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Robert E. Gross
Colleftion
A Memorial to the Founder
of the
Business Administration Library
Los Angeles
A N
HUMBLE ADDRESS
AND
EARNEST APPEAL
T o
THOSE RESPECTABLE PERSONAGES
IN GREAT-BRITAIN AND IRELAND,
W H O,
BY THEIR GREAT AND PERMANENT INTEREST
IN LANDED PROPERTY,
THEIR LIBERAL EDUCATION, ELEVATED RANK>
AND ENLARGED VIEWS,
ARE THE ABLEST TO JUDGE, AND THE FITTEST TO DECIDE.,
WHETHER A
CONNECTION WITH, OR A SEPARATION FROM
THE
CONTINENTAL COLONIES OF AMERICA,
^E MOST FOR THE NATIONAL ADVANTAGE, AND THE
LASTING BENEFIT OF THESE KINGDOMS.
Suis et ipfa Roma v'lrihus ruit. HoR.
' »■■ ■ ' ' " I I ■■■ ■■ I ■ I II ■■■■■■■■■ ^ »■■» IIMM^I ■ I ■■ I ■■ ■ ■ — ^^^M^—i^W»
SECOND EDITION, Corrected.
BY JOSIAH TUCKER, D. D.
DEAN OF GLOCESTER.
•^y^
GLOCESTER:
PRINTED BY R. R A I K E S;
AND SOLD BY
y. CADELL, IN THE STRAND, LONDON,
M. DCC. LXXV.
[PHICE ONE SHILL-ING AND SIXPENCE.]
A N
HUMBLE ADDRESS, &c.
My Lords and Gentlemen,
;HOUGH the Author of the enfulng
Tradt may be below your Notice,
as an Individual, yet the Subjcdt
l^S^i^ he treats upon, highly deferves
your mofl furious Attention. In the prefenc
unhappy Difpures between the Parent-State and
the Colonies, he undertakes to point out, what
Meafures the Landed-Intereft of Great-Britain
and Ireland ought to purfue in future, for the
Sake of themfelves and their Pofterity. And
if what he has to offer, fhould, after a due Ex-
amination, be found to be reafonable, folid, and
fatisfad:ory, he relies fo much on your own o-ood
Senfe and Judgment, as to believe, that you will
not rejedl his Plan, merely becaufe it originated
from an inferior Hand. This is all the Favour
be afks, or expedls from you.
A 2 Upon
■^ ADDRESS AND APPEAL t®
Opon this Subjed, he waves the Confidera-
tion of every Thing, which might have a Terl-.
dency to keep the prefent ^Queftion out of"
Sight. Great-Britain and her Colonies are now.
at open War. This is the Fact. But if it
fhould be aflced. How thefe Things came to
pals ? From what Caufes did they fpring ?
Which are the real, and which are the apparent
Motives in this Controverfy ? Moreover, who
"were originally and principally to blame? And
what Methods ought to have been taken at firfl,.
in order to have prevented Matters from com-
ing to their prefent Height ?— The Author hav-
ing already given his Sentiments on each of
thefe Heads in his 3d, 4th, and 5th preceding
Tra6ls, and alfo in his Letter to Mr. Burke,
will not here repeat the fame Things. — The
grand Objed now before him is fimply this ;
Great-Britain and her Colonies are at open War :
And the proper and important Queflion arifing^
from fuch a P'afl is the following, What is to he
done at the prefent Crifis ?
Three Schemes have been propofed ;—- the
Parliamentary, — Mr. Burke's, — and my own.
The Parliamentary Scheme is, — To main-
tain vi et armis the Supremacy of the Mother-
Country over her Colonies, in as full and ample
a Manner, as over any Part of the BritiJIi Do-
uiinions.
Mr.
THE LANDED INTEREST. f
Mr. Burke's is, [tho' not in exprefs IVcrds]
To refign or relinqullli the Power of the Briti/Ji
Earliament over the Colonies, and to erc6l each
Provincial Afiembiy into an independent j^me-
rican Parliament ;-— fubjedl neverthelefs to the
King of Great Britairiy with his ufual Preroga-
tives:— For which Favour of acknowledging
the fame Sovereign, the Colonifts are to be com-
plimented v/ith the moft precious Rights, Pri-
vileges, and Advantages of Britifh Subjeds :— i
I fay, complimefited^ and complimented even^r^-
tuitoujly .-—For as to their contributing any Pro-
portion, either of Men or Money, towards the
public Expence, and in Return for thofe Fa-
vours :— All this is to be entirely left to their
own innate Goodnefs and GenerofitY, to. do juft
^s they pleafe.
My Scheme [which Mr. Burke, in his lad
Speech of March 22, 1775, is plealed to term
a childifh one] is, — To feparatc totally from the
Colonies, and to rejed: them from being Fellow-
Members, and joint Partakers with us in the
Privileges and Advantages of the Britifh Em-
pire , becaufe they refufe to fubmit to the Au-
thority and Jiirifdiflion of the BritiJJi LegiQa-
ture .---Offering at the fame Time to enter into
Alliances of Friendfhip, and Treaties of Com-
merce with them, as with any other fovereign^
independent States.
No\5i:
% ADDRESS AND APPEAL to
Now, in order to determine, which of thefc
Schemes is the mofl: eligible ^--it would be
risht to confider, which is the eafieft and mod
pradicable,-— which is lead expenfive, — which
is likelieft to prevent fimiJar Difturbances and
Difputes for the fature,— and which will leaft
endanger the Engli/Ji Conftitiition and our do-
meftic Tranquility. For all thefeCircumflances
ought to be taken into the Accountj before a
due Judgment can be formed.
In regard to the firft, I wifh for the prefent
to be filent about it ;— partly out of Refpedt to
that auguft Body which has given a Sanation to
if,— partly becaufe it is now upon Trial, whe-
ther it can be executed or not;— and partly like-
wife becaufe this muft fall of Courfe, if either
Mr. Burke's, or mine, fhould be judged to have
the Preference. For thefe Reafons, I fay, I wifh
to keep a refpe.6lfui Silence on this Flead.
But in refpcft to Mr. Burke, I need not
Hand on fo much Ceremony. For tho' he is
confefiedly a great Rhetorician^ and can with his
mao-ic Voice raife a mighty Tempefl of meta-
phorical Lightenings and Thunders -j—yet.
Heaven be praifed, there is the Period of all his
Powers : And his verba ardcntia^ his flaming
Words^ are found to end at lail (like many
other Explof^ons) in Noife and Smoke. Nor
doth it, I humbly apprehend, follow, that the
Orator
THE LANDED INTEREST. 7
Orator is endowed with a greater Portion of po-
liticalDifcernment than other Men, or with more
dilinterelled Sincerity, and real Love of his
Country, in making a juft and honed Applica-
tion of that Difcernment •, — merely becaufe he
has more Words at Command, and can mufter
up a greater Army of bright Similes, and florid
ExprefTions.
But be that as it may : — I now confider myfelf
as ftanding at the Bar of the public Tribunal :
And therefore before the Jury is ftruck, and
the Trial begins, I humbly beg Leave to claim,
and to exercife one of the diftinguifhing Privi-
leges of Engliflimen in fuch Cafes, viz. To except
againft all fuch Perfons in the Pannel, who ap-
pear to be under a wrong Biafs, and an undue
Influence refpe6ling the Nature of this Difpute.
And I ft. I except againft Courtiers and Place-
men^ confidercd as fuch. This is not uttered out
of a Spirit of Refentment, Pique, or Difap-
pointment, according to the Mode of modern
Times. For, I thank God, I have no Caufe to
complain of any Difappointment ; having fince
my A^dvancemcnt to the Deanery of Glocefter in
the Year 1758, neither diredly, nor indiredly
made the leaft or the moft diftant Application
for any other or higher Station. This Renun-
ciation of afpiring Views- is a Circumftance,
which I am perluaded Mr. Burke knew per-
fcdly well, by various Means, and from diffx:-
rent
'8 ADDkESS AND APPfeAL t6
rent Pcrfons, efpecially from a noble Lordi,
formerly high in Office, and a great Fa-
vourite at Court, but now his Coadjutor, and
a flaming Patriot. And yet the Orator has
been pleafed to chara6i:erize me by Name in
his Speech of the i9thofyf^n7, 1774, with-
out afjy Provocation, as one of thofe Court-
Vermin (ixich was his polite Phrafe) who would
do any Thing for the Sake of a Bi^hoprick.—
Moreover I do not make this Exception againft
Courtiers from any bad Opinion I have conceiv-
ed of the prefent Set of Minifters: For I think-
it may be fairly allowed, without paying them
any Compliment, that they are to the full as abky
and as honefi as the bed of thofe who are endea-
vouring to fupplant them. But neverthelefs, as
they are fubjedl to many unhappy BiafTes, which
may draw their Judgments afidc without fmiHer
Intentions, they ought to be excepted againfl: in
the prefent Difpute. In fadt, while the great
Continent of North-America fhall continue to
be united to this IQand under any Mode what-
ever, Perfons in Adminiftration will neceffarily
have a Multitude of Places and Sine- cures to
difpofe of, many lucrative Contra6ls tobeftowj
and to fpeak in coarfe, tho' very expreffive
Englifti^ many Jobs of various Kinds, where-
v/ith to gratify their Friends, and Dependents,
Not to mention, that if ever a total Separation
(fuch as propofed by my Plan) fhould enfue,
the
•THE LANDED INTEREST. 9
the Miniftry for the Time being, would run a
great Rifque of falling a Sacrifice to the blind
Zeal of popular Difcontents, and the knavifli
Intrigues of Party-Fadlions. Therefore for all
thefe Reafons, I mull infill:, that Courtiers and
Placemen ought to be excepted againft, as being
not fufficiently unbialTed, or difinterelled to de-
termine impartially on the prefent Subje6t.
2dly. I particularly except againft the whole
Band of Mock-Patriots. And my Reafon is,
becaufe this Race of Men will of Courfe, pre-
fer that Scheme, whatever it be, which can fur-
nifh. th«m with the moft lafting Fund for Oppo-
fition and Complaint. Now it is evident, that
our Conjunction with North-America^ upon any
Terms, and under any, or every Modification,
will not fail of becoming an inexhauftible Source
of Altercation and Reproach, let whatever Mea-
fures be purfued. For Example : had the Mi-
riiftry propofed at firft that very Scheme, which
Mr. Burke has now thought proper to recom-
mend, the Heads of the Fadion, and even Mt?,
Burke himfelf (if he had not been a Penfioner
to North- America) would moft probably have
propofed juft the Reverfe ; that is, they and he
would have infifted on the Neceflity of obligifig
the Colonies to contribute a ShdiXt^proportionably
to their Inter eft ^ and to the growing Benefits they
receive^ towards the maintenance, the Grandeur,
and the Glory of that Empire, from which their
B own
10 ADDRESS AND APPEAL to
own Prefervation and Profperity are derived!,
And then the popular Cry would have been,,,
that a wicked and a profligate Adminiftration
were going to facrifice the Honour and Dignity
of the Britijh Crown, and the dear-bought
Rights and Privileges of the BritiJIi Nation to
American Gold, and American Ingratitude.
Then we fhould have been told (and every Town
and Country News-Paper would have echoed and
ro-cchoed the T ah) th3.t Am erica was the Proper-
ty of Gr^^/-5nV<2/;/ by every pofTible and legal
Claim ♦,— by RightofDifco very,-— Right of Oc-
cupancy,— Right of PofiefTion, — uninterrupted
Prefcription,— Communication" of Benefits,--
Participation of Polls of Honour, and Places of
Profit,— general Prote6lion,— never-ceafing De-
fence,, &:c. Sec. And then we fhould have been
told with peculiar Emphafis, that this new-
fangled, minifterial Scheme of ereding fo many
new Parliaments, all co-ordinate with each other,
under one general Monarch, was not only a no-
torious Breach of the EngliJIi Conflitution, and
utterly repugnant to the Law of the Land ; —
but was alfo a deep-laid, diabolical Contrivance
to fubjugate thefe petty Parliaments, one after
another, and all in their Turns, to the irrefifti-
ble Power of one grant Defpot : — In fhort, then
it would have been faid (and with great Ap-
pearance of Truth) that divide y et iynpra was
the minifterial Maxim ;— and that, what was
done.
THE LANDED INTEREST. ii
'done, or going to be done in America^ was only
the Omen and Prelude to the like fatal Efta-
blifhnents here in Britain. For the next Step
would be (and upon a Pretence full as good,
and altogether as conftitutional) to break to
Pieces the united Force of the Briti/Ji Parlia-
ment, by eredling one diminutive Aflembly of
States at Edinburgh^ another at Tork^ a third at
London^ and a fourth at Bath^ or Exeter^ or
fomewhere in the Weft : And then, partly by
flattering and cajoling, — partly by Bribes or
Bullying, — by exciting their Hopes, or their
Fears at one Time,— and their Jealoufies at
another, — and by playing off each of thefe puny
AfTemblies againft its Rival, the Minifter would
neceflarily become omnipotent; —and then fare-
well to the hibGYU^s of Old England.
3dly. I objedt alfo againft all thofe of what-
'Cver Denomination, from the roaring Patriot in
•the Senate, to the miferable Scribbler in the
■Garret, who are the Penfioners of France, or
Spain^ or of any other rival Power : I fay, I
objed: againft their being Judges in this Dif-
pute, becaufe the very Intent of their receiving
Pay is to promote Difcord, and tocherifh Fac-
tions—and becaufe they cannot earn their
Wages with more Facility, or with furer Succefs
to their Employers, than by patronizing fuch
Schemes, as will neceffarily keep up the Dif-
•putes between Great-Britain and her Colonies.
B 2 But
12 ADDRESS AND APPEAL to
But here the Smartnefs of Debate (to ufe one
of Mr. Burke's very fmart ExpreiTions) will be
apt to fay, " Who are thofe Perfons againft
'' whom your Infinuations are levelled ? Name
*' them, if you are able : And as you ought to
*^ be furnilhed with the moil pofitive Proofs,
^' before you are intitled to throw out fuch In-
*' veflives, give them to the Public, in order
*' that we may hold thefe Traitors to their
*' Country injufl Abhorrence."
To all which ftrong Words I would beg
Leave to fuggeft the following Anfwers.
I. I think it may be allowed, without injur-
ing theCaufe of Truth, or even Charity, that a
Man may be fully convinced of a bad Defign,
or a wicked Scheme being in Agitation, with-
out being able to prove, who are the Perfons
concerned in it. It is not ufual for the Guilty
to call upon the Innocent to ftep forwards and
be their Accufers : Nor can it be expecSted,
that xhe Names of the Confpirators fhould be
the firfl Thing in any Confpiracy which is to be
brought to Light. Indeed, generally fpeaking,
this is the laft Part of any Plot, or of any bad
Defign, which can be fully known, or legally
afcertained. And therefore, if either the Ex-
perience of former Times, or the Nature of the
Cafe, can afford probable Reafons, and circum-
ftantial Evidence in Support of this Affcrtion,
^hat there are Numbers of Penfioners to Foreign
Powers
r
THE LANDED INTEREST. 13
Powers now among us — furely we have ob-
tained all the Proofs that are neceflary at pre-
ient towards eftablifhing a general Belief of the
Fact, (which is the only Point here contended
for ;) and we muft leave to Time, that great
Difcoverer of political Machinations, to unravel
the reft.
Wherefore, 2dly. Let it be obferved, that
the Hiftory of this very Country furnifhes us
with flriking Examples in Confirmation of the
above AfTertion. Particularly during the memo-
rable Reigns of Charles the Second, and
William the Third, that is, juft before, and
juft after the Revolution, there were many venal
EngU/Jimen^ both in the Senate and out of it,
the Penfioners of France-^ who, to be fure,
meant nothing by what they faid or did on thefe
Occafions, and for fuch Pay, but the Good of
their dear bleeding Country; who therefore
flormed and thundered, fpeechified and ha-
rangued, printed and publifhed out of pure,
^difinterefted Zeal for the Welfare of poor, Old
Eitgland !
Hence therefore I infer, 3dly. That the like
may happen again, or rather has happened al-
ready, unlefs it can be Ihewn, either, that
France and Spain want no fuch Agents at pre-
fentj or if they did, that they cannot now, as
heretofore find them here in Britain. In re-
gard to the firft of thefe Pofitions, whofoever
will
14 ADDRESS and APPEAL to
^ill give himfelf the Trouble to examine coolly
and impartially into the flender Reafons alledged
on our Parts, for beginning two of the mofl
bloody and deftrudive Wars, that ever were
known, will find fufficient Caufe to believe,
that thofe Powers will always think it to be
more for their Interefts, to cut out Work at
Home for thefe reftlefs and turbulent Iflanders
(as they are pleafed to call us) than to let us be
at Peace among ourfelves, left that Circumftance
ihould give us an Opportunity of picking
<^arrels with our Neighbours. And moft cer-
tain it is, that both the former Spanifh (or the
No-Search) War, and the latter French (or the
Acadia and Ohio) War, were begun and carried
on principally with a View to promote the im-
mediate Interefts of the Northern Colonies ; the
former to profe6t their Smugglers, when hover-
ing about the Coafts, and when adually trading
an the prohibited Ports of the Spanijh-Weft-
Indies -, and the latter, (a War, alas ! begun,
without fo much as a Declaration of War !) to
<lo, I know not what ! unlefs it was to enable
the grateful Colonies to rebel againft the Mo-
ther-Country, perhaps a Generation or two
fooner, than otherwife they would have done.
But be that as it may, one Thing is certain, and
beyond Difpute, that the more we are embroiled
[ amono; ourfelves, the Icfs Caufe will the other
Powers of Europe have to fear our giving them
any
THE LANDED INTEREST. 15
any Difturbance : And that 2o,oool. or 3o,oooK
a Year fpent in Bribes and Penfions, proper! y^
difpofed, to raife an Oppofition againil Govcrji^
ment, and to enflame the Populace againfl: their
Rulers, will do more efFedual Service to ths
Courts of France and Spain^ than Thirty Times
thefe Sums laid out in manning Fleets, or e-
quipping Squadrons, or preparing and embark-
ing Troops for an Invafion.
If therefore thefe Points are fo felf-evident,
as not to be denied, the only Qiieftion now re-
maining is this, Can it be fuppofed, or is it cre-
dible, that a popular Britijli Senator, a Britijh
Pamphleteer, or a BritiJJi News- writer, in an
Age fo pure and uncorrupt as ours, would ac-
cept of a Bribe, or a Penfion on fuch difho-
nourable Conditions ? And are not all thefe il-
luftrious Perfonages either of fuch well-known
independent Fortunes, or of fuch fpotlefs Cha-
raders, and approved Virtue, as to be fuperior
to any Temptation of this Sort ? Now here I
fay nothing, but chufe to be filent; and ear^
neftly entreat every Reader to judge for himfelf.
Indeed there was a Time, when a Text of fa-
cred Scripture might have been urged, as carry--
ing fome Weight in deciding the prefent Quef-
tion : " Beware of falfe Prophets, who comq to
*' you in Sheep's Cloathing, but inwardly they
" are ravening Wolves. Ye Ihall know them
^ by their Fruits, Po Men gather Grapes of
J^ Thorny
16 ADDRESS AND APPEAL t3
«' Thorns, or Figs of Thiftles ? Even fo every
good Tree bringeth forth good Fruit ; but a
corrupt Tree bringeth forth evil Fruit. A
** good Tree cannot bring forth evil Fruit, nei-
*' ther can a corrupt Tree bring forth good
*' Fruit. — Wherefore by their Fruits ye
" SHALL KNOW THEM." I fay, there was a
Time, when the Authority of fuch a Caution
would have been regarded as more decifive than
the Productions of our modern licentious PrefTes.^
But as we now live in very extraordinary Times,
full of new Lights, and new Drl'eoveries, I for-
bear, left our Patriots fhould accufe me of Bi-
gotry, Prieftcraft, or Superftition *.
* In the Year of the RebeHion 1745, and for many
Years afterwards, the London E'vening Pcji (now a Re-
publican) was then a flaming Jacobite Paper : During
which Period the Author of thefe Tra^s had frequently the
Honour of being abufed by him, under the Charader of a
low- churchy fanatical y Oli^erian Whig. Once in^ particular
(above 20 Years ago) he was complimented in the highv'
flown Strain of Joftah ben tucker hen Judas Ifcariot. The
Times are now greatly altered ; and fo is the Tone of the
Abufe. But the Author is perfeftly refigiied to thefe Vi-
ciffitudes of human Aifairs: And he has no other Favour
tq afk of this, and of all his Brother Scribblers, whether
weekly or monthly, in Sheets, or in Pamphlets, than that
they would ne'ver praife him \ becaufe that, and thai only,
he fhould look upon to be a real Difgr ace. But it is not
the London E'vening Poji alone, who from a violent Jacobite
has commenced a fierce Republican. Many like Inftances
may be recolledled. And indeed the Tranfition is natural
enough ; for if a Man can be fo abfurd as to think that there
is an indefeajible Right in any one Family, when that Family
becomes ixtin^y he turns a Republican,
4thly,
THE LANDED INTEREST. 17
4thly. I exprefsly except againft all Perfons
of Republican Principles for very obvious Rea-
fons ; for the' they dignify themfelves by the
Name of Whics, yet as they are not the ge-
nuine, conjlitutional PVhigs of this Kingdom, but
an unnatural Superfoetation, and the avowed
Enemies of the Britifli Conftitution, they ought
not to be allowed to fit in Judgment in a BritiJJi
Caufe. They are, it is well known, the pro-
feffed Advocates for continuing and cementing
the Union between Great-Britain and her Colo-
nies -, and yet they wifli, above all Things, to
fee thefe Colonies totally exempt from, and in-
dependent of, the Power and Jurifdidion of the
BritiJJi Legiflature. Now, how are we to re-
concile thefe glaring Contradidtions ? And what
is the Reafon for profefling fuch a prepofterous
Zeal for America^ in Preference both to the
Interefts, and Honour, of their native Country ?
The Reafon is this :— They think, that by die-
rifhingand proteding a Republican Government
in the Colonies, they are paving the Way for in-
troducmg a fmiiiar EftablilLment into Great-
Britain, Therefore Republicifm is the Bond of
Union between thefe unnatural Englijhmen and
their Fellow-Labourers oi America: Republicifm^
I fay, [pardon the Ufe of a new Word, where
the Language doth not afford a better] is made
the common Caufe iov uniting Perfons of the mofl
difcordant Interefts, and different Inclinations in
other Refpeds*
C And
i8 ADDRESS and APPEAL to
And I will add, as an Illuftration of this Mat-
ter, and to fliew how far certain Perfons will eo
to obtain their Ends, that the Republicans in
the Reigns of Charles II. James II. and
William J II. joined the Coniliturionalifts in
bringing about the Revolution, chiefly with the
Hopes,, that a Prince who owed his Eledion to
the Voice of the People, might the ealier be
dethroned by the fame People, whenever the}?
could get them into the Mood to do it, whether
withj or without a Caufe. For the very Sound
of MoHarchy, however limited, or however well
adminiilered, is grating to their Ears. They
cannot bear to think, .that one Man, or one Fa-
mily fhould be lb much exalted above theyr.felveSy.
in Contradicftion to their darling Maxim of a
NATURAL Equality. And this Scheme for-
laying the Foundation of 2^new and eqiial Rq-
public is what the Republicans really intend b)^
ufing the Phrafe Revohition-Principks at this
Day. In Hiort, we have now the mofb authen-
tic Proofs, that their Predeceflbrs of old tried
all Means in tiieir Power, and even applied ta
the Court of France fiTil to prevent, and then to
defeat the Revolution, and to fee up a Repub-
lican Form in its Head •, alledging that it waS'
more for the Interell of that Court to have a
Republican Government take Place in England^.
fomev/hat after the Example of that of Holland^
than any Kind of Monarchical Confhitution ;
becaufe this, at one Time or other, might be-.
come
THE LANDED INTEREST. 19
Tome a troublefome Neighbour, and a danger-
ous Rival ; whereas nothing of that Kind war.
to be feared from a mere fimple Democracy,
Moreover in fome Years afterwards, when the
'Crown was fettled on the Houfe of Hanover^ we
know it well, (tor it is no Secrjet) that the Re-
^publicans both then, and fince, liad no other
Merit towards that Houfe, notwithftanding al;'.
their Boaftin^s, than that of refervino- its
Princes, like the Prifoners In Polyphemus's
Den, t" he devoured the la fi, A mighty Favour
truly ! For which our Ears are perpetually
dinned with a Repetition of the Sa-vices of
thefe Men towards the ungrateful Houfe of
Hanover I
And now% my Lords and Gentlemen, having
excepted again fl: Courtiers and Placemen asyl^rZr,
— ^againfl pretended Patriots on every Account^ —
ag;ainll the Penfioners of foreio;n Powers, — and
againft: ranJ: Republicans •,— my humble Requeil
is, that the Caufe between Mr. Burke and me
may be tried by the Landjld Interest only.
^hey are certainly the propereft and moft unex-
ceptionable Judges-, for they \\dNC the mojl at
Stake \ and their Intereft, and the Intereft of
the Public, muft necellarily coincide. They
can gain nothing either by War, or Peace, by a
SubmilTion to, or a Separation from, the Re-
volters in North-America^ but what muft tend
,to the general, as well as to their own particular
C 2 Advantasrc.
20 ADDRESS AND APPEAL to
Advantage. Whereas almoft every other Rank
of Men may find their Account, in countenanc-
ing and fupporting fuch Meafures, as may
greatly enrich themfelves, tho' at the Expence
of depopulating and impoverifhing their native
Country.
Nor, my Lords and Gentlemen, is this
Caufe beneath your folemn Notice and Regard.
In the former Spani/Ii [or no-fearch] War, yoo
fpent above Sixty Millions Sterling, including the
extraordinary Sums raifed, and the frefh Debts
contraded : — And in the laft French^ Ohio^ or
Acadia War, you fpent above Ninety Mil-
lions Sterling, if computed after the fame
Manner, viz. Additional Sums annually raifed^
and new Debts contraded. And all, alas ! for
what ! 1! 1 *
But
* The late Dr. Butler, Bifhop of BriJloU and after-
warda of Durham^ had a fingular Notion refpefting large
Communities and public Bodies ; — a Notion which perhaps
5s not altogether unapplicable to the prefent Cafe. His
Cuflom was, when at Brijiol, to walk for Hours in his Gar-
den in the darkeil Night, which xS\e. Time of the Year
could afford; and I had frequently the Honour to attend
him. After walking fome Time, he would ftop fuddenly,
and afk the QuelHon, ** Whai Security is there againft the
*' //T/Jzwi/y of Individuals ? The Phyficians know of none:
** And as to Divines, we have no Data either from Scrip-
<*' ture, or Reafon to go upon relative to this Affair." —
7V«(f, my Lordy no Man has a he ye ofhs JJnderJiandingy any
more than of his Life, They are both in the Hands of the So-
n;ereign Difpofer of all Things, He would then take another
Turn,
THE LANDED INTEREST. 21
But without any Retrofpedt to Things pad,
let us look towards what is to come.
The firft Thing to be confidered in the Dif-
pute between IVIr. Burke and me, is, which of
our Schemes is the eafieft to he executed^ and the
moft proMicahle ? He propofes that all Concef-
fions fhould be made on our Parts in Favour of
the Colonies ; but that none, or next to none,
Ihould be made by them in Favour of Great-
Britain. Now this Propofal can never termi-
nate the Difpute between us and them, but on
one, or other of the following Suppofuions.
First, that the Parliament and People of
Great-Britain are now convinced, that they have
aded injurioufly, illegally, and unconftiiutio-
nally in pretending to make any Laws, whether
good or bad, to bind the Americans : Becaufe
they (the Americans) have their own Legifla-
tures, which are totally independent of ours : And
therefore we take Shame to ourfelves by revok-
ing thele pretended, ufurping Laws. For in
lliort, the firft Step in Politics, as well as in
Turn, and again flop Ihort. *' W^\\y might not whole
** Communities and public Bodies he feizcd with ///j c/"
*' In/anity, as well as Individuals?" My Lcrdy I ha^e
ne'ver ccnjidered the Cafe., and can giue no Opinion concgrninu it^
*' Nothing but this Principle, ;nHt they are liable toInfaA
** nity, equally at Icalb with private Pcrfons, can acc/unt
*' for the major Part of" thole i raniadtions, w'lich we read
" in Hiftory." I :Koug!U iitde cf this odd vonceit of the
Biihop's at that junclurc : But I own I could not avoid
thinking of it a gr:rat deal fiiice, and applying it to many
Cafes.
Morals,
^^ ADDRESS And APPEAL to
Morals, towards fincere Repentance, is Refti-
tutioiu Or, fecondly, though we fhould not
trive up the Point of Right of making Laws,
and cry peccavimus^— yet we take for granted,
that no improper Ufe will be made of the great
and manifold ConcefTions, contained in Mr.
Burke's Scheme -, becaufe we have to deal with
a People, who, (we know by long Experience)
may be trufled with every Thing, as being the
^tintejfence of Honour and Honeft)\ both in pub-
lic and private Life, and particularly the fair
unfullied Monuments of national Gratitude.
Or if this likewife fhould prove to be a Pill
too large, and too naufeous for Englifnmen to
fwallow ;— then, thirdly, we are to fuppofe, in
order to end all Controverfy, that the Trade
^vith thefe 'North- Americans is fo elTential to our
Interefts, as a commercial Nation, that we muft
keep them in good Humour at any Rate, and at
any Expence •,— left they fhould deprive us of
their Cuftom, to the utter Ruin of our Manu-
fadures. Shipping, Navigation, &c. &c. &c.
Or laftly, we muft fuppofe, that Old Englafid
as in Fact grown fo exceedingly vv^eak and impo-
tent, and America fo very ftrong and powerful,
that it is in vain to refift any Encroachments,
which the Colonies may make on the Mother-
Country :---For in fuch Circumftances, it is
more prudent to fubmit to the prefent Evils,
great as they are, than to provoke our Con-
querors to inflidt ftill greater. I
THE LANDED INTEREST. 23
I fay, one or other of thefe fourSappoficioiis
mud neceflarily be made, before Mr. Burke's
Plan can terminate in real Peace, and reftore
that Harmony, of which he makes fuch conti-
nual Boaftings. Let him therefore, at his own
Leifure, take his Choice of either of the four,
or even adopt them all, if he pleafes, and make
the moft of them.
In the mean while, deign, my Lords and
Gentlemen, to cad your Eyes on my Plan
(cJiildijh^iS it is reprefenced by him to be) of a
total Separation. And firft of all, is it pradica-
ble in itfelf ? And could it be executed with
Eafe, if heartily fet about ?---Suppofe therefore,
that you were to recall your Fleets and Armies,
and publidi to the Americans the following Ma^
nifefto, couched under the Form of an Ad: of
Parliament.
^ Whereas many of the Britijh Provinces,
" Colonies, and Plantations in ]>i or th America^
" after having made, from Time to Time,, va-
'' rious Attempts to throw off, or fubvert the ie-
" giilative Authority and Jurifdidlion of Great-
^ Britain^ have at length proceeded to the
" greatefl; and moft daring Outrages for accom-
" plifhing the fame, by entering into illegal
" Combinations and traiterous Confpiracies, and
" even by breaking out into open and undif-
" guifed Rebellion : And whereas the Inhabi-
" tants in general of the faid Provinces, Colo-
nies,
24 ADDRESS and APPEAL to
*' nles, and Plantations (hew not the leafl Signs
*' of Sorrow and Contrition for their paft
*' Offences, nor any Defire to implore the Cle-
*^ mency of the Parent-State, which hath in
*' all Inftances cherifhed, fupported, and pro-
" teded them at an immenfe Expence both of
*' Blood, and Treafure •, but on the contrary,
*' continue to encreafe their hoilile Preparations
*' for oppofmg, by Violence and Force of Arms,
" the Execution of the Laws made by the fu-
" preme Legiflature of Parliament for the due
*' Governance, and conftitutional Dependence
**' offuch fubordinate States and Provinces;
' " Be it therefore enacted by the King's mod
" excellent Majefty, by and with the Advice and
*' Confent of the Lords Spiritual and Tempo-
" ral, and of the Commons o^ Great- Britain m
'■^ Parliament afiembled ;— that every fuch Pro-
*' vince, Colony, and Plantation which either
*^ now is, or at the Day of next
*' enluin.o; fliall be found to be in Arms and
*' Rebellion againil the Laws and Authority
" of the fupreme Legillature of Great- Britain^
*-'• Hiall, from and after the Time above menti-
'■'' oned, be totally cut off, fevered, and fepa-
"• rated from the Britijh Empire ; and that all
*^ its Inhabitants fliall be declared, and areherc-
*•'■ by declared to have loft and forfeited all Pri-
*' vileges and Advantages, Benefits and Pro-
" tedion both by Sea and Land, belonging,
"or
THE LANDED INTEREST. 25
*^ or fuppofed to belong to the Subjedls of
^' Great-Britain-^ and that they fliall be deemed,
*' taken, and reputed, in all Courts of Law, and
^' in all Refpedls whatever, to be as much Aliens
*' and Foreigners, and fubjedto the fame Inca-
*' pacities, as if they had been Aliens born.
" Provided neverthelefs, and to the Intent,
" that as far as the Nature of the Cafe will ad-
♦' mit, \\it Innocent may not be involved in the
" Punifhment intended only for the Guilty ; be
^'itenaded by the Authority aforefaid, that it
^' fhall and may be lawful for his Majefty, and
" for his Heirs andSuccefTors, at any Time, to
" grant a Pardon to a whole State, Province,
*' or Colony, now in Rebellion, under the Great
*' Seal of the Realm; or to one or more Inha-
*' bitant or Inhabitants thereof under the Seal
*' Manual, and to rejior^ fuch Colony, or fuch
" Perfon or Perfons to their former Rights and
*' Privileges, as Britijh Subjeds, when it fnall
*' appear to his Majeily in Council, that fuch a
*' Province, or Colony, or fuch a Petitioner or
*' Petitioners is, are, or fhall bedefervingof his
^* Royal Clemency and Favour."
Suppose, I fay, fuch a Manifefto, or one to
this Effect, and couched under the Form of
an A6t of Parliament, to be proclaimed to the
World concerning the Rebellion now exifting
in America: And then I afk, what pofTible Dif-
ficulty could attend the Execution of it ? Or
D who
!i6 ADDRESS and APPEAL to
who would even attempt to prevent it ? The
only People or Nation, who would wifh to ob-
flru6t the Execution of fuch a Law, are the
Americans themfeives -, for they have no Manner
of Objediion againft participating in- all Kinds
of Beiiefits to be derived from an Union with us ;
tho' thev raife fuch terrible Outcries ao-ainil
fharing in any of our Burthens: And yet their
Efforts and Oppofition would be all in vain ;
becaufe, tho* you fhould even allow, that they
are able to maintain their Independence in Ame-
rica^ that Circumftance would not render them
the Conquerors o.f Great-Briiatn^ much lefs of
the reft of the World , who mufl of Courfe re-
main independent of them.
Therefore, fo far at lead my Syftem muft
have the Preference to Mr. Burke's.
2dly. The next Queftion is, V/hich Syftem^
can be carried into Execution with the leaft Expence?
And furely as we have hitherto been engaged in
nothing but Profufion and Extravagance, it is
now high Time to adopt, if we can, fome ufeful
Scheme of Frugality and CEconomy in regard
to America.
Now, my Lords and Gentlemen, here again
permit me to afl<, What Expences can pofliWy
attend the Execution of my Scheme? — The
Thing itfelf is no fooner faid, than done. And
all the Charges attending it are fummed up in
the trifling Articles of Pen, Ink, Paper, and
Printing.
THE LANDED INTEREST. 17
Priming. Whereas Mr. Burke's Syllem, even
according to his own Account, will entail upon
you Hxpcnces always encreafing, nay, next to
infinite. You nuiH-, for Example, win over
the Heads and Leaders of the new American Par-
liaments by Means of " Great Honours and
" great Emoluments," [a pretty Periphrafis this'
to defcribe the Art of Bribing /J in order to co-
operate with the Plans o^ihtBritiJIi Parliament,
and to bear a Share of the general Burthens of
the Briiijli Empire.
You muft alfo guard their Coafts at all Times,
and protecft them from all Invaders : And when
they chufe to amufe themfelves by going en
fmiigglmg^ truckings huckftering^ and buccaneering
Parties on the Span?Jh Main, then you mull more
particularly (land up in their Defence, and infill
on their VefTcls not being fearched by the Spa^
nijh Guarda-coftas, And if the Spaniards (hould
think this an hard Meafure, and appeal to the
Practice and Example of Englijlimen themfelves,
v^ho never fail to fearch the Ships of all Nations,
if found hovering on their Coails, you muil
pofitively and vehemently fay, that the Cafe is
•widely different .----Then you Iiave a fufficienc
Plea for declaring War againH: them j—then,
my Lords and Gentlemen, refolve (asyourPre-
deceflbrs did befote) never to make Peace 'till
the Right of Searching is given up ; — then
fpend another ^^.Y/)' or 7tinety Millions in this new
P z Quarrel
28 ADDRESS and APPEAL to
Quarrel; — and at laft make Peace (as they did)
^yithout ever mentioning the Right of not being
fearched ^ for which alone they pretended to go
to War.
But this is not all :— For when the Back-
Settlers in America fnall have " topped the Apa-
" lachian Mountains in fufficient Numbers to
" conflitute Kords of Englijh Tartars, pour-
" ing down an irrefiftible Cavalry on the un-
" fortified Frontiers ^"-— who is to refift thefe
Jrrefjlihles ?—^ox. the Colonifts or Provincials v
for they, poor People, tho' novs^ 150,000 ftrong,
[fee General Lee's Letter] to fight againft their
Protectors and Defenders, will nevcrthelefs be
fo frightened at the Sight of this Apalachian
Tartar Cavalry, that they will again cry^ out for
Help to the Mother-Country •, — again, I fay,
as they did before, when only an handful of
* French and Indians appeared againft them.
*
* See, for a Proof of this Fa(?l, Firll, A Meflfage from
the General Aflembly q{ Mnjfachiifet* s Bay to Governor
Shirley, 4th of Jamiarjy 1754. Secondly, A MefTage
from the Council and Houfe of Reprefentatives of ditto to
ditto. Thirdly, An Addrefs from the Council of Repre-
fentatives of ditto to ditto. Fourthly, An Addrefs of the
Affembly of Virginia to the King. Fifthly, A Reprefenta-
tion of the Commiffioners met at Albany. And Sixthly,
Extrads from the Poceedings of the Congress at Albany,
all in the Year 1754. And all of them antecedent to the
Arrival of the tv/o Regiments under General Brad-
dock. I would here recommend the Perufal of 7'/6^ Co«-
tro'verjy hct^jceen Great-Britain and her Colonies, printed for
A L M o N , to thofe who wifii for a fuller Information on thefe
intcrefling Points j particularly from Page 107 to 136.
And J
THE LANDED INTEREST. 29
And indeed, if the Mother-Country will a6l the
Part of Bon ^jxote to that Degree, as to ex-
pend her bed Blood and Treafure in their
Caufe, why fhould they incur any Dangers in
their own dear Perfons ? Why be at the Pains
and Charges of defending themfelves, when they
can fo eafily get the Britrjh Nation to fight, and
bleed, and do everyThing for them ? Befides, Mr.
Burke has already declared in exprcfs Terms,
[Page 98, 2d Edit.] that America must not
BE exhausted. Exhauft therefore yourfelves,
my Lords and Gentlemen ! as much as you
pleafe, or as much as you can ; but do not
expe6l AITiftance from America^ even in her
own Defence, whilfl: flie can get fuch Knight-
Errants as the EngUJh to fight her Battles ;
and whilfl fhe can raife Patriots and Parri-
phleteers, News-Writers, and Republicans,
without Number, to yell the American War-
Hoop, and to denounce black and bitter
Days againft thofe, who fhould even hefitate to
obey her Commands.
But the third Queflon is. Which Scheme is
heft calculated to prevent the like Difturbances for
the future.
And here I would humbly beg Leave to ob-
iefve, that if my Scheme had nothing elfe to re-
commend it to your Notice, it mofb infallibly
cuts off all the prefent Caufes of Difpute and
Contention between the two Countries -, fo that
they
30 ADDRESS and APPEAL tu
they never can revive again. Whereas Mr.
Burke's is, at bed, but a temporary Cefiation
from Hoftilities •, a mere Truce, 'till both Par-
ties can be recruited, and better provided to
begin the War again. Nay, his would be found
in the Event,— not only to be no Manner of
Cure or Palliation of the prefent Evils, but even
greatly to foment them, and alfo to engender
many new ones.
For Example :— Granting, that Peace was
made on the very Terms, which Mr. Burke
requires : — Granting, that we repealed every
A61 of Parliament to which the Americans have
thought proper to obje6i; :— Granting alfo, that
■we renounce for ever any Claim of Right
to levy Taxes :--And granting, in fhort, that
the American AlTemblieS became fo many dillind
Parliaments, fupreme within themfelves, and
independent ot all others :-"Stili, whiift thefe
American Independents are to be protected by the
Britijh Flag •, whilft they are to enjoy all the
Kio-hts and Privileores of natural-born BritilJi
Subjeds, both at Home, and Abroad, and in
every Part of the Globe, — Queftions will^ and
muft^ and ought to arife, on what Terms arc
thefe independent Americans to be thus protect-
ed ? And what Compenlation is to be made to
the Mother-Country, for communicating to
them her mofl valuable Rights and Privileges ?
Are they really to enjoy all J'ofls of Honour and
Preferment,
THE LANDED INTEREST. 31
Preferment, and all Places of Truft and Profit^
^nd to be entitled to every Sort of Advantage,
* Safeguard, and Prote6lion, equally with the
Natives of Great-Britain •, and yet to make no
Recompcnce or Acknowledgement for all thefe
Favours?— The Anfwer of every (launch Ame-
rican^ and of Mr. Burke their Advocate Ge-
neral, mufl be as follows, (for on their Princi-
ples they can return no other) That each in-
dependent American Parliament will be ready
10 give 2ind to grant to Great Britain^ ! y Way
of Recompenceor Gratification, the whole Sum
of — whatever they /hall think proper^ and no niare-f.
And that in refped: to the Regulations of Ame-
rican Commerce, they will confent, that you
ihall put whatever nominal Reftraints you pleafe
* Where it not for the Britip Fleets, and for the Fortrefles
of Gibraltar and Port-Muhony~—3.\-\6. in fhort for the general
Terror of the Britifh Name, all the piratical States of Bar-
bAry would immediately feize on American Ships, when car-
rying Fifh, or Rice, or any i^K^htx American Produce South
of Cape Fimjiere, as their lawful Prey. And yet America
doth not pay a fingle Shillinq; towards the Support of our
Fleets, or the Maintenance of our Forts and Garrifons in
any Part of the World,
f See the Refolutions of the grand Continental Congrefs,
in Oppofition to the reconciliaiory Propofal of Parliament
for permitting each Province to tax itfelf, according to its
own Mode. In thefe Refolutions they cxprelsly declare,
that they will be the fole Judges, not only of the Mode oi
raifing, but alfo of the Sum or Quantum to be raiicd, and
of the Application of it: And that the Parliament of Great-
Britain iiath no Right to decide as \p either of thei'e Points.
upon
32 ADDRESS and APPEAL to
upon it, provided you will not enforce fuch Re^
llraints by any Forfeitures or Penalties, which
fhall imply the mofi diftant Idea of^ Taxation y —
and provided alfo that, if Offences fhould be
fuppofed to be committed, they, (the Ameri-
cans) and no others fhall be allowed to be
Judges both of the Nature, and of the Degree
of each Offence; and that the Caufe fhall be
tried no where elfe, but in their own American
Courts, and by their own American Juries.
:;Now, my Lords and Gentlemen, fuffcr me I
befeech you, to appeal to your own good Senfe
and Underftandings on this Head. — Afk your-
felves this plain Queftion, Is fuch a Plan of
Reconciliation as Mr. Burke propofes, a
likely Method of terminating the prefent Dif-
^utes between the Mother-Country and her Co-
lonies? Nay aUc farther;-— Hath it fo much as
a Tendency to cool and moderate them ? Or
rather doth it not feem much better contrived to
enflame, than to extinguifh ; to kindle new Fires,
than to quench old ones ?
Besides, v/hen each of thefe American AfTem-
blies fhailbe eredted into a diflindt Parliaments^
fupreme within itfelf, and independent of the
reft, — Is it poHible to fuppofe, that no new Dif-
* Tlie Americans have already declared, that they will
•^onfider every retraining or compelling Law, as a Tax upon
their Property. — See Dickinson's Letters.
putes,
THE Landed interest. 33
putes, or new Differences will arife between fuch
co-ordinate States and rival Powers \— neigh'
bouringy jealous^ and contending Powers, I fay,
whofe refpedive Limits are in many Inftances
asyetunderined, if really definable ! And is it at
all confident with any Degree of common Senfe,
or daily Experience, to fuppofe that fuch Com-
buftibles as thefe will not fpeedily catch Fire ? — •
Efpecially, if we take into the Account, the dif-
cordant Tempers of the Inhabitants of thefe re-
fpedive Provinces, their inbred Hatreds and An-
tipathies againfl each other, their different
Modes of Life, the Difference of Climate, Reli-
gion, Manners, Habits of Thinking, &c. &c.
Now, when Tumults and Diforders fhall arife
from any of thefe various Caufes,— What is to
be done ? And to whom, or to what common
Head, or general Umpire is the appellant Pro-
vince to carry her Complaint ?---The Parliament
oi Great-Briiain^ itfeems, mud no longer inter-
fere; for that is no longer the fupreme Head of
the Empire, to which all the Parts ufed to be
fubordinate, and profefied to be obedient;
therefore, being deftitute of any authoritative or
conftitutional Right to compel Submiffion, all it
can do, is to offer its good Services by Way of
Mediation i and that is, generally fpeaking,
juft nothing at all.
Is then the King, (abftradled from the Parlia-
ment) to be appealed to in this arduous Affair?
And is he alone (in his mere perfpnal Capacity)
E to
34 ADDRESS and A^PPEAL t©
to command the Peace to be preferved betweCiT
State and State, or Province and Province.
* Is he, I fay (abftraded from being a King of
Great-Britain) 10 fummon all the Parties before
himfelf and his Privy Gouncil, in order to hear
their refpedive Allegations, and finally to deter-
mine, and fettle the Differences between them ?
Be it fo : Then if he only is to decide, as in an
Affair relating to his own -private Patrimony^ im
* The Princes of the Houfe of Stuaut took it into
their Heads to believe, that all Colonies were their private
Patrimony ; in refpedl of which the Parliament had no
Kight to intermeddle. This Notion, fo long ago jullly ex-
ploded, is now revived, (ftrange to tell !) even by modern
Patriots, and American Republicans : For they are the Peo-
ple at prefent, and not the King*s Minillers,- who propofe
to exalt the Prerogatives of the Crown to the Subverfion of
the Rights, Privileges, and Liberties of the Britijh Parlia-
ment, and the Britijh Nation. Indeed fo far, it mufl be
owned, is Faft, — that as the Princes of that Houfe had the
jirll modelling of the Colonies, they introduced a Pra6lice
(ftill moll abfurdly retained,- tho' without any Power to en-
force it) of bringing all Appeals before themfelves and
their Privy Councils, inftead of before the Gowt of King's^
Bench or th« Houfe of Lords 5 which is tlife ofnly regular
and conftitutional Mode of appealing, and the only ons
now obferved in Appeals from Ireland. However, not-
withftandiiig this Impropriety^ as the King can fend ncy>
armed Forces to America, without Confent of Parliament-'
£rft had for their Maintenance, and afterwards for autho-
rizing the Ufe of military Law, and military Difciplin&
among them, it may be julHy averred, that the King doth
in no other excluirve Senfe govern America, 'C^2^xi as the fole
executive Power, which is to enforce and put in Motion
the Laws and Decrees of the fuprcme Legiflature of Great-
Britain. See a very candid and impartial Account of this
Matter in a Book intituled, ** Remarks on the principal
«* Ads of the i5.th Parliament of Great- Britain,'* from
Page 38 to 45.
which
THE LANDED INTEREST. , ^35
*which we have no nio7'e Concent than we have with
Hanover^ — it neceflarily follows, that he muft
be invefted with fufficient Power (independent
of, and without the Confent qf »Pai;Ji<am9nt) to
enforce thefe Decifions ; for a Decree ^without a
Power to enforce it, and to compel Obedience,
is altogether nugatory and vain.
Now, my Lords and Gentlemen, this brings
us to the laft point of Comparifon between Mr,
Burke's, and my Syjtem^ viz. Which will lead
endanger, or rather, which is beft adapted to
preferveour prefent happy Conftitution ?
Mr. Burke's you fee (if confident with itfelf)
rxnud inveft the Prince with an amazing Degree,
of Power !— even with fuch a Degree as (hall be
fufficient to controul the refradlory States of A-
merica^ from one End of the Continent to the
-other. Nay, what is ftill more, this fupreme^
controuling Power muft be the only Center of
Union throughout the Empire, Nothing be-
fides is fo much as propofed •, and indeed no-
thing befides (when the parliamentary Conne*'- -
tion is diflblved) can be fufficient to tie all the
Parts together ;— Parts fo widely diftant, fo to-
tally disjoined from each other, as the BritiJJi
Ifles and the American Continent.
Now here again permit me to afk. Is not this
a very alarming Circumflance even in Contem-
plation ? And is all our boafted Zeal for Liberty
to end at laft only in that Union and Connetlion
:which can be procured to the feverai detached
E 2 Parts
36 ADDRESS and APPEAL to
Parts of the Empire by Means of a Court, anc^
of a (landing Army ?-— A large Handing Army
to be kept up independently of the Britijh Par-
liament !— And that too for the exprefs Purpofe
of enforcing the Decrees and Arbitrations of the
Court !
But this is not all ; for even a (landing Ar=
my would not be fo formidable (becaufe it
would foon moulder away) were no Means to
be found out for its Support and Maintenance :
Now this Scheme of many independent Parlia-
ments points to the very Means of obtaining the
necefiary Supplies •, for, as an ingenious Fo-
reigner has very judicioufly obferved *, " A
*' Sovereign who depends, with regard to Sup-
*•' plies, on feverai AfTcmblies, in Fa6l depends
*' upon none. An Agent for the American Co-_
*' lonies, [I fuppofc the Author meant Dn
Franklin] in his Examination before the
Houfe of Commons, {Anno 1766, P. 122)
has even fuggefled in three Words the whole
*' Subftance of what I have endeavoured to
" prove on that Subjedl -, when he faid, T^he
*' Granting Aids to the Crown is the only Means
* See De Lolme's Conjlituticn of England, the Note of
Page 52. The Whole js a moll excellent Treatife, and
worthy the Perufal of all thole EngUJhmeriy who wifh to un-
derftand, and to fet a juft Value on the diftinguifhing Ex-
cellencies of the Enghjh Conftitution,---a Conftitution, as
he julily obfcrves, tne only one in its Kind, ponderibus li^-
brata/uis* ■. ■ ' '
« the
THE LANDED INTEREST. 37
" the Americans /lave of RECOMMI.NDIKG them-
*' SELVES TO THEIR SOVEREIGN. Nothing
*' therefore could be more fatal to Englifli Li-
" berty (and to American Liberty in the Ifilie)
" than the Adoption of the Idea, cherifhed by
*' the Americans^ of having diftind: independent
*' Aflemblies of their own, who fliould treat im-
♦' mediately with the King, and grant him Sub-
V fidies, to the utter Annihilation of the Power
*' of thofe antient, and hitherto fuccefsful Af-
*' fertors of general Liberty, the BritiJJi Parlia-
*' ment."
To thefe Reflecflions in this and in other
Parts of his Book, the judicious Author adds
* rnany flriking Examples, particularly the prefent
State of the Want of Liberty in France and
Spain^ by way of confirming and corroborating
his Argument. But in my humble Opinioa
there is ftill a more forcible Example to be
drawn from the Cafe of the hereditary Domini-
ons of the Houfe of Auftria. For it is wtU
known, that the Princes of that Houfe rule in
as abfolnte a Manner over every Part of their
vaft PofTefTions as the Sovereigns either of
France or Spain \ and yet there are States (an-
fwering to our Parliaments) in almoft every
Country belonging to the Auftrian Dominions \
nay, thefe States are frequently fummoned to
meet together •, which is not the Cafe with the
general national A fern Mies of France ^ or with the
Cortes
38 ADDRESS and APPEAL to
Cortes of Spain. How then comes it to pafs,— -
that fuch Meetings produce little or no EfFeds
in regard to the obtaining of a reaj-onahle Degree
of Liberty for the People, which every Subjed:,
if in his right Senfes, wilhes to obtain ? The
Reafon is obvious : — There are a Multitude of
little States or Parliaments within the Territo-
ries of the Houfe of Auftria •, — the States of
Auftria (not to mention the feveral flill lefTer
States in the Netherlands) the States of Bohemia^
Stiitts of Hungary J oiTranJilvania^ Stma^Carm-
thia^ Carniola^ Sec, &c. But all thefe petty
States, or Parliaments being totally independent
of, and confequently Competitors with, and Ri-
vals to each other, never can aft in Concert, or
purfue one general Plan, or attend to one com-
mon Inter eft : — So that the Power of the Prince,
which would have been too weak to have con-
tended with them all, if all had been united
(like the Parliament of Great-Britain) in one
£ompa£i^ and general 5(?iy,-— becomes an Over-
match for any one of them fingly and disjointed
from the reft : — And this is the true Reafon,
why the Houfe of Auftria governs all her Pro-
vinces with fo high an Hand at this Day. In
Ihort, 'Divide et impera^ explains the whole Myf-
tery of this Affair :---And Great-Britain may
here fee her own Pidure, drawn to the Life,
if ever fhe fhould confent to the Ercdion
of Parliaments in North-America^ to be co- ordi-
nate
THE LANDED INTEREST. 59
nate with her own; and at the fame Time
fhould allow thefe North- Americans to be Co-
partners with herfclf in one common Empire.
But why do I labour to prove this Point?
Mr. Burke himfelf is as confcious, as I can bc^
of the dreadful EfFedls, which muft neceflarily
attend the Execution of his Scheme. Hear him
therefore in his own Words :— * " We know
*' that the Emulations of fucH Parties [to be
*' created by the independent Parliaments of
" North-America] their Contradictions, their re--
" ciprocal Neceflities, their Hopes and their
** FearSy muft fend them all in their Turns to
*' him who holds the Balance of the State.
" The Parties are the Gamefters, but Govern-
*^ ment keeps the Table, and is fure to be the
*' Winner in the End. When this Game is
" played, I really think, it is more to be feared,
'' that the [American^ People will be exhauftcd,
*' than that Government will not be fupplied.'*
Now, my Lords and Gentlemen ! be pleafed
to compare thefe Fears of Mr. Burke, " that
*' the Americans will be too lavi/Ji in their
" Grants,— with the Hopes entertained by the
Agent (juft quoted from Monfieur De Lolme)
" that the Americans by Means of liberal Gra?its
" may recommend themfelves to the good
* See his Speech, March zz, 177s y fecond Edition
Odavo,
" Graces
46 ADDRESS AND APPEAL to
^' Graces of their Prince -/'—and then you
have full PofTefllon of all Dr. Franklin's fa-
vourite Speculation for removing the Seat of
Empire from hence to North-America^ and for
abandoning the BritiJJi Ifles to the Care of De-
puties, Vice Roys, and Lord Lieutenants. Ma-
ny of you, I m.ake no Doubt, have heard him
declare, that the great Continent of Briti/h Ame-
rica (which, according to his Computation, will
contain nearly One Hundred Millions of In-
habitants in little more than a Century) ought
to become the Seat of general Empire. And
it might be eafily gathered from the whole Turn
of his Converfation, that he thought it no very
difficult matter in the Courfe of Things to bring
this important Point to bear;— that is, to induce
ibme future Sovereign of this Country to make
the wifhed-for Exchange-, — partly by the Ob-
Hacles which might be thrown in his Way, were
he to perfift in remaining here [Obftacles, of
which we have an egregious Specimen already]
and partly by the alluring Temptations which
might be offered him to quit this petty Spot,
and refide in America.- --\ fay, many of you muft
have heard Dr. Franklin haranguing after this
Sort; or have feen Letters from him to the-
fame Effed :— For that this was his darling
Scheme, even before he came to refide in Eng-^
land^ I have been well alfured -, as well as h-is
favourite Topic ever afterwards. Therefore I
THE LANDED INTEREST. 41
v;ill add, that by the Help of this Comment,
we can explain many PafTages in the Declara-
tions of the grand American Congrefs, which
otherwife muft appear to be either naufeous
Compliments, or grofs Contradidlions: — The
Palfages I refer to, are the Proteflations fo
often and fo folemnly repeated, that they [the
Americans'] have no Intention of feparating from
this Country •, and that they have the pureft
Loyalty to the King, and the ftrongeft Attach-
ment to the illuftrious Houfe of Hanover. This
Key therefore unlocks the whole Myflery of
their (otherwife unaccountable) Proceedings.
And as Pope faid on another Occafion :
'Tis in the ruling PaJJion : There alone.
The Wild are conftant, and the Cunning known.
This Clue, once found, unravels all the reft.
The Profped clears, and Clod 10 ilands confeft.
In the mean Time, becaufe his Majefty is gra^
ciouily difpofed to join with Great-Britain againd
America in this Contell for Empire, (for in Fadh
that is the real Difpute, whatever may be the
Pretence) not only many among the Americans^
but among Engli/hmen themfelves, vent the
bittereft Reproaches againft him for being the
beft Friend and Protedor of the Mother-
Country. Surely Pollerity will (land amazed
at fuch a Procedure ! The like Scenes of Infa-
tuation and Ingratitude (not to mention Difloy-
F alty
42 ADDRESS and APPEAL to
alty and Rebellion) never yet difgraced the^
Annals of the World ! And it feems to be re-
ferved as a Mark of Infamy peculiar to the pre-
fent Age, and our modern Race of Patriots, that
while the Prince on the Throne is inceflantly
endeavouring to keep his People free, and to
fecure their Freedom more and more by all pro-
per and conftitutional Meafures, fuch Numbers
fhould be found amongft his Subjects, who are
equally induftrious to thwart his truly patriotic
Defigns, and to rufh headlong into Slavery.
ByT as Providence very often brings the
oreateft Good out of the word of Evils, let us
to
not defpair, but that thefe very Attempts*
wicked and unnatural as they are, may be the
Means of uniting all honeft, and well- intenti-
oned Men the firmer together, in order to fup-
port, and even to flreng.then the prefent Co'nfti-
tution. For Example, the two great I (lands of
Britain and Ireland^ which are only feparated by
a narrow Sea, ought not to be feparated at all
by different Governments, Laws, or Parlia-
ments. No good Reafon upon Earth can be
criven for fuch a Separation: And it has long
been the ardent Wi(h of every true Patriot in
both Nations, to fee them united. Indeed, the
beft that can be faid for the Continuance of the
prefent abfurd Syftem is, that the City of Dub-
lin would be a Sufferer by the Removal of the
Court and Parliament:—! fay, this is the very
beft
-THE LANDED INTEREST. 43
:/irgument, which can be urged : And yet this
has no Foundation at all, but in the Prejudices
X)f the Populace, who are almoft perpetually
-miftaking their own Interefts. Even the City
of Dublin would be a very great Gainer by fuch
a Removal ; for it would acquire Induftry in
Exchange for 'Idtenefs •, and then the Hands of
its Tradefmen, by being the Hands of the Dili-
gent, would enrich each other by reciprocal Em-
ployment ;— the Hands, I fay, of thofe very
Tradefmen, who in their prefent State, are al-
mod as poor, as the poorefl: in the King-
'dom. — That this is the natural and neceflkry
'Courfe of Things, and not an idle Theory, or
vifionary Speculation, I appeal to Fa(5t and daily
Experience ;--and I appeal, not only to the Cafe
oi Edinburgh^ which is nov/ three Times, at leafl,
as rich and flourifliing, as when it was the Refi-
'dence of a Court, and of a Parliament ; but I
appeal alfo to almoft every Town in Ireland:
XJork^ and Belfaft for Example, have neither
Courts, nor Parliaments; and yet their Mer-
chants, Manufadturers, and Traders are much
richer in Proportion to their Numbers, than
thofe oi Dublin : And what is ftill more extra-
ordinary, thofe little Towns, which once thought
themlelves happy in procuring Barracks to be
crefled among them., in order to obtain, as 'they
fondly imagined, the Benefit of a great Flow of
■Money ^ are now perfectly convinced, that Towns
F 2 without
44 ADDRESS and APPEAL to
without Barracks, or Towns from which Bar-
racks have been removed, are in a much more
Hourifhing Condition, then thofe which have
them. — Of fo mifchievous a Tendency rs the
Circulation of Money, when it becomes the
Means of introducing Idlenefs, and of prevent-
ing Induftry. For, reafon as long as you will
on the Subjedt, the a6lual State of Things will
ever prove itfelf to be this, that Idlenefs is the
Parent of Poverty, and Induftry the only Source
of real Riches.
But, my Lords and Gentlemen, this is not
all, and my Scheme of an Union with Ireland is
calculated not only to introduce Wealth, and to
prevent Idlenefs in the fingle City oi Dublin', but
alfo to diffule conftitutional Strength and Firm-
nefs, and to create a Stability and Compadtnefs
throughout the whole Empire : Whereas Mr.
Burke's has as necefiary a Tendency to weaken,
and disjoin every Part of it, and to fow Jealoufies
and DilTentions both at Home and Abroad, in
the Mother- Country, and in the Colonies:—
The unavoidable Confequence of which would
be at the laft, arbitrary and defpotic Power. In
one Word, the true Motto for my Scheme is.
Vis unita fortior j and for his Divide et impera\
Judge therefore, as Men who are more deeply
concerned in preferving and improving the pre-
fcnt Confticution, than any Clafs of Men what-
ever-,—judge, I fxy, whether Mr. Burke's Scheme
or
THE LANDED INTEREST. 45
or mine, in regard to America^ ought to have the
Preference. You have every Means of Infor-
mation now at your Command : Your Birth, your
Rank, and Education, lift you up much above
the Prejudices of the Vulgar •, whilft your patri-
inonial Eftates and ample Fortunes fcreen you
from a Multitude of thofe Temptations, to which
other Men are grievoufly expofed. And yet, my
Lords and Gentlemen, let me tell you, that if
you will not exert yourfelves on this trying Oc-
cafion, in fome Degree proportionate to the Im-
portance of the Caufe now before you, perhaps
it may never be in your Power to exert yourfelves
hereafter, when you will wifh moil ardently to
do it. Remember, therefore, I befcech you,
the Words the emphatic^ and perhaps even the
prophetic^ Words of a celebrated Partizan, whofe
Name I need not mention: — " Why, Gentle-
*' men, will not you, who are Men of great Land-
" ed Eftates^ take an adive Part in the prefent
*' Difputes ? Your Neurrality, I do afllire you,
" will not proted you. For if you will ftill re-
" main inadive at fuch a Crifis, what has hap-
*^ pened before, will happen again ; and the
" ****''s and the ***-*'s who have but little to
*•' lofe, but may have much to get in the Times
" of general Confufion, will certainly become
" the great Men of this Nation."
Fas ej} et ah hojie doceri.
Indeed the Ellates of the Church, v/e ali
know, will fall the firft Sacrifice, fhould the
Republican
4-6 ADDRESS and APPEAL to
Republican Party now prevail. But neverthe-
lefs, if you, my Lords and Gentlemen, fhould
•be io weak as to imagine, that Matters will
ftop there •, and that your own large FofTeffions,
s^our fplendid Titles, your hereditary Honours,
and ample Privileges will cfcape unhurt, amidfl
chat general JVreck of private Property, and
Crujh of Subordination, which will neceffarily
-enfue ; you will be woefully miflaken : -- And I
jnuft beg Leave to fay, that you Vvil! have pro-
.fited but very little, by what has been fo well
written in the Annals of this very Country, for
your Inftru6lion and Aanionition. For depend
^npon it, the Ufe of Committee- Men^ and the
Bufinefs of Sequejlrators are not yet forgot -, de-
pend upon it, I fay, that Ways and Means are
tftill to be found out, for the loweft of the Peo-
-pie to get at the PoiTeflion of the greateft of
^ourEftates, as well in thefe, as in former Times.
Their Appetites are equally keen : —And if thefe
liungry Patriots fhould fucceed, after fuch an
Example is fet before your Eyes, who are yoii
-to blame but yourfelves ? — In one Word, you
'know, or ought to know, that even the tender
-Mercies of a Republic are cruel. Or, if you are
fiot yet convinced of the Truth of this Afiertion,
"look abroad into the World -, nay, look into wiiat
is now doing by the Republican CongrefTes in
America-^ and then fee how you would approve
fuch Men as thefe for your Masters.
HERE
THE LANDED INTEREST. 47
HERE THEREFORE I willingly clofe the
whole Difpure between Mr. Burke and me:
And I mod chearfully fubmit the Decifion of
his important Queilion to thofe (but to thcfe
only) who are the beft qualified, the moft able,
and the moft concerned to decide impartially.
What therefore is to follow in this Treatife, is
to be confidered rather ex ahundanti^ than as
ilridlly neceffary for the Support of my Argu-
ment, and the Confutation of my Opponent.
Yet, feeing that the following Points may ferve
to elucidate fome of the former, and feeing that
fo' much has been faid, and fuch confident
Boaftings have been uttered, concerning the
Advantages, and even the Immenfity of th^
Colony-Trade ; I will enter the more particu-
larly into thefe Matters.
And firft of all, and previous to any Enquiry
into the Fadt,- 1 enter a folemn Proteft againft
the difingenuous Artifice, fo often pradlifed by
the Partizans of yf;;zfnV^, viz. That of begging
THE Question. They beg the Qiieftion, when
they take for granted, that \i America were fepa-^
rated from Great -Britain^ all comimercial Inter-*
courfe would ceafe between the two Countries.
For this is the very Point, which they ought ta
have proved, inftead of taking it for granted.
And prove it they never can, 'till they (hall have
firft demonftrated, that the Americans will no
longer adhere to their own Intereft, when they
' fliall
ADDRESS AND APPEAL tq
fball be difunited from us. A difficult Tafk
this ! In regard to which, they will find all the
World to be Unbelievers. Indeed I have al-
ready fo effedually filenced this Plea in my
Fourth Tra6l, from Page 203 to Page 220,
[2d Edit, printed for Rivington, &c.J that I
hope I may beexcufed from repeating the fame
Things. And as the Arguments there urged
have never been attempted to be anfwered, not-
withftanding fo much Good-Will to do ir^ and
that my Opponents mod certainly would do it,
if they could, the natural Conclufion is, that
they are unanswerable.
Therefore I now enter upon the Subje6l:
itfelf ; and as the Trade to Holland and Germany
(and more particularly to Hanover) hath been
frequently reprefented as being very inconfider-
able, and of fmall Importance ; I have for this
very Reafon, feleded this Trade from others, to
make it the Subjedl of our Comparifon with the
Trade to all the revolt'Cd Provinces of North-
America,
REMARK
An Account Gf tfie Value of tlie Exports from Evghnd to Germany and Holhmd ; and alfo to thofe North- American Provinre. ^M.\. ,.„ „ a u ,^ • .
the Congrefs, for nine Years f.cceffivel,. viz. from Cn.Jlmas .763 to C„r,ftmas .,yl ^X^:^^:^:^^^:^''''''^''''''''''
Germany
HoUaod
From Clirirtmas 1763
to Cliriftmas 1764.
Value C'f Exports.
' Z. T7.
— 2,264,3 1; 3 5
2,0^0,467 g 9
Carolina ■ —
Ncvv-Eneland's four Provin
New-York —
Pcnfilvania —
Virginia and Maryland
[To/m, Pagi 49.]
305.
4S9.7fi5
5'S.+
6 12
435,191 14
5]5,i93 10
1765.
ralue of Exports,
~£- '~.
1,869,465 18 8
2,026,77z 16 11
iy66.
f^a/ue of Exports.
£■ ''~
1,811,268 2 3
1,602,924 6 7
>76-j
f'alae of Exports.
£■ '■ d-
1,506,293 10 11
1,539,705 18 o
1768.
Value of Experts.
1,499,732 o 4
1,744,974 5 8
Value of ExporU.
£■ ~71.
1,338,866 9 8
1,658,551 13 1
1770.
Value of Exports.
334,709 12
451,299 14
382,349 II
363,368 17
383,224 13
1,272,569 o 4
'•766,333 JO 2
The REVOLTED PROVINCES of North- America.
296,732 1
409,642 7
330,829 15
327,3H S
372,548 16
4
244,093
6
0
289,868
12
3
6
406,08 1
9
2
419,797
9
4
8
+17.957
'5
S
482,930
'4
4
3
371,830
8
JO
432,107
17
4
I
437,628
2
b
475.954
6
z
306,600 5
207,993 14
74,918 7
199,909 17
488,362 15
146,273 17
394.45 ' /
475,991 12
134.881 15
717,782 17
1771.
Value of Exports.
£■ '■ d.
1,316,492 1 4
1,685,397 16 o
Value of Exports.
£■ s. J.
1,354,181 6 6
'.997,815 1 4
Tutals.
Value cf Expoi
£■ s. d.
■4,233.183 i, 9
16,060,942 1^ 6
Total of both Countries 30,294,126
■' 3
409,169 9 4
1,420,119 1 1
653,621 7 6
728,744 19 10
920,326 3 8
449,610 2
824,830 8
343,970 19
507.909 14
793.910 13
2,782,865 7 7
4,993,980 13 o
3.677,986 15 8
3. 5°'. 259 10 o
5,104,930 17 5
Totalsof the revolted Provinces 20,061,023 3 8
Superiority of the Value of the Export, to Mkntl and German} over th{ Exports to the revolted Provinte. ai Amerka £. 10,233,103 7" 7
r
THE LANDED INTEREST.
49
REMARK I.
ACCORDING to the above State of the
Account, the Sum Total of the Value of
the Exports to Holland 2Lnd Germany alone, dur-
ing a Period of nine Years, exceeded that to all
the [prefent revolted] Provinces of North- Ame-
rica^ by no lefs than 10,233,103/. ys. yd. which
is more than one-third of the Whole. And
yet this very Period was more favourable to
American Exports than any other : ift. Becaufe
during this Period, there was the greateft Emi-
gration from Europe to America^ and particu-
larly from Holland and Germany .^ that can be re-
membered; and each Emigrant, ifaCuftomer
to England^ whilfl: refident in Europe^ not only
fwells the American Account by his Removal,
but alfo finks the European: So that he ads
in a double Capacity, by adding Weight to
one Scale, and by fubftrading, at lead an
equal, if not a greater, ftom the other :- adly,
Becaufe During this Period, the Colonifts,
and more efpecially the four New- England Go-
vernments, were preparing for a Non- Importation
Syftem-, and therefore were ftoring their Ma-
jgazines with great Quantities of Goods to ferve
for many Years. This Circumftance appears
G on
50 "ADDRESS and APPEAL to
on the very Face of the Account: — And ^dly^
Becaufe the Bufinefs of Commercial Puffing,.
during this Period, was carried, by the Parti-
zans of America^ to a greater Height than ever^
in order to make the American Trade appear to-
be of much more confequence to this Nation,
than it really is. - To explain this Artifice of
Commercial Puffings, to fuch Perfons, who are
not converfant in the Progrefs of Commercial
Laws, I muft beg their Attention to the follow-
ing Oiort Narrative.— Formerly the Kings of
England eftablifhed certain Duties or Taxes
(generally five per Cent, ad Valorem) both on
the Import and Export of Goods, merely by Vir-
tue of their own Prerogative ; and, as it v/ as the
iiniverfal Practice for every Prince to aft in the
fame Manner, thefe Duties or cuftomary Pay-
ments were therefore called the Customs, — the
J^lace where thefe Duties were paid, the Cufiom-
Houfe^ and the Officers who colledled them the
Ctiftoyn-Houfe Officers. In Procefs of Time, the
Subjects gained a little more Liberty; fo that the
Duties which were originally impoled by Virtue
of the mere Prerogative of the Crown, were af-
terwards colledcd by the Authority of an A^J^
ov ABs of the whole Legiflature.
And yet, notwithftanding this Cl^ange of Au-
thority, there was very little Alteration intheSyf-
tem of Taxation : For Exports as well as Imports
(in thofe Days of commercial Blindnefs) paid a
Duty
THE LANDED INTEREST. 51
Duty of about five per Cent. * ad Valorem^ as low
down as the Reigns of Charles II. and James
il. — Kino; William was the firil Prince who
had a true Notion of introducing wife and bene-
ficial Regulations into the Syftem of Exporta-
tion : For he caufed the Duties to be taken off
from the Exports of En^li/h Woollen Manufac-
tures, and of a few other Articles : Queen Awm
followed his good Example, and extended the
fame politic Syftem a little farther: But it was
referved to the Reign of George I. and to the
Adminiilration of that great and abk Minifter,
.Sir Robert Walpole (whom the Traders, and
the Populace always abufed) to enrich this
Country by Means of a general Syftem of Judi-
dous Taxes, and falutary commercial Regula-
tions. For in one fingle A6t of Parliament in
the Year 1722, (8th of G. I. Chap. 15.) there
were about 196 Taxes repealed, [fee Crouch's
Book of Rates] Taxes which had been injudici-
oufly laid, partly on Raw Materials coming in.
* Queen Elizabeth fometimes raifed this Duty to 20
and 25 per Cent, by Orders and Warrants iflued from her
Privy Council ; that is, by her own folc and abfolute Au-
thority. Yet fhe was goo^j ^een Bess: And her Days were
golden Days. See alfo the fhocking Number of ?;ionopolies
granted in her Reign, fet forth at large in Town sh end's
Co/Iedion; or in Sir Simon d'Ewz's "Journal o^ Parliament.
See more particularly the Debates which pafled in the 43d
Year of her Reign, after a Struggle of upwards of 20 Years
for abolilhing thefe Monopolies.
G 2 but
S2 ADDRESS AND APPEAL ro
but chiefly on Briti/k Manufa6lures going our.
But tho' this excellent Law was produ(5live of
the greateft Advantage to the Nation •, yet it
muft be allowed, that like many other good
Things, it was the innocent Caufe of introduc-
ing fome Evil. For from that Time we may
date the Origin of our modern Puffings refpedt-
ing the Export of Goods, which has fpread but
too generally ever fince. Englijh Manufaftures,
when entered in the Cuftom-Houfe for Expor-
tation, now pay no Tax or Duty ; therefore this
Circumftance becomes a Temptation to many
Perfons to make larger Entries for Exporta-^
tion, than in Truth and Reality they ought to
do. Vanity, and the Defire of appearing to
be Men of large Dealings, and extenfive Cor-
refpondencies, and perhaps other Motives ilili
lefs juftifiable, will but too well account for
fuch Proceedings in the mercantile World.
Confequently in commercial Puffing, the Traders
to Holland and Germany^ and the Traders to
North- America are much upon a Par: So that
were they to accufe each other, it might be faid
of both,
Clodius accufat Machos^ Caialina Cdhegos.
But neverthelefs in other Refpe6ls there is a
wide Difference between them. For the Par-
tizans of America are aduated not only by
Self-Interefl, or Vanity, but by Principles flrll
more
THE LANDED INTEREST. 53
more powerful, viz. By fuch a Spirit of Enthu-
fiafm, and a Zeal bordering on Phrenzy, as will
(lick at nothing to promote the Good of the
Caufe. Hence therefore we may reafonably
infer, that tho' the Entries for Exportation to
every Country are fomewhat exaggerated, yet
that thofe to North- America arc doubly fo.
Other Traders may probably confider thefe
puffing Advertifements [I mean their exag-
gerated Entries for Exportation] as a Kind of
Peccadillos, very allowable for the Promotion
of their Intereft; but an American Partizan views
them in a much higher Light, viz. as meritorious
A^s done for the Good of his Country,
HEMARK
54 ADDRESS and APPEAL to
REMARK 11.
S we have been hitherto comparing the
Value of the Exports to the twelve mal-
Content Provinces of North-America^ with the
Value of the Exports to Holland and Germany ;
let us in the next Place confider alfo the Nature
of the North- American Import s^y if compared
with thofe of other Countries.
Now all Imports may be divided into two
ClafTes, viz. Raw Materials for the Employ-
ment of our own People, and taxable Objedls
for the Purpofes of raifing a Revenue.
In regard to the firll of thele, — if we fhould
caft our Eyes on the Imports from * Rujfia only,
will any one be fo hardy as to maintain, that the
Imports from North-America are at all on a Par
with them, in any Refped whatever ? Timber, \
for ^
* A few fhallovv, half-fighted Politicians have objeded
to the Trade with RuJJiay becaufe the Balance, according
to their narrow Ideas, is vifibly againll us. But what Ba-
lance do they mean ?— Not the Balance o^ Indujiry^ for that
is plainly in our Favour ; or, in other Words, we export
xnore manufa^ured Goods to RuJJja, than we receive from it.
And as to the Balance of Money y they ought to have known,
that it is much more beneficial to an induftrious, commer-
^;il Country to import Raw Materials (if it nxiants them)
thaA
THE LANDED INTEREST. 55
for Example, Iron, Hemp, Flax and Fhx-Seed,
Linen-Yarn, Skins, and Purrs, Afhes, Tallow^
Hair, Bridles, &c. &c. ; — Can it be pretended,
with any Appearance of Truth, that the Im-
ports of thefe Articles (taking one with ano-
ther) from North America^ will bear any Com-
parilbn with thofe from RuJJta? And yet, to the
Shame and Difgracc of an enlightened com-
mercial State, levcral of thele raw Materials arc
taxed, if imported from Ri(Jfia^ in order to cre-
ate a Monopoly to North- America : And others^
when imported from America^ are not only al-
lowed to be entered Duty-free, which is juft
enough •, but alfo have enjoyed for many Years
the Benefit of large and munificent Bountie?^
given by the Parliament of Great-Britain.-—
Given ? To whom ? To our non-reprefented
Colonies : Por it feems they will condefcend vy
receive Bounties from us, tho' not reprefented,
notwithftanding they make this very Circum-
flance a Plea or Pretence againfl bearing
than to import Gold and Silver ; becaufe there cannot be
io many Hands employed in the manufaduring of thefe
Metals, as in the working up of Timber, Iron, Hemp,
Flax, &c. &:c. to their refpedive Ufes. It is amazing,
how little thefe felf- evident Principles have been under-
llood, or at lealt attended to by commercial Writers of fome
Note and Charader, and particularly by Josiah Gee;
according to whofe Dodrine of the Balance of Trade, this
Nation hath not been worth a fingle Shilling for almolt
thefe I op Years,
any
56 ADDRESS and APPEAL to
any Share in our Burdens. However all this
is not fufficient to create that Monopoly in their
Favour, which they, and their Adherents have
long had in Contemplation. For the Imports
of Raw-Materials from Ruffia^ which are every
Day encreafing, exceed thofe from North- Ame-
rica in Goodnefs, in Quantity, in Value, and in
every Refped, to a very great Degree.
But I forgot : " Pitch and Tar, and Indigo
*' are alfo Raw-Materials of very great Confe-
*' quence : And they are imported from North-
*' America^ but not from RuffiaJ*^ True : Pitch
and Tar, if imported from Rujfia^ would have
paid an high Duty •, but when brought from
America^ they receive a very large Bounty. And
as to Indigo, had it not been for the many Hun-
dred Thoufands of Pounds Sterling, which
Great-Britain has granted in Bounties and Pre-
miums to promote the Culture of this Article
in the Caroltnas and Virginia^ [a tenth Part of
which Sum would have ferved for the Cultiva-
tion of a better Sort on the Coaft of Africa^ I
fay, had it not been for this continual Foftering,
and expenfivc Nuriing, probably not an Ounce
of it would have been raifed in North- America,
A nd even as it is, the Indigo of Carolina^ &c.
is, generally fpcaking, of a Quality much infe-
rior to that, which comes from other Countries.
So much therefore as to Raw-Materials, — and
let this fufiice in refped to the great Returns
of
THE LANDED INTEREST. 57
<if our Colonies towards us, for making fo many
impolitic reftraining Laws againftourfelves, and
for granting them fo many Monopolies, and
fuch extenfive Bounties.
The next Head of Enquiry is, what taxable
Ohje^is do we receive from North- America^ if
compared with the Taxables of other Coun-
tries ? Mr. Burke aiTerts Page 97, 2d Edit.
*' That if America gives us taxable OhjeUs^ on
*' which we lay our Duties here, and gives us at
" the fame Time, a Surplus by a foreign Sale
*' of her Commodities to pay the Duties on
" thefe Objedls which we tax at Home, Pie has
*' -performed her Fart to the Britifli Revenue.''^
Well then, according to this Do6lrine, we
are firft to fuppofe, that North- America fupplies
us with great Quantities of taxable Objedts 5 —
and fecondly that by fo doing, Ihe hath performr
ed her Part to the BritiJJi Revenue ; and there-
fore ought not to be obliged to contribute any
further. Now I am fo unhappy as to differ
from the patriotic Orator in both thefe refpefls ;
that is, I firft deny his Premifes ; — and then
2dly, granting even his Premifes, I cannot ad-
mit of his Conclufion. Firft, then I do main-
tain, that North-America doth not fupply Great-
Britain with great Quantities of taxable Ob-
je6ts : For perhaps hardly any civilized Coun-
try in the World, of equal Extent, and under
tho. fame Parallels of Latitude, is fo barren in
H thav
5$ ADDRESS and APPEAL to
that Refpedt, as North-America. — At prefent, I
can recoiled but two taxable Objedls among all
her Stores, viz. Rice and Tobacco. In refpe6b
to Rice, I do allow that it hath been ciiflomary
to tax it ; but as it is a Raw-Material, and an
Article of Food, it ought never to have been
taxed. And the Legiflature hath done wifely at
prefent in repealing that Tax, which heretofore
was laid on the home Confumption of it. The
Fa(5l is, that when Corn is dear. Rice b^ecomes a
good Succedaneum ; but when the former is
cheap, the latter will not be ufed in any Quan-
tities here in England: For EngliJJi Stomachs
will never prefer Rice to Wheat. In refpedl to
that Rice, which is carried to the reft oi Europe^
it ought to be remembered, that it pays no Duty
at all, if exported South of Cape Finijlerre. And
as to the Duty which is retained on the Re-ex-
portation of Rice to the Northward of Cape Ft-
niftere^ it is fo very trifling and inconfiderable,
that it doth not defcrve to be mentioned in a ge-
jicral and national View.
In regard to Tobacco-, I admit it to be a
vQxy proper Object of Taxation. But here
again, that which is re-exported pays but little
Duty, if any at all. And with refped to that
which is lifed and confumed at Home, when the
many Frauds attending it, together with the Ex-
pence of colledling are taken into the Account,
the clear Balance will not be in any Degree, fo
great as is vulgarly imagined.
"':■.. '. But
THE LANDED INTEREST. 59
But granting, that this Branch of the Reve-
nue is confiderable, nay that it is very confider-.
able ; yet there are a few unlucky Qiicflions to
be afked on this Head, which it will puzzle Mr.
Burke and all his Adherents to anfwer in fuch
a Manner, as would do any Credit, or Service to
their Caufe. For Example ; has the Engli/Ii Le-
giflature done any Thing towards favouring this
American Tobacco-Trade, and raifing it up to its
prefent Height? Yes, it has-, £;^^/<3«^ has granted
a Monopoly to the Americans againft herfelf, by
feverely prohibiting, in feveral Adls of Parlia-
ment, the Cultivation of Tobacco in £;/^/^»i.-
So that at the worfl, we have one Remedy ilill
in referve, viz. the taking off this Prohibition,,
(hould the Americans be fo wrathfully- minded
as to refolve never to fell us any more Tobacco.
On this Ground therefore I ftill proceed •, and
as the Friends of Mr. Burke (if not he himfelf)
are lo very forward in exclaiming againft the Re-
ftraints and Hardfhips, under which they pre-
tend, that America has fo long groaned •, — I a(k,
why are they fo totally filent concerning the
many Reftraints and Difcouragements, vvhicli
England alfo hatk long and patiently futfered ia
order to enrich America ? And where is the
Candor, or Impartiality of fuch a Condudl ?
Again, — if we have granted the A}nericans this
Monopoly, in order to encreafe their Trade, and
to caufe their Provinces to flourifhj what Effefts
H z hatli
6o ADDRESS and APPEAL t&
hath it produced, in regard to the Sum Total of
our own Revenue ? And what is the Amount of
the whole Duty on Tobacco ? Is it equal to the
Duties paid on the fimple Article of Tea^,— or
of Wines and Brandies ; — or in fhort of mere
Fruit for our Mince- Pies, and Plumb-Puddings,
for our Tables and Deferts ? No, by no Means, it
is not equal to any one of thefe general Articles r
For the Duty paid on the Importation of Fruit
alone greatly furpafles it. And yet we have
granted no Monopolies, no Premiums, and no
Bounties either to China, or to France, to Spain,
Fortttgal, Italy, &c. &c. nor are thefe Countries,
to which we have fo vaft a Trade, and from
which we draw fo great a Revenue, English
Colonies.
BtJT neverthelefs, I will now fuppofe, contra-
ry to all Proof and Matters of Fad, that the
Revenue of the taxable Objedls imported from'
North- America, was the greateft of all others ;—• »
what Inference is to be drawn from this Con-
ceffion ? And doth it at all follow from fuch
Premifes, that the N or ih- Americans muft, or
ought to enjoy all the Privileges of Englijhmen,
without contributing any Thing towards the ge-
neral Support, merely becaufe we carry on an
advantageous Trade with them, or have raifed
a Tax on their Commodities I Surely no : For
by the fame Rule, we muft unite and incorpo-
2??? .Y'Jl^^ ^? ?yft proteft and defend^ the Chi-
nefe^
THE LANDED INTEREST. 6i
^tefe^ the French^ the Spaniards^ Portuguefe^ Itali-
am, &c. &c. for the fame Reafons, and on the
fame Account. A Propofition this, which is too
big with Nonfenfe and Abfurdity, to be feri-
oufly maintained.
I will therefore difmifs the prefent Remark^
"with putting my Reader again in Mind, that
let the Trade to North- America be what it may,
of little Importance, or otherwife •, it is a mere
begging the Queftion, and a mofl: difingennoiis
Artifice to infinuate (as all the Advocates for
America now do) that this Trade will be lofl, if
a Separation from the Colonies fliould enfue.
On the contrary, it is much more probable, that,
when all Parties fhall be left at full Liberty to
do as they pleafe, our North- American Trade
will rather be encreafed, than diminifhed by
fuch a Meafure. Becaufe it is Freedom, and
not Confinement, or Monopoly, which encreafes
Trade. And fure I am that, on this Subject,
Hiftory and paft Experience, as well as Reafoa
and Argument, are clearly on my Side.
REMARK
62 ADDRESS and APPEAL t*
REMARK III.
THE Cafe of Emigrations from Germany
and Holland^ hath been in Part confidered
already: But as the continual Emigrations from
Great 'Britain and Ireland (which I will always
confider as one Country) have fo'mething more
particularly prejudicial in their Nature j if com-
pared with others, I hope the Reader will not
think it loft Time, if I give them in this Place
a diftindl Confideration.
A Set of Labourers, or Tradefmen refided
lately in Great-Britain^ or Ireland-, and earned
their Bread by the Sweat of their Brows. Their
natural, or artificial Wants might be fummed
up under the three great, and comprehenfive
Articles of Food, Rayment, and Dwelling. In
fefped to Food^ including drinkables, as well
as eatables, they paid for it by their Labour
and Wages •, and confequently were the Means
of employing all thofe different Trades both
in Town and Country, which were con-
cerned in, or conneded with, the raifing of
Corn, or the rearing of Sheep and Cattle, the
making of Bread, Butter, Cheefe, Malt, and
Malt-Liquors, Cyder, &c. &:c. alfo in the fat-
tening, killing, drelTing, or preparing of Flefh,
' " ~ " Fifh,
THE LANDED INTEREST. 63
Fifh, Fowl, &c. &:c. and in the raifing of all
Sorts of Garden-Stuff, and other Eatables :
The like might be obferved in regard to Ray-
ment^ traced from the Raw Material up to the
perfe6i: Manufacture, and including every Arti-
ticle of Drefs, and all the Trades dependent on,
and iupported by it, throughout all its Stao-es :
Dwelling is the laft Article -, in which Eftimate
ought to be included not only the original Ma-
terials for framing the Stru6lure of the Houfe,
but alfo its fuccelTive Repairs; together with all
Kinds of Houfehold Goods from the higheft to
the lowed Piece of Furniture, and their conti-
nual Wear and Tare.
These Perlbns, who have been thus ufeful to
their Country, and have contributed to its Trade
and Riches, both by paying their own Rents
and Taxes, and alfo by enabling others to pav
theirs-,— thefe Perfons I fay, have been in-
veigled away to leave this Country, and to fet-
tle in North- America. — Here therefore I afk
this plain Queftion, What Recompence can
they poffibly make in America, for the Lofs
which hath been occafioned by their leaving
England? And what Gains will accrue to the
Mother-Country by this flourifhing State of her
Colonies? Begin therefore wherever you pleafe;
--examine, I befeech you this Matter to the Bot-
tom, and mark the Confequences. Food for
gxample, confifting of its various Kinds, and
• including
% ADDRESS AND APPEAL to
including eatables as well as drinkables, com^
mpn. Food^ I fay, miift certainly be raifed and
inanufadured on the Spot ^ for a Man cannot
wait for his Dinner 'till it comes from England.
Similar Obfervations will likewife extend to the
chief Part of every Article refpeding Rayment
OX Cloathing ; — not forgetting alfo Houjing and
Furniture, For in all thefe Refpeds, the prin-
cipal Quantity, and the Bulk of the Goods, Ma-
nufadures, or Provifions muft be procured from
adjacent Places, and not from a Country 3000
Miles off. Perhaps indeed a few, a very few Ele-
gancies and Ornaments of Drefs or Furniture,
or of the Dainties of the Table may Hill be im-
ported from the Mother Country. But alas !
"What are they, if compared with the Whole ?
Perhaps they v/ould not amount to more than a
twentieth Part of the general Confumption.--
And moft certain it is, that if thefe Emigrants
Ihould not fettle near the Sea-Coafts of America^
but wander higher up the Country for Hun-
dreds, of Miles, m purfuit of frefh unpatented
Traclsof Land, (which moft New-comers are
defirous of doing,) it would then not be z forti-
eth Part of what they would have either ufed,
confumed, or worn, had they ftill remained In-
habitants of Great -Britain or Ireland: So little
Caufe hath the Mother-Country to rejoice at
this rapid Progrefs of the Population of her
polonies, arifingfrom, or caufed by. Emigrations.
But
THE LANDED INTEREST. 65
But here, I know, it will be faid, becaufe ic
liath very often been faid already, " That tho*
•" thefe Emigrants might not employ as many
^' Pcrfons. or mechanic Trades here at Home,
■*' as they did before they left England; yet they
*' will employ more Shipping and Navigation,.
"'' and confequenrly more Sailors than hereto-
" fore : And Sailors are the Defence, Sailors arc
" the Bulwark of the Nation," &c. &;c. Now
-in order to detect this Fallacy, as well as the reft,
I will here ftate a Cafe, which muft open Peo-
ple's Eyes, if any Thing can, refpediing even
the Articles of Seamen, Shipping, and Navi-
sation.
Suppose iooo Tradefmen with their Fami-
lies, Watch Makers for Inftance, fettled on one
Spot fomewhere in the Neighbourhood of Lon-
don, [I only mention fFaUh-Makers^ becaufe it
is computed, that about 1000 Families, or one
third of the City of Geneva are fuppofed to be
of that Profeflion.] Now the firft Thing which
•would attradl our Notice refpe6ting Navigation,
is to lay in a Provifion of Sea-Coals : And a
yearly Supply of this Commodity for 1000 Fa-
milies would employ a good deal of Shipping :
Fifh would be the next Article, Sea-Fifli efpe-
cially, whether frefh or Salt, in refped: to which
a good many Sailors one Time or other muft be,
or muft have been employed : After this, the
like Obferv3tion will extend to Cyder, and to
I other
66 ADDRESS and APPEAL to
Other Articles brought Coafl-wife ; alfo to
Wines, Brandies, Rum, Sugars, Fruits, Oils,
&c. &c. innported from Abroad : Likewife to
Timber of various Kinds for building or repair-
ing, alfo for making a Variety of Houfhold
Goods-, to Iron, Hemp, Linen Cloth, and other
Commodities, efpecially thofe of the bulky-
Kind : Now here I afk. Is it poffible to con-
ceive, that, were this Group of Manufa6lurers
to take Flight, like a Swarm of Bees, and fettle
jn fome of the Towns or Provinces cxi North-
America^ they either would, or could employ as
jmany EnglifJi Seamen in their new Situations^
as they do at prefent in their old ones ? And
can any Man be fo abfurd as to maintain fuch a ^
Paradox ? [Remember I limit the Matter to
Engli/Ji Seamen only ; for as to Americans^ let
their Number be what it may, Great-Britain
never was advantaged by them. Not to men-
tion, that feveral of the American Provinces
have difputed, or rather denied, long before the
prefent Diiturbances began, the Right of prefT-
ing Sailors for the Navy -, though it is well
known, that this is the only Method whereby a
Navy can be manned ; and though that emi-
nent Whig, that upright, learned, and truly-
patriotic Lawyer [Judge Foster] hath demon-
ilratively proved in his Law-Tra6i:s this Right
to be as legally and conditutionally vedcd in
the Crown, as any Right whatever.]
I
THE LANDED INTEREST. 67
I will therefore take this Point rclatinfr to
Sailors for granted i fat leafl 'till the contrary
fliall be proved,] and then it will follow, that
Britijh or Ir'iJJi Emigrations are to be confidered
as being very unfavourable to the Encreafe of
Englijh Sailors, as well as of Englijli Manufac-
turers-, and that the Lofs and Detriment to the
Mother- Country are very great in both Refpeds.
But here a Difficulty of another Kind, and
from a different Qiiarter, will probably arife.
It is this : — Granting that Emigrations are bad
Things in all Rerpe61:s •, — granting that they tend
to diminilh the Number of your Sailors, as well
as of your Manufacturers ? yet how can you pre-
vent this Evil ? And what Remedy do you pro-
pofe for curing the People of that Madnefs
which has feized them for Emigrations ? — I an-
fwer .—Even the Remedy which hath been fo
often, and all along propofed, A total Separa-
tion from North- America. For moft certain it is,
that as foon as fuch a Separation fliall take
Place, a Refidence in the Colonies will be no
longer a defirable Situation. Nay, it is much
more probable, that many of thole v/ho are al-
ready fettled there, will wilh to Ry away, than
that others fhould covet to go to them. And
indeed we begin to find this Obfervation not a
little verified at prefent, a confiderable Re-emi-
gration (if I may ufe the Term) having already
taken Place, In fhort, when the Englijli Go- ]
I 2 vcrnmenc
68 ADDRESS and APPEAL to
vernment, which was the only Center of Union^,
and the only Bond of Peace, fhall be removed,
Fadlion will rife up againll Fa6lion, Congrefs
againfl Congrefs, and Colony againfl Colony •,
and then the Southern Provinces will find to
their Coll, that they have been egregioufly
duped and bubbled by the Northern •, then they
will perceive, that they have no other Alterna-
tive, but either to fubmit to the tyrannical
Ufurpations of thofe canting^ hypocritical Repub-
licans'^ whom they ufed both to hate and defpife;;
or elfe to implore that Help, Defence, and
Protedlion of the Parent State, which they now
fo wantonly and ungratefully rejedl and op-
pofe : — In either of thefe Situations, and under
fuch Circumilances, there is no Reafon to fear,
that many of our People will, flock to North-
America,
rr
I
REMARK
TH£ LANDED INTEREST. 69
REMARK IV.
PREJUDICES and PrepoflefTions are flub-
born Things in all Cafes •, but in none
more peculiarly obftinate, than in relinquilliing
detached Parts of an unwieldy, extended Em-
pire-, there not being, I believe, a fingle In-
ftance in all Hiftory, of any Nation furrender-
ing a diftant Province voluntarily, and of free
Choice, notwithflianding it was greatly their In-
tereft to have done it. The Englipi in particular
have oriven remarkableProofs of their Unwilling-
nefs in this Refped. For tho' it was undeniably
their Intereft to have abandoned all the Pro-
vinces which they held in France^ yet they never
gave up one of them, 'till they were compelled
to it by Force of Arms. iV<?w indeed, and at
this Diftance of Time, we fee clearly, that our
Fore- Fathers were wretched Politicians in en-
deavouring to retain any one of the French Pro-
vinces, whichy if it was a little one, would be a
continual Drain, and perhaps an encreafing Ex-
pence ; and if it was a great one, might grow
up to be a Rival, and become the Seat of Em-
pire. I fay, we can fee thefe Things clearly-
enough at prefent : Yet alas ! what Advantages
do we derive from this Difcovery '^. And whan
Application
7© ADDRESS AND APPEAL t©
Application do we make of fuch hiftorical Me-
mentos to the Bufinefs of the prefent Day ? The
remoteft of our Provinces in France were hardly
300 Miles diftant from our own Coafts \ the
nearcft of thofe in America are about 3000. The
Provinces in France were already fully peopled,
and peopled for the moft Part by Inhabitants
extremely well affedled at that Time to the
Englifli Government: Whereas -the Deferts of
America require Rrft to be peopled by Draughts
cither from ourfelves, or from our European
Cuftomers ; and then when thefe Emigrants
have been fettled for a Generation or two, they
become native Americans^ who naturally forget
the Supremacy of that Country, with whoiC
Government they have fo little Connexions,
from whofe Seat of Empire they are fo far dif-
tant, whofe ruling Power they fo feldom feel
(and therefore do not regard), and confequently
whofe Claims they confider as fo many auda-
cious Attempts to rob them of their beloved
Independence.
But the Abfurdity of our prefent Condud
in not abandoning^ the rebellions Provinces of
1^ or th- America^ becom.es flill more glaring,
when we confider farther, (what we now find
by Experience to be true) that we can live
and flourifh, even in our commercial Capa-
city, without the AfTiilance of thefe refrac^
tory Colonies. For though it doth by no
Means
THE LANDED INTEREST. 71
iVleans follow, that we flioiild be deflitute of
their Trade, if each America)! Province was
creeled into a feparate and independent State ;
nay, tho' the contrary hath been made to ap-
pear by fuch a Chain of Evidences, as no Man
Jiitherto hath attempted to break or weaken,
yet, granting the word, granting even that thefe
North- Americans traded with ns as little after a
Separation as th«y do at prefent, dill it is
polTible that we may then live, becaufe it is cer-
tain we do now live without them -, and do not
only live, but alfo enjoy as many of the Com-
forts and Elegancies, not to mention the Profu-
fions and Luxuries of Life, as any Nation ever
did, and more than we ourfelves did heretofore.
Therefore (to be more particular on this
Head, for furely it is a moil important one) we
w^re gravely told, that as foon as ever the Ame-
ricans ^o\.Wd fhut their Ports againfl us, Famine
to our Manufadurers, Bankruptcy to our Mer-
chants, Deftrudion and Defolation to our Sea-
port Towns muft inevitably enfue. Well, the
Americans have now fhut their Ports for a confi-
derable Time againft the Admiflion of Engli/Ji
Manufadures. And what has enfued ? No-
thing, that I know of, fo very difmal, or fo very
tragical ; and none of thofe black and bitter Days,
with which we are threatened, have yet ap-
peared. Nay, according to the Accounts re-
ceived from the principal manufadturing Places
and
72 ADDRESS and APPEAL t«
and Diflricts throughout the Kingdom, it unl-
formerly appears that Trade was never brifl^cer in
iTiOft Articles ♦, and that it is not remarkably
^dead in any : — Moreover it is iikewife certain,
from the fame Accounts, that a much greater
Stagnation hath been frequently felt, even at
Times when every Port in America was open to
us, than is felt at prefent.
However, if thefe Partizans of America
Ihould cavil at thefe Accounts, and difpute
their Authority, we have others yet to produce,
^hich furely mud carry Conviction (almofl in
Spite of Prejudice) as foon as they are perufed \
[unlefs indeed it can be imagined, that the pre-
fent v/icked Miniftrv have entered into a Plot
to charge themfelves Debtors to the Public for
almofl Two Hundred and Fifty-Five Thou-
sand Po u N D s S T E R L I N G ;;2^r^ than th ey received^
merely to plague and confound the poor Patriots.]
The Account 1 am now going to lay before
the Reader, is the grofs Produce of the Excife for
the Year 1775, ending at the 5th of July lafl,
compared with the like grofs Produce of the pre-
ceding Year 1774, ending at the like Period.
Grofs Produce of the Year 1775, 5'479»^95 7 ^^
Gfrcfs Produce of the Year 1774, 5,224,899 7 10^
.Increafed Produce of the Year 1775, 254,795 19 JiJ-
Now-
THE LANDED INTEREST. 73
Now It appears by the Particulars of the Ac-
count, that what chiefly cauled this great In-
creafe, was the greater Quantity made, con-
fumed, or ufed of Low ¥/ines and Spirits, —
of the LW(?« Brewery,— of Malt, Hops, Cyder,
and Coaches, in the Year 1775, ending at the
5th of 7«/y, than in the preceding Year. For
as to feveral other Articles, there was a re-
markable Deficiency, efpecially in the Excife on
Tea, and on Liquors imported into the * Out-
Ports •, both which Branches, if put together,
amount to no lefs than 79,380/. 13J. gld. —
And yet, notwithftanding this great Lofs in two
fuch capital Articles, the Produce of the others
before mentioned fo much exceeded their ufual
Income, that the whole Balance of the Year was,
as I faid before, 254,795/. 19^. 11^^. Now as
our common People, our Artificers, and mecha-
nic Tradefmen, our Journeymen, Day-La-
bourers, &:c. &c. are the principal Confumers
of, or Cuftomers for, thefe Articles (Coaches
excepted) we may, and ought to pronounce,
that thefe numerous Bodies of Men were not
* I am told, that this Deficiency of the Excife this Year,
on Liquors imported into the Out-Ports, is owini^- to a new
Species of Smugj^ling lately put in Pradice, whereby the
Revenue is grofsly defrautleJ. If fo, the Balance would
Iiave been ftiil greater, had all the Duties on Rum, and
other Liquors imported into the Out-Porte, been juiUy and
fairly paid ; or at Icall paid as fairly and juilly as ufual.
K in
74 ADDRESS and APPEAL to
in that ilarving Condition, (which it was fore-
told they Ihouid be) when they could fo much
exceed their ufual (and for the mod Part unne-
cejfary) Gratifications in Spirituous Liquors,
and Porter, Ale, ilrong Beer, and Cyder, as to
raife fuch a Surplus of Revenue. And in re-,
fpedt to the Increafe in the Coach-Tax (which
was nearly 2000/. J furely this is a plain Proof
likewife, that our Merchants, principal Traders,,
and Manufadturers (who were all to be infallibly
ruined) are not in that melanchoUy Situation^ as
hath been foreboded of them by the American
falfe Prophets;— I fay, the Proof is plain, fee-^
ing that fo many new Carriages have been fee
up, inftead of the former being put down. And
I think, I may take for granted, that it is the
Trading, and not the Landed-Interell, whicb
fets up moft new Carriages.
Upon the Whole therefore, and in whatever
Light things are confidered, it evidently appears
that we can have but little, or nothing to lofe v
but mud have a great deal to get, or (which is
the fame thing) much to fave, and many Dan-
gers to eicape by a total Separation from the re-
bellious Provinces of North- America, The
Hiftory of all Nations, and of all Ages, — our
own Experience refpecSling France^-— xh^ melan^
choUy Situation at this Day of the once popu- .
lous and flouriihing Kingdom of ^;pain^ — the
prefent Demands of our Manufadures for Ex-
portatlon,.
THE LANDED INTEREST. 75
'portation,--thc State of Parties among us, and
the Growth of republican Principles, all, all
confpire to prove, that we ought to get rid of
fuch an onerous, dangerous, and expenfivc Con-
nedlion as foon as poflible. In one Word, the
longer the prefent Syflem is perfevered in, the
worfe Thitigs will neceflarily grow, and the
riper for Deftrudlion ; it being morally impof-
fible that they fhould mend ; for the Fire, if
even fmothered for the prefent, will break out
again with frefh Violence ; and the found Parts
of our Conftitution will be in great Danger of
being tainted by the Qd^ngxcntoi American Re-
:publicifm.
POSTSCRIPT.
76 .ADDRESS and APPEAL to
POSTSCRIPT.
N a Note at the Bottom of Page. 52, (2d.
Edition) of my Letter to Mr. Burke, I ex-
prefTed myfelf in the following Manner : " The
*' Inilances which Mr. Burke has brought,
[at Pages 74 and 75 of his Speech, 2d. Edit. 8 vo.]
*' to prove that the Colonies, or rather that a
*' few out of the many Colonies, have .been
" liberal in their Grants to Great Britain^ dur-
" ing the Continuance of a privateering, fniug-
'' gling, trucking, and huckftering American
*' Sea- War, in which they were fure to be
*' the greateil Gainers, fhall be particularly
*' confidered in an enfuing Treatife, An Addrefs
*' to the Landed Lntereil of Great-Britain and
*' Ir eland. ^^
The Minutes v/hich I took at that Time re-
lative to this Affair, and which I intended to
have inferted in the Body of this Treatife, were
the following, that the leading Men in the Go-
vernment of the Province of Maffachufets^ had,
fome Time before their famous Expedition a-
gainft Ca'pe Breton^ been guilty of certain Mal-
Pradices in the Adminiftration of public Af-
fairs, for which they were in Danger of being
called
THE LANDED INTEREST. 77
called to an Account. Ih^t in order to divert
the Storm, and to throw a Barrel to the Whale,
they proje(5led the Plan of an Expedition, know-
ing the Temper of the EngliJJi^ and their Rage
for Conquefts. Therefore, hearing that the
Fortifications of Cape Breton were very ruinous,
and the Garrifon both weak and mutinous for
Want of Pay, Cloathing, and Provifions, they
bent their Forces againft this Place. The
Scheme lucceeded, and Cape Breton was yielded
up -, but the Joy ot the Engli/h Nation knew no
Bounds : For the People, from the highefl to
the lowed, were fo intoxicated with Notions of
the Importance of this Port, [tho' now it is evi-
dent, that it is a very ufelefs one, if compared
with others] that they forgot everv other
Idea in the general Tranfport; fo that the
Planners and Condu61:ors of the Expedition,
indead of their beino; called to an Account for
their former Mifdemeanors, found themfelves
careffed and applauded by the whole Nation;
and to crown all, the Parliament itfcif voted a
prodigious Sum of Money to reimburfe the
New- Englanders' ior their Expences and 'their
Services in this glorious Work.
This, I fay, or to this Effed, was the Ac-
count which 1 received ; and which I believe
in my own iMind, will be found to be for the
moft Part very true, when it can br very tho-
roughly examined into. But as I have been hur-
ried.
yg- ADDRESS AND APPEAL Te
ried, by the early Meeting of Parliament, t®
publifh the prefent Treatife at lead three
Months fooner than intended, I cannot at pre-
fent authenticate Fadls and Dates in the Manner
I wifh to do, in an Affair of fuch Importance.
Therefore I give this public Notice, that I build
nothing on the prefent Narration ♦, and I only
offer it (becaufe not corroborated by fufficient
Evidence) as a probable Cafe, and as my own
Opinion.
Indeed I have a particular Reafon for ailing
in this cautious Manner ; feeing that I have
fuffered already by making a Slip in an Affair of
this Nature, which in any other Caufe or Corf-
troverfy, would have been reckoned to be a very
n^enial one. The Cafe was this : In the Firft
Edition of my Fourth Trad, I had accufed Dr.
Franklin with having adled a very difingenu-
ous Part, in oppofing and denying the Authori-
ty of the Briti/Ji Parliament, to lay a Tax [the
Stamp Duty] on America^ when he himfelf had
folicited to be employed as an Agent in th€
Colledtion of that very Tax. In Letters which
paffed between us, he denied the Charge, af-
ferting firft, that he did not make Intereft for
a Place in the Stamp-OiHce, 'till the Bill was
paffed into a Law ; — And 2dly. that the Place,
for which he aiked, was not for himfelf, but for
a Friend, one Mr. Hughes, w+io was accord-
ingly appointed by Mr. Grenville. Now in
Con-
THE LANDED INTEREST. 79
Confequcnce of this Information, I omitted in
the next Edition, the whole Paragraph, and
faid nothing, either pro^ or con^ particularly-
relative to Dr. Franklin. And furely, every
Thing confidered, and the faux pas of Dr.
Franklin concerning the Jlokn Papers of Mr.
Wheatley duly weighed, one would have
thought, that I had made Satisfa6lion fully fuf-
ficient to almofh any Man in fuch a Cafe, whole
Pretenfions to nice Honour mio;ht have been,
much better founded than thofe of Dr. Frank-
lin. But it feems, I was miflaken: For before
he left England^ I was called on in Print, to
make Reparation to his much injured Charac-
ter : And in his Ablence, his Agents and Con-
federates, the Monthly Reviewers, have done the
fame.
Here therefore, I appeal to the Public, whe-
ther I have not advanced as far already in this
Affair, as there was need for me to have done,
fuppofing even (which is fuppofing a great
deal) that every Thing which Dr. Franklin
faid was ftridlly true : For granting that he did
not folicit for that Place in particular, yet it is a
mofl undeniable Fadl, that at the very Inflanc
when hewas declaiming at the Bar of the Houfe of
Commons, agamft the Authority of Parliament,
he himfclf was an American Revenue Officer,
in a very lucrative Poft, created by parliamentary
Authority : He v/as a Poft-Maftcr General in
North'
8a ADDRESS and APPEAL to
North- America •, and the Tax, which he colle6l-
ed, and for which he was accountable, was an
internal^ as well as external Tax. So that in
fhort, in every, or in any Light, his Condu6t
was not of the fpotlefs Kind j nor was my Ac-
cufation of Difingenuity againft him the lefs
true, whether he had folicited a Place in the
Stamp-Office, or not.
While 1 am writing this, — a Paragraph, cut
out of a News-Paper, and dated from Salijbury,
OBoher 1 5, is laid before me, which 1 am pofi-
tively told, is reckoned to be unanswerable.-
Now I have known fo many of thefe Un an-
swer ables to llirink to nothing, when examined
with any due Care and Attention, that I own I
am not much frightened at the Appearance of
this new American Goliah. However, let us
approach this formidable Champion a little
nearer.
" The Americans^ fays the News- Writer, in
•' their Addrefies to the Public, urge as a Reafon
" againft Parliamentary Taxation, the great Dif-
*' advantages they incur by fubmitting tofuch nu-
" merous Reftridions inTrade,which they deem a
" Burden equal to, if not greater than Taxation :
*' And they alfo eftimate, that that Mode of con-
*' tributing to the Support of the Englijk Na-
**• tion, is, upon the whole, more beneficial than
'' if they were to pay their Share by being e-
<* qually taxed with the Subjeds of the Mother
'-^ Country;
tHE f^ANDED INTEREST. 8i
^' Country : But to be obliged to fubmit to
" thofe numerous Reftralnts in Trade, and at
*' the flime Time to be lubjedt ro a parliamen-
" tary Taxation, they think is tlve higheft De-
*' gree of Oppreilion. ^
" The Irijh fubmit to parliamentary Re-
*' flraints in Trade \ but then, in return, they
" are exempted from Taxation. Why then
** fhould the Americans be burdened with both>
*' in fmiilar Circumftances ?'*
Here the whole Matter of Complaint is re-
duced to two Heads -, Firft, That the Ameri^
\ans by being retrained in their Trade, ar^
thereby in Effed: taxed, and therefore ought
not be taxed a fecond Time :
And 2dly, That this Hardfliip feems to be
the more opprefTive, becaufe the IriJJi under fi-
milar Circumllances, are exempted from Taxa-
tion.
With refpeft to the firfl Head, it is a mere
Begging of the ^ejlion. For I have proved be-
yond Contradidion, that the Americans arc not,
in Fa^ and Reality^ retrained either in their
Exports or Imports, except in a very few Ar-
ticles •, and that they now enjoy the very bed
Market which Europe can afford, lee my 4th
Tra6l, Page 202— -209. I have proved alfo,
that Great-Britain hath retrained herfelf in Fa-
vour of America in Articles of at lead as great
Value and Importance, as thofe in whicli flie
L - ihatli
?2 • ADDRESS AND APPEAL to
feath reilrained America in Favour of GreaT-^
Britain. See more particularly my 3d Tra6l,^
Page 1 1 9,--- 121. Surely therefore thefe Things
ought to have been taken into Confideration.,
and not to have been pailed over, as if they had
never been mentioned : And it is exceedingly
unfair and difingenuous to remember every
Thing which makes on one Sid€ of aQueflion,
and to forget the refb.
2dly, With refped to the other .Head of
Complaint, viz. That IrelarJ is exempted from
Taxation, while fuch extraordinary Eiforts arc
made for taxing America^ I hope what follows
will be as full an Anfwer to this Complaint, as
what has been already given was- to the former.
First therefore, I obfcrve, that' with Refped:
to the Claim of the legiflative Authority, which
the Parent State makes over Ireland as well as
America^ both Coumries are exadly on^theJamc
Footing: ^ee the 7th and 8th of Wm. HI,
C. 22, § 9.: — And alio Lord Rockingham's
A(5l itfelf, refpec^ing the Claims of the Mother-
Country over America: — See likewife the De-
claratory Aid of 6. Geo. 1. C, '5, refpeding
Ireland,
2dly. The Mother-Country hath not bnly
afierted, but maintained her Claims alike over
both Countries, in the Aflair of laying a ge-
neral Foil-Tax on all Parts of the Britifli Ena-
pi^e-, lb that in this Refpedl likewife both
Coiintries are on a Par. But
THE LANDED INTERTLST. &j
But here I allow follows a wide Difference,
which I will endeavour to account for, viz. Tl>c
Eritijli Parliament never attempted to lay any
internal Tax, except the Pod Tax, on Ireland y
whereas it is well known, that the Britijh Parlia-
ment did attempt to lay an internal Tax on
America.
Now to account for this fecming Partiality^
I have the following Points to offer •, and 1
inL^eat my Readers to attend particularly to
them.
I. Ireland never plunged us into any Wars
fince the Revolution ; whereas America hath in-
volved us in two, the mofl bloody and expen-
five that ever this Nation experienced i the lad
of which brought on a Debt of 70,000,000!.
. Sterling, the Intereft of which we are now par-
ing.
2. Irelan-d dotli not drain us of any Sums of
Money to fupport and maintain its civil and mi-
litary Bflablifliments •, whereas America drains
us for thofe Purpolc^s of upwards 300,0001. an-
nually. . ^
3. Ireland drains us of no Money, by Way
oi Bounty ow i\\Q Importauon of her Goods, or
natural Produce into this Kingdom \ whereas
jipierica he^th drained us of at lead 1,000,000].
Sterling for Bounties on Pitch and Tar, on
Lumber, Indigo, &c. &:c. within a few Years.
L 2 4.
S4 ADDRESS and APPEAL t»
4. Ireland is continually burthened with
large Penfions, fome to Princes of the Blood,
fome to other Perfons, and fome to flaming
Patriots : For even Patriots will accept of Pen-
fions if they can get them, and then exclaim
mod bitterly p Liberty, O my Country I
Whereas Ammca is totally free from this Species
of Taxation, as far as 1 am able to trace the
Matter.
Many other Articles might have been enu-
merated, particularly the Reilraint formerly laid
upon the Iriffi filhing on the Banks of New-
feufidland^ and taken off only the lad SefTion.
But furely thefe are full enough ; becaufe thefe,
I hope, will fufficiently fl:iew, that there ought
to be a wide Difference put on, every Principle
of Equity and Juflice, between the Cafe of Ire-^
land and that of America •, and that the two
Countries are by no Means in fmiikr Circunv
ilances.
What is now to follow, is added at the Re-
qucff of a foreign Nobleman, whofe good Senfe
and Penetration led him to difcern, that a Crifis
was certainly approaching, in which the Fate of
this Country will be determined -, and theiefore
v/iilied to know, what was the Strength of each
Party, and the Amount of the Forces on eithei»^
Side.
A'
THE LANDED INTEREST. t%
^i^s^§e^pis^it.s^s^^3^5s^
General Mufler of the Forces
BOTH FOR AND AGAINST
The Prefent Government.
J*ARTiEs fcr 01; er turning the prefent Co7tJiituti(ffii,
and for felting up fomething in it4 Steady fot
which we have not yet a iSame.
jfl.'TpHE Idle and DifTolute among the con^*
X i"J"ion People are for throwing the pre**
fent Syftem into Anarchy and Confufion. Thejr
have ardently wifhed thefe many Years, for fome
Kind of levelling Scheme whereby they might
enrich themlelves at the Coft of their Maflers^
and rob and plunder with Impunity. If Mr.
Wilkes, or any other modern Patriot can lead
them into this Path of Glory, they will joyfully
follow fuch a Leader, and become his devoted.
Fellow-Labourers, in the fanie good Work>
but if not, they will forfake him with as little
Ceremony as t! ey have done fome others, ai-wl
look out for a new Leader.
2dly..
86 ADDRESS and APPEx^L to
2dly. That Species among tht JVhigs which
is properly Republican^ is violently for a Change
of Government, fuitable to fuch Principles; and
thefe Men are now beco'me of fome Confe-
quence, not fo much on the Score of their
Numbers, as on Account of their enthufiaftic
Zeal, and of their breaking through everyTyeof
Honour, Honefty, and Confcience, for accom-
plifhing fuch Defigns. Moreover, as they put
on every Difguife •, as they forge, lye, falfify ;
as they ufe the Word Liberty merely as a Blind
to conceal the Batteries they are eredling againft
it \ and as they pretend to fupport and uphold
the Conftitution, at the very Inftant they arc
planning a Scheme to deftroy it ^ their Defigns
are fo much the more dangerous by appearing
to fight under the fame Banner with ourfelves ;
and the Wounds they give, are the more diffi-
cult of Cure, becaufe they flab and aifaffinate
under the Mafk of Friendfliip, and therefore
take their Aim the better, and ilr'ke the deeper.
In the former Plots and Confpiracies of the Ja^
r^^//^j, their Aim and Intent were to dethrone the
reigning Family, and to replace another : The
prefent Views of the Republicans, which they
are inceflantly purfuing by various Means, and
almofl contradidlory Meafures, arc, to have no
throne at all. Hence, by a Comparifon of the
two Crimes, the Reader muft judge, which is
the greatefl, and the n^oft repugnant to the
En^liJIi Conftitution.
THE LANDED INTEREST. g;
^dly. The Advocates for making North*
America independent of the Britifli Parliament
mufl:, if confillent with themfelvcs, be for turn-
ing ihtBriti/h Conflitution into fomething very
different from what it is at prefcnt, or ever was ;
for the very Plea thefe Men life in regard to
North- America is, that Reprefentation and Le-
giflation (a very fmall Part of v/hich is the
Power of raifing Taxes) muft always go toge-
ther •, therefore as nineteen Parts in twenty of
the People oi England ^ and upwards of ninety-
nine Parts in an Hundred of the People of Scot-
land^ are not qualified to be Voters^ nor ever
were, be their Property ever fo great^ that is
(according to this new-fafhioned Doclrine) are
not reprefented in Parliament •, it mull inevita-
bly follow, that a vaft Majority of the Inhabi-
tants of Great-Britain^ as well as Briti/h Ame-
ricay have a right to renounce their Allegiance
to the prefent Government as fjon as they pleafe,
and to fet up for Independence. For in Fad,
according to the dangerous Principles now o-
penly avowed, all this Multitude of Non-Elec-
tors owe noSubjedion to that LegiHature, and
to thole Powers, in the Choice or Continuance
of which' they were not confulted. They ought
not to be compelled lo obey any Laws, which
were made without their Conient, or Privity \
and more efpecially where they have no Repre-
fentation^ they ought not to be fubjed to any
Taxation,
la, ADDRESS Ai^D APPEAL to
Taxation. —So that being thus happily iet frc^
ftei^ry'all Coercion of Government, all Reftraints
^ Law, and Burden of Taxes ; and having
learnt at lad to afiert thofe inherent and unah-
^fl.aible Rights, which have been fo long ufurped,
t^^y are now reftored to a State of the mod per-
^\ Freedom, and may either chufe another
F^cn of Government, according to their own
f^ncy •, or elfe live, as they can, without any
Ctevernment at all. A blelTed Specimen this
^fatriotic Liberty ! A mod comprehenfive Bill
^Rights ! fure of overturning, if carried into
S^cution, every Government, that either ever
^as, or ever can be, propoled to the World.
4thly. The honourable Society of the Outi
^JU go as great Lengths to throw Things into
C^nfufion as any Set of Men whatever -, for as
th^fe Perfons have no other End in View than to
mx into Power, and tofhare the Emoluments of
th^ Statq among themfelves and their Depeh-
Merits, they will flick at no Meafure, however
^njuft and unconflitutional, to compafs this End :
Kay^ they will unfay the Things which diey
ihemfelves had faid in Adminillration ; they
wU blame thofe very Meafurcs which they
ih^mfelves had planned and recommended •, and,^
l(\ fliort, they will do any Thing, and every
Thtagi to raife the evil Spirit of Difcord and
PIftntion, to bring themfelves in.
THE LANDED INTEREST. 89
Lajlly. The Inconftanc and Disappointed,
thofe who love to fifh in troubled Waters, and
thole who, having fpent their Fortunes, have
nothing to lofe, but may have a Chance tofharc
in the Property of other Men by a general
Scramble •, alfo the Defperate and Daring of
every Denomination ^ all thefe wifh for iomc
fpeedy Change in the Conftitution,
Parties for preferving the prefent Conjlitutioriy
and for keeping every Thing in a quiel and
peaceable Condition,
I ft. THE greatell Part of the Nobility and
Gentry of the Kingdom-, that is, almoft all
thofe who have the greateft Property at Stake^,
and have the moft to lofe.
2dly. A vail Majority of the richeft Mer-
chants, and principal Traders and Manufactur-
ers throughout the Kingdom, are the warm
Friends of Government : The Exceptions on
this Head are few, and very inconfiderable.
3dly. The Clergy of the eftabliflied Church
are zcaloufly attached to the prefent happy Con-
ftitution, wifhing to preferve, and to promote
Peace on Earth, and Good-Will among Men :
And in refpe^t to the diflenting Clergy, the
moft eminent and refpedable (tho' it is to be
feared, not the moft numerous) ad in the fame
M .laudable
9© ADDRESS AND APPEAL.
laudable Manner, and endeavour to make their
People truly lenfible of the many Bleffings they
enjoy under the Reign of his prefent Majefly.
4thly. The Proprietors and Stock-Holder.9
in the public Funds will undoubtedly range on
the Side of Government •, becaufe they can get
nothing, but mufl neceffarily lofe by the Con-
vulfions of the State, and by the Overthrow of
that Conflitution, the Prcfervation of which is
their grcatefl Security.
5thly. The whole Body of the learned Pro-
feffion in the Law (Men who have acquired their
Knowledge of the Conflitution from Authors of
a Cafl very different from bawling, difappointed
Patriots, or hungry Pamphleteers;— thefe Men,
I fay) in general agree, that each Member of the
Houfe of Commons, tho' eledled by one parti-
cular County, City, or Borough, doth not repre-
fent that particular County, City, or Borough,
in any exclufive Senfe; for he reprefents the whole
Comimons of the Realm, one Part, and one In-
dividual as well as another. A Member chofen
hy the County of Middkfex is not chofen for
Middlefex exclufively, but for all the Subjeds of
the Britifli Empire *, each of whom hath as con-
flitutional a Right to his Services, and may be
as much affeded by his particular Condud, and
therefore has as much Right to injlru5l him, as
.any Freeholder in the County of Midakfex :
And
THE LANDED INTEREST. 91
And he, on his Part, is bound by his Oflicc to
omit xhcfmaller Inicrefl. of the County o^ Middle-
fex^ or of the Aliddleffx ElecJors^ \vht:n (landing in
Com petition with the^rt'i^/^rlnierclls of his Fellow
Subjeds in America^ or other l-'laces : — So th.it in
fliort, tho' fome few only, perhaps not a fortieth
Part, of the Inhabitants of the whole Ifland, have
legal Votes for Reprefentatives, all in general,
both within the IHand, and without it, are
virtually reprefented. That this is Fadl and
Law, that this ever was the Con(T:itution of the
BritiJJi Empire, from the earlieft Times down to
the prefent Day, is fuch an apparent Truth,
that it cannot be denied. Therefore in this
Senfe it is true, and in 710 other ^ that every Mem-
ber of the comxmonWealth isTuppofed to give his
previous Conlent to the making of thofe Laws,
which he is afterwards bound to obey, and to
the impofing of thofe Taxes which he is obliged
to pay. Indeed upon this Footing (viz. of vir-
tual Reprefentation in fome Cafes, and of aclual
Election in others) a free and well-poifed Go-
vernmicnt can (land, and be fupported ; but ic
can be fupported on no other : — Nay, the Go-
vernment of the Majjachufets-Bay itfelf, when-
ever this Colony fhall become independent of
the Mother-Country, mud then, as well as now,
be fupported on this very Principle j that is to
fay, on the very Principle againlt which they
M2 iQ
f2 ADDRESS AND APPEAL
fo loudly clamour. And befides all this, the
very fame Reafons, which induce the non-re-
prefented Subjeds in England to fubmit quietly
and peaceably to the Payment of thofe Taxes,
to which they have not given their Confent by
adlual Reprefentation, ought to induce the A^-
nV/3;/j to acquiefce alfo > becaufe, if the American
Trade is fo valuable, as reported, a Britijh Par-
liament cannot injure this Trade by any Mode
of Taxation, without injuring the Merchants,
the Manufacturers, and the Traders in general '
of Great-Britain ; and thereby finking the Pro-
fits of their own Eflates, and the Rents of their
own Lands and Houfes.
6thly. The whole legiflative Power of the
Kingdom will certainly /Support their own Au-
thority, and not commit Felo de fe to pleafe
their Enemies. They will not, they never can
admit the Parliaments of North- America to be
independent of them, or co-ordinate with them-
felves in the fame State or Empire.
7thly. The whole executive Power of the
Kingdom is at prefent in the Hands of his Ma-
jefty, and of thofe who a6l in his Name, and by
his Authority. There the Conftitution has
placed it, and in no other Hands ; nor is there
the leaft Probability that mobbing, huzzaing,
furious Speeches, and inflammatory Libels,
Without Arms, Artillery, or Ammunition, and
•withoutf
THE LANDED INTEREST. qj
without a Treafury, will be able to vrreft the
executive Power out of the Hands of thofe who
conflitutionally enjoy it.
And now upon this General Review and
Mufter of the Forces on the Malcontent, as well
as the Government Side, let every one confider
well within himfelf, what he ought to do at the
prefent Crifis, as a conftitutional Patriot, an ho-
neft Engli/hmatiy a loyal Subjed, and a prudent
Man.
THE E N 0.
Lately puhlijfied by the fame Author j
TRACTS Political and Commercial.
I, A Solution of the important ^teftion^ whether a poor \
•^^ Country^ where raw Materials and Proviftons are j
cheapo and Wages low^ can fupplant the Trade of a rich ^
manufaSiuring Country^ where raw Materials and Pro" -• •
vijions are dear, and the Price of Labour high.
2. The Cafe of going to War for the Sah ofTr^de con^
Jidered in a new Light,
3. y/ Letter from a Merchgnt in London to his Ne-
phew in America, concerning the late and prefent Dijiur-
kances in the Colonies.
4. The true Interejl of Grt2it-^ni2imfet forth in regard
f/) the Colonies ; and the only Means of living in Peace and
Harmony with them.
5. The refpe^ive Pleas and Arguments of the Mother
Country and of the Colonies difiin5ily fet forth ; and the Im-
pojjibility of a Compromife of Differences^ or a ?nutual
Conceffion of Rights plainly demonjirated-, with a prefatory
Mpijile to the Plenipotentiaries of the Congrefs,
Printed for Ri VI NCTON, Cadell, and Walter.
6. A Letter to Edmund Burke, Efq-j in Anfwer to
his printed Speech <j/^ March 22, 1775. ■ Printed for-
CadelLo
TRACTS Polemical and Theological. •
\, An Apology for tb^ Church 9f'Er\<^2.ndj as by Law
tfablijhed^ occafioned by a Petition to Parliajuent for abo'
iijhing Subfcriptions.
2. Two Letters to the Rev. Dr, Kippis : Letter ift.
Concerning the Extent of the Claim of the Church of Eng-
i
land to regulate the external Befxivioiir of her own Mem-
bers ; and alfo to influence their internal Judgments in
Controverfies of Faith : Lettered. Wherein the ^iejlion
is difcujpd^ whether the Englifh Reformers in the Reign
^Edward VI. intended to cj}ahlijh theDo^rines of Pre-
de/iination^ Redemption, Grace, "Jujiification, and Per-
feverance, in the Calvinijlical Senfe^ as the Docirines of
the Church ^Z' Engl and.
3. Religious Intolerance no Part of the General Plan
either of the Mofaic or Chrijlian Difpenfation.
4. A brief and difpaJftonateVieiv of the Difficulties r/-
fpeSiively attending the Trinitarian^ Arian, and Socinian
Syflems.
To be publifhed in the Courfe of the enfuing Winter,
A Volume offeleSl Sermons on inter c fling and important
Subje^s,
All by the fame Author,
mLJtM
IM
m^
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