam Temple, Ancient
Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, of Newark. His home is modestlv
n])pointed residence at 65 West Fourth street, Bayonne. He owns consideral)le
])roperty in Bayonne and elsewhere and is considered as well-to-do.

Mr. (iar\an goes in a good deal for athletic sports. He is fond of base-
ball, football and anything of an athletic nature, barring golf. He can't see
the fun of a big man walking across field and hill and dale on a hot dav,
l)egging away wdth a big-headed stick against a ball which at times seems
smaller than a pea.

With all his legal, financial and sporting activities, Mr. Garvan finds time
to be a congenial companion, a home loving and lovable man, a citizen active
in aft'airs for the l)etterment of his home citv and count v, and an altog-ether
iisclul citizen. Much of the progress of Bayonne is due to his activities along
the lines of development and ])rogress. He moves in good social circles
and is admired and liked by no end of accpiaintances. He always has a heartv
hand shake for a friend and was never known to repudiate an agreement of
anv kind.

3lnli« 31. iHantpU

;3» Mi)Xc. the more i)r(imiiienl. al)lc and busy lawyers of Hudson County
7\ is lolin I. Marnell. wli.. for nearly twenty years passed has suceess-
"^^ \\\\\\ practic-ed la.\v. with a constantly growing clientele, in the Second
National liank building in Hoboken. He is acknowledged by bench and bar
as an able practitioner and his advice is often sought by influential clients,
'["o a large extent his is what is known as an "otfice business."

,M I. '^Marnell was admitted to the New Jersey bar in June, 1895. He
immediately established his office in its present location and has continued
there throughout his entire legal career to the present time. The character-
istics Ml" the man and his work may best be shown in his reply regarding
(lueries concerning his career. "Just say 1 am a busy lawyer." he says, "and

let that suffice."

b'riends and clients, however, are inclined to say more of him. He is
well read and studious. He keeps in touch with the technicalities of and
decisions in cases which affect a general legal practice. He takes pride in
his i)rotession and regards it as something higher than a mere means of
making a living. While standing well in his profession, he is not austere. He
is a good friend and congenial companion to those he likes. To possess his
friendshi]) is regarded by many as being akin to honor. He has served in the
Assembly at 'J'renton.

Mr. \larnell does not court pandering publicity. Neither does he want
the praise which expresses itself in platitudes. He would rather be called
''a good lawver than a good fellow." In an unostentatious and dignified
way he impresses one as being a man wdio believes his profession should not
be dishonored by questionable methods, even when these methods might lead
to more material success.

3lol|n iitltott

-^z ( )HN AHLTON. now corporation counsel of Jersey City, is one of the
A\ best known of the legal lights in Hudson County. He personally is
^-^ modest regarding himself and his attainments and it was with difficulty
that the data necessary for this article was obtained. Mr. Milton was born
in Jersey Citv. January 21, 1881, his parents being Charles J. and Catherine
Milton. He has lived' in Jersey City all his life. He received his earlier
education in Jersey City, attained his knowledge of the law there and was
admtted to the New Jersey bar and immediately settled dowai to the practice
of his profession th.ere.

From early manhood Mr. Milton always took an active interest in
municipal questions, especially those concerning his own particular neigh-
borhood. He fought hard to have the smoke nuisance of the railroads
running through the "Horseshoe" section of Jersey City eliminated and suc-
ceeded in having this done to an appreciable extent. Mr. Milton has the
I'ulldog tenacity to keep eternally at a thing when he knows he is right, and
it is this characteristic, coupled with the name he has made for himself, and
the general esteem in which he is held that found him his position as corpora-
tion counsel, his being truly a case of the office seeking the man. rather than
the man seeking the office.

Mr. Milton's practice has always been of the highest order and he is
regarded as an authority on civil and municipal law, as well as tm state and
federal legal matters. He is still a young man and has a splendid career before
him, for he is able as a practitioner, is conscientious in his work and is a
blave to no habit.

31. lEmtl Walsdtpiii

Zg^OUNSFJJ.OR j. I'.mil Walsclieid was l)(>ni I)cceml)er 23, 1872, in ihe
M house at 309 Fulton street. Union llill, now occupied by his Ijrother,
^*^ l)r. Arthur W'alscheid. Ilis i)arent> were Cierman citizens, l)ut his
father had l)econie a na.turaHzed American citizen in 1S44. The counsellor
has made the town of his birth the scene of his life work and he has achie\ed
a success and popularity because of his sterling- citizenship and services to
his friends and neis^hbors. He enjoys a larj^e practice and is concededly one
of the lea.din^- lit^hls of the lludsoii County bar. His offices are located in
the llai-\ar<l budding- at 25 lierg'eidinc a\enue. lie li\es in llighwood I'ark.

Counsellor W'alscheid received his i)reliminary education a', the Moboker.
AcadeniN'. Upon his graduation froni that institution he expressed a desire
to stud\- for the law. Mis father, who was bent ui)on his son learning a trade,
\\<inld not hear to this ex])ression and so young Walsclieid determined to
learn the silk business, entering" the emplo\- of the IMioenix Manufacturing
("ompany as an a])prentice. At that time the com])an\- was one of the larg-est
and most successful manufacturers of silk in the countr}-, with ])lants at
Taterson, Allentown. Ilethlehem and other eastern towns. He took u]) the
studv of this trade in the Allentown plant in iS.Stj. He spent two \ears in
the luills, beg-inning in the s])inning^ department and going throug^h the various
stages of silk production until he reached the designing room. W'hatex'er he
(lid he did well and he became a silk designer of no mean abilitv.

But all this time his and)ition to become a lawyer remained. He im-
portuned his father to allow him to begin the studv of his chosen ])rofession.
Finding his son in earnest in the matter, the elder W'alscheid relented and
consented to his becoming a law student. The }-ounger W'alscheid entered
the New York University Faw^ School, from which he graduated in 1896 in
the academic class. To complete his law course at the same time he doubled
his studies and took l)oth the academic and law courses at once. He took
the lectures in the academic course in the morning, in the law course in the
afternoon, and devoted the evening of each day to study.

Tn the same year he was admitted to the New Jersey bar, having pre-
\iousl}- secured his legal apprenticeship in the offices of Page & Taft, counsel
to the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad, and with the firm of
Randolph, Condit & Black of Jersey City. He then oi)ened an office for the
])ractice of his profession in Union Hill, where he enjoys a large and lucrative
clientele, which is constantly increasing.

In politics Walscheid is a democrat. He served in the State Assembly
with honor in 1899 and 1900. At the time he was president of the Third Ward
Democratic club of Union Hill and a member of the executive committee of
the Democratic central organization. He did not again seek office until 1912,
when he was a candidate for Congressman, but was beaten after a hard-foughr
three-cornered battle for the nomination.

aULIUS LICHTENSTKIN, of the firm of W cllor & Lichtenstein, lawyers,
,,f nobokeii. lias (luring- the vears of his association with Mr. Weller
■111(1 of hi^ own career in the let;al pn^fession. gained a large acquanitance
•nul a' splendid clientele anioiig the leading" men of his city, the county and
the state There is no mem])er of the bar in Hudson county more generally
respected hv the l)ench and his fellow members of the legal fraternity than
Mr 1 ichteii^tein. Me is recognized as having a mind especially trained for
leo-al matter-, ha^ a retenlixe memorv. and is one of those legal lights, whose
aenimen and handy reference kn.uvledge of the law has brought him to the

front. . . ,

Mr Lichtenstein is a familiar figure m the courts ot the city and county,
for he has a large clientele which brings him almost constantly in one court
or another when thev are in session.

His practice covers all branches of the law. civil and criminal. He is
cfiicient in all. readv to quote decisions in complicated cases, and wins a
splendidly large perentage of his cases. His clients have learned to_ rely
upon him. Thev know that if a case has any merits, no point of it will be
missed Ijv Mr. Lichtenstein. He is (|uick at retort, convincing in his argu-
ments before a jurv, although quiet in his oratory, if such it may be called,
a skilled cross examiner and quickly gets at the truth of matters if he sus-
pects a witness is not telling the truth. It is these qualities which have made
Mr. Lichtenstein's re])Utation as a reliable attorney and counsellor, and built
up a great deal of the remunerative practice enjoyed by the firm with which
he is associated.

Sldltn % ^Ijrrt&au

^i OHN H. SHERIDAN is a Hoboken lawyer who has been since his ad-
4\ mission to the bar a credit to the city and to the profession he repre-
^ sents. Mr. Sheridan has a select list of clients, which is constantly
growing, because in him those who are careful in legal matters recognize a
man who will look after their interests as closely as he would after his own.

Mr. Sheridan cannot be said to be a progressive lawyer. On the other
hand, he is a lawyer of the old school, a lawyer who lives and breathes and
feels deeply the trusts which are imposed in him by his clients. There is
nothing of the spectacular about him. none of the flambuoyancy which marks
so manv of the profession today.

Mr. Sheridan obtained his degree and passed his examinations after long,
arduous and conscientious study. This characteristic marks the handling of
the affairs of his clients. He studies the affairs of his clients and knows
them to such a nicety that he really puts himself in the place of his clients
when looking after their interests.

He has not a long string of legal triumphs to add to his fame — nor does
he want it. Neither does he need it. He is of the type of man who inspires
confidence, and it is but a just tribute to him to say that such confidence is
not misplaced. His makeup is such that he could not willingly under any
circumstances neglect the business aflfairs entrusted to him.

Mr. Sheridan is not a man who is looking for plaudits or for preferment.
He wotild rather have it said of him that he looked well after the interests of
those with whom he has dealings as a legal adviser than that he was a
brilliant advocate. He has no patience with the man who is made up of
superficiality. He is by no means a crank, but he is an able exponent of the
law and as such is highly respected by the bench, the bar and the public
generally with whom he comes in contact.

Natl)au ^. Pmtii^rga^l

3k M( )X(1 llic a.I)le \(iuiit;cr lawyers (if lludsnn C'dUiity is Xatlian 11. Vvu-
l\ (Icrgast, who has oltices in the Si)in,^"ani lUiihhn^', 665 Newark .\\einie,
Fi\e ("orners, Jersey C'it\-.

lie was Ixini in jerse\' City in the year 187^ and received hi> early edn-
cation in the public scIumiIs and llii^di Schinil ot that city. He also attended
Centenary Collegiate Institute, at Hackettstown, New Jersey, and after leav-
ing there, studied medicine at Kellevue Hospital Medical College. New York,
hut g'axe this up for the law, feeling that in this he had his chosen jjrofession.
He was admittecl to the Bar of New Jersey as an At lorney-al- Law in the
sear 1902 and as a Counselor-at-Law in the year 1910; he is also a Master
in Chancers- of Xew Jersey and Special Master in Chancers' of Nesy Jersey,
and also coiui-^el to the Hudson County Pxiard iif Health and \ ilal Statistics.
Since his adniissiim he has ])racticed lass- in Jersey Cits', and has made ra])id
f-trides in his jirofession and to(las' enjoss a large clientele.

.\lth(iugh his ])ractice is general and matters of es'crs' nature are handled
by him. there is ])rol)abl}' no lasyyer in the county wdio is mtjre conscientious
about the merits of the case he undertakes than is Mr. Penderg^ast. He has
a slig-ht i)reference for the criminal lass' jiractice. He is syell read and dignified
in his profession, is self-confident and reliant and is i)Ossessed of a nature
which drasys men to him ; and his clients has'e learned to has'e confidence in
him. and he has earned for himself a reputation of being truly an adyiser.
lie belieyes that his ossn interests syill not suiter by giving the best that is
in him to the interests of his clients. He has w^on his legal spurs purely
l)ecause of his legal ability; he ha.s, asked no favors of anyone and has ad-
yanced himself by his osvn personal efi^orts.

These (pialities are fast ])ushing Mr. Pendergast to the front in his ])r<j-
fession, and he is already a favorite with the bench and bar.

Fraternally. Mr. Pendergast is svell known. He is a member of several
lodges and clubs, including the Masonic order, being a member of Eagle
Lodge of Masons, one of the most conservative lodges of the Masonic order
in the entire county.

During his many sears of court house association, before and after his
admission to the bar, he has made many acquaintances and numbers amongst
h.is friends some of the foremost and influential men of the city and county,
and is equally ss'ell knosvn in other parts of the State.

^amit^l AuBttn IrBsnn

AM I 'EL. AL'STIX BESSUX. of Ho-
boken. respected as a lawyer in crim-
inal, civil state and federal courts.
and whose conduct of cases has blazed the
\va\ for the construction of law in many
im])()rtant matters, was born on April 6,
1853. at Everittstown. Hunterdon County.
\. I. His parents were William Besson
and -Margaret A. Besson. He is a lineal
descendent of I-'rancis Besson, a Erench
Hugenot, who settled in this country prior
to T730. His great grandfather, John
Besson. was an ensign in Washington's
army. He was educated in the public
--chdiils at E\erittsti )wn, at the Carvers-
\ille Xormal School in Bucks County, Pa...
and Eafayette College, Easton, Pa., from
which he was graduated in 1876 with the
degree of A. B.

He was principal of the Franklin High

School. Eranklin. P;

for

one vear.

and

afterward ])rincipal of the Phillipsburg High Schtxil in X^ew Jersey. In 1875
he began the stud\ of law and was admitted U) the Xew Jersey Bar in June,
1879, ^s an attornc} . and in June, 1S82, as a counselor. He has been corpora-
tion counsel for his city under a Re[;ublican administration, among the most im-
portant cases 1)eing those regarding water front titles, in whom manv dis-
tinguished corporation law\ers appeared. He is one of the managers of the
Hoboken Bank for Savings, one of the originator.s and first trustees of the
Columbia Club, a member of Euclid Lodge of Masons and a past grand of
Columbia Lodge of ( )dd Eellows. He was in 1889 president of the Hudson
County Bar Association and
Church, and a United States Commissioner.

His home is modest, his tastes are for literature and law and he is broad-
mindecl. He is greatly liked by a large circle of lo}al friends.

is a ruling elder of the First Presbvterian

Strl)ar6 %^ttwx\B

( ) \\'( )I\I\ of this kind winild be com-
plete without a mention of the
Stevens family. Richard Stevens is
chief prohaticjn otirtcer of tlie comity, ap-
pointed hy judge l'>lair in i<;o4, i)roniinent
in all |)rogressive movements, a philan-
lhn)i)ist. and worthy scion of I lohoken's
oldest and most select societ_\'.

Richard Stevens is the son of Kdwin A.
ar.il Martha I'.. Stevens. He was jjorn .May
2], iS'iS, in Paris. France. Like his for-
])ears iu makes his Hoboken nome at
Castle Point. Me has a summer home at
I'.ernardsville. X. j.

.Mr. Stevens was educated in the Stevens
Preparatory School, .St. Paul's .School, a
boarding school at Concord. N. H. ; Colum-
bia College School of .Arts, class of 1890.
.\e\v \'ork Law School, from which he
was graduated in i8()3. in which \ear he
])ass(.'d his examination as attornev and
was admitted to the .\ew jersey I'ar.
He is first vice-j^resiilent of the Moboken Land and Improvement Com-
pany, director of the Inrst National Bank of Hoboken, and a member of the
( ierman Club and Columbia Club of Hoboken. and the Cnion Club. Raccpiet
and Tennis Club. New York .\thletic Club and Cni versify Clul) of New York.
He is fond of out door sports, at which he excels. In temiis he held the
championship of Xew Jersey for three years and the middle Atlantic champion-
ship for two years. He played on the Somerset polo team for four vears. He
was champion wrestler (^f the New York .Athletic Club for one year and heUl
second place for one year. He rode in the cross country hunts of the Essex
h'ox Hounds. Swimming and boating are among his athletic attainments.

^imrnr 31. iMrlEutan

F.ORC.K J. AlcEWAN, a leading and
])ul)lic s])irited man of W est Hobo-
Iscii. has an envialile record of suc-
cess. Ik' was born in Kockland County,
X. ^'.. lanuary if), i8:)2. his ])arents being
Tb.onias McEwan and Hannah Ledgett
AlcEwan.

Af'.er attencHng country school at Alan-
ch.ester (now Eakehurst), X. J., one year,
the family moved to Jersey Cit}\ where he
went successively to School X'^o. lo on
Paterson Street, School X'^o. 7 on Central
Avenue and the Jersey City High School,
from which he graduated in 1897.

He entered a hardware store in Xew
^'ork. where he remained until 1884. He
had an ambition to become a lawyer and
er.tered the law school of X"ew York Uni-
versity in tlie I'^all of 1884. after studying
with his brother. Hon. Thomas AIcEwan,
and I'hilo Chase, Esq. Jn May. 1885, he
was graduated with the degree of LL. B.
He was adinitted to the Xew ^'ork bar in January, 1886, and practiced in
Xew \'()rk until admitted to the Xew Jersey bar in June, 1887. He practiced
in Jersey City from June, 1887. to Januarw 11)07. ^vhen he removed to his
l)resent ofifices in the Highland Trust buikling. West Hoboken. He became
a counselor at law in X^ew Jersey in June. 1800.

He is vice-])residenL. director and counsel for the Tdighland Trust Co.,
and president and counsel for the Courtland building and Eoan Association,
recently organized. He is an active member of the Town Improvement Asso-
ciation of West Hoboken and was town attorney in 191 1. 1913 and 1914- He
is trustee and chairman of the executive committee of the Citizens' Eederation
of Hudson County. He was councilman from the Second \A'ar(l of West Ho-
boken in 1894 and 1895. His house is at 421 High Street, that town.

He is a member of the Columbia Club of Hoboken ; Euclid Lodge. F. and
A. M., Hoboken; the Scottish Rite Ijodies of Xew York; Pilgrim Commandery,
K. T., Hoboken; Salaam Temple. A. A. ( ). X\ Al. S.. X^ewark ; Zemzeni
Cirotto. M. (). \'. P. E. R., Jersev City; West Hoboken Council, Royal Arcanum;
Cnique Lodge. A. (). U. \\'., Jersey City, and the X^ational ^Municipal League.
He is an elder of the h'irst Presb\terian Church of West Hoboken and' was
a commissioner at the Ceneral AssemM\- of the Presb\terian Church of Xorth
America, held at Atlantic Cit}', Alay, 1912.

3lnhu MJtlltam Sufits Srssim

S( )lii\' William Kiil'us lU'sson, ])rcsi(liii,q- jiulq-e in llic lloljoken Districl
Court, was horn in llohoken januai'} (k 1S71. His parents were Inhn
Case Besson and llasseUine j. Besson (nee Nice), lie has li\e<l in
lloboken all his life, and is a brilliant exception to the rule l)ased upon the
familiar Scriptur.al (|uota.tion that "a prophet is not without honor save in
his own country."

h'liim his youlh Jud^e licsson was studious. .\s a result, his rise in ihe
It'i^al and judicial world has been marked and well deserxed. lie attended
Miss Mall's Trimary .Sehool, the lloboken .Vcadeni}', Ste\ens llig-h School
and the Princeton Treparalor) .School ])rior to entering- Princeton University,
from which he was graduated in 1 S'^j with the degree of B. A. In 1894 he
graduated from the New York Law .Sehool with the degree of I.I.. M. In
lime, \>'^)^. I'rinceton conferred u])on hiiu the deg-ree of M. A.

In 1^95 Mr. Besson was admitted to the bar of New Jersey as an attornev
and in 1898 as a counsellor. He is both a .Su])reme Court Commissioner
and a Special Master in Chancery. When he began ])ractice he became a
meiuber of the firm of Lewis, Besson & Stevens, afterwards Besson. Alex-
ander (!<: Stevens. His ability as a lawyer was speedily recognized, and
to-da\', besides occupying- the District Court l)ench, he is counsel for the
1'rust Company of New Jersey. Lie is also a director in the Hudson Trust
Com])an}'.

Judge Besson served as Assembl}-man from Hudson lOunty in 1903
and 1904. This is the only political office he has ever held. Besides the
Legislative manuals for those years, he is i)rominenth- mentioned in a Ndhnne
entitled "Courts and Lawyers of New Jersey." He lives at 800 Hudson
street, Hoboken, and all his life has taken an active interest in the aft'airs of
lloboken and its ])eople.

He is a member of the German Club of lloboken, the Lrinceton Club oi
New York, the University Club of New York, the University Cottage Club
of Prijiceton, the Nassau Club of Princeton, the Sons of the Revolution oi
Xew Jersey, the Washington Head(|uarters Society of Morristowu. N. J.,
and ex-president of the Hudson I'ounty Bar Association and the lloboken
Hoard of Trade. His hobbies are tennis and golf.

%nry A. (^ntht

^/TENRY A GAEDE. of Hoboken, senior member of the law firm of
If J Gacde ^'v: Gaede, one of the highly respected and older members of the
> Hudson county bar, was born in Hudson City, now Jersey City
Heights, September 10, 1857.

He attended the schools in that vicinity and was graduated from old
public school No. 2 in 1872. He then studied civil engineering with Otto F.
Wagener, then city surveyor of Hoboken, and remained with him until Oc-
tol)er, 1874. when he entered the office of the late John C. Besson. Since
( )ctober. 1878, he has been engaged in the ])ractice of his profession, making
a specialty of real estate and banking law.

He is counsel for a number of large corporations, including the First
National Bank of Hoboken, and the Jefferson Trust Company. He was at-
torney for Hudson county in the condemnation ])roceedings for the County
Boulevard. Mr. CJaede is a member of the Board of A^isitors to the State
Agricultural College and has experimented in horticulture a number of years,
that being his hobb\-, having his countrv estate at Marlboro-on-the-Hudson.
X. Y. ' "

-^9

lEuiunir E^altrr IGrak^

'T/'^UCiENE Waller Leake was Ixini in jerse\- Citv. X. J., |ul\' 17, ii^//, and
TC. '"^ '^'^ lioiiK' (.-ily lu' lia> allaincd a r(.'])iitali()n as a la\v}er who maintains
' the standard ni tlir old school of ])ractitioners mtich more closelv than

man_\- of the ^onni^er members of the bar. He is the son of Thomas \A'.
Leake and Caroline \ eyrassat, a grandson of Charles Leake and Eugene
Veyrassat. a great-g-randson of George Leake and Samuel A'eyrassat, and a
great-great-grandson of Daxid Leake and Samuel X'eyrassat, S'r.

Mr. Leake reeei\ed his early education in Public Schools Xos. 3 and 12.
Jersey City, .\lter\vards he attended Phillips-Andover Academv in Massa-
chusetts. In 1896 he received the degree of LL. IL from the Regent.s of the
L^niversity of the State of X'ew York. Tn 1897 he received his diploma from
the N^ew York Law School, at the same time winning the first prize in the
post-graduate class for excellence in both examination and essay.

After graduating from the law school, Mr. I^eake continued his studies
with James B. \"redenburgh and T'lair ».K: Crouse in Jersev Citw and wa-
dmitted to the New Jersey bar in 189S. Since then he has been acti\-el\- and
successftilly engaged in the practice of his profession.

In T900 he became associated with Charles Hartshorne and Earle Insle^•
as the junior ])a.rtner of the law hrm of Hartshorne, Insle^- & Leake, with
offices in the Provident P>ank Building in JerscA- C'ltv. This partnership has
continued uninterruptedl}- ever since, the firm being recognized as one of
the most foremost in the practice of law in Xew Jersev.

(dlrmrnt Dr B. Sl^Dnarb

ij<:aii<:\t Dc r. lkoxard. of Ho-

l)oken, attorney and connsellor at
law, is a son of I'rancis De R.
Leonard, a grandson of John Leor.ard. and
great grandson of Joseph Leonard, who
was high sheriti' of the then eolony of New
Jersey in 1771 and who (Hed in 1779. His
])aternal aneestors were l'"r(.'nch Ungenots.
They eame to this eountry ahont the time
/" ol' the FIngenot wars and figured prom-

inently in civie and military atTlairs. His
father was a respeeted eitizen of Ri^d Hank
and his grandfather was appointed hy
I'homas JelTerson as minister to the eourL
of S])ain, whieh position lu- held with
honor for thirt\- years. His mother was a
memher of the distingnislied Lii)])ineott
family of Ah)nmonth County.

Mr. Leonard was hovu al Red Bank.

I'ehruary 18, 1846. He reeeived his earl\-

eclueation at St. Charles College, near

was uratluated from Seton Hall College in 1869, atter

I'dieoll City. Ale

whieh he read law in Red liank, where he beeame assistant to Robert Allen,
jr., ])roseeutor of the ])leas. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar in 1873
as an attorney and in 1876 as a counselor. Tn 1877 he came to Hoboken, where
he has since practiced his ]irofession.

.Mr. Leonard has been i)r(jminent in Republican affairs in the state, hav-
ing been delegate to tlie State Convention oni several occasions, delegate to
cijngressional and county conventions and chairman of the Hoboken City Re-
pnblican Committee. He has also been ]:)resident of his .\ssemblv District Com-
mittee and chairman vi the b'irst WardAssociation of Hoboken. He served in
the Assembly in 1897. He declined elevation as a district judge in 1898. His
p-ractice is large and he enjoys the confidence of the wdiole community.

He was retained in most imi)()rtant litigation l)y the Taxpayers" Asso-
ciation of the Citv of Hoboken, to apply to the Supreme Court of the State
for an order to summarily investigate the municipal expenditures of the cit\\
( )n the K)th da\- of September, 1905, Mr. Leonard accordingly, as provided
1)\ the statute, presented to Justice Jonathan Dixon a petition signed by
thirty-eight freeholders and ta.xpayers abiding in the City of Hobe)ken, al-
leging that the\- had cause to belie\'e that the moneys of said citv were being
and had been unlawfull}' and corruptly expended, citing numerous instances
of fraud and corruption in the disbursement of said moneys. An order was
thereupon granted as prayed for, resulting in an adjustment of the subject
matter satisfactorily to all parties therein concerned and without recourse to
lurther legal proceedings.

.Another instance of absorbing interest to the citizens of Hoboken was
ihe legal ])roceedings instituted b\- Air. Leonard in conjunction with the
Attorney ( ieneral of New Jersex', in the nature of (|uo warranto, attacking
the ap])! lintment of eleven jxtlice ofhcers, made on the 18th day^ of January,
1904, at an adjourned stated meeting of the board of police commissioners of
the City of Hoboken. It \vas claimed that the police force, as then existing,
exclusive ol' superior officers, contained all the law^ then allowed, under
Moboken's Special Charter and the several amendments thereto, and there
was 111) \'acancy in the membershi]) of the said police force to which the said
ele\en officers could legalh' be appointed; that the said amendments tii the

i-aid charlc'i- under >ai(l charter uiidei- which >ai(l officers claimed to hold their
office as i)atroliuen were uncoiislitmioiial and \did and in contravention of
article four, section seven. parag-rai)hs nine and eleven of the Constitution of
the State of New Jersey. The said mentioned acts were claimed to be special
and ai)i)lving- only to those cities where the police force is governed ^by a
ma\or and a board of coniniissii mcrs appointed liy him.

The defendants in these ])roceedings retained Messrs. Bedle, Edwards
v^ Thompson of Jerse\- Cit}-. who bitterly fought the case in their behalf,
demurring to same on technical grounds. ( )n Fcbruar}' 23. 1904. the informa-
tion was signed by the Attorne_\- (ieneral. and writ of quo warranto issued
on .March 15, 19(^4. Defendants hied demurrer in case on June i6th. 1904.
An amendetl information was filed May 6th. 1905. and served on defendants
Max 14. 1905. Mr. Leonard was retained b\" the rei)ublica.n leader of Hudson
Cotintx in said proceedings, and when the case was ready for trial was ordered
liy hi^ client to discontinue the same on payment of his fees and costs.

Mr. Leonard was also retained b}- the Election Officers of the City of
lloboken. in 1903. to bring a. test case in their behalf in the name of one of
their number. Da\id M. Hubbell. for the recovery of their salaries, in that
year held up by the city on the questions of whether the law required the
City or County to pay same, and also to determine whether their individual
salaries for each election, were to be each $25.00 or $30.00. Suit was brought
therefor on April 14th. 1903. and resulted in a judgment in favor of Mr.
Leonard's clients and the recovery of their claims in full.

On the 15th day of March. A. D. 1910. AL". Leonard was also admitted
as .\ttorne\- and Counselor-at-Law in the Supreme Court of New York, and
on June 2Sth. 1910. was duly admitted to both the U. S. District and Circuit
Courts in said .State. He ran with Lawrence Pagan and A. AL Bruggemann
for mayor, and after being defeated was named as assessor b\- Mayor Pagan.
He held this position for five vears.

airnn Abbrtt

^/^l'"().\ A 111'. l-yrT. willi law (iHices at 51 Newark street, Hobdkcu, and
4|j wild resides in Jei-se\ ('it\ , is a son of the kite (Governor Leon Al)bett.

^^ and as a resnll of tliat rdalii inship, tos^'elher with his own legal
acnnuii, he has aequired a hiri^c clientele among- the first people of tlie State.
Ik' has been practicing law fur a nnnd)er of years i)ast. and from the lirst has
had a clientele which has made him inde])endenl.

Mr. Abbett's clientele has been of such a nature that he has not had to
indulge in any questionable legal practices. He is careful, and iiujuires
minutel\- into the details of the case any client brings to him. Tf he thinks
the case is a just one and can be won on its merits he frankly tells his
client so. If he thinks the case is a poor one. that his client would have
lui standing in the courts, or that the case could be won only by questionaldc
methods, he is very quick to refuse to have anything to do with it. He has
a i)rofound respect for the intent of the law. and hesitates to take any
questionable case on a mere technicality.

Mr. Abbett really belongs to the old school of lawyers who would sooner
see things settled amicably and not taken to court if such a settlement can
be elTected. To this end he has smoothed over the difhculties of many
clients, and has come to be looked upon as a mediator rather than a lawyer.
This appellation is more pleasing to him. When, however, he has to take
a case to court, he fights to the end for his client, and has a splendid record
of victories to his credit.

Although his father was one of the most honored men in politics in the
State of New Jersey and attained the high office of ( Governor through the
suffrage of the people, the younger ,\bbett's tendencies have been to avoid
politics as much as i)(^ssil)le and to attend strictly to his legal business. He
is quiet and unassuming, and readily finds friends among refined people.

m 11 Ura&lru

^|f|f II. BRADLEY, lawyer, with offices at 84 Washington street, Hoboken,
m '^ numbered among the most progressive of the lawyers of the mile-
♦ scpiare city. He has been in practice long enough to establish a clientele
of more than generous proportions, and has the confidence and esteem of a
large number of friends as well as clients.

Mr. Bradley has been interested in a good deal of important private litiga-
tion, and so careful is he in the preparation of his cases that it is said of him
that his clients generally win. His percentage of cases won is considerably
above the average, and this, of course, is due to a thorough knowledge of
the law. a close study into the merits of the case on hand, and the fact that
Mr. Bradley is honest in advising clients when they have no case (-»r little
chance to win.

Among his clients Mr. Bradley numbers many prc^ninent people. A good
deal of his practice is what is known as oftice cases. He has a certain skill
in deciding complicated cases that has drawn to him clients who have
remained with him permanently. He is never pedagogic, but gives his
clients the impression of being a friend as well as legal adviser. As a
matter of fact, he enters into the cases of his clients in a whole-hearted
manner which really makes him the friend, as well as legal adviser.

Because of his upright practice Mr. Bradley has gained a high place in
the esteem of the various branches of the bar l)efore which he practices. He
!s not a s])ectacular lawyer. He depends, rather, upon knowledge of the
law and its correct interpretation than upon high fiown oratory. He presents
his cases clearly and concisely, and brings out the salient points in a manner
that has won the admiration not onlv of the bench, but of his fellow^ lawyers
as well.

lEftutarit S>tnit^r

DWARD STOXER, lawyer, was born
in Hoboken, on April 13, 1882. He
is the son of Emma R. and John D.
Stover. Mr. Stover Is known for activities
in behalf of social and civic betterment. He
was the leader in the movement that
brought almnt the equipment of the llud-
son Count\ playgrounds in Hoboken.

Mr. Stover attended Mensing's Kinder-

!j;arten School and later the Hoboken .\ca-

dcm\ fr(jm which he entered Xew N'ork

rniversit}- at the age of 16. Here his

^»i**i8^^ ' ^ studies were interrupted by poor health.

^^ ^^L When this had been recovered he studied

t\]X'writing and stenograi)h\' in l^agan's
business College and entered the law office
of Sanniel A. liesson. He graduated from
Xew York Law School in 1904. reveived'
the degree of bachellor of laws in i()o5.
lie became an attornev and in i<)io a coun-
selor at law. Immediately on becoming
an atturnev he started in the practice of law^ for himself. His offices are in
the Savings Bank Building at Newark and \\'ashingtnn Streets. Hoboken.

While Mr. Stover was a law clerk he together with Walter Coppinger
?nd Attorney John D. Pierson began to agitate for a play ground park for his
crowded city, which finally culminated in the Hudson County Park Commis-
sion adopting plans for converting the Holxjken Cricket Grounds and adjoining
property into a play ground. Before the commission started its work of im-
provement a ball team managed by the late Robert Davis, then called the
Democratic Boss of Hudson County, started to play in the Cricket Grounds
and charged an entrance fee. Stover and his associates got an injunction pro-
hibiting the games from the Court of Chancery, but before doing so presented'
themselves at the gates of the Cricket Grounds one Sunday afternoon and de-
manded admittance free of charge. They were backed up b}' a crowd of citi-
zens who tore down the fence when their demantls were refused.

^I^ENRV J. (iAEDE, associated with
fif -''•■'" father, Henry A. Gaede, in the
i law firm of (Jaede & Gaede, Hobo-
ken. was born in Jersey City Heights June
25. T884. He received the degree of LL.
B. from the Xew York University Law-
School in 1904, after wdiich he took a
special law course at Cornell University.
He was admitted to the New Jersey bar
in 1905 and to the New York bar in 1911.
He is probably the youngest man ever
admitted to the bar in this State, being-
sworn in just one day after becoming
twenty-one years of age. He is activelv
engaged in the practice of law- in X^ew
York City, having offices at 55 Libert\-
Street, as well as with his father at 91
AX'ashingtrin Street, Hol)oken.

3am?H A. ^ulliitau.

^d AMES A. SILLI\ AN. a member of
tI the New Jersey l)ar since 191 1, and
^-^ now engaged in the general practice
ol' law in jersey City, was born in Jersey
('it\, on Se]:)teni1)er 20, 1884, his parents
heing James ancl Mary SnUivan. ffe lias
|iro\en himself an apt disciple of Hlack-
slone and his law business is growing. In
characteristic manner when asked as to his
liohbirs and tastes he said hv had none, tha'
his onl\' desire was to see his business
grow. He has the training, the system and
I he experience which will ])ermit him to do
an enormous amouiU of work in the short-
est possible time. I lis interests are always
those of his clients and those who have re-
tained him are loud in praise of his satis-
factor\' work i'l their behalf

Me was educated in the Christian
brothers' School in Jersey City, St. Peter's
LOllege in Jersey City and Seton Hall in
South Orange, from which nistitution he graduated in 1905, with the academic
degree of A. B. In 1907 he received the degree of A. M. From the New York
Law School he received the degree of LL. B. in 1908. H then entered the
oftice of Brinkerhoff & Fielder, serving a clerkship there until his admission
to the ])ar in 191 1.

-Mr. Sullivan is a Democrat in politics. He is a member of the John P.
I'^ijan l)emocratic ("lub and the Carteret Club.

5.1

litUiam A. Kanauagl)

'%!♦(♦ 1 I.LIAM A. Kavaiiaqh, one of the younger of Hoboken's lawyers, l)ul
^^^ withal, one who in his sliort legal career has won a host of friends
'^^^ and ehents. together with their confidence, wa.s iiorn m County Dublin.
Ireland. March 17, 1SS5. and is theref<')re a true son of the "ould sod" and of
the good St. I 'at rick, he l)eing born upon the day devoted to the memory of
Ireland's patron saint. His parents were James F. Kavanagh and Anna
Archer Kavanagli.

Witli his parents voung Ka\anagh came [>■ this country in September.
1890. i'hev settled iuMoboken. and it was here that the boy was educated,
so far a> his ])relinnnarv education was concerned. He attended both No. 1
School and ( )ur Ladv of ( irace Parochial School, graduating from the latter
mstituticm of learning in i^'y8. He then entered St. Peter's High School in
Jersey Citv. attending there from 1899 to 1901, after which he entered Seton
Hall College in South Orange. N. J., in 1902. from, which he graduated in 1905.

After his graduation at Seton Hall College he became an instructor, and
taught in the llo])oken High School and in the public schools of the City of
New ^'ork. .\s a teacher he w-as highly regarded, and had he chosen to
continue a career as such would undoubtedly have been among the foremost
tutors of his time. He had a bent for the law. however, and entered Fordham
Law School in 1909. graduating in 1912. He was soon after admitted to the
l)ar. and since then has ju-acticed his profession at 68 Hudson street, where
he has a large and constantly growing clientele.

Air. Kavanagh is careful and conscientious in the study of the interests
of his clients in whatever matters are entrusted to him. Although a young
lawver. he alreadv has many victories and satisfactory settlements to his
credit. Through the clients he has served others have come, a fact which

iFr^i^rtrk N, iEbrrbarii

'^lY^'^^"^^''^^^^'--^^ -'^- I'-berhard. witli offices in the Second National Rank build-
er ing. Hoboken. is one of those lawyers whose advice is soug-ht not only by
^^ private clients, but by financial institutions, municipal corporations,
etc. He is recognized as an able exponent of financial and corporation law
and, therefore, he has a clientele that is a little above that of the average
lawyer.

Mr. Eberhard is not often seen at the bar. Most of his work is confined
to his office. The work at the bar is attended to more or less by his asso-
ciates. \\'hen his presence is recjuired, however, one may find him in court,
and when he is seen there one may rest assured that there is something of
more than ordinary importance on for the day.

Air. Eberhard resides in Jersey City, in the upper Hudson City section.
He has a splendid home on Palisade aventie. He has a family of whom he
can well feel i)roud. His son. F. N. Eberhard. Jr.. is studying law in his
father's office, and it is the intention of the elder Eberhard to take the son
into the firm as soon as he has passed his examinations and l)een admitted
to the bar.

While never dabbling in politics for personal gain. Mr. Eberhard has
taken an active interest in the reforms of government in fersev City. He
was Judge Advocate of the Ninth Regiment of New Jersev and an Interstate
Bridge Commissioner representing Hudson County. The title of "Commis-
sioner" sticks with him to the i)resent dav.

Personally Air. Eberhard is genial with friends. To those whom he
likes he has a warm heart. He is courteous to all, but dismisses quietly those
with wdiom he does not care to do business or recognize socially. He has
built up his legal business on a high plane. A man of his personality could
not do otherwise.

(Eharl^H IE. S^. i^tntpanu.

€

ARLI'.S !•:. S. SI.MI'SOX was born
August 20, 1873. in Xew York City,
where he received his early educa-
tion in the puhhc schools. When a young
man he moved to Jersey City, where he has
since made his home. I le was admitted to
tlie New Jersey ba.r in 1899 as an attorney
anil snhse(|uentl\ as a counselor. He is
now practising his ])rofession, his offices
hemg at 665 Xewark Avenue, Jersey City.

Mr. Sim])son is a Deniocrat. He is an
orator and his services are much sought in
campaigns. In 191 1 and 1912 he served as
an .Assemblyman, the latter year being re-
elected by a majority of more than 19,000,
over 1{. .A. Ransom, the highest candidate
on. the Republican ticket. He served as
chairman of the committee on incidental
expenses and as a member of the commit-
tees on judiciary, revision of laws, school
for deaf mutes and state library.
He is always interested in the betterment of Jersey City and is a member
of the Chamber of Commerce of that city. He was one of the founders and
is a member of the Eighth Ward Citizens' League of Jersey City. He is
well known fraternally and is a member of Court Jersey City, No. 2, Foresters
of America; the Jersey City Club; the Down Town Club; Jersey City Lodge,
No. 211, 1). P. (). E. ; Amitv Lodge, No. 103, F. and A. AL ; Lafayette Lodge,
No. 79, K. of P.; Zemzeni' ( irotto. No. 16^ M. O. \'. P. E. R. ;'the Hudson
County Democratic Association; New Jersey Automobile and Motor Club;
Automobile Club of Hudson County, the Hudson County Road Drivers'
Association, and the Hudson C"ounty Bar Association. I lis practice is a large
and lucrati\e one and his clientele is ra})idly increasing.

Mihor 1. Irauin

AMONCi the lawyers of lleilxiken who have attained an excellent repu-
tation amonj^ business men, ])rofessional men and laymen generally,
may l)e mentioned Isidor 11. 15rand, with offices at 51 Newark street.
Mr. Brand practices his profession strictly along ethical lines, and is averse
to publicity, except that gained through cluty well done. He is regarded as
one of the leading legal lights of Hoboken. and enjoys a practice at the same
time attractive tvj a man of his profession, and lucrative. His practice in-
cludes all branches of litigation, but he prefers that which leaves him in his
office, studying out intricate problems, rather than the kind which leads the
lawyer into the criminal courts.

j\lr. Brand believes in law as practiced by the old school of lawyers, the
kind of law which makes the lawyer the confidential friend, as well as legal
adviser, of his client, tlie kind of law that recognizes duty to clients as para-
mount to e\er\- other consideration, the kind which advises and directs and
refuses to take cases if there is no good case to be made for the client, the
kind which advises settlement of difficulties rather than costly litigation, in
fact, the practice of law along the dignified and gentlemanly side of the pro-
fession.

Naturally Air. Brand is a busy man. He is well grounded in his practice,
which has grown until it reaches proportions which take up a great deal of
his time. He finds time, however, to be genial to callers and extend a hearty
welcome to friends. He lives at 318 Hudson street and enjoys the respect

of his neighbors.

Abolplt (E. dmsttn

N(_) lawyer is better or more favorably known in North Hudson, Hoboken,
or Hudson County, for that matter, than Adolj^h C. Carsten, who has
offices at 79 River street, Hoboken. Mr. Carsten was for vears a law part-
ner of Francis ]McCauley under the firm name of McCauley and Carsten. About
a year ago the partnership was severed, and since that time he has engaged
in the practice of law for himself at the Hoboken address. He also lives in
Hoboken at 913 A\'ashington street.

Praise which might be bestow^ed on other members of the bar w^ould
sound cheap when applied to Mr. Carsten. He is one of the school of
lawyers who believe in the ]:)rotection of their clients and their interests
promptly and with the least litigation possible. He has so large a permanent
and transient clientele that it would not pa.}' him to dallv along on cases
which could be settled (|uickly, even were he so inclined, but it has always
been a point of honor with Mr. Carsten to get through a case as quicklv as
possible, thereby getting it oft' his mind and leaving more for the client.

Mr. Carsten was born March 31. 1S75, in Hol)()ken. his parents being
Nicholas and Lina Carsten. He attended public school No. 3. He worked
at the diamond cutting trade from 13 to 21 years of age. He entered the
Centenary Collegiate Institute at Hackettstown in 1897. graduating in 1900.
He immediately entered the New York University and graduated in 1904
with the degree of B. A. From the New York Law School he graduated in
1905 and entered the office of James F. Minturn. who was elevated to the
Supreme Court bench in T907, at which time McCauley and Carsten took
ever his practice.

Mr. Carsten was appointed to the Board of Trustees of the Free Fublic
Library in Hoboken in 1906 l^y Mayor George H. Steil. He resigned in 1909.
He is a member of Hoboken Lodge of Elks No. 74. Camp i. Sons of N'eterans.
and the Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity and Club with headquarters in West
Forty-fourth street. New York Citv.

A. (0. Ctfrarcllt

AMONG the best known of the huvyers in this vicinity may be men-
tioned A. O. Ciccarelli, with ofhces in the l)nilding owned by the
Second National Hank. i<2 River street, Holxiken. Mr. Ciccarelli has
been engaged in the ])ractice (^f law in the Hndson County Courts for the
past twenty years, and he has Iniilt up an enviable clientele, especially among
the Italian' speaking residents of the county, who go to him for counsel and
advice. Advice is not always confined to legal matters. Many of his clients
have been advised as to financial investments there, and it is said that none
who followed the advice of the counsellor in these matters ever had cause to

regret it.

At one time Mr. Ciccarelli dabbled a bit in politics. He was a republican
and was much interested in republican politics. He was a member of the
F^^remont Club when that organization was in the height of its glory and at
one time undertook to run for the assembly on the republican ticket. He wa.s
beaten at the polls, as was every other republican at the time, although his
vote was a flattering one. Of late years he has eschewed politics and con-
fined himself to the practice of his profession.

His ofhces are busy ones. Go there at any time when he is in and one
is apt to find a long list of waiting clients looking for advice as to begun or
contemplated litigation. Mr. Ciccarelli is sharp, clear, crisp and decisive in
his advice. He has the law on most matters at his tongue's end. and is ready
in manv cases to give an opinion as to the meritsof litigation at a moment's
notice.

Mr. Ciccarelli numbers among his friends some prominent people. He
is well thought of by the bench and bar. He has never resorted to the little
catch-penny tactics of so many lawyers of the younger generation, and is
rather of the strictly professional order of legal gentlemen. Once a friend
his friendships last until blasted by other than himself.

inint 31. Halalt

3( )1IX J. Walsh was born
at \\'exford, Ireland.
March t6, 1877, and is
a lawxL-r by profession. He
receixecl his early education
under the Brothers of St.
All )\siiis, at Wexford, where
he j^radiiated with honors.
He afterwards accepted a
])(isitinn with Israel Wallis.
Clerk (if the Crown, where,
from his duties as attendant
at the Petit Sessions Court,
he acquired a facility for the
study of law.

His father. John Walsh,
was a descendant of an old
.^ouih Wexford family, and
was one of the organizers
and ardent supporters of the
Land-League Movement in
< )ctol)er, 1S79. Under an
Act of Parliament of 1881,
known as "Forester's Coer-
cion Act." which was pro-
mulgated for the suppression
of the Land-League, and the
sus])ension of the Habeas
Corjjus Act of that year, his
father was arrested, and with ()00 others of good social standing, and moderate
political views, was incarcerated as a "suspect" in Kilmainham jail. Duldin.
He was released, untried and unaccused in ]\Iay. 1882.

Mr. A\'alsh. Jr., in his }()unger days was affiliated with the Nationalist
movement and was acti\ely interested in the Parnell crisis of 1890.

Mr. Walsh came to the United States in 1897, ^^ith the late Rev. Michael
(_". McI'Adw i^astor of .St. Joseph's Chttrch, Hobc)ken, who desired him to
stud\- for the ])riesthood. Mr. Walsh, however, was inclined to purstie the
:-Uid\- of law. lie completed his studies in New York University, class of
1896. He served his clerkship under Supreme Court jttstice, Hon. James F.
Minturn and Corporation Counsel John J. Fallon, lie was admitted to the
New Jersey Bar in 1908.

iKnxTts UmauskiT

^i*|Y ORRIS UMANSKY. engaged in the practice of law at 51 Newark street.

'JIlL Hoboken. was born March 10. 188^). at Bratslav, Russia. His parent*
^^^ were Joseph and Esther Umansky. He attended schools in Russia.
When still a boy he came to this country, and by close application and hard
study, at the age of 28 years he has made for himself an enviable place in
professional circles. His legal education was obtained at the Law School of
the University of New York. His jjractice from the start has been of the
higher order.

Mr. Umansky is popular in a large circle of friends and ac(|uaintances.
He is a member of Court Harmonx', No. 69, Foresters of America: Hoboken
City Lodge. No. 476. Independent ( )rder of Brith Abraham, and Linath
Hazedek of Hudson Count\'. He is married and li\e^ in We^l lloboken.

•1 * i

ULJ

■1 *

^^•

1 -If

% ^\ : TXit , ynDcxsrisAJ,x,vxirxr,i i i.xri^^v.'v^ i\tit i.,«^ny\iTT. ■/: :

iFhtaitrtal Suatttuttnus

■^

'!>.

■^/^UIJSON COUNTY'S financial institutions arc among' the strongest and
If J most respected in the countrw Xo loose methods of banking are
^ tolerated here, the result being the unciuestioned soundness of the
banks and allied institutions.

Notwithstanding the ])anic through which the countr\- at large has ])assed,
there has been little of the general depression felt here, so far as l)ard<ing
business is concerned. The banks ha\e been liberal in their accommodations
to business men — as liberal as good business management would permit. So
far as the annual rejxirts for 1914 show e\ery bank has increased its assets,
decreased its actual liabilities and increased its saving dei)osits. W hile 1914
was by no means the best financial \ear ex])erienced in Hudson, it was far
from being the poorest, h^ailures were few and. with one or two exce])tions.
were unimportant. .Ml in all. the financial conditions ha\e been remark.ably
good. Considering the depression that existed elsewdiere, and there seems to
pre\a.il the general optimistic feeling of a better business \ear to come.

Building and loan associations haxe increased in nund)ers. shareholders
and the number of shares taken and this increase is continuing. Careful
management has marked the conduct of the sixt\- or more associations of this
kind in the county. .Ml ha\e done an extensi\e banking business.

Many of Mudsdn's banks do do business with corres])on(lents throughout
the entire cixilized world. Man\- of her hnanciers are international! \- known.
The credit checks, or letters of credit, of man\ of her institutions are accepted
as collateral the world o\er. The figures of business done, of dei)osits and
assets are astounding.

Realt}- oi)erations ha\ e been general and in >()me pai-t> of the country.
more ncjtably in North Hudson, an actual building boom lias been in pro-
gress. West New \'ork especially has felt this in full force and there has
been no indication of a slump t)f anv kind. New business houses have l:>een
opened and are a])parently doing well. From the financial, as well as social
and ec.momical. standixiint Hudson Count\- is a eood. live section.

Hninn ©rust (Enmijauu

--•f 1 1 !•: I'nion i'rusl Cunii);iny of Xew Jersey, with headquarters at 75
^|[ Montgomery street, Jersey City, and a branch at Broadway and Thirty-
^^ third street' Rayonne, although a comparatively young financial in-
stitution, liaving commenced business in 1907, is one of the strongest in
Hudson county, having a capital and surplus of more than $630,000, with
assets of more than $3,700,000. It has direct facilities for drawing and trans-
mittino- funds on or to anv imi)ortant cit\- in the world bv draft, letters of
credit or cable.

Officers of the compan_\- are: President. Samuel Ludlow, jr.; Nice-presi-
dent. John I. (iorman; \ice-president and treasurer, James G. Hasking; sec-
retary-, (ieorge E. Bailey; assistant secretary. Floyd Ramsey; directors,
Charles K. Beekman, ^^'iiliam H. Cane, Joseph A. Dear. Thomas H. Ecker-
son, Benjamin E. F"arrier. John J. (iorman, James P. Hall. James (i. Hasking,
Robert S. Hudspeth, Charles F". Long, Samuel Ludlow, jr., C. F. Mueller, jr.,
Jacob Ringle. Thomas \\\ Shelton, Stanton M. Smith, A. J. Stone and J. T.
Thomas. With these gentlemen at the head of the institution it does a bank-
ing and trust Inisiness in all its branches, is the depository of savings funds
at 4 per cent, interest, a depository of the State of New Jersey, of the county
of Hudson, of Jersey City, the City of Bayonne, and likewise a depository in
bankruptcy. It has twenty-one employees.

The president, Mr. Ludlow, has a wide experience in the banking busi-
ness, beginning as messenger in a large New York bank at the age of 17
years. He has worked in every important department of a large city bank
and is therefore conversant in all branches of banking, as well as all the
details necessarily involved.

Idle \ice-president. J. J. (iorman, is widely known as the president of
the Manhattan Electrical Supply Company, one of the largest electrical supply
com]:)a.nies in the world, which was established by Mr. Corman with but a
few hundred dollars some thirt_\' years ago.

\'ice-president and Treasurer James G. Hasking. is widel}- knt)wn in bank-
ing circles throughout Jersey City, his activities in this line in that city cov-
ering a period of more than fifty years. All of the directors are known as
men of high integrity and business ability.

This trust company when organized in 1907 assumed the deposit
liabilities of the Second National Bank of Jersev Citv and engaged to liqui-
date that institution. At the time the present management took hold the
deposits of the Second National Bank were slightly in excess of $700,000. At
the present time the deposits amount to over $3,000,000, a gain of over
400%, while the total assets amount to over $3,700,000. The capital stock of
the Second National Bank has been liquidated up to one hundred cents on
the dollar. At the present time the Union Trust Co. has no direct or indirect
interest in the old affairs of the Second National Bank of Jersey City, and
their affiliations although always indirect are now completely severed.

Since the trust company was organized in the old building of the Second
National Bank, corner A\'ashington and Alontgomery streets, it has disposed
of the old building to the United States government, wdiere the new Jersey
City post office is now located and has erected a modern bank and
office building at the corner of A\\-ishington and Montgomerv streets, wherein
is located the Downtown Club, the Chancery Court Chambers, the Bank-
ruptcy Court and the Chamber of Commerce. The home of the Trust
Company is considered the best ecpiipped l)anking rooms in the State of New
Jersey. Herein is located a safe deposit vault, which is pronounced by ex-
perts as the heaviest and strongest vault in the State.

During the year ending June 30th. 1914. the total transactions of money
handled by the Union Trust Company, amounted to the immense sum of
$171,921,679.27. Over 10,000 depositors are handling their I)anking business
through this company at the present time.

yhlanft ©rust (Enm^anji nf 'Nnw ^n^n]

TAR'I'ING business on June 30. 1904, the llij^hland Trust Compan_v of
New jersey, at Summit avenue and DeMott street, West Hoboken.
has L;ro\vn to a hist\ hnancial MHiii'Ster of ten years, with assets of
more than $2,000,000. In starting-, it occupied a twenty foot buihJing- in the
neig'hl)orhood of the transfer statical. It now has a splenthd l)uihlini]^ of its
own, facing- for sixty feet on l)Usy Summit avenue.

The ])ohcv which has l)uih the l)usiness of tliis l)ank and caused such
unusual pr<)S])erit\- and growth is the principle that the important feature of
Iianking- is to al\va\s ha\-e the monc}- \i> ])ay the dei)ositor wlien he conies to
;he window for it.

()roanizers of the compaii}- include Julius IJelte, A. A. Franck. J. P.
Ilenr}-, Al. 1).. R. J. llillas, (ieorge J. McEwan, J. Lawrence Nevin, (de-
ceased), Richard Stevens, Edward H. Snyder, Albert Wiggers, George
Eausecker, J. A. Wolfenden. B. H. P^elzer. Jr.. Charles J. Solyom, George
Lawyer and Thomas McEw^an.

Officers are: Thomas McEwan. Jr., president; Robert J. Hillas. vice-
president; I. .S. Chamberlain, secretary and treasurer. Directors are; Thomas
McEwan, Julius Helte. Robert J. llillas. Henry Prunaret. Robert R.
Eampa. ( ieorge J. McEwan, Jose])h A. Nevin, M. D., Edwin H. Snyder.
William Werner, John A. W^olfenden and Edward Savoye.

^ ,Av

[st'SKSt . st i sssp^fc y *

3nftustrtal PrnyesB in l^uttsnu Cnuuty

*^/j^UDSON COUXTV is first in importance l)oth in population and in-
4m (kistries among the comities of New Jersey. Its advantageous location
i in the Metropolitan District, assures to all of the municipalities within
its ])oundaries an e(]ual share in the industrial dexelopmcnt of the Port of
New York.

At this point the i)rincipal railroads of the country c(3nverge — in fact
Hudson County may well be termed the tide water terminal of practically
e\-ery important trunk line in the country. Here, too, are located four im-
];ortaut trans-Atlantic lines (two of them among the largest in the world)
which together handle more than half of the entire ocean ]jassenger traltic
and a substantial share of the immense v«jlume of freight to and from Euro-
pean and other foreign countries.

The completion of the waterways system from the (ireat Lakes to the
Atlantic ( )cean via the Hudson River, and the opening of the Panama Canal
also gi\es promise of even greater prosperity.

Manufacturers are (|uick to perceixe its man\ ad\ antages and are l<»cat-
ing in all parts of the count\- in constanth' increasing numbers. Sections
which a few years ago were woods and fields, marsh lands, or dimiping
grounds for rul)bish, can now boast of some of the hnest examples of modern
factory construction. Many new streets have also been laid out in these
sections, and apartments, flats and dwellings Ikinc been, and are 1)eing, erecte('
to house the numerous workers.

La])or of all classes, skilled and unskilled, is available throughout the
Count}', and because of the development of transportation facilities, the va-
rious sections of the county have been drawn closer together. Excellent
sn])ur]:)an train service has also placed within the reach of many ])eo]de who
are employed within the county, the advantages of countr}- life.

It needs no great ])rophet then, to forecast the industrial future of I luil-on
County. The westerly sliore of the Hudson Ri\cr, the shores of the Staten
Island Kills, the lowland fringeing the Hackensack River, will lie utilized in
the development of a freight terminal system second to none in the world
and with this development will come industrial prosperit\' unsurpassed by
any section of our countrv.

Hfuii^nn anJt ilanbattan lailrnait (En.

No ONE development, or industry, has played a more imjxtrtant part in
the growth and development of Hudson County than the Hudson and
Manhattan Railroad Company, operating the tunnels under the Hud-
son river between Jersey City, Hoboken and the shopping and downtown
districts of New York. By its extensions in Jersey City, patrons are now
enabled to reach the western slope of the Bergen section, and from there, by
special arrangement with the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, through to
Newark, upon trains operated by the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Com-
pany. Other extensions are planned in New York, by which New Jersey
patrons will be able to ride direct to the Grand Central station in New York.
When these extensions are completed, Hudson County will have direct and
quick communication with financial and commercial New York, unequalled
by that of any other section of the metropolis and its neighboring towns and
counties.

By means of the tunnels one may go from either Hoboken or Jersey
City to downtown New York for five cents, and to any part of Sixth avenue,
as far as Thirty-third street, for seven cents. This is cheaper, quicker and
more convenient than the old ferry and surface car methods by which the
public had to reach these districts. The tunnel has proven a great boon to
Hudson County people who work in New York, as well as to those house-
wives who care to go to New York to shop. Where a shopping trip used
to take up the better part of a day, a woman may now leave home at a rea-
sonable hour in the morning, reach the shopping district, transact her business
and be home again in time for lunch. The saving in time for those who
travel to and from work and business in New York is just as marked.

From the inception of tunnel service the motto has always been "safety.
speed, courtesy." The tunnel authorities were the first of the great public
service corporations operating in and about New York to impress upon their
employees that the travelling public is entitled to courtesy. It was a great
change from the "step lively," and the "hurry up" commands of the employees
of other transportation companies to the "please hurry" of the new company
employees at first and one which was much appreciated. Since then other
companies got the habit of courtesy and it is now the rule rather than the

exception.

The under river tunnels were the outgrowth of the plan of the Hudson
'i'unncl ivailroad Company, organized in 1873 by DeWitt Clinton Haskins, to
tunnel under the Hudson, connecting New York and New Jersey and to
furnish transportation by means of steam trains. Lack of facilities for com-
]>leting the projected tunnel caused the scheme to lie dormant for a number
of years, although it continued to l)e agitated. Finally the company was
reorganized through the in(loniital)le work of William G. McAdoo, now
secretary of treasury for the United States, and plans were evolved by which
the ])lan would be made feasible l)y electric operation.

All work was concentrated on the possibility of building a tunnel at tirst.
Work was commenced on what is officially known as the north tunnel, that
leading to Hoboken, through the Erie yards and across under the river at
Fifteenth street, Jersey City. This tunnel was completed from Jersey City
to New York on March 11, 1904. The uptown tunnels from Hoboken to
Nineteenth street and Sixth avenue were opened to traffic on February 25.
1908, comprising 6.2 miles of single tracks. On June 15, 1908, the line vyas
opened to Twenty-third street station, using the easterly side of the station
only. On July 19, 1909, the downtown river tunnels from Church street
terminal. New York City, to Pennsylvania station in Jersey City were thrown
open to traffic, and on August 2, 1909, the link connecting the uptown and
downtown systems on the New Jersey side was placed in operation and on
September 20 the tunnels between Caissons No. i and No. 3 were opened
which enabled the uptown system to send trains to and from the Erie station

and the Pennsylvania station and at the same time the west side of Twenty-
third street station was placed in use. The total length of single track in
service at this time being 12.79 niiles.

On September 6, 1910, the Henderson street station in Jersey City with
the connecting tunnels to the Pennsylvania station and Washington street
line were placed under operation, together with the car storage yard and
a])proach thereto. On November 10, 1910, the line on Sixth avenue to Thirty-
third street was completed, making the complete length of single track in
operation 15.61 miles with 1.91 miles of storage tracks. From this have
sprung all the ramifications of underground and under river transportation
which we now enjoy.

A resumi' of the work of tunnel construction would be interesting, but

would recpiire much more space than can ])e crowded into this history. That
it was well done can be testified to b}- hundreds of thousands who use the
tunnels to reach New York. But it was not accomplished withc)ut having
to overcome many ditificulties in engineering and construction work. Some
lives were lost, but in the main the loss of life was comparatively small when
the map"nitude of the work is taken into consideration.

From the first the tunnels were well patronized. An effort was made to
provide service on a straight five cent fare. After a trial it was found that
this could not be done, so a seven cent fare was imposed for uptown pas-
sengers and a five cent fare for downtown passengers. Taken all in all, from
the standpoint of l)ig investors, there is every reason to hope for continued
and increasing success of operation until such time as it shall more than pay
for itself.

The Hudson Terminal Buildings, the downtown terminal, contribute in
a large measure to the revenue of the road. They are fully rented.

The company report for December 31, 1913, "shows that there is a total
trackage of 7.089 miles in New York and 11.668 miles in New Jersev. This
includes main lines, sidings and crossovers, car yards and approaches, etc.
While there are 18.757 miles of trackage, there are' but 7.91 miles of roadwav.

A comparison of statistics for 1912 and 1913 shows a general increase in
number of car miles operated, passenger revenue, miscellaneous revenue, in
number of passengers carried, number of passengers carried per mile, pas-
sengers re\cnue i)er mile, etc. A million and a quarter more passengers were
carried in 1913 than in 1912.

There is one thing on which the company is strong, i. e., safety to em-
plovees and to public. To this end no expense has been spared to secure the
latest in electric safety ai)pliances. It is claimed that it is absolutely impos-
sible for a car to be run past a danger signal, no matter if the motorman be
asleep or dead. The car is stopped automatically where a signal is set, and
must continue to remain there until the danger ahead has been eliminated
either bv the train ahead passing out of the block and automatically releas-
ing the signal or until the danger, if it be something else, is eliminated.

To further guard the safety of the public, every employee is furnished
with set of rules and a book of safetv hints. In these books every known
transportation contingency that can arise is met with explicit instructions how
to act in any emergency. The books are so modified that the instructions
can be found and followed with practically no loss of time. The book also
contains instructions for first aid to the injured.

The membership of the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Athletic Asso-
ciation comprises about 80 per cent, of the employees of the company. Com-
modious quarters ha\e been furnished l)y the company and ecpiipped with
]M)()1 tables, gymnasium a])i)aratus, hand l)all cotirt, and a well stocked reading
rt)om. have afforded social intercotn"se and healthful recreation. A motion-
picture machine has recently been installed by the association and has been
used not only to furnish entertainment, but also to illustrate frequent instruc-
tive lectur.es on matters ]>ertaining to railwav operation, jjarticularly the
subject of "safety."

( )n March 1st. 1913, an agreement was entered into between the com])any
and Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Athletic Association, representing the
employees, under which Sick Benefit and Death Benefit Funds have been,
established. The operation of these Funds has been highly satisfactory, and
the Cordial relations which already existed between the company and its
employees have been greatly strengthened. The Funds are managed by a
committee composed of officers of the ci'mpan\- and em])lo\ees elected b}' the
Athletic Association.

^tauitarit (§il (Enrnpaug

AAlOXi, the great industries of Jersey City and its adjacent towns is the
manufacture and distribution of oils and oil products as carried on by
the Standard Oil Company in Jersey City and Bayonne. The plant
at Bavonne is the largest oil manufacturing establishment in the world. It
covers an area of something like 252 acres, where crude oil is manufactured
into its various products.

From the Bayonne plant alone during the year 1913 were shipped 2,608,-
660 tons of oil and oil products by water. There were received into this plant
by water 797,240 tons, making a total amount of business done by water
over their docks of 3,405,907 tons. This does not include the material used
in the preparation of oil and oil products, such as tinplate, boxes, steel pipe,
machinery, etc.

This plant is equipped with four large docks capable of handling the
largest commercial vessels in the world. Fifteen large ships can be accom-
modated at these docks at one time. To do this large amount of business
496 ship loads were taken in and sent out, 410 being loaded out and 86 brought
in laden with oil. Two hundred and ninety-three barges, oil laden were also
handled into the plant and 1,704 barges an average of six a day, were handled
out. The ships and barges vary from a capacity of 3,000 to a capacity of
15,000 tons. They go to all parts of the world, many cargoes reaching the
far interior of China, islands of the Pacific ocean, interior of Africa, Australia,
South America, Scandinavia and as far north as the arctic circle.

Besides the oil shipped out of this plant daily there is mantifactured on
an average of more than 50.000 cases per day. each case carrying two cans
of five gallons each, the cans also being manufactured w'ithin the plant. The
plant is also equipped to manufacture 7,000 wooden barrels per day. as well
as the steel barrels used in the shipment of oils for long distances. Not only
is the manufacture of receptacles for its own products carried on, but the
plant is so equipped that practically all its own machinery and repairs are
made there by its own mechanics. A large boiler shop, blacksmith shop,
machine shop and carpenter shop, employ some 2,000 men constantlv on such
work. The total number of employees in the plant aggregates 6,000 and the
manufacture of oil, its products, cases, machinery, etc., is carried on night
and day.

In the Communipaw section of Jersey City is another oil refinery, cover-
ing approximately 80 acres of land, in which is manufactured 15,000 barrels
of crude oil into various grades of lubricating oil daily. This plant is fully
equipped for the manufacture of all the products of petroleum and employs
a force aggregating about 1,000 men. This plant was established in 1878
with a small manufacturing capacity and has grown steadily to its present
size. Both of these plants probably represent the most modern and up-to-date
methods that can be found in this particular business.

With such an extensive business it must be recognized that the Standard
Oil Company plays an important part in the finances of the section in which
it carries on its manufacturing operations. The weekly payroll of the com-
pany is something like $75,000 in the two plants. Most of this is disbursed
by the employees in their own particular sections among grocers, butchers
and other local merchants.

The company has suffered several disastrous fires in its Bayonne plant.
One in July, 1890, broke out at midnight and burned for a week, the loss
being in the neighborhood of $2,000,000. Since that time the company has
employed every means and adopted every contrivance to prevent a repetition
of such a conflagration. Great care is taken to provide sanitary and safety
appliances for the protection of employees at all times and everv reasonable
cflfort is made to look out for their welfare.

Since the big tire an additional inimping system, by means of which the
immense tanks of oils, gasolene, naphtha, etc., can be quickly drawn off in

the event of a fire close by, and carried to points of safety elsewhere, have
been installed. A splendid fire system has been organized among the em-
ployees. There are plenty of hydrants and hose and a heavy pressure of
water is always ready. Besides this the fleet of tug boats is equipped with
every known device for fighting fire from the water front.

Just how well the company looks after its employees and their interests
may be gleaned from the fact that it maintains a private hospital and corps
of physicians and surgeons, with every modern convenience for the treatment
of the sick and first aid to the injured. Also a pension system has been in-
troduced by which a person having worked for the company for twenty years
;in(l haxing reached the age of 60 \-ears is entitled to retirement on half pay
for the remainder of his life.

Among the other important plants of the company is the one at Tampico,
Mexico, from which pipe lines are laid to various oil producing sections
throughout the country and to which crude oil for refinement flows directly
from the wells, the oil being metered so that the flow from each well can be
properly registered. Many independent oil companies and oil wells are de-
pendent upon the Standard for their own existence, the Standard taking the
flow of crude oil in this manner direct from the fields, witli little or no expense
to the well operating companies. Of course, the Standard has nian\' wells of
its own in the best known oil fields of the countrv.

^rhutarHrnbarh, Hubrr €0,

3N the silk industry of North Hudson the Schwarzenbach-Huber Com-
panv plays a prominent part. It conducts one of the largest plants
for 'the manufacture of broad and novelty silks in the entire country.
Its magnificent factory is bounded by Highpoint avenue. Spring street, West
street and Oak street, in West Hobokcn. During the busy season it is a
busy hive of industry, and during the entire year employs a large force of
men and women in the manufacture and distribution of its products.

Silk manufacturing in North Hudson is conducted along more humane
lines than it is in some other parts of the country. Manufacturers here
believe the workers have rights which the employers are bound to respect.
This is particularly true in the Schwarzenbach-Huber plant, which, although
it played a prominent part in the last great strike in the silk industry, was
forced to do so. not because the employees were dissatisfied, but because
they had been led to believe that the success of the strike in Paterson
depended upon the paralysis of the industry here.

The Schwarzenbach-Huber plant is a model one. There is plenty of
light, air and ventilation. Every precaution is taken to preserve the health
of the employees as far as the details of the industry will permit. The men
and women are not herded in the shop like sheep, and wherever it has been
possible for one machine to do work with fewer attendants that has been
done. This has not been found to be a short-sighted policy for the reason
that where the work can be done with fewer employees the air is better,
the employees are more wide awake, there are fewer accidents and less
miserv than where the workers are crowded together in small space with
little breathing and working room.

Everything about the big mill is designed on the safety first idea. Espe-
cially is this true in the precautions that have been taken against fire. While
every floor is equipped with automatic sprinklers, there is also a trained fire
department, fully equipped with hose, hook and ladder, etc., for quick work
in the case of conflagration. Every man of the fire department knows his
post in case of fire, and there is little likelihood of any conflagration gaining
much headway at any time when the men are at work.

It is a policy of the company to keep the mills going the entire year,
except such time as is necessary for stock taking, if possible. There are
seasons of the year when ordinary work is slack, when to keep the mills
running means the investment of large capital without adequate returns
for the time being, when the mills are run at a positive loss because money
which is handed out in wages and salaries would be drawing interest if
allowed to accumulate in bank, but the managers recognize the fact that to
keep good employees they must keep them engaged, and that the workers
have to live throughout the year, the only means of subsistence being the
wages they receive.

There is an organization at the Schwarzenbach-Huber Company plant
such as would be hard to duplicate in any place run along lines "of less
efficiency. It is the efifort of the managers to keep this organization intact.
To do_ this they must keep fairly steady employment. So thev have men
designing novelties in the silk goods fine. These novelties are manufac-
tured and pushed upon the market. It is true of the companv that the
most of these novelties are accepted by the public and find a readv sale.
This shows a remarkable grasp of public opinion.

Visitors interested in the process of silk making are made welcome at
the plant and are shown around by courteous men employed for that pur-
pose. Many visitors have said that a visit to the plant was interesting, not
alone from the class of goods manufactured, but from the fact there is kept
a high class of workers who are as courteous to the visitor as it is possible
for them to be and keep their work in hand.

1. $c H. §fmon (Ho.

1,\\.\^S i)t absorbing- interest to North lliulson is the development
of tlu' silk niannt'actnring- l)usiness, in whirli the R. & H. Simon

C'l inii)an\' ( if L'ni( m I Ml

and

i'^aston, Penn., has ])la}c(l an important
u-Avi. Iliis lirni is among the most progTessive and largest employers of
labor in Union Mill, and as sneh has been an imjiortant faetor in the indus-
trial de\elo])nu'nt of that town. It employs at the ])resent time, and has
emjiloycd eonstantiv for the i)ast several years, an average of 2,500 people.
A \isit to the faetorv. a survey of its produets and a study of industrial
conditions there alone can give an ade([uate idea of the immensity of th';-
entt'r])risc.

The \ariety of the work turned otit at this establishment is in itself
marvellous. Here dress silks, ribbons, lining silks, tie silks and velvets
a.re all manufactured under one roof. The ribbons, silks and velvets are sold
under the trade name "Regatta," and they ha\e attained an enxiable reputa-
tion on the market which makes them always in demand. The ca.re taken to
have the best efforts of every employe engaged in each particular line put
into the goods manufactured is responsible for the excellence of the ])roducts.

The R. & 11. Simon Lo. factt)ry is a model one in every respect. F.very
care has been taken to make the empk)yes comfortable in their work. From
the heads of the concern down to the office boys, every courtesy is demanded
and enforced. The casual visitor is at once impressed with the refinel
atmos})here of the place, wdiich extends into every department. The firm
has alvvavs endeavored to em])loy only the highest class of skilled labor,
and the sloxenU workman has no place on the payroll. Much care is
taken with learners, and their instruction is alwa^'s in the hands of experi-
enced, careful and competent workers. By this method a splendid organ-
ization of silk-makers has been ])erfected, each taking an interest in his or
her work which \V(nild hardly be possible under other conditions.

( )niccrs of the R. tK: II. .Simon Company are: K. M. Simon, i)residenl:
Charles W. Aluller, \ice-president ; k^gon Ebert, second vice-president and
treasurer; (]. I>ixler, secretary. All are public spirited and always ready to
help in anxthing which makes for the lietterment of North Hudson. .Such
firms and such men as this are creditable to any community and deserve
liie-hest commendation.

Srtltna & Bthvim

AM( )\(i the loiemost uiauufacturLTs of broadsilk in North Hudson is the
tirni of IvLMlino ^: Schoon. Hackcnsack plankroad. l)etween Palisade
and Clinton axcnncs. West llohoken. This is among the most im-
l)orlant of North Hudson industries, the hrm employing in its West Hoboken
mill from 500 to 550 hands the year around and the aggregate payroll amount-
ing to some $300,000 annually.

iJesides the West llohoken mill the firm also operates the Petersburg
silk mill at Scranton. Pa., and the Penikees mills at \ alley Falls, R. I. But
it is of the West llohoken mills that detailed mention is here made. The
members n\ the linn are Joseph I.. Peiling and Carl Schoen. The firm was
established in 1893 under the name of Reiling, David & Schoen. but it was
changed in 1908 to its present name. All classes of broadsilk are made here,
including tie goods, dress goods, dress trimming, etc.

Generally the work in silk mills is dependent upon fashions and seasons
because the manufacture of these goods is thus dependent, but Reiling &
Schoen have established a reputation of keeping help engaged the year round.
The firm anticipates demand by creating and manufacturing novelties. It
eniplo\ s a large staff of designers and ])roduces original designs in fabrics
which vie with and often surpass imported silks. The capacity of the local
mill is T. 000,000 yards of broadsilk goods a year, while the total capacity of
all the mills operated by the firm is 3,500.000 yards.

In the local mill the motto of the firm for all emi)lo}'ees has been "safety
first." To this end the mill has a complete fire department of two companies
of tvventv-two men each. It has an equipment capable of throwing three
one and one-eighth inch streams over the roof of a five-story building at the
rate of 750 gallons per minute. There is also a complete automatic sprinkling
department, which, in case of extensive fire, would effectnallv check the spread
of the tiames. 'Jdiere is an underground reservoir with a capacity of 100.000
gallons for the use of the fire companies at any time they may be called into
action. .\mi)le fire escape facilities, in accordance wnth the latest require-
ments and regulations of the State De])artiuent of Labor have been recentlv
constructed and installed.

Both Messrs. Reiling & Schoen have been prominent in furthering the
industrial interest of silk goods manufacturers throughout the countrv. Mr.
Schoen was foremost in the formation of the United States Conditioning and
Testing Company, of which he is a director. This companv is a mutual
undertaking and is the final arbiter in controversies over grades and con-
ditions of raw silk. Every concern in the manufacture of silk goods recog-
nizes its status and virtually all silk manufacturing concerns utilize ilis
facilities for making their tests.

Mr. Reiling is a ])rominent member i)f the Silk Association of America
and two years ago made an exhaustive report regarding tie silks, which
showed his thorough understanding of the subiect of silk manufacturing
throughout the country. In this rei)ort he touched upon the problem of costs
and prices which aff'ect every manufacturer, scored the ridiculouslv low prices
at which some firms put their goods upon the market and said that if everv
manufacturer would Iku'c enough moral courage to refuse a few orders at
the prices prevalent at that time, prices could ea.silv be raised to a basis where
Hie mdustry would receive the returns to which it is entitled.

At the time of this report the knit tie and tubular tie wet'e in vogue and
tins. It was stated, had reduced the demand for tie silks bv about thirtv per
cent. Ihe rei)ort ].redicted the early abandonment of the knit and tubular
tie as a tashi.mable adjunct to the refined wardrobe and this prediction has
been so completely borne out that the demand for tie silks during the past
year has been i)erhai)s the greatest in the annals of the silk industry

/.gW\' all the Ijusiiifss instiuuiuiis in XurUi Jliulsuu lume is more important
lltj than the Rol)ert Reiner Importing Company, the largest importer and
^-^ distributor of embroidery machines in the United States. The main
factory is located at 556-562 Gregory avenue, corner llackensack plankroad.
W'eehawken, and here not only are found a wonderful array of the \'ogtlan-
dische shuttle embroidery machines, of which the company is the sole agent
in America, but repairs are also made and i)arts furnished and manufactured.

Mr. iveiner. who has introduced into this country almost every machine
used in the domestic manufacttn-e of embroidery, is firm in the belief that
tiic ual centre of embroider\- in the world is shifting to America. Early
in the great European international war he declared tha.t even with an early
cessation of that conflict Euroi)eans could ne\er catch up w'th the tre-
mendovis and growing demand on this side of the Atlantic.

Mr. Reiner announces that his com])any is a.m])l\- prepared for this exiKin-
.-ion. It has more than $100,000 worth of machines ar.d machine parts in its
demonstrating and storage plants in Weehawken. Nt) American manufacturer
need ^-nfTer for lack of repair parts, accessories and attachments because the
company accumulated a large stock before the war, and can make immediate
shi])ments at any time desired.

The Robert Reiner Importing Comi)any"s demonstrating i)lant in W'ee-
hawken is the largest vi its kind in the world. It was erected solely to show
what ihe N'ogtland machine will do. I'rosijcctive purchasers may- here
actually test a machir.e before buying and actually see their own work being
made up into the finished article. l>esides demonstrating, this part of the
Keiner plant ser\'es as a show room for the many machines ready for immediate
delivery.

Owing to the ra])i(l expansion and to anticii)ate the growth of the domestic
embroider}' industry, I^resident Reiner announces that his company is now
approxiiig i)lans for the erection of another building to be located directl}'
opposite the [)resent offices and demonstrating plant. The big structure
recentl} erected l)y the company or, the Hackensack Plankroad has been
sold to the American Emljroidery Manufacturing Corporation, West Hoboken.
and the Hoagland-I^igety Co., also of that town.

The Reiner demonstrating plant is a \eritable wonderland of science. In
regularly soldierl}- files are seen numerous embroider\- machines represent-
ing the latest inventions of the greatest mechanical experts. A marvel of
ingenuit}- is the new Vogtland fifteen-yard shuttle machine, operated by a
high-speed \^)g"tland-Zahn atttomat. This is the largest and most complete
design of embroidery making machine e\er manufactured. It is a sotirce
of ne\'er ending wonder to those who see it in operation. I'en-yard machines
are also set up and working, on exhibition for all interested.

That domestic embroidery works h:\ve already made noticeable inroads
upon the industry abroad is shown by a recent issue of a Swiss newspaper,
which charges that the A'ogtland machine manufacturers have seriously
■njured the Saxon and Swiss embroidery industries by the importation of
machines to this cottntry. Switzerland has long been the acknowledged
c(>ntre of the European emljroidery industry, and in this complaint a great
tribute is paid to the enterprise of American manufacturers.

The Robert Reiner Importing Company's business is national in scope.
Machines im})orted by this company are in daily use in various parts of
New York, Ne\v Jersey, Pennsylvania, Illinois. Missouri, Maryland and other
states, as well as in Canada and South America, where the embroidery industry
has achieved any considerable proportions.

^^y 111-' West lloliokcii Xo\clt\ aiul I'.nibroiclery Works, Jnc, has made a
l|l held tor itself in the manufacture oi novelty embroidery in a section
^^ which is rej^artled as an embroidery center by buyers and makers in
all parts of the c^umiry. The ideal factory building- which houses this indus-
try is at 811-817 Walnut street, West lioboken. Jt is owned by A. Rohner.
who establisluHl the business December 1, h^i^. The property is looxioo
feet, and it is the bt)ast of the owner that it is the most up-to-date embroidery
plant in the wr>rld. It has li\ing- apartments alK)\e, which are also fitted up
in the very latest manner.

The concern is incorporated for $50,000. 449 of the 500 shares being
owned b\- Mr. Rohner. who is ])resident of the corporation. Fritz Kruesi.
who is secreta.r\- and treasurer, holds tifty shares for profit-sharing-

sfiflfltH^ ff

purposes. The iirm was the tirst importer t)f the fifteen-yard pantograph
machines, manufactured in Switzerland, which have proved a great success
from the start.

Alfred Rohner. president, was connected with S. Galle & Co.. wholesale
cheese importers. Xew York, as credit man iox eighteen years prior to estab-
lishing this concern. The embroidery line is not new to him. however, he
having been connected with that line in luirope, as wdl as in this country.
Kruesi is the designer for the concern. He was in business on his own
account before he made connections with ^Ir. Rohner. His services as a
designer were much sought by embroidery manufacturers who did an exclu-
sive business, and Mr. Rohner feels that in him he has made a splendid
acquisition to his ci)ncern. Mr. Rohner is optimistic, and thinks the period
of depression we are i)assing through is at the worst only temporary. ?Te
expects a great boom in the embroidery business in the near future, and is
receiving two fifteen-yard automatic machines from Switzerland.

M. Ipfli

with New \'iirk dflics at 1133 Broad-
is a nali\e of St. Gall,

3'r IS not g-enerall} known that at least in one of the embroidery plants
of North Htulson every care is taken to make the ])ruducts equal in
every respect to those of St. (lall, the recognized European centre of
embroidery excellence. Reference is made to the plant of M. liefti. 381-38?
Summit Avenue, West Iloboken, M. .
way. N. ^'. C ity.

Mr. Ilefti iia.s o])erated this ])lant since 1909. lie
and in c-ommon with most youn.^' men of th.at district, was apprenticed to an
embroider}- manufacturer.

\\ hile Act a \oung man he became general manat^er of an embroidery
factory with an interest in the concei-n. In this ])osiiioii he visited the luiglish
and h'rench markets with acknowledged success.

Subse(iuentlv he came to America as representative of St. Gall manu-
facturers, visiting- n-iost of the large trade centres east of the Mississippi of
United States and Canada, repeating his success obtained in
mai-kets. W hen he decided to start in business himself, he Ikk
ill obtaining audiences froni the largest buyers.

It is generally conceded that any goods bearing the UMFTi trade mark
of the best. He operates a number of the new automatic machines, which

the English
1 little difficulty

are

ha\e set a new standard for uniform and perfect work. The working people
ni his factory are of the best obtainable, and are paid liberal wages accord-
ingly. The factory itself is considered a model in regard to light, cleanliness
and ])erfect sanitary arrangements. Mr. Hefti champions quality in work
and ])attern. because he asserts this to l)e the only way to develop the em-
broidery industry on healthy, substantial lines, creating a more steady, all
the year around demand for domestic embroideries.

We believe his success to be the best proof of the cfjrrectness of his
contention.

/ D

3. p. mauijai iu^itty Qlompana

AAlONCi the young-er ami nmrt' ])r(igres,sive Inisinesses of North Hudson
is that of the F. V. AIau])ai Dyeing Company, at 620-628 Thirteenth
street, W est Xew >'ork. Tliis company was established April i, 1913.
employs hfty people and has a capital of $15,000. Its business is that of
dyeing artificial and natural silk of domestic manufacttire only.

This com])any is the (jutgrowth of the hrm of Sehmitt & Maupai, whicii
was started in 1889 at 2;-^2 East Forty-third street, New York. This partner-
ship was dissoh'ed in April, 1894. In November of the same vear F. P.
Maui)a.i again began business, this time at 585 Hudson street, New York,
and in 1905 it became necessary to move into larger quarters. The firm then
mo\ed to 616-618 West Forty-fourth street. New York, where it continued
until the organization of the present company.

h'or a long time Mr. Maupai had kept his eye on North Hudson. He
knew there was an extensive field for his endeavors here. When the com-
pany was organized it settled in \\'est New York, where it is the intention
lo remain. Principal patrons of the company are local silk mills.

Officers of the company are: President and treasurer, F. P. Matipai ; vice-
])resident, E. L. Maupai.

In this connection may be mentioned the progress of F. P. Maupai,
founder of the company. He came to America thirty-one years ago, and
was taught the dyeing l)usiness by an old and experienced German dyer in
Jersey City. He later worked in, Philadelphia. He came to New York in
1887, worked in the best dye houses there and established himself in l)usiness.
as stated, in 1889.

His son, E. L. Maupai, learned his trade in Germany, Switzerland and.
France. The company has American, I^^nglish, Belgian and German patents
for blending artificial silks and special methods for.dveing the same.

BcUmnn Urank lUrarkcru (JLampanj!

IS not g-ciicr;i.ll\ kimwii thai in Xorth Hudson is located one of the
most important textili' indn^liMcs outside of silk manufacture in the
countrw ^'e^ this i> ihe case, tlie concern l)eing- the Ijellmau Brook
r.leacherv (.'ompanN at h'airview. 'Idle l)usiness can-ied on \>y this company
includes the bleachini;-, nierceiM/.int;-, dyeing- and linishing ot cotton goods in
ihe i)iece. Its operations are so extensixe that it recpiires the assistance of
2J5 emplo_\-ees. Tluiidreds of thousands of dollars worth of cotton goods
are handled in the course- of a yeai' and ihe l)leacher_\- is one ol the busy hives
of industr\- in ihe counl\, which, because of ils localioii. is hidden troni the
( irdinary obser\er.

The i)lant occujjied b\ the L>ellman 15rook l>leachery Ccunpany is a large
(inc. It is just oti' the ilackensack IMankroa.d in Fairview. Many who travel
this road b\- trolley, auto or other means ha\e woiidei-ed what the big i)lant
was and what was done there. If they ha])i)ened to be about at the time ol
o])ening or closing the mills the\- saw an a.rm_\- of workmen such as the}'
supposed could hardly exist outside of the big cities or more tliickl}' settled
commtinities.

The IJellman iirook lileachery C'om])any was organized in 1905. It laid
its base of ojjerations along the little known Bellman Brook in Fair\iew,
from which brook it takes its name. The concern is capitalizefl for $400,000.
The stock is principally owned by its officers, who are all acti\el}- interested
in the conduct of the business of the plant. These officers are: President,
llenjamin I. Ward; treasurer, (leorge \^an Keuren ; secretary, H. W. Beecher.
These gentlemen are all well known in the lousiness world.

It is mostl}' because of the fact that their work is done for the trade and
general adx'ertising has not been retpiired that so little is known of the firm
outside of its own particular working ground in lludsim County. .Vmong
cotton goods mantifacturers the firm is known far and witle. It is said that
its i)rocesses for the work for which the compain- was organized are among
the most adx'anced in the entire countrw This must be so because the com-
pain- has the work of so man\- manufa.cturers of cotton goods to finish.

(Enlutttbta ^tlk Su^iug Murks

3N none of the bigger concerns of the kind in the country is more care
or pride taken in the work than that done by the Columbia Silk Dyeing
Works of 316 Barclay street. West Hoboken. As a consequence the
work of the concern has grown to splendid proportions since the erection of
the plant a few vears ago. A good deal of the silk made in North Hudson
is dyed at this plant, and there are also customers from other points where
silk is made.

The Columbia Silk Dyeing Works is splendidly equipped for the dyeing
of silks of all kinds. The plant is not so large that a certain formula is used
for big batches, trusting to the quality of the goods to take the colors properly.
Every piece of goods brought to these works is examined carefully with a
view to seeing how best it can be treated to obtain desired results.

Because of this great care the silk dyed here is generally recognized among
silk manufacturers as being dyed the best that skill and science can devise.
Some manufacturers believe it necessary to give the dyers instructions in
their work, but those who deal with the Columbia people know that such
instructions are not necessarv there.

■^jrTTF. Jersey City Poster Advertising Company was established in 1857
ifl, l)y A. P. Rikeman, who was succeeded by Rikeman & O'AIealia, and
^^ later was incorporated as The Jersey City Billposting, Display Adver-
tising- and Sign Company, with James F. 0"Mealia as president and H. F.
( )'Mealia as secretary. Later the name was changed to The Jersey City Poster
Advertising Company. The Imsiness extends throughout Hudson Count},
with connections over the entire State of New Jersey. The connections also
enal)le the C()m])an\- to cover the entire United States. Canada. Cuba. Haw'aii
and the Philipi>ines.

The company advertises Jersey City as "The Gateway to New York."
and claims to have the greatest railroad showings in the world. In all its
a(hertising matter, sent broadcast throughout the United States, it always
endeavors to boom Jersey City. It owns 1500 large bulletins and billboards
with a covering surface of 100,000 square feet.

The allied companies include the Jersey Cit}-. North Hudson, Bayonne.
Hoboken. Hackensack, Monmouth, Asbury Park and Paterson Poster Ad-
vertising Comj)anies, and cover all trunk line railroads and terminals, all
suburban railroads and terminals, all ferries to New York City from Jersey
City, all large cities, all connecting trolley lines, the counties having the
largest i)opula.tion in the State and the most prosperous towns with more
than half the population of New Jersey.

The company is in the metropolitan district. The farthest town is
within forty-live minutes from Broadw-ay. More people reside in this
district who do Imsiness in New York City than reside in New York City
itself.

The railroad showing covers the Pennsylvania. Erie, Central of New
Jersev. \\'est Shore and Lackawanna Railroads and their connecting lines,
the Baltimore and Ohio, Philadelphia and Reading, Lehigh N'alley. New
York. Ontario and ^^'estern. Susquehanna. Morris and Essex, Newark and
New York. New York and Long Branch, Northern of New Jersev, New
jersev and New York, and New York and (greenwood Lake Railroads.

The billboards are all in prominent locations on boulevards, principal
thoroughfares and drives and on trollev lines leading to all ferries to New
York City. Brookl}n. Staten Island, Newark and subtirbs. Rtitherford. Pas-
saic and Paterson. The population of this territory is composed of pros-
])erotis. well-to-do people who appreciate billboard advertising.

The company does hotise-to-hotise distribtiting. A regtilar force of
distributors w^orks tinder the personal su])ervision of experienced foremen.

It is a sign painter, and its l^tilletins are displayed in equally good posi-
tions as its bill])oards. It employs only first-class painters.

The cities and towns, with railroad showings, covered bv the allied
companies, follow^: Jersey City District. — Jersey City. Bayonne, \Vest Ho-
boken. A\"est New^ York. Union Hill. ( iuttenberg. W'eehawken, Homestead.
New Durham. Tyler Park and Secaucus. Hoboken District. — Hoboken.
Hackensack District. — Hackensack, Englewood, Fort Lee, Hasbrouck
Heights, Kingsland. Leonia. Little Ferry, Lodi. Lyndhurst, Bogota, Carl-
stadt. Cherry Hill. Coytesville. East Rutherford. Edgew-ater, ']\Iaywood.
Grantwood, Palisades Park, Ridgefield Park, Ridgefield, Tenaflv. Teaneck,
Westwood and Fairview. Key])ort District. — Keyport and Matawan. As-
bury Park District.^Asbury Park. Ocean Grove. Bradley Beach. Avon.
Belmar, Spring Lake, Point Pleasant, Como, Sea Girt. Manasquan. Allen-
hurst and Tom's River.

James F. O'Mealia. present owner, is one of the best-known men in
Jersey City. He is a leading member of the B. P. O. E. He is a hundred-
point man in anything he undertakes. He acts his thought, and thinks little of
the act. This has been ably demonstrated by the remarkable progress of
the company. He is a member of the lersev Citv Chamber of Commerce.

-tS.!

3nii^pruiiinit ICIamp auit Wm (fin.

,M().\(i the larger manu-
farturiii^- pl.-mts of North
I luilsim IS that of the In-
(k'])rn(lriit Lain;) and Wire Co.
In.-., at 33'')-53cS (;regory Ave-
nnc. \\\ (.■hawkeri. This com-
]:'an\-. (jrganized and incorporated
nndcr the hiws of Xew Jersey
in njij, conchicts two factories,
one at ^'ork, I'a., and the other
here. Tlie company is incor-
porated for ^1,703,000, employs
in its local plant 300 people, and
has sa'e offices in all the large
cities of the country.

In the Weehawken branch
; re manufactured drawn wire
Tungsten lam])s for train lighl-
ing, automobile head lights,
and the !\'gular l:inips ft.ir illumination of buildings. At York, Pa.,
asbestos insulated magnet wire for electrical machiner\-, field and armature coils
are made. The Weehawken brancb was formerly the i>lant of the Heany Lamp
Co., which business was taken over b\ the nev\- company.

Some of the largest steam anil electric railroads, also leading manufactur-
ing industries, use the products of this company, which speaks for their high class.
Instead of spending large sums for advertising it has been the ]^olicy of the
])resident, .Xathan. llofheimer, to ])a\- high salaries anrl wages, thus insuring
the best ])roducts. Under his management and that of ( ieneral Manager 1)'".
A. |. Liebmann a splendid engineering organization has been built up.

( )fficers of the company, besides those mentioned, are: vice-president, E.
R. Campbell; secretar} . R. 15. Dana; treasurer, R. K. 1 )ana. The directors
are: Xathan Hofheimer, F. 1'. Stewj'rt, Lester llofheimer, C W. Dewev and
\\. R. Cami)bell.

signs, etc

Amrrirau iCrafi l^nxnl (Enmpany

^r HE factory of the American Lead Pencil Company, located at Fifth,
l|L Clinton, (irand streets, and Willow avenue, is the oldest factory in
^^ the United States, manufactin-ing a complete lead pencil. It was estab-
lished alidut the year i860, and comprised at that time, one small building,
located on the corner of Fifth and Clinton streets, which still stands, and is
known as Building No. i. Since that time the growth of the factory has
been a steady one, until at this time Building No. 21 is being erected.

As the business grew from a comparatively small beginning, so has the
number of em])loyees. At this date there are employed by the company
over 2,000 people.

In addition to the manufacture of complete lead pencils, they also manu-
facture penholders, rubber erasers, rubber bands, compasses, and kindred
novelties. All these goods are subdivided into many styles and classes —
for instance, there are manufactured in the Hoboken factory alone, over 500
different grades, classes and styles of black lead pencils, ranging from the
ordinary kind to the very finest made an\\vhere in the world, namely, the
'A'enns" Pencil.

The graphite for these pencils comes chiefly from Bohemia and Mexico,
the clay also from Bohemia, and the cedar from the company's forests in
Tennessee and other Southwestern states. The rubber used for rubber tips
on pencils, rubber erasers, and rubber bands, comes chiefly from Brazil. The
graphite, clay, cedar and rubber are all received at Hoboken in the raw or
natural state, and the complete work of manufacture of the lead pencils from
their very inception, is done in the numerous departments of the company's
factory.

■ The crowning victory of the products of the American Lead Pencil Com-
pany Hoboken factory was the introduction of the 'A^ENUS" Pencil, which
today holds first place in pencildom the world over. No other American
manufacturer has a pencil like it. It is made in seventeen different degrees —
from the very softest to the very hardest known — as well as two copying
degrees.

In addition to the large factory at Hoboken, the American Lead Pencil
Company has oflices in Europe, four lumber mills in the South and South-
west, and a factory in London, England, where certain European wants arc
taken care of.

Hrrntau 01. S>trtnhnff

^■r ( ) Hermann C. Steinhoff. whose hot houses and place of business are at
i|L 5/8 Hudson Boulevard. West Hoboken, belongs a place among- the
^^ leading florists of North Hudson. His business is one that has been
firmly established for many years past and one which will be conducted for
many years to come because of its magnitude and prominence.

Mr. Steinhoff may also be classed as a progressive florist. He is one of
those men naturally born for the work of a florist, and if he had the capital
and backing necessar}-. there is no (juestion that he would be the Luther
Burbank of the fraternity of florists in this section. He is continually making
improvements through experiments and the flowers and potted ])lants he
raises are well known in the metropolitan markets where he has a very large
trade.

Of course, in common with other florists. Mr. SteinhofT caters to the
markets and to the fashions in flowers, but while doing so he does not forget
that every little while something of a new nature in horticulture is advanced.

A pleasant half hour may always be spent with Mr. Steinhoff when he
is at his place of business. His one hobby is flowers and plants. He under-
stands them thoroughly. He knows their habits. He treats them as humans.
He nurses and pets them — and they respond to his treatment by being
bounteous in their reproduction. He has some interesting plants and is al-
ways willing to show them and give their history to any one interested in
his line of work.

&mtH Mnx

'€

J-^W i.^ MAX was born in Russia,
May 15. 1864. His parents were
Harry and Rose Max. His
father died when Lewis was but five
N'ears of age. He started to work as a
mason's helper when a mere bo}' and
has received no education except what
he has learned through actual business
experience.

He has risen to a position of prom-
inence in Jersey City's business world,
is well known in charitable circles, is
a member of the (lerman Hospital
and many other organizations and in-
stitutions. He is j)resident of the Clinton .Amusement and Improvement
Company and a director of the Denver Consumptive .Sanitarium. He is
among the largest propert}- owners and realty dealers in Jersev Citv.

\\ hen Mr. Max arri\e(l in America he settled in Jersey Citv and secured
work as a glazier on a large farm. Since then his progress has been remark-
able, the more so because he has always been a liberal man. and any charitable
movement of any im])ortance will usually find him a supporter.

He has bulit up a l)ig business in glass at 52-56 Greene street, and nine
\ears ago he purchased the old \'reeland estate on Bergen avenue, Jersey
City, and has converted it into a handsome home. His work is found in
many large buildings in Xew York and throughout the country.

Besides his own he has raised two families, one his brother's and one
his sister's, who both died while the children were young. There has never
been anv distinction between these and his own children and thev vet dwell

together in perfect harmonv.

His hobby is his home.
81

(gariiufi- Si MitkB (Eo.

Sill': hislury of the (iardiKT ^: Meeks C()iiii)any. retail dealer in lum])er.
is wdrthy of much more extensive space than can be given it in a work
>uch a> ihis. I'oundcd in 1852, it is the second oldest concern of its
kind in Hudson C'ounlx. Its operations have carried it through the great
ci\il war of iS()i to i8()5, during which time it escaped the fate of so many
enter])rises which were forced to the wall.

From the inception of the business, which was founded by Robert (iardner.
it has tiourished. Year after year has added to the general poi)ularity of
the firm among ct)ntractors because satisfaction was sure by dealing with
the concern. It has always maintained an integrity second to none in the
count}- and that integrity is carefull}- preserved by its present officers.

Idle main office and \ards of the compaii}- are located at Htidson avenue
and Unit)!! street. Union Hill. Besides this there is a dock and storage yard
at (kittenberg. At both the main yard and storage yard there is always
a large stock of lumber coiistanth- on hand. AVhere in stressful times other
companies have compelled patrons to wait until their orders cotild first be
obtained, the Gardner & Meeks Company could ahvays deliver promptly any
order left with it at any time.

There are twenty-four employees of the firm and the}' are grouped into
an organization of the utmost efficiencv. That is one of the strong points
of the Gardner & Meeks Compaiiv, and it is because of efficiency in manage-
ment and efficiency in the disposition of its w^orkmen that it has weathered
the storms of hard times and the fair weather of business prosperity with-
out ever once having its integrit}' impaired.

AA'hen it was organized the office of the company was in Idoboken.
but it was later moved to Union Idill and it has been at its ])resent loca-
tion for a number of years past. Being centrally located it is in a ])osition
to give the most excellent service to its patrons, a fact wdiich is generally
appreciated by contractors and others who w^ant lumber wdien they want
it. Because of this fact the business has grown and is growing as probably
no other lumber supply firm in the count\- has grown.

At present the firm is entirel}- in the hands of the Meeks familv. Th'e
officers are: President and treasurer, Hamilton \". Meeks; vice-]M-esident.
Clarence (r. Meeks; secretary. Howard \'. Meeks. T^ach of the officers has
his work cut out for him and strict performance of that \vork is re(|uircd.

The meml)ers of the firm are live, wide-awake citizens. They are all in-
terested in town betterments and municipal improvements. Hamilton V.
Meeks has been A'ice-president of the Hudson Trust Company since its organi-
zation. He is a member of the board of trustees of that financial institution.
He has been president of the New Jersey Lumbermen's Protective Associa-
tion. He is foremost in many projects for the improvement of the commun-
ity. He has never dabbled in politics for his own aggrandizement, but he
has ahvays taken a keen interest in good gcivernment, in county, state and
nation.

Clarence G. Meeks is a member of the board of managers of the Hoboken
Bank for -Savings, the only strictly savings bank in the countv. He is a
trustee of the New Jersey Uumbermen's Protective Association.' He is also
keenly alive to the benefits of good government and his influence is alwavs
found on the side of what he believes to be right in political affairs. To' a
large degree he is independent and progressive, which fact is echoed in the
business of the (Gardner & Meeks Companv.

Financially the Gardner & Meeks Company is one of the soundest firms
in the country. It has extensive dealings throughout the big lumber pro-
ducing regions and an order from the concern is regarded as "good as gold"
by lumbermen generally.

(jlliarba WHm

HARLKS WEHER, who conducts a
window shade and picture frame
manufacturing Inisiness vvitli a splen-
(hd and ever growing patronage at 612
Washington Street, llohoken, was born in
New York City. March 29. 1859. His edu-
cation was hmitcrl and while yet a boy he
learned the trade of lithographic printer.
On August 29, 1892, he established his pre-
sent business at 518 Washington Street.
On May i, 1912, it had grown to such
large proportions that it was necessary to
seek larger quarters.

Mr. Weber is one of those men one has
to know tf) like. The more one knows him
the better he is liked. He "wears well," as
the saying goes, and friends Tie has made
during his long career as an honorable busi-
ness man are lasting friends. He is a lover
of art and good books and is never so
hr!]ip\- as wdien he can rest from his busi-
ness cares and indulge in the enjoyment of these two hobbies.

He is always ready to participate in a movement for the betterment of
his town and its conditions. He is a member of the Board of Trade and be-
lieves the city would be better if all the members lived up to the ideals of that
organization, lie believes in ])ractical charit\- and is a member of Hoboken
Lodge, Xo. 74, B. P. O. E., because there he can exercise his charitable in-
clinations in an unobtrusive way. He does not care to have his name shouted
from the housetops and prefers honest service to his patrons to pandering
])u])licity. 1 le regards photograph}- as one of the highest forms of art and is
an ardent member of the Hoboken Camera Club. He has some splendid
photographic studies of his own work in this direction.

(great Atlanttr mis JJarifir €ca (Hompauy

/•<t\ 1' '^'-'- ^'i^' concerns doing business in Hudson County today none is
(||j m..re i)rominent than the Creat AtUmtic and Pacific Tea Company.
^^ lis stores are scattered throughout the county in places most con-
venient for thrifty housewives, and it does a general grocery business on a
mao-nificent scale' which permits buving at prices so comparatively small to
those charged bv individual grocers that the stores of the company are always
welcomecrin anV community and always largely patronized.

This l)usincss was organized in i'859. as the Great Atlantic Tea Com-
pany. It was the first of the great companies doing a grocery business to
become its own jobber to its many branches. Since organization its success
compelled manv imitators and now combinations such as this are quite
common, but it is n(-.table that the company has always kept in the vanguard
of low prices to the consumer and with comparatively small publicity has
growat to its present mammoth proportions.

The companv is under the control and management of the well known
Hartford familv.' The ofiicers are: President, George H. Hartford; vice-
president. John A. Hartford; secretary. Edward A'. Hartford; treasurer.
George L. Hartford. The capital of the company is $2,100,000. all paid in.
None*' of the stock is for sale. In Hudson county alone there are about i.ooo
employees, and one of its jobbing branches for the distribution of merchan-
dise among its various stores in this vicinity is located in Jersey City.

To keep the prices down and the quality up has ahvays been the one aim
of the companv. To this has been added a general efficiency and courtesy
which make it a pleasure to shop at the company stores. In central locations
wdiere its stores are established there are jobbing houses. These operate to
keep down expenses much better than if there was but one jobbing house,
shipping its goods to all parts of the country. The groceries the company
handles are shipped direct from the factory to these jobbing houses and from
them are distributed to the stores supplied by jobbing branches in so sys-
tematic a manner that the superintendent of each district can always know
at a glance just what is needed in the various stores in his jurisdiction. The
teas are imported direct from the company's own plantations. These are
distributed to the jobl)ing houses and again to the retail branches as occasion
demands.

^^'ith such an extensive organization and one central house buying for
all, it is possible to buy at much closer margins than individual grocers can
buv. With such gigantic operations the margin of profit in each store is
kept much smaller than in individual enterprises. AX'ith its own jobbing
houses the company is enabled to cut out the middleman's profit. With all
these factors working together the company can. and does, make the cost to
the consumer, appreciably less than the individual storekeeper could do and
exist.

The companv maintains a splendid publicitv organization. Its advertising
covers a large area, as practically the same prices prevail everywhere the company
operates. The cost of advertising is large, but it is made infinitely small for each
individual store because the prices quoted include those offered at all the stores.
In this manner the cost of advertising is so infinitely small that it does not have
to be reckoned in the cost and profits of goods bought and sold.

Buying, distributing and selling is carried on so efficiently that there is a
minimum of cost in every department. Tliis also operates to keep down the
selling price of staple and fancy groceries, teas and coffees. The farm and dairy
products are handled so that only the best at the very lowest prices are oft'ered
patrons of the company. Everywhere a strict system of inspection is in vogue
to see that nothing but first-class products are sent to the jobbing department for
distribution among the retailers.

3lam?fi UJrQIaftVry

^^AMKS McCAFFERY, who conducts a model bakery at 131 Monticello
II avenue, Jersey City, is one of those men who has realized that business
^-^ conditions and ideals ha\c changed and in no business more so than in
the preparation of bakestuft's for the community served by him.

His bakeshoj) is all that is claimed for it. It is entirelv above i^Tound.
is s])lendidlv ventilated, is operated by men whose spick and span cleanliness
is tile comment of hundreds of visitors who have inspected his shop. Every
utensil is kept shinin*^ and and there is none of that repeated baking without
washing of various batches in one utensil so common among the bakers of
a few }ears ago.

Among the inno\ation> in the modern bakery is an electric mixer ma-
nipulating as much flour and dough as a thousand bakers with ten thousand
wooden spoons could accomplisli a few years ago. Machinery vibrating to
the sliglitest ])ush of an electric button, is doing the work much better,
cheaper atid in a more sanitary manner than ever was dreamed of by the old
time baker of but a few years ago.

The progressive bakers, of whom McCaffery occupies a prominent place,
have brought together two essential factors for the success of business in-
telligence and labor with a result that they occupy a position among the
foremost business men of the county. They bake bread that is plain and
wholesome and cake made with i)ure flour, fresh eggs and genuine extract
flavoring.

McCafi^ery is among those bakers who \-oluntarily spend thousands of
dollars in machinery and clean surroundings, insuring the ])ul)lic bread and
cake untouched by human hands in its preparation because thev realize that
it is by this method that they will win the confidence of the public in their
various enter])rises. The boss baker of today, and more especially Mr.
McCaft'ery, is a business man. as well as bakers. They sit in their offices
managing their businesses and they see to it that among their workmen there
is none of the perspiration and grime with dough and flour clinging to them
as was the case a few vears ago.

Amman & l^ttBmx

0^ HE FIRM of Animou & Person, founded in 1891 ))y W". E. Amnion and
/fl W'm. Person, has done more, perhaps, to popularize the use of butterine
^^ (official name (ileomargarine) than any other manufacturer and handler
of this product in this country, if not in the entire world.

From its incei)tit)n the tirm of Amnion & Person began the education of
the public in ihe processes which go to make up this product now so ex-
tensiveh- used as a substitute for ])Utter. They showed how by sanitary
manufacture a product even more clean and wholesome and altogether better
for human consuniptitMi than ordinary butter could be obtained at a much
less cost to the consumer. The one product during all this time of this firm
has been handled under the copyrighted name of Baby Brand Butterine.
Done up in neat and attractive packages thi-^ product has attained a remark-
able sale throughout the East.

Some seventy-five employees are necessary to turn out the demanded
product of Baby Brand Butterine at the present time. The firm is capitalized
at $100,000.00, all paid up. None of the stock is for sale and the corporation
is a close one, the business was incorporated in 1908. The officers of the
corporation are: President, J. J. Baumann ; vice-president, C. D. Boyd; sec-
retary and treasurer, D. \'an Ness Person.

The office and warehouse of the company are at Fourth and Henderson
streets, jersev Citv, and the factories are located in Columbus, (3., and
Chicago, 111. Here, under special sanitary conditions Baby Brand
Butterine is churned. There is no secret in the process of manufacture.
A'isitors are welcome and shown through the plant at any time. The most
cleanly conditions prevail. The workmen must all be cleanly dressed and
their hands and persons must be scrupulously clean. Only the best and
purest of l)utter oils and fats are used in the manufacture. The finished
product is moulded in oblong bars and neatly wrapped in waxed paper,
placed in an attractive carton and carried to the refrigerating plant where it
is kept awaiting delivery.

So popular has the use of Baby Brand Butterine become that thousands
of dealers throughout the East handle and sell this product.- The business
is constantly increasing and more than once the wtjrking force has had to be
added to in order to supply the demand. By the process of manufacture as
practiced by Amnion & Person this product is not onl_\" attractive to the eye,
Ijut to the taste as well. Many consumers prefer it to butter. There is none
of the flat taste which used to characterize oleomargarine when it was first
introduced. Baby Brand Butterine is a delicacy, as well as a necessity, to
many well ordered tables.

Baby Brand Butterine has been recognized bv pure food experts as an
altogether satisfactory substitute for butter because of its purity and whole-
some ingredients. Chemical analysis has shown it to contain only recognized
health-giving foodstuffs. Those who have used the product are loud in their
praise of it. It has given the utmost satisfaction wherever it has been used.

The campaign of the Amnion & Person Company has been unique. The
company came into existence wdien butterine or oleomargarine was regarded
as impure, unsanitary and unhealthy. Through persistence in manufacture
and insistent publicity it has lifted its product to a level where it is higlilv
respected as a foodstuft' of the first quality. Of course, not everyone care's
to use butterine. l)ut it is no longer objected to on the ground of impurity or
unhealthiness. Those who are conversant with its manufacture regard it
as almost as perfect a dairy product as natural butter, and unless the butter
be of the first quality as even superior to it. for butterine is made by an
unvarying formula which insures uniformity of taste, puritv and wholesome-
ness, attributes which are never certain in the most careful manufacture of
natural butter.

iF. Uinzmauu

A\lSri' to the hakcry conducted l)y \\ W'ciziiiann at 402-406 Hoboken
avenue, Jersey City, is a revelation to those who ha\e never seen the
inside of a modern bakery. In the old time bakcshops, the scene was
one wliich disi^aisted the man who was particular as to what he ate. Bakers
in dirt\- aprons, perspiring- freely and with underclothes which reeked with
Fdth, kneaded the doug-h for bread and cake and performed the necessary
operations for the preparation of bakestuffs. These were then baked in tins,
swabbed with foul smellinj^ grease and stacked up by hand in dirty places,
to be delivered for consumption.

Tt)da\- all this is changed. Men are attired in the cleanest of aprons.
Their underclothing- is clean, 'i'heir hands are washed. They are not re-
quired to touch the breadstulTs ])y hand. Doughs are thoroughly mixed, cut
into loaves and tinned by machinery. They are placed in the oven in a
sanitary manner and when removed, are ])ut in the cleanest spots imaginable
and there kept in a purely sanitary manner for delivery.

Tills transformation is found in the W'eizmann bakery. Instead of being
an underground shoj), it is all above ground. Inhere is ])lentv of air, light and
ventilation. Anyone may see the interior workings of the ])lace, and visitors
are welcome. The very sight of the careful cleanhness gives one an aj^petite
for foodstuffs as they are now baked. Even tlie wagons are thoroughly
cleansed before each trip. The l^reak and cake ai-e carefully packed. There
is none of the hit-and-miss style of baking and delivering which existed but
a few years ago.

Men of W'eizmann's stamp are res])(insible for the changed condition of
affairs. He has gone ahead and built his bakery along the most approved
modern lines, has made it a model bakery. He has not made much of a stir
about doing so, but one may rest assured that foodstuffs coming from Weiz-
mann's are baked, j^acked and delivered under the most sanitar\- conditions
possible.

SlinmaH 31. i^t^iuart (He 3m.

^Vf NDOUBTEDLY the largest and most progressive business of its kind in
4fl Hudson County is that of tlie Thomas J. Stewart Company, Inc., at Erie
■^^ and I-'ifth Streets, jersey City. This is a combination warehouse and car-
pet cleaning business estabhshed b\- Thomas j. Stewart in 1879. I-'rom its incep-
tion the business has steadily grown luaking necessary increased storage and
cleaning facilities. Today the business occupies a six-story building. 60x60 feet
two wings. 20x60 feet and 20x100 feet respectively. There is also a branch at
liroadway and Forty-sixth Street. .\ew York Cit}-.

.Mr. Stewart was the originator of the storage warehouse and mcjving van
business in Jersey City. The success of his enterprise is due to business ef-
ficiency, rugged horiesty. and an earnest desire to give patrons full value for
ever\ dollar exjiended. It is a business which has grown because of the sterling
character of the nuin behind U and i> fi-undecl firmly l)ecause builded well.

Tile im])ro\ed building of tlie Thomas J. Stewart Company represent-: a
tribtUe to nearly half a century of honest endeavor and good, hard, well directed
work. The company has always operated under its time-honored puzzle (trade
mark) motto. "Honesty Is the liest Policy." Every business courtesy and
special advantage offered bv the house is extended to its patrons. There are
no secrets in the house of Stewart. Anyone who wants to see how furniture
and pianos are stored or how carpets, rugs and all floor covering are cleaned,
is welcome at the establishment at any time. The building has been erected with
a special view of facilitating the business of the company.

The basement floors are paved with a heavy bed of cement ; dust-proof,
rat prooi, fire-proof, and water-proof. The other floors are of the most solid
timbers and iron, including the graceful clock tower which surmounts the
btiilding.

In the basement is a powerful CcjrHss engine of a most superior make. Xo
fire is permitted in the building or any stuoking allowed, which is so often the
cause of fires; nor is any building better provided with means for extinguishing
fire should any hap]:)en to break out.

In the separate building, which is devoted to carpet cleaning, are the ma-
chines and appliances by means of which the work of cleansing and renovating
is done. Special machinery for India and Turkish rugs, draperies and delicately
woven fabrics. A glance at the operation of these will convince anvbodv how
thorough and perfect is their work. The machinery beats on the back and brush-
es on the face, acting uniformly on every square inch of the fabric. Xo violence
is done to the face of the carpet.

The dust, moths, and refuse blown and driven out of the carpets are sent
through a system of pipes and blowers into a closed room.

The arrangements for moth-proofing ca!-pets are perfect. This is an im-
portant consideration for those who are going away for the summer. The com-
pany will take up \(nir carpets, clean every vestige of dirt, moths, etc., from
them, then by a patented process, belonging onK- to the company, render them
thoroughly moth-proof, and store them safely. Then. v\henyou want them the\-
will be laid in the best style for you., all at reasonable cost.

The storage business includes all kinds. The compartments are of various
sizes. Partitions are all of iron. Each room is tightly closed, but perfectly
ventilated and each lot of goods is stored tmder separate lock and kev. There
are separate rooms for pianos, organs, mirrors, bronzes, statuary, bric-a-brac,
trunks, carriages, in which special care is bestowed on these articles. Also rooms
for general merchandise of every description.

In the moving of furniture, pianos, etc.. the same care and efificiencv pre-
vail. The vans are padded and enclosed and are in charge of capable and com-
petent men. (joods are moved anywhere by road, rail or water.

In speaking of a business of this nature the man at the helm is to be con-
sidered. Mr. Stewart was born in Xew York, November 23rd, 1856. He was
educated in the public schools of West Hoboken. graduating with' the highest

honors when bnl twelve and a half years of age. He learned the carpet clean-
ing- business with his uncle. Thomas Marshall Stewart, in Xew York, starting as
office boy and being- repeatedly promoted until eventually a partner in the busi-
ness. He is a member of the C'arteret and the Down Town Clubs, and of all
the civic and charitable institutions, including president of Xewman Industrial
Home; president Team Owners" Assn. of Hudson County, of Jersey City. Mr.
Stewart was married at West Hoboken. X. J., February 12, 1885, to Cornelia
llanta, (daughter of George I >. and Emily l>anta) the union bringing seven
children: Thomas j.. jr.; Cornelia ; Arthur 1.; Haxel ; Rijbert ( i. ; and ( )liver
K. Stewart. ( Russel 11. -Stewart deceased.) They have a beautiful colonial
residence in jersey City. Mr. Stewart is a l\ei)ublican in State and .Xational
politics, but is independent in local offices, lie is an ex-vice-president of the
Hoard of Trade of Jersey City, now the Chamber of Conunerce.

Attirnrau Nnit^Ug Prtnttuy an6 lEmlinsBing Uinrkfi

ALTUCiETHEK interesting is the history and business of the American
Novelty Printing and Embossing Works at Third and Clinton Streets,
Hoboken. This business is carried on by John F. McCowan. ex-
ecutor of the estate of John McCowan. It consists of printing and em-
bossing on fabrics manufactured for the domestic wdiolesale trade, at which
one hundred employes are constantly engaged.

The founder of the business, John McCowan, was born at Bar Head,
Scotland, in 1839. He served his apprenticeship as block printer, the
main style of textile printing at that time. He came to America in 1868,
where he also worked as blcK'k printer. He founded the present business
three vears later in 1871, and successfully conducted it until his death
in 1911.

fohn E. McCowan, until his father's death, was general manager of
'he Inisiness, and has had a thorough training and experience in all branches
of the business. Each department is supervised by a competent foreman
under the direction of James Dunsmore, superintendent, who has had an
international experience in the printing and finishing of textiles.

When the firm was founded it was as a blcjck printing establishment.
It then l)ranched out into narrow ribbon, surface machine printing. It
perfected the narrow warp printing for ribbons, and this gradtially developed
into its largest business. '\\'ithin recent years the firm has put in a broad
silk printing plant for the printing of broad silks, chififons and warps.
In 1910, when the firm bought the present plant, it had four printing ma-
chines. It now^ has fifteen machines. It is the largest j)rinter of narrow
fabrics and warps doing business today. The firm has also intalled, the
last few years, a large ntfmber of other textile machines for the handling
of broad and narrow fabrics.

The firm acts as a converter and prints only on other people's fabrics
which are sent to be printed or converted into artistic designs, such as
floral eftects, stripes, plaids or other designs which the trade may demand.
It makes a specialty of warp printing with a reputation second to none.
With the large equipment of machinery the firm is able to handle a large
quantity of material at short notice.

N^ut fork anil Nmit dl^ra^y QIiTtttatnru

3N a section like North lludson, where magnificent accomplishment is
the rule rather than the exception, it is bnt fitting that the best ecpiipped
cremator}- in the vvorUl should ha\e its home. The New York and New
jerse\- Cremator}-, sittiated on the Hudson Bouknard, (ip])osite Humboldt
street, is all that is claimed for it in this respect and all that the i)rogressive
niana.gement nf able business men can make it. Its magnificent building
stands far back in an extensixe park of five acres, which gives the place the
.atmos])here of some restful institution rather than a place for last sad rites
f( ir the dead, \et it fairl}' breathes that dignit}- and refinement which we ac-
cord l(i\ ed ones passed before.

This building- is fitted up in the most elaborate manner for the purposes
for which it was designed. The company has spared no expense in its
i'(piipment for pro])erl}- and imi)ressi\-el}- reducing the bodies of the dead to

ashes. T*roper conception of the fitness of the location, the beaut}^ of the
building and the thoroughness of its equipment can be obtained only b\ a
personal \'isit to the crematorium itself.

The main fioor of the building is de\-oted to offices, reception hall and
chapel; the second floor contains six colunibaria for the retention of ashes
and two waiting rooms; the basement contains a \ault for the temporary
retention of bodies and adjoining the basement are the retorts. There is
nothing aljout the ])lace to suggest or magnif\- the terrors of death. There
are no graves or t(jmbstones in the surrounding grounds, nt:i niches or re-
ceptacles for ashes exposed to A-iew on the main floor of the Iniilding, and
the cha])el is provided wdth an organ, arranged so that such services may be
h.old therein as may be desired. The fee for incineration includes the use of
tlie chapel, with its noiseless elevator in the centre upon which the coffin is

placed and lowered t<i the retorts. These are not ignited until the coffin
Containing- the remains is safely placed therein and locked. Thus there is no
flanie to be seen or odor to be inhaled, and no one need see the reducing- of
the remains to ashes unless he or she so desires. The heat is generated by
gas and when turned on averages about 2000° Fahrenheit, so that it requires
but fortv minutes t(^ reduce the a\erage remains ol 150 ])ounds to ashes.
The only thing removed from the casket is the name plate, and the casket,
whether metal or wood, is i)la.ced in the retort and quickly disai)pears.

After the reduction of the body the ashes are ])laced in a metal recei)tacle,
the name of the deceased endorsed theix'on and placed in the \aults subject to
the orders of the nearest kin. Appropriate urns are provided 1)\- the company
a.t a moderate cost, and samples may be seen any day at the crematorium,
which is ahva\s o])en and ma\' be \isited at an\ time. Niches in the colum-
baria for the retention of urns max be ^ecui"ed at any time by any (ine, whether
the remains were incinerated at this cremattn"ium or not.

The New York and New Jersey Crematory is reached from New York
by way of any of the ferries and is accessible from the I'enns\ 1\ ania, Erie,
],ackawaiuia, New York, ( )ntario and Western and West Shore de])ots. 'Idie
officers of the company are: John Bruning, president; George H. Steil, \ice-
prcsident ; |olin V. n'llara, treasurer; I'^rancis M. McCaulcy. secretary.

Muinu 3rnu Unrka

A.\U)Xli the most iinpurtant induslrics in the countr\ is the Union lion
Works. which occupies practically three-quarters of an entire block, from
565 to C)07 Monroe Street. Mohoken. This is a $75,000 company, organized
in 1900 and incor])orate(l in i<;o8 under the laws of the State of Xew Jersey.
The corporation is a close one. none of its stock being listed for sale anywhere.
The business dune ])y the company is both enormous and far reaching. It
eni])l(iys regularly 100 workers and is (jne of the ver\- busv hives of industry
of the county.

This company turns out hea\y machinery of all kind for regular and
s])ecial piu'poses. Its t)Ulput includes pile driving and excavating machinery,
road builders' equipment, oil locks, tunnel shields, grout mixers, buckets, cars,
])i])e line supplies, contractors" equipment, special work of all kinds, etc.

This company began business in the old building of the United Electrical
company and. as stated, now occupies practically three-cjuarters of the big block.
It has one of the most up-to-date machine shops in the entire metropolitan dis-
trict and is ecjuipped for heavy, as well as light work. The plant also includes
a forge shop, plate shop. etc.. and is thus ec|uipped for everything in the iron
working line. It was the first firm in the country to manufacture double acting
pile hammers, whicli has made the modern method of building foimdations
practical.

Some idea of the inii:)ortance of the Union Iron Works may be found in
the fact that its proposed equipment for raising the Maine in Havana Harbor
was selected after close study of all available types and makes of machinery de-
signed for this pm-])ose. This piece of work did much to make the fame of the
comi^any knowTi aud was the subject of much comment by technical papers in
Europe as well as in the I'nited States.

The firm supplied two pile drivers for driving the foundations for the Hali-
fax piers for the Canadian government. These hammers are the largest in the
world and drove i.ioo 24x24x'')0 to 90 feet long concrete piles without breaking
one.

The firm has branches in l^>oston. Chicago. San Francisco, Los Angeles.
New Orleans. Montreal, Toronto, \'ancouver, Dallas, Baltimore, Philadelphia,
Seattle and Atlanta, besides representatives in twenty-seven other cities in the
I'nited States and Canada. It exports to every country in Europe and South
America, also the Far East, Canada and Mexico. It ships to every state in the
union and its annual output is enormous.

With such a business as that of the Union Iron Works there must neces-
sarily be a very efficient organization and it has been the aim of the com])any to
build this up to a high standard of excellence during its whole business career.
There has never been any labor troubles with the L'nion Iron Works and there
never will be so long as the present management continues, for it is the behef
of those in charge that men and employes are human and should be treated as
such. The officers of tlve companv are: President. M. Schalscha; secretary and
treasurer, W. G. Schalscha.

W. % AtkiuBHu (En.

^0 I CHARD ATKINSON, found-
4K er of the Wm. H. Atkinson
''^ Company Iron \\'oi-ks, at the

iDot of Se\'enth Street. IToboken,
canu' to New \()rk witli his wife
a.nd two sons from Leeds, England,
in the year 1829, where his father
had l)een in business as a millwright
nntil his death in iSj.S.

In iX:^3 Richard Atkinson opened
a small shop in Rector Street, New
\'ork. as a shipsmith, and through
his energy this developed into the
largest l)usiness of its kind in the
harbor at that time, necessitating
the removal to 54 West Street, and
the establishment of three branches
conveniently located along the w^ater
front. The iron work for many of
the American clipper ships, which
\vere in vogue previous to the Civil
\\ ar. was made at these shops. In
1874 Richard Atkinson retired leav-
ing the business in the hands of his
son, Thomas \\'. Alkin>on. who in turn retired in 1885 and turned the works
o\er to his iie])hc\v, W ni. H. Atkinson, who now conducts it. The old West
Street stand was abandoned in 1888. and the business m(»\ed tc^ Fourteenth
Street, Hoboken. and hnalh' ])assing to its present location in 1903. where it
was incor])orated.

I )uring all this time the entire three generations have steadily retained
the same customers, among them being the North (German Lloyd Steamship
Com])any. which has remained on the books for more than fifty years. Be-
sides the harbor trade, mining machinerv, dredges and dredging machinery
ha\e been built and shipped to all parts of the world. This firm lately built
the steel work for the largest copper siuelting furnace in the world, and the
conveying machiner\- for handling the output for the same furnace.

y. HJ. Janssrn

JW. JANSSEN, a wholesale dealer in dairy products at 316 Garden street,
lioboken. has shown himself progressive m his line of endeavor. He
♦ not only operates the main office, located as above stated, but he has
branches at 155 Eighth street and 255 First street. In his local trade he em-
ploys about forty men.

Besides the distrilniting l)ranches already named he has creamery
branches at Little York. N.' Y. ; Earlville, N. Y. ; Whitney Point, N. Y. ;
Greene, N. Y., and Delaware, N. J. He takes the entire output of these col-
lecting branches, distributing them to hotels, restaurants, etc., in Hudson
County, New York and other nearl)y localities. His output embraces every-
thing in the dairy line, butter, eggs, cheese and milk.

"But even with this big business, he is planning greater and better things
for himself and his business and soon will enter the retail field in a building
now being erected at 109-111 Grand street. This will be one of the most
up-to-date plants of its kind in this i)art of the country. A special Pasteur-
ization plant, where this process will be scientifically done, will be among
the accessories. When this is finished he will incorporate the business, of
which he is and will remain sole owner, and expects to double its volume,
which at the present aggregates something like $500,000 a year.

One of the features of his present l)usiness is that he can supply those
who deal with him with milk at least 24 hours ahead of those competitors
who receive their milk in bulk and bottle and Pasteurize it at their own
plants. His milk is all buttled in the country and is brought to the city
properly iced and refrigerated. It is loaded on wagons directly at the trains
and the work of distribution is thus done with no time lost.

Withal he is careful to have only the best and purest of dairy products
handled by either himself or his men. Cows must be milked by the best
methods and by the cleanest of workmen under the most sanitary surround-
ings. His butter and cheese is made in dairy rooms combining cleanliness,
ventilation and healthy workmen and women. He sees to it that nothing
comes to him for distribution that will not pass the most rigid inspection.
His main office and local branches are also models of cleanliness.

In these day? when there is so much talk about hoof and mouth disease, ar.d
otlicr disease^- which aii'ect cattle and which are communicated through milk to
human beings, Air. Janssen's method of obtaining and Pasteurizing milk are
iiniiortant matter? of consideration tc everv consumer. The cattle on everv farm
over which Air. lanssen has control of the output are rigidly and regularly
msjjected for any trace of any kind of disease. Xo jiains nor expense are spared
10 ])rotect the consun.ier.

Ever\ bo. tie of Janssen's milk is perfectlx Pasteurized in the conntr\- before
shipment. This acts as the most thorough ])rotection of the consumer. W"]\h
other dealers the milk is sent in cans to the distributors and is Pasteurized by
ihem. This gives the germs in the milk a chance to develo]:) for several hours
before Pasteurization. With janssen's milk no chance is given the germs to
develop at all. The milk is Tasteurized ])racticall_\- as soon as it comes from the
covv.

Xol oidy is the milk sold b_\- .Mr. janssen made doubly safe in the manner
described, but tlu mofle and manner of shipment insure the consumer fresher
milk than that obtained of the ordinar\- purveyor of milk, there being at least a
difference of twenty-four hours in distribution. An}(;ne can readilv see the
advantage of obtaining strictly fresh and perfectly Pasteurized milk at the same
time. It means more wholesome and healthier milk in ever\- wa\' tlian that
obtained through the ordinary channels of distriljtition.

This extrcnu' care in tln' milking and rastcurizalion of llic milk hanilkd by
\\r. Janssen is characteristic of the man himself. Clean-cut. honest and whole-
some in every waw lie demands, and obtains, the same characteristics in the
products he handles, lie is a man who himself is satisfied with none hul the
best an<l who believes that his palrons are entitled lo the best j^roduct and the
best service it is possible t(j obtain. I le measures the desires of his patrons 1)\'
liis own characteristic of wanting (;nl\ the l)est. and he impresses those witli
whom he has dealings of his absohite desire and abilit}- to give them what they
want.

Time was when such care as this was regardeil as only an extra and unneces-
sarv ex])ense in ])roduction. .Mr. janssen. however, has worked on the princii)le
that by taking extreme caution and letting his i)atrons know he is doing it, and
why. that his irade would increase and i:rofits come in this wa\- quicker and more
surel}' than 1)\- saving at the expense of c|ualit}- and service, which woulcl con-
iinualK' bear an ever increasing cro]) of malcontent consumers. That he is right
is ])roven b\ the wonderful increase in his trade, which has not onl\ made bis new
imilding a ])ossibilit\ , l;ut an alisolute necessity in order to meet ihv continually
increasing demand.s for janssen milk and janssen service.

When janssen enters the retail held he will apply his well known serx'ice to
iliat branch of the industr\-. I lis ])atrons will he assured of the best, and the cost
will be no greater than that for the inferior service of some of the competitors in
tiie same field. Id is preparations for this branch of the business are being care-
fullv made. W hen com]^leted he will have the most efficient force of men and
drivers possible to obtain, lie will conduct it on the same high ]dane that has
characterized his conduct of the wholesale industr\- du"ough all the successful
years of the past.

Men like ^Ir. janssen and business enterprises conducted along high class
lines like his are worth while. It is such men and such industries that lend a
rone to tlie community at the same time elevating and i)raiseworthv. Every sucii
man and business has its influence for the betterment of communities. They are
of the old-fashioned standard of that honor in Inisiness affairs wdnch are both
commendable and make for indix'idual success. The man who has a standard
c-t morals thai dominates his business is sure to be a man resjiected among his
fellows. With all janssen "s praiseworthy characteristics, he is not an austere
man nor one hard to meet. His great hobbv is his business, but he always has
lime to give a pleasant word t(; those with whom be comes in contact, although
he is as busv as a man can well be.

Saufb Mantv

BAVID MAYER. i)a\vnl)r(iker at _M4 First street. Hoboken, is one
(if those men one sometimes meets wlio regards his business as a part
of himself and who does ever\thing^ in his power to make that business
resjiected b} all. Mayer believes that his business should be his first con-
sideration, that the ])rotection of pledges left him b\- his patrons is of_para-
mount im])ortance. that the (ordinary man does not care so much for the man
with whom he is dealing as for the manner in which he is dealt with, that
the more a man does to make his business reputable the larger patronage he
will get, that honest v and fairness toward those with whom he deals will
reap its own reward, and that no one can altord, under any circumstances, to
lose the respect and confidence of those with vNdiom business relations throw
him in contact.

W ith such principles as these the business of David Mayer has grown
and prospered. His business was started in 1890 in Jersey City. It rapidh'
outgrew the limited space he had and he moved to 74 \\'ashington street.
Hoboken, in 1H94. bAen this location soon became too small and he moved
into his |)resent jilace of business in 1903. Two years ago he remodeled
this place at an enormous expense, installing a burglar and tire proof vault,
the onlv one of its kind in the State of New Jersey for men in his class of
business. This was done for the protection of i)ledges left in his care. He
states that it is a. source of satisfaction to hear the many complimentary re-
marks from his ])atrons regarding the care taken of pledges and the courteotis
treatment received at his hands and those of his employees.

Courtesy is demanded from everyone about his premises, to patrons and
prospective patrons. All are treated with great cotirtesy and consideration.
Mr. Ma}er loans money on watches, diamonds and jewelry only. His charges
are as low as the careful conduct of his business will permit. No pledge is
ever sold if he sees a chance of the i)atron redeeming it. Purchasers find his
place a bargain counter, for he is content with small profits. His treatment
of i)atrons is generovis in the extreme. All these attributes have coml)ined to
make the man and ]dace of business of Dax'id Maver regarded highh'.

5p. ICmillarii Qlnmpang

/.^WV all the industries of Hudson County that of the I*. LorilUird Coni-
■ IlJ pan\, manufacturers of more than one hundred and sixty dift'erent
^-^ brands of snutf, tobacco, cigars and cigarettes, has the most extensive
and interesting histor}-.

'Way back in the days before the Revolution, while (ieorge Wash-
ington was still a boy, the industrial seed was planted wdiich has since
bloomed into the tremendous plant of the P. Lorillard Company. This
concern now is not only Jersey City's largest manufacturer and employer
of men. but one of the world's greatest enterprises.

The story of this development down through the years is most inter-
esting. From the beginning it is one of great success — ^of big accomplish-
ments bv each succeeding generation of Lorillards^ — down to the present
successful management.

In 1760 TMerre Lorillard, a l'"rench Huguenot, began the manufacture
of snuff in a mill in the Bronx, New York City. The mill was operated by
water power and is still standing in wha.t is now the Bcjtanical (iarden at
a point near the Mansion. It is pointed out as one of the original New
York's oldest landmarks.

From the year 1800 the direction of the business was carried on from
Chatham Street, which was at that time the High Road from New York
City to Boston. This arrangement continued until the usee of the Bronx
mill was discontinued and the entire business was removed across the
East River to Brooklyn.

At the death of Pierre Lorillard he bequeathed the business to his widow,
who, in turn at her death, bequeathed it to her two sons, Peter and George.
In 1832 George died, and Peter Lorillard, after managing the already ex-
tensive property alone for a time, turned it over to his son and namesake,
wdio successfully conducted the business for nearly thirty years. Peter
then turned it over to his sons, Peter, Jr.. and George.

The year t/f 1870 marked a new and important epoch in the concern's
history. For at that time the business was entirely removed to iii First
Street, Jersey City — the manufacture of tobaccos was begun in addition
to that of snufiFs — and the present firm name of P. Lorillard Company was
adopted. In 1884 the hrm comprised Peter Lorillard, Peter Lorillard, Jr.,
N. Griswold Lorillard and Charles Siedler. Mr. Siedler retiring in De-
cember, 1887.

In 191 1 the I*. Lorillard Co. moved its general offices, together with
part of its manufacturing jilant, to Newark Avenue and Senate Place. Jersey
Citv. The Lorillard building consists of two wings each si.x stories high,
250 feet long and ico feet wide. Fi\e thousand people are employed in
this one plant ; 3,000 more are given employment at the concern's tobacco
factory at iiT First Street and its cigar factory at 104 First Street.

Thomas J. Maloney, for years i)r(^minently connected with the admin-
istration of Jersey City's affairs, and who has done much in the Iniilding
up of its working conditions, is now president of this gigantic concern.
Mr. Maloney became connected with the concern over twenty-eight years
ago. He is a native of New Jersey and has always been an active cham-
i)ion of her interests.

The P. Lorillard Co. makes more than 160 different brands of tobaccos,
cigarettes and cigars.

It is the largest manufacturer of cigars and little cigars in the world,
'fhis is due partly to the tremendous yearly sales of the famous Rose De
X'alle high-grade cigars and Between the Acts little cigars.

This concern is also one of the biggest manufacturers pf tobacco,
making all kinds of tobaccos, among the oldest being Century and Climax.
Climax plug tobacco, originated by the Lorillard Co.. was the first tobacco

to which a tin tag was attached as a trade-mark. Century, fine cut. has
been used bv thousands of men throug-hout their lives. Many of its patron-;
are now between seventy and eighty years of age, and they are still using
Century tobacco.

The cigarette business of the Lorillard Company is also tremendous.
This is bes't illustrated in the fact that out of a total increase of two and
a half billion cigarettes for the year 191 3. one and a half billion of thia
increase was obtained l)y the Lorillard Company. Some of the cigarette
l)rands made by the concern are Egyptian Deities, Turkish Trophies. Mogul.
Murad. Helmar. LondtMi Life. Zira and Nebo.

Level Head, a prominent brand of chewing and smoking teiljacco, was
especially put on the market to give the working man the fullest possible
measure of tine t()l)acco at the lowest possible price.

But notwithstanding innumerable such successes. Mr. Alaloney was not
content until he put on the market a high class blended Burley tobacco.
|)Ut u]) in tins. This was the only kind of tobacco which the Lorillard
Company did not make, and as there were several brands of this class
alreadv enjoving an extensive sale. Mr. Maloney had an exceedingly difficult
problem to face, both in obtaining a better blend and creating a market
for it.

In the ljurle\- mixture which Mr. Maloney named Stag — and in the
method he adopted in luarketing it in tins of half the usual cjuantity at 5c —
Mr. Malonev distinguished himself both as an expert blender and merchan-
diser of tobaccos. It has been on the market but eighteen months, yet
its sales during last year compared most favorably with the sales of similar
tobaccos which have been made and sold for many years.

Besides the main branch the company owns and operates l)ranches at
104 and 111 First Street. Jersey City; S. Anargyros. 1310 Avenue A. New
York; Baltimore. Md. ; Wilmington. Del.; Lancaster. Pa.; Richmond. A'a. ;
Middlet'»wn. ( )hio : the Federal Cigar Com])an}' and Luhrman and AA'ilbern
Tobacct) Company.

Such an enterprise as this is of inestimable value to the section m
which it operates, and much of the prosperity of that section of the county
is dtie to the wages and salaries it disburses among its thousands of em-
ployes. The capacity of the main houses and its branches is practically
unlimited for the supply of its products, which are recognized interna-
tionally as the best in their line the market can supply.

M(>X(i the most iin|)< )i"lanl «»! ihc sanitary hake sh()[)s in 1 Unison
County is thai coiuhicted l)y the Savage Baking C()nii)any at i8C)
(Irirtith street, |ersev L"it\' Heights. The lousiness was I'onmled in
igij 1)\- A. 1{. Savage, who had l3e.en a baker in lirooklxn. and wlio some
Tiine \ears ago came to Hudson Count}-, saw an opening in tlie Hudson City
section and I)egan the manufacture of l)akestuffs there in the old waw

Mr. Saxa.ge was alwa\s a ])rogressive baker and for many years he had
the idea of a model bakery and at the first opportunity that ])resented itself
estal)lished this btisiness which has grown to mammoth ])roportions. The
compan}- is incori)orated for $25,000. This capital is all ])aid in and there is
none of the stock for sale. Mr. Savage is, of course, the principal stockholder
and president of the com])an\-. and it is under his direction that nuich of the
])rogress that has been made was possible.

( )ther officers and stockhijlders of the company are: (iertrude R. Savage,
who is secretarv and treastirer. and Emmett Casterlin, who is \ice-president.
The board of directors includes the officers and it is a close corjjoration con-
ducted as a family afi^air.

The chief btisiness of the compan}- is the baking (jf home made white
bread. This is distributed throughout all of Hudson County and a part of
Essex and Bergen Counties as well. Thirty-three wagons and drixers are
constantly employed in the distribution, which is so arranged that it is pos-
sible for the customer farthest away from the bakeshop to have fresh bread
before breakfast each morning. A large part of the trade consists of sui:)ply-
ing grocers, delicatessen stores and branch bakeries. Eor the purely local
trade buns, etc.. are also baked dail}\ but this is but a small part of the trade.

The company em])lovs fiftv-five workmen constantl}- in the making and
distribution of its bakesttifi's. This is a large organization for this class of
business in the count}- and therefore it ranks among the first industries of
the kind here.

The bake shop is modern in every respect. There are niachine mixers
and everything that can possibly be handled by sanitary machinery is so
handled. All machinery must be scrupulously clean, the bakers mtist don
freshl} laundered garments and have ideallv clean hands and bodies before
they are permitted to w^ork. After baking, the foodstuffs are handled in a
most sanitary manner, from the o\'en to the counters and w^agons and thence
to the patrons of the concern.

Mr. Savage is justl}- ])roucl of his success in the bread baking and dis-
tributing lines. His is not a business which just naturally grew. It is the
result of progressive management along the lines of distribution. Saxage
home made bread has become a b}-word in man}- families, as the large output
will show. He makes it a pc^int to employ none but cotirteous drivers. These
he pa}-s well, according to the importance of the different routes. Erom each
he ref|uires a cash deposit, which is carefulh- banked and ne^■er touched, not
so much as security, but because he believes that the man who can sa\ e a
Few dollars by his own indttstrv is the man best suited to deliver a high class
pr( iduct.

Mr. Savage has been a. pic^neer in Hudson County along the home made
bread baking and deli\-erA' lines. Long before the present model establish-
meiit was built he was conducting a Iticrative business. Long before the laws
made sanitar}- bake shops compulsorv. Mr. Savage was condticting a shop
which was talked about favorably b}' all who visited it. But the present
business and building is the crowning glor}- of his work in Hudson County.
Wliatever further development there mav be will be along the lines of natural
growth, for there can be no im])rt)\-ement in the mode and manner of handling
the ]iroduct of the Savage Baking CiMiipany's ovens.

ilnutttain 3r0 CUnmiJanij

3N the Mountain Ice Company, with its main office at 51 Newark Street,
Hoboken, (and with l)ranches in the i)rincii)al cities in Xew Jersey and
Pennsylvania), Hudson County can l)oast of one of the largest dis-
trilnitors of natural ice to l)e found in the entire country. The company was
incorporated March 17. 1902. Its chief officers are: H. W. Bahrenburg,
president and general manager; E. P. Kingsbury, secretary and treasurer;
J. H. Donnelly, assistant secretary and treasurer. Upwards of 3.000 people
are employed during the harvesting season and 1,000 during the shipping
and sales season.

The company is the outgrowth of the ice business established in 1877
by Cooper & Hewitt at Greenw^ood Lake, and Howell Brothers at Fox Hill in
1888, with capacities of 38.000 and 20.000 tons, respectively. The now famous
Pocono Moimtain section in Pennsylvania was opened up to this industry in
1890. The capacities of these plants in Northern New Jersey and the Pocono
section of PennsA-hania have grown under the management of the new com-
pany until the combined storage capacity- now aggregates more than 1,000,000
tons.

Shortly after the incorporation of the Mountain Ice Company the man-
agement realized the importance of surrounding the harvesting and sale of
its product with all possible sanitary precautions. It was one of the first
ice companies in the United States to adopt the use of the large seven-bar
planer, bv which from three to twelve inches of the top surface is removed
at the time of storage, thus making the ice stored free from any possible con-
tamination or snow ice from the surface during harvesting. It was the first
company to wash and flush the cars with well water under high pressure tc
insure a clean car, the first to adopt the use of a sanitary paper for the cover-
ing and protection of ice in transit, and the first ice company in this part of
tlie country to abandon the use of salt or marsh hay and sawdust (for insu-
lating purposes) in direct contact with the ice; thus insuring absolute clean-
liness in storage. The company engages an eminent chemist annually to make
.sanitarv stirvevs and analyses of the water and ice at the various mountain
lakes. These survevs show the ice at the time of storage to be almost sterile
and entirel}- suitaljle for domestic use. (Copies of these surveys are fur-
nished upon request). In addition thereto these properties are operated under
the superxision of the Natural Ice Association of America whose sanitary
surxeys and bacteriological analyses are made annually, prior to the fiu"-
nishing of emblems of certification of the purity of their product.

This ice when melted, makes drinking water ])urer than the best spring
water on the market at al)out (»ne-third the cost, as nine pounds of ice will
make a gallon of water. A'arious manufactttrers who require soft water for
s]>ecific purposes also melt natural ice, as the water from melted ice is soft
and is highly recommended in the sick room, where pure soft water is re-
quired for the i)atient or convalescent. Many druggists use this melted ice
instead of distilled water in making up their prescriptions because they
realize the great adx-antage of it lieing living water, instead of dead, as is all
distilled water.

The economical housewife no longer regards ice as a luxur\-. but looks
upon it as a medium to aid in the reduction of the household expenses, as it
enables her to purchase vegetables and fruits in larger quantities at reduced
cost and keep them in condition b}- means of home refrigeration. The house-
wife also realizes the fact that it is economical to have her ice chest suf-
ficiently large to enable her to purchase ice in cjuantities of 100 pounds and
over. This means fewer deliveries, less annovance and larger storage
capacity for fruits, vegetables, meats and the ''left overs" from various meals.

Pamphlets covering the purity of ice by eminent bacteriologists and epi-
demiologists such as Dr. Eugene H. Porter, health commissioner of New
York ; C. E. A. Winslow, associate professor of biologv. College of New York ;

100

Dr. W . r. Sedgwick. i)rofe.ssor of biolog}-, Massachusetts Institute of
Technolog}- ; l^dwin ( ). Jdrdan. I'h. I)., professor of bacteriology, University
of Chicago; John C. Sparks. B. S., water expert for the city of New York:
M. J. Rosenau. i)r(»fess(>r of ]jreventive medicine and hygiene. Harvard
Medical School, Pxjston; Dr. llihhert W. Hill, director of division of epi-
demiology, Minnesota State Board of Irleallh ; George C. \Vhipj)le, C. E., pro-
fessor of sanitary engineering, Harvard Cdllegc; Edward Bartow, director
Illinois State Water .*^ur^•ey, and other t'niincnt scicnlists will he furnished
on applicati( m.

Although ice has hccn used for all purposes to which it is now ])Ul from
the earliest times of which we have any written record, it is true of it. as of
other articles of common and familiar use. that few people are familiar with
its structure and its physical, chemical and bacteriological nature. If there
is ice enough to cool foods or beverages in warm weather, the public is satis-
fied and leaves the inquiry into the history and physical characteristics of it
to the scientists. Nevertheless, there are many interesting facts about ice
which reveal it as one of the most remarkable products of nature.

( )nc distinguishing jicculiarity is that although cold contracts all other
known sul)stances. ice is an expansion of water caused by the action of low
temperature. Water contracts as it cools until it reaches 39. i degrees E.,
when it is at its greatest density, but from that temperature down to 32
degrees F.. water expands, and when it turns into ice it occupies i/ii more
space than it did as water. Ice is a crystal, and of whatever matter a crystal
may be formed, it is always true that the crystal represents the purest
possible state of that material. Every act of crystallization is one of puri-
fication. The same is true of ice. which is the purest form of the water on
which the ice grows.

Althotigh ice is described as a crystal, it is more accurate to refer to it
as a union of crystals, because it is built U]) of an infinite number of crystal-
lizations of particles of water. As the water in a pond or on a stream
approaches the freezing point, here and there over its surface, there spring
into being slender slivers of ice, and by watching closely it is possible to see
one of these crystals join itself to another and others to them, until the
whole stirface of the water is covered. These crystals are practically pure
water, for, as they form and as they unite to other crystals, they mechanically
push aside any suspended matter in the water, whether dirt or sand or the
salts held in solution in all natural water. The cr}'stals even exclude from
their mass, bacteria wdiich are always present in every body of water. The
well-known fact that the ice formed on the ocean is practically fresh, shows
how salts in solution are excluded from the ice. So strong is the affinity of
these crvstals, one for the other, that to their union they admit no particle
of matter other than water in its i)urest state. We know the facts of this
union and this affinity which are proved by many investigations and from
ordinarv observation, but we do not know w^hy they unite, nor why one
crystal builds itself upon another.

It is this force of crystallization and this power of exclusion of all other
matter which makes natural ice a product ai)parently designed by nature for
the protection and preservation of food and for the benefit of mankind.
Long investigations of hundreds of sources of ice supplies by many dift'erent
authorities in the United States and abroad, prove conclusively that ice is
from 95 to 99% purer than the water on which it forms, always, and that this
purity refers not alone to the absence of matter suspended or floating in
the water, but to bacteria as w^ell. Even from polluted streams, where large
quantities of bacteria are found, the ice will contain such a very small per-
centage of the number in the water as to make the reduction almost
unbelievable. Sanitarians state that in view of this fact, if there is absolutely
no other ice supply for a community than water more or less polluted, it
W(»uld be permissible to use ice from such a source. They are safe in making
that assertion because, so far in the history of the world, there has never been
any disease traced to the use of natural ice.

lOI

in the text books of a decade ago instances were cited by sanitariatis
where epidemics of typhoid were alleged to have been caused by ice, but
recent investigations have led such an authority as Professor William T.
Sedgwick of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Dr. Eugene
H. Porter, for manv years Health Commissioner of New York State, to
declare that thev have Ud faith in ihc allegation^ made against natural ice
in the instances referred to, but are inclined to believe that the charges were
the result of faulty conclusions from insufficient data. As Professor Sedgw^ick
well savs, "If ice were ca])able of causing disease, we would then have the
great e])idemics of tvphoid in iuid-su;umer when ice is most used, when, as a
matter of fact, such epidemics occur in the late fall and in the early spring
when practically no ice is used by a large proportion of the public." Other
investigators, including the Hygienic Laboratory of the United States Public
Health Service, agree in these conclusions.

Thus natural ice has a clear record from the days prior to the Christian
era down to the present time. This is attested, in another and curious way,
bv the fact that although there are 134 words in the English language which
are combined with the word ice, and although it is found in twelve other
modern languages, not a single one of any of these words has anything to
do with disease or disaster or with any utensils or precautions or methods
needed for the purification of or protection from ice. In all the centuries thai
mankind has used ice and has been familiar with it, in no clime and under
no circumstances has it been found necessary to coin a word ascribing
to it any evil tendency or possibilit} .

Auy. Mom^ (Enttral ^ottl nnh l^nfbraubana

3|k UG. MOOS' Central Hotel and Hofbrauhaus at 200 River street, corner
Z\ Second street, Hoboken, is one of the most unique buildings for the
'*' ^ entertainment of men to be found in the county. Mr. Moos started in
the restaurant business sixteen years ago and eight years ago ptirchased a
part of the property on which the Hofbrauhaus stands and btiilt upon it,
adding to it as patronage demanded.

His place soon attained fame in both the old and new world for its
splendidlv furnished and equipped rooms, and two years ago he added the
Hofbrauhaus to his hotel Inisiness. It is unsurpassed for the brilliant socia-
bility known to the German as "Gemuetlichkeit." The decorations are orig-
mal and consist mainly of reproductions of the sketches of Germany's most
famous artist, the late Baron \'on Reznicek. Its cuisine is second to none in
the metropolitan district and leading men of all professions patronize it.

The Central Hotel and Hofbrauhaus is located directly opposite the
Hamburg-American and the North German Lloyd Steamship' lines, is easily
accessible from all local railroad lines and is within ten minutes of the
theatrical, shopping, financial and business districts of New York.

102

A. ffi. Jffiniilau Sc (En.

■^jr U A. 1.. l'"iiullay iS: Co.. pawnbrokers at 450 First street. Hoboken, be-
ll longs tlie honor of bringing to the name of i)a\vnl)roker more dignity
^^ than lia-^ usualK been associated with that class of business. They
conduct ])a\vni)r(iking on a purely business scale, recognizing the fact that
patroijs of these establishments like to be treated fairly and in the same man-
ner as patrons of other commercial and industrial enlerj)rises. It is this class
(^f treatment that is accorded them at the hands of this progressive firm and
becatise of it thev are not made to feel that they have committed something
disgracefttl in being comi)elle(l to temporarily part with some personal pos-
session to raise money for emergencies.

The manager and proprietor of this establishment is Andrew 1.. Findlay.
He was born in Scotland and is now a naturalized citizen of the United
States. He started in business in 1893 and was ten years in one place. He
retired and for a year far inacti\e. Vor three and one-half vears he was
connected with another establishment and then re-established himself in his
present location in 1909. He had a rather hard struggle to inHuence capital
in a business of this kind. l)ut finally succeeded in convincing men with
money that a pawnbroker was not necessarily a moral Pariah.

Mr. Findlay has strong opinions regarding his business. He says it can
be made as clean as any other business, providing the man who conducts it
is clean himself. The business is governed by the law. and he believes that
every pawnbroker, like himself, should live strictly up to the legal re(|uire-
ments. Financed properly by the right jjcople he believes pawnbroking is on
a par with banking. The pawnbroker accommodates the ])oor. with ])roper
security. The banker finances the rich, with proper security. Mr. F^indlay
says pawnbroking is not necessarily a business which takes advantage of the
poor, but one wdiich should accommodate those middle class people who have
no financial standing and can get no bank accommodations. He says if
salaried men who patronize loan sharks would study the advantages to be
derived from dealing with honest pawnbrokers, they' would be much better
off financiallv.

103

Uruuisutirk ICamtbru

^r^j^OST remarkable in its scope has l-ieen the growth of the Brunswick
^IlLL I-'i'^^'i^l'"}' oil Germania Avenue, the recent improvements in this won-
^*^ derful enterprise and its service being the erection of a two-story
structure. 50x140 fee^t. on Tonnele Avenue. Jersey City, to be used as a
shipping room and a garage for the large number of automobiles and electric
motors bv means of which Hudson, Essex and Bergen Counties are covered
weeklv. Together with the large two-story building on Germania Avenue,
which is used for laundry purposes exclusively, it makes the Burnswick
far and awa\' the largest laundry in the State.

Formerlv the Brunswick Laundry made its principal business that of
washing and ironing shirts, collars, cuffs, etc., but the demand of its patrons
for a more extensive service was promptly met. Now. not only the old
laundry system is in vogue, but a specialty is made of rough dry family
washing, and this at ])resent constitutes the great bulk of the l)usiness
done.

Manager Siemanski best explained the new idea in laundry work in
a recent interview, in which he said the industrial development of the
laundry business all over the country and the millions spent in catering
to the demands of people who no longer wished to have their laundry done
at home, made it necessary for such concerns to look well to their welfare ;
to protect the interests of old customers in order to retain their patronage,
and to build up a reputation for reliability in order to secure new patronage.
It is along these lines that the Brunswick Laundry has been built and
maintained.

There was a time when there was just cause for friction between
laundrymen and their patrons. This, however, was in the days when
methods were crude and when laundries had not attained their present
standing in the industrial world. While there are, doubtless, laundries
in which the old system prevails, the Brunswick, in common with other
modern laundries throughout the country, has passed beyond the primitive
stage. Every effort here is made to satisfy customers; to do the family
washing better than it could be done at home; to give laundr}- patrons
more and better service than they ever had l^efore, and to conduct the
business with all the efficiency that the conduct of a great business demands.

Hygienic conditions exist at the Brunswick Laundry. In fact, the
management believes that this is due to patrons, and. acting on this belief,
a business of enormous magnitude, which bids fair to continue in its rapid
and remarkable growth, has been Iniilt up at the Brunswick Laundry.

104

iEii. iFU^rk^ustnu's ^oxxb

'^/^L'L)S()X County can hoast that it has the largest manufacturer of
4|1' sausag-e and fresh holo^na in the United States in the lirni of Va\.
' Fleckenstein's Sons, doing business ir; the Hudson City section of
Jersey City Ileights. W'liile the ])roducts are not nationally distributed,
the firm has built up a local and statewide business in the little more
than three years of its existence, which far and away exceeds anxtlung
of the kind eyer before attempted in New Jerse}-.

This enterprising firm \yas organized May 13. 1911. It consists of
i'jlward !■'. bdeckenstein, Al1)ert \' . b'kckenstein and William X. bdecken-
steni. It is capitalized for ii>25o,ooo. Wdien organized it employed fifteen
men; now there are 114 emi)loyes on the payroll, and the business is still
growing by leajjs and bounds.

Business originally began in a small factory on (iriftith Street, Jersey
City Heights. This factory has been enlarged to take in Nos. 112, 114.
it6 and it8 (Irifhth Street. Another large factory has been erected ai
75. 77, 79 and 81 Hancock Ayenue, Jersey City, ddie main office ami
retail branch of the company is at 328 Central A\enue, Jersey City, and
it has branches at 585 South Tenth Street, Newark, a.nd at 167 Anderson
IMace, Passaic. The factories turn out $1,000,000 worth of products annually.

This company is the largest consumer of btdls for bolognas in the East.
Beef is bought in carload lots from the Western markets. A large per-
centage of the bulls used in its business are imported direct from Canada,
and there is some talk of entering the Argentina market as well. Casings
are imported direct from Europe in enormous cpiantities.

Fifty-six route wagons are used in cc^yering the trade throughout the
State. One liye-ton truck is used exclusiyely to transport bolognas and
sausages to the com])an\ "s Newark refrigerator. One three-ton truck
goes to Passaic daily.

Those who haye an idea that odds and ends of all kinds go into the
makeu]) of sausages and bolognas woitld recei\'e a liberal education in this
particular by paying a yisit to the factories of Ed. Fleckenstein's Sons.
None but prime meats are accepted by the company for manufacture into
its products. E\er}' piece of meat is thoroughly inspected, a.nd if there
is the least sign of disease or decay it is unceremoniously throvyn away.
Of course, this is made necessary under the rigid system of United States
inspection at the present time, but it has always been the policy of the
Fleckenteins, as it was of their father l)efore them, to place the purity
and cleanliness of their products before profits which might accrue from
the introduction of passable meats which close ins])ection would find
unfit for human consumption.

Those who have seen the manufacture of such products under old-time
systems in other places would be agreeably surprised to see the conditions
under which the saitsages and bolognas are manufactured here. Even tho
casings must be of the best. They are thoroughl}' washed and cleansed
before thev are used. The machines in. which the meats and sausages are
ground are thoroughly cleaned at short periods. Everything is as spick
and span as in the best-a]ipc)inted kitchens. Workmen must be cleanl\'
dressed and their hands thoroughly washed before beginning the day's work

Members of the firm are courteous alike to visitors and to their work-
men. They impress upon their workmen the necessity of absolute clean-
liness. They show them the value of self-respect, and make them under-
stand the standard expected of Fleckenstein. The organization is splendid
and complete. The men who make the dail}- distribution are men among
men. In fact, every factor in the organization goes to impress upon the
l^atron or the spectator the integrity and W(irth n\ the l^^leckensteins and
their products.

10:

(S. Iff. MntUn (Kntttpany

A.\I()N(i the (li\crsilie(l industries of lludson County is the plant of
the I". V. Mueller Company of 95 IJoyd A^•enue, Jersey Lity, which
is de^■()ted to the manufacture of macaroni. spag"hetti, eo-q- noodle^
kindred ])roducts. This business is among- the largest of its kind in
countrw and there is turned out from tlie factory about 10,000,000
pounds of these popular foodstutts annual)}. The c<im])an}- is a. half million
dollar concern, and it employs 150 ])e()ple the year round.

an(
the

This business was original

established in 1S67 b\-

C. F. Mueller.
It had a. small beginning, but through the excellence of its products ii
grew and the present company is the outcome. The business has been in the
hands of the Mueller famil}- from its inception.

Among the excellencies claimed for the ])r(iducts is absolute puritw
Thev are made of the highest qualit}' materials and no ex];ense is spared
if the (]ualitv oi the goods can be improved. The products are made in a
clean, well-lie'hted. modern and sanitary factory.

After manufacturing the products are packed in dust and moisture
]iroof packag-es, and because of this they are always fresh, although ^^1 e
rajiid sale of the goods alone would make it imjxjssible to secure anything
but fresh products at any time. The entire output is marketed under the
firm name at the popular price of ten cents a package.

Best (piality farina is used exclusixel}- in the manufacture of the
macaroni and spaghetti turned out here, while the highest standard of flour
and eggs is used in the manufacture of egg noodles. Nothing is left to
guess-work in the selection of ingredients and materials. Everything is
scientiticall}- tested, and if it does not come u]) to the Mueller standard it
IS immediately rejected. In a few months the}" expect to moye in their new
]dant, located on the corner of Baldwin avenue and High street, Jersey City.
X. I., which will give them an increased capacity of three times their present

oUtlJUt.

n)6

i. 1. lElia

. I'.l .1 A, w ho o\vn^ and
conilucls tlie smoking
l)il)f case factory at
^•^SS l\tTri;^an Avenue, West
I lohoken. is one man who has
hrouiL^'hi a novel and successful
husiness to Xorth Hudson.
The character of tlie business
is such that it is known froi>
coast to coast thrnuj^hout tiii
L'nited States and it is
])i"()l)ahl\ tlie lari^est concern
di\oted exclusively to the
nianu faclurr' ol lii])e cases in
tlu' t-ountr\.

Mr. luia employs fifty
workmen at his place. As the
business is but seven years
old. it is easy to realize thai
with this force, it must have
been successful. And Mr.
I'dia is \'ery proud, and justlv
so, of the success he has made.
This c luld not have been
done had it not l)een that he
was experienced in the line
before coming' to West IIo-
lioken.

A visit to the lactcjry of Mr. bdia is a revelation. He is constantly turn-
ing- out a larg'e number and variety of cases called for b\ ])ipe manufacturers
in all i)arts of the country. His specialty, of course, is in the cases for the
higher class pipes. l)ut he turns out no end of cases of all descriptions. In
s])cakino- of pipe cases, one must know that this includes cases for cigar and
cigarette holders. As these, as well as pipes, vary greatly in size, shape and
ornamentation, it is necessary to lia\e a great number of patterns on hand and
to be constantlv manufacturing new patterns and variations of pattern to meet
the demand of the trade. This is all done by a force of skilled workmen, for
in the manufacture of jjattcrns .skilled workmen alone can get the desired
results.

The manufacture of pi]ie cases is interesting. Certain kinds of wood
must be used. This must l)e carved, warped and seasoned, b>- hand and ma-
chinerv, before it is ready for the leather which covers it on the outside and
the ])lush with which it is lined inside. This leather and felt must be attached
in such a manner as to make it appear that the case is made of leather and
plush. There can be no loose ends, for this would spoil the beauty of the case
and detract from the selling ])rice of the pipe enclosed, no matter how good
the pipe. As onlv the best i)ipes are sold in cases, it can be seen that the work
must be done with a care and i)recision which it is not necessary to su])pl\-
witli mail}- other lines of industry.

Withal, the mamifacturi' of pii)e cases is the work of an artist. The de-
signs must follow the lines of the i)ipe closely and the pijie must ht in the
case as snugglv as if each were l)ut part of the other. This Mr. Elia has suc-
ceeded in doing in his busy little factory and it is no wonder that his trade ex-
tends from IMaine to California and from Canada to the gulf of Mexico. _

Mr. Elia has one hobl)\ besides his busines.s — his family. He is married
and is the father of two children.

lo:

Jirrbauiknt iru inrk QI0.

\ '^

^W HE Weehawken Dry Dock Company at the foot of Baldwin avenue, on
i|L the river front in \\'eehawken. is one of the most important of the in-
^^ dustries of the kind in the entire country, and it has vessels from the
entire world stopping" at its docks for repairs.

The business has l:)een established for many years. It is constantly
growing because of the excellence of the service rendered. Work left in charge
here is promptly executed and in many cases promptness is a great factor.
Quality of work, however, is not impaired by promptness of execution, and
under no circumstances is any vessel docked here allowed to leave the dock
until repairs are complete and she is in a perfectly seaworthy condition.

Of course, much of the work done is among the river vessels, especially
those which ply between New York and Albany. These vessels are put to a
much more severe strain tlian one would suppose, and everv winter thev
have to undergo a thorough overhauling at the hands of ship builders and
repair men. The thoroughness of the work at the Weehawken Drv Docks
has brought there much of this class of work.

It is really an interesting sight to watch the overhauling of vessels which
go into drydock for this purpose. Carpenters, blacksmiths, caulkers, painters
and builders of all kinds are required to locate and repair the faults upon
which the lives of patrons of boating depend. Any fault that is left when a
vessel is overhauled is likely to prove a fatal one" at some future time and
for this reason the most thorough work in examination and repair is required.

Any dry dock at the busy season is a hive of industry. The Weehawken
Dry Dock is more than ordinarily so. A great force of' men is required at
all times, and kept constantly employed. At times there are day and night
shifts required. The night shifts work under the rays of a powerful search
light which makes the scene as light as day.

108

JiiUiam ^rljtm^iT Sc (En.

AMONCi the industrial concerns which lia,ve made Jludson County
famous tlirou.q-liout the entire civiHzed world may be mentioned
William Schini])er (!v Co., manufacturers of sil\er-])lated novelties,
sterling- silver and metal goods, the ])lant of which tirm is located at 322-338
Ferry Street, Hoboken, and of which J<ol)ert R. Debacher is i)resident.

This mammoth business, the largest of its kind in the countrw and
which constantly eiu])loys from 250 to 350 peo])le, was established in 1X67
])\- the late ('leorg'e Scliinii)er. Uixm the death of ( ieorg^e Schimper, William
aU(t 1 lieodore Schmiper continued the business until l^heodore's death at
wliich time \\'illia.iu Schimi)er arlmitted Robert R. Debacher and John R.
Mahlstedt to partnershi]). Upon the death nf William Schimper
Debacher and Mahlstedt ])nrchased his interest in tlie concern from the
widow and in 1902 incorporated the business under the laws of the State
of New jersey with a capital of v$30o,ooo. 'i\vo years ag^o Mr. Mahlstedt
retired and sold liis interest in the corporation to Mr. Debacher, who ir
now the owner of all but a few shares of the stock.

Mr. Debacher's rise in the business world has been continuous and
steady. He became associated with the Schimper plant when a boy. From
apprentice he was rapidly advanced to the position of senior partner and
the presidency of the company, due solely to the fact that he is a thoroughly
skilled mechanic, understood the workings of the concern from all its angles
and is a competent and ])ractica.l business man.

When Mr. Mahlstedt retired his duties were taken over bv J-Lrnest F.
.*>chultz. treasurer of the corporation. Mr. Schultz is a certified accountant
of the University of New York, and before his association with this corpor-
ation practiced as such. He lias proven a very valuable assistant to the
o])erations of the cor])oration and wotild be greatly missed if through force
of circumstances he should be compelled to retire.

Herman Behrens. secretary, has been connected with the house of
Schimper for more than twenty years, and has. through long service and
continuous study. l)ecome well fitted to execute the duties allo^tted to him.

The entire histor\- of the house has been one of ])rogress, due to the
fact that it has always been the policy to preser\e the integrity of the firm
and its manufactures even against the keen competition of inferior goods
and chea])er ])rices for the "just as good"" kind. No emjdovee of the concern
is allowed to sacrifice cpiality for ])rofit and all are under the supervision
of skilled and trustworthy heads of departments in which they are employed.

File factory itself is well lighted and well ventilated. The people
employed there are contented. Thex' are paid good wages an.d thev are
not worked like slaves. The men in control of the various departments
are very human and are instructed to regard those under their supervision
as such. At the same time perfect discipline and splendid decorum pre\ail.
The stranger is always treated courteously. The conditions at the plant
are ideal for all. and it is the polic_\- to keep satisfactory employees as long
as possible.

Numerous and varied are the articles manufactured. The\- include,
among other things, toilet sets, cond) and brush sets, hair brushes, hat anti
cliith hiushes, militar\- brushes and sets, manicure sets and fittings, card
cases, vanit\' buxcs. pull and i)oma(le jars, trinket boxes, bonbon baskets, trays
and vases, picture frames, calendars, thermometers, ink-stands, desk fitting^s,
hand mirrors, swinging mirrors, shaving mirrors, standing mirrors, trip-
liacte mirrors, whisk brooms and holders, smokers' sets, ash receivers,
cigarette and tobacco boxes, match safes, cigar and cigarette jars, humidor.s,
eyeglass and s])ectacle cases, soa|) boxes and novelties for advertising
purposes.

Besides the main ])lant the firm has a shcnvroom at 652 Broadway, New-
York City, wdiere buyers from all over the United States, its colonies, Canada
and Furope are welcomed.

109

®. 01. iKtnkraft

SI. K1XKJ''.AI). wholesale grocer at f)08 Newark avenue, Jersey City,
is one of those old lime l)usiness men wlv) has l)nilt up a splendid
* l)atronage 1)\ methods upon which there can be cast not a shadow of
-har]) practice. He has always been content to make a fair profit as a middle-
man and has never been guilty of boosting prices unless he was compelled to

o so

bv the rise of Sfoods as thev came to him. It is safe to sav that at

such times as the recent European war, when so many jobbers and middle-
men were boosting prices on home products because it was feared that they
would ha\e to pay more for the next lot the}- ordered. Mr. Kinkead simply
charged his patrons the regular prices so long as the sup])l}- lasted. If, after
that, he had to raise the prices it was because he himself had to pay more
for the actual goods on which he raised his patrons.

Mr. Kinkead is nfit a speculator — not a get-rich-quick gentleman. He
is a solid, substantial business man. one with whom it is a pleasure to do
business. He handles none but the staple and standard lines of goods. No
persuasion could induce him to try something that had not been tried and
found worthy, no matter how great the financial inducements. It is by solid
men such as Mr. Kinkead that large business enterprises are built.

In politics Mr. Kinkead has never dabbled. He thought he had all he
could do to properly conduct the afifairs of his business. He has done a vast
amount of good in a quiet, charitable way, l)Ut of his benevolences little are
I'.eard. Meet with Mr. Kinkead and \ou immediatelv feel ymi ha^•e met with
a man who grasps his business afifairs and executes them in a (|uiet, efficient
manner.

Although he devotes a great part of his time t(") his liusiness. Mr. Kinkead
finds time to give to his family and is fond of home life after the struggle of
the busy business day. He lives in a modest home at 565 Pavonia avenue.
Jersey City, and has no greater enjoyment than a quiet evening at home
wdien circumstances and business will permit.

I^i^xam^r Stftinij Araftrnty

No I<"X'ri'". RPR IS 1{ in lludsnii ("oiinty is of more importance in its line,
or more noteworthy, than the Mexamer Ri(lin<^ Academy, from which
lias sprung^ the Hohoken Carriage and Cab Company and the Ilexa-
mer Auto Company. These three allied industries are all under the ])ersonal
-uperxision and direction of A. W llexamer. who has a. ca])acity for business
exceeded by no one in the entire county.

The Hexamer Riding- Academy was established in 1S50. It has enjoyed
a continuous existence since that time. It started first as a riding academy,
pure and simple, where riding lessons were given t<^ some of the foremost
people of the country. In the old days many of the notables of New York
were habitues of the riding academy and to this day its meets are patronized
by beaut\- and fashion. It is the highest class business of its kind in the
east, if not in the entire country.

From the riding academy developed the renting and sale of horses for
large functions and to prominent people. From these stables are furnished
horses to the states of New Jersey, New York and Connecticut for military
maneuvers, and many horses have been sold and shi])ped abroad for the
stables of the great powers of the old world.

Then came the organization of the Hoboken Carriage and Cab Comi)a.ny.
The service rendered by this company early proved a superior one and this
branch of the business grew and prospered. Probably in the entire county
there is no such array of carriages, cabs and taxi cabs as to be found here,
and no service business of the kind is conducted with such dis])atch as that
of the Hexamers. Here one may secure, at any hour of the day or night,
just what he w^ants in the matter of equippage, whether horse drawn or
motor. The carrages. cabs and taxicabs are ke])t in splendid condition and.
give the impression of private vehicles, which the}- are to all intents and
purposes, as the drivers and chauffeurs are all gentlemenly and know^ their
business to the end of the last lesson.

Then followed the Hoboken Auto Company. This was first started as
an agencv onlv. With the backing of the Hexamer Riding Acadeni}- and the
Ploboken Carriage and Cab Company back of it. the auto company proved
a success from its inception. It handled a superior class of cars, gave su-
l)erior ser\ice to its jjatrons and soon acquired such a rei:)Utation that it was
recognized as the foremost organization of its kind in Hudson County and
the com|)an_\- was made the Hudson Count^ distributor for the Hudson Motor
Company, manufacturers of the famous Hudson autom()l)iles. The company
has constanth- on hand a splendid line of these famous cars, and the manage-
ment is ready to give a demonstration to a prospective purchaser at any time.

Some idea of the magnitude of the business of the three companies mav
be gleaned from the fact that there are constantlv employed at the main
offfce. stables and garages. 21=^-22^^ Hudson street. Hr.boken, and the Jersey
City branch. 2529 Hudson Boulevard, fifty-two people to look after the busi-
ness of the combined concerns. This does not include occasional chauffeurs
and hel})ers who are called in whenever ocasion demands, but is simply the
regular empl(\vees on the payroll from xear to year.

Of course such a business as that combined in the three concerns cannot
be managed successfully except b\' efficient ser\ice in everv department.
This Mr. Hexamer has secured. The discipline in all the departments is
perfect, the men know their work, evervone has his own task to perform.
That it is performed well speaks well for the management. These details
are supervised personally bv Mr. Hexamer and his able foremen and super-
intendents. E^•ery man is held accountable to his immediate superiors, and
the business is conducted as smoothly as a carefully greased machine.

Much credit is due Mr. Hexamer for the mammoth business he has built
up and conducted in such an honorable manner that it has a reputation for
fair dealing and integrity second to none in the country.

Ill

E il Haruionb & (£0.

No SINGLE firm is better known than that of E. H. Horwood & Co..
manufacturer of brassieres and children's underwaists at 1007 Grand
street. Hoboken. lliis firm was founded in 1874 by the late E. H.
Horwood, who was one of the most respected and generally beloved men in
Hoboken at the time of his death, and since that sad event has been carried
on exclusively by members of the Horwood family. Since the death of the
elder Horw^ood the firm has been incorporated, but there has been no change
of the liberal policy of the founder toward the two hundred and fifty or more
employees engaged at the factory. The capital stock is valued at $100,000,
is fully paid in and there is none of it on the market.

Besides the Hoboken factory the firm has an oftice and salesrooms in
the Fifth Avenue building. 200 Fifth avenue, New^ York City. Although the
output of the Hoboken factory is used exclusively in the United States, goods
are manufactured in Canada tinder the Horwood patents.

Associated with E. H. Horwood when the firm was started was C. L.
Horwood. Work was begun in a small way. but the firm prospered from
the beginning. In 1890 C. S. Horwood entered the business, assuming charge
of the factory end. E. H. Horwood continued the ofiice management until
his death in 1913, since which time C. S. Horwood has had full charge of all
dei)artments.

Brassieres and tmderwaists manufactured by E. H. Horwood & Co. are
fully protected by patents which place the products in a class by themselves.
Superior workmanship, cutting and designing along scientific lines and per-
fect fit of normal forms have been the chief reasons for the high stamling of
the Horwood goods in trade circles.

Of course, the chief local interest in the firm centres around the late
E. H. Horwood. The January issue of the Board of Trade Bulletin of
Hoboken contained a fitting tribute to the life of a man who had made himself
and his works so generally beloved in his adopted town.

Edward H. Horwood was born in Toronto, Canada, in 1845. He began
his l)usiness career at an early age. When he was eleven years old he was
entrusted with the task of running a complete set of ledgers. Before the age
of eleven he had waded through all the delightful intricacies of Shakespeare;
but his reading was not confined to his early }-ears. for books afforded him
ideasure throughout his entire busy life. He always remained a reader of
good books and no topic of general interest escaped his notice.

On December 30th, 1863, he married Charlotte Louise Skinner at Niagara
I^^alls, Canada. About four years later he moved to Bridgeport, Connecticut,
where he went int(» business; and forty years ago he came to Hoboken.

Mr. Horwood was President of the Board of Trade for two terms, be-
coming a trustee upon the expiration of his term. He was also greatly inter-
ested in the aft'airs of the National Board of Trade at the same time. Im-
mediately upon his affiliation with the Hoboken Board of Trade. Mr. Horwood
entered into the work of the organization with a characteristic zeal. His
work on local committees is too well known to need comment.

He was keenly interested in and associated with the \tlantic Deeper
Waterways Association and was an ardent supporter of the project for inland
waterways ; he represented the Board at the Lake Mohonk Peace Conference,
each year since the inception of the Congress, being a firm believer in inter-
national arbitration. His last activity of note was when he undertook the
< "hairmanship of the Budget Exhibit Committee which, however, he was
forced to resign owing to his failing strength.

Notwithstanding his devotion to his home, Mr. Horwood was identified
with the Columbia Club and gave a portion of his time to its ui)building. He
was also a member of the Royal Arcanum, and was closely identified with
church inteersts. He had a hobby for flowers and took great delight in cul-
ti\ating them.

112

/■ft^ ' ' ' * I )1 M l{ LKA, lessee and nianai^er of Lafayette Hall, the famous
\f\J anui-emeiit resort at i()0 i'alisade avenue, West Hoboken. is among
the niiist ])()|)iilar men df his calling' in the entire count}', lie- is well
known from one end of the county to the other, and tlie report that he had
leased Lafayette Hall immediately brought to that place a new lease of life.
The patronage there had gradually grown smaller after the death of Mr.
Ohmann, the former ])roprietor, but as soon as Dibelka took hold, things
livened up until now it has resumed all its former gayety and a little beside.

Connected with Lafayette hall there are sexeral splendid bowding alleys
and here the oldest clubs of North Hudson, comjjrising some of her most
solid citizens, ha\e their head(|uarters. There is also a splendid large open
room, wdiich is used either for a. dining room or a dancing paxilion, as occa-
sion demands, and this is always open and bn^\' nowada_\'s.

Dibelka makes a specialty of his dinners, especially Stindax' dinners. The
cooking is of the wdiolesome German style so greatly in demand in this sec-
tion, and the food served is of the best the market afTords. The consequence
is that this branch of his business has become well known to good livers
throughout the entire county.

\h\ Dibelka makes it a point to ha.\e good entertainment as well as good
eating at his place. Such music as that furnished by the Ritz-Carlton or-
chestra of the steamshi]) \"aterland and other equalh' as noted musical
organizations are often found at this resort. It is an international hall, Ger-
mans, French, Italians and English mingling in profusion. .Ml are genial
souls and despite the ^'ariet}' of nationalities there is ne\'er an\- discord.

Albrrt 01. S^^jtuyrr

ALr.l'.KT C. Eri'l\(;KR, bottler of lieer at 211 Franklin .street. L^nion
Hill, has built up a patronage in this line of business which it is hard
to hnd duplicated in the whole of the northern ])art of the county.
He makes a specialty of bottling for the famil}' trade, and the brands he
handles are among the best known. He sells direct to the families and at
the lowest prices compatible with good beers and good service.

It is this service upon wdiich he prides himself. AVhen beer is ordered
from him, the |)erson who orders it is sure of haxing it delivered when he
wants it. In all the titue Mr. Fppinger has been in the business he has yet
to recei\e a complaint of any order giA'cn him or sent to his works being
delayed.

With good beer and good service his trade has grown to such propor-
tions that he is thinking seriously of enlarging the bottling capacity of his
plant. It will ha\'e to be done in the near future if the present outlook con-
tinues.

1 1

jfrcb. Hngrns

fRED HAGANS. who conducts the C^iermania Schuetzen Park in North
Bergen, which is without question the busiest and largest amusement
resort in Hudson County, is a man peculiarly fitted for the manage-
ment of so enormous an enterprise. He has been in the amusement business
for many years past. At one time he conducted Odd Fellows' hall in Ho-
boken and the old Central hall, since razed for the march of progress on
Central avenue, jersey City, was also once under his direction.

In all the years he has been before the public as a caterer to amusement
lovers, he has retained the favor of a large and growing number of friends.
This has been made possible through the liberality with which he treats the
people who come to him. This liberality has been known to overstep the
bonds of good business at times, but of late years Hagans has managed his
affairs a little closer than formerly, at the same time giving his patrons all
the leeway that he can compatible with good business principles.

Schuetzen Park, which he manages, is the property of the Plattdeutsch
Volksfest Verein. the organization which annually gives the four days' affair
for charity and the maintenance of the Fritz Retiter Altenheim. has become
one of the most famous amusement resorts in the metropolitan section under
the management of Mr. Hagens. There are two big dancing halls, a large
iiimiber of splendid bowling alleys, three enormous pavilions, a splendid
system of rifle ranges, no end of amusements, etc., etc. Then there is the
magnificent old castle, which is now conducted as a place of refreshment.
This is a famous show place, and has been for many years. The old castle
hall is hung with coats of arms, battle axes, etc., and presents all the charac-
teristics of a baronial castle in feudal times. (Jf cotirse. it is fitted up with
modern conveniences, btit these have been so hidden that the character of
the place still remains medieval. A visit to the castle is well worth whilie
to the person who revels in feudal history, and cannot fail to be interesting
to one who \-iews it for t'ne first time.

(Hharlps itPlH

fflHARLES Dietz, florist, with hot houses at 4063 Boulevard, North
Bergen, is among the best known florists in all North Hudson. He
has long been recognized as one of the chief growers of flowers and
potted plants in this section, and his annual trade is one of which any horti-
culturist could well feel proud.

Mr. Dietz has a natural love for his work as a florist. His is a business
where care and pains show the best results, and it is through these qtialities
that he has been enabled to make for himself a name in the horticultural
world. In all the big flower marts of the metropolis his name and his
flowers are so well known that when they come from him they are accepted
withotit a question.

\\'hile Mr. Dietz is a horticulturist with a love for the flowers and potted
plants which he raises, he is also a splendid business man. He looks after
the offfce details as well as the growth of flowers in his business. He is
one of the solid, substantial men of the county. Withal he is jolly and full
of fun. and outside of business hours is a favorite in social circles of his
acquaintance.

114

Cif.Cvfwnitf

Jii the Mthitixl iFiflii

3N the medical field lludsdii Count}- has advanced as ra])idl_\- as in other
l)ranches of the arts and sciences. P^)r many years past her medical
men have !)een greatly admired, their services greatly demanded and
iheir diagnoses and opinions greatly respected by their fellow i)ractitioners
in other municipalities. In earlier times were the Hornhlowers. three gen-
erations of whom are still li\ing, whose fame as experts in the medical field
has spread far and wide. In these days many of her physi.cians have accjuired
lame in the medical world, in surgery and in natural and drugless healing
as well.

There are numerous public, semi-public and private hospitals, all fully
e(|ui])i)ed for operations and treatment of diseases. Jersey City's new city
institution. Christ Hospital and St. Francis' Hospital are well known for their
good work. In Hoboken. St. Mary's Hospital is regarded as a model of its
kind, while the North Hudson Hospital, with its recent new addition, is now
regarded as among the best in this section. Throughout the county are
numerous private hospitals, all conducted on a. high plane of excellence. At
Snake Hill, or Laurel Hill as it is now known, are an isolation hos]Mtal for
contagious diseases and a hospital for the insane, which is regarded as the
finest in the State, and second to none in the country.

Hudson County is also the home of several well known surgeons. These
include such men as Dr. Gordon K. Dickinson, who is nationally known for
hi- skill with the knife, and Dr. Joseph Manuel Rector, whose remarkal)le
operation resulting in the cure of a girl whose sjMne was so badly broken
that her recovery was dispaired of, made him famous in surgical circles.

The newer cults of drugless healers. naturo])aths, chiropractors and os-
teopaths are also quite numerous in all the municipalities of the county. Re-
markable instances of cures the\- have performed are beccjming more and
more wideh' known.

Sr. (S. iCouis NirhDls

0R. (j. Louis Xichuls, one
of the leading phy-
sicians of H u ci son
County, comes of a family
that has been distinguished
for generations in the medical
l)rofession. His father. Dr.
iM'ank Nichols, now eighty-
one years of age and living in
retirement since i()02 at Man-
hattan r.each. California,
ranked high among the phy-
sicians of New Jersey in his
day. He was an incorpo-
rator and charter member of
the State Homeopathic Medi-
cal Society, organized in
18^7. and was later ]jresident
of the societw lie was also
a member of the Xew Jersey
Aledical Society, an exclu-
sive organization of sixteen
]ih}sicians which existed over
tbirt\- years age. Ikfore he
studied medicine he was ])rin-
cipal of the Reading Institute,
Reading. Pa. He was horn
at Sturbridge, Mass., and
was a graduate of the Hahne-
mann Medical College of
Philadelphia, at that time
known as the Homeopathic
Medical College of Penn>yl\ ania. He practiced in Grafton, Mass., and
Somer\ille. X. J., before locating- in Hoboken in 1861. In Hoboken he took
a prominent part in public attairs, l)eing ^■ice-president of the Hoboken Bank
for Savings until he took up his residence in California, and for over twenty
^•ears deacon and treasurer of the b^irst Baptist Church.

Dr. Cr. Louis Nichols, the subject of this sketch, was born in Hoboken
.September 2T. 1871. He attended Martha Institute and the public schools
of the ci:y until his sixteenth year, when he entered the Collins Street Clas-
sical School at Hartford. Conn., conducted l)y Dr. Reed. In i88q he entered
Colgate College. Hamilton. N. ^^. of which his older brother, the late Dr.
Harry F. Nichols was a graduate, and studied there for a year, at the end
of wdnch time he l)egan his medical studies at the New York Homeopathic
Medical College and Flower Hospital. Graduating in 1893, he went to Chicago
to take a special course in surgery under Professor Pratt, after which he was
appointed house surgeon of (irace Hospital, New Haven, Conn., and visiting-
surgeon of the New Haven Industrial Home. In 1894 he located at Stafford
.Springs. Tolland C'ounty. Conn., opening a practice that (|uickl\' became a
large and lucrative one. While there he was a member of the Tolland
County Homeopathic Medical Society and of the Massachusetts Southern
Medical Society.

The death of his brother. Dr. Harry Nichols, in March. 1902. decided
the father. Dr. Frank Nichols, with whom he had been associated since 1887.
to retire from professional work, and Dr. Louis Nichols then gave up his
practice in Connecticut to assume charge of the one in Hoboken. Thu^
the name of Nichols has been associated with the medical profession for

116

over a half centurv in the .\lilc-S(|uarc C'it} . and tur (i\ er fdrty years it has
remained over the door of the did family home at 7J3 Washington Street,
the present residence of the subject of this sketch.

Dr. Nichols is a member of the followin.g organizations: Massachusetts
Southeast Medical Societ\-. C'onnecticnt State Medical Society, American
Institute of Homeopathy: Sons of the American Rexolution. F.uclid Lodge
of Masons, A. F. and A. M . 1 ,V'- Moboken. St. John's ("ommandery. No. 11,
K. T.. Willimantie. Conn., Sphinx 'i\'mi)li-, A. .\. ( ). N. M. S,, Hartford,
Conn., Connecticut .^oxereign Consistory. S. 1'. I\. S., llai"tfor(l. Conn.. Hud-
son Ca\alr\ 'I'roop, lloboken I!. IV ( '. \\. Xo. 74. and St. Tanl's b'piscopal
( 'hnrch. Jde was an incor])orator and is a director o| tlu' .Munro (.K: ^fussx-
I'en Co.. of Newark, X. J. Me is unmarri''d,

I )r. Walter IC Xichols. a \dmiger brother, a graduate of the Leland
Stanford L'ni\ersit\- of California, has a lucratixe ])ra.ctice at Pasadena,
tab. where he is associated with Dr. Ideeker. "He married Miss I\ttella
lietliel of Henderson, K}., also a graduate of Leland .Stanford. They have
two daughters.

Dr. Ilarrx' F. Nichols was a, graduate of the New \'ork Homeopathic
Medical College and Flospital Class of '87. He married .\Ii>^ Lena (irace
L\)Ster of Hamilton, N. Y., who survives him. .\nothcr brother, Frank ICar-
ton Nichols, a graduate of .Stex'cns Institute of Technologx-, lloboken. died
July M). 1 888.

I )i-. .Xichols" uKTther was Mary .\. Barton, a daughter of Jedediah
Ikirton of Worcester. Mass.. and a second cousin of ( 'lara Rarton of Red
Cross fame. The love for the medical ])rofession is a double inheritance of
the son. a maternal ancestor, bd)enezer Fierce, who fought in the Revolution.
lia\ing been an M. D.. while a maternal uncle, Jedediah Afarcus Barton, is
a practicing ])hysician of Worcester, ALiss., and a cousin, William H. Marcv.
of Buffalo, ffis father's brother. Dr. George Nichols, of Brooklyn, and
three of his sons, add to the list on that side of the family.

The historv of the Nichols famih dates back to the reign of Edward
the Confessor, when Nicholas de .\ll)ini, also given bv some chroniclers as
Nigel and Nicholl, went o\'er from Normandy to Scotland and was the
common ancestor oi the X'^ichols family. The original grant of arms to
Nichols and Nicholl is recorded in the \ imitation of Liecester in 1619 by
August A'incent (Rouge Rose.) King Robert Bruce is another ancestor of
the family on the Distaff side.

The American branch of the famih' was established earlx' in the seven-
teenth century by one Sargeant Frank Nichols, one of the original proprietors
of the Stratford New Haven colonw A history of the family compiled by
\\"alter Nichols, a librarian of the Bridgeport Public Library, gives much in-
teresting data of the Puritan stock as well as the history farther back. The
records of the Revolution show Dr. Nichols to be entitled to his membership
in the Sons of the American Revolution through ancestors of both sides of his
father's and mother's familw F.dmund Nichols. .Sr., Samuel Richardson,
Dr. Ebenezer Pierce and Jedediah Barton being the men wdio fought for
the independence of the American colonies from British rule in 1776. Of
the present generation a cousin, Henry Nichols, was killed in the Civil War
as he ran across an exposed valley bearing a message he had volunteered
to carrv to the other side of the field.

117

^j^ury AuirrDg i^ntm^l, M. i.

^/^ KNRY AMEROY

4h HOTWET. M. D.,
^^ whose home and of-
fice is at No. 4. CUfton Ter^
race, W'eehawken, and who is
one of the most successful of
North Hudson physicians,
was l3orn in SpiUviUe, Iowa.
Xdvemhcr 2. 1874. His par-
ents were Alexander and
In.L^cr Hotwet and were
amon^- the best known and
most i)Opular citizens of the
town.

l*"rom his boyhood, youni^
I lot wet was studious and his
inclination toward education
was fortunately gratified.
After leaving the common
school of Spillville. he at-
tended the \'alder Business
College and Normal School
at Decorah, Iowa ; the High-
land Park College of Phar-
macy, Desmoines, Iowa ; tlie
\ alparaiso University, \ al-
])araiso, Ind. ; and the Chi-
cago School of Aledicine and
Surgery, Chicago. 111.
With an education so well founded he traveled extensively in America and
is registered as a i)]iarmacist in New York City and State, the State of Colorado,
and the State of Illinois. As a physician lie is registered in the State of Illinois
and the State of New jersey, where he has settled down to complete his life
work so auspiciousl\ begun.

Dr. Hotwet's e<lucalion and his personality have brouglit him in touch with
the leading men oi his profession throughout the country. He is a member of
the Hudson Countv Medical Society, the New Jersey State Medical Society, the
American Medical Association, and the Alumni Association of \'alparaiso Col-
lege. He is also a fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine and of the
the Academv of Medicine for Northern New Jersey in Newark, as well as an
honorary meiuber of the Physico-Chemical Academy of Palermo. Italy.

Dr. Hotwet believes that the physician should take care of himself and en-
joy his recreations as well as his patients. He is a finu believer in exercise and
outdoor sports. He believes that man should get close to nauire at times and
that there is no greater or better sedative for tired nerves and physical and men-
tal exhaustion than getting back to nature. He is fond of hunting and fishing
hiiiiself and enjoys those sports as often as possible. He has some splendid
trophies of his skill as a sportsman on both land and water. He also enjoys
automobiling, and with congenial companions, finds this one of his chief sources
of pleasure. He is an ardent trapshooter and president of the Mohegan Gun
Club of North Bergen, which meets every Saturday afternoon for the purpose
of enjoying that pastime.

118

To a man whose tendencies lead him to the chase and fishinj; grounds it
is indeed a pleasure to hear Dr. Hotwet converse on these subjects. He has
no end of good stories to tell of encounters in the mountains and at the lakes.
Me has the data to hack up all his tales and often there is also physical proof in
the shape of trophies, etc., as well. The doctor, however, is not one of those
men who tells hunting and fishing tales in order to glorifv himself and so those
tales are not of such a nature that ])ro()f is demanded.

Dr. Ilotwet ahliors a iiatiu-e faker. I la\ing lived so nuicli in the ojjcn and
having seen so much of the tlora and funa of America he is able to detect a nature
faker at once and makes no delay in denouncing one. alth(mgh he never rushes
into print for the sake of contradiction. He tells his observations to his friends
and intimates that something more than the truth has l)een told when a nature
faker becomes prominent enough for notice. He believes, also, there are stranger
things in the sea and air than have yet been discovered and so when a new dis-
co\-er\ is made, or alleged, he gives the discoverer due credit, leaving it to others

to tind out if there has l)een really an\ attempt at falsehood. If. however, a tale
of discovery bears upon it the face of falsehood, he is quick to denounce iti
to his large circle of friends. Occasions for contradiction are rare, however,
for the true student of nature seldom tells anything but the most rigid facts in
connection with his studies and observations. As it is the true student whose
stories are told to the world at large, and few nature fakers gain the credence of
the public and of learned men, the doctor is inclined to give credit unless it is
in case of deliberate falsity or of deductionse from false observations.

Many friends of Dr. Hotwet have tried times without number to get him
to write his interesting and entertaining experiences and give them to the
world at large in book form. The doctor, however, is in a way modest and he
believes that, although he may entertain his friends, he would not prove as
entertaining with the pen as with his conversation. So the world has lost many
a good tale of adventure, possibly some more interesting than many which have
been transmitted to ])ai)er l)y men more egotistical than Dr. Hotwet.

119

Dr. Hotwet's life ami environments have been made snch that he has al-
ways been independent, financially and medically, but that independence has
never taken the form of boorishness or snobbery. The doctor is a firm believer
in the adai^'e of the poet that "a man is a man fur a' that." That is, if a man
proves himself to the doctor, neither poverty uuv riches has any bearing upon
the doctor's friendsliip. This is so well understood in Xcjrth Hudson and in
other places where the doctor is k'no^\n that he is well liked wherever he casts
his lot.

Such characteristics as those of Dr. llntwet are rare to iind in combination.
He is likable, learned, gentle, kind and at the same time detests anything of
artificialit\'. He thinks a man should be what he is and what he has made him-
self. The doctor has every respect for the man who rises above his environ-
ment and it is said he has lent a hel|)ing hand to more than one of his acquain-
tences just when that helping hand was most needed and when it was most ex-
pedient. Certain it is. that the doctor, as every other physician, has done much
in a charitable wa_7, biU no one ever hears him tell of it. He does not believe
that his left hand should know what his right hand does when it comes to
charity. ' He is jierfectly willing anyone should know of his own experiences
in wood and stream, but he holds the secrets of his poorest ]:atient as inviolable
in his breast as if it were a secret of his own.

Dr. Hotwet's home and office are splendidl\- fitted up and are among the

prettiest in the entire county. He is fond of substantialitv and makes no pre-

'tense of anything else. He is proud of his family and his son, 5 years old, Henrv

Amerov Hotwet. jr., is the aj^ple of his e^•e. TTis wife was Fannie \ iolet \"on

Osthoff.

Simepb iiauupl S^or, M. i.

'rinit_\ (Inircli
I l.'isbrouck In-

Al<).\'<. the- iiK-dical i.racliliuucrs of
lludsoii County there is none more
prominent than J()se])h Manuel
keelcii". who is a splendid e\ani])le of the
kind ol men the South furnishes the North
at times. I )i'. Rector was horn in Charles-
ton, South ( 'ai'olina. I lis ])arents were
I'ierson RecKjr and .Mai\ I'dizaheth [vector
( nee Jordan. )

1 le was educated in
.School Xew ^()rk ( itv
stitnte. Jersey C ity : Coliimhia CoUeg'e
.'School of .\rts and Columhia Cnivcrsity
School of .Medicine. Since beginning ac-
tive ])ractice he has made a record as a phy-
sician of ahility, one remarkal)le case heing
recorded in the annals of the Xorth Mud-
son I lospital, where he is hospital surgeon.
besides being connected with the .Xorth
1 ludson llos])ital, he is gynecologist at the
Jersey Cit}' Hospital, surgeon of the (Ger-
man llos[)ital, cit\- phvsician of Jersey Citv, surgeon of the Pennsylvania Rail-
road Compan}-. a director of the ( lerman liosi)ital. ])ermanent delegate t(j the
New Jersey State Medical Society, fellow of the Xew York Academy of Medi-
cine and fellow of the Xorthcrn Xew Jersey Academy of Afedicine. He is
also a meml)er of the Practitioners' Club of Jerse}- City, the Hudson County
Medical Societ\- and the Association of Military Surgeons. I'raternallx he is
prominent in Masonary, a member of the Phi Gamma Delta, the Philoxian
Literar}- Society of Xew York C"it\' and the Union League Club of PTudson
County. Industrially he is a director of the Rutherford Rubber Co.

In militarx- life he has been successively: Battalion xA-Ssistant surgeon of
the medical department, surgeon of the medical department and major of the
medical corps, all of the Fourth Regiment, X^. (j. X^. J. He has just promoted
successively from the rank of first lieutenant to that of luaior.

121

iauib Soger AtiupU. M. i.

SAN'll) Rt)g-er Alwcll, M. D.. with home and offices at 607 Hudson Stree":,
lloboken, was born July 12, 1S5S, at Waterville, Oneida County, N. Y.
He obtained his educatiim in the schools of his native town, gradu-
ating from the Waterville Jrligh School and Academy in 1880. After a
year of study with a preceptor, preparatory to entering a medical college,
he began the study of medicine in the fall of 1881 in Cleveland, (jhio, and
in the following year entered the New York Homeopathic Medical College
and Flower Hospital in New \'<)rk Cit}-, from which institution he was gradu-
;itcd in 1885.

After leaving college he immediately took up the practice of medicine
in the office of the late Dr. James Manaton, in Hoboken, to whose practice
Dr. Atwell succeeded upon the death of Dr. Manaton. His position in the
medical world was recognize^l by the late Governor Leon Abbett, who ap-
pointed him to the Board of State Medical Examiners during the first two
A'ears of the board's existence. He is a member of the New Jersey State
Medical Societv and of the American Institute of Homeopathy.

During his career in Hoboken Dr. Atwell has been both successful and
prominent. He has gained the confidence of a large circle of friends and
cliejits. His practice has always been of the better class, and therefore his
work in institutions has been limited. Like all physicians he does a great
deal of charitable work in an unostentatious way. and he has always been
ready to sacrifice his own comforts to the needs of those in distress through
illness.

Notwithstanding his large and growing practice, he has found time to
keep thoroughl}' informed in the progress of medicine, and this has kept
him abreast of the times so that in the treatment of ills he takes advantage
of the modern methods which appeal to him as being efficacious, [n doing
this he has not gone ahead with the recklessness which many physicians
and health enthusiasts display, but rather has been careful to be sure of
his results. He has taken good care of himself in the meantime, and bids
fair to c(^ntintie his practice for many }ears to come.

-Jl^REDERlCK BYRON STELLWACiEN. whose home and office are at
^r 28 Clifton Terrace, \\'eehawken, was born in Rome, N. Y., on August
^^ 30, 1866. His parents were I^hilip and Charlotte Stellwagen. He at-
tended the public schools in Rome and after his preliminary education en-
tered Union College at Schenectady, N. Y. His medical degree was obtained
from the Albany Medical College, after leaving which he took a post graduate
course at the New York Post (Graduate School. He also took a post graduate
course in h^lectro-Therapy in the New York Electro-Therapeutic School.
Here he specialized in electro-surgery.

While a competent physician in every way. Dr. Stellwagen has a distinct
leaning toward the practice of surgery and it is in this branch of the pro-
fession that he excels. Many remarkai)le cures are credited to him through
his skillful use of the knife. In his chosen field he has gained a wide and
enviable reputation. As a diagnostician, also, he is eminent and his opinions
are regarded highly by his brethren in the medical field.

The doctor has a private sanitarium at Grantwood and here nuich of his
best work has been done. He has excited the envy, but not the jealousy, of
his contemporaries and a good many of his jjatients are obtained at their
hands.

_ He is actively appreciative of aft'airs of local interest, especially those
which rnake for the cure of illnesses and the i)reservation of health.' He is
strong in his opinions and because of this he has made some enemies, but
none will dispute his ability and even his enemies have a high opinion of
his work.

122

(fll|urbfi Alrxau&^r (Stlrljriat, M. ^.

fflHARLES Alexander (iilchrist, iM. I)., wlio, since Octol)er, 1893. has
practiced medicine and surg-ery in lloboken. was particularly fortunate
in clii losing' the mile scpiare city for his lifework, for he has not only
attained a lucrative practice there, hut he has won the respect and esteem
of all rei)Utal)le citizens.

Dr. (iilchrist was ])orn August 11, 1867, in West Charlton, N. Y. His
parents were James B. Gilchrist and Anna xM. Cjilchrist (nee 13onnan). After
attending the public schools he took a two-year course at the Newark
Academy, Newark, Del., in 1883-1885. From here he entered the Lafayette
College at Easton, I*a., in 1885, graduating with the degree of A. B. in 1899,
He then attended O^lumbia University iti New York, and was graduated
from there in 1892 with the degree of M. 1). In the same year he was given
the degree of A. M. by Lafayette College.

Coming to Hudson County in October, 1892. he entered Christ Hospital
as house i)hysician and surgeon, where he remained until C)ctober, 1893, wheti
he settled in lloboken. lie is still afhliated with Christ Hospital as one of
the attending physicians.

From the first he affiliated with the foremost people of his adt)pted
city. He belongs to the Columbia Club of Hoboken, in which is enrolled all
the prominent men oi the city. Being a physician, a great deal of his interest
is centered in medical organizations. He is a member of the Jersey City
Practitioners' Club, the American Medical Association and the Hudson
County Medical Association, all of which are organized for the protection of
the interests of physicians and surgeons and the prevention of disease as
far as possible.

Throughout his entire career he has been chosen as worthy of more than
passing mention. Some of the works in which he is referred to are: Columbia
University Catalogue, 1754 to 1906; "Universities and Their Sons," "Men
of Lafayette College," 1891, and "College Physicians and Surgeons."

When in lioboken I3r. Cilchrist makes his home at 916 Hudson street.
He has also a handsome summer home at 2 St. Andrews avenue. Centre
Island, Toronto, Canada.

123

^Q^ ENRY V. BROESER, M. D.. whose home and offices are at 628 Hud-
1f J son street, Hoboken, is one of those medical men who have specialized
^^* along certain lines, the result being a highly trained and efficient
diagnostician. Dr. Broeser specializes along the lines of gastro-intestinal
diseases and in the diagnosis and treatment of the cases which come to his
attention calls into aid the wonderful Roentgen rays by which he can actually
see the intestinal processes and tell what is taking place there, where the
trouble is located and what causes it. Knowing the trouble, the place of
trouble and the cause of trouble it stands to reason that he can treat such
diseases in a most successful manner.

Dr. Broeser was born in Jersey City. June 7, 1869. His parents, William
Broeser and Catharine Broeser, nee W^estphal. His early education con-
sisted of Public School No. 6 in Jersey City, Brown's Business College, also
in Jersey City, and the New York Preparatory .Scliool. From 1S84 to 1896
he was with the Pennsyh-ania railroad, where he rose from the position of
office boy to that of train dispatcher's telegrapher. He is a graduate of the
New York Homeopathic College and Flower Hospital, in which institution
lie was interne 1900-1902. His medical and surgical knowledge was gained
under the most advanced tutors of the time and when he located in Hoboken
and hung out his shingle there, he was so well equipped with the knowledg'e
of the human l)ody, its ailments and their cures, that success was immediate.

The doctor is not only well known in medical circles, but in financial
afifairs he has become quite a figure. At the ])resent time he is president of
the New Jerse}^ Mines Company of Nevada and of the Interstate Holding
Company of New Jersey.

He de\dtes a considerable portion of his time to medical societies and is
a member of the Machoii Medical Clul), the New York Medical Association
and the New Jersey State Medical Association. By the meml^ers of these he
is looked upon as an authority in the special lines along which he ]M-actices,
and his ad\'ice is often sought. He is the senior examiner of the Prudential
Insurance company for the Hoboken district.

A\'hen at leisure, the doctor takes in a baseball game. He is an enthusiast
in baseball matters, and likes nothing so well as to see his favorite teams in
:i battle on the diamond.

124

Arthur EltUiam .liuHttu. M. i.

>^TIIL'K W ILI.IAM jl'SI"I.V. M . 1)..
is one of Ndrlli lludson's youno--
est |)liy>iciaiis. I If was l)orn in
I'liioii Mill ill iSijo. his parents bcin<^ Wil-
liam and Xdclinc Justin. That he l(jcatc'(l
and established his lirst ])ractice there, that
[hv ])ractiee is a Incrative one and that he
nninhers amon^' Iii> i)alients some of the
foremost families of the iieii[^hl)orh(jod.
shows just (how his^'h (he stands in thd
esteem of ihnsc who ha\e k-no'\n him from
1)()\ hood.

I )r. Justin is a ]iro(ku-l oi the Union
Mill scliiit)ls. inclndinL;" the lli^'h School,
of which he is a graduate. .\s a physi-
cian he is a g'radua.te of ( ornell Univer-
sity Medical College in 1911. and also was
interne and is a 1913 graduate of Bellevuc
llosi)ital. X. \\. where he acquired a
splendid knowledge of common and
special ailments. He settled in Union
Mill at 34S Mumholdt Street, corner
jpecial a.ilnlent.-^. Me settled in Union Hill at 54S Huniholdt Street, corner
Hudson P)oule\ar(l, in 1913 and since that time has been one of the assistant
A-isiting physicians at the Xorth Jludson M(_>s[)ital, where his opinions and
diagnoses are much res])ected.

Me was ajjpointed tow 11 ])lnsician of the Town of Union last year. Me
lias given the town a great deal of his lime and it is claimed In- his friends that
he is one (»f the most conscientious physicians who has ever held the oftice.

W bile he is kept busv with his town duties and his growing clientele, he
finds time for tlte study of the newer wonders of medicine and surgery and
takes advantage of all the newest discoveries in the medical and surgical world
which he regards as eificacious. Me has lieen very successful, both in his j^rac-
tice and in the cure of disease and bids fair to rank among the leading physi-
cians of the section.

12-

iCnitiB 31. Mirtz, M. 0.

•p-OLIS j. WIRTZ. .M. J)., a native ot
4|| Alsace-Lorraine, war born Septem-
"^^^ ber 7, 1881. bis parents lieing Joseph
and luigenia W'irtz. He came to West
1 loboken when a small boy and has lived
most of bis life there, fie is a graduate
of St. Michael's parochial school, that
town; St. Peter's College, Jersey City anci
the medical L'niversity of Baltimore. He
served as house surgeon at St. Francis
Hospital, jersey City, for one year and
llien took up the practice of his profession
in West Hoboken, where he is now num-
bered among the most prominent of the
town's ])h\sicians. He has been school
physician of that town, a position which he
tilled with credit to himself and to the
benefit of the children of the town. He
has been solicited to enter politics many
times, but has steadfastlv refused to do
so. believing a political career will inter-
fere with his chosen profession.

Artljibalb Srupat Wl]i\s. M. i.

AkCHIBALU Ernest < )li)p, .M. I)., whose home is at 412 High
Street, ^^'est Hoboken, is among the most successful and most
widely known physicians in Nt^rth Hudson. His activities in j)ublic
affairs have brought him to the front as a i)ul)lic-spirited citizen of marked
degree. His i)ractice is large and constantl\' increasing. His friends are
legion.

Dr. Olpp was born in South Bethlehem. Pa., May 12, 1882. His parents
were John C)lpp and Matilda Segel-Olpp. His early education w'as in the
public schools of his native town, and he afterward graduated from the
Moravian Parochial School of South Bethlehem. After his graduation here
he attended the Pehigh University, also of South Bethlehem, from which
he matriculated in 1903. with a degree in analytical chemistry. He then
entered the Universitv of Pennsylvania, graduating wnth his degree in medi-
cine in 1908.

His edttcational w'ork was followed by that of instructor. He was a
teacher of chemistry at the Lehigh University in 1903-1904, and an instructoi'
at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, 1908- 1909. His work-
here attracted the attention of eminent physicians and surgeons and he
could have continued successfullv as an instructor had he chosen that field
of endeavor.

He w^as anxious to get into active practice, however, and \Vest Hoboken
and North Hudson attracted him as a field. \\"hile here his ability has
l)een recognized, and he has been and is now town physician for W^est
Hoboken, school physician for the Borough of Secaucus and pathologist at
the North Hudson Hospital, where his opinions and diagnoses are highly
regarded bv the entire resident and visiting staff'.

Mrs. Olpp was previous to her marriage Miss Beatrice W. Seiple, of
Landsdale, Pa., daughter of Rev. Henry and Salome Seiple of that town.
Dr. Olpp has one hobby outside of his work, and that is agriculture. He
is a good farmer. He owns two estates, one at Landsdale. Pa., and one
at Thomasville. Ga.

T26

SI. lirhari'i J^ayanrUt. M. i.

^■r Ivichard I'aoanelli, Al. 1)., with home and offices at H36 (iarflcn
i|| Street, llohukeii. was Ijoni April 5. iSXi. at San Salvo. Italy, tlis

^^* ])arents were X'itale and Loreta .\rtese Paganelli. He came to
this countr\- when but a hoy and received his early education here, lie is
a sj)lendid c.\am])le of the (i])])( Mlunities afiorded foreig"n-l)orn citizens if they
but apply themselves in their chosen line of endeavor.

r)octor Pag"anelli was i^ra.duated from Public .School Xo. Ji, in New
\'i>rk Citv. as well as the su])plenientary department of Public School No.
79. the same cit\-. Me attended the DeW'itt Clinton High School, also in
that city, and received private instruction at his home. He was gradu-
ated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Baltimore, Aid., in
1903. Finding Ilobokeii a good held for a doctor, he loca.ted there and has
l)ecome eminenth- successful in his s])ecialty. which is that of oi)hthalmic
surgeon.

In his specialt\- he is an authorit\ and his opinions are highl\- regarded.
He wa.s formerly occulist and aurist for the Delaware, Lackawanna and
W^estcrn Railroad and assistant ophthalmic surgeon for the Italian H(^s])ital
in New \'ork City. At present he is attending ophthalmic surgeon for
the Northern Dispensary and clinical assistant in the New York Eye and
h'.ar Infirmary.

In the medical and surgical world he is well known. He is a member
of the -Vmerican Aledical .Association, Section of ( )phthmalolgy, the New Jer-
State Medical Society, the Hudson County Aledical Society, the Hoboken
Aledical .Society, the .Academy of A-Iedicine of Northern New Jersey and
the Physicians and .Snrgeons .Society of Baltimore. Aid. He is secretary
of the Tri-State .Alumni .Sc^cietv (New A^ork, New Jersey and Connecticut),
president of the .Aluiuni of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Balti-
more, Md., and vice-president of the Dante Alghieri .Society. He is also a
luember of Hoboken Lodge. No. 74. Benevolent and Protective Order ( f
i'.lks. He does a good deal of charitable work among the people, and is
highly regarded by professional, business and society people of his adopted
citw ' "

127

MJflltam Kamlah

LIAM KAAILAll. wlm coiulucts a
(lru_G; store at 86 Hudson Street
Holioken, has risen in professional
lii'c sheerly thrcnigh the force of character
and altainnient. He was born Xovember
22, i8()2. in Jerse\' City Heights, his parents
hcing Carl and Adeline Kamlah. He was
educated at a ])rivate school in Belleville,
until his tenth year, when he was sent to
die Real Schule at Weimar, ( iermany, from
1S72 ti) 187S.

Cpon his return to the L'nited States
Mr. Kamlah entered the wholesale drug
business of Lehn d^c I'dnk, where he spent
two years. He then served as a clerk in
the retail drug business in various cities
and finall\- in 1884 jnirchased the drug busi-
ness at his present location, which had been
established since 1845. He married in
1886.

He is affiliated with the .\e\v jersey

the Deutscher Apothcker \'ereiii of Xew York

oboken, Hoboken Council of the Royal .Arcanum.

\ssociation. (_"ourt Hudson Countv of the In-

He is a life

JMiarmaceutical \ssociation

Cit}-. the ( ierman Club of

Elysian Council of the Lo\ a

dependent ( )rder of Foresters and tiie h^ull Moon IJowding Club

meiviber of the Hoboken l.odge of Elks.

He has a handsome hcjme at 1254 darden Street, lloboken. He i
lover of music and the oj^era and has a passionate fondness for his home and
family. Ilis entry into Hoboken was of so much importance that he is accord-
ed prominent s])ace in a history published some vears ago bv the Evening News.
Kamlah is an interesting conversationalist
circle of friends and associates.

a great

;id is highh- regarded

hv a

argc

128

T-^-itvvT ^vtfiygn /-f-r-f t -i i 1r^r~^■m-i■^^^1T'^W'^w^l•^111^• ^ ' l • ^^ry

j^j_ . r/■r 'rt>»^^Lt^■^■lm■^^tv^L^^^y.X■TH^^■Jl > it ■Kitit x ytck

Seal lEfitate in l^uiianu (Emmty

•v^ AX I) \ahic> in the Mctri )i)(ililaii Zone ha\e increased enormousl}- in
AfJ recent vears, and this is especially true in Hudson County. The real
'^'' estate in\estor. the manufacturer, the home builder and the rent payer
ha\-e all been turnino^ their attention toward the part of New Jersey so con-
venient to Manhattan. Every section of Hudson Count}' has received the
benefits which accrue through a conservative and wholesome real estate de-
velopment. There have been no land booms and. in consequence, no infla-
tion of real estate values ; the increase in valuation is consistent with the
Sfrowth of the cities and towns througfhotit the Countv.

During- the last decade Greenville, Bayonne and a large part of Jerse\^
City have experienced a remarkable development. Large tracts of land which
were formerly farms, woods, or marsh land, are now dotted with numerous
industrial establishments, or are laid out in attractive residential sections in
which may be found the latest t_\pes of single and two-famil\- houses, apart-
ments and flats.

North Hudson, too, has tmdergone an amazing" transfcn-mation within
the last ten year.s — in fact, every municipality has felt the stimulus and is
expanding rapidly. There is not a communit}- l)Ut can boast of many new
streets, new factories and the most modern tvjies of dwellings.

Thousands of workers from the big citv across the river are discovering
the ad\antages which lay at their very doors, and are taking up their abodes
in Hudson County.

Nor is Hudson County neglectful of the health and comfort of its citizens.
County parks expansive in area and well laid out. aft'ord am])le recreation
facilities for the people. These parks efficiently conducted are located in the
various sections. In addition to attractive lawns, flower beds and well-shaded
walks, they contain swimming and wading pciols, playgrounds for children
c;f all ages, music pavilions, tennis and basket ball courts, running tracks and
space for other athletic activities. In the winter, portions of these i)ark areas
are flooded for the enjoyment of skating and curling.

129

/.^|\ F ALL the buiklcTs and real estate men, James Thomson, who is re-
i|[j garded by friends generally as "the man who put Woodcliff on the
^-^ map,"" is pr()])alil\ the most progressi\e in the county. At any rate
he has done more building- and sold more houses than any other man in the
county in the face of the so called real estate slump of 1913 and 1914.

That Thomson found no slump is due, no doubt, to his progressive
methods, the excellence of Thomson homes and the splendid terms upon
which one of the homes can be bought. He developed an area of tw^o entire
streets in Woodcliff, erected thereon handsome stucco and cement one family
houses, replete with the latest of improvements and decorations, built them
in a substantial manner on good large lots and aluKTSt as fast as he could
build he had them sold.

No one can describe Thomson homes as they should be described, ihey
cannot be left to the imagination. They must be seen to be thoroughly ap-
l)reciated. They are really the most handsome homes oft'ered in Hudson
county today. While there is a uniformity of interior construction in several
designs, the outside ornamentation gives them an individuality seldom found
in a.ny big rows of speculation property built today. They are furnished
with the little things which make homes comfortable and cozy. Thev are
high and dry. They offer splendid facilities for the home hunter, and they
can be bought almost for a song, so far as the ready cash goes. The carrying
charges are so light as to make the expense even cheaper than paying rent
and all the while the purchaser is |)utting money into a home for himself,
instead of into the ])ockets of a landlord.

A little bit of the personal history of Thomson, showing how he ha.'i
battled w-ith the world, perhaps will give the reader an insight into the char-
acter of the man, which is reflected in the erection of his homes. Thomson
is a Scotchman. He has been a great traveler. He spent a great deal of his
earlier life in Australia. Africa and South America. A\'hen he came to this
Country, he had to borrow money enough from a shipmate to i^ermit him to
land. lie succeeded in getting in all right, and since that time has been
V akuiR' history and homes in Hudson county.

He had a life-time experience, that of his father before hiiu in hoiue
develo])ment. so it becomes natural to him to Iniild a home as the public
wants it. He s])ent his hrst few months here going around the variotis
suburbs to see where he could best locate. After visiting about twenty
dift'erent sections, he picked out wdiat he considered was the best three and
from these he chose AV'oodcliff'. since when he has advised manv friends to
get hold of AVoodclift' propert}-, as he believes it is the best location in the
real estate market today.

Thomson accumulated a little money, kept his eye on the Woodcliff
property he intended to develop, finallA' got hold of it and l)egan to build.
There are now something like sevent\-h\e houses to the ci-edit of Thomson's
enter])rise in Woodcliff', and there are more building.

Thomson is a man of indomitable energv. He is his own superintendent
and architect. He personally overlooks everv l)it of work ])ut into the homes
he has l)uilt and is building. He insists upon it that evcrvthing is done in a
workmanlike manner. He buys the best materials, but is a close buyer. He
pays cash every time he can save a dollar by doing so. He takes the full
credit limit whenever there is nothing to be made by prompt payment. Those
with whom he deals are glad to give him the credit limit, for they know
their bills are good when the limit has expired. He contracts for nothing
he does not see his way clear to pay for. In this manner he gets the best
value for the least possible money. He is content with a reasonable l)uilder's
profit tipon the homes he sells.

Thomson is not an insurance man. He is a developer. He is a specialist
in the field of development, and that portion of Woodcliff wdiich he has built
will remain as a monument to him for many years to come.

130

Wtlltam ?J. ffllittp

^^H

•^^^v ^^^1

^^^E|>!

^^K" ^^'^

^^^^fei-^ ^ i^'*' H^F ^V^Bi^^^^

1^^

•'/^ ri'TLl"' need lie said to introduce
^J\ William 1 1. Wliite, who for the past
"^^ l\\eni\ \ears has been \n the real
estate and insurance business in Hoboken
and who dnrinu^ that time has made for
him.self a record as a r|uiet, unassuming,
but at all times a thorough business man.

Mr. W hite was born in Ireland, June
'), 1N4S. lie recei\ed a comnion scIkkiI
education, came to this country when a
\()ung man, saw an opening for real
estate and insurance operations and at
once set about to make good. That he
has done so is the testinion\- of his
friends, who are legion.

I'robably no man in the real estate and
insurance business in Hoboken is better in-
formed in these lines than Mr. White. His
knowledge is the result of years of business
experience. He has a thorough knowledge
of values, is a splendid appraiser and a
careful and conscientious underwriter. He has people on his books who have
been with him from the first of his business career ancl he has others whose
fathers were with him before them. He is one of those rare insurance men
who looks first for the interests of his client and afterwards for the welfare
of himself and the companies he represents. Yet so just is he that none of the
companies has ever had a \\-ord of fault to fin^l with him and' his method of
operations.

Mr. White bids fair to roiitinue his business operations in his adopted city
for many years to come and it is the wish of his friends that he may be long
spared to do so.

1.^1

(Elmrlffi W. SaniiaU

111

Liu

old

CHARLES W. RAND-
ALL, architect a n ci
builder, with home and
business offices at the corner
of Lake Street and Hudson
Avenue, West Hoboken, is
one of those men the town
and all Xorth Hudson honors
because he has. by his owii
eiTorts, overcome obstacle^
encountered in youth and
proven that opportunities for
success 'are by luo means,
tilings of the past for the
young' man who applies him-
self to the line of work for
\vhich he is best fitted and
follows it f(jr his life work.
Mr. Randall is practical!}'
a native (jf Xorth Hudson,
lie was born m old Hudson
City, near the site of the old
court house on March 7. 1856.
This was then only a small
>ettlement. His parents were
• leorge A\'. Randall and Sarah
llillier. who came to this
countrx' from England in the
lluiLoii Lit\' section. Thev were married

early forties and settled
in this countrv.

He comiTieiKed his schoL'ling. which was \er\ limiled, in an oM hall known
as Leitze's Hall, on what is now Beacon Avenue, while School Xo. i of Hud-
son City, now School Xo. n of Jersey Citv, was being Iniilt. He was one of
the first pupils entered in the new scIkioI U])()n its completion and attended there
until he was fourteen years of age, when he Ijegan his working days in New
York. Since that time, with tlie exception of three or four years, he has been
engaged in architecture.

Beside the schooling mentione'l the oiiK' time Mr. Randall had to im-
])rove in learning was at night scluKils, one or which was L"oo]ilt Cnion. where
he stu(Hed architecture and applied himself so diligentlv that he (piickl}' be-
came a finished architect. When throttgh with his course there he opened an
ofiice as a practical architect. This was in 1886. Since that time he has been
steadily engaged in this jjrofession and has designed and Iniilt more than
twent_\-fi\'e hundred l)uildings, the great maj(irit\ of them homes, all through
Hudson Count}-. He makes a specialtv of designing, building and furnishing
money for those wdio build aufl is altogether a \"er\- bu^}' man.

These improvements are far t<jo numerous t(j mention. .\mong them is
the viaduct leading from A\'est Hoboken to Hoboken. The original ])romoters
of the viaduct had in mind one leading from jerse}' City Heights to a point
further down in Holxjken. but the Town Improvers and Mr. Randall succeeded
in having the plans changed to that of the ])resent structure. He was one of
the promoters of the Rex Theatre proposition, which in time is bound to suc-
ceed and of the public market idea on the site of the proposed theatre while
the tiieatre project was waiting development. He believes implicitl}' in these
pro])ositions and is read} to back his belief with cash whenever necessary.

132

Han$rit & Hansmi.

'JljRI-.DERICK C. IIAXSICxV, who es-
^r taljlislied the real estate and insur-
^^ ance l)iisiiiess now conducted by
liiiii in cdiijuiu-lidii with Paul A. and
I'.aiiiest R. Ilanseu, at 274 Bergenline
A\enue, Union llill, was born in Rends-
buii^-. (icrniany, ScptemlxT 29, 1849. His
parents were H. Peter I lansen and Sophia
Hansen (nee Paschen.j They came to
L'ninn Mill in 1S51. l'"rederick went to
a ])ri\ate scIidoI unlil the first jjuldic
^cliDdl was bnill in Union Hill on
Lewis Street in 1858. He graduated in
i8()3 and learned the trade of locksmith in
rihcago. In \H()~ he returned to Union
llill, engaged in the Ijelgian block business
until 1876, when he was elected town clerk
and established a real estate and insurance
business. In i8()i he and John A. Ros.^
formed a partnership under the firm
name of Hansen & Ross. Ross retired in
1911 and Mr. Hansen took his tw'o sons
into the firm.
The elder Hansen was town clerk until 1884, councilman. 1885 to
1889; chairman of the Hoard of C'ouncil 1S85 to 1888. He served as private,
corporal, sergeant, orderly sergeant and first lieutenant in the National Guard;
a fireman for fifteen years and president of exempt firemen for five years. He is
a past master of Palisade Podge of Masons, l:)elongs to the Masonic Veterans and
the Alt Meisters' Circle of ]\ras(^ns, the State and local Exempt Firemen and
the Eintracht Singing Society. 1 le is a director of the Hoboken Trust Co.. the
Alasonic Hall lUiilding Assn., the Town of Pinion P>. and P. Assn. He de-
veloped two big tracts of land at West Xew York and had a country home at
Ridgefield Park for several \ears. The sons were educated in the public schools,
Paul A. in Union Hill and Ernest R. in Ridgefield Park.

'^33

AMONG the oldest contracting- firms in North Hudson is that of George
^\^ Cranwell lK: Son. contractors of West Hoboken. 'Idie business was
started in i8C)0 l)v the elder Cranwell. soon after he came from Ireland
to make his fortune in America. The offices of the firm are at 401 Clinton ave-
nue, 340 Hudson a\enue. and 355 Talisade avenue, West Hoboken. Among
the first jobs done was the ])lastering of the original monastery building in
1864. in commendation of which the firm has a carefully preserved letter from
the ])riest at the head of monaster}' afi'airs at the time. The great bulk of the
work of the firm is now left in charge of James Cranwell, the son. but ( ieorge,
still active and takes a great interest in what is going on.

Some of the [jublic buildings erected b_\- the firm are the Free Pul)lic
Librarv and Public schools 6 and 7 in West lloI)oken and the new Fligh
School in Union Hill, which has just been completed, as well as the Union
Hill Town Hall. The firm owns about $250,000 worth of real estate and much
of this has been improved with splendid flats, apartments and pri\'ate houses.
Two loft l)uil(lings. one at Mountain Road and Hudson avenue, A\'est
Hoboken, and another one u])on which the firm is working, ha\e been the
means of bringing different business interests to West Hoboken.

George Cranwell has a handsome home at 401 Clinton avenue, and the
son, James, has his residence at 355 Palisade avenue. W^st Hoboken. The son
was born in Union Hill, was educatecl in the Christian Brothers' Academy
at Utica, N. Y.. and has lived in Jersey for the past twent\-five years. George
W. Cranwell's first vote in this country was for James Buchanan for President.
He is now 79 years of age, is in possession of all his faculties and dearlv loves
a joke. In his reminiscences he tells of erecting the first building of wdiat is
now the Peter brewer}-, and the present William Teeter residence. The work-
was done for George Fausel and was completed in 1863.

134

Ainuist iKlriitkr

ALIC.UST Kr.l'.IXKE, of 383 Clinton
a\cniu'. W csi lloboken, is among
the most widely known and most
successful hnildcrs of Xdinli lludsou. lie
lias been ihe contractor in inan\ of the
large huilding o])erations of the countv.
and so generally satisfactory has been
his Work that in many cases he has not
had lo do competitive bidding to secure
woik ol considerable magnitude.

Kleinke makes good everywhere vou
put him. Mis ])usiness is among the
oldest in W est llol)okeri. and he has con-
ducted it so eflicientl}- as to ha\e maclc
loi- himself an enxiable name among
builders generally. He has all the work
he wants to do at any time, and coutinu-
all}' keeps a considerable force of work-
ingmen on the various jobs he is doing
hei"e. there and e\'erywhere about the
C()unty and elsewhere.

liesides being a successful builder. Mr.
l\.leinke has been successful in politics,
having been West Hoboken councilman.
In his official career Mr. Kleinke has been careful a.n(l economical. He
ft)und when he went into office that the town buildings were over insured.
He had the insurance reduced to cover all possible loss and at the same
time make a big saving for the town in the matter of premiums paid. He
has been a close friend of the ])olice and fire departments, and every man
on either force swears 1)\' him.

dinarpli ICugni^rlj

SOSr^l^H LUCiUSCli of 408 Kossuth street. Union Hill, is one of the fore-
most architects in North Hudson. He has designed and superintended
the erection of many buildings in this section, including the $400,000
high school at Union Hill, and it is said of f.ugosch that no building for
which he superintended the erection has ever been a disappointiuent to his
client.

Mr. Lugosch is careful and conscientious in his work, and he expects and
insists U]^on builders who are working under his direction, living up to
specifications entirely and without reservation. Another splendid feature of
Lugosch's work is that he understands prices for material so thoroughly that,
given the price for wdiich a certain structure is to be erected, he is able to
draw the plans and specifications so carefully that he invariably keeps within
the appropriation if it is at all reasonable for the building under contempla-
tion.

There may be better architects in North Hudson than Mr. Lugosch. He
himself doesn't claim to be the best. But this much is certain: there is no
none more careful and more correct in his work whatever he is called upon
to do.

^35

Slultus Urnmau

AMONG the more important builders of the North Hudson section is
JuHus A'roman. head of the \>oman Construction Company, of 5395
Hudson Boulevard. North Bergen. Through Mr. \'roman and his
company many of the newer buildings in North Hudson, especially North
Bergen and West New York have been built. A large force of men is almost
constantly employed, and Mr. X'roman has surely not suffered b}- anv lack
of building construction.

It is characteristic of Mr. X'roiuan that he personallv undertakes to over-
see any work of which his company has charge. It is also characteristic of
him that, while he permits of no waste, while he gets the best there is out of
his men. while he conducts his business with a degree of efficiencv seldom
obtained b\' a builder, that lie does not stand for substitution of inferior ma-
terial, and that every stick and stone laid under his direction must be thor-
oughly up to sjiecifications. It is of no use trying to palm off inferior material
upon Mr. A>oman. He will not accept it. He demands the best for himself
and this means the best for those who entrust him with their work in his line.

There is no class of building work which he will not undertake. There
is no job too big for him and his men to accomplish. He takes entire con-
tracts, as well as for those of a strictly building nature. Many buildings in
his Aicinity were erected under his supervision, iron work, plumbing, etc..
feeing sublet to the lowest bidders in whom he has confidence. He has been
known to more than once accept a higher bid for work and material than
the lowest, simply because he knew he could depend upon the man making
the bid to give him the best at the price named.

It is such men as Mr. A'roman who are bringing the work of building
1)ack to the standard of older days when "houses were built on honor." It
is such men as he who discourage the work of those who build for speculation
without regard to the rights of the jnirchaser.

f.-^l

136

iatti^l l^rm^B

SANIKL HliivMES, in business as a real estate and insurance man in the
Neilson building-, 138 Fourth street. Union Hill, is one of the foremost
men in that line of business in North Hudson. He makes a specialty
.if mortqaj^e loa-ns and has on his books many clients who have been able to
build and make improvements because of the lil)eral. withal sound, financial
arrangements they have been able to make through this young man.

While being a good business man, Mr. Bermes is a genial soul. He has
a large circle of acquaintances and friends. His insurance business is amt)ng
the largest in the count}', because of his friendships, and it is his boast that
every client is either a personal friend or becomes such after dealing with him.
Fraternally Mr. Bermes is popular. He is a Royal Arch Mason in good
standing and belongs to number of clu1)S and societies, the members of which
are always pleased to welcome "Dan", as they call him, whenever he makes
an appearance.

Qll|arl^0 l|. Nrtlanu

/^ H/\RLES H. NEILSON, builder, whose home is on Broadway, West
l| I New York, has done much for the town of Union, as well as his home
^^ town, is one of the best known builders of North Hudson. His ability
as a builder has ])een ])ro\en 1)}- erecting hundreds of all kinds of buildings,
like factories, apartment houses, mansions, banks and churches, one of his
latest works being the handsome office, stt^re and theatre building on Fourth
street. Town of Union, which carries his name, being known as the Neilson
building. It is the only absolutely h re-proof building of its kind in North
Hudson. In this building are housed many of the leading otifices of the town,
as w-ell as the Richmond Business College, an institution of which the town
can well feel proud.

Mr. Neilson has been in the business of building in North Hudson for
the past hfteen years, and many of the finest buildings in West New York
have been done under his direction. Of other structures erected in North
Hudson, which will be monuments to Mr. Neilson may be mentioned the
Weehawken Trust Com])any building on Fourth street, the Necker building
on Main street. Trinit\- Uhurch on Sixteenth street and his Helen and Eliza-
beth apartment houses on P'ifth street. These apartments may be taken as
models for such structures anywhere.

For the erection of the Neilson building alone the northern part of the
county owes Mr. Neilson a vote of thanks. The building is right in the
lieart of what it is supposed will be the new civic centre of North Hudson in
a very few years. The proposed tunnel station of the Pennsylvania railroad
will be in this vicinity, and there is no doubt that Fourth street will be one
of the richest and most attractive thoroughfares in all North Hudson.

Since the erection of the Neilson building there has been a general pick-
ing up in that vicinity. The handsome new^ building erected by John Glueck
& Son is right next door. Other buildings have had new fronts put in and
the entire section has taken on a rather Metropolitan air. For much of this
improvement there is no one to thank but Mr. Neilson. wdiose improvements
are destined to play a prominent part in the development of Nortli Hudson
which is now going on and wdiich will come in the future.

Mr. Neilson's kindly, courteous and unassuming w^ays have made him a
host of friends. His name is synonomous with business integrity and upright
dealing.

^37

QIarl AlfrrJi lurbnnt

/^ ARL ALFRED BURHORN has risen
l|l to prominence in the real estate and
^^^ insuri:ince held solely through his
clTorts and ahility. He was born in Xew
\'(irk Cit}-. January 17, 1863. His parents
were August and Henrietta Burhorn. The
family moved to Hoboken when Carl was
but hve \ears of age. His education is
strictly of the public schools, he l)eing a
graduate of the Hoboken High School \\\

1877-

At 15 Mr. lUirhijrn went to work. He
was seven years with an importing hosier}-
?nd glove house, three years bookkeeper
and superintendent of a sdk mill in L'nion
Hill and ten years bookkeeper and corres-
pondent widi the firm of Decker Brothers,
piano manufacturers. Wlien the latter firm
retired from business he engaged m life in-
surance, from which developed the splen-
did real estate and insurance business he
now enjovs.

He is treasurer of the Edwin Burhorn Company, contracting engineers
of Xew York, junior warden and treasurer of Trinitv Church, Hoboken,
treasurer of the United Aid Societ}-. superintendent of Trinitv Church Sun-
day School, member of the council of Christ Hospital, president of the Ho
lioken Board of Trade, financial secretary of the Hoboken Academy, member
of the German Club, Euclid Lodge of Masons, Columbia Lodge of Odd Fel-
lows, Martha Washington Rebekah Lodge of (Jdd Fellows and Hoboken
Lodge of Elks.

Mr. Burhorn's residence is at 156 Thirteenth Street. Hoboken. • He is fond
of good music and the l)est in literature.

(E. A. Siasnt

^A. TISSOT, real estate man and auctioneer, of 59 Newark street, Ho-
boken, was born in West Hoboken. June 24. 1859. ^^ attended the
♦ W^est Hoboken schools, grew up and married, has been the father of
ten children and is the grandfather of four. Outside of his real estate btisi-
ness he has no greater hobby than his home.

In 1871 he w'ent into Wm. Hessee's old real estate office at 5 Newark
street, Hoboken, as a clerk. In August. 1881. he started in btisiness for him-
self. As a realty autioneer he has been eminently successftil. For twenty-
eight years he was auctioneer for the D. L. and W. Railroad, but was forced
to retire from this because of illness, which caused his partial retirement.

He lives in the Hudson City section of Jersey City, atid is a member of
the advisory board of the Hudson City Branch Y. W. C. A., with Hon. Thos.
McEwau and Thomas J. J. Stewart. He was never in politics. He is an
Arcanian, a meml)er of the A. ( ). U. \\'.. and affiliated with the Jersey City
lodge of Elks.

138

'^trm A. Hiitartta!^

.^ERCIE A. VIVARTTAS, architect, at no Fourth street, Union Hill,
4tl is among the foremost men of his profession in North Hudson. He
tIt has erected and superintended the erection of many of the prominent
buildings of that sectictn. He goes about his work in that quiet, forceful way
that characterizes him as a master of his profession. This impression is
borne out by the actual results of his skill and industry, as shown in the
private and ])ul)lic l)uildings to his credit.

In his professional career Mr. Vivarttas has gained the respect and con-
fidence of builders, contractors, financiers, etc., with whom he has come in
contact. They recognize in him tln" business man in uliom confidence can
be placed. They know instincti\ely that he is abo\-e the sharp practices
which would permit inferior material or inferior plans to profit his own
pocketbook. \Vilh Mr. Vivarttas every detail of plan must be carefully com-
pleted before he will issue a certificate of acceptance of work.

This very characteristic makes Mr. Vivarttas a busy man. Where
others might be satisfied with a casual and perfunctory glance at work in
hand. Mr. \'ivarttas goes into minute details and wants to know just what
is being done, and how. He questions contractors carefully and observes
keenly. If a flaw in the work or material is found he is quick to detect it
and to have the work done over with a w'arning that no such work must be
attempted upon buildings where he is the architect. This correction is done
quietly and eiTectively. It is indeed a hardened contractor who would care
to have his work twice corrected by Mr. Vivarttas through any fault of the
workmanship or material.

Outside of his profession Mr. Vivarttas is the type of manhood of which
any community might feel proud. His own characteristics are reflected in
his work. Careful, conscientious, genial to a marked extent, yet always keen
upon having everything "just right," makes Mr. Vivarttas a inan with whom
it is both a pleasure and a privilege to hold a friendship.

^39

Slliomas 31. I^arntnn

AMONG the best known and most highly respected business men of
North Hudson is Thomas J. Harmon, surveyor, with offices at 140
Fourth street. Union Hill. Mr. Harmon has been engag^ed in the
surveying business for the past several years, and has practiced his pro-
fession in all parts of the county and state.

Combined with the profession of surveyor is that of civil engineer. In
this branch of his profession Mr. Harmon has become as well, if not better,
known as in that of surveying. He has solved some pretty difficult problems
hereabouts, and enjoys the patronage of road builders, contractors and
builders who know trustworthy work and want it done promptlv and to their
satisfaction.

To the layman there is something mysterious about the work of the
civil engineer and surveyor. It is difficult to conceive how. by squinting
through a spy-glass, one may make darkness light before him and crooked
])aths straight. But squinting through the spy-glass is merelv the super-
ficial end of the profession, the part that is seen outside. Inside the observa-
tions made through this same spy-glass, v/hich, by the way, is a perfect
measuring instrument, are worked out to satisfactory conclusion, in which
hills, valle}-s and projections have to be levelled to proper grade for the work
in hand. This is done by a system of higher mathmetics not understood ex-
cept by those having special training in this direction. In the civil engineering
branch even higher mathmetics are brought into play, and the successful
engineer must understand the laws of physics as well as mathematics in
order to reach conclusions which satisfactorily settle the problem upon which
he is engaged.

Mr. Harmon has studied these things. He knows his work. He is com-
])etent to solve problems in civil engineering and surveying in a much more
direct manner than many others of his profession because of his application
to his work.

'^**^>'- yf^'~"

140

Snbprt 31. lath

'**if1 *JlJl^i'^-l I- KATII i-^ fast fdrt^ing- to tlic front as ( nic nf lli)l)(>keu's most
4}\ extensi\e hiiihkTs. I lis l)usines.s has l:>eeii organized for tlie past
'^^ twenty \ears, and from a small l)eginning-, has grown to he known as
one of tlie l)iggist of the kind in Hudson count}', ddtis is due in a large
measure to punctualit\- and good ser\ice, two attributes upon which Mr.
Rath |)rides himself and his work.

While iMr. Kath is a good business man, he is extremely modest and
reticent. He is one of tlmse men who wa.nt little said about their person-
alities, btit belie^•es that good work should be rewarded by the i)raise of those
for whom that work is done. C'onsetpientl}-, when asked to say a little about
jiimself, he replied: "Ask an\- of those for whom I ha\e done work. They
can tell }'ou more than 1 can, or more than I care to, at least.""

One finds his work scattered all over Mudson cotinty, a.nd \vhcre\-er it is
fotmd, there is sure to be one of those buildings built in the old fashioned
way — on honor. Mi". Rath would rather lose a few dollars and have his work
done right, than make more money and ha\e it done shabbily.

Because of this characteristic his business has grown. He has a total of
twenty employees regttlarl}-, and this is a large force for a local contractor
and btiilder to ojierate the year rottnd. Idiis force alone bespeaks the ])opu-
larity of his work. ( )f course, he is always readv to put on extra hands when
occasion arises, as it often does. ( )ne thing abotit Mr. Rath, no matter how
many employees he has working ttnder him at an\- one time, he alwavs insists
upon su])er\ising the work himself, and no i<ib gi\-en to him is allowed to
stififer becatise of lack of personal stipervision.

Architects are loud in their praise of Rath. They say they have as little
trouble with him as with any contractor in the cotinty, because he is as
anxious as they to see that specifications are li\e(l uj) to, and takes a personal
pride in seeing that it is done. "A^)u can trust Rath to do what is right." is
ii common saying a.mong them.

Rath's ]daee of business is at 259 Sixth street, Holjoken, and it is a bus}-
hi\-e of industry wdien the men are not working on outside jobs.

T4T

Alfrfi^i 31. Malnthcn

AT.l^'RED J. AlAJINKMX. ci\il and consulting- engineer, associated with
his hrother. Walter R. Mahnkcn. has l)uilt up one of the most promi-
nent l)usinesses of the kind in the northern and central section of
New Jersey. As a graduate of Kutg-ers College and at the age of twenty-six
he has successftilly negotiated manv difficult and complicated engineering and
construction problems and is rated as a highly efficient man.

Air. Mahnken has prei)ared and made ])relimina.ry inxestigations, esti-
mates, surveys. ])lans, specifications and suijcrxised and contracted work for
many of the architects, builders, constructors and engineers here in the East
lie is actively engaged in the sur^'ey ar.d std)division of property in land-
scape work for parks, ])ri\ate estates and cemeteries, in the design of street
and road im])ro^-ements, in making borings and tests for foundations and in
the designing of piers, docks and other water front improvements.

He is considered a sanitary expert, especially in the investigation, design
and construction of sewerage systems and sewage disposal works, and he
has been associated in the design and construction of various t_\'pes of re-
inforced concrete and steel structures, mill buildings, apartment houses and
dwellings.

Mr. Mahnken is at all times genial, has a i)leasant word and hearty
welcome, shows a genuine interest in the political and social affairs of this
comiuunity and appreciates a real friend, lie is a man of strict integrity and
his word is as good as his bond.

142

Mm
Affairs

jf'

143

Abraham 3lau S^mar^Ht

No man in Hoboken is more worthy of extended mention in a work like
this tlian .Vbraham Jay Demarest. who tor the past thirt}' years lia.s
been connected with the pubbc schools in the city, Ijemg- principal of
tlie Hoboken High and (irammar Schools for thirteen years, and for the
])ast seventeen years superintendent of the public schools there.

Mr. Demarest was born at River Edge, N. J., February 14, 1858. His
parents were John A. Demarest and Elizabeth \'anderbeek. both of the sturdy,
historical stock which has made New Jersey so justly famous in the annals
of the new world. He inherited the sterling cjualities of his progenitors, and
with such an inheritance it is not to be wondered at that he occupies so
high a position in the public alTairs of his adopted city.

He graduated from the public schools of his native village. Being deter-
mined to follow the life of an instructor, he was sent to the State Normal
School at Trenton, from which institution he graduated in 1882. He then
took up his duties as [principal of the first school located in Lower Teaneck
N. J., from which he was chosen as principal of the Hoboken High and
(irammar Schools. In 1906 the degree of B. S. was conferred on hmi by the
University of New York, and in 1908 he was again honored by the University
with the degree of A. M.

In Hoboken his life has been quiet and uneventful. He never forgot the
dignity which his sch(^ol duties required. He has been careful and conscien-
tious in his school work, depending rather u])on the approval of his ow^n sense
of duty well done than upon the acclaim of the populace. He has ahvays
I)een a thinker of no mean ability, and a splendid example of that old school
of preceptors who valued results more than sham progress in learning.

Fraternally he has advanced with the years. For three years he was
exalted ruler of Hoboken Lodge, No. 74, B. P. O. E. In Masonic circles he
is a member of Euclid Lodge, F. and A. M.; Pentalpha Chapter, R. A. M..
and Pilgrim Commandery, Knights Templar, all of Hoboken. He is an active
member of the Hoboken Board of Trade, and president of the Castle Point
Building and Loan Association. His affiliations and his distinctions have
been w'on solely because of the force of character which \vas inherited from
his sterling forefather and wdiich is noticeable in his everyda}' life. He comes
under the tongue of true repute in every action of his public and private life.

In "Genealogy of New Jersey" Professor Demarest is mentioned as a
descendant of the old New Jersey families whose life is closely interwoven
in the history of America, whose deeds of valor and whose natural nobility
still have their influence upon the country and its peo]jle, and who are set
down in history as among those who aided greatl}- in throwing the shackles
of c)ld world opi)ression off the shoulders of the new world when the fight for
freedom became necessary because of the indignities heaped upon the
American colonists by the old world rulers to whom they were subject.

Mr. Demarest bids fair to be useful in the educational field for many
A-ears to come, ^^'hen in the city he lives at 1017 Bloomfield street. Lli'^
summer residence is at Lake Hopatcong, New jersey.

Aluiu ifiuuBtrkin*

Sk lAlX IIUNSrCKER was
Z\ horn at Collegevillc, I^a.^
^ on September 20, 1864.

lie is the youngest son of
Menry A. Ilunsicker by his
hrst wife, Marv Weinbersrer.

e was hoi-n ni wliat is now

the main bnilcHnp' of Ursimis

LoUege

while his father was
l)rinci])al of tlie institution,

sti

which was tlien called l^^ree-
land Seminary. lie inherited
a natural taste and inclination
for books and learning. 1 fe
received his education in his
native town ; was graduated
from Ursinus College at the
age of nineteen in 1884. While
at college he deveh^ped into a
fluent s])eaker and a ready de-
bater, a trait that ser\ed him
well in his subsequent success-
ful business career.

After leaving college he
went to IMnladelphia and ac-
ce])ted a ])osition with his
father in the lum1)er Inisiness.
Leaving the lumber business
in 189J, he l)ecame the manager of a trade paper ])ublished in the interests
of manufacturers. For seven years he remained in this position, during
which period he came in contact with the leading industrial concerns in the
country. The valuable experience gained gave him, early in life, an enlarged
commercial experience which served as a foundation for his later success.

In 1899 he became the treasurer of the Keystone (Jil-cloth Company of
Norristown, Pa. This ctincern had a small capital and was the smallest of
its class in the country. Mr. Hunsicker doubled the business in two years
and attracted sufficient attention to entitle him to a seat in the council of the
larger oil-cloth manufacturers.

In 1901 a successful effort was made by Mr. Ilunsicker to combine the
largest oil-cloth concerns into one large com])an\'. Me secured oi)tions on
six of the largest and most successful oil-cloth ])lants in the United States,
wdiich. wdth his own concern was combined In" him, with the assistance of a
western banker, into the Standard (Jil-cloth Company of New Jersey, with
offices in New York Cit}'. This c(ym])an}- secured a charter and started in
business in July, 190T. It had a capital of $8,000,000 and to-day (1914) is the
largest of its class in the world. Hr. Hunsicker in addition to becoming a
director and large stockholder, became the secretarv of the new compan\' at
the start, and in 1906 its general manager as well, which i)osition he still
holds. The company has been remarkably successful and has doubled its
business during the period that Mr. Hunsicker has managed its alTairs.

In 1889 Mr. Hunsicker married Helen Theresa Boice, who was born in
Chester County. Pa. Miss Boice had a remarkable talent for music and had,
in addition an exceptionallv good and well-trained soprano voice. The}' met
on the concert stage. Mr. Hunsicker has al\va}s been interested in music
and is the possessor of a good baritone voice.

145

Since 1903 Mr. Hunsicker has resided in Clifton Park, Weehawken,
where he l)uilt a fine home. He became interested in local alifairs, and was
instrumental in organizing- a Civic Betterment Association, of which he is
still the president. He has taken a i)rominent ])art in jersey politics, and in
each campaign has spoken for the Republican party. He was a presidential
elector in 1908.

In club life Mr. Hunsicker has been pr(>minent. lie is a Mason, a mem-
ber of the Hamilton Club of New Jersey, the Automobile Club of New Jersey,
the Englewood Countr}' Clul). the "Pouring Club of America, the Sphinx Club
of New York, the Pennsylvania Society, and is the treasurer of the Arkwright
Club, the leading dry-goods club of New York. He is an enthusiastic golfer
and spends considerable time automobiling. Travelling has been a pastime
of Mr. Hunsicker, and he has visited most of the countries of Europe, South
America, and the AA^est Indies.

146

. HiUtam g^t^hu, M. M,

J|> WILLIAM ST E II X.
^fj M. I'-., has the honor
^* not only of being ver-
satile- in innsic, bnt enjoys thc
(listinclion of being the
youngest founder of a college
devoted exclusively to music
in this State, if not, indeed,
in the entire coun.trw Ai-
thoui^h but twenty-six years
of age. he is the founder and
I)rinci])al of the I ludson Col-
lege of Music and Art, at loo
llighpuint avenue, Weehaw-
ken Heights. At one time the
College had a I Brooklyn
branch. de\-oted io the teach-
ing of art. bnt this took so
much time from the musical
duties of Lrof. Stehn that he
soon abandoned it, although
it was highly successful.

Professor Stehn was born
in Hoboken. .March ri. i(S88.
I lis parents were John ITenry
Stehn. a native of Xorlede.
( lermany, and 1 felen F. Stehn
(nee Seedorf ) a native of
Lesum, Germany, lie was graduated from the [ ublic schools in Hoboken and
Shell's Commercial College. His musical education was tinder Dennis E.
Hartnett of the llartnett School (jf Music, New York City, Dr. Philip Foersch
(jf the Berliner Ktmst Schule and the Cleveland L'ni versify School of Music,
by which institittion he was awarded the degree of M. B.

From February, 1903, until the end of 1906 he worked as bill of lading-
clerk for the X'. ^'. ( >. and W. railroad and taught music during his spare time
during this period. In i9o() he moved to Union Hill, gave up his position with
the railroad and started in to make his living by teaching music, at which he
has iTcen eminently successful. In 1910 he founded the institution of which
he is the head, which besides the main school, has branches in Union Hill.
West New York and Brooklyn, N. Y. He makes his home at his Weehawken
Heights studio.

From his boyhood he was interested in music, which he stutlied from tiie
time he was seven years old until he was twenty. He gave his first lesson at the
age of fifteen. He organized, or helped to organize, the Symphia Zither Club
of Floboken, the Twentieth Century Orchestra of Holx^ken, the Hudson Col-
lege Orchestra, the Symphia, Jr., !\rusical Club of L'nion Hill, the Crescent
Musical Club of W'est Hoboken, and other musical organizations of more or
less lasting fame. He is a member of three fraternal organizations, director
of the Hudson Orchestra and various other musical organizations and an officer
in the National Qualified Teachers' League of Music. He is fond of theatres
and good dining and his one hobby is the teaching of the music to the young.
February 18. 1912. lie was married to Miss Julianna .Amia von Dohren
of Weehawken Heights, a former well known concert pianist.

1. 1 7

iJl|umai3 MxBB S^ttUman

SHOMAS BLISS STILLAIAX has
attained a prominence in the busi-
ness and chemical world which
nunc bnt those of snperior attainments may
hope to reach. He was born May 24, 1852,
at I'lainfield, X. J. I lis parents were
Charles II. Stillman and Alar_\- E. Starr,
lie was edncated in public and private
schools, Alfred L^ni versify, Rutgers Col-
lege, and the chemical laboratory at \\'ies-
baden, Germanv. He holds the degree of
r.. Sc, M. Sc. and Ph. D.

Prof. Stillman was instructor of chem-
istry at Stevens Institute froni 1874 imtil
1886. He then became professor of en-
gineering chemistry at the same seat of
learning, a position which he held until
1910, when he was retired on a Carnegie
])ension. He was state inspector of oils
1884-1888, and examiner in chemistry for
the Municipal Civil Service Commission of
Xew York in 191 1.
He is president of the American Chemical Education Co., Xew York ; of
the Corporation Securities Co., Xew York : the Stillman and Hall Co., Ltd.,
Montreal, Canada; the Stillman & A'an Siclen Laboratory Co., Xew York:
director in the Pllectric Eire Proofing Co., Montreal, Canada: the Amadou
Mining" Co., Ctah : the Radium Priiducts Co., Xew' York: foreign corresponding
member of the Edinburgh Society of Arts and Sciences; and member of the
Socitie Chemique de Erance, Paris ; Deutsche Chemische Geselschaft, Berlin ;
International Society for the Testing of Materials, Zurich : American Chemical
Society ; Society of Chemical Industry, London ; American Electric-Chemical
Society: Phi Beta Kappa (Rutgers); Sons of the Revolution; Society May-
Howler Descendants and Order of A\'ashington. He is mentioned in various
educational works, and is a constant ct)ntribut()r to the chemical journals.
His manual. "Engineering Chemistry'' (fifth edition) is the standard of pro-
cedure in the chemical testing of engineering materials.

148

Captain ^JJlin ^* Emeru

ffiAPTAll\' JOHN M. I'lAl l^l\^'. nuinai^er uf the niarinc dcparlincnt
of the Lackawanna Railroad, witli headquarters m the Terminal l)uild-
ing- in lioboken, is a living- example of what a man may JjccomC
solely through his own efforts to advance himself by honest and ct)nscien-
tious work. Ca])tain hLmery was born in Tro}-, N. V., June i, 1870. His
parents were James and Anna Emery. They were far from well-to-do, and
could give the young man but little education. What little schooling he
received was in the district schools of the up-state city.

There is one thing he did learn, however, which has stood him in good
stead. He was a natural born machinist, and took to the trade like a duck
lo water. After mastering the details iof tlie machinist ti-ade he came to liobo-
ken. He engaged with tho Fletcher j^eople as a machinist foreman. His
work soon attracted the attention of the oihcers and directors of the Ho])oken
Ferry Company, and eighteen years ago he went with that company as
assistant chief engineer.

He was soon promoted to be chief engineer, and this position he main-
tained until the Lackawanna railroad bought the ferries. He was too
valuable a man to lose, and the Lackawanna officials took him with them,
making him superintendent of ferries soon after they took the ferries over.
His last promotion was when the entire marine department was consoli-
dated and he was made manager of the larger deijartment, witli enlarged
responsibilities and a corresi)onding increase in salary.

Besides his duties as manager of the marine department for the Lacka-
wanna Railroad, the Captain is identified with the Oakland Steamboat Com-
pany of New York. He is one of the directors and chairman of the executive
board of that company. This, however, takes up but little of his time, and
that at hours wdien he is not on dut}- at the ferries.

Although Captain Emery is in every way a likeable fellow, he has steered
clear of politics, militarism and such follies and foil)les all his life, devoting
himself to the perfection of his trade, or profession, as one mav call it in
this case. He is one of the most able machinists and mechanical engineers
in the countr}-, and many a problem has been solved both for his old and new-
employers since he has been connected with the ferrv.

Of course, a man in such standing as Captain Iimery must ])ecome
affiliated with organizations of a varied character. He belongs to the
National Democratic Club of New York, the Railroad Club of New York,
the Traffic Club of New York, the Society of Na\al Architects and Marine
Engineers of New York, the (ilen Ridge Golf Club of (]len Ridge, N. \.. and
so many other clubs that he says he cannot rememl)er them all.

Fraternally he is a Mason and a Shriner. He belongs to Hoboken Lodge,
No. 35, F. and A. M., Penlalpha Chapter. R. A. M., of Hoboken; Pilgrim
Commandery, Knights Templar, and Salaam Temple. A. A. C). N. M. S., of
Newark. The intermediate steps in Masonry were all taken in New Jersey.
He is alst) a member of the H(il)oken Lodge of Elks.

Socially the captain is a pleasant man to meet. If he likes you, you can
count on him as a friend to the end of your days unless you do something
to forfeit that friendship. If he doesn't like you. you might as well go on
your way, for he will have nothing to do with you l)eyond extending the
ordinary courtesies of life to you.

He owns but one home, the one in which he lives at 1214 Garden street.
Hoboken. To this and his family he is devoted, as all good men should be.
He has but one hobby, according to his own account, and that is golfing.
He says he has often made a foozle. But it may be stated that his greatest
hobby is the proper management of the marine department of the Lacka-
wanna Railroad.

($rorar Jfrrhrrtrk tkntstitgrr

1-. O R G E FREDERICK BREN-
SIXGER, one of the first commis-
sioners of Jerse}' City under the
C ommission (lovernment or Walsh act, al-
lhi»u,i;h still ;i ><iung man has made a re-
cord for himself of which man}- an older
man could well feel proud. He was born
September 5, 1882, at Phili])sl)urg, Warren
C(»unly, New Jersey. His parents were
Joseph IT. T'rensinger and Ida Jones-Bren-
singer.

Young llrensinger came of good, sturdy
.>^tock. His early education was obtained
and most of his life has been spent in Jer-
sey City. Tde graduated from the public
schools, in.duding the High School there,
attended the Stevens Institute at Hoboken
fur two years, took the scientific course at
! 'rinceton University, was a law student
with Ijedle, Edwards & Thompson in Jer-
sey City, attended the Xew York Law
School and graduated with the degree of LL. IC He was admitted to the New
Jersey bar as an attorney in 1006 and as a counselor in lOOQ. He has prac-
tised law since in Jersey City.

Mr. Brensinger's militai'y record has beeri one of advancement. He en-
listed as a private in Co. i of the Fourth Regiment, March 20, 1903, and on
April 19 of that year at the conipany election was elected to the office of second
lieutenant. He has been judge advocate with the ranks of captain and major
respectively, the latter of which rank he now holds.

He was elected to the General Assembly on the Democratic ticket in 191 1
and was defeated for renomination in 1012. Fie was elected a commissioner
of Jersey City at the special election h.eld June 10, ivM3. and has charge of the
de] artment of finance. He is a meml)er of the jersev Citv Club, the John J.
Fgan Association of Hudson Count}-, luigle Lodge, F. and A. ^I. ; Triune
chapter, R. A. AI. ; Warren Council, Royal and Select Masters, and the Scottish
Rite bod\- of New jerseN-.

1=^0

MJilltam Srhlrmm

(Yf^ff- 1 LI.IA M Sn I I .l''.M M . coi-diici- ii[ lIud^iMi c(iunl_\-. a-iid uiulertakcr at
Jjl 426 Spring- street, West Hol>oken, where lie continues the lousiness
^^^ of Rol)crt Schlenini & Son, estahhshed for many years, is one of the
most notal)le business characters of North Hudson because of his business
and ])oHtical activities in liis own town and throughout the county. He is a

friends throughout the entire

recognized

wherever

man of ])leasmg personahty. iias a host ol

C()unt\- and is a sterhng l>n^iiiess man wliose worth i^

he is kn( )wn.

While thorougiiK' groun(k'(l in I )cmocratic piilitical atiairs, he has never
adlowcd ]>ohlics to interfere with liis business or his frien(lshii)s. He lias
ma.n\- admirers in both i-epublican and democratic circles and the fact that he
was clK)sen as standard l)earer for his ])art} in his town in the maNoralty
campaign of 1913 shows just how highly he is regarded by the members of
the political organization with which he is af^liated.

That he was defeated at the election is no discredit to him, either as a
business man or i)olitician. lie faced not only a strong factional fight within
his own partv, but a powerful republican organization built up by Mayor
Charles A. Mohn, who at the time was a candidate for re-election. Mohn
and Schlemm are personal friends and brother Masons, but in the exigencies
of political warfare they were ])itted against each other, neither losing the
friendship or the respect of the other, although the campaign was as hot a
one. politically, as has ever l)een fought in West Hoboken.

When Mohn was re-elected Schlemm was the first to send his congratu-
lations on his victory, which shows the big calibre of man he is, for, while
lighting his ])olitical battles with all the vigor that is in him and the fighting
Schlemm famil}-, he would not let his political animosities take the form of
personal hatred of his oppt)nent. With a fight so hot as this one was, it would
liave been particularly easy to have crossed the border line of friendshi]:),
had Coroner Schlemm been a smaller man than he was and is.

As a coroner, Mr. Schlemm has time and again denionstratetl his sterling
abilities. The recent case of the murder of Anna Aumuller, whose body was
<liscovered on the beach at Shadyside, and for wdiich crime Hans Schmidt is
at present awaiting trial in New York, ])rought Mr. Schlemm into the public
eye. His capable manner of conducting the inquest that was held in Heller's
hall, Jersey City, made him the subject of many flattering comments. No
less a person than Detective Faurot, of the New York police detective bureau,
paid Mr. Schlemm a compliment by saying- that the inciuest was conducted in
the most thorough manner he had ever seen. In man\- other cases Mr.
Schlemm has done remarkable work.

As a business man, Mr. Schlemm has made a record that any man could
well l)e proud of. He is known to many of the poor of AVest Hoboken foi-
his charitable deeds, and many who would otherwise have been buried in
Potter's Field have been laid in a decent grave, thanks to
Mr. Schlemm.

the generosity of

1^1

ilnms ICnnitg.

R(3FESSOR Morris Loewy, who has
been a resident of Hoboken for the
past twentv-five years, was born in
A'ienna. Austria, on July 25. 1857. His
parents were Phihp and JuHa Loewy. He
is a prestidigitator of international fame.
He uses only playing cards in his perform-
ances and exhibitions and never fails to
astonish his audiences by the wonderful
manner in which he is able to manipulate
th.e bits (jf pasteboard.

Professor Loewy can be classed as a
]:)rodigy. His aptitude for card manipula-
tion has extended almost from his infancy.
He began his professional career when but
eight \ears of age. His earl\- education
came through private tutors and travel.
He has been a great traveler and his ability
has made him a welcome favorite before
both roxalty and the common ])eople. He
has aj^peared before and astonished such
nival personages a.s Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria, King Christian IX of
Denmark. King Oscar II of Sweden. King George of Greece. Czar Alexander
of Russia, King Edward of England and others. In this country he has appear-
ed before Theodore Roosevelt and the late Mayor Gaynor and hosts of other
l^rominent people. His presence is greatly desired at gatherings where select
entertainments are given.

He is not merely an entertainer, but a successful business man as well. He
is president of the Spray X'ibrator Corporation, the Loewy Company and the
Osflo Compan\-. He is a member of the Elks and Royal Arcanum, honorary
member of the Xew Y(^rk .Stamp Society and honorary president of the Bero-
lina, and National Alumni. His hobl)y is the collection of post cards. stami)s
and coins.

1^2

iRnh^rt St^s^r

>^^ ()ni^l\'l" klKSER. secrc'larv of the Hoboken Board of Trade, has been
Ayl closely associated with ci\ic work in Hobt)ken for thr past six years.
'^' Mr. Rieser was l)oni in Doylestown, Pa., l)Ut has spent practically all
of his life in Hoboken. In ])olitics he is known as a prog-ressive Republican,
though his activities ha\e usually been strictly non-partisan in character,
lookino- rallier toward a reform of present conditions than the advancement
of the interests of any particular jjolitical party.

lie first served the l>oar(l of Trade as assistant secretary for a period of
two and one-half vears, sul)sec|uently becoming secretary and editor of the
Board of Trade ]^)ulletin. a. monthl_\- publication devoted to the commercial
and ci\ic development of the city. W hile he was assistant secretary he was
o-iven full charge of the lUidget l^xhibit held under the auspices of the Board
of Trade and in conjunction with the Robert L. Stevens Fund in 191 1. 'hhis
exhibition was the lirst of its kind e\er given in the city and its exposition
of nnuicipal government in Hoboken was widely commented u])on. lie has
since been identified with similar exhibits in other cities.

'khc commendable fight made to adopt commission government in
Hoboken received Mr. Rieser's ardent support. He was secretary of the
first Elective Commission Government League, the first organization to l)e
formed for this purpose in any New Jersey city.

He was also one of the organizers of the safe and sane Fourth of July
moxement in Hoboken. and served as secretary to the committee during the
celebrations in 1913 and 1914 both of which in\-ol\ed nuich time and labor.

Mr. Rieser has run for i)ublic ofiice on several occasions but each time
with reluctance. He was a candidate for the Assembly at the i)rimaries in
1913, and during the primary campaign in September, 1914, was urged to
become a candidate for Congress from the Ele\enth New Jersey District.
This he was forced to decline for reasons of business.

During the administration of Mayor (ionzales, he was appointed to the
Board of Playground Commissioners, and although his selection to this
office received substantial appro\al, the Common Council refused to confirm
his ap]H)intment for political motives.

Air. Rieser is also known for his work among boys. He first becati.ie
interested in this form of social activity about twelve years ago in connection
with the Madison Street Boys' Club, an organization conducted by voltintoer
workers and carried on largely through the generosity of Mr. Richard Ste\ ens.
He organized the first troop of Boy Scouts in Hoboken and is at present
Scoutmaster of Troop (Jne. This troop is affiliated with the First Presby-
terian Church, of wdiich Mr. Rieser has been a member and trustee for years.
Fie is also associated with the Philomatic Society and is a member of 'Jie
Sanitary Corps of the Seventh Regiment, National duard of New York.

T53

fattkk 1. (Griffin

fATRICK R. (iRll'^FlX. Democratic political leader of Hoboken. is one
of the most unique characters in politics to be found in all Hudson
Countv. Frc»m the time he was able to cast his first vote, Griffin was
always mixed up in politics and always had the ambition to become the leader
of hi's party. It was not until the "three-cornered mayoralty fight of 1907
that he actually won his spurs. In that hght he assumed the management
of the campaign of George H. Steil for mayor, and elected him by a decisive

majority.

At 'that time Griftin was but ^-,2 years of age. the youngest Democratic
leader the city has ever had. Many times since then an effort has been made
to wrest the leadership from him, ])Ut (iriftin is full of resources and hght
and he has always since his notable victory kept at the top.

During his political leadership he has built up a practically unljeatable
political niachine for the Hoboken Democracy, judging from past results.
It is concededly the best piece of political working machinery in the county.
Griffin is a close student of politics and understands human nature pretty
thoroughly. This is evident from the fact that he has retained his leadership
foi' seven consecutive years in the teeth of constant attacks from the political
enemies within his own party camp.

In 1913 he went through triumphantly the most exciting and important
political fight of his career. He had undertaken to re-elect Alartin Cooke
mayor of the city. Arrayed against him was no less a powerful force than
Former Mayor Lawrence Fagan and his great and powerful newspaper. The
Observer. It was Fagan's last stand, for if he won he would again be the
leader of the Democracy in Hoboken. If he lost he knew he would be buried
in his political coffin forever.

The Observer, backed by Fagan, conducted a fight for the nomination
at the primaries for mayor of Philip Stucrwald. a young man of good repute,
prominent in politics and with a host of friends. The fight was a bitter one
and The Observer, in its zeal for the nomination of Stuerwald, resorted to
personalities of a not altogether dignified nature.

\Mien the primary ballots were counted Griffin's man. Mayor Cooke,
was found to be an easy winner. The victor}- in part was due to Cooke's
own personality, Ijut a large share of the credit belonged to Griffin, who
engineered the fight, backed by his well-nigh invincible organization.

Mayor Cooke was re-elected to his hi^ii office, and Griffin still holds the
5 over Ho
\ears to come.

reins over Hoboken's Democratic organization, as he bids fair to do for many

154

miiam (t'Ni-ill

IIJ.IAM ( )'X Ml 1 .1 ,, propric'tiir nf the ( )'Xcill Auto Cuinpau}- oi Hd-
hokcn. is a vouii.l;- man wIidsc success in life has come through his
own ciTorls and enterprise, lie has l)uilt up a. 1)usiuess from a small
news delixerv of which any man may well feel proud and his friends, of
whom he has no end throu,o"hout the county, have watched his rise with more
than passing- interest.

O'Neill has the faculty (tf doin^- the right thing- at the right time, lie
has seized upon and made the most of the i )](p(irtunities afforded him. lie
has anticipated the needs of busy business men and in this manner brought
himself to the Hood tide of prosperity.

()riginall\' a news])a])er xendor of the street urchin \ariely, he ha-^
worked himself up to a newspaper vendor of the wholesale kind. He estab-
lished a newspaper delivery system in Hudson count}- and at one time and
until a few years ago was the chief circulation man of 'bhe ( )l)ser\ er. When
the Observer took over its own circulation the "newsies," with wlinni < )'Xeill
was on terms of friendship through years of fair deahng", instituted a strike,
which, though short, was a bitter one. out of symi)athy for him. He readily-
recovered from the effects of this blow to his business and made it bigger
than e\er.

When the need for an auto service company in Hoboken became a])par-
ent, O'Neill, wMth very little capital, but with a vigor that creates success,
established such an instittition. From time to time autos have been added
to his establishment until it today is perhaps the largest and most comjdete
service of its kind in the county. He keeps a close eye on his l)tisiness, both
newspaper deliver}- and atito scr\ice, and extends it whenexer he hnds it
exi)edient to do so.

Dtn-ing all his sticcess O'Neill has never forgotten the fact that he was
a newspaper kiddie. He is rather proud of the fact. He often lends a help-
ing hand to the "newsie" of today and is regarded by a large number of these
bright little fellow^s as their best friend. He endeavors to uplift them, both
financially and morall}' and has done a work in the latter respect which en-
titles him to the thanks of the commtmitv.

"Billy" has a cherished desire of some dav founding a "Newsboys'
Home." AX'hen he realizes his ambition in this respect it is safe to say the
institution will be one of the most complete of its kind in the country for
O'Neill never does anything bv halves.

155

HJtUtam p. Mttbm

Il.LlAM I'. N'erdon. for many }-ears Repul^lican leader in the city of
iloboken. and today one of that city's most highly esteemed business
men, was born September 12, 1869, in Dublin, Ireland. His parents
were Frederick \'erdon and Jane Adams Verdon. Verdon was but a young-
ster when he came to this country, and he derived his entire education from
New York Public School No. 70.

Since coming to Hoboken Air. N'erdori has taken an active interest in
Republican jjolitics. In a Democratic community he had a hard hght. but
succeeded in becoming the leader of his j.iarty. ( )n one or two occasions
he has led the party to victory, which won for him the support of county
and state organizations. He is at present chairman of the Hoboken Repub-
lican Citv Committee and a member of the Hoboken Republican Association,
the b)hn Rothcrham Association and the Hudson County Reiui1)lican
Committee.

Industriall} he is president of the Eastern Creamery Company and of
the Hudson Dairy. He lives at 1218 Bloomfield Street. Ho1)oken. and de-
scribes his hobbies as "his eight children and his home."

Air. \"erdon's friends ascribe his success, politically and industrially, to
his straightforward way of meeting situations which arise. It has been said
of him bv his admirers that he never turned down a friend who came seeking
liis aid in any laudable or charitable cause. He has attained a great hold
on a large portion of the people of the city through these qualities of liber-
alit\', forbearance and personal integrity. In fighting his political battles he
has always been fair, although sometimes his zeal for the party has over-
ridden his natural qualities. With Mr. \'erdon it was always his party first
and himself afterward. In his business dealings it is his patrons first and
himself afterward. In his family afi^airs it is his family first and hmseli
afterward. In friendshij) it is his friends first and himself afterward.

Mr. A^erdon is still in the early forties, in the very prime of life. He
bids fair to l)e aggressively active in ])olitics and business for many years
to come, which his friends say creates a splendid outlook for his party in
the citv.

156

3utu0 Q. Ap^lryatr.

3\ IXS I). APPLEGATE. undertaker
a' 22^ Washington Street, Ilol)oken.
was l)()rn in I loboken May 14, 1853.
[lis parents were Ivins D. A|)plegate and
Susan J-)eas Whitney. W'lien eighteen he
went lo sea and lead a sea-faring hfe for
seven \ears. .\t 25 lie entered tlie eni])loy
of William X. Parslow . hv wlidni tlu' btisi-
ness was founded, lie remained with Mr.
Parslow until June. i<S(;i, when I loboken
organized a ])aid lire department and made
him rliief, in which capacity he served
until l<)nf). when he honorahU' retn"e(l and
took o\ er the business of .Mr. Parslow,
wdiose sister, l^vangiyn, he married in i88f).
Throughout his entire professional career
he has striven to maintani the dignity of
liis profession.

Fraternall}' .Mr. .\])])legatc is prominent
and ])opular. He is a meml;er of Euclid
Lodge. Xo. 136, V. and .\. .M.: Zenizem
(rrotto. Xo. H.. M. ( ). \'. P. !•:. R.; Pentalpha Chapter. Xo. 11. R. A. .M. : Pil-
grim Commanderx, Xo. i(). Knights 'rem])lar ; Warren Louncil, .Xo. 5, R. and
S. M. : Mecca Temple. A. A. O. X. M. S. ; and the A. .\. S. R.. Xorthern \ew
Jersev \'allev of Jersey City. He is also affiliated with Hoboken Lodge, Xo.
74, B. P. O.'E. : I loboken Aerie, Xo. 603, F. (). E. ; Loyal Order of P.uffaloes ;
Hoboken Exempt I-'iremcn's Association and Hudson County L'ndertakers' As-
sociation. He is president of the Hudson County Undertakers' Association
?.nd of the Hudson Count_y Coach Owners' Protective Association, trustee of
the Hoboken Cemetery ^Association and honorary member of the Interna-
tional Association of Fire Engineers.

157

dlnBrjjIj 31, iKintuFiy

fSKI'll j. KI^XXEDY, postmaster of
Hoboken, presents a fine example of
the opportunities in America for
foreiijn born citizens. He was born Febru-
arv lo, 1864, in Aiysball. County Carlow,
Irelanil. liis parents being Thomas Ken-
nedy and Julia Kennedy (nee Joyce.) He
was educated in the National School at
Alyshall and graduated in 1880 with highest
honors.

In the same year he came to the I'nited
States. Then, as now, America was a land
of promise and Kennedy came here to make
his foitune, Ix'ing one of a family of four
bovs and three girls, all born and brought
up on a farm still owned by the family.

He worked as clerk in a grocery store, as
bookkeeper, as insurance agent and real
estate man. He kept an eye to the main
chance and had a predeliction for politics.
For a time he was clerk of the County
Board of Elections and was was one of the commissioners of public instruction
in i8q6 and I'Sc)/. He was appointed assistant postmaster in i(,02. and .\ugust
30, 1911, was named as postmaster for a term of four years.

Air. Kennedy was saving. He owns the house he lives in and several others.
He took advantage of the real estate boom of a few years back to add to his
property holdings bv several shrewd transactions. He is general agent for sev-
eral insurance companies. He was always active in Republican politics and
a follower of Col. Samuel D. Dickinson.

He is a member of the Union League Club, the Elks, Knights of Columbus.
TUisiness Men's Bowling Club. Lincoln Rcpulilican Club and several other social
organizations.

158

iFrauk Siittttu tlutrll

KAXK l':0\\L\ 1':L\\1-:LL, Xurth
Hudson's well known sculptor, with
home and studio at 12 and 14 1 lud-
son I 'lace. W'cehawkcn, was born June 15.
1S38, ill C'ciiicord, Mass.. his parents be-
int.i |nhn W eslev I^lwell and (lara Farrar-
l-.iwdl.

.Mr. Elwell was educated in the iniblic
schools of Conccjrd and at the College ot
l'"ine Arts in I'aris. France, lie worked in
the blacksmith shop of his grandfather.
I'disha Jones Farrar, whose father assisted
in the killing of six British soldiers at
Concord Bridge and who was a distin-
guished thinker.

Mr. hdwell is a teacher ot art and writer
on art matters. lie has delivered many
lectures at Harvard and other colleges and
at Carnegie Institute at Pittsburgh. Pa.
He is one of the directors of the School of
Applied Design for Women, Xew York
City, and was curator of Ancient and
Modern Scul])tor at the Metropolitan Museum of Art under Director General
Count Lugi Palma di Cesnola. He is an honorary luember of the Cincinnati
Art Club and of the Dickens Fellowship in London. He is a meiuber of the
advisory committee for the celebration of one hundred years of peace between
iuiglish speaking peo;.-le in 1915. and of the national coiumittee for the third
conference at the Flague. He l)elongs to the Sons of the Aiuerican Revolution
and the New Jersey Historical Societ}\ He is a veteran of the Concord Artillery
of Massachusetts, being honorably discharged after two enlistments, and an
honorar\- member of the Seventh Rhode Island \'olunteers.

He is mentioned in the Encyclopedia Britanica. the Century dictionary,
the International Fncyclopedia, 'AVho's Who in America." "Who's \\ ho in the
World," "Wdio's Who in Xew York." "Who's Who in Art" and many other
works. He l)elieves in the achancement of American art, as we have the
greatest artists in the world. He thinks the world is growing 1)etter and that
n(i man is a goocl man without a good ideal.

159

l^iyxlip SI. Amnn.

HlLir L. AAlOX, principal and
founder of the New Jersey Institute
of Music and Languages, which has
l^een estabHslied for the past twenty-three
v^ars. was burn in Roetienbacn, Bavaria,
February iS, 1854. When but sixteen
weeks of age he came to this country with
his parents, wlio settled in New York. His
early school life was spent in the parochial
school of the Church of the Redeemer in
Manhattan. When but twelve years of age
he studied Latin and Greek under the Ke-
demptorist heathers in New York City.

His natural bent v.-as for music, how-
ever, and his musical education was started
in 1850. when he was a student under John
W'egner. He was a graduate of De La
Salle University and organist there iri iSf^/.
He studied under such famous instructors
as Leyersdorfer. Kirschner, I'nruh and
Steigler. I'nder Leininger he learned har-
mony and thorough bass.
He taught and i)layed in many Catholic schools and churches, as well as in
other schools and at one time tried his hand at Blauveltville, N. Y. Lie was
also musical director for several dramatic and musical companies. In 1884 he
settled in Hoboken and in 189 [ established the New Jersey Institute. He has
had some 5,000 students and of these more than 300 are now earning their liv-
ing through music alone. He is a composer of rare al)ility and an authority
on music.

For manv years he has been identified with union labor circles. He was
at one time district master workman of the Knights of Labor for three terms
when that organization was in its prime. He was most active in establishing
the local musical union and for three terms was president of that organiza-
tion. He declined a fourth term. He is an accomplished bandmaster and
for one season was inspector of music in the Jersey City parks.

lOo

Walttv ?^agur

'VV^ .\l/l'l\lv !';i\iK'. ])r()]iri(.'t(M of tin- well known pMwii^hoi) al 250 Xcwark
Irlll ''ivc-ihr', |crs(.'\ C'it\', souic-tinics known a> " Tlir ( )lil ('nriosilx' Sliop."
■^^^^ condncts the oklcst t'Slalilislu'd laisinrss ol tlir kind ni \r\\ Jirs(.-y. I Ir
succeeded l'\ W. !'a\ne in the knsiness, wliieli was esla.kli^lied in iS't_(, and has
sncce.ssfulh' conducU'd il lOi' llie last several years in a liij^h chiss manner whieli
has made for him friends of man\- of those who lia\e keen com])elled, lhrou,i^h
force of circumstances, lo seek his ai<l in assistin;ii them ovt'r rcui^h financial
places. The business is not incorporated, knt is owned enlireK 1)\ Mr. Tayne,
\\ho, in addition to acting as pawnhroker, carries a lull and rei^nkir line ot
watches, diamonds and jewelr\. Mr. l'a\ne has a second store at 4OS Jackson
avemie. Jersey Citv. and this is conducted along the same lines as the parent
store on Newark avenue.

Walter Pavne is one of the -olid business men of Jersey Cit\. lie is among
the most respected citizens. With his famil\ he lives at 18 1 )unc;in avenue, and
here be fmds bis greatest enjoxnient after a day of acti\ity in his extensive
btisiness enterprises, lie is a man of modest tastes and cari'S little for tri\'olit\
of anv kind. His business and his famil\' are bis two greatest hobbies.

I'.eing in business in Jersey L"]'i.y for so long a time ln' is naturally keen and
alive in bis interests for bis home city, lie has never (kibbled extcnsi\ely in
politics, btit be has alv\a\s been a close observer (tf political events and taken as
active an interest as a business man without desire of fee or reward takes in these
matters. In business circles bis interest has been as keen as in ])olilics. lie
alwavs bad an abiding faith in the future of Jersey City, and be believes that the
tin.ie is coming, and is not far distant, when the city will be of much greater
imi)ortance. commercially and intlustriallx , than at the ] resent time. Me is a
staunch supporter of the commission fcjrm of government, and b,elieves that with
capable business men at the head of various depuirtments i)rogress will be made
faster in the future than in the ])ast.

Although devoting most of bis time and enL'rg\- to his business ami bis
family, Air. Pa\ne buds time to mingle with bis fellow business men and to lend
his aid to an\- movement which he thinks is for the better interests of tln' cit\'
and countv. He is a man of few words, of decided opinions and of i)rom])t
action. His counsel is greatly sought by business men because of his long experi-
ence and bis ability to advise rightly when matters of more than passing moment
are being discussed and when problems of importance are under discussion.

When Mr. Pavne starts out to do a thing he does it and does it well. This
is a characteristic which has dominated bis entire business, social and personal
career. It is his indomitable energy that has made bis business so great a success
diat a second store of the same kind in the same town was made ])ossible. It is
bis personality that has advanced him sociall\. It is bis dignitv that has m.ide
bis personality marked among his fellows.

Mr. Pavne believes ])awnbroking is as necessarx to the nnfortimatc as the
banker is to the business man. He has always acted toward bis ])atrons as if
they were doing a banking business with him. He has never taken advantage of
the' misfortunes of others to enrich himself. He has always been as lil)eral as
good business would permit. He believes pledges left in his bands are trusts
reposed in him. He has never sold a pledge as long as there was a possible
chance of its redemption by the owner. He charges only the minimum rate of
interest allowed by law. There are no extra charges for bis services. He treats
his patrons with every consideration. He finds it pays to do so. It is m this
manner his pawnbroking trade has been built up. He has patrons in his regular
iewelrv business who have appealed to him for aid in bis role of pawnbroker, and
ibis speaks volumes for the treatment which has almo.st invariably made his
y-atrons his friends.

i()i

Title Page

Introductory

HiKlson Count.y

Jersey City

Hobolven

Bayonne

North Hudson

Abbett. Leon

American Lead Pencil Co

American Novelty Printing & Embossing

Works

AiTimon & Person

Anion, Philip L

Applegate. Ivins D

Atkinson Co.. \\'. H

Atwell, David Roger

Bellman Brook Bleachery Co

Bermes, Daniel

Besson. John William Rufus

Besson, Samuel Austin

Blair, John Albert

Bradley, W. H

Brand. Isidor H

Brensinger, George Frederick

Broeser. Henry V. . .,

Brunswick Laundry

Burhorn. Carl Alfred

Carey. Roljert

Car.sten. Adolph C

Ciccarelli. A. O

Columbia Silk Dyeing Works

Cranwell & Son, George W

Demarest, Abraham J

Dibelka, Ot.to

Dietz. Charles

Eberhard. Frederick N

Elia. D. B

Elwell, Frank Edwin

Emery, Captain John M

Eppinger, Albert C

Findlay & Co., A. L

Fleck-enstein's Sons, Ed

Gaede, Henry A . . .

Gaede, Henry J

Gardner & Meeks Co

Garven, Pierre P

Gilchrist. Charles Alexander

Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co

Griffin, Patrick R

Hansen & Hansen

Hagens, Fred

Harmon. Thomas J

Hefti, M

Hexamer Riding Academy

Highland Trust Co. of Ne%v Jersey . . . .

Horwood & Co., E. H

Hotwet. Henry Ameroy

Hudson & Manhattan Railroad Co

Hunsicker. Alvin

Independent Lamp & Wire Co

.lanssen, F. W

Jersey City Poster Advertiising Co

Justin. Arthur W'illiam

Kamlah, William

Kavanagh, William A

Kennedy, Joseph J

Kinkead, T. C

Kleinke, August

Leake. Eugene "Walter

Leonard, Clement De R

Uchtenstein. Julius

11
19
2S
32

Law

Finance

Industrial Progress in Hudson County

Medicine

Real Estate in Hudson County

Men of Affairs

53 Loew.v, Morris

SO Lorillard Co., P

Lugosch, Joseph .

89 McCaffery, James

86 McEwan, George J

IGO Mahnken, Alfred J

157 Marnell, John J

93 Maupai Dyeing Co., F. P

122 Max, Lewis

7 7 Mayer, David

137 Milton, John

49 Moos' Central Hotel and Hofbrauhaus.

46 Aug ,

38 Mountain Ice Co

53 Mueller Co., C. F

58 Neilson. Charles H

150 New York & New- Jersey Crematory . .

124 Nichols, G. Louis

104 Olpp. Archibald Ernest

138 O'Neill, William

39 Paganelli, T. Richard

58 Payne, Walter

59 Pendergast. Nathan H

77 Pierson. John D

134 Randall, Charles W

144 Rath, Robert. J

113 Rector, Joseph Manuel

114 Reiling & Schoen

56 Reiner Importing Co., Robert

107 Rleser, Robert

159 Savage Baking Co

149 Schimper & Co., William

113 Schlemm, William

103 Schwarzenbach, Huber Co

105 Sheridan, John H

49 Simon Co., R. & H

5 4 Simpson. Charles E. S

82 Speer. William. H

41 Standard Oil Co

123 Stehn. H. "tt'illiam

84 Steinhoff. Herman C

154 .Stellwagen. Frederick Byron

133 Stevens, Richard

114 Stewart Co.. Thomas J

140 Stillman, Thomas Bliss

75 Stover, Edward

111 Sullivan, James A

63 Thomson, James

112 Tissot, C. A

118 Cmansky, Morris

65 Union Iron W^orks

145 Union Trust Co

79 Verdon, William P

94 Vivarttas, Percie A

7 8 Vroman, Julius

125 Walscheid, J. Emil

12S Walsh, John J

56 Weber, Charles

158 Weehawken Dry Dock Co

110 Weizmann, F

135 West Hoboken Noveltiv & Embroidery

50 Works

51 White, William H

44 Wirtz. Louis .1

115

129

143

152

135

85
48
142
42
76
81
96
42

102

100

106

137

116

126

155

127

161

132

141

121

153

109

151

147

122

148

130

138

156

139

136

lOS

74
131
126

^(^2

THE NE^
RE

This book is
tal

V YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY ^
FERENCE DEPARTMENT !

under no circumstances to be

£en from the Building

1
1

form 410