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OF THIS VOLUME
THREE HUNDRED AND SIXTY COPIES
HAVE BEEN PRINTED ON ENGLISH HAND-MADE PAPER
AND FORTY-TW^O ON JAPANESE VELLUM
IN ADDITION
TW^ENTY-FIVE COPIES OF PARTS I, II, AND III
HAVE BEEN PRINTED FOR PRESENTATION
TO FOREIGN LIBRARIES
THE
ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN
ISLAND
VOLUME TWO
APPENDIX
(CARTOGRAPHY, ETC)
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TH E
CONOGRAPHY
O F
MANHATTAN
SLAND
• 1498 # 1909 .
•COMPILED -FPvOM- ORIGINAL- SOVFX.CES ■
■AND-ILLVSTRATED-BY-PHOTO-INTAGLIO
• I^PRODVCTIONS- OF- IMPORTANT •
• MAPS -PLANS-VIEWS -AN D-D OCVMENTS •
-IN-PVBLIC-AND-PPvIVATE-COLLECTIONS-
- I- N-PHELPS- STOKES ■
ili
m
B.O B E R.T - H ■ D O D D
M D C C C C XV I -
Copyright, 1 916
By I. N. Phelps Stokes
TO
HENRY HARRISSE
WHOSE UNFLAGGING ZEAL IN THE QUEST OF KNOWLEDGE
AND WHOSE
RETENTIVE, ANALYTIC, AND RESOURCEFUL MIND
HAVE ADDED SO MUCH TO OUR
UNDERSTANDING OF THE EARLY EXPLORATIONS
ALONG THE
EAST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA
THIS VOLUME IS INSCRIBED
WITH ADMIRATION
AND
GRATITUDE
CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction xvii
I Cartography: An Essay on the Development of Knowl-
edge Regarding the Geography of the East Coast of
North America; Manhattan Island and its Environs
ON Early Maps and Charts
Chapter I Discovery and Earliest Cartography of the Vicinity of Man-
hattan Island (from Vespuccius to Hudson) .... 5
Addendum Note and Chaves Chart 39
C. Plates 1-20 Following 40
Chapter II Hudson's Mapping of the Vicinity of Manhattan Island . 41
C. Plates 21-22-A Following 62
Chapter III First Dutch Surveys of the Vicinity of Manhattan Island
(The Figurative Maps of Block and Hendricks). 1614-
1616 63
C. Plates 23-24 Following 76
Chapter IV First Maps and Globes published in Holland showing Man-
hattan Island. 1617-1635 77
C. Plates 25-33 Following 90
Chapter V The English Cartography of the Vicinity of Manhattan
Island after Hudson. 1610-1646 91
C. Plates 34-37 Following 102
Chapter VI Second Period of the Dutch Surveying of Manhattan
Island and its Vicinity, c. 1630-c. 1650 103
Early Settlement.
The Minuit Maps.
The Manatus Maps.
The Janssonius-Visscher Map and its Surveyors.
C. Plates 38-40 Following 120
Chapter VII The Cartography of Manhattan Island and its Vicinity,
from Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, and Indian
Sources 121
C. Plates 43-46 Following 130
ix
X CONTENTS
Addenda page
Map List and Descriptions, Lost Maps, etc 131
A Few Important Later Maps, 165 i-c. 1685 (C. Plates 47-57) Following 166
Early Explorers in the Neighbourhood of Manhattan Island and their
Courses 167
I General Map (C. Plate 58) If 11 ' 68
II Map of Outer and Inner Bays, etc., (C. Plate 59) . j '"^
The Cellere Codex 169
C. Plates 60-81 Following 172
The Minuit Maps, the Manatus Maps, the Castello
Plan, Etc. — Part of an Important Series of Maps,
Plans, and Views, of the Dutch Colonial Possessions
IN THE Second and Third Quarters of the Seven- '
teenth Century 173
II The Manatus Maps — The First Survey of Manhattan
Island (1639)
C. Plates 41-42-a Following 180
Plate Descriptions 181
Topographical and Historical Data 186
III The Castello Plan — Showing the City of New Amster-
dam IN THE Year 1660
C. Plates 82— 82— e (Enlarged details and Key) Following 208
Plate Descriptions 209
Topographical and Historical Data 215
Addenda
The Nicasius de Sille List. — "List of the taken up [occupied.?]
Houses on the 10 July 1660: within this Town Amsterdam in N:
Nederlant [translated]." 349
C. Plates 83-84 Following 352
Description of ye Towne of Mannadons in New Netherland, as it
was in Sept. i66i['] 353
C. Plates 85-86 Following 354
['] For transcript and discussion regarding origin, authorship, etc., see Chronology and Vol. I, Plate lo.
CONTENTS xi
PAGE
IV The Dutch Grants
Introductory Notes 355
Map (C. Plates 87-87-a) Following 358
Key 359
V Early New York Newspapers (1725-1811)
Introductory Notes 413
Bibliographical Data and Reproductions of Important
Newspapers (C. Plates 88—95) 417
Check-List 431
VI Plan of Manhattan Island in 1908 — Showing Streets,
Buildings, Dimensions, Elevations above High Water,
ETC 453
Index Map (C. Plate 96) and Plates 1-50 . Following 454
LIST OF PLATES
FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES, AND IN ORDER TO DISTINGUISH THE PLATES IN VOLUME II
FROM THOSE IN THE OTHER VOLUMES, A "c." (STANDING FOR CARTOGRAPHY) HAS BEEN
PREFIXED TO THE PLATE NUMBERS IN THIS VOLUME. FOR THE SAKE OF UNIFORMITY,
THIS "C." HAS BEEN USED EVEN IN CONNECTION W^ITH PLATES NOT COMING DIRECTLY
UNDER THE HEAD OF CARTOGRAPHY. — MOST OF THE MAPS ARE REPRODUCED IN PART ONLY.
Frontispiece Redraft of the Castello Plan of New Amsterdam
(C. PI. 82) 1660
Owner: I. N. P. S.
CARTOGRAPHY
Frontispiece The Velasco Map
(C. Plate 22) Owner: Archivo general, Simancas, Spain
C. Plate i
C. Plate 2
C. Plate 2
C. Plate 3
C. Plate 4
C. Plate 5
C. Plate 5
following chapter I
1610
1500
Chart of Juan de la Cos a
Owner: Museo Naval, Madrid
The Cantino Chart (Stevenson, No. i) c. 1502
Owner: Biblioteca Estense, Modena
World-map of Johann Ruysch, from Ptolemy 1508
Owner: Various libraries
The Canerio Chart c. 1502-4
Owner: Archives du Depot des Cartes de la Marine, Paris
Map of Atlantic Ocean by Pedro Reinel c. 15 16
Owner; Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris
Waldseemijller's World-map 1507
Owner: Library of Prince Francis of Waldburg-Wolfegg, Wiirttem-
berg, Austria
Waldseemuller's Carta Marina 1516
Owner: Library of Prince Francis of Waldburg-Wolfegg, Wiirttem-
berg, Austria
XIV
C. Plate
C. Plate 6
C. Plate
C. Plate
7
7
C. Plate 8
C. Plate 9
C. Plate 10
C. Plate 10
C. Plate ii
C. Plate 12
C. Plate 13
C. Plate 14
C. Plate 15
C. Plate 15
C. Plate 16
C. Plate 17
(outline)
C. Plate 17
(outline)
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
6 The Munich Portuguese World-map (Kunstmann, IV;
Stevenson, No. 5) c. 1520
Owner: Kon. Hauptconservatorium der Armee, Munich
World-map of Franciscus Monachus, from De Orbis
Situ c. 1526
Owner: Various libraries
The Castiglioni Map, or Planisphere of Mantova c. 1525
Owner: Castiglioni family, Mantua
The Venice Map, from Peter Martyr's Libro Primo della
Historia IS34
Owner: New York Public Library
The Castiglioni Map, or the Planisphere of Mantova
(detail of C. PI. 7)
The Weimar Map
Owner: Grossherzogliche Bibliothek, Weimar
Map of Diego Ribero (Stevenson, No. 11)
Owner: Grossherzogliche Bibliothek, Weimar
Map of Diego Ribero
Owner: Vatican, Rome
Chart of Lopo Homem
Owner: Museo degli Strumenti antichi, Florence
World-map of Vesconte de Maggiolo
Owner: Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan
Chart of Girolamo Verrazzano
Owner: Vatican, Rome
Map of Nova Francia, from Ramusio's Navigationi et
1527
1529
1529
1554
1527
1529
Viaggi
Owner: Various libraries
1556
Map of Jehan Cossin (detail of C. PL 16)
Sketch map of Jehan Alfonse de Saintonge 1544
Owner: Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris
Map of Jehan Cossin 1570
Owner: Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris
The Pesaro Map First quarter XVIth century
Owner: Biblioteca Oliveriana di Pesaro, Italy
Map after Thorne 1527
Owner: British Museum
C. Plate 17
(outline)
C. Plate 17
(outline)
C. Plate 17
(outline)
C. Plate 17
(outline)
C. Plate 17
(outline)
C. Plate 17
(outline)
C. Plate 17
(outline)
C. Plate 17
(outline)
C. Plate 17
(outline)
C. Plate 17
(outline)
C. Plate 18
(outline)
C. Plate 18
(outline)
C. Plate 18
(outline)
C. Plate 18
(outline)
C. Plate 18
(outline)
C. Plate 18
(outline)
C. Plate 18
(outline)
LIST OF PLATES xv
Map of Benedetto Bordone, from hole del Mondo of
Benedetto Bordone 1528
Owner: Various libraries
Globe of Robertus de Bailly 1530
Owner: J. P. Morgan, Esq.
KuNSTMANN, VI, FROM THE Atlas zur Entdeckungsgeschiclite
Jmerikas c. 1532-40
Map of Seb. Munster, from Ptolemy, 1540 1540
Owner: Various libraries
The Globe of Ulpius 1542
Owner: New York Historical Society
World-map of Gastaldi 154^
Owner: University Library, Leyden
Gastaldi's Carta Marina, from Ptolemy 1548
Owner: Various libraries
Map of Bapt. Agnese c. 1550
Owner: University Library, Bologna
Nova Francia (anonymous Italian map) c. 1560
Owner: University Library, Leyden
Map of Michael Lok, from Hakluyt's Divers Voyages
Owner: Various libraries 15^2
The Salviati Map (Stevenson, No. 7) After 1536
Owner: Biblioteca Laurenziana, Florence
World-map of Alonso de Santa Cruz 1542
Owner: Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm
Map of Johne Rotz, from the MS. Boke of Idography
Owner: British Museum 1 542
Map of Seb. Cabot i544
Owner: BibHotheque Nationale, Paris
Map from the Cartas de Indias, a collection of maps printed
under the auspices of the Spanish Government, in 1877 c. 1550
Owner: Various libraries
The Riccardiana Map (Kretschmer, 34) c. 1550
Owner: The Riccardiana, Florence
Map of Bastian Lopez 1558
Owner: British Museum
xvi THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
C. Plate i8 Map or Alonso de Santa Cruz, from the Islario General
Owner: K. K. Hofbibliothek, Vienna c. 1560
(outline)
C. Plate 18
(outline)
C. Plate 18
(outline)
C. Plate 19
(outline)
C. Plate 19
(outline)
C. Plate 19
(outline)
C. Plate 19
(outline)
C. Plate 19
(outline)
C. Plate 19
(outline)
C. Plate 19
(outline)
C. Plate 20
(outline)
C. Plate 20
(outline)
C. Plate 20
(outline)
C. Plate 20
(outline)
C. Plate 20
(outline)
C. Plate 20
(outline)
C. Plate 20
1571
1573
1536
1541
1546
Map from the Atlas of Vaz Dourado
Owner: Torro do Tombo, Lisbon
Map of Domingos Teixeira
Owner: Archives du Depot des Cartes de la Marine, Paris
The Harleian Mappemonde c
Owner: British Museum
Map of Desceliers
Owner: Royal Library, Dresden
Map of Desceliers
Owner: Earl of Crawford and Balcarres, of Haigh Hall, Lancashire
Map of Guillaume Le Testu 1566
Owner: Archives du Depot des Cartes des Affaires etrangeres, Paris
Chart of Gerard Mercator
Owner: Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris
Map of John Dee
Owner: British Museum
Map of Thomas Hood
Owner: Konigl. Hof-und Staatsbibliothek, Munich
World-map of Petrus Plancius
Owner: Colegio del Corpus Cristi, Valencia
Map of Cornelis de Judaeis, from Speculum Orbis ter-
rarum 1593
Owner: Various libraries
Map of Corn. Wytfliet, from Descriptionis Ptolemaicae
Avgmentum 1597
Owner: Various libraries
The Molineux Map, from Hakluyt's Divers Voyages 1599
Owner: Various libraries
Dutch Planisphere c. 1600
Owner: Royal Library, Dresden
Map of Gabriell Tatton 1602
Owner: The Riccardiana, Florence
Map of Harmen and Marten Ianss 1610
1569
1580
1592
1592
(outline) Owner: BibHotheque Nationale, Paris
LIST OF PLATES xvii
FOLLOWING CHAPTER II
C. Plate 21 World-map of Octavius Pisanus c. 1610
Owner: Bibliothequg^du Depot des Cartes de la Marine, Paris
C. Plate 21-A The Virginia Company Chart 1606-8
Owner: L N. P. S.
C. Plate 22 The Velasco Map 1610
(frontispiece) Owner: Archive general, Simancas, Spain
C. Plate 22-A The Velasco Map (detail of C. Pi. 22)
C. Plate 23
C. Plate 24
C. Plate 25
C. Plate 26
C. Plate 27
C. Plate 27
C. Plate 28
C. Plate 28
C. Plate 29
C. Plate 30
C. Plate 30
C. Plate 31
C. Plate 31
following chapter III
Figurative Map of Adriaen Block
Owner: Algemeen Rijksarchief, The Hague
Figurative Map of Cornelis Hendricks
Owner: Algemeen Rijksarchief, The Hague
1614
1616
following chapter IV
First Paskaart of W. Jz. Blaeu c. 1617
Owner: L N. P. S.
Pascaerte of J. Az. Colom 163 i
Owner: Archives du Depot des Cartes de la Marine, Paris
First Paskaart of W. Jz. Blaeu (detail of C. PI. 25)
Pascaerte of J. Az. Colom (detail of C. PI. 26) 163 1
Second West Indische Paskaert of W. Jz. Blaeu c. 1621
Owner: British Museum
Second Paskaerte of Anthony Jacobsz (detail of C.
PI. 29)
Second Paskaerte of Anthony Jacobsz After 1643
Owner: Archives du Depot des Cartes de la Marine, Paris
Globe of W. Jz. Blaeu 1622
Owner: Hispanic Society of America, New York
Globe of A. F. Van Langren c. 1622-30
Owner: Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris
Map of Joh. De Laet, from the Beschryvinghe van West-
Indien 1630
Owner: Various libraries
Janssonius's Reprint of De Laet's Map (first state) from
THE Mercator-Hondius Atlas 1636
Owner: Various libraries
XVIU
C. Plate 32
C. Plate 33
C. Plate 33
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
W. Jz. Blaeu's Map of New Netherland
Owner: I.N. P.S.
163s
Map of Athanasius Inga, from West-Indische Spieghel
Owner: Various libraries 1624
Chart of Joris Carolus 1626
Owner: Algemeen Rijksarchief, The Hague
C. Plate 34
C. Plate 34
C. Plate 35
C. Plate 36
C. Plate 37
C. Plate 37
following chapter V
Chart of John Daniel 1639
Owner: Biblioteca Palatina (in the Biblioteca nazionale), Florence
Chart of Nicholas Comberford 1646
Owner: Biblioteca Palatina (in the Biblioteca nazionale), Florence
Dudley's Rejected MS. Map of New Netherland
Owner: Konigl. Hof-und Staatsbibliothek, Munich c. 1636
Dudley's MS. Map of the East Coast c. 1636
Owner: Konigl. Hof-und Staatsbibliothek, Munich
Dudley's Carta Seconda Generale, from Dell' Arcano
del Mare, Vol. II 1646
Owner: Various libraries
Dudley's Carta Particolare, from DelV Arcano del Mare,
Vol. VI 1648
Owner: Various libraries
C. Plate 38
C. Plate 39
C. Plate 40
following chapter VI
Chart of Buchelius
Owner: Algemeen Rijksarchief, The Hague
Minuit's Map of New Netherland
Owner: Library of Congress (Harrisse bequest)
Minuit's Map of Hudson River
Owner: Library of Congress (Harrisse bequest)
c. 1640
c. 1630
c. 1630
C. Plate 41 ")
C. Plate 42 J
C. Plate 43
following chapter VII
The Manatus Maps (See II)
Map of Jean Guerard, of Dieppe
Owner: Archives du Depot des Cartes de la Marine, Paris
163 I
LIST OF PLATES
XIX
C. Plate 44 Map of Champlain, from the 1632 edition of Cham-
plain's Voyages 1629
Owner: Various libraries
Map of Jean Guerard, of Dieppe 1634
Owner: Archives du Depot des Cartes de la Marine, Paris
Chart of Le Bocage Boisaye 1669
Owner: Archives du Depot des Cartes de la Marine, Paris
Map of Ant. Sanchez 1641
Owner: Algemeen Rijksarchief, The Hague
Map of Seb. de Ruesta c. 1660
Owner: British Museum
C. Plate 45
C. Plate 45
C. Plate 46
C. Plate 46
C. Plate 47
C. Plate 48
C. Plate 49
C. Plate 50
C. Plate 51
C. Plate 52
C. Plate 53
C. Plate 54
C. Plate 55
C. Plate 56
addenda
Domina Virginia Farrer's Map of Virginia, from Virgo
Trinmphans, 30 ed. 165 i
Owner: Various libraries
Chart of Arnold Colom
Owner: University Library, Amsterdam
Chart of Pieter Goos, from the Zee-Atlas
Owner: Various libraries
Before 1653 ?
1666
Map of Joseph Moxon
Owner: LN. P.S.
Map of R. Daniel
Owner: LN.P.S.
Map of John Seller, from Atlas Maritimus
Owner: Various libraries
1664
1679
1675 ?
Chart of Arent Roggeveen, from the atlas published
BY Roggeveen and Peter Goos 1675
Owner: Various libraries
Chart of Arent Roggeveen, from the atlas published
BY Roggeveen and Peter Goos 1675
Owner: Various libraries
Anonymous English Map, from the English Pilot, 1706
[edition 1689 ?] c. 1675
Owner: L N. P. S.
Map of John Thornton
Owner (in 191 1): Mr. Henry N. Stevens, London
1674-82
XX THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
C. Plate 57 Chart of Johannes van Keulen, from the Sea Atlas 1685
Owner: Various libraries
C. Plate 58 General Map showing the courses of Early Explorer^
IN THE Neighbourhood of Manhattan Island 1498-1619
C. Plate 59 Enlarged Detail of C. PI. 58, showing Outer and Inner
Bays, etc.
C Plates 60-8 1 The Cellere Codex
Owner: J. P. Morgan, Esq.
THE MINUIT MAPS, THE MANATUS MAPS, THE CASTELLO PLAN, ETC.
II
C. Plate 41 De Manatvs. op de Noort Riuier [The Manatus Map]
1639
Owner: Italian Government, preserved in Villa Castello, Florence
C. Plate 42 Manatvs Gelegen op de Noot Riuier [The Manatus
Map] 1639
Owner: Library of Congress (Harrisse bequest)
C. Plate 42-a Enlargement of Manhattan Island, from the Man-
atus Map (C. Pis. 41 and 42)
III
C. Plate 82 Afbeeldinge van de Stadt Amsterdam in Nieuw
Neederlandt [The Castello Plan] 1660
Owner: Italian Government, preserved in Villa Castello, Florence
C. Plates 82-a Enlarged Details of Castello Plan (C. PI. 82)
-82-d
C. Plate 82-e Outline key to Castello Plan 1660
addenda
C. Plates 83 The Nicasius de Sille List 1660
84 Owner: New York Public Library
C. Plates 85 Description of ye Towne of Mannadons in New Nether-
86 LAND, AS it was IN Sept. i66i 1661
Owner: Royal Society of London
IV
THE DUTCH GRANTS
C. Plate 87 Map
LIST OF PLATES
XXI
Frontispiece
(C. Plate 88)
C. Plate 89
C. Plate 89
C. Plate 90
C. Plate 90
C. Plate 91
C. Plate 91
C. Plate 92
C. Plate 92
C. Plate 93
C. Plate 93
C. Plate 94
C. Plate 94
early new YORK NEWSPAPERS
The New- York Gazette, No. 18, February 28-March 7,
1725-6
Owner: Historical Society of Pennsylvania
The New-York Weekly Post-Boy, No. 5, February i,
1742-3
Owner: Historical Society of Pennsylvania
The New- York Weekly Journal, No. i, October (error
for November) 5, 1733
Owner: N. Y. Public Library
The New- York Evening-Post, No. 4, December 17, 1744
Owner: N. Y. Historical Society
The New-York Mercury, No. 5, August 31, 1752
Owner: Library Company of Philadelphia
The New-York Journal, or General Advertiser, No. i.
May 29, 1766
Owner: N. Y. Historical Society
The New- York Journal, or General Advertiser, No.
1241, October 16, 1766
Owner: N. Y. PubUc Library
Weyman's New- York Gazette, No. go, February 16, 1759
Owner: N. Y. Public Library
Rivington's New- York Gazetteer; or the Connecticut,
New-Jersey, Hudson's River, And Quebec Weekly
Advertiser, No. i, April 22, 1773
Owner: N. Y. Public Library
The New York Packet and the American Advertiser,
No. I, January 4, 1776
Owner: N. Y. Society Library
The New-York Daily Advertiser, No. 14, March 16, 1785
Owner: American Antiquarian Society
The American Minerva, No. i, December 9, 1793
Owner: N. Y. Public Library
The Time Piece, and Literary Companion, No. i, March
13, 1797
Owner: N. Y. Public Library
xxii THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
C. Plate 95 The Spectator, No. i, October 4, 1797
Owner: N. Y. Public Library
C. Plate 95 New-York Evening Post, No. i, November 16, 1801
Owner: N. Y. Historical Society
VI
plan of MANHATTAN ISLAND IN I908
C. Plate 96 Index
Plates 1-50
INTRODUCTION
THE Essay on the Cartography of the North East Coast was origi-
nally conceived, and in part prepared, as an introductory chapter
preceding the Historical Summaries. In this form, it bore the title
"Manhattan Island on Early Maps and Charts," and was little more than a
compilation, based on the works of Kohl, Harrisse, and Winsor, augmented
by some brief observations on a few maps of special interest to our subject in
the collections of the New York Public Library, the Hispanic Society of
America, the American Geographical Society, the Harvard College Library,
the Library of Congress, and the author's own collection; and by the results
of some investigations undertaken on the author's behalf, in London by Mr.
Henry N. Stevens, and in Paris and Holland by M. Henri Trope.
As the scope and volume of the Iconography grew, and with it that
of the Cartography, it became evident that even a superficial survey of the
subject could not, satisfactorily, be completed without at least a glance, in
person, at some of the more important European collections. For this
purpose, therefore, I went abroad in the summer of 1 9 1 1 , and, after examin-
ing the principal collections of London, Paris, Amsterdam, and The Hague,
returned home, realising the wide expanse and the difficulty of the subject,
the fragmentary character of the information which I had been able to
gather, and my lack of expert knowledge and training.
While striving to produce something which should at least add a little
to our scanty knowledge of this interesting and important subject, I received
a letter from Dr. F. C. Wieder, an associate of the firm of Frederik Muller
& Co., of Amsterdam, and an experienced student of maps and other
material relating to America, with whom I had occasionally corresponded,
xxiv THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
and whom I had met in Holland during the preceding summer. This
letter informed me of Dr. Wieder's acceptance of the post of Assistant
lyibrarian in the library of the University of Amsterdam. Realising that
in this position he would have increased opportunities for cartographical
studies and more time for outside work, I wrote inviting him to undertake
for me certain researches in Dutch cartography, an invitation which he
readily accepted, and which led to a correspondence which has continued
at almost fortnightly intervals ever since.
These investigations, which at first occupied only occasional spare hours
in the collections of Amsterdam and The Hague, were continued during
the summer vacations and on special leave from the municipal and uni-
versity authorities, and were eventually extended to cover, either by personal
visit or by correspondence, most of the important collections of Europe.
When these researches began, it was my intention to use Dr. Wieder's
reports in the preparation of my introductory chapter, but the pressure of
other work connected with the Iconography, and a growing realisation of
Dr. Wieder's far wider experience, as well as his closer proximity to the
sources of original information, soon led me to reverse this process, and to
ask him to submit his reports in the form of a constructive and connected
outline. Before this was completed, it became evident that it would be
impracticable to present the necessary facts and arguments within the limits
of a single chapter; and it was, therefore, determined to print the Cartog-
raphy as an appendix, divided into several chapters. It later seemed de-
sirable to include also in this appendix the material connected with the
Manatus Maps, the Castello Plan, and the Dutch Grants, as well as the
modern Real Estate and Insurance Plan of the Island ; thus collecting into
a single volume practically all of the available early topographical data,
except the Landmark Map, which, unfortunately, could not be completed
in time. The Check-List of Early Newspapers was included here purely
because of space considerations.
When the preliminary report had been completed, and while such edi-
torial modifications and additions as were suggested by my researches in
America were being made — in constant consultation with Dr. Wieder — the
great desirability of a personal examination of the Spanish archives became
apparent; and Dr. Wieder, finding it possible to procure from the city and
university authorities the necessary leave of absence, left Holland for this
purpose in February, 19 14, and spent eight weeks in Spain, devoting a part
of this time to cartographical investigations for the Royal Dutch Geograph-
ical Society. As a result of these researches, such important new material
INTRODUCTION xxv
was obtained that it proved necessary to rewrite the first and second chapters
of the Cartography.
For the sake of directness and simplicity, it has seemed best to retain,
as far as possible, in the essay the narrative form of Dr. Wieder's original
reports to me, and to merge my own observations with his, without attempt-
ing to distinguish between our respective contributions to a work for which
we accept joint responsibility, although the constructive framework, the
theories, and the arguments are, for the greater part, his. In the reproduc-
tion of the maps our chief aim has been to secure the best possible facsimile
work, and, to this end, wherever practicable, the reproductions have been
made directly from the original, and not from a copy. In no case has any
retouching of the plate been permitted.
The study of the cartography of the North East Coast naturally begins
with the De la Cosa Map, on which appears the earliest delineation of our
shores — a mysterious coast-line, curiously suggestive of the actual facts — and
follows the gradual development of knowledge up to, and a little beyond, the
appearance, about 1650, of the remarkable family of maps known as the
Visscher Series, on which the coast-line and other principal geographical
features are, for the first time, portrayed with approximate accuracy.
The discoveries of Verrazzano and Gomez are considered at some length,
the former in the light of the recently discovered Cellere Codex, the origi-
nal of which was carefully examined and photographed, with the kind
permission of Mr. J. P. Morgan, to whose collection it now belongs; and
the important fact was brought to light that, contrary to the interpretation
of historians, this explorer observed, generally, the mouth of the Delaware,
which river, and not the Hudson, he named "Vandoma"; the Hudson be-
ing referred to in his report only as "a very great river."
Two fortunate discoveries made by Dr. Wieder, one in Italy, of the 1554
map of Lopo Homem, the other in Spain, of a manuscript description of
the American coast by Alonso de Chaves, probably written between 1536
and I 540, help to clear up the obscurity which has long surrounded the lost
padron general of 1536.
Notwithstanding the fact that it has not proved possible to dissipate, alto-
gether, the mystery surrounding the signed and dated Jehan Cossin Chart,
of 1570, the mere existence of this map is most interesting, proving as it
does, conclusively, that New York Harbour was not only entered, but pretty
thoroughly explored, between the visits of Verrazzano and Hudson. This
map, doubtless, represents the result of one of several visits made by explorers
during this mysterious period.
xxvi THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Although the search for Hudson's own lost map has not been crowned
with complete success, new light has been thrown upon this all-important
document, which it has been possible to connect very closely with the
Velasco Map and with the newly discovered "Virginia Company Chart,"
which documents, respectively, supply a very good idea of Hudson's knowl-
edge of our coast, just before and just after his memorable third voyage.
A special, and we believe a successful, attempt has been made to deter-
mine the first manuscript map, the first printed map, and the first printed
and dated map to show the insularity of Manhattan Island.
Through the generous courtesy of the authorities of the Munich Konig-
liche Hof-und-Staats-Bibliothek, it was possible to make a leisurely study
of the little-known and very interesting collection of maps belonging to the
original manuscript of Dudley's DeW Arcano del Mare, now preserved in
Florence, and to consider these in relation to the manuscript text, from
which they have so long been cruelly separated.
In order to give a comprehensive idea of the scope and character of the
European researches undertaken by Dr. Wieder, I quote, with some free-
dom and amplification, from the introductory remarks accompanying his
final report on his investigations: —
From the beginning, the researches were inspired by the hope that the very
chart drawn by Hudson of the vicinity of Manhattan might perhaps be refound; as
it did not seem improbable that the so-called Velasco Map, which had lain hidden
for centuries in the State Archives of Spain until unearthed by Alexander Brown in
1 88-, embodied in some way the results of Hudson's exploration of the Hudson
River and of the coast near its mouth. Although the object of this hope was, unfortu-
nately, not realised, the search led to the discovery of several other documents of
deep interest to our subject, and made it possible to reach conclusions which I
trust are not far from the truth.
The archives and libraries of my own country were first scrutinised, among
which the Algemeen Rijksarchief at The Hague ranks first. The General State
Archivist, Mr. R. Fruin, permitted a most liberal use of the treasures under his
control, and Dr. J. de Hullu, custodian of the most important department of Colonial
Archives, granted me the fullest facilities. It was in this department that, in 1910, 1
had come across what is probably the finest early view of New York in existence, and,
almost without doubt, an early copy of the original prototype from which the
well-known Visscher View was derived. [This important water-colour drawing,
which had hitherto escaped notice, has been reproduced as the frontispiece of Vol. I.]
Prof. Dr. S. C. de Vries, Director, and Mr. Louis D. Petit, Conservator of the Uni-
versity Library of Leyden, kindly allowed me to make a thorough inspection of the
Bodel Nyenhuis collection of maps, described in 1859 by Asher, but even now not
completely catalogued.
INTRODUCTION xxvii
Not having found Hudson's map in Holland, I was next led to undertake a
search for it in London; but neither the gracious interest taken in the subject by Mr.
J. A. J. de Villiers, Chief of the Map-room of the British Museum, nor the kind help
of the other officials of that institution and at the Public Record Office could throw
any light upon the present whereabouts of this most desired document. The dis-
covery, however, of a reissue by Robyn of an entirely unknown chart of the Atlantic,
by the great Dutch cartographer Wilham Jansz Blaeu, definitely disposed of the pre-
tensions to the place of honour so long usurped in the earliest cartography of New
Netherland by the well-known chart of Anthony Jacobsz; and a curious Spanish
chart, found among the Sloane papers, not only widened the knowledge of our sub-
ject but contributed an unexpected addition from that country.
In the mean time, a third possible repository of the almost mythical map of
Hudson was suggested to the writer by a notice in one of Bernard Quaritch's cata-
logues, drawing attention to the fact that the Dutch cartography of New Nether-
land, as found in the Dutch atlases of the first half of the seventeenth century, was
materially supplemented by the little-known atlas of Robert Dudley, a romantic
English contemporary of Hudson, who fled from England with a young lady, and
settled in Florence, where he became a maritime expert at the court of the Duke of
Tuscany. A study of Dudley's printed atlas, and of scattered information regarding
his life, brought to light the fact that he possessed a collection of Dutch and English
charts, presumably in manuscript. Edward Everett Hale, who had seen in Munich
the original maps of the Arcano, even went so far as to suppose that Dudley used for
his representation of the Polar Regions the charts of Hudson. Why, then, should not
this Englishman have had also in his possession Hudson's original chart of the river
which bears his name? Through the great kindness of the director of the Konigliche
Hof-und-Staats-Bibliothek, at Munich, the three bulky manuscript volumes of
Dudley's maps were sent, for leisurely examination, to Amsterdam, and notes made
at this time were afterwards compared with the manuscript text, which is preserved
in Florence, as had been pointed out by Mr. P. Lee Phillips, Chief of the Division
of Maps and Charts of the Library of Congress.
The knowledge gained from a study of these charts, supplemented by informa-
tion obtained, by a happy chance, from Mr. J. W. Yzerman, President of the Royal
Dutch Geographical Society, regarding an early plan of New Amsterdam which
he had seen in Florence the year before, and which later proved to be the oldest
existing plan of the city, and the only plan known to have survived from the period
of Dutch occupation, offered a sufficient inducement for my making a trip to that
city, where a most friendly reception was prepared for me by the Cavaliere Eglio
Modigliani, through whose much-appreciated interest and influence permission was
obtained from the ItaHan Ministry to photograph the New Amsterdam plan and
other important drawings in the Villa Castello, and who further introduced me to
the directors of several other museums and libraries.
I soon became convinced that the collection of Dudley had been dispersed;
I had, however, the good fortune to find some charts from his collection in the Ric-
cardiana. These charts revealed the earliest English cartography of the vicinity of
Manhattan, and at the same time proved that the English possessed at this time a
xxviii THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
knowledge of Manhattan, independent of the Dutch. Careful consideration con-
vinced me that this knowledge had been directly derived from Hudson, whose charts
were kept in England when he was detained there, after his return from the discov-
ery of the Hudson River.
The Dudley manuscripts were found, after some difficulty. They include no
maps, but only the text belonging to the maps preserved in Munich.
While in Florence, I spent a fruitful and pleasant day with Prof. A. Lo Surdo,
the director of the Museo degli Strumenti antichi. Among the treasures which
were here shown me was a hitherto undescribed large planisphere, drawn on vellum
by the Portuguese cartographer, Lopo Homem, in Lisbon, in 1554. During my
later investigations for the Cartography, this map acquired an unexpected signifi-
cance and importance for our subject. I must also gratefully mention Prof. A. Senna,
to whom I gave much trouble in my search for the Dudley manuscripts, and Prof.
Olinto Marinelli, who, during a visit to New York, cabled, through Mr. Stokes, the
definite information by means of which the manuscripts were at last found.
In connection with my researches in France, I must mention first the Harrisse
manuscript maps of American interest. These important documents, bought by
the eminent cartographer, Henry Harrisse, from the Amsterdam firm of Frederik
Muller & Co., formed originally the most important sheets of a collection of maps
drawn by a Dutch artist, or group of artists, in the third quarter of the seventeenth
century. Among them was the earliest detailed survey of Manhattan Island, rep-
resenting the Dutch settlement at the very early date of 1639. The owner had
always been very jealous of these treasures, and, though the map of Manhattan
had been once publicly exposed — at the anniversary celebration of the discovery of
America, in 1892 — had never permitted a photograph of it to be made, so that
it remained practically unknown to all historians of the city of New York.
When I was in Paris in 1912, the will of Harrisse, who had died two years
before (on May 13, 19 10), had not yet been probated, and the bequest which he had
made of these maps to the Library of Congress in Washington had, consequently,
not been executed, so that there seemed but little chance of my securing access to
these precious documents, which were absolutely indispensable for the further
study of our subject. However, by the kind mediation of the venerable M. Henry
Vignaud, the friend and biographer of Harrisse, I was introduced to Monsieur
Mallortic, the notary of the French heirs; and this gentleman allowed me, with
true French courtesy, to have photographs made of the maps, after the American
heirs, acting through Mr. Moses R. Walter, of Baltimore, had, at the request of
Mr. Stokes, cabled their consent.
Several days spent in the division of "Cartes et Plans" of the Bibliotheque
Nationale, and in the archives and library of the Depot des Cartes de la Marine,
afforded knowledge of several unknown maps and documents. For instance, the
discovery of charts of the Atlantic by Jacob Aertsz Colom, Anthony Jacobsz, Jean
Guerard, and Le Bocage Boisaye established for the first time the true relations
existing between the various known documents of this class, and furnished new
material to prove the priority of the important "Paskaart" by the elder Blaeu, the
only known copy of which is in the collection of Mr. Stokes.
INTRODUCTION xxix
I am very glad of this opportunity to express publicly m}' sense of gratitude
toward the officials of these learned institutions, especially to MM. Charles de la
Ronciere, Leon Vallee, and Du Bus, at the Bibliotheque Nationale, and to M.
L. Buteux and his associates at the Depot des Cartes de la Marine.
I am further indebted to M. Vignaud for the honour of being introduced to
S. A. I. Prince Roland Bonaparte, and for the privilege of seeing the magnificent
library in the palace in the Avenue de lena under the personal guidance of His Imperial
Highness. The unique maps of the New Netherland coast belonging to the Prince
are mentioned in their proper place in this work.
A brief stay in Grenoble, on the way back from Italy to Paris, followed by cor-
respondence with the hbrarian of the University, M. Maignien, and the well-known
geographer, Professor Louis Blanchard, led to the refinding of the Grenoble copy of
the Globe of Van Langren, which, since its reproduction in the atlas of Baron de Rio-
Branco, published in 1899, had been lost to sight. This globe, by its date of 1630,
helped to disentangle the somewhat confused relations existing between the earli-
est globes showing the island of Manhattan.
Having followed to this point the successive steps in the development of the car-
tography of the immediate vicinity of Manhattan Island, it became more and more
evident that all of the maps made after 1609 were more or less directly descended
from a common ancestor — the lost chart of Hudson — and that the known map which
resembled most closely this primordial document was the so-called "Velasco Map,"
which had so long lain hidden in the remote Spanish National Archives, at Simancas.
A personal inspection of this map seemed, therefore, almost necessary, and a
trip to Spain presented the further advantage of affording an opportunity for study-
ing many original documents which might shed light on the obscure history of the
neighbourhood of Manhattan in the pre-Hudsonian period.
Combining these researches with a more general search for old Dutch maps
and historical geographical documents, undertaken on behalf of the Royal Dutch
Geographical Society, I devoted two months to a rapid, but, considering the brief
time at my disposal, fairly comprehensive, examination of the most important archives
and libraries of Spain.
A visit to the archives of Simancas, and an examination of the Velasco Map,
brought to light the surprising fact that the colours of the original had been wrongly
rendered on the copy made for Alexander Brown, and now preserved in the New
York Public Library; and with this discovery the last obstacle to connecting the
Velasco Map very closely with Hudson disappeared. I remember with delight the
friendly assistance rendered by the chief archivist, Don Juan Montero Conde, and
the interest which he took in the making of photographs and the preparation of an
exact facsimile of the map, in colours.
The researches in the archives in Madrid and in Seville proved most fruitful.
Through the introduction of Don Antonio Blazquez y Delgado, I secured access to
the precious collection of manuscripts belonging to the Real Academia de Historia,
where the happy discovery of a minute description of the coast of North America,
by no less an authority than Alonso de Chaves, ['] made it possible to establish the
['] See transcript deposited by the author in N. Y. Pub. Lib., Div. of Manuscripts.
XXX THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
close relation which must have existed between the representation of our coast on
the lost padron general of Chaves and that on the planisphere of Lopo Homem which
I had found the previous year in Florence; and, further, supplied a clue which
explained a great deal that before was unintelligible in the maps of the sixteenth
century.
A fixed point in the cartographical chaos of the sixteenth century having been
established by this discovery, a careful perusal of the Spanish documents which
might throw light upon the supposed explorations of the Spaniards along our coast,
during that period, might naturally have been expected to settle the question
whether the Spaniards could be counted among the very few early visitors to New
York Bay. This hope was not vain; and the question was answered in the negative.
As the Spanish archives are of enormous bulk, and widely scattered, a thorough
examination of them could not have been accompHshed during the short period which
I had at my disposal. However, the fortunate discovery, in the Deposito hidrografico
in Madrid, of a case of paper slips, containing short references, copied by Martin
Fernandez de Navarrete, to documents in the various archives relating to naviga-
tion and to Spanish discoveries, brought a fairly comprehensive examination within
the realm of possibility; and I feel deeply obliged to the librarian of the said Deposito,
Don Joaquin Ariza y Estrada, and to the cartographer, Don J. G. BeUido, for their
useful guidance and help.
The transcripts of Navarrete having furnished a general idea of the course of
events, this idea gradually assumed definite shape, and was developed by researches
and study in the famous Archivo general de Indias, in Seville. Don Pedro Torres
Lanzas, the chief archivist, and his assistants, Don Juan Lafita y Diaz and Don
Francisco Navas del Valle, are well known in America, and I am only repeating a com-
mon saying when I state how agreeable and fruitful a stay in these voluminous and
well-arranged archives is sure to prove, by reason of the active and intelligent help
cheerfully given by these officials, and of the lively interest which they take in all
serious investigations.
My researches in the different countries of Europe would not have been pos-
sible without official introductions and recommendations, and in this connection
I am deeply indebted to the ambassadors and ministers of the United States and
of the Netherlands, as well as to the other diplomatic representatives of these coun-
tries, and especially to the secretaries of their embassies in Paris, Mr. A. Bailly
Blanchard and Baron C. van Asbeck, who rendered valued assistance under dif-
ficult circumstances. I remember also with sincere gratitude all that was done for
me in Spain — where formalities are often very strictly observed — by his Excellency,
Joseph E. Willard, Ambassador of the United States, and by den Heer Maurice van
Vollenhoven, Dutch Charge d'Aff"aires. I must also mention the name of Mr. Willis
Jordan Plummer, Clerk of the American embassy, whose companionship brightened
many leisure moments in Madrid.
In closing these brief introductory remarks, it is a pleasure, as well as a
duty, to add to Dr. Wieder's my own acknowledgments and thanks to all
who have so generously contributed by help and advice to the success of
INTRODUCTION xxxi
our efforts, and especially to the Librarian of Congress, Dr. Herbert Put-
nam, who has extended to me every courtesy, and whose general letter of
introduction, given at my request to Dr. Wieder, has proved an open sesame
everywhere. I am also under lasting obligations to Mr. P. Lee Phillips,
Chief of the Division of Maps and Charts of the Congressional Library,
whose many contributions to cartographical knowledge are appreciated all
over the world, and whose forthcoming work on the Bibliography of
Cartography will be a boon to all students; as well as to Professor E. L.
Stevenson, Director of the Hispanic Society of America; to Mr. Letts,
Curator of Maps of the American Geographical Society; to Mr. Henry N.
Stevens, of London, the well-known authority on American maps ; and last,
but not least, to Mr. Wilberforce Eames, of the New York Public Library,
who, since the beginning of this work, has given ungrudgingly of his time
and knowledge, and whose help, as well as that of his assistants, Mr. John
B. Elliott and Mr. William A. Elliott, I shall always gratefully remember
and appreciate.
In the preparation of the material relating to the Manatus Maps and the
Castello Plan, I have received much valued assistance from Dr. Wieder, and
from Mr. Victor Hugo Paltsits, Chief of the Division of American History
and Keeper of Manuscripts in the New York Public Library, and for four
years Historian of the State of New York; and especially from Mr. Clinton
H. Macarthy, and from Miss J. F. Macarthy, Location Expert and historian
of the Title Guarantee & Trust Company, who have devoted many months
of patient, expert, labour to this difficult task.
The Dutch Grant Map, in its final form, represents the result of re-
searches carried on continuously over a period of more than two years by
Mr. Macarthy. In the difficult task of piecing together fragmentary items
of information, and deducing reliable conclusions from sometimes very
meagre, and often seemingly contradictory, facts, great patience and skill
were required; and the successful outcome of this work is in large measure
due to the enthusiastic co-operation and advice generously given at every
stage of the work by Miss Macarthy, whose wide experience and accurate
knowledge of all matters relating to land titles and conveyances on Man-
hattan Island are unsurpassed.
In the preparation of the Check-list of Early New York City News-
papers, I am chiefly indebted to Miss Emily Hickman, Professor of History in
Wells College, and to the many librarians, both in America and abroad,
who have generously contributed information regarding their files.
It seemed desirable that a work dealing primarily with the topography
xxxu
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
and material development of Manhattan Island should record, in perma-
nent form, its physical characteristics, as they exist at the present time. For
this purpose, the Insurance and Real Estate Plan of the Island published by
G. W. Bromley in 1908, which shows the water-fronts, streets, buildings,
transit systems, elevations above high water, etc., was selected, and was
reproduced at a scale which makes it possible to read — with a glass — every
letter and figure.
In closing, I wish to record my sincere thanks to Mr. Clarence H.
Kelsey, President, and to the other officers of the Title Guarantee & Trust
Company, for generously permitting the freest use of their plant and
records, without which this work could not have been fully accomplished.
I. N. Phelps Stokes
New York
January, 1916
rARTOGRAPriY
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CARTOGRAPHY
CARTOGRAPHY
AN ESSAY ON
THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE
REGARDING THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE EAST COAST
OF NORTH AMERICA
MANHATTAN ISLAND AND ITS ENVIRONS
ON EARLY MAPS AND CHARTS
BY
F. C. WIEDER
AND
I. N. PHELPS STOKES
1 U/^ I l_ i-
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CHAPTER I
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY OF
THE VICINITY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
(FROM VESPUCCIUS TO HUDSON)
CHAPTER I
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY OF
THE VICINITY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
(FROM VESPUCCIUS TO HUDSON)
OUR knowledge of the discoveries and cartography of the sixteenth century is
by no means complete, and so much is still lacking towards a scientific clas-
sification of the known facts that one who wishes to study a particular sub-
ject in this broad field is apt to find much difficulty in reaching conclusions which
are susceptible of proof, or even generally satisfactory. Though much investiga-
tion has been done, and an immense amount of material collected, and in part
reproduced, especially during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, particularly
regarding maps delineating America, there are still extensive gaps in our knowledge
of the subject. For the cartography of North America, from its discovery down
to about 1540, we possess the precious work of Henry Harrisse, The Discovery of
North America,[^] published in 1892; but from about 1540 until the discover}'- of the
Hudson River, in 1609, we lack any general work covering the whole field, and there
are many missing links, and many periods but imperfectly covered. [^]
At the outset, two obvious methods presented themselves for determining what
knowledge of the vicinity of Manhattan Island existed in the sixteenth century.
One was to examine and compile the rough material contained in all available maps
and documents, and carefully to consider such logical deductions and probabilities
as were suggested by a minute comparison of a great many facts, often seemingly
unrelated; rejecting or accepting conclusions reached by others, and developing
new ones of our own. This method would inevitably have resulted in much doubt
and confusion, and would probably have yielded but meagre results, at the cost
['] The original MS., as well as a MS. autobiography — Epistola, 18S3 — is preserved in the Manuscript Division
of theN.Y. Pub. Library.
[2] For this latter period, the best authority is the scholarly work of J. G. Kohl, History of the Discovery of
Maine, in Collection! of the Maine Hist. Society, second series. Portland, 1869. The reader is also referred to The
Kohl Collection of Maps relating to America, Justin Winsor, Cambridge, 1886, reprinted by the Library of Congress
1904, with index by P. Lee Phillips.
6 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
of great labour. The other method was to take as a basis the records of those navi-
gators who are known to have visited the vicinity of Manhattan Island, or of whose
visits there is very strong presumptive evidence.
We have selected the second method, and have tried to state, with as much
precision as possible, and with all essential detail obtainable, the influence which
these recorded voyages had on the cartography of our coast. In testing the worth
of each explorer's visit, it was necessary, and fortunately it proved possible, to
examine either the original map embodying its first record, or, if not the original,
at least one or more maps closely connected therewith.
This method has resulted in the establishment of several types of maps, and
affords a guide for the examination and classification of all the known sixteenth-
century maps on which our coast is represented.
Those maps which show a knowledge unobtainable from the well-authenticated
visits naturally suggest unknown explorations, the record of which further inves-
tigation might, perhaps, bring to light. The material available admits, however,
of the inclusion of only a few navigators in the list of those who may have visited
the immediate neighbourhood of New York Harbour, and some of these possess for us
but secondary importance, as the evidence proves that they did not enter the bay
itself.
Following the chronological order, the first voyager who, it is claimed, sailed
along our coast is Americus Vespuccius.
It is possible that he may have sailed along the eastern coast during his first
voyage, in 1498, on the assumption that his landfall occurred on the shores of the
Gulf of Honduras, and that from there he skirted the coast northward, along
Yucatan, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas, all of which can,
without serious difficulty, be considered as being embraced within the 870 leagues of
coast mentioned in the account of the voyage. And there is no serious obstacle
to our supposing that the fine harbour in which he anchored, in June, 1498, to make
necessary repairs to his ships, and which marked the most northern boundary of
his journey, may be identified with Chesapeake Bay, the Delaware, or even New
York Harbour.[^]
The track of this voyage might have been incorporated on the Cantino Chart
(C. PI. 2), a planisphere probably made in the latter part of 1502, in Lisbon, whither
Vespuccius had just returned from his second voyage. This chart bears the name of
its first owner, an Italian or a Portuguese, who was in Lisbon at that date, and who
probably had met Vespuccius. [^] It depicts very distinctly the eastern and western
coasts of Florida, the eastern coast being prolonged to the north far enough to
include a large part of the coast of the United States; but the Cantino Chart omits
the coast-line from the Gulf of Honduras to a point about half-way between the
[2] Henry Harrisse, The Discovery of North America. Paris, 1892, p. 358; Henry Vignaud, Americ Vesptice, ses
voyages et ses decouvertes devajit la critique, in Journal de la Societe des Americanistes ds Paris, Nouvelle Serie, igi i, tome
VIII, p. 31 ^( seq.
An extensive discussion of this conclusion is given by Harrisse, on p. 78 et seq.
[3] Harrisse, p. 360; Sousa Viterbo, Trabalhos nauticos dos Portuguezes nos seculos XFI', Xl'II'. I. Marinbaria,
Lisbon, 1898, pp. 6, 7.
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY 7
embouchure of the Mississippi and Florida, and it seems, therefore, altogether Hkely
that this chart was based, in part at least, upon information procured not from
Vespuccius, but from some unknown navigators.
The type of coast delineation found on the Cantino Chart was used on many maps
of this period, and indeed constituted the most accepted representation before the
voyages of Verrazzano and Gomez. It is found in the same form on the Canerio
Chart (C. PI. 3), dating from 1502-3, which so much resembles the Cantino Map that
it seems to be a copy of it, although both maybe derived from some unknown original.
From the Canerio Chart, or from its original, this dehneation was copied by Waldsee-
miiller, on his large map of the world (C. PI. 5), engraved on wood and printed
in 1507, which map was accompanied by a work printed at Saint Die, and called
Cosmographiae introductio. Upon this map, which was re-discovered in 1901 by
Joseph Fischer, ['^] it at once appears that many maps published or drawn imme-
diately after 1507 were based. The author states expressly on the map that he gives
the discoveries made by Vespuccius, and the map itself is adorned with a portrait
of Vespuccius as well as with one of Ptolemy.
The Cosmographiae introductio [5] is an introduction to V/aldseemiiller's large
map of the world, which he calls "Cosmographia." In this work he gives, besides
theoretical expositions, a description of the entire world, and, as part of a description
of the newly discovered lands, he relates the four voyages of Vespuccius. It is con-
sequently clear that the coasts of America, as given by Waldseemiiller on this map,
are based on information derived from Vespuccius. And, as the coast-line closely
resembles the representation of the Cantino and Canerio Maps, at least as far as
North America is concerned, these maps must also be considered as being based on
Vespuccius.
The difficulty which we encounter in the case of the Cantino Chart, that the coast
of Florida is not connected with the shore of the Gulf of Honduras, does not exist
here. On Waldseemiiller's map, and also on the Canerio Chart, that part of the
coast which, it is claimed, represents Vespuccius's explorations on his first voyage,
forms a continuous line. We may, therefore, call the coast, as given on this map and
its derivatives, the "Vespuccius-type," and recognise in it the Atlantic coast of the
United States as far north as the Chesapeake, the Delaware, or New York Bay.
The coast-line is given too vaguely, however, to allow of an identification of New
York Harbour. The names, too, are of little significance, "Costa de mari unano"
(for uceano), "C. deli contre" (Cape of the Meeting), "Camnov," etc. [^]
We are the more justified in ascribing this representation of the east coast of
North America to Vespuccius, when we take into account the fact that he was created
"Piloto mayor" in 1508. Among the responsibihties attached to this office belonged
the instruction of navigators and the care of nautical maps of newly discovered
countries. ['']
[4] Die alteste Karle mil dem Namen Amerika aus dfm Jahri 1507 und Die Carta marina aus dim Jahrt 1 516 des M.
fValdseemiiller {Ilacomilus). Hrsg. von J. Fischer und Von Wieser. Innsbruck, 1903.
[5] M. Waldseemiiller, Cosmographiae introductio, in facsimile, with translation into English and an introduction
by J. Fischer and Von Wieser. Ed. by Ch. G. Herbermann. New York, 1907.
[6] On the Cantino Chart: "Costa del mar vciano," "Cabo d. licotu," "Canju." See Harrisse, p. 424, and his
plate facing p. 1 1 1. See also Comparative Table of Geographical Names in the New World, on the Cantino, Canerio,
and two Waldseemiiller maps, in E. L. Stevenson's: Marine IVorld Chart of Nicolo de Canerio Januensis, N.Y., 1908.
[7] Manuel de la Puente y Olea, Los Trabajos geogrdficos de la Casa de Contralacion. Sevilla, 1900, pp. 65, 66.
8 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
In the same year (1498) in which Vespuccius first cruised in American waters,
John Cabot, on his second voyage, sailed in a southerly direction along the North
American coast from Newfoundland, expecting to reach an equatorial region. No
journal or log of this voyage has come down to us, but it is without reasonable
doubt referred to on the celebrated map of the world drawn by Juan de la Cosa in
1500 (C. PL i), the first map to show a part of the American continent. On this map,
west of Cuba, there is an unbroken coast-line of a continent extending north-east
to the upper margin of the map, and on the northern portion of this coast-line, De la
Cosa has placed a series of five British flags with the inscription: "Mar descubierta
por ingles." The most easterly point of this coast-line is named "Cauo de yngla-
terra." None of the other nineteen names placed along the coast, nor the course
of the coast-line itself, can be positively identified, so that the map does not afford
a basis for the supposition that John Cabot visited New York Harbour, or even that
he saw it from the sea. From this, however, it does not follow that the shore-line as
depicted was purely conjectural; on the contrary, there is reason to believe that it
had an actual basis in fact, for, from contemporary references, it seems probable that
Cabot, on this voyage, went as far south as the Carolinas, or perhaps even Florida. [^]
This Cabot-type of coast delineation did not have a wide influence, the only
other conspicuous example known being found on the Ruysch Map (C. PI. 2), pub-
lished in 1508, on which there is a coast-line stretching from east to west, where it is
connected with Asia. It is supposed that Johannes Ruysch, author of this map, was
on one of the ships of Cabot's expedition. [^] More to the south, Ruysch's delineation
of the coast-line follows the Vespuccius-type.
On maps before 1525 the Vespuccius-type prevails: for example, on the later
maps by Waldseemiiller, where we encounter the same representation as on his
great world-map of 1507. This is notably true of his large Carta Marina, of 15 16 (C.
PI- 5)>['°] of the maps in the Ptolemy of I5I3,["] of a map of the Atlantic Ocean
in a Ptolemy of IS25,[J^] and of the wood-cut globe-gores known as the "Hauslab-
gores," which were first ascribed to Waldseemiiller, and to the year 1507, by Fischer
and Von Wieser.['3]
Other cartographers give the same representation of the East Coast, on printed
as well as on manuscript maps. We may mention, as examples, the sketch-map of
Bartholomaeus Columbus, ascribed to 1503, on which its author calls the North
American continent "Asia," and accordingly combines Vespuccius's American coast-
line with the northern coast of Asia; ['*] the world-maps drawn by Glareanus
between 1510 and 1525; ['^J the world-map in the Ptolemy of Stobnicza, I5I2;['^]
[ '] Harrisse, pp. 39-45; C. R. Beazley, John and Sebastian Cabot, The Discovery of America. London, 1898,
pp. 104-9. [ 9] Beazley's John and Sebastian Cabot, p. iii.
[10] Facsimile in Fischer und Von Wieser's work, cited above.
[> '1 Facs. in A. E. Nordenskiold, Facsimile-Atlas to the Early History of Cartography. Stockholm, 1889, PI. XXXVI.
[12] Facs. in A. E. Nordenskiold, Periplus. An Essay on the Early History of Charts and Sailing-Directions. Stock-
holm, 1897, p. 177.
['3] Facs. in Fischer und Von Wieser, p. 14. f'4] Facs. in Periplus, p. 167.
[■S] Facsimiles of the maps preserved in Bonn and Munich, in Periplus, pp. 173, 185. The Glareanus maps formerly
in the possession of Major-General E. Renouard James, R. E., were sold in London at Sotheby's, 28 June, 1912,
and bought by Messrs. Henry Stevens, Son, and Stiles, London. Facsimiles in the London Geographical Journal,
June, 1905, and in the Royal Engineers Journal, June, 1905.
[16] Facs. in Facsimile-Alias, PI. XXXIV.
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY 9
the engraved gores for a globe, by Ludovicus Boulengier, 15 14; ['7] the world-map
in the 151 5 edition of the celebrated encyclopedia by G. Reisch, called Margarita
philosophica; ['^] the two globes by Schoner — the one ascribed to the year 1515, and
the other dated 1520; ['9] and finally, the first edition of the world-map of Apianus,
published in 1520. [^°]
On the Portuguese maps, no better knowledge of the East Coast is shown during
the first quarter of the sixteenth century. On one of the maps of the Reinels (re-
produced as C. PI. 4), the coast-line shows, it is true, more detail, but this may be
taken as a consequence of an attempt at ornamentation or elaboration, rather than as
a proof of better cartographical knowledge. [^'] The same may be said of the Por-
tuguese map preserved in Munich, and known as "Kunstmann No. IV," which shows
a similar form of representation (C. PI. 6). ["^]
Even after 1525 the same incomplete type is found on some maps, which were,
therefore, antiquated at the date of their publication. It is interesting to note, for
example, that on the world-maps in three geographical works of wide influence
this type was adhered to, — namely, in Apianus's Cosmographia, which appeared in
1530 with a cordiform globe-map; [^3] in the collection of voyages published by
Grynaeus in 1532; [^'^\ and in the well-known handbook of Honterus, pubHshed in
1546, with the title of Rudimenta cosmographiae.[^^^\ The same type is also found
on the world-map in Vadianus's Epitome, 1534. [^^]
A very degenerate copy of Waldseemiiller's world-map {Cosmographia) has recent-
ly been found by Wouter Nijhoflf in the British Museum. It is a wood-cut, printed in
Amsterdam "per Johanem seueri claudu[m]" between 1534 and 1538, and has the
peculiarity that to the east coast of North America is added the inscription (lacking
on Waldseemiiller's original map): "inue[n]ta p[er] rege[m] hispanie a 1497." [^^]
The first issue of this map was discovered by Miss Ruys in the University Library
of Groningen, in March, 1915. It is dated 1514 and was published in Leiden.
The Vespuccius-type is found combined with the Cabot-type on the engraved
world-map of Benedetto Bordone, pubHshed in 1528. [^7] Perhaps this map was
copied from the lost world-map by the same author, for which a privilege was granted
him September 19, 1508, by the Senate of Venice. [-^] On this map Bordone may
have incorporated information obtained from the voyages of Cabot and Vespuccius
quite independently of De la Cosa and Waldseemiiller, or he may, perhaps, have
obtained it from explorers now unknown.
This mixed type may have acquired an even greater influence in later years,
and such maps as the engraved globe-gores published at Nuremberg about 1540, [^9]
the globe-gores of Gaspar Vopell, 1543, [*^] and those by Francois Demongenet,
[•7 ] Original in N. Y. Pub. Lib. Facs. in Facsimile-Alias, Pi. XXXVII.
[>8 ] Facs. in Facsimile-Atlas. Pi. XXXVIII.
['9 ] Facs. in Konrad Kretschmer, Die Entdeckung America's in Hirer Bedeutung fiir die Geschichte des Weltbildes;
mil einem Atlas. Berlin, 1892, Pis. XI and XIII. [20] Facs. in Facsimile-Atlas, PI. XXXVIII.
[2' ] Facsimile of entire map in: Jean Denuce, Les Origines de la cartographic portugaise et les cartes des Reinel.
Gand, 1908, p. 42 et seq. (22] Harrisse, p. 508.
[23 ] Facs. in Periplus, PI. XLIV. [24] Facs. in Facsimile-Atlas, PI. XLII.
[24a] Facs. in Facsimile-Atlas, PI. XLIV. [25] Facs. in Facsimile-Atlas, p. 105.
[26 ] C. P. Burger, Jr., Een Hollandsche Wereldkaart uit de eerste helft van de l6f eeutv; and: Nog lets over de 16'''
eeuwsche Hollandsche Wereldkaart, in: Het Boek. Den Haag, 1912, 1913. I, p. 291; II, p. 197. With facsimiles.
[27 ] Facs. of entire map in Facsimile-Atlas, PI. XXXIX. Outline on C. PI. 17.
[28 ] Harrisse, p. 447. [29] Facs. in Facsimile-Atlas, PI. XL.
lo THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
i552,[-9] may have been derived from it, rather than represent a deterioration of
the Ribero-type. I am even indined to recognise the same mixed type in the represen-
tation of the East Coast on the double cordiform v^orld-map by Orontius Finaeus,
1531430] and similarly on that of Mercator, 1538. [^'] The latter, however, though
copying Finaeus, has introduced a large estuary, which stands for Penobscot Bay.
An unknown type is found on the Pesaro Map preserved in the Biblioteca
Oliveriana di Pesaro[3'*] (reproduced in outHne on C. PI. 17). Here the part of the
northern continent shown differs materially from the representations of De la Cosa
and Ruysch, and may include explorations by unknown navigators. The coast-
line is, however, too vague to permit of its being identified with any definite part
of North America.
The Turin Map, of Spanish origin, and dated by Harrisse about 1523, inaugurates
a new era. The Vespuccius-representation has disappeared, and in its stead appears
Florida, breaking off to the north at a point to which the East Coast was known
when the original used for this part of the map was made. [3^] It is noteworthy
that at that date the representation of the East Coast based on Vespuccius's explo-
rations had been abandoned in Spain (or perhaps forgotten.?), and that the car-
tographers preferred to rely on the results of the explorations of later navigators,
although these did not extend so far to the north. Some commentators have seen
in our Vespuccius-type nothing more than an exaggerated representation of Florida,
but it is interesting to note that the Spanish cartographers referred to did not con-
nect this representation with Florida, such as it came gradually to be known by
Spanish explorers.
The first addition to this new type was the stretch of coast visited by the licentiate
Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon, between 1521 and 1525, but as we know with certainty
that his discoveries did not extend farther to the north than 33° 50', he cannot have
visited New York Bay; and so we need not here consider his explorations.
The knowledge of the East Coast acquired in the first quarter of the sixteenth
century is admirably portrayed on a copy of the padron real drawn by the "Pilot
Major" Juan Vespuccius, nephew of Americus, in Seville, in 1526. [^l] Vespuccius
appears both as pilot and as cartographer from 1512 onwards; in 1515 he was a member
of the junta composed of the best pilots that could be brought together for the purpose
of passing upon and improving existing charts; and he was a member also of the
celebrated Badajoz Commission, in 1524. [^*] A map made by a man of his position
[30 ] Facs. in Facsimile-Atlas, PI. XLI. [3>] Facs. in Facsimile-Atlas, PI. XLIII.
[3 ■=] Facs. in Vittore Bellio, Nolicia delle piu antiche carte geograAche che se trovano in Italia, riguardante I'Am-
erica. Roma, 1892, Plate II. (Part IV, Vol. II of Raccolta di documenti e studi pubblicati delta R. Commissione
Columbiana.) [3^] Sketch in Harrisse, PI. XIX.
[33 ] This large map, which bears the inscription: "Ju Vespuchi, piloto desus mata. me fezit en seuj llaiio d. 1526,"
is in the possession of Mr. Bernard Quaritch, of London. See full description in his Catalogue, No. 332; published
July, 1914; and a separate pamphlet: W. Hack, Description of a Mappemonde by Juan Vespucci, etc. in ttie Possession
of Bernard Quaritcti, July, 1914; with a facsimile, which, however, does not show the entire East Coast. This map
was exhibited at the Naval Exhibition in Amsterdam, 1913. It is probably a holograph copy, and not the padron
real itself, as it does not bear the official seal of either the Pilot Major or the Casa de Contratacion. See Chap. VII,
note [46a], and corresponding text.
[34 ] See, for Juan Vespuccius: Harrisse, pp. 744-5. Harrisse knew only his small engraved world-map, dated
1524, and another edition without date (pp. 533, 534).
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY ii
and authority must be accepted as a document of the highest historical value, espe-
cially as it appears that the author was very careful to embody on this map only such
features as were, in his judgment, sufficiently established to justify such inclusion.
The delineation of the coast on his padron real, if we may assume that Mr.
Quaritch's map reproduces this document, extended from Florida north as far as
a point representing the most northerly exploration of Ayllon. On this stretch he
names the "Baia de Sa. Maria" and the "C. de Sa. Maria." Then there is a gap
in the coast-line, which is not again given until we reach the vicinity of the country
covered by the modern Nova Scotia. There is no trace of the explorations of
Sebastian Cabot, who claimed to have sailed along the entire extent of the East
Coast.
The existence of this hiatus, on such a map, greatly strengthens the probability
that no discoveries in the vicinity of New York Bay and Manhattan Island had
lately been made, or at least that none had become known, even to scholars, before
those which have rendered the year 1524 so memorable in our annals. Juan
Vespuccius, as official cartographer, with a practice extending over some fourteen
years, could hardly have been ignorant of such interesting discoveries, if they had
actually been made.
The first navigator known with certainty to have entered New York Bay is
Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine, who visited this neighbourhood in 1524, [3^]
and may, therefore, be acclaimed the discoverer of our bay. Sent by command of
Francis I, King of France, in search of a passage to Asia, Verrazzano sailed along the
Atlantic coast of North America, probably from South Carolina to Nova Scotia.
From his letter to the King, written at Dieppe, on July 8, 1524, after his return, it
appears certain that he entered New York Bay and saw the mouth of the Hudson
River. The date may be fixed at the middle of April. [3^]
After sighting the American continent in the neighbourhood of 34° N.L. (probably
just above Cape Fear), and coasting southward for 50 leagues, Verrazzano, observing
that the coast trended continually to the south and finding no harbour, turned again
to the north and, having made a brief excursion on shore at the point of his first
landfall, proceeded again northward along the coast, to which he gave the name of
the "Forest of Laurels," and the "Field of Cedars." Skirting the coast, which he
found turned to the east, as far as Cape Lookout, which he named "Annunciata,"
he "found an isthmus a mile in width and 200 long." These words accurately describe
the continuous sandbar separating the ocean from Pamlico and Albemarle Sounds,
which Verrazzano mistook for "the oriental sea . . . which is the one without
[3 5] See: Alessandro Bacchiani, Giovanni da Verrazzano and his Discoveries in North America and The History
of the Dauphine and its Voyage, in BoUetino della Societa Geografica Italiana. Roma, 1909, pp. 1274-1323. A
translation, with further explanatory notes by Edward Hagaman Hall, was published in the Fifteenth Annual Report
of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. Albany, 1910, pp. 134-226. This precious document, which
is the most complete and important record which we possess of Verrazzano's voyage, far surpassing the other two
known copies of Verrazzano's letter to Francis I, was found a few years since in the collection of Count Giulio Macchi
di Cellere, of Rome, from which fact it is known as the "Cellere Codex." It is now in the collection of J. P.
Morgan, Esq. From a careful comparison of the text with a map of the East Coast, it is quite clear that some mis-
taken deductions and attributions have been made, even by Bacchiani, concerning the course of Verrazzano's voyage
along our coast. See Chronology, 1524. Kohl's chapter on Verrazzano (Discov. of Maine, pp. 249-70) is also worth
reading. [3^] Kohl, p. 263.
12 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
doubt which goes about the extremity of India, China and Cathay." To the isthmus
he gave the name "Verrazanio."
After leaving Cape Lookout and passing Cape Hatteras, "following always the
shore, which turned somewhat to the north, [he writes] we came in the space of 50
leagues to another land which appeared much more beautiful and full of the largest
forrests." This is referred to as a land of vines, wild roses, violets, and lihes, and
corresponds with the Accomac Peninsula of Virginia.
Up to this time, it will be noticed, no mention is made of anchoring at night,
which probably accounts for Verrazzano's not having noticed the entrance to Chesa-
peake Bay, which, moreover, on account of its wide mouth and the oblique direction
of the river, has from the sea the appearance of a rather shallow indentation.
Having remained three days in the vine country, they proceeded "always skirting
the shore [the coast of Maryland] . . . which we baptized 'Arcadia' on account
of the beauty of the trees, towards the north and east, navigating by daylight and
casting anchor at night." Verrazzano next reached "a coast very green with forests,
but without ports, and with some charming promontories and small rivers. We
baptized the coast 'di Lorenna' [Delaware] . . . the first promontory 'Lanzone'
[Cape Henlopen], the second 'Bonivetto' [Cape May], the largest river 'Vandoma'
[The Delaware], and a small mountain which stands by the sea 'di S. Polo' [The
Navesink Highlands]."
"At the end of a hundred leagues [from the starting-point in 34°], we found a
very agreeable situation located within two small prominent hills [the Navesink
Highlands and the high ground at the east end of Staten Island], in the midst of
which flowed to the sea a very great river." This is the first time that Verrazzano
mentions hills in his account, and the Navesink Highlands are, indeed, the first hills of
any importance found on the whole stretch of coast from Florida northward. [^7]
Beyond these hills, he describes, "within the land about half a league [inside the
Narrows], a very beautiful lake with a circuit of about three leagues [the Upper
Bay]."
Verrazzano called the bay "Santa Margarita," and the river and the surrounding
land "Angoleme," all in honour of the royal family.[3^] In a small book ("uno libretto")
he collected technical observations made during his voyage, notably the longi-
tudinal distances and the movements of the tides. This "libretto" is unfortunately
lost.
Within a year after Verrazzano's visit, our coast was again explored, this time
by a Portuguese pilot in the service of the Emperor Charles V. This was Estevam
Gomez, who sailed from Corufia on August 3, 1524, and reached the North American
coast probably in September. He sailed along the coast from Newfoundland to
Cape May, and was perhaps in the vicinity of New York about the beginning of
May, 1525; though it is not anywhere stated that he saw New York Bay, or even
Long Island. We know that he was back in Spain in the latter half of 1525. [^9]
The explorations of these two voyagers are recorded, separately, on some impor-
tant contemporary maps, which we have now to consider.
[37] Kohl, p. 256; Hall, pp. 188, 189. [38] See a more complete account in the Chronology.
[39] For details, see Chronology, 1524-5.
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY 13
The discoveries of Verrazzano are found, first, on a map of the world by Vesconte
di Maggiolo, dating from 1527 (C. PI. 12); secondly, on a large sea-chart of the world
drawn by his brother Girolamo, five years after his visit, namely, in 1529 (C. PI. 13);
and thirdly, on a map of Nova Francia, in Ramusio, 1556 (C. PI. 14). ['^°] On the
second of these maps the coast-line is better defined than on Maggiolo's, and agrees
more fully with Verrazzano's letter to the King of France, in which he relates his
voyage; though all of the details are not given. In order to understand this map,
we must consider the delineation of the coast-line and the range of names separately,
as an extended study of sixteenth-century maps shows that cartographers were
not always careful in associating names and places in these little-known parts of
the world.
The coast-line on the Verrazzano Map, beginning with Florida, is extended to a
point where a western sea approaches the Atlantic within six leagues, and is there
separated from it only by a very narrow isthmus. The coast-line, continuing in a
general direction east-north-east, forms ten bays, in the seventh of which is placed
a triangular island, called "Luisa"; then the coast trends east to south till it reaches
a feebly pronounced cape with a long sand-bank extending therefrom to the east.
This sand-bank, indicated by dotted lines, is called "Armelline sirtes," and can,
without difficulty, be identified as Cape Cod, with the shoals in its vicinity. Assum-
ing this point as fixed, we see in the three or four small bays which form the coast
west of the cape the entrances to Buzzard's Bay and Narragansett Bay. The island
Luisa stands for Martha's Vineyard or Nantucket, and the large bay north-west of
it is the entrance to Long Island Sound. The form of the broad promontory between
this bay and the one following to the west clearly indicates the south coast of Long
Island. The next large bay must, then, be New York Bay.
Examining the nomenclature, we find a series of names, including "Angolesme,"
"Vendomo," "Navarra," — which, however, are placed too far to the north, so that
they are disassociated from the bay to which they should belong.
The map of Maggiolo shows many points of divergence, but it, also, has the long
sand-bank, called here "Armelines Siltes," and the island Luisa. The cape which
we identify with Cape Cod, is not named. The distance, moreover, between this cape
and Luisa is much greater than on the Verrazzano Map, and the coast-line is more
accentuated, and is accompanied by many islands. West of Luisa we find among
the names those of "B. S. Margarita," "Anguileme," "Normanvilla." These names
are placed near a bay, divided into two parts by two small projecting headlands. Into
the innermost of these bays empties a river. East of the bay is a large promontory,
where the name "Poll" occurs, which name was given by Verrazzano to the Nave-
sink Highlands. This delineation resembles in many respects that on the Ramusio
Map, and it requires no great effort of the imagination to recognise in these two bays a
generalisation of New York Harbour, although it is also possible that they were
intended to represent the mouth of the Delaware, which theory would better agree
with their location in relation to "Poll."
The map in Ramusio's compilation is, in some respects, even more distinct than
[40] This map was, for the first time, brought into direct relation with Verrazzano's discovery by Bacchiani
(see anU, note 35), p. 1323.
14
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Maggiolo's map. As this compiler states expressly, in his chapter treating of Ver-
razzano and other explorers of Nova Francia, that he had original information at
his disposal, derived from a great French sea-captain of Dieppe, ['•■'] the map of
Nova Francia, drawn by Gastaldi, which accompanies this part of his book, acquires
a special importance in relation to Verrazzano's discoveries. It is a curious repre-
sentation of the regions explored by the French, and does not shov/ any resem-
blance to the geography of Eastern Canada. Newfoundland is a large archipelago,
composed of many islands; the mainland is filled with pictures of Indian life; and a
river system, of small development, seems intended to suggest the St. Lawrence and
its tributaries.
The only names on the mainland are found along the southern shore; they are,
reading from west to east: "Angoulesme," "Flora," "Le Paradis," "Port Real,"
"Port du Refuge," and "C. de Breton" (the last name appearing twice). Here we
have the Verrazzano names, Angoulesme (Angoleme or Angolemme) and Port du
Refuge (Refugio). Angoulesme is placed near a circular bay, into which a large river
empties, and the entrance to which is closed by two headlands. Immediately east
of these headlands is another circular bay; then a broad promontory, nam.ed
"Flora"; then follow two bays separated by a narrow promontory ("Le Paradis");
again a promontory, extending farther into the sea, and then a larger bay, called
"Port du P..efuge." South of "Le Paradis" is an island named "Briso."
Examining this map, and remembering that Verrazzano gave the name "Ango-
leme" to the Hudson River, or rather to the country adjoining New York Bay, and
"Refugio" to Newport or Narragansett Bay, it is easy to recognise in the figuration
near Angoulesme, the Lower Bay of New York, with the Narrows and Upper Bay, and
Long Island (here called "Flora"). The figuration in this vicinity, as has already been
seen, resembles an indenture of the coast on the Maggiolo Map, where the Verrazzano
names "Anguileme," "B. S. Margarita", and "Poll" are inscribed. The next bay
would then represent the eastern entrance to Long Island Sound, with Block
Island, Nantucket, or Martha's Vineyard (here called "Luisa," this name having been
wrongly transcribed as "Briso" by the author of this map) a little farther to the
east. Next follow Narragansett Bay and Buzzard's Bay. ['^^l
I beHeve that Gastaldi reproduced his map from an original which came to him,
perhaps at second or third hand, from Verrazzano himself, and, influenced by the later
French explorations, placed the delineation of this entire section of the coast too
much to the east and north, locating it where Cartier made his explorations, and not
reaHsing that Verrazzano's had been made more to the west and south. Ramu-
sio's text['^3] explains that the explorations embodied in this map extend from 40°
[41] Kohl, p. 227.
[42] ProfessorBacchiani'sexpIanationof the Verrazzano names of the "Cellere Codex" differs somewhat from ours.
There is some difficulty in identifying Aloysia with Block Island. Verrazzano states that they reached the island,
sailing toward the East, and that they did not anchor there on account of the unfavourableness of the weather; but
that they came to another land, distant 15 leagues from the island, where they found a very beautiful port, etc. It
is evident that this port must lie west of the island, which leads us to identify Aloysia with Martha's Vineyard.
[43] Kohl, p. 227.
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY 15
to 47° N.L., and locates Verrazzano's discoveries directly west from Cape Breton. ['♦^^]
This is strong evidence for our designation of the bay near Angoulesme, which
would then be in the correct latitude of New York Bay, which is 41° 31'.
There is still another map, Italian Hke the three foregoing, which strongly sup-
ports our theory. ['^'^] It is an anonymous and undated map without title, represent-
ing a part of Nova Francia. In the extreme west it extends as far as C. de Arenas;
and in the east, almost to the extremity of Tierra del Laborador. It, therefore,
gives nearly the same coast-line as the Ramusio Map, though the delineation is quite
different, as are also the names. In a long inscription, it is, however, expressly stated
that the portions of the coast shown were discovered by Verrazzano: "Queste provin-
cie di Nova Francia et Norinbegga comprese nella gran provincia di Bacalaos, cosi
dette per il loro descroprimento [sic] del Capitt". Gio. Verazano Fiorentino madato
dair Re Franco [Franc?] di Francia "
We must call attention to the fact that all the maps showing Verrazzano's discov-
eries which we have as yet cited are Italian. We know that Verrazzano, after his
return, sent a report to the French King. The original report is lost, and no trace
of it has been found in the subsequent history of discoveries or cartography. But,
at the same time, he sent to Italy at least three other reports, differing more or less
in detail. These reports, which were probably accompanied by maps, made known
his discoveries in Italy, where they were recorded upon the earliest maps which we
know of these regions, — those of Maggiolo, of 1527, and of Girolamo da Verrazzano,
of 1529.
Soon after 1535, new French expeditions, under Carrier and others, made known
a considerable section of the North East Coast, including the region of Norumbega,
the exact location and confines of which are somewhat vaguely fixed, but which
corresponds generally with the territory now embraced within the state of Maine.
When the Italian cartographers became aware of these explorations, from their
delineation on French maps as French discoveries, it is very natural that they tried
to reconcile with them Verrazzano's discoveries, made for the French King, and
already found on their own Italian maps. This may explain why, on these latter
maps, our coast-line was drawn too far to the north or east, in the region explored by
the later French navigators.
An interesting variation of the Ramusio-type is found on a map in the sea-atlas
of Battista Agnese, preserved in the University Library of Bologna (Codex No. 997,
plates 8 and 9).['^^] Here we find the Verrazzano names "Arcadia," "Angoulesme,"
"Paradis," "P? Real," "P? del refuge," and "Brissa." These names, however, are
[43a] "Seguendo oltra al Capo de Brettoni v'e una terra contigua col detto capo, della quale la costa si stende
ponente et un quarto garbino fin alia terra della Florida, et dura bene 50oleghe, laqual costa fu scoperta Ijanni fa
per messer Giouanni da Verrazzano in nome del Re Francesco et di madamme la Reggente." Ramusio, Vol. Ill,
(ed. of 1565), p. 423, verso.
[44 ] Profile on C. PI. 17. The map is reproduced in whole in Remarkable Maps, Amsterdam, Frederik Muller &
Co., 1894, Part I, No. 13. I believe this map to be one of the sheets of a large unknown map of America in several
sheets. As there exists a large map of Africa by Gastaldi, in eight sheets, reproduced in Periplus, PI. XLVI, and, as
there is recorded a similar large map of Asia, by Abr. Ortelius, also in eight sheets (see Jean Denuce, Oud-Nerlandsche
Kaartmakers in Betrekking met Plantijn, Antwerpen, 1913, Vol. II, p. 21), there is nothing forced in the conjecture
that there existed as well such a map of America. Moreover, large maps of America are mentioned in sixteenth-
century documents (see Denuce, Vol. II, Index, under America).
[45 ] Outline-sketch on C. PI. 17; facsimile in Kretschraer, Pis. XXIII and XXIV.
r6 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
not found on the south coast of the unnamed country of Nova Scotia, but on the east
coast, almost exactly where Verrazzano made his discoveries. There is, however,
another mistake, inasmuch as C. Breton appears close to "P? del refuge."
In G. Ruscelli's Expositioni et introduttioni universali sopra tutta la geografia di
Tolomeo, Venetia, 1561, map No. 32, "Tierra nueva de los Bacalaos trentesimase-
conda tavola nuova," shows a resemblance to the Ramusio Map; the rivers are very
similar, and it has the following names: "Larcadia," "Angoulesme," "Flora," "Le
Paradis," "P. Real," "Brisa," "Pt. Refuge." [«]
Having submitted to the judgment of the reader my reasons for believing that
New York Bay and its vicinity are represented on Ramuslo's map, I must add, for
the benefit of those who are still unconvinced, that each of the four Italian maps
above cited either includes Verrazzano's name or contains names bestowed by him,
thus proving his connection with them.
We have now to consider the maps which record only secondary knowledge of
Verrazzano's voyages.
As the coast-line drawn after Verrazzano's explorations does not present any
prominent distinguishing features, such as the large estuary and cape of the Ribero-
type (see C. PI. 10), it was more subject to deterioration, and is, therefore, not so
easily recognised. It is the names rather than the conformation that show the influ-
ence of Verrazzano.
Many maps show the "Verrazzano-sea," which was copied by succeeding map-
makers for more than a generation — the map of America, for instance, in the Ptolemy
published at Basle in 1530, [•^] which has also the name "Francisca," located In
Nova Scotia. This map, furthermore, possesses the curious feature of a strait
between Francisca and "Terra nova sive de Bacalhos," with the Inscription: "Per hoc
fretu[m] Iter patet ad Molucas."
The Carta Marina, in Gastaldl's Ptolemy, I548,['^''] has also the Verrazzano-sea,
which proves that Gastaldi possessed Information regarding Verrazzano, a further
argument in favour of our interpretation of the Ramusio Map, which was drawn by
Gastaldi. This sea Is here placed more to the north, that Is, nearer to Nova Scotia,
where the same author (In Ramusio) drew Verrazzano's discoveries. The same sea
occurs also on the Ballly Globe, i53o;[+^] on the Ruscelll Map of I544;['*9] on the
Ulpius Globe,[5°] which has the Inscription "Verrazana sive Nova Gallia a Verrazano
Florentino comperta anno sal. M.D" (the date not further filled in); on the Jomard
Map, of about 1550; [^°^] and on the maps of the world drawn by Calapoda, 1552 [5']
and 1563. [5^]
On the map of America, of Munster,[53] published In 1540, the Verrazzano-sea Is
much reduced in size. The author of this map locates Francisca In Canada.
[46] Facsimile in Facsimile-Atlas, p. 113.
[47] Outline-sketch on C. PI. 17; facsimile in Facsimile-Atlas, No. 45c.
[48] Outline-skctcli on C. PI. 17; facsimile in Ludwig Rosenthal's Catalogue No. 100, item 1723. This globe is
now owned by J. P. Morgan, Esq. [49 ] Sketch in Kohl, p. 296.
[so] Outline-sketch on C. PI. 17. See also: Justin Winsor, Narrative and Critical History of America. Boston
and New York, 1889, Vol. IV, p. 42. [soa] Sketch in Winsor, Vol. IV, p. 88.
[SI] Facs. in Pcriplus, PI. XXVI. [5 J ] Facs. in Kretschmer, PI. XXII.
[S3] Outline-sketch on C. PI. 17; Winsor, Vol. IV, p. 41.
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY 17
This "Terra Francisca" is found also on the Nancy Globe, dated about 1550; [5+]
and an inscription, "Francisca nup[er] lustrata," occurs on a cordiform map of the
world by Orontius Finaeus, engraved on copper by Cimerlinus, I566.[55] The coast-
line of this map has httle detail, but shows two large islands near the coast, in the
vicinity of Cape Cod. As the general map in Ramusio (Vol. Ill, p. is66)[5^] has no
names along our coast, and as the coast-line is very indifferent, it is hard to say whether
it has been influenced by Verrazzano.
Lastly, I feel inclined to recognise Verrazzano's influence on those maps on which
the coast-line of Maine and Nova Scotia has acquired an exaggerated length, as is the
case on the Harleian Mappemonde, ascribed to the year I536,[57] on Cabot's map,
I544,[S^] on the large world-map engraved by JuHus de Musis, in Venice, in I5S4,[^^^]
and on the map of North America by Zalterius, 1566. [59]
For a revival of the idea of Verrazzano's sea, see page 38.
The original maps based upon Gomez's voyage give quite a different repre-
sentation of the East Coast.
EsTEVAM Gomez, [^°] a pilot of the Casa de Contratacion, of Seville, accompanied
Magellan on his circumnavigation of the globe, as the pilot of the Vice- Admiral;
and it was under his direction that the vessel "San Antonio," which went astray
from the two other ships of the expedition, returned safely to Spain, where his merits
were acknowledged in the year 1534, when he was knighted. [^'] Gomez was one of
the leading men of his time in Spain, in matters of navigation.
Though Magellan had found a western route to the Molucca Islands, this way was
so difficult and dangerous that the practical results of his expedition were very meagre.
It was, therefore, only natural that the idea of the possibility of a passage through the
northern parts of America was again advanced, and that Gomez was charged with
the leadership of a new expedition in search of such a passage. In 1523 (March 27),
Charles V contracted, in Valladolid, with Gomez for such a voyage, and the latter,
at the end of 1524 or at the commencement of 1525, sailed out of the port of Corufia,
on the northern coast of Spain.
Unfortunately, we have only very incomplete information concerning this voyage,
as the original journal of Gomez is lost.[^^] The earliest information that we know
[54 ] Facs. in Periplus, p. 159. [55] Facs. in Facsimile-Atlas, p. 89.
[56 ] Facs. in Periplus, p. 163.
[57 ] Outline-sketcli on C. PI. 19; facsimile in Crawford, Autotype Facsimiles of Three Mappemondes, Map A
Aberdeen, 1898, folio.
[58 ] Outline-sketch on C. PI. 18; for literature see Lowery Collection (full title in note 65), No. 44.
fjSa] See page 28.
(59 ] Facsimile in Facsimile-Atlas, p. 129. [6°] See Harrisse, p. 229 et seq.
[6' ] Jean Denuce, Magellan, in tome IV, Deuxieme Serie, Memoires, Academie Royale de Belgique. Bruxelles,
1911, p. 291.
[62 ] Buckingham Smith claimed that Gomez's Journal existed in the still unpublished " Islario General " of
Andrez Garcia de Cespedes. This is a manuscript preserved in the Bibliotheca Nacional in Madrid, folio size, with
coloured maps; numbered J.92. Harrisse had this manuscript carefully examined, with the result that the reference of
Buckingham Smith was found not to apply. I may add that a personal examination in Madrid not only confirmed
Harrisse's conclusions {The Discov. of N. Am., p. 230), but showed that the manuscript of Cespedes is nothing else than
a manuscript of the Islario de Alonso de Santa Cruz. The name of this author has been erased and replaced by that
of Cespedes. See a full description of this manuscript by Ridolfo R. Schuller, Acerca del "Yslario general" de
Alonso de Santa Cruz, in: Proceedings of the XVI II. Session of the International Congress of Americanists. London.
1913. Vol. II, pp. 415-32. A careful comparison of the text of this manuscript with the text printed by Harrisse,
1 8 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
of is given by the Spanish historian Oviedo, in his Stimario, 1526, from which source
we learn that the voyage extended from the northern parts of America, beginning
near the land of the "Bacallaos", that it followed a westerly course, and terminated
at a point somewhere in the neighbourhood of 40° or 41° N.L.[^^] A more circum-
stantial account of Gomez's voyage was written by one of his colleagues, Alonso de
Santa Cruz, but not earlier than 1560. This account was given by him in his Islario
general del mundo, from which source it is known that Gomez discovered a large river,
which he called "Rio de las Gamas," that he sailed in a westerly direction till his
explorations touched those of the Hcentiate, Ayllon, and that one of the principal
animals found in the regions which he visited was the beaver. ['^]
From this scanty information it is hardly possible to locate exactly Gomez's dis-
coveries, although three facts are pretty definitely established: namely, the discovery
of a large river, the direction of the voyage from east to west — the most westerly
point reached being about 40° or 41° N.L.- — and, as an additional aid for identi-
fication, the existence of beavers in these regions.
Now, again, we must look to the maps, and see whether they, perhaps, may aid
in substantiating these facts.
The Planisphere of Mantova, also styled the Castiglioni Map, and completed in
1525 (C. Pis. 7 and 8), the anonymous Weimar Map of 1527 (C. PI. 9), and the
Ribero Map of 1529 (C. PI. 10), all of which mention the discoveries of Estevam
Gomez in 1525, delineate a coast-line which is very much alike on all three. The
principal features are an important estuary filled with islands, from which the coast
extends in a large curve to the south-west, where it forms a long, narrow cape, trend-
ing to the north. The extremitv of this cape lies, on Ribero's map, between 40° and
4i°N.L.
Diego Ribero [^^] became, in 1523, "cosmografo" of the Casa de Contratacion,
and his name is thereafter often mentioned in connection with the construction of
the large padron real or model chart for the navigation to the Indies. If his map is
not actually a padron real it is at least a copy of one. [^^] It gives, along the entire
eastern coast of North America, the names of the discoverers of each stretch, so
that from south to north we find the names of Ayllon, Esteva Gomez, and Cortereal.
On the coasts of Labrador the English are mentioned as the discoverers.
Each of these names on the Ribero Map is accompanied by a somewhat extensive
description, which unfortunately is so placed inland on the map, that it does not
distinctly indicate where one discovery ceases and the next begins, and, as we are
not completely informed as to the names given by the different explorers, it is impos-
from the Vienna manuscript shows a number of variations, from a study of which it appears that the Madrid
text is the better. The most important difference is found at the end of Harrisse's quotation, in which the
islands discovered by Ayllon are located in 43° and 44° N.L.; the Madrid manuscript has "quarante y quatro
y quarante y cinco," the discoveries along our coast being placed one degree higher than in Harrisse's transcript of
the Vienna text.
[63] " Fue a la parte del Norte, i hallo mucha Tierr?, continuada con la que se llama de los Bacallaos, discurriendo
al Occidente, i puesta en quaranta Grados, i quaranta i uno, i asi algo mas, i algo menos."
[64] Harrisse, pp. 234-6.
[6s] See Harrisse, The Discov. of N. Am., Index of names; Manuel de la Puente y Olea, pp. 294, 305 et seq.; and
for further literature: Woodbury Lowery, The Lowery Collection, a Descriptive List of Maps of the Spanish Possessions
within the Present Limits of the United States, 1502-1820. Ed. with notes by P. Lee Phillips. Washington, 1912,
Nos. 31 and 58. [65a] See Chapter VII, note [460] and corresponding text.
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY 19
sible to determine exactly the boundaries of the tract which it was intended to ascribe
to Gomez.
It is generally accepted that the "Arcipielago de Estevan Gomez," on these maps,
is the group of islands which extend along the coast of Maine, west of the Penobscot
River. As we follow along this archipelago, first to the west and then to the south,
till we reach the large cape, the coast does not present any prominent details, although
there are many rivers and small islands. Whereas some students recognise in this
prominent headland Cape Cod, others have preferred to identify it with the eastern
extremity of Long Island, or even Sandy Hook. (See De Costa, Cabo de Arenas and
Cabo de Baxos.) For my part, I can see in it nothing else than Cape Cod, the first large
projection of the coast which a sailor encounters on his course from Penobscot River
to the west or south. If this cape was intended to represent Sandy Hook, we must
ask why the very comphcated formation of the coast between Cape Cod and Sandy
Hook should have been completely omitted, and nothing shown of Nantucket,
Martha's Vineyard, or Long Island; but, on the contrary, east of this large cape,
a sand-bank, which extends along the coast till it reaches a point a short distance north
of Florida. This sand-bank, which is very distinctly drawn on the Peter Martyr
map of 1534, the first printed map on which the discovery of Gomez is given (C. PI. 7),
seems to me to be intended as a generalisation of the shoals of Cape Cod, the bank
of Virginia, and all the other obstructions which are encountered in navigating along
the coast south of Cape Cod. The presence of this sand-bank on the Ribero Map
makes very probable the hypothesis that the large cape represents Cape Cod.
In the undated planisphere of Mantova, preserved by the Castiglioni family,
and referred to above, the coast-line between Florida and Nova Scotia was
originally left blank. It thus presented the same conformation as the Vespuccius-
map of 1526, in the possession of Bernard Quaritch. (See page 10.) This coast-
line was filled in on the map in 1525, after Gomez's discovery in that year. This
fact appears from the inscription accompanying this added portion of the coast:
"Tierra que descubrio Estevam Gomez este aiio de 1525 por mandado de su Mages-
tad." Examining this added portion, from east to west, we see first an indefinite
coast-line, extending in a westerly direction till it reaches a large estuary full of islands,
stretching to the northward. From this estuary the coast-line is given in more detail,
with small rivers, bays, and islands; and some names are found upon it. West of the
large estuary the coast extends in a broad sweep to the southward, and ends in a
narrow promontory stretching to the north; from this point to Florida the coast-
line resumes the same indefiniteness that it has east of the large estuary.
The Weimar Map, dated 1527, gives nearly the same coast-line as the Castiglioni
Map; it gives also the same names, but adds, to the south: "C. de Arenas" and
"C. de S. Juhan," and still farther south, "tierra del Hcenciado ayllon." It is not
clear whether these two capes belong to Gomez's discovery or to Ayllon's
The correspondence between these three maps (Ribero-Castiglioni- Weimar), each
of which has, in some respects, a distinct character of its own, independent of the
others, makes it very probable that the stretch of coast here given goes back to the
deUneation which Gomez brought home, which delineation includes the large cape
in the form of a long, narrow tongue of land, or hook.
20 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
We know, from Oviedo and Alonso de Santa Cruz, that Gomez sailed from north
to south. In no known source is his landfall given, but, judging from Ribero's map,
we may assume it to have been between the Penobscot River and Cape Breton. The
first fixed point of his route seems to be the Penobscot. If from this point we follow
Gomez's probable course on a modern map, we see him skirting along the coast with-
out encountering any serious difficulties, sighting many islands and mouths of rivers,
until, reaching Cape Cod Bay, his route, the direction of which has changed from west
to south, is suddenly checked by a stretch of land trending to the east; still following
the coast-line, he is soon obliged to steer a northerly course, until he reaches the north-
ern extremity of the cape. Having passed this point and again turned south, he
encounters numerous shoals, and fearing to become once more embayed or to be caught
upon a sand-bank, he leaves the coast, probably between 41° and 40° N.L., and lays a
straight course to the coast north of Florida, or perhaps returns directly to Europe.
This hypothesis would preclude the possibility that Gomez visited New York Bay
or its vicinity. It is, however, possible that, having safely cleared Cape Cod and
its shoals, he again steered to the west and hugged the shore; in which case he may
have passed within sight of Sandy Hook — -an hypothesis which, however, on the whole,
seems rather unlikely. It is interesting in this connection to recall the fact that
Hudson, after reaching Cape Cod, followed the first course here suggested.
From the considerations mentioned above, it seems to me that this large cape of
the Ribero and other similar maps may be pretty safely identified as Cape Cod. In
view of these considerations, it is also evident that we cannot reasonably expect, on
maps delineating Gomez's discoveries, to find a representation of either Manhattan
Island or New York Bay. If the Weimar Map, as well as the Ribero Map, were
not official maps, they were, in any case, as has already been pointed out, copies of
such maps; and, therefore, it seems safe to assume that this cape appeared exactly in
the same form on the padron real. [^^]
Let us pause here for a moment to compare and analyse the Verrazzano and
the Gomez cartography of our coast.
The explanation of the difference between the Verrazzano-type and the Gomez-
type perhaps lies in the fact, that Gomez, coming from the north, and tacking
along the coast, was embayed by Cape Cod, which he, therefore, very distinctly
noted; whereas Verrazzano, approaching from the south, evidently kept off shore
and, therefore, missed the cape itself, although he clearly records, under the name
"Armellini" ("Armelline sirtes," on the map), the extensive shoals lying to the south
and east of it. A glance at a modern map shows that the cape itself is not nearly
so prominent when approached from the south as from the north. That Gomez does
not give any information regarding the coast west of Cape Cod might be explained
[66] We have already remarked that B. F. de Costa held another opinion, seeing in this large cape Sandy Hook,
and giving to it the name of "Cabo de Arenas." We have carefully weighed his arguments, but have not been convinced ;
first, because new material, unknown to De Costa, permits a closer reconstruction of Chaves's lost map than that
given by him, and second, because it now appears that the large cape did not originally bear the name of Cabo de
Arenas. We have taken the opportunity to elucidate this latter fact in the course of our argument. As, how-
ever, in this field of investigation, the available documents do not justify positive deductions, we recommend to
those who prefer to judge for themselves the reading of De Costa's interesting monographs: Cabo de Arenas and
Cabo de Baxos.
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY 21
by supposing that he feared the shoals, which must have been clearly visible as he
sailed by the cape, and therefore, having first stood well out to sea, struck as straight
a course as possible for Cape Hatteras.
The two characteristic points in the representation of Gomez's discoveries, as
recorded, for instance, on the Ribero Map, are the large river full of islands (the Penob-
scot), at the north-eastern extremity of the great curved bay, and the well-pronounced
headland (Cape Cod), at its southern extremity. The special features emphasised
by the Verrazzano cartography, as shown, for instance, on the Maggiolo Map, are
the two bays, "S. Margherita" or "Angoleme, " and "Refugio." Verrazzano, com-
ing from the south, entered New York Bay and noted the direction of the south coast
of Long Island, without determining its insularity, but obtained only a scanty and
imperfect knowledge of the Cape Cod peninsula, of which he saw only the southern
coast and the outlying shoals.
The explorations of Gomez, stretching in a southerly direction from the Penob-
scot to Cape Cod, and those of Verrazzano, extending northward to the same point,
consequently form a complete whole, and a combination of the two would have given
a fairly accurate representation of the eastern coast-line from New York Bay to the
Penobscot River; there is, however, no map known on which this combination was
effected; on the contrary, most cartographers coming after Verrazzano and Gomez
did not attempt to reconcile these two representations; or, when they did, succeeded
only in further confusing the existing knowledge regarding our coast, which con-
fusion grew rather than diminished during the course of the sixteenth century. The
only positive effect of these explorations on cartography is that the maps made after
1525 delineate, in general, a continuous coast-line from Florida to Cape Breton. The
first printed map showing this feature is believed to be Franciscus Monachus's small
world-map, published in one of his treatises, in 1526 (C. PI. 6). [^^^]
A comparison of our coast-line, as it appears on nearly all the later maps of the
sixteenth century, proves conclusively that they reflect only a secondary know-
ledge of the facts, for which facts we must go back to Verrazzano and Gomez. We
have seen, too, that Gomez's discoveries were embodied on the padron real.
Although this official model was under the constant supervision of the "piloto
mayor" and his official assistants — "cosmografos" and "maestros de hacer cartas" —
in Seville, [ 7] it is but natural, as means of communication were slow, that it should
often have preserved for a time details which had been proved to be erroneous by
new explorations. This led the Spanish King and German Emperor, Charles V, to
determine upon a general revision, which was begun in accordance with a royal
Cedula, issued on October 6, 1526, in which Diego Ribero, Hernando Colon,
Nuno Garcia de Toreno, and other distinguished cartographers took part; but,
apparently, it was not until some time after May 20, 1535, on which date Queen
Isabella of Portugal called upon Fernando Columbus to cause the all-important
map to be at once completed, that the revised padron real, thenceforward known as
the padron general was at last finished.
[66a] See Map Descriptions, under date of 1526.
[67 ] See the interesting chapter on the work of the padron real, in Manuel de la Puente y Oiea, p. 308 et seq.;
also Harrisse, yoA« Cabot, the Discoverer 0} North America and Sebastian his Son, London, 1896, and our Chapter
VII, note ['iSa] and corresponding text.
22 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Probably this was not actually accomplished until the following year, for we
know that, in 1536, a junta of pilots and cosmographers was called together in
Seville by Juan Suarez de Carvajal, "del consejo de las Yndias." In the chapter
on longitude, in his Islario, Alonso de Santa Cruz speaks of this junta, and says that
its object was to compose a very correct sea-chart, which should be the model from
which all maps for navigating the Indies could be copied. [^^] The result of this
junta must have been the padron general drawn by Alonso de Chaves in that
year.
Chaves had been, since 1528, "cosmografo piloto mayor y maestre de hacer cartas
y instrumentos con encargo de corrigir el padron real de Indias." His newly corrected
padron remained the Spanish standard map for many years. Unfortunately, this
map has been lost, and was until quite recently known to us only by the reference to
it found in Oviedo's Historia de las Indias, written probably in 1537, but not published
until the nineteenth century. [^9]
In this work Oviedo gives a description of the coast, following Chaves's map,
as he expressly states. Attempts have been made, notably by J. G. Kohl [7°] and
by B. F. de Costa,[7'] to reconstruct the East Coast from this description of Chaves's
map, but these have necessarily failed. It is evident that no really serious effort
has yet been made to compare Oviedo's text with existing maps, or rather that no
maps have yet been found corresponding closely with that text.
Recently, however, two fortunate discoveries have been made, in Italy and in
Spain, by the present writer, which make it now possible to state, with much pre-
cision, how our coast was represented on Chaves's map.
The first of these discoveries was made in Florence, in the Museo degli Strumenti
Antichi, where, through the kindness of the Director, Prof. A. Lo Surdo, I was allowed
to make a thorough search in all departments of the Museum, in one of which I found
a large, undescribed chart of the world, on vellum, drawn in Lisbon by Lopo Homem,
in 1554 (C. PI. 11). Comparing the coast-line on this map, from the mouth of the
Mississippi to Penobscot Bay, with Oviedo's text, we see at once so complete and
striking a correspondence that there can be no reasonable doubt that, at least for
the East Coast, Lopo Homem copied exactly Chaves's chart.
This "find" acquires a still greater importance when considered in connection
with a new discovery made in Madrid in the spring of the present year (1914). In
the Real Academia de la Historia, a manuscript of Alonso de Chaves is preserved,
which contains a theoretical work on astronomical and nautical matters, called
"quadripartitu[m] en cosmographia pratica," or "Espeio de navegantes." At the
end of this work there is a complete description of the American coasts, also composed
by Chaves. Here we have an original docurhent, greatly exceeding in value Oviedo's
text, which till now was the only source from which we knew of this very important
map of Chaves. We give, at the end of this chapter, as an Addendum Note, a descrip-
[68] "El licenciado Ixuarez de Carvajal . . . mando juntar todos los pilotos que en aquel tiempo se pudieron
hallar en la dicha ciudad [Seville] para que juntamente con los cosmographos y maestros de hazer cartas se pudiese
per sus diclios hazer una carta de marear muy precisa que fuese patron para se poder por ella todas las cartas con que
se oviesen de navegar a las Indias occidentales." Islario de Santa Cruz, MS., Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid.
See also Harrisse, Disc, of N. Am., p. 268.
(69] See Harrisse, pp. 631-6. [T>] Discov. of Maim, pp. 307-1^.
[71] Cabo de Arenas, New York, 1885. Reprinted from the New England Hist, and General Register.
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY 23
tion of this manuscript, and a comparison of Chaves's text, Lopo Homem's map (as
representing Chaves's lost map), and Oviedo's text. Here we state our conclusion
that the principal alteration made by Chaves on the padron real, as it was drawn by
Ribero, consisted of a change made in the form given to the large cape of Ribero's
map, which, on the newly discovered map of Lopo Homem, in accordance with
Chaves's description, has lost its long, narrow shape, and has been so extended as to
form a large, nearly right-angled promontory. Further, the "baya de San Christo-
val" and the "Baya de San Antonio," of Ribero's map, have been placed in closer
proximity to each other, and nearer to the large cape; and the latter has become
"Rio de San Antonio." As for the rest, it seems fair to assume that Chaves pre-
served Ribero's representation.
What reason had Chaves to change these details on his padron general} Had a
new discovery been made in these regions, or was he in possession of more material
than Ribero had, possibly new information derived from Gomez's voyage.? We
cannot here attempt to give a positive answer to these questions, because of a
lack of original documents, but must content ourselves by noting the various circum-
stances that might have influenced Chaves, thereby indicating the direction in which
the problem may, perhaps, be solved by some future investigator.
We must see first what voyages along our coast are recorded during the years
from 1525 to 1536, and must determine whether there are indications, even the
slightest, of ships having visited this part of the East Coast; and in this examina-
tion we must be careful to include negative evidence.
In 1527, two English ships, "The Mary of Guilford" and "The Samson," sailed
from Plymouth, for the discovery of a North West Passage. It may be assumed that
Robert Thome, an English merchant residing that year in Seville, was one of the
promoters of this expedition (see outline of Thome's map, C. PI. 17). The ships
sailed toward Newfoundland, but did not go farther south than 53°. We hear nothing
more about "The Samson"; but of "The Mary of Guilford," commander Master
John Rut,it is recorded that she entered a good port in Newfoundland, on August 3d;
that she returned by the coasts of Newfoundland, Cape Breton, and Norumbega,
after entering the ports of those regions, landing men, and examining into the condi-
tion of the country; and that she finally returned to England at the beginning of
October. [7^] Kohl has shown that it is very probable that this ship was the same as
the English ship mentioned in 1527 by Oviedo, off Porto Rico, to which record Herrera
adds that, coming from the north, it had coasted as far south as the river of Chicora
("hasta el Rio de Chicora"), and from this river had come over to Porto Rico.
The name of Chicora is mentioned in connection with Ayllon's expeditions, in
1521 and 1526, and corresponds to the Carolinas of our time. The name must be
derived from the Indian called Francisco Chicora, whom Ayllon brought back with
him to Spain. Lopez de Gomara cites "Rio Jordan en tierra de Chicora. "[^3] This
is the same as the "Rio de Chicora" of Herrera. We know nothing further of the
direction of Rut's route, and are absolutely uncertain as to where he landed.
Between 1526, the date of Ayllon's expedition, and 1529, the date of Ribero's
[72] From Hakluyt and Purchas. See Kohl, p. 281 et seq.
[73] Harrisse, pp. 198, 204.
24 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
map, Kohl mentions no other explorer who sailed along this part of the coast in the
neighbourhood of the large cape. [7+]
In 1528, an English ship is mentioned at the Isla de la Mona, going to Es-
panola.[^^]
In the Archivo general de Indias, at Seville, are preserved lists of ships going to
America ("Registros de ida"), as well as Hsts of returning ships ("Registros de
venida"). In the lists covering the years 1526 to 1536, no ship is mentioned as
going to, or coming from the part of the East Coast which we have under considera-
tion. For the sake of rendering our information on this subject as complete as pos-
sible, I have noted also all the ships mentioned in these registers as coming from, or
going to San Domingo and its vicinity. It is hoped that these Hsts (given as Note 76)
may serve as a guide to further investigations. If there was any official Spanish ship
on our coast during these years, it probably is included on one of these Hsts.
We are left entirely in the dark as to any exploring which may have been done
by these ships; but if, as seems necessary, we accept the hypothesis that Chaves used
new material, still unknown when Ribero's chart was made, we may assume that it
was brought home by one or more of these ships; and it is obvious that this may as
well have been in the form of a coast-description, or "derrotero," as of a map.
In Mr. Stokes's collection, there is a nautical manuscript in Italian, on vellum,
which, by the character of its handwriting as well as from internal evidence, has
been assigned to the second quarter of the sixteenth century. Along with several
astronomical tables and some technical instructions, it contains a short description
of the principal coasts and islands of the world, with the distances expressed in miles.
In this description the only historical fact mentioned is the capture of the Island of
Rhodes by the Turks (in 1522), which statement furnishes reason for beHeving that
the manuscript was written shortly after this event, to warn mariners of a hostile
occupation of this important island and seaport.
[74] Kohl, p. 399-
[75] "Relacion delo executado por una Nao Inglesa que estaba en la Isla de la Mona e iba para la Espanola
1528." Sevilla, Archivo general de Indias, Est. 2, Caj. S, Leg. 1/20, No. i, ramo I.
[76] Registros De Ida.
1526, nao la Magdalena, mtre. Gines de Carrion para Puerto rico y Santo Domingo.
1526, caravela Santa Maria de la Antigua, mtre Pedro Sanchez para Santo Dom°.
1530, nao Santa Maria de la Concepcion, mtre Bartholome Perez para Santo Domingo.
1534, Pedro Martin mtre de la nao Na. Sa. de Monsarrate [to Santo Domingo].
Registros De Venida.
[From Santo Domingo.]
1533, Antonio Diaz mtre de la nao Santa Maria de Regla.
1533, Francisco Galdomez mtre de la nao Sta. Maria de la Concepcion.
1533, Franc^o Rodriguez Zano mtre de la nao Sn. Nicolas.
[From Puerto Rico.]
1528, Diego Marquez mtre de la nao Regina coeli.
1533, Martin Sanchez mtre de la nao S. Sebastian.
[From Vera Cruz and San Juan de Ulua.]
1530, Franc^o Camacho mtre de la nao la Victoria.
[From Santa Marta.]
1533, Vicente Roldan mtre del galeon San Salvador.
1533, Pedro Fernandez Cabron mtre del galeon San Anton.
[From Nombre de Dios.]
1533, Blasio de Lapazara mtre de la nao Santa Maria de la Concepcion.
1537, Juan Sanchez mtre de la nao la Magdalena.
From Index to the papers of the Casa deConlratacion, Archivo general de Indias, Sevilla, 4 vols. fol. MS., Vol. Ill
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY 25
This interesting document contains the following description of the east coast of
North America:
"Terra del laborator nel mare occeano occidentali alia parte del septentrione si
di longa verso ponente Ma. 2000 et e lontana de la hibernia Ma. 1800 piega verso
ostro o Garbino e fa un stretto o canale di directo al stretto di Gibeltar col mondo
novo e detto canale e longo Ma. 300 e largo Ma. 30 nel piu largo dal stretto di Gibeltar
a questo canale sono Ma. 3620, da questo al Cataio Ma. 2500.
"11 die suo bore 18 ha di el 9.60: nel 9 clima 20 parallelo.
"Spagnola isola si lontana da quello del lavorator verso ostro Ma. 1800 dal stretto
di Gibeltar Ma. 2400 da tramontana i sua longeza Ma. 830 per levante i sua largeza
Ma. 340 nel cUma 3 al 7 paralello. II die hore 13^ di elevatione gradi 27 seu gradus 20-0."
These words are certainly suggestive of a continuous voyage — from Ireland to
Labrador, thence along our coast to Hispaniola, and thence to the Strait of Gibraltar;
and the distances given are interesting and suggestive, as is also the reference to the
Gulf Stream.
This manuscript suggests the idea that unknown navigators in our waters may
have sailed on some of the above-mentioned ships, or on others, and that their reports
may have induced Chaves to alter the well-established image of the coast, given by
Ribero, and based upon the voyage of Gomez. Or, on the other hand, the above-
cited passage of this manuscript may, perhaps, be an allusion to John and Sebastian
Cabot's second voyage, in 1498. Sebastian Cabot, as Peter Martyr states: "coactus
fuit, uti ait, vela vertere et Occidentem sequi, tetenditque tamen ad Meridiem,
littore sese incurvante, ut Herculei freti latitudinis fere gradus aequarit ad
Occidentemque profectus tantum est, ut Cubam insulam a leva longitudine graduum
pene parem habuerit."[77] It is interesting to observe that we have here the same
combination of the east coast of North America and the Strait of Gibraltar. If our
second supposition were true, we should, perhaps, possess, in this manuscript,
information derived from the lost journals of Cabot's voyage.
Another derrotero, preserved in the Archivo general de Indias, at Seville, the
date of which cannot be exactly determined, but which probably belongs to this same
period, gives the distances, in miles, along the entire eastern coast of North and South
America, including the stretch from "la punta de Bacalaos" to "la Florida." This
derrotero, too, may indicate a continuous voyage along our coast, but the data
furnished by it do not permit of the precise geographical location of the names which
it contains. [7^]
Although the records of explorations during the years immediately preceding
Chaves's map are very scanty, they furnish sufficient reason to justify the belief
that Chaves had at his disposal, when delineating the East Coast, more material
than Ribero. This is especially true when we consider that many explorers and
[77] Petrus Martyr ab Angleria, De orbe novo. Decas tenia. Cap. sextum. We cite the printed edition: Com-
pluti, 1530. (Copy in the University Library of Amsterdam.) There are some slips in Harrisse's quotation {Discov.
of N. Am., p. 43), and the sentence is not given in full, so that it is unintelligible.
[78] "Memoria de las leguas y altura que tienen los Cabos y bayas desde el Cabo del Labrador, fasta el Estrecho
de Magallanes, por la costa de la mar del Norte." Copy, from the original in Archivo general de Indias, at Seville, by
Navarrete, Tom. 28, No. 15, Deposito Hidrografico, Madrid.
See data tabulated in comparison with Chaves's description, in the Addendum Note following this chapter.
26 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
navigators are known to have been in these parts, although no record of them has
come down to us.[75]
Let us now review, briefly, what is known of the work of Spanish cartographers
in Europe during the same years (1525-36).
From the following cartographers, living during these years in Spain, work has
come down to us: Diego Ribero, Alonso de Santa Cruz, Nufio Garcia de Toreno,
Sebastian Cabot. All four knew Estevam Gomez, personally, and might have used
material procured by him.
We have already examined Ribero's map. On the map ascribed to Nufio Garcia
de Toreno (the Venice Map of 1534, C. PI. 7), which was pubHshed before Chaves's
map, we find exactly the same representation as on Ribero's and on the Castiglioni
Map; and we have the same on the globe-gores of Alonso de Santa Cruz, of 1542
(C. PL 18), though this map was published after that of Chaves. Sebastian Cabot,
however, on his world-map of 1544 (C. PI. 18) gives the Chaves-type.
If we add the Wolfenbuttel Map B, [^°] which closely follows Ribero, we shall have
reviewed all of the maps made before Chaves's padron general, and they all give the
Ribero-type.
Now, it is very interesting to note that Cabot presented, in 1533, a new sea-chart
to the Indian Council; [ ] and it is possible that Chaves was influenced principally
by this chart to change the coast-line of Ribero.
Cabot had at his disposal, for this part of the coast, material derived from his
own voyages and from those of his father, and it is possible that map-material from
Rut's expedition may also have come into his hands; but, as his credit does not stand
high, the changes made by him may, as well as not, be accepted as distortions based
upon peculiar personal interpretations, or even as artful fabrications.
Some years later, in 1560, Alonso de Santa Cruz, in writing his Islario, added a
map of our coast constructed after the Chaves-type (outline on C. PI. 18). This may
have been a concession, on his part, to the general opinion of the day, which accepted
Chaves's authority, although, on some maps, the Ribero-type still persisted. [^']
We must remember that none of these cartographers ever visited our coast, at least
during the years under immediate consideration.
After this exposition of facts and theories in regard to Chaves's map, it is clear
that we cannot consider his representation of our coast as original, but must accept it
as having been altered, for reasons now unknown, from Ribero's figuration. We shall
not attempt here a further interpretation of this coast-line, but will only add that
his "C. Trafalgar" is probably Cape Hatteras; the "Baya de Sa. Maria," with its two
rivers, Chesapeake Bay;[^^] the "arcipelago de Estavam Gomez," the islands along
the coast of Maine, west of the Penobscot River; and the "Rio de las Gamas," the
Penobscot itself. But we do not feel authorised to identify the "Rio de San Antonio,"
[79] We refer especially to the chapter on "Unknown Navigators," in Harrisse, p. 699, No. LXXXI.
(80] Harrisse, p. 580, No. 195. [80a] Harrisse, p. 707.
[81] Manuscripts of this Islario are in Vienna and in Besanjon (see Harrisse, p. 234), and also in Madrid (see
ante, note 62, and De la Puente y Olea, p. 328 et seq. The rough sketch of Santa Cruz's preface to his Islario, in the
autograph of the author, is preserved in the Archive general de Indias, in Seville: "Borrador y apuntaciones hechas
por Alonso de Santa Cruz cosmografo de S. M. para el prologo del libro intitulado Islario General que escribio el mismo
Santa Cruz." Est. 2, Caj. 5, Leg. 2/15, No. 2, ramo 6. It contains no material information for his biography.
[82] See the very convincing argument by Kohl, in his Discov. of Maine, p. 400.
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY 27
which was originally " Baya de San Antonio," with the Hudson River; the "Cabo de
las Arenas" with Sandy Hook, or the "Cabo de San Jago" with either Sandy Hook
or Montauk Point, or even, with Long Island or Cape Cod. Such authentic docu-
ments as have come to our knowledge do not furnish enough information to admit of
a positive identification of these names.
The two principal documents needed to clear up the mystery are the journal of
Gomez and the discussions of Chaves and his companions, which led to the repre-
sentation which we know now to have been laid down on his lost map.[^^]
As Chaves's figuration replaced that of Ribero, on the official Spanish padron gen-
eral, it soon became the generally accepted one; and since we know that the rectangu-
lar shape of the large cape originates from his map, we may consider all maps which
show the cape in this form derivatives of Chaves's map. Guided by this conspicu-
ous characteristic, a great many of the sixteenth-century maps can be better under-
stood, and their proper value in connection with our subject estimated.
A map of the Atlantic Ocean, engraved for the well-known nautical handbook of
Pedro de Medina, the Arte de Navegar, 1545, and re-issued in Libros de grandezas e
cosas memorahles de Espaiia, Alcala de Henares, 1549, has a decadent coast-line, showing
the bay with two rivers, named "b. S. Maria," and, more northerly, a river, "R. her-
moso," which may stand for the broad bay north of the large cape of Chaves. [^''■]
A manuscript map of another Spanish cartographer, Diego Gutierres, dated 1550,
and preserved in the Depot des Cartes de la Marine, in Paris, shows much resemblance
to Dieppese maps, especially to that of Freire. It is interesting to note that, in 1544,
Gutierres's sea-charts were declared by the authorities to be inaccurate. [^^]
The Salviati Map (C. PI. 18) [^^] shows, apparently, a deterioration of the
Chaves-type, and must, therefore, be ascribed to a date later than 1536.
The globe published by the famous Mercator, in 1541, shows the same Chaves-
type. [87]
The celebrated Harleian Mappemonde, which may be dated approximately 1536
(C. PI. 19), and all other Dieppese maps, give nothing more than the Chaves-type.
We may cite also the Desceliers Map, of 1541, which is the first dated French world-
map (C. PI. 19), and that of 1546 (C. PI. 19); the so-called Vallard Map; and the
Freire Map, of about 1546. The influence of DesceHers's maps is apparent on the
map in the Riccardiana in Florence (C. PI. 18). [^^aj ^o the same type belongs also
the MS. map of Guillaume le Testu, of Havre, 1566, (C. PI. 19); preserved in the
"Archives du Depot des cartes des affaires etrangeres", in Paris.
The Jomard Map, of about 1550, must also be ascribed to Chaves's influence,
though it has the Verrazzano-sea.[88]
[83 ] See Addendum Note following this chapter. [^4] Facsimile in Nordenskiold, Facsimile-Atlas, p. 117.
[8s ] "3 Copias de R' cedulas comunicadas alos oficiales reales de la contratacion advirtiendoles que las cartas
de narear [sic] hechas por Diego Gutierrez estan (erradas) y son perjudiciales a la navegacion, . . . 1544."
"Diligencias sobre el pleyto que seguian en la casa de contratacion de Sevilla los cosmografos Pedro de Medina,
Diego Gutierrez y Sebastian Caboto por errores cometidos en sus oficios, 1544."
Sevilla, Archivo general de Indias, Est. 2, Caj. 5, Leg. 1/6, No. I, ramo 45, and Leg. 1/14, No. I, ramo 16.
[86 ] Facsimile in E. L. Stevenson, Maps Illustrating Early Disco'jery and Exploration in Amirica, 1502-30. New
Brunswick, 1903, No. 7 (where it is dated 1525-7).
[87 ] Facs. in Les Spheres de Gerard Mercator (1541 et 155 1), par J. van Raemdonck, St. Nicolas, 1875.
[87a] Facs. in Kretschmer, PI. 34. [88] Sketch in Winsor, Vol. IV, p. 89.
28 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
The large world-map engraved by Julius de Musis in Venice, in 1554, has the
prominent cape, corresponding in size and form to that of Chaves, but prolonged
somewhat to the north, which makes it resemble Ribero's representation. In the in-
terior it has "Terra Francesca"; and the coast above the Gulf of Maine trends far to
the east, which may be due to a desire to do full justice to Verrazzano's discoveries in
this neighbourhood. The rivers along that coast, however, are other than those
depicted on the Verrazzano maps.[ 9]
Darinel's map of America, 1555, small though it is, clearly shows the Chaves-
type, though some important names are omitted, namely, R. de S. Antonio and C.
de las Arenas. [9°]
The Chaves figuration is found also on the chart of Bastian Lopez, 1558, in the
British Museum (C. PI. 18), and on the Huth Map sketched by Kohl in Hist, of
the Discov. of Maine, PI. XVII, 2.
The celebrated, large sea-chart of Gerard Mercator, engraved in 1569, "in usum
navigantium," has a somewhat indifferent coast-Hne (outline on C. PI. 19), on which
only the Penobscot can be well identified. Some other points, however, are not
lacking in interest; for instance, the presence of the island of "Claudia," which
appears here for the first time, and which is re-found on several maps belonging to
the end of the sixteenth century. The figuration of "C. de arenas" might suggest
Sandy Hook, or Montauk Point on Long Island; but the shoals indicated near it
make me believe it to have been, rather, intended to represent Cape Cod. In any
case, the form of this cape shows the influence of Chaves's map. Along the entire
coast, Mercator has attempted to soften the details, in which he was quite right,
as, on nearly all the maps of this period, they are given on too large a scale, and are
therefore too pronounced.
In the Palazzo Vecchio at Florence there is a room — the "sala delle carte geogra-
fiche" — the walls of which are covered by a set of beautifully painted maps, represent-
ing all parts of the known world. These maps were made, by order of Francisco de
Medicis, by Ignazio Danti, during the years 1573 to 1577. The same cartographical
material was embodied, by order of the same prince, on a gigantic painted globe.
This globe is still preserved, in the Museo degli Strumenti Antichi, in Florence, but the
colours are almost entirely faded. This monumental work, ordered by one of the most
advanced princes of Europe, does not, however, give any more precise, or detailed in-
formation of our coast than we now know was embodied on Chaves's representation.
A map contained in the Atlas of Vaz Dourado, preserved in the Torre do Tombo,
in Lisbon, and dated 1571 (outline on C. PI. 18), deserves special mention. It is drawn
after the Chaves-type, but, north of the cape, one of the rivers is extended far into the
interior, till it reaches a range of mountains. Commentators have interpreted this
river as the Hudson, and have concluded, from this map, that the Portuguese had
sailed up the river to its source. We will not here discuss this claim, but will only
call attention to the fact that, in many other parts of the map, mountains are shown
rather as a decoration than as geographical details. This river does not bear a name
on the map. Beginning with the large cape, which also is unnamed, we find "R°,
[89] Facs. in Remarkable Maps, Part I, Nos. 1-4; reproduced also in Periplus, pp. 146-7-
[90] Facs. in Periplus, p. 160.
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY 29
de satiago," which apparently stands for C°. de satiago; then "baia de sao cristouall,"
"Cabo de S. Antao" (for R. de S. Antonio?), then the river without name, and, directly
north of it, "montanhas" and "R°. de buena madre." The atlas of Vaz Dourado
in the library of the Duke of Alba, in Madrid, dated 1568, does not contain this
map, or any other similar to it.[^°^]
A map of Teixeira, dated 1573, shows the usual Chaves-type (outline on C. PI. 18).
The only English map of the earlier half of the sixteenth century which is to be
found in the so-called "Boke of Idrography by Johne Rotz," 1542, follows also the
Chaves-type, though the large cape is called "Cabo Arenas" instead of " C. de San
Jago" (outline on C. PI. 18). [^'] This error occurs on several other maps, and may
have taken its origin from a misreading of Chaves's original, which probably gave
the name of Cabo de las Arenas to the south part of this large promontory.
As a matter of fact, the Ribero-type was not entirely replaced by the representa-
tion of Chaves. ItaHan cartographers, especially, adhered to Ribero. We find, for
instance, his long, narrow cape on maps of Gastaldi, such as his world-map of 1546
(outline on C. PI. 17), also on the map known as Kunstmann, No. VI, 1532-40
(C. PI. 17), and, as a rule, on the maps in the Sea-atlas of Agnese, man}^ specimens
of which are preserved. [^^1
It is probably through the influence of Italian maps that Ribero's type appears
again at the end of the sixteenth century — in the Netherlands. (See page 38, text
to note 127.)
One Spanish map, belonging perhaps to the first half of the sixteenth century,
shows the Ribero-type, the map reproduced in the Cartas de Indias. This map
indicates its derivative character by barbarisms such as " alsa piglago de muchas
y.^^" for "arcipielago" (outline on C. PI. 18).
After the visits of Verrazzano and Gomez, and the construction of Chaves's map,
in 1536, we have only indefinite and confused rumours of voyages in these parts; and,
for a long period of years, we have no certain knowledge regarding any navigator
who sailed along the coast in the neighbourhood of Manhattan.
There may, perhaps, be found sufficient reason why New York Harbour remained
so long unknown, and was at last only visited by chance, in the fact that Cape Cod
extends so far into the sea that sailors, in order to escape its outlying and dreaded
shoals, were wont to keep far off the coast. The average navigator, coasting south-
ward from Nova Scotia, unless he had some particular reason for hugging the shore,
would be pretty apt to give a wide berth to the shoals in the neighbourhood of Cape
Cod, and then to strike as straight a course as possible for Cape Hatteras; and the
north-bound voyager naturally reversed this same course. For this reason, perhaps,
long after the mouths of the Penobscot River and Chesapeake Bay had become
pretty well known. New York Bay, which lay off the usual track, concealed in a corner,
remained practically unknown.
The only other explorer of the sixteenth century whom we know to have seen
[90a] Fully described in: Catdlogo de las coleciones expuestas en los vitrinos del Palacio de Liria. Le publico La
Duquesa de Berwick y de Alba. Madrid, 1898. (Printed for private circulation only.)
[9> ] Winsor, Vol. IV, p. 83; see also p. 82.
[92 ] See Periplus, Kretschmer, and Loivery Collection (especially No. 32).
30 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
New York Bay, was the French captain, Jehan Alfonse de Saintonge, who recorded
the experiences of his hfe in a circumstantial description of the entire world, called
his "Cosmographie." The description of the coasts is here based, primarily, upon
his own observations. He had sailed along the entire eastern shore of North America,
from the Saint Lawrence to Florida, principally during the period of his sojourn in
North America, in 1541 and 1542, in company with Carrier and Roberval, but perhaps
also in earlier years. [93] The description which he gives of the coast between the
Penobscot River ("la riviere de Norombegue") and Cape Hatteras ("un cap, et derrier
icelluy un grand goulphe"), clearly shows that he entered, or at least saw New York
Bay. His exact words devoted to that bay are: "Et icy faict une grande riviere d'eau
doulce et y a en son entree, une isle de sable": — "and here is a large river of sweet
water, and at its entrance is an island of sand "(Sandy Hook). [9+]
Alfonse did not land on this coast, or, at least, had no intercourse with the inhabi-
tants. [9S]
On the sketch-map accompanying his description (C. PI. 15), he calls the country
"La Franciscane" (an allusion to Verrazzano), and a cape, omitted in the "Cosmo-
graphie," but added in his printed Voyages aventureux, is called here "Cap de la
Franciscane." This, apparently, is Cape Cod, but the coast west of this cape does
not show any indentation to suggest the mouth of the Hudson River or New York
Bay, although there are two rivers and several islands, which fact, in general, bears
out the words of the text, that from Cape Breton (southward) the entire coast
is penetrated by rivers. [9^]
The explorations of Alfonse appear to have had no influence upon the cartography
of the period, so far at least as the environs of Manhattan Island are concerned.
In 1552, Lopez de Gomara, the official chronicler of the Indies, describes the
coast, beginning at Newfoundland and proceeding southward. Gomara makes the
distance from Newfoundland to the Cape of Florida 870 leagues. He says that from
"Rio Fondo" to "Rio de los Gamos," the Stag River, is seventy leagues, and
thence to "Cabo Santa Maria," fifty leagues, with forty more to "Cabo Bajo"
(Baxos) or Cape Cod; and "thence to Rio San Anton [Antonio] they reckon more
than a hundred leagues," while "from the Rio San Anton are eighty leagues along
the shore of a gulf to Cabo de Arenas [Sandy Hook?], which is in nearly 39° N."
If we identify Cabo de Arenas with Sandy Hook, Gomara's calculation of the
distance between Rio San Anton and Cabo de Arenas is seriously at fault, and must
have been taken from some map which greatly exaggerated the prominence of this
latter headland.
[93] J. Fontereau, dit Alfonse de Saintonge, Cosmographie, publiee par G. Musset, Paris, 1904. With sketch-
maps. Introduction, pp. 9, II, 12.
[94] Cosmographie, p. 505. See also pp. 504-6. "La Vermoude" is "La Bermuda." The bay with four islands
stands for Narragansett Bay; the white cliff ("fallaise blanche") is Cape Henlopen; the river 20 leagues wide is
Chesapeake Bay; the cape, with the large gulf behind it, I take for Cape Hatteras and Pamlico and Albemarle
Sounds, which attributions are in accord with Winsor, Vol. IV, pp. 70-2. S. Ruge, Kartographie von Amerika, p. 68,
says that this is the first mention of Hudson River, thus overlooking Verrazzano's mention. The end of the point
of Sandy Hook has often, temporarily, been separated from the mainland, a condition which has existed several times
during the past few years, so that Alfonse may very well have seen and recorded it as an island.
[95] "Et en toute cette coste la coste est toute peuplee de gens, et n'ay pas communicque avec euix et ne sjay
quelle loy ilz tiennent, ne s'ilz sont bons ou maulvais." Cosmographie, p. 505.
[9*] Cosmographie, p. 505.
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY 31
In 1556, the French navigator, Andre Thevet, sailed along the entire East Coast,
from Florida to "Norumbegue." In the account of his voyage, he, however, says
nothing of the coast south of the Penobscot River. [^7]
Documents found in the Spanish Archives enable us to follow, broadly, during
this period, the progress of Spanish explorations along our coast from Florida to the
north.
In 1558, Guido de Lavezaris, Hernan Perez, Constantino Oresa, Bernaldo Peloso,
and Juan Nunez explored the coast as far north as the "Bahia Philipina," "que
asi pusieron nombre, a una Bahia que descubrieron en altura de veinte y nueve
grades y medio." The distance from San Juan de Lua to this bay is given as 260
leagues. [9^]
In 1559, Juan Rodriguez, Piloto Mayor, was in the same bay,[99] and in this and
the following years, sailors are mentioned in the bay of Sta. Helena, which was the
most northerly point reached. ['°°]
Prior to 1562, the French had visited the East Coast, as Ribault writes in that
year that they undertook to go northward from Florida "and view the coast until
XL degrees of the eleuation," where "our pilots and some others" had been before. —
Hakluyt's Divers Voyages, 114.
In 1561, Captain General Angel de Villafaiie visited Rio de Santa Elena, Cavo
San Roman, the rivers Jordan and Canoas, and Cavo Trafalgar, from 33° to 35°.
Rio de Canoas is given as in 34° 30' N.L.['°']
In the report of the Consejo de la Nueva Espana, on Florida, presented in 1562,
Rio de Santa Elena is located in 33°, Rio Jordan and Cabo de San Roman in 34°,
Rio de Canoas in 35 "grados escasos," and Cabo de Trafalgar in 35 "grados largos."
In connection with this last-mentioned point they quote, in the words of Villafaiie,
the following remarkable notice:
que es a donde llegue yo el Governador Angel de Villafaiie, y los demas que aqui
firmamos nuestros nombres, y donde nos dio la tormenta y tiempo forroso que nos com-
pelio a no poder pasar mas adelante y que si S. M. fuere servido que se descubra y vea
desde los treinta y cinco grados adelante que a nuestro parescer se podra hacer mesor [sic]
y a menos costa desde Espana que no desde esta Nueva Espana . . . : — this is
where I, Governor Angel de Villafafie, and the others who sign our names, arrived, and
where the torrents and the storms prevented us from proceeding farther, and [I add] that,
if H. M. should wish that we should explore beyond 35°, it appears to us it could be done
better and at less cost from Spain than from New Spain. ['"^J
In 1565, the secretary of Villafafie, Francisco de Aquilas, declares again that
they went no farther than Cape Trafalgar, in 35° N.L.[^°3]
The words quoted above, from the Governor himself, doubtless indicate that his
expedition was the last one sent from New Spain, and that Cape Trafalgar was the
most northerly point reached; and his advice to the King seems to have been followed.
At least, on March 15, 1565, an agreement was made with Pero Menendez de
[ 97] See Kohl, p. 416.
[ 98] Navarrete, transcripts, Tom. 14, No. 20, Dep5sito Hidrografico, Madrid (original in Seville).
[ 99] Ibid., No. 22. [>oo] Ibid., Nos. 25, 26 et seq.
i'o'l Ibid., No. 27. ['02] Ibid., No. 29 (original in Seville).
['°3] Ibid., No. 34 (original in Seville).
32 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Aviles ['°'^] for a voyage of discovery from Spain along the coast north from Florida.
From this agreement the following extract is taken :
. . . y descubrira desde los Ancones y Vaya de Sant Josepe, que es en la lengua
de la Florida de la parte del Poniente, hasta la cabeza delos Martires que estan en 25
grades, y de alii hasta la Terranova que esta de 50 grades hasta 60 de Leste Oeste, y Norte
Sur, toda la costa para ver y calar los Puertos y corrientes, rocas, y baxios, y enseiiadas
que hubiese en la dicha costa haciendolos marcar y senalar lo mas precisamente que
pudiere por sus alturas y derrotas para que se sepa y entienda el secreto de la dicha Costa,
y Puertos que en ella hubiere, y dentro deste afio haro logue [sic] pudiere, y lo demas
dentro de los dichos tres aiios que esta obligado en este dicho asiento, y de todo trahera
testimonio.
. . . and he shall explore from the Ancones and the Bay of Sant Josepe, which
is on the point of Florida on the West-side, to the head of the Martires which are in 25°,
and from there to Terranova which lies from 50° to 60° from East to West, and
North to South, the entire coast in order to see and to sail the Ports and streams,
[reefs?], and beaches, and indentures which might be on the said coast having them
marked and indicated as correctly as possible by their depths and routes so that the
secret of the said Coast may become known, and what Ports there are, and this year
he shall do what he can, and the remainder within the said three years that he is bound
in this agreement, and of all he shall bear testimony. ['°^]
It is known that Aviles did not fully carry out his contract. Immediately in his
track he found the French settlement of Laudonniere, which kept him busy for some
time; and his expedition resulted in the destruction of this colony.
In one of his reports, dated December 12, 1565, Aviles explains his ideas about
our coast; and from his description, which we quote, it is clear that he got only con-
fused information, in part from the Indians:
. . . la Bahia de S" Maria que es 100 leguas al Norte de Santa Elena, donde es
el Yndio Velasco que esta en la Nueva-Espaiia, y 80 leguas la tierra adentro esta la sierra,
y detras della hay un brazo de mar que navegan Canoas, y llega a la Tierra Nova, que
hay de camino 500 leguas, y acabase alii en un ancon que hace detras desta sierra, que
esta a la tierra adentro a la Bahia de Santa Maria 80 leguas, como tengo dicho; y junto
de aquel ancon a un quarto de legua, 6 media, hay otro brazo de mar, que va la vuelta
de la China y entra en la Mar del Sur, y esto se tiene por cierto, aunque por el ninguno
ha entrado a la Mar del Sur, mas han ido por el mas de 500 leguas la vuelta del Oes-
Norueste, que partieron 42 grades, y subieron hasta 48 y estaban 500 leguas de Mexico
Norte-Sur con ella, y no estaban a razon 100 leguas dela Mar del Sur, 6 dela mesma
tierra de la China.
. . . the Bay of Santa Maria which lies loo leagues North of Santa Elena, whence
comes the Indian Velasco who stays in New Spain, and 80 leagues inland is the range
of mountains, and behind this there is an arm of the sea which is sailed by Canoes, and
which leads to Terranova, which is 500 leagues distant, and ends there in a port which
makes [the coast] behind these mountains, which lie inland from the Bay of Santa Maria
80 leagues [distant], as I have been informed; and near this port at a distance of a quarter
['04] On Aviles should be consulted: Woodbury Lowery, The Spanish Settlements within the Pustnt Limits of the
United States. New York, 191 1, 2 vols. With maps and plates.
[■OS] Navarette, transcripts, Tom. 14, No. 32 (original in Seville). This document is referred to by Barcia,
Ensayo cronologico. Madrid, 1723, p. 66, from which it is cited by Kohl, in The Discov. oj Maine, p. 456.
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY 33
of a mile, or a half, is another arm of the sea, which goes in the direction of China and
enters the South Sea, and this is accepted as certain, although nobody has entered the
South Sea through it, but people have gone through it more than 500 leagues in the
direction of West North West, having started in 42°, and proceeded as far as 48° and
were 500 leagues from Mexico North-South of it [in a line North and South] and were
not farther than 100 leagues from the South Sea, or from the same land of China. [ '°^]
From this report, it is evident that to the north of the bay of Santa Maria
(Chesapeake Bay), nothing certain was knovpn about the coast. It is interesting to
see that the idea of a passage to the vilest in those regions is here very distinctly
expressed.
In the year 1565, the famous English navigator, John Hav?kins, sailed along our
coast from Florida to Newfoundland, but recorded nothing of the coast itself north
of the French occupation. ['°7] It is interesting to note that on this voyage he had on
his ship two sailors from Dieppe. One of these was called Martin Atinas; the other,
who intended to go to Brazil, is not named, but we are told that Hawkins had
found him on the coast of Africa.
This last information may, perhaps, help to explain a remarkable French map,
preserved in the Bibliotheque Nationale, in Paris. It is a map of the world, drawn
by Jehan Cossin, "marinnier," at Dieppe, in 1570 (C. Pis. 15 and 16), on a special
semi-elliptical, or sinusoidal projection, and its principal purpose was, perhaps, to
demonstrate the advantages of that form of projection. On the North American coast,
between Florida and Newfoundland, is very distinctly shown the typical double bay of
Santa Maria, with its two rivers — the Chesapeake and the large river of Gomez. But
between these two cartographical points, instead of the large cape found on other
maps, there is a peninsula, and also two islands and a river. In this respect the
configuration differs entirely from that of this locality, as shown on all other known
maps of the period. This striking combination of geographical features, presenting a
marked resemblance to the environs of Manhattan Island, is located at about 40° N.L.
Whereas it is possible that one of the large islands, here shown, was intended for
Manhattan Island, it seems more likely that they represent Staten Island and Long
Island, and that the peninsula to the north was intended for Manhattan Island.
To the whole configuration the name "S. Jan" is given on the map.
The author of this map must have had good reasons for introducing such a novel
representation for a part of the coast which, in cartography, had by this time come
to have a pretty well-defined form; and there are reasons for believing that Jehan
Cossin actually visited the coast himself, and, from his own observations, introduced
this new representation on his map. That it is drawn on much too large a scale is
explained by the fact that it was very usual, at this time, to exaggerate newly dis-
covered and important details, which could not be clearly brought out at the small
scale of the map itself.
Jehan Cossin called himself on this map "marinnier," or mariner, and, in 1587,
['06] Ibid., No. 40 (original in Seville).
['°7] See Kohl, p. 440 f/ seq., and The Hawkins Voyages. Ed. by Clements R. Markham. London, Hakiuyt
Society, Vol. 57 (1878), p. ij.
34 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
he is mentioned among the navigators who obtained a fixed pension from the French
King.['°^] In 1575 he executed a large sea-atlas, which is now lost.['°9]
I feel pretty well convinced that Cossin must be identified with the somewhat
mythical figure of Jean Cousin, who was unearthed by Desmarquets, from Dieppese
documents; and whose voyages are mentioned in his "Memoires," anonymously
published in 1785. ["°] Desmarquets relates that this Cousin made a voyage to South
America and Africa, which he puts as early as 1488, thus making him a predecessor
of Columbus! There must, however, be a mistake in this date, for he tells us, first,
that Cousin was a disciple of "Descaliers," a priest-cartographer and marine-teacher
of Dieppe. This "Descaliers" is, of course, Desceliers, who flourished about 1540,
and by whom some important maps of the world are known. ["']
Secondly, Desmarquets asserts that the function of marine-teacher was an official
one at Dieppe, and that Descaliers was succeeded in this profession by Prescot, a
priest, who, in his turn, was succeeded by Jean Cousin. Ten or twelve years after
the death of Cousin, Jean Guerard appears; he was related to the great Coligny,
and was followed by Jean Dupont, at whose death the position became vacant, and
remained so for fourteen or fifteen years. During this period we hear that Jean
Caudron gave lessons for at least twenty years. A pupil of Caudron's was the Guil-
laume Denys who, in 1669, published a book on the declinations of the sun and the
stars.["^]
It is clear, from this chronology, that we cannot trace Jean Cousin back to 1488;
and, furthermore, we know of maps of Jean Guerard, who worked ten or twelve years
after the death of Cousin, dated, respectively, 163 1 and 1634, and described in the
present work under Map Descriptions, and also of a map of Jean Dupont, dated 1625,
and preserved in the Archives du Depot des Cartes de la Marine, Paris.
Since we know maps by Jehan Cossin of Dieppe, who called himself a mariner,
it seems no dangerous hypothesis to identify the mythical Jean Cousin of 1488 with
the real Jehan Cossin of 1570, 1575, and 1587. The whole tenor of Desmarquet's
story shows that, in Dieppe, Cousin had been a man of importance, known by his
voyages to unknown countries, which were generally supposed to have been visited
by him for the first time; and, so long, at least, as no more precise documents relating
to Cossin come to light, there seems, therefore, to be good reason to assume that he
visited New York Harbour, and put it down on his map, together with Long Island,
Staten Island, and Manhattan Island, although the insularity of this last is not
indicated. That Cossin omits Cape Cod, may be accounted for in the same way as
in the case of Verrazzano's omission, namely, by supposing that he coasted from
south to north, in which case Cape Cod was not conspicuous enough to be entered
on a map drawn on so small a scale. ["^]
[■08] Ch. de la Ronciere, Histoire de la marine franfaise. Paris, 1910, Vol. IV, p. 215.
['09] H. Harrisse, Decouverte el evolution cartographique de Terre-Neuve. Paris, 1900, p. xlii.
["0] Desmarquets, Memoires chronologiques pour seniir a V histoire de Dieppe et a celle de la navigation franfaise.
Paris, 1785, Vol. I, pp. 92-9.
1">] See, for instance, Harrisse, The Discov. of N. Am., p. 624. Outlines of two of his maps are shown on
C. PI. 19. See also Paul Gaffarel, La decouverte du Bresil par les Franfais, in Congres international des Americanistes,
Compte-rendu de la 2« session. Luxembourg, 1877. Tom. I, p. 397, et seq. He concludes that Cousin was a
contemporary of Desceliers.
[■12] Desmarquets, Memoires, Vol. H, pp. 1-7.
["3] See also G. Marcel, Recueil de Portulans. Paris, 1886, No. 2. Marcel also refers to Cousin, but does not
identify him with Cossin.
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY 35
Special researches have been undertaken, in connection with the present work,
in an attempt to identify, positively, this Jehan Cossin, but a great obstacle was
encountered at the very outset, in the fact that the archives of Dieppe were burned
in the bombardment of 1694. ["'^]
In such brief examination of the principal Spanish archives as I have been able
to make, I gave special attention to the records of French pirates, hoping to find
something which would add to our meagre knowledge of this interesting and mysteri-
ous personage. ["5] It is quite usual, in Spanish documents of the sixteenth century,
to find ships of other nations referred to as "pirates"; so Drake, Hawkins, and other
navigators are always indicated by the name "corsarios." It seems, therefore, not
unlikely that Cossin may have been pilot on one of these so-called "pirate ships."
In 1564, some French pirates are mentioned in the vicinity of Cuba. One of
these possessed a sea-chart, on which the point of Santa Elena bore the French
arms.["^] About the same time, a French ship is recorded as having been seen by
the Spanish in the Canal of Bahama. ["7] These may be taken as typical examples
of a class of information which is found here and there in the records, but which, in
general, is only useful for corroborative purposes.
In 1570, Guillaume Le Testu, of Dieppe, a pilot, whose sea-chart, in manuscript,
has been preserved, was captured by the Spanish, in Flanders. ["^] In the same
document which records this event, the names of several French sailors, imprisoned
in Seville, are mentioned. The name of Cossin does not, however, occur among them.
In 1571, a memoir was written in Seville, giving an account of the damages suf-
fered by the Spaniards from French pirates. In this memoir, a list is included of several
French ships encountered by Spanish navigators between 1559 and 1570. Though
the memoir does not state where these ships were met, we may assume that some of
them sailed in American waters. The Hst gives the name of the ship, the French
harbour from which it sailed, the name of the captain, and, in some cases, the name
of the pilot, and, lastly, the names of the "duefios" (owners), or the "maestres"
(masters). The name Cossin is not given, but, as the name of the pilot is omitted
in the case of most of the ships, this omission is not conclusive. Is Jehan Cossin's
identity perhaps concealed beneath the name of "Juan dorleans," pilot of the ship
"la fehppa," captain "clerisse," which sailed from Honnefleur in April, 1570? Who
can tell?
These French "corsarios," or navigators, in American waters had their base in the
French colony on "la riviere de May" (now St. Mary's River, which flows through
parts of Georgia and Florida). After the complete destruction of this colony, by
Menendez de Aviles, in 1565, ships cruising in those waters had to look for another
shelter, and it is only natural to suppose that some of them went north along the coast.
If we suppose that Jehan Cossin was pilot on one of these ships, he may thus have
obtained his knowledge of the vicinity of Manhattan Island.
[■■4] Desmarquets, Memoires, Vol. I, Dedicace.
['»5] We refer especially to Tom. 25 of the Navarrete Collection in the Deposito Hidrografico in Madrid, and to
Est. 2, Caj. s, Leg. i/ii, Archivo general de Indias, Sevilla. Both bundles are entirely devoted to "Corsarios fran-
ceses."
[>'6] Seville, Archivo general de Indias, Est. 2, Caj. 5, Leg. i/ii. No. i, ramo 38.
["7] Ibid., Leg. 1/22, No. I, ramo 41.
[118] Ibid., No. 48. Outline sketch of our coast from his map on C. PI. 19.
36
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Or was he, perhaps, the French sailor that Hawkins found on the coast of Africa,
and who was on his way to Brazil? It is recorded of Jean Cousin (very probably our
Jehan Cossin), that he had visited Brazil and Africa. In that case the famous
Captain John Hawkins would have been the first Englishman to enter New York
Harbour, as early as 1565!
As a full list of the names found in the Seville memoir may prove useful for
further researches, it is given in a note. [ "9]
The last recorded survey of the East Coast by the Spaniards in the sixteenth
century, is that of Pedro Marquez, in 1573. He did not, however, go farther north
than a little beyond Chesapeake Bay: "Lego mas adelante del puerto y baia de Sta.
Maria."['^°]
It is interesting also to note that on the large map in Hakluyt's Principall Naviga-
tions, 1589 (copied from OrteHus's map, as Hakluyt tells us in his preface), there is
what appears to be a dotted trail extending from the coast just below the 40th de-
gree to the St. Lawrence, which seems to indicate that there was, even at this early
period, intercourse between these two locaHties. It is, however, possible that this
dotted hne is intended to mark the boundary of Nova Francia.
From this brief review of the known explorations of our coast during the sixteenth
century, we shall not be surprised to find that the maps drawn and pubUshed in the
last quarter of that century do not show any marked advance over those of the
preceding period.
The famous world-map of OrteHus, pubHshed in 1570, ['^'] which occupies so
important a place in the history of cartography, is anything but clear in regard to
our coast. A small curve in the coast-Hne of this map faintly defines the Gulf of
["9] Archivo general de Indias, Sevilla, Est. 2, Caj. 5, Leg. i/ii, No. 1, ramo 53. "1571 Memoria de lo que
convenia executar para averiguar los robos que los corsarios Franceses hicieron a los espanoles despues del ultimo
tratado de Paz, hasta 20 de Junio de dho. afio." In this document the following French ships with their harbours
(home ports), captains, pilots, and masters, are named:
HARBOUR
SHIP
CAPTAIN I
■ILOT
MASTERS
ISS9
Honnefleur
la foy
Guillaume Chaudet
13 Mayo
ISS9
Havra de gracia
la pucella
de la Chapelle
Pierre de Comptes
Jehan de la Roche
Francisco Diaz Portugues
Oct.
1560
Havra de gracia
el aguila
Francois Voisin
alias Vitanval
1564
Fecamp
le preuier
1567
Havra de gracia
Juan Bontemps
1570
Juan Bontemps
1570
Juan Bontemps
1568
Sainct Valeri
Paulo Blondel
1568
Dieppe
la Salamenda
Nicolas Valyer
1568
el heron
Pierre Deden
1568
Fecamp
la Salamenda
Juan de la Vota
1565-
66 toncque
el esmerillon
Juan Carel Sr.
depreaulx
(Owners)
1567
la negresa
Pierre Bare
Guillaume Sorigny de roan
Sr. de bonebaoc
1569
Honnefleur
el delfin
etmon de Sahulz
Abr.
1570
Honnefleur
la felippa
clerisse Juan
dorleans
Abr.
1571
Honnefleur
la esperan^a
Nicolas des Islles
Jan.
ult.
1571
Havre de gracia
la condessa
m= Giraldo tetu
de porte
1570
Havre de gracia
Cacheau
[>2o]Kohl,F
1. 469, from Barcia.
[121] Facsimile in Nordenskiold
, FacsimUe-Atlas, PI. XLVI.
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY 37
Maine, on which appears a single name — "Montagnas." Somewhat to the east of a
bay, which evidently represents the Penobscot, is the island "Clandia" (for Claudia),
a new feature, characteristic of the second half of this century, and found also on
Mercator's map of 1569.
Rumoldus Mercator's small world-map, ['^^] pubhshed in 1587, is very little better.
He gives the same representation as Ortelius, but adds a bay in the southern part
of the Gulf of Maine, which he calls "B. de la buelta."
Hogenberg's map of America, dated 1587, confuses Virginia with the coast of
Maine. ['^3]
The northern hemisphere of the remarkable world-map of Cornells de Judaeis,
pubhshed in I593,['^*] shows the influence of Chaves, in the form of the large cape,
which is called here "C. de S. Helena," although on his map of "Americae Pars Bo-
realis, etc.," published in the same year, this cape is named "C. de las Arenas" and
"C. S. Petro" (outline on C. PI. 20). The coast-line is contracted, and Penobscot
Bay appears as a large arm of the sea, which completely separates Nova Scotia from
the mainland, and converts it into an island, which, together with another to the
east, receives the name "Terra Nova." This enlargement of the Penobscot
appeared on Lopo Homem's map of 1554, but in much less exaggerated form
(C. PI. II).
The Chaves-configuration is pretty completely reproduced on the manuscript
chart of Thomas Hood, 1592 (C. PI. 19), found in the Dudley-manuscript atlas in
Munich. The map of John Dee, 1580 (C. PI. 19), ['^''^^] is more simple, and confuses
C. de St. lago and C. de Arenas.
On the celebrated "Mohneux" Map of 1600, ['^5] there is a manifest confusion of
several important features. Virginia and Chesapeake Bay here make their first
appearance, although, in their delineation, an attempt has been made to identify
them with the large cape and bay of Chaves, a remnant of which I see in the tongue
of land called "Croatemonge." Chesapeake Bay stretches to the west, instead of
to the north, and several good classic Spanish names occur to the north of it: for
instance, "R. de S. Antonio," "R. de Montaiias," "R. de buena madre," and "C. S.
Maria," at which point the "R. de Gamas" flows from the St. Lawrence River into the
Atlantic Ocean. Just north of the mouth of this river, the name "I. Claudia " appears.
Similar features are to be found on the Wytfliet map of "Norumbega et Virginia,"
published in 1597, in Louvain (outline on C. PI. 20). ['^^] It is, however, somewhat
more detailed, and the remains of Chaves's large cape are better indicated. Here,
also, we have classic names, but nothing to show any progress, indicating new explora-
tions between the large cape and the Penobscot River. But Wytfliet was not original,
for we find this same representation, in embryo form, on the map of America in
Cornells de Judaeis's 1593 Atlas, already referred to.
It is interesting to see how the continental cartographers endeavoured to reconcile
['"] Facs. in Facsimili-Jilas, PI. XLVII.
[•23] In Mr. Stokes's Collection. The only other copy known is in the library of Prince Roland Bonaparte
in Paris. Copied by the Italian cartographer Rascicotti; facs. in Remarkable Maps, I: 12.
[■^4] Facs. in Facsimile-Atlas, PI. XLVIII. [124a] Winsor, IV: 98.
[12s] Facs. in Facsimile-Atlas, PI. L, outline on C. PI. 20.
['26] Facs. in Facsimile-Atlas, PI. LI.
38 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
the new knowledge obtained by the English with the conformation on the old
maps. This new representation is found as late as 1610, when it appears on the
large Dutch portolano of the world drawn on vellum by Harmen Jansz and Marten
Jansz, of Edam, and preserved in the Bibliotheque Nationale of Paris (outline on
C. PI. 20). The chart drawn by Gabriel Tatton, in London, in 1602 (preserved in
the Riccardiana at Florence), belongs to the same type (outline on C. PI. 20).
Some maps of this period, especially some of Dutch origin, continue to show the
large cape in its long and narrow form, as it was drawn by Ribero. This may be
explained by the influence of Italian maps, which were still largely followed in the
Netherlands. We find it, for instance, on Plancius's map of the world, published
in 1592 (outHne on C. PI. 20), and on a large Dutch world-map, painted on vellum
about 1600, and preserved in the Royal Library of Dresden (outHne on C. PI. 20).
We find it also on the map of the Pacific, in Herrera, i6oi.['^'']
We have seen that, during the course of the sixteenth century, our coast had
acquired, on maps, a pretty well-defined direction and form, which, however, did
not altogether agree with existing facts. We do not owe the dawn of a new and
better knowledge to a gradual improvement and clarification of this faulty repre-
sentation, which long survived in Italy and Spain, but to the remarkable circumstance
of the revival, by the great English geographer, Hakluyt, at the end of the sixteenth
century, of a curious hypothesis of Verrazzano's.
About 1580, Hakluyt found in England a large map made by Verrazzano,['^^]
and also a great globe by the same author; ['^9] and on these two cartographical relics
of an almost forgotten time, he noticed the large Western Sea — the "Sea of Verraz-
zano" — which approached within a few leagues of the Atlantic Ocean, at a point on
the eastern coast of North America. ['3°] This suggested the idea that, if this repre-
sentation were true, an easy way to India might be found through this isthmus;
and, in his Divers Voyages, published in 1582, Hakluyt, with this hypothesis in
mind, introduced a map engraved by Michael Lok, on which this sea was de-
lineated.['3i]
This idea was still further developed, first in England, and afterwards in Holland,
by the invention of a great river, or sea-arm, connecting this Western Sea with the
Atlantic Ocean. This arm appears first in 1585, on the manuscript map of Virginia
by John White, where it starts at Port Royal. ['^^] It is found also on the Molineux
Map, of 1600, and on the curious maps of Pisanus (C. PI. 21). ['^3]
Through the hope which it raised of an easy approach to the riches of the Orient,
this new theory greatly stimulated the growth of navigation to North America, and
[■27] Facs. in Nordenskiold, Periplus, p. 187.
["8] This may have been a map similar to the one preserved in the Vatican, in Rome (formerly in the Museo
della Propaganda). (C. PI. 13.)
[■29] It is doubtful whether this globe was of the same type as the globe of Robertus de Bailly, styled the
"Verrazzano Globe," until recently in the possession of Mr. Ludwig Rosenthal of Munich, and now owned by J. P.
Morgan, Esq. This latter globe was made in 1530. (There is a good facsimile of it in Ludwig Rosenthal's Catalogue,
100, facing p. 314; see also outline sketch on C. PI. 17.)
[130] Hakluyt, Discourse Concerning IVfslerne planting (Orig. in Mr. Stokes's Coll.) ; Id., Divers Voyages touching
on North America, pp. 541-3.
['3'] Reduced facsimile of Lok's map in: Winsor, Vol. IV, p. 44. See also outline sketch on C. PI. 17.
[■3 2] Hakluyt, Principall Navigations. London 1589; Facs. in ibid. Glasgow, 1904. Vol. 8, pp. xiii and
320, 321.
['3 3] See also Map Descriptions.
DISCOVERY AND EARLIEST CARTOGRAPHY 39
thereby, incidentally, the colonisation of Virginia; and so led to the re-discovery of
New York Bay and its great river, by Hudson, in 1609.
With the single possible exception of Jehan Cossin, no one of the navigators whom
we have mentioned — and, in the present state of historical research, these are the
only ones of whom we have any positive knowledge — could have made so thorough
an exploration of New York Bay and its immediate surroundings as to discover the
insularity of Manhattan Island; so that we may conclude that it does not appear
as an island on any map preceding Hudson's explorations.
ADDENDUM NOTE
ALONSO DE CHAVES
The unfortunate disappearance of the very important padron real made by Alonso de Chaves in
1536 left a gap in the cartographical history of the east coast of North America in the sixteenth
century, which, until now, it has been impossible to fill. The recent discovery, in Madrid, by the
writer (Dr. Wieder), of a hitherto unappreciated manuscript description of the entire East Coast,
written by Chaves himself, and belonging to the same period as his lost map, has, however, added much
to our knowledge of this mysterious and important era; and, from a comparison of this document with
a large map, found shortly before by the writer, in Florence, which map is signed by Lopo Homem, and
dated 1554, it becomes at once apparent that this map closely reproduces our coast from Chaves's lost
chart, and is, therefore, of the highest importance in our study.
Chaves's description is contained in a manuscript of the sixteenth century, preserved in the library
of the Real Academia de la Historia, in Madrid (Est. 13, gr. 6, num. 679).
It has the following title: —
"Quadripartitu[m] en cosmographia pratica i por otro nombre llamado Espeio denavegantes . . .
Agora nueuamente ordenada y compuesta por Alonso de Chaues cosmographo Dela Magestad Cesarea
del emperador y Rei delas espafias Carlo quinto Semper Augusto."
This manuscript constitutes a complete treatise on navigation, and all that pertains thereto in accord-
ance with the opinion of sixteenth-century instructors. We need not note its contents here, but will refer
the reader, for that purpose, to the work of Cesareo Fernandez Duro, De algunas ohras desconocidas
de cosmografia y de navegacion, y singularme?ite de la que escribio Alfonso de Chaves a principios de siglo
XVI. Madrid, Imprenta de la Revista de Navigacion y Comercio, 1895.
In his 46 pages the author gives a good idea of the contents of the manuscript, but, curiously enough,
he refers only superficially to the coast description of America, which, for us, is, of course, the most
important part of the manuscript.
This description, which is contained in Libro IV, is as follows: — •
Libro quarto de la cosmographia pratica y moderna llamado Espeio de navegantes, hordenado y compuesto
por Alonso de Chaues Cosmographo de la sacra cesarea y catholica y Real magestad del emperador Carlo quinto
semper augusto el qual trata de todo lo tocante alas nauegaciones para yr y venir y navegar en todas las partes
de las Yndias yslas y tierra firma Del mar Oceano.
La qual asi mismo hordeno y compuso con sola su industria y trabaio el dicho Alonso Dechaues cosmo-
grapho de la magestad cesarea. La qual dicha obra es aprouada por los otros cosmographos De su mag[esta]t y
conforme al voto y parescer de los mas ymas sabios y experimentados pilotos que nauegan y an andado y residido
en todas las dichas partes, [de las Yndias].
Fourth book of practical and modern cosmography called the Mirror of Navigators, set up and composed
by Alonso de Chaues, cosmographer of the Sacred Imperial Catholic and Royal Majesty, the Emperor
Charles the Fifth, always august, and which treats of all that relates to the navigations for going and coming
and navigating in all the parts of the Indies, islands and mainland of the ocean sea.
Which same was set up and composed by the sole industry and labour of the said Alonso Dechaues, cosmog-
rapher of His Imperial Majesty. Which said work is approved by the other cosmographers of His Majesty
[of the Indies], and conforms to the vote, opinion, and judgment of the most learned and experienced pilots who
navigate and have traversed and resided in all the said parts.
Preceding the general description of the roasts is an index of the names occurring in the description.
This description is divided into several chapters, each of which corresponds with a certain stretch
of the coast. Each stretch is treated twice, first somewhat superficially, and afterwards more in detail.
40 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
The East Coast, for example, is divided by Chaves into the " Costa oriental de la Florida " and the
" Costa del Norte." Cabo de Trafalgar is the most northerly point of the first and the most southerly
of the second.
In the description, each of these two stretches is again subdivided into two divisions, one of which
gives the " derrotas y distancias " (directions and distances), the other the "puertos, rios y cabos "
(harbours, rivers, and capes). The first division may, perhaps, have been intended for the use of
navigators sailing along the coast without the intention of landing; it gives simply the direction of
the coast-line and the distance in " leguas " between the salient points.
In the second division these salient points are located in their presumed latitudes, and many
intermediate points of less importance are added, with the distances from one to the other and from
the nearest salient points.
Either this description was derived from the lost map of Chaves, or that map was based on the
material contained in the description. In either case the map combined the features which, in the
description, have been separated, for practical purposes, into two divisions.
In our Comparison we have combined these two divisions, in order to approximate as closely as
possible, Chaves's lost map. We have, however, attempted to do this in such a way that the " der-
rotas y distancias " can easily be distinguished from the material arranged in the second division —
" puertos, rios y cabos." This has been accomplished by placing the first somewhat more to the left
in the column. It will be remarked that, in a few cases of but little consequence, some additional
matter describing a stretch of the coast has been introduced by Chaves in the division of the " der-
rotas y distancias." This is, however, of no vital importance for our comparison, our chief aim being
to compare in its entirety the material contained in Chaves's description with the map of Lopo Homem.
The number of " leguas " in the second division shows in some cases a slight discrepancy from
those given in the division of the " derrotas." In these cases the " leguas " of the second division
have in our Comparison been added in brackets to those given in the first division.
The manuscript is not dated, but several statements, found in the description itself, justify the assign-
ment of a date between 1536 and 1540. These statements are as follows: —
Chaves's list of the Golden Numbers runs from 1520 to 1538. His examples of the Solar Cycle and
of the Movable Feasts are for the year 1540.
In Libro II, Trat. 1°, Cap. 1°, one of the queries is: "En que grado y en que signo estuvo el sol: 10
Apr. 1538?"
In the same chapter is found a: "Tabla del verdadero lugar del sol," to which is appended the remark:
"Y tienes de notar que estas tablas estan ygualadas al meridiano De sevilla y por quarto afios los qles
comengaron al principio del ano de 1533 E acaban en fin del ano 1536:" — and it must be noted
that these tables correspond to the meridian of Seville and for four years, from the beginning of the
year 1533 to the end of 1536.
In Lib. Ill, Trat. 2°, Cap. 1°, the following entries are noteworthy:
"Emxemplo. Yo quiero el ano de 1540 a seis dias del mes de agosto quiero saber quantos seran de
luna aqual dia."
"Enxemplo. Yo quiero saber quantos seran de luna aseis de agosto Ano de 1540."
From these quotations, we may safely conclude that the material for this manuscript was collected
from 1536 to 1538, and that the manuscript was finished in 1539.
The following tabulated comparison attempts to make clear, in detail, the relation between Chaves's
description, Homem's map, and Oviedo's text, which last, up to now, supplied the only information that
we possessed of Chaves's lost map. We have added some details taken from a manuscript in the Archive
general de Indias, in Seville, a copy of which is preserved in the Deposito hidrografico in Madrid
(Navarrete's Collection, Tome 28, No. 15). This manuscript, which shows, in many respects, a
remarkable resemblance to these documents, is entitled: " Memoria de las leguas y altura que tienen
los Cabos y bayas dende el Cabo del Labrador, fasta el Estrecho de Magallanes por la costa de la mar
del Norte."
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r
CHAPTER II
HUDSON'S MAPPING OF THE VICINITY OF
MANHATTAN ISLAND
CHAPTER II
HUDSON'S MAPPING OF THE VICINITY OF
MANHATTAN ISLAND
THE history of Hudson and his discovery of the river which bears his name
are so generally known that we need here only recall the principal circum-
stances relating to them, while inviting attention to some special facts that
throw light upon our subject, and that are not conspicuous in the narratives of
any of the writers on Hudson. [']
After having commanded two expeditions to the North for his countrymen,
Hudson was invited, in 1609, by the newly estabHshed Dutch East India Company
to enter its service. This company pursued the same purpose as the EngUsh explor-
ers of that day, the discovery of a passage to India by way of the North, that is to
say, out of reach of the Spanish. This invitation Hudson accepted.
We should go too far if we characterised this act by the name of treachery. Great
enterprises, such as commerce, navigation, and discovery, in those times, as in our
own, bore an international character. Still, we can understand why James I and his
ministers considered Hudson's conduct reprehensible, if not illegitimate. "Once an
Enghshman, always an EngHshman" is an adage which in those days meant as much
as it does in our times.
But Hudson's conduct would take on quite another aspect, if it were known to have
been against the expressed wish of the King that he went into the service of a foreign
company. A document in the Spanish archives at Simancas gives reason to believe
that this was really the case; for, on May 9, 1609, the Marques de Guadeleste wrote
from Brussels to the Spanish King on the affairs passing in Holland, and this letter
was accompanied by information which had been received from Holland on April 30th,
stating that the Company had equipped two famous ships, in order to trade with
China, going by the way of Tartary; and also that an Englishman zvas willing to
execute the plan, and that his master had not allowed it.[^]
[I] For example, Edward Hagaman Hall, Henry Hudson and the Discovery of the Hudson River, pp. 227-346, in
the Fifteenth Annual Report oi the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. Albany, 1910; Henry C. Mur-
phy, Henry Hudson in Holland; reprinted by Wouter Nijhoff. The Hague, 1909; and G. M. Asher, Henry Hudson
the Navigator: London, i860.
[2] " De Olanda tengo aviso de 30 de Abril que la Compania ha armado dos navios famosos para embiar a hazer
la prueba si pueden negociar en la China, confiados en que han de tener retirada en Tartaria, empresa que la queria
hazer un ingles y su amo no lo a consentido." Enclosure in letter of De Guadeleste of May 9, 1609. Leg. 2291,
Secretaria de Estado, Archivo general de Simancas.
42 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Although mention is made of two vessels, there can be no reasonable doubt that
by this Englishman Hudson was meant; and we are the more strengthened in this
opinion when we find mentioned in the same document the departure of Kerckhoven,
who left Holland on May 5th, following the same route; for we know that this skip-
per was sent out by Isaac Le Maire on the same track as Hudson. [3] This theory
would satisfactorily explain why Hudson was detained in England on his return.
Hudson was, then, engaged in 1609 by the Dutch East India Company, for a
voyage of discovery, in which he was to seek a new route to the Indies by way of the
North, that is, along the northern coast of Russia and Siberia, passing "around by
the North Side of Nova Zembla"; and the contract, which was signed on January 8,
1609, further provided that he should "continue thus along that parallel until he shall
be able to sail Southward to the latitude of sixty degrees." The Journals and log-
books which he was to keep, and such charts as he might make during the voyage,
were, upon his return, to be delivered to the Dutch East India Company. ["*]
The original contract between Hudson and the East India Company has disap-
peared, but a copy is, fortunately, still preserved in The Hague Archives, and forms
part of an unpublished manuscript history of the East India Company, prepared by
P. van Dam, Counsel of the Company from 1652 to 1706. This copy of the
contract is accompanied by an abstract of certain "Instructions," which Van Dam
states were issued to Hudson at the same time, and among these is an express injunc-
tion that Hudson was "to think of discovering no other routes or passages, except the
route around by the North and North-east above Nova Zembla"; with, however, this
additional provision, that "if It could not be accomplished at that time, another route
should he considered in connection with a subsequent voyaged Murphy {Henry Hudson
in Holland, p. 39), suggests "The instructions seem, particularly by the last clause,
to have contemplated such a contingency of failure in the North-east as actually
occurred, and to have left no course for the master to pursue except to return home.
Yet," he adds, "we must not judge too hastily that such was the intention. There
is another construction, less harsh, which may have been adopted by Hudson. It may
be possible that the idea of the vessel being stopped at the outset, by the ice, before
reaching Nova Zembla or entering upon the exploration at all, as was the fact, never
occurred to the minds of the Directors, and such a difficulty was not the failure
provided against by them. In this case, Hudson would certainly have had a discre-
tionary power to employ the ship for the time, at least, for which the crew was engaged,
to the best advantage of the owners, consistently with the purposes for which she
was equipped; and the consent to that course, of the crew, and particularly of the
officers of the vessel, who were all consulted on the subject by Hudson," Murphy
thinks, "shows that they at least so thought."
Although Van Dam states [Henry Hudson in Holland, p. 33) that Hudson sought
another route — through Davis Strait — contrary to his instructions, the fact that no
[3] See p. 65.
[4] Copy of the contract of the Dutch East India Company with Henry Hudson, January 8, 1609; printed in
EngHsh and in Dutch by Murphy in his Henry Hudson in Holland, pp. 32, no: "journalen, coursen, kaerten"
(journals, log, charts). The original contract, which was attested before an unnamed notary at Amsterdam, seems
to be lost. I examined the original registers of the following notaries: Bruyning (1607 to 1609, Vols, numbered 83 to
90), Heyningh, Meerhout, and Salomon Hendricks, without encountering it.
HUDSON'S MAPPING 43
really contemporary record has been found containing the charge that he broke his
contract seems significant.
Whatever may have been the intention of the contract, it is clear, from an exami-
nation of the facts, that Hudson, from the inception of the voyage, had in mind the
possibility — even the likelihood — of a search for a passage to the Orient by way
of North America, and that he, therefore, took every precaution to supply himself,
before sailing, vs^ith all available information bearing upon such a route. This is
conclusively shov^n by Murphy in his admirable little treatise, above referred to,
which was pubhshed in 1859, and still remains the most valuable contribution to our
knowledge of Hudson.
We are familiar with the results of this, Hudson's third voyage. Finding no
thoroughfare to the East because of the ice, he turned westward, and, having encoun-
tered difficulties in the neighbourhood of Penobscot Bay,['^^] abandoned his newly
formed plan of seeking a passage through Davis Strait, turned southward and,
guided by the information supplied by Plancius, and by letters and maps sent to him
by his friend John Smith, captain in Firginia,[^] searched for an opening to the Western
or South Sea, which he hoped to find somewhere to the north of Virginia.
Approaching from the north, he was compelled by the shoals near Cape Cod to
keep to the open sea, until he sighted land near Chesapeake Bay, thus following the
same route as his Spanish predecessor, Estevam Gomez, eighty-four years before.
From Juet's log, we know that, having recognised this bay, he turned his bows
northward along an unknown coast-line, in order to seek the so-much-desired passage
that should give access to the South Sea, or the Sea of Verrazzano. So it was that
Hudson, following exactl}' in the track of his predecessor, entered in his turn, on
September 11, 1609, the landlocked harbour which Verrazzano had visited eighty-
five years before, adding, however, to Verrazzano's discovery, that of the great river
which still proudly bears his name.
Having sailed upon this river, up to its navigable head, and having sent a small
boat some distance farther up to explore, Hudson was obliged to relinquish his cher-
ished hope, and to return, with the sad conviction that the thoroughfare which he
hoped to find did not exist, at least in these parts. Further explorations were, for
this voyage, out of the question, and from the bay of this mighty river he turned his
course towards England, "without seeing any land by the way," as we are told by
Juet.[^]
Fearing mutiny among his crew, Hudson landed at Dartmouth in England, No-
vember 7, 1609, and sent a brief summary of his voyage to the Directors of the East
India Company, in Amsterdam; but he was not allowed by the English authorities
to return, himself, to Holland, or to com^nunicate the results of his explorations to his
masters, having been in foreign service without permission of the English King. [7]
In the following year he again went in search of a North West Passage, but this
[4a] Van Meteren, Book XXXI, in J. Franklin Jameson, Narratives of New Netherland. New York, 1909,
PP- 5. 7-
[5 ] E. van Meteren, Belgische Oorlogen. Schotland buiten Dansuiyck, 1611, 4°; fol. 327, reprinted and translated
in Murphy, Henry Hudson in Holland, pp. 6;, 119.
[6 ] Purchas, His Pilgrimes. London, 1625-6, reprinted in Asher, i860, p. 92. See also Chronology, 1609.
[7 ] Van Meteren, fol. 328, reprinted and translated in Murphy, Henry Hudson in Holland, pp. 68, 121.
44 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
time in the service of the EngUsh. We know, alas too well, the tragic end which over-
took the intrepid navigator on this voyage.
Among the authentic facts briefly recorded here, there are two points that demand
our special attention. The first of these is that Hudson received special instructions
as to the disposition of the maps or charts which he should make during the voyage;
the second that, on his return, he was not allowed to communicate the results of his
voyage to his Dutch employers.
We know that Hudson was well educated, and that he was familiar with the art of
map-making may readily be seen from the maps which he made of the northern regions.
It is, therefore, practically certain that he drew charts during this voyage in 1609,
but, unfortunately, we do not know what became of these charts. That they did not
reach the Dutch East India Company is clear from the words used by Van Meteren,
when he tells us that Hudson was detained in England and was not allowed to return
to his Dutch employers: "dat nochtans vreemt velen dunckt, dat men de schippers
niet toelaten sonde rekeninge ende rapport te doene van haren dienst ende besoigne,
etc., aen hun meesters zynde wtgesonden voor tghemeyne benefitie van allerhande
navigatien," [^] which is thus translated by Read: "Many persons thought it rather
hard and unfair that these sailors should thus be prevented from laying their accounts
and reports before their employers, chiefly as the enterprise in which they had been
engaged was such as to benefit navigation in general." [9]
I have recently found a confirmation of this quotation from Van Meteren in an
unpublished document preserved in the Spanish State Archives at Simancas. In a
letter to the Spanish King, dated from Brussels December 2, 161 1, the Marques de
Guadeleste gives an account of Hudson's fourth voyage, which he got from a Dutch
correspondent of the Spanish Crown residing in Zeeland. This friend had received
news from London that "Juan" Hudson had found the North West Passage. He
introduces Hudson in these words: "Juan Hudson que por lo passado de nuestra
compailia de Cost India alia ha sido embiado hazia el norte y despues llego aqui en
Ingalaterra y a sus amos no hizo toda la razon:" — "Juan Hudson who some time ago
was sent from there [Holland] by our East India Company to the north, and has
since arrived here in England, and did not give a full report to his employers." {^°\
This information is greatly strengthened by the fact that in Holland no reference
has been found to maps of the Hudson River region by Hudson, and that all attempts
made to find such maps, by Asher, Brodhead, Murphy, Read,["] and many others,
and lastly by myself, have entirely failed.
On none of the Dutch maps published during the years immediately following
Hudson's discovery is the Hudson River delineated. This omission is the more
striking, because most of these maps give Hudson's "wintering" in 161 1 in Hudson
Bay.
Even Hessel Gerritsz, the official cartographer of the Dutch East India Company,
and the best-informed authority in Holland in connection with the latest discoveries,
[8 ] Murphy, pp. 68, 121.
[9 ] J. M. Read, Historical Inquiry concerning Henry Hudson. Albany, 1866, p. 66.
['°] Archives of Simancas, Secretaria de Estado, Leg. 2293.
[»■] Read, p. 157, note 3: "Mr. Murphy was unable to discover any traces of Hudson's papers in Holland."
HUDSON'S MAPPING 45
gives no information about the Hudson River on his map in Detectio Freti [Hudsoni],
1612, a work deahng especially with Hudson's discoveries. If he had known of a map
of the Hudson River, and by Hudson himself, he surely would have inserted it in
his publication, in which he included Hudson's map of the northern regions.
De Laet, however, in 1625, gives extracts, apparently from a journal of Hudson's
voyage; and on the oldest Dutch map of New Netherland, drawn in 1614 (Adriaen
Block's "Figurative Map," C.Pl. 23), the delineation of Lower New York Bay may
have been taken from a drawing made during Hudson's voyage. ['^] This gives us
ground to assume that when Hudson, on November 7, 1609, sent to the Directors
of the Dutch East India Company a prehminary account of his voyage [ '3] he added
some sort of rough draft. This rough draft may have been given to Adriaen Block
on his voyage in search of Hudson's river, and may have been destroyed after he had
re-found the river.
Hudson's complete journals and finished charts, however, most probably were
kept in England by the authorities, for these were the most important fruits of his
voyage, and would have been recognised as such. Of this there is sufficient proof in
the fact that on the English maps of the period there is shown a knowledge of Hud-
son's exploration of the East Coast, which is not met with in Holland, nor indeed else-
where. This point will be more explicitly discussed later on in this memoir. Here it
will suffice to say that the name "Hudson River" is found on English maps of the
period, beginning with one, of which, curiously enough, we possess only a copy,
printed in a Dutch work in i624,[''^] and again in the following year on Briggs's map
of "The North part of America," engraved by R. Elstracke.['5]
The first Dutch map which bears this name is a large engraved map of the world,
in seven sheets, dedicated by Hugo Allardt, the celebrated cartographer of Amsterdam,
to King Charles II, during his sojourn in Holland, as Pretender, about the year 1660,
and consequently a map on which the evidence of English influence should not be
surprising. ['^]
From these facts, it appears, we must rather look for Hudson's map in England,
where perhaps it has lain for ages, hidden away in some as yet unexplored library or
collection. A search, undertaken by the writers, in connection with the present
work, among the public collections of London, has failed to unearth it, although
but little hope of success was entertained, as many historical researches, made of
late in public and private collections, had not brought it to Hght.['7]
Is there any information to prove that the map has been destroyed.'' A study of
the existing records leads to the following conclusions:
[■2] See later on in this memoir, p. 58, text to note [84] ; and p. 71, text to note [44].
[■3] According to Van Mcteren, "van waer haer meesters de Bewinthebbers in Holland hebben haer reyse ver-
witticht" — whence they have informed their employers, the Directors in Holland, about their voyage. See
Murphy, p. 121. The translation given in that work, on page 67, differs slightly from ours.
[14] "'tNoorder deel van West-Indien. A. Goos sculpsit, " in Athanasius Inga, West-Indische Spieghel. Amster-
dam, 1624, p. 64. See C. PI. 33.
[■S] Published in Purchas, Vol. Ill, pp. 852-3. It is very likely that Briggs and the author of Inga's map used
the same original.
['^] Copy in Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. See Map Descriptions, under date.
[■7] I refer especially to the valuable work done by the Historical Manuscript Commission, by which over 170
volumes have already been issued. There is some hope that this commission may still discover Hudson's map, or an
early copy of it.
46 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
After Hudson's papers had been confiscated, there were two Hkely places where
they might have been preserved: in the archives of the Virginia Company, or among
the records of the Privy Council, in view of the fact that the plantation in Virginia
was handled by the Council of State in England. ['^]
The archives of the Virginia Company, covering the years 1605-16, no longer exist.
They are supposed to have been destroyed in the great fire of London, in 1666.
Alexander Brown, who published virtually all of the documents relating to the old
Virginia Company which were still to be found, says: "I doubt if a single original
from 'the Company's chest' remains." ['9]
The records of the Privy Council met with a no more favourable fate, for the
volumes up to May i, 1613, containing the records of the first ten years of the reign
of James I, were burned in the fire of Whitehall, in i6i8.[^°] It is, therefore, evident
that, if Hudson's map and papers were preserved in their proper place, we must
accept the conclusion that they fell the early victims of fire, the great consumer of so
many records of civilisation.
Fortunately, however, there are exceptions to the general rule, and we may hope
that some official, perhaps, purloined Hudson's map, or removed it for study, or for
safer keeping, to his own abode, and never returned it to the Company. History
proves that documents have often been better preserved in private collections than in
state archives, or in the files of official bodies or large corporations: so that there is
at least some precedent for hope.
On December i, 161 1, Juan de Mancicidor wrote from Mariemont in Belgium to
the Secretary Arostegni in Spain concerning the fourth voyage of Hudson. In his
unpublished letter, which I found in the Simancas Archives,[^'] and which constitutes
the oldest document in which mention is made of the fourth voyage of Hudson, the
writer says that the journal and the maps relating to that voyage were in the hands
of Sir Thomas Smith, Governor of the English East India Company ("El diurnal del
dicho Hudson y juntamente sus cartas estan en manos de Sir Thomas Smits Gov-
ernador de la Compafiia de las Indias Orientales en Inglaterra").
It would not be strange if the records of Hudson's third voyage had also come into
the hands of this very influential person, in whose hfe, unluckily, there also is record-
ed a fire: "On Saturday, January 30, 1619, Sir Thomas Smythe's house at Deptford
was burnt down to the ground, and nothing saved that was in it, except the people,
who escaped narrowly." [^^]
['8] Calendar of Virginia State Papers, etc., 1652-1781. Richmond, 1875, Vol. I, p. 14.
[19] Alexander Brown, Genesis of the United States. London, 1891, Vol. I, p. ix.
In this connection, Brown, in "The First Republic," p. 147, remarks also: "The managers [of the Virginia
Company] had many maps and charts of Virginia, ranging in date from 1607 to 1625 (from Tyndall to Claiborne and
Norwood), and the reason why none of their originals have been found is now well understood. Owing to the party
split in the Company (1622-1624) it came to pass that many of the officials of the first administration, under the
Crown and under the Company, really aided and abetted the Privy Council in the determinarion to restore the govern-
ment of the colony to the Crown and to conceal the record of the Company, and they not only made no effort to preserve
any of their records, maps, etc., but they freely gave all to the king's commissioners. Hence the Company records
for 1606-1619 are mostly missing; but documents still preserved in the Netherlands, France, and Spain, and scattered
about in English repositories, show how very important these records were. These documents illustrate many
important events, but they seldom give the minor particulars."
[20] Acts of the Privy Council of England, Colonial Series, Vol. I (1613-80). Ed. by W. L. Grant, J. Munro,
and A. W. Fitzroy. Hereford, 1908, Preface.
[2'] Secretaria de Estado, Leg. 2293. [*»] See his biography in Brown, Genesis, Vol. II, p. 1014.
HUDSON'S MAPPING 47
Hudson's own map being lost, or, if still in existence, its whereabouts being
unknown, we must try to ascertain from other sources, as nearly as possible, what
it could have contained. Here the log of Juet, preserved by Purchas,[^3] and the
extracts of Hudson's own Journal, given by Van Meteren and De Laet,[^4] are our
principal sources of information.
Passing over the landing, on July i8th, somewhere in the neighbourhood of Penob-
scot Bay, where the crew replaced their broken foremast,[^5] ^g learn from Juet's log
that Hudson saw Cape Cod. De Laet adds that they thought it to be an unknown
land which Hudson named "New Holland," but afterwards he saw that it was Cape
Cod. De Laet also draws attention to the fact that Hudson found Cape Cod Bay
seventy-five leagues more to the west than it was shown on all the maps. They again
sighted land near Cape Charles, at Chesapeake Bay, and De Laet records that Hudson
called this point "De Droge Kaep" (the Dry Cape). Turning again to the north,
and skirting along the coast, Hudson superficially explored Delaware Bay, and, on
September 3, 1609, entered the Lower Bay of New York; from here he sailed through
the Narrows into the Upper Bay, and thence up the "great Riuer, that runneth up
to the North-West" until he reached shoal water, in 42° 40' N.L. Here the "Half-
Moon" anchored, while the "Master's Mate" explored the river some eight or nine
leagues higher up. The latitude is supplied by Van Meteren. [^'^] A point, which can
be identified as Sandy Hook, was named by Hudson, "Colman's Point," because one
of the crew of that name, slain by the Indians, was buried there. [^7] Xhis is the only
name referred to by Juet as bestowed by Hudson. The only other name which
Juet records in this vicinity is "Manna-hata," a name by which, as the text indi-
cates, the western bank of the Hudson, opposite Manhattan Island, was known.
Manhattan Island was not recognised as an island, neither was Long Island, and as
Hudson sailed straight home to England from New York Bay, there was no op-
portunity to explore the coast between New York Bay and Cape Cod.
There is some doubt as to the origin of the names mentioned in this vicinity by De
Laet, as they do not occur on any map of this period known to us. New Holland,
alone, appears for the first time on the several editions of the Janssonius-Visscher
Map, pubHshed after 1650, [^^] and is also mentioned in a memoir on the boundaries
of New Netherland, dated February 16, 1652, [^9] and written by the well-known
Adriaen van der Donck, who might have taken this name from that map.
It is clear that Hudson could have incorporated in his map only the above-
mentioned details from personal observation; for the rest he must have copied from
the maps with which he was familiar.
An inquiry respecting the documents which Hudson took with him on this, his
third voyage, brings to light the fact, already noted, that among these were letters and
[23] Ed. by Asher, cited above.
[24] Joannes de Laet, Nieuwe IVereldt. Leyden, 1625. Passages relating to Hudson reprinted and translated
in Murphy, pp. 132-6, 146-50.
[25] Asher, Henry Hudson the Navigator, p. 60; Murphy, pp. 132, 146.
[26] Murphy, pp. 120, 66.
[27] Asher, p. 80. [28] See Vol. I, PI. 7.
[29] Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State oj New York (N. Y. Col. Docs.). Albany, 1856, Vol.
I, p. 458.
48 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
maps sent to him by his friend John Smith, captain in Virginia. [3°] Alexander Brown
thinks that one of these was a manuscript map of Virginia, supposed to have been made
by Smith before June, 1608, a copy of which he found in the Simancas Archives. [^'J
This subject will be discussed in greater detail further on.
The great and respected adviser of the Dutch navigators of these early years was
Domine Peter Plancius, of Amsterdam, no doubt the most learned cartographer and
geographer that Holland possessed at that time. His relations with Hudson were very
close, and we know that he lent him, on March 27, 1609, just before his departure on
his third voyage, some notes written by the hand of Willem Barendtsz, the Dutch
Arctic explorer, who wintered in Nova Zembla in 1595, [^^] while Hudson presented
him his own map of the northern parts of America. [3^] Plancius, at Hudson's request,
also provided him with the journals of both voyages of Weymouth, undertaken in
1602 and i6o5,[^'^] during which the New England coast between 42° and 44° N.L.
had been explored, and especially the rivers Pemaquid and Sagadahoc. [^5]
I am also convinced that many maps of an earlier period were known to Hudson,
chiefly through Plancius. It is most probable that he knew Verrazzano's map; and
B. F. de Costa and others have already pointed out the resemblance of some portions
of Juet's log to passages in Verrazzano's letter. [3^] I may add here the fact that
Plancius was the author of a map of Nova Francia, published towards the end of the
sixteenth century, in the title of which Verrazzano is specifically named. [^7] Even as
late as 1659 the name and discoveries of Verrazzano were remembered in Holland. P^]
Of course, Hudson knew the world-map of Plancius, the first edition of which, a
wonderful cartographical work engraved on twelve sheets with an ornamental border,
appeared in Amsterdam in 1592, and the only copy of which now known is preserved
in the Colegio del Corpus Cristi, at Valencia, in Spain. As this map has been only
mentioned in literature, without ever having been studied, I made a trip to Valencia
to see it. From the profile which we give on C. PI. 20, it can be seen that this map,
in the delineation of the eastern coast of North America, presents no special features
to distinguish it from other maps of the period. [^9]
As it now appears certain that Hudson's real hope and purpose, should the quest
[30] Van Meteren. See also Winsor, Narrative and Critical History, Vol. IV, p. 397.
[3>] Reproduced in Brown, Genesis, Vol. I, No. LVII, facing p. 184.
[32] Read, p. 153.
[33] Murphy, pp. 44, 46, 123.
[3 4] Ibid. pp. 48, 50, 128.
[35] Sagadahoc, now known as the Kennebec River. See Brown, Genesis, pp. 27, 460; William Strachey,
Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia. Ed. by R. H. Major, Hakluyt Society. London, 1849, p. 158.
[36] B. F. de Costa, Cabo de Baxos. New York, 1881, p. II.
[37] See Catalogue Ghgraphie Voyages; Globes, Cartes, Fues, Matmscrits, Litires. Amsterdam, Frederik Mullet &
Cie, 19 10, No. 949: "Nova Francia . . . anno 1524 a Joanne Verrazzano . . . plenius recognita . . ." This copy
is now in the University Library of Amsterdam. That Plancius was the author of this map has been determined
by investigations, of which only extracts have been published until now (See my articles: "Het ontstaan van het
kaartbeeld van den Indischen Archipel," pp. 9-14 of Catalogus Koloniaal-aardrijkskundige Tentoonstelling. Amster-
dam, 1913; also Nos. 343 to 353 of that Catalogue; and: "Het 4a-jarig bestaan van het Kon. Ned. Aardrijkskundig
Genootschap 1873-1913," p. I et seq. — of: Tijdschrift van het Kon, Ned. Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 2d series.
Vol. XXX [1913].
[38] Winsor, Vol. IV, p. 415, from N. Y. Col. Docs., Vol. II, p. 80. Winsor adds also the maps of Ribero, 1329,
of Thomas Hood, 1592 (Vol. IV, pp. 413-14); and of Vaz Dourado, 1571; and these are only a few out of many
{Ibid., p. 433).
[39] See the full report of my trip to Spain, in the Journal of the Dutch Geographical Society: Tijdschrift van
het Kon. Ned. Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 1914, 1915.
HUDSON'S MAPPING 49
of a north-east passage fail, was to discover, either by way of Davis Strait, or north of
Virginia, in the neighbourhood of 40° N.L., a passage that should lead to the Western
Sea, it is most Hkely that he studied such maps as that reproduced by Hakluyt in 1582
from Michael Lok's map (outline on C. PI. I7),[*°] which shows the Western Sea of
Verrazzano; and also some map similar to the strange world-map of Ottavio Pisanus
(C. PI. 21), which clearly delineates, in this latitude, a river leading to the Western
Sea. It is true that the oldest edition known to us of this map was issued in 1610, but
there are many reasons to believe that editions were published at an earHer date.[*']
Hudson, no doubt, knew also the celebrated MoHneux Map, pubHshed in 1600
(outline on C. PI. 20). This map shows two passages to the west, one by Davis Strait,
the other in the country which was usually known as "Norumbega." The latter
was called "R. de Guamas," which may be identified with the Penobscot River. On
the Molineux Map this river is connected with the St. Lawrence, an idea which had
been already expressed on the map of Nova Francia in Ramusio, 1556 (C. PI. 14).
When Hudson was baffled in the direction of Nova Zembla, he laid before his crew
the two above-mentioned alternatives; one, to direct their search to Davis Strait, the
other, to follow up the suggestion made by Captain Smith, that there was a branch of
the sea leading into the Western Ocean, to the north of the English colony in Virginia,
of both of which possible routes he may have been cognisant, either from the
Molineux Map,['^^] or from another source which we shall now refer to. From a
consideration of all of the known facts, it seems a not unlikely assumption that,
from the outset, Hudson pinned' his chief hope of success upon the last-mentioned
route, and exerted his influence in its favour.
It is more than likely that Hudson's material included a general map, on which
the cartographical details supplied by various special or local maps were brought
together and combined. Such a map, indicating just how much of the east coast
of North America Hudson could have known before he started on his third voyage,
would be of the highest interest. No such map, however, has been known until very
recently, when, after the manuscript of this memoir had been completed, a happy
chance brought into Mr. Stokes's collection a chart which records very fully and
exactly the very information which we suppose Hudson to have possessed (C. PI. 21 a).
This very interesting little manuscript map was issued, probably, by the Virginia
Company, and is unique in its representation of our coast. It is described for the
first time in Bernard Quaritch's Catalogue No. 332 (July, 1914), item 2. It
delineates the coasts of the Northern Atlantic, including the first English settlements
on the soil of the United States.
The author of the catalogue assigns to this map a date but slightly posterior to
the foundation of "James Towne" by the expedition of Sir Thomas Gates, which left
England in December, 1606. It is the earliest known map to both delineate and name
"C. Kod," and it has also the names "Witstanbay" (for Whitsonsbay) and "garda
Hok" (for Sagadahoc). These striking features are found on no other map dgjing
from before 1610. I do not know of any earlier map giving Whitsonsbay, and the
[4°] Reduced facsimile in Winsor, Vol. Ill, p. 40. ^^» ".
[4>] See, for description of this map, Map Descriptions, under date. '>,"'
[42] Hall, pp. 238-40. '''.''■
50 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
oldest printed maps mentioning C. Cod are Alexander's map, 1624, and Briggs's
map, 1625, both published in Purchas. West of Cape Cod, the island of Claudia
("Clade Ilan") is shown, which, for example, is also on the Molineux Map. Further
to the west, original information is lacking and, instead of the actual configuration
of the vicinity of Manhattan Island, we have what appears to be the conventional
sixteenth-century representation of the Penobscot. Following the coast-line, we find,
below this conventional representation, a good picture of Virginia, with Chesapeake
Bay and Jamestown.
The map is neatly drawn on a small vellum roll, and measures 20 by 26 centimetres.
It is coloured in red, green, light brown, and gold, and wound round a wooden roller.
The part of the North American coast which particularly interests us contains
the following names:
"C. de Gamas;" "Belile;" "New Land" (for: Newfoundland); "C. Ras;" "R. de
Canada;" "C. Birton" (for: C. Breton); "I. de Sabla;" "I. Bande;" "Alus marins"
(for: I. aux loups marins); "garda Hok" (for: Sagadahoc); "Witstanbay" (for:
Whitsonsbay); "C. Kod;" "Clade Ilan" (Claudia Island); "C. de aressifes;" "James
Towne;" "C. Charles;" "C. Hennery;" "C. Hattaraste;" "Canada;" "Nova Fran-
cia;" "Virginia;" "Birmuda."
The coast-line of the territory included in the Patent of the Virginia Company,
dated April 10, 1606 (34° to 45° N.L.), is coloured green. The Bermudas are here
named "Birmuda," whereas, from 161 1 onwards, for a considerable period, they
were known as the "Summer Islands," being called after Sir George Somers, who
died there in that year.
On comparing this map with a modern chart, it is evident that our East Coast is
pretty accurately delineated, except for the stretch of shore, which may be described,
roughly, as lying between Cape Cod and Chesapeake Bay. Here, apparently, a
conventional picture of Penobscot Bay is introduced, which, of course, ought to be
placed east, not west of Cape Cod. The stretch of the coast which was unknown to
the author of this map is exactly that portion which was still un-mapped when Hudson
left Amsterdam on his third voyage, and it was just this portion which he intended to
explore, should his search for a passage to the Orient by the North prove unsuccessful.
It seems, therefore, not extravagant to suppose that a map similar to this Vir-
ginia Company Chart was in the possession of Hudson on his eventful third voyage,
when he entered the harbour of New York, saw Manhattan Island, and sailed up
the river which has since been known by his name.
It is very significant that, through what seems to be the misplacement on this
map of the Penobscot, a large river appears north of Virginia, in about 40° N.L.,
;; in which neighbourhood, as we know, Hudson hoped to find such a river, or passage,
/•which Captain Smith had informed him existed north of Virginia. These facts
'■ naturally suggest the idea that a map similar to ours was supplied by Smith to
' Hudson. It is indeed a remarkable coincidence that, just as the materials for this
' ni'emoir had been completed, a map should come to light which so fully and accurately
portrays the information which guided Hudson on his third voyage.
Schri.q minor details, explained further on in this memoir, will show still more
' strikingly .the close connection of this chart to Hudson's map material.
HUDSON'S MAPPING 51
Thus equipped with the manuscript-maps and journals of Smith and Weymouth
and with a knowledge of the printed maps then available, and possessed of some
such general map as that just described, Hudson may be safely assumed to have been
famiUar with all that had been explored on the East Coast, up to the time of his
leaving Holland. This seems to be further proved by the direction of his course, as
related by Juet. When he comes upon a known point near Penobscot Bay, and again
at Cape Cod, he at once seeks the open sea; but as soon as unknown parts, not shown
on his maps, are reached, he closely hugs the coast, as, for instance, he did near Cape
Charles, after turning back towards the north; and he enters, without hesitation,
the first great river he encounters, which he may have supposed to be the river of
Ottavio Pisanus's map, or that of the Virginia Company Chart.
In view of the knowledge of the East Coast which we now know Hudson possessed
before his third voyage, and of the information which he obtained as a result of his
explorations on that voyage, we cannot but see a close connection between him and a
map dating from this period, which depicts very minutely his discoveries. ['*"] This
very important document is known as the"VELASCO Map," and was discovered in 188-
by Alexander Brown, in the Simancas Archives (C. Pis. 22 and 22a).[+3] This map,
which depicts the eastern coast of North America, was copied from a map brought
home, apparently about December, 1610, [+3^] by a surveyor sent to America by King
James I. On the original map, this surveyor had evidently delineated all the carto-
graphical information he was able to acquire. The copy was procured in some way
by the Spanish Ambassador in London, Don Alonso de Velasco, and was sent by him
to the Spanish King, on March 22, 161 1, apparently some three months after the
surveyor had returned to England. The map was accompanied by a letter in
cipher, from which the following extract has been taken.
The exact words used by Velasco in his letter to the King are:
Este Ray embio un ingeniero el ano passado, a recono9er aquella Prouincia y abra
tres meses que boluio y le ha presentado la planta de todo de lo que pudo descubrir,
cuya copia embio a V. M. cuya Catf^^ persona, etc. [44] This King sent last year an
engineer [surveyor] to survey that Province, and it will [soon] be three months since
he returned and presented to him [King James] the plan [or map] of all that he could
discover, a copy of which I send Y. M. whose Catholic person, etc.
The Spanish words "y abra tres meses que boluio" are somewhat ambiguous.
They may be interpreted to mean that the surveyor returned about three months
before Velasco wrote his letter — which we accept as by far the most likely meaning
— or that he returned after having been away about three months, which translation
[42a] This connection was, I believe, first noted by B. F. de Costa in his essay on the Explorations of the
North American Coast previous lo the Voyage of Henry Hudson ; Chap. I of The Memorial History of the City of New
York. In this essay De Costa presents much interesting and suggestive material in condensed form.
[43 ] See Brown, Genesis, No. CLVIII (p. 457).
[43a] Probably in the ship "Dainty." See Brown, Genesis, Vol. I, p. 455, foot-note.
[44 ] Copied by me from the original document in the Simancas Archives, Estado, leg. 2588, fol. 22. This
document is the ofBcial, deciphered copy, made by a clerk, of Velasco's original letter. The original letter, in
cipher, was not found in the Archives. A transcript of the Spanish original of this letter, together with transcripts
of the other Simancas documents, reproduced in translations only, in Brown's Genesis, is now preserved in the
New York Public Library, Manuscript Division, to which they were donated in 1898 by George L. Rives, Esq.
The collection contains also a few unpublished transcripts.
52 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
can, however, I believe, be disregarded, as it is not possible that three months would
have sufficed for so long a journey and the preparation of such a chart. It is conceiv-
able that what is meant is that the explorer returned three months after having
completed his survey, but this would be a far-fetched and, on the whole, improbable
rendering.
If the unknown explorer of 1610 did not return to England in the "Dainty" in
December, three months before Velasco wrote his letter to the Spanish King, the
connection between Hudson and the original of the Velasco Map would require some
other explanation than the one which we are about to set forth.
Although we do not know how this map came into Velasco's hands, it appears from
other documents in the Simancas Archives, that he had sent spies to Virginia, or, at
least, that he intended to do so, in May, 161 1; ['^^] from which fact we may assume
that he had done so before. We know also that he had received very early informa-
tion concerning Hudson's last voyage, and was expected to investigate this matter
more fully. [46]
The Velasco Map delineates the coast from Newfoundland to Virginia, including
within its hmits Newfoundland, the south coast of Labrador, New Brunswick, Nova
Scotia, the territory surrounding the St. Lawrence as far as the Great Lakes, Maine,
New England, New York, New Jersey, and Virginia.
The representation of Newfoundland, Labrador, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia,
and the St. Lawrence presents no features of particular interest, but reproduces the
characteristics of these parts as they were commonly represented at the time. It is,
however, quite another matter with the coasts occupied by the English — New England
and Virginia, and the still unoccupied stretch between these two English settlements.
We see at a glance that here it is the author's intention to give the results of the most
recent explorations, and a careful examination brings out the very interesting fact
that, on this map, the tract explored by Hudson is accurately given.
Examining the entire coast-line, beginning with Penobscot Bay, we find several
names given originally by the first explorers of these regions: as, for instance, the
Island of St. George,[+7] so named by Popham in 1607; ["f^] the river Sagadahoc, [•^^J
deriving its name from Weymouth in 1605; "Whitson's Hed" and Whitson's Bay, the
original names bestowed upon Cape Cod and its bay by Pring, in 1603 ;[5°] and Cape
Cod, the name given to Cape Malabar, in 1602, by Gosnold,[^'] who also named
"Marthaes Viniard" and "Elizabeth Island," [5^] all three of which names are on the
Velasco Map. Even the cross, possibly erected by Weymouth, at the bend of the
Tahanock, June 13, 1605, is shown on this map.[^^-] There are also some new
forms; for example, Pemaquid, named thus by Weymouth, in 1605, [5+] is called
[■ts] Simancas Archives, Secretaria de Estado, Leg. 2641, copied in Buckingham Smith Manuscripts, N. Y.
Hist. Society, Vol. XX.
[46] El Marques de Guadeleste, in sending from Brussels, December 2, 161 1, to the Spanish King a report of
Hudson's fourth voyage, says: "Don Alonso de Velasco deve dar mas luz de todo a Vuestra Magestad y para que el
la tenga por sino ha llegado a su noticia se lo escrivire yo y le remitire una copia." Unpublished document in the
Simancas Archives, Secretaria de Estado, Leg. 2293.
[47] Now Monhegan Island. [48] Strachey, p. 168.
[49] Now Kennebec River; Idem, p. 159. [5°] Brown, Genesis, p. 1052.
[S>] Strachey, p. 156; Juet's Log, Asher, p. 66. [s^] Strachey, p. 156.
[53] Brown, Genesis, p. 460; John Romeyn Brodhead, History of the State of New York. New York, 1853, Vol.
I, p. 9. [54] Strachey, p. 159.
HUDSON'S MAPPING 53
"Tahanock" on theVelasco Map, and the Penobscot, mentioned by this name by Pop-
ham, in 1607, [55], here reappears as "R. Pemerogat." Other names given in the
journals of these discoverers are here omitted, such as Gosnoll's Island, [5^] GosnoU's
Hope, [57] Segohquet (Popham, 1607), [5^] the province of Sabino, mentioned by
Strachey in the year 1607, [59] and Semianis, referred to by Gilbert in 1607. [^°] On
the other hand, several names appear on the Velasco Map which are not recorded in
earlier documents: for instance, "I. haute," [^'] "lies Basses," etc.
The newly discovered Virginia Company Chart is on a much smaller scale than the
Velasco Map, but even under these circumstances it affords important points of
comparison, both in the direction of the coast-line and in the names. We refind
on it, for instance, C. Cod, Whitson's bay, the island of Claudia, and Sagadahoc,
although nearly all of these names are in corrupted form, probably an indication that
it is a copy; in which case it is fair to assume that the original was in even closer
accord with the Velasco Map.
Although it cannot be positively asserted that the Virginia Company Chart
antedates the Velasco Map, its priority seems, on the whole, altogether probable,
especially when we assume the close connection of Hudson with both.
As to the direction of the coast-line on these two maps, we have no basis for com-
parison, as the maps drawn by these earliest surveyors have for the greater part
disappeared. We know that Martin Pring made a map of North Virginia, which is
now lost,[^^] and that Tyndall made a "draughte of our River," also lost. [^3] A map
of Virginia, dating from 1608, and one of the same date, by Tyndall, of the James
and York Rivers, and a map of St. George Fort, by John Hunt (1607), have been
preserved, and were published by Alexander Brown. [^4]
Alexander Brown notes [^5] that the delineation of Virginia on the Velasco Map is
identical with that on the first engraved map of that country, made by William Hole
for Captain John Smith, in 161 2, and he is strongly of the opinion that the two were
copied from originals drawn by the same draughtsman — perhaps Smith himself, or
a surveyor who worked for him.
There remains to be considered the portion of the Velasco Map lying between
Virginia and New England. Here we find Delaware Bay partly delineated, the
entrance at about 39° N.L.; at 40° the entrance to a river stretching to the south-west;
and, at about 40° 30', a very striking picture of New York Bay, in which one large
island is figured, and into which three rivers empty, one of which, extending to the
north-north-east, and later to the north, is delineated nearly as far as 43° N.L. A
tributary, joining this river at that point, springs from a great lake at a point mid-
way between the 43d and 44th parallels.
This whole stretch, which is shown here with much accuracy of detail, does not
appear on any earlier map, and there can be no reasonable doubt that it represents the
[5 5] Ibid., p. 167. [56] Ibid., p. 156.
[5 7] Ibid., p. 42. Now Rhode Island. [S8] Ibid., p. 167.
[59] Ibid., p. 172. [60] Ibid., p. 173. Now Cape Elizabeth.
[6'] Now Isle au Haul. [62] Brown, Genesis, p. 99.
[63] Ibid., p. 109. [64] Ibid., LVII, LVIII, XLVI, pp. 184, 190, 151.
[65] Alexander Brown, Tke First Republic in America. Boston and New York, 1898, pp. 146-7.
54
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
results of Hudson's discoveries, agreeing as it does, in every essential particular, with
the journal of Juet, even to the indefinite outline of Delaware Bay, which, it will be
remembered, Juet tells us, Hudson had no opportunity thoroughly to explore, owing
to its many shoals, and because of the lack of "a small pinasse." [^^] The entrance
to a river, which is seen between Delaware and New York Bays, evidently depicts one
of the many inlets which exist along that coast, probably Barnegat Inlet. ["^7] Sandy
Hook is very conspicuous on the Velasco Map, and it will be remembered that this
point acquired a special interest on Hudson's voyage, as the "Half-Moon" anchored
during five days in its vicinity, and as here was buried the first member of the ship's
company to be slain by the Indians. [^^]
The three rivers flowing into the Outer Bay, and the other features depicted on the
map, correspond pretty accurately with Juet's description. [^9] It is true that the map
clearly indicates the insularity of Staten Island, which is not mentioned by Juet;
but it is, I think, fair to assume that Hudson learned of its insularity from the Indians.
So prominent a feature in the foreground of his view, during his five days' sojourn
near Sandy Hook, could hardly have escaped his curiosity, and we know that during
this period he was in constant communication with the natives, and may even have
penetrated the Raritan River and the Arthur Kill, during one of the sounding
expeditions referred to by Juet.
We must remember that our theory brings the Velasco Map into connection with
Hudson, and not with Juet. We know that Juet's Journal did not always agree with
Hudson's record, but we may, I think, safely assume that such minor discrepancies
as exist would disappear if we but knew the contents of Hudson's own log.
The hypothesis of deriving the picture of the Lower Bay on the Velasco Map
from Hudson's explorations, is supported by the fact that the first Dutch map
delineating this bay (the Figurative Map of Adriaen Block, drawn in 1614; C. PI. 23)
gives pretty nearly the same representation of it as is found on the Velasco Map. The
coincidence can be explained only by assuming that the original from which the
Velasco Map was copied, and the map from which Adriaen Block took his picture,
had the same origin. Adriaen Block may have used a rough draft, sent over by Hud-
son to Holland before his papers were confiscated and he himself was detained in
England. [7°] Hence, in England, there could be only one map resembhng that draft,
namely, Hudson's finished map, retained by the authorities.
Although Rockaway Inlet, generally considered to be the third of the three great
rivers mentioned by Juet, is not shown on the Velasco Map, the shoals which he
mentions before the entrance to the Narrows are very conspicuously figured. On the
tracing made by Alexander Brown, and published in his Genesis, this distinctive
feature is not reproduced. It came to light only through a personal examination of the
original map in the Simancas Archives. Our Plate C. 22A, which gives a reproduction
of Hudson's discoveries as portrayed on the Velasco Map, explains this point for the
first time. Manhattan Island did not appear, as such, on the Velasco Map, although
the two names, "Manahata" and "Manahatin," are there found, respectively, on the
[66] Asher, p. 74. [67] Ibid., pp. 75, 76.
[68] Ibid., p. 80.
[69] For discussion of Juet's description, with attributions, see Chronology, September, 1609.
[70] See pages 45, text to note ['^l; 58, text to note [84]; 71, text to note [44].
HUDSON'S MAPPING 55
west and east shores of the Hudson, the latter near the head of the Upper Bay, at
about the point where Manhattan Island actually lies. It is not strange that
Hudson should have failed to recognise the insularity of Manhattan, as the entrance
to the Harlem River has, even to-day, nothing to suggest a strait separating the
Island from the mainland. It is, however, difficult to account for the fact that he
did not notice the mouth of the East River, or, at least, did not record it, although
on a close examination of our full-size facsimile of this part of the Velasco Map,
we see two inlets on the eastern bank of the river, the northern one being some-
what below 41°, which corresponds with the true latitude of Harlem River. We
may, perhaps, recognise in these two inlets the Harlem and East Rivers; the stretch
of land between the two being, then, the western shore of Manhattan Island.
The course of the Hudson River, as depicted on the map, offers an even more
striking resemblance to Juet's description, and corresponds so closely with its real
course that it must have been drawn here after very careful observations.
We notice especially the green mountains, depicted on the map at about 41° 20',
and corresponding with Juet's "Streight betweene two points," reached on Septem-
ber 14th, where there was "very high land on both sides." This point is described by
Moulton as situated "between Stony and Verplanck Points near Peekskill," which is
at 41° 25'.
From Juet's detailed description, we see that Hudson was very desirous of record-
ing the course of the river in all its essential detail, and it is very suggestive and note-
worthy that the river is shown in detail on the Velasco Map, almost exactly up to the
point that must have been reached by Hudson's small boat, which, Juet tells us,
continued to the "end of the river's navigablenesse," about eight or nine leagues above
the spot where the "Half-Moon" was halted by shallow water. The northern limit
reached by the "Half-Moon" is given by Van Meteren as 42° 40', although the point
is generally believed to have been a few minutes farther north, at about 42° 48', or just
above Cohoes and the confluence of the Mohawk River, which confluence is plainly
shown on the Velasco Map.
But by far the most suggestive and striikng point of resemblance between the
Velasco Map and Juet's Journal is the fact that, on this whole section of the map, no
names are found, except "Manahata" and "Manahatin," and that in Juet's descrip-
tion, with the sole exception of Colman's Point, no other name is given than "Manna-
hata," [7'] which, as on the Velasco Map, is described as situated on the west bank of
the river, and not on the east, where it was later located by the Dutch. [7^]
[71] Asher, p. 91.
[72] Moulton {History of New York. N. Y., 1826, Vol. I, p. 272), who very carefully, if not always convincingly,
locates the various points along the Hudson River described by Juet, places " Manna-hata " on the western bank, which
seems to be justified by a careful examination of Juet's description. The "cliffe, that looked of the colour of a
white greene, as though it were either copper or silver myne," probably describes the rocky bluff at Hoboken. It is
evident, from the text, that this cliff was very near the mouth of the river, out of which they ran early the following
morning, as we are told that by 12 o'clock they had run through the Narrows and were clear of all the inlet. As
there are no cliffs worthy of the name near the south end of Manhattan Island, it seems clear that the cliff here
described, which was "on that side of the river that is called Manna-hata," was on the western bank, and it can,
almost undoubtedly, be identified as Hoboken, although Asher dissented from this view (p. 91, note 2). As a further
proof of the correctness of this assumption, attention is called to the fact that the "Half-Moon," having been
driven on the shore of the bay near the foot of the cliff, was driven off again by a "north-northwest" wind, which, of
course, could not have happened if she had been lying off the Manhattan shore.
56 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
As an additional point of similarity between the Velasco Map and Hudson's route,
as described by Juet, attention is called to the location of Cape Malabar by the latter,
in 40° 10' N.L., which Purchas, in a marginal note, corrects to 41° io';[73]and also to the
fact that Purchas gives to it the name of Cape Cod. On the Velasco Map, Cape Cod
(which is our Cape Malabar) is in 41°, though its real latitude is 42° 4'. Asher, who
was ignorant of the existence of the Velasco Map, nevertheless supposed that the Cape
Cod of Juet might be identical with our Cape Malabar. De Laet says that Hudson
found after his " besteck " (a route-line drawn on a map) that Cape Cod (Cape
Malabar) lay seventy-five Dutch miles more to the west than it was put on all
maps. [74] With the possible exception of the Virginia Company Chart, I have not
found any map antedating that of Velasco, which gives the name of Cape Cod, a
name which was bestowed by Gosnold in 1602; but on Briggs's map, pubHshed in 1625,
as on the Virginia Company Chart, where it corresponds with Cape Malabar, it is
shown lying nearly due north of the Bermudas, or about five degrees farther to the
east than it should be — which distance, it will be noted, corresponds to the seventy-
five Dutch miles referred to by De Laet. Cape Malabar lies, in reality, five and a
half degrees to the east of Cape Hatteras; on the Velasco Map, somewhat less than
six degrees, consequently nearly in its proper place. It is, therefore, shown on
the Velasco Map in accordance with the corrected survey of Hudson; and this fact
affords strong additional evidence that the Velasco Map is in some way connected
with him.
The name "Manahatin," on the eastern shore of the river, was perhaps put in by
the surveyor by whom the original of the Velasco Map was made. This form is very
suggestive, and perhaps was intended to denote the territory of the island itself.
Tooker, before the Velasco Map was made known by Alexander Brown, explained
Manhattan as a compound, consisting of "Manah "-island, and "atin"-hill.[7S] If
this is not a mere coincidence, we may say that the name of Manhattan Island
appears for the first time on the Velasco Map. [7^]
There remains still to be accounted for the delineation, shown on the Velasco Map,
of the small section of coast including the southern shore of Long Island and the main-
land between its most eastern point and Cape Cod. Juet says very distinctly that
Hudson, after leaving New York Bay, sailed directly to England, without sighting any
[73] Asher, p. 66.
[74] Murphy, pp. 133, 146. Seventy-five Dutch miles are approximately equivalent to 125 English miles.
[75] Cited by W. M. Beauchamp in Aboriginal Place Names of New York, p. 129, in New York State Museum,
Bulletin 108, Archaeology 12. Albany, 1907; Edward Hagaman Hall also accepts Tooker's explanation.
[76] This, and some other conclusions in connection with the Velasco Map, were deduced from facts and docu-
ments, Ijefore my attention was called to the interesting study devoted by Edward Hagaman Hall to Hudson's
voyage, and printed in the Fifteenth Annual Re-port of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. Albany,
1910, pp. 227-346.
I have noted, with great interest, that Mr. Hall and I have come to the same conclusions on most of the chief
points. I differ, however, with him in regard to some of the statements which he makes on pages 304-8 of his
study: Hudson River was not named by Verrazzano "Vendome," but "Angoleme"; or rather this name was bestowed
upon the neighbouring country (see p. 12, text to note [3 8]). I cannot see any connection between the name
Anthony's Nose and the Rio San Antonio, of Oviedo. Indeed, it is very doubtful whether by this name Hudson
River is meant (see pp. 26 and 27). The name Hudson River is not mentioned for the first time in 1622, but is
found as early as 1614 (see p. 69, text to note [25]). I think we are safe in assuming that the Dutch explorer
of 1610 never reached the Hudson River (see pp. 65 and 66, text to notes ['3] and ['*]). For the remarks on huts,
presumed to have been erected on Manhattan Island in 1613, we refer to p. 64, text to notes [6] and [7], and
p. 104.
HUDSON'S MAPPING 57
land; accordingly Hudson cannot be considered as the author of the information
given on this part of the map.
The direction and conformation of this coast-line seem to show that the outline
was not filled in arbitrarily; the form of Long Island, especially, being distinctly
discernible, although Long Island Sound is not shown. In this connection, it will be
remembered, Dermer, in 1619, stated that "heretofore" Long Island "was taken for
mayne."[77]
Who, then, was the surveyor of this important map .? It cannot have been Argall.
Though Strachey tells us that he explored the coast between Cape Malabar and
Chesapeake Bay, [7^] it appears, from Argall's own journal of his voyage, from June
19 to August 31, 1610, that he did not see anything of the coast between Cape Mala-
bar and Delaware Bay;[''9] and, as Argall carefully explored this bay, he would un-
doubtedly have given a better picture of it than we find on the Velasco Map. It seems,
then, that Strachey's statement should be applied only to Argall's explorations in the
neighbourhood of Delaware Bay.
It also seems evident that the mysterious surveyor, whoever he was, sailed along
the coast from west to east, and thus overlooked the eastern entrance to Long Island
Sound. If Argall really had sailed along this coast, going westward from Cape Malabar,
as Strachey says he did, it seems hardly likely that he could have missed Long Island
Sound.
Where, then, shall we look for the author of this connecting link? If Alexander
Brown, who discovered the Velasco Map, and who for several years occupied himself
particularly in collecting all available documents and information relating to these
early explorations, could not identify the surveyor referred to by Velasco, it is not
strange that we have not been more fortunate. I may, however, hazard a suggestion.
There is a place where Van Meteren states that the English intended to send
Hudson again to the river found by him, in order to explore it further. [^°] Comparing
this with the confused statements prevailing in the works of contemporary writers
as to what happened immediately after Hudson's return (Castell, in 1644, even went
so far as to state that Hudson was sent again to the Hudson River by the Dutch in
i6io),[^'] the possibiHty presents itself to my mind that, when Hudson was sent to
Hudson Bay, in 1610, another explorer, whose identity is at present unknown, was
despatched to the region of the Hudson River, in the hope that still another river
might be found on the section of coast left unexplored by Hudson — between his river
and Cape Malabar — and that this river might lead to the Western Sea. We must
suppose this explorer to have been perfectly equipped with the knowledge gathered
recently by Hudson.
There was, in fact, such a man in England at that date, a cartographer, by name
John Daniel, several of whose maps are preserved in the British Museum, and in
Florence in the Biblioteca Nazionale. One of the latter maps shows, in the location
of the outer bay or harbour of New York, a delineation which can, almost without
doubt, be traced to the Velasco Map itself, and, furthermore, gives Hudson's name
[77] Purchas, Vol. IV, p. 1778. [78] Strachey, p. 42.
[79] Brown, Genesis, pp. 428-39. [8°] Murphy, pp. 121, 68.
[8'] W. Castell, Short Discovery oj the Coasts and Continent of America. London, 1644 (Copy in N. Y. Pub.
Lib. and in Brit. Mus.), p. 21.
58 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
to the river on the western bank of which Manhattan is indicated (C. PI. 34 and
page 96).
In the year 1612, the well-known Dutch cartographer Hessel Gerritsz published a
book on Spitzbergen, in which he describes the most recent discoveries near the North
Pole. This treatise is accompanied by a map, which, in his book, Gerritsz says was
"taken from a map by John Daniel, compiled in London in the year i6i2."[^^] On
this map an ice-bank is shown, discovered by Hudson in 1608, which proves that
John Daniel had obtained original information concerning Hudson's explorations.
I present this merely as a possible explanation. As Velasco speaks explicitly of an
"ingeniero" (surveyor) who was sent to America by the English King, this man was
apparently no sailor, captain, or pilot; and thus Velasco's words can be properly
applied to John Daniel, about whom all that we know is that he was a map-maker.
On the Velasco Map, it will be remembered, the Hudson River stops exactly at
the most northerly point reached by Hudson; but the Mohawk, which he did not ex-
plore, is here continued till it connects with a large sea or lake, which no doubt is the
sea mentioned by Popham in his letter of December 13, 1607, which letter was written
from Sagadahoc to King James I, and in which he says: "[the natives] positively
assure me, that there is a certain sea in the opposite or western part of this province,
distant not more than seven days' journey from our fort of St. George in Sagadahoc:
a sea, large, wide and deep, of the boundaries of which they are wholly ignorant: which
cannot be any other than the Southern Ocean, reaching to the regions of China, which
unquestionably cannot be far from these parts." [^^J The Mohawk River and this
great sea, on Velasco's map, are shown in blue, which indicates, as a contemporary
note on the map explains, that their delineation is based upon information obtained
from the Indians.
Adriaen Block, who, as we have remarked already, [^'^] probably borrowed his delin-
eation of Lower New York Bay from a rough draft by Hudson, omits the Mohawk.
This leads to one of two hypotheses: that the Mohawk was not on Hudson's rough
draft, sent over to Holland, but that he added it on his finished map, which was kept
in England; or that we owe this important addition to the unknown surveyor of 1610.
What sources, then, did the unknown surveyor use for his map? We have seen
that only the small tract of coast-line from the western end of Long Island to Cape
Cod was the result of his own observations; for all the other delineations on the map
we can assign earlier discoverers and surveyors. There is, I think, much reason to
believe that he got the information which he lacked for this map from Hudson, in
whose track he sailed, shortly after Hudson's return, and with the purpose of com-
pleting Hudson's explorations. If, then, we omit the coast from the western end of
Long Island to Cape Cod, the delineation of which tract is due to the observations
of this unknown surveyor, we see in the Velasco Map a copy of the chart which Hud-
son brought home after his discovery of the Hudson River.
As Hudson explored the coast only from Cape Charles to New York Bay, and as
he corrected the situation of Cape Malabar, it is evident that he had with him maps
[82] Early Dutch and English Voyages to Spitsbergen in the Seventeenth Century. Ed. by W. Martin Conway,
Hakluyt Society, II, ii (1904), p. 21.
[83] Brown, Genesis, p. 146. [^4] See p. 45, text to note ['2].
HUDSON'S MAPPING 59
(or a map) showing the other coasts as they are indicated on the Velasco Map; and,
as we have shown, this map (or maps) must have closely resembled the Virginia Com-
pany Chart. Such a map (or maps) we know he actually did receive from Captain
Smith of Virginia; and we know, furthermore, that Smith had at his disposal the
results of the work of several surveyors in Virginia and New England, to which he
had probably added surveys made by himself. [^5] It is known that there were at
this time several explorers and surveyors in these regions, and that, at the very mo-
ment of Hudson's visit to New York Bay, and its great river, Champlain was only
a hundred miles or so to the north, and Smith himself, about the same distance to
the south.
Finally, we must call attention to the coloured shading of the Velasco Map.[^^]
We have already spoken of the blue, which, as explained by a contemporary note on
the map, indicates the information derived from the Indians.
It is interesting to note that the brown outline begins at the south, almost precisely
at the point (37° 45') mentioned by Van Meteren as the place where, on August 12th,
the "Half Moon" turned north. There is, apparently, a sHght discrepancy between
this and Juet's description, where the latter speaks of sighting land in 37° 26' on the
seventeenth. It is, however, well known that the latitudes given by Purchas are often
at fault, the errors originating either with this compiler or from the originals which
he used — in this case Juet's log. That the Velasco Map corresponds with Van Meteren,
who used Hudson's log, is another indication that it was based on Hudson's map.
Van Meteren also records that the "Half-Moon" sailed up the river as far as 42°
40'. The map, however, shows the brown outline extending somewhat beyond 43°;
but, as the last thirty miles, or thereabout, were made in the small boat, and not on
the ship, this slight discrepancy is easily explained. The brown colour ends a little
west of the mouth of the Hudson River, which again coincides with what we know of
the extent of Hudson's discoveries; and the section of coast from here to Cape Cod,
or rather to a point somewhat beyond the eastern extremity of Long Island, which
stretch, as we have seen, must have been explored by the unknown surveyor of 1610,
is indicated on the map in sepia. The stretch from there to Cape Cod is in light
reddish brown. Cape Cod itself is in yellow, as are all the other coasts that are
not in green. It seems, therefore, that yellow, green, and reddish brown must indicate
already explored coasts, while brown and sepia stand for those newly discovered. To
sum up our theory briefly: Hudson took with him a chart indicating the coasts in
green, yellow, and reddish brown; the coast-line which he discovered was added on
this chart in a different colour — brown; and his successor, the mysterious unknown
explorer of 1610, used a sepia shade for the delineation of the tract which he added
[8s] See Brown, The First Republic in America, pp. 146-7. A full description of Smith's map of Virginia, in
P. Lee Phillips, Virginia Cartography, a Bibliographical Description (Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 1039.
Washington, 1896), pp. 19-34.
[86] Our reproduction in colours of the Velasco Map, C. Plate 22, exactly corresponds with the original. The
colour work has, very obligingly, been done by the expert hand of the kind Director of the Archives of Simancas,
Don Juan Montero Conde, and has been carefully compared with the original by the present author. In the New
York Public Library, there is preserved a modern coloured copy of the Velasco Map, the original copy made for
Alexander Brown, on which apparently all the green of the original is rendered by blue, and the sepia is not
expressed, separately, but is merged with the brown, thus destroying the striking correspondence of the brown colour-
ing of the original with Hudson's route.
6o THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
from his explorations. In the colouring, too, we find some resemblance between the
Velasco map and the Virginia Company Chart, which, on other grounds as well (as
we have seen), has been brought into close relation with Hudson. Newfoundland
for example, is coloured green on both, and Nova Scotia and the south shore of the
Saint Lawrence are in brown, with a broad yellow band of shading. A consider-
able part of this stretch, it will be remembered, is in yellow on the Velasco map.
Summarising, in more precise and detailed form, the principal points of the fore-
going hypothesis, it seems fair to conclude that Hudson took with him, on his third
voyage, a map, or maps, similar to the Velasco Map, but portraying only vaguely the
region between Cape Charles and Cape Malabar; that this map (or maps) v/as sent
to him by Captain Smith, embodied the entire knowledge (possessed by the EngHsh)
of the East Coast, and must have resembled, closely, the Virginia Company Chart;
that Hudson added to this map the delineation of the coast between Cape Charles
and the western extremity of Long Island, including the course of the Hudson River;
and, finally, that his mysterious successor, who was, perhaps, the well-known cartog-
rapher John Daniel, completed this coast-Hne, by adding, in more detail and with
greater accuracy, the tract between New York Bay and Cape Cod.
Until the re-discovery of Hudson's chart, the Velasco Map must fill its place, and,
as we have shown that it must resemble Hudson's chart very closely, its great
importance is manifest, which importance is still more evident when we compare it
with the Virginia Company Chart.
We must leave to future historians the task of considering the facts and argu-
ments here briefly stated, and the deduction of new facts therefrom; but the unex-
pected discovery, at the last moment, of this very important document, gives us an
opportunity to indicate, very briefly, the main conclusions which can be anticipated.
The Virginia Company Chart throws new light on Hudson's career, and helps to
explain parts which, till now, were but vaguely understood. We can now appreciate
the full importance of the maps sent to him by his friend Captain Smith, and can
understand how great was the value to the Dutch of the knowledge which thus
came into Hudson's possession. The maps which existed in the Low Countries at
that date showed practically no real knowledge of the American coast north of
Virginia, and this lack of positive knowledge led to such fantastic representations as
we encounter on Pisanus's map and on the earlier editions of the Van Langren Globe.
On the Virginia Company Chart, we find for the first time recorded a positive and
relatively accurate knowledge of the coast-line north and east of the suspected passage
in the neighbourhood of 40° N.L., including Cape Cod and extending to a point
midway between the 43d and 44th degrees.
In view of the important advance in knowledge concerning these regions which
we are now aware that the English had, at this time, recently made — beyond that
possessed by the Dutch — we see at once the motive which actuated the English King
in forbidding Hudson to enter the service of the Dutch; and our theory, which was
based primarily on the document found in the Spanish Archives, and cited above,
is thereby very materially strengthened. With this new chart before us, it is easy
HUDSON'S MAPPING 6i
to understand the full consequence of Hudson's action in placing his knowledge and
his person at the command of a foreign nation, whereby the profits gained were
acquired at the cost of his own country. It, therefore, becomes clear why Hudson
did not enter Chesapeake Bay, where, as Juet informs us, "were our Englishmen,"
whose presence was, of course, a very good reason why he should avoid that harbour.
It is true, the Dutch received but scanty information of Hudson's discoveries,
because of his detention in England after the return from his third voyage; and new
expeditions were required to re-find the great river which he had discovered, as will
be seen in the next chapter. But the preliminary report which he was able to send
to Holland sufficed to raise the interest of the Dutch merchants, and to direct their
enterprises to those regions which, before Hudson, had remained unvisited by the
Dutch.
The settlement of the Dutch on Manhattan Island and their influence upon the
origin and early development of the City of New York are, therefore, seen to be due
largely to the political imprudence of Captain Smith, in sending his maps and other
information to Hudson.
PLATES
2I-22-A
C PL21
OCTAViaS PISANTTS C . 1610 .
» ^
C. PUTE 2lA
>'
V
\
:N:0VA T^RANClA
i^lAl^ X>tLr }
XJPE.
A^ Q^^
SV,
^VR
'>y Tl
>
^B.vz;iLiA •
THE VIRGINIA COMP;
C.PL. 21.A
XOC "Ll A 1/TS
xmm_.
CHART. 1606-08.
C.PL. W
VELASCO MAP, 1610.
CHAPTER III
FIRST DUTCH SURVEYS OF THE VICINITY OF
MANHATTAN ISLAND
(THE FIGURATIVE MAPS OF BLOCK
AND HENDRICKS)
1614-1616
CHAPTER III
FIRST DUTCH SURVEYS OF THE VICINITY
OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
(THE FIGURATIVE MAPS OF BLOCK AND HENDRICKS)
1 6 1 4- 1 6 1 6
DURING the years immediately succeeding Hudson's visit to New York Bay
in 1609, we are very much in the dark as to what took place in America, as
well as in England and Holland, as a sequel to his discoveries. If Velasco
had not distinctly stated, in his letter to the Spanish King, that a certain surveyor,
sent by James I, had returned to England about three months before he (Velasco)
wrote his letter (see Chap. II, note 44), and that this surveyor had presented a
map to the King, on which he had drawn all that he had been able to discover, we
should, perhaps, doubt even the existence of such a surveyor.[']
For the enterprises undertaken by the Dutch between 1609 and 1614, contem-
porary documents, similar in importance to Velasco's letter, are entirely lacking,
although historians and others, writing shortly after the events took place, record
that the Dutch visited these shores during this period, and perhaps even earlier.
Briefly summed up, these records are as follows:
In 1598, Dutch whalers, sent out by Gerrit Bicker and some other Dutch patrons,
were at the "North" and "South" Rivers (the Hudson and the Delaware). This was
recorded by the Directors of the Dutch West India Company, in 1644. [^] ^^ 1607,
Dutch vessels were at Canseau, on the shores of the river of Canada. [3] In 1610,
['1 It is rather strange that there is nowhere to be found the slightest reference or hint concerning this event,
either in printed or in MS. documents. After investigations in English and Dutch depositories, a special search was
made in the Simancas Archives, among the correspondence of the Spanish Ambassadors, but without result. A
negative statement is all that has been found, namely, a letter of information, sent from Amsterdam, September
7, 161 1 (Secretaria de Estado, Leg. 2293). The anonymous writer gives an account of the several expedi-
tions sent to the North by the English and the Dutch, and, referring to the voyage of Hudson, and to the English
expedition of 161 1, says, " Este es lo que se ha hecho en Inglatierra los anos de 1608 y 1609. En el aiio de 1610 no han
tentado nada." The third voyage of Hudson is referred to in these curious words: "En Holanda en el ano 1609 la
compania de las Indias Orientales temiendo que los Ingleses salienen con su empresa ha tambien ymbiado un navio
hazia el Norte que ha hecho muy poco o nada."
[2] A'. Y. Col. Docs., Vol. I, pp. 139, 140; see also Daniel van Pelt, Were the Dutch on Manhattan Island in 1598?,
in the National Magazine (1S91-2), pp. 91, 97, 179. B. F. de Costa, in his Cabo de Baxos, cites another authority
in support of this information. This is, however, even less convincing. Bradford, who lived in Holland in 1608,
writes, in a letter of June 15, 1627, to Sir Ferdinand Gorges, that the Dutch on the Hudson "have used trading
these six or seven and twenty years."
[3] E. B. O'Callaghan, History of New Netherland. New York, 1848, Vol. I, p. 32 (foot-note), citing Belknap,
"Biog. L 337."
64 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
shortly after the news of Hudson's discovery had reached Holland, some Amsterdam
merchants despatched a ship to the same regionsj'^] and, in i632,[5] the West India
Company, in a letter to the States-General, declared that, in 1610 and the follow-
ing years, Dutch inhabitants "had resorted thither ... to the North River, com-
monly called the Manhattes." O'Callaghan's unsupported statement that, in 1612,
various vessels were trading along the Hudson, and that, in 1613, huts were built on
Manhattan Island, [^] was based primarily on the Beauchamp Plantagenet pamphlet,
A Description of the Province of New Albion, published in 1648 to bolster up the English
claims, and has been entirely discredited by modern investigations. [7]
A careful research, made especially for the present work, among documents,
published and unpublished, written during the years immediately preceding 1614, has
not succeeded in completely disclosing the enterprises of the Dutch in America during
this period, but it has afforded, nevertheless, authentic material, with the aid of which
an historical representation can be built up, far more closely approaching the real
course of events than the vague statements referred to above.
In a letter, dated August 18, 1607, London, from Dudley Carleton to John
Chamberlain, we find the following statement: "Mr. Porie tells me of a name given by
a Dutchman who wrote to him in Latin from the new towne in Verginia, Jacobopolis,
and Mr. Warner hath a letter from Mr. George Percie who names theyr towne James-
fort, which we like best of all the rest, because it comes neere to Chemes-ford." [^]
Another Dutchman in Virginia was Damasus Blyenburg, born in 1558, a student
of the celebrated Leyden University, and known by several published collections of
Latin poems, and by his correspondence, in Latin,with his professors. Specimens of
his letters are preserved in the Royal Library at The Hague. In one of these, written
from The Hague, July 18, 1608, to Bonaventura Vulcanius, the well-known professor
of Greek, he takes leave of him, as he intends to start for Virginia, as a secretary to
Thomas Gates. [5]
In 161 1, the English founded a colony on the James River, in Virginia, in partner-
ship with some German artisans who had been brought over by Newport in 1608,
hence the name of the "Dutch Gap."['°] These "Germans" may have been Dutch,
brought over by Thomas Gates, who, in company with Newport, was in Dutch service
before he went to Virginia.
I do not intend to suggest that Damasus Blyenburg was the intermediary through
whom Smith sent his maps to Hudson, but the presence of Dutchmen in Virginia, at
that early period, makes it easy to believe that their letters called the attention of
Dutch merchants in Holland to that part of the world.
In 1610, according to De Laet, a ship was sent by some Amsterdam merchants to
the region visited by Hudson. Edward Hagaman Hall, in his article on The New
[4] After De Laet, 1625. See Murphy, Henry Hudson in Holland, p. 134.
[5] A^. r. Col. Docs., Vol. I, pp. 51, 52.
[6] E. B. O'Callaghan, The Register of New Neiherland. Albany, 1865.
[7] See Chronology, 1614, and Bibliography, under "Plantagenet."
[8] Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of the Reign of James I, 1603-1610, Preserved in the State Paper
Dept. of Her Majesty's Public Record Office. London, 1857, Vol. XXVIII, No. 34, p. 367.
[9] "Ut cum viro generoso, forti, atque prudenti D. Thoma Gatex Equite Anglo, et Virginiae Americanae Prorege
(qui me inter suos consiliarios eligere dignatus est) dictam Virginiam accederem, quae Regio sita est inter Floridam,
et Novam Franciam, in America occidentali," etc. ['°] Winsor, Nar. and Crit. Hist.,Vo\. Ill, p. 138.
FIRST DUTCH SURVEYS 65
York Commercial Tercentenary, in the Nineteenth Ann. Report of the Am. Seen, and
Hist. Pres. Soc. (p. 465), points out the interesting fact that the promoters of this
voyage were evidently the same as those to whom the exclusive privilege of trade
was granted in 1614, and whose names are given in the grant of October nth of
that year. De Laet, in his first edition (1625), after referring to the ship sent out
in 16 10, continues, "and in the subsequent years their High Mightinesses the States
General granted to these merchants the exclusive privilege of navigating this river
and trading there." The later versions, of 1633 and 1640, add "and our people wintered
there." In connection with the mysterious voyage of this year, I may also note
that in the Records of the Admiralty of Amsterdam (preserved in the Rijksarchief
at The Hague), I recently found the following facts recorded: On February 2, 1610,
Isaac Le Maire, a merchant of Amsterdam, hires the yacht "De Vos" from the
Admiralty for a period of eight months, paying 160 florins a month, but he
expects to return it earlier. He wanted the ship: "tot zeeckere voyage dien hy
voorgenomen heeft te laten doen, daer aen hy verclaerde den Lande grootelyx
aengelegen, ende zeer profytelyk te syn, indien de voorss. voyage geluckich succedeert
gelyck hy verhoopt dat se buyten twyffel doen sal": — "for a certain voyage which
he intended to have undertaken, and which he declared would be very desirable and
profitable to the country, provided the said voyage succeeded fortunately, as with-
out a doubt he hopes it will do." On February loth, he proposes to buy the yacht;
on February 12th, the Admiralty puts a price of 2400 florins upon it, and, on the
same day, he buys it for 1400 florins.
Isaac Le Maire was a well-known figure in the Dutch navigation of those days, and
v/as deeply interested in the search for the best and shortest route to India, especially
by way of the North. In 1609, he is mentioned, with Dominee Plancius, Hudson, and
Linschoten (all leaders in the attempt to solve that great commercial problem of
the day), in connection with the endeavour to secure Hudson's employment for such a
voyage, on behalf of the French King. The accomplishment of his purpose was, how-
ever, prevented by the Directors of the Dutch East India Company.
Le Maire found another captain in Melchior van den Kerckhoven, who sailed one
month after Hudson, on May 5, 1609, but whose voyage did not succeed. ["]
Again, in 161 2, a ship is recorded as going to the North for Le Maire, ['^] and after
all of these northern expeditions had failed, he sent out, in 1616, an expedition to
seek a better way round the south of America. This expedition led to the famous
discovery of the Strait of Le Maire, thus named after his son, Jacques, who was one
of the leaders of the expedition.
As we have seen Le Maire, in February, 1610, preparing for a voyage, the purpose
of which he carefully concealed, we may fairly conclude that he was again trying to
["] Murphy, pp. 27, 28; S. Muller Fz., Geschiedenis der Noordsche Comfagnie. Utrecht, 1874, p. 59; A. Wich-
mann, Dirck Gerritsz. Groningen, 1899, pp. 78, 79.
"De slechte reyse, die Kerckhoven gedaen heeft voor Isac Lameir." — Beschryvinghe van der Samoyeden Landl
in Tartarien. Amsterdam, Hessel Gerritsz, 1612, p. 3; mentioned in De Reis van Jan Cornelisz. May, 1611-1612,
Uitg. S. Muller Fz.,'sGravenhage, 1909, p. 195. This voyage is also mentioned in an unpublished letter of El
Marques de Guadeleste to the Spanish King, dated May 9, 1609, and enclosing information from Holland, dated
April 30 and May 4: "A mas de los dos navios que harriba digo yban para la China salio Herelt Hoven [^Kerck-
hoven] dicho dia con una nave buena por cuenta de Isaac Lemaire la misma vuelta via del Norte." (Simancas
Archives, Seer, de Est., Leg. 2291.) ['^] Murphy, p. 28.
66 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
carry out his design of the foregoing year. In January, 1610, we find him in Paris,
negotiating with the King regarding a collaboration with the Dutch East India Com-
pany; ['^1 and it will be remembered that it was in the very same month that the
Directors of the East India Company summoned Hudson back from England,
where he had been detained since his return from America, but that he was still
not permitted by the English authorities to proceed to Holland. ['"*] This may
have encouraged Le Maire, who knew all about Hudson's projects, to follow in his
track.
It is possible that De Laet refers to this enterprise of Le Maire's, when he states
that, again in 1610, a ship was sent by some Amsterdam merchants to the region
visited by Hudson. We may assume that this ship really started, but it is more than
doubtful whether it ever reached the American coast.
Though Le Maire had bought the yacht "De Vos" from the Admiralty of Amster-
dam, we hear of her again, in January of the following year, 161 1, as destined by the
Admiralty for a new voyage, through the north seas to India. We may, therefore,
assume that Le Maire resold her to the Admiralty, after she had come back from her
unsuccessful voyage; or, we may, perhaps, accept Prof. Wichmann's suggestion,
that Le Maire was also interested in this expedition. ['5]
On March 28, 161 1, "De Vos" sailed from Holland, together with another
yacht, called "De Craen" (the crane). The head of the expedition was Jan Cornelisz
May, of Hoorn, and his pilot was Pieter Fransz, born in Sichem, in Brabant. The
vessels were to follow exactly the track of Hudson, first going to the north-east, in
order to try to circumnavigate Asia, and, if the ice should prevent their following this
route, they were then to direct their course towards Nova Francia. We have full
information of this expedition, and we know that, after having tried in vain to pene-
trate the American coast, near Cape Canso, on October 28, 161 1, the ships, following
the coast-Hne, reached the bay of Cape Cod, called by them "Fuyck bay," and went
no farther than Cape Malabar, [] called "Vlakke Houk." Several names, found
along the New England coast on Dutch maps of that period, were bestowed by
Captain May, on this expedition, which, in other respects, not only added nothing to
Hudson's discoveries, but failed even to refind Hudson's river.
In his journal, Jan Cornelisz May tells us that he made a map of that part of the
American coast along which he sailed. ['7] The actual author of this map, which has
been lost, was Pieter Fransz, pilot on May's ship. This fact appears from an entry in
the Acts of the Admiralty of Amsterdam, dated March 27, 1613, in which we are in-
formed that Hessel Gerritsz petitioned the Admiralty to lend him the maps of Nova
Francia made by Pieter Fransz, which petition was refused. It is there stated that
[■3] Letter of Juan de Mancicidor, Brussels, February 20, 1610; in SImancas Archives, Secretaria de Estado,
Leg. 2292.
[14] Van Meteren, in Murphy, ed. of 1909, p. 121.
['5| A. Wichmann, Dirck Gerritsz. Groningen, 1899, p. 79, note 4.
[ ' 6] According to the original log of Jan Cornelisz May, Hessel Gerritsz, in his description of May's voyage, puts
the Fuyck bay in 40° 35', which is evidently an error for 41° 35'. This error accounts for the remark of S. Muller
Fz. that the expedition reached a point somewhat to the south of New York ! (Descriptio ac delineatio geographica
detectionis freti, . . . ab Henrico Hudsono Anglo. Amsterdam, 1613; De Reis van J. C. May, p. 197 and xlviii).
[■7] For May's voyage, see: De Reis van Jan Cornelisz. May naar de Yszee en de Amerikaansche Kust, 1611-12,
Verzamelitig van bescheiden, uitgegevcn door S. Muller Fz. 'sGravenhage, 1909 (Werken, uitgegeven door de
Linschoten-Vereeniging. Vol. I).
FIRST DUTCH SURVEYS 67
Pieter Fransz had been pilot to Captain Jan Cornelisz May, on his voyage in search
of the Strait of Anian, — that is, the North West Passage. ['^]
On February 15, 161 2, "De Vos" returned, and, after having visited Nova
Zembla a second time, was back in Holland October 3, i6i2.['5] Some months later, on
March 29, 1613, the ship was sold to Jonas Witsen and Symon Willemsz. Nooms,
two merchants of Amsterdam, who sent it again to the American coast, under com-
mand of the same Pieter Fransz who had accompanied Jan Cornelisz May as a pilot.
He was to visit the Hudson River, and to trade with the Indians. Pieter Fransz, on
this expedition, was killed by the natives, and his successor, Jan de With, did not visit
the Hudson River, as we find expressly stated on August 13, 1614, after he had returned
to Holland. [^°]
It has been necessary to extend our account of the explorations made during the
first four years following Hudson's discovery of the Hudson River, in order to disprove
the misstatements which have been made, based on secondary sources, and on even
less authentic information. Recent Hterature on this subject, and discoveries made in
documents in the archives, up to the present unused, have made it possible to disclose
pretty completely the events which took place during those years. These may be
briefly summarised as follows:
1 In 1610, the ship "De Vos" was sent on the track of Hudson by Isaac Le Maire.
This voyage did not meet with success.
2 In 161 1, Jan CorneUsz May, captain, and Pieter Fransz, pilot, also followed
Hudson's track, on the same ship, "De Vos," and reached Cape Malabar.
Maps of the coast of Maine and New England were made by Pieter Fransz on
this expedition.
3 In 1613, Pieter Fransz again went on the same ship, "De Vos," to the American
coast, direct; he was slain by the Indians, and his successor, Jan de With, did
not reach Hudson's river.
It is clear that all these expeditions had in view the refinding of the river dis-
covered by Hudson, an account of which this navigator had briefly given to his
employers, and the general course of which he had probably delineated upon a sketch-
map, attached to his preliminary report, but without attempting to give exact or
detailed information. Although none of them succeeded, the maps made by Pieter
Fransz must have proved a most important aid on these explorations, which, at last,
led to the rediscovery of Hudson's river, and the country which was named by these
Dutch skippers "Nieuw Nederland."
A splendid map, of the greatest importance, delineating the whole region of New
[■8] "1613, 27 Maart: Hessel Gerritsz kaertmaecker binnen s(taende) ende versoeckende dat hem weeder ter
handt sou(de) mogen gestelt werden de kaerten by Pr. Frans . . . gemaeckt van Nova Francia, die hem seeck-
(er) tyt geleeden eerst geleendt, ende daer naer weeder afgehaelt syn, is hem tselve . . . voor . . . dees
tyt afgesegt, ende goe(t) gevonden den voorn. Pr. Franss. in College te ontbieden ende hem ernstl. te bevelen,
egeene copien vande voors. caerten aen iemanden uyt te geeven." — "Pr. Fransz. voor stuurman geweest hebbende
met schipper Jan Cornelisz Mey, te soecken den Straet van Anjan, is ernstl. gelast ende bevolen, dat hy niemanden
zal communiceeren ofte meede deylen de caerten by hem op die voyage gemaeckt van Nova Francia." From
"Resoiutien van de Admiraliteit van Amsterdam," — original manuscript in the State Archives at The Hague.
[■9] De Reis van Jan Cornelisz. May, pp. 58 and L.
[2°] Acts 0/ the Admiralty of Amsterdam (State Archives, The Hague), published by S. MuUer Fz. in Geschiedenis
der Noordsche Compagnie. Utrecht, 1874, pp. 367-9. See also De Reis nan Jan Cornelisz. May, p. h"i.
68 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Netherland and New England, and including not only the coast-line, but a part of the
interior as well, remains as one of the first fruits of these explorations (C. PI. 23).
On October 11, 1614, this map was presented to the States-General of the Netherlands
by thirteen merchants of Amsterdam and Hoorn. In that and the foregoing year,
these merchants had sent out five ships to the North American coast, in order to dis-
cover new countries, and these ships had returned with the tidings that they had found
a still unoccupied country, between 40° and 45° N.L. They submitted a descriptive
report of this country, along with the "Figurative Map" above referred to.[^'] This
action was taken in virtue of a proclamation issued by the States-General, on March
27, 1614 (see Chronology), directing that those who asked for a privilege to trade in
newly discovered countries should submit, on their return, a report, describing those
countries. So, when the five ships were sent out, no doubt special instructions were
given regarding the preparation of such a report and maps, and these, naturally,
would have been prepared with much care. The report is lost, but most fortunately
the map is still preserved, in the State Archives at The Hague.
The five ships and their skippers were as follows:
"het Vosken" ("The Little Fox") skipper Jan de With.
"de Tijger" ("The Tiger") skipper Adriaen Block.
"de Fortuyn" ("The Fortune") skipper Hendrick Christiaensz.
"de Nachtegael" ("The Nightingale") skipper Thijs Volckertsen.
"de Fortuyn" ("The Fortune") skipper Cornelis Jacobsz May.
Acting upon the above request, and after due examination and the recording of
the map, the States-General granted the privilege petitioned for, by a charter, dated
October 11, 1614 (see Chronology). From this document the names given above are
known, and it, together with the "Figurative Map," constitutes the starting-point for
a study of the cartography of New Netherland.
As it is more than probable that the Dutch had no knowledge of the original of
the Velasco Map, this map could hardly have influenced their cartography of these
regions. As for the resemblance of the picture of New York Bay on the Figurative
Map to that on the Velasco Map, see page 45, text to note ['^], and page 58, text to
note [H
Though the five ships are mentioned together, they did not return from America
at the same time, nor were they, indeed, sent out together.
From different sources, we may conclude that Hendrick Christiaensz, of Cleves,
sailed to the American coast in 1614, and approached the Hudson River, but did not
land, because his vessel was laden and he feared shipwreck, which had happened to an-
other ship in this neighbourhood. [^^] This reference was, possibly, to Adriaen Block's
ship ("The Tiger"), which was burned in i6i4,[^3] perhaps in the neighbourhood of
Manhattan Island, or, more likely, near Albany, and replaced the same year by the
"Onrust," or "Restless," the first ship built in these parts by Europeans. On this
little "yacht," which, we are told, was only 44>^ feet from stem to stern. Block sailed
through "Hellegat" and Long Island Sound, and visited the various points along the
coast, as far as Cape Cod. Here he left his "yacht," which was too small to cross the
[2'] N. Y. Col. Docs., I: lo, II. [22] After Wassenaer. See Jameson, A^ar. ^. iVrtA., p. 78.
[23] After De Laet. See Jameson, p. 50, and Chronology.
FIRST DUTCH SURVEYS 69
ocean, and, boarding Hendrick Christiaensz's ship, traded with the Indians, in com-
pany with him and the three other skippers mentioned above, after which both re-
turned on the same ship to Holland, where they arrived shortly before July 24, 1614. [-■^]
In the documents giving this information, and containing resolutions of the Admiralty
of Amsterdam, dated August 13 and 14, 1614, the name "riviere Hudson" is men-
tioned for the first time; [^5] this being the earliest known record of the name in
existence.
The ship "De Vos," or "Het Vosken" ("The Little Fox"), we have already dealt
with. The documents make no mention as to when the remaining skippers returned.
From De Laet's description of New Netherland,[^^] we see the part each of these
skippers must have had in the exploration of the coast, and, consequently, in the
authorship of the map. A large part is due to the explorations of Adriaen Block.
De Laet begins his description of the New Netherland coast at "Pyebaye," which
lies somewhat to the north-east of Cape Cod, and is the bay on which the modern
town of Lynn is built; and he tells us that, according to Block's route, the distance
from the Lizard (off the south coast of Cornwall, in England) to the "Pyebaye" is
six hundred and ninety leagues.
As the entire description of the coast clearly shows that De Laet used Block's log,
we conclude, from this information, that De Laet's description also followed the order
of Block's route, that Block sailed from England straight to Pyebaye, that he
coasted from there through Long Island Sound and Hell Gate, and approached
Manhattan Island from that direction, and that he reversed this route with his yacht,
the "Onrust," after his ship was burned.
Hence we may conclude that Block made use of the experience acquired by Jan
Cornelisz May, who explored the "Nova Francia" coast as far as Cape Cod penin-
sula, and that he crossed the ocean so as to reach the coast at the very spot where
May's explorations stopped, in order to continue these, and to seek Hudson's river,
a rough sketch of which, drawn by Hudson himself, he took with him.
According to De Laet, Block named, or at least mentioned, the "Pyebaye," [^7]
"Kaep Bevechier,"[^^] "Wyckbay"['9] (between Pyebay and Kaep Bevechier),
"Block eilandt," "Baye van Nassouwen," the "Nahicans," and the "Archipelagus."
De Laet also gives a detailed description of "Hellegat," the "Great River" (i.e.
Hudson River), and "Nutt-island." Several names may be added, of which De Laet
says that they, too, were bestowed by the Dutch.
Cornelis Jacobsz May is mentioned in only two places: — De Laet records a remark
made by this skipper, relating to the Island of Texel (Nantucket); and he reports the
length of Long Island as being twenty-five miles, in accordance with May's statement.
The name Texel is on the Figurative Map, presented on October 11, 1614, and on this
map. Long Island has a length of twenty-five miles. The names Port May, Niew
Port May, and Cape May, do not occur on this Figurative Map.
"Hendrick Christiaens Eyland" reminds us of that skipper's part in its discovery;
and, as we find the same man mentioned as commissary of Fort Nassau in 16 14, there
[24) S. Muller Fz., Noordsche Compagnie, p. 368. [^5] Ibid., pp. 368-9.
[26] See Jameson, pp. 36 et seq. [27] 42° 10' N.L. on the Janssonius-Visscher Map.
[28] Part of Cape Cod, mentioned on the Minuit map of New Netherland (C. PI. 39).
[29] Possibly intended for Fuyck bay, see later.
70 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
is much to support a belief that the drawing of Hudson's river on the second Figu-
rative Map was made by him. The other two skippers are not mentioned by De Laet
in his description.
From the foregoing facts, we may assume that the most important part of this map
owes its origin to Adriaen Block; and, when we consider, further, that De Laet men-
tions Block's "bestek" (a route-Hne, drawn on a map), there seems to remain but
little doubt that the Figurative Map of 1614 must be ascribed entirely to him.[3°] We
must, however, account for the omission on this map of some names which De Laet
associates directly with Block's discoveries.
These names are "Pyebaye," "Kaep Bevechier," "Baye van Nassouwen," and
"Nahicans." Two of these (Baye van Nassouwen and Nahicans) appear on the map
of New Netherland in W. Blaeu's Atlas (first edition, 1635), which map is an exact
reproduction of the Figurative Map of 1614, with some later additions.
Besides these two names, the map in Blaeu's Atlas has the following, mentioned by
De Laet, and belonging, probably, among the names originally bestowed by Block:
"Ancker Bay,"[3i] "Grote Baye,"[3^] "the Quirepeys,"[33] and "theTappaens."[34]
These facts suggest the conclusion that Blaeu copied his map from one which was
more complete than the Figurative Map which we know, and which was, probably,
the original brought home by Block. It seems, then, Hkely that this original was
copied in Holland, for presentation to the States-General, and that this copy is the
map which we know as the "Figurative Map of 1614"; and, furthermore, that, in
making the copy, some names were omitted, through negligence. The copyist must
also be held responsible for the strange mistake occurring in Long Island, where the
territory of the Nahicans is shown, instead of that of the Matowacs, as given by
De Laet, Blaeu's Atlas, and all the other maps of the time.
Besides his own explorations, covering the stretch between Cape Cod and Hellegat,
Block used, for the dehneation of the New England coast, the maps of Champlain,
published in the 1613 edition of his voyages, [^S] and the lost maps of Pieter Fransz,
made on Jan Cornelisz May's voyage, in 161 1. [3^]
From Champlain, the following names are taken: "Wit hoeck, " for Cape Cod
(Champlain "C. blan"), "Schoon haven" ("beau port"), "Chouacoint" ("choua-
coit"), "De schilpadde" ("tortue"), "De Gesayde Eylanden" ("iUes iettees"),
"Riviere Quinio Bequyn" ("quinibequy"), "Irocoisen" ("yrocois").
The map of Jan Cornelisz May furnished him with the following names, which we
know from their mention in May's journal: "De vlacke hoeck" (name given by
May), [37] "Fuyck Bay" {Idem),[^^] "Crane Bay" (named by May "Craendiep,"
"Kraenhaven"), [39] "Voshaven" (named by May after his ship), [*°] "Wyngaerts-
hoeck" (mentioned by May as "Wyngaert-caep "),["*'] "Witte Bay" (May calls it
"Wittesantbay"),[4^] "De Gebroocken hoeck."[43]
[3°] Joris Carolus, the well-known Dutch map-maker of those days, cannot have been the author of this map, as
he was not in America at that date (see Muller, Noordsche Compagnie, pp. 168-73).
[3>] De Laet, ed. of 1625, p. 102; in Jameson, p. 41.
[32] Eastern portion of Long Island Sound: De Laet, p. 103; in Jameson, p. 42.
[33] De Laet, p. 104; in Jameson, p. 44. [34] De Laet, p. 105; in Jameson, p. 46.
[35] The large map issued with this edition, bears, it will be remembered, the date 1612.
[36] See above. [37] De Reis van Jan Cornelisz. May, pp. 58, 122. (38] Ibid., p. 56. [39] Ibid., p. 56.
[40] /AiJ., p. 55. [4>] /JiW., p. 51. [42] /ii^;., p. 51. [43] /iiW., p. so.
FIRST DUTCH SURVEYS 71
An examination of the part of the map which represents Block's own explorations,
and a comparison of this part with the Velasco Map, show us that the Block Map
introduced an almost entirely new knowledge of these coasts and islands. The original
of the Velasco Map was unknown to him, but we must assume, as we have explained
above, that he knew some rough draught of Hudson's discoveries. ['^'^] From this
draught, he, doubtless, took his picture of Lower New York Bay, which, in some
respects, he improved; and, although he omits the name "Hudson River," which
was used by the Admiralty of Amsterdam, in 1614, he must, from the start, have
been well aware of the existence of this river, as is clear from his way of exploring
the coast.
As Hudson did not sail along the shore from New York Bay to Cape Malabar, but
returned directly to England, his map, as we have already seen, could have had only
a vague outline west of Cape Malabar, and, for this reason, doubtless, the exact
location of the Hudson River was difficult to determine from his map.
From De Laet's description, we see that Adriaen Block, starting from the well-
defined Cape Malabar, entered each bay and river which he found on his way, and that
he sailed up the Connecticut, the first large river which he met, as far as the head of
navigation, evidently taking it for Hudson's river, which tends to show that the prin-
cipal aim of his explorations was the refinding of this river.
As one of the first results of Block's explorations, we notice that Manhattan Island
is represented here as an island, with the tribe of the "Manhates" located upon it.
This is the first time that the island which bears this name occurs on any map known
to us, unless it be that the large island shown on the map of Jean Cossin, dated 1570
(C. Pis. 15 and 16), is intended for Manhattan Island, which is altogether unlikely. [+5]
The map of Adriaen Block is, thus, the first map to give a representation of the
island, as such. The insularity of Long Island is also recognised, and Long Island
Sound is fairly well defined. On the mainland, north of the Sound, seen for the first
time by Block, we have the mouths of the rivers indicated, and the Connecticut
("Versche rivier") shown nearly to its source. Narragansett Bay can also be re-
cognised, with its island (Newport), as also Block's Island, and Hendrick Christiaensz's
Island. Beyond Narragansett Bay, the geography becomes less exact. Martha's
Vineyard and Nantucket are lacking, and a narrow inlet of the sea makes an island of
Cape Cod; but, on the other hand. Cape Cod is situated in its right longitude, which is
a great improvement over the preceding maps. The whole representation of this coast
is superior to that of the Velasco Map, although the course of the Hudson River is
more vague, and the Mohawk is completely wanting. In this region, Fort Nassau is the
only place located with any degree of accuracy. The river curving to the west of the
Hudson, which should represent the Delaware, is also but roughly sketched, and
Delaware Bay is indicated only by a river-mouth. It is easy to see that this part of the
country was at first very superficially and cursorily surveyed, and, at the time of our
map, needed a more minute exploration.
The value of Adriaen Block's map, as a document of the cartographical history of
New Netherland, is very high. On it the name of New Netherland appears for the
first time, and Fort Nassau, the first building erected in the interior, is here delineated
[44] See p. 45, text to note ["], and p. 58, text to note [84]. [45] See p. 33, text to note [■o8].
72 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
and described, immediately after it was finished. The outline of the coast, in its
essential features, is definitely fixed, although many minor additions and corrections
were necessary. The names of the Indian tribes are given for the first time, and are
located in the places which they inhabited when the written history of this region
began.
That we can date this map exactly, and that we can ascribe it to a well-known
author, are facts of rare and fortunate occurrence. The fine execution of the map,
which is a careful drawing, in colours, on vellum, and the excellent state of its preserva-
tion, make it the more precious; and the fact that it still reposes in the archives of the
corporation for which it was originally made adds greatly to its documentary im-
portance and value. Some portions of the map are out of scale, but this is char-
acteristic of all maps of the period, when such draughts were made largely from
memory, and from hearsay, with the result that new discoveries and important items
of information, were naturally exaggerated. A striking example of such an exaggera-
tion is Lake Champlain ("Het Meer van Irocoisen"), drawn here ten times too large.
This faulty representation is interesting when associated with Champlain's statement,
made in 1615, that the Dutch had intercourse with the Irocois, and that they fought,
in company with them, against the other Indian tribes. [+^]
For the purpose of further explorations, particularly of the Hudson and Delaware
Rivers, the yacht "Restless" was left in America by Adriaen Block; ['♦''] and Cornelis
Hendricks became its skipper. He spent three years in America, and, when he returned
to Holland, his patrons presented, on August 18, 1616, a new petition to the States-
General, for a trading privilege, covering the additional territory which he had dis-
covered between 38° and 40° N.L. This petition was accompanied by a map and a
short report, both of which are still preserved. ["^^J The map, which is drawn in colours,
on paper, and which is three feet long, gives a detailed delineation of the Hudson River,
up to its head, and depicts also two other rivers, which stand for the Delaware and the
Susquehanna. From this report, and from a contemporary note upon the map, we
may conclude that Hendricks explored the Hudson River, perhaps completing a pro-
visory survey by Hendrick Christiaensz or Adriaen Block, and that he himself drew
this map, which is known by his name, although also called the "Second Figurative
Map" (upper portion reproduced on C. PI. 24), or the "Figurative Map of 1616"
or the "Figurative Map on paper."
The information respecting the Indian tribes living along the banks of the Sus-
quehanna was given to Hendricks by a certain Kleytjen and his companion, who
had made -an inland tour, starting from the Maquas, near Fort Nassau, and going
down the Susquehanna. Possibly these were two of the three men whom Hendricks
[46] Champlain, Voyages et descouvertes. Paris, 1619. Ed. de Quebec, p. 33, mentioned by H. Harrisse in
Dkouverte et evolution cartographique de Terre Neuve. Paris, 1900, p. Ixviii.
[47] The yacht built by Adriaen Block is generally considered to be the same as the "Onrust" ("Unrest" or
"Restless"), referred to in the documents. This is very probable, although it is nowhere expressly stated. The
following remarks furnish, however, an additional argument in favour of this theory. The dimensions of Block's
yacht are given by De Laet; "with a keel 38 feet long, 44>^ feet from stem to stern, and ii}4 feet wide" (see
Jameson, p. 50). The "Restless" was of 8 lasts. One of the Dutch authorities on shipbuilding (C. van Yk, Neder-
landsche Scheepsbouw. Amsterdam, 1697, pp. 319-20) gives a method for approximating the lasts of a ship from its
dimensions. If we apply this method here, assuming four feet of draught, which would be usual for a yacht of
this size, intended for exploring in shallow waters, Block's yacht must have been a boat of about 8 lasts burden.
[48) See A'. Y. Col. Docs., I: 13, 14.
FIRST DUTCH SURVEYS 73
ransomed from the inhabitants, the Minquaes, being "persons belonging to this
Company" (Hendricks's patrons), who had been employed in the service of the
Mohawks and Mahicans. He gave kettles, beads, and merchandise in exchange for
them.[«]
This information, however, was far from complete or accurate, as Hendricks tells
us that, when he drew his map, he had at hand, for this part, only "two sketches of
small maps, partly finished," and one of these did not quite agree with the "drafts
of the information" (given by Kleytjen), so that it seemed to him that the new river
lay far more to the west than was indicated on his map. Later explorations have
shown this assumption to have been correct.
The exact words used by Hendricks, and inscribed on his map, are not quite clear;
neither does O'Callaghan's translation give an exact rendering of them. The exact
words are:
Van hat gene Kleytjen met syn Compagnon my hebben aenghegeven van de
gheleghentheyt der Rivieren ende plaetsen der Volcken die sy hebben ghevonden op
haerluyder uyttocht van de Maquaas af binnenlands ende langs de Nieuwerire [for:
Nieuwe riviere] neerwaert tot aen de Ogehage te weten den viand van de voorseyde
noorder naten [for: natien] en can ick teghenwoordigh niet byderhand vinden anders
als twee concepten van Caertjens dienaengaende in het nette ten dele gheteykent.
Ende als ick overdencke het ene met de cladden vande aengevingen best te
overeendraghen so bevinde ick dat de plaetsen van de volcken Sennecas, Gachoos>
Capitannasses ende Jottecas vry verder om West in het Land behoorden aenghewesen
te worden.
These words may be translated as follows :
Regarding what Kleytjen and his Companion have told me of the situation of
the Rivers, and the places occupied by the Tribes, which they found when going in-
land away from the Maquaas and along the New river down to the Ogehage namely
the enemy of the aforesaid northern nations I cannot at present find anything but
two sketches of small maps partly finished.
And when I think how best to make the one correspond with the rough notes
to the best of my knowledge I find that the dwelling-places of the Sennecas Gachoos
Capitannasses and Jottecas ought to have been indicated rather more to the West.
De Laet, in his description of this territory, closely follows the map of Hendricks,
so that there can scarcely be a doubt that he had this map before him. Wassenaer, too,
uses the principal names found on the map, including those of the Indians; and the
entire set of Dutch names for the "racks" (or reaches) along the Hudson River is
reproduced by De Laet, with some insignificant differences and additions. We may
[49] The exact words of the report of Hendricks, three copies of which are preserved in the Rijksarchief at The
Hague, are: "Dat hy oock mette Inwoonderen van Minquaus [another copy has: Minquuas] gehandelt ende
haer affgecocht heeft, sekere drie persoonen wesende van dese Compnie voick, welcke drie personen haer hadden
laeten gebruycken ten dienste vande Maquas ende Machicans, daer voor gevende ketelen, coralen ende coopman-
schappen:" — "that he also traded with the inhabitants of Minquaus and ransomed from them three persons
belonging to the people of this Company, which three persons had suffered themselves to be employed by the
Maquas and Machicans; giving for them kettles, corals, and merchandise." From this literal translation, which
differs slightly from that given by O'Callaghan {N. Y. Cot. Docs., Vol. I, p. 14), it seems very probable that these
three men were Dutchmen, who, we may assume, had arrived in this country with Block, Christaensz, or May;
and had been captured by the Minquas, from whom they were ransomed by Hendricks.
74 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
assume that these names were given by Cornells Hendricks, unless, indeed, they had
already been bestowed by Block or by Hendrick Christiaensz, when they sailed up the
river in 1614. This is unHkely, as, in that case, they would naturally have been
included on the Figurative Map of 1614. It is evident that one or other of these two
was the second explorer of the river, and continued Hudson's work, by giving names to
the "racks," only the location and direction of which had been indicated by Hudson
on his map.
Some slight diflFerences between these two Figurative Maps are worthy of note.
Here, on the second map, for instance, we find, for the first time, the classic name
"Sandhoeck," for Sandy Hook, which, on the 1614 map, was called "Sandpunt."
"Manhates," on this map, is separated from Long Island, but is not shown as an island,
which retrogression from the earlier map it is difficult to explain.
The delineation of Lower New York Bay has lost the exaggerated detail of the
rivers which flow into it, which detail Adriaen Block had perhaps taken from Hud-
son's rough draught.
The 1616 map gives a fair delineation of Delaware Bay, which appears only as a
river-mouth on the map of 1614; the former map also shows Eierhaven,[5°] and
accurately portrays the coast-line and inlets along the New Jersey coast. The Dela-
ware River and the Susquehanna, although not named, are both shown; the latter,
however, is erroneously made to empty into Delaware Bay. It is evident that these
two rivers were, in some way, confounded by Kleyntjen, who, perhaps, also mistook
Delaware Bay for the Chesapeake.
As to the supposed Spanish names on the two Figurative Maps, we refer the
reader to Chapter VII.
The second Figurative Map, because of its more restricted and local character, has,
naturally, not occupied so important a place as the first in the cartography of New
Netherland, a fact which is also due to the incorrectness of many of its delineations;
but it possesses, nevertheless, great documentary value, principally on account of
the series of Dutch names along the Hudson River, recorded here for the first time.
These are the oldest names bestowed by Europeans upon places and localities along the
river. On the important survey of the Hudson which was probably made by order
of Pieter Minuit, about 1630 (C. PI. 40), [5'] some of these names have already
disappeared. This incidental character adds a special charm to this map for the
student of this period. We learn from it how the maps of unknown countries were
made by these early skippers, who, though possessing much practical experience, had
little theoretical knowledge, and very little aptitude for making maps of the interior.
For those parts which they did not themselves explore, they had to rely on rough
sketches, or, sometimes, only on descriptions derived from other voyagers, or from the
natives; and these naturally did not always mutually correspond. As an example,
although from a somewhat later period, we may quote the following interesting ex-
tract from a manuscript entitled: "Narrative of a Journey into the Mohawk and
Oneida Country," 1634-163 5: [5^] — In the castle Onneyuttehage, or Sinneken's
[50] Egg Harbour. [Si] See, post, Chapter VI.
[52] Reproduced in Jameson, p. 149. The original manuscript is (1915) in the possession of Mr. Robert H.
Dodd of New York.
FIRST DUTCH SURVEYS 75
castle (now Oneida), December 31, 1635, "we questioned them [the Indians] con-
cerning the situation [of the places] in their castle, and their names, and how far
they were away from each other. They showed us, with stones and maize grains; and
Jeronimus [Jeronimus de la Croix] then made a chart of it. And we counted all in
leagues how far each place was away from the next."
Notwithstanding its inaccuracies, the Figurative Map of 1616 is of special
historical value for the study of the origin of the United States, as it records the
earliest survey work done inland in the vicinity of Manhattan Island, and is in the
original autograph of the actual surveyor. It is the first original map which we meet in
our study of the history of this part of the country, whereas the Velasco Map and
the Figurative Map of 1614 are both but copies from originals now lost.[53]
[S3) The Directors of the Royal Archives at The Hague have acknowledged its importance by exhibiting it in a
place of honour, in the exhibition room of the Public Record Office. It would greatly please those American visitors
who are interested in the early history of their country, if the Directors would exhibit also the Figurative Map of
Adriaen Block, of 1614, which now lies hidden in one of the map-cases in the stack-room. This is, I believe,
largely due to Brodhead's mistake in connecting the Figurative Map of Cornells Hendricks (on paper) with
the document of October II, 1614, thus making it the oldest map of New Netherland, and giving the second
place to the vellum map, although, in reality, the latter is the older of the two. It is true, Brodhead found the
maps attached to the wrong documents, as he indicates in an Appendix to his History of the State of New York,
but, on the copies made from the maps, and published in the New York Colonial Documents, he adheres, for
some unexplained reason, to their faulty location in the Archives.
?\
PLATES
23-24
C. PLATE 2
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o
o
C.PL. 24^
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t
w^^^m
t
.■Nfc*n"si \)«rivpf MAtfTs-v »«a^i;,6 A, ^,,^ .'at . Ky^tH,t*eB^;^ i'.'«+-
«<-•» c.'i.»;fKS V-,vVi^|f-.i.S^(|J.,*>,'.'..»l
» ^5*- £-^*i:> tJA>?>.(-.
,?»<»(}, 4J>V>A^
FIGURATIVE MAP OF COKNbLIS HENDRICKS 1 o 1 o.
CHAPTER IV
FIRST MAPS AND GLOBES PUBLISHED IN HOLLAND
SHOWING MANHATTAN ISLAND
1617-1635
CHAPTER IV
FIRST MAPS AND GLOBES PUBLISHED IN HOLLAND
SHOWING MANHATTAN ISLAND
1617-1635
THE Figurative Map of Adriaen Block remained the basis, directly or indi-
rectly, of all the maps of New Netherland printed in Holland before the
first Janssonius-Visscher Map, which was pubHshed about 1650. This
Figurative Map itself, did not, however, appear in print until 1635, unless, as
there is some reason to believe, there be an earlier edition of the well-known
engraved Blaeu map of that date, which map, printed so many years after its manu-
script prototype, very naturally shows some changes and additions. All the other
maps and globes published during this period, including even De Laet's map, issued
in 1630, clearly derive their knowledge from this prototype, though each individual
map has some variations or corrections. This may be taken as an indication that
between 1616 and 1630, when De Laet's map appeared, no general survey work was
done along the north east coast. After the year 1630, we have indications of such sur-
veys in several parts of this region.
We have now to show how much each known map belonging to the years before
1635 differs from the Figurative Map of Adriaen Block; in what degree these maps
are dependent upon each other; and which was the first printed map to show the
Island of Manhattan.
We may assume that Hudson was the first to bring the name Manhattan, or
"Manahatin," to Europe, in 1609. The supposition that it was included on his map
is, as we have seen, strongly supported by the fact that it is laid down on the Velasco
Map, drawn in 1610, which map, carefully concealed among the secret papers of the'
Spanish King, remained entirely unknown to contemporary cartographers and writers.
This map contains the name of the tribe ("Manahata"), as well as that of the
island ("Manahatin"), although the insularity of the latter is not indicated. The
Velasco Map was published for the first time in Brown's Genesis, in 1891.
Adriaen Block, or perhaps Hendrick Christiaensz, in 1614, located the tribe
"Manhates," for the first time, on the island which later on came to be known by
the name of these Indians. This map, also, as we have seen, remained for a long time
in manuscript; and, apparently, was shown only to a select few. It remained for the
celebrated Dutch cartographer, Willem Jansz Blaeu, in about the year 1617, to depict
78 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
the insularity of Manhattan Island on a printed map, his large engraved chart for
western navigation, and thus to make this fact known to the general public.
As this chart is, unfortunately, undated, and as other engraved maps showing
Manhattan Island have been claimed to belong to about the same period, I must, in
describing this important document, give my reasons for assigning to it priority
and so early a date.
Until 1910, the map of Anthony Jacobsz (copy in N. Y. Public Library) was
accepted, generally, as the starting-point in the engraved cartography of New
Netherland, although Messrs. Frederik Muller & Co., in 1901, had made public the
reasons why this map must be assigned to a much later date. ['] We shall see that
the Anthony Jacobsz Map deserves only a very inferior place in this connection. [^]
In 1909, there was discovered, in a volume made up of seventeenth-century maps,
an entirely unknown, large, engraved chart, by Willem Jansz Blaeu, with the title:
"Paskaart[^^] van Guinea, Brasilien en West-Indien, (etc.)" (C. Pis. 25 and 27.) This
chart delineates the eastern coasts of North and South America, from Newfoundland
to Rio de la Plata, and the western coasts of Europe and Africa between the same
degrees of latitude. The idea of producing such a map, as an aid to navigation between
Europe and America, did not originate with Blaeu, similar maps having been made
from the time of Columbus. On comparing Blaeu's map with similar maps im-
mediately preceding it, we see that he worked largely from maps drawn by carto-
graphers of Dieppe, and we know, from the Dutch documents of the period, that such
navigators were in the service of the Dutch West India Company, [3] so that we do not
hazard much when we assume that Dieppese navigators were in the Dutch service even
before the founding of this company. There are, for instance, preserved in the
Archives du Depot des Cartes de la Marine, in Paris, two manuscript charts of this
kind, one by G. Levasseur, dated 1601, the other by Pierre Devaulx, of Havre de
Grace, dated 1613. The recently discovered Virginia Company Chart, dating,
probably, about 1606-08 (C. PI. 2I-a), shows that charts of this type were known
also in England.
But what Blaeu did not find on these Dieppese charts were the discoveries and
explorations which had been made in recent years by the Dutch in America. Judging
from his Paskaart, to Blaeu the most important of these discoveries was that of the
coast of New Netherland, with the Island of Manhattan as its central point. Blaeu
must have been well aware that an island offered great advantages for a settlement, as
being easy to protect from the attacks of the aborigines. In the limited space which
this general chart afforded for the dehneation of so small a fraction of the American
coast, Blaeu, naturally, confined himself to the principal features — those most inter-
esting to navigators — adding only the most important names. The Hudson River,
[ ' ] See Catalogue de manuscrits et de livres provenant des collections Van den Bogaerde de Heeswijk, J. P. Six, e. a.
Vol. 11. Amsterdam, Frederik Muller & Cie, 1901, Nos. 1421, 1423.
1^ ] We reproduce on C. Pis. 28 and 29 a hitherto completely unknown issue of the Anthony Jacobsz Chart,
which differs widely from the hitherto known editions.
['^] The word paskaart is found spelled in various ways in old Dutch — Paskaart, Pascaart, Paskaert, Pascaert,
Paskaarte, Pascaarte, Pascaerte, etc. The form Paskaart is used in the Cartography as a short title for Blaeu's
"Paskaart van Guinea" (etc.), of c. 1617 (C. Pis. 2; and 27). The form Paskaert is similarly used to distinguish the
"West Indische Paskaert," of 162 1 (C. PI. 28), by the same author.
[3 ] For instance, on September 27, 1627, a certain Ely Boucheret, from Dieppe, presents his services to the
Company, to sail to Senegal (unpublished records of the West India Company: Resolution Zeeland, 1626-9, State
Archives, The Hague).
FIRST DUTCH MAPS SHOWING MANHATTAN 79
here still called "Mauritius Rivier" (and not yet the North River), is drawn as far
inland as Fort Nassau, which is designated by name; this fort then being the only
settlement of the Dutch in these regions. Long Island is shown, well in its place, as is
Cape Cod (here called "Staten hoeck"), and the recently named "A. Blocx Eylant";
there is also shown the mouth of the Delaware, made known in Holland by the
Figurative Map of 1616, as well as Cape May and Cape Henlopen. Here, however,
there is some confusion, and evidently an attempt to interpret the Figurative Map
of Cornelis Hendricks. A river, that apparently is intended for the Delaware,
flows into Eijerhaven (Egg Harbour). This river has its source in a great lake, just
as in the last-mentioned map. The name of Manhattan does not appear on this
Paskaart.
Basing our judgment solely upon the similarity in the representation of New
Netherland on the Paskaart and on the Figurative Maps, and upon the retention, on
the former, of Fort Nassau, which was abandoned in 1617, it seems reasonable to fix
the date of the Paskaart at 1616 or 1617, ['^] although this date cannot be accepted con-
clusively, as Fort Nassau might still have been shown, even after its abandonment;
but there are better-founded reasons for assigning to it one or other of these dates,
or possibly 1618, and this quite independently of New Netherland history.
As we have already seen, the one great aim of all the expeditions sent from Europe
to the west, beginning with Columbus's first voyage, was the finding of a shorter route
to the supposed wealth of the East Indies, which, at that time, could be reached only
by almost inaccessible routes across the Continent. Even after the route by sea
around the Cape of Good Hope had been discovered, the idea continued to be held for
some time that a shorter way could be found by going west. The only thoroughfare
from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean then known to navigators, was the Strait of
Magellan, which was, however, so dangerous that it was of little practical use. Nearly
all geographers were agreed that a route could be found to the north of America,
and Hudson, as well as many others, fell a victim to this error.
It was in the year 1616 that a most unexpected discovery was made, by the Dutch
navigator Jacques Le Maire, who had been sent out by his father, Isaac Le Maire.
This navigator, on his way to the South Sea, which he purposed reaching through the
Strait of Magellan, stumbled upon a much better and more direct passage, to the east
of Tierradel Fuego, which passage was named after him, "Strait of Le Maire. "[5] This
discovery was the great geographical "find" of the day, and, when the news reached
Holland, on July i, 1617, it was but natural that Blaeu at once proceeded to prepare a
map illustrating this discovery. While he was occupied with this work, the AustraHan
Company, which was interested in Le Maire's voyage, heard of it, and fearing that the
publication of a map showing this important passage would deprive them of the
profits which they expected from the discovery, they addressed to the States of
Holland a demand that Blaeu should be prohibited from issuing his projected map.
In this demand they succeeded, and the States of Holland forbade Blaeu to print
[4] The date assumed by A. Eekhof, who reproduced the New Netherland part of this map in his study on Bastiaen
Jansz. Krot, krankenbeioeker, kommies en kommandeur van Nieuw Nederland (1595-1645). 's Gravenhage, 1910, p. 60.
[5] We have seen, in the foregoing chapter, that there are reasons to beheve that Le Maire, in 1610, tried to find
the North West Passage, following the track of Hudson. That he actually had undertaken a voyage in 1616, in
order to try to find a passage by the South (an attempt which had failed by way of the North), strengthens our sup-
position regarding his voyage in 1610.
8o THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
this new discovery. The words of this decree are very important, and are, therefore,
given here in the original Dutch, accompanied by a Hteral translation.
In the Act-book of the States of Holland we read:[^]
Kaerte 2 Aug. 1617 (fol. 175).
van de Gesien de Antwoorde van de Bewinthebbers van de Austraelische of
Austraelsche Zuyd-Compagnie op het schrijvens van Willem Jansz., nopende hetgene
Passagie j^y yoor heeft te corrigeren op de Globe, ende in de Kaerte uyt te geven,
verboden. aengaende de nieuwgevonden Vaerte, Strate of Passagie uyt de Noordt in
p . de Zuydzee; is daerop verstaen den voorschreven Willem Jansz. te worden
aengheschreven, dat hy hen niet en sal onderstaen de Globe te corrigeren,
noch de kaerte gedruckt nochte geschreven, ofte anders in eeniger manieren
van de voorschreve gevonden Strate, Water, Landen, Eylanden nochte
Kusten daerby ontdeckt, uyt te geven, of te doen uytgeven, maer hen het
selve stride ende praecise te houden geinterdiceert.
This passage is thus translated by O'Callaghan:
Map of August 2nd, 1617.
the Southern Having seen the answer of the Directors of the Australian or South
Passage Company to the writing of Willem Jansz regarding what he proposes to
forbidden. correct on the Globe and to publish in the Map in relation to the new
'^ found Channel, Strait or Passage from the North into the South Sea; it is
assage. resolved thereupon to notify the aforesaid Willem Jansz that he shall not
presume to correct the Globe, or the printed or written Map, nor in any
manner to publish or cause to be published the aforesaid discovered Strait,
Water, Countries, Islands or Coasts discovered there, but to keep himself
strictly and specially holden as interdicted. [^1
But, within a year, Blaeu learned that another printer in Amsterdam had pubhshed
the results of Le Maire's voyage, including the newly found Strait. The States of
Holland, realising that it was useless any longer to prohibit Blaeu from doing likewise,
at last consented, on August 10, 1618, to his pubHshing the chart of the new passage
discovered by the AustraHan Company. [^]
That Blaeu took advantage of this permission cannot be doubted, and is, more-
over, proved by the existence of a map, by him, similar to the Paskaart, but extending
farther to the south, so as to include the Strait of Le Maire. This second map of
Blaeu's, entitled "West Indische Paskaert," was often reprinted during the seven-
teenth century, and even into the eighteenth, sometimes with corrections and
additions.
The Paskaart which we have at present under consideration does not show the
Strait of Le Maire. Now, it is obvious that Blaeu would not have published a general
map for navigators in American waters, after the withdrawal of the decree, without
including the Strait of Le Maire, which he had taken so much trouble to secure per-
mission to pubHsh. It is, therefore, evident that the "Paskaart van Guinea, Brazilien
en West-Indien" must have been pubhshed before August 10, 1618; and we can add,
with much positiveness, that there is not a single feature on this map that could lead to
the belief that it was made at a more recent date.
[6] Resolutien Statni van Holland (printed) August 2, 1617 (fol. 175).
[7] N. Y. Col. Docs., Vol. I, p. 16. [8] Ibid., Vol. I, p. 21.
FIRST DUTCH MAPS SHOWING MANHATTAN 8i
It was never, so far as we know, reissued by Blaeu, and only one other publisher
is known to have copied it, namely Colom, who issued it twice, at least — in 163 1 and
in 1639. This fact, taken in connection with the many editions which are known of
the second Blaeu Chart, proves that it was very soon laid aside by its author, as being
antiquated.
This first chart of Blaeu's is the starting-point in the printed cartography of New
Netherland. No map published at an earlier date contained a representation of these
coasts, taken from actual surveys, that could even approximate it in accuracy.
We see here, for the first time, on a printed map, Manhattan as an island; and we also
find Long Island, the Hudson River, Sandy Hook, the Connecticut, and some other
rivers, all bearing the original names which the Dutch gave to them; and finally, we
find Fort Nassau, the first Dutch settlement in these regions. The name "Nieuw
Nederland" was printed for the first time on this map. The oldest book in which
this name is referred to is a celebrated poem by the famous lawyer, Hugo Grotius,
entitled: Bewys van den waren Godsdienst {Proof of the true Religion), the first
edition of which was printed in 1622. Some lines of this poem give a description of
America, in which we find the words:
"Waervan een schoon landouw met Florida belend
Ward met den soeten naem van Nederland bekend"
(Of which a beautiful country, bordering on Florida,
Is known by the sweet name of Nederland).
In one point the map is inexact: Western Long Island is divided by two channels,
so that it seems to consist of three islands, a form of representation which was per-
petuated and exaggerated on some of the later maps, notably on that of De Laet.
Staten Island here forms part of the mainland, and "Hendrick Christianse eyland" is
entirely lacking, which must be an omission due to carelessness. Delaware Bay and
the Delaware River are very much confused, and their delineation seems to be the
result of a combination of the two Figurative Maps. On the map of Block, there is
a river at about the latitude of Eijerhaven. In this latitude Blaeu places the Delaware,
the location of which he evidently took from the Figurative Map of Cornelis Hend-
ricks. He, however, entirely separates the river from its bay, the entrance to which
is shown some distance to the south.
Blaeu's Paskaart supplies three new names: "C Hinlopen," "C May," and
"Gebroken landt" (western Long Island). The first two, though not found on the
Figurative Map of Cornelis Hendricks, were, no doubt, bestowed during the explora-
tions of Cornelis Jacobsz May, which explorations Cornelis Hendricks continued
during the years 161 3 to 1616. [9] The name "Gebroken landt" may have been on the
lost original of the Figurative Map of Adriaen Block, as we find it on the map in
Blaeu's Atlas (1635), which was printed from that original.
[9] O'Callaghan, in his Hist, of N. Neth., Vol. I, p. 73, says that Cape Hinlopen was called after the town of that
name in the Dutch Province of Friesland, but he gives no authority for his statement. Brodhead, no doubt with
more likelihood of truth, associates this name with Thymen Jacobsz Hinlopen, who was one of the associates in
the "Northern Company," in 1614, a company which was formed for exploiting the whale fisheries, and many
members of which were also associated in the New Netherland Company (Brodhead, History of the State of New
York. N. Y., 1853, Vol. I, p. 59).
82 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
As this Paskaart of Blaeu's is a sea-map, or chart, it is but natural that it contains
in the interior only a few of the most important names, and, therefore, omits entirely
the names of the Indian tribes. This, I believe, accounts also for the omission of the
name "Manhattan."
We have already seen why this map fell into disuse, very soon after it was pub-
lished, in consequence of the important discovery of the Strait of Le Maire. When
Blaeu, shortly afterwards, was preparing to publish a general map for American navi-
gation, which should include the Strait, he took advantage of this opportunity to make
some improvements in the delineation of the New Netherland coast. This new map
bears the title "West Indische Pascaerte" (C. PI. 28), which words in the title are fol-
lowed by a somewhat extensive description, stating that the map represents all the
coasts comprehended in the charter of the West India Company. This map cannot,
therefore,be earlier than i62i,the year in which this company was incorporated. There
is, however, every reason to beHeve that it is not much more recent. I am even inclined
to suppose that its first edition was actually published in 162 1, for the simple reason
that Blaeu's dated globe of 1622 apparently borrowed from this map.['°] From Sandy
Hook, called here "Sant Punt," exactly as on the Figurative Map of Adriaen Block,
going eastward as far as "Reygers Eyland" (Swan Island, near Penobscot Bay), the
coast-line of the first Figurative Map is reproduced with much exactitude, as are also
the islands. The situation of Manhattan Island and of Staten Island is the same; the
form of Long Island corresponds more closely with its delineation on the Figurative
Map of Adriaen Block than with that of the first Blaeu Paskaart. Texel and Vlieland
are combined in one island, as on Block's map. Many names are exactly similarly
placed on this map and on that of Adriaen Block. There are here, however, some
additional names, viz. "R. achter Kol," "Gebroke Land," "Gesellen," "Bay de
Nassou," "Cape de Malabre," "B. S. Luct," and "Costa de Monmorancy." With the
exception of the last two, which are to be found also on Blaeu's first chart, the Pas-
kaart, [" ] all these names occur also on the New Netherland map in Blaeu's Atlas; and
they were probably mentioned as well on the lost original of the first Figurative Map.
The name "Gesellen" (for Gardiner's and Plum Islands, near the eastern extremity of
Long Island), is particularly mentioned by De Laet, as being found on a map "made
some years before" (i.e.before 1625). ['^] He may here refer to the map we have now
under consideration. The name "Bay of Nassou" had already been mentioned,
by Adriaen Block,['3] as early as 1614. "Gebroke Land" appears here in the same
[■o] No copy of the first edition is known, only a reprint with the added address of J. Robyn (about 1680).
From a comparison of all the other reprints of the map, it appears that Robyn changed nothing on Blaeu's cop-
perplate, adding only a vignette with his address. It is difficult to explain why Blaeu should have delayed the
publication of this map more than two years after permission had been finally granted to show the Strait of Le
Maire.
["] These names must have been taken from a French map, though I am not able to indicate any map of this
period on which they appear. They are not found on any of the maps in the 1613 or 1632 editions of Champlain,
or on manuscript maps such as the Pierre Devaulx Chart, drawn in 1613 and preserved in the Depot des Cartes
de la Marine in Paris. The French Company trading under the name of "la Flotte de Montmorency" existed
already under that name in 1610 (Ch. de la Ronciere, Histoire de la marine franfaise. Paris, 1910, Vol. IV, p. 289).
In 1608, Champlain bestowed the name "Sault de Montmorency" on a fall in the St. Lawrence {Voyages, ed.
of 1632, Vol. I, p. 123). In 1613, Henri II, due de Montmorency, became " vice-roi de la Nouvelle France" {NouvelU
biographie generalc, sous la direction de Hoefer. Tome 36).
[■2] Jameson, Nar. N. Neth., p. 42. ['31 See De Laet, in Jameson, p. 41.
FIRST DUTCH MAPS SHOWING MANHATTAN 83
form as on the map in Blaeu's Atlas; the first Paskaart has "Gebroken landt."
"Prins Hendrick Bay" must be an error, and intended for "Graef Hendrick Bay."
The name of the river Achter Kol is found on the New Netherland map in Blaeu's
Atlas, but not on the first Figurative Map, nor is it mentioned by De Laet; but this
little stream is so prominently drawn on the Figurative Map of Adriaen Block, and
here so carefully reproduced, that we can hardly doubt that its name appeared on
the original Block Map. Fort Nassau, it will be noticed, has disappeared, and Fort
Orange, built in 1624, has not yet been introduced.
This second chart of Blaeu's is clearly distinguishable from the first Paskaart by its
deUneation of the coast between Sandy Hook and Chesapeake Bay. This representa-
tion is erroneous and uncertain, as it omits Delaware Bay, and, in its stead, delineates
the old C. de las Arenas. In these years, between 1616 and 1621, Blaeu had,
apparently, no definite idea as to the course of the coast-line between Chesapeake
Bay and Sandy Hook. We have seen that in his first Paskaart he confused the
coast-lines of the two Figurative Maps. This confusion probably led him to abandon,
in his second chart, the Paskaert, his original representation of Cape May, Cape Hen-
lopen, and Eijerhaven (the bay and the river), and to substitute here in their place
the classic name, which many sailors must have missed on the first chart — the name
"C. de las Arenas." This name, so familiar on sixteenth-century maps, and, seemingly,
indicating a well-estabHshed point of the coast (though this still remains an unsettled
question), has remained on all reprints of this chart of Blaeu's, and many sailors, who
relied upon one or other of the various editions of this map, must have been surprised,
when sailing along this part of the coast, to find a great bay, no reference to which
existed on their charts. This is confirmed by the illustrious voyager and well-known
New Netherland Patroon, David Pietersz. de Vries, who sailed in 1638 along our coast,
and who states, with indignation, in his book, that the skipper did not even know of the
existence of the South (or Delaware) River, "for he had bad old charts." ['+] This
skipper, probably, used one of the many editions of the West Indische Paskaert.['5]
De Laet, too, writing in 1625, states that he had no certain information about the
Delaware Bay and its environment.
This representation of C. de las Arenas remained for a long time a feature in the
cartography of the East Coast. We still find it, for instance, on a map published by
Nic. Visscher, about 1680: "Novissima et accuratissima totius Americae descrip-
tio." ['^] Delaware Bay is completely wanting on this map.
When Blaeu at last (August 10, 1618) received permission to print a map showing
the Strait of Le Maire, he was permitted also to correct his globe by the addition of
this discovery. In the early years of the seventeenth century, many cartographers
recorded their knowledge of the world on globes as well as on maps. As the science
of projecting the world's surface on a plane was still in its infancy, the globe,
although inconvenient to transport, was no less essential than the map, even to navi-
gators. In the works on navigation of that time, charts and globes are dealt with
[■4] Page 231 of the reprint by the Linschoten-Vereeniging.
[■S] For the later editions, amongst which is the Anthony Jacobsz Map, which, by an accident, acquired such
high repute, see the list of maps. ['*] Copy in the possession of the Royal Dutch Geographical Society, in Amsterdam.
84 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
together; for example, in the book pubhshed by Linton, in 1609, entitled News of
Navigation.
The first edition of Blaeu's globe must have appeared in 1599, as we know that
some copies bore that date, although I have been unable to locate an example of this
original edition. V^^] Those mentioned in documents as bearing this date have all addi-
tions of a much later period, including the Strait of Le Maire, discovered in 1616. A
copy of Blaeu's globe, of the smallest size, dated 1616, and belonging to the Dutch Geo-
graphical Society in Amsterdam, has no indication of this strait. This copy may, there-
fore, be accepted as representing Blaeu's knowledge just prior to the announcement of
the discovery of the Strait of Le Maire. It lacks also the representation of New Neth-
erland, a further proof that the Paskaart van Guinea, etc., is of a later date than 1616.
The oldest issue which we know of the corrected edition of the globe referred to
above is dated 1622 [ '7] (C. PI. 30). On this globe we find New Netherland delineated,
and not the coast-line only, but also some names in the interior. The coast cor-
responds very closely with that on Blaeu's second chart, the West Indische Paskaert.
All of the names are the same,— "Sant Punt," "Sand Bay," "R. Achter Kol," "Gesel-
len," "R. Mauritio"; there is no Delaware Bay, and Fort Nassau has disappeared. The
only differences are the following: on the West Indische Paskaert, Chesapeake Bay is
very prominently shown, with the names of Cape Charles and Cape Henri, whereas, on
the globe, it appears only in embryo, and without the names of the capes. The globe
has also the name "Noordzee," to the north of Cape Cod, which name is not found on
the West Indische Paskaert. The mistake of writing"Pnnj- Hendrick Bay"for"Graf/
Hendrick Bay" does not occur on the globe. On this we find also, in the interior, the
names of several Indian tribes: the "Aquamachukes," "Maquaas," "Mackimanes,"
"Navaes," "Sequins," and "Almouchikoisi," all of which names occur on the Figura-
tive Map of Adriaen Block, though in a somewhat different orthography. For the
further delineation of the interior of America, use has evidently been made of
Champlain's map, dating from 1612; and we find on the globe the same combination
of lakes, with the same names as on Champlain's map: "Lac de Champlain," "Lac
des Irocois," "Lac contenat 15 journees des canaux des Sauvages," and the fourth
great lake, of which the western shores are not shown, but which extends for a length
of about 300 miles, which is also in accord with Champlain's map. The other names
and rivers also correspond.
As Champlain did not know New Netherland, and as the draughtsman of the
Figurative Map (Adriaen Block) did not know Champlain, the combination of the
two maps naturally resulted in some confusion; and it is evident that the entire lake
district, taken from the Champlain Map, is drawn here much too near the coast.
Lake Champlain, on Blaeu's globe, corresponds closely, in form and location, with the
lake of the Irocois on the Figurative Map of Adriaen Block, while the lake bearing this
name on the Blaeu Globe is drawn quite near the western shore of the Hudson River.
I believe that the Champlain geography had already been introduced on Blaeu's
globe before New Netherland was added.
[16a] As this volume is in press, a copy of the 1599 edition is reported — in theGermanisches Museum at Nuremberg.
['7 ] This globe was purchased in 19 12 from KarlW. Hiersemann, of Leipzig, by Mr. Archer M. Huntington, and
is now in the museum of the Hispanic Society, in New York. It may be possible that the first issue of this corrected
edition was pubhshed at an even earher date than 1622. This is the earliest known printed and dated map to show
the insularity of Manhattan Island, a fact which was first noted by Mr. Stokes, in November, 191 2.
FIRST DUTCH MAPS SHOWING MANHATTAN 85
The representation just described is refound, in its entirety, on an edition of the
celebrated globe of Van Langren, of which edition there is a copy in the Biblio-
theque Nationale in Paris (C. PI. 30).
The first edition of Van Langren's globe dates as far back as 1580; ['^] it was the
first globe pubHshed in the Dutch RepubHc,and was held in high esteem among sailors,
but, as, with the dawn in Holland of a new era of navigation, every year new discover-
ies were added to the constantly changing image of the known world, Van Langren's
globe could not long hold its place at the head of the pubHcations issued by competing
cartographers. First came Jodocus Hondius, in 1593. As Hondius was Van Lan-
gren's first Dutch competitor, and as his globe, though pubHshed in England, con-
tained much material which Van Langren claimed had been copied from his, the latter
felt obliged to proceed against Hondius as soon as he began the publication of his globe
in Holland, which he did in I597.['5]
Although we are not informed as to the result of the process, the successive editions
of Hondius's globe seem to prove that Van Langren was worsted in his suit. When
Blaeu brought out his globe, in 1599, and again in later years, there seems to have been
no longer any question of a law-suit, but, on the contrary, Van Langren himself now
appears as a copyist; for, on an edition of his globe, dated 1608, we find nearly all of
the new discoveries which Hondius had introduced on his English globe of 1593, and
which Van Langren's globes did not show at that date. In this way, Van Langren's
later globes became of secondary importance. After the death of Jacobus Florentius
Van Langren, his son, Arnoldus Florentius, took leave of the Republic and settled
in the Spanish Provinces, where he continued his father's work, and, in 1612, dedicat-
ed a copy of his globe to the "Chambre des comptes" of Brussels. This beautiful
globe, now in the possession of Mr. Stokes, ["^^J is the oldest known copy of the Van
Langren globes. The dated dedication is in manuscript. The globe, however, dates
from 1593, this date having been skilfully altered to 1608. Some additions or cor-
rections date from after 1593.
The next globe that we know by this author is printed from newly engraved plates,
and is undated, but, as it has the Strait of Le Maire, it must be later than 1616. This
globe is preserved in the University Library at Ghent. The pecuharity of this edition
is the delineation of the Western Ocean in close proximity to Virginia, which dehnea-
tion was probably taken from Pisanus's map, and is suggestive of the Verrazzano-type.
There is still no suggestion of New Netherland on this globe, but, on the next known
edition, a copy of which is preserved in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris, New
Netherland appears, as well as the region of the St. Lawrence and the Lakes, and the
delineation of these features corresponds fairly accurately with Blaeu's globe of 1622.
Some deviations and omissions show conclusively that Van Langren here copied
Blaeu, and not the reverse. The following examples may be cited : the name "Gesellen "
[■8 ] A copy of this edition is described by G. van Hasselt in Geldersch Maandtoerk. Arnhem, 1807, Vol. I, p.
465. It was then in the "Geldersch Gerichtshof" (Court of Guelder), in Arnhem. A very thorough search, made
in the public buildings of Arnhem by the present author, failed to bring it to light again.
['9 1 See Opkomst van het N cderlandsch Cezag in Oost-Indi'c. Uitg. J. K. J. de Jonge. 's Gravenhage, 1862,
Vol. I, 180.
[■9a] This globe has recently passed into the possession of the Royal Dutch Geographical Society, in Amster-
dam. A somewhat damaged copy of apparently the same edition has lately been reported — ^in the Museum of
Zutphen.
86 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
is correctly located by Blaeu, as appears from De Laet's text; on Van Langren's globe
it is written among a series of names, at a great distance from the islands to which it
belongs. Instead of "Hendrick Kerst eyl," as on Blaeu, Van Langren has simply
"Heynd." "Voshaven" (i.e. Fox Harbour), on Blaeu, is erroneously interpreted by
Van Langren as " Voshove" (Fox Court). There is also a difference in the names of the
Indian tribes. Van Langren omits "Mackimanes," but has "Mehicans," which name is
not found on Blaeu's globe; the Figurative Map of Adriaen Block also has "Mahicans."
This last point of divergence remains to be satisfactorily explained, as it seems to
suggest that Van Langren had access to the Figurative Map of Adriaen Block, which
is hardly conceivable, as he was, at this time, in the service of the sovereigns of the
Spanish Netherlands, and was thus an enemy to the Dutch; so that he can hardly be
supposed to have had access to the papers of the States-General, among which
Block's Figurative Map was deposited. A comparison of the two globes brings out
the fact that the names are not so accurately used by Van Langren as by Blaeu.
Although its close resemblance to Blaeu's globe of 1622 is sufficient to establish the
date of the Van Langren Globe, it will not be superfluous to mention other points which
show that it is later than Blaeu's first chart, the Paskaart. For instance, Van Langren,
on this edition, gives a remarkable picture of the newly discovered coasts of Australia,
including "Het Landt van Eendracht" (a name which became known in Holland in
1618); "Dedalis landt" (discovered in 1619); "Dirck hartochs Rade" (known in
1618); "Jacob Remmen rivier," which bears the name of a pilot named Jacob
Remmetz, known in the Dutch Indies in 1619, and "F. Holtmans eylanden" (discov-
ered in i6i9).[^°] Another edition of Van Langren's globe, having the same repre-
sentation of New Netherland, bears the date 1630. It is preserved in the University
Library of Grenoble. [^']
Following the charts and globes of Blaeu and Van Langren, which are the earliest
maps known to us delineating the insularity of Manhattan, comes the celebrated De
Laet Map of 1630 ("Nova Anglia, Novum Belgium et Virginia ") (C.P1.3i).[^^] From
the text of De Laet's Beschrijvinghe van West-Indien, we see that he was familiar with
both of the Figurative Maps, as well as with the reports or journals which accom-
panied them, and which, unfortunately, are now lost. From the records of the West
India Company, it appears that De Laet also had access to the official papers of that
Company. [^3] It seems, therefore, strange that this map is no better, and, also, that
it did not appear in the 1625 edition of his work, which contained a minute descrip-
tion of the country delineated on the map. Still, his map contains some interesting
[20] J. E. Heeres, The Pari borne by the Dutch in the Discovery o{ Australia, 1606-1765. London, 1899, pp. XI,
8, 54. (The Van Langren Globe was unknown to Heeres.)
[^'] An undated copy, in the Museum Plantin Moretus, at Antwerp, is of a much later date, as it shows the dis-
coveries of Australia and New Zealand, by Tasman, in 1642 and 1644. Genard {Les Globes du geographe Arnould
Florent Van Langren. Anvers, 1883) dates this copy, erroneously, as early as 1620. On the Van Langren
family, see: Biographie nationale de Belgique. Bruxelles, 1890-91, Vol. XL P- 278 (Article by A. Wauters).
[22] G. M. Asher did not know the cartographical productions of Blaeu and Van Langren, and began the printed
cartography of New Netherland with De Laet's Map {A Bibliographical and Historical Essay on . . , New-
Netherland; including also A List of The Maps and Charts of New-Netherland. Amsterdam, 1854-67).
[23] I found an entry in the Resolutions of the West India Company, Chamber of Zealand, dated January 28,
1627, where consent is given to Jan De Laet to use some journals relating to the Amazon River, and other docu-
ments. They were sent to him under the obligation to return them within a month or six weeks (Resolutien West-
Indlsche Compagnie, Zeeland. State Archives, The Hague).
FIRST DUTCH MAPS SHOWING MANHATTAN 87
new points: for the first time, the name of Manhattan is here recorded on a printed
map, though it is written "Manbattes"; the name "N. Amsterdam" also appears
here for the first time. The appearance of these two names gives great importance
to De Laet's map, which is further distinguished by the appearance, in New
Netherland, of other well-known names, also recorded here for the first time on a
map; as, for instance, "Fort Orange," built in 1624 on the west bank of the Hudson
River, near the present city of Albany, to replace Fort Nassau, which appears in
this location on the Figurative Map of Adriaen Block, as well as on Blaeu's first
Paskaart. The names of the two great rivers, "Noordt Rivier" and "Zuyd Rivier"
(the Hudson and the Delaware), do not appear on any previous map known to us.
The course of the Delaware is here much more accurately shown than on Blaeu's
Paskaart, where it flows into Eijerhaven and is quite separated from Delaware Bay,
although the erroneous idea that it springs from a great lake, found on the Figur-
ative Map of CorneHs Hendricks, as well as on Blaeu's first Paskaart, is still
adhered to.
The form of Manhattan Island is here no better defined than on earlier maps.
In close proximity to Manhattan Island there appear two new names —
"Coenraed Bay" and "Godyns punt," which names stand for Sand Bay and Sandy
Hook. "Godyns punt" is referred to in De Laet's text, in 1625, as a new name for
Sandy Hook; "Coenraed Bay" is not mentioned by name in his text, but De Laet
says that this bay was formerly called by the Dutch sailors "porte May."
In his delineation of Long Island, De Laet has been more influenced by the first
Figurative Map than by Blaeu's first Paskaart, and the two channels crossing its
western portion are here even more prominently indicated, so that it is divided into
three distinct islands. On the other hand, the coast-line between Sandy Hook and
Cape Cod has evidently been taken from Blaeu's first Paskaart.
The names of the Indian tribes — the "Minquaas," "Capitanasses," "Gacheos,"
and "Sennecaas — " are placed along the Delaware, though the inscription on the Fig-
urative Map of Cornelis Hendricks had already suggested that they ought to be
placed more to the west.
A new error which appears on De Laet's map is that the Mohawk and Dela-
ware Rivers take their source in the same lake. In the interior there are three
lakes which correspond pretty closely to Champlaln's indication. De Laet here
corrects the idea of a single lake — that of the Irocois — as expressed on the Figur-
ative Map of Adriaen Block.
The islands of Texel and Vlieland, which are specially mentioned in De Laet's
text, do not appear with these names on his map, although the general coast-line is
much like that on Blaeu's Paskaart, and the two large islands south of Cape Cod are
probably intended to represent them. This seems clear from a comparison with the
modern map.
We need not consider here the remaining portions of De Laet's map, which cover
the whole of Virginia and New England, and extend to the north-east as far as Nova
Scotia; this would lead us too far from our subject, although it is clear, from the map,
that special sources of information were also used in determining the delineation of
these parts. As there is so much divergence between De Laet's text and his map, it
88 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
seems likely that the latter was not drawn by De Laet himself, but by the cartographer
who probably drew, as well, all the other maps illustrating De Laet's book. This
man may, in general, have drawn upon other sources relating to America, and
apparently did not realise that, for New Netherland, De Laet's text supplied better
information than these sources.
This is confirmed by the positive statement of De Laet, in the preface of his
book, where he tells us that the maps were composed and drawn by Hessel Gerritsz
("ontworpen ende ghestelt").["'^] We know Hessel Gerritsz very well as a map-maker
and publisher, and we have already had occasion to mention his name in this memoir.
Some of his maps are very good indeed, especially those in the making of which
he relied entirely upon original information. In so comprehensive a work as that
of De Laet, embracing the cartography of an entire continent, we cannot, however,
but suspect that he copied, to some extent, from existing maps, although we fail to
recognise his sources; and in this way he, of course, became responsible for the
mistakes of his predecessors.
It appears that his contemporaries held a similar opinion of these maps, recog-
nising in them many inaccuracies. In the 1630 edition, De Laet repeats the above-
mentioned statement, and adds that he does not doubt that there still remain many
mistakes, because of a lack of better information, "which," he says, "we hope to
get from our people in due time." Here follow some further words, which are lack-
ing in the first edition, to the effect that he trusts that the maps will be sufficient to
illustrate and render intelligible the descriptive matter on which they are based.
This remark was probably added with the hope of securing more credit for the maps,
which had been subjected to criticism after their publication in the first edition. [*5]
I consider De Laet's a learned map, as distinguished from the practical maps of
Blaeu, Adriaen Block, and Cornehs Hendricks. In it the direction of coast-lines and
rivers, instead of being the direct result of observation, was derived from the examina-
tion and criticism of practical maps. This method, through a too close dependence
upon scholarly tradition and reasoning, resulted in many errors.
De Laet's map was accurately copied by Johannes Janssonius (C. PI. 31), and
appeared, unchanged, in the several editions of his Atlas, as well as in those of his suc-
cessors, as late as about 1750.
The last map, belonging to this first period of map-making, to appear in print was
the first Figurative Map (C. PI. 32). In its printed form, however, it was brought up
to date. The publication of this map was due to the activity of the enterprising
cartographer, Willem Jansz Blaeu, and the earliest issue known to us appears in the
first edition of Blaeu's World Atlas, published in 1635, although it is quite possible
that this map was published at an earlier date. In fact, Mr. Stokes's collection con-
tains a very early impression, on heavy paper, without printed text on the back, and
[24] This preface, first printed in the 1625 edition of the Nieuwe Wereldt, is repeated in the second edition, that
of 1630, where the New Netherland map appears for the first time; so that we may assume that this map also was
drawn by Hessel Gerritsz.
[25] The words quoted are, in the original: "hoe-wel wy niet en twyfFelen oft daer zyn noch veel misstellinghen
over-ghc'bleven door ghebreck van beter onderrichtinghe, die wy metter tydt van de onse hopen te bekomen; daer-
cn-tusschen sullen dese ghenoegh zyn tot verstandt van de volghenJe beschryvinghe, alsoo sy daer naer ghericht
zyn."
FIRST DUTCH MAPS SHOWING MANHATTAN 89
apparently issued separately (C. PI. 32). [^^] It does not appear in Blaeu's first pub-
lication towards his World Atlas, published, in 1630 and 163 1, under the title Atlantis
Appendix, etc. This map follows exactly Block's representation, except that the "Zuyd
Rivier" is added, after De Laet, and that the channel which separates the peninsula
of Cape Cod from the mainland, on Block's map, has here disappeared. Some em-
belHshments, in the form of beavers, bears, deer, two fortified Mohawk villages, several
canoes and European ships, and a vignette title with the coat of arms of the United
Netherlands, have been added. These embellishments may be regarded as primi-
tive endeavours to picture the physical and economic features of the country.
As to the names, we must distinguish three varieties: those printed from the
Figurative Map of Adriaen Block; those belonging to a later period, and, therefore,
added by Blaeu; and, lastly, those not found on the Figurative Map presented to the
States-General in 1614, although probably included on the original map of Adriaen
Block, from which it was copied. These last names we have already pointed out in
our description of the Figurative Maps (p. 70) . We must now see what Blaeu,
twenty years, or thereabouts, after the original was made, thought necessary to add
and to omit, and what authorities he used for his modifications.
The form "Manhates," used for Manhattan on the Figurative Map, is here
abandoned in favour of " Manatthans," which is also used in the text of De Laet. The
Roman characters are evidently still intended to indicate the name of the Indian tribe,
and the name is found at the north end, instead of being applied to the whole island.
At the south end, in its proper position, "Nieu Amsterdam" is indicated as a fort.
Here the full name, and the indication of Nieu Amsterdam as a fort, appear for the
first time, and this is the principal point of interest which the map possesses for us.
The "Nahicans," who, on the Figurative Map, are wrongly located on Long Island,
are here put near ' Chaloep Bay" (Western Narragansett Bay). Nearly all the other
additions can be traced back to De Laet's map. By borrowing these names from De
Laet, Blaeu evidently hoped to supply deficiencies which otherwise would have re-
sulted from the fact that the original which he used was some twenty years old. But
he wished to produce a more detailed map than that of De Laet, and, although on the
best of terms with the West India Company, and therefore undoubtedly having access
to its archives, he was unable to find a more recent map to serve his purpose than the
Figurative Map of 1614, a pretty clear indication that survey work, of any considerable
extent, was not done, or at least was not known in Holland, between 1616 and about
163 1-5, an assumption which is not contradicted by existing documents; at least,
no original manuscript maps of our territory between 1616 and 1630 are known. [^7]
Besides the additions taken from De Laet, and the names which very probably
came from the original of the Figurative Map, there remain the following: "Rivieten
achter Kol" (evidently intended for Riviertien — small river), which is found on
Blaeu's West Indische Paskaert, and "Oesters Eylandt," in its vicinity (which
name seems to appear on no other Dutch map); "Gebroke Land," for western Long
Island, found in this form on Blaeu's West Indische Paskaert (Blaeu's first Paskaart
having Gebroken landt), and "De gesellen," from the same map; several English and
[26] Catalogue geographie'voyages, etc. Amsterdam, Frederik Muller & Cie., 1910, No. 797.
(27] The Joris Carolus Map of 1626 has only a secondary interest for New Netherland.
90 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
French names,inaddition to the Dutch names, in New England; "C.Malabarre," added
to " Vlacke hoeck" from Blaeu's West Indische Paskaert, "C. Cod" and "C.Blanco,"
added to "Statenhoeck" (though misplaced), "Tragabigsonda," added to "Wyngaerts
hoeck," and, finally, "Baia d. S. Luc," taken from Blaeu's West Indische Paskaert.
Summarising the progress made during this first period of map-making, in connec-
tion with the knowledge of Manhattan Island: we see the Island appearing without a
name on Blaeu's First Paskaart, on his West Indische Paskaert, and on globes made
by Blaeu and Van Langren; then with the name "Manbattes, " on De Laet's map, and,
finally, as "Manatthans," on the map of New Netherland in Blaeu's Atlas, where it is
coupled with the name of the fort, "Nieu Amsterdam." The immediate vicinity of
Manhattan was, by 1630, pretty well known, although very meagre information was
available regarding the country inland. This is an interesting illustration of the char-
acter of the Dutch occupation before 1629. With that year a new era was opened
through the publication, by the West India Company, of the new "Conditions" for
its colonists, which naturally led to fresh activity in surveying and mapping.
Although some new details were added to individual maps, it may be safely asserted
that the maps of this period, taken in general, were all based on the Figurative Map
of Adriaen Block. As a definite proof of this assertion, we may cite the beautiful map
of Joris Carolus (C. PI. 33), drawn in 1626, and representing, primarily, the Polar
Regions, but extending, originally, somewhat to the south and west of the Hudson
River. Unfortunately, this map has been mutilated, only a part of the name
" Manates " remaining. We can distinguish also the name " Santhoeck," and part of the
name "[Fort] van Nassau," proving that this part of the map, at least, is not based
upon original information procured by the author, as this fort had been destroyed and
abandoned in 1618, and a new one. Fort Orange, had been built in 1624, which fort is
lacking on Joris Carolus's chart. The many small discrepancies between this map and
that of Adriaen Block may safely be ascribed to inaccuracies in copying. Carolus's
map contained originally also the name " (Nieu Nede)rland." In the title of this map
the author styles himself "stuurman en caertschrijver" (pilot and map-drawer), and
says that he sailed three times to the North and to the American coast. In view of his
representation of New Netherland, and considering the similarity between the style of
his map and that of Adriaen Block, there might be some reason for supposing that he
was the draughtsman of the Figurative Map as well, were it not for the fact that we
know that he was not in Holland in 1614, nor, indeed, in New Netherland, having left
Holland on his first voyage to the Polar Regions at the beginning of July, 1614. [^^]
Adriaen Block returned to Holland on July 24th of this year. In 161 5, Joris Carolus
started on his second voyage, to Davis Strait and Labrador, returning to Holland in
November of the same year.[^9] \{\^ third voyage, also to Davis Strait, took place
in i6i8.[3°]
[28] S. Muller, Geschiedenis der Noordsche Compagnie, Utrecht, 1874, p. 168.
[^9] Ibid., pp. 171, 173 (based on original documents).
[30] Ibid., pp. 174, 176; C. P. Burger, ]t., Amsterdamsche rehenmeesUrs en zeevaartkundigen in de zestiende eeutv.
Amsterdam, 1908, p. 219 (based on original documents).
PLATES
25-33
J
(J. PLAIL 2
W.O-zBLAEU'S FIRST
CPL,25.
PASKAART. C 1617.
C. PLATE 26
C PL. 2 6
C.PL, 27.
W. Jz, BLAEU'S FIRST PASKAART. C. 16 17.
Az. COLOMS PASCAFRTF 1631.
C.PL.28.
*^.J:i\l^Q
W. Jz. BLAEU'S SECOND WEST-INDISCHE PASCAERTE. C. 1621.
ANTONY JACOBSZ PASCAERTE. C. 1650.
C. PLATE 29
C.PL 29.
PASKAERTE , C . a650 .
C. PLATE 30
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C.PL.33.
JORIS CAROLUS. 1626.
ATHANASIUS INGA. 1624.
CHAPTER V
THE ENGLISH CARTOGRAPHY OF THE
VICINITY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
AFTER HUDSON
CHAPTER V
THE ENGLISH CARTOGRAPHY OF THE VICINITY OF
MANHATTAN ISLAND AFTER HUDSON
THERE was a legend in England in the seventeenth century that Hudson,
on his third voyage, which led to the discovery of the Hudson River in
1609, had been sent out by James I, and, accordingly, that he held a commis-
sion from the King of England.
In the pamphlet entitled A Description of the Province of New Albion (see Bibli-
ography), pubHshed in 1648, we read, on page 16, of "Hudsons river, of the name of
Hudson an English man, the discoverer thirty-five years since, who sold his discovery,
plots and cards to the Dutch." The author goes on to explain that, when Thomas
Dale and Samuel Argall visited Manhattan Island, in 1613, they found a Dutch gov-
ernor, to whom they stated that "their commission was to expell him and all aliens
Intruders on his Majesties Dominion and Territories, this being part of Virginia and
this river an English discovery of Hudson an English man."[']
Peter Heylyn, the well-known compiler, in his extensive Cosmographie, published
in 1657, recounts the same story, somewhat more in detail. He tells us that the
Dutch had "bought Hudson's cards and maps," but that Samuel Argall "disputed
the possession with them; alledging that Hudson, under whose sale they claimed that
countrey, being an EngHshman, and Hcensed to discover those Northern parts by the
King of England, could not ahenate or dismember it (being but a part or province of
Virginia) from the Crown thereof."[^]
The next writer who relates this story is John Josselyn, in his Account of Two
Voyages to New England, published in 1674. Josselyn calls New Netherland "the
Manadaes or Manahanent lying upon the great river Mohegan," and tells us that
"this river was first discovered by Mr. Hudson and sold presently by him to the
Dutch without authority from his sovereign the King of England, Anno 1608."
Directly after giving this information, the author relate^the story of the visit of Argall
to Manhattan Island. [^] And, finally, William Smith;,' the earhest historian of the
Province of New York, is satisfied to repeat the same information, without giving any
[■] Beauchamp Plantagenet, A Description of the Province of New Albion. London, 1648, p. 16 (copy in N. Y.
Pub. Lib. and in Brit. Mus.).
[2] Pp. 1027, 1028. See also Winsor, Nar. and Crit. Hist., VoL IV, p. 427.
[3] P. 153 (copy in N. Y. Pub. Lib. and in Brit. Mus.).
92 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
better authority: "Henry Hudson [he says], an Englishman, according to our Authors,
in the year 1608, under a commission from the King his master, discovered Long
Island, New York, and the River, which still bears his Name; and afterwards sold the
Country, or rather his Right, to the Dutch. Their Writers contend that Hudson was
sent out by the East India Company in 1609, to discover a North-West Passage to
China; and that having first discovered Delaware Bay, he came hither, and pene-
trated up Hudson's River, as far North as the Latitude of 43°. It is said, however,
that there was a Sale, and that the English objected to it, though they for some time
neglected to oppose the Dutch Settlement of the Country. "[+]
One of the best early English accounts is given by William Castell, in A Short
Discoverie of the Coasts and Continent of America, published in 1644, in which, on page
21, it is stated that "Henry Hudson" was "an Englishman, imployed by the States
of the Low-Countries for a discovery in those parts." But even Castell was only
partly well informed, for he continues: "After which discovery returning to
Amsterdam, he was next yeare by the merchants thereof sent forth againe with
a ship furnished with such commodities as were fittest to truck with the natives."
Behind this legend, however, lurks the truth that in England there existed a
special knowledge of Hudson's third voyage; and the fact remains that the river
discovered by him was called the Hudson River from the earliest times. The oldest
mention of this name is found in two resolutions of the Admiralty of Amsterdam,
dated, respectively, August 13 and 14, 1614, in which reference is made to the
"Riviere Hudson. "[5] This remained for many years the only Dutch reference to this
name, which, apparently, did not appear in print until 1622, when it is mentioned in
a Briefe Relation of the Discovery and Plantation of New England, etc., published in
London. Adriaen Block and Hendrick Christiaensz, who returned to Holland in the
same year (1614), called it "Riviere van den Vorst Mauritius,"['^] and, somewhat
later, the name of "Noord Rivier" was given to it. [7] In Wassenaer, De Laet, and
other Dutch writers, it is referred to, successively, as "Mauritius River," [■°' "> "•
'3. H] "Manhattes River," [7- «. 9] "Rio de Montaigne," [7- 9> loj "Great River,"
[8' 'S] and "Nassau River," [5' ^] but never as Hudson River. I believe that this was
done with a purpose, not in order to withhold the honour of this discovery from Hud-
son because he was an Englishman, but because he had discovered the river while
in the service of the Dutch East India Company. This fact, if acknowledged, would
have seriously weakened the claim of the New Netherland Company, which, in
1614, asked for a charter for the monopoly of trade with this country, on the ground
that their skippers were the first to discover it.
In English books and documents, the name Hudson River occurs regularly, begin-
1 4) William Smith, The History of the Province of New York. London, 1757, p. 2.
[ 5] Published in S. Muller Fz., Geschiedenis der Noordsche Compagnie. Utrecht, 1874, pp. 368-9.
I (>] See C. PI. 23. [ 7] De Laet, 1625, in Jameson, Nar. N. Nelh., p. 45.
[ 8] De Laet, 1630, in Jameson, p. 45. [ 9] In 1632 (A^. Y. Col. Docs., Vol. I, p. 5:).
[10] Wassenaer, in 1624, in Jameson, p. 67. ["] Isaack de Rasieres, in 1627, in Jameson, p. 102.
[■2] David Pietersz. de Vries, in 1633, in Jameson, p. 188.
['3] In 1634 (Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts, N. Y. State Educational Dept. Ed. by A. J. F. van Laer.
Albany, 1908, pp. 302, 306).
['4] In 1647 (Journal of New Netherland), in Jameson, p. 270.
[■5] Isaac Jogues, in 1646, in Jameson, p. 259.
ENGLISH CARTOGRAPHY AFTER HUDSON 93
ning with 1621. In this year, Dermer, speaking at a meeting of the Virginia Com-
pany, mentions his visit to "Hudson's river" in i6i9.['^]
In 1622, Dermer "met with certaine Hollanders, who had a trade in Hudsons
river. "['7]
In 1630, a reference is found to the settlements which the Dutch "have settled in
New England upon Hudson's River."['^]
In 1634, we find several references to "Hudson's river," "Hutsons river," and
"Hutson's baye," "adioyninge unto Virginia. "['5]
In 1637, the writer of New Canaan speaks of the "river Mohegan, called by the
English Hudson's River."[^°]
In 1638, the Dutch are referred to as planting tobacco "in Hudson's River."[^']
In 1642, "Hudsons river" is referred to in an English document, [^^] etc., etc.
The name "Hudson River" occurs also on all five of the English maps of this
early period that we have been able to find, the oldest one of which is known only
from a copy, published in Holland. It is, further, found on a French map, of 1628,
which shows English influence. It is scarcely conceivable that the use of Hudson's
name in England, as applied to the river discovered by him, was derived from the
two Amsterdam resolutions above referred to; and it may be accepted as a fact
that the English knew and used this name quite independently of the Dutch, which
is further proof that they had some knowledge of Hudson's own map.
Before considering these five English maps, let us see whether any survey work
was done by the English in the vicinity of Manhattan Island during the years im-
mediately following Hudson's discovery. In this connection, there are only two
navigators whose claims to having visited this neighbourhood, unguided by informa-
tion procured from the Dutch, need receive serious consideration: Argall and Dermer.
Argall is said to have visited the mouth of the Hudson twice, but the facts upon
which the account of these visits is based have been proved false. His pretended
first visit, in 1610, has already been discussed, in Chapter II of this work.[^3] His
second visit is supposed to have taken place in 1613, when, according to Beauchamp
Plantagenet's account, he landed with Thomas Dale "at Manhatas Isle in Hudsons
river, where they found four houses built, and a pretended Dutch Governour, under
the West-India Company of Amsterdam share or part; who kept trading boats and
trucking with the Indians." The Description of the Province of New Albion, which
contained this reference, was pubhshed in 1648, during the dispute between the English
and the Dutch over the settlement of the Hudson River, and was evidently concocted
to strengthen the claims of Plowden, who had recently procured a charter from the
King for the country lying north of Virginia. [^"^J The story of Argall's visit to Man-
[■6] Alexander Brown, Genesis of the United Stales, p. 877.
[■7] Briefe Relation of the Discovery and Plantation of New England. London, 1622, sign. C2.
1'*] The Planter's Plea. London, 1630; mentioned in O'Callaghan, History of New Netherland. New York,
1848, Vol. I, p. 128.
['9] Several times. A^. Y. Col. Docs., Vol. I, pp. 71, 73, 82; III, p. 19.
[^°] Thomas Morton, New English Canaan, Containing an Abstract of New England. Amsterdam, 1637 (copy
in British Museum); reprinted in Force's Tracts. Washington, 1836. See also S. F. Cooper, The Hudson River and
its Early Names, in Magazine of American History, 1880, Vol. IV, pp. 401-18.
[^■] N. Y. Col. Docs., Vol. Ill, p. 20. ["] Ibid., Vol. I, p. 128.
[23] See p. 57, text to notes [78] and [79]. [24] Winsor, Vol. IV, p. 427.
94 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
hattan Island is, as we have seen, repeated by several writers, in connection with the
legend that Hudson discovered the river which bears his name while sailing under a
commission received from King James I.
This visit to Manhattan Island is supposed to have taken place on Argall's return
to Virginia from the coast of Maine, where he had destroyed the French settlement.
He carried with him to Virginia, on his ship, two Jesuits and other French prisoners.
One of the former. Father Biard, has left a circumstantial narrative of his fate. In
two places in this narrative he states that they went straight to Virginia; in the first
of these he says: "We and the other Frenchmen who remained, fifteen in number,
were taken straight to Virginia, nearly 250 postleagues from where we had been taken
prisoners." In the other place he says: "The new Captainesse, which Argal com-
manded in spite of the tempest, safely reached Virginia in three weeks or there-
abouts."[^^] If, on this voyage, Argall had visited Manhattan Island, or even New
York Harbour, Biard would surely have mentioned it. From all of the documents
which are available, the only further /art which connects Argall with Manhattan
Island is that he proposed, in 1621, to go to the Hudson River, but that his visit was
delayed, because the Dutch had settled there. [^] For a further discussion of this
interesting and persistent myth, see the Bibliography, under "Plantagenet."
As to Dermer, there is no reason for doubting his own report of his journey from
the Kennebec to Virginia, in 1619. He does not give any names, but, from his
description, it seems clear that he sailed through Long Island Sound from east to
west, passing through Hell Gate and the Narrows, and that he anchored somewhere
in New York Bay, where the Indians came and drew a map of the vicinity on the
lid of his chest with a piece of chalk. "Would that we had this sketch !" — as De
Costa exclaims. [^7] The words from the journal which refer to it are as follows:
[After leaving the Capaock island which is written Caupaw on Inga's and Briggs's
maps, and which is now called Nantucket Island], I stood away shaping my course as
the Coast led mee, till I came to the most Westerly part, where the Coast began to fall
away Southerly. In my way I discouered Land about thirtie leagues in length, here-
tofore taken for Mayne [Long Island], where I feared I had beene imbayed, but by the
helpe of an Indian I got to the Sea againe, through many crooked and streight passages
[the western extremity of Long Island Sound, with its islands, Hell Gate, the East River,
and New York Bay] . . . wee found a most dangerous Catwract [Hell Gate] amongst
small rockie Hands, occasioned by two unequall tydes, the one ebbing and flowing
two houres before the other: here wee lost an Anchor by the strength of the current,
but found it deepe enough: from hence were wee carried in a short space by the tydes
swiftnesse [East River] into a great Bay (to us so appearing) [New York Bay] but indeede
is broken land, which gaue us light of the Sea: here, as I said, the Land treadeth
Southerly. In this place I talked with many Saluages, who told me of two sundry pas-
sages [The Narrows and Long Island Sound] to the great Sea on the West, offered me
Pilots, and one of them drew mee a Plot with Chalke upon a Chest, whereby I found
it a great Hand, parted the two Seas [Long Island]; they report the one scarce passable
for shoalds, perillous currents [Hell Gate], the other no question to be made of [The
Narrows]. Hauing receiued these directions, I hasten to the place of greatest hope,
[2S] Brown, Genesis, pp. 702, 720.
[26] N. Y. Col. Docs., Vol. Ill, p. 6 et seq., and Winsor, Vol. IV, p. 427.
[27] Cabo de Arenas. New York, 1885, p. 4.
ENGLISH CARTOGRAPHY AFTER HUDSON 95
where I purposed to make triall of Gods goodnesse towards us, and use my best endeuour
to bring the truth to light, but wee were but onely shewed the entrance, where in seeking
to passe wee were forced backe with contrary and ouerblowing windes, hardly escaping
both our Hues. Being thus ouercharged with weather, I stood alongst the coast to
seeke harbours, to attend a fauourable gale to recouer the streight, but being a harbour-
lesse Coast [the New Jersey Coast] for ought we could then perceiue, wee found no
succour till wee arriued betwixt Cape Charles and the Maine on the East side the Bay
Chestapeak. [^*]
From another source, we know that, on a subsequent voyage, Dermer "met with
certaine Hollanders, who had a trade in Hudsons river some yeares before that time,
with whom he had conference about the state of that Coast." [^^]
Furthermore, we know that on July 10, 1621, Dermer claimed before the Virginia
Company of London, that he had made "discoveries from Cape Charles to Cape Cod,
up Delaware river and Hudson's river, being but twenty or thirty leagues from our
plantation, and within our limits, within which rivers were found divers ships of
Amsterdam and Horne."[3°]
Later on, he adds the very interesting remark: "I have drawne a plot of the
coast which I dare not yet part with for feare of danger." It is indeed unfortunate
that this map is lost, as it must have depicted the neighbourhood of Manhattan
Island, either from personal observation or from the descriptions and sketches of
the Indians.
The English possessed, in these early years, but scant knowledge of the sur-
roundings of Manhattan. In 161 1 (June 25), all that Lord Delaware was able to say of
this coast was: "There is also found without our Bay to the Northward an excellent
fishing Banke for Cod and Ling . . . other Islands there are upon our Coasts, that
doe promise rich Merchandise," etc.[3'] And Henri Briggs, in a treatise accompany-
ing his map, states that "the coasts ... of I^ew England to the East [of Virginia
are] somewhat more out of the way, amongst so many Flats and small Islands not
so safe."[^^]
This Henri Briggs, the author of the map of "The North part of America,"
which we know only by the engraving in Purchas by R. Elstracke, was in corres-
pondence with Dermer, who expressed his hope of finding a northern passage, as,
"in a letter from Virginia he signified to me [Briggs]. "[^3] It is, therefore, possible
that the rather sketchy portrayal of the Hudson River and the islands near its
mouth on Briggs's map was copied from the lost map of Dermer. It is interesting
to observe, in this connection, that the "island of Caupaw," shown on Briggs's
map near Cape Cod, is mentioned in Dermer's narrative of his voyage. New York
Bay is fairly well expressed on the map. Long Island is shown in embryo, as on
the Champlain Map of 1632, and Long Island Sound is drawn much too wide. The
small island between the Bay of New York and the Sound may, perhaps, typify the
islands which Dermer observed, and which he referred to in his narrative. The
only name which appears in this neighbourhood is "Hudson's R."
[^^1 Purchas, His Pilgrimes. London, 1625, Vol. IV, 1778-9.
[29] A Bruje Relation of the Discovery and Plantation of New England. London, 1622. See also Chronology.
[30] Brown, Genesis, p. 877. [31] Purchas, Vol. IV, 1764.
[32] Ibid., Vol. Ill, 852. [33] Ibid., Vol. Ill, 849.
96 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
There is reason to believe that Briggs's map is earlier than 1625; for, in 1624, a
map of North America was published in Holland, in a work by Athanasius Inga,
entitled West Indische Spieghel (C. PI. 33). [^*] On this map the coasts of Virginia and
New England correspond almost exactly with Briggs's representation, and the same
English names are given. This map also gives the name "Hudson's R.", and is the oldest
map on which this name is known to occur.[^5] It is the only map mentioning this
name published in Holland during this period. Neither Briggs's map nor that of Athan-
asius Inga gives the slightest indication of a Dutch settlement on the Hudson River.
Nearly the same representation, also with the mention of Hudson River (Hud-
son's Rio), is found on a map of America, by John Speed, engraved by Abraham Goos,
who also engraved the Inga Map. The earliest edition of this Speed Map is dated
1626, and it was reissued from time to time, in modified and augmented form, until
as late as 1776. [^^] The same figuration is found also on a world-map published
in Paris by Melchior Tavernier, in 1628. [^7]
During the Dutch occupation, EngHsh vessels now and then visited Manhattan
Island and the Hudson River, although comparatively few such visits have been
recorded; as, for instance, that of the English ship commanded by Captain Stoons,
who was reported outside of Sandy Hook on June 15, 1633, [3^] and another EngHsh
ship, whose captain was mentioned, on April i8th of the same year, as being in New
Amsterdam, and as ascending the Hudson River with the intention of going to Fort
Orange.[3^] Jn 1637 an English vessel is also mentioned, at the "Manatans,"['^°] etc.
After the above-mentioned maps, which record a knowledge of our coast derived
from a voyage made in 1619, the next map which I have found, made in England
and delineating the New Netherland coast, is dated 1639. We have but scant know-
ledge of what had become known of this region in England during this period, but we
may assume that the Dutch publications of De Laet, Blaeu, and others found their
way thither, and that Dutch cartography must have had an influence upon the
English maps of the period, although very few of these, showing the neighbourhood
of Manhattan Island, have survived. Indeed, the manuscript map of Daniel, dated
1639 (C. PI. 34), and that of Cumberford, dated 1646 (C. PI. 34), both of which
are preserved in Florence, are the only examples which I am able to cite. These two
maps, however, are sufficient to show that in England there existed at this time a
pecuHar representation of our coast. Both of these maps show Dutch influence, as
we might expect. The British Museum possesses another chart drawn by Daniel,
representing the Southern Atlantic, and dated i6i4.[*'] In 1613, the East India
[34] Winsor, Vol. IV, pp. 416, 417, ascribes the work to Usselinx, the well-known promoter of the Dutch West
India Company and the Swedish Company. See also Bibliography.
[35] B. F. de Costa was the first to mention the map of Inga in Mag. of Amer. Hist., July, 1882, p. 513.
[36J This map must not be confused with Speed's "Map of New England and New York," issued separately
c. 1665, and included, with text on back, in Speed's Prospect, 1676. The only known copies of the separate issue are
in the British Museum and in Mr. Stokes's Collection. — See Map Descriptions, under date.
[37] See Map Descriptions, under date. [38] fan Rensselaer Bowier MSS., p. 272.
[39] David Pietersz. de Vries, Korte Historiael. Uitg. H. T. Colenbrander. 's Gravenhage, 1911, pp. 179 and
174-5; A', r. Co/. Dofj-., I: 72-81.
[40] f^an Rensselaer Bowier MSS., p. 374. For the names of other ships at Manhattan during the following
years see: James Penninck, De eerste schepen in den haven van Nieuw- Amsterdam die de vlag vati Engeland of eene
andere vreemde natie voerden, in: De Navorscher, Vol. LXIV (1915), pp. 177-83.
[41] Add. MS. S4IS. c. I.
ENGLISH CARTOGRAPHY AFTER HUDSON 97
Company's ships used "a platte of John Danyells making" (made on Mercator's pro-
jection), for the voyage to the Cape,[+^] and, in 1612, a map from his hand, dehnea-
ting the North Polar Regions, is mentioned. [*3]
The Daniel and Cumberford Maps are most important for the configuration of
Virginia and New England. Here, however, we must confine ourselves to that part
of the coast which is of special interest to our subject. We find on both maps the
names of Staten Island ("States I." on Daniel; "Staitts I." on Cumberford), Hell
Gate ("Helegate" and "Helgatte"), Archipelago ("Archi Pelago" and "Archipel-
lago"), and Block Island.
New York Bay and Manhattan Island, however, show a form of representation
quite different from that of the Dutch maps. The Hudson River is designated on
both as "Hudsons R." and the name of Manhattan Island, written "Manhatas I."
on the one, and "Manhattas I." on the other, is, in each case, placed on the west
bank of the river, although the island itself is found in its correct location, and is well
outlined. This delineation agrees remarkably with that on the Velasco Map, pre-
sumed to contain, for this region, Hudson's cartography; but the resemblance ap-
pears still more striking when we discover, west of the mouth of the Hudson, a bay
with two rivers and an island, which coincides closely with a similar portrayal on the
Velasco Map. This bay may be considered as a somewhat distorted representation
of the Lower Bay of New York, and the island as Staten Island. On the Velasco
Map Sandy Hook is very distinctly shown; on Daniel's map it has become a small
island, but still shows its identity by its location. On Cumberford's map the Lower
Bay has lost its salient characteristics, and the island representing Sandy Hook has
disappeared. This map has also the name "Long Island." As the Velasco Map lay
concealed in the Royal Archives in Spain for so many years, it must have been the
original, from which it was copied, that supplied the cartography of this region to
English map-makers, a further indication that Hudson's chart remained in England,
and became known there. It will be recalled that we have even suggested the
hypothesis that this same John Daniel was the author of the original of the Velasco
Map. [44]
The influence on these maps of Dutch cartography is further shown in the form of
the name "Staitts," wrongly copied from "Staet" (the Dutch seventeenth-century
e resembling i), and, in the apocryphal name "R. Aclitre," west of Manhattan
Island, which stands for "R. Achter (Kol)." We must note further that the Hudson
River, on both maps, has two tributaries, a form of representation found on no other
map except Champlain's. The name "New Netherland" is conspicuously lacking on
both, but "Nova Anglia" appears in large capital letters across the country occupied
by the Dutch. [45]
ROBERT DUDLEY'S DELL' ARCANO DEL MARE
The same combination of Dutch and English cartography that we have noted
[42] Early Dutch and English Voyages to Spitsbergen in the Seventeenth Century. Ed. by W. Martin Conway. Hak-
luyt Society, II, II (1904), page 21, note i. [43] See p. 58, text to note [82].
[44] See p. 57.
[45] Other charts drawn by Cumberford, representing several parts of the globe, are in the British Museum;
their dates vary from 1657 to 1664 (Add. MSS. 5414, arts. 8, 11, 12, 13; 5415, c. 2).
98 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
above, prevails on the maps of Robert Dudley, although the composition of these
maps shows more critical judgment. [+ ]
Dudley's career was a romantic one. Born in 1574, he began his nomad life by
making a voyage of discovery to Guiana, in 1594, and he had a command in the Cadiz
expedition of 1596. Abraham Kendall, the pilot of Francis Drake, who died, in 1596,
on the same day as his admiral, off Porto Bello, might be called Dudley's master;
from him he learned the art of navigation so thoroughly that his knowledge of it might
have sufficed for an admiral. After his return to England, Dudley tried, in 1605, to
get his birth, as a son of the Earl of Leicester, legitimatised, but, failing in this, he
shortly afterwards left England, furtively, accompanied by a young lady, Elizabeth
Southwell, whom he married in Lyons in 1606.
In this same year he took up his residence in Florence, and, after having offered
his services to the King of Spain, in 1608, without success,[47] hg became a man of great
influence at the Court of the Medicis. Among other public services, he reorganised
the fleet and improved the harbour of Leghorn. He died in 1649. During his later
years, Dudley devoted much of his time to the preparation of a comprehensive work
on ship-building and navigation. The first edition of this work was pubhshed in
Florence in 1646-8, with the title of DeW Arcano del Mare, and is, without doubt,
the most important maritime atlas of its time. (See Bibliography.)
From the maps contained in this atlas, it appears that Dudley had at his disposal
an immense collection of manuscript and printed material, especially Dutch and
English maps, which fact appears most conspicuously in his delineations of the Polar
Regions, where he follows Hudson's and Barendts's charts; in his maps of the Pacific,
where the influence of Le Maire and others is apparent; and in Brazil, where he
evidently copied Dutch maps.
Comparing Dudley's maps with those in other atlases, such as Blaeu's, Janssonius's,
etc., we at once notice a marked difference, which is that his maps are not drawn by
individual draughtsmen, who based their work on some actual survey, correct or
incorrect, but that they are composed by blending, with critical judgment, the
materials furnished by several maps, often differing in details, and even contradicting
each other. It was the scientific feeling of the author that determined what should be
included, and what excluded. This fact gives to the maps of Dudley a character
pecuHar to themselves, so that they are easily recognised. They all bear the stamp
and individuality of the author, and, for this reason, are often inferior to other maps
which had a more natural origin.
The dominating characteristic of Dudley, which strikes us at once in reading his
biography, is vanity, combined, as is usually the case, with an over-rating of his own
abilities. When still a youth, he was obsessed by the idea of making a great voyage
of discovery, and it was his ambition to circle the globe as Drake had done. The
counsellors of Queen Elizabeth, however, did not allow him to go farther than Guiana,
and, judged by the meagre results of his expedition, they were justified. It is recorded
that he loved inordinately his personal appearance. He was an accomplished horse-
[46] For the biography of Dudley, see, principally: J. Temple Leader, Life of Sir Robert Dudley. Florence, 1895;
and the Introduction to his Foyage of Guyana, published by the Hakiuyt Society, 1899.
[47] From unpublished documents in the Archive general de Simancas, Secretaria de Estado, leg. 2025, fol. 176-8;
leg. 2032: Relacion de la Invencion de navios del Conde de Guaruic Ingles.
ENGLISH CARTOGRAPHY AFTER HUDSON 99
man and very proud of it, and, in Florence, a manuscript in his own handwriting,
on horsemanship, is still preserved.
This quality of vanity betrays itself also in his maps: in order to make these
appear more complete and interesting, he resorted to the curious expedient of repeat-
ing, often several times, the same name. We find, for instance, " B[aye] Ooster,"
"R[io] Ooster," and "C[abo] Ooster"; "B. di Nassau," "I. di Nassau," and "C. di
Nassau," etc.
Dudley, apparently, interpreted his sources and the documents which he used
in a very arbitrary fashion. After a careful study of his maps — both printed and
manuscript — I am persuaded that he followed no other method than the exercise of
his own judgment; and, unfortunately, he was lacking in the ability to discern between
reliable and unreliable information. Rather curiously, the principal question which
interested Dudley seems, from his original manuscript, to have been that of longitude.
We know how many difficulties this question presented in those early days, and the
consideration of how much Dudley's Atlas contributed to the progress of knowledge
in this direction merits, no doubt, the serious attention of modern scholars. Such
consideration is necessary before we can appreciate the true value of the two maps
which Dudley made of New Netherland, and assign them to their rightful place. Of
each of these maps the original manuscript is still in existence, and diflfers in many
points from the printed edition, a fact that need not cause surprise, as the printed
maps appeared ten and twelve years, respectively, after the maps were originally
drawn, ['^^j
The earlier of these maps, the "Carta seconda Generale de I'America" (C. PI. 37),
represents the eastern coast of North America, and resembles principally Daniel's
map of 1639. This resemblance is still more evident in the manuscript (C. PI. 36),
which is more carefully executed, than in the engraved copy, on which too much
prominence is given to the rivers and to the curves of the coast-line. As this map
appears in Dudley's manuscript, which is dated 1636, it cannot, of course, have
been copied from the 1639 map of Daniel. There are also some slight, but, at the
same time, significant differences, between the two maps. The delineation of the
Upper and Lower Bays of New York is the same as on Daniel's map, but here "Sand
Poynt" is really a promontory, and not an island, as on the former. We have seen
already that this representation was derived from the original of the Velasco Map
which, as we have pointed out, there is good reason to believe was Hudson's own
map. Dudley must, therefore, have had before him a map which resembled the
original after which Daniel's map was copied. This original is one of the important
missing links between Velasco's map of 161 1 and Dudley's of 1636.
We have noted the existence, in the British Museum, of a manuscript chart of
Daniel's, dated as early as 1614, and of another map from his hand mentioned as
early as 161 2. [49] It is, therefore, fair to assume that Dudley owned, or at least had
access to earHer issues of Daniel's map than that of 1639. In Florence there are, in
[48] See Bibliography, Map Descriptions, and the statement of Antonio Francisco Lucini, the engraver, who
writes, in the dedicatory epistle to the second edition of the Arcano, "Fiorenza, 1661," that he worked on the
plates in seclusion for twelve years, in an obscure Tuscan village, using no less than 5,000 pounds of copper in the
making. See Phillips, A List of Geographical Atlases. Washington, 1909, No. 457.
[49] See p. 58, text to note [82].
100 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
the Bibliotheca Palatina, six other portulanos by Daniel, dated 1637 and 1639, ^^'^
probably belonging originally to the Dudley Collection. These maps delineate the
other great seas of the world, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific, the Indian Archipelago,
the Southern Atlantic, and the Polar Regions. On the manuscript maps of the
coasts of Africa and India, in the original manuscript of the Arcano, preserved in the
Royal Library in Munich, and dated 1636, Dudley added several notes in his own
hand, to the effect that these maps should be corrected from the English maps in his
possession; probably a reference to the Daniel charts above referred to. Many names
appear on the manuscript map in rather unusual form. Most of these, however, may
be recognised as corruptions of well-known names, although "I. luter," for R. Achter
(Kol), is certainly a rather far-fetched aberration. The un-named island lying in the
mouth of the Hudson River is evidently intended for Manhattan, and Staten Island
is so far separated from the mainland as to convert the Arthur Kills into a wide bay.
Dudley also introduced upon this manuscript map the name of "C. de Petras
Arenas," which he added to the name of Cape May. [S°]
The engraved map, "Carta Seconda Generale del' America," engraved by Lucini,
and published in the first volume of the Arcano, in 1646, was apparently "corrected"
after Daniel's map, which Dudley had since acquired. A second island, probably
representing the extremity of Sandy Hook, has been added, south-west of Staten
Island; and "I. Inter," for R. Achter (Kol), has been still further mutilated, and ap-
pears here as "I. Tuter." The manuscript and the engraved map both have the
name "R. Hudson."
The second and larger map contained in the Arcano bears the title "Carta parti-
colare della nuoua Belgia e parte della nuoua Anglia" (C. PI. 37). It was pubHshed
in 1648, and represents the coasts from Cape Henlopen to the "B. di S. luca," which
is given as the eastern frontier of New England. This is the same region covered by
the map in Blaeu's Atlas of 1635 (viz. the printed edition of the Figurative Map of
Adriaen Block).
The original of the "Carta particolare" is No. 40 in the original manuscript of
Dudley's Atlas, preserved in Munich (C. PI. 35). This original must, consequently,
be dated 1636. It shows no EngHsh influence; but, in the delineation of the coast-
line, as well as in the nomenclature, it follows Blaeu's maps — especially the one pub-
lished in the 1635 Atlas — the West Indische Paskaert, and, for the situation of Block
Island, the Paskaart van Guinea, etc. Even the so-called "separate map" of New
York Bay, by Dudley, [5' ] which is nothing more than a part of the New Nether-
land map which is preserved, in folded state, in the Munich volume, does not show
any delineation or name which could not be derived from the above-mentioned
maps. [5^] Sandpunt here appears in its AngHcised form "Sandpoynt," and Dudley
[so] See the Bibliography and the Map Descriptions for a fuller description of Dudley's manuscript and printed
atlases.
[51] Edward Everett Hale, Early Maps in Munich, in the Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, October
21, 1873. Worcester, 1874. This article describes Hale's discovery, in Munich, of the manuscript maps of the
Arcano, and gives much interesting comment, including Hale's statement that he believed that Dudley had used
the charts of Henry Hudson in the preparation of his maps of the Polar Regions and that those of the Pacific Ocean
were based upon the original observations of Thomas Cavendish, whose sister Dudley had married.
[S2]This map of New Netherland, in Dudley's manuscript, is drawn on a double folio sheet. The map was
cancelled by the author, and, on the back of it, he drew a map of Nova Francia and Terra Nova. When the set
of maps was bound, this latter map was put in its proper place, with the result that the New Netherland map came
ENGLISH CARTOGRAPHY AFTER HUDSON loi
evidently felt obliged to make use of the classic name of Cabo de Arenas, which,
in his wonted fashion, he introduces three times: once as "C. de Pedras Arenas" or
"C. May," again as "B(aya) d'Arena," shown as an equivalent for "Sande Bay,"
and, thirdly, as "La Costa di Arena," for the coast south of Sandy Hook.
Manhattan Island, on this manuscript map, has the same triangular form as on
the map of New Netherland in Blaeu's Atlas, but bears no name. Hudson River is
named "R. Mauritio"; western Long Island is broken up into many small islands,
as on the "Carta particolare," and as on the map of New Netherland in Blaeu's
Atlas. This is a curious retrogression, as the "Carta Seconda Generale," following
Daniel's chart, represents it correctly, as a single island.
This interesting manuscript map was cancelled by the author, as is shown by a
note in the same handwriting as the rest of the map, the reason stated being "because
it has been made over better." Of this re-draft no manuscript exists in the collec-
tion, although its essential particulars have been preserved in the "Carta partico-
lare," which contains additional Dutch material, derived from the same sources,
perhaps the most important addition being the name "Nuouo Amstrdam," possibly
the only case in which this name appears on a map in this Itahan form. The coast-
line here follows even more closely the New Netherland map in Blaeu's Atlas than
it does on the unfinished manuscript map. This is particularly noticeable in the
location of Block Island. "I. Lange" ("t Lange Eylandt" on Blaeu's 1635 map),
for Fisher's Island, has been added. The "Carta particolare" shows also the influ-
ence of Daniel's map, having the name "R. Hudson" in addition to "R. Martins,"
a corruption of "R. Mauritio," as it is written on the unfinished manuscript map,
and "I. Manhatas," to the west of Hudson River. Between these two, curiously
enough, is found the name "Osters Ilant," evidently taken from Blaeu's 1635 map
(Oesters Eylandt).
East of the Hudson River, we find "Minatthans," evidently carelessly copied from
"Manatthans" on Blaeu's map. Here Dudley has unconsciously combined the two
different cartographical interpretations of Manhattan, that of the English and that
of the Dutch, which representations go back to Hudson and Block, respectively, the
first EngHsh and the first Dutch explorer who came in contact with the tribe which
bore this name. The only unexplained name, although an important one, is "I.
State," which name is given to a small island between the real Staten Island, here
called "I. Godins," and Sandy Hook. In this form the name takes its origin from a
Dutch map ("State" being an abbreviated form of Statin.- Daniel has Stat^j- I.).
I am unable to indicate a Dutch map, printed before 1648, on which the name of
on the back. Calling the four pages of this double folio sheet I, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, the map of Nova Francia
and Terra Nova is found on pages 2 and 3, and the map of New Netherland on pages 1 and 4, page 4 containing the
left or westerly portion. As the fold of the sheet passes through the middle of Long Island, and cuts the Connecticut
coast somewhere in the neighbourhood of Stamford, page 4 contains only the western part of Long Island, a small
stretch of the present Connecticut shore, and the New York and New Jersey coast as far as Delaware Bay. This
portion of the map was described by Hale as a special map of New York Bay. It contains the following names:
Maauans I. di RachterKol Rondebergh hook Narnti Cons
Mahicans Rachterkol Sande-Bay 0 B. d' Arena C. di Pedras Arenas
B. di Keer B. di Rachter Kol R. di Sande Bay C. May
Helle gate C. Codins La Costa di Arena C. Hinlopen.
I. de Helle gate Sandpoynt P(or)to de Eyer
R. Mauritio La Punta Porto
T02 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Staten Island occurs. On the manuscript Figurative Map of 1614, and on other
Dutch maps preceding Dudley's, the island is delineated without name.[53] The
real Staten Island, called here "I. Godins," is a typical example of Dudley's habit
of repetition, the name also appearing as "C.(ape) Godins" on the western end of
Long Island. In New England, several names have been introduced from English
sources, among them "Boston" and "Winter Harbor." The latter name was sup-
posed by Winsor to be found only on Dudley's map,[5'^] although it also appears on
Daniel's map, which was unknown to Winsor.
The "Carta particolare" is the first map of New Netherland on which the
degrees of latitude and longitude are fully drawn. On Blaeu's 1635 map, the degrees
are only indicated in the margins. Lucini, who signs these maps, was the engraver
only, and not the author. He may, perhaps, have been responsible for the errors in
spelling, with which the maps abound.
The importance of the Arcano maps — both manuscript and engraved — lies prin-
cipally in the fact that, collectively, they reveal to us the continuity of the English
cartography of the surroundings of Manhattan Island, from its discovery by Hud-
son, in 1609, down to 1648. The English cartography was influenced by the work
of the Dutch, but it preserved the original location of Manhattan, on the west shore
of the Hudson River, and continued, during the Dutch occupation, the use of the
name of Hudson for the river discovered by him. The Dutch were naturally anxious
to forget this discovery, as it endangered their rights on the American coast; and
they, therefore, purposely, omitted Hudson's name from their maps.
[S3] It may be that Dudley had knowledge of some Dutch engraved map, now lost, or of some Dutch manu-
script map, containing the name of Staten Island. It seems hardly possible that he can have seen the original of the
Manatus Maps, which, although made in 1639, probably was not copied before 1660, nor made known in Italy until
about 1669.
[54] Winsor, Vol. Ill, p. 303.
PLATES
34-37
C. PLATE 34
O
z
X
o
D
a:
o
u.
a:
m
2
o
u
o
z
C. PLATE 35
¥-
i
•1l
Yc
C.PL.35.
ROB. DUDLEY 1636.
C.PL.,36.
.«^^^*e=^*af^-fr- '^-«^i^*'
,H- ■■■'KCtiilifej
ROB, DUDLEY. 1636.
C. PLATE 37
ROB. DUDLEY 1648.
C.PL. 37.
ROB, DUDLEY. 1646.
CHAPTER VI
SECOND PERIOD OF THE DUTCH SURVEYING OF
MANHATTAN ISLAND AND ITS VICINITY
{c. 1630-f. 1650)
CHAPTER VI
SECOND PERIOD OF THE DUTCH SURVEYING OF
MANHATTAN ISLAND AND ITS VICINITY
c. 1630-t:. 1650
EARLY SETTLEMENT
IN the preceding chapters, we have discussed the early explorations in the neigh-
bourhood of Manhattan Island, and their record on existing maps. Let us now
consider, briefly, a few of the more important contemporary references to the
early settlements on the Hudson River, and especially on Manhattan Island.
Perhaps the earliest reference to a possible sojourn of Europeans in the neighbour-
hood of Manhattan Island is that contained in a complaint, addressed on October
25, 1634, by the Assembly of XIX to the States-General, in relation to the repre-
sentations of one Jacob Jacobsen Elkens, a trader, who, in April, 1633, came to
the North River in the service of one William Klobery, an Englishman, with the
ship "WilHam," and, although refusing to exhibit "his Majesty's instructions or
commission," made public claim that "said river and adjacent country were in, and
of the Domain of his Majesty of Great Britain." Although the complaint states
that "the said river and adjacent countries had been discovered in the year 1609,
at the cost of the East India Company," it adds ". . . . likewise that one or
more little forts were built under your High Mightinesses' chief jurisdiction, even
before the year 161 4, and supplied with people for the security of the said trade;
further, that after these countries had passed into the hands of the incorporated
West India Company, not only were the above-named forts renewed and enlarged,
but said Company purchased from the Indians who were the indubitable owners
thereof, the Island of the Manhattes, situate at the entrance of the said river, and
there laid the foundation of a city."
This reference to an early fort on the North River is repeated, and the date 1598
assigned to the first frequenting of these parts, in a "Report and advice on the condi-
tion of New Netherland, drawn up from documents and papers placed by com-
mission of the Assembly of XIX, dated 15th Deer. 1644, in the hands of the General
Board of Accounts to examine the same, to make a digest thereof, and to advise the
Assembly how the decay there can be prevented, population increased, agriculture
advanced, and that country wholly improved for the Company's benefits." The
report begins as follows:
New Netherland extending from the South River, lying in 34^^ degrees, to Cape
Malabar in the latitude of 41^ degrees, jvas first frequented by the inhabitants of this
I04 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
country in the year 1598, and especially by those of the Greenland Company, but
without making any fixed settlements, only as a shelter in the winter. For which
purpose they erected on the North and South river there two little forts against the
incursions of the Indians. A charter was afterwards on the nth of October, 1614,
granted by their High Mightinesses [etc.] {N. Y. Col. Docs., I: 149).
There is, however, no proof, or even suggestion, that such a fort on the North
River, even if built, was on Manhattan Island. Indeed, it would seem more likely
that, if it existed at all, it was on Castle Island, on the same site as the fort built in
1614, a spot which even in the early days of Fort Orange was the rumoured site of
an earlier fortification.
We may here recall the fact that William Bradford, writing from Plymouth
to Sir Ferdinando Gorges, under date of June 15, 1627, remarks: "We have of late
received letters from the Dutch plantation, and have had speech with some of them.
. . They have used trading there this six or seven and twenty years, but have begun
to -plant of later time, and now have reduced their trade to some order, and confined
it only to their company, which heretofore was spoiled by their seamen and inter-
lopers, as ours Is this year most notoriously. ..."
Attention has already been called to the fact that on the large map in Hakluyt's
Principall Navigations, 1589, there is apparently a dotted trail extending from the coast
just below the 40th degree to the St. Lawrence, which seems to indicate that there
was, even at this early period, intercourse between these two localities.
The foregoing references, however, in common with the tales of the Northmen's
explorations of our coast, belong to the legendary or prehistoric period of our history,
and cannot claim our further consideration here.
Such facts as are available concerning the neighbourhood of Manhattan Island
in the intervening years before the explorations of Block and Christiaensz have
been briefly referred to in Chapters II and III.
For the years immediately following the first opening up of the Hudson River
to traders, in 1614, we find only occasional references to Manhattan Island, and
there is nothing to prove that during this period the ships which passed up and
down the Hudson to and from Fort Orange, the only established trading-post on the
river, ever tarried at Manhattan Island, or attempted to establish there even a
temporary trading-post; although there is good reason to believe that from the time
of Cornelis Hendricks's visits, during the winters of 1614-15 and 161 5-16, and
possibly even earlier, traders occasionally camped upon the island. We may, how-
ever, be quite sure that nothing deserving the name of a settlement was established
there during this period, and that if any houses were built by Europeans, they were
of the most primitive type and served merely for the occasional and temporary
shelter of explorers or traders and their stores. — See Chronology.
It seems that this state of affairs continued even after the formation of the West
India Company, in 1621. When this corporation was on the point of taking in hand
the region of New Netherland, comprised within its charter — on November 3, 1623 —
"there appeared before the Assembly [of Nineteen] Adriaen Jorisz. Thienpont,
skipper, [in the employ] of Sieur Coerten, who had been in the 'Virginius,' and
declared that they had there, in 'rio de Montagne,' still some merchandise, two sloops
SECOND PERIOD OF DUTCH SURVEYING
105
and some people. He asked for a yacht, in order to sell their merchandise and to bring
home the people."['] After some deliberation it was resolved . . . "to have a
ship sent to the Virginias equipped by the City of Amsterdam and furnished with
a cargo for the continuation of the commerce. With this ship they can transport
V or VI colonist families to plant a beginning of a colony there and on the same occasion
transport hither the said remaining merchandise and the rest of the people." This
was evidently the first germ of the Fort Orange settlement, which took definite
shape in the expedition which sailed early in March of the following year. This
heretofore unpublished official record may refer to the trials of the early traders near
Albany, just before the permanent establishment of Fort Orange, in 1624, or, which
is more likely, to one of the expeditions officially authorised after the expiration of
the original charter, in 1619. If the former supposition were correct, it would indi-
cate that in the autumn of 1623 only a few stranded traders remained on the
"River of the Mountains," so few that they could all be taken home together, in a
single yacht, and that these survivors were probably in the neighbourhood of Fort
Orange, and not on Manhattan Island.
The extent of geographical knowledge which existed during this early period is
illustrated in our cartography by the Figurative Maps, which, no doubt, sufficiently
supplied such meagre information as was needed by the few sailors who approached
the precincts of Manhattan. ['^]
It is a well-known fact, in connection with the early history of New Netherland,
that the progress of the Dutch colony was very slow, and came several times to a
complete standstill, more than once even retrograding. The Directors of the West
India Company from time to time made efforts to improve this condition of affairs,
and kept offering new and more alluring "conditions" and "privileges," in order
to attract more immigrants to their settlements. This suggests a natural division of
the Dutch colonial period into several stages, each marked by a fresh introduction
of settlers from Holland.
After the English had, in 1621, disputed the right of the Dutch to settle on the
Hudson River, [^] and the West India Company had begun to turn its attention to
this part of its territory, the first result was that, at the beginning of March, 1624,
a group of emigrants, mostly Walloons, started, in the ship "Nieu Nederlandt,"
from Amsterdam, bound for the North River, where they arrived early in May,
and, proceeding up the river, built Fort Orange. Cornelis Jacobsz-May accompanied
this expedition as skipper and as first Director of New Netherland (Wassenaer,
April, 1624, December, 1624, and November, 1626).
This band of pioneers was followed, about March 30, 1624, by the ship "Nieu
Verdriet" ("New Sorrow"), which left Amsterdam with colonists for the Mauritius
River under "provisional orders" bearing that date (Van Rappard MSS., Document
[■ ] "Veneris Den 3 November 1623. "Is mede gehoort Adrlaen Jorisz Thienpont Schipr. van Sr.Coerten inde
Virginius geweest hebbende verclarende dat syluyden daer in rio de Montagne noch diverse restanten 2 schaloupen
ende volck hebbeii. Waerover versoeckt datse mochten een jacht toemaecken om hare coopmanschappen te ver-
handeien ende hun volck thuys te halen." W. I. Cie. Vergadering ncgentienen. Notulen (Acts of the Assembly of
Nineteen of the West India Company), Nov. 3, 1623, No. 45. State Archives, The Hague, "Kolon. Aanw., No. i."
['^] In this connection, it is worthy of note that the Figurative Map of 1614 shows a more intimate knowledge
of Manhattan Island than that of 1616, which does not indicate its insularity.
[2 ] Brodhead, Hist. 0/ the State of N. Y., Vol. I, p. 150. See also p. 109.
io6 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
A. [^^] These orders provided for a "settlement on the river of the prince Maurits
or in such other places as may be allotted them by the Commander and his council," and
further directed that the colonists should "do their best for the common fortification
of the same and for the erection of public buildings and the establishment of com-
merce." The colonists were to be supplied for two years with provisions and
implements from the Company's storehouses, and they agreed to remain at least
six years in New Netherland as colonists of the Company.
At a meeting of the Assembly of XIX, on the tenth of September, 1624, a pro-
gramme of the proposed action for the next meeting of the West India Company
was sent out to all of the component chambers. [3] Section 12 of this programme
provided that "when the deputies of the chamber of Zeeland shall have been duly
informed of the situation of New Netherland, they will report the same to the said
Chamber and wait for further instructions. They shall have to be furnished also with
instructions how to vote in regard to the equipment of the ships [going] to New
Netherland, and in regard to the extension of the colony already estabhshed there,
as well as concerning the religious and political constitution of the said colony."
On September 23, 1624, Monday forenoon, after approving the above-men-
tioned programme, the Assembly agreed that "the Chamber of Amsterdam shall
be allowed to send at its own risk a ship to New Netherland, in which shall be trans-
ported a few Dutch famihes, among whom shall be a capable political director and a
God-fearing and learned minister and whatever else may be deemed necessary.
Report of the equipment, the cargo and the instructions of the officials shall be made
to the respective members of the next following meeting of the Lords Nineteen."
The Van Rappard Manuscripts contain a copy of "instructions given to Willem
van Hulst, Commis during the voyage to New Netherland, and provisionally director
of the colonists in that country [Document C]"; and, although these instructions are
not dated, it seems altogether likely that they refer to the "Nieu Verdriet" expedi-
tion.
In April, 1625, a third expedition set out, with six completely equipped families
and some single persons, forty-five in all, and one hundred and three head of live
stock, besides sheep and hogs, in four ships, the "Macreel," "Paert," "Koe," and
"Schaep," and bearing a set of later instructions ("Naerdere Instructie"), dated
April 22, 1625, and addressed to "Willem van der Hulst, Commis" (by this time estab-
[^°] The Van Rappard Manuscripts, belonging to the collection of Jhr. F. A. L. Ridder Van Rappard, were sold
at auction by Frederik Muller & Cie, Amsterdam, on the l6th of June, 19 lo, and were purchased by Mr. John
Anderson, Jr., Mr. Stokes being the under-bidder. Mr. Anderson had the documents carefully translated by Mr.
J. A. J. de Villiers, Chief of the Map Room of the British Museum, and bound by Riviere. The MSS. and transla-
tions are now in the possession of Mr. Henry E. Huntington of New York. They have never been printed, or even
critically examined, and the only information which we possess concerning their contents is the brief description
given in MuUer's catalogue of the sale, and some fragmentary notes made at the sale by Mr. Robert E. Stiles, of
Henry Stevens, Son & Stiles, who went from London to Amsterdam to represent Mr. Stokes. During the past year,
a document, apparently identical in form with Document A, was found by Dr. Wieder in the Rijksarchief at The
Hague.
The manuscripts are probably contemporary official copies of the original documents, and intended for the files
of one of the chambers of the West India Company; and it is probable that each of the other chambers received
similar copies, although no trace of these has been found, except as above noted. For a fuller discussion of these
very important MSS., and their contents, see Bibliography, under "Sources," Chronology, 1624-6, and Catalogue
de Manuscrits provenanl des Collections des Chevaliers van Rappard, de M. le Pasteur H. A. J. Liitge d'Amsterdam,
e. a. Amsterdam, Frederik Muller & Cie, 16 et 17 juin 1910, No. 1795.
[3 ] MS. Minutes of the Assembly of the Lords Nineteen (of the West India Company). Recently noted
by Dr. Wieder in the Rijksarchief, The Hague.
SECOND PERIOD OF DUTCH SURVEYING 107
lished in New Netherland), and "die vanden Rade, residerende inde rivieren, eylanden
ende vaste lant van Nieuw Nederlandt": — the members of the Council, residing in
the rivers, islands and mainland of NewNetherland (Van RappardMSS., Document D).
This expedition, which was accompanied by Crijn Fredericksz,[3^] as engineer and
surveyor, was also described by Wassenaer, under date of April, 1625 (Jameson, p.
79). These colonists are generally supposed to have remained on Manhattan Is-
land only a short time, and then to have moved up the river to Fort Orange. In
this second set of instructions, mention is made of "bouwlieden" — constructors.
Under date of November, 1626, Wassenaer (Jameson, pp. 82-5) records the
arrival, sometime prior to the middle of September, 1625, of a fly-boat, which sailed
two months after the last-mentioned expedition,
. . . carrying sheep, hogs, wagons, ploughs and all other implements of husbandry.
These cattle were, on their arrival, first landed on Nut Island, three miles up the river,
where they remained a day or two. There being no means of pasturing them there,
they were shipped in sloops and boats to the Manhates, right opposite the said island.
Being put out to pasture here, they throve well, but afterwards full twenty in all died.
The opinion is, that they had eaten something bad from an uncultivated soil. But
they went in the middle of September [1625] to meadow grass, as good and as long as
could be desired [whether on Manhattan Island or further up the Hudson does not
seem certain]. The colony is now established on the Manhates, where a fort has been
staked out by Master Kryn Frederycks, an engineer. It is planned to be of large dimen-
sions. The ship ["Wapen van Amsterdam"] which has returned home this month
[November] brings samples of all sorts of produce growing there, the cargo being 7246
beaver skins, 675 otter skins, 48 mink, 36 wild cat, and various other sorts; many pieces
of oak timber and hickory. The counting-house there is kept in a stone building,
thatched with reed; the other houses are of the bark of trees. Each has his own house.
The Director and Koopman live together; there are thirty ordinary houses on the east
side of the river, which runs nearly north and south. The Honorable Pieter Minuit is
Director there at present; Jan Lempou schout; Sebastiaen Jansz. Crol and Jan Huych,
comforters of the sick, who, whilst awaiting a clergyman, read to the commonalty there,
on Sundays, texts of Scripture and the commentaries. Francois Molemaecker is busy
building a horse-mill, over which shall be constructed a spacious room sufficient to
accommodate a large congregation, and then a tower is to be erected where the bells
brought from Porto Rico will be hung. The council there administers justice in criminal
matters as far as imposing fines, but not as far as corporal punishment. Should it
happen that any one deserves that, he must be sent to Holland with his sentence.
Cornells May of Hoorn was the first Director there, in the year 1624; Willem van
Hulst was the second, in the year 1625. He returns now. Everyone there who fills
no public office is busy about his own affairs. Men work there as in Holland; one
trades, upwards, southwards and northwards; another builds houses, the third farms.
Each farmer has his farmstead on the land purchased by the Company, which also
owns the cows; but the milk remains to the profit of the farmer; he sells it to those of
the people who receive their wages for work every week. The houses of the Hollanders
now stand outside the fort, but when that is completed, they will all repair within, so
as to garrison it and be secure from sudden attack. Those of the South River will
abandon their fort, and come hither. At Fort Orange, the most northerly point at
(3a] The name Crijn Fredericksz is typical of many Dutch proper names in the variety of spellings found in
the sources; Fredericxsz, Frederickxsz, Frederixsz are all used instead of Fredericksz, and Kryn and Cryn as well
as Crijn.
ro8 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
which the Hollanders traded, no more than fifteen or sixteen men will remain; the
remainder will come down [to the Manhates]. Right opposite is the fort of the May-
kans, which they built against their enemies, the Maquaes [Mohawks], a powerful
people. . . . When the fort, staked out at the Manhates, will be completed, it
is to be named Amsterdam. . . . [Pieter Barentz] brought back this year a valuable
cargo in the ship the Arms of Amsterdam, whereof Adriaen Joris [Thienpont] is skip-
per, who went out there on the 19th of December of the year 1625 with the ship the
Sea-mew and conveyed Pieter Minuit aforesaid, who now sends for his wife thither.
The Sea-mew arrived there 4th May, 1626.
On this same date, April 22, 1625, detailed instructions were issued by the Amster-
dam Chamber to Crijn Fredericksz, "Ingenieur ende lantmeter" (engineer and
surveyor), for the construction of a fortress and of a town in New Netherland ("als
by den Raet een bequaeme plaetse uytghevonden is, om volghende onze instructie
met alle het bestiael neder te slaen": — as soon as the Council has found out a con-
venient place where, according to our i7istructions, we could settle with all the cattle. These
instructions, which were originally accompanied by a plan, to which they refer, are
known as Document E of the Van Rappard MSS. The instructions further provided
that the fort was to be called "Amsterdam."
The above information, given by Wassenaer under date of November, 1626, was
probably derived from De Rasieres's report of September 23, 1626 (Van Rappard
MSS., Document F), or from De Rasieres himself, who returned home on Novem-
ber 4, 1626, on the "Wapen van Amsterdam." A comparison of a provision con-
tained in the instructions, bearing date March 30, 1624, for a "settlement on the
river of the Prince Maurits, or in such places as may he allotted them by the commander
and his council,^' with a passage in the instructions issued on April 22, 1625, to Crijn
Fredericksz, providing for the construction of "a fortress and town in New Nether-
land as soon as the Council has found out a convenient place where, according to our
instructions, we could settle with all the cattle," certainly suggests that the "Nieu
Verdriet" colony had not settled on Manhattan Island, and that, up to the time of
the sailing of Crijn Fredericksz, in April, 1625, the Council had not "found out a
convenient place" for the new settlement.
Wassenaer's statements, taken in connection with the Van Rappard Documents,
C, D, and E, indicate clearly that Willem van der Hulst and the Council, in accord-
ance with the instructions issued to them by the West India Company on April 22,
1625, selected Manhattan Island as the site of this new settlement. Whether this
selection was made shortly after the arrival of Crijn Fredericksz and his party, early
in the summer of 1625, or whether they first sailed up the river and then returned,
cannot be positively stated, although from such new information as has lately become
available from the Van Rappard Manuscripts, as well as from the recently discovered
Minutes of the Assembly of XIX, referred to above, there is established for the
first time a fair basis for the argument that they remained on Manhattan Island,
and that the settlement of Amsterdam in New Netherland dates from the summer
of 1625, and not from the arrival of Minuit a year later. This interesting and elusive
question could probably be finally settled, were De Rasieres's report of September
23, 1626 (Van Rappard MSS., Document F) available.
SECOND PERIOD OF DUTCH SURVEYING 109
It is even possible that some settlers belonging to the expedition of the preceding
year (1624) remained on Manhattan Island, although we have no evidence of this,
except the obviously unreliable deposition of Catelina Trico, made when she was
eighty years of age, sixty-three years after the supposed event.
The first actual settlement, as such, of which we have a positive record, was that
made by Minuit, who, according to Wassenaer, arrived at Manhattan on May 4, 1626.
A report of this settlement, written by Isaac de Ragiere (Rasieres), is preserved in a
contemporary copy which, together with four other documents of almost equal im-
portance, has already been referred to. This report, addressed to the directors of the
West India Company, and dated from the fortress of Amsterdam of the Island of
Manhattan, September 23, 1626, describes the state of the colony at the time of De
Rasieres's arrival, and enumerates the many obstacles which were being encountered
in the execution of Crijn Fredericksz's instructions for the building of the town, and
also the difficulties which were being met in the establishment of the government.
The report draws particular attention to the fact that very slow progress was being
made with the building of the Fort.
The fact that De Rasieres arrived in the "Arms of Amsterdam," on July 27,
1626, less than twelve weeks after Minuit, further strengthens the argument that
the Fort was begun before Minuit's arrival, a possibility which is also suggested
by Wassenaer's statement (made in October, 1628) that "the ramparts [of an
earlier fort.?] crumbled away like sand." Very unfortunately, it has been possible
only to glance at these very important Van Rappard Manuscripts which, since their
purchase by Mr. Huntington, have been in storage, and therefore inaccessible.
It will be noticed that Wassenaer, under date of November, 1626, in describing
conditions existing on Manhattan Island, refers to Cornelis May, of Hoorn, as the
first Director there, in the year 1624, and Willem van Hulst as the second, in 1625,
a statement which is also suggestive of a settlement prior to that established by
Minuit; although it is, of course, possible to interpret these references as being
to the central local government of New Netherland, which was estabhshed at Fort
Orange in 1624.
Although a number of other references, found in writings of the period, suggest
the possibility of the beginning of a settlement a year or two, or even longer, before [ ^ '']
Minuit's purchase of the island, up to the discovery of the Van Rappard Manuscripts
the weight of evidence was clearly on the other side. Until these documents can be
thoroughly studied, or other information such as they are supposed to contain be-
comes available, it would evidently be unwise to assert positive conclusions upon this
much-vexed question of the date of the first settlement of Manhattan Island.
Practically conclusive proof that no colony or settlement had been established on
Manhattan Island, or elsewhere on the Hudson, prior to 1622, is afforded by a letter
which Sir Dudley Carleton, EngUsh Ambassador to The Netherlands, wrote on Febru-
ary 5, 1621 (1622) to the Lords of the Council, in reply to an inquiry regarding a
reported attempt of the Hollanders, in 162 1, to plant a colony upon some parts of
"North Virginia," which Carleton refers to {N. Y. Col. Docs., Ill: 7-8) as follows:
Having received yor Lips ires of the 15th of December touching the Hollanders en-
tering a year since and planting a colonie upon some parts of the North of Virginia
[3b] See p. 120, note [43].
no THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
. . . I tooke the liberty . . . to enforme my selfe of the . . . business . . . &
could not fynd eyther by such merchants wth whome I have aquaintance at Amsterdam,
or by the Prince of Orange & some of the States of whome I made enquirie, any more
in the matter, but that about fower or five years since two particular companies of
Amsterdam merchants, began a trade into those parts betwixt 40 and 45 degrees, to
wch after their manner they gave their own names of New Netherlands a south & a north
sea, a Texel, a Vlieland, & the like; whither they have ever since continued to send
shipps of 30 and 40 lasts at the most to fetch furres, w^h is all their trade; for the pro-
viding of w<^h they have certaine factors there continually resident trading wth savages,
and at this present time there is a ship at Amsterdam bound for those parts; but /
cannot learne of ante Colonie eyther already planted there hy these people, or so much as
intended; & I have this further reason to believe there is none, because wthin these few
months divers inhabitants of this country to a considerable number of familyes have bene
suters unto me, to procure them a place of habitation amongst his Mafes subjects in
those parts; w^h by his Mat'^s order was made known to the Directors of the plantacon,
and yf these countrey men were in any such way themselves, there is small apparence
they would desire to mingle wth strangers & be subject to their government.
The results of the first emigration to the Hudson River v^ere not what the Com-
pany had expected; most of the settlers returned to Europe as soon as their stipulated
terms had expired; and, for this reason, the settlement was not yet established on a
satisfactory, permanent basis, and its progress lacked continuity.
In the hope of overcoming this difficulty, and of increasing colonisation on a more
stable basis, the Directors of the West India Company, in 1629, introduced the
system of "Patroons," patroonships being granted to a number of prominent persons
who, having agreed to certain "conditions," were permitted to exercise feudal rights
over their possessions, subject always to the general control of the Company, which
also specifically reserved for itself the whole of Manhattan Island. This experiment
in decentralisation was a natural outcome of the unsuccessful earlier efforts of the
Company at concentration.
Although this system of patroonships had many faults, and although it introduced,
on the virgin soil of what is now the United States, the feudal system of mediaeval
Europe, ["*] still it cannot be denied that it proved a potent factor in forwarding the
development not only of the immediate surroundings of Manhattan Island but
also of other parts of the coast from Delaware Bay to the Thames River ("Sicca-
names Rivier"), as well as of the colony of Rensselaerswijck, in the interior of the
country.
The first Patroons were Kiliaen van Rensselaer, Samuel Godijn, Samuel Blom-
maert, Albert Coenraedts Burgh, and Michael Pauw. [5] Though their interest
were at first (1629), to a certain extent, merged, and, therefore, complicated, in 163 1
each received a patent for a separate tract of land in New Netherland, and from
this time they began to work more independently, although along the same lines.
During these early experimental years (1626-32), the Director-General, Peter
Minuit, was the organising power in New Netherland. After his arrival from Hol-
[4] B. Fernow, in Winsor, Nar. and Crit. Hist., Vol. I, p. 105; Vol. IV, p. 398.
[5] fan Rensselaer Bowier MSS., pp. 164, 165.
SECOND PERIOD OF DUTCH SURVEYING m
land in the "Sea-Mew," on May 4, 1626, [5a] and his purchase, shortly thereafter,
of the entire island of Manhattan from the Indians, for the paltry sum of 60
guilders, [51^] his constant endeavour was to establish a profitable trade with the
different Indian tribes, and even with the English who were at New Plymouth;
and, as O'Callaghan states, during his directorate "every creek, bay and river"
was explored (by the Dutch) "with their sloops and other craft. "[^]
THE MINUIT MAPS
These explorations must have resulted in the making of maps and charts, and
there is good reason to believe that Minuit himself was concerned in the preparation
of some of these. Indeed, I have come across four references to his connection
with maps or surveys, or with observations of the country:
I. In three separate places in the letters of Van Rensselaer, relating to the shores of the
Hudson.
a. June 27, 1632: "Director Minuijt has given me a map of the additional land
lately purchased, situated between heeren Island and Smax Island." [7]
b. June 27, 1632: "de laets kil thus named by me [Van Rensselaer], which creek runs
far inland and in which rock crystal is found, according to Director Minuit, to
which we must pay more attention in the future." [s]
c. June 3, 1642: "It would be surprising if from bylaers dal on, being four leagues
upward, there should not be room for 20 farms as Director minuyet and wolfert
gerritzen advised me at the time . . . "[?]
II. In connection with the well-known note on the Buchelius Chart (see below).
III. In Beauchamp Plantagenet's pamphlet, published in 1648, wherein it is said of Minuit:
"But the next pretended Dutch Governour in Maps and printed Cards, calling this
part New Netherland, failing in paying of customes, at his return to Plymouth in
England, was there with his Bever goods and person, attached to his damage of
i50ol."['°] This befell Minuit on his return voyage, in 1632.
IV. We are told that, as Swedish Governor on the Delaware, he made sketches of the
land, and a map of the river giving the location of the colony, as well as a sketch
of Fort Christiaen and the two houses. [■■]
Such original charts as Minuit may have made are probably no longer in existence,
but there are three manuscript maps of the seventeenth century which we have
good reason to suppose were based upon sketches or surveys made by him, or under
his direction. These are a map of New Netherland (C. PI. 39), a map of the North
River (C. PI. 40), and a sketch-map of the coast from Delaware Bay to Manhattan
[ 5a] From the fragmentary notes, in Mr. Stokes's possession, of the contents of De Rasieres's letter of September
23, 1626 (Van Rappard MSS., Document F), there is reason to beHeve that Minuit had already been in New Nether-
land, probably at Fort Orange, in the employ of the West India Company; in which case, he probably had returned
to Holland, and was there promoted and sent out to New Amsterdam as Director; or he may have been recalled for
this specific purpose.
( sb] Schaghen Letter, in the Rijksarchief, The Hague. See Chronology.
[ ^ ] O'Callaghan, History of New Netherland, Vol. I, p. 105.
[ 7 ] Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., p. 197.
[ 8 ] Ibid., p. 198. [9] Ibid., p. 617.
['° ] Plantagenet, A Description 0} the Province of New Albion. London, 1648, p. 17.
[" ] Amandus Johnson, The Swedish Settlements on the Delaware, 1638-44. New York, 191 1, Vol. \, pp. 102,
118; II, p. 560.
112 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Island, the former two until now unknown, or at least undescribed, the last known
as the Buchelius Chart (C. PI. 38). The first two are of large foHo size, and are
believed to be close copies, made about 1670, from originals which are now lost.['*]
The third was drawn by BucheHus, who died in 1641.
The most remarkable feature of these three maps is that they all indicate, in the
vicinity of Manhattan Island, the names of the first five Patroons, given above.
The map of New Netherland depicts also Virginia and New England, copied after
English maps. In New England, some features are clearly borrowed from the Figu-
rative Map of Adriaen Block. All those portions which, in accordance with the
author's claim, belonged to New Netherland, are here indicated by a strongly defined
coloured outline or border. This outline includes the North and South Rivers, the
coast, from a point somewhat to the north of Chesapeake Bay, and extending as far
as the Bay of Nassau, the inland course of the Susquehanna, and the southern bank
of the "Great River of New Netherland" (i. e., the St. Lawrence, but here placed too
far to the south). The presence of this coloured outline on this map suggests the
possibility that it was made by, or for, Minuit, when he was detained in Plymouth
(England), in 1632; and was intended to show what part of the American country
the Dutch claimed.
This map is, in many respects, an improvement on the Figurative Maps: for the
North and South Rivers new surveys were used, both still in existence, to which the
author of the map himself added some particulars. The "new" river (the Susque-
hanna) on the Figurative Map of Cornells Hendricks, which was there placed too
near the Hudson, is here located more to the west, and coincides pretty well with
its real position, although the author dared not connect it with Chesapeake Bay.
Its course is better interpreted than on De Laet's map. The names of two Indian
villages upon its banks, not found on the Figurative Map, have been added (Onojut-
tahaga and Nuntaga).
For the representation of the neighbourhood of Manhattan Island, we must
study this map in connection with the map of the North River. The resemblance
between these two is so close that they must be ascribed to the same period, although
each gives information quite independent of that supplied by the other.
The great importance of this map of the North River lies in the fact that it gives
the oldest representation which we know, on a large scale, of Manhattan Island and
its surroundings, and contains the original names assigned by the Dutch, many of
which were changed later on, and are not found on any other document.
The Island is here called "Manatans Houck" (on the map of New Netherland
"den Manhatans hoeck"). This form, found nowhere else, is remarkable, as it
represents the transition between Manhattan, indicating the Indian tribe, and the
same name used for the island.
This appellation, which may be freely translated "the corner [or bend] of the river
where the Manhattans live,"['^] inscribed as it is upon these two maps, may be
assumed to record a name in common use in the vicinity among the first settlers.
[■2] From the same period dates a manuscript map of the South River (preserved in the Library of Congress,
Harrisse bequest), also, evidently, copied by the same draughtsman, at about the same time, from an original of this
early period, as it contains no mention of the Swedes who came to the Delaware in 1637.
[■3] For the use of "hoeck," cf. Visscher hoeck, Jan Brouwershoeck, and Kinderhouck, on the same map.
SECOND PERIOD OF DUTCH SURVEYING 113
Fort Amsterdam is designated on the North River Map, and is distinctly shown
•with four bastions. The shape of the island is still primitive, and foUov^^s the triangular
form, common in the earliest maps, but it already shows signs of accommodating
itself to its surroundings.
Along the shores of New York Bay, we find, as has already been noted, the names
of the first Patroons: "Godyn's Punt" (for Sandy Hook, which is here separated from
the mainland), ['"^l "Blommaert's Punt" (for the south-western extremity of Long
Island), and "Coenraedes baye" (Albert Coenraedts Burgh), given as an alternative
name for "Sandt bay. "['^] The Narrows are named "Hamels Hoofden," after
Hendrick Hamel, a Patroon, and at this time one of the Directors of the West India
Company. ['^] This name, recorded as early as 1626, ['7] has been found on no other
map.
The map of New Netherland adds to these names that of "Rensselaershoeck,"
for the mainland just south of Sandy Hook; and we know from the Fan Rensselaer
Bozvier Manuscripts (pp. 164-5) that Van Rensselaer had an interest in Godijns Patent,
which included this point. This, so far as is known, is the first occurrence of this
name (Rensselaer) on a map, anywhere in the neighbourhood ['^] of Manhattan
Island; and this fact, combined with the absence of any indication of Rensselaers-
wijck near Fort Orange, helps us to fix the date of these maps at about 1630, when
the patroonship was founded. The clear portrayal, on the banks of the North River,
of Fort Orange, Castle Island, and the two Mohawk villages, and the continuous
soundings show that the author of the "Noort Rivier" map had a personal know-
ledge of the region, and could not, therefore, have omitted Rensselaer's Colony, if it
already existed. Furthermore, in 1630, Rensselaersburg and Laetsburg were in
existence, [*9] and these are not found on the map. The name of "Hoogcamer
Eylandt," given on the map of New Netherland as a second name for Nooten Eylandt,
recalls J. Pz. Hoogcamer, a Director of the West India Company before 1636. [^°]
This map of the North River is especially interesting because of its continuous
notation of soundings. Professor Max Eckert, of Aix-la-Chapelle, who is making
a special study of river-maps which indicate the varying depths, writes me that he
knows of no map giving a continuous set of soundings earlier than that of the Dutch
river Merwede, by Cruquius, dating from the commencement of the eighteenth
century. Hence, this map of the North River may be the first map of this kind, and
the Hudson the first river to which this method was appHed.
The third map is rightly called the "Buchelius Chart" (C. PI. 38), as it was
drawn personally by the well-known historian, antiquary, and genealogist, Arnoldus
Buchelius, who was born at Utrecht in 1565, and died there in 1641. The map is found
('4] The end of the point has often been temporarily separated from the mainland, a condition which has existed
several times during the last thirty years.
[■S] The map has "Landt" Bay, apparently a mistake of the copyist.
['fi] O'Callaghan, History of New Netherland, Vol. I, p. 159; Joannes de Laet, Historie ofte Jaerlijck Verhael van
de Vernchtingen der Geoctr. IFest-Indische Compagnie . Leyden, 1644, Introduction, where it is stated that
Hamel had been Director from 1621 to 1636. He was Patroon in 1630. In 1634, he is mentioned together with
Pauw and Blommaert. De Vries, 147; Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., p. 270; A^. Y. Col. Docs., Vol. I, p. 88.
[■7] Letter of Isaack de Rasieres. See Jameson, Nar. N. Neth., p. 102.
[■8] It is found also in a log-book, dated 1637 (Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., p. 382).
1'9] Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., p. 57.
[20] O'Callaghan, Vol. I, p. 411 (after De Laet).
114 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
in a volume written entirely in his own hand, in the last years of his life, and con-
taining loose annotations relating to the Dutch colonial enterprises with which
Buchelius had become acquainted during his lifetime. It makes special mention of
facts in which Utrecht families were concerned, such as Pauw, Van Voorst, and
Wijckersloot, with whom Buchelius was affiliated. This volume is preserved in the
Rijksarchief, at The Hague. [^'] On the map is an inscription, in the hand of
Buchelius, reading, "I have seen in a certain book written by the hand of one who
had had the command ['commando'] in New Netherland or [New] Holland the
bay of the country where our people have established some colonies."
It is a very rough sketch of the coast from Delaware Bay to Manhattan Island,
and makes no pretence to geographical accuracy. Having carefully examined and
described the greater part of the large collection of manuscripts left by Buchelius, [^^]
I am familiar with his method of working. During the whole of his life he spent much
time travelling about Holland, pencil in hand, noting down from tombstones, painted
glass, genealogies, etc., etc., such details of the archaeology of his country and the
genealogy of its prominent families as seemed to him worthy of preservation. He had
no talent as a draughtsman, as may be readily seen from the many drawings inter-
spersed among his manuscript notes, all of which are crude; and his handwriting,
which in his early years was very neat, became more and more scrawly as he grew
older. His map of New Netherland was apparently drawn from memory, from an
original, which, in all probability, was as well drawn and accurate as the other maps
which we have connected with Minuit.
That the "former governor, " referred to in the inscription on the map, was Minuit
has already been conjectured by Innes,[^3] who, however, probably had not noticed
the reference to Minuit's maps in the tract of Beauchamp Plantagenet, and who
certainly was not aware that Buchelius, in the same manuscript which contains the
map, reproduced the family arms of Peter Minuit. The presence of this coat of arms,
taken by Buchelius from a manuscript by Loeffrid van Oosterwyck, at Wesel, shows
that he took enough interest in Minuit to note in his collections the coat of arms of the
man, when he came across it accidentally. [^3^]
The map gives the name of Manhattan Island, abridged as "Manhath." The
shape of the island is the triangular form, common to the maps belonging to the
earliest period. That its form is crudely drawn is quite evident; but this, as has been
pointed out, is no doubt due to its having been sketched from memory by a poor
draughtsman; and there seems to me nothing to warrant the acceptance of Innes's
theory that the island and its environment are here copied in reversed form from the
Hartgers View, which he supposes was made by the aid of a camera obscura.
Staten Island seems to have been put in twice. It need hardly be added that the
five islands in the Outer Bay are introduced here without justification, and must be due
to a defective recollection of the original, although it is possible that this figuration
[2' ] Marked "Koloniale Aanwinsten" 212 B.
[22 ] See f. i. the Catalogue: Manuscrits provenant des Collections M. P. Smissaert c. a. Amsterdam, Frederik
Muller & Cie., 3 avr. 1906, Nos. 285-305. [23] Jameson, Nar. N. Neth., p. xiii.
[-3a] In "seecker Wapenboeck van Sr. Loeffrid van Oosterwyck te Wesel wonende stont dit wapen met het
byschrift: Peter Minuit van Wesel directeur in nieu-neerlant opt Eyiant van Manhates a° 1637. opten helm een
vleermiiys."
SECOND PERIOD OF DUTCH SURVEYING 115
represents a confused memory of the coast of New Jersey, with its many inlets and
sand-bars.
The other names given on the map — "Godenis Bay" (Latin form; BucheHus was
an accompHshed scholar), "Conratz bay," and "Pauwe bay" — explain themselves.
The Delaware is here called "Wilhelmus rivier," a name which is found also on a
manuscript map of Delaware Bay belonging to the same period, which can be
pretty definitely ascribed to David Pietersz. de Vries.[^+] The modern Passaic
River, during the early period called "River Achter Kol," is named here "de cleine
rivier" (the small river).
THE MANATUS MAPS
The earliest known survey of the Island of Manhattan, and the only document
recording the "layout" of the little settlement of New Amsterdam that has come
down to us from the early period of Dutch occupation, is the Manatus Map, of 1639,
preserved through two contemporary manuscript copies, one in the Villa Castello,
near Florence, and the other in the Library of Congress, a bequest of the late Henry
Harrisse. These most interesting and important documents, which constitute the
basis and starting-point of our local topographical knowledge, are reproduced and
described in detail in Appendix, II.
THE JANSSONIUS-VISSCHER MAP AND ITS SURVEYORS
Through the unlucky circumstance of the loss of the West India Company records,
we have at our disposal comparatively few documents which throw light upon the
history of Manhattan Island prior to the records of the burgomasters and schepens,
which begin in 1653. Most of these documents are included in the collections made by
O'Callaghan, in 1856-8, and known as New York Colonial Documents (Dutch, English,
and French). We have also the Laws and Ordinances of New Netherland, of which
the earliest which has survived dates from 1638, and the NewYork Colonial Manuscripts
and the Land Papers, the Calendar of which was prepared by O'Callaghan in 1864.
In the Dutch Colonial Documents, we find the names of the early official surveyors
recorded, and even some maps cited, but the latter cannot be positively identified with
maps known to us, and it is, of course, difficult to determine the authorship of such
maps as have been preserved.
From the very inception of the settlement, down to the year 1632, the "ingenieur
ende lantmeter," Crijn Fredericksz, appears in the records, and he evidently con-
tinued to practice his profession in these parts until about this year. On April 22d,
1625, special instructions were given to him for the building of a fort and houses in
New Netherland [^5] anj^ in November, 1626, the fort is said to have been staked
out by him on Manhattan Island. [^'^] In 1632, Kiliaen van Rensselaer, in a letter
to Dirck Cornelisz Duyster, dated July 20th, mentions having received "the [map
of the] other [land] which Mr. crijn measured" (evidently a reference to Crijn
Fredericksz). [^7]
[^•1] Reproduced in the new edition of De Vries's Journals, published by the Linschoten-Vereeniging. That it
should have been so named after Willem Usselincx, as Innes suggests, seems more than doubtful.
[25] Catalogue Van Rappard, cited above, 1795E. [26] Wassenaer, Vol. Ill, part. 12, p. 37b.
['7] Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., p. 217.
ii6 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
This well-known Patroon had in his service at this time two other surveyors,
Albert Dieterinck, who ("or some one else") was ordered by Van Rensselaer, on July
20, 1632, to "pace off the farm lands from Moenemins Castle to the falls, and from
the falls to the pine wood lying above the islands; also the lands near the mill creek,
and the farm lands opposite Fort Orange, as well as those which lie between beijren
Island and Smax Island, that I may know how many paces long and how many wide
each portion is"; and PhiHps Jansen van Haerlem, who, Van Rensselaer says, in the
same letter, is to make a map of these lands (Fan Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts,
pp. 216-17).
Such a map still exists, [^9] and is preserved in the New York State Library at
Albany, which received it, together with the other American Van Rensselaer papers,
in 1910, from William Bayard van Rensselaer, [^^a] Apparently, Van Haerlem made
two maps of Rensselaerswijck, as a marginal note, in the handwriting of KiHaen van
Rensselaer, forming part of a memorandum to Wouter van Twiller, also dated July
20, 1632, refers to a map already drawn by him.
This same Flips Jansz Van Haerlem is mentioned by De Vries as having, in
June, 1635, piloted his vessel from Sandy Hook to New Amsterdam; such a route
being indicated on the Manatus Map, of 1639.(3°] He had formerly been in the
service of De Vries in the East Indies. [3']
Still another map of the same region was made by Gillis van Schendel, who, "for
one map on parchment and four ditto on paper, of the islands and other tillable lands
situated in my colony," was paid "six rixdollars," as Van Rensselaer records. [3^]
De Vries himself was familiar with the art of mapping, as appears from several
entries in his journals, [33] and I feel inclined to ascribe to him two maps found in one
of the copies of his printed journals, now preserved in the collection of Prince Roland
Bonaparte, in Paris. [3''-] One of these maps gives a fairly accurate delineation of
Delaware Bay; the other represents the American coast-line from Virginia to New
England, and includes some indications in the vicinity of Delaware Bay and near
Cape Cod which give evidence of independent surveys. De Vries says, in his jour-
nals, that he planned to survey the New Netherland coast, having met with a skip-
per who did not know of the existence of Delaware Bay; and we know that, in 1633,
he made an attempt to send out a yacht to survey the Bay of New England, and
New France. [35]
In the State Archives at The Hague, there are two manuscript sketch-maps,[353]
both executed in the same style, and apparently by the same hand, one of which
represents the vicinity of Cape Cod, and the other Delaware Bay, with an indication
[29 ] l^an Rensselaer Bowier MSS., p. 206; reproduction in pocket at the end of the work.
[29^] In addition to the papers still owned by the Van Rensselaer Bowier family in Holland, and published by
the N. Y. State Education Dept., in 1908, there are some further documents of American interest belonging to the
same family, and now preserved in the Archives of Amsterdam.
[30 ] Appendix, II. [3i] De Vries, p. 217; see also Jameson, Nar. N. Neth.,
[32 ] Van Rensselier Bowier MSS., p. 33. pp. 193-4.
[33 ] See my article on De Vries, in Tijdschrift van hei Koninklijk Nederl. Aardr. Genootschap, Second Series,
Amsterdam, 19 12, Vol. 29, pp. 285-7.
[34 ] Reproduced on two supplementary plates of the new edition of De Vries's Journals, by the Linschoten-
Verecniging, 1912; issued after the publication of the work. [35] See my article, cited above, p. 286.
[353] Inventaris der I'erzameling Kaarten berustende in het Ryks Archie/ [by P. A. Leupej. 's Gravenhage, 1867.
I, nos. 517, 518.
SECOND PERIOD OF DUTCH SURVEYING 117
of the colony founded by De Vries, and named "Swanendael." One of these sketches
is numbered on the back "14," and I hazard the guess that it and its mate at one
time belonged to a set which owed its origin to the initiative of De Vries, and
was undertaken as a step in the foundation of a better knowledge of these coasts,
and was intended to supplement and improve the delineation given by Block.
Unfortunately, there is no sketch of the neighbourhood of Manhattan Island, although
such a drawing may originally have been included in the set.
Augustin Herrman, the well-known Bohemian settler, lived on Manhattan Island
from 1633 to 1661, when he removed to Maryland, where, in 1670, he made for Lord
Baltimore a fine map of Maryland, and, in recognition of his services, received the
princely estate of Bohemia Manor. Herrman has often been suggested as the author
of the view reproduced on the Visscher and Van der Donck Maps,[3^] and referred to
in a letter addressed by Peter Stuyvesant to the West India Company, dated October
6, 1660 (see Chronology). It seems, however, more likely that, if published at all,
the view referred to by Stuyvesant is that made famous by Montanus.
Andries Hudde, a Dutchman, Commissary at Fort Nassau in 1645-7, 2nd one of
the Council at Fort Casimir and New Amstel in 1655, made a map of the Delaware
River, in 1654, "from the Bay up to the Falls as good as was possible in a hurry,"
and was paid for it 20 florins by the Swedish Governor, Rising, on October 25, 1660. [37]
This same Hudde was appointed Surveyor-General on June 19, 1642, and again on
December 17, 1654 {Cal. of Hist. MSS., Dutch, pp. 81 and 144). His name appears as
grantee in the earliest surviving deed of record to land on Manhattan Island (see
Chronology, 1638). We know that Hudde was in New Netherland as early as January
I, 1632, on which date he signs an inventory of stock on farm No. 3 (Bylevelt's, on
Manhattan Island), which inventory is given in the Fan Rensselaer Bowier Manu-
scripts, pp. 192, 193.
Jacques Cortelyou came to New Amsterdam from Utrecht, in 1652, with Van
Werckhoven, to whose children he is said to have been tutor. The first reference
that has been found to him in New Amsterdam is on July 21, 1654, when he was
offered by Stuyvesant the office of schout, which he refused. On January 23, 1657,
he was appointed Surveyor-General, and, on April 19th, of the same year, was evi-
dently at work on the second general survey of the city {Rec. N. Am., VII: 156-
160), the first having been made in the previous year, probably by Captain Fred-
rick de Koningh. On August 30, 1658, he was again instructed to prepare a map of
lots within the City of New Amsterdam. He received similar orders on June 7,
1660, and in 1661 (see Chronology and Appendix, III). In 1663, he is reported as
having surveyed Schenectady, near Fort Orange — See Chronology, 1660; also Appen-
dix, III, Castello Plan. [38]
Jean Mousnier de la Montagne, in 1623, while still a young man and a student of
medicine at the University of Leyden, accompanied Jesse de Forest on his expedition
to Guiana, and was probably the scribe of the so-called "De Forest Journal," preserved
in the British Museum (Sloane MSS. 179B), and recently printed and fully described
[36] Jameson, Nar. N. Neih. Preface, VIII, and p. 289.
[37] Johnson, The Swedish Settlements on the Delaware, 1638-64. Vol. II, p. 517.
[38] See also: O'Callaghan, II, pp. 187, 268, 440.
Ii8 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
by Mrs. Robert W. de Forest of New York.[3^^] This Journal is illustrated by a num-
ber of carefully drawn maps, which there is good reason for ascribing to De la Mon-
tague, who married Jesse de Forest's daughter, in Holland, in 1626, and, after spending
a number of years on the island of Tobago, came to New Netherland, in 1637, and
became a man of much influence. A comparison of the Manatus Maps with these
maps by De la Montague, although failing to establish the same authorship, discloses
many points of suggestive similarity.
The results of the cartographical surveys and records made by the above-mentioned
surveyors, as well as by many other pioneers whose original records have perished,
have, fortunately, been preserved to us in a compilation known as the Janssonius-
Visscher Map, of which the first edition (the Prototype Map) appeared probably
not much later than 1650, perhaps earlier. — See Lost Maps, 1649 and 1652, and
Pis. 7-a and b, and 7-A (descriptions) (Addenda).
This map gives the best and most complete representation that we have of New
Netherland during the Dutch Period; it may correctly be described as a scientific
map, in the making of which advantage was taken of all the material available, from
the first exploration of New Netherland up to the time when it was drawn.
The main outlines of this map were undoubtedly derived from Minuit's "Pascaert
van Nieuw Nederlandt," etc. (C. PI. 39; see also Map Descriptions), as may, perhaps,
best be seen by comparing the same curious shape given in each to the shoals oflF Cape
Cod and extending along the entire New England coast. The details were filled in by
the author from the numerous sources of information already referred to, those regard-
ing Virginia and New England being taken mostly from English sources. As the outline
or "frame" of the Minuit Pascaert is clearly based on Block's map (C. PI. 23), we can
state with confidence that the general outHnes of the country, as they appear on the
Janssonius-Visscher Map, are still the same as they were recorded by its first Dutch
explorers. Many additions and improvements have, however, been made; for
instance, the Susquehanna, which is inscribed with the names of the tribes living
along its banks, is here correctly shown as emptying into Chesapeake Bay, whereas
on the Hendricks Map (C. PI. 24), it will be remembered, it ends in Delaware Bay,
although the author evidently was not content with that delineation. Furthermore,
the Minuit Map shows the river's course fairly correctly, but leaves the connection
with Chesapeake Bay problematic. Similar improvements are found in every part
of the map. It is particularly interesting to observe that the Island of Manhattan
has acquired here its narrow, oval shape, which replaces the triangular form found
on the oldest maps. New Amsterdam is indicated as a fortified town.
Despite the many points of progress embodied in this important map, we must
not forget that the author was a compiler, and was not always over-critical in the way
in which he put together his material; so that the map must still be called primitive,
from a strictly scientific cartographical standpoint. This will readily be conceded if we
examine the erroneous courses of the great rivers Hudson, Delaware, and Connecticut,
the generally exaggerated forms of the bays and inlets, and the misplacement of Lake
Champlain and the St. Lawrence River, both of which are drawn too near the coast.
[38a] As an Appendix, in Vol. II of /! Walloon Family in America, Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Boston and New
Yoric, 1914.
SECOND PERIOD OF DUTCH SURVEYING 119
Notwithstanding these inaccuracies, the map has great historical value, especially
on account of the large number of names which it contains; and we may state, with
assurance, that nearly all of the places which had received names during this early
period are here included. The study of the origin of these names would cover the
entire history of the Colony up to about 1650.
We must here content ourselves with pointing out the most conspicuous features
of the New Netherland portion of the map. Some portions, which are especially rich
in names, such as the "Colonie van de Heer Nederhorst," on the western bank of the
Hudson, opposite Manhattan Island, the "Colonye Renselaerswijck," and the Dutch
and Swedish settlements along the Delaware, are probably based on special or local
maps. Along the Mohawk, we find several Indian villages indicated, whose names
bear a close resemblance to those mentioned in the "Journey into the Mohawk and
Oneida Country in i634."[^^] The journal of this expedition mentions also a map
drawn from information received from the Indians, and it is possible that the author
of the Janssonius-Visscher Map had access to this document.
Another point of great interest to be noted is the fact that the Janssonius-Visscher
'Map indicates accurately the settlements of the English in the territory of New
Netherland. Although no boundaries are shown, the English had already advanced
to within a short distance of Manhattan Island. ['^°] On the Minuit Map, it will be
observed, not even the slightest indication exists of the EngUsh in New Netherland
territory. On the Janssonius-Visscher Map such settlements are indicated as Gilfort,
Milfort,Nieuhaven (New Haven), Stratford, and Stamford, on the north shore of Long
Island Sound; Hamton, Greenwijck, Gravesant, and Mispat, on Long Island; Herfort,
on the "Versche Rivier" (the Connecticut), and, far in the interior, on the site of the
present Springfield, "Mr. pinsers handelhuys" (Mr. Pynchon's trading-post). Among
the most conspicuous historical names found on the Janssonius-Visscher Map is that
of "Nieuw HoUant," given to Cape Cod Peninsula. This name is taken from the text
of De Laet, who asserts that it was originally bestowed by Hudson. ['^'J
If we compare the Visscher Map with maps of the same period representing much
better known countries of Europe, it will be observed that the New Netherland map
is very nearly as accurate; and it is clear that it embodied the best cartographical
representation of the Colony that could be produced by the means then at the disposal
of cartographers. This is the more praiseworthy when we consider that the map was,
in all probability, drawn in Europe, and that between the two countries at that time
communication was but very imperfectly developed.
As to its general appearance, the Janssonius-Visscher Map is a fine example of the
best work of the period, and very carefully engraved in the best Dutch style. The
surface is plentifully adorned with diminutive drawings of Indian villages, animals,
etc., all of which seem to have been copied from the New Netherland map in Blaeu's
Atlas of 163s (C. PI. 32).
On the edition without the view of New Amsterdam, by Janssonius (PI. 7-a of the
[39] Jameson, Nar. N. Neth., p. 139 et seq.
[40] A copy of the N. J. Visscher Map in the possession of Mr. Stokes has the frontier between the Dutch and
the English drawn by hand, in colours. See PI. 7-A (description) of the Iconography.
[4'] De Laet, in Murphy, Henry Hudson in Holland, pp. 133, 146; and in Jameson, Nar. N. Neth., p. 37.
I20 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Iconography), only a few of these accessories appear, and they are all direct copies
from Blaeu, whereas, on the earliest issue of the Visscher Map with the view, they
have been reversed in drawing. ["^^1
For a further, and more detailed, description of the Visscher series of maps, see
Plate Descriptions Nos. 7-a and b, and 7-A of the Iconography.
No maps published during the Dutch period give a better or more detailed repre-
sentation of New Netherland and the vicinity of Manhattan Island than those belong-
ing to this interesting and important family, although we also find our country
represented, with more or less detail, on maps of America, and on maps of the world,
by Blaeu, Janssonius, and others. For further information regarding the most
important of these maps, we refer to the Map Descriptions, which are printed at
the end of the Cartography.
[42] For a description of the view of New Amsterdam introduced by N. J. Visscher in the lower right-corner
of the map; see Vol. I., Frontispiece, and PI. 8-a.
[43] (See p. 109, note 3b.) The statement that "The Citty of New Yorke was first founded by the people of
the Nether Dutch Nation in the Year of Our Lord 1619" occurs twice in documents recorded in 1698 in M. C. C,
Vol. II: pp. 36, 43, in the form of historical summaries of the early supremacy and decline of the commerce of the
city, entitled respectively "The Case of New Yorke" and "Reasons Humbly Offered in Defence of ye Rights &
Priviledges of His Majesties Citty of New Yorke in America."
In this same connection, it is also worthy of note that in the manuscript index of the volume at The Hague
containing the Prototype View (Vol. I., Frontispiece), the following entry occurs: "No. 14 Amsteldam (Nieuw) in
Noord America, tegenwoordig Nieuw Nederland genaamt, gelegen, op 't Zuiderdeel van 't Eyland Manhattans; is
Ao 1623 door de Nederlanders gesticht aan de Mond van de Rivier de groote genaamt: behoord nu aan de Engelse
en draagt de naam van Nieuw lork." (No. 14. Amsterdam (New) in North America, now-a-days called New
Netherland, lying on the southern part of Manhattan Island; founded in the year 1623 by the Dutch at the Mouth
of the River called the great; belongs now to the English and bears the name of New York.)
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CHAPTER VII
THE CARTOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND AND
ITS VICINITY, FROM SPANISH, PORTUGUESE
FRENCH, GERMAN, AND INDIAN SOURCES
CHAPTER VII
THE CARTOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND AND ITS
VICINITY, FROM SPANISH, PORTUGUESE, FRENCH
GERMAN, AND INDIAN SOURCES[']
ETYMOLOGY
THE information contained in this chapter, so far as it relates to Spanish
discoveries, must, for the greater part, be negative, not only on account of
the lack of relevant documents, but also because of the nature of the sub-
ject. It has long been a mooted question v^hether the Spanish explored the ter-
ritory of New Netherland before the Dutch. Winsor, as is well known, even went
so far as to claim a Spanish origin for certain names on the Figurative Maps of
Adriaen Block and Cornelis Hendricks. [^]
We know now, however, that most, if not all, of these names can be derived from
other and more natural sources. No one, for instance, in our day, would be so bold
as to assert a Spanish origin for the name Manhattan, deriving it from monas — drunken-
ness, or monados — drunken people. The suggested etymology of Gachos, from the
Spanish gacho — black cattle, is equally unconvincing.
The first mention of the name Manhattan is in Juet's Log, where it is written
Manna-hata, and its first appearance on a map is on the Velasco Map of 1610, where
it appears in two forms, Manahata and Manahatin, neither, however, being applied
directly to the island, but to the mainland lying, respectively, to the west and east
of the Hudson River. In both of these documents, the name was probably bestowed
by Hudson himself, and, no doubt, represents an attempt to perpetuate the name
of an Indian tribe, or the name by which the locality was called by the Indians
themselves. Perhaps the most Hkely derivation is that suggested by Tooker,[3] who
would translate Manhattan {Manahatin) "The island of the hills," from Manah,
island, and atin, hill. That this derivation is in accord with the primitive topography
of the island, is attested by all the early Dutch views of New Amsterdam, as well
as by the written records.
['] This chapter deals only with explorations contemporary with, or immediately preceding, the Dutch and
EngHsh. Possible earlier visits are discussed in Chapter I.
[2] Winsor, Nar. and Cril. Hist, of Am., Vol. IV, p. 434.
[3] The Origin of the Name Manhattan, by William Wallace Tooker, in The Algonquian Series, 1901, presents
the most comprehensive study of the subject that has been made. The author states (p. 22) that he knows of "no
name of aboriginal bestowal that has had more conjectural significations and derivations assigned to it than this
same simple name, Manhattan." He quotes (p. 41) from J. Hammond Trumbull's Composition of Indian Geogra-
phical Names, 1870 (p. 22), which states that "New York Island was sometimes spoken of as 'the island ' — Manate,
122 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Two other names, found on the Figurative Maps, which seem at first sight to
have a Spanish origin, Capitanasses and Canomakers, on further examination can
probably better be explained as examples of "popular etymology," and made up
from a combination of Indian and Dutch words. For example, Canao or Canow is
a word which was found in use among the West Indian aborigines by Columbus,
and signified a small boat or bark.[*] E. B. 0'Callaghan[5] gives Canohwa as the
Iroquois name for canoe, and the Rev. James Bruyas, S. J., Missionary on the
Mohawk (i667-i70o),[^] gives, for the same word, the form Gahoneja. It seems
reasonable to suppose that one of these native roots may have been combined with
the Dutch word maker, so as to produce Canomakers — the canoe-makers' place, or
the place where the canoe-makers live. In the same way, the first Dutch explorers
probably gave to the Indian name Sackiema (Sachem — one who has command over
several hundred) a Dutch appearance, by changing it into Sackemaker (Bag-
maker). [^1 In like manner, also, the name Danskamer (dance-chamber), on the Hud-
son, could, doubtless, be explained as a popular corruption of some Indian word.
In the vicinity of the place where Canomakers is found on the Figurative Map of
Cornelis Hendricks, there was an important Mohawk village, called "Canojaharie,"
Manhatte; sometimes as 'an island' — Manhaates, Manattes, and the Manados, of the Dutch. The island Indians
collectively were called Manhattens; those of the small island Manhatesen." Tooker agrees that the element or root
indicating "an island" is embodied in the name Manhattan, but adds that "something remains undiscovered or
unaccounted for in the termination of the word." He sums up his conclusions (pp. 67-74) ^s follows: "The undeni-
able fact now presents itself that Manahatin is not only the most ancient form of the name so far discovered, but also
a compound term, representing the true elementary constituents as uttered by the Indians. . . . Heckewelder,
Trumbull and others, — all recognized the first element Manah, as the equivalent for 'island'," which Tooker illus-
trates by citing other Aigonquian names of islands, having the same or a similar stem affixed. "It is also confirmed,
by its primary and subsequent application to the island, likewise by all the early forms, especially those from English
sources, such as Manahatin, Munahaddons, Munhattoes, etc., and it should be accepted fully as the unquestioned
meaning of the first two syllables."
"There still remains for our more critical consideration," Tooker continues, "the termination in -atin, -atan,
-ato or -ado, with or without the superfluous Dutch or English plural in /, which we find so often added, when appear-
ing in compound words, for it is never used alone; the inseparable generic denoting a hill or a mountain is -atin, -adin,
or -attan, and, as more or less varied or abbreviated, is in frequent use in all Aigonquian dialects." Examples are
cited showing the use of this generic, and its identity with the terminal of the name Manhattan. "The interchange
of the t and d in the foregoing examples," he states, "should be noticed, because it fully explains the occurrence of
d in some of the early notations such as Manados, Manadoes, etc. These consonantal substitutions have been noticed
in the Algonquin speech of the present day, and they undoubtedly occurred as well in all the older dialects of the
same family."
Tooker thus arrives at his complete definition of Manhattan — "the island of hills," or, when applied in the
plural to the natives of the island, as is frequently done, "the people of the island of the hills."
Since the publication of Tooker's book, two important contributions have been made to the subject — Edward
M. Ruttenber's "Hudson's River and its Islands" in Indian Geographical Names, published in the Proceedings,
N. Y. State Hist. Ass'n (1906), and the Handbook of American Indians, edited by Frederick W. Hodge, and published
by the Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology (Bulletin 30), Washington, 1907. Ruttenber, after
considering the various forms in which the name appears in old charts and other records, states that the most ana-
lytical interpretation of the name Mannhatin, and the most generally accepted, is the one put forward by the late
Dr. J. H. Trumbull, who would derive it from the Delaware word Menatey, "Island," Mannahata, "The Island,"
in which, when applied to our neighbourhood, Trumbull sees a reference to the mainland, or to Long Island, as the
large island. Menatan (Hudson's Mannah-atin [-an or -in], the indefinite or diminutive form), "The small island,"
or the smaller of the two principal islands, the Manhates of Adriaen Block (The Figurative Map of 1614). Manah-
tans, "the people of the island," Manahatanesen, "people of the small island," etc.
Hodge restates Tooker's definitions and derivations, and adds a resume, alphabetically arranged, of the early
variants of the word as found in charts and other records. [■»] Murray, Oxford Dictionary, 1893.
[s] Under " Iroquois," in his General Index to Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York,
p. 283.
(6] Radical IVords of the Mohawk Language with their Derivatives (published as No. X of Shea's Library of Ameri-
can Linguistics), 54.
[7] Letter of Domine Michaelius, written from Manhattan Island Aug. 8, 1628 (Jameson, Nar., N.Neth., 127).
MANHATTAN CARTOGRAPHY FROM VARIOUS SOURCES 123
or "Canajoharie," which was situated nearly opposite the later Fort Plain, Mont-
gomery County, New York; the community bearing this name occupying both banks
of the Mohawk River.[^] J. A. Cuoq [^] gives two meanings for joharie: il y a un
chemin and c'est emmanche, the first of which, in combination with Cano or Cana,
might perhaps be rendered a canoe way or passage, or a carry.
In 173 s, mention is made of a tree near Canajoharie, on which was painted a canoe
filled with Indian warriors. ['°] If we suppose that the Dutch, on their first arrival
in this neighbourhood, found such a tree, we can the more easily understand how
they may have corrupted the original form of the Indian name into Canomakers.
In the same vicinity, other names are found, apparently formed from the same, or
a very similar root, though seemingly with a different meaning, as, for example, Cano-
warode, which was called the old castle,["] and was mentioned as early as 1634 by
the author of the "Narrative of a Journey into the Mohawk and Oneida Country"!'^] ;
Canohogo, Canagero, mentioned in the same journal, and also on the Janssonius-Vis-
scher Map, of c. 1650 (Prototype); Canagora, Canajorha, and Canowaraghere.[^'^]
This root, Cano-, Cana-, Ganno- or Kanno-, seems to have been very common among
the Indians. In some of its derivatives, it evidently meant a cabin or house, or a vil-
lage (several houses). For instance, Bruyas, p. 82, gives Gannonsa for cabin or house
and, p. 68, Gannota for village; and Cuoq, in his Lexique de la langue iroquoise,
gives Kanonsa for house. This meaning of the Indian root Cano, in combination
with the Dutch word maker, would produce house- or cabin-maker, or the place
where the cabin-makers, or cabin-builders live.
Two other names, sometimes cited as proofs of the sojourn of the Spanish before
the Dutch in the interior of New Netherland, are Semesseere, for a Dutch grant in
Albany County, a word claimed to be derived from the Spanish semencera — land
sown with seed — and Negogance, apparently from the Spanish negocio, meaning
place of trade. If, however, we eliminate the Spanish derivation of the other names,
these two words, ['+] taken by themselves, are not sufficient evidence on which to base
a convincing argument, and their derivation could probably be otherwise explained
by further study.
The Spanish name Rio de Montanes, applied by early Dutch sailors to the Hudson
River, ['S] does not, in itself, prove anything. Rio de Montanes is not an unusual
name on Spanish maps of the sixteenth century, and, as Alonso de Chaves, on his
padron general, in 1536, located this river in 44° 30' N.L.,[ ] the Dutch must have
been in error in assigning this name to the Hudson River.
From an examination of many cases, of which the foregoing examples are typical,
the natural and logical conclusion seems to be that the early Dutch explorers, whose
ears and tongues were, naturally, unaccustomed to the native sounds, often mis-
understood, or misinterpreted, the Indian names, and sometimes combined them with
[ '] Hodge, Vol. I, p. 199. [ 9] Lexique de la langue iroquoise.
[■o] J. Simms, The Three Castles of the Mohawk Indians, in The Historical Magazine, 2d. series, Vol. II. Mor-
risania, 1867, p. i; et seq.
["] W. M. Beauchamp, Aboriginal Place Names of New York, 1906, p. 121.
[■2] Jameson, Nar. N. Neth., p. 142. ['3] Beauchamp, pp. 120-1.
[■4] The latter word has also served to demonstrate the presence of French explorers near Albany. In this
connection, Negogance is derived from the French negoce, trade (Winsor, Vol. IV, p. 420, note 4).
[■5] See, for example, De Laet. ('*] See Addendum Note, following Chapter I.
124 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
words belonging to their own language, or with words in common use, borrowed from
other European tongues.
SPANISH SOURCES AND INFLUENCES
In the second half of the seventeenth century, there seems still to have been a
persistent tradition among the Indians that the Spaniards had been on the Hudson
before the Dutch. This tradition is recorded twice by the two Labadist emissaries,
Jasper Danckaerts and Peter Sluyter, in the account of their journey to New Nether-
land, in 1679 and 1680. Once they were told that, near the site of Fort Orange,
ruins of a fort indicated a settlement of the Spanish before the arrival of the Dutch.
The two travellers, however, gave no credence to this explanation of the ruins,['7]
which were undoubtedly the remains of Fort Nassau, built in 1614 by the Dutch. ['^]
They also heard from the Indians of Long Island a tradition that the Spanish and Por-
tuguese had been there before the Dutch. ['^J It is significant that this tradition is re-
corded for the first time as late as 1680, seventy years after the first arrival of the Dutch.
For a long time, the so-called "Pompey Stone," found in Oneida County in 1820,
was considered strong evidence of a very early visit of the Spanish to the territory
of New York State. [^°] In 191 1, however, this stone was finally proved to be a
practical joke,[^'] and can no longer be quoted in support of the tradition given by
Danckaerts and Sluyter.[^^]
Having shown that the geographical names and the traditions that the Span-
iards were on the Hudson before the Dutch cannot prove their presence there, we
come to a consideration of the recorded facts.
The first is an adventure of Popham and Gilbert, in 1607. When they were
near "Monhegin-island," in the vicinity of Pemaquid, off the coast of Maine, "there
came a Spanishe shallop to them from the shoare, in her eight salvadg men and
a little salvadg boy . . . ; the saganio of that place they told them Messamot,
seated upon a river not farr off, which they called Emanuell,"[^3] which name, if it
really existed, would clearly indicate a previous Spanish visit.
The second fact worthy of attention is the voyage of the Spanish captain Fran-
cisco Fernandez de Ecija, of the garrison at St. Augustine, who was sent out by Pedro
de Ybarra, Governor of Florida, on June 19, 1609, to explore the East Coast as far
north as 44° 30'. Ecija sailed from St. Augustine on June 26, 1609. His log, still in
existence — in the Archivo general de Indias at Seville^gives a detailed account of
the voyage, from which it is clear that he did not go any farther north than Chesa-
peake Bay.[^+] His most northerly point was 37° 30'.
[17] Winsor, Vol. IV, p. 429.
i'8] A. J. Weise, in Discoveries of America to 1525, London, 1884, p. 362, ascribes this Fort Nassau to the French.
['9] Winsor, Vol. IV, p. 420.
[=0] Woodbury Lowery, The Spanish Settlements in the U. S., iSlJ-rS^r. New York, 1911, p. 169.
[21] W. M. Beauchamp, The Pompey Stone, in The American Antiquarian, Vol. 33, No. 11 (April-June, 19:1).
[2 2] For further claims of the Spanish to early settlements or explorations in Onondaga County, see: W. M.
Beauchamp, The Iroquois Trail. Fayetteville, N. Y., 1892.
[2.1) Str^chey, flistorie of the Travaile into Virginia Britannia, p. 165.
[24) The original manuscript was consulted for the present work. See also Brown, The First Republic in Amer-
ica, pp. 87-91, 109; W. R. Shepherd, Guide to the Materials for the History of the United States, in Spanish Archives.
Washington, 1907, p. 83; Buckingham Smith MSS. in New York Historical Society, Vol. lettered "North Amtrica
MSS., 1607-1786," fols. 51-68.
MANHATTAN CARTOGRAPHY FROM VARIOUS SOURCES 125
From the above facts, it will be seen that, whereas it is possible that some Spanish
ship visited the Hudson before the Dutch, the evidence of such a visit is very meagre,
and by no means conclusive; and, furthermore, no map is known on which such a
Spanish visit is laid down.
The only map of this period which comes to us from Spain owes its origin to a
Dutch map, dating from about 1646, and probably made by a certain I. Alberts, who
procured a collection of Dutch manuscript charts of the East and West Indies for the
celebrated Casa de Contratacion in Seville, where a certain Sebastian de Ruesta revised
them, and added details taken from other sources, mostly Spanish and Italian. On one
of these charts, representing the eastern coast of North America, the Gulf of Mexico,
and Cuba, Manhattan Island is represented. (C. PI. 46.) This map is very roughly
drawn, and is taken mostly from the two charts of Blaeu, or perhaps from some
derivative of these. Some Dutch names have been added, such as "R. Mauricio,"
"Holltgat," "Gebroke," "Gesellen," "Adriaen Blockx," "Hendrick," "Texel,"
"Cabeljauws," etc.; and some old Spanish names are found along the better-defined
coast-line; for instance, "C. de Arenas" and "B. de San Cristobal" (for Delaware
Bay). The Delaware springs from a lake, as on Blaeu's first Paskaart. Sandpunt
and Sandbay are given here as "S. Punta" and "B. Santa," a curious confusion of
Sand and Saint.
The direction and indentation of the coast-line, the distorted representation of the
Cape Cod peninsula, and the breaking up of Long Island into several islands, suggest
the influence of the larger map ("Carta particolare") of the Arcano del Mare of
Robert Dudley. [25]
PORTUGUESE SOURCES AND INFLUENCES
The only known Portuguese map of this period showing Manhattan Island is a
manuscript map of North America, contained in a beautiful sea-atlas, drawn on vellum
by Antonio Sanchez, in Lisbon, in i64i.[2^] This map shows the influence of Blaeu's
Paskaart in the names "Maurits Rivier," "Fort Nasa," and "Sand Hoeck." Man-
hattan Island, Staten Island,, and Long Island are well defined, though without
names.
This map is interesting as showing that the Dutch cartography of the environs
of New York had spread by this time as far as Portugal. In 1626, the presence of
two Portuguese in New Netherland is recorded. [2^^]
FRENCH SOURCES AND INFLUENCES
Claims to priority of discovery are not confined to the Dutch and the Spaniards,
but have also been raised by the French. Here it is Weise [^7] who goes the farthest,
claiming that the entire Hudson River was discovered by the French, and that the
name Manhattan was a French derivative, meaning "les manants," which, according
to Weise, was a term applied by the French to the natives of New France, the name
[25 ] See C. PI. 37 and Map Descriptions.
[2* ] Preserved in the Royal Library at The Hague. See C. PI. 46 and Map Descriptions.
[2«"i Brodhead, Hisl. State of N. Y., Vol. I, p. 169. [27] Weise, pp. 346-7, 361 ff.
126 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
being commonly used in the Middle Ages as a designation for unintelligent people,
and also for aborigines.
We need not trouble ourselves with the pursuit of this theory, in all its details.
It will suffice to show that it is based upon a wrong premise. Weise's chief argu-
ment in support of his theory is an inscription on the Figurative Map of Adriaen
Block:
"Na so vele men heeft connen verstaen uyt tseggen ende beduyden van de
Maquaas, so comen de Francoysen met sloupen tot boven aen haer land, met haer
luy handelen." (As far as could be ascertained from the words and sign language
of the Maquaas, the French come with sloops to the extremity of their country, in
order to trade with them.) "Tot boven aen haer land" is here translated "to the
extremity of their country." The Dutch word "boven," in topography, has a special
significance, being always used to denote a distance in a direction beyond some place
indicated. The word used here by the Dutch, at Fort Nassau on the Hudson, on the
southern boundary of the Maquaas country, was intended to indicate the other
extremity of this country, inland, as the Dutch came from the sea. Weise interpreted
it to mean that the French came as high up the Hudson from the sea, although the
inscription clearly indicates that they came from the interior, and from the northern
part of the country of the Mohawks, i. e., the St. Lawrence and Canada.
It is altogether likely that the French were not meant at all, but only the so-called
French Indians, namely, Indians coming from the territory explored by the French,
where they had come into contact with them.
In one of his letters, Kiliaen van Rensselaer says: "The Maquaas will not allow
the French savages who now trade on the river of Canada and who live nearer to us
than to them [the French] to pass through to come to us."[^^] The "French" referred
to on the Figurative Map of Adriaen Block were, then, evidently savages, who came
down the river from the French country of Canada in "sloupen" or canoes.
De Laet {Nieuwe Wereldt, Leyden, 1625, p. 106), speaking of Fort Nassau,
says: "Onse schippers ghetuyghen dat hier tot aen het fortjen Wilden komen van
de voornoemde rieviere[^9] ende van Quebecq ende Tadoussac." (Our skippers aver
that Savages come here from the aforesaid river as far as the little fort and from
Quebecq and Tadoussac.)
In the Journey into the Mohawk and Oneida Country, reference is made to a
single party of six French men who came trading near Oneidatown.[3°]
I may mention, in this connection, the words used by B. Fernow [3'] to demonstrate
the French influence on Indian names near Albany: "The hill below Albany, N. Y.,
on which the [Dutch] fort was built in 161 8, is called by the Indians Tawalsontha,
Tawassgunshee, Tawajonshe, *a heap of dead men's bones.' Tas de Jonchets would
be the French for the same expression. Another place near Albany was called
Semegonce, the place to sow; still another Negogance, the place to trade; while semer
and negoce (negocio) are the corresponding French words." This theory seems too
far-fetched to require serious consideration.
[»8] Nov. 25, 1633 {Tan Rensselaer Bowier MSS, 1908, p. 248).
[29) "de groote rieviere van St. Laurens ofte Canada" (the great river of St. Lawrence or Canada).
[5°] Jameson, Nar. N. Neth., pp. 148-9. [3'] Winsor, Vol. IV, p. 420.
MANHATTAN CARTOGRAPHY FROM VARIOUS SOURCES 127
We have already considered the probability of a visit to New York Bay by
Jehan Cossin, a pilot of Dieppe, before 1570. [3^]
Although there are no references to French explorers on the Hudson River before
the Dutch, the possibility that some French ship visited our coast and furnished
information directly to French cartographers cannot be denied. We know, for
instance, that, in 1614 and 1619, shortly after Hudson's discovery, two French ships
were in the neighbourhood of Cape Cod;[33] and the Dutch colonists arriving on
the "Nieu Nederlandt," in 1624, found, in the mouth of the Hudson, a French ship,
which they convoyed out of the river by the aid of an armed yacht. [3^^]
On the large engraved map included in the 1632 edition of Champlain,[33''] there is
a representation of Long Island, in embryo form, and of the vicinity of Manhattan,
which is not derived from any known earlier Dutch or English map. It is a primitive
picture, but evidently based on real information, though not on the personal observa-
tion of Champlain, who, as appears from his various journalsjf^'t] never went farther
south than Port Fortune, somewhat to the west of Cape Malabar.
Lower New York Bay is fairly well expressed on this map. It contains, however,
five small islands, curiously suggestive of those on the Buchelius Chart, of approxi-
mately the same date. The course of the Hudson is very arbitrarily sketched, but the
Mohawk is clearly indicated. The map contains some names which call for explana-
tion: for example, Hudson River is called "Riviere des Trettes"; Long Island, "Isle
de I'Ascension"; and inland, east of the Hudson, is found the curious designation
"Habitation de sauvages maniganaticouoit."
Manhattan Island does not appear, neither is there any indication of the presence
of the Dutch; but, near the extremity of the eastern bank of the Hudson, opposite
Long Island, is the very clear representation of a church. This representation, which
differs from any other on the map, may perhaps be intended to indicate a Christian
settlement; the publication of the map antedates by at least a year the erection of
the first distinct church edifice on Manhattan Island. [^5]
In addition to Champlain's map of 1632 (1629), there are two manuscript maps,
by Jean Guerard, one of the well-known map-makers of Dieppe, which show Man-
hattan Island and the Dutch settlement (C. Pis. 43 and 45). These maps are dated
163 1 and 1634, respectively. We need not here enlarge upon the importance of
Dieppe as a seaport and as an early centre of cartography. The period under con-
sideration, however, marks the commencement of its decline in this particular field.
Map-making began in Dieppe at a period when printed charts were still uncom-
mon, and were, therefore, not favourably looked upon by mariners. The Dieppese
maps were all in manuscript. When, in the second half of the sixteenth century,
printed charts came more and more into use, and the old sailors' faith in manuscript
charts began to wane, the Dieppese manuscript charts became less and less important
for general navigation. This result was also influenced and hastened by the gradual
decline of navigation from Dieppe. We have already seen that Dieppese pilots offered
[3» ] See p. 33 et seq. [33] Winsor, Vol. IV, p. no.
[3 3»] Wassenaer, Apr. 1624; in Jameson, Nar. N. Neth., p. 75.
[33''] This map, as a note explains, shows Champlain's discoveries down to 1629. (C. PI. 44.)
(34 ] Champlain, Ed. of 1632, Vol. I, pp. 49-93.
[3 5 ] For description of Champlain's map, see Map Descriptions.
128 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
their services to the Dutch West India Company;[3^] and, in 1613, on the French ship
captured by Argall off the coast of Maine, on which ship Father Biard was a passenger,
mention is made of a young man from Dieppe called Le Moine.[37]
We may thus expect to find on the Dieppese maps of this period, in addition to
some original information, both Dutch and English influence, an expectation which
is, in fact, confirmed by the maps. That of 163 1, for instance, by Jean Guerard,
a large chart of the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, in the deHneation of the coast, follows
roughly the Paskaerten of Blaeu; the form of the coast, however, showing some
variations, which may be ascribed to inaccurate copying, rather than to new
information. The Island of Manhattan is shown in its well-known, primitive, trian-
gular shape. The Hudson is called "R. Maurice." The Lower Bay is well delineated,
and Sandy Hook prominently drawn. The names "Sandkoeck" (for Sandhoeck)
and "Fort de Nassau" indicate the influence of Blaeu's first Paskaart. The Fort is
very curiously placed, opposite Manhattan Island, on the eastern bank of the Hudson.
Other names along the coast are given in corrupted Dutch form: "C. de man" (Cape
May); "enerhaven" (Eijerhaven) ; "vars" and "cherivier," divided into two names,
for "Varsche rivier" (Fresh River); "Slosbay" (sloupbay), etc. The country itself
is called "Nouvelle Hollande."
On a manuscript map of the world by the same Jean Guerard, dated 1625, and
on a manuscript map by Jean Dupont, of Dieppe, ascribed to about the same year,
there does not yet appear any indication of the vicinity of Manhattan, although the
Champlain cartography of Canada is shown, and also the New England coast and
Chesapeake Bay. [3^]
The Guerard map, of 1634, is a small map of the world, on which the author took
pains to indicate the "habitation des hollandois" at the mouth of the Hudson.
Long Island is shown, but not Manhattan Island, the scale of the map being too
small. On the Hudson, Guerard notes the Indian village name "Carantouan,"[39]
taken from Champlain's map of 1632, on which the tribe of the "Carantouannais"
is placed along the Delaware River.
GERMAN SOURCES AND INFLUENCES
No German map belonging to this period, and showing Manhattan, has come
to our attention. The Globe of Matthaeus Greuter, of Strassburg, published in
Rome in 1632, delineates Cape Malabar and mentions the name "Niew Nederland,"
but does not show either Manhattan Island or the Hudson River, or even Long
Island, and there is no sign of the small islands lying between Long Island and
Cape Malabar. [39a] The representation on this globe resembles much that on the
Virginia Company Chart (C. PI. 2I-a).
[36 ] See p. 78, note [3]. [37] Brown, Genesis, p. 712.
[38 ] Both preserved in the Archives du Depot des Cartes de la Marine, in Paris.
[39 ] Probably on the site of the present Waverly, N. Y. (Hodge, I: 206).
[39a] Three copies of this globe have recently been described in booksellers' catalogues: Ludwig Rosenthal,
Munich, Cat. 130, No. 62; Joseph Baer & Co., Frankfort-on-Main, Cat. 604 (cover); and C. E. Rappaport, Rome,
8^ Annee, Cats. 36-37, No. 897. I owe my description to Mr. Ludwig Rosenthal, who kindly furnished me with
a photograph of the North-American portion of his copy of the globe.
MANHATTAN CARTOGRAPHY FROM VARIOUS SOURCES 129
INDIAN SOURCES AND INFLUENCES
We know of no maps made during our period by the native Indians, nor are any
referred to in the records; but, nevertheless, their influence upon the maps made by
European explorers is of undoubted importance. Very naturally, the explorers tried
to get information from the natives whom they met regarding the situation and
characteristics of the country, especially the inland parts. On the first real map of
our region (the Velasco Map), the information obtained from the Indians (probably
by Hudson or possibly by his successor, the unknown surveyor of 1610) is indicated
by a special colour (blue), as is explained by a note on the map itself. The Figurative
Maps of Adriaen Block and Cornelis Hendricks contain also several references to
the Indians, and the latter is, for the greater part, based upon information obtained
from them. We have already mentioned the interesting passage from the Journey
into the Mohawk and Oneida Country (1634), in which the Indians explained to
the Dutch, with stones and grains of corn, the relative situations of their villages. ['^°]
But it appears that the Indians had also a pictorial understanding of their
geography, which enabled them, for instance, to delineate the coast, and to explain
its prominent features, by means of rude drawings. When, for example. Captain
Gosnold, in 1602, was at Savage Rock, or Cape Neddock, on the coast of Maine, the
Indians made for him a drawing of the coast with a piece of chalk. [+■] They made
also for Champlain, in 1605, an accurate drawing of the outHne of Massachusetts
Bay, with a crayon furnished by him, and indicated correctly their six tribes and chiefs
by as many pebbles, which they skilfully arranged for the purpose. [4^]
This ability is further proved by the interesting record of Dermer's experience,
when he, "inside of Sandy Hook, had geographical delineations made for him on the
lid of his chest by natives, who drew the coast with a piece of chalk." ['*3]
From these and many similar records, ['**] we can form a pretty clear idea of the
degree of cartographical knowledge and facility for graphic expression which the
Indians possessed at the time of the first European explorations.
The claim, I beUeve, has never been made that they produced maps of their own,
even in primitive form; but, that they were able, in answer to questions, to produce
some sort of graphic delineation, showing the relation of land, water, and coast, cannot
be denied.
[40) Jameson, p. 149. See also p. 74, text to note [5 2]. (41] Winsor, Vol. IV, p. 172.
[4 2]/iji., Vol. IV, p. 109.
[43] B. F. de Costa, Cabo de Arenas. New York, 1885, p. 4.
[44] See, for instance, Lowery, Spanish Settlements, Vol. I, p. 436; and, more general, W. Drober, Karlographie bei
den Naturvblkern, in Deutsche geographische Blatter. Bd. XXVII (1904), pp. 29-46; Karl Weule, Zur Kartographie
der Naturvolker (Deutschostafrika), in Petermann's Mitteilungen, 1915, pp. 18 sqq., S. P. L'Honore Naber, Op ex-
peditie met de Franschen, Den Haag, 1910, p. 137. The last-named author observed in Liberia that some of the
inland tribes had in imagination a reversed or negative image of their country.
PLATES
43-46
C. PLATE 44
^f/<^'i^■'l|^'^!^"P<''>h'i^|M|.6,|.,.|.,.|.,,|,,,|..^,r,|,,^|,.,,,,,/.„/^,;,s,,^^^^^^^
II,- "■" .,fc,-».^
33S- I
CHAMPL f
C PL, 44.
C.PL.45.
r^
JEAN GUERARD OF DIEPPE 1634.
LE BOCAGE BOISAYE. 1669.
C.PL. 46.
ANT. SANCHEZ. LISBON. 1641.
_ j.'^^*,. •^;f>
SEB. DE RUESTA. OF SARAGOSSA. C. 1660.
ADDENDA
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
LOST MAPS, ETC.
EARLY EXPLORATIONS IN THE
NEIGHBOURHOOD OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
THE CELLERE CODEX
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
LOST MAPS, ETC.
1 500-1 700
\
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
C.PI.i
Page 8
I 500-1700
The following list contains all of the maps reproduced or described in the Cartography,
and includes also a few others. The arrangement is chronological, following the
date of issue. The list was originally prepared by Dr. Wieder, with the expectation
that, after it had been revised and augmented by Mr. Stokes, it would be returned
for final checking. This, unfortunately, proved impossible, owing to the delays and
difficulties occasioned by the censorship.
JUAN DE LA COSA, /500.— Chart of the
world, drawn in colours on vellum, and signed:
"Juan de la cosa la fizo en el puerto de S. mj^ en
ano de 1500."
95 by 181 centimetres.
Madrid, Museo naval.
This map cannot be said to be in good condition,
in spite of Harrisse's statement to this effect. It
may be, however, that the document has deteri-
orated since Harrisse saw it. Many names deci-
phered by Walckenaer and Humboldt, in 1832
and 1837, are now quite illegible.
The names along the North East Coast are as
follows, reading from east to west:
y berde
S. grigor
Cauo de ynglaterra
C sastonatre
agron
Cauo de Siohan
S. nicolas
isla de la trenidat
r° longo
forte
argare
meniste
S. luzia
C° de lisarte
jusquei
requilea
C° de S. luzia
ansro (or austo)
lago fori
C° de S. Jorge
Cauo descubierto
mar descubierta por
inglese
Discovery of North
412, et seq.; Phillips,
C.PI.2
Page 6
References: Harrisse,
America, London, 1892, p
Maps of America, p. 1084.
Reproduction, full size, in colours; published in
Madrid, 1892, with accompanying text, by Ant.
Vascano.
Our reproduction is taken directly from the origi-
nal. Most of the published reproductions have
been redrawn so as to bring out the illegible por-
tions of the original, especially the names.
THE CANTING CHART (/502).— Anony-
mous chart of the world, drawn in gold and col-
ours on vellum. An inscription which has been
added states that this map was given by Alberto
Cantino to the Duke Hercole.
100 by 220 centimetres.
Modena, Biblioteca Estense.
References: Harrisse, North America, p. 422,
et seq.; Phillips, Lowery Collection, p. 4.
Reproductions: Full size, published by E. L.
Stevenson, No. I, in Maps Illustrating Early Dis-
covery and Exploration in America, IJ02-ISJO,
New Brunswick, N. J., 1906; and the American
section, in colours, in H. Harrisse, Les Corte-Real.
Paris, 1883.
Our plate is reproduced from the water-colour
copy made for Harrisse from the original, and
now in Mr. Stokes's Collection.
THE CANERIO CHART, c. 1502-1504.—
Chart of the world, drawn in colours on vellum,
and signed: "OpnsNicoIaydeCanerioJanuensis."
115 by 225 centimetres.
Paris, Archives du Depot des Cartes de la Marine.
References: Harrisse, North America, p. 428,
et seq..; Phillips, Lowery Collection, p. 3.
Reproduction: Full size, published by E. L.
Stevenson, accompanying Marine World Chart of
Nicolo de Canerio Januensis 1502 {circa), New
York, 1908.
Our reproduction is taken directly from the
original.
M. waldseemCller, cosmographia,
1507. — "Universalis cosmographia secumdum
Ptholomaei traditionem et Americi Vespucii ali-
oru(m) que lustrationes." Large map of the world
engraved on wood, on 12 large folio sheets.
Without doubt the work of M. Waldseemiiller
(Hylacomylus) and published in 1507.
Unique copy in Wolfegg Castle, Austria.
Reproduction, full size, in: The oldest Map with
the name America, of the year 1507, and the Carta
C.PI.3
Page 7
C.PI.S
Page 7
132
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
C.PI.17
Page 10
C.Pl.s
Page 8
C. PI. S Marina, of the year 1516, by M. Waldseemiiller.
Page 3 Ed. by F. Fischer and Fr. R. von Wieser, Inns-
bruck, 1903.
Our reproduction is made from an unfolded proof
copy of Fischer and von Wieser's map.
C.PI.2 JOHANN RUYSCH, WORLDMAP, 1508.—
Page 8 "Universalior cogniti orbis Tabula ex recentibus
confecta observationibus." Copper engraving in-
serted in the Ptolemy published in Rome in 1508.
41 by 54.5 centimetres.
References: Harrisse, North America, p. 449,
et seq.; Phillips, Lowery Collection, p. 7.
Reproduction, full size, in Nordenskiold, Fac-
simile-atlas, PI. XXXII.
Our reproduction is made from an original im-
pression.
PESARO'S MAP, first quarter XVIth century.
M. waldseemuller, carta marina,
1516. — "Carta marina navigatoria Portugallen,
navigationes atque tocius cogniti orbis terre mar-
isque formam naturam situs et terminos . . . in-
dicat. Consumatum est in oppido S. Deodati
compositione et digestione Martini Waldseemiiller
Ilacomili. 1516." Large chart of the world, en-
graved on wood, on 12 large folio sheets.
Unique copy in Wolfegg Castle, Austria.
Reproduction: Full size, in the work of Fischer
and von Wieser.
Our reproduction is from an unfolded proof copy
of Fischer and von Wieser's map.
In various libraries.
C.PI.4 (PEDRO REINEL), ATLANTIC OCEAN, c.
Page 9 1516. — Anonymous map of the Atlantic Ocean,
showing the coasts of America, ascribed to Pedro
Reinel and to the year 1516.
57 by 116 centimetres.
Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale.
Reproduction: Reduced, of the entire map in:
Jean Denuce, Les Origines de la Carlographie
Portugaise et les Cartes des Reinel. Gand, 1908.
(p. 42, et seq.)
Our reproduction is taken directly from the
original.
C.P1.6 THE PORTUGUESE MUNICH MAP, c. 1520
Page 9 (KUNSTMANN, No. IV).— Chart of the world,
drawn in colours on vellum.
64 by 123 centimetres.
Munich, Kon. Hauptconservatorium der Armee.
References: Harrisse, North America, 508;
Phillips, Lozvery Collection, p. 16.
Reproductions. Full size, in Stevenson, No. 5;
idem chromolithograph in : F. Kunstmann, Atlas zur
Entdeckimgs-geschichte America's. Miinchen, 1859.
Our reproduction is made from the original.
THE CASTIGLIONI MAP, OR PLANI- C.Pls. 7
SPHERE OF MANTOVA, c. 7525.— Chart of the 8
world, drawn on vellum. Page 18
82 by 208 centimetres.
Mantova, Castiglioni family.
Reproduction: Reduced, of the American part,
in Raccolta di Documenti e Studi publicati dalla R.
Comtnissione Colombiana. Rome, 1892. Parte IV,
Vol. II (V. Bellio, Notizia delle piu antiche carte
geografiche che si trovano in Italia riguardantel' Amer-
ica), tav. 3.
Our reproduction is made from the Raccolta
plate.
FRANCISCUS MONACHUS, WORLD-MAP, C. PI. 6
c. 1526. — Small woodcut map in two parts, con- Page 21
taining each one hemisphere; printed in: Franciscus
Monachus, De orbis situ, Antwerp, c. 1526.
Diameter of each hemisphere 6.5 centimetres.
Various libraries.
If the date assigned to the Monachus tract is cor-
rect, this small woodcut map is the first to show
the entire east coast of North America.
Reference: Harrisse, North America, p. 548,
et seq.
Our reproduction is made from the original.
THE WEIMAR MAP, 7527.— "Carta universal C.Pl. 9
en que se contiene todo lo que del mundo se a Page 18
descubierto fasta ahora hizola un cosmographo de
Su Magestad anno M. D. XXVII en Sevilla."
Drawn in colours on vellum; ascribed to Diego
Ribero, Nuiio Garcia de Toreno, or Hernando
Colon.
86 by 216 centimetres.
Weimar, Grossherzogliche Bibliothek.
Reference: Harrisse, North America, p. 557,
et seq.
Reproduction: Full size, in Stevenson, No. 9;
the American part, with full description, in
J. G. Kohl, Die bieden dltesten General-Karten
von Amerika atisgefuhrt in den Jahren 1527 und
1529. Weimar, i860.
Our reproduction is made from the original.
MAP AFTER THORNE, 1527. C.Pl. 17
Page 23
VESCONTE DE MAGGIOLO, 7527.— Map of C.Pl. 12
the world, drawn in colours on vellum. Signed: Page 13
"Vesconte de MaioUo conposuy banc cartan in
Janua anno dfiy. 1527, die XX Decenbris."
60 by 170 centimetres.
Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana.
References: Harrisse, North America, p. 553,
et seq.; Phillips, Lowery Collection, p. 29.
Reproduction: Full size, edited by A. J. Weise
for the Hispanic Society of New York.
Our reproduction is made from the original.
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
133
C.PI.17
Page 9
C.Pl.IO
Page 18
C. PI. 10
Page 18
C.PI.13
Page 13
C. PI. 17
Pages 16
38
C.PI.17
Page 29
BORDONE'S MAP, 1328.
DIEGO RIBERO, 1529; WEIMAR-ORIGI-
NAL.— "Carta universal en que se contiene todo lo
que del mundo se hadescubierto fasta agora. Hizola
Diego Ribero cosmographo de Su Magestad. Ano
de 1529." Drawn in colours on vellum.
89 by 217 centimetres.
Weimar, Grossherzogliche Bibliothek.
References: Harrisse, North America, p. 569,
et seq.; Phillips, Lowery Collection, p. 40.
Reproduction: Full size, in Stevenson, No. 11;
the American part, vpith full description, in the
above cited vpork of J. G. Kohl.
Our reproduction is made from the original.
DIEGO RIBERO, 1529, ROMAN ORIGINAL.
— Same title as the Weimar-original; but with the
addition of the words "e SeujUa" after the date;
on a larger scale and with several variations.
Rome, Vatican.
(Lately removed from the library of the Museo
della Propaganda.)
Reference: The differences between this and
the Weimar copy are noted by Harrisse, North
America, p. 573, et seq. It is interesting to re-
mark that two names on the Weimar copy, which
have caused much difficulty to commentators,
and have given rise to controversy, are lacking
on the Rome copy. These are "C. de Arenas"
and "Arecifes." The location of both differs
from that given in Chaves's and Oviedo's descrip-
tions of the coast.
Reproduction: Reduced, in Nordenskiold,
Periplus, Pis. 48, 49.
Our reproduction is made from the original.
GIROLAMO DA VERRAZZANO (1529).—
Large map of the world, drawn in colours on vel-
lum. Signed: "Hieronemus de Verrazano facie-
bat." The date is determined from an inscription
on the map, relating to Verrazano's discovery,
which, it states, was made five years before.
130 by 260 centimetres.
Rome, Vatican.
(Removed recently from the library of the Museo
della Propaganda.)
References: Harrisse, North America, p. 575,
et seq.; Phillips, Lowery Collection, p. 35.
Reproduction: Full size, in Stevenson, No. 12.
Our reproduction is made from the original.
ROBERTUS DE BAILLY'S GLOBE, 1530-
KUNSTMANN, VI {c. 1532-40)-
THE VENICE MAP, /^j./-" La carta uniuer- C.PI. 7
sale della terra ferma & Isole delle Indie occide(n)- Page 26
tali, cio e del mondo nuouo fatta per dichiartione
delli libri delle Indie, cauata da due carte da
nauicare fatte in Sibilia da li piloti della Maiesta
Cesarea. Con gratia et priuilegio della. Illustris-
sima Signoria di Venetia. M. D. XXXIIII. Del
mesa di Dicembre." Map of America, engraved
on wood.
S3 by 42.5 centimetres.
Unique copy in New York Public Library
(Lenox Collection).
Inserted in a copy of Petrus Martyr, Historia,
Venetia, 1534.
In the text reference is made to this map, and
it is stated that it was composed from two Sevillian
maps, one of which was by Nuiio Garcia de
Toreno.
Reference: Harrisse, North America, p. 596,
et seq. (the dimensions are wrongly given by
Harrisse).
Reproduction: Reduced, in Nordenskiold, Fac-
simile-atlas, Plate LXVII.
Our reproduction is made from the original.
THE HARLEIAN MAPPEMONDE (c. 1536). C.PI. 19
Pages 17
27
THE SALVIATI MAP, after 1536. C. PI. 18
Page 27
SEB. MUNSTER'S MAP, 1540. C. PI. 17
Page 16
DESCELIERS'S MAP, from Hantzsch and C.PI. 19
Schmidt, IS4I. Page 27
C.PI. 17
Page 16
THE GLOBE OF ULPIUS, 1542.
ALONSO DE SANTA CRUZ'S MAP, 1342.
JOHNE ROTZ'S MAP, 1342.
SEB. CABOT'S MAP, 1344.
C.PI. 18
Page 26
C.PI. 18
Page 29
C.PI. 18
Page 17
ALFONSE DE SAINTONGE, 754^.— Sketch- C.PI. 15
map of "Terra de la franciscane," pen and ink and Page 30
washed drawing, at the head of page 186 of the
manuscript of his Cosmographie, written in 1544.
7 by 15.5 centimetres.
Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale.
References: J. Fontereau, dit Alfonse de
Saintonge, Cosmographie. Publiee par G. Musset,
Paris, 1904; Harrisse, Cabot, p. 205; Winsor,
Nar. and Crit. Hist., IV: 77.
Our reproduction is made from the original.
C.P1.I7
Page 29
C.PI.19
Page 27
C.PI.17
Page 16
C.PI.17
Page 15
C.PI.18
Page 29
C.PI.18
Page 27
134 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF
GASTALDI'S WORLDMAP, 1S46.
DESCELIERS'S MAP, 1S46.
GASTALDI'S CARTA MARINA, 1S4S.
BAPT. AGNESE'S MAP (KRETSCHMER,
23, 24) (f. IS50).
MAP FROM CARTAS DE INDUS {c. 1550).
THE RICARDIANA MAP (KRETSCHMER
34) {c- 1550).
C.Pl.ii LOPO HOMEM, 7554.— Large chart of the
Page 22 world, drawn in colours on vellum. Signed: "Lopo
home cosmographo caualero fidalgo delrei nosso
snor me feze lixboa Era de 1554 Annos."
130 by 210 centimetres.
Florence, Museo degli Strumenti antichi.
Heretofore undescribed, and never before re-
produced. (See Chapter I, Addendum Note.)
Our reproduction is made directly from the
original.
C.PI.14 RAMUSIO, NOVA FRANCIA, 755(5.— En-
Page 13 graved map on wood after Jac. di Gastaldi. In-
serted in the third volume of Ramusio's Naviga-
lioni et viaggi. Venetia, 1556, pages 424, 425.
26.5 by 37.5 centimetres.
Various collections.
References: Kohl, Maine, p. 226, et seq.;
Winsor, Narrative and Critical History, IV: 91;
A. Bacchiani in: Bollettino della Societd geogr. ilal.
Anno 43, Vol. 46, Roma, 1909, p. 1274, et seq.
Our reproduction is made from the original.
BASTIAM LOPEZ'S MAP, 1558.
C.PI.18
Page 28
C. PI. 17 ANONYMOUS ITALIAN MAP, from Remark-
Page IS able maps I: 13 (c 1560).
C.PI.18
Page 26
C.PI.19
Pages 27
3S
ALONSO DE SANTA CRUZ'S MAP {c. 1560).
GUILLAUME LE TESTU'S MAP, 1566.
GERARD MERCATOR'S MAP, 1569.
C.PI.19
Page 28
C.PIs.ii; JEHAN COSSIN, /570.— "Carte cosmo-
16 GRAFIQUE OU UNIVERSELLE DECRIPTION DU MONDE
Page 33 avec le vrai traict des vens. Faict en Dieppe
PAR Iehan Cossin marinnier en l'an 1570."
Map of the world, drawn in colours on vellum,
and framed.
MANHATTAN ISLAND
Reproduction : Full size, in Recueil de Portulans,
publies par Gabriel Marcel. Paris, 1886, No. 2.
Our reproductions are made from the original.
26 by 44 centimetres.
Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale.
VAZ DOURADO'S MAP, 1571.
DOMINGOS TEIXEIRA'S MAP, 1573.
JOHN DEE'S MAP, 1580.
MICHAEL LOK'S MAP, 15S2.
THOMAS HOOD'S MAP, 1592.
PETRUS PLANCIUS'S WORLDMAP, 1592.
CORN. DE JUDAEIS'S MAP, 1393.
CORN. WYTFLIET'S MAP, 1597.
THE MOLINEUX MAP, 1599.
DUTCH PLANISPHERE, in Dresden {c. 1600).
C.Pls.is
16
Page 33
C.PI.18
Page 28
C.PI.18
Page 29
C.PI.19
Page 37
C.P1.X7
Page 38
C.PI.19
Page 37
C.PI.20
Page 38
C.PI.20
Page 37
C.PI.20
Page 37
C. PL 20
Pages 37
38
C.PI.20
Page 38
GABRIELL TATTON'S MAP, London, 1602. C.PI.20
Page 38
THE VIRGINIA COMPANY CHART (1606-C.PI.21A
1608). — English manuscript chart of the Atlantic Page 49
coasts of America from Newfoundland to Brazil,
and of Europe and Africa from Ireland to the Coast
of Guinea.
Drawn in gold and colours on vellum and
mounted on a roller. 20 by 26 centimetres.
Mr. Stokes's collection. This newly discovered
chart, which contains just such information as
Hudson must have had of our coast when he
started on his third voyage, is fully described on
page 49, et seq.
Reproduced for the first time (nearly full size),
on C. PI. 21-A.
OCTAVIUS PISANUS, WORLD-MAP, c C.PI.21
1610. — "Globus terrestris planisphericus." Large Pages 38
engraved map, on a special projection invented by 49
the author. The spectator is supposed to stand 60
on the South Pole, in the sphere, his head directed
toward the centre of the earth; around him the
surface of the world is developed on a plane, and,
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
135
C. PI. 21 consequently, the largest circle is at the North
Pages38 Pole, and the entire representation is reversed.
49 Dedicated to "Albertus Archidux Austriae."
l6l by 159 centimetres.
Paris, Bibliotheque du Depot des Cartes
dela Marine (3852 A, Tome I, No. 10).
The most recent date on this map is found in a
remark "Nota an. i6io," inscribed on a body of
land situated in the Pacific Ocean, in 10° 30' S.L.
As the entire map shows an attempt on the part
of the author to be up to date, we may assume
that the map was published in this year, or very
soon thereafter. It is probable that an earlier
edition was issued, of which, however, no copy is
now known.
A slightly imperfect copy of this map is preserved
in the Brussels Bibliotheque royale.
Another world-map on the same projection, but
not reversed, was published by Pisanus after 1616
(it has the Strait of Le Maire). There is a copy in
Paris, in the Bibliotheque Nationale.
References: Article on Pisanus in the Bulletin
de geographic historique et descriptive, annee 1889,
p. 308, and, on his curious projection: Wauwerm-
ans, Histoire de I'ecole cartographique anversoise
in Bulletin de la Societe royale de geographie d'
Anvers, 1895, (XX), pp. 17-22. He calls it: "pro-
jection stereographique avec image ceoloscopique
de la sphere."
Dr. Alb. Tiberghien, map curator at the Bibli-
otheque royale of Brussels, is preparing a thorough
study on Pisanus.
Our reproduction is made from the original in
Paris, and is accompanied by a reversed impres-
sion which makes the topography more easily
readable.
C.PI.20 HARMEN lANSS' AND MARTEN lANSS'
Page 38 MAP, 1610.
C.PIs.22 THE VELASCO-MAP (/d/o).— Anonymous
(Fron- English manuscript chart of the east coast of North
tispiece) America from Cape Fear to Newfoundland, the
22-A whole of which island is included. To the north
Page SI the south coast of Labrador is delineated, as well
as the course of the St. Lawrence, which springs
from a large lake, the western shore of which is
not given.
Drawn in colours on four sheets of paper pasted
together.
81 by III centimetres.
General Archives of Simancas, Estado,
leg. 2588, fol. 22.
This map, discovered by Alexander Brown in
188-, inaugurates the era of exploration in the
vicinity of Manhattan Island, and probably em-
bodies the cartographical results of Hudson's
third voyage, in which he discovered Hudson
River.
It is the earliest document giving the names C.Pls. 22
"Manahata" and "Manahatin," and was sent by (Fron-
Don Alonso de Velasco, Spanish Ambassador in tispiece)
London, to the King of Spain, along with a letter 22-A
in cipher, dated March 22, 161 1. Page 51
In this letter Velasco calls it a copy of a plan or
map of the English province in America, presented
to King James by a surveyor sent out by the
English King in the preceding year to survey that
province, and adds that it contains all that could
be discovered by this surveyor, who had returned
three months before Velasco wrote this letter.
See fuller description of this important map
in our chapter on Hudson.
The main colours of the map are yellow and
green. For their distribution we refer to the re-
production in colours. (C. PI. 22 — Frontispiece.)
The two great lakes, a short river connecting
the Hudson with the more westerly lake, and the
inland course of the Susquehannah and of two
smaller rivers flowing into Chesapeake Bay are in
blue. An inscription on the map reads: "All the
blue is dune by the relations of the Indians."
The coast on both sides of Delaware Bay and
between the Delaware and Hudson River, both
banks of the Hudson and of the Tahanock River
in Maine, and a number of islands are coloured
a dark reddish brown.
A part of the southern bank of the St. Lawrence
and the coast from about the Isle of Claudia to
Cape Cod are coloured a light reddish brown.
The coast east of the Hudson River, between
the two shades of reddish brown, is shown in sepia.
The water-mark in the paper is a bunch of grapes
and the name P. Quemet. Both details are illus-
trated by C. M. Briquet in Les Filigranes, Paris
1907, Vol. IV, No. 13216, where the fact is estab-
lished that this paper was used from 1604 to 161 1
in Narbonne. The name of P. Quemet, apparently
the manufacturer of the paper, is not known else-
where.
The many large and small islands seem to have
been arbitrarily coloured, mostly reddish brown.
In the sea there is a set of 48 references to:
"Names of townes one the Riuers in the Ches-
sepiock Bay."
References: Alexander Brown, Genesis of the
United States. London, 1890, Vol. I, pp. 455-60.
Transcripts from the original documents, made for
Mr. Brown, and translations of which are found
in his book, are now preserved in the Division of
Manuscripts of the N. Y. Pub. Lib., the gift of
Mr. George L. Rives.
Id., The first Republic in America. Boston, 1898,
pp. 146-7-
Mrs. Schuyler van Rensselaer, History of the
City oj New York in the XVIIth Century. New
York, 1909. Vol. I, p. 19.
136
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
C. PI. 22 Edward Hagaman Hall, Henry Hudson and the
(Fron- Discovery of the Hudson River, in: Fifteenth Annual
tispiece) Report, iqio, of the American Scenic and Historic
22-A Preservation Society- Albany, 1910, p. 301.
Page 51 Reproductions: Pen and ink and coloured chalk
copy, on tracing paper, mounted on fine muslin,
in N. Y. Pub. Lib. (See Bulletin Vol. V, No. 2,
Feb. 191 1, p. 60.) The colours of this copy
are in part incorrect, and therefore misleading.
(See p. 59, n.)
Reduced, from the above described tracing,
uncoloured, in Brown's Genesis, opposite p. 456.
Our reproduction, in colours, (C. PI. 22) and
our detail on large scale (C. PI. 22-a) are the first
and only photographic reproductions of the
original.
C. PI. 23 FIGURATIVE MAP OF ADRIAEN BLOCK
Page 67 (161 4). (The ist Figurative Map.) — Anonymous
Dutch MS. map of New Netherland, extending
from the entrance to Chesapeake Bay and a part
of the Susquehanna River, on the south and west,
to the eastern bank of the Penobscot and Saguenay
Rivers, on the east and north.
Drawn in gold and colours on vellum.
63.5 by 46 centimetres.
The Hague, State Archives.
The earliest map on which Manhattan appears
as an island, and the first on which the tribe of the
"Manhates" is located upon it. Presented to the
States-General of the Dutch Republic, Oct. 11,
1614, by Gerrit Jacobz. Witsen, former burgo-
master of Amsterdam, and his twelve associates,
in order to show the discoveries made by their
three ships between 40° and 45° N.L., and for the
purpose of securing an exclusive right to trade
with this newly discovered country.
This map was found by Brodhead, June 26, 1841,
in the archives of the States-General (State Arch-
ives, The Hague), affixed to a document dating
from 1616, to which, however, it does not belong,
although, because of this confusion, the map has
often, erroneously, been stated to date from that
year, while it is really two years older.
From the facts set forth in our chapter on the
Figurative Maps, it appears very probable that the
1614 map was copied from an original made by
Adriaen Block, who himself explored the greater
part of the country represented on it.
It is a beautiful map, executed with much care,
and admirably preserved.
References: E. B. O'Callaghan, History of
Neiu Netherland. New York, 1848. Vol. I, p. 75.
J. R. Brodhead, History of the State of New York.
New York, 1853. Vol. I, p. 755. Brodhead
states here that he found this map in the State
Archives at The Hague, attached to a document
dated 18 Aug., 1616, but he observes that it clearly
belongs to the charter granted 11 Oct., 1614, where C. PI. 23
a "figurative map" is spoken of, describing the Page fr"
sea-coasts between 40° and the 45° N.L., which
corresponds with the area covered by the Block
Map.
In the document of 18 Aug., 1616, a "figura-
tive map" is spoken of, delineating the coun-
try between 38° and 40° (the next map on our
list).
In the English translation this map is said to be
"annexed" to the document, which word is am-
biguous: the original Dutch has the expression
"Hyer hyga-enAe" = accompanying this (docu-
ment). The parchment map, for some purpose
detached from the document to which it originally
belonged, must have been attached later to the
wrong document.
Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the
State of New York, procured by J. R. Brodhead,
ed. by E. B. O'Callaghan. Albany, 1856. Vol. I,
pp. 10, II.
B. F. de Costa, Cabo de Baxos. New York, 1881,
p. 12. (Cape Cod and Crane Bay on the Figu-
rative Map.)
A. J. Weise, Discoveries of America. New York
and London, 1884, pp. 361-3. This author tries to
prove from Block's map that the French and the
Spaniards preceded the Dutch on the Hudson
River. (See Cartography, Chapter VII.)
Catalogue of the Library of H. C. Murphy. New
York, 1884, No. 1 58 1 (on the absence of the
Delaware on Block's map, and the appearance of
the name of "Mannates").
J. Winsor, Narrative and Critical History of
America. New York and London, 1884-9, Vol. Ill,
p. 381. Idem, Vol. IV, p. 433 (on the New Eng-
land part of the Figurative Map). Winsor's sup-
posed Spanish influence on this map is discussed
in our Chapter VII.
Mrs. Schuyler van Rensselaer, History of the
City of New York in the XVIIth Century. New
York, 1909. Vol. I, p. 22.
Reproductions: Engraving, somewhat reduced,
and brought up to date, in Blaeu's Atlas, first edi-
tion, 163s, and in subsequent editions. (See
description, on pages 88, 149.)
Lithograph, somewhat reduced, by C. & W.
Endicott, New York, after a drawing deposited
by Brodhead in the office of the Secretary of State
at Albany. Beneath the map is a statement
describing the finding of the original, signed by
J. R. Brodhead, and dated 27 July, 1841. It has
some small errors and omits some minor details,
mostly technical. Inserted as an illustration in
O'Callaghan's History of New Netherland, 1848.
Lithograph, full size, by Sarony & Co., New
York, from a drawing made by P. H. LofFelt at
The Hague, July, 1841. Inserted in Documents
Relating to the Colonial History of New York, 1856,
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
137
C. PI. 23 Vol. I, opposite p. 13. Beneath the map is a
Page 6 declaration signed by J. R. Brodhead, describing
the discovery of the original and dated 27 July,
1841.
A similar lithograph, dated 26 Aug., 1841, and
signed by J. C. de Jonge, the Dutch Archivist,
who states that the facsimile is quite accurate.
This is a much closer copy than the former, and
omits no essential details; some mistakes however
remain, notably the first word of the inscription
near Fort Nassau, which reads Ma instead of Na.
This mistake has ever since persisted in American
reproductions of this map.
Chromolithograph, full size, by E. Spanier,
lithographer to the King, The Hague. This is the
most accurate and well executed reproduction.
Beneath the map is an English inscription: "Map
annexed to the memorial to the States General . . .
Copied in fac-simile from the original in the
national archives at the Hague by permission of
Dr. R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Archivist of
the Kingdom of the Netherlands." Van den Brink
followed De Jonge as archivist, in 1854, and died
in 1865. See J. G. Frederiks en F. Jos. van den
Branden, Biographisch Woordenbpek der Noord-
en Zuid-Nederlandsche Letierkunde. Amsterdam,
c. 1900.
Reduced, facsimile of the New England portion,
in : J. Winsor, Memorial History of Boston, Boston,
1880, Vol. I, p. 57. Reduced facsimile of the
New York portion (after Brodhead), in: J. Winsor,
Narrative and Critical History of America. Boston,
New York and London, 1884-9, Vol. IV, p. 433.
The entire map, reduced, on C. PI. 23.
C.PI.24 FIGURATIVE MAP OF CORNELIS HEN-
Page 72 DRICKS. {1616.) (The 2d Figurative Map.)—
Anonymous Dutch MS. map of the territory of
New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsyl-
vania, between 38° and 40° N.L., including the
course of the Hudson, Delaware, and Susquehannah
rivers.
Drawn in colours on paper.
101.5 by 33.5 centimetres.
The Hague, State Archives.
The first MS. map on which the name "Man-
hattes" occurs. It was presented to the States-
General on 19 Aug., 1616, together with a
memorial, in which this map is mentioned, and a
written report by Cornells Hendricks.
See, for fuller particulars, our page 72.
References: J. R. Brodhead, History of the
State of New York. New York, 1853, Vol. I, p. 757.
Documents relating to the Colonial History of
New York, 1856, Vol. I, p. 13.
Winsor, Narrative and Critical History, Vol. IV,
p. 434. (For an explanation of the wrong date, of
1614, assigned to it, see our page 75.)
Mrs. Schuyler van Rensselaer, History of the C. PI. 24
City of New York in the XFIIth Century. New Page 72
York, 1909, Vol. I, pp. 22, 26 (wrongly dated,
and confounded with Block's map).
Reproductions: Lithograph, full size, by Sarony
& Co., New York, after a drawing made by P. H.
LofFelt, The Hague, July, 1841. There is added on
the lithograph an English translation of the in-
scription relating to Kleyntjen and his companion.
Beneath the map are printed a declaration signed
by J. R. Brodhead, The Hague, 27 July, 1841,
about the discovery of the original, on 26 June,
1841, and a statement, signed by J. C. de Jonge, the
Dutch archivist. The Hague, 26 Aug., 1841, to
the eflFect that the facsimile is quite accurate.
As a matter of fact, the reproduction contains
some minor misinterpretations of the original.
The upper part only, reduced, and including the
inscription relating to Kleyntjen, C. PI. 24.
W. JZ. BLAEU'S FIRST PASKAART (c. C.Pls.2S
1617). — "Paskaart van Guinea, Brasilien en 27
Westindien. t' Amsterdam, Gedruct by Willem Page 78
Janssz. Blauw inde Sonnewyser." Engraved
Dutch chart representing the eastern coasts of
America from Newfoundland to Rio de la Plata,
and the western coasts of Europe and Africa from
Ireland to the Congo. Undated.
Engraved, on paper, and coloured by hand.
72.5 by 87.5 centimetres.
Only copy known: in Mr. Stokes's collection.
The first printed map on which the Island of
Manhattan appears as such. Being a sea-chart,
names are found only along the coasts. The
several countries are indicated by their coats of
arms. New Netherland by the arms of the United
Netherlands, New France by those of France,
etc. New England is entirely omitted, and the
name of "Nieu Nederlant" covers also the terri-
tory of that province.
For the date ascribed to this map, see p. 79,
et seq.
The only copy known of this map was discovered
by Frederik Muller k Co. in 1909. There is no
record of it in old or modern literature, and no
reprint with the address of Blaeu is known. The
copy here described is oneof theearliest impressions
from the copper-plate, taken before the copper
was cleaned, which proves that we are concerned
with a first edition.
References: Geographie- Voyages. Amerique,
Afrique, Australie, Russie, Indes Orientales . . .
Globes, Cartes, Vues, Manuscrits, Livres. Catalogue a
prix marques. Amsterdam, Frederik Muller & Cie.
1910, No. 330. (In this Catalogue this map is
described for the first time.)
A. Eekhof, Bastiaen Jansz. Krol, krankenbe-
zoeker, kommics en kommandeur van Nieuw-Neder-
138
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
C.Pls.25 land (1595-1645). 's Gravenhage, 1910, pp. 59-60.
27 With a facsimile.
Page 78 Reproductions: Reduced, the entire map,
and, full size, the part representing New Nether-
land, C. Pis. 25 and 26.
Process print, full size, the part representing
New Netherland, in the work of Eekhof, cited
above.
C. PI. 28 W. JZ. BLAEU'S SECOND WEST INDISCHE
Pages 80 PASKAERT (/(52/).— "West Indische Paskaert
82 . . . vertonende (behalven Europaes zuydlickste)
alle de Zee-kusten van Africa en America, begrepen
in 't Octroy by de E. E. H. M. H. Staten Generael
der vereenichde Neder-landen, verleent aende gene-
rale West-Indische Compagnie. Mitsgaders die van
Peru en Chili inde groote Zuyd-Zee. Beschreven
door Willem I. Blaeuw." Dutch engraved chart,
representing the eastern coasts of North America
to Newfoundland, in the north, and the entire
coastline of Central and South America, and the
opposite coasts of Europe and Africa, from Ireland
to the Cape of Good Hope; also the greater part
of the Mediterranean.
Engraved.
80 by 98 centimetres.
No copy known.
This map is known only by a later impression,
on which a vignette with the address of Jac.
Robyn, who worked c. 1680, has been added. (See
Z^'^, pages 82, 164.) From a comparison with several
' exact reprints, it appears that Robyn changed
nothing on Blaeu's original copper-plate, except
that he added the vignette, with the address.
This second Paskaert of Blaeu's is an entirely
new map; in every part changes, meant to be
improvements, have been made. This second chart
extends to the south of the Strait of Magellan, and
delineates the Strait of Le Maire, which Blaeu was
not allowed to include on his 1617 map. (See
page 80.)
The publication of this map was occasioned by
the incorporation, in 1621, of the West India Com-
pany, with which Blaeu was officially connected,
and there is every reason to assume that the
original was printed in that very year. On
Blaeu's Globe dated 1622, we find, already, con-
figurations which were most probably taken from
this map.
For our coast, it is curiously changed, when
compared with Blaeu's first Paskaart. The coast
lines, in general, are better defined, and follow
more closely the Figurative Map of Block. The
nomenclature, too, is considerably altered, "Hen-
dric Carst. Eyl.," "Tessel," "Vlielant," and
"Gesellen," are added, "Sandt Punt" replaces
Sandhocck, Fort Nassau has disappeared; and
instead of the primitive configuration of Delaware
Bay and the Susquehannah River found on Blaeu's C. PI. 28
first Paskaart, we refind here the old "C. de las Pages 80
Arenas." The Delaware has disappeared. ['] 82
The following early reprints of this Paskaert
of Blaeu's have been examined and compared:
(i) by J. Az. Colom (163 1-1640). See page 149. 3
(2) by Anthony Jacobsz (after 1643). Two
different issues. Seepages 156, 160.
(3) by Hendrick Doncker, 1659, and without
date. See page 160. , ^
(4) by Pieter Goos (c. 1660). See page l6or
(5) by Le Bocage Boisaye, 1669. See page 162. ^
(6) by Jacobus Robyn (c. 1680). Second state
of Blaeu's Paskaert. See page 164.
(7) by Joannes Loots {c. 1700), second state of
Peter Goos's reprint. See page 165.
(8) by Johannes von Keulen (f. 1710), third
state of Pieter Goos's reprint. See page 165.
Described here and on p. 82 for the first time.
Reproduction: The New Netherland portion,
taken from the Robyn-edition {c. 1680), full size,
on C. PI. 28.
W. JZ. BLAEU'S GLOBE, /<522.— Large globe C. PI. 30
of the world, bearing the following inscription Page 84
relating to author and publisher: "Guillielmus
Blaeu Auctor Anno 1622." "Amstelredami,
Excusum in aedibus Auctoris."
Engraved, on paper, and pasted on a hollow
sphere.
Diameter 6y centimetres.
New York, Hispanic Society of America.
The oldest known globe delineating Manhattan
Island and New Netherland. No earlier dated
globe or map of Blaeu, or of any other publisher,
is known, embodying this delineation.
The New Netherland portion seems to have
been taken directly from the Figurative Map of
Adriaen Block; instead, however, of Delaware
Bay there is found the old name C. de las Arenas.
For a minute description and a comparison
with Blaeu's second West Indische Paskaert, see
p. 84. A later edition of this globe of Blaeu's
is preserved in the "Mathematisch-Physikalische
Salon" in Dresden. On this edition the discover-
ies made by Tasman in the Pacific Ocean in 1642
and 1644, are delineated.
References: Katalog 374, Kartographie. Leip-
zig, Karl W. Hiersemann (1910), No. 23.
Reproductions: The entire globe, process print,
very much reduced, on the cover of the above
cited Catalogue.
The New Netherland part, full size, C. PI. 30.
\}\ Anthonyjacobsz'smap was long erroneously claimed to be the first
map giving the New Netherland coast, and was dated 1621, although
the single iact that this map contains the name "Brouwershaven,"
in Chili, which place was named only in 1642, proves that the date 162 1
is incorrect. This name is not found on any of the other reprints of
Blaeu's second West Indische Paskaert, nor on the Robyn-edition.
See the description of the Anthony Jacobsz map, page 156.
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
139
C.PI.30 VAN LANGREN'S GLOBE, c. 1622-1630.—
Page 8s Large globe of the world, bearing the following
inscription relating to the author: "Auctore
Arnoldo Florentio a Langre(n) Reg. Cat. Ma"'
Cosmographo et Pensionario." Published in
Belgium, between 1622 and 1630.
Engraved, on paper, pasted on a hollow sphere.
Diameter 76 centimetres.
Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale.
The first Globe of Langren delineating Man-
hattan island and New Netherland. This repre-
sentation was probably taken from Blaeu's Globe
of 1622.
Arnoldus Florentius a Langren, or Van Langren,
was the son of Jacobus Florentius a Langren,
who published the first globe in Holland, in 1580.
This globe passed through several editions, each
showing a greater or lesser advance upon its pred-
ecessor. The last known edition bears the date
1608.
Only one copy of this edition is known; it
belongs to the collection of Mr. Stokes.['] Of the
earlier editions no single copy is known to have
survived. The edition of 1608 is of the same
size as the globe which we have now under con-
sideration. It was engraved by Arnoldus, and
published in Amsterdam. Mr. Stokes's copy has,
however, a dedication in manuscript, by Arnoldus,
to the "Chambre des comptes" in Brussels, under
the patronage of Albertus and Isabella, sovereigns
of the Southern Provinces of the Netherlands,
and dated 161 2. This dedication coincides in date
with the departure of Arnoldus from the Dutch
Republic, in order to present his services to the
Spanish sovereigns in Brussels. In 1628 he is
mentioned as receiving a pension from the Spanish
King. Hence the title of "Pensionario," found
on his gIobe.[']
The first globe published by Arnoldus, the
younger Van Langren, after leaving Holland, was
printed from other copper-plates than the edition
of 1608. This proves that he did not take the
plates with him. It is probable that he could not
do so, being bound by a contract with some
publisher in Amsterdam.
A copy of this edition is in the University
Library of Ghent. It has no representation of New
Netherland, but gives the Strait of Le Maire, and
must, therefore, be dated after 1616.
The issue which we are describing here (C. PI.
30) is an improvement over that represented by
the Ghent globe, but is printed from the same
copper-plates, on which, however, the newly made
discoveries have been added.
As Van Langren could hardly have procured origi-
[M Since going to press this globe has passed into the possession of
the Geographical Society of Amsterdam, and a somewhat damaged
copy of apparently the same edition has been found in the Museum
at Zutphen.
(2] This pension was doubtless first granted at a much earlier date.
nal information in Belgium concerning the Dutch C. PI. 30
discoveries, it appears more than probable that Page 85
he got it from cartographical publications printed
in Holland; and it now seems evident that he
copied Blaeu's Globe of 1622 for these new dis-
coveries, which are the same on both globes: —
New Netherland; the discoveries of Hudson and
the Dutch in the Polar Regions of America, in
1611 and 1613; the islands in the South Sea, made
known by Schouten and Le Maire during their
voyage round the world in 1616; and the dis-
coveries on the West-coast of Australia, made in
1618 and 1619.
The terminus ad quern for the date of the Paris
Van Langren globe is 1630, as we know from the
fact that there exists, in Grenoble, an edition exactly
the same as this, but on which that date is found
added in a place which here is left blank.
References: Both the Paris globe and Mr.
Stokes's edition of 1608 are described here for the
first time; the Ghent copy is mentioned by P. J.
H. Baudet, in Leven en Werken van W. ]z.
Blaeu. Utrecht, 1871, pp. 36, 37. See also our
page 85.
For further information concerning the Van
Langren family, consult the article by Alphonse
Wauters, in: Biographie nationale de Belgique,
Bruxelles, 1890-91 XI: 277.
Reproduction: The New Netherland part, full
size, C. PI. 30.
(INGA'S MAP, 1624.)—" 't Noorder decl van C.PI.33
West-Indien. A Goos sculpsit." Engraved map Page 96
of North America, marked in the upper left-hand
corner "Fol. 65."
Engraved, on paper.
19 by 28>2 centimetres.
Various public libraries (New York, Amster-
dam, The Hague, etc., etc.), and Mr. Stokes's
collection.
Belongs to the printed work: Athanasius Inga,
Wesl-Indische Spieghel. Amstelredam, Broer
Jansz. ende Jacob Pietersz. Wachter. 1624. With
frontispiece and two folding maps. 4°.
The first map (MS. or printed) on which the
name of the Hudson River ("Hudson R.") is
known to appear. It has no indication of New
Netherland nor of the Dutch, but depicts New
England and Virginia, with many English names,
and is undoubtedly based entirely upon an earlier
English map. The original of this map may also
be the original of Henry Brigg's map, which it
closely resembles.
That the Inga Map is the earliest to contain the
name of Hudson River was first recorded by B. F.
(de Costa?) in: Magazine of American History,
July 1882, p. 513, but seems since to have been
lost sight of. 1 he only other reference to this
140
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
C. PI. 33 fact that has been found is in Weise's Discoveries
Page 69 of America, p. 319.
J. Winsor, Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America,
Vol. IV, p. 416, identifies Athanasius Inga with
Willem Usselincx, but without assigning any
reason for this strange supposition, which seems
entirely unlikely.
References: Magazine of American History,
Weise and Winsor, as cited above.
Reproduction: A portion only, full size,
C. PI. 33-
Page9s (HENRY BRIGGS'S MAP, 1625.)— "Iht
North part of America conteyning Newfound-
land, new England, Virginia, Florida, new Spaine,
and Nova Francia. . . . Fretum Hudson and
Buttons baye . . . " R. Elstracke sculpsit.
Engraved, on paper.
28.5 by 34.5 centimetres.
This map is found following p. 852 of the third
vol. of Purchas, His Pilgrimes, London, 1625,
where it is inserted in Chapt. XX of Lib. IV,
entitled: "A brief discourse of the probabilitie
of a passage to the Westerne or South Sea, il-
lustrated with testimonies and a brief Treatise
and Mappe by Master Brigges."
From the same source, we learn all we know of
Henry Briggs. On his map the name of Hudson
River appears, and the entire figuration of our
coast resembles so minutely that on Inga's map
that we have no hesitation in stating that both
must have been derived from the same original.
There is another map engraved by R. Elstracke,
in the British Museum, No. 52450 (i): "A
description of East India containing the Empire
of the Great Mogoll" (London, 1613?); and a
portrait of "Prince Charles, Prince of Great
Brittayn and Ireland" in the private library of
the King of Spain, with the imprint ". . .
Are to be sold at the whit horse, in Popes: head
Alley, by lohn Sudbury, and George Humble."
References: Purchas, as cited above.
J. Winsor, Nar. and Crit. Hist, of America,
London, 1886, Vol. IV, p. 378.
A. E. Nordenskiold, Periplus, Stockholm, 1897,
p. 192b.
Reproductions: The entire map, process print,
full size, in: Nordenskiold, Periplus, Plate LX.
Outline sketch of the New England and eastern
Canada portions in Winsor, Vol. IV, p. 383.
C.PI.33 JORIS CAROLUS'S chart, 7(52(5.— "Nieuwe
Page 90 Pascaert van Yslant, Fretum Davids Ende de
Landen daer by westen. Mitsgaders de Nieuwe
straet ende Nieuwe Zee. Genaemt Mare Cristiane
Beschreven ende byeen vergadert en[de] driemae!
selfs beseylt Door Meester Joris Carolus Stuurman
ende Caertschryver tot Enchuysen. Inden Jare
Anno 1626." Dutch MS. chart of the northern C. PI.33
regions of Europe and America; extending in the Page 90
west exactly to the Hudson River, which was origi-
nally included; however, this part of the map has,
unfortunately, been cut away, although, on the
extreme edge, we may still read: "[Nieu Nede
riant," "[Fort] van Nassau," "Manates," and
"Santhoeck."
Drawn in colours on vellum.
96 by 75.5 centimetres.
The Hague, State Archives.
On this chart, New Netherland and New England
follow the Figurative Map of Adriaen Block, and
probably also the lost map of Jan Cornelisz. May.
Joris Carolus, the author, is known as a navigator
who made several voyages to the northern regions
and, by this chart and a sea-atlas published in
1634, as a map-maker, as well.
References: On the map: page 90 of the
present work.
On Joris Carolus: J. H. Jarichs vander Ley,
Voyage vant experiment vanden generalen Regit!
des gesichts van de groote Zeevaert, ghedaen door
ordre vande Staten Generael der Ver. Nederlanden,
by Care! Nys, . . . Johan Buys . . . ende
Meester Joris Carolus, Schipper ende opper-stuyr-
man, mede superintendenten, waer door volkomeni-
lyck blyckt, dat soo wel de Longitudo als de Latitudo
ghemeten is. 's Gravenhage, 1620. square 4°
(describes the voyage to Davis Strait, undertaken
with the purpose of experimenting with a new
method of determining the longitude). Copy in
Royal Library, The Hague.
Joris Carolus, Het nieuw vermeerde licht ghenaemt
de sleulel van't tresoor, Spiegel, gesicht, ende vierige
colom des grooten zeevaerts. Amsteldam, Jan
Janssen, 1634. square 4°. (A sea-atlas of the
coasts of Europe.) Copy in the State Archives,
The Hague.
S. Muller Fz., Geschiedenis der Noordsche Com-
pagnie. Utrecht, 1874, p. 168 et seq.
Gosch, Danish Arctic Voyages, 1605—20. London,
Hakluyt Society, 1897. Vol. I, p. 151; Vol. II,
p. XLIX.
H. Harrisse, Decouverte de Terre Neuve. Paris,
1900, p. 278.
Reproductions: The entire map, photolitho-
graph, reduced, in: Anecdota cartographica septen-
trionalia. Ed. by A. A. Bjrnbo et C. S. Petersen.
Hauniae, 1908. fol. facs. XL
The New Netherland portion only on C. PL 33.
JOHN SPEED, AMERICA, j(52(5.— "America Page 96
with those known parts in that vnknowne worlde
both people and manner of buidings Discribed and
inlarged by I. S. Ano. 1626. Abraham Goos Am-
stelodamensis sculpsit. And are to be sold in popes
head alley against the Exchange by G. Humble."
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
141
Page 96 Engraved, and inserted in: John Speed, A
Prospect of the most famous parts of the World.
London, Printed by John Dawson for Georg
Humble . . . 1631.
38 by 50 centimetres.
British Museum.
Shows "Hudsons Rio" and "Delawar bay,"
after the representation on Inga's and Brigg's
maps.
The map was gradually augmented and im-
proved by the addition of the names of Bos-
ton, Connecticut, Maryland, Albion, etc. etc., and
was printed in the various succeeding editions
of John Speed's Atlas. One of the latest editions
bears the imprint: "Are to be sold by Thomas
Bassett in Fleet street, and by Richard Chiswell
in St. Paul's Churchyard."
These printers published an atlas in 1776, in
which this map is included. There is a copy of the
map in the Library of Congress.
Page 96 CORN. DANCKERTZ AND MELCHIOR
TAVERNIER, WORLD-MAP, /fee?.— "Charte
uiverselle de tout le monde, par Corneille Danc-
kertz et Melchior Tavernier. A Paris Chez
Melchior Tauernier graueur et Imprimeur du
Roy . . . Ao 1628."
Copper-plate, uncoloured.
Library of Congress.
Shows "Hudsons R" and "Delawar B.", on a
representation of our coast which follows the Inga
and Briggs Maps.
C.Pl. 44 CHAMPLAIN'S MAP, jdsp.— "Carte de la
Pagel27 nouvelle france, augmentee depuis la derniere,
servant a la navigation faicte en son vray Meridien,
par le sr. de Champlain Capitaine pour le Roy
en la Marine, lequel depuis I'an 1603 jusques en
I'annee 1629 a descouvert plusieurs costes, terres,
lacs, rivieres, et Nations de sauvages par cy devant
incognues, comme il se voit en ses relations quil a
faict Imprimer en 1632."
Map representing, besides New France proper,
the east coast of North America as far south as
Chesapeake Bay.
Engraved, on paper.
52 by 86 centimetres.
Published with the 1632-edition of Cham-
plain's Voyages, in Paris. Copies in most great
libraries, a. o. Library of Congress, N. Y. Pub.
Lib., Royal Library at The Hague, etc.
This map, as is stated thereon, depicts the dis-
coveries down to 1629.
Reproductions: The entire map, size of the
original, by Pilinski, published in Paris, by Tross,
in i860 (36 copies), and in 1877 (50 copies); also in
the new edition of Champlain's voyages; published
in Quebec, in 1870, and in the Prince Society's
edition.
The entire map, reduced, in O'Callaghan, C. PI. 44
Documentary History of New York, frontispiece toPagel27
Vol. HI; and in J. Winsor, Nar. and Crit. Hist,
of America. Vol. IV, pp. 386-387.
Reduced, on C. PI. 44.
VAN LANGREN'S GLOBE, dated 1630.— Page 86
Exactly the same as the edition described on
page *45, also with the indication: "Arnoldo /»«
Florentio a Langre(n) Reg. Cat. Ma''^ Cosmo- '
grapho et Pensionario," but with the date 1630
added on the copper-plate after this inscription.
Engraved, on paper, and pasted on a hollow
sphere.
Diameter j6 centimetres.
Grenoble, University Library.
Found in Grenoble, in 1855. See: R. Hues,
Tractatus de globis. Ed. by Clements R. Mark-
ham, London, 1889. Hakluyt Society, Vol. 79.
It is accompanied by a celestial globe by Van
Langren, also dated 1630, and of the same size.
Reproduction: Two sections (Guyana and the
imprint), by Rio Branco, in: Frontieres entre le
Bresil et la Guyane Fran(aise. Memoire presente
par les etats unis du Bresil au gouvernement de la
Confederation Suisse, arbitre entre le Bresil et la
France. Paris, 1899-1900. Atlas, Nos. 61, 6lb.
(DE LAET'S MAP, /djo.)— " Nova Angiia C.Pl. 31
Novum Belgium et Virginia." Engraved map. Page 86
extending from Cape Fear to Nova Scotia. In the
lower right hand corner a small inset map of the
Bermudas.
Engraved, on paper.
28 by 36 centimetres.
The first printed map giving the name of Man- ,
hattan (though written "Manba^es") and "N. i-tr Saa-VSl
Amsterdam," and the first known special map of
New Netherland to appear in print.
Published for the first time in the 1630-edition
of: Joh. de Laet, Beschryvinghe van IVest-Indien.
Tweede druk . . . Leyden, Elzevier, 1630.
In the first edition of this work, published in 1625,
the map does not appear. It is found in the sub-
sequent editions of the same work, 1633 (with
Latin text: "Novus orbis"), 1640 (with French
text: "Histoire du Nouveau-Monde").
References: Winsor, Nar. and Crit. Hist.,
Vol. Ill, p. 381, Vol. IV, p. 417. Asher, p. 7, and
list of names.
Bibliography of De Laet's book in: H. Murphy,
Henry Hudson in Holland, reprinted by W.
Nyhoff. The Hague, 1909, pp. 98-100.
Reproductions: The entire map, reduced,
C. PI. 31.
Parts, in Winsor, Nar. and Crit. Hist., from
Delaware Bay to Kennebec River: Vol. IV, p.
436; Virginia: Vol. Ill, p. 125.
142
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
C. PI. 3 1 HENR. HONDIUS'S WORLD-MAP, 1630.—
Page 86v"Nova totius terrarum orbis geographica ac hydro-
graphica tabula, Auct. Henr. Hondio. 1630."
Engraved map of the world in two hemispheres;
in the corners the portraits of Caesar, Ptolemy,
Mercator and Jud. Hondius.
Engraved, on paper.
38 by 54.5 centimetres.
Proof-impression, described in Catalogue Geo-
graphie-Voyages, etc. Amsterdam, Frederik Muller
& Cie, 1910, No. 90.
This map has a somewhat crude representation
of New Netherland, with "Cape Codd" and "I.
Caupan" taken from English maps, and the
name "Nov. Belgium." The Hudson and the
Delaware are both shown, but without being
named. This form of representation was still of
rare occurrence in Holland in 1630. It is an English
form, which is found also on Inga's and on Brigg's
map. It is interesting to note on this Dutch map
also the omission of these names.
The map is refound in several editions of the
Mercator-Hondius and the Janssonius Atlases;
the second state has the date 1641, and the
address of Joannes Janssonius.
THE MINUIT MAPS {c. 1630).
(For introductory notes, see Appendix, II).
C. PI. 39 (MINUIT'S MAP OF NEW NETHERLAND,
Page HI f. l6jO.) — "Pascaert van Nieuw Nederlandt Vir-
ginia, ende Nieuw-Engelandt verthonende alles wat
van die Landen by see oft by Land is ondect oft
Bekent." Anonymous Dutch map, representing
Virginia, New Netherland, and New England; at
the top the course of the St. Lawrence is in-
dicated.
Drawn in colours, on paper.
48 by 69.5 centimetres.
Library of Congress (Harrisse bequest).
Copied about 1660 from an original which was
probably made under the direction of Peter
Minuit.
The colours indicate the different countries.
New Netherland, shown in yellow, comprises
the coast from a point lying about a third of a
degree to the north of Cape Charles to the peninsula
of Cape Cod, which is not included. Inland, the
Susquehannah, Delaware, Hudson, and Con-
necticut Rivers, as well as Narraganset Bay and
the smaller rivers, are in yellow, as is also the
south bank of the St. Lawrence, called the "Groote
Rivier van Nieuw Nederlandt." Virginia and New
England are in green, and Canada in violet.
This map, in its representation of the country,
stands between the Figurative Map of Block and
the Jjnssonius-Visscher Map. It has the following
inscription: "Aenwysing op de mont vande Noort
Rivier.
j4: 't fort Amsterdam op den manhatans C. PI. 39
hoeck.f] Pagelli
B: 't nooten Eylandt oft Hoogcamers Eylan.
C: Coenraedsbay — Sandtbay."
Reference: No. 716 of the Posthumus Cata-
logue, 1886.
Reproduced for the first time, reduced, on
C. PI. 39-
(MINUIT'S MAP OF HUDSON RIVER, c. C. PI. 40
1630.) — " Noort rivier in Niew Neerlandt." Anony- Page 1 1 1
mous Dutch map drawn in colours, representing
the Hudson from the affluence of the Mohawk to
its mouth; in two sections, one beneath the other.
Drawn in colours, on paper.
47.7 by 68.8 centimetres.
Library of Congress (Harrisse bequest).
Copy made about 1660 by the same artist who
copied the map of New Netherland attributed to
Minuit. (C. PI. 39.)
The principal colours are green and blue: the
inscriptions in the sea are red. The entire surface
of the map is covered by a series of cross lines
scratched on it "a froid," and spaced rather
closely. This network of lines is supposed to have
been added as an aid in copying this map from
the origmal.
Manhattan island has its early triangular form
and bears the unusual name of: "Manatans
Houck." "F. Amsterdam" is designated on it.
Sandy Hook appears as an island, and near the
Navesink Highlands is the inscription: "Dit is
de Hoge houck vande bay ende is seer kennelyck
coom[ende] vande Suyt. " (This is the High [long]
hook of the bay and may be easily recognised as
one approaches from the South.) Soundings are
indicated along the entire course of the Hudson
as far as Fort Orange. Near Visschershoeck and
near Esopus mountains are indicated.
The following names along the Hudson are not
found on the Figurative map of Cornells Hendricks:
"Weckae" (Indian tribe), "Jan Brouwers hoeck,"
"Pollepels Eylandt," "Vryburch," "Kilanckers
kil," "Lange rack," "Kleyne" and "Groote
Esopus" (the Fig. Map has only Esopus), "Jan
de Wits Eylandt," "Katskil," "Betre Eylandt,"
"Dry eleven," "Smacks Eylandt," "Castels
Eylandt," "Casteels Eylandt," "F. Orange."
The following, found on the Figurative Map,
are here omitted: "Sangikans" (Indian tribe),
"Haverstro," "Klinkersbergh," "Woranecks"
(Indian tribe), "Oosterhoeck," "Hinnehoeck,"
"Sceurhoek."
Reference: No. 714 of the Posthumus Cata-
logue already referred to.
[q The reference letter A, easily discernible in the original, on
Manhattan Island, does not appear on the reproduction, being lost in
the yellow wash which covers the island.
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
143
C. PI. 40 Reproduced for the first time, reduced, on
Page I II C. PI. 39-
C.PI.43 MAP OF JEAN GUERARD OF DIEPPE,
Pp. 127 l6jl. — Large chart of the Atlantic Ocean, having
128 the inscription: "Carte faitte en Dieppe par Jean
Gverard 1631."
Drawn in colours on 4 sheets of vellum, measur-
ing together 117 by 159 centimetres. The lower
left corner of the map is missing.
Paris, Archives du Departement des Cartes de la
Marine.
Jean Guerard, the author of this map, is men-
tioned as a marine teacher in Dieppe by A. Des-
marquets, in his anonymous: Memoires chrono-
logiques pour servir a I'histoire de Dieppe et a celle
de la navigation fran(aise. Paris, 1785. Vol. II,
p. s, where it is stated that Guerard was related
to the great Coligny.
This chart has the following names in the
vicinity of Manhattan: "r. maurice," "fort de
nassau," "uichers," "uars," "cheririeu," "vries
cherivier," "oster riuiere," "slosbay," "neufve
riuiere," "St. mathieu," "St. elizabet," "mal-
lebarre," "C. mallebarre."
Described here for the first time.
Reproduction: The New Netherland part, full
size, C. PI. 43.
C. Pis. 26 J. AZ. COLOM'S PASCAERTE, 1631— "?zs
27 Caerte van Guinea, Brasilien en West Indien.
Page 81 Nieulykx Beschreven door Jacob Aertsz. Coiom,
wonende opt Water inde vyerige Colom, tot Am-
sterdam. 163 1."
Engraved, on vellum, and coloured by hand.
70.5 by 90 centimetres.
Only copy known: Archives du Depot des
Cartes de la Marine, Paris.
Reprint of the first Paskaart of Blaeu (c. 161 7),
with some modifications, especially in the coast-
lines of South America and Africa. The coast of
the latter continent is given as far as 22 S.L.
The New Netherland portion is exactly like the
representation on Blaeu's first Paskaart.
Colom, the publisher of this map, was a rival of
Blaeu, who complained that his maps were often
reprinted by Colom.
Reference: Mentioned here for the first time.
Reproductions: The entire map, reduced,
C. PI. 26.
The New Netherland part, full size, C. PI. 27.
Page 81 J. AZ. COLOM'S REPRINT OF BLAEU'S
SECOND WEST-INDISCHE PASKAERT. No
date (1631-1640). — Same title, without the name
of Blaeu, but with the address: "t' Amsterdam, by
Jacob Aertz. Colom."
Engraved, on vellum. Same dimensions as C.Pls.26
Blaeu's chart. 27
See all the reprints of this Paskaert of Blaeu's, Page 81
enumerated on page 144.
British Museum.
MAP OF JEAN GUERARD OF DIEPPE, C.PI.45
1634. — "Carte universelle hydrographique par Pp. 127
lean Guerard I'an 1634." Chart of the world on 128
Mercator's projection.
Drawn in colours on vellum.
35 by 48 centimetres.
Paris, Archives du Depot des Cartes de la Marine.
Described and reproduced (in part), for the
first time, on C. PI. 45.
W. JZ. BLAEU'S MAP OF NEW NETHER- C.PI.32
LAND, 7655. — "Nova Belgica et Anglia nova." Page 88
Anonymous map, representing the country from
Chesapeake Bay to Penobscott Bay, and extending
northward to the St. Lawrence.
Engraved, on paper.
38.5 by 50.5 centimetres.
In Blaeu's Atlas, first edition (1635), and un-
changed in all subsequent editions.
This map is of special importance, as it repro-
duces, with some modifications, the original Fig-
urative Map of Adriaen Block.
A careful comparison brings out the following
facts: both maps cover the same area; Block's
map extends somewhat farther to the north, but
thereby adds only a continuation of Saguenay
River. Blaeu's map has a better representation
of Delaware Bay and the coast south of Sandy
Hook; Hudson River flows somewhat more to the
west; the shoals of Cape Cod have disappeared,
perhaps through the influence of De Laet, who
speaks doubtfully about them; the narrow sea-
arm, which makes an island of Cape Cod on Block's
map, has disappeared on Blaeu's; Fort Nassau is
replaced by Fort Orange.
The following names on Blaeu's map are, for
the most part, more modern in form than the
corresponding names on Block's map, and are
probably taken from De Laet:
"C. Hinlopen, C. May, Zuyd Rivier, Naraticons,
Eyer haven, Rodenbergh hoeck [Block's map has
De ronde bergh], Godyns punt [Sandpunt], Coen-
raeds Bay, Manatthans [the form occurring in
De Laet's text], Noord Rivier, Tappaens, Wecke,
Fort Orange, Pequatoos [De Laet; Block has:
Pequats], Chaloep Bay [De Laet; Block has:
sloup bay], Milford haven, Tragabigsanda, Bris-
tou. Point davis, Nieu Engeland."
"Nieu Amsterdam," on Blaeu's map, may
have been put in independently of De Laet's map,
which has "N. Amsterdam."
The following, not on Block's map, are also not
on De Laet's:
144
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
C.PI. 32 "Rivieten achter Kol (occurs on Blaeu's second
Page 38 West-Indische Paskaerte), Oesters Eylandt, Mari-
„ ' tius Rivier ["Mauritius" on Blaeu's first Pas-
i kaart], De gesellen [on Blaeu's second Pas-
kaert]."
In New England, several additions have evi-
dently been taken from other sources, especially
French and English maps.
The following names, corresponding with De
Laet's description of Block's survey, may have
been on the original of Block's map, though they
are lacking on the Figurative Map which we
actually possess:
"Gebroke land, Matouwacs (Block's map has,
erroneously: Nahicans), Quirepeys, De gesellen,
De Groote bay, 't Lange Eyland, Anckerbay,
Bay van Nassouwe."
The following names on Block's map are not on
Blaeu's:
"Fort Nassau (with the inscriptions relating to
it), Ogehage, Canomakers, Genseyland, Wapanoos
and hoek vande Wapanoos, Nieuwe rivier, Wal-
vischeyland, De sanden van C. Mallebarre, Sant
revier, Sywanois, de Groote Revier van Can-
ada."
Biaeu has embellished his map by the addition
of several ornaments: — two Indian villages, one
of which is styled: "Modus muniendi apud
Mahikanenses," and two canoes: "Canoo, sive
Naviculae e corticibus arborum," and "Navis ex
arboris trunco igne excavata." These canoes,
which appear here for the first time, as we have
already seen, play a conspicuous role in the subse-
quent cartography of New Netherland. The map
is further enriched by a number of small vign-
ettes, of bears, beavers, and other animals, which
also were imitated on later maps.
As to the date of this map, there is still some
question. Its first appearance to which we can as-
sign a positive date is in the first edition of Blaeu's
Atlas, published in 1635, but, as it follows closely
a manuscript map of 1614, the question arises as
to whether it may not have been engraved much
earlier than 1635, and in a state still more in accord
with Block's map; of which original engraving
the map which we are describing would then be
an improved re-issue.
As we know very little of the maps published
separately by Blaeu before his first atlas, it is by
no means impossible that this map was printed at
an earlier date. In an English report, written in
1632, it is recorded of the first occupation of New
Netherland by the Dutch, that "they fell into the
middle betwixt the sayd [English] plantations,
and at their returne of their voyage aforesayd,
published a Map in the Low Countries of the said
sea coast comprehended betwixt Virginia and Cape
Codd, under the tytle of New Netherlands, giving
the name of Prince of Aurange to the countrie and C. PI. 32
river of Manahata."['] _ Page 38
This quotation, in its entirety as well as in its
details, would seem to refer to a map similar
to Block's, on which the inscription: "Riviere
van den Vorst Mauritius" is very conspicuous,
rather than to De Laet's map; and the fact
that the report refers to the map as "published"
after the return of the Dutch "interlopers"
strengthens the theory that Block's map was
engraved soon after it was made; although it is,
of course, possible, even probable, that the word
"published" was here used in its broader sense,
to mean made public.
No such map is found included in Blaeu's
preliminary atlas-publications, issued in 1630 and
1631, as an "Appendix" to the Atlas of Ortelius,
and to that of Hondius, in which, respectively,
he gave a first and second selection of his maps
to the public. Of some of these early Blaeu
maps, still earlier separate issues are known, even
as far back as i6io.[^] Mr. Stokes possesses
a copy of Blaeu's map printed on thick paper, and
without text on the back, a very beautiful impres-
sion, which may well belong to an earlier issue than
the Atlas of 1635.
The map of America and the world-map in
Blaeu's Atlas of 1635 do not show New Netherland.
References: P. J. H. Baudet, Leven en werken
van fF. Jz. Blaeu. Utrecht, 1871, with Supple-
ment. On Blaeu's atlases, so far as North America
is concerned: Winsor, Nar. and Crit. Hist., Vol.
IV, p. 437-
See also: Phillips, Lowery Collection, 1913, pp.
133-135-
Reproduction: The entire map, reduced,
C. Pi. 32.
(JANSSONIUS'S REPRINT OF DE LAET'S C.PI. 31
MAP, FIRST STATE. /<5j(5.)— "Nova Anglia Page 88
Novum Belgium et Virginia. Amstelodami Johan-
nes Janssonius Excudit."
Represents the same area as De Laet's map of
1630. The title set in a cartouche composed of
flowers and fruits.
Engraved, and printed on paper.
39 by 50 centimetres.
Published for the first time in the English edition
of the Mercator-Hondius Atlas, entitled: Atlas
or a geographicke description of the regions, countries
and kingdomes of the world . . . Translated
by Henry Hexham. (No date, but apparently
printed in Amsterdam; the preface signed by
Henricus Hondius, Johannes Johnsonius and
Henry Hexham, i636.)[3]
[1] Nrw York Colonial Documents, Vol. III., p. l6.
[2] Baudet, Lfven van Blaeu, pp. 86, 87, enumerates twelve of
these maps, and his list could now be considerably augmented.
['] Phillips, List oj Atlases. 1909, No. 449.
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
HS
C. PI. 31 Appears also in the French edition of the
Page 88 Mercator-Hondius Atlas, entitled: Nouveau theatre
du monde. Amsterdam, 1639 ['], and in the first
edition of the Janssonius Atlas: Nieuwen Atlas
ofte wereltbeschryvinge ende volkomen ajbeeldinge
van alle coninckrycken, landen, etc. Amsterdami,
apud Joh. Janssonium. 1638. [^]
It is a close reprint of De Laet's map, but on a
larger scale, and extending somewhat farther to
the north — without, however, adding new geo-
graphical data — and somewhat farther to the
east, with the addition of several names in Nova
Scotia.
Variations in the spelling of names, between
De Laet's and Janssonius's maps, are mostly ex-
plained as careless mistakes on Janssonius's map:
Trinite Harbar (De Laet: Harbor)
Poineioc ( " Pomeioc)
Moquopen ( " Moquopeu)
James tow ( " Jamestown)
R. Pawhatatan ( " R. Pawhatan)
Kuskarawoako ( " Kuskarawoaks)
Naraticoas ( " Naraticons)
Zuydt Rivier ( " Zuyd Rivier)
Hellegaet ( " Hellegat)
Wecke ( " Wecke)
Fort Orangen ( " Fort Orange)
Hoeck vande ( " Hoeck van
Visschers Visschers)
B. van Nassan ( " B. van Nassau)
Vriesche Rivier ( " Vriessche Riv.)
Ooster Rivi. ( " Ooster Riv.)
I. Honte ( " I. Haute)
Novae Franciae ( " Nova Franciae
pars pars)
The name "Chesapeack" (on De Laet's) is
wanting on Janssonius's map; and the name
"Mar del Nort" is added. The inset map of the
Bermudas is omitted on the Janssonius Map.
In all other minor details, Janssonius follows
De Laet so closely that we may safely conclude
that he copied only from his map, and not from
the original from which De Laet's map was derived.
This is confirmed by the text on the back of the
map, which is taken nearly verbatim from De
Laet. The same thing occurs with the other
maps of America in the Janssonius Atlas, which
also are taken from De Laet, with their text.
Reproduction: The entire map, reduced,
C. Pi. 31.
DUDLEY'S MAPS, MANUSCRIPT AND
ENGRAVED. 1636-1648.
Dudley's maps of New Netherland are included
in his Dell' Arcano del Mare, published in Florence
[1] Phillips, No. 452-
t^J Copies in the University Library of Groningrn and in the Town
Library of Haarlem, etc.
in 1646-48. The original manuscript is still inC. PI. 31
existence, as are also the MS. maps, including Page 88
those of New Netherland.
This manuscript consists of three volumes of
text on shipbuilding and navigation, now pre-
served in Florence, in the Istituto degli Studi
superiori, Facolta di lettere, Piazza San Marco,
and of a large Atlas of 273 numbered leaves of
manuscript maps, in three volumes, now in Mu-
nich, in the Kon. HofbibIiothek.['] The volumes
are, for the most part, written by a clerk, but con-
tain many additions and corrections by Dudley
himself. Both collections are without title and of
large folio size (r. 50 by 42 centimetres).
The MS. volumes at Florence contain some
portions in English and some in Italian, dating
from 1610 onwards; but the entire manuscripts
were revised by the author at a much later date,
and many additions were made in the course of
time. The Munich and the Florence portions
are written on the same paper, with the same
water-marks. [^]
Most of the maps were probably drawn shortly
before or during the year 1636, which date
is found on two maps: 1°. On a map of Brazil
(Vol. II, No. 65, p. l), where there appears an
inscription, written by the same hand and with the
same ink as the remainder of the map, and reading:
"Con Paraiva et Fernambuque Com(m)incia la
Brasilia & habitata di Portugese ma al presente
nel 1636 e usurpata dalli Olandese"; 2°. On a
large map of Guyana (Vol. Ill, No. 74), where there
appears a long biographical note regarding Dudley,
which informs us that: " . . . il detto Duca e
residente in Fiorenza adesso nel 1636 et e stato
gia 30 anni sotto la Protettione delli Ser"?' Gran
Duchi di Toscana, egli nominava Orinoque, R:
Dudliana."
The additions and corrections on the maps are
regarded as dating from that and the succeeding
years, probably continuing until the publication of
the Atlas.
In 1646, Dudley published the first four volumes
of the Arcano, while a fifth volume, of text and
plates of larger size, followed very soon afterwards,
as well as a sixth, consisting of larger maps. This
last volume has the date 1647 on the title page,
but an additional sheet, containing a "Discorso
delle Scienze matematiche, che entrano nell'
Opera dell' 'Arcano del Mare,' " which apparently
belongs to the volume, is dated 1648, p] so that
we may safely conclude that this volume was not
published before this year.
The first of the volumes contains the " Carta
[1] Vol. I 108 leaves. II 86 leaves. Ill 79 leaves, to which have been
added S portolano's on vellum, among them a chart of America by
Thomas Hood, 1592.
(2J Sun. eagle, crowned fleur-de-lis, foolscap, anchor, little man
bearine a cross, a^nus dei.
(3] Found in the copies in Paris, Bibliothequc Nationaleand in Flor-
ence ,Biblioteca nazionalc.
146
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
C. PI. 31 Seconda dell' America." The sixth has the map
Page 88 of New Netherland: "Carta particolare." In the
sixth volume the engraver, A. F. Lucini, states
that he worked during 12 years on the copper-
plates, and used 5,000 pounds of copper. This
date agrees with that of the MS., which is exactly
12 years earlier — 1636.
We are uncertain as to the sources used by
Dudley; for the collection, which he must once
have had in his palace, has long been dispersed.
It is not even certain in which palace he lived,
whether in the Villa Rinieri, as Leader states, and
which now bears a memorial tablet to the honour
of Dudley, or in the Villa Castello, as is stated
in the National Biography. Both of these villas
lie outside of Florence.
The Villa Rinieri is now in the possession of the
Princes Corsini. Information obtained from the
present Prince, through the kindness of Cav.
Modigliani of Florence, shows that the Villa
Rinieri did not come into the Corsini family until
about 1690, that during the years between that
date and Dudley's death, in 1649, the villa probably
passed through several hands, and that no docu-
ment belonging to Dudley's time is now preserved
in this villa.
Neither does the Villa Castello contain any
documents dating from Dudley's time, a fact of
which I convinced myself by personal examination
and inquiry.
It may be possible that Dudley's collection
passed into the possession of the Dukes of Tuscany.
The very rich collection left by these Dukes was,
in the XlXth Century, distributed among several
scientific and literary institutions of Florence.
In this way, the original manuscript of Dudley's
Arcano came into the Istituto, and one of his
instruments into the Specola; from which facts
it seems very probable that a small collection of
English sea-charts, drawn on vellum and dating
from before 1646, which I found in the Bibliotheca
Palatina, belonged originally to Dudley's collec-
tion, a supposition which is strongly supported
by the fact that, in the corrections of the Munich
manuscript, there are autograph references to
English charts,!'] and that the maps of Dudley
show a marked resemblance to these charts.
But it would be of little use to search the
neighbourhood of Florence for Dudley's collection,
as the Dukes of Tuscany were all much interested
in navigation; and cartographical documents
found there might as well have belonged to any of
their collections as to his.
From the MS. maps, as well as from the printed
[1] Sec, for example, the Munich MS. Vol. I, No. 92, Map of the
Philippine Islands, endorsed in Dudley's autograph: "rcfarc qucsto
con qucllo d'lngles".
Vol. II, No. 5; 8 maps for the navlRation of the East Indies: "con-
forme Lcspcrientie grandc d'Inglcsc".
Vol. 11, No. 27: a map of the Cape of Good Hope, endorsed: "accom-
odato con Ic carte Ingles", etc.
work, we see that Dudley had at his disposal Dutch C. PI. 3 1
and English charts, especially Dutch; but it would Page 88
be impossible to say, positively, whether there were
among these MS. maps, as well as printed ones,
although this seems altogether probable. He gives
in full the coast-description of America by Abra-
ham Kendall, an English pilot, who had been his
"master" on his voyage to Guyana, in IS94.[']
We have seen (page loi) that Dudley's maps of
New Netherland can be traced to printed Dutch
maps, except for the name "Staten Island," which
is not found on any known map earlier than his
"Carta particolare," printed in 1647 and pub-
lished in 1648, in the sixth volume of the Arcano.
The deviations from other known maps must,
primarily, be ascribed to a misunderstanding of his
originals, and to the mutilation of the names in
Italian; and, secondly, to the efforts of Dudley
to blend the prevalent Italian cartography with the
new information which he got from England
and Holland. Hence, the appearance, among the
mutilated Dutch names, of "Cabo de Pedras
Arenas," in which we recognise without difficulty
the familiar old name of Cabo de las Arenas.
The literature on Dudley's maps contains several
misleading statements, chiefly due to the hasty
and incomplete examination made by Dr. E. E.
Hale, during a short stay in Munich, in 1873.
Hale assigned the date 1621, or earlier, to the maps,
after having seen only half of them. St. John's
day, on which the Library was closed, interrupted
his investigations, and caused him to meditate on
Cabot, who discovered America on that day;[^]
and he left Munich without examining the balance
of the maps, among which he would have found
information pointing to a much later date of
origin — i. e., 1636.
Kohl assigned the date 1630 to all the maps in
the collection. [5]
This erroneous early dating, naturally, gave un-
due importance to Dudley's maps, which were,
thereby, made to seem a great deal more im-
portant than the Dutch printed maps of New
Netherland, the earliest of which — De Laet's —
did not appear until 1630.
Another statement of Hale's is similarly mis-
leading; it refers to his discovery, in the Munich
MSS., of a special map of New York Harbour. This
special map is only a small part of a map of New
Netherland, which is folded, in the Munich MSS.,
in such a way that this part appears in the volume
on a page other than that containing the main map.
Our illustration (PI. 35) clearly shows their real
relation.
In the Hakluyt Society edition of Dudley's
Voyage to Guyana, the editor, George F. Warner,
Hakluyt, Principall Navigacioni, 1600, Vol. Ill, p. 574.
Hale, p. 92.
Windsor, Kohl Collection, No. 407.
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
147
C. PI. 31 states that Dudley's map of Guyana was first
Page 88 published in 1637, by Francesco Onofri,['] and
dedicated to Frederic II, Grand Duke of Tuscany.
I think this date is a misprint for 1647, and that
the 6th volume of the Arcano is meant, as this was
printed by Onofri, and bears the date 1647.
New confusion has been brought about by the
statement made by P. Lee Phillips, in his List
of Geographical Atlases, that the MSS. in Florence
are in part dated 1610, and that they form, per-
haps, the basis of Dudley's work, whereas, as a
matter of fact, we now have every reason to be-
lieve that the manuscript in the Royal Library in
Munich is the text of the completed work, com-
prising even more than was finally published. [^]
A personal examination of both manuscripts
has proved beyond reasonable doubt that they
form together one work, dating in its entirety from
1636. There are no maps in the Florence manu-
script.
The Florence volumes of Dudley's MS. are
fully described by John Temple Leader, in his
Life of Sir Robert Dudley, Earl of Warwick and
Duke of Northumberland. Florence, 1895, p. 60, et
seq. An Italian translation was published in 1896.
The Munich volumes of Dudley's MS. are de-
scribed in : Catalogus codicum manu scriptorum
Bibliothecae Monacensis. Monachii, 1858. Tomus
VII, pp. 272-3.
Some of the maps are described by E. E. Hale,
in: Early Maps in Munich; and in: Note on Robert
Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, and his Arcano
del Mare, in: Proceedings of the American Anti-
quarian Society. Oct. 21, 1873. Worcester, 1874,
pp. 83-96.
Dudley's Atlas was printed twice, in 1646-8
and in 1661.
First edition: Dell'Arcano del mare . . .
libri sei, nel primo de quali si tratta della longitudine
praticabile in diversi modi, d'invenzione dell
autore, nel secondo, delle carte sue generali, e de
portolani reltificati in longitudine, e latitudine . . .
nel sesto, delle carte sue geografiche, e partuolari.
Firenze, Francesco Onofri, 1646, 1647, 1648. 4
vols, small folio, I vol. fol. and i vol. large fol.,
together 6 vols. The number of plates is uncertain,
differing in the various known copies; Vol. II has
15 maps. Vol. VI 131, all engraved by A. F.
Lucini.
A full description will be found in: P. Lee
Phillips, List of Geographical Atlases in the Library
of Congress. Washington, 1909, Vol. I, pp. 203-17
(the additional leaf in Vol. VI is dated 1648, not
1638 which must be a misprint in Phillips).
Copies: Library of Congress; Harvard Library;
British Museum; Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale;
Florence, Biblioteca nazionale (Vol. VI separate in
[I] p. Ixv.
Pi Phillips, p. 206.
red morocco, with the Medicis-arms on the covers); C. PI. 3 1
Vols. I-V of both editions are in N. Y. Pub. Lib.; Page 88
Vol. I-V, 1st ed. in Mr. Stokes's Collection.
A copy of Vols. I-IV, bound in I vol., in the pos-
session of Mr. Anton W. M. Mensing, in Amster-
dam, has the erroneous date of 1696 on the title,
though the volumes are otherwise entirely similar
to other known copies of this edition.
Second edition: Same title as the first, and
published also by Onofri, but with the date 1661,
and the addition in the title "Ad istanza di lacopo
Bagnoni, & Anton francesco Lucini." The six
volumes contain the same material as the first
edition, but are now all of the same large folio size.
According to the title, this edition, published
long after the death of Dudley, which occurred in
1649, was due to the initiative of the engraver and
his companion. In the preface, as has already been
noted, the former states that he worked twelve
years on the copper-plates. One of these plates
(Vol. V, pi. 92) has the date 1640. At the end of
Vol. V we read: "Le Figure, che qui sopra nomi-
nate ne i sei Libri, sono state tutte intagliate da
Antonfrancesco Lucini Fiorentino."
Copies: In London, British Museum; Paris,
Bibliotheque du Depot des Cartes de la Marine;
Florence, Biblioteca nazionale, etc., etc.
Leader, pp. 121, 123, confounds the two editions.
Works on Dudley (besides those already men-
tioned) : G. Adlard, Amye Robsart and the Earl of
Leicester, together with Memoirs and Correspondance
of Sir Robert Dudley. London, 1870.
The Italian biography of Sir Robert Dudley,
Knight, known in Florentine history as: "II Duca
de Nortombria" by the Vicar of StoneHght (1858).
J. Winsor, Narrative and Critical History of
America, Boston, New York and London, 1884-9.
(See the indexes.)
Bernard Quaritch's General Catalogue. London,
1887, No. 28212.
J. Winsor, The Kohl Collection of Maps relating
to America. Cambridge, 1886 (No. 19 of the
Bibliographical Contribiitions of Harvard Library),
PP- 38, 54-
Dictionary of National Biography. 1908, Vol.
VI, pp. 122-4 (signed S. L. L.).
DUDLEY'S REJECTED MANUSCRIPT C. PI. 35
MAP OF NEW NETHERLAND {c. jdjfJ).— Page 100
"America settentrionale Carta 3." A map, drawn in
ink, of the North American coast from Cape
Henlopen to about Monhegan Island. No. 40
of the second vol. of the Munich manuscript.
Drawn on paper, and folded.
Height 48.5 centimetres. Width, from fold to
edge, 38 centimetres.
Munich, Kgl. Hofbibliothek.
The map is in the handwriting of Dudley's
148
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
C. PI. 35 draughtsman, but there are lead-pencil notes,
Page 100 probably in Dudley's autograph: — "Carta prima
3 " (the word prima cancelled), the cancelled No. 6,
and the new No. 11. The situation of Block
Island is changed, and it thereby appears twice.
To the east of Long Island the name "Gesellen"
is almost completely erased.
This map was evidently unsatisfactory to
Dudley, who cancelled all the names and the
entire map, which bears the remark: "Questa
mezza carte a Cancellata perche e meglio fatta
di nuova." This improved map does not exist
in MS., although it is engraved in the Arcano.
(See page 159.)
On the back of the map is a drawing of the
coast of Nova Francia and Terra Nova, the con-
tinuation of the coast shown on the face of the
map.
Reference: E. E. Hale, work cited above,
pp. 87, 88.
Reproduction: Reduced, C. PI. 35.
C. PI. 36 DUDLEY'S MS. MAP OF THE EAST COAST
Page 99 {c. 16^6). — Extends from the north part of Florida
and the most northern of the Bahama Islands to
Nova Scotia and the mouth of the Saint Lawrence.
No. 43 of the third volume of Munich MSS.
Drawn in ink, on paper.
49.5 by 38 centimetres.
Munich, Kgl. Hofbibliothek.
In the handwriting of Dudley's draughtsman;
no autograph notes by Dudley. On the back it
has the following inscriptions: "Di America 2"
(autograph of Dudley, in lead pencil); "America
2^^," "Carta . . . di America Settentrionale"
(cancelled), " Carta z'^^ Generate di America
settentrionale" (the last word cancelled).
Engraved in the Arcano. (See page 158.)
Not seen by Hale, and not elsewhere men-
tioned.
Reproduction: Reduced, C. PI. 36.
DUDLEY'S ANTIQUATED OR SUPER-
SEDED MS. MAPS (f. 1636).— Among the Mu-
nich MSS. there are three other maps which show
our coast, but which are not engraved in the
Arcano. They omit entirely the discoveries of the
XVIIth Century and are based on earlier maps.
Although these three maps have no direct im-
portance to our subject, it seems useful to men-
tion them, as they throw additional light upon
the character of some of the original maps of our
coast which were used by Dudley.
(i). Munich MSS. Fol. II, No. 44. "La pr^
Carta del India occidentale." From Hudson's
Bay to the Amazones, with the inscription "Questo
mare o Golfo grande fu scoperto dal s"^*^ Henrico
Hudsono Inglese nel 1612 et 1613 entraua sopra
la terra di Labrad", nella Lat"= di Gradi 61 C. PI. 36
incirca." Although this map includes Hudson Page 99
Bay, the delineation of our coast shows no sign
of Hudson's discovery, and is much confused.
It has the English names: "La Virginia scoperto
d'Inglese nel 1582," "G. Chesipioc," "Roanoac,"
"Croatoan," and, more to the north: "La Virginia
habitato d'Inglese al presente," and "La noua
Inghil" o Virginia."
48.5 by 75.5 centimetres.
(2). Munich MSS. Fol. II, No. 45. "La 2'^^
Carta del India Occidentale megliore della prima";
this inscription replaces a former one, which read:
"La Carta megliore del India Occidentale." It
covers the same area as the preceding map, but
our coast has a truer aspect, and might be called
fairly accurate, except that it has no indication of
the discoveries of Hudson or of his followers.
We find on it "Virginia di Inghilterra gia abando-
nata," with "Roanoac" and "Croatoan" and,
along the coast of Maine, "La Verginia habitata
d'Inglese."
This map is endorsed in lead-pencil, in Dudley's
own hand-writing: "Questi sono superfluo et non
a mettere nell libro."
47-S by 75.5 centimetres.
(3). Munich MSS. Vol. II, No. 46 {verso). The
East Coast, from Georgia to Penobscott River.
In the north "II Golfo de Henrico Husdon" (sic).
Besides the old Spanish names, we find the
following: "La Florida scoperta da Francese,"
"La Virginia vechia 6 Windandecoia" (accompany-
ing a sketch of the coast taken from Wright's
map), "La Verginia nuoua posseduta d'Inglese" —
near a large bay: "B. Chesipioc." From this
bay the coast stretches from west to east, as far as
"C. di P. Arenas," where it bends north. At this
cape Dudley has written in lead-pencil the signifi-
cant words: "Sta bene," which, of course, proves
that, at the moment when this map was made,
he still approved the erroneous old cartographical
representation of this region.
On the engraved maps in the Arcano, he identified
C. de las Arenas with C. May. Near the Penob-
scott River, there is still found the inscription:
"La Nuoua Ingh" posseduta d'Inglese."
47.5 by 38 centimetres.
JANSSONIUS'S MAP OF NORTH AMERICA
(1636). — "America Septentrionalis. Amstelodami,
excudit Joannes Janssonius."
Engraved, on paper.
46 by 55 centimetres.
Published for the first time in the English edition
of the Mercator Hondius Atlas, 1636, and in:
Janssonius's Atlas, edition of 1638 and later
editions.
The delineation of New Netherland has some
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
149
C. PI. 36 interest, New York Bay is prominently drawn.
Page 99 Manhattan has its long, narrow form, and bears
the name "Manhates," and Block's island is not
represented, although the name is applied to the
eastern extremity of Long Island.
The names given are: "Novum Belgium," "C.
Hinlopen," "Zuiit Reuier," "Sewapois," "Min-
quaeis," "Sankikans," "Eiierhaven," "Coioiuta-
haga," "Sennecas," "Renselaers hoeck," "God-
dins Punt," "Coenrads Bay," "Staten lant,"
"Pawen Bay," "Verckens eylant," "I. Matou-
waes," "Blocs eylant," "Manhates," "Noort R.,"
"Fort Orange" (indicated by the usual sign for a
fort), "Quiropey," "Sequins," "Pequatos," "Wa-
panoos," "Egmouth," "Roockes I," "Malebarre,"
"C. Cod." "Zand Banck."
Page 81 J. AZ. COLOM'S PASCAERTE, jdjp.— Same
title as that of 163 1, and printed from the same
copper-plate; only the date is changed.
Engraved, on vellum, and coloured by hand.
Same dimensions as the map of 163 1.
Imperfect copy in the collection of Jhr. J. W. Six,
The Hague.
Reference: Catalogue of Maps and Atlases,
XVth-XIXth Cent. Amsterdam, Frederik Muller
& Co. (1906), No. 629. No reproductions exist.
Page^la- MANUSCRIPT CHART OF JOHANNES
BLAEU, 1639. — "West Indische Paskaert verto-
nende (behalven Europaes zuydelycste) alle de
Zeekusten van Africa en America, begrepen in 't
Octroy by de H. M. H. Staten generael der
vereenichde Nederlande verleent aende generale
West Indische Compagnie. Mitsgaders die van
Peru en Chili, inde groote Zuyd-Zee. t' Am-
sterdam by Johannem Blaeuw. Anno 1639."
Manuscript chart of the eastern coasts of North
America from Newfoundland southward, including
the entire coastline of Central and South America
and the western coasts of Africa and Europe, as
well as England and Ireland.
Drawn in colours, on vellum.
95 by 115 centimetres.
Destroyed by fire.
This map is described and reproduced in the
Catalogue de Manuscrits et de Limes provenant des
Collections Baron Van den Bogaerde de Heeswyk,
Jhr. Dr. J. P. Six a Amsterdam, etc. Seconde
partie. Vente 9-11 mai 1901. Amsterdam, Frederik
Muller & Cie. No. 142 1. It was sent over to
Philadelphia, where it was destroyed by fire.
(See: Catalogne of Maps and Atlases, XVth-XIXth
Cent. Amsterdam, Frederik Muller & Co., 1906,
No. 629a.)
From the reproduction and description, it ap-
pears that the New Netherland portion followed
the first Paskaart of W. Jz. Blaeu, and had still
" t Fort Nassau." It was issued by the son of W. Jz.
Blaeu, one year after the death of his father, and C. PI. 36
was intended, perhaps, to open a new period. Page 132
He probably followed some Spanish chart or
charts, and added details taken from his father's
map. For New Netherland this map supplies no
new information.
In Frederik Muller & Co.'s Catalogue for 1901,
it is spoken of as the prototype of the series of
paskaarten of the Atlantic Ocean which we are
about to describe, but, after W. Jz. Blaeu's first
Paskaart was found, this statement was corrected —
in Mullet's Catalogue de Geographie, etc., 1910,
No. 331.
Reference: Besides the two catalogues cited
above: Woodbury Lowery, The Lowery Collection.
A descriptive List of Maps of the Spanish Posses-
sions within the present Limits of the United States,
IS02-I820. Edited, with notes, by P. Lee Phillips.
Washington, 1912. No. 119.
Reproductions: The entire map, reduced, as
frontispiece in the above mentioned catalogue of
1901.
JOHN DANIEL'S CHART, j(5jp.— Chart of C.PI.34
the Atlantic coasts of North America, Central Page 96
America, Guyana, the North of Brazil, Europe,
and Africa as far up as the coast of Guinea. With
the inscription: "This Piatt was made By John
Daniel in S' Katherine Neare unto the Iron gate
by the Tower of London A: Dom: 1639."
Drawn in colours, on vellum.
71 by 96 centimetres.
Florence, Portulano No. 13 of the Biblioteca
Palatina (in the Biblioteca nazionale).
Several other maps, drawn on vellum by the
same cartographer, have come to our knowledge.
In the Biblioteca Palatina, for instance, the fol-
lowing are preserved:
North-polar regions. 1637. 54 by 78 cent.
(Port. 14.)
East Indian Archipelago. 1637. 65 by 51 cent.
(Port. 12.)
Europe, Africa and Brazil. 1637. 109 by 72
cent. (Port. 8.)
Indian Ocean. 1637. 79 by 92 cent. (Port 10.)
Pacific and Western coasts of America. 1639.
89 by 70 cent. (Port. 24.)
Pacific and "Nova Albion." 1639. 71 by 90
cent. (Port. 23.)
All of these probably belonged originally to the
collection of Robert Dudley.
Mr. J. A. J. de Villiers, the Director of the
Division of Manuscripts and Maps in the British
Museum, informs me that there is also in the
Museum (Add. MS. 5415 c. I.) a chart on vellum
by the same "John Daniell, in St. Katherins,"
representing the western coasts of Europe and
Africa, with the eastern coast of South America,
15°
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
C. PI. 34 and dated 1614, March. (Dimensions 3 feet
Page 96 3 inch, by 2 ft. 2 in.)
Daniel is also mentioned as the author of maps
in 1612 and 1613, and it will be remembered that
we have ventured with some confidence to ascribe
to him the original of the Velasco Map. (See
pages 57, 97, 99.)
Catalogued, briefly, under the wrong name of
"Darnell" in: Studi biografici e bibliografici siilla
storia della geografia in Italia. Vol. II per G.
Uzielli e P. Amat di S. Filippo. Ed. 2a. Roma,
1882, p. 273.
Reproduced for the first time, in part only,
reduced, on C. PI. 34.
C. PI. 38 BUCHELIUS'S CHART (<r. 1640) (Copied from
Page 1 13 an original of c. 1630, probably drawn by Minuit
and belonging to the same series as his maps of
New Netherland and Hudson River: C. Pis.
39, 40, page 148.) — Rough sketch of the coast
from Delaware Bay to New York Bay, including
Manhattan Island, Staten Island, and the most
westerly portion of Long Island.
Drawn in colours, on paper.
12 by 19 centimetres.
Included in a volume of MS. notes, by Buchelius,
relating to the Dutch West and East India Com-
panies (No. 2I2B Koloniaal Archief).
The Hague, State Archives.
On the map is the following inscription in the
autograph of Buchelius:
"Ick hebbe gesien in seecker boeck byde hant
va een die het comando in nieu Neerlant ofte
Hollant gehadt hadde de baye vant lant aldaer
de onse eenige colonien gebout hebben, aldus:
siet s.": — "I have seen in a certain book by the
hand of one who had had the command in New
Netherland or Holland the bay of the land where
our people have built [established] some colonies,
thus: see s (an expression which I am unable
satisfactorily to explain).
Manhattan Island is coloured green, the coast
of Long Island green and yellow, the other islands
yellow, and the mainland green, except the
country to the left of "Pauwe bay," which is
green and yellow.
The reader is referred to the detailed description
of J. H. Innes in: Jameson's Narratives of New
Netherlandyznd to the Iconography, PI. 2. I will add
here only a few brief remarks. The semi-circular
mark near "De cleine rivier" is really a water
stain, and nothing more. The representation of
Manhattan and its environment on this rough
sketch pretends to too little accuracy to admit
of inferences of any value being drawn from a
comparison with the Hartgers View. The fact
that this view is reversed need not necessarily
mean that it was made with a camera obscura.
but is more probably due to the laziness of theC. PI. 38
engraver: even Rembrandt often fell into thisPageli3
habit in transferring his drawings to copper.
Many views and plans of the XVIIth century,
and even some maps, are found reversed, having
been copied on the copper-plate from the original
drawing without reversing. When printed from the
copper, the engravings, of course, became reversed.
While agreeing with Innes that this sketch was
copied from a map by Minuit, I must, neverthe-
less remark that the spelling of the names is not
German, but good old Dutch, which is not strange,
as the spelling is that of Buchelius, who made the
sketch, and not that of the man who drew the
original. "Bay," "cleine" and "Conratz" are the
usual Dutch spelling. Nor can I agree to Innes's
suggestion that the "Wilhelmus Rivier" was so
called after Willem Usselinx, projector of the
Swedish West India Company, a suggestion which
is in contradiction with Innes's own dating of the
original at 1631-32, as the Swedes first came to
the Delaware in 1637.
Reference: Found by Johannes de Hullu, it
is described by J. H. Innes in Narratives of New
Netherland, 1609-1664, edited by J. F. Jameson.
New York, 1909, pp. ix-xiii.
Reproductions: Half-tone, reduced, as frontis-
piece in: Nar. of New Netherland; full size, C. PI.
38.
SANCHEZ'S MAP, 1641.— Map of the eastern C. PI. 46
coast of North America. Page 125
Drawn in colours, on vellum.
46 by 66 centimetres.
Den Haag, MS. 129 A 25, Koninklyke
Bibliotheek.
One of the 30 maps of a beautiful sea-atlas;
all of which are drawn in colours on vellum. One
of the other maps is signed "Antonio Sanchez a
fes em Lixboa 1641."
In the work of Sousa Viterbo, Trabalhos nanticos
dos Portuguezes nos Seculos XFI' XVII. Lisboa,
1898, the author of this atlas is not mentioned,
but, on p. 281 of Vol. I, a map drawn on vellum is
mentioned, signed "Cyprian Sanchez em Lix^
1596," and another, by Domingos Sanches "em
Lisboa 1618." It is possible that Sanchez was the
name of a firm dealing in sea-charts, and that
Cyprian, Domingos, and our Antonio were, succes-
sively, at the head of the firm.
Described here for the first time.
Reproduction: The New Netherland portion,
full size, C. PI. 46.
ANTHONY JACOBSZ'S REPRINT OF Page ^
BLAEU'S SECOND WEST-INDISCHE PAS- ^g
KAERT. No date (after 1643). — Same title, with-
out the name of Blaeu, but, instead, the name
Q
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
iSi
C. E1^^6"A. Jacobsz." A separate vignette, in the upper
Pagel2S left hand corner, has the address: "t'Amstelredam
by Anthony Jacobsz op 't Water inde Loots-
man. En Ambsterdam chez Anthoine Jacques sur
I'Eau au Matelot."
Engraved, and printed on vellum, coloured by
hand. Same dimensions as the other charts of
this series.
N. Y. Public Library. (From the collec-
tion of E. B. O'Callaghan.)
Of the set of eight reprints of Blaeu's second
West-Indische Paskaert (see page 144), O'Calla-
ghan knew only this one, by Anthony Jacobsz,
and, not being aware of the fact that this Jacobsz
was not in business as a publisher in Amsterdam
at so early a date, he assigned to this map the
date 1621, the year of the incorporation of the
West India Company, whose possessions it por-
trayed; and he reproduced the North American
portion of it in the Documents relating to the
Colonial History of New York, 1856, Vol. II, add-
ing in the reproduction the hypothetical date
1621 (which, however, he included within brack-
ets), despite the fact that on the coast of
southern Chili, this map has the name "Brouwers-
haven," bestowed by Hendrick Brouwer, a Dutch
navigator, who explored the coast of Chili in
1643, and whose journal was printed for the
first time in l646.[']
By this error of O'Callaghan's, the map of
Anthony Jacobsz. long enjoyed the reputation of
being the oldest printed map delineating the
vicinity of modern New York, whereas, in reality,
it deserves only a very inferior place in the car-
tography of this region.
O'Callaghan's mistake was first explained to the
public in the Catalogue de Manuscrits et de Livres
provenant des Collections Van den Bogaerde de
Heeswyk, J. P. Six a Amsterdam, etc., Seconde
pariie. Amsterdam, Frederik Muller & Cie.,
vente 9-11 mai l90l,"Nos. 1421 and 1423, where
it is stated that this map was copied from the chart
I ftf of Pieter Goos (described on page^^o), and that
both are based on J. Blaeu's MS. West-Indische-
Itf-c Paskaert, dated 1639. (See page 155.) This latter
statement, however, must be modified, since we
now know that the chart of Willem Blaeu (de-
scribed on page 144), is the prototype of all the
different reprints.
Anthony Jacobsz, (called also Theunis Jacobsz),
was the author of a sea-atlas, with the title: '/
Nieuwe en vergroote Zeeboeck, Amstelredam, J.
Theunisz, 1653.
This error of O'Callaghan's has spread in Ameri-
can literature, and we find the Jacobsz Chart
mentioned as the oldest printed map of New
Netherland, even in recent works; Winsor, for
[1] H. Brouwer, Journael . . . van dc Rcysc . . . naar de custeo
van Chili, in 1643 . . . Amsterdam, Broer Jansz. 1646. 4".
e.xample {Nar. and Crit. Hist., Vol. IV, p. 434), C. PI. 46
says that it bears the facsimile of the seal of thePagei2S
West India Company; I have not been able to
understand which ornament on the map he mis-
took for this seal.
Henry Harrisse, who, in American cartography,
ranks as an author possessed of the sharpest dis-
cernment, evidently suspected something wrong,
for he notes, with some astonishment, that
Jacobsz's chart has three English names, in New-
foundland, even before the appearance of Briggs's
map, published in 1625. [']
References: J. Winsor, Nar. and Crit. Hist.,
Vol. IV, p. 434. (Based on O'Callaghan, but
omitting the many references that do not give
original information.)
J. Winsor, The Kohl Collection of Early Maps
(No. 19 of Bibliographical Contributions; Library
of Harvard University. 1886, p. 37). Based on
O'Callaghan.
Mullet's Catalogue, f)-!! May, 1901, Nos. 1421
and 1423. (See above.)
P. Lee Phillips, The Lowery Collection, a De-
scriptive List of Maps of the Spanish Possessions
within the Present Limits of the United States,
1 502-1820; by Woodbury Lowery, Washington,
1912, p. 119 (based on O'Callaghan). "Loots-
man" (a pilot), mentioned by Phillips as indicating
the occupation of Jacobsz, is really the name of a
Dutch family, other than that of Jacobsz.
Idem, p. 144 (after Muller's Catalogue, men-
tioned above.)
Reproductions: The North American part,
full size, lithographed by F. D'Avignon, New York,
and coloured by hand (described above); as a
frontispiece to the Documents relating to the Colonial
History of New York procured by J. R. Brodhead,
ed. E. B. O'Callaghan. Vol. I. Albany, 1856. In the
lower right hand corner, O'Callaghan has introduced
a vignette of his own invention, in which he has
inscribed the title of the original, to which he has
added some words at the beginning and at the end.
These additions are: "Americae Septentrionalis
pars." [From the West Indische Paskaert etc.];
and, at the end, after the words of the original:
"Beschreven door A. Jacobsz," the date (1621).
Under the vignette are the words: "From the orig-
inal on vellum in the collection of E. B. O'Calla-
ghan, LL.D."
The Nova-Francia portion, in outline, in J.
Winsor, Nar. and Crit. Hist., Vol. IV, p. 383.
SECOND ANTHONY JACOBSZ. MAP.— C. Pis. 28
No date (after 1643). "Paskaerte van West- 29
Indien, begrypende De Zeekusten van 't Zuyd- Page 78
lickste deel van Europa, als mede van Africa en
America begrepen int Octroy by de E. E. H. M.
[1] H. Harrisse, DccouverU dt Terre Ncu^e. Paris, 1900. p. 306.
IS2
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
C.PIS.28H. Staten Generael der vereenichde Neder-Ianden,
29 verleent aende generale West-Indische Compagnie.
Page 78 Mitsgaders Die van Peru en Chili inde groote
zuyd-zee. Beschreven door Anthony Jacobsz."
This title is found in a cartouche on the right
hand side of the map. In the upper left hand
corner is another vignette, with the address:
"t'Amsterdam by Anthony Jacobsz Opt Water
inde Lootsman. En Ambsterdam chez Anthoine
Jacqves Sur I'Eau au Matelot."
Engraved, on vellum, coloured by hand.
72 by 91.5 centimetres.
Paris, Archives du Depot des Cartes de
la Marine.
An entirely unknown map by Anthony Jacobsz;
printed from a copper-plate other than the one
used for the well known map of this author. The
greatest difference occurs in the delineation of
South America. On the first map, the coasts south
of Rio de la Plata are given on an inset, in order
not to extend the main map too much at the
bottom, and the representation includes Terra del
Fuego and the Strait of Le Maire. On this
second map there is no inset, but South America
is represented on the main map. It is cut just
above the Strait of Magellan, which, therefore,
is not shown.
In other respects, including the New Nether-
land portion, this map gives the same repre-
sentation as the first Anthony Jacobsz. Map. Only
two names, "Gesellen" and "Vlacke hoeck," are
omitted. Both "Brouwershaven," in Chili, and
"Tafelbay," in South Africa, are included on this
map.
See, for other reprints of Blaeu's second Pas-
kaert, page 144.
Described and reproduced here for the first
time.
Reproductions: The entire map, reduced,
C. PI. 29.
The New Netherland part, full size, C. PI. 28.
C.PI.34 NICHOLAS COMBERFORD'S CHART.
Page 96 1646. — Chart of the Atlantic coasts of North
America, Central America, Guyana, the North
of Brazil, Europe, and Africa, as far as the coast
of Guinea. With the inscription: "Made by
Nicholas Comberford Dwelling Neare to the West
End of the Schoole House at thee Signe of the Piatt
in Radcliffe Anno 1646."
Drawn in colours and gold, on vellum.
72 by 100 centimetres.
Florence, Portulano No. 2; of the Biblio-
teca Palatina (in the Biblioteca na-
zionale).
Probably from Dudley's collection.
Of Comberford, the author of this map, all we
know is the information, kindly supplied by Mr. de
Villiers, that the British Museum possesses the C. PI. 34
following charts bearing his name and address. Page 96
and all drawn on vellum:
Atlantic coasts of Europe, Africa, and America.
1657. 2 feet ^yi inches by i foot 10 in. (Add.
MS. 5414. art. 13.)
Black Sea, Archipelago, Adriatic and Mediter-
ranean. 1657. 3 ft. 8 in. by 2 ft. (Add. MS.
5415. c. 2.)
The same, with the coast of Portugal. 1664.
4 ft. 2 in. by 2 ft. (Add. MS. 5414. art. 8.)
Atlantic coasts of Europe, Africa, and South
America. 1664. 3 ft. 5 in. by 2 ft. 4>^ in. (Add.
MS. 5414. art. 12.)
Indian Ocean. (Date rubbed out.) 3 ft. by 2
ft. c,}i in. (Add. MS. 5414. art. 11.)
Catalogued briefly in: Uzielli e Amat, already
cited, p. 274.
Reproduced for the first time, in part only,
reduced, on C. PI. 34.
DUDLEY'S CARTA SECONDA GENERALE C.PI.37
(1646). — "Carta seconda Generale del' America. Page 99
XXII. L° 2°. A. F. Lucini Fece." Engraved for,
and inserted in the "Libro secondo" of Rob.
Dudley's Dell'Arcano del Mare. Firenze, 1646,
between pp. 56 and 57.
45 ^y 37-S centimetres.
Various libraries, Mr. Stokes's Collection, etc.
Dudley's work contains a chapter, accompany-
ing this map, entitled: "Portolano Tredicesimo
dell'Autore, della terra ferma dell' America Set-
tentrionale, quale comincia con il Capo della
Florida. Cap. XVIII." It is found on pp. 56 to
58 of the Libro secondo, and gives a short descrip-
tion of the coast as delineated on the map.
Reproduction: The entire map, reduced, on
C. PI. 37.
JANSSONIUS'S REPRINT OF DE LAET'S Page 88
MAP, SECOND STATE (/d^/).— "Nova Belgica
et Anglia Nova. Amstelodami Johannes Jans-
sonius Excudit." No date.
Represents the same area as De Laet's map.
Engraved, on paper.
39 by JO centimetres.
Printed for the first time in the third vol. of
Janssonius's Atlas, published at Amsterdam in
1647. (Copy in the Library of the Royal Dutch
Geographical Society, Amsterdam.) A proof-
impression, without text on the back, is described
in Frederik Muller & Co.'s Catalogue Geographie-
Voyages, etc., 1910, No. 798.
For description of first state, see page 150.
This second state has another title, engraved
in a cartouche having the figures of an Indian
man and woman, one on each side, and the arms
of Holland above. This cartouche covers an effaced
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
153
Page 88 vignette, belonging to the first state, and is copied
from Blaeu's map of New Netherland (1635).
From the same map are taken six small vignettes,
an Indian village, a couple of bears, a beaver,
etc., etc.
C. PI. 37 DUDLEY'S CARTA PARTICOLARE {1648).
Page 100 — "Carta particolare della nuoua Belgia e parte
della nuoua Anglia. La longitudine Cominca da
risola di Pico d'Asores. D'America Carta IL
L°. 6°. A. F. Lucini Fece."
Engraved for, and inserted in the sixth volume
of Rob. Dudley's Dell'Arcano del Mare. Firenze;
date on title 1647, but probably published in
1648.
4S-S t'y 38 centimetres. Various libraries; Mr.
Stokes's Collection, etc.
Reproductions: The entire map, full size,
lithograph (" Pease Lith., Albany,") in : E. B.O'Cal-
laghan, Documentary History of the State of New
York, Albany, 1849. Frontispiece to Vol. L
The entire map, reduced, C. PI. 37.
Part only, process print, reduced, in Winsor,
Nar. and Crit. Hist., Vol. Ill, p. 303.
J. BLAEU'S LARGE MAP OF THE WORLD
{164S). — "Nova totius terrarum orbis tabula."
(Amsterdam) Jo. Blaeu; without date, but with
dedication to Gasparo de Bracamonte et Guzman,
Spanish plenipotentiary to the Peace Congress at
Munster, in 1648.
Complete copy, on 21 sheets, surrounded by a
broad border; described in Catalogue of Books,
Maps, Plates on America. Amsterdam, Frederik
Muller, 1875, Part III, No. 1964, where the
dimensions are given as 171 by 303 centimetres;
and again in his Catalogue of 1877, No. 346.
Copy without the border (which has been cut
off); diameter of each hemisphere 145 centi-
metres; in the map room of the British Museum;
bound in an elephant folio volume containing a
collection of early maps, and known as the Klencke
Atlas.
In the delineation of New Netherland, this map
retains the representation of the second West-
Indische Paskaert of W. Jz. Blaeu, father of Joh.
Blaeu: There is no indication of Delaware Bay,
but instead appears "C. de las Arenas"; Sandy-
Hook is called "Sandtpunt," and is exaggerated
in form; Manhattan Island is clearly delineated,
in its primitive triangular form, but does not bear
a name, nor is Nieuw Amsterdam indicated.
"Hellegat" is so named. Hudson River is called
"R. Mauritio." Inland, the map follows W. Jz.
Blaeu's globe; it has the lakes from Champlain's
map, including "Lac des Irocois," west of the
Hudson.
A new feature on this world-map is the indica-
tion of the boundaries of New Netherland. There
seems to be no earlier engraved map having these C, PI. 37
boundaries. They start south of Sandy Hook, Page 100
enclose the Hudson River, and extend to "Gr.
Willems bay" (modern Casco Bay).
This map, which may be ascribed to 1648, from
the fact that it is dedicated by Blaeu to one of
the plenipotentiaries at the Peace Congress of
Munster held in that year, evidently is not the
prototype of the Janssonius-Visscher Map, nor
of the Minuit Map of New Netherland, as it
reproduces, in the delineation of the East Coast,
the cartography of the earliest Dutch period of
surveying, and is thus "a mere reproduction of
Blaeu's former labours," and not "a fair standard
of the knowledge up to the day of the publication,"
as Frederik Muller asserted in his catalogue de-
scription— speaking, however, of the entire map.
No reproductions; but described in Mullet's
Catalogue cited above. See also Vol. I., PI. 7,
-a and -b.
THE JANSSONIUS-VISSCHER MAPS {c.
i6§o). — For reproductions and descriptions of
this important family of maps, see Vol. I, Pis.
7, -a and -b, and 7-A.
DOMINA VIRGINIA FARRER'S MAP OF C. PI. 47
VIRGINIA, i6si.—"\ mapp of Virginia dis-
couered to y"^ Hills, and in it's Latt: From 35 deg:
& }4 neer Florida, to .41 deg: bounds of new
England. — Domina Virginia Farrer Collegit Are
sold by I. Stephenson at y'^ Sunn below Ludgate.
1651. — John Goddard sculp." Map of Virginia
and a part of New Netherland.
Engraved, and inserted in the third edition of:
Virginia, richly and truly valued, by Edward
Williams, London, printed for John Stephenson.
1651.
25 by 32 centimetres.
Various libraries, inch Library of Con-
gress, N. Y. Public Library, etc.
The representation of the Delaware and Hudson
Rivers is primitive and distorted; they are in-
troduced simply as adjuncts to Virginia, which
is fairly well delineated. Manhattan Island is
not expressed; the Hudson is called "Hudsons
Riuer," and is connected with "Canada flu":
"A Mighty great Lake," separated from it by a
narrow strip of land, ends in "The Sea of China
and the Indies," which is adorned with the portrait
of Drake. An inscription tells us that this sea
could be reached from Virginia in ten days' march.
Along the Hudson the Dutch are mentioned:
"This Riuer the Duch haue a plantation and A
great trade of Furrs" and again, near "Fort
Orang," is a "Holla[n]d Planta[tion]".
P. Lee Phillips, List of Maps of America in the
Library of Congress, Washington, 1901, p. 978,
154
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
C. PI. 47 mentions an edition having "Falls" in the title,
instead of "Hills," and another with the date 1671.
Reproductions: Reduced, C. PI. 47; and in J.
Winsor, Nar. and Crit. Hist., Vol. Ill, p. 465 (from
the copy in the possession of John Cadwalader,
Esq., of Philadelphia).
C. PI. 48 ARNOLD COLOM'S CHART (before 1653 ?).—
"Pascaarte van Nieu Nederlandt uytgegeven door
Arnold Colom. t' Amsterdam opt Water by de
Nieuwe brugh in de Lichtende Colom." Chart
of the coasts from "R. Sorravahi," south of
Chesapeake Bay, to C. Ann.
Engraved, on paper.
54.5 by 63.5 centimetres.
Amsterdam, University Library.
Map, No. 16, of: Arnold Colom's Zee-atlas,
ojte water-wereldi, inhoudende een korte beschryvinge
van alle de bekende zee-kusten des aardtrycks.
Nieuwelycks uyt-ghegheven t' Amsterdam, Op 't
Water, by de Niewwen-brugh, inde Lichtende Colom.
For the date, see the next item.
A good map of the coast, with all the inlets,
soundings, etc. "Manhattans," "Nieuw Am-
sterdam," and "Staten Eylant" are designated.
, The Hudson is shown from its source above Fort
Orange.
Reproduction, reduced, C. PI. 48.
THEUNIS (ANTHONY) JACOBSZ'S MAP
OF NEW NETHERLAND (c. 7655).— "Pas-
caerte van Nieu Nederlant, Virginies, Nieu
Engelant en Nova Francia, von C. of Faire tot
C. Forchu, Amsterdam. By Theunis lacobsz op
't water inde Lootsman."
Engraved and coloured by hand.
43 by 53.5 centimetres.
Amsterdam, University Library.
A reprint of Arnold Colom's chart, roughly
executed; Long Island is divided into two islands,
and Manhattan Island, which is much too large,
bears the inscription: "Nieu Amsterdam ofte
Manhates."
This map is found in a small volume in old
vellum binding, together with some maps by
Frederik de Wit, dated 1653, and apparently pub-
lished at the same time.
DONCKER'S REPRINT OF BLAEU'S SEC-
OND WEST-INDISCHE PASKAERT. 1659.—
Same title, without the name of Blaeu, but with
the address: " t' Amsterdam, by Hendrick Doncker
inde Nieubrugsteegh A° 1659."
Engraved, on vellum. Same dimensions.
British Museum.
See list of reprints of this Paskaert of Blaeu's,
given on page 144.
DONCKER'S REPRINT, WITHOUT DATE. C. PI. 48
Engraved, on vellum. Same dimensions.
Paris, Archives du Depot des Cartes de
la Marine.
The upper left hand portion only (with New
Netherland): University-Library, Leyden.
See list of reprints of this Paskaert of Blaeu's,
given on page 144.
J. BLAEU'S NORTH AMERICA, 1659.—
"America Septentrionalis Amstelaedami, loannes
Blaeu Excudebat, 1659."
Large engraved map, on six folio sheets of paper,
with several pages of text.
British Museum; Bibliotheque Nationale.
Though Manhattan Island is not delineated,
the name "Manathas" appears, and "Nieu Am-
sterdam" is indicated by the usual town sign,
placed near the mouth, and on the eastern bank of
the Hudson, which is here called the "Mauritius
Riv." and the "Noort R." The following names
in the vicinity of Manhattan Island are interesting,
as they do not all occur on earlier Blaeu maps:
"Beeren Eyl," "Pauwe Eyl.," "Coenraets bay,"
"Sand bay," "Bloemaerts P.," "Godins Punt,"
"Renselaers hoeck."
This map, also, has the boundaries of New Neth-
erland, indicated by engraved lines. These bound-
aries include all the land from the west of Delaware
Bay to Naraganset Bay, and from the sea to
beyond the source of the Hudson. It is interesting
to compare these with the boundaries shown on
J. Blaeu's large world-map, ascribed to 1648.
On the map now being described, they have retired
to the west, leaving out New England, which was
included on Blaeu's world-map; but, on the other
side, they include the country from Sandy Hook
to Delaware Bay, which latter, it will be remem-
bered, is lacking on Blaeu's world-map.
No reproductions.
Reference: Cited by J. Winsor, in Nar. and
Crit. Hist., IV: 375.
PIETER GOOS'S reprint OF BLAEU'S
SECOND WEST-INDISCHE PASKAERT
No date (f. 1660). — Same title, without Blaeu's
name, but, in the upper left hand corner, a vignette
is added, with the address: "Gedruckt t'Amster-
dam by Pieter Goos op t'Water inde Vergulde
zeespiegel."
Engraved, on vellum, coloured by hand.
78 by 98 centimetres.
Library of the Royal Dutch Geographical So-
ciety. Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. Archives du
Depot des Cartes de la Marine, Paris.
The upper left-hand part (with New Netherland):
Leyden, University Library.
References: Catalogue de Manuscrits et de
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
iSS
C.PI.48 Livres provenant des Collections Baron Fan den
Bogaerde de Heeswyk, Jhr. Dr. J. P. Six, a Am-
sterdam, etc. Frederik Muller & Cie, vente 9-1 1
mai 1901. Vol. II, No. 1422. (It is here de-
scribed as based upon Joannes Blaeu's MS. chart
of 1639, and is dated c. 1640-46, because it does
not contain the name "Brouwershaven." This
name, however, is found onlj' on the two maps of
Anthony Jacobsz; all the other reprints of Blaeu's
second chart omitting it, even the Van Keulen
reprint, published c. 1710.) See a list of these
reprints on page 144.
Geographie, Voyages, Cartographie. Nouvelles
Acquisitions. Catalogue a prix marques. Am-
sterdam, Frederik Muller & Cie. 191 1, No. 413 1.
(It is here, also, described as based upon the MS.
chart of Joannes Blaeu, 1639.)
C. PI 46 RUESTA'S MAP {c. /6(5o).— Manuscript chart
Page 125 of the east coast of North America, from Cuba and
the Gulf of Mexico to about the Penobscott.
Pen and ink drawing, in red and black, on paper.
32 by 43.5 centimetres.
British Museum, Sloane MS. S027A, No. 45.
This map belongs to a collection of odd maps,
mostly Dutch, but some Spanish, or with Spanish
additions, drawn on paper and on vellum, and
bound together by Sloane. On the back of this
map the following inscription occurs: "Pat-
roonen tot de Spaenssche Westindische Caert
van Sebastian de Ruesto gedediceert aen zyn
Excell"- Conto de Penarando." — "Models for
the Spanish West-Indian Map of Sebastian de
Ruesto dedicated to His Excellency Conto de Pefia-
rando."
A series of these maps, representing the West and
East Indies, and all executed in the same style,
on paper, are apparently of Dutch origin, but
have corrections by a Spanish cartographer.
The first map of this set has a scale of leagues
in Dutch and the following Spanish title:
"Carta nautica del Mar, Costas, y Islas de las
Yndias Occidentals, emendada por Sebastian de
Ruesta, natural de la Ciudad de Carago^a, cos-
mographo fabricador de Ynstrumentos matema-
ticos, por su-M*^ en la Casa de la Contractacion
de la ciudad de Sevilla, adjustada de diferentes
papeles y noticias de pilotes practicos y versados
en aquellas costas. Examinada, Corregida y
Consultada por los Senores presidente y jueces de
la dicha Casa de Contra tacion, siendo su Presidente
el senor Don Pedro Nino de Gusman conde de
Villa Umbrosa y Castro nuevo. Marques de
Quintana, del Consejo de Castilla, Asistente y M°
de Campo Genal de la dicha Ciudad de Sevilla."
On another map in this set, representing
"'t Siompa,"we read:"Dit Patroongemaeckt naert
Ontwerp van I. Alberts Ontiverp, in plaets van
D. verpackte in myn absentie ao 46 in April
dupl."— "This Model made after the Sketch of C. PI. 46
I. Alberts' Sketch, instead of the one packed (.')in Page 125
my absence anno 46 in April duplicate."
These two inscriptions show the significance of
the series of maps to which ours belongs: they are
sketches made by some Dutchman, who sold them
to the famous Casa de Contratacion, in Seville,
the clearing-house for information for Spanish
navigators — a case of treachery! This institution
caused them to be used by Ruesta, the official
cartographer or Pilot-major in constructing a
new map of America.
The Count of Villahumbrosa was president of the
Casa de Contratacion from 15 Nov., 1654, to 19
Dec, 1662, so that the revision must have taken
place during these years.
References: The map is described here for the
first time; see also page 125. The collection to
which it belongs is mentioned by Rio Branco, who
reproduced another map from the set in: "Fronti-
ieres entre le Bresil et la Guyane Fran^aise"
(cited above); No. 14.
Reproduction: The New Netherland portion,
full size, C. PI. 46.
HENDRICK DONCKER, /(5(5o.— "Pascaert
van Nieu Nederland, Virginia en Nieu Engelant.
Nieulycx uytgegeven t' Amsterdam By Hendrick
Doncker Boekverkooper en Graedbooghmaker,
Inde Nieubrugsteegh In 't Stuurmans Gereetschap.
1660."
Engraved, on paper, coloured by hand.
44-S by 54.5 centimetres.
Amsterdam, University Library, etc.
Contained in Doncker's Sea-Atlas: De Zee-atlas
ofte Waterwaereld. Amsterdam, Hendrik Doncker,
1660.
A reprint of Am. Colom's map with some modi-
fications and omissions of little importance. (See •^
page 160.) '
HUGO ALLARDT'S MAP OF THE WORLD, Page 45
DEDICATED TO CHARLES II KING OF
ENGLAND (/dd^).— "Nova totius terrarum
orbis tabula." Beneath, a dedication to Charles
II: "Carolo II D. G. Angliae, Schotiae, Franciae
et Hiberniae Regi Hanc orbis terrarum novam
tabulam geographice dcscriptam D. C. Q. Hugo
Allardt." A vignette is signed: "I Troyon fe."
Engraved, on 7 sheets of paper, measuring
together 97.5 by 158 centimetres.
Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale.
This map, published by the Amsterdam carto-
grapher Hugo Allardt, was dedicated to Charles II,
probably during his stay in Holland in 1662.
It is the first Dutch map after that of Athanasius
Inga (see pp. 45, 96), to give the name of "Hud-
sons R." Besides this name, English influence is
156
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Page 45 seen in some of the names in the vicinity of Man-
hattan Island: — "Delawarbay," "Plymouth,"
"Elisabeths I," "Marthas Viniard," and "C.
Codd." This English influence on a Dutch map
of this period is worthy of note.
It has the discoveries of Tasman, in Australia
and the Pacific. (1642-44.)
C.Pl.so JOSEPH MOXON'S MAP, /(56./.— "Americae,
Septentrionalis Pars:" Chart of the Coasts of
North America from Newfoundland to the Gulf of
Mexico, including Yucatan, Cuba, St. Domingo,
and adjacent islands, and with the address: "Lon-
don Sold by Joseph Moxon 1664."
Engraved, on paper, and issued separately.
38.3 by 45.8 centimetres.
The only known copy is in Mr. Stokes's Collec-
tion.
Probably the first map showing Manhattan
Island published after the English occupation,
and the first on which the name New York
appears.
It names also "Manhadas," "Westchester,"
"Fort Orange," and "Fort Nassaw," though the
last had been destroyed for many years.
A pencil note on the back of this chart sug-
gests that it may be "Part of A Large Map of
the World, 10 ft. x ; newly corrected price 50s.
June, 1670 . . ."
Reproduced and described here for the first
time.
C.PI.49 PIETER GOOS'S CHART, WITH COAT OF
ARMS {1666). — "Paskaerte van de Zuydt en
Noordt Revier in Nieu Nederlandt streckende van
Cabo Hinloopen tot Rechkewach." No address,
no date.
Engraved, on paper.
52 by 62 centimetres.
Published in Goos's Sea-atlas: " De Zee-Atlas
ojie waterwereld, waer in vertoont werden alle de
zee-kusten van het bekende des aerdbodems . . .
Gesneden, gedruckt en uytgegeven t'Amsteldam,
by Pieter Goos, op de Texelse Kay by de Sparen-
damerbrugh in de Zee-Spiegel. 1666. Folio.
Library of Congress, N. Y. Public Li-
brary, Mr. Stokes's Collection, etc.
A simple chart of the coasts from Delaware Bay
to "Rechkewach," on which, apparently, an
attempt was made to give only those details which,
in the opinion of the author, were definitely
established.
An interesting feature of this map is the vignette
containing the title. This vignette is embellished
with the coat of arms of the colony of Nieuwer
Amstel, on the Delaware. If we omit the beaver,
the arms are identical with those of the Dutch
village of Nieuwer Amstel, near Amsterdam.
These arms have been sometimes, erroneously, C. PI.49
described as belonging to New Amsterdam.
The copper-plate from which the map was
printed fell, later, into the hands of Johannes van
Keulen, the well known Dutch publisher of charts.
He effaced the map entirely, but retained the vig-
nette, on account of its decorative quality, and had
engraved upon the plate a chart of a portion of the
Baltic. The title of this map is: "Nieuwe pas-
kaert voor een gedeelte van de Oost Zee begin-
nende 2 my! beoosten Broklom. Amsterdam,
Joh. van Keulen." It is found in Van Keulen's
atlas entitled: De groote nieuwe vermeerderde zee-
atlas ofte waterwereld. Amsterdam, 1688.
Amsterdam, University Library.
References: G. M. Asher, List of Maps of
New Netherland, Amsterdam, 1855, p. 18, No. 24.
Reproduction: Reduced, C. PI. 49.
LE BOCAGE BOISAYE'S CHART, 1669.— C.PI.45
"Carte ronde ou reduite fort Necessaire A
tous Nauigateurs qui Desire trauailler Exatement
Po"^ la mer ce qui se congnoistra Par le carrier
Eschelle Angloise sinus logarithmes et tables
loxodromies, ou Ihauteur dicelle A Pris Grand soin
a la tracer et Grauer et a tire les longitudes et
latitudes des Plus Aprouues Auteurs du temps.
Par le BocageBoisaie Idrographe et Profeseur Roial
en la Nauigation au haure de Grace. Annee
1669." Large chart of the Atlantic, including
the American coasts from Newfoundland to Guy-
ana, and the coasts of Europe and Africa from
the South of England to the Coast of Guinea.
Engraved, on vellum, and hand-coloured.
58.5 by 91 centimetres.
Paris, Archives du Depot des Cartes de
la Marine.
This map, one of the few engraved charts of the
Atlantic published in France, follows, for our coast,
Blaeu's second West Indische Paskaert (p. 144), ^^
or rather, Anthony Jacobsz's Paskaert.
Described here, and reproduced, (C. PI. 45) for
the first time.
The same author published, in 1643, a map of
"Nouvelle France," which is now very rare. Copy
in N. Y. Pub. Lib.
JACOB COLOM'S MAP OF NEW NETHER-
LAND, 1669. — Map without title, comprising
" Nieu-Nederlant," "Nieu-Engelant" and "Vir-
ginia," from "C. An" to "C. Henry," with inset
map of Virginia from "C. Charles" to "B. de
Asopo." The map has the address: "t' Amster-
dam. By lacob Colom."
Engraved, on paper.
37-5 by 53.5 centimetres.
Found in: Atlas maritime 0 Mundo Jguatico . . .
Novamente sacado aluz Por Jacob Colom. Insignia
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
C.P1.4S da Colonna Ardente En Amsterdam, 1669. Folio.
Madrid, Bibliotheca nacional, etc.
Designates "N. Amsterdam," but not Man-
hattan Island, and contains the names: "Staten
Eylant," "Kol," "Raritang," "Wickagick," "Bloe-
mars punt," "Bodines punt" (Godin's punt),
"Renselaers Hoeck," and "Langh Eylant."
C.PI.S2 JOHN SELLER (/d;^.?)— "A Mapp of New
England by John Seller Hydrographer To the
King And are to bee Sold at his Shop at the
Hermitage in Wapping And by lohn Hills in
Exchange Alley in Cornhill London." With
dedication to Robert Thomson.
Engraved, on paper, and forming part of John
Seller's Atlas Maritimus, or Sea-Atlas. London,
167s, which contains also "A Chart of the Sea
coasts of New England, New-Jersey, Virginia,
Maryland and Carolina. From C. Cod to C. Hat-
teras" and "A mapp of New Jarsey," with inset
view of New York.
42.6 by 54 centimetres.
(The atlas) Library of Congress, John
Carter Brown Library, Boston Public
Library, etc.
(The map) Mr. Stokes's Collection, etc.
An earlier edition of the map — probably an
unfinished proof copy, as it lacks the dedication,
and has only the outline of the coat of arms, and
a quite different scale of miles — is in the collection
of the late Mr. Frederick L. Gay, of Boston.
On the map here reproduced, the outline of the
western extremity of Long Island has been re-
drawn, and the lines of latitude and longitude
have been added, but these, apparently, are not
engraved.
The map gives the country from "States Island"
(Staten Island) to the estuary of the Penobscot.
The vignettes are, for the most part, copied from
theVisscher Map, or rather from Blaeu's 1635 map.
We may call special attention to the little vignette
shown on the map in the vicinity of Hadley,
which, perhaps, refers to the repulse of an Indian
attack made upon the settlers on September 1st,
167s, which repulse was led by the Regicide
GofFe. (See Increase Mather, A Brief History of
the Warr With the Indians in New England, Bos-
ton and London, 1676, and Gov. Hutchinson's
History of Massachusetts.)
If the vignette really depicts this episode, the
map and the atlas can hardly have been published
in 1675, though the title bears that date. Indeed,
Phillips has already pointed out the fact that
several of the maps are dated 1676 and 1677.
A List of Geographical Atlases, p. 235.
The same atlas contains an almost equally in-
teresting map, entitled "A Chart of the Sea coasts
of New-England New-Jarsey Virginia Maryland
157
and Carolina From C. Cod to C. Hatteras By C.P1.S2
John Seller Hydrogf to the King."
Reproduction: Reduced, C. PI. 52.
ARENT ROGGEVEEN'S CHARTS (/d/j).— C.Pls.53
I. "Pascaerte van Nieu Nederland Streckende 54
vande Zuydt Revier tot de Noordt Revier en 't
Lange Eyland."
II. "Pascaerte van Nieu Nederland Streckende
vande Noordt Revier tot Hendrick Christiaens
Eylandt."
Two beautiful charts, numbered 27 and 28, and
representing in detail the coasts from Delaware
Bay to Naragansett Bay.
Engraved, on paper.
Each 42.5 by 51.5 centimetres.
Amsterdam, Library of the Royal Dutch
Geographical Society, etc.
Published in Roggeveen's Atlas, entitled: " Het
eerste deel van het brandende veen, verlichtende alle de
vaste kusten en eylanden van geheel Jfest-Indien . . ,
t'Amsteldam, gesneeden, gedruckt en uytgegeven
door Pieter Goos, in Compagnie met den Autheur.
Met Privilegie voor i; Jaren. Large folio. The
dedication is dated 10 Febr. 1675. The atlas
was also published in 1680, with the same Dutch
maps, but with Spanish text. (See Phillips,
Atlases, Nos. 2694, 2695.)
A remarkable atlas, which the author tells us
was based upon a large collection of manuscript
charts, which he had brought together and studied
during twenty years. This is the first volume;
other volumes were to follow, containing the
description of the coasts of other parts of the
world. These volumes, however, were never
published.
The collection brought together by Roggeveen
is no more in existence, or, at least, is no longer
known, and his maps of New Netherland are,
therefore, of special interest, supplying, as they
do, information which seems to be independent of
any other known sources. Perhaps some happy
chance may one day bring again to light this
important collection.
Roggeveen gives to Manhattan Island a very
narrow shape, and locates Nieuw Amsterdam upon
it. The surroundings of the island are given in
considerable detail: Staten Island, the "Hoofden,"
"Broncken," "Hoobooken," etc.
The description of these charts given in the
text of the atlas does not add any important new
information, Roggeveen's knowledge of Hudson
and of the first discovery of these regions being
based upon De Laet.
The maps here reproduced occur also in second
and third states, with the address of "I. Loots"
or "J. Robyn ex," added (copies in Madrid,
Bibliotheca nacional; in: Flambeau de la Mer
158
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
C.Pls.53par C. Jz. Voogt; Amsterdam, G. van Keulen,
54 c. 1720, Vol. IV, No. 54, and in several other
libraries).
Reference: G. M. Asher, List of Maps of New
Netherland, Amsterdam, 1855, p. 19, Nos. 26, 27.
Reproductions, Reduced: on C. Pis. 53 and 54.
C.P1.S5 ANONYMOUS ENGLISH MAP {c. 1675).—
" Part of New England New York East New larsey
and Long Island."
Engraved chart, variously ascribed, to Thornton
and others, ascribed also to c. 1690.
42)4 by 5i>^ centimetres.
Mr. Stokes's Collection.
From its form, it reminds one of the Roggeveen
charts published in 1675, but it contains many
indications independent of those charts.
Reproduction: Reduced, C. PI. 55.
C.P1.S6 JOHN THORNTON (1674-1682}.— "A Mapp
of Virginia Mary-Land, New-Jarsey, New York &
New England. By John Thornton at the Sun-
dyall in the Minories and by Robert Greene at y'
Rose and Crowne, in Budgrowe. London."
Engraved, on paper.
44 by 53 centimetres.
Copy, in 191 1, in possession of Mr. Henry
N. Stevens of London.
The date is approximately determined by the
presence of the partition line between East- and
West-New Jersey, which was established in 1673-4,
and by the fact that a later issue, recorded by Mr.
Stevens, shows Pennsylvania.
Maps by John Thornton, with dates between
1689 and 171 1, are mentioned in the catalogue of
printed maps of the British Museum.
Reproduction: Reduced, C. PI. 56.
C.PI.51 R. DANIEL (1679).— "A Map of y= English
Empire in y" Continent of America viz. Virginia,
Mary Land, Carolina, New York, New Jarsey,
New England feet, by R. Daniel Esq^" "Sold by
R. Morden at y^ Atlas in Cornhill neer y° Royal
Exchang & by W. Berry at y' Globe neer Charing
Cross London. W. Binneman sculpsit. Licensed
by R. I'Estrange Esqr." Without date.
Inset in lower right corner, showing coast from
C. Charles to S. Augustine.
Engraved, on paper.
48.5 by 57 centimetres.
Mr. Stokes's Collection.
A fairly detailed map of the country between
Nova Scotia and Chesapeake Bay, and including
a portion of Canada north of the Saint Lawrence.
The indication, in Maine, of the "Duke of Yorks
Propriety From Kenebeck R. to S'^. Crux," is
interesting.
In the British Museum catalogue of printed
maps, the name of R. Morden occurs several times
between 1677 and 1699; and the same name, in C.PI.51
combination with W. Berry, in 1677. The map
here reproduced can, however, be dated 1679, as
it was advertised for the first time in the Term
Catalogue for Michaelmas of that year.
A later state exists (copy in the Library of Con-
gress), on which Pennsylvania has been added.
This edition, from which Daniel's name as well
as Morden's has been omitted, is dated "1690?"
by Phillips, in his List of Maps of America, p. 563.
Reproduction: Reduced, C. PI. 51.
LATER EDITION OF W. JZ. BLAEU'S C.PI.28
SECOND WEST INDISCHE PASKAERT, BY Page 82
JACOBUS ROBYN. No date {c. 1680).— Same
title as first edition (1621), with Blaeu's name,
and printed from the same copper-plate, on
which, however, has been added a vignette — in
the upper left-hand corner — with Robyn's address:
"Gedruckt t' Amsterdam, by Jacobus Robyn, inde
Nieuwe Brugh steeg inde Stuurman."
Engraved, on vellum, and coloured by hand.
80 by 98 centimetres.
British Museum.
This map is of special interest, from the fact
that it is printed from the same copper-plate as
the original edition by Blaeu, no impression of
which is known. A comparison with the known
reprints of Blaeu's original, all of which contain
the same material as this Robyn-edition, proves
that he made no changes on the copper-plate.
See page 144.'
Reproduction: The New Netherland portion,
full size, on C. PI. 28.
JOHANNES VAN KEULEN'S CHART {1685). C. PI. 57
— "Pas-Kaart Vande Zee Kusten van Niew
Nederland Anders Genaamt Niew York Tusschen
Renselaars Hoek en de Staaten Hoek Door C. J.
Vooght Geometra T' Amsterdam By Johannis van
Keulen Boek en Zee Kaart verkoper aande Niewe
brugh Inde Gekroonde Lootsman Met Privilegie
voor 15 Jaaren." Detailed chart of the coasts
from Navesink Highlands to Narragansett Bay,
with two inset maps: "De Noord Rivier anders
R. Manhattans off Hudsons Rivier Genaamt,
in t' Groodt," and, "De Versche Rivier in
t' Groodt."
Engraved, on paper.
51.5 by 59 centimetres.
(The complete atlas) Amsterdam, City
Museum, Luyken Collection, etc.
Published as "No. 20" of the third volume of
the first completed edition of Van Keulen's Sea-
atlas, in 5 volumes. The title-page of the third
volume is dated 1685. The general title of this
atlas is: Jan van Loon en Claes Jansz. Vooght,
De Nieuwe Groote Lichtende Zee-Fackel. t'Amster-
MAP LIST AND DESCRIPTIONS
IS9
C. PI. 57 dam, Gedruckt by Johannes van Keulen, Boeck en
2.ee-Kaart Ferkooper, aen de Oost-zyde van de
Nieuwe Brugh in de Gekroonde Lootsman. Vol. I,
1682; Vols. II, III, IV, 168s; Vol. V, 1683.
The map here reproduced is also found in the
many later editions of this atlas.
Though the delineation of the coast-line is justly
subject to criticism, the map is important because
of the inclusion of many names not occurring on
other maps, as well as for its large scale inset map
of the Hudson River, which is believed to be the
first detailed engraved map of that river.
References: G. M. Asher, List of Maps of New
Netherland, Nos. 29, 30, 31.
The atlas is described in: P. van Eeghen, Het
werk van Jan en Casper Luyken. Met medewerking
van J. Ph. van der Kellen. Met 56 platen. Am-
sterdam, 1905. 2 vols.. Vol. I, pp. 40-55. (As,
however, only the maps containing vignettes by
Luyken are described in this book, our map is
not included.)
There were published editions of Van Keulen's
Atlas in 1680 and 1683, both now very scarce.
In neither of these does our map occur. See
Catalogue of Maps and Atlases {XVth-XIXih
Century). Amsterdam, Frederik Muller & Co.
(1907), Nos. 716, 717.
Reproductions: The vicinity of Manhattan
Island, from the inset map of the Hudson River,
process print, size of the original, in Mr. Lenox's
edition of H. C. Murphy's translation of the
Vertoogh and Breeden Raedt, New York, 1854;
the same, copied, in: J. Winsor, Nar. and Crit.
Hist., Vol. IV, p. 440, where it is stated that this
map of the Hudson River "appeared in a tract at
Middleburgh (and also at The Hague in 1666, in
Goos's Zee-Atlas), in answer to the reply of Down-
ing to the memoir (1664) of the deputies of the
States-General." This statement is, however,
erroneous, as it is perfectly clear that the re-
production given by Murphy was taken from
the map we have just described, which appeared
for the first time in 1685. This map does not
appear in Goos's Atlas. If the Hudson River
inset was found in one of the pamphlets in the
"Downing-question," it must have been cut from
the main map, and added by some early or later
owner to the pamphlet, to which it does not belong.
The entire map, reduced, C. PI. 57.
P. LINDSTROM'S MAP (c. /(5p2).— "Wirginia,
Nova Suecia, Nova Batavia. Nova Anglia P. L. S."
Map of the coasts from Chesapeake Bay to Cape
Cod.
Manuscript, on paper. C.PI.57
18.5 by 48.5 centimetres.
Stockholm, Riksarkivet.
P. Lindestrom, the apthor of this map, was in
America in 1653 and 1654, and made several
drawings and maps of the Swedish settlements on
the Delaware, which he incorporated in his manu-
script description of the colony, entitled: "Geo-
graphia Americae, eller Indiae Occid[en]talis,
Beskrijffningh, Om den yttersta delen In America,
med Geographiske Carter och Delineationer, ofwer
Virginien, Novam Sveciam, Novam Battaviam,
och Novam Angliam." Of this manuscript, only
the description of New Sweden was completed at
the time of his death, in 1692.
The map is divided into sections, each delineat-
ing one of the four colonies mentioned in the title.
The section of New Netherland shows Manhattan
Island in its primitive, triangular form, and with
its full name, "Manahattans Eyland."
"Staten Eyland" is also included. These are
the principal features of the map. The Hudson
has no name; on Long Island we find two un-
usual names: "t'huus der luche" and "Krom-
megou."
Reproduced and described in: A. Johnson,
The Swedish Settlements on the Delaware, 1638-1664.
University of Pennsylvania, 191 1. 2 vols. (See
its Index.)
LATER EDITION OF PIETER GOOS'S
CHART, BY JOANNES LOOTS. No date {c.
1700). — Printed from the same copper-plate, but
with the address added: "t' Amsterdam by Joan-
nes Loots, inde Nieuwe Brug Steeg, inde longe
Lootsman."
Engraved, on vellum. Same dimensions.
Paris, Bibliotheque Nationale.
A reprint of Biaeu's second Paskaert. (See
page 144.)
ANOTHER EDITION OF PIETER GOOS'S
CHART, BY JOHANNES VAN KEULEN.
No date (f. 1710). — Printed from the same cop-
per-plate, but, beneath the address of Goos, the
words are added: "seyn nu te Bekoomen by
Johannes van Keulen."
Engraved, on vellum. Same dimensions.
British Museum.
Van Keulen re-edited many maps published first
by Loots.
A reprint of Biaeu's second Paskaert. (See
page 144.)
LIST OF A FEW MAPS OF NEW NETHERLAND COMPILED FROM
ORIGINAL SOURCES AND PUBLISHED IN MODERN HISTORICAL
WORKS
" Kaart van Nieuw-Nederland, naar de kaarten
van A. Roggeveen, A. Montanus en van de
Vereenigde Staten van America door A. Arrow-
smith, gevolgd door J. B. Bourje. J. P. Bourje
del. J. C. Bendorp sculps." Map of New Nether-
land, extending from Cape Henlopen to the Penob-
scott, and in the north to the St. Lawrence.
Engraved, on paper.
52 by 39.5 centimetres.
Published in: N. C. Lambrechtsen van Ritthem,
Korte beschryving van de ontdekking en der verdere
lotgevallen van Nieuw-Nederland. Middelburg, S.
van Benthem, 1818. 8°.
The original drawing of this map was offered for
sale by Frederik MuUer, in his Catalogue of Books,
Maps, Plates, on America. Part III, Amsterdam,
1875, No. 2035; and was sold to America.
"Kaart van Nieuw Nederland, behoorende tot
de, door het Provinciaal Utrechtsch Genootschap
bekroonde verhandeling van R. G. Bennet en J.
van Wyk, Rz. Te Dordrecht, by J. de Vos & Co. "
Map of New Netherland from Cape Henlopen to
Cape Ann.
Engraved, on paper.
46.5 by 48.5 centimetres.
Published in the atlas accompanying a mono-
graph on the Dutch settlements in various parts of
the world; by R. G. Bennet & J. van Wyk Rz.,
and entitled: Verhandeling over de Nederlandsche
ontdekkingen in Amerika, Australie, de Indi'en en
de Poollanden, en de namen, welke weleer aan
dczelve door Nederlanders zyn gegeven. Utrecht,
J. Altheer, 1827.
The atlas was published at Dordrecht, in 1829.
"Map of New Netherland, According to the
Charters granted by the States General, on the
11')' October, 1614, and 3'^ June, 1621." In
Brodhead's History of the State of New York.
"Drawn & Eng"? by Sherman & Smith. N. Y."
With inset map of the vicinity of Manhattan
Island.
Engraved, on paper.
20 by 24 centimetres.
Published as a frontispiece to: J. R. Brodhead,
History of the State of New York. First Period.
160Q-1664. New York, Harper, 1853. 2 vols.,
with maps.
"Novi Belgii Tabula ad N. J. Visscheri deli-
neationem repetita quae ex XXX aliis tabulis
coUigi potuerunt additis lapidi incisa dirigente
G. M. Asher." Modified copy of the N. J. Visscher
Map of New Netherland with the view of New
Amsterdam.
Lithograph.
46.5 by 54.5 centimetres.
Published in: G. M. Asher, A List of the Maps
and Charts of New Netherland, and of the Views of
New Amsterdam; being a supplement to his Biblio-
graphical Essay on New Netherland. Amsterdam,
Frederik Muller; New-York, Ch. B. Norton, 1855.
With plates.
Besides the names of countries and Indian
tribes, this map has Reference numbers, ranging
from I to 545, and referring to a list of names
compiled from 3 4 original maps of New Netherland,
described by Asher in the text.*
A proof copy, before the inscription, was offered
in Frederik Mailer's Catalogue of Books, Maps,
Plates on America. Part III; Amsterdam, 1875,
No. 2033.
"Nieuw-Nederland bewerkt naar de kaart van
Adriaan van der Donck, 1656, en andere bronnen.
C. Craandyk del. Lith. Lankhout, Den Haag.
Behoort by: Werken uitgegeven door de Lin-
schoten-Vereeniging. Deel III." New Netherland
from C. Henlopen to the eastern point of Long
Island, chiefly after Van der Donck's map; with
two inset maps, representing the vicinity of Man-
hattan Island and Chesapeake Bay.
Engraved, on paper.
27 by 20 centimetres (without the title beneath
the map).
Published in: David Pietersz. De Vries, Korte
historiael ende journaels aenteyckeninge van verschey-
den voyagiens in de vier deelen des wereldts-ronde,
als Europa, Africa, Asia, ende Amerika gedaen.
Uitgegeven door H. T. Colenbrander. Met portret,
2 kaarten en 18 platen, 's Gravenhage, Martinus
Nyhoff, 1911. (This is Vol. IV of the: fVerken
uitgegeven door de Linschoten-Vereeniging.)
♦This list contains many errors.
LOST MAPS, ETC.
Doubtless, throughout the centuries, more maps have been lost than have been
preserved, a fact which is due to many causes, one of the most obvious of which is that
the original sketches and "embroglios" are naturally destroyed as soon as the finished
map, in manuscript or in print, has been completed; from which custom it follows
that the material which would be the most precious to us is usually not available.
Special circumstances have, moreover, contributed to augment the number of
lost maps in our field. By the destruction, or sale as waste paper, in 1821, of the
greater part of the Archives of the Dutch West India Company, most important
material for our researches has perished forever; although, from the fact that recently
a number of documents, evidently belonging to this collection, have come to light,
there is still some hope that others have been preserved, and will some day reappear.
Fortunately, the two Figurative Maps escaped the general fate, as they were pre-
served in the Archives of the States-General, which remain intact up to the present
day. We know that the West India Company originally placed a high value upon
maps, especially those of the territory which they controlled in America. In 1622,
for instance, they bought the entire collection left by the famous cartographer
Domine Plancius.['^5] \Ye know, too, that they were careful in preserving their
maps and other documents. Even De Laet, to whom several papers were lent in
1627, was very soon required to return them. [•* ]
We print below a chronological list of the most important sixteenth and seven-
teenth-century maps, plans, views, and documents, in our field, which we know, or have
reason to suppose, once existed, but which have since disappeared; and we may con-
fidently assume that such of these belonging to the sixteenth century as have been
preserved represent only a very small part of the number which once existed. No
country can to-day boast a really representative collection dating from that period,
— a statement which is true even of Portugal and Spain, the two countries which
held, during many years, leading positions, by reason of their valuable contributions
to the cartography of America. Although the Spanish Government, for many
years, took the greatest pains to record accurately upon the official "model
chart" or padron real (after August 2, 1527, known as padron general) each suc-
[45] From unpublished documents mentioned in Tijdschrift van het Kon. Nederl. Aardrijkskutidig Genootschap,
Second Series, Vol. 30 (1913), page I.
[46] W. I. Cie., Resolutien Zeeland, 1626-29, 28 Jan. 1627. (Kolon. Aanw., No. 20), State Archives, The
Hague.
i62 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
cessive discovery that might prove useful for the navigation of American waters,
this splendid series of charts seems to have completely disappeared. [+^^] The
famous world-map of Juan de la Cosa is not a padron real as it was made in 1500,
before the estabhshment of the Casa de Contratacion. Nor can the recently discov-
ered planisphere of Juan Vespuccius (see page 10) be accepted as one, as it does not
bear the official stamp of the Pilot-Major. It seems, however, to be a contemporary
copy of one, as do all the other similar Spanish maps of this epoch which are still
preserved. With almost equal completeness have the materials on which these
padrones were based disappeared. A recent search in the principal archives and
libraries of Spain has brought out this fact with appalling clearness.
As regards our particular subject, we need here only remind our readers that
no original map material has come down to us from Americus Vespuccius, John
Cabot, Estevam Gomez, or Giovanni da Ferrazzano, the four principal sixteenth-
century navigators in whom we are especially interested, because of their known
explorations in the neighbourhood of Manhattan Island.
Among the most important early maps, views, and documents, which once
existed, but are now lost, we may cite the following:
XVI Century
A world-map by Benedetto Bordone, engraved in 1508 (page 9, text to note [^7]).
The "libretto" of Verrazzano (page 12), and his original report to the French
King (page 15).
Maps derived from Verrazzano, and used by Gastaldi for the map in Ramusio
(page 14), and also by other Italian cartographers (page 15).
A large map and a large globe made by Verrazzano and found by Hakluyt in
England, about 1580 (page 38, notes ['^^] and ['^9] and text thereto).
Robert Thome's map, of 1527 (page 23).
A sea-chart, presented by Sebastian Cabot to the Indian Council in Spain, in 1533
(page 26, text to [^°'']).
The padron general of Alonso de Chaves, of 1536 (Chapter I, Addendum Note).
A sea-chart, possessed in 1564 by some French pirates, on which the Point of Santa
Elena, on the East Coast, bore the French arms (page 35, text to note ["^]).
A sea-atlas by Jehan Cossin, executed in 1575 (page 34, text to note ['°9]).
XVII Century
160Q. Hudson's original chart of the Hudson River. (See Chapter II.)
7(5/0. The original of the Velasco Map (page ^i et seq.).
[46a] Although the first padron real v/zs not made until 1508, the Casa de Contratacion had been established
three years earlier, in Seville; and hydrography and navigation had been taught officially at Cadiz "from a time
when the memory of man runneth not to the contrary." The padron real, according to the royal decree which
brought it into being, was "to embrace all the lands and isles of the Indies until then discovered and belonging to the
Crown," and all pilots were enjoined to mark on that map (through the instrumentality of the Pilot-Major) "every
land, island, bay, harbour, and other things, new, and worthy of being noted." The padron real was not, as has
often been stated, jealously kept from the public eye. On the contrary, except under special circumstances — as,
for instance, when Sebastian Cabot treacherously tried to sell, or sold to Venice and to England the pretended
"Secret of the Strait" — officially made copies from it were regularly sold, the manifest intention of the Government
being merely to guard navigators against the danger of trusting charts which had not been approved by competent
authorities. (For a full discussion of this whole subject, see Henry Harrisse, The Discov. oj North America, p. 2$s,etseq.)
LOST MAPS, ETC. 163
1611. The map of Jan Cornelisz May (page 66, text to note ['7]).
1614.. The original map of Adriaen Block (page 70).
1614.. A map of the Hudson River, supposed to have been made by Block and
presented to Maurice, Prince of Orange. As the Hudson River is called by Block and
Christiaensz "Riviere van den vorst Mauritius" (River of Prince Maurice), it is a
likely assumption that a map of the river vpas made for, or presented to Maurice,
Prince of Orange. Through the courteous introduction of Colonel D. Wagner, I was
allowed to make a search for this map in the Private Archives of H.M.The Queen of the
Netherlands, where I received every assistance from the Director, Prof. Dr. F. J. L.
Kramer; but no such map could be found. Unfortunately, there is a wide gap in the
collection of papers originally belonging to Prince Maurice, which gap existed as early
as 1670, as we know from a catalogue of the archives made up in that year. In 1795,
the archives were removed to England by Prins Willem V, when he went into exile, and
they were afterwards transferred to Dillenburg, whence they were later returned to
The Hague. It is clear that the archives must have suffered much by these peregrina-
tions.
1614-35. Original engraved impression of the Figurative Map of Adriaen
Block, of which the New Netherland map in Blaeu's Atlas of 1635 is a reissue.
(See Map Descriptions.)
1616. The original two small sketch-maps drawn by Kleyntjen, and referred to
in a note on the Figurative Map of this year (page 73).
161Q. Dermer's map (page 95).
1621. First edition of W. Jz. Blaeu's "West Indische Paskaert" (p. 82, note ['°]).
1625. The original plan for a fort and settlement in New Netherland, forming
a portion of Crijn Fredericksz's instructions, and possibly carried out in part on
Manhattan Island (page 108).
1626, April 22. A map of America, showing the probability of a passage through
the continent to China, which map the Jesuit, Brother Stock, wrote on this date
from London to Rome, that he had forwarded. In the same communication he speaks
of the English colony of "Plimouth." This map was not found in the archives.
(C. Russell Fish, Guide to the Materials for American History in Roman and other Italian
Archives. Washington, 191 1, p. 148.)
1630. The originals of the three maps which we have ascribed to Minuit (page
112, text to note ['^]).
C.1635. The charts probably made by, or under direction of, David Pietersz.
de Vries (page 116, text to note [^^^]).
/djp. A large chart of the Atlantic Ocean, drawn on vellum, and having the
address of Joannes Blaeu, son of Willem Jansz Blaeu. This map, which was destroyed
by fire in Philadelphia, a few years since, is known only by a much reduced photo-
graph, made of it in 1901. (See Map Descriptions.)
1639. The original of the two Manatus Maps. (Appendix, II.)
1641, October 8. A map of parts of North America, made by a priest who lived
there three years, and sent the map on this date to Rome by the provincial of the
Capuchins (Fish's Italian Archives, p. 151).
1642, March 12. Map referred to in New York Colonial Documents, I: 126, in
i64 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
connection with the dispute between the English and the Dutch regarding New
Netherland, when a despatch from the Dutch Ambassador, Joachimi, "with all the
papers and maps touching New Netherland," was put into the hands of the advocate.
164.4. The "book ornamented with various pictures in water-colors" which Kieft
sent home from New Netherland, probably in this year {N.Y. Col. Docs. I: 212-13).
1647. "Very exact Maps" of New Netherland, on board the ship "Princess,"
in which Kieft, Bogardus, and others left New Amsterdam for Holland, perishing in
her when she was lost, on September 27, 1647 (O'Callaghan's Hist, of N. Neth., II:
34). This we know from the observations on the Petition of the Commonalty of New
Netherland to the States-General, July 26, 1649, in N. Y. Col. Docs., I: 262. The
remark there made is: "For in her [the "Princess"] were lost very exact Maps;
fully a hundred different samples of Minerals and numerous Remonstrances and
accounts of New Netherland."
i64g, July 28. Map referred to in the following passage of the Vertoogh van
Nieu-Nederland: "There is also an abundance of lakes, some large, some small,
besides navigable kills, which are very like rivers, and multitudes of creeks very useful
for navigating over all parts of the country, as the Map of New Netherland will
demonstrate to us" {N. Y. Col. Docs. I: 294); evidently a reference to a map not yet
issued, perhaps the first issue of the Janssonius-Visscher Map (the Prototype).
1649, October ij, to 16^0, February 7. Map referred to by the Delegates from
New Netherland, in a petition to the States-General, dated February 7, 1650, in
which they declare that, after their petition of October 13, 1649, they have com-
municated to the committee several other papers, together "with a perfect map of
the country, and its situation" {N. Y. Col. Docs. I: 346). This again may be a reference
to the original of the Janssonius Prototype, perhaps, as we have pointed out,
reconstructed from the maps lost in September, 1647, with the "Princess."
7652. Map referred to by Van der Donck. On February i6th of this year the
States-General instructed Adriaen van der Donck to submit a description of the old
boundaries of New Netherland, distinguishing those parts which had been ceded by
Stuy vesant. He presented a paper on this subject, which was accompanied by a map
(O'Callaghan's Hist, of N. Neth., II: 187). In his Memoir, he refers to "the map"
and mentions some names, which can be found only on the Janssonius-Visscher Map
and its derivatives: for instance, Greenwich, Long Island, New Holland or Staten
Hook, Cape Cod, Stamfort, Straefford, the Red Mountain, Totolet, Gilfort, Kieft's
houk, etc. (A^. Y. Col. Docs. I: 458).
16^4. Map of the boundaries between New Netherland and New England, which
was prepared in Holland by direction of the West India Company, and sent to the
Dutch ambassadors in London. This map is mentioned in the official report of the
ambassadors, printed in 1725, and reproduced below, in the original Dutch as well
as in translated form.
Den selven avondt nogh ontfangen haer Ho. Mog. Resolutie van den 29. September
raeckende de limytscheydinge van Nieuw-Nederlandt met verscheyde bylaegen ende
de Caerte figuratyf, gelyck deselve Resolutie onder No. 146 hier nevens volght.
Martis den 29. Septemb. 1654.
Is ter Vergaederinge gelesen seeckere Memorie van de Gecommitteerde Bewint-
hebberen van de West-Indische Compagnie representeerende de Vergaederinge der
e
LOST MAPS, ETC. 165
XIX, 00k daar nevens tot voldoeninge van haer Ho. Mogende Resolutie van den 17.
deses geexhibeert een pertinent beright, raeckende de limytscheydinge tusschen de
Engelschen ende desen Staet in Nieuw-Nederlandt, de Caerte figuratyf daer toe spec-
terende; Waer op gedelibereert sijnde is goedgevonden ende verstaen, dat de voorsz.
beright Caerte met de vordere stucken gesonden sullen warden aen de Heeren haer Ho.
Mog. Ambassadeurs in Engelandt, om de voorsz. limytscheydinge in conformiteyt van
dien aldaer te bevorderen, aghtervolgens haer Ho. Mog. voorgaende Resolutien.
(Ferbael van H. van Beverningk, W. Nieupoort, J. van de Perre, en A. P. Jongestal ah
gedeputeerden van de Staeten Generael der Ver. Nederlanden aen de Republyck van Enge-
landt. 's Gravenhage, 1725, p. 602; see also N. Y. Col. Docs. Vol. I, pp. 556, 557):—
On the very same evening was received the Resolution of Their High Mightinesses
of September 29th, concerning the boundaries of New Netherland, with several annexes
[papers attached] and the figurative Map, as the said Resolution follows here below
under No. 146.
Martis, September 29, 1654.
In the Assembly was read a certain Memorandum of the Commissioned Governors
of the West India Company, representing the Assembly of the XIX also for the purpose
of complying with Their High Mightinesses' Resolution of the 17th inst., exhibited in a
pertinent report concerning the boundaries fixed between the English and this State
in New Netherland, the figurative Map serving for the purpose. After discussion it
was resolved and understood that the aforesaid report Map should together with the
further papers be sent to Their High Mightinesses the Ambassadors in England, in
order that they might advance accordingly the fixing of the boundaries in the said
country, as in accordance with Their High Mightinesses' foregoing Resolutions.
j6^6. Survey of the streets of the City of New Amsterdam, as laid down on a
plan or map "according to which the Streets" were "set off and laid out with
stakes." This "survey and plot map," which had been authorised on November
loth of the preceding year, was confirmed and approved on February 25th. It is
the earliest plaji of the city of which we have any knowledge, and was probably
made by Captain Fredrick de Koningh. (See Chronology.)
c.i6^6. Small sketch of New Amsterdam, drawn in perspective by Sieur Augustin
Herrman; referred to in Governor Stuyvesant's letter to the Directors of the West
India Company, dated October 6, 1660. (See Chronology.)
J(557. Second survey or plan of the city; made by Jacques Cortelyou and com-
pleted by May 3d. (See Chronology.)
16^8. "A map of the lots within this City," which, on April nth of this year,
the Burgomasters asked Stuyvesant to order made. Such an order was issued on
August 30th. (See Chronology 1658, June 13th.)
1660. Plan of the City of New Amsterdam referred to in the above-mentioned
letter, and in all probability drawn by Jacques Cortelyou (see Chronology). From this
survey the original of the Castello Plan was probably copied. (See Appendix, II,
III, and Chronology.)
1661. (Autumn.) Elaborate plan of the City of New Amsterdam, from a surv.ey
made by Jacques Cortelyou and drawn by Jacob Van de Water.
i66 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Frederik Muller, in his catalogue of July, 1850 (item 454 a), describing a copy of
the Beschrijvinghe Van Virginia, Nieuzv Nederlandt (etc.), remarks:
There are three engraved views of New Amsterdam; one in the present volume
[the Hartgers View], another view of the opposite side of the city in the second edition
of V. d. Donck and the third in Montanus. A fourth, which I have not been able to
compare with the other three, is to be found on a large engraving of the cities in the
colonies, of which Amsterdam forms the center piece. I have seen but one copy of this
plate which I was not able to procure. That upon the map by Blaen — [Blaeu ? — The
Janssonius-Visscher Map?] is probably taken from the same drawing as that on
V. d. Donck, for it resembles it in everything except the execution of the details, which
are put in at will.
No copy of this view has since come to light.
A FEW IMPORTANT LATER MAPS
PLATES
47-57
1651-f. 1685
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JOHN THORNTON. C. 1680.
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EARLY EXPLORATIONS IN THE
NEIGHBOURHOOD OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
1498-1619
EARLY EXPLORATIONS IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD
OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
I
C. Pl. 58
Map of Early Explorations along the North East Coast in the
Neighbourhood of Manhattan Island
1498-1619
On this modern Coast Survey chart an attempt has been made to show,
approximately, the tracks or courses of those early explorers who are known to have
visited the harbour of New York and to have seen Manhattan Island.
There have been added the tracks of those who, while not exploring the har-
bour, nevertheless, are known to have approached its precincts, and most of whom
probably sighted Sandy Hook and the outer bay.
In order not to extend and complicate the material with unessential detail, it has
seemed best to omit the vaguely defined tracks of such navigators as John Rut —
on "The Mary of Guilford" — in 1527 (page 23), Andre Thevet, in 1556 (page 31),
and John Hawkins, in 1565 (page 33), all of which are fully discussed in our first
chapter. Although these voyagers may have sighted our coast, they have left little
or no record of their observations in the immediate neighbourhood of Manhattan
Island.
Chronologically, the map culminates with the record of first Dutch explor-
ations, those undertaken by Adriaen Block and his companions, in 1614-16, adding
only the track of Thomas Dermer, who brought new knowledge of our coast to
England, as a result of his voyage in 1619.
It may be stated that these first Dutch explorations fixed with approximate
accuracy the situation of Manhattan Island, and resulted in the establishment of
a type of coast delineation which persisted throughout the entire period which we
have under consideration.
Concerning the further explorations and surveys, which resulted, finally, in the
Janssonius-Visscher Map, we have very little information. — See pages 115-20.
The fifteen courses shown on the map are discussed in the Cartography as follows:
1. Americas Vespuccius, June, 1498, page 6.
2. John and Sebastian Cabot, 1498, page 8.
3. Giovanni da Verrazzano, April, 1524, page 11.
4. Estevao Gomes, 1525, page 17.
l68 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
5. Alfonse de Saintonge, 1 541-1542, page 30.
6. Jehan Cossin? (before 1570), page 33.
7. Samuel de Champlain, 1604, page 127.
8. Francisco Fernandez de Ecija, 1609, page 124.
g. Henry Hudson, September, October, 1609, page 43.
10. Unknown English surveyor of 1610 (John Daniel ?), pages
51. 57-
11. Samuel Argall, 1610, page 57,
12. Jan Cornelisz. May, 1610-1612, page 66.
13. Samuel Argall, 1613, page 93.
14. Dutch explorations, 1614-1616, by Adriaen Block, Hendrick
Christiaansz., Cornells Jacobsz. May, and Cornells Hen-
dricks, pages 68, 69.
.;i 15. Thomas Dermer, 1619, page 94.
II
C. PI. 59
Map of Early Explorations in the Immediate Neighbourhood of
Manhattan Island
1 524-1619
On this map are indicated, in detail, the courses and discoveries of such explorers,
mentioned on C. PI. 58, as are known to have entered the Lower and Upper Bays,
and to have seen Manhattan Island.
PLATES
58-59
C. PL7\TE 58
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THE CELLERE CODEX
THE CELLERE CODEX
The Cellere Codex may, without reasonable doubt, be accepted as an accu-
rate and full embodiment of Verrazzano's famous lost letter to Francis I, giving a
preliminary report of his memorable voyage along the east coast of North America,
under French auspices, in 1524. No reference has been found to a later and fuller
report, although it seems altogether likely that such a report was written.
The manuscript was discovered in 1909, in the private library of Count Giulio
Macchi di Cellere, of Rome, although we know that as late as 1884 it formed part
of the well-known Giovio-de Szeth library, of Como, founded by Paolo Giovio
early in the sixteenth century. It now belongs to the collection of J. Pierpont
Morgan, Esq., which contains also the interesting little Robertus de Bailly Globe
of 1530, on which Verrazzano's discoveries are indicated. See C. PI. 17, and pages
16 and 38.
This Codex is one of the most important documents dealing with the topography
of the North East Coast, of which it gives the earliest known description, and is of
paramount interest in connection with the immediate surroundings of Manhattan
Island, Verrazzano being the first European known to have visited this locality.
The Codex was first critically examined, described, and published in 1909, by
Professor Allesandro Bacchiani, in the Bollettino della Societd Geografica Italiana,
Fasc. XI, pp. 1274-1323. A transcript of the original manuscript and an English
translation of the text, as well as of Professor Bacchiani's critique, were printed,
with an introduction by Edward Hagaman Hall, in the Fifteenth Annual Report,
1910, of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society.
The manuscript is written on twelve numbered sheets of paper (24 pages, measur-
ing 11^ X 8^ in.), in the chirography of the seventeenth century; on the last page
appears the title, "Discourse on the Indies." The text is written in the elon-
gated court hand of the period, and twenty-six marginal and interlineated notes,
written in the contemporary cursive st}'le, are all in the same hand, differing how-
ever from that of the text. On the verso of the eleventh sheet, near the bottom,
appears, in the same hand, the address: "A Leonardo Tedaldi o a Thomaso Sartini
I70 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
mercanti in Leone. Mandaretelo a Bonacorso Ruscellay." (To Leonardo Tedaldi
or to Thomaso Sartini, merchants in Lyons. To be forwarded to Bonacorso Rus-
cellai.)[ij
The manuscript, together with a number of comparatively recent documents
relating to it, and presumably added by a former owner, perhaps Alfredo de Szeth,
has recently been carefully repaired and bound in red morocco.
Until the discovery of the Cellere Codex, the long-lost Verrazzano letter was
known only by two very inferior Italian copies, one a manuscript dating from the end
of the sixteenth century, and belonging originally to the Strozzi library, but subse-
quently transferred to the Magliabechian (now the National) Library, in Florence;
the other printed in Italian, in 1556, in the third volume of Ramusio's Navigationi,
and in English, in 1582, by Hakluyt, in his Divers Voyages. The characteristics
of the three texts are essentially different, and it seems clear that each is derived
from a separate original. The newly-discovered text is much more scholarly and
much more complete and detailed than either of the other two, and is the only one
of the three to contain the important allusion to the imaginary "Isthmus of Ver-
razzano," the existence of which not even the map of Ribero suggests.
Bacchiani believes the letter itself to be in the hand of an accomplished amanuensis,
possibly that of Verrazzano's brother, Gerolamo, who is known to have been in France
in the year 1524; and thinks it more than likely that the marginal notes and inter-
lineations were written by Giovanni da Verrazzano himself, as they contain evidently
spontaneous particulars, episodes, and observations, and could scarcely have been
supplied by anyone else. He even suggests that the document may be composed of
transcripts from Verrazzano's original log or journal (the libretto referred to in the
letter), and that it may have been sent to Rome after having served as "copy" for
the French or Latin translation prepared for the King, — a theory which seems
entirely plausible.
After briefly summarising the vicissitudes of the voyage, Bacchiani proceeds to
a critical analysis of the three texts, and to a comparison of the nomenclature of the
Cellere Codex with that of the maps of Maggiolo and Gerolamo da Verrazzano,
from which comparison he draws the conclusion that the Codex is responsible for the
origin of many names which occur in the ancient cartography of North America.
In attempting to establish the connection between these names and their modern
equivalents, Bacchiani, apparently, falls into one or two prevalent errors, notably
when he assigns the name Vandoma to the Hudson River, whereas a careful exami-
nation of the manuscript, in connection with the modern map, seems clearly to in-
dicate that it really should be applied to the Delaware, which, then, contrary to the
general interpretation, Verrazzano not only saw., but also named. (See Cartog-
raphy, Chapter I, P- 12, and Chronology, under 1524.) The Hudson River itself
was referred to by Verrazzano only as "a very great river," although he bestowed
upon its ba}' the name Santa Margarita, and called the region Angoleme.
['] Bacchiani suggests that this Ruscellay was Buonaccorso di lacopo, a well-known Roman banker of the
period, and a partner of Bernardo da Verrazzano, perhaps a brother of Giovanni. He also cites several other rea-
sons for believing that there was a close friendship, and probably kinship, between the Rucellai and the Verrazzani.
THE CELLERE CODEX 171
Bacchiani concludes his critique by a review of the controversy regarding the
authenticity of Verrazzano's claims which agitated the students of American historical
science in the later half of the nineteenth century, and was only definitely set at
rest by the discovery and publication of the Cellere Codex, which, by its scholarly
form, its evident priority to the map of Ribero (1527), its many points of correspon-
dence with the map of Maggiolo (1527), and that of Gerolamo da Verrazzano (1529),
and by its manifest accuracy and sincerity, fairly establishes what must be accepted
by scholars generally as at least a close approximation to the text of the original
letter.
PLATES
60-81
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' (\-i\''s>mo CO It/iatu fo/jm ■ cj uiiU roji'm^
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CO utri^ cocfc , '/'aUri ajji/nnfj cnc fieniuno circuc/j/o near/" pcr ififino alx
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tddjcffi /ictj Ujoif,, et'/romffiLu/yf,,- CjuJi (cdana u/'e/^ j^\iv
dafc/L ijorm lunA/ PiccJa co/^ . quaith a(a ^i/ncMd //'^W . ,
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U^uardihiTi pi g^jjrajf^ ■ >v/y<. /, j'vr;^ /ic /Uu > /watm acufi'- , 4^'
^ ^nnlifinj Cornloy jtr ^jUfft^ 'yfc/no j- CyijicnfJ-^ c0/wfcxr,' ^ asSimuLn^
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(timu aU i>/aja/iL M' /!o ftnCTi^ 6orh aUu-no , lir furcxffih^ Jace/iiL /»aJ*M<>
dhMU dHtra. en o^-y^v humj/n tnr Larnfil'ffijrn^ o/fd^ (h'^im iiaafi
A li(r) per cjfrrv UoikjtiJA. a^nfz /ja fv foffiiiU CcTif^ eaicJa hferltr^
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Z^ p't^^ /i'^aiy'"''jtL' . fi^T^aiU ajuclf^-, a;,/a^/o '^^ 4mmni cfn^
legfx /us ijrifern, , freu/m Uji/i^ en Pom-a ferm; fi^/i ait fcU< .
Ccrcando J fuffo Jco/i/ram i u/a jtmm /noifo utcc^iti- ^ i/p^ tfiouttni! Ji
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foficiuKo fulfi (li r/a (I 'am oih ■ Simla f*Ji' nthau^m. fa Jipua/ie' /»*. \
' ftm'm! , jtuUi' aauflft' comciorgnt aaman' ■ I*, -i/eccl^ia. ajarn^ ;<«/» . '«
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C.PL67.
[i homim fcnno futfff}' aL fc[u(^ • i^ommij amin^ixn' /etc' m/ke' meUc'
audi:' cJ lira auifv aa'j'(TH46~ ■ U Jiouam tuth rmt/iuii^ ^l co ira- ^/r'na/fi^a^^
a^aum amic era dimih (>cfu--(^ ^'J'a^ sTstun^ »o j^ ^^j fm'k'e^
(i arnnainim tjriJi jKiUiKt' IdPOiXsmi co/iditrn ai rJian ■ oi hiumh a.
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JfAV Uij/ic / Icmcciy 01 cdl-//:9 /fcU (icfremh- meHndo ojfi Ji fcfn 4
Iditj am^ik ^ 5°^o I- fi^dl(e t/ath.-' [l- hire am nu fitLuah'chc cf
ndli- nn liirop*- ■ ptr La coHmu* /^elcfff.-^ hanno Jt 've-nninn /riVr/w-
0o(ix di loro i'archcth c<)jfrnfk di mo loio ndcrt , lufmt >ifJi twj'
pciriL- ■ rcrn 0 alfn aaicn Ji ^cMij ■
tthi au4ifr> • ^uaij m co i^e/r*- ■ fern o alfro c^nitn
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cde noi con: mo ■ um foU vic'-n ■ d'alcunn fjch'e /am fu wiYh- ^
Juif*nsi dl auirh iltmnN 1 ardcrtcfo fLLoffio htl carH aniTi iij'^
aU c^vcawt^ aiia Inncn, < fiz^ili aria foppf- ^ onr^ f^nh chs ptuijanj!
tc/fn fofcm lofidiTifitm la fxna cfd sih, iophi, fi i(flc'?<^ f
com Idldrt ■■ U sdui! yai-d di utno ^cwrd Jdllpcrj vi'mi^ • /%« ^oa di'
(atife odor^ ' t Cf/n- j>ia ftpHmfriDPaU ^ /rci/X • -x'cUmo i'ai^du mi'tv
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m uoih iifrulh di (jmHc^ fw iM^ie;,/.,sumc', ^ lola^ ^/ aa,' /iri /f^'irxli
■ f > / r ' J I
Scm da loro ixmti i ilmhom - i Pfro cni^j fgn chnu: pauv^c Lima^o
Li a^oudilA cinuitth acAm<^ ilfrufh Mi/io atrmi.nitr^ . f^frunam n>f:
jilu^ilrc . u^^i^ ff Liuj (f pioit^ forf^ I'hnk ^fon o/otifrn /a //t^
aijkrcvh > le mbifalioni lore no com lam j C0cu. ijrerth) i ih fxxt^ v
(fimamo / /noih' je^/n iKdnmo ^itno diU^xo ^ Ji hnoc co/^ifajf^ ,
cmcfllo tfnctu perunn^ coicffuu pf- fcj^' ^°^^ di (ju(li\ dor/ncndo
da camndM dlh'o cU tl ctcU po f)ei^(>iflo i'^f coj(r(un,l{Uro Jf
coshro m coPoCctmo . mfiam fvtH ndlh'j dd* paif^iv ftrr<y^ udttj^o
ncf mcfnim m/t > t>fc/)/o / Ji/cjfn /I'mrah' frejiam furfi' aU
cc/ni per faranfn I^ oorff ' Iciidtreim jarh'n^ fcorrc;jcfo 'fcfr>in^
lilih ffra S(f>h'^h^'o;n' oi cmnh! > iidi SoUmcnii' r>(m'a»ph , el
'/naa
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^ f < I. . . ■ I ■ • . r . '
aimttn unt ^raniusmt r,Ujcr>^ , l^ ^ualt cm:: aU tvcd ,^^ ^rofvMo,
iroutmo iicai ccl (jm paatk' om j/icnn't ^tuv ■ ? (sscrc' )iirn ^L
o/h I m
CO/ht , buo^o a^ijj, ;,o imIcmc jl^n/^ Th-lliaftii J^Ufocit' ati^mr.,
fu;no co[ i/afiiio cn(ranIo mU /(tk rjtMcr^ <^^ tx'rr^ > ^naL' frvJ;rJ
mrij colotj ■ uenw0fio uerjo 7,noj dllc^ramcT^ . mtrtn/o ar^niluiimj eriJi
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rx cirm tncJa Utc^
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I'ojare ^riframo ^rtnh ivdcHi- niutrt- aratco tit ftnx
' circuito a,' (c^k
doud '.ick-ffio f^ceut^ uno mlijm' U:
'ycUiyii^it Li'-- di
in' I circ*^ ■
C.PL. 69.
.H-rio aUdC: afilcw-im ItCcornjido h luH ct Lalfrf. imH' dlnumtro ^i
yiy^yc /i [ofo ^OTckik Co tfinifi: acvff^chf Mfdu^o /a hnnf- Lt^
(^r^t. m w(i(r^' i' una jfavfc' com aticmr JmU mi mtMcu/rc', mm-
Joii uno fj/e/v Jimnh i/hnrio /d/^<tr(' rum hr^fy' h>r/!mi aUy
'^f^>^^ tiifccfnm una hoU t fvrm manfimc' > Lo/iM/)j anl coftncfx Uatn
' '' ^ ' /i %J>oJo vima /i [ol(i
^'^r^h'-^^apiT/i d'Mon mih> NpoLlm p^colnoii'i fuochi PiT fvth di Lifo
'^xrr / r ^ r ^^ f ' f ^ -J r I ' f ■ ■
inhrr» imcmmo htceuano ' i;apfi'?amLi in /)om( dcLit Vnt cianf/rM \
dC/lifnc^ no imfndo rf rf«<.- j> /<< a.mfio/iha/iir d / t^Mfio I crucmA
AmA alfn (trn duh/ih' JkI.- j/}fuU Udy y:.v '. aout (ronamoim
v((\iiUP!o mh • ^pnmchc i mcKo c/itrnw/fo ufhm ci'rnx- Ji
yi.o^ biircldk di jcnix cht' utniuafio co uaru an J/ ^ /^arautiflc'
iftTPo (tU muc , /JO apr>>y:immo}i am di ciiuufi mi ftrffHi<osi
tumMd'o thirlificw ' U pn e^fn tt hah'h' ' ai^oi tu/h' isitme^
jjtp/euapo vino a(fv ari/o , fiapifi'can/o ydllcaursi ■ jlfficuraHL alaUAh
iffiifando Loro ttfti (anonimoropo fapio clj^ flfnm Lort> d[cU7i\ fo/'^k
0j- jji'cchi ^t ffioiH fonhii^ ■ [(' dvsti onf: co' vfo mudWdpMt
(icufdpjfk PfLa POM aifroropo ■ '^rupo i h'd ditcflj duoj P^ di
fmih dm jfafuT'- ^ fomn a^To ^drra^e' fi^ ffoiji^ilt ^[primdi
am -ic-jcyiy: I circK, , iaitro >:ictigne /i aPPi tc^cm • thdbifv Jr
dfUtU hw cr*^ ■ ti m uca/^to liDU ti com Puio f)dKCU<i UPa fclu
---V
C.PL. 70.
/iaruio laucnhi anHficioCimfft' tu hmsMh*'- ce u*n ricfumi' uk/l^
fi0(U yofcui aJrith ditolh cuimt uailwn' ■ AcoUc un* uttju Un/^
ornth /f^lft oitM // litKrst colon • ^Itjuiuut^ jmi Pct* /ncMfim*^
Lrm er^ <fws1* C U m hclL dcvH ^ ow iffile k caiTTifj ■
CcM juw > (l Vifo brofiUh r frcmflj LuPffi f//'^^ ' MLi jU'll
bentjifo ir*fldigi0o /jfu\t9 I aitrf^TjH , Li ccJ^i ten ^ pr«mh > i'sri^L '\
ioictii ^ fume I'mifnm mdfo ia/ih'c • ixuiin' fui/^ di cotyo /» .11
^iro s V A,- ftiKKda futft U' omorhoflj f'tevirhmi aot/n hevio '\
Unt c>>im/h ' U dom ioro fo/^o tia mt^cfifii jvr/no/ff^ o^HiK^>k^ i
7ti«ih gTAfioi^ > di iMpu/k ah'- ^ fiul^ dfk^ ■ i^i cojhimj ^ cHtncT^X
, ((C6fw) lufo rnutifku hfih- aidn^ 4 huoum*. crdUuru ftovjtrh'm > U4>u>
nm< CO fir i" um t(y diccruui ricmAk ce/He [i I^uoptt/ij , ^ tL^tnt
aU' fraciu o,;rfafio tciL di Imocruicrj /ffalfx ri<rc^ - jfi'iifi>
riul' CO ua/rii or/i^ffifli Jifrccci^ , come/Ji d< mcJcj'i/nj cdfr/L'.
(he 6oidtne di Lufio fj IsUro U(v dA pcifo > a[cu/ic' htmo athx'
accoflciifurc com ic dojrm »^^Mnl* gf- ^' ^Jf^^ "' '^^f''"'j ^
dCarUi uiTif fif^si' f^'Lcnh- com li' oriatftlj cojU^^- i
Ucmn> com d»m>^ > a^uiij ucicm mlH Umj^ '
ofi
colore /lop^*""
' 11 -ml -■ ' *— »»»
C PL. 71.
iil
^
' s;
Hi nnuirkh
Ofltne
mthn aij orachi ^ iticclu > m mimonc /rjfi ^ij<(* t/ dir-r^
mmncdo h(tn>minm • /?'' ficunwcno /i jiullj (mire ' fimic dijAchlL
co/n^ acciMo cf ftm ■ ^en^ ?iu ucltx^ ■ nionflrcirjioij Jdi' /jojIt^
no ;}^mf<uim Jmim/io/K'.' n/fijuS Lpunhum )olo larfijic^o '.,
mK<tr/a;}.i , Mi sfC.Jn i[ fi;niLe faccuano ■ ^ubi/v jucffi njM
ridinlo p/JuJiMo;ii> > soflj mjifv itbcrAj' i"i' inffv ,]..e[lo hanno Jt
faccm CO icyp ,iraM' a/n/jU • 4 un di:r')t> laiianh iTi/raffimo co la.
naiH fiiL oorn> > ihnAo I'fr tifxmti '^lU'hi ufit Lc'tiL i/nun' furh- lUni
umo CO nuirxro anym t/i\j/v hrcnctU ciL /uite ■ finish nj- conci
duifo CO mru coiou • /7ionSnranii.'o :i^ liwo Juik-ari"^t< ^orh/Mon^
Jc[i' loro uiua/ide ■ fi(((nm\ (rpo ,'oucjUrfaiujlioM ^U mur', /ici
torfv htUkyim afimtrc . cfi cclt'm^ jcco/nHJ.njnlont .vcr ijim i JiulL
uo^am uno3rx. pa aunii vmamo Jiorpi y^v • romrunhm'' Ji /mix
ooortunii^ > dowi otni mrno uenim taii'i .lucvfrrh' alt 7}JU»f mndo
U loro do^m d^: li (^tii fofjo"' curio f\ 7 i^i^ro chc a (yam Lrrviiflk
limonmh lm<iJ jfa/i'o fucfono U loro k/j/ie a/kfyn /Kie bAn(^eh >
f'co juanfi vreahi li f^a/fim cfjxn'hdou Jo^rare LUim cof/ m fu-M-
^lU che iMiam Ujoare jum {mii( tfin-^rif , <^ /no(^ uoIh wencni'
fj ufjo di li duoi "%-€ CO la 7L.(^.f;>*. ^ /jto(/j acnhl huommJS'M
o/dctr^ amcrm torim fik^mnuc CiTmt ^u/u (tm I'jk^s JtM
Jufnfv fiJM mnUndo m* (ofcmtfv^ aMTarm' 4lii )Ud u</>uh- • Mcf" ^
ucdrf wem( autdcn U/iuu/ 4iici1x) ^cndo , fkia diO'curm'^^'^'^
^ com dim ()Autano la rijbodU (uoih wniUifio , of iJadA^M^l^
C.PL. 72
f
i
~ ~ " " (I., ■ ^
aniJU^iau'' , nifh/iL' iLmufo cn-mr^ •dUhri}amii(7)//!K^ /b^^iImh U-
Ti-iini. c Uitit' damiaclu I viu UfJxa*. r.j'.tv Iwiin*^ tmefifrc' au/ii ifaU'^
il ft^Hi^ ii/ii\ un dudrh It [(jh/^ ■ n'Shndo [tn ar*n(.if>i''"> sI'j/u rttji'imio \
'^Jtfr/An''«lW / ■ (^ ( " ■ , f ff , ■ ■ f '{(■>.■ 1./
^u^UHV^' I florin uLiH La prjfncft Ji judlf^ imifni0 nri havih •juimii
frc ipor.nj //t./)Jo iu /i<')7n ai/iti turn fya/t//'^ in'ci/i*- -^i^ fi4M j> i^anc'
iiUAmo t-fiiiuj r()%ri/ [> Lunf (^'' > offenndo/jc oj/ii yiu faculh^ ■
htdni aiuc^(o'J Jarci p/amn'' Tumu m uolh' t fr* /trr^ n^iti'
I fci Ic'ifl^C 'fUdU IroUdfno ii^,^;*-' a,mcn^ ani^ /mrdn I'a mibiLe ^
Uih aa ojni atfim Ji udtur*- iru/nfh ut'no olio , imto {b lauc/i^
ifnmmcit!) durberj Ji h'Tih fvrhlih- cm duJ fiM^lia fe/ne / Jtnit
frodiirrdl'/ ooh'm fmth • nf^irmo dinoi ;ici(' Uiiu hilh' a J mi
liJben fof!J <^(^^\Cif^>>!nt!/ "^ ipromh /icU iimj<^ ■
q'roiupij Mi Ln-u/iiaftj ■ pruflt' ^ m-iUn^/ ^ m^ ^mrf Ji
fruifh idle m /ifr^f • jlMmij lujono ammpm ;M^rr» fv^'j
P
can
ciia.)i^ at* Jfii^mn
in
l<ih II *'•'• ''*■' '^'
C PL 73.
H:
\ii
CO /mm
tu'lto fM CO for '^ at vi
CO miM '^f>f(^ <^^<^^ ■ <'l'fji^^' copufhmffc an^raiM kjtu^
ipciojo fafl'M alcct/io biricoLo cJ
J
aci *^-
fifi(x Mloci/i qui/ih^ dUro met ^jt^fcvdiTm', uAc^^ [on lyulihA'tM f
/ fam^x circuUn Ji <nhim^-^ :hfHr mi di ambi'lo Npninff Ji ytma't-
cu(^ lilij/ip fi('.irJtrt' iu/!i>- U LaUrA. fa/r-^ orln/ Jia/cviMuxK.^
coml^ CO fiU Ji'jJjli^ SJth[/n'<%^ UUoriH\^ ■ if;c Jjl. P/j.-.f/'a ^ uiTi fi
Jifaihno • ffo < luiio cl'x ff ^<fnrf/m (jpJ^So/k' Mi^rhfn/rt.
),3i Ijtmimc /r^' cinLctsino /'■'^'^ f^'if^j ' 'fpi^o coi' futh cl lih
prntiH^m /luurii' e/efr/ tmiL'c' cvilaUi/ii (JtUbafJfy> i^pVnc , jj ■
fcr fat cmi ( como ai PJrf^ »i namcuL h/im^i- PiT/nuftnt >■
J /■ ■^//-y \ I "f.''^"'''' J L f ft
r/ftfV' f.j/ di un* I aliro Lao- ' n'i-onh La cvpi.-nffA^ 7afiiv clkfo
i'jucili' dimraft' UuafiJ^ j.'.i UlxL-' / un« ihnH [m^o am Mi
(itf}i>/ij faoycdh , n>imorK. i cuCchu^A taort ff- hff>i4io^ j tft^/lr flU/nct*
■J^,\ duun*. ucdc/)i<> ■)<■>: 1/ ^ x>i:x ,t/fyme , eluiMrUro i{ Cf/mi'
Li aifri /iUjum' jUdL nrJd:4ftno coOm oriinf Ii cuftur*^ Ttili'dltrj.
o(^fi7:iaMt> /likji'mnf^' Lifluyu Lun*n ^^ ilmfamcnJe "tllf pf/X
oi-mla m«li dAi anlim Jilf / / am di Vi'thoio/k flpe/hr ihuo.
■if'
mjk
naioM f/fe/n
IHHOA*
SatnRj^ (iefif* ^^ fiMco /doro/K^ini ii i^naKtlfi'/ie Lrt afiW
It
)aum
di lotv ^
it/fi fi'rhj
Ji uio'mA mcUl^ -^Mdui/icm ^v/n, di Utv/i^/nj m^ fh
^ cariMm > fma)^ m »' uutT'ii'^ jta Lt/nt-nh- mU 0iiM^ rinr -
/^h hlf^ ti'lcrf f\:tin'h<- • f^ narc^A Lt*^ co Ulf}^ i6/Kji'cro
CPL, 74.
4-
i^»»«wwawj**-*''*«-f-*'--*»H»«»« ^u«v>^"
aiLoh>
t.
\
Lof^ joffm^ conojcxre (^uak (trrx, e j,/v^ /)d
A 7U) i?iituy>- com' I akr*- mt( /i0rm a vji^ Jcfrniuyih ^ffyf^
it jilt di ciith mh ■ TX'frorn d Lih h' aa Hm A occi}{l' ,\„,-n(^^
■fi- p /U-tx^ /'^^'«"^* ffffjrtv jU*r!l>' Ufrf> LTut/^i ,i^ju^ mr7-^'L<(jU .Jinoicn- \
a\\Af<{>iria<>i\ ccM^ mo a/nflo SOtu /ici'iuih di LcfVi^ '^■^ i nrr>~f
I ( f r f f ^ f
7)c[ JUAW fj;io ciniitu ifoufk di mlf* hrfiiih. pI m<\':y7^ ' frw'
a'aih' <^ )Hhii alvnj in diidl\ ^,jm -. ;;ii;»crvfa cUjfe fcnl*. O/non
»Ji'H>nPi/U 0 aUn i m\-t)//Kjr> Jlfir/u^ iicHram<y fuo auir^rrr^' .
Tornando It'vjt li(7i''> fic ridve , nK/Jivah. Tf porh dxlu/>o ff-LaHroLff
cl)i»ti! ac^u^ ■ j-iti m:;^ didiu 'ji.U ji Mioua uno faxflf-^ Ji'hui^'
^ mfn 4t La /lufitrn an^oth a(^ a Mnnrnj auA fi'uad'^ /Mihi
^ ^wX^<»i^^^'*^'''^'^ ' dfor/ji} j-ey-h Ii' mw'c mftmo JJ acfiv t>orh co'
hitK
I •C**'
^««fcvjn j ^ II f ( ^ f-r ^ /
itahc' CKjUa^iif^ fa/K'nio PW alfirvK'/nf-n'orK ' /rvU4/77o u^a /trr^ hI/k,
^ fmi\i f/'am'u^ ircjio^j rr/Jh' • u ijcvfi" fiifh' at Uitn- diiformj .
C PL. 75
^ cjuajt Unajfnfj' crono h' jfuJijcnnLj jU<i^' irano // cruac-^ ^tufi,-
Oii'm' , fanfe mbdm cbt /^aj mffCMo co auih' [(jmU [f'fka-sfim l;mn^
CO lor^ coU(rjahtin< alrtf!*- • udhno dimlif /hry iu^' ccrM'nj /^jti'rjni
al el a tin anifnaL ' cl ir,ucr\.' »ct ttuciU foifcm a/ii-'U^ti' a^iM^o miulu
Ja itia havififiom > c->^t>m4/nv //> oi lu/iih'orii.^ , i/ffn ^ Jcum nucTfd;
;v/P di (ftM Ji ra/icn' ■ cjuafi UHrra. He M-Jc/im pr.'/uci- />/Uiu>
..'^umi /}i 'Md^/;io js.yo .iUu;3o j, culf^u.Ai' /new fan'!/ be" Liftrnj U
fjxn^ih- Aijx a^rodiirn jrKclt o fiM ^iLuno-fc /a uutuj Jcu/a uilh.
jrikmranh ifvLu^t/n^ ^U' Un .vu' ■ mmuam at L,t'o U .mn' fjprn.
Jam Ycfrr'/m' j;[^ JntrifUK ^ //a;.'/, m /icf [;^(l^ cv u/ia , vri
mll'^fH uclaua,7U' Jan' c/'/^u/iJauj/u colmo jriJu/i^^ ^Lkrf^ /tJ n
^rv0imff/m }ipafi}o ^uiifv ifamL Jo ,'n>/r/7v ;jj imUo ^/J
cv/^v/f Uj^l jHjom'' fj. r-.-U'j f:uji,cnt{' nC j(,;r,uiw;J ^^z^ Ja
' Imuono mS' fm/m Ja (cto fjrfvX i,L/^„^
jikiiin^
jie^ifmm tuihu a^'ft /i' di/i-J./j- M. ucnc.tnl,^ J^,
\
.Tu'Xl^f^ '/"'f (''"' ''""^ '^-r. uoU Jra'/. uruurr^ J.
')'
^nmno ,v ion a rein ;Ni'it<d j,jJm ,^,j- J- ,j, ,v ruj^/ut,^
U fl'lUlf'' f!0 rj/lJlLX/lk- I JtU'sh. Hfrr. C.L /" . ,. A...
ne
ck amih uile'm ^,jftr/n J ;um aU,recJ,,:]!an/mJhr;J'L>f
/ifcUc^ alf^ P>.r>f.j,, ]ro;iv ,'fr^ ftrr>^ %„meJo Vu<7y dk
-Si--, la:-
C.PL 76
^^.
f( CtUifMt. klfiffimi jrorfi
mi Vo
f.
i
jtaMUA< I /I'aiiJ :i l(tjt?^ ci uxnimo p'^'pijUi alt fi'rf^ ftvMrvnc fi,
fire f(40ihi^h'i' ;/JUiU ^ tu^ffvuijUi' ■ tpM^/zJn diYcvtcr.-' .cjuif fc^'feixpfo
oj- liiM ifi /^Houji ixrr*- foT/Kfidoci j'jc^Ki. ^r LMfli Jiiikra/^o dihrm^
fjiith^'^ ' ^''■' Mncra))!/!-' cicL Jriffi^ jplc ^o lu/><^ o allr jua/ieh , m' 1
mci ■ /A' mIc LfffT povuUd'a/h mnno Ix^-pii' ■: chick' Jt' ONi'^^ ■
I
oro bcvukfio/f iianiw ixr.Tu
/J*
^miawo /lo Hn'itinio ftdi' aUn-'/* ^ unn/i^ i oropnt Libcrh- ■ ^ fvttv
^. ft -on chc noi ffcciam ■
'l^^i^Uj amrrm ^ \i- j]& LrhM d, la ruMjuhone circ^-aUcosmo
.inp^i'^ ■ ^m i(\fo6n <///// Mffcnh cfi. lini'f'fi'fr'pi^'. chi' Cono j,'
(^iih fi([ hn<' it o(cic(ait<' Ji iiflf>fM /ic:e,f ml mnl'*no f/m'f'^
(I'c^A^i lufj pianYhmo ffiauiiicr, acom'rncu: uis'/n U (/r/porp'oK Mfi^ fi^n^
I
.iM.. *_>'
C.PL 77.
I:
ici>^i> U corii- m arc ho dl mfii/'fo ciriuU anih tir —LcarL ^
arJi CJ5 ^^ '•'X'^'' fima>'(ri,Udih h' tuth elarctdc ap^i f„2Ii_
c(Kthr*f ofi jm^" com copT;^^'!'.' ^a/naj^i^r jMnc Ji jiifUr mxoj^.
mffnt^ rr'sf'^/ikri: i^fxm aU invnonw/h' ft ckU, M/'jk c^ -LftTtm
tnidit- \S7$a —/■ fua^ ni'it'rfih'' i/i jO" ivrh' ■ ac/tcri'-l (ufd^unK,
ffiialf- |i- ^-^ . 4 t^nh uiiK' u.n ^\r>iJ^ dt U/Mi/nJim' ■• //»"' ocffv (mini
di dUii ^'t- , jam tl auiU' I linC^ Tela dai m'ic:iiuio Ji'Jn fiVuii
ci)i imno larctJi ^v ,,4om\mo (uuua\o Lr^i'ffM j/nf^-ro ck- [i'iik
mnj4/o,j,M ab OuUcm' ^ofu ayth aU a^f,;l„ ;,c[ ^'^ fmtc([,k
fJtruMi" ((( uf)o micjiiM iUitro com i unc liontfo cmvUi'icnf^ (ui>
ho fiuUh \si(m cci crd'ciffienhi iff /mn' ' Niul fiMjU dim xom
ftffj" (f har^ cfj0iu-' V /mih- i-y^iUo ^affia J i/m <y''mhM
IfenM/jrc' , jw^lU mifjuiioj.-'-' a[ {jtftio ■ ^ aL ej^trcmo .-rmh. 't(
pi>^ J n0 jcm^^'o froiftrc (At i/>,jr)iMU <b >miu HrtK aiui/ do (r^iiih
^jljH7^uaU( rijiom ji-rJMo jiu!u frouun no' yir^;^ auilco. rch> i
hmfrcnf^ itlo ocenno on'cntiU ts<n i^ijt;;mo ■ g^ ancjk oiimcm' ^<
f
(jitcjh- otmio
hiiH liaJtcU i'jhh-crc)t7>d^' ccrht/nfh' fl/'n, acdino caicicvhiL (on
C PL. 78.
f
/o
UfU>
rz/iA^'
CO /rani a man-.
frvudf* da. jwllj all anhchi i/icoaml%^ ufulfyn /no^o njjicfh Ji cfuffL ,i/ah)
com foth bnuik ne JATo ua doco Ji JiTrprfo a v Ji^ -xn/n f{'auA/*n'
JiilanH dAL mmiMo JtU ifou forhm«i^ uer/o tocaJf^ik' Ar>^l 't^^^^LL
Unfl^ pn< ifvrmfl/o /i'i»;i nLfeph'^frjom' wik ^ [//ic'i /n<'rco ic/>*u.' ^
corrcn^o liiih^ w(i/>o , o/^/pjrJjki^ ^^J-" ^ Uno /janijth ' f^''jf«^' I '
CO djriiJi ''^'^ -~r^ — ' M^^'' f^aJi i;e^^y^ i^ t»nh htinno ruHijafv Jai [j
((cfh nKrc/i*no Jcl^UoL forfun^h "(■'■ alo ocadcvfr' /icl j'aran'Uc Jf' f
arnJi n.i 'ff aUifudj/K^i^/U i-Zlr./iht c(t ffoi no r }kh. pfpev^^f^X
V no liMtrc ffift acffi pdm'aiiS'o/'C ioffiA tiamrc' pccho Pt^ a /ffn/rt
l)aiow/Ji' fUi'lU cttfcuU^' afvm/nixf la /^ahht ai /Thilh' TMurirrj ymh
ImTino fnauffah- aU4k affcrmflo Cjffrt' Uahc' 1 6co jiukc4n^ofufii'hji>
niii/(icAfion^ (afltt o oAind Ji 'V //'^' ff(&c' n aiaJf tf^ ~(/ i^ iffh /na^ ^.%
iiomo ucrfo loccilcTiR dt U rriPH i:-"'- (nvA/^' i arnn -j^ ?)Jv.icimj W^k-' 'g
'^00 (ttTK onep/^ oj. fcjfx^Tnfvm' ^ !c^w foo jUJfi dl Crjc.'* CJP!}»m«
C.PL 79,
ajtfaf()cm<i6'ci ciUTtnc uoluh i.\u/ciu mVfth' aiacaui jiA'^f7»>iK^ > iielx
I'crexptrit/ifici ['oi'mifv uc'tjum « '
ff-,ana;i/v alAjm corvond cfifhdh'o m mno iafxrrd cw Uc/juit mm
^^ikhiaffio come' a la br(fenh'^ /nNicrc' jbttT scr fM /thjip/H t**/^
^ f^nmcnhk piop^lutW a x/ jit- . ^
'^Kfh' mjfi Hrn o jn.c:, m/zdo ck di foprn' f;m/^j»j mrdfo cofjtM
infivn^ po jiu^cnJo uU /fit /,(' nfC /^'rv^ ildii^ fofju'^mjarM^
f^A. I; apfic(}i I tjudd' jj •^^' -^'" '' ' -' ■' ^ -^ "
T
rw
ffffr
f I
fcrtm U O'Pfichi ' dUdh JA nitmfune 3 [i/nbrj dMfl fvtft H fn
tr)%jt( Jiofio iifh-e /hfv fmtjiif> Jc ohff^ . clrcticvhe infi^o tU
^ib oriaikk gf- ocniiaihi^ ^ auclL u /ic' chiu/c [un« gl Llh .
jcU oifti d^ ^ri<(i )r fio cautnol^dU uirfo Aw/^i' ff/hfl^i^ di
uoflonc/iHjiujncnliji'fi.ioaaraii yo /nrro J to mf^ Ji ^A*^
,K harmS ■)hi^Lr^ carhfJi,ic' U auiii {ho omnitohnH fnum i"
Jl^
eyciuit fom coy '-^rr ptU /kuu titminA. Ji \^ij J/ Luait'o ■
C PL. 80
vvuw».«rff^ «-t'r>'^^''^ irtujwi^^ >i iyw-«*i»«^<JjU-. .■ ^ »vfA«M«- ■-• W-^f«v *<^J'' ""^ 1^
'etc '-•*• ' '/*«>H»OU .*» )«*lw; Cl. >MM«/
l)<»^«-*
. ^ v/
■» .
C.PL 81.
WKHI^'
1. ,1.-..,-'. "^ ' *-^^^?^^r^»S:>?h!^^
p^M-^nti^i
i! Aj-^vnktf***-
^ Vno "i*^***
fA»^
/ ■>m**Ct- t>i»>n
lic.p^l/iA^^-^
^■fyA'
j*-'^---'.
^%'
i
i>inJi.U ^wUx' y'oiWK ->. Umi-^ -^mmUi-kJ^
, —
THE MINUIT MAPS, THE MANATUS MAPS
THE CASTELLO PLAN, ETC
PART OF AN IMPORTANT SERIES
OF
MAPS, PLANS, AND VIEWS, OF
THE DUTCH COLONIAL POSSESSIONS
IN THE SECOND AND THIRD QUARTERS OF
THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
THE MINUIT MAPS, THE MANATUS MAPS
THE CASTELLO PLAN, ETC
BEING NOTES ON A REMARKABLE SERIES OF MANUSCRIPT MAPS, PLANS, AND
VIEWS, OF THE DUTCH COLONIAL POSSESSIONS, IN THE SECOND AND
THIRD QUARTERS OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
UNFORTUNATELY, the originals of these important documents have all dis-
appeared, and our knowledge of them is derived entirely from copies made
probably about the years 1665-1670. These copies belong to a large col-
lection of maps, plans, and views of the Dutch settlements in various parts of the
globe — in America, in Africa, and in Asia — which collection originally consisted of
some 250 sheets, not all of which, however, have been preserved. The copies are
all executed in the same careful style, many being beautifully rendered in colours.
Most of them seem to have been drawn by the same copyist, and probably all were
made in one atelier. They are drawn on large folio sheets of approximately the same
size (some are on double sheets), and on the same fine, heavy, paper, which can in
most cases be recognised by the water-mark — a crowned shield with a fleur-de-lis and
the Jesuit monogram I H S.[']
A part of the collection, including over 100 sheets, is contained in an old binding,
probably of the seventeenth century, and belonged at the commencement of the
eighteenth century to C. Beudeker, an esteemed collector of Amsterdam, who added
an index in his own hand. This volume was offered at public auction by Frederik
MuUer in Amsterdam, in his sale of May 18-22, 1869, and is briefly described in the
catalogue under No. 877. The volume was lost sight of until refound by Dr. Wieder,
in 1910, in the State Archives at The Hague.
Another part of the same collection was off"ered at auction in Amsterdam by H. G.
Bom, September 7, 1885, with the old stock of the firm of Gerard Hulst van Keulen,
the renowned publisher of sea-charts, etc., which firm — established in 1680 — had
been in business ever since. The lot is No. 978 of the catalogue. The number of
sheets is not stated, but they are described as bound in two calf bindings. The col-
lection was bought by Messrs. Frederik Muller & Co., who had the volumes broken
up. The sheets relating to Brazil were sold to Mr. Duarte Pereira, Envoye du Bresil;
and the remainder — 78 pieces — were separately described, and were scattered through
a catalogue issued by Mr. MuUer's firm, in 1887, as: Geographic. Topographic. —
['1 The drawings belonging to the Harrisse Collection and those in the Bibliothcqiic Nationale are mounted on
paper, and those in the Villa Castcllo on canvas, so that it is difficult definitely to make out the water-marks.
174 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Voyages. . . . de la Bibliotheque de Feu M? N. W. Posthumus. Among these were the
Minuit Maps (C. Pis. 39 and 40) and one of the Manatus Maps (C. PI. 42),['] which,
with several others, were acquired in 1887 by Henry Harrisse, of Paris, for 425 francs,
and were bequeathed in his will (191 1) to the Library of Congress. It is not known
what became of the remainder of the collection, except that Dr. Wieder refound a few
of the sheets in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris.
In 1894, Messrs. Frederik Muller & Co. announced another set of 20 sheets,
belonging to the same collection {Catalogue de geographie, cartographie, voyages, Nos.
2488-2494).
Since then, still another series, of sixty-five similar drawings, has come to light,
the greater part of which are duplicates of those contained in the collections at The
Hague, described above. These drawings are framed, and hang on the walls of a
room in the Villa Castello, near Florence, where they were first recognised as Dutch
productions in 1910, by Colonel J. J. Staal, editor of the Dutch Geographical Journal
— Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig genootschap — in which
periodical [^] he very briefly noted their discovery. They were more carefully ex-
amined in the following year by Mr. J. W. Yzerman, President of the Royal Dutch
Geographical Society.
On the occasion of an accidental meeting with Mr. Yzerman in the State Archives
at The Hague, when Dr. Wieder pointed out the volume referred to above, and Mr.
Yzerman described the drawings which he had seen in Italy, it at once occurred to
Dr. Wieder that very probably the maps and views in the Villa Castello had belonged
originally to the same collection, and were, in part at least, duplicates of those in the
volume at The Hague. On the same occasion the very important fact was disclosed
that there was in the Castello Collection a hitherto unrecorded large coloured manu-
script plan of New Amsterdam, dating from the Dutch period. This interesting infor-
mation led Dr. Wieder to make a trip to Florence, where, with the kind introduction
of Mr. Yzerman, and letters from the U. S. Ambassador and from Dr. Putnam,
Librarian of Congress, he was most kindly received and enjoyed many courtesies,
especially from Cav. Elio Modigliani, through whose influence he was aff^orded every
[■] New-Netherland. "Manatvs (Manhattans) gelegen op de Noort Rivier." Carte detaillee de la bouche du
Hudson et des terrains sur lesquels maintenant est situee la ville de New-York avec ses environs. Dessinee sur
les lieux par (Joan Vingboons) en 1639. — H. 45K. L. iyyi centimetres. [Flor.] 40,
Document des plus interessants pour I'histoire de I'origine de New- York. L'auteur a dessine avec le plus
grand soin la carte de la Colonic Hollandaise, indiquant exactement la situation de la Forteresse "Amsterdam,"
des trois moulins, de routes les etablissements des premiers colonistes. II cite leurs noms. Une de ses annota-
tions nous donne I'exacte date de cc plan; mentionnant cinq places de la compagnie qui ont ete non-occupees
pendant quelque temps, il en dit: "waervan nu a" 1639 weeder 3 bewoont warden" ("dont 3 sont de nouveau
habitees maintenant, a° 1639"). Cette carte, comme celles qui suivent, meritent une reproduction, d'autant
plus parceque les deux seules cartes generales de la Nouv. Neerlande, anterieures a celle-ci, savoir celle repro-
duite parO'Callaghan et celle le De Laet (1630), otFrent toute autre chose que la notre. Voir Jslier, List of Maps
and Charts of New-Netherland page 7.
No. 688 of this catalogue describes the West-Indische Paskaert as follows:
IFest-Indische Paskaert . . . vertonende . . . alle de Zeekusten van Afrika en Amerika begrepen in 't
Octroy bij de E. E. H. M. H. Staten-Generael . . . aende generale West-Indische Compagnie. Amsterdam
chez Anthoine Jacques sur I'eau au Matelot." (vers 1625). Tres grande et belle carte imprimee sur peau de
velin et colorice. Tres grand fol. [Flor.] 20, —
Carte fort-interessante et de toute rarete, publiee comme le titre I'annonce a I'occasion de I'Octroy donne
par les Etats Generaux a la Compagnie des Indes Occidentales. Nous n'avons jamais rencontre un autre
exemplaire.
[2] Second series. Vol. 28, 191 1, p. 1032.
MANATUS MAPS, CASTELLO PLAN, ETC. 175
opportunity for studying this very important collection, and was permitted to have
photographs made of the "Manatus Map" (C. PI. 41), probably the first survey ever
made of Manhattan Island, and of the "Castello Plan" (C. PI. 82), the earliest
known plan of New Amsterdam, and the only one which is known to have survived
from the Dutch period.
It was a great surprise to find in Italy such an extensive collection of Dutch-drawn
maps, plans, and views, of countries that had no particular connection with Italy.
A very natural explanation, however, presented itself. During the years 1667-9,
the Tuscan hereditary prince, Cosimo de' Medici, made a trip through England and
Holland, accompanied by Prince Corsini. A beautifully executed manuscript ac-
count of this trip (no doubt an official MS.) is preserved in the Biblioteca Laurenz-
iana in Florence. From this account it appears that the principal purpose of the
trip, so far at least as Holland was concerned, was to visit the studios of the great
painters, whose renown had reached Italy, and to buy examples of their pictures.
At The Hague the princes visited the palace of Johan Maurice, late Governor'of Brazil,
and Cosimo took a deep interest in everything that was shown to him relating to the
Indies. [']
There are two other manuscripts which relate to this voyage of Cosimo's, one by
Cosimo Prie, the other by Filippo Corsini. In these manuscripts it is recorded that
from June 28 to July 11, 1669, the prince spent his time in Amsterdam, "examining
many curiosities from the Indies, of which he secured a goodly number."[^] After
his return the prince maintained a correspondence with his friends in Holland on
the subject of the acquisition of pictures and other objects.
From these facts, it appears very probable that the drawings now preserved in
the Villa Castello were taken home from Holland by this Prince Cosimo de' Medici,
in 1669, or possibly were ordered at this time and delivered somewhat later, and, as
several of the Castello drawings are duplicates of those at The Hague or in the Fred-
erik MuUer Collections, the idea naturally suggests itself that the prince saw and ad-
mired a set of these drawings in some collection or studio in Holland, and ordered a
similar set to be made for him. As two of the Castello maps are in a poor state of
preservation, it is likely that others have succumbed altogether to the ravages of
time. We may also surmise that a third set was made, as Dr. Wieder found in the
State Archives at The Hague still other duplicates — of one map three contemporary
copies.
The drawings belonging to these various collections are all very similar in tech-
nique and in general presentation, and were apparently made in the same atelier, or
under the same direction, so that none should be distinguished as original, as opposed
to others which must then be considered copies. An interesting fact in connection
with the set at The Hague is that the last maps in the volume are unfinished.
From internal evidence, as well as for other reasons, which we shall examine pres-
ently, we may assume that none of these drawings was made much later than the
[i] P. 106 of the Laurenziana MS.
[2] ... il qual tempo consumo in vedere diverse Curiosita dell' Indie . . . Di esse S. A. si forno
in buon numero ..." See: H. Geisenheimer, BeitTagt zur Geschichu dis Niiderldndischen Kunsthandrh
in der zweiten Hdljte des XVll. Jahrh. in: Jahrbuch dcr Kgl. preuszischen Kunstsammlungen. Vol. XXXII.
Berlin, igii, p. 34, et seq.
176 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
year 1669, when Cosimo visited Holland, and we find several which, by their repre-
sentations, we know indicate conditions as they existed between 1655 and 1660. The
New Amsterdam plan, for example, is almost certainly a copy of the lost Cortelyou
plan or survey which was made in the summer of the latter year (see Chronology
and Appendix, III); a view of the Cape of Good Hope depicts the state of the Dutch
settlement in i655;['] and a map of Guyana has a reference to Otto Keye, who pub-
lished his plans for colonisation in 1659. [,^]
The paper on which the maps at The Hague are drawn, as well as that used for
those in the collection sold by Frederik Muller & Co. and for the maps in the Villa
Castello, is of the variety which was first used in Amsterdam, for official registers,
beginning with the year 1652; and Mr. J. W. Enschede, a well-known authority on
ancient papers, has established the fact that this variety was made in Angouleme.[3]
We may, therefore, assume that these various copies were made between the years
1652 and 1670; and as the technique of all is so similar, and as we know that some of
them could not have been made before 1660 — the Prototype View, for example, has
Nieiiw lorx in the title, and must, therefore, date from after 1664 — and those in the
Villa Castello probably not after 1669 or 1670, it is a fair assumption that they were
all made between 1660 and 1670, probably in the later half of this period. It is
clear, also, that most, if not all, of the drawings were copied in Holland from originals,
many of which were of much earlier date.
In Frederik Muller & Co.'s catalogue (Bibl. Pos humus), 1887, preceding No. 713,
the statement is made that one of these maps (the Harrisse copy of the Manatus
Map) bears the name of Joannes Vingboons as author, to which statement is added
the claim that this Vingboons accompanied Johan Maurice of Nassau to Brazil, and
that this collection was made especially for the West India Company. We must take
these last two statements for what they are worth, as no proof is off"ered to substan-
tiate them, and as, moreover, we have not been able to find, either in literature or
in the available documents, any facts to confirm them. Possibly the statement that
the maps were made for the West India Company may owe its origin to some indi-
cation on the original binding, a supposition which is suggested by the fact that in
a letter of Frederik Muller & Co. to Mr. Henry Harrisse, dated December 28, 1886,
which letter Dr. Wieder saw in the Harrisse Collection, the statement is made that the
binding is stamped with a cypher, probably composed of the initials of the West India
Company — G. W. C. — which statement is made with more positiveness in a subse-
quent letter.
The statement as to Vingboons's authorship of one of the maps of the Posthumus
Collection is in accord with the facts, but it does not necessarily follow that all of the
drawings of this collection were made by him. Furthermore, the date 1639, assigned
in the Posthumus Catalogue to several of these maps, is certainly not found upon
them. Dr. Wieder has examined over two hundred drawings belonging originally
to this extensive collection, among them the following described in the Posthumus
[1] Information received personally from Prof. E. C. Gode Molsbergcn, an authority on South African history.
1=] G. M. Asher, Bibliographical and Historical Essay on Dutch books and pamphlets relating to New Netherland.
Amsterdam, 1854-67, p. 11.
[3] Papier en papierhandel in Noord Nederland, gedurendc de XFIle eeuw, in: Tijdschrift voor boeken bibliolherk-
wcun. Antwerptn, 1909, Vol. VII, p. 175.
MANATUS MAPS, CASTELLO PLAN, ETC. 177
Catalogue: California (No. 707), two maps of Florida (No. 710), the Manatus Map
(No. 713), the Minuit Map of the Hudson River (No. 714), a similar map of the Dela-
ware (No. 715), the Minuit Map of New Netherland (No. 716), the map of the West
Indies by Joannes Vingboons (No. 933), three maps of Cuba and a view of Havana
(No. 952), and one of St. Domingo (No. 985), all of which belonged to the Harrisse
Collection and were bequeathed by his will to the Library of Congress, and also a
map of "St. Catalina Sant Andero ende Mosquitos" (No. 948), a map of Jamaica,
and a map and two plans or views of Porto Rico (Nos. 968 and 977), which last are
now in the Bibliotheque Nationale, in Paris. All of these drawings, according to the
Posthumus Catalogue, should bear the date 1639, but, as a matter of fact, not one
of them is dated.
On the Manatus Map, it is noted that some abandoned farms were again occupied
"in the present year of 1639," which date is of course copied from the lost original.
Thus, from the circumstance that one map bears the name of Joannes Vingboons,
the conclusion is drawn that they were all made by him, and he is assumed to have
been an official surveyor of the West India Company, apparently without any proof
or evidence; and from the fact that the date 1639 is found on one map, they are all
assigned to that year.
Moreover, this very catalogue contains drawings, evidently belonging to the same
series, but with different dates and bearing the names of other authors. A plan of
Mexico (No. 913), for example, has the name of Comte de Trasmonte; a view of
Acapulco (No. 914) that of "A. Boot, Ingenero"; the map of St. Catelina, etc., cited
above (No. 948), has the name of Andries Isaacsz, and a map of St. Thome (No. 993),
that of Abraham Jacopsen Wis, etc. Furthermore, the date 1628 is found on the plan
of Mexico (No. 913), and on the map of St. Catelina (No. 948).
The assertion that Vingboons was an official surveyor of the West India Company
is also rendered unlikely by the fact that a large collection of similar drawings is known
depicting the settlements of the East India Company, and we know very well that
collaboration between these two companies did not exist. Lastly, a search, under-
taken by Dr. de Hullu among the documents in the Rijksarchief relating to the West
India Company, failed to disclose any reference to his name.
The only known map inscribed with the name of Joannes Vingboons is now the
property of the Library of Congress, and belongs to the Harrisse bequest. It is a
chart of the West Indies, entitled: "De Eylanden en Vastelanden van Westindien,
Beschreven door Joan Vingboons" (The Islands and Mainlands of the West Indies,
described by Joan Vingboons), and depicts the Atlantic Coast from Chesapeake Bay
to Guyana, including also the Pacific Coast of Central America. This chart is a some-
what modified copy of an engraved map of the same region by Hessel Gerritsz, en-
titled : " De Eylanden ende vastelanden van Westindien op de Noordzee " (The Islands
and mainlands of the West Indies along the North Sea).['] The maps of Hessel
Gerritsz, who was the official cartographer of the West India Compan)' at the time of
its incorporation, in 1621, bear dates as late as about 163 1, which date occurs on a
map of the Caribbee Islands. [-] Vingboons omits some names found on Hessel
["] Copy in Leyden University Library, Collection Bodel Nyenhuis.
[2] Copy in Paris, Bibliotheque N.itionale.
178 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Gerritsz's map, and what he adds is mostly taken from the map of North America
which appeared in the 1638 edition of the Janssonian Atlas. This map by Vingboons
appeared also in print as a "Caarte van Westindien, soo vaste landen als eylanden,"
etc. (Map of the West Indies, mainlands as well as islands), and was published in
Amsterdam by G. Valck and P. Schenck, who flourished about 1690-1700. This
printed edition, which may be a second state with the address of Valck and Schenck
added, resembles the manuscript closely, but is much augmented. It has the super-
scription: "Joan Vine: Boons facit et excud"; from which it appears that Vingboons
not only drew but also engraved the map himself. We know Vingboons also as the
engraver of a map of "Schieland in i650,"['] and of a work on the architecture of
the city of Amsterdam, described and published by his brother Phihp, in 1648; [2]
and, finally, there exists, among the drawings at The Hague, a fine water-colour view
of Batavia, which has the inscription: "loan Vinckeboons inv." [3]
From the above facts, it is evident that, except for the view just mentioned, Ving-
boons's authorship can be proved only in connection with one drawing of the entire
collection, and even in this case only as a copyist of Hessel Gerritsz, or of a map de-
rived from his, perhaps from an unknown engraved edition; and there is absolutely
no justification for naming him as the surveyor of the maps of Manhattan Island,
although it is possible that, as a draughtsman, he made copies of them in Holland.
This apparently erroneous, or at least entirely unproved, assumption of Vingboons's
authorship, which appeared first in the Posthumus Catalogue, has been somewhat ex-
tensively copied in recent literature. Henry Harrisse himself falls into this error, and,
curiously enough, mentions only once, and then casually, the map of the West Indies,
which is really by Vingboons. [4] In the text of G. Marcel's Reproductions de cartes
y de globes relatifs a la decouverte de rAmerique,{s] the Manatus Map is ascribed to
Vingboons, and is described as follows (translated) :
The most ancient plan of New York which is known does not date from an earlier
period than 1640 [1639]. It belongs to Mr. H. Harrisse, who obligingly lent it to the
American Exhibition organised in 1892 at the Bibliotheque Nationale, in the catalogue
of which it figures under No. 277. This manuscript plan, which was bought by the
author of the Bibliotheca americana vetustissima from the librarian Muller of Amster-
dam, was drawn by Joan Vingboons for the Dutch West India Company. It is
undoubtedly one of the most precious pieces which we possess on the history of the
United States, and up to the present time it has been completely unknown. It has
for title: Manatus gelegen op de noot rivier, and measures .68 x .45 m. It shows the
entrance to the Hudson, which is called the noort rivier, the isle of the States, the isle of
Manhattan, at the southern extremity of which rises fort Amsterdam with two wind-
mills, a little island with a third mill — the one which today bears Fort Columbus — and
another island — the one on which has been erected Bartholdi's statue. On a branch of
['\ Het hooge Heemraed schap van Schielandt . . . in Coper gesnedfn e7i Geiecckeni door J. Winghoons . . .
Tot Rotterdam, Gcdruckt by Abraham van hoorn . . . [1684]. A copy in the Konigliche ofFentl. Bibliothek
of Dresden, Germany, press mark: Hist. Belg. A 134 m".
[-1 De voornaamite Gebouwen van Amsterdam, 1648.
[3] Frederik Muller U Company's catalogue Geographie-Voyages Cartographie, 1911, under item 4014, describes
a View of Batavia, 42 by 94>^ centimetres, engraved by Julius Miilh. This view, which is signed "I. Vincke-
boons," formed part of a collection of maps, views, etc., belonging to the house of Van Keulen, and is probably an
engraved copy of this water-colour.
[4] Discovery of North America, p. 612.
[5] Paris, 1894, p. 25.
MANATUS MAPS, CASTELLO PLAN, ETC. 179
Hudson River, called today the East river, not far from where the East River Bridge
now stands, the name Ilelle gadt can be read. As for Long Island, on it there
are scattered, as on Manhattan, farms and plantations, along side of which can be
read reference numbers, which give us, in a table pasted in the right-hand corner of the
map, the names of forty-five emigrants around 1640.
In the notes on The Lowery Collection, published by P. Lee Phillips, Washington,
1912, under Nos. 120 and 121, the so-called "Vingboons maps" from the Harrisse Col-
lection are described, in accordance v^^ith the manuscript titles which Harrisse added
to them, and from the catalogue of the exhibition held in the Bibliotheque Nationale,
in Paris, in 1892, where this map is briefly referred to under No. 277; to which
description Mr. Phillips has added some remarks on Vingboons.
It is not clear what Lowery means by his remark "There is a collection of this
map-maker in the King's private library, Madrid, I believe." This note, apparently
written from memory, may perhaps refer to Philip Vingboons's book on architecture,
and not to maps by Joan Vingboons. A very thorough search, made in connection
with the present work in the King's Library, did not bring to light anything of this
kind. As Lowery states that he did not see the Harrisse maps, he could not, b}' com-
parison, have recognised as Vingboons maps those which did not bear his name; and
we know that only one map has that name, and that in 1913 this map was still in the
Harrisse Collection.
In the printed catalogue of the maps belonging to the Bibliotheque Nationale
{nouveaufo7ids), four maps mentioned above are ascribed to Vingboons. These maps
all come from the Posthumus Collection. Henry Vignaud, also — in his recent biog-
raphy of Harrisse — associates Vingboons's name with the map of Manhattan Island. [']
['] Henry Harrisse, Elude biographique et morale. Paris, 1912, p. 23.
II
THE MANATUS MAPS
THE FIRST SURVEY OF MANHATTAN
ISLAND
1639
PLATES
41-42-a
C. PU\TE 41
MAlSrE^AT'IlAN ISLAND. COPY MADE C 1660, FROM
PPL 41
IGQTAL OF 1639 ( FLORENCE .^OLIiA CAS TELL O)
/
C. PLATE 42
MANHATTAN ISLAND COPY MADE C 1660. FR
C.PL.42
w 't^S-t fi-
ef
V-o"
10: I'J^t^c^van -TSifh-r
14 ' SS^urti Tttn 3tn. iatt. 'Hetiffitint.
If: Itliu^txtmnfStincliJiktr^fS
ij' JUaji/h (fan Jtup^ (jI/m^^*.
tSfi^t/t
'it: 'Sou trax Jisttril tuTTtrr^
15: Jitu ttcn. sJajL CA^cn^
1
'Tyi'u'Tt. yan^S
iS: ifi/xrt trau
Zp &tu ■am tan trr")
iS:
2.^:Atif ttitftm S>T^Wf
J4: «/«(>fc fy/^^ui- t\-n J^jln
jff.Jitu tan 0if,ycliX> lurmicjL
(: i^AaTM^fciT t^nM^rfii,
m
r.
\T:'£L,^4i7:i.'/,i^^,
A.: t "lii-t Jmftt^r^m —
R ; Cecrcit i/ftofffin-
I
ORIGINAL OF 163 9 , (LIBRARY OF COlsTGRESS.)
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES
41-42— a
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES
41-42-a
C. Plate 41
De Manatvs. op de Noort Riuier
(The Manatus Map — Castello Copy)
Manuscript on paper (mounted 241^ x 17-jV Date depicted: 1639.
on canvas), in colours, which Date of drawing: Probably
are considerably faded by 1665-70.
time and the influence of light.
Owner: The Italian Government; preserved in the Villa Castello, near Florence.
An anonymous Dutch map of Manhattan Island and its surroundings, including Staten
Island, Sandy Hook, the New Jersey coast, a portion of the mainland on the north side
of Harlem River (the Bronx), and the west end of Long Island. On the map are indicated
the Fort and mills belonging to the West India Company, the bouweries or farms of the
early settlers, and all the important topographical features. A key, or list of references,
is also given, which will be found printed in full under "Topography."
Reproduced and described here for the first time.
It was not until some years after the original Minuit Maps had been made, and when
the little settlement was entering its 'teens, that the Dutch settlers, or perhaps the home
government, undertook a careful and detailed survey of the island of Manhattan, which
survey was laid down in a map of the island and its immediate surroundings, drawn at a
comparatively large scale — the first special map of Manhattan Island. This survey —
the Manatus Map — includes the island of Manhattan, the western part of Long Island,
Staten Island, Sandy Hook, the Upper and Lower Bays, Newark Bay (Achter kol), and
the Jersey shore, as well as a large part of the present Bronx County.
This wonderful document, which can be definitely assigned to the year 1639, is the
starting-point in a study of the topography of New York City, taking us back to the days
of its infancy. There is, perhaps, no other city in the world, having equal claims to antiquity,
that can boast such a record of the early years of its existence. On it can be seen the farms
occupied by the first settlers on the site where now New York proudly rises, and the very
names of the occupants of each are given. The survey was evidently intended, primarily,
to show the large concessions or bouweries, as it contains no indication of the little settle-
ment clustering about the Fort, which we know from Michaelius, Wassenaer, and other
contemporary sources, had by this time begun to assume the aspect of a quite respectable
village. The farms or homesteads were built after the Dutch fashion, and were mostly
simple houses, called on the map "plantages." Even among those of a better class, called
"bouwerij," there is only one on Manhattan Island that boasts the usual appendages of
i82 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
a Dutch farm of the period, although there are others of this type on the opposite bank of
the Hudson and on Long Island. These farmsteads consisted of a house, used in common
by the settler's family and the cattle, and an outbuilding, or open-sided cover, for the hay,
called "hooischelf," or "berg" (hay-rick or mound), just the same combination as is still
encountered in many parts of Holland. There were but few established roads on Man-
hattan Island, and no market-place, only the Fort, the dwellings, or farms, and two
mills, — a saw-mill and a grist-mill. Another saw-mill is seen on Nooten (Governors)
Island.
The original of the Manatus Maps has doubtless long since perished, and its existence
is known to us only through the two almost identical copies here reproduced, which were
made probably about 1665-70 (see Introduction). It is evident that both copies were
drawn from the same original, and that one is not copied from the other, for there are
variations and omissions on both which cannot otherwise be explained. The copy preserved
at the Villa Castello, near Florence, is, in most respects, better than that belonging to the
Harrisse Collection, now in the Library of Congress. The fortunate preservation of these
two independent copies make it doubly sure that the original map contained exactly the
same material, and nothing more.
The date of the original, as we have seen in the Introduction, may be definitely assumed
as 1639, from the fact that the six bouweries of the Company are shown upon it, and that
to five of these, collectively, the remark is appended: "Five bouweries of the Company,
three of which are now {anno i6jg) again occupied."
The impulse which led to the making of this map was, no doubt, one of the first results
of the new "conditions" issued by the Directors of the West India Company in 1639,
whereby the fur-trade, which up to this time had been reserved by the Company, was
thrown open to the settlers. ['] This action produced a new influx of colonists, which was
of vital importance to the Dutch settlement, since the English were advancing more and
more from the East, and in the West the Swedes had (in 1638) begun to settle on the Dela-
ware.[^] It is a fair assumption that the original map was sent over to Holland to show
the effects of the new regulations, and with the hope of promoting further emigration.
It is interesting to observe that several buildings are indicated in the key as being in
course of construction.
We have seen that the assumption that Joannes Vingboons was the author of the map
is without justification, and probably erroneous. The map itself contains nothing to suggest
the name of its author, and it would be mere speculation to connect it with any name,[3J
although we can state, without fear of contradiction, that the unknown surveyor, whoever
he may have been, was the first who made an actual survey of Manhattan Island, and
that he fulfilled his task in a very satisfactory manner.
One of the first things that strikes us when we examine the map is the fact that the
early settlers did not confine themselves to Manhattan Island, but occupied also Nut
Island, Long Island, Staten Island, the mainland north of the Harlem River, and the
shores of New Jersey opposite Manhattan Island. This fact is strong corroborative proof
that the survey had an official significance.
We know from these maps and from other sources that the complex aggregation of
cities which in our day surrounds the mouth of the Hudson existed already, in embryo,
['] fan Rensselaer Bowier MSS., pp. 80-81.
[2] Ibid., p. 79.
[3] The prominent local surveyors of the time are referred to in Chapter VI of the Cartography, under the
Janssonius-Visscher Map and its surveyors. The author can hardly have been Andries Hudde who, Riker records,
spent the winter of 1638-9 in Europe.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 183
at this early period; although it is a noticeable fact, and one of importance, that, even
in the vicinity of the Fort, the situation of the farms or plantations does not yet suggest
any general idea of concentration. It was only after the Indian War of 1643 that the
inhabitants of Manhattan Island learned, at the cost of much bloodshed, the importance
of community life, and concentration for mutual protection. This war did much to con-
vert the colonists into town builders. The Manatus Map shows them still, to a con-
siderable extent, an unorganised group of settlers, in which each individual lived by and
for himself.
From a comparison of the maps with data contained in the documents of the period,
we shall see that, in most respects, they are accurate and trustworthy.
Reproduced and described here for the first time.
C. Plate 42
Manatvs Gelegen op de Noot [sic] Riuier
(The Manatus Map — Harrisse Copy — often referred to as the Vingboons Survey)
Manuscript on paper, in colours. 26^x17^ Date depicted: 1639.
Date of drawing: Probably
1665-70.
Owner: Library of Congress (Harrisse bequest).
Anonymous Dutch map, giving approximately the same representation as the fore-
going (PI. 41), and having the same references. The Castello and Harrisse copies of the
Manatus Map were evidently made in the same studio, about 1665-70, from the same
original, which, as we know from internal evidence, must have been made in 1639. There
are some small differences in the inscriptions on the two maps, from a study of which it
is evident that, in most respects, the copy preserved in the Villa Castello gives a more accu-
rate representation of the original than does the Harrisse copy. — See Topography.
The colours are distributed as follows: The country is coloured green; the coast-line
is shaded in blue; the islands and portions of the mainland have coloured contours —
yellow or rose; the roofs of the houses are red and blue, and the whole map is surrounded
by yellow and red lines.
The water-mark, which can be made out with difficulty, is a coat of arms with a fleur-
de-lis. Following the word "Riuier" of the title, some word has, apparently, been erased.
The entire map is covered by a network of crossing lines, scratched a froid.
This copy of the Manatus Map is briefly described by G. Marcel, in his Reproductions
de cartes fj de globes relatifs a la d'ecouverte de L'Am'erique du XFI' au XVIII' siecle (see
ante. Introduction). It is also referred to under No. 713 of the Posthumus Catalogue
(see Introduction), and under No. 277 of the Catalogue des Documents Geographiques, etc.,
exhibited at the Bibliotheque Nationale in commemoration of the four hundredth anni-
versary of the discovery of America, G. Marcel, Paris, 1892.
It is reproduced here photographically for the first time. A small free hand outline
sketch appeared in the French paper U Illustration, for July 2, 1892 (the Columbian Celebra-
tion issue of that periodical).
1 84
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
VARIATIONS IN NOMENCLATURE, ETC., ON THE MAPS [>]
GENERAL TITLE
Castello H arris se
De Manatvs. op de Noort Riuier Manatvs Gelegen op de Noot Riuier
[The Manatus on the North River] [erasure]
[Manatus lying on the North River]
REFERENCES ON MANHATTAN ISLAND
Note that No. 14, on the North R., occurs twice,
west of 13 and west of 15
No. 18 (south), No. 19 (north). Note, however,
that the descriptions of these farms in the key
are, by transposition, respectively, made to
agree in substance
No. 23 (with house)
No. 42 (no writing)
No. 45 (with house)
The island unnamed
No. 18 (north), No. 19 (south)
Lacking, but called for in the key
Number lacking, but has zeegendal
Number lacking, but has the house
t Eyland Manatus
REFERENCES ELS
Achter Col
No. 20 (on both Ward's and Randall's
No. 33 (on Staten Is.)
konyne Eylandt
Wichquawanck
Rooden Hoeck
No. 35 (south of Rooden Hoeck)
Dit fatzoen van Huysen
Keskachaue
Mareckewich
No. 38 (under 37)
No. 40 (with house)
Hellegat
EWHERE THAN ON MANHATTAN ISLAND
Erroneously, Achter 't Col
Islands) Number lacking on Randall's Island
Number lacking, but mentioned in the key.
Conyne Eylant
Wich Quawanck
Rooden houc
Erroneously written, No. 25 (note that 25 is also
on Manhattan in both maps)
Bewoonen de Wilden Dit fatcoen Huysen Bewoonen wilden Keskachaue
Marec [space] kewich
Erroneously written. No. 36 (see the real 36 in
dotted heart line, to the south-east)
Number lacking, but called for in the key
Helle Gadt
VARIATIONS IN NOMENCLATURE, ETC., IN THE KEYS[']
BOUWERIES AND PLANTATIONS [^]
Castello
Aenwysing der Plaetsen op en cm Manatus.
[Indication of the places on and in the neighbour-
hood of Manatus.]
I : Comp. Bouerij met een trefFelyck Huys
Harrisse
Aenwysing der voornaemste Plaetsen op de
Manatvs.
[Indication of the principal places on the Ma-
natus.]
N°. I Comp Bouwery met Een TrefFelleyck Huys
[>] For the purpose of easy comparison, the tables of references and the other inscriptions found on the Cas-
tello and Harrisse copies are here literally transcribed, and the variations in nomenclature, etc., both on the maps
and in the keys, are noted. Translations of the references are given later, under the detailed descriptions.
[-] The principal difference between the bouweries and the plantations seems to be that the former were fully
developed farms, with cattle, etc., whereas the latter were probably confined to the raising of tobacco or other
crops. The author has recently learned of the forthcoming publication of a hitherto unrecorded letter, written
by Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, and said to throw new light upon the original bouweries. See forthcoming Hol-
land Society Year Book, 1916, and Chronology, 1638.
THE MANATUS MAPS
i8S
2 I vyf vervallen Boueryen vande Comp ledich
4/- staan waer van nu A" 1639 weder 3 Be-
S \ woont worden
6)
7: Plantage van Tomas sanders
8: Plantage van Out Jan
9: Plantage van Jan pietersen
10: Plantage van 't wilier
1 1 : Plantage van Boerebacker
12: Plantage van M° Lesle, De nevesinx
13: Plan, van Tomas Betts [Beets?]
14: Plan, van Jan van Rotterdam
15: Plan van Hendrick pietersen
16: Bouerij van Boere Backer
17: Plan, van Jacob van CoUaar
18: BoQ. van Loein entangle
19: BoS. van Cornells van thienhoouen
20: Bou. van Twiller in't Hellegat
21: Bou. van senikant
22: BoS. van Antonij du Turck
23: Bou van Jan claessen
24: Plan, van David de Provoost
25: Plafi. van Hendrick de Snyder
26: Plan, van Tymen Jansen
27: Bou. van van vcirst
28: vanheyndrick va vorst
29: Bou. van Jan Everts
30: Plan, op Jan de Latershoeck
31: dry plan, op pouels Hoeck
32: Plafi van Maerynes
33: Plan van Dauidt pieters
34: nooten Eylaii. met een plan va twiller
35: twe beginsels efi 3 Plantage van Panne-
backerij
36: twee Bou efi 2 Plari. van wolfert Gerrits met
2 van Syn Consoorten
37: Plafi. van gegoergesyn
38: dry plant.
39: Plan, van claes de Noorman
40: Bou. van dirck de Noorman
41 : Bou. van Cosyn
42: Begonnen Boil Poelem pietersen is syn
Begryp soo veer 't met stip is Afgeset vari
Rivier tot 't hooge sant ende genaemt Zee-
gendal
43 : Begonnen Bou van Jonas Brom
44: Plafi. van pieter de schoorstienveeger
45: Plari. van snyder
A: 't Fort Amsterdam
B: Cooren Moolen
C: Saag moolen
9:
10:
11:
12:
13:
14:
15:
16:
17:
18:
19:
20:
21:
22 '.
23:
24:
25:
26:
27:
28:
29:
30:
31:
32:
33:
34:
35:
36:
37
38
39
40
4'
42
vyfF vervallen Bouweryen vande Comp die
ledich staen waer van nu (si" 1639 weeder
3 bewoont word
Plantage van Tomes Sanders
Plantage van Out Jan
Plantage van Jan Pietersz
Plantage van Twiller
Plantage van Boere baecker
Planfa. van M.° Lesle de Neve Sinx
Planta van Tomas Bets
Planta van Jan van Rotterdam
Planta van Hendrick Pietersz
Brouwery van Boere Backer
Planta van Jacob van CoUaar.
Bouwer va Cornelis van Thienhooven
bouwerij van Loen ontangele
Bouw van Twiller in't hellegat
Bouw van Senikant.
Bou van Antoni du Turck
Bon van Jan Claesen
Plafi van Davit de Provoost.
Plafi van Hendric de Snyder
Plari van Tymen Jansz
Boil van van vorst.
v
Bou van Jan Eeverts
Plari op de Laeter Hoeck
dry Plant op Poueles Hoeck
Plafi van Maeryenes
Plari van Davidt Pietter
nooten Eylaii met Een Plan van Twiller
twee begifi efi 3 Planta vafi Pannebackerij
2 plari eri 2 bou. van wolfert Geritsz met 2
van Syn Consor
Plant van Gegoergesyn
3 Plan van gegoergesyn
Planta van Claes norman
Bou van Dieryck de Norman
Bou van Cosyn
Begonen Bou van Poelen PieteT' in Syn
begryp Soo 't gestipt is vaii Rivier tot 't
hooge Sant
Begonen bou van Jonas Bromck
Planta van Pieter Schorstinve
Planta vande Snyder
't Fort Amsterdam
Cooren Moolen
Saeg Moolen
i86 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
D: Saag Moolen D: saeg Moolen
E: varckens Eylandt E: [Lacking, but shown on map]
F: 't Quartier van de swarten de Comp slaven F: 't Quartier vande Swarte de Comp Slaven
TOPOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL DATA
NATURAL FEATURES
Manhattan Island, as represented on the Manatus Maps, is somewhat too broad in
proportion to its length; yet its salient features are well delineated. The point of Corlaer's
Hook is exaggerated, as is the run of water north of it — Stuyvesant's Creek — which, drain-
ing the salt meadows, enters the East River at about i8th Street and First Avenue.
Following the contour of the shore, northward, one comes to Kip's Bay, at about 34th
Street; the indentation opposite the southern extremity of Blackwell's Island is Turtle
Bay, between 4Sth and 48th Streets, with the Mill-stream falling into it. The next rivulet
is the Saw-kill, which enters the river near the foot of 74th Street. The larger creek,
between the reference numbers 18 and 19 on the map, is Montagne's Kill, later Benson's
Mill Creek, or Harlem Mill Creek. Its mouth is at the foot of 108th Street. The deep
indentation just to the south is the Bay of Hellgate.
The kill to the south of Kuyter's house (42) seems to have been deeper and wider in
1639 than in recent times; Randel's Map, of 1819, shows it as a sluggish stream, draining
salt meadows and entering the East River at 124th Street. The cape at the north end of
Kuyter's peninsula formerly bore the name Gloudie's Point, a corruption of the name
of Claude Le Maistre; it was later known as Bussing's Point. It is properly laid down
upon the Manatus Map, and its position with relation to Devoe's Point, on the Westchester
shore, agrees perfectly with the modern map. The last inlet corresponds with the mouth
of Sherman's Creek, between Dyckman and Academy Streets.
The two creeks penetrating the Westchester mainland are Cromwell's, called by the
Indians "the Kill of Mannepies," and Mosholu or Tippett's Brook, which drained Van
Cortlandt Lake into the Spuyten Duyvil.
The only stream on the North River side is the Great Kill, near the foot of 42d Street,
between the two reference numbers 14. The cove further north, rather deeply indenting
the shore-line near 96th Street, was later called Striker's Bay.
The area covered by the Fresh Water (Collect) and by the marshes to the east and
west of it is clearly defined, between reference numbers 7 and 9, as are the high hills forming
the ridge or back-bone of Manhattan. The islands in the East River are approximately
correct in outline and location.
ROADS, ETC.
The earliest mention found in the records of roads on Manhattan Island is in 1638
{N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 6, 13); the second reference (on page 13) being to the "Strand"
road, which coincides with the broken line on the Manatus Maps from No. 41, past Nos.
10 and 12, to the strand of the North River. Not until July 13, 1643, do we begin to find
mention of the public wagon-road. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 368; 1645, ibid., 370; 1647,
ibid., 374. Reference to the "three corners of the inner wagon road" appears in a calendar
entry under date of February 17, j6^6.—Ibid., 370. The road to the Company's brewery
is mentioned October 6 and 24, 1646 (ibid., 372), and the Sapokanican wagon-road March
12 and 13, 1647 {ibid., 372, 373); although the road to Sapokanican, as already noted,
was known as early as 1638 — as the Strand road.
The Harrisse copy of the Manatus Map (C. PI. 42) shows the roads in dash lines,
THE MANATUS MAPS 187
quite unlike the dotted lines which, according to a statement in the text on the Maps, are
used to indicate the boundaries of the farms.
The lower road, indicated between Nos. 4 and 41, was without doubt the Bowery
Lane, and formed part of "the wagon-road to Sapokanican." It turned westward at Cosvn
Gerritsen's bouwery, passing Van Twiller's, and reaching the Hudson River at Lesley's
plantation (12). It was the old road over the Sand Hills (Zantberg), nearly on the line
of Astor Place, and continued north through Greenwich Lane and west to the river along
the line of the old road shown north of Gansevoort Street on the Maerschalck Survey of
1762, among the Warren papers in N. Y. Hist. Society.
The two roads which seem to spring from about the head of the Mill Creek (Benson's)
intersected that stream near the present Eighth Avenue and I22d Street. The one turning
to the north can be plainly identified as a section of the later Kingsbridge Road, as far as
155th Street, where it turned easterly below the hill to Sherman's Creek. The road which
turns towards the east was doubtless the old Indian trail spoken of by Riker {Hist, of
Harlem, 190), [i] and was probably the earliest road in the village of Harlem. It reached
the river just south of 125th Street, and "lay about east and west" till it met the north
branch of Montagne's Kill, where it joined the longer road — i. e. Harlem Lane. Its
western end long preserved its identity, as Benson's Lane. These two roads evidently
followed the earlier dotted lines bounding the bouwery of Jochem Pietersen Kuyter.
The hayricks, shown in connection with reference numbers i, 27, 28, 29, and 35, are
exactly like the one in the early views, which has so often been mistaken for a belfry. Their
form is most clearly shown on the Harrisse copy. In contemporary Dutch records these
were called "berghen."— A^. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 10, 46.
The anchors on the maps seem to have been intended to define the limits within
which anchorage was allowed, or were, perhaps, meant to show good holding-ground for
ships. — See Chronology, 1647, July 4, and 1656, August 11.
On the Harrisse copy, a line drawn in pencil (which does not appear very clearly in
the reproduction) extends from the anchorage just inside of Sandy Hook to a point west
of "Rooden houc," where it divides into two lines, one of which, passing to the west of
Governors Island, ends at the anchorage in the North River, near the mill lettered B, the
other, passing between Governors and Long Islands, ends at the anchorage on the other
side of the point, in the East River, each of which locations, as already mentioned, is
designated on the maps by an anchor. These lines evidently indicate the usual courses
followed by ships in approaching and leaving the city.
REFERENCES — BOUWERIES AND PLANTATIONS *
(C.) i: Comp. Bouerij met een trefFelyck Huys
(H.) N° I Comp'Bouwery met Een TrafFelleyck Huys
([The] Company's Bouwery with an excellent house)
Bouwery No. i. This bouwery, often referred to as "the Noble Company's Great
Bouwery," was bounded westerly by the Bowery Road (present Fourth Avenue), from
about Stuyvesant Street to 17th Street; by the Bloomingdale Road (modern Broadway)
to 23d Street, and by the Eastern Post Road, which turned diagonally north-east across
the present Madison Square, from the corner of 23d Street and Broadway to 30th Street
and Lexington Avenue. Its north boundary was the line of the Kip's Bay farm at
about 30th Street, which it followed easterly nearly to Second Avenue; the line then
[■] All references to Riker's History of Harlem, unless otherwise specified, are to the 1881 edition.
•Owing to an unfortunate misunderstanding, a few of the accents, etc., occurring in this section, were incor-
rectly transcribed from the list on pp. 1R4-86, where they are correctly given.
i88 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
turned south-easterly to the river at First Avenue and 24th Street; then along the river-
bank to a line in continuation of Stuyvesant Street, and so back to the Bowery Road.
Bouwery No. i was leased to Van Twiller, April 22, 1638, for 250 Carolus guilders
per annum, and one-sixth of the produce. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 7. According to Gillis
Pietersen van der Gouw's report, of March 22, 1639, of the buildings erected during Van
Twiller's administration, there were, on farm No. i, at that time, a dwelling-house, a very
good barn, a boat-house, and a brewery covered with tiles. — Ibid., XIV: 16; Albany Rec,
I: 81. The plantation consisted of sixty morgen (one hundred and twenty acres), and
was deeded to Stuyvesant, March 12, 1651, for 6,400 guilders {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 54),
and confirmed in his possession by Governor NicoUs, November 6, 1667. — Patents, III:
140 (Albany). The kill or creek to the north of it, bounding it in that direction, is plainly
visible on the Ratzer Map, of 1766-7, between the Stuyvesant and Watts estates; on the
Randel Map, of 1819, it enters the river near the foot of East i8th Street.
The "TrefFelyck Huys" upon this bouwery was successively the residence of Minuit
and Van Twiller, and stands on the Manatus Maps where later was erected the mansion
called "Petersfield," in the area now bounded by 15th and i6th Streets, First Avenue
and Avenue A.
Without doubt. Van Twiller was in possession of this bouwerj^ in 1632. In a letter
from Kiliaen van Rensselaer to Coenraet Notelman, dated July 20, 1632, he says: "I wish,
now that the farm of minuit has been granted to my nephew wouter van Twiller, that you
might get that of 5yfof/^ and also that I might get the surplus young stock of both, . . ." —
Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 213-14.
(C.) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 vyf vervallen Boueryen vande Comp ledich staan waer van nu A°
i639['] weder 3 Bewoont worden
(Five run down bouweries of the Company, remaining idle, whereof
now, in the year 1639, 3 are again occupied.)
(H.) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 vyfF vervallen Bouweryen vande Comp die ledich staen waer van
nu a° 1639 weeder 3 bewoont word
(Five run down bouweries of the Company, which stand [stood] idle
whereof now, A° 1639, 3 are again occupied.)
These bouweries, except No. 6, were all on the east side of the wagon-path, or the old
Bowery Road, north of the later Division Street and south of the Great Bouwery.
In a deposition, dated April 16, 1639, Jacob Stoffelsen, overseer, aged about thirty-
seven years, Gillis Pietersen van der Gouw, house-carpenter, aged twenty-seven years,
and Tymen Jansen, ship-carpenter, aged thirty-six years, jointly declare:
that it is true, that in the year 1638, the twenty-eighth day of March, being the day on which
William Kieft arrived here in the ship the Haring, said Director Kieft did find. . . five farms
without tenants thrown in commons without one single creature remaining in property to the Com-
pany, all having been disposed of in other hands. — N. Y. Hist. Society Collections, 1841, p. 279.
The West India Company originally laid out six bouweries. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV:
5, 6, 19, 20. Isaac de Rasieres, writing in 1628, says that four of them lay "along the
River Hellgate, stretching to the south side of the island," and that numbers i and 2,
the "hindermost farms," were the best. — Jameson's Nar. N. Netk., 104. His location of
them is correct. No. I, the Great Bouwery {N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 7, 16, 18); Barent
Dircksen's Farm, next south (undoubtedly No. 2, though not so called in the patent); and
No. 3, Bylevelt's Bouwery {Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 225-9, 3i7~i8)> ^11 reached the
['] It is this reference which fixes the date of the original of the Manatus Maps.
THE MANATUS MAPS 189
river and marshes, and later were included in the Stuyvesant farm. Nos. 4 and 5 extended
only from the Bowery Road to Van Corlaer's Great Plantation (17), which intervened
between them and the river, or to a line nearly coinciding with Attorney or Ridge Street;
while No. 6, although it lay behind Van Corlaer's Hook, had the river to the south of it.
In view of these well-known facts, it is evident that the numerals 2, 3, 4, and 5 do not
occupy their proper places on the Manatus Maps. No. 6 is in its true position. Nos. 5
and 4 should lie north of No. 6, between the road and Van Corlaer (17). Nos. 3 and 2
should range themselves with No. I on the river-shore, above 17. Probably No. i
was the original No. 2. The farms numbered 6, 5, 4, and 3 were all granted by number,
between 1645 and 1647. — Liber GG: 120, 129, 134, 195 (Albany). It has not been found
possible satisfactorily to account for these curious errors on the Manatus Maps in any
other way than by supposing that they are the result of carelessness in copying the
original, an opinion that is strengthened by our knowledge of other errors in numera-
tion occurring on the two copies.
Bouwery No. 6 was occupied by Wolphert Gerritsen van Couwenhoven before November
15, 1639, when a lease from Director General Kieft to Abraham Pietersen Gorter, for a
term of twenty years, was recorded. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 26. Later, on March 18,
1647, the director and council granted the land, amounting to twenty-eight and one-half
morgen, or about fifty-seven acres, to Cornelis Jacobsen Stille. — Liber GG: 195 (Albany).
It afterwards became part of the Harmanus Rutgers Farm, which lay south of Division,
east of Catharine, and west of Montgomery Street. The house shown on tha maps is
not far distant from the site of the later Rutgers mansion, afterwards owned by William B.
Crosby.— Liber Deeds, XXXIII: 2i.[i]
(C.) 7: Plantage van Tomas sanders
(H.) 7: Plantage van Tomes Sanders
Tomas Sanders, or Sandersen, of Amsterdam, the smith, received a grant from Director
Kieft, near Werpoes, in the year 1638. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 14. Werpoes was the
name given by the Indians to a locality north of the Fresh Water (the Collect). The
plantation was later called "the Malle smits berch" (Mad Smith's Hill). — Cal. Hist. MSS.,
Dutch, 45, 51. This hill was a considerable elevation, at what is now the intersection of
Grand and Mulberry Streets, and was later variously known as Bayard's Mount, Mt.
Pleasant, and Bunker Hill. It was fortified during the American Revolution. The
Smith's Hill property was granted, in 1697, by Governor Fletcher, to Col. Nicholas Bayard.
— Patents, YIl: 130 (Albany).
Although Sandersen owned several lots on Manhattan Island {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch,
368, 369), he is never found on the East River shore, nor near the outlet of the Fresh Water.
The locality marked 7 on the Manatus Maps was not his, but was granted to Tymen
Jansen by Director Kieft, on July 3, 1640. — Hoffman's Estate and Rights of the Corporation
of the City of N. Y., II: 231. Judge Hoffman in this place quotes the year erroneously
as 1654. cf, ibid., 216. Jansen's widow married Govert Loockermans. — See Land Mark
Map.
Thomas Sandersen received a grant, September 14, 1645, of a lot for a house and garden
at the present north-east corner of Beaver Street and Broadway. — Liber GG.102 (Albany).
This ground-brief probably confirmed an earlier occupation by the smith. The location
bears exactly the same relation to the north-east bastion of the Fort that the number 26
does on the maps.
I'] Unless otherwise specified, ail libers of conveyances referred to are in the office of the Register of New York
County.
I90 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Attention is called to the fact that the designations on the maps, Nos. 7 and 26, to
Tomas Sanders and Tymen Jansen, respectively, are in exact reversal of the known and
recorded grants to these settlers. The coincidence is striking, and perhaps significant.
(C.) 8: Plantage van Out Jan
(H.) 8: Plantage van Out Jan
It would seem as though the surveyor had here confused Old Jan['] with Jan Jansen
Damen, to whom Director Kieft leased two parcels of land in this vicinity, April 19, 1638,
for a term of six years. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, i. A fuller transcript of this Dutch
record is contained in Bulletin, Bibliography 46, issued by the N. Y. State Education
Department, Albany, 1910:
The larger of which has thus far been used by the blacks, and is situated on the east of the
road, [being bounded] on the north by the said Jan Damen, on the south by the esplanade of the
fort, and on the east by Philip de Truy; and the smaller situated to the north of the company's
garden and to the south of the said Jan Damen, extending from the road to the river.
This second parcel was granted, on the expiration of the lease, to Cornelis Groesens,
January 10, 1645. The part east of the road was parcelled out to various settlers even
earlier. This land covered Trinity church-yard and the land about opposite on the east
side of Broadway. — See Map of Dutch Grants and Key thereto.
(C.) 9: Plantage van Jan pietersen
(H.) 9: Plantage van Jan Pietersz
The settler here alluded to was Jan Pietersen van Housem, a Danish immigrant,
whose death occurred before May 17, 1644 {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 88), and whose widow,
Elsje Jans, was again married on July 3, 1644. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 12. The Jans
relationship is interesting here. Van Housem's descendants, spelling their name variously
Van Husem, Van Hoese, and Van Huse, mortgaged this property, in 171 1, and sold part of
it March 13, 1721, to Anthony Duane and others.^ — Liber Deeds, XXX: 228-33. I"
the Warren Papers (in the N. Y. Hist. Society), there is an original deed from Catherine
Van Huse to Maritje Mandevil, dated January 16, 1723 (4), for about four acres of this
land. This plantation and plantations Nos. 10, 11, and 12 were bounded easterly and
northerly by the road of which our present Greenwich Avenue forms a part, and which
curved out to the river above Gansevoort Street. They were bounded south probably by
the Manetta water to its outlet near Charlton Street. — See Randel's Map of Farms (PI. 86).
(C.) 10: Plantage van 't wilier
(H.) 10: Plantage van Twiller
Wouter van Twiller had a patent for one hundred morgen of land in 1638 {Liber GG:
23, Albany), later called a tobacco plantation, "near Sapohanikan on the North river with
palisades around it." — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 3, 13, 19. In a report to Oliver de Lancey,
Esq., by Jacob Goelet, dated December 21, 1762 (De Lancey Papers, in N. Y. Hist. Society),
[■] The very well-known tract called "Old Jan's Land" lay north of the Predicant's Bouwery (the Preacher's
farm, No. 21), and its true position on the Manatus Maps would be southward of No. II and westward of No. 9.
"Old Jan" was the popular designation of Jan Celes, Seles, Seals, or Scales (as his nameis variously spelled), an English-
man, who came to New Netherland as early as November 25, 1638. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 6;. He was dead
before August g, 1645, when his wife, Marij Robbertszen, was married to Thomas Grijdij (Grady). — Marriages in
Reformed Dutch Church, New York, in Collections N. Y. Geneal. & Biog. Soc, 1890, p. 13. On April 3, 1647, Tonis
Nysen received a patent for the "plantation formerly occupied by Jan Celes, adjoining rev. Everardus Bogardus's
land, and the negroes' plantation." — Liber GG: 208 (Albany); Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 374; cf. also gg.
THE MANATUS MAPS 191
it is stated that this land "was engaged to him (Van Twiller) before 7 June, 1629. "[']
The tract was bounded north by the road from the Strand along Jan van Rotterdam's
land. The grant expressly provides that "all such roads and foot-paths as already run
through this land shall continue there for the use of the inhabitants." This bouwery
lay some distance west of the Bowery Road and south-west of Greenwich Lane. It was
leased to Thomas Hall in 1641 {N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 35-6), and later became a part
of Sir Peter Warren's large estate.
(C.) 11: Plantage van Boerebacker
(H.) II: Plantage van Boere baecker
(Plantation of farmer baker)
This settler's name was Barent Dircksen Swart, baker, from Noorden. There is a
deed of record from Barent Dircksen, baker, to Gerrit Jansen from Oldenburch and Volckert
Evertsen {N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 23) of a "plantation heretofore occupied by said Barent
Dircksen bounded Southerly by the plantation of Mr. Fiscock, and Northerly by Mr.
Lesley," which, on May 14, 1638, was leased by Dircksen to Cornelis Jacobsen, Sr., of
Mertensdyk and Cornelis Jacobsen, Jr. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, i.
In all probability, this was the bouwery called "Wallenstyne." On May 14, 1639,
Dircksen leased "Walenstein" to Gerrit Jansen and Volckert Evertsen. — Ibid., 8. On
February 23, 1640, he had an action in the provincial court against Gerrit Jansen, to enforce
the sale of a farm which Jansen refused to accept on the ground that "he was drunk when
he bought it." — Ibid., 70. "Walensteyn" was leased again by Dircksen, August 26,
1643, to Bout Fransen. — Ibid., 19. This bouwery, being south of Lesley's, occupied the
land now in the vicinity of Christopher Street and the Hudson River.
(See notes under No. 16, another bouwery belonging to Barent Dircksen, the Boore-
backer.)
(C.) 12: Plantage van M° Lesle, De nevesinx
(H.) 12: Planta. van M° Lesle de Neve Sinx
This was Lesley's plantation. The land was deeded December 17, 1638, by one Edward
Wilson, an English inhabitant, to "Francis Lastley," also called Mr. Lesle de Neve-Sinx,
Lesley, or Leslee. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 4; cf. also 66. Lesley was dead by August 24,
1643, when curators were appointed over his estate {ibid., 23); and his plantation was
sold to Michael Jansen, August 14, 1646. The original deed may be found in the De
Peyster Papers, in the N. Y. Hist. Society. It was confirmed by Governor Nicolls, June 19,
1667. — Idem. Michael Jansen sold the tract, amounting to twenty-five morgen, to Har-
men Smeeman, May 4, 1653. — Liber HH: 31 (Albany).
(C.) 13: Plafi. van Tomas Betts [Beets?]
(H.) 13: Planta van Tomas Bets
This name is sometimes written Beets and sometimes Bets. No record has been found
of this settler's possession on Manhattan Island. He died before April, 1641, when his
widow, "Nanne," entered into a marriage contract with Thomas Smith, altered by a new
contract of December 14, 1642. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 15. The grant to Ariaen Pietersen
van Alckmaer, No. 15, bounds south by Jan Virginyes (undoubtedly Jan Vinge). In
September and October, 1667, land in the same locality as the Betts plantation was patented
to Jan Vinge and three associates by Governor Nicolls. — Patents, II: 97, iii (Albany).
[') The Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions was passed June 7, 1629. — Lavi! li Ord., N. Neth., l-io. The
reference in the report to de Lancey above cited appears to indicate that the grant to Van Twiller was "engaged
to him" before the art should become operative.
192 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
(C.) 14: Plan, van Jan van Rotterdam
(H.) 14: Planta van Jan van Rotterdam
Jan Cornelissen van Rotterdam was a settler of good family, as is shown by the
fact that he and his brother, Adriaen Cornelissen, were both designated as "Joncker,"
in a power of attorney made September 4, 1662, by Jan Cornelissen's daughter, Maritje,
then the wife of Cornells van Langevelde, appointing Andries Jeremiassen Spieringh her
agent to recover her father's estate in Holland. — Fa7i der Veen's Records, in Min. of Orph.
Court, II: 25-6.
Jan Cornelissen had occupied a plantation on Long Island before May 17, 1639. —
N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 20-21. On July 7, 1639, a lease was made by Volckert Evertsen
and Gerrit Jansen to Willem Willemsen for a plantation on the North River "heretofore
occupied by Jan van Rotterdam and at present by Barent Dircksen Swart." — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 8. This was in all probability a portion of No. 14 on the Manatus Maps.
In the Indian uprising of February, 1643, Jan van Rotterdam was killed, and on August
31, 1643, his widow, Aeltje Jans van Bremen, married Pieter Collet. — Marriages in Ref.
Dutch Ch., 12. She died in 1645, leaving three children, whose affairs seem to have been
managed from Holland; the Amsterdam Chamber, by a resolution of April 25, 1652,
authorising a grant to Claes Jansen Backer of land "formerly in the possession of Jan
van Rotterdam." — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 277. The three children, Jan, Marretie, and
Cornelis, were "bound out" and, on May 11, 1657, were in the care, respectively, of Cornells
Jansen Clopper, Isaac Kip, and Evert Duyckingh, three well-known burghers of New
Amsterdam, with whom they had lived "for a longer or shorter period." — Min. of Orph.
Court,l: 32-3-[']
The lower farm was granted to Allard Anthony and Paulus Leenderts van der Grift,
February 16, 1662. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 234. This tract, called 53 morgen,
became vested in Jellis Jansen Mandeville, June 21, 1679. — Liber Deeds, XXVI: 474;
Liber B: 185. It lay between 14th and 24th Streets, Eighth Avenue and the Hudson
River. It later became known as the Yellis Mandeville Farm.
The upper plantation at the Great Kill — the stream which fell into the Hudson River
near the foot of 42d Street — is surrounded by a dotted boundary line, which seems to
enclose the valley of the Kill. It lies, generally speaking, between 37th and 47th Streets,
west of Tenth Avenue. The house stood near the spot where Robert Burrage Norton
afterwards built, on the bank of the river near 43d Street. The topographical situation
may be noted on Randel's Map of Farms (PI. 86).
(C.) 15: Plan van Hendrick pietersen
(H.) 15: Planta van Hendrick Pietersz
Hendrick Pietersen van Wesel, nicknamed in the records "Kint in 't Water" (Child
in the Water), is found in New Netherland as early as January 13, 1639. — Cal. Hist. MSS.,
Dutch, 5. On February 3, 1640, he deeded his plantation, "against the Reed valley beyond
Sappokanican," to Adriaen Pietersen, "from Alckmaer" {N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 27-8;
Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 12), and the latter received a patent for it, dated April 13, 1647. —
Liber GG: 212 (Albany). This land lay just south of the Great Kill. Its approximate
location was from 34th to 38th Street, west of Eighth Avenue.
['] A manuscript translation by O'Callaghan of the records of the Orphanmasters Court is preserved in the
City Clerk's Library, and bears the title: Minutes of the Orphan Court of the City of New Amsterdam in New Netherland
From its Erection in 1655 to 166S. Another translation, by Berthold Fernow, has been published in two volumes by
the Colonial Dames of the State of New York. A calendar of the original Dutch Minutes has also been made, by
Dingman Veerstcg, and may be found in the Holland Society Year Book for 1900. All these translations have been
cited in the present work.
THE MANATUS MAPS 193
(C.) 16: Bouerij van Boere Backer
(H.) 16: Brouwery van Boere Backer
(Bouwery of farmer baker)
This settler was Barent Dircksen van Noorden, vpho was in New Netherland as early
as January i, 1632. — Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 193. His widow married Harmen
Smeeman, who, on April 2, 1647, obtained a grant from Kieft of her first husband's estate,
which lay on the East River, "bounded North by the Noble Company's Great Bouwery." —
Patents, U: 139 (Albany); Liber GG: 207 (Albany); Liber HH: 26 (Albany). It contained
twenty-three morgen, four hundred and eighty-six rods.— Ca/. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 374.
In the reference last quoted it is stated that it lay north of the Company's Great Bouwery.
This is an error.
Smeeman afterwards sold this farm to Willem Beeckman, April i, 1653 {Liber HH:
26, Albany); Beeckman transported (conveyed), in 1656, to Stuyvesant, who was con-
firmed by Nicolls in its possession, November 6, 1667. — Patents, II: 139 (Albany). It
thus became a part of the Stuyvesant estate.
(See also No. 11, another farm belonging to Barent Dircksen, the Boore-backer.)
(C.) 17: Plaii. van Jacob van CoUaar
(H.) 17: Planta van Jacob van Collaar
This was Jacob van Curler, or Corlaer. Under the latter variant, the grant was made
to him of this land by Van Twiller and council before 1638. Corlaer's plantation is men-
tioned on October 19, 1645, as lying in front of Leendert Aerden's plantation, which latter
included Bylevelt's bouwery, or farm No. 3. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 370. B. Fernow,
in a footnote to the deed to Leendert Arentsen (Aerden), dated May 18, 1639, also describes
Corlaer's Hoek as lying near farm No. 3 of the Company. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 19, 21.
On September 28, 1640, Van Corlaer executed a lease of his plantation at the East River,
"with the contiguous Hook, called, in the Indian language, Nechtanc," to Willem Hendrick-
sen and Gysbert Cornelissen. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 14. Later (February 22, 1652),
he deeded this property to Willem Beeckman, and it was confirmed by Governor Nicolls
to Beeckman, August 10, 1667. — Patents, II: 90 (Albany).
This plantation was about seventy-six acres in extent, and lay along the East River
from Houston Street around Corlaer's Hook; it was irregular in shape and reached west
as far as Attorney Street.
When the Company's farm No. 5 was leased to Harmansen, on May 18, 1639, it was
described as having been formerly occupied by Jacob van Curler. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV:
22-3.
(C.) 18: Bou. van Loein ontangle
(H.) 19: bouwerij van Loen ontangele
These two names are corruptions of La Montague. The designation on the maps is
Montagne's Point. It is described in an Indian deed of August 20, 1669, as "the Point
named Rechawanis, bounded between two creeks, and hills, and behind, a stream which
runs to Montagne's Flat; with the meadows from the bend of the Hellegat to Konaande
Kongh." — MS. Harlem Records, II: 80; Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 287-8. This last word is
derived from ko, a fall or cascade, and ononda, a hill; kong signifying an elevated place or
locality. The two creeks were the Kill of Rechawanis (Benson's Mill Creek), which
bounds the point on the north, and another stream to the south, draining the meadows
and emptying into the Bay of Hellgate, which stream is not depicted on the Manatus
194 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Maps, but is very clearly shown on Randel's Map, of 1819 (PI. 86). The strezm, or fonleyn,
as the Dutch called it, "behind" the point, was the boundary stream which the Manatus
Maps show between the Flats and the Point.
Here, at Konaande Kongh, Hendrick de Forest built his house; but before it was
quite finished, he died, July 26, 1637 {Fan Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 382), and De la Mon-
tagne completed the structure. — Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 136, 143. Its true location is
established for the first time from its indication on the Manatus Maps. In 1636, De
Forest had obtained from Van Twiller the grant of one hundred morgen of land on the
flats called by the Indians Muscoota, and later known as, Montagne's Flats. — Ibid., 140.
Muscoota was the low ground west of the creek, not numbered on the Manatus Maps,
but lying north of No. 18 and west of No. 19. In 1639, De Forest's widow married
Andries Hudde (Record in City Archives at Amsterdam, quoted by Mrs. Robert W. de
Forest, in A Walloon Family in America, II: 357), who, on July 20, 1638, had received
from Kieft the earliest recorded ground-brief on Manhattan Island. — Liber GG: 21
(Albany). Not until June 24, 1638, had the director-general and council, upon a peti-
tion from the freemen, resolved to give titles to the farms. — Laws y Ord. N. Neth., 16;
see also Chronology. The plantation having been sold to satisfy some claims against
the De Forest estate, Jean de la Montague bought it, October 7, 1638, at a public vendue
held in the Fort, paying 1,700 guilders. — Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 146; cf. Liber GG: 216
(Albany). He then procured a patent from Kieft, May 9, 1647 (ibid., 216), which
covered not only De Forest's original farm of one hundred morgen on the Flats but also
the point called "Rechawanis," which it carefully describes, reciting that it had all been
"occupied by Hendrick Foreest, deceased."
The fact that De Forest's house stood on the Point, Rechawanis, and not on the flat
lands, Muscoota, verifies this recital. Hitherto, it has been assumed that De Forest's
holdings covered only the one hundred morgen afterward patented to Hudde. Riker
says (p. 209) that La Montagne was the original grantee of the Point. This early map
shows authoritatively that the pioneer settler of Harlem, Hendrick de Forest, was in pos-
session of both the Point and the Flat.
La Montagne, August 20, 1669 (old style), obtained from the Indians a release confirm-
ing him in the possession of the point named Rechawanis. — Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 287-8.
The house of De Forest, later Montagne's, stood on the high ground near McGowan's
Pass, now in Central Park, which site was fortified during the War of 1812. Its approxi-
mate location was west of Fifth Avenue at 107th Street. The fonteyn still feeds the Park
lake.
(C.) 19: Bou. van Cornelis van thienhoouen
(H.) 18: Bouwer va Cornelis van Thienhooven
Cornelis van Tienhoven, well known as the book-keeper of the Company in 1633, and
provincial secretary, April i, 1638, vice Andries Hudde. — Register of N. Neth., 25, 27.
This locality was known as the "Otterspoor," and also as Van Keulen's Hook {Cal.
Hist. MSS., Dutch, 20, 386, 387), and consisted of one hundred morgen, originally granted
about 1636 to Jacob Van Curler. It is admirably shown on Riker's map, in his History
of Harlem, p. 620. Van Curler leased it, on May 18, 1638, to Claes [Cornelissen Swits]
{Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, i), and some time prior to January 24, 1639, deeded the property
to Cornelis van Tienhoven, who, on the last-named date, leased to Claes Cornelissen Swits
and Jan Claessen Alteras the bouwery "previously occupied by Jacobus van Curler, and
situated opposite Johannes la Montagne's bouwery, called Vredendael." — Ibid., 5. The
deed made by Van Curler to Van Tienhoven is undated, but is included between two items,
THE MANATUS MAPS 195
dated May 12 and May 16, 1639, in the Register of the Provincial Secretary {ibid., 7),
which may indicate that the deed was not registered until some months after the sale of
the farm to Van Tienhoven. But Van Tienhoven soon (August 22, 1639) deeded the farm
to Coenraet van Ceulen, of Amsterdam, Holland.— Ca/. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 36:;; Liber
GG: 31 (Albany).
Jurian Hendricksen, of Osnabrugh, on December 6, 1642, contracted to build a house
for Director Kieft at the Otterspoor.— Ca/. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 20.
A patent to Van Tienhoven was recorded in July, 1645 (Liber GG: 100, Albany),
evidently for the purpose of perfecting Van Ceulen's title. The creek separating Nos. 18
and 19, called by the Indians the Kill of Rechawanis, was later successively known as
Montagne's Kill, Harlem Mill Creek, and Benson's Mill Creek. It entered the river at
about lo8th Street.
(C.) 20: Bou. van Twiller in't Hellegat
(H.) 20: Bouw van Twiller in't hellegat
(Bouwery of Van Twiller, in the Hellegat)
(Note: On the Harrisse copy, only the larger island [Ward's] has a reference number.)
These islands in the East River (Hellegat) were granted to Van Twiller by an Indian
deed acknowledging transfer, cession, surrender, and conveyance "to and for the behoof
of ff outer van Twiller, Director General of New Netherland, the two islands, situate in
the Hellegat, of which the larger [Ward's Island] is called Tenkenas and the smaller [Randall's
Island] Minnahanonck, lying to the west of the larger, with all the action, rights and
privileges, etc., etc. Done on the Island Manahatas, this 16''' of July 1637. Jacob van
Corlaer, Jacus Benteyl, Claes van Elslant." — A'^. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 5.
In the Calendar of Historical Manuscripts, Dutch, p. 364, where this deed, called
"Patent," is calendared from Liber GG, p. 18, O'Callaghan gives the names thus: "the
largest called Waerttenkenas, and the smaller Minnahanock," a variation from the same
record as given above by Fernow. De Voe, in The Market Book, p. 15, says that Van
Twiller, in July, purchased two islands at Hell Gate, now known as Randall's and Great
Barn Islands, in which he is correct. In a "Return of Wouter Van Twiller's Property
in New Netherland" (N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 18), we learn the acreage of these two islands,
thus: "Two islands in the Hellegat on the larger one of which Barent Jansen is farmer;
the larger island contains about 100 morgens of land [200 acres]. The other about sixty
morgens [120 acres]." This record, signed by Thomas Hall and George Homs (Holmes),
is dated March 22, 1639. The property of Van Twiller on these islands is listed, and
includes "i dwellinghouse."
Ward's Island, formerly Great Barn Island, had an area of about 232 acres in 1807.
— Map No. 2, Register's Office. Randall's Island now has an area of 177 acres. — Tax
list, 1915. This latter island has been much enlarged by city improvements.
On Ward's Island, the Manatus Maps show a house, which confirms the statement
made in March, 1639, and quoted above.
In a letter of instructions from the directors at Amsterdam to the director and council
of New Netherland, dated March 21, 1651, the following passage occurs: "Wouter van
Tzviller is not satisfied with absorbing Nut Island and Hellgate, but he is endeavouring
to appropriate and make himself master of the Catskill; . . . " — Lau-s l^ Ord., N.
Neth., 134.
Following this, the ordinance of July i, 1652, was passed, annulling \'an Twiller's
purchase of Nutten Island, the island in Hellgate, Red Hook, and the flats on Long Island. —
Ibid., 130-4.
196 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
(C.) 21: Bou. van senikant
(H.) 21: Bouw van Senikant
This expression is clearly a corruption for Bou van Predikant, i. e., Bouwery of the
Preacher. The minister here meant is Domine Everardus Bogardus.[']
This bouwery of thirty-one morgen, or sixty-two acres, was granted by Van Twiller,
in 1636, to RoelofF Jansen and his wife Anna; on July 4, 1654, Stuyvesant confirmed the
grant to Annetje Jans Bogardus, widow of Everardus Bogardus {Liber HH, 2: 13, Albany);
and it was confirmed to the heirs of Anneke Bogardus by Nicolls, March 27, 1667. — Patents,
IV: 28 (Albany).
RoelofF Jansen, from Masterland (Marstrand, on the coast of Sweden), arrived in
New Amsterdam, May 24, 1630, in the ship "Eendracht" (Unity) with his wife, Annetje
Jans, and three children. He was a farmer on De Laet's Burg, in Rensselaerswyck, and
was appointed a schepen, July i, 1632. He had been dismissed from his farm, or had
given it up, in 1633, and had probably left the colony by 1634. — Van Rensselaer Bowier
MSS., 281, 805-6. By September 21, 1637, he was dead (ibid., 351-2) and, in March,
1638, his widow made an ante-nuptial agreement with Rev. Everardus Bogardus {Cal.
Hist. MSS., Dutch, 19), to whom she must have been married before August 12, 1638,
as he received on that date power of attorney as her husband. — Ibid., 3.
This farm, long known as the Dominie's Farm, extended from a line midway between
Warren and Chambers Streets on the south to Broadway on the east and the Hudson
River on the west. Its north line was irregular, extending from about Spring Street to
Wooster, then following a southerly winding line around Kalck Hoek until it reached
Broadway again, at a point north of Reade Street. Anneke Jans died at Albany. Her
will is dated January 29, 1663. — Book of Notarial Papers, in the County Clerk's office,
296 (Albany).
On March 9, 1671, the heirs of Anneke Jans made a deed of the property to Francis
Lovelace, the royal governor, thus vesting the property in the Crown. — Liber Deeds, B:
181. [-] The government remained in possession until 1705, when Edward, Viscount Corn-
bury, then captain-general and governor of the Province of New York, acting for Queen
Anne, granted the Dominie's Bouwery to Trinity Church, on November 23d of that
year.— Pa/^«/j VII: 338 (Albany).
(C.) 22: Bou van Antonij du Turck
( H.) 22: Bou van Antoni du Turck
The farm of Antony Jansen, of Salee or Fez (Fees or Vees) in Morocco, called, on
account of his having embraced Mohammedanism, "the Turk."
He is mentioned as early as April 29, 1638. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, i.
[']The grant to Teunis Nyssen of the land on the north reads in part thus: "A certain plantation formerly
occupied by the deceased Jan Celes . . extending on the south side from the land and valley appertaining to
Everhardus Bogardus, Predicant." — Liber GG: 208 (Albany).
[2] The volume referred to as Lihi-r B was formerly in the office of the Register, from which it disappeared about
twenty years ago. A complete transcript had been made, however, by the Title Guarantee & Trust Co., and
by the aid of this transcript it has been possible to trace the original Dutch volumes used by the translator who com-
piled Liber B. Pages i to 73 of Liber B correspond, deed for deed, with those recorded in a book of Dutch conveyances
in the City Clerk's Library, endorsed: Burgomasters iff Schepens i66j To 1665 (No. 5 on back of volume). Pages 74
to 206 correspond with a book of Dutch deeds in the Register's private office, unendorsed, but with the memorandum:
" Begun in 1665 & Ends in 1672." A manuscript translation by Dr. L. Bendikson accompanies this volume. Another
translation, by O'Callaghan, is in the City Clerk's Library, and is endorsed: Book of Records of Deeds ii Transfers
in the City of New York from June 166$ to December i6y2.
The deeds recorded in the Dutch volume. Burgomasters W Schepens 166s To 1665 (pages i to 73 of Liber B), were
also translated by O'Callaghan, and may be found in two volumes in the City Clerk's Library, entitled, respectively:
Deeds and Conveyances of Real Estate in the City of New Amsterdam 1650-1664, etc. (pp. 286-381), and Mortgages
of Lots and Tracts of Land in the City of Nctu York and New Orange 1664.-16^5 (pp. 1-57).
THE MANATUS MAPS 197
The position of this number on the Maps seems to correspond with the early transport
to Van Fees (date unknown) of land which was re-granted to Govert Loockermans, Sep-
tember IS, 1646.— Liber GG: 158 (Albany). The land lay on the east side of the Ditch
(Broad Street), and extended from the present Stone to South William Street.
Antony Jansen owned also, at this time, another farm on Manhattan Island, bounded
westerly by Hendrick Jansen, tailor, and easterly by Philip de Truy. This upper farm he
deeded, on May 7, 1639, to Barent Dircksen (AT. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 20; cf. also p. 24).
Van Tienhoven declared that, on June 7th, there were on the bouwery 12 apple, 40
peach, and 73 cherry trees, as well as 26 sage plants and 15 vines. — Idem.
This plantation was afterwards granted to the provincial secretary, Cornelis van
Tienhoven, June 14, 1644, for the recital of which ground-brief, see Patents, II: 113
(Albany). It lay north of Maiden Lane and east of Broadway.
(C.) 23: BoQ van Jan claessen
(H.) 23: Bou van Jan Claesen
(Note: No. 23 does not appear on the Harrisse copy of the Manatus Map, although mentioned in the Key.)
No record has been found of this occupation, and it is therefore impossible to attribute
any location to the bouwery. The settler referred to may be Jan Clasen (Klasen) Damen,
who is mentioned as early as 1642. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 20. There appears, how-
ever, to have been also a Jan Claessen, without the "Damen." — Ibid., 48; N. Y. Col. Docs ,
XIV: 379-
In 1651, the directors at Amsterdam say: "We have now fully agreed on this subject
[in regard to Stuyvesant's request for the grant of the Great Bouwery] with Jan Jansen
Damen, acting in your [Stuyvesant's] behalf, as you will see by the contract of sale sent over
with Jan Claessen Damen." — A'^. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 137. This would seem to indicate
some relationship between Jan Jansen Damen and Jan Claessen Damen. De Vries, also,
mentions Jan Claessen Damen. — Jameson's Nar. N. Nelh., 226.
(C.) 24; Plafi. van David de Provoost
(H.) 24: Plan van Davit de Provoost
This farm, sold by the director and council to Govert Loockermans and Cornelis
Leendertsen, March 26, 1643 {Liber GG: 47, Albany), was described "as the same is fenced
in by David Provoost." There is an earlier reference to this occupation, in the ground-
brief to Philip DeTruy, dated May 22, 1640, the land granted being bounded "to the fence
of David Provoost." — Ibid., 34. Irregular in shape, this bouwery lay between Park Row,
the East River, Pearl, and Ann Streets. — See Land Mark Map.
Purple {Geneal. Notes of the Provoost Family) states that David Provoost, youngest son
of Johannes, came to New Amsterdam in 1624, returned to Holland, married, and came
back to New Amsterdam in 1634.
On January 5, 1640, he was appointed "commissary of provisions" and a "tobacco
inspector" {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 70), but was dismissed the commissaryship on August
23d of the same year. — Ibid., 72. On February 16, 1640, he leased his plantation and house
to Thomas Broen. — Ibid., 12; cf. Innes's Nezv Amsterdam and Its People, 338-40. On
August 16, 1641, he was living on Long Island (Brooklyn) {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 16),
and before May 16, 1656, he was dead. — Min. of Orph. Court, I: 17.
(C.) 25: Plafi van Hendrick de snyder
(H.) 25: Plaii van Hendric de Snyder
Hendrick Jansen, the tailor. His land lay along the East River south of Maiden Lane,
198 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
along the south side of which his paHsadoes ran; his south Hne was near Pine Street, or ad-
joining the hne of Tymen Jansen. The grant to him is not of record, but he is found in
New Amsterdam as early as April, 1638. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 1. On August 26, 1641,
he deeded to Maryn Adriaensen a "house, barn and arable land, except the brew house,
and kettles therein. . . " {ibid., 16), and on the next day (August 27th), Adriaensen
deeded the arable land situate in the Smith's valley to Jan Jansen Damen. — Ibid., 16.
Apparently, Damen received a second deed from Adriaensen on September 20, 1642. — ■
Ibid., 20, 21, 27. The brew-house and dwelling Jansen deeded, on November 24, 1642,
to Willem Adriaensen, cooper (ibid., 20), but delivery of the house had not yet been made
on April I, 1643. — Ibid., 21. We find that Jansen deeded to Burger Joris (probably in
1644) a house, garden, and brewery on Manhattan Island. — Ibid., 29.
Hendrick Jansen, the tailor, for slanderous remarks concerning Director Kieft, was
sentenced, on November 27, 1642, to make a humble apology or be banished for six years
and, in addition, pay a fine of 300 guilders. Jansen must have preferred banishment to
retraction, for, on June 17, 1643, he was allowed to remain in the country to settle his affairs
only until the sailing of the "Prince Maurice." Notwithstanding this, on January 20,
1644, he received a patent for a lot near the Fort, on the East River. — Ibid., 83, 84, 85, 368.
The numbers 24 and 25 on the Manatus Maps should he transposed, inasmuch as the
property of Provoost lay north of that of Hendrick Jansen, and not south, as shown. — See
Land Mark Map.
(C.) 26: Plan van Tymen Jansen
(H.) 26: Plari van Tymen Jansz
This is evidently Tomas Sandersen's grant at the north-east corner of Broadway and
Beaver Street. — Liber GG, 102 (Albany); see notes on No. 7.
(C.) 27: Bou van van vorst
(H.) 27: Bou van van vorst
This is the location of the house built at Pavonia by Cornelis van Vorst. — N. Y. Col.
Docs., XIV: 16. In 1632, we find him director or chief officer of Paauw's patroonship
of Pavonia (later Comounepau, Gemoenepau, or Communipaw, a part of the present
Jersey City). — Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 304, et seq.; De Vries's Notes, in Jameson's
Nar. N. Neth., 197-8. He was dead before March 31, 1639. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 6.
(C.) 28: vanheyndrick va vorst
(H.) 28: V
This reference is given on the Castello but not on the Harrisse copy of the Manatus Map.
Hendrick Cornelissen van Vorst is the settler indicated, and his plantation was at
Hoboken. Michiel Paauw received a patent for Hoboken, July 12, 1630. — N. Y. Col.
Docs., XIII: 1-2. The company, however, coming into possession of the grant, it was
leased, March 12, 1639, to Hendrick Cornelissen van Vorst, the lease to begin on January
I, 1640. — Ibid., 4.
(C.) 29: BoQ van Jan Everts
(H.) 29: Bou van Jan Eeverts
Jan Evertsen Bout, of Barnevelt {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 49), who came over in the
"Eendracht" (Unity) in 1634. — Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 282; Van Tienhoven's
Answer, in Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 376. Michiel Paauw sent him over, in his service,
THE MANATUS MAPS 199
to Pavonia. Paauw sold his colony of Pavonia to the West India Company in 1634, for
about 26,000 guilders, and Bout had the use of the house and land he occupied there,
gratis, from the Company. — Fan Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 31, 69, 314, 316; Jameson's
Nar. N. Neth., 376. He leased the Company's farm at Pavonia, on July 20, 1638 (TV. Y.
Col. Docs., XIII: 3-4), and in the lease the house which he occupied is mentioned. It was
one of the houses listed in the Van der Gouw deposition of buildings erected during Wouter
van Twiller's administration. — Ibid., XIV: 16. The Indians massacred at Pavonia in
February, 1643, "lay near Jan Evertsen Bout's bouwery." — Ibid., I: 199. His house
was burned down during the Indian war (1643). — Van Tienhoven's Answer, in Jameson's
Nar. N. Neth., 376.
There is a confirmatory patent on record, dated May 12, 1668, from Governor Carteret
to Fytie Hartmans, widow of Michiel Jansen, for "107 acres at Comounepan," recited
as "formerly belonging to Jan Evertsen Bout and by him sold to Michiel Jansen, deceased
Sept. 9, 1656." — N. J. Archives, ist Series, XXI: 3. On the same day, another confirma-
tion was given for this land to Nicholas Jansen, baker, of New York, who had had a con-
veyance for it from the widow, Fytie Hartmans, on December 20, 1667. — Ibid., XXI: 3.
(C.) 30: Plaii op Jan de Latershoeck
(H.) 30: Plan op de Laeter Hoeck
Jan de Lacher's Hook, near Jan Evertsen's Bouwery at Pavonia, is referred to in the
records as the place where the Indians were slaughtered in February, 1643. — N. Y. Col.
Docs., I: 209. The same locality is called also "Jan de Lacker's Neck," in a patent, dated
March 31, 1668, to Ide Cornelissen van Vorst. — A'^. /. Archives, ist Series, XXI: 3.
Jan de Lacher signifies Laughing John, but there is no positive identification of such an
individual in the records. It may be a nickname for Jan Evertsen Bout, or the point
may have been named for Jan de Laet, the historian and one of the directors of the West
India Company. Jan de Lacher's Hook is mentioned as the abode of Egbert Woutersen
{Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 13), who received, on May 10, 1647, a patent for a tract of land
called by the Indians "Apopcalyck," extending along the river "from Dirck the Paver's
kil to the Gemoenepaw or Jan Evertsen's [Bout's] kil." — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIII: 22; Cal.
Hist. MSS., Dutch, 375. Beauchamp says (Aboriginal Place Names, 262) that the name
Apopalyck is applied to Communipaw, which accords with Fernow's identification in
N. Y. Col. Docs., XIU: 22.
(C.) 31: dry plan, op pouels Hoeck
(H.) 31: dry Plant op Poueles Hoeck
(Three plantations on Paulus Hook)
In the volume labelled "Government Grants 1642-1649," in the City Clerk's Library,
there are two Indian deeds to "Michael Paauw," viz.: July 12, 1630 — "land called Hobo-
can Hackingh lying over against (opposite) the aforesaid Island Manhatas ..."
(p. 5; cf. Liber GG: 1, Albany), and November 22, 1630 — "lands named Ahasimus and
the peninsula Aressick ..." (p. 14; cf. Liber GG: 8, Albany). The patent which
confirms the Indian deed of July 12, 1630, is the oldest document preserved in the
archives of the State of New York. It is signed by Minuit and council and is set forth
in Liber GG: i; N. Y. Col. Docs., XIII: 1-2; O'Callaghan's Hist, of N. Neth., II (Ap-
pendix). These two deeds of Michiel Paauw, covering his patroonship at Pavonia,
embraced the plantations of Cornelis van Vorst, N0.27; Hendrick van Vorst, No. 28; Jan
Evertsen Bout, No. 29, and the three plantations on Paulus Hook, No. 31. Paauw, as
200 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
already stated, sold his colony called Pavonia to the West India Company, in the year
To recapitulate: Nos. 27, 28, 29, and 31 were all included in the patroonship of Michiel
Paauw. These patents are set forth, at great length, in Winfield's Hist, of the Land
Titles of Hudson Co., N. J., and are accompanied by the reproduction of a fine map,
called the "Field Book Survey," made under the direction of the Commission of 1764,
and filed in the Secretary's Office at Perth Amboy, N. J., March 2, 1765.
(C.) 32: Plaii van Maerynes
(H.) 32: Plan van Maeryenes
Marinus, or Maryn Adriaensen, from Veere in the province of Zealand, is the person
alluded to. He came over in 163 1, going first to Rensselaersvvyck, and probably leaving
that settlement in 1634. — Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 806. On May 11, 1647, he received
a patent for a "tract of land called Awiehaken on the west side of the North river, bounded
on the north by Hoboken kil, running thence north to the next kil, and on that breadth
50 morgens inland." — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 375. This plantation was the site of the
present Weehawken. On April 18, 1670, a confirmation was given "for a parcel of land
called Wiehacken in the jurisdiction of Bergen on Hobooken Creek, 50 morgen Dutch
measure, first granted to Maryn Adriaensen, dec'd May 11, 1647." — N. J. Archives, ist
Series, XXI: 13. This is the Weehawken patent.
Maryn was one of the "Twelve Men." His bouwery was devastated during the Indian
war, at the very time that he was leading the attack against the Indians at Corlaer's Hook,
February 25, 1643. — De Vries's Notes, in Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 226-7. Later, he made
a sensational attempt to assassinate Director Kieft, and was sent to Holland for trial. —
Journal of N. Neth., in Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 278.
(C.) 33: Plaii van Dauidt pieters
(H.) 33: Plan van Davidt PiettCT
David Pietersen de Vries, of Hoorn, the well-known early settler and proprietor of
Staten Island, and the author of the Korte Historiael, etc., in which he records: "The
13th [of August, 1636], I requested Wouter van Twilliger [sic] to register Staten Island
for me, as I wished to return and plant a colony upon it, which he consented to do." Two
days later, De Vries "weighed anchor" for Holland, returning on the ship "De Liefde"
(Love), which left Holland on September 25, 1638. Under date of December 26, 1638, he
records: "So I brought the ship that same evening before Staten Island, which belonged
to me, where I intended to settle my people." On January 5, 1639, he writes: "I sent
my people to Staten Island to begin to plant a colony there and build," and again, on
February loth, following: "I leased out the plantation of Staten Island, as no people
had been sent me from Holland, as was promised me in the contract which I had made
with Frederick de Vries, a director of the West India Company." — Jameson's Nar. N.
Neth., 199, et seq.; cf. N. Y. Col. Docs., XIII: 6, 7.
(C.) 34: nooten Eylafi. met een plan va twiller
(H.) 34: nooten Eylan met Een Plan van Twiller
(Nooten Island, with a Plantation of Van Twiller)
Also called Nutten or Nut Island (now Governors Island).
['] In a deed from Kieft to Abraham Isaacksen Planck, for Paulus Hook, dated May I, 1638, in N. Y. Col. Docs.,
XIII: 3, it is stipulated that he should pay for the land "in three instalments, the first at the Fair A° 1638, the
second A° 1639 and the third and last instalment at the Fair A° 1640."
THE MANATUS MAPS 201
Its Indian name was Pagganck, and the Indian deed to Van Twiller is dated June 16,
1637.— N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 4.
During Van Twiller's time, the frame of a house was set up on the island, and so it
remained at the time that a return was made on his property in New Amsterdam, March
22, 1639. — Ibid., XIV: 19. The location of this beginning of a house is not shown on
either copy of the Manatus Map.
(For further notes, see Mills on Manatus; see also notes on No. 20.)
(C.) 35: twe beginsels en 3 Plantage van Pannebackerij
(H.) 35: twee begin eii 3 Planta vari Pannebackerij
(Two commenced and three [completed] plantations of tile bakers)
All of these were on Long Island. A "Pannebackerij" is a kiln for pantiles (tiles).
The name also developed into the surname Pannebacker, the modern Pennypacker, of
which family there exists a printed genealogy.
Pannebacker's farm, or Farm No. 5, is mentioned, on Manhattan Island, in a patent
of December 13, 1645. (Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 370), also March 22, 1653 {ibid., 377),
and February 17, 1646. — Ibid., 370.
Of these plantations, located in Brooklyn, practically no records have been found.
(C.) 36: twee Bou efi 2 Plan van wolfert Gerrits met 2 van Syn consoorten
(H.) 36: 2 plan en 2 bou van wolfert Geritsz met 2 vaii Syn Consor
(Two bouweries and two plantations of Wolphert Gerritsen [van Cou-
wenhoven] and two of his partners)
Wolphert Gerritsz was from Amersfoort, and is often referred to as Wolfert Gerritsz
van Couwenhoven, Couwenhoven being a farm or estate about four miles north-west
of Amersfoort, in the province of Utrecht (Holland). He was engaged by the patroon
(Van Rensselaer) in January, 1630, to superintend for four years the establishment of
farms in the colony and to purchase cattle, but was released from this engagement in the
year 1632, and settled at the Manhattans. — Fan Rensselaer Bozvier MSS., 805.
The two bouweries and two plantations located under No. 36 are the Achtervelt pur-
chases and grants on Long Island, subsequently called Nieuw Amersfoort, and now Flatlands.
Van Couwenhoven and Hudde had received an Indian deed, on June 16, 1636, for the
westernmost of three flats called "Kestateuw." — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 3. The Indian
deed of the easternmost flat, to Wouter van Twiller, is dated July 16, 1636 {ibid., XIV:
3-4); and that of the middlemost flat, to Jacobus van Curler, is dated, like the first,
June 16, 1636. — Ibid., XIV: 2-3.
On August 2, 1639, Andries Hudde deeded to Van Couwenhoven his share in the "house,
barrack, barn, garden," etc., retaining a half interest in the cattle and land (A'^. Y. Col.
Docs., XIV: 24; cf. also 4, 10, 13, 16), and on August 5th, following, he assigned his half
of the stock in the possession of Van Couwenhoven to the West India Company. — Cal.
Hist. MSS., Dutch, 10. On July 22, 1638, Hudde mortgaged his property, for a debt of
"six hundred Carolus guilders," to Everardus Bogardus, preacher {N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV:
12), and on August 6, 1639, the Rev. Bogardus released his claim on the above property.
— Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 9-10. The middlemost flat, belonging to Van Curler, was
deeded by him to Van Twiller on July 22, 1638. — Ibid., 2.
On July 3, 1647, Van Couwenhoven deeded to Teunis Cornelissen "32 morgens of
land, on the north end of the plains of Amersfoort (Flatlands)." — Ibid., 38. Among the
extravagant grants vacated by the ordinance of July i, 1652, was Van Couwenhoven's
{Laws y Ord. N. Neth., 130-4), but the grant to him and Hudde was ratified on August
202 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
22, 1658. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 200. On October 6, 1661, Frans Jansen (van Hoochten),
a carpenter, brought suit in the provincial court against Van Couwenhoven for possession
of lands in Amersfoort. — Ibid., 230. Judgment was given for the plaintiff on March 2.
1662. — Ibid., 234. On April 6, 1662, an order for execution against the goods of Van
Couwenhoven was issued in this suit. — Ibid., 236. On September 10, 1663, Van Couwen-
hoven being now deceased, the provincial court decreed that the taxing of the costs in the
suit against him by Frans Jansen van Hochten (sic) be upon the heirs of Van Couwen-
hoven {ibid., 252), and on November 29, 1663, Jansen petitioned the court that the
executors, Elbert Elbertsen and Coert Stevensen, of (Nieuw) Amersfoort, be required
to "pay him proceeds" from the sale of Van Couwenhoven's property. — Ibid., 255-
(C.) 37: Plan van gegoergesyn
(H.) 37: Plain van Gegoergesyn
Georgius, Georg, or Joris Rapalje, or Rapelje. This settler is found on Long Island
as early as June 16, 1637, when he received an Indian deed for "Rinnegackonck," for
which a patent was issued June 17, 1643, for 167 morgen, 406 rods. — N. Y. Col. Docs.,
XIV: 4; cf. also 14, 32, 50; Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 1.
This is the house found at Wallabout, in Brooklyn.
(C.) 38: dry plant
(H.) 38: 3 Plan van gegoergesyn
Three plantations of Joris Rapalje. On June 16, 1637, Rapalje received a deed to
"a certain piece of land, called Rinnegackonck, situate upon the Long Island, south of the
Island, the Manahatas." — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 4. This is now known as Wallabout
Bay. Stiles {Hist, of Brooklyn, I: 24-5) says this purchase comprised about three hundred
and thirty-five acres, and covered ground at present occupied in part by the U. S. Marine
Hospital and that section of Brooklyn between Nostrand and Grand Avenues. Although
Rapalje probably improved his farm to some extent, he did not occupy it until 1654.
(C.) 39: Plafi van claes de Noorman
(H.) 39: Planta van Claes norman
Claes Carstensen, the Norman. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIII: 21. His land is, without
doubt, the 29 morgen, 553 rods on the East River, with "one-half of the valley on the
kil," for which he received a patent on September 5, 1645 {ibid., XIV: 62), and which,
on July 28, 1653, he deeded to Burger Jorissen. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 378. This
tract afterwards became known to conveyancers as Col. Titus's farm at Williamsburgh.
Claes Carstensen was born in Norway about the year 1607. His home place was Sande.
It appears that Claes Carstensen, some time prior to January 29, 1644, and before he re-
ceived his specific patent, sold off some of his plantation to Jan Forbes, an early settler
who came from Vesteras, in Sweden, and whose marriage to Margaret Frankens, an
Englishwoman, took place December 7, 1642, at New Amsterdam. — Evjen's Scandinavian
Immigrants in Nezv York 1630-1674, p. ^i,et seq.; Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 12. On May
15, 1647, to perfect his title, Forbes received a separate patent for his 65 morgen of land,
"with the valley thereunto belonging, heretofore possessed by Claes Carstensen, George
Baxter and David Andriesz, situate on the East river at Dirck, the Norman's kil." —
Ibid., 37s; N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 69.
This same settler is found also at Communipaw, land being granted to him there March
25, 1647. — Ibid., XIII: 21; Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 374, which see for location. On
April 15, 1646, Carstensen married Hilletje Hendricks. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 13.
THE MANATUS MAPS 203
He died in great poverty, November 6, 1679, and seems to have left no relatives. —
Evjen's Scand. Immigrants, 53; cf Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 273.
(C.) 40: Boij. van dirck de Noorman
(H.) 40: Boil van Dieryck de Norman
This was Dirck Volckertsen, frequently called "the Norman." He leased a bouwery,
situated on Long Island, from Director Kieft and council, on May 18, 1639. — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 8. The Norman's Kill (Bushwick Creek) was named for him. His name
sometimes appears as "Holgersen"; he was a brother-in-law of the provincial secretary,
Cornelis van Tienhoven. — Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 536 (note). Holgersen had married,
before 1632, Christine Vigne, a daughter of Adrienne (Ariantje) Cuville and Guillaume
Vigne, Walloons from Valenciennes. — Evjen's Scand. Immigrants, 68-9.
(C.) 41: Boil van Cosyn
(H.) 41: Bou van Cosyn
The bouwery of Cosyn Gerritsen van Putten. The ground-brief was made to him
March 13, 1647 {Liber GG: 185, Albany), and included 34 morgen. This plantation
was bounded east by the wagon-road from Sapokanikan (the Bowery Lane as far as the
point where the road over the Sand Hills met it, was often so called). — Cal. Hist. MSS.,
Dutch, 373. It covered land lying south of the road over the Sand Hills, corresponding
with the present Astor Place, and is correctly placed on the Manatus Maps. — See De
Peyster Papers, in N. Y. Hist. Society.
(C.) 42: Begonnen Bou Poelem pietersen is syn Begryp soo veer 't met stip is Afgeset
vaii Rivier tot 't hooge sant ende genaemt Zeegendal
(Begun bouwery [of] Poelem pietersen; is his possession as far [as] it is
indicated [marked off] by dot[s] from [the] River unto the high sand
[sand hills] and called Zeegendal [Valley of Blessing])
(H.) 42: Begonen Boil van Poelen Pieter in Syn begryp Soo 't gestipt is vari Rivier
tot 't hooge Sant
(Begun bouwery of Poelen Pieter; in his possession [or in its bounds] as it is
pointed off" [or dotted off^ from the river to the high Sand [Sand Hills])
Jochem Pietersen Kuyter's plantation is here referred to. It was called by the Indians
"Schorrakin" or "Schorrakyn."— iV. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 53; Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 55.
This settler arrived at New Amsterdam in 1639, in the "Brand van Troyen," a private
armed vessel which he chartered for the voyage. — De Vries's Notes, in Jameson's Nar. N.
Neth., 205 and note. He was from Darmstadt, having "formerly been a commander in
the East Indies in the Danish service." — O'Callaghan's Hist. N. Neth., I: 206. His patent
must have been issued immediately upon his arrival, for on January 29, 1652, he petitioned
for a copy of a ground-brief of land granted to him in July, 1639. The director-general
and council gave him permission to take a copy from the book of patents, if registered;
and if not, a new patent was to be issued to him, in case he was willing to improve the
land. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 124. He had, a few months before, on September 23,
165 1, deeded to Director General Stuyvesant, Luycas Roodenburgh, governor of Curacoa,
and Cornelis de Potter, an undivided three-fourths of the land called "Zegendal."— /it;/.,
55. It must be remembered that the bouwery as at first improved, together with his house,
was devastated and burned in 1644. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32. This
explains the suggestion of improvement made in 1652.
204 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Kuyter was killed by the Indians in the early spring of 1654; Riker says between
March 2d and April 22d. — Hist, of Harlem, 177; Cat. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 280.
The boundaries of this extensive tract of 200 morgen (about 400 acres) may readily
be identified on the Randel Map (PI. 86) and on the map in Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 620.
It included Jochem Pieters's Flat, the six lots, and the "New Lots." Its north and south
boundaries were parallel with each other and at right angles to the course of the river.
Thus, its south boundary ran diagonally from the corner of Lexington Avenue and I22d
Street to the river shore midway between 126th and 127th Streets, and the north boundary
extended from the corner of 143d Street and Bradhurst Avenue to the river between 144th
and i4Sth Streets.
The creek bordering this plantation upon the south is not so large as it is depicted on
the Map. It can be very plainly seen on the Randel Map as a little stream draining a
marshy valley. The mouth of the creek was at about the foot of 124th Street.
(C.) 43: Begonnen Bou van Jonas Brom
(H.) 43: Begonen bou van Jonas Bromck
Jonas Bronck came out with Kuyter in the "Brand van Troyen," and in July, 1639,
obtained an Indian deed for two hundred and fifty morgen of land. — Bolton's Hist. West-
chester Co., ed. 1881, II: 451. He called his house "Emaus" (TV. Y. Col. Docs., XIV:
42), and it was here that the treaty of peace between the Dutch and the Weckquaesgeek
Indians was signed, March 28, 1642. — Ihid., I: 199, 410. Bronck died in 1643 and, on
May 6th of that year, an inventory of his effects was taken, which is an interesting document
and exhibits him as a man of taste and education. — Ibid., XIV: 42-3. A month later,
in a letter to the Patroon, Van Rensselaer, beginning "Laus Deo! At the Manhattans, this
16th June, 1643," Arent van Curler writes: "I am, at present, betrothed to the widow
of the late M. Jonas Bronck." — O'Callaghan's Hist. N. Neth., I: 456-65; cf. Fan Rensselaer
Bowier MSS., 817. The Van Curlers were prominent among the founders of Schenectady,
in 1662, and Arent was drowned in Lake Champlain, in 1667. — Ibid., 817; Exec. Coun.
Min., ed. by V. H. Paltsits, I: 157.
By a comparison with the map of "Broucksland," in the office of the secretary of
state, Vol. I, Land Papers: 17 (Albany), it appears that the house of Bronck and that
of his tenant, Pieter Andriessen, occupied the relative positions of the Bronx and Jesup
homesteads: the first at Morrisania, the latter at Hunt's Point. This map is repro-
duced in ScharFs Hist, of Westchester Co., I: 769, and, in a larger and better form, in a
pamphlet called The Bronx, i6og-igog, issued by the North Side Board of Trade, in
1909.
The house of Bronck has been located at or near the site of the depot of the Harlem
River branch of the New York, New Haven, and Hartford R. R. Co., near the corner of
Southern Boulevard and Willis Avenue. — Records, Survey Dept., Title Guarantee & Trust
Co.
The Bronx River, Bronx Borough, and Bronx County are all named for this early settler
in New Netherland.
(C.) 44: Plan, van pieter de schoorstienveeger
(H.) 44: Planta van Pieter Schorstinve
(Plantation of Pieter [Andriessen], the chimney-sweeper)
Pieter came over with Kuyter and Bronck in the "Brand van Troyen," in June, 1639.
He was of Danish birth, coming from Bordesholm, in Holstein. — Evjen's Scand. Immi-
grants, 156. On July 21, 1639, Jonas Bronck leased this plantation to Andriessen and
THE MANATUS MAPS 205
Laurens Duyts, to raise tobacco and maize. — A^. Y. Col. Docs., XIII: 5; Riker's Hist, of
Harlem, 151.
(C.) 45: Plari. van snyder
(H.) 45: Planta vande Snyder
This house seems to have stood on the 50 morgen tract granted to Isaac de Foreest,
May 15, 1647 {Liber GG: 219, Albany), which was an area of surplus land between the
grants of Kuyter and Van Ceulen.
Who settled on this land before De Foreest's time, and was known as "Snyder" (i. e.,
tailor), we have not discovered. Riker says (Hist, of Harlem, 167) that on this tract the
village of New Harlem was subsequently laid out. Possibly the Snyder's house was the
earliest one in the village. It could not have been far removed from the foot of 125th
Street.
(C.) A: 't Fort Amsterdam
(H.) A: 't Fort Amsterdam
The Fort was begun in 1626 and finished in 1635. For further information, see Vol. I,
Frontispiece, PI. i, and Chronology.
(C.) B: Cooren Moolen (Corn, or grist, mill)
(H.) B: Cooren Moolen
(C.) C: Saag moolen (Saw mill)
(H.) C: Saeg Moolen
(C.) D: Saag Moolen
(H.) D: saeg Moolen
These three mills, two near the Fort and one on Noten Island, are probably those
referred to in The Representation of New Netherland (Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 321), where
the remonstrants declared:
Had the Honorable West India Company, in the beginning, sought population instead of running
to great expense for unnecessary things, . . . the account of New Netherland would not have
been so large as it now is, caused by building the ship Nezv Netherland at an excessive outlay, by
erecting three expensive mills, [etc.].
The fact that there were two early wind-mills on Manhattan Island, near the Fort,
is for the first time disclosed by this map, although the Rev. Jonas Michaelius probably
referred to them in his letter to the Rev. Adrianus Smoutius of Amsterdam, dated August
II, 1628, when he wrote: "They are making a windmill to saw lumber and we also have
a gristmill." — Ibid., 131. Wassenaer, writing of September, 1626, says:
The counting-house there [on the Manhates] is kept in a stone building, thatched with reed; . . .
Francois Molemaecker is busy building a horse-mill, over which shall be constructed a spacious
room sufficient to accommodate a large congregation, and then a tower is to be erected where the
bells brought from Porto Rico will be hung. — Ibid., 83.
Domine Michaelius arrived in New Amsterdam early in April, 1628, yet he does not
mention the warehouse, nor even the place of worship. He says explicitly, "From the
beginning we established the form of a church, . ." — Ibid., 124. Again, speaking of his
first administration of the Lord's Supper, he says:
we had fully fifty communicants — Walloons and Dutch; of whom, a portion made their first
confession of faith before us, and others exhibited their church certificates. Others had forgotten
to bring their certificates with them, not thinking that a church would be formed and established
here; and some who brought them, had lost them unfortunately in a general conflagration, . . .
■ — Ibid., 124-5.
2o6 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
It seems a justifiable presumption that the horse-mill, with its auditorium and bells, if
ever so completed, was destroyed in this fire, between September, 1626, and April, 1628,
a theory which is strengthened by the statement of Jacob StofFelsen and his fellows, made
April 16, 1639, that on Kieft's arrival, on the 28th of March, 1638, one of the Company's
mills had been found burned, and "the place of the magazine for the wares and merchandize
with difficulty can be discovered where it once stood." — N. Y. Hist. Society Collections,
1841, p. 279. Although we do not know the location of this church-mill, it seems likely
that it stood to the east rather than to the west of the Fort. Before August, 1628, the
new Cooren Moolen had been erected, as Michaelius writes {supra); it was still standing
November 2, 1662, when Jan de Witt and his partner asked for the stones and iron-work
belonging to the Company's old wind-mill, "whiche erelong would be in ruins." — Albany
Records, XX: 245, quoted in O'Callaghan's MS. notes on mills, in N. Y. Hist. Society.
The contract between De Witt and his partner and the Company was not concluded
until September 22, 1663. — Liber Deeds, B: 34. The new mill on the Commons had been
built by April 14, 1664, as is indicated by an agreement between Jan de Wit and Klaes
Jansen van Langendyck. — Records of Walewyn van der Veen, Notary Public, in Min. of Orph.
Court, II: 70-1. The deed passed May 31, 1664. — Liber Deeds, B: 34; Patents, II: 116
(Albany).
From these fact it is clear that the old mill north-west of the Fort (B on Manatus
Map) was demolished between September 22, 1663, and April 14, 1664. It is not shown
on the Nicolls Plan of c. 166S (PI. lo-A).
In the statement of Stoffelsen and two others, above referred to, which was made at
the request of Director Kieft, it is said that the director found on his arrival "one grist
and saw mill in operation; another which is out of repair; the third, burned." — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 6; N. Y. Hist. Society Collections 1841, p. 279(1]. Dr. E. B. O'Callaghan,
who made this translation from the original Dutch, gives a different version in his manu-
script notes, now in the possession of the N. Y. Hist. Society. He says:
When Director Kieft had assumed the government in 1638, only one grist mill and one saw
mill were in operation; another was out of repair and idle, and another one had been burnt. The
saw mill seems to have been located at this time on Nooten's (now Governors) Island.
This translation accounts for the three mills shown on the Map, and the one pre-
viously destroyed.
Director Kieft leased the Company's saw-mill on "Noten island" to Evert Evertsen
Bischop, Sibout Claessen, and Harman Bastiaensen, September 13, 1639. — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, II. The records do not show when it was built, but on January 12, 1648,
the council decided to take the saw-mill at Noten Island to pieces, if possible, and if not,
to burn it, in order to save the iron. — Ibid., 114.
It seems altogether likely that the saw-mill on the point of Manhattan Island (C),
built in August, 1628, was the one that was "out of repair and idle" in 1638. [2] No further
mention of it has been found of record. In 1647, the ground on which it had stood was
['] For full text, see Chronology, 1639, April 16.
[2] This theory does not accord with the opinion of Mr. Victor H. Paitsits, who believes that the mill
referred to in the 1639 deposition as being "out of repair" was the Company's saw-mill on Governors Island; and that
Kieft had it repaired before he leased it, in September, 1639. The fact that the Indian deed to Van Twiller, June 16,
1637, mentions no mill on Nutten Island is not, he believes, proof that the mill was not there at the time, because,
being a government mill, it would not have been mentioned in the accompanying notes. It seems, however, more
probable to the author that the mill out of repair was that on the point of Manhattan Island. So far as known,
it is never referred to anywhere except in this deposition and on the Manatus Maps. Even when, in 1647, the grant
was made of the ground on which it stood, there was no reference to its being the site of a former mill, and none
of the adjacent grants mentions it. Possibly it was demolished shortly after 1639.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 207
granted to Jan Evertsen Bout (Liber GG: 170, Albany) and Sergeant Huybertsen.— /^>i(f.,
221.
Therefore, of the "three expensive mills" built by the Honourable West India Com-
pany, only one seems to have been standing when the fault-finding Representation was
written.
(C.) E: varckens Eylandt (Hog Island; later Manning's; now Blackwell's).
(H.) E: This reference does not appear in the key of the Harrisse copy, although
the E is clearly discernible on the original map.
Before January 24, 1639, Jan Claessen Alteras had farmed part of this island, probably
for the Company, for on August 30, 1642, there was a report filed of the improvements which
he had made on the island. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 5, 20; Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 147.
On May 2, 1652, in answer to a petition of Hendrick Frederik Mansvelt for a grant
of Varckens Island for his stepson, Francis (or Francois) Fyn, the Amsterdam Chamber
resolved to authorise the director and council of New Netherland to make the grant, if it
would cause "no great loss or damage" to the Company. — A'^. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 181.
But a few days later, on May loth, the Chamber wrote Stuyvesant that they had "obtained
some, but no correct information concerning the island," and had been told "that it would
be particularly useful for the Company in the imminent or any future differences with
the English being adapted for fortifications . . ." They said that Hendrick Frederik
Mansvelt insisted upon the grant for his son-in-law, and they referred the matter to the
director and council, trusting they would "have an eye upon the interests of the Company
and the shareholders." — Ibid., 182.
However, Stuyvesant had already, on September 20, 165 1, issued a ground-brief to
Fyn. The island was confiscated to the English by the act of October 10, 1665, and was
patented to Captain John Manning by Governor Nicolls, February 3, 1667. — Patents,
I: 99 (Albany). In this grant, it is referred to as "Verckens or Hogg Island scituate
and being neare unto Hellgate." The patent reserves "a Liberty of Cutting and Carry-
ing away, of Stone from y*^ said Island upon Occasion as by the said Groundbriefe
doth appeare." The stone upon Varckens Island was valued as early as Stuyvesant's
time; and when the city of New York acquired the island, this same stone furnished the
building material for the charitable and penal institutions to which Blackwell's Island was
devoted.
Manning devised the island to his stepdaughter, Mary, the wife of Robert Blackwell.
It remained in the Blackwell family until 1828, when James Blackwell sold it to the city
of New York (on July 19th), calling it 109 acres. — Liber Deeds, CCXXXIX: 287.
(C.) F: 't Quartier van de swarten de Comp slaven.
(H.) F: 't Quartier vande Swarte de Comp Slaven.
(The quarter of the blacks, the Company's slaves.)
This reference to an established settlement of the Company's negroes has not been
further substantiated by the records. The locality marked by the letter F on the Man-
atus Maps is near the mouth of the later Sawkill Creek, at the foot of East 74th Street.
NEW JERSEY DUTCH NAMES
(C.) Achter Col
(H.) Achter 't Col
(Beyond the Bay)
Supposed to refer to Newark Bay and the country beyond. The later District of
2o8 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Achter Col consisted of the towns of Elizabethtown, Woodbridge, Shrewsbury, Newark,
Piscattaway, and Middleton, N. J.— -A^. Y. Col. Docs., I: 124; Laws ^ Ord. N. Neth., 507.
(C.) Hoogen hoeck
(H.) Hoogen Hoeck
(High Hook— The Highlands)
(C.) Sandt Punt
(H.) Sant Punt
(Sand Point — Sandy Hook)
INDIAN NAMES ON LONG ISLAND
(C.) Wichquawanck
(H.) Wich Quawanck
A new name, not known to Indian place-nomenclature.
(C.) Techkonis
(H.) Techkonis
A new name, not known to Indian place-nomenclature.
(C.) Mareckewich
(H.) Marec kewich
Mentioned in Indian deed of June 16, 1637, to Joris Rapalje, as "Marechkawieck";
in a patent of May 27, 1640, as "Merechkawikingh about Werpos"; in a patent to Peter
Caesar, June 17, 1643, as "Merechkawick," and in a record of March 15, 1647, as " Breu-
kelen, formerly called Marechkawick." — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 4, 31, 47, 67; Stiles's
Hist, of Brooklyn, I: 24-5; Ruttenber's Indian Geog. Names, 91.
(C.) Keskachaue
(H.) Keskachaue
The locality of Flatlands, formerly the Dutch settlement of Nieuw Amersfoort, L. I.;
earlier known as the patent of Achterveldt. In the grants of Achterveldt, "the western-
most" part is called "Kestateuw," "the middlemost" "Castuteeuw," and "the eastern-
most" "Casteteuw." — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 2, 3, 4. In 1636, we find "Keschaech-
quereren," and in 1637, "Keschaechquerem," according to Ruttenber's Indian Geog.
Names, 88, 90
Ill
THE CASTELLO PLAN
SHOWING THE CITY OF NEW AMSTERDAM
IN THE YEAR
1660
I
PLATES
82-82-e
C.PLATE 82
m
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jfoecidinde van dc Stack- J:m&icrda.m -rn JS'icuw 'J^
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H
^SM ■
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B^»^»-— ■ — I
C.PL. 82.
1^
ii:jQ
C. PL. 82a.
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00
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C.PL 82d.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES
82-82-e
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES
8--82-e
C. Plate 82
Afbeeldinge van de Stadt Amsterdam in Nieuw Neederlandt
(The Castello Plan)
Manuscript in pen and ink and 25 x i8f^ Date depicted: Summer of
water-colours on paper, 1660.
mounted on canvas. Date of dravi^ing: Probably
1665-70.
Artist: Copied by an unknown draughtsman from an original drawing by Jacques
Cortelyou.
Owner: The Italian Government; preserved in the Villa Castello, near Florence, Italy.
The following French inscription (partly torn away) in the right-hand lower margin
of the view is evidently in a later hand. It is the only suggestion of a possible provenance
other than that suggested in the Introduction:
Vue d[e Nieu]
Amste[rdam au]
Canada [aujoiir d'hui]
Appel [e New]
Yorck
A similar but less complete inscription on the Castello copy of the Manatus Map is
preceded by the number 74. Similar inscriptions are found on many of the other drawings
in this series.
Two water-marks are vaguely discernible: the first, just to the left of the Fort, a crowned
shield and fleur-de-lis; the second, outside of the wall near the third bastion, the monogram
I
HS.
Reproduced and described here for the first time.
A careful study of the Castello Plan, in comparison with the Nicasius de Sille List['],
which is dated July 10, 1660, has led to the conclusion that most of the data embodied in
the Plan were compiled before this List was made, but that the actual draughting was
not completed until some time afterward; or, in other words, that the Castello Plan is
based upon the Cortelyou Survey ordered on June 7, 1660, and completed just in time
to be despatched in the ship which carried Stuyvesant's well-known letter of October 6th
of that year, addressed to the directors in Amsterdam, and containing the words: "After
[•] "List of the survey (or census) of Houses on the lo July if 60: within this town Amsterdam in N: Neder-
lant," by Nicasius De Sille. Original manuscript in N. Y. Public Library, reproduced in full in this volume.
2IO THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
closing our letter the Burgomasters have shown us the plan of this city, which we did not
think would be ready before the sailing of this ship." — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 486. This
third survey of Cortelyou's was doubtless but an elaboration of his earlier ones, of 1657
and 1658 (see Cartography, p. 117 and Chronology), which, in turn, were probably based
on that made by Captain de Koningh, under an order of November 10, 1655 (Rec. N. Am.,
I: 393-4), and confirmed by an ordinance passed February 25, 1656. — Laws isf Ord., N.
Neth., 219-20.
By the 1656 survey, which was the earliest plan of the city, the streets, as the ordinance
recites, had been "set off and laid out with stakes." There were at that time, according
to O'Callaghan, but 120 houses within the city {Hist, of N. Neth., II: 540), whereas, on
the Castello Plan, of four years later, about 300 are shown; and on the De Sille List
of the same year there are 307 within the same area.
Probably, the List was intended to supplement the Plan, and doubtless it constituted
a complete and accurate census of the houses in New Amsterdam at the time. A com-
parison of the Plan and the List is interesting and convincing. For instance, item one
of the List enumerates fifty-one houses on the Heere Straet; the Plan shows but forty-
seven. Item nine speaks of seventeen houses on the Singel; there are but sixteen on
the Plan. Item fourteen lists fourteen houses on the Bevers Gracht; the Plan shows
thirteen. Item fifteen enumerates ten houses on the Marcktvelt; there are nine on the
Plan. The twenty-eighth item states that there were four houses at "Belle Videre where
D° Drijsij Houses stand"; plainly, there are but three on the Plan.
These are not the only discrepancies noted. In general, however, the List and the
Plan agree. In only one instance are fewer buildings listed than are shown on the Plan.
The fourth item gives twenty-four houses on the " Prince Gracht where the fiscal's house
stands." De Sille must have known the number of houses on his own street, yet the Plan
plainly shows twenty-eight structures. It has been suggested that Domine Drisius finished
the four small houses on the east side of the Prince Gracht (numbered i, i, i, i, on Block
K) between July and October of 1660, and that the draughtsman then added them to
the Plan.
From the facts mentioned above, it is evident that when, on June 7, 1660, Cortelyou
was directed by the provincial government to survey and prepare a new plan of the lots
within the city of New Amsterdam {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 213), a great part of the pre-
liminary work had already been done. Otherwise, it is entirely improbable that the
elaborate birds-eye view could have been finished and forwarded to Holland with the letter
of October 6th. It will be remembered that, on December 24th, the directors wrote, in
reply to this letter:
We have been pleased to receive the map of the city of New Amsterdam: we noticed, that
according to our opinion too great spaces are as yet without buildings, as for instance between
Smee Street and Princes Gracht or between Prince Street and Tuyn Street, also between Heeren Street
and Bevers Gracht, where the houses apparently are surrounded by excessively large lots and gardens;
perhaps with the intention of cutting streets through them, when the population increases, although
if standing closer together, a defense might be easier. We leave this to your consideration and
care.— iV. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 489.
These remarks of the directors make it evident that on the original survey the streets
were named. On the Castello Plan the names are omitted, perhaps because of a reduc-
tion in size and simplification of the drawing from the survey, which was probably much
larger, and more careful and detailed in execution.
Numerous small errors on the Castello Plan show either that our drawing was care-
lessly copied from the original, or possibly that the latter was a rather free rendering of
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 211
the survey of 1660, to which it perhaps bore the same relation as Vande Water's draw-
ing did to that of 1661.
If it were not for the close correspondence between the Castello Plan and the De Sille
List, and for the further fact that on the latter more buildings appear than on the for-
mer, we should be tempted to believe that the Plan was copied rather from Van der
Water's elaborate rendering of Cortelyou's final survey, finished in the autumn of 1661
{Min. of Orph. Court, II: 124, 129); but, under the existing circumstances, this seems
entirely unlikely.
A careful comparison of the Castello Plan with the inset plan on the Nicolls Survey
is most interesting, and establishes the fact that the latter is much more accurate in
detail than has been generally supposed. For instance, there are about sixty more
buildings on the Nicolls Plan than on the Castello, which is about the growth that we
should expect in five years. It will also be noticed that the five most important build-
ings shown on the Castello Plan are drawn in detail on the Nicolls Plan, viz.: The Stadt
Huys, Stuyvesant's house, the Cregier house, Nicasius de Sille's house, and Steenwyck's
house.
The following extracts, taken from the Chronology, throw some additional light on
the architecture, construction, and materials employed in New Amsterdam at the period
of the Plan:
1649, Jan. II, Ordinance: "as the houses here in New Amsterdam are for the most
part built of Wood and thatched with Reed, besides which the Chimneys of some of the
houses are of wood." This ordinance provided that "henceforward no Chimneys shall be
built of wood or [wood and] plaister in any houses between the Fort and the Fresh Water"
(i. e., within the town's limits). — Laws y Ord., N. Neth., 82-3.
1656, January 18, Ordinance: "from now henceforth no Houses shall be covered with
Straw or Reed, nor any more Chimneys be constructed of Clapboards or Wood." — Ibid.,
206-8.
1657, December 15, Ordinance: "all Thatched roofs and Wooden chimneys, Hay-ricks
and Hay-stacks within this City" are to "be broken up and removed" within four months
after the publication of this ordinance, which also states that: "for want of stone,
many Wooden Houses are built within this City, the one adjoining the other." This was
the time when firebuckets were provided. — Ibid., 322, ff.
An analysis of the Castello Plan would be incomplete without a brief account of Jacques
Cortelyou, its author. Fortunately, there has been preserved a clear picture of the man,
his character, and acquirements, for which we are indebted to one of the travelling Laba-
dist fathers, Jasper Danckaerts, whose observations are full of shrewdness and penetra-
tion. He and his companion met Cortelyou at his home on Long Island, in the autumn
of 1679. He records:
Jacques is a man advanced in years. He was born in Utrecht, but of French parents, as we
could readily discover from all his actions, looks and language. He had studied philosophy in his
youth, and spoke Latin and good French. He was a mathematician and sworn land-surveyor.
He has also formerly learned several sciences and had some knowledge of medicine. The worst
of it was, he was a good Cartesian and not a good Christian, regulating himself, and all externals,
by reason and justice only; nevertheless, he regulated all things better by these principles than
most people in these parts do, who bear the name of Christians. . . . Jaques impressed us very
much with his sincerity and cordiality in everything we had to do with him. . . . We left
with him the little book which we had lent to him, and which he said he had found much pleasure
in reading, Les Pensees de M. Pascal. — Journal of a Voyage to New York in 1679-80, in Memoirs
of the L. I. Hist. Society, I: 127, 336.
212 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Although Danckaerts says that Cortelyou was "advanced in years," he probably was
a man in middle life in 1679, judging from the fact that his first child was born in 1657, [']
and that his death did not occur until 1693.
Cortelyou came to the New World in 1652, in the capacity of tutor to the sons of the
Honourable Cornells van Werckhoven, ex-schepen and councilor of the City of Utrecht,
who had received a grant of a colony near New Utrecht, L. I. In a letter dated April 4,
1652, the directors write to Stuyvesant of Van Werckhoven, "who goes there with a goodly
number of souls, to take possession." — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIII: 33.
Van Werckhoven's settlement did not prosper, and his health was frail. In the summer
of 1654, he determined to go back to Holland, and, at his "urgent request," Stuyvesant
commissioned Jacques Cortelyou as schout of the lately established municipality of New
Amsterdam. — Ibid., XIV: 293. Thereupon, the director-general and council, on July 21,
1654, "in consideration of the good reputation and knowledge of Mr. Jacobus Corteljou,
late tutor to the son of the Hon''''^ Mr. van Werckhoven, unanimously engaged and appointed
him to this office." But, it is stated: "N. B. Whereas Jacques Corteljou finds himself
aggrieved by the instructions given him, it has become necessary to delay the appoint-
ment, until another experienced person can be found." — Ibid., 280.
Van Werckhoven died in Holland in 1655, leaving Cortelyou to manage his estate.
His sons, Pieter and Cornells Jansen van Werckhoven, entered suit against the surveyor,
in 1658, to compel him to account upon his stewardship. "He should be first paid, said he,
what was due him." — O'Callaghan's Hist, of N. Neth., II: 187M, citing Alb. Rec, VIII:
191, 192; cf. N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 352, 452.
In January, 1657, Cortelyou was appointed surveyor-general of the province, taking
the oath of office on the 23d of the month. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 180. The same day,
as agent for the Van Werckhoven heirs, he obtained permission "to plant and establish a
village on Long Island on the Bay of the North river." — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 382.
In memory of the old Dutch city which was his birthplace, as well as his patron's,
Cortelyou named the village New Utrecht. — Doc. Hist. N. Y., 8vo ed., I: 633.
The first survey by Cortelyou, in New Amsterdam, noted in the records, bears the
date December 5, 1656. — Liber Deeds, A: 112. It was of Charles Morgan's lot in Block H,
No. 5. Van Elslant's last measurement of land was made October 5, 1656. — Ibid., A: 75.
For a quarter of a century, at least, Jacques Cortelyou was a sworn surveyor. In
January, 1681, a warrant was issued to him to lay out land at Cow Neck, L. I. — N. Y. Col.
Docs., XIV: 761. His activities ranged from Schenectady to the Delaware. — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 282; N. Y. Col. Docs., XIII: 244. Riker says he was the first to lay out
the village of Harlem (p. 251). Some of the Staten Island townships were also first
surveyed and plotted by him. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIII: 458.
It is not known that Cortelyou owned any property on Manhattan Island, or ever
resided there. He had an office on the Marketfield, in the little building (Block E, No. 4a),
which he rented from Pieter Jacobsen Buys, and in which, there is hardly a doubt, the
original of the Castello Plan was prepared. The Kemble Building now covers the site.
His home, however, was always on Long Island, at New Utrecht, or at Nyack (near
Fort Hamilton), where he seems to have been living when the Labadists met him. Thus,
Cortelyou may be considered a pioneer among New York commuters.
[■] Nicasius de Sille wrote the following epitaph in verse on the birth and death of this infant; it is preserved
in the town records of New Utrecht, and printed in the Anthology of New Neiherland:
"Here lies the first of Cortelyou from life withdrawn,^
The first child in the village of our Utrecht born;
Brought forth in innocence, snatched hence without a stain,
God gave it being here, a better life to gain.
[Signed] N. n. S. 1657"
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 213
He was captain of militia for Utrecht and Bushwyck, and vendue master on Long
Island, in 1673-4.— A^. ^- Col. Docs., II: 646, 683. When he took the oath of allegiance
in Kings County, in September, 1687, he said he had been in the county thirty-five years.
—Doc. Hist., N. Y., Svo. ed., I: 660.
Cortelyou was still living on February 28, 1693, according to an entry in Doc. Hist.
N. Y., Svo. ed., II: 415, but had died before July 27 of that year, when his widow, Neeltje
van Duyn, gave to her sons, Jacques and Peter, a power of attorney to settle the estate
of their late father. — Cal. Hist. MSS., English, 235.
GENERAL TOPOGRAPHY
Nicasius de Sille records (see De Sille List) that the "Castle Amsterdam" and the
"Windmill" stand on "Stuijvesant's Hoogh [Hoeck]," a name new to history, for this
locality. He mentions the Company's garden and the cemetery on the Heere Straet, and
"The Stadthuys" and "The Hall" in the Hoogh Straet behind it. In the next item, he
says "The Vis marckt [fish market]" was "by the Wael in front of Hendrick Jansen vander
Vin" (Block O, No. i). The Plan shows a good basin at the entrance of the canal and a
broad, open place for the fishermen to sell their wares.
"The Waech [balance or scales] at the water side next to the Wijnbruch which is
also strongly fixed at the water side" is a quaint entry. If this pier is ever called the Wine
Bridge, elsewhere, we have not met with it. The next entry proves that a Gasthuijs
(hospital) was actually built, at the square on the Bridge Street.
The buildings in the Fort seem to be those shown on the Prototype View (Vol. I, Fron-
tispiece), i. e.: the Church, the Governor's House, the Barracks, the Gevangen Huys, or
prison, and a building which may be either a storehouse or officers' quarters. (See remarks
on p. 124, Vol. I.) The observer who wrote the Description of the Tozvne of Mannadens in
New Netherland, as it was in Sept. 1661, says of the Fort and its buildings: "In this Fort
is the Church, the Governors house, and houses for soldiers, ammunition, etc." — Jameson's
Nar. N. Neth., 422. He also tells us that there were sixteen guns mounted in the Fort,
whereas the Plan shows but twelve.
The Description says, further: "they have made a gut almost through the towne,
keyed it on both sides with timber and boards as far in as the 3. small bridges; and near
the coming into the gut they have built two firme timber bridges with railes on each side."
Except that there are but two small bridges on the Castello Plan, this canal is shown
as here described, in perfect detail. The third small bridge is shown on "The Duke's Plan"
(Vol. I, PI. 10), which depicts conditions as they existed in September, 1661. It is there-
fore evident that it was built between October, 1660, and September, i66i. The "firme
timber bridges" are, of course, "The Brouwers Brugh at Jacob van Couwenhoven's" and
"The nieuwe Bruch at Hendrick Jansen vander Vin's." The new bridge seems to have
been in course of construction in August, 1659, when Cornelis Steenwyck rendered a bill
"To 151 planks for the New Bridge by Burgomaster Marten Cregier's order." — Rec. N.
Am., Ill: 38.
For descriptions and history of the Stadt Huys, here shown in its completed state,
with the cupola, the reader is referred to many citations in the present work, i. e., Vol.
I: 127, 141, 153, f< seq.; the Chronology, and the Key to Map of the Dutch Grants (Block O).
The short wharf somewhat to the left of the Stadt Huys is shown nowhere else. Pre-
sumably, it had been demolished before September, 1661, by which time the stone half-
moon had been built in front of the Stadt Huys. — Description of the Towne of Mannadens,
in Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 421.
214 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
"The Duke's Plan" (PI. lo) and the NicoUs Map (PI. lo-A) show the half-moon, but do
not show this pier.
The Wijnbruch, or weigh-house pier (at the head of the present Moore Street), is shown
here of its original length; according to entries in the Records, it had been begun by April
i8, 1659, and was finished by July of the same year. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 219, 225. In
November, 1660, it was found advisable to add four rods "to the pier at the Weighscales."
— Ibid., VII: 262, 263. This lengthened wharf measures, on the NicoUs Map, about eleven
rods, or 137 ft., 6 inches. On the Castello Plan, it measures just seven rods, or 87 ft.,
6 inches.
By the autumn of 1660, the old line of palisades had been rebuilt and strengthened
by the construction of six masonry bastions, and two substantial gates had been built.
The Description verifies the Plan: "The land side of the towne is from the Northwest
corner unto the North E. gate 520 yards and lyeth neer N. W. and S. E. having six flank-
ers at equal distance, in four of w*^" are mounted 8 guns." — Jameson's Nar. N . Neth.,
423. No other map shows six flankers.
These new fortifications were decided upon about two years before the date of the
Plan. In an entry of July 11, 1658, the "Burgomasters resolved ... to set off the
City with a wall." — Rec. N. Avi., VII: 189-90. A few days later, Frans Clasen's
(Claessen's) widow was notified by the burgomasters "to remove the house out of the road
or they shall have it done." — Ibid., VII: 194. This house stood in the way of the guard-
house at the Water Gate. (See Block Q, No. 26.) On August 30th, Geertje StofFelsen was
forbidden "to build a house right against the wall outside the city gate." — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 200. (On the north side of Pearl Street outside the Water Gate. — Patents,
II: 85, Albany.)
The "wall," thus begun, seems to have been practically finished when the Plan was
drawn, although the guns had not been mounted. Thirty-nine years later, August 18,
1699, an entry in the Minutes of the Common Council, II: 82, recites:
That the former line of fortifications that did Range Along the Wall Street from the East to
the North River together with the Bastians that were thereon Erected are fallen to decay . . .
[we] therefore humbl}' pray . . . that the same fortifications may be demolished . . .
And that the Stones of y? S"! Bastians with the Consent of the Owners thereof may be Appropriated
to the Building the said Citty Hall.
A full history of the "wall" will be found in the Chronology. It had its beginning, on
March 15, 1653, when the committee on fortifying the city announced that they would
"receive proposals for a certain piece of work to set off" the City with palisades." — Rec.
N. Am., I: 69. The specifications and conditions were announced two days later {ibid., I:
72), and by April 20, 1653, it was resolved "that the citizens without exception" should
begin "immediately digging a ditch from the East river to the North river." — N. Y. Col.
Docs., XIV: 201. On July 28th, it was officially stated in Stuyvesant's letter to the
city authorities that "the City has, to the satisfaction and for the security of the inhabitants,
been surrounded with palisades on the land side and along the Strand on the Eastriver .
that the work has been done now already three weeks." — Rec. N. Am., I: 90. Within a
short time, the palisade so hastily erected became dilapidated. In 1655, several citizens
were fined for cutting part of it down for firewood. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 145. At the
same time, a petition "for enlarging the city gate at the East river, New Amsterdam, so
as to permit the passage of a cart" was referred to the city authorities {ibid., 149), strong
evidence of the temporary character of the first "wall."
Finally, the burgomasters, in an address to Stuyvesant and the council, on January 22,
1658, set forth at length "the many necessary repairs to the City's works," and asked
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 215
for the proceeds of the weigh-scales to defray part of the expenses. In reply, the director
and council admitted "that some public works are necessary to be made and others to be
repaired," and grudgingly allowed the burgomasters "a just fourth part of the Weighscales
to be paid to the City Treasurer and Receiver." — Rec. N. Am., VII: 167, 169, 171.
A number of improvements were then begun by the city, which, as the Plan shows,
were practically completed by the summer of 1660. Some of the orders of the burgo-
masters during 1658-9, notably those relating to the new and wider Gracht, are recorded
in the Administrative Minutes printed in Vol. VII of the Records of New Amsterdam. Unfor-
tunately, the Court Minutes, in which many proceedings are set forth, are missing for the
period between September 27, 1658, and August 19, 1659.
In April, 1658, "The Schout was further ordered, to notify all who lie along the North
River to level their bank and lay it off according to the Generals [Stuyvesant's] plan." —
Rec. N. Am., VII: 183. Presumably, this plan authorised the erection of the fortification
on the North River called in later years the Oyster Pasty Mount, which is shown com-
pleted on the Castello Plan, although "The Duke's Plan" and the Nicolls Map have no
indication of it. The Miller Plan, of 1695 (Vol. I, PI. 23-a), shows this little redoubt very
much as Cortelyou drew it.
The demolition of the houses to the west of the Fort, alluded to more fully in the descrip-
tion by blocks, was also part of the "General's Plan."
There are many entries in Volume VII of the Records concerning the sheet-piling on
the East River, which seems to have been perfected by this time. At the Water Gate,
the piling appears to have been built out to encircle the guard-house. Clearly, this is
not a redoubt or gun-mount. "The Duke's Plan" shows no half-moon here. In fact, as
late as September, 1661, the Description, after mentioning the stone half-moon in front
of the Stadt Huys, continues, hopefully, "they then said they would build 2 halfe moons
more between yt and the Northeast gate." — Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 421.
A month later, on October 13, 1661, the burgomasters petitioned: "that sloops owned
in the province be obliged to bring two or three cargoes of stone yearly to the city for the
redoubts proposed to be constructed." — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 230.
TOPOGRAPHICAL, BIOGRAPHICAL, AND HISTORICAL DATA
BLOCK A
No. I
Lodowyck Pos, cabinet-maker, and captain of the Rattle Watch, bought this house
and lot from Jan Martyn, May 21, 1655, for 600 florins (^240.), to be paid in equal
instalments of 200 florins each, the first, however, to consist of two cows. When the
second payment became due, Martyn sued for it. May, 1656, alleging that the cows had
not been delivered — Rec. N. Am., II: 99. This statement was disproved, and the court
ordered that a bill of sale and a receipt be given to Pos. Evidently, the final payment
was deferred, for the deed was not delivered until March 27, 1662. — Liber Deeds, A: 257.
Just prior to the purchase of this house, Pos had settled some part of his debt to
Isaac de Forest, whose tenant he had been, though he was still handicapped with back
rent to the extent of 339 guilders. — Powers of Attorney, trans, by O'Callaghan, 139-41, in
City Clerk's Library. In February, 1656, he was granted the tavern-keeper's right; so
it seems probable that he abandoned cabinet-making for the more profitable occupation
of a tapster. The situation was a good one for a public house, as the roadstead on the
2i6 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
North River "in front of and near the Beavers' path" was the only one on the west side
of the city where, by ordinance of August ii, 1656, ships were permitted to anchor
{Laws is Ord., N. Neth., 237), and the Fort also was close by. Sailors and soldiers
were, doubtless, then, as they are now, profitable customers.
In 1662, Pos sold the south-westerly corner of his land to Claes Jansen Ruyter, who,
shortly before July 10, 1663, built there a house valued at 1,000 florins in beaver (Van
der Veen's Records, in Min.of Orph. Court, II: 55-6), which, on June 16, 1663, was sold
by the city under an execution. This deed contains the earliest covenant found in New
York real estate records: "in the said house, on the east side, there is a permanent privilege
for a three light window." — Liber Deeds, B: 113; cf. Book of Records of Deeds l^ Transfers
(etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 73-8, in City Clerk's Library.
No. 2
Site of No. I Broadway. The house on this lot, built by Thomas Broen, before July,
1644, when it was mortgaged to Isaac Allerton {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 29), was purchased
by Pieter Laurenzen Cock, a Dane, in 1648. Broen later established himself among the
Swedes on the South (Delaware) River. — Brodhead's Hist. State of N. F., I: 511; cf.
New Sweden, by Rev. Israel Acrelius, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1841, p. 411; N. Y.
Col. Docs., XII: 372.
As early as September, 1634, Cock was a partner of Cornelis van Vorst, of Pavonia,
in the ownership of a trading sloop {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 8), and, undoubtedly, shared
with him the very lucrative fur-trade with the Indians which Van Vorst is known to have
carried on. This close association led to Cock's betrothal to Annetje, Van Vorst's daughter.
After the death of her father, however, the young lady declined to fulfil her engagement
of marriage, whereupon her lover sued her for breach of promise. The suit dragged on
through the court for more than a year, although David Provoost, as advocate for the defend-
ant, often urged a decision. Finally, the burgomasters and schepens decided. May 18,
1654, that, "the promise of marriage having been made and given before the Eyes of God,"
it should remain in force; that all the presents should remain in the possession of the lady;
that neither party should marry any other person until the magistrates were apprised
that they had released each other formally, and, finally, that each should pay half the
expenses of the suit. — Rec. N. Am., I: 54-200.
Evidently, Anna Cornelissen van Vorst did not change her mind, for, on November 11,
1656, notice of her marriage to Claes Janszen, from Purmesendt, is given {Marriages in
Ref. Dutch Ch., 2i),[M and, on June 13, 1657, banns were published between Pieter Laurens-
zen Cock, of Denmark, and Anneken Dircks, of Amsterdam. — Idem.
Cock was still living in January, 1660 {Rec. N. Am., Ill: 105), but was dead before
November of that year. — Min. of Orph. Court, I: 160.
On April 25, 1661, Anna Dircks, widow, petitioned the provincial council for permission
to build a house on the south corner of her lot, which was refused because it was too near
the Fort. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 223. A century later, Captain Archibald Kennedy
built on the south corner of this lot the house so long known as No. i Broadway.
[■] All references to dates of marriage in the Reformed Dutch Church, prior to 1674, apply to the first publica-
tion of the banns, the marriage usually taking place immediately after the third publication, or within a month.
This practice was not, however, always adhered to, some postponing the marriage "from time to time, not only weeks
but some months." To do away with this irregularity, an ordinance was passed, on January 15, 1658, directing
that "all published persons, after three Proclamations have been made and no lawful impediment occurs, shall cause
their Marriages to be solemnized within one month at furthest, after the last Proclamation, or within that time,
appear and show cause where they ought, for refusing; and that on pain of forfeiting Ten guilders for the first week
after the expiration of the aforesaid month, and for the succeeding weeks 20 guilders for each week, until they have
made known the reasons for refusing." — Lmvs y Ord., N. Neth., 328.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 217
No. 3
Martin Cregier's house, on the site of No. 3 Broadway, was erected between February
25, 1656, when he petitioned for leave to build on the lot {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 161),
and September 15, 1659, when "the newly built house and lot of the Worsh" Burgomaster
Marten Cregier" are referred to by his neighbour, Jacobus Backer. — Liber Deeds, A: 177.
On January 3, 1664, his negro servant, Lysbet Antonis, or Antonisse, set fire to the house.
— Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 258-9. How badly it was burned, the records do not reveal,
but, from the fact that on the 26th of the same month he surrendered his grant of 1643 and
accepted a modified "new patent for a house and garden," it is to be inferred that he had
to rebuild. — Liber HH (2): 135 (Albany).
At one time or another, Martin Cregier served New Amsterdam in almost every civic
capacity. A tavern-keeper here as early as 1647 {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 39), he was
appointed one of the first fire-wardens of the town in January, 1648. — Rec. N. Am.,
I: 5. He was one of the first burgomasters when the city acquired a municipal govern-
ment, in 1653 {ibid., 49), orphan-master in 1658 {Min. of Orph. Court, I: 56) and in 1662
{Rec. N. Am.,W: 115), treasurer of the city in 1661 {ibid.. Ill: 394), and burgomaster
in 1663. — Ibid., IV: 195.
In 1663, he was appointed captain-lieutenant of the West India Company, and was
commander in the expedition against the Esopus Indians. — Ibid., IV: 268.
Cregier had obtained the great burgherright in 1657. — Ibid., VII: 150. He was still
living in New York in 1685, when he sold this property to Peter Bayard, acknowledging
the deed as Martin Cregier, Senior. — Liber Deeds, XIII: 183.
No. 4
Jacob de Lang, merchant, of Bemster, in Holland, bought this house and lot, after-
ward No. S Broadway, March 17, 1655, through his attorney in New Amsterdam, Jacob
Hendricksen Backer. — Rec. N. Am., I: 75; Liber Deeds, A: 10. The deed recites that a
certified copy was made, confirmed with the city seal — evidently with the purpose of
transmission to the purchaser, who appears never to have visited New Netherland. Backer
delivered the deed to his patron, September 15, 1659. — Ibid., A: 177.
The house was built by Jan Hendricksen Steelman, alias Coopall, or Buy All, whose
various activities had landed him deeply in debt to Jacob Jansen de Lang. — Mortgages,
1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 65-7. De Lang's widow, Maria Verveelen, sold the
property in 1664 to Francis Boon {Liber Deeds, B: 47), who, in turn, conveyed it to Gerrit
van Tright in 1665. — Ibid., B: 86.
No. 5
Domine Johannes Megapolensis owned this large plot, covering the site of Nos. 7, 9,
and II Broadway.
Megapolensis was a native of Koedyck, a village four miles north-north-east of Alkmaar,
in North Holland; he arrived in New Amsterdam in the ship "den Houttuyn," August 4,
1642, accompanied by his wife, Machtelt Willems, daughter of Willem Steenge, and four
children, "Hillegont, dirrick, Jan and Samuel." — Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 609, 623.
He was under contract to Kiliaen van Rensselaer to preach the gospel at Rensselaerswyck
for a term of six years.
His real name seems to have been Grootstadt, or van Grootstede. — Ibid., 828; Jameson's
Nar. N. Neth., 165. Corwin says the original form of the name was van Mekelenburg,
which was Hellenised when the elder Megapolensis moved to Holland. — Corwin's Manual
of the Ref. Ch. in America, 4th ed., 614; cf. Eccles. Rec, I: 228.
2i8 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
He was the first Protestant missionary to the Indians, and, in 1644, pubhshed A short
account of the Mohawk Indians, which is printed in Jameson's Narratives of New Netherland,
168-80. In 1648, he wrote to the Classis at Amsterdam: "I think that I have remained
at my station here in this wild country (long enough)," and insisted upon returning to
Holland. — Eccles. Rec, I: 239. Finally, he was persuaded, "for the honor of God .
and the interest of men," to remain in New Amsterdam, where, in August, 1649, he was
installed minister, with a salary of i,2co guilders ($480) a year. — O'Callaghan's Hist, of N.
Neth., II: 97. This handsome income having been augmented by legacies from Holland,
he bought the southerly part of his Broadway plot, in 1655. ['] — Liber Deeds, A: 26. There
was a small house on the land, which may have been the house of Jan Stevensen, before his
sudden departure for Holland. This parcel the domine sold, in 1663, to his son-in-law,
Cornells van Ruyven, secretary and receiver of the West India Company, who built here a
"large stone dwelling, " which he sold on June 22, 1674, to Gabriel Minvielle. — Liber Deeds,
B: 5; cf. Deeds y Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664, trans, by O'Callaghan, 296-7; Original
Book of N. Y. Deeds, 1673-1675, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, pp. 27-8.
Megapolensis built his own residence, the large house shown on the Plan, on the upper
part of the Stevensen land, which he acquired from Abram Verplanck, in January, 1656. —
Liber Deeds, A: 27. From 1653 to 1656 he sent his younger son, Samuel, to Harvard Col-
lege.— Corwin's Manual of the Ref. Ch. in America, 615. In 1657, he secured a further
stated sum of 300 guilders a year "for house rent and firewood." — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch,
182. Megapolensis resided here until his death, in the latter part of 1669. — Eccles. Rec,
I: 601, 604. His last days were made unhappy by accusations of treachery, brought against
him by the West India Company because he had counselled the surrender of 1664. Although
he vigorously defended himself in a letter of April 17-27, 1669, to the Classis, he seemed
keenly affected by the charges. His letter concludes with a pathetic note of anxiety for
his congregation, soon to be deprived of his services. His widow remained here until June,
1674, when, at the age of seventy-four years, and being on the eve of returning to Patria,
she sold the house to Balthazar Bayard. — Original Book of N. Y. Deeds, 1673-1675, in
N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, pp. 32-3; see Block L, No. 9.
More than fifty years later, Mr. Augustus Jay bought the property from the Bayard
family. — Liber Deeds, XXXI: 245. Intending "to Erect several Houses thereon which
when finished will be A Beauty and Ornament to the said Street," he petitioned the cor-
poration to straighten Broadway {M. C. C, IV: 13), which being done, he built the fine
houses at Nos. 9 and 11 Broadway — later the Atlantic Gardens. The original grant to
Jan Stevensen and the deed from Verplanck to Megapolensis are in the possession of the
N. Y. Hist. Society. The latter, to which is affixed a fine impression of the earliest seal
of the city (1654), is reproduced in Wilde's The Civic Ancestry of New York-City and State,
Pis. V and VI, and also in the Chronology.
No. 6
Lucas Andries, skipper and part owner of the yacht "Flower of Gelder," trading to
Fort Orange, owned and occupied this small house, now known as No. 13 Broadway. —
Rec. N. Am., HI: 405; IV: 191, 203. Sworn in as one of the small burghers, in 1657
{ibid., VII: 153), his name heads the list of inhabitants on the Heere Straet, in 1665. —
Ibid., V: 221.
In 1686, "Lucas Andriesen, en zyn h. v. Aeftje Laurense," whom he married by license
['] The estate of Willem Steentgens, of Koedyck, Megapolensis's father-in-law, was settled this year. In 1649,
the elder Megapolensis had died, leaving a considerable estate. Hillegonde (Hillegont) had been specially remem-
bered by a bequest of 5CX5 guilders. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 57, 58.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 219
of November 20, 1665 {Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 20), appear on the list of members
of the Reformed Dutch Church compiled by Domine Henricus Selyns. — N. Y. Hist.
Soc. Collections, 1841, p. 392. ['] The original deed from Aefie Anderisse to Jacob van
Saamen (sic), dated August 26, 1693, was owned by the late General James Grant Wilson. —
Bulletin N. Y. Pub. Library, 1901, V: 96.
No. 7
No. 15 Broadway. The house of Barent Cruytdop; built prior to June 15, 1660, when
Denys Isaackzen, the carpenter, was compelled to sue for wages incurred in building it.
Cruytdop claimed: "all is not yet finished." — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 177. A busy man was
Cruytdop during this month of June. On the 8th, he was fined for trying to board the
ships on their first arrival, contrary to the ordinance of April 15, 1638. — Laws y Ord.,
N. Neth., II. Schout de Sille testifies that he endeavoured, "with a naked sword in his
hand," to prevent Cruytdop and others from "boarding the vessels, but could not do
it; . . ." — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 171. On June nth, he procured his license to marry
Margaret Grootgens, a widow, being himself a widower. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch.,
26. On June 15 and June 22, he sued three of his fellow townsmen, and recovered judg-
ment in each case. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 176, 180. Two years later, his wife was sued, in
turn, by Joannes Vervelen for 900 guilders, money loaned on the house, plus a year's interest.
She said she could do nothing before her husband returned, or until she had letters from
him, adding, hopefully, that "she expected his arrival with Samuel Edsall." — Ibid., V:
129, 135.
On April 25, 1663, Cruytdop's house was sold under an execution to Gerrit Hendricksen,
the transport reciting that Cruytdop had bought the lot on April 5, 1659, from Hendrick
Jansen de Ruyter, "which lot the aforesaid Cruytdop built a house upon, and afterwards
mortgaged the said lot and superstructure to divers persons . . ." — Liher Deeds, B:
85; cf. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 17-22.
No. 8
Land afterwards covered by the present Nos. 17-19 Broadway. The original grant
for this plot, to one Jan Huygen, dated June 6, 1649, is in the library of J. Pierpont
Morgan, Esq. Huygen was dead before July, 1657, when his widow, Lysbeth Pieters,
married Dirck Wiggerts, "late in the Company's service," as he deposed when he took the
burgher oath. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 21; Rec. N. Am., VII: 200.
"Uncle Dirck," as he was commonly known, was a waterside character. He was a ship
carpenter, and also owned and operated small boats. He was in New York as late as
1674. — Ihid., IV: 209; VI: 98,99, no; VII: 129.
Nos. 9 AND II
Lucas Dircksen procured a bill of sale for this plot (now No. 21 Broadway) in June,
1656 {Liber Deeds, B: 28), and here he kept an inn of questionable character, frequently
coming into collision with the city authorities. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 334. Some two years
earlier, he had received permission to retail beer and wine. — Ibid., I: 163. At this time he
was a "Sergeant in the service of the Hon''"'^ Company," but, on February 15, 1656, he
asked for and obtained his discharge from the Company, in order to "transport himself
with his family to the Southriver of New-Netherland, to settle there, where he has bought
['] Selyns's list is also reprinted in Valentine's Hist, of N. Y. City, 331, and in Wilson's ^fem. Hist. City of N. Y.
I: 446. See also Hoi. Soc. Year Book, 1916, and Chronology.
220 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
a house." — N. Y. Col. Docs., XII: 119. His stay at the South River must have been
very brief, though the records show that he continued for some time to own property at
New Castle, Delaware.
Before April 13, 1670, Dircksenwas dead, and his widow, Annetie Cornelis, was married
to Jacobus Fabritius, a German Lutheran minister who came from Albany to take charge
of the Lutheran Church in New York — much to the discomfiture of Domine Megapolensis
(the younger). — Eccles. Rec, I: 95, 606; N. Y. Col. Docs., XII: 473.
Fabritius seems to have been a man of despicable character; the records teem with
references to his quarrels with his wife, who implored the court to order him to vacate
her house. He answered with a lampoon in Latin, which the court sharply commanded
him to turn into "good Low dutch within thrice 24 hours." — Rec. N. Am., VII: 52. In
1675, he was sent a prisoner from Delaware to New York, for disturbing the peace. — Cal.
Court. Min., 23. A good sketch of Fabritius will be found in Exec. Coun. Min., ed. by
V. H. Paltsits, I: 94; cf. Rec. N. Am., VII: 44, et seq.
Lucas Dircksen's heirs sold this property in 1715 to May Bickley, former attorney-
general of the province (1706-1712). — Liber Deeds, XXVIII: 167-9.
No. 10
This is the present No. 23 Broadway. Reindert Jansen Hoorn, who bought this house
and lot in 1657, seems to have been, at that time, an energetic person, with good connections
in Holland. His many business ventures brought him to bankruptcy a few years later.
Finally, "being a quarrelsome man," he viciously assaulted Jan Gillis, the younger, on
December 13, 1660, fled the colony, and is not heard of again. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 247,
256, 317, et seq.
Before his departure, he had sold this property to Director-General Stuyvesant, who
installed here one Pieter Sinkam (Sinkampf, Simkam, Simkans), a tailor, from Nime-
vegen. The director had paid Sinkam's passage in the "Spotted Cow," on her voyage of
April 15, 1660. — List from Account Books of W. I. Co., copied by J. Riker, Jr. After
Stuyvesant's death, his widow, in 1672, sold the little house to Sinkam. — Liber Deeds,
B: 188; cf. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 207.
When, in 1663, Sinkam married Debora Jans, of Batavia, he styled himself "of Oye." —
Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 28.
Nos. 12 AND 12-A
"At the Belle Videre where Do Drijsij houses stand, there are 4 [houses]." — De Sille
List of 1660.
Early in 1652, the directors of the West India Company decided that it would be well
to have a second minister in New Netherland, preferably one who could preach also in
English. Fortunately, such a one was found sojourning at Leyden — whither he had come
to escape the turbulent times in England — who was able to preach in the English tongue,
as well as in the Dutch, "and if necessary even in French," although we are told that he
had been educated by German parents, and in the German tongue. This was the Reverend
Samuel Driesch (Drisius), who had recently been preaching in England. At the time of
his coming to New Amsterdam he was "a bachelor of about forty years ... a very
pious man and possessed of great gifts; . . . of a very peaceful disposition and agree-
able conversation." No wonder the directors at Amsterdam said of him that "he made
his appearance" as if "sent by the Lord"! — Eccles. Rec, I: 302, 303, 307.
Domine Drisius was sent to New Amsterdam August 12, 1652. — Ibid., I: 311. His
THE CASTELLO PLAN 221
sponsors gravely wrote: "as he is unmarried, we have thought it might not be incon-
venient, if he boarded with Johan de la Montagnie; but we do not wish to press such an
arrangement upon either, and propose it only from pure affection." — Ibid., I: 307. Evi-
dently, this suggestion was not carried into effect, for, on October 15, 1652, Hendrick van
Dyck was ordered to vacate the Company's house, which he was occupying, by November
1st, as it was required for the Rev. Samuel Drisius, who had recently arrived. — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 129.
Late in 1653, Stuyvesant sent Drisius to Virginia to renew his former proposals
to Governor Bennett, and to conclude a commercial treaty. This mission was completely
successful.— A''. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 241, 242; O'Callaghan's Hist, of N. Neth., II: 235.
Upon his return, he secured the grant of land behind the churchyard, and built the two
houses shown on the Plan.
Having remained unmarried until he reached the mature age of forty-seven, Drisius
appropriately secured a license on St. Valentine's Day, 1659 {Marriages in Rej. Dutch
Ch., 23) to wed Lysbeth Grevenraedt, widow of Elbert Elbertsen, who, "in trying to board
the ship Bontekoe [Spotted Cow], was drowned in the North River," in 1655. — Min. of
Or ph. Court, I: 2.
Jointly with Domine Megapolensis, Drisius administered the affairs of the Reformed
Dutch Church faithfully and acceptably. He was illiberal, even bigoted, in his attitude
towards members of any other sect, having a special antipathy to Lutherans and Quakers.
After the death of his colleague, he failed rapidly in health and mental strength {Eccles.
Rec, I: 607), and toward the end of his days received very material assistance from the
Rev. ./Egidius Luyck. — Rec. N. Am., VI: 292. His death occurred on April 18, 1673. —
Eccles. Rec, I: 653.
No. 13
This house (on the site of No. 37 Broadway) was undoubtedly one of the four houses
"At the Belle Videre," referred to on the De Sille List, of 1660. Only three of these had
been completed when the Castello Plan was drawn; this one stood on land belonging to
the churchwardens. Evidently, the domine and wardens had cooperated in their erection.
On October 13, 1660, Nicasius de Sille and Hendrick Jansen van der Vin, in their official
capacity as churchwardens, sold their house to Laurens Andriessen, the lot running through
to the Highway, 43 Dutch feet wide by 15 rods long. — Liber Deeds, A: 217. This reduced
the churchyard to a frontage of 12 rods, in a line with the Drisius grant of 1654.
Laurens (Louwerens) Andriessen, Drayer (Turner), from Holsteyn, on December 12,
1658, married Jannetje Jans, widow of Christian Barentsen {Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch.,
23), who died at the South River, June 26, 1658. — Min. of Orph. Court, I: 44. By Jan-
uary 30, 1660, he had realised 574 florins by the sale of Barentsen's estate. — Ibid., I: 129.
Subsequently, as shown, he purchased this property. There remained still 200 guilders
unpaid in May, 1661, "according to the tenor of the Church book."— ^^c. N.Am., Ill:
290. If, as the above record states, Andriessen built upon the lot, it must have been on
its Broadway front.
"Lawrence Andries" took the oath of allegiance at Bergen, November 22, 1665. He
was still living there in June, 1674. — N. J. Archives, ist series, I: 49, 146.
n
THE CEMETERY ON THE HEERE STRAET
There is nothing in the records to indicate when this plot of ground was set apart for
a burial-place. None of the early chroniclers mentions it, nor is it identified on the Manatus
222 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Map, of 1639. The exactness with which it was laid out — fifteen rods square and at right
angles to the main highway — suggests the work of a surveyor. Possibly, Master Kryn
Fredericksz. measured it off when he staked out the Fort, although, from the fact that it
was under the administration of the churchwardens, who were responsible for its fencing
and general maintenance, it may date from a later period — after "the form of a church,"
to quote Domine Michaelius, had been established. — Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 124. The
earliest mention of it in the records is under date of April 15, 1649, when it is referred to
as the "old Church yard." — See Map and Key of the Dutch Grants.
The Castello Plan shows it of its original width of fifteen rods (187 feet, 6 inches) on
the Highway, but diminished in depth to 9 rods, more or less, by the Drisius grant of 1654
(No. I2).['] The old "churchyard" extended along Broadway from a point 20 feet south
of Morris Street to the south corner of No. 39 Broadway.
The trestles shown on the Plan in the "churchyard" are perhaps referred to in the follow-
ing order:
The Burgomasters of this City of Amsterdam in N. N., having taken into consideration the
request of the Churchmasters of said City, herewith authorize and qualify Jan Jelisen Koeck to
take care, that the bell be tolled for the dead at the proper time, also to preserve the pall, collect
the hire thereof for the church as well as the fee for ringing the bell, the rent for the straps, benches
and boards; to keep a record of all, who have died and are buried, without concerning himself
with anything else in this regard. Done at Amsterdam in N. N., February 25, 1661. — Exec. Min.
of Burgomasters, in Min. of Orph. Court, II : 77-8.
There follows in the records the subjoined quaint entry, under date of March 3, 1661:
Claas van Elslandt senior appearing, he is told, that complaints are made against him, because
he does not behave well as gravedigger and when inviting people to a burial, and because of his age
and long residence here he is warned to behave better henceforth and the following order is given him:
The Burgomasters of the City of Amsterdam in N. N. ha"ve taken into consideration the request
of the Churchmasters, and hereby charge and direct Claas van Elslandt the elder to take care only
of the graves of the dead, dug in the church and in the churchyard; to look after the bier being
fetched and brought back to the proper place; to invite, according to old custom, everybody to
the funeral, walk decently before the corpse and to demand and receive pay only for his services,
without asking for more. — Ibid., II: 80.
For details of the subsequent history of the "churchyard," see Chronology.
No. 14
Although there are several larger and more imposing residences shown on the Plan,
the house on "The Heere Straet where Burgo master Poulus Leender Grift lives," seems
to have had an identity all its own. Referring to it in the Representation, written in July,
1649, the remonstrants observe, sarcastically: "though Paulus Lenaertssen has small
wages, he has built a better dwelling-house here than anybody else. How this has hap-
pened is mysterious to us; . . ." — Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 339. A quarter of a century
later, Francois Rombouts bought the house "w'h y? guarden & orchard," demolished it,
and built a residence suited to his wealth and prominence in the community; leaving it
upon his death, in 1691, to his daughter, Katharine, wife of Roger Brett, Gentleman. —
Liber Deeds, ^■. 184; cf. Book of Records of Deeds ^ Transfers {etc.), i66^-i6j2 (translated),
198-9; Liber Deeds, XXVI: 308; XXVIII: 113; mils, IV: 99. [^] After the Revolution,
Alexander Macomb erected on this site, later known as No. 39 Broadway, the mansion
which Washington occupied during the second session of Congress. — See notes on PI. 56.
(') In October, 1660, the "churchyard" was reduced to a width of 12 rods; see No. 13, ante.
|2] On Tuesday, January 31, 1680, at 8 o'clock in the morning, the Labadist preachers, Danckaerts and Sluyter,
called on Mayor Rombouts at this house, on summons from Gov. Andros, to give an account of themselves, their
purpose in visiting this country, and their future intentions. An extremely interesting account of this spirited inter-
view is given in the Journal (ed. by James and Jameson), pp. 167-171.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 223
Paulus Leendertsen van der Grift was a captain in the West India Company's service
as early as 1644. Stuyvesant made him naval officer early in 1647 {Laws y Ord., N. Neth.,
68), and also "Equipage Master." — Rec. N. Am., \: \. He was made a schepen in the first
city government, in 1653, and a burgomaster in 1657-1665. — Ibid., I: 49; II: 285; IV: 277.
During his long residence in New Amsterdam, he filled many minor offices. On October
10, 1670, he was nominated for alderman of the City of New York, but seems to have
suddenly decided to return to Holland, for, by the 8th of November, 1670, he had departed. —
Ibid., VI: 261, 267.
A year later, his children, Gerrit, Margaratie, and Maritje, followed him, in the ship
"Good Fame of New York." — Exec. Coun. Min., ed. by V. H. Paltsits, I: 173. He left
his interests here in the care of Jacob Hendricksen Varravanger. He was still living abroad
in 1674. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 55, 56.
No. IS
The house, garden and orchard of Hendrick van Dyck. Van Dyck sailed from Holland
in "den Waterhondt" early in June, 1640, bearing a commission as military commander
for the West India Company, and bringing a company of soldiers with him. He had formerly
held the office of fiscal of the military court of the province of Utrecht, which he only resigned
on his departure for New Netherland. Kiliaen van Rensselaer, in a letter of introduction
to Director Kieft, speaks of him as a man of rank, courageous, intelligent, and able. —
Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 472, 473, 487.[']
Van Dyck's activities in the early Indian wars, 1642-44, are recited at length in the
Journal of New Netherland 1647. — Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 275, 283. On June 28, 1645,
he received his commission as fiscal {N. Y. Col. Docs., I: 494), returning to New Nether-
land with Stuyvesant in May, 1647, to take up his new duties. In March, 1652, he was
removed from office by the director and council. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 126.
During these five years, Stuyvesant had excluded him from the council chamber twenty-
nine months, according to the Remonstrance {N. Y. Col. Docs., I: 308), "for the reason,
among others . . . that he cannot keep a secret." Jacob van Couwenhoven and
Jan Evertsen Bout said of him that he was "utterly intolerable in words and deeds; an
addle pate." — Ibid., I: 23S-
There is no doubt that most of Van Dyck's shortcomings were caused by his intem-
perance. He acknowledges this fault in his defense to the States General protesting against
his removal from office. — Ibid., I: 491-513. After his retirement as fiscal, Van Dyck
continued to reside on his property on Broadway. He was still taxed here in 1677 {M. C. C,
I: 54, 55), in which year also a well was ordered to be made "in the broad way against
M"' Vandickes." — Ibid., I: 47. The small fruit orchard shown on the Castello Plan, at the
river end of Van Dyck's land, is famous in the history of the city as the place where the
Indian massacre of September, 1655, had its origin. The incident is thus tersely related
in a letter from the directors to Stuyvesant, in response to his letter of October 31, 1655,
asking for assistance against the savages:
As far as we can learn from the transmitted papers and verbal reports of other private parties,
the former Fiscal Van Dyk has laid the first foundation for this dreadful massacre and given the
most offence, by killing one of the squaws for taking some peaches or other fruits from his garden.
If this is true, then we wonder . . . that he has not been brought to justice as a murderer. —
A^. Y. Col. Docs., XIII: 49, 70.
['] In the Breeden Raedt, it is stated that the fiscal, Hendrick van Dyck, "had committed a well-known murder
at Utrecht, and had been compelled to go from thence on account of it." — Vertoogh van Niru Nederland, and
Breidtn Raedt, trans, by H. C. Murphy, 173.
224 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Van Dyck says, in 1652, that he is "burdened with a wife and four children." — Ibid.,
I: 491. In 1655, Nicolaes de Meyer, afterwards mayor of New York, married Lydia
van Dyck, of Utrecht. Ten years later, Jannetje van Dyck, of North Holland, married
Johannes Coly (John Cooley), of London. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 19, 31. These
were Hendrick van Dyck's daughters. — Rec. N. Am., I: 389; IV: 174; VI: 302.
THE company's GARDEN ON THE HEERE STRAET
All the land between Hendrick van Dyck's and Cornelis Groesens's formed, as early
as 1638, the garden and orchard of the West India Company. Director-General Stuy-
vesant, in 1649, carved out two grants from the south end, for his infant sons, Balthazar
and Nicholas William. — See Map and Key of Dutch Grants. This act of nepotism was not
well received, and seven years later the governor conveyed the land back to the burgo-
masters, who divided it up into five grants, which they partitioned among themselves and
their favoured friend. Captain Fredrick de Koningh, of the man-of-war "De Waagh."
At the time that the Castello Plan was drawn, none of the grants in the orchard had
been built upon, or even surveyed off. The formal Dutch flower-beds had not been dis-
turbed, and the fruit trees still stood like lines of soldiers drawn up in regular formation.
An ornamental gateway opened onto a broad path [•] leading down to a summer-house near
the river; at the extreme north-western point of the enclosure was a quaint little pagoda.
Some years later, a narrow street was cut through from Broadway to the fortification
called the Oyster Pasty Mount. Naturally, it was known as Oyster Pasty Lane; modern
New York calls it Exchange Alley. This narrow passage was dedicated to public use,
April 8, 1697, by an instrument recorded in Liber Deeds, XXI, page 212:
All that Certaine Piece or Parcell of Ground Scituate lying and being in the West Ward of y^
Citty in the Street Commonly Called the broad-way leading to a Certaine Old Fortification Called
Oyster Pasty Containing in breadth in Front and in the Rear twelve foot, and in Length two hundred
and fourty foot, more or less, etc.
It was, however, "open on the ground" as early as 1683. — Ihid., XIII: 10.
No. 16
Jacobus Vis bought this house and garden August 22, 1657. — Liber Deeds, A: 97.
On March 10, 1661, he leased it to Wessel Gerrits, a soldier in the service of the West India
Company. — Register of Solomon Lachaire, trans, by O'Callaghan, 45. On May 24, 1664,
he brought suit against Tymotheus Gabry for the deed of the house, which the latter held
as security, he having gone on Vis's bond for 264 guilders, 6 stivers, of which there still
remained unpaid the trifling sum of 4 guilders, i stiver (about ^1.60). Gabry was ordered
by the court to restore the deed to Vis, on payment of this sum, who, thereupon, on June
18, 1664, sold the house to Jan Meindersen van Iveren. — Liber Deeds, B: 40; cf. Deeds
y Conveyances (etc.), trans, by O'Callaghan, 304-5; Rec. N. Am., V: 62, 76.
On February i, 1673, this house became vested in Willem Isaacqse van Vredenburg,
by a deed which describes it as "haveing to the north the house and ground heretofore
belonging unto Cornelis Pluvier w<^.h is now the Lutheran Church." — Original Book of N. Y.
Deeds, 1673-1675, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, pp. 8-9.
No. 17
Cornelis Jansen Pluyvier (Pluvier) bought this house and lot, "fenced improved and
['] This pathway occupied the bed of the later Rector Street.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 225
bounded," from "Crysteyan barensen," master carpenter and burgher, November 17,
1657, for 2850 guilders, or about $1,140, paying 1616 guilders, 13 stivers in cash. Barentsen
took a purchase-money mortgage for 1233 guilders, 7 stivers. This seems to be the earliest
conveyance of record in which the consideration is mentioned. — Liber Deeds, A: 113;
Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 69. The land was in the form of an L, and
is exactly shown on the Plan. It is particularly interesting as having been the site of the
first Lutheran Church.
Cornelis Jansen Pluvier, son of Jan Jansen Pluvier, was living at Haarlem in Holland
on September 5, 1656, when he and his wife, Geertruyd Andruessen, from Koesvelt
(Koesfeld, in Westphalia, Germany), made their joint wills; she was very ill at the time.
See recitals on the occasion of his filing an inventory of her estate, on December 15, 1661
{Min. of Orph. Court, I: 199-202), preliminary to his marriage, on January 6, 1662, to
Neeltje Couwenhoven. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ck., 27.
Pluvier must have immigrated to New Amsterdam upon his first wife's death — having
no children, he was not tied to Patria. In 1661, he is found as an innkeeper here {Register of
Solomon Lachaire, trans, by O'Callaghan, 109); in this year, he imported a negro woman,
for whom he paid "150 pieces of eight." — Cal. Hist.' MSS., Dutch, 229.
Some time prior to June 29, 1671, Pluvier sold his holdings here to one Christian Peters
"for ye use & Benefitt of y<= Congregacon in Gefi"". (Deed not of record.) Asser Levy
held a mortgage on it for 1625 guilders {Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan,
129), which was still open. Pieters complained to Governor Lovelace, who ordered "that
Collection be forthw'*^ made of y^ Money agreed to be paid for the House, . . soe that
Christiaen Peters be saved harmless from his Engagem*." — Exec. Coun. Min., ed. by V. H.
Paltsits, II: 587. On January 16, 1672, the Lutheran Congregation petitioned Lovelace
for a "Lycence to build & Erect a House for their Church to meet in" and for permission
for Martin Hoffman to go to the South River in Delaware to solicit contributions for this
purpose. — Ibid., II: 589.
On October 17, 1673, Governor Colve ordered the congregation to remove their building
{Rec. N. Am., VII: 13; N. Y. Col. Docs., II: 633-6), and gave them instead one of the
lots in the Company's Garden, May 22, 1674. — N. Y. Col. MSS., XXIII: 433-6; Map and
Key of Dutch Grants.
More than thirty years later, May 17, 1703, "Mayor de Bruyn promises to obtain a
transport of a certain lot belonging to our Church from the Widow Plevier." — Graebner's
Hist, of the Luth. Church, 1892.
Cornelius Pluvier was alderman of the North Ward 1689-90. — M. C. C, I: 204;
VIII: 143. He was one of Leisler's adherents, and was brought before Governor Sloughter
and council as a prisoner, March 20, 1691, and committed to the guards. — Doc. Hist. N. Y.,
Svo. ed., II: 359. As above noted, he died before 1703.
(For fuller notes on the Lutheran Church, see Chronology.)
No. 18
This house was built by Jacob Hellekers, generally referred to as Jacob Swart, or "black
Jacob." He was also called "the Black Carpenter of Gravesend." The Labadists refer to
Swart as having welcomed them with open arms, when they visited him on the first day of
their arrival in the province. — Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, ed. by James and Jameson, 43.
Swart sold the house to one Jan Gerritsen, smith, who having been arrested for theft,
broke jail and fled. Van Tienhoven, as schout, demanded that the house and lot should
be sold at public vendue, to indemnify the smith's victims for their lost goods. — Rec. N.
Am., I: 134. David Provoost, as attorney for Swart's son-in-law, represented to the court
226 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
that the smith had never paid for the house. — Ibid., I: 163. Swart promised to pay Van
Tienhoven what might be found due on account of the fugitive "who inhabited the house,"
and on this condition was allowed to sell it to Domine Drisius, November 5, 1654. — Liber
Deeds, A: 9.
For an interesting account of Swart and his family, see the Journal of Jasper Danckaerts,
189, et seq.
BLOCK B
No. I
Evert Pels, of Rensselaerswyck, erected this house in 1656, shortly after the Heere
Dwars Straet (now Exchange Place) was cut through. It stood on the north-east corner
of Exchange Place and Broadway. Augustine Herrman bought the house and garden in
October of this year. — Liber Deeds, A: 76. When he conveyed it to Hendrick Hendricksen
Kip, the younger, in 1662, he extended his fence through to the Graft, a mistake not rectified
until 1668. — Liber Deeds, B: 147; cf. Deeds y Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664, trans, by
O'Callaghan, 272-3.
Augustine Herrman (Augustyn Heermans, Hermans, Heermansz) was a native of
Prague, in Bohemia, and was born about 1608. He served in the army of Wallenstein
in the Thirty Years War, and is said to have taken part in the battle of Lutzen, in 1632,
when Wallenstein was defeated by the Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus. Herrman's
voyage to America was undertaken as agent or factor for the large commercial house of
Peter Gabry & Sons, of Amsterdam; he sailed on the "Maecht van Enkhuysen" (Maid
of Enkhuizen), and arrived in 1633. He had become the largest and most prosperous
merchant of the town by 1650, when he had erected his great warehouse on the Strand.
He dealt extensively in furs, tobacco, wines, groceries, dry-goods, and negro slaves. He
was also a banker and a lawyer. That he was a linguist, and spoke French, Dutch, German,
and English, is well known; he was also a land surveyor, and was not without merit as an
artist. A man of vivid imagination, strong personality, and many parts, he easily towers
a head and shoulders above the community of petty burghers in which he found himself after
coming to New Amsterdam. — Jameson's Nar. N. Neih., 289, 375; Innes's New Amsterdam and
its People, 281, et seq.; Wilson's A Maryland Manor (in Fund Publication, No. 30, Maryland
Historical Society; also published separately), and Augustine Herrman (in Proceedings
N. J. Hist. Society, 1890-1, pp. 23-34); Bartlett B. James's The Labadist Colony in Mary-
land (in Johns Hopkins Univ. Studies, Series XVII, No. 6).
He was one of the Nine Men instituted as a council by Stuyvesant, in 1647, and a signer
of the Representation of New Netherland, complaining of the acts of government, in 1649. —
Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 354.
That he was a great Virginia trader and ship-owner is instanced by many entries in
the Records of New Amsterdam (II: 70, 73, 74, 77, 380, etc.). He married, December 10,
1651, Janneken Verlet, or Verleth, the daughter of Caspar and Judith Verleth, of Utrecht. —
Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 16. He was the father of two sons and three daughters,
who with him were naturalised by an act of the Maryland Assembly, in 1666. This
was the " first act of naturalization passed by any of the colonies." — Jour, of Jasper
Danckaerts, ed. by James and Jameson, xix.
Herrman is often mentioned as the artist of the sketch of New Amsterdam now known
as the Visscher View (PI. 8-a), afterwards used on Van der Donck's Map, of 1656 (PI. 9);
this assumption, however, is, on the whole, unlikely.
He was sent, with Resolved Waldron, in 1659, to Maryland, on a mission to settle with
THE CASTELLO PLAN 227
Governor Fendall, of Maryland, a dispute concerning the eastern boundary of Lord Balti-
more's patent. — James's The Labadist Colony (supra). He was soon engaged in making
a survey of the colonies of Maryland and Virginia,['] and was rewarded by the grant from
Lord Baltimore of an immense tract — variously estimated at from 24,000 to 40,000 acres,
in Cecil County, Maryland, and New Castle County, Delaware. Here he established
"Bohemia Manor," "St. Augustine Manor," "Little Bohemia," and "The Three Bohemian
Sisters." — Idem.
His first patent from Lord Baltimore was dated June 19, 1662, and it was early in that
year that he moved with his family from New Amsterdam. He built a fine residence on
Bohemia River, near the head of Chesapeake Bay, and here continued to reside until his
death, although his name continues to appear, usually as a suitor, but sometimes as a seller
of real estate, in the Records of Nezv Amsterdam (V: 225; VI: 33, 42, 211, 386). He was
ordered by Colve, in 1673, to demolish his house and orchard outside the wall. — Ibid.,
VH: 13. He died in 1686. "His monumental stone," says General Wilson, "is still to
be seen on his manor ... It contains the following inscription: 'Augustine Herman,
Bohemian, The First Founder & Seater of Bohemia Manor Anno 1661.' "
For description of Herrman's large holdings of real estate in New Amsterdam, see
Map and Key of Dutch Grants, infra; see also Innes's Nezv Amsterdam and its People,
285, et seq.
No. 2
Petrus Stuyvesant, director-general, owned this orchard at the time the Plan was
drawn. Late in September, 1660, after harvest time, he sold 50 feet from the north side
to Captain Jan Jacobsen de Vries. — Liber Deeds, A: 216.
No. 3
The house of Pieter Schaefbanck, court messenger. Pieter had a long and useful career
under both Dutch and English rule. In 1658, he combined the offices of jailor and court
messenger; in the former capacity he begged permission to "lay in beer for the prisoners,
also, wine and liquors, free of excise" — which was granted under restrictions. — Rec. N. Am.,
II- 3SS> 376- This privilege, as might have been expected, led to some laxities of manage-
ment. In May, 1661, his deputy, Hans Vos, who was drunk at the time, allowed Richard
Bullock, a prisoner for debt, to escape. Schaefbanck was ordered to confine his deputy
and put him on a fare of bread and water. Next court day after a week in prison, Vos
was pardoned, but Schaefbanck was told that he was "bound to make good the loss" of
the prisoner. — Ibid., Ill: 306, 313.
In 1665, the English continued him as "Towne Serjeant" {ibid., V: 252) which was
only another name for the same office, for in July, 1671, it was "Ordered . . . that
the Goall KeepF Pieter Schaefbank's Sallarie ... be advanced from 150 to 200
gilders [^80] pF Annum . . . y? Secretarie ... to pay him soo much uppon
his account as will make him a new Coate." — Ibid., VI : 340. In 1673, he still held the office
of jailor. — Ibid., VII: 9. As an old retainer of the city, he seems to have long been treated
with the kindliness due to his years; the last mention of Schaefbanck in the city records
is under date of September 17, 1691; "Ordered that the Treasurer Lett Scarrbanck haue
a new Suite and assist him in whats wanting." — M. C. C, I: 234.
The north fence line of Pieter's lot "on the Breede Wegh," which he sold June 28, 1674
['IThis splendid map, one of the finest early cartographical monuments of the new world, was engraved by
Faithorne. The only copy which is known to have survived is preserved in the British Museum, and is reproduced
in full size, and described in detail, by P. Lee Phillips, in The Rare Map of Virginia and Maryland by Augustine Ilerrman,
1673. Washington, 191 1.
228 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
{Original Book of N. Y. Deeds, 1673-1675, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, pp. 35-6),
was between the Manhattan Life Insurance Building and No. 74 Broadway.
Nos. 4-A AND 4-B
Joseph and Resolved Waldron, brothers, and sons of Resolved Waldron, of Amsterdam,
book printers, bought here in 1655.— TV. Y. Col. MSS., Ill: 130 (Albany); Rec. N.
Am., I: 373.
Resolved (Resolveert or Geresolveert, as the Dutch wrote it) was of English ancestry.
He was under schout, assisting Schouts De Sille and Tonneman, during the years 1658-
1663. — Ibid., II: 400, etc.; Ill: 86, no, etc. As schout's officer, we find him accusing
several who "tapped during the sermon" and at other unlawful hours; who sold fish on
Sunday {ibid.. Ill: 192-3, 218); and who boarded ships "contrary to the Ordinance and
Placard" {ibid.. Ill: 241-2); he hales them into court for fighting and disturbing the
peace {ibid., IV: 191); and fines them for repairing their carts of a Sunday. — Ibid., IV:
342. He seems to have been a ubiquitous personage about the city, and to have made
an excellent record as constable, though he is charged by Quakers, whom he often arrested,
with being hard-hearted. — Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 555. In 1657, he gained the burgher-
right. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 158. Resolved sold the more northerly of the two houses shown
on the Plan to the deacons of the city. May 8, 1662 {Liber Deeds, A: 263); went to Haarlem
in 1664 (Riker, 235), and was one of the freeholders named in the Nicolls patent to the town
of New Haarlem, October 11, 1667. — Ibid., 271-2. He became constable there in 1665
{Rec. N. Am., V: 254); was an overseer from 1668 to 1671 {ibid., VI: 150, 207, 282), and
also served as under schout. — Ibid., VI: 400. Resolved married, in Holland, first, Rebecca
Hendricks, daughter of Hendrick Koch, of Amsterdam; and second, Tanneke Nagel
(May 10, 1654).— Riker, 104.
In the Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, edited by James and Jameson, pp. 65-6, there is
a brief picture of him :
we remained over night at the house of one Geresolveert schout (sheriff or constable) of the
place [New Harlem], who had formerly lived in Brazil, [i] and whose heart was still full of it. This
house was constantly filled with people, all the time drinking, for the most part, that execrable rum.
He died at Harlem in 1690, leaving a good estate in "lands, slaves, farm-stock, etc." —
Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 557.
Joseph Waldron had preceded Resolved to this country, arriving in 1652. He had
married the sister of his brother's wife, Aeltie Hendricks. He is found as one of the nine
labourers at the warehouse and scales of the Company in 1657. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 146.
On the death of his first wife, he married Annetje Daniel, and died in 1663 (Riker, S5Sn),
leaving her a widow with six minor children. From an entry in the Minutes of the Orphan
Court, trans, by O'Callaghan, 347, we know that she intended to return to Holland. If
she went, she as certainly came back, for she married Harman Smeeman, December i,
1668, and Coenraet Ten Eyck (her fourth husband), April 15, 1682. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch
Ch., 33, SI- As the widow of the last-named, she sold the house here shown to John
Delamontagne, May 10, 16S8.— Liber Deeds, XVIII: 57.
Nos. 5-A AND 5-B
The land on which these two small houses stood had first belonged to Aert Teunissen,
from Putten, who was murdered at Pavonia by the Indians, in 1643. — N. Y. Col. Docs.,
I: 328-9. Ten years later, the vacant land was purchased at public auction by Jacob
['] The T.ahaHists may have mistaken the identity nf their host. See Block O, No. i. ,
THE CASTELLO PLAN 229
Steendam, New Amsterdam's earliest poet, who also speculated extensively, for his time,
in real estate.
Steendam sold the southerly lot to Harman Smeeman, May 8, 1657 {Mortgages, 1654-
i66o, trans, by O'Callaghan, 59), and Smeeman built the house here shown, and lived in
it until February 19, 1659, when he sold it to Dirck Siecken. — Min. of Orph. Court, I: 70.
This deed was not recorded until October 23, 1671. — Liber Deeds, B: 187; cf. Book of
Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 204-5.
The smaller house, to the north, was built by Leandert Aerden, the Boor, who pur-
chased the lot from Steendam, May 27, 1656. — Liber Deeds, A: 45. As the owner of a
bouwery on the East River, granted to him October 19, 1645 {Liber GG: 120, Albany),
Aerden had many disputes with Director-General Stuyvesant, his neighbour there, about
their roads and meadows. The farm finally became Stuyvesant's; but it still bears its
earliest owner's name, three maps of the "Leandert Farm" being filed in the New York
County Register's Office — numbers 80, 112, and 134.
No. 6
"Johannes Nevius's house and lot by the Land Gate," as it was described in the deed
to Hendrick Hendricksen, who owned it in 1660. — Liber Deeds, A: 130. It had been left as
the corner (of the present Wall Street) by the general survey of 1656. — Laws y Ord., N.
Neth., 219. Nevius demanded 400 or 500 guilders for the land taken; his garden having
been bounded by the wall. The city thereupon bought the entire plot, and regranted
the diminished house-lot to Christian Barentsen (see Key to Map of Dutch Grants), a
proceeding frequently followed during the next two centuries when the corporation opened
and widened streets. The deed from Hendricksen to Martin Hoffman, in November,
1664, has a diagram annexed to it, the earliest one noted in the records. This house was
the subject of acrimonious litigation after it was sold to the noted Capt. John Manning,
in 1668. — Rec. N. Am., VI: 190; VII: 18, 131, 132.
Johannes Nevius, of Solen or Zoelen, came to New Netherland about 165 1. He mar-
ried Ariaentje Bleijck, of Batavia, November 18, 1653. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 18.
He was schepen for the year 1655 {Rec. N. Am., I: 271; II: i); secretary to the city, suc-
ceeding Jacobus Kip, from January, 1658, until June 27, 1665 {ibid., VII: 160, 167; V: 265);
and ferry-master at Brooklyn from 1670 to 1672. — Exec. Coun. Min., ed. by V. H. Paltsits,
I: 131; cf. Rec. N. Am., V: 252; Eccles. Rec, I: 573.
No. 7
Jan Pietersen received a grant for the land on which this house stands, September 6,
1661, confirmed May 15, 1668. — Patents, III: 34 (Albany). Pietersen's name never
appears here afterward. Domine Drisius owned the property at the time of his death, and
subsequent conveyances from his heirs all recite that the confirmation of above date was
to Drisius. Possibly, Jan Pietersen acted as a dummy in the transaction. — Liber Deeds,
XII: 114, 118; XXIII: 57-9. The house belonged to Drisius. — Key to Map of Dutch
Grants.
No. 8
Another house belonging to Domine Drisius. — Idem.
No. 9
The house and brew-house of Pieter Wolphertsen van Couwenhoven {Liber Deeds,
B: 57; cf. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers, etc., 1665-1672, translated, 28-30),
which he sold to Reynier van der Coele. — Liber Deeds, B: 57,89. Van der Coele did not
230 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
succeed here as a brewer. He became indebted to Balthazar de Haert for "Still Kittels"
and molasses, both very necessary in his trade, in the large sum of 2664 guilders; he left
some of his clothing in pawn with his creditor, and sold two mares which he had at Bergen
in "New Garsie" (Jersey) to repay part of his debt; but finally failed completely, con-
fessed judgment to de Haert, and went to Esopus. These proceedings are all gravely
set forth in The Records of New Amsterdam, VI: 6, 11, 19, 74, 120, 121, 336. The brew-
house reverted to Van Couwenhoven, who sold it on December 13, 1670, to OlofF Stevensen
van Cortlandt, Johannes van Brugh, Cornelis van Borsum, and Hendrick vande Water. —
Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 185.
No. 10
"The Heere dwars straet is next to the Latin School, o [zero] house." — De Sille List of
1660. This simple statement is not only accurate but important; it proves the fact of the
erection of a building for the first Latin school, and establishes its location on the west side
of Broad Street, about twenty-five feet north of Exchange Place. The building of the
Commercial Cable Company now covers the site.
In May, 1658, the directors wrote to Stuyvesant:
Domine Drisius has repeatedly expressed to us his opinion, that he thought it advisable to
establish there a Latin school . . . we have no objection to this project . . . but you must
not fail to inform us, how such an institution can be managed to the best advantage of the com-
munity and kept up with the least expense to the Company. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 419.
Encouraged by the cordiality and liberality of this letter, the burgomasters and schepens,
after setting forth the growing need of such a seat of learning, "humbly request that your
Hon°''^ would be pleased to send us a suitable person for Master of a Latin School . . .,"
adding "On your Hon''^ sending us a Schoolmaster, we shall endeavour to have constructed
a suitable place or school." — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 15-6.
Acting upon this request, the Amsterdam Chamber passed a resolution, April 10,
1659, appointing Alexander Carolus Curtius Latin schoolmaster in New Netherland,
"whom we have engaged as such at a yearly salary of 500 fl. board money included; we
give him also a present of 100 fl. . . . — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 435-7. Curtius left
Holland April 25, 1659, in the"Bever," which sailed in company with the "Moesman."
The books required could not be provided in time to go in the same ship, but were to be
sent on the next opportunity. — Idem. He had begun to teach before July 4th of that
year, when the burgomasters informed him that the city would allow him 200 florins yearly,
and presented him with 50 florins over and above, "which he thankfully accepts; but
requests as he has but few scholars as yet, that his salary may be somewhat increased." —
Rec. N. Am.,Wll: 223, 224. Curtius, however, proved unacceptable to the city authori-
ties and to the parents of the children, and, early in 1662, he was succeeded by Domine
^gidius Luyck, who left Holland on February 20th. — A^. Y. Col. Docs., XII: 362.
The burgomasters had already petitioned, on February 2, 1662, for a grant of a lot in
the Brewers Street, opposite the lot of Johannes de Peyster, for a schoolhouse. — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 233. The building occupied by Curtius seems to have been demolished
prior to September 17, 1662, when Herrman sold all the block front on the north side of the
Heere Dwars Straet. — See No. i.
BLOCK C
Note: The length of this block, on the Highway, between the Bevers Gracht and the Heere
Dwars Straet, measures about 715 feet on the Castello Plan. The modern block length between
Beaver Street and Exchange Place is 655 feet, more or less. Allowing five feet, approximateh',
THE CASTELLO PLAN 231
for the widening of Beaver Street at Broadway, there still remains a discrepancy of about fifty-
five feet. Therefore, in identifying the houses, it became necessary to tie-up to some established
line. The north line of the grant to Andries Hudde was a little north of the north fence of the
churchyard, if extended across Broadway. Hudde's north line must, then, have been the well-
defined fence-line between houses Nos. ii and 12. This being assumed, the number of houses
north and south of this line agrees perfectly with the records. The house lots to the north of it
take up most of the surplus, and are too wide; notably Schuyler's lot on the corner, which measures
eighty-five feet, instead of about sixty-five, its proper width; whilst Hudde's own plot, which was
five rods — sixty-two feet, six inches wide, is shown very much narrower.
Inevitably, the houses on the Prince Gracht are not exactly in the rear of their true neighbours
on Broadway. The number of the houses, however, and their ascertained ownerships, tally exactly.
No. I
The lot at the north-east corner of Broadway and Beaver Street, on which now stands
the Produce Exchange Bank, with the adjoining lot to the east. No. i Beaver Street, covers
exactly the grant of September 14, 1645, to Thomas Sandersen, the "mad smith." Except
for the widening of Beaver Street, which cut off about five feet of its frontage on the old
ditch, the lot has not changed in two hundred and seventy years; and a glance at the mod-
ern tax map will show the same "projecting point" which is noted in the description of 1645.
In 1660, Jan Jansen, from Bresteede (Bredstedt, in Schleswig), owned the grant, on
which there were substantial buildings fronting both streets — presumably the cooperage
and the homestead. As early as 1658, and as late as 1672, the cooper was brand-master. —
Rec. N. Am., VII: 176; VI: 393. He ordered a stamp from Holland in 1655. The burgo-
masters calmly requisitioned it, as it was required "for the common use of the City," and
the "public cannot therefore be incommoded for individuals." — Ibid., II: 23.
On August 31, 1660, shortly after the original of the Castello Plan was drawn, Jan Jansen
sued his tenant, Christiaen Pieters, for forty-four florins, overdue rent. Pieters demurred —
said "he hired the house with the trees standing in the garden, and that one tree was taken
out the garden, from which he could have made three beavers." — Ibid., Ill: 196. The
tree must have been valuable for its wood, probably a fine black walnut, which the Records
mention more than once as a favourite material with the cabinet-makers.
John Johnson Brestede, as he was called in English days, still lived on this corner in
1677; his widow lived here in 1683, when the house was used as a monument point, in
running the line of the West Ward. — M. C. C, I: S3, 113; cf. Ratzen Map, PI. 42, Vol. i.
Nos. 2 AND 3
The property of Abraham Pietersen, the miller. Sergeant Martin Ael, in the Com-
pany's service, had an early grant of this land, and built the smaller house (No. 2). He died,
between November 29, 1644, and March 10, 1645, leaving his house to his friend, Martin
Cregier. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 31, 32.
Shortly afterward, Abraham Pietersen, the Company's miller, came into possession,
either by a conveyance from Cregier or under a new grant, and built the larger house
(No. 3), for a tavern. Here, in July, 1648, occurred a serious brawl, in the course of which
young Joannes Rodenburgh, a brother of Lucas Rodenburgh, vice-director of Cura9ao,
killed Gerrit Jansen Clomp. The youth confessed the murder, which was witnessed by
Johannes de la Montagne, Jr. and several other respectable burghers. He was arrested,
but released on bail, August 19, when notice was given to the public "by sound of the bell,
to bring in any further evidence against him within three court days." — Cal. Hist. MSS.,
Dutch, 119, 120, 121. There is a statement in the records that he was acquitted by court
martial, but Hendrick van Dyck, in his Defense, states: "God be praised, no criminal cases
232 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
occurred in my time deserving of corporeal punishment, except one prisoner who broke
jail, and Johannes Rodenburch, who was pardoned by the Director." — N. Y. Col. Docs.,
I: 505. From this, it may be inferred that he was sentenced to death, and then pardoned
by Stuyvesant, either because the circumstances showed justification, or because of the
influence of his eminent brother. Pietersen was the one on whom the punishment fell —
his tavern was closed, summarily, July 23, 1648; and he resumed his employment as the
Company's miller, August 27, 1648. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 119, 120. His houses were
taken over by the equipage master, Paulus Leendertsen vander Grift, but reconveyed to
Pietersen in October, 1653, by another oflficer of the Company, Adriaen Keyset, the vendue
master, for the director-general. — Liber HH: 54 (Albany).
Pietersen resumed his tavern-keeping. His son, Isaac, lived in the old house in 1677. —
M. C. C, I: S3- The premises were sold by another son, calling himself Peter Abrahamsen
van Duersen, in 1686. — Liber Deeds, XIII: 242. The houses stood on the site of Nos.
14-16 Broadway, now a part of the Welles Building.
No. 4
Gerrit, the miller (Gerrit Fullewever), bought this house from Jan Jansen Schepmoes,
the deed passing February 10, 1650. No doubt, he was in possession in July, 1647, the
date of a deposition which mentions his tavern. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 38. The house
was built before March, 1645, when Gerrit Douman leased it. — Ibid., 32. Its garden
stretched along the Great Highway more than one hundred feet. The house lots Nos. 6
and 7 were a part of it.
Fullewever was still living here in 1677. — M. C. C, I: 53. The date of his death has
not been ascertained. On August 22, 1683, his widow, Barentje Hendricks, married the
well-known Domine Gideon Schaats, who had lately moved to New Amsterdam from
Albany. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 53. She left the house to him by will dated October
27, 1688. He sold it, in 1692, to Sieur William Teller. — Liber Deeds, XXIII: 320.
Lots Nos. 4, 5, 6, and 7 formed the site of the Standard Oil Building, No. 26 Broadway.
No. 5
Jacob Eldertsen, "the Brewer's Man," bought a lot from Gerrit Fullewever, in Feb-
ruary, 1656, and built this house before April 14, 1657, when he sold it to Pieter Ebel, of
Gravesend. — Liber Deeds, A: 35, 89.
Eldertsen then went to Breuckelen. Later in the year, before the ist of December,
he became involved in a quarrel with Bruyn Barensen, a cooper, and struck him with a
sledge-hammer. Barensen lingered until the 12th of February, 1658, when he died at
Michiel Jansen's house. When Eldertsen was first arrested, he was released on bail, in
400 florins, which Jacobus Vis furnished; but, as the record says, "the longer it was with the
wounded, the worse," so he was again arrested. He broke jail on the 22d of January, but
was recaptured. The sentence of the court, set forth at length, seems a travesty of justice.
Although he could not prove "that he acted on the defensive; moreover, the breaking jail
perpetrated by him was a sign, that he was convinced in his mind of his guilt," yet he was
fined only 300 guilders for having inflicted the wound from which the man died, and 100
guilders for breaking jail; upon which he departed for the South River, April 26, 1658.
He returned, later, to New Amsterdam. — Rec. N. Am., II: 298, 301, 352; Mortgages, 1654-
1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 85-6; Min. of Orph. Court, I: 43.
Pieter Ebel, owner in 1660, was a soldier in the Company's service. He was in the colony
as early as February 28, 1646, when he was made provost-martial. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch,
107. In May, 1655, he was settled at Gravesend. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 320. When
THE CASTELLO PLAN 233
Fort Casimir was taken, in September, 1655, Lieut. Pieter Ebel commaRcled Nicasius de
Sille's company, fifty-five strong. — Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 383.
When he asked for the burgherright, April 11, 1657, on the ground that he had "been long
in the country, and performed many services for it," it was refused "until he comes to reside
here." — Rec. N. Am., VII: 156. Three days later, he recorded the deed of the house here,
to establish his burgherright. Sergeant Pieter Ebel accompanied Captain Martin Cregier
to the Esopus in 1663. Cregier often mentions him, in his "Journal of the Second
Esopus War." — Doc. Hist. N. Y., 8vo. ed., IV: 37. Claertje, or Clara, Ebel still owned the
property in 1671, when she mortgaged it for her daughter, Elsie Trotter. By 1686, as
Selyns's List avers, Clara Ebel, huis vrouw van Pieter Ebel, lived in the Poor House on
Broad Street. By 1680, the property was in possession of Mr. Abraham Corbett, clerk of
the court and the city, who kept the Royal Oak Tavern here until 1687, at least. — M. C.
C, I: 7S, 80; Liber Deeds, XIII: 161; ibid., XXVI: 377.
No. 6
Andries Hoppen, the ancestor of the well-known Hopper family of New York and New
Jersey, bought this house between October 15, 1653, and January 21, 1656. — Liber HH: 58
(Albany); Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 25. He died in December, 1658,
leaving a widow and five children. ['] — Min. of Orph. Court, I: 79, 138. On January 25,
1673, Geertie Hoppen and the trustees for her children conveyed their house to Siourt
Olphertsen, a mason. — Original Book of N. Y. Deeds, 1673-1675, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Col-
lections, 1913, pp. 5-6. In the N. Y. Geneal. i^ Biog. Rec, XXXIX, XL, and XLI, Mr.
Hopper Striker Mott has prepared an exhaustive list of the descendants of this settler. For
a short sketch of the family and an explanation of Mrs. Hoppen's temporary ownership of
Bronck's land, see Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 431, 432.
No. 7
At some date prior to January 20, 1659, this house, which occupied the most northerly
25 feet of the site of the Standard Oil Company's building, at No. 26 Broadway, was con-
veyed by Gysbert van Imbroeck to Ensign Dirck Smit. — Recitals in Liber Deeds, A: 222.
A soldier of the West India Company, Dirck Smit commanded the second company under
Stuyvesant, which captured Fort Casimir. On the landing of the troops, September 10, 1655,
he was despatched with a white flag to demand the surrender of the fort, which took place
the following day. The Dutch account of this exploit, told in a letter dated October 31,
1655, from Johannes Bogaert to Hans Bontemantel, schepen at Amsterdam and director
of the West India Company, is printed in Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., pp. 381-386.
In July of the following year, Smit was charged with selling arms to the Indians, and sen-
tenced to dismissal from the service and banishment. He was pardoned, however, and
restored to his position as ensign. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 171, 173, 176. He died in his
home in New Amsterdam, Monday, October 25, 1660, leaving his wife (born Anneken
Meijnderts), whom he married November 28, 1654, as appears in Marriages in Ref. Dutch
Ch., 19, and one child, who was born while Anneken was on a visit home. She brought over
a "sucking child" with her, on the "Brown Fish," in the summer of 1658. — Rec. N. Am.,
Ill: 235; Min. of Orph. Court, I: 186; Riker's MS. copy of the Acct. Books of the W. I.
Co., at Albany, in possession of the Title Guarantee & Trust Co.
After her husband's death, Anneken made arrangements to take her little daughter
['] Riker (Hist, of Harlem, 432) says that when the widow of Hopper married again, in 1660, there were four
children, and names the fourth "Matthew Adolphus," "Adolph" being the fifth child listed in the Minutes of the
Orphan-masters Court. The records of Baptisms in the Ref. Dutch Church (p. 48) give the date of birth of "Mattheus
Abbertus" as March 3, 1658. No record exists of the baptism of a fifth child.
234 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
back to Patria. She sailed on "De Trouw," in July, 1661. Having attended to some in-
terests of her own, in Holland, and having collected the back pay due from the Company
to her late husband, she returned to New Amsterdam, and married Abel Hardenbroeck, before
December, 1662. — Min. of Orph. Court, I: 225. The orphan-masters required her and her
new husband to hypothecate their properties in New Amsterdam as security for the girl's
inheritance of 1,700 guilders. — Ibid., I: 231. Abel Hardenbrooke sold the house to Geurt
Gerritz, July 3, 1675. — Original Book of N. Y. Deeds, 1673-1675, in N. Y. Hist. Soc.
Collections, 1913, p. S5-
No. 8
The lot and house of Jan Hendricksen van Gunst. On Monday, the 12th day of
February, 1652, Domine Megapolensis presented himself before Director Stuyvesant and
Councilors La Montagne and Brian Newton, to demand that an Anabaptist named Anna
Smits "should be restrained from using slanderous and calumniating expressions against
God's word and his servants."
The Director General and Council direct, that Anna Smits shall appear on the following Wednes-
day at the school of David Provoost, where the Nine Men usually meet, and that the Director and
Council together with the complainant and the consistory shall assemble there also, to hear what
the said Anna Smits has to say against the teachings of the complainant. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV:
156.
It must have been an interesting meeting. The little house which Govert Loockermans
had sold to David Provoost (deed delivered October 15, 1653, Liber HH: 52, Albany) had
been the scene of important conferences, no doubt, among the Nine Men, but on that Wed-
nesday morning, both the provincial and ecclesiastical authorities were there, to debate
questions of religious practice with a fanatical woman. Unfortunately, it will never be
known which side won. Provoost went to Breuckelen, where he was clerk of the Dutch
towns, 1654-5, ^'^'^ where he died in 1656. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 148, 172; Laws y
Ord., N. Neth., 160. His house on the Heere Straet was sold to Jan Hendricksen van Gunst,
a glazier, January, 1659. He retained it until April, 1681. — Liber Deeds, A: 222; Ibid.,
XII: 56.
Van Gunst, evidently, was an educated man. Letters of his preserved in the Van Rens-
selaer collection and printed in the Van Rensselaer Bowier Manuscripts (pp. 792-3) seem
to prove him a good business man as well, and anything but "silly," as he was pronounced
to be by the worshipful court on one occasion. — Rec. N. Am., IV: 138. Quarrelsome, he
may have been; yet he was not always the aggressor.
His home life did not run smoothly. His wife, Geertje Jans, was banished from the
town, in December, 1657, for inciting a young girl to commit theft, from which she profited.
The minutes are missing, so that the term of banishment is not known, but, early in
1658, Jan Hendricksen begged that she might return to his home — a petition which was
referred directly to Stuyvesant. The sentence was remitted, on her promise of amend-
ment.— Rec. N. Am., II: 299-301.
Some ten years later, an Englishwoman, one Elizabeth Stedwell, sued Van Gunst for
breach of promise. The case was settled out of court. — Ibid., VI: 203.
Van Gunst's house lot, and that of his neighbour to the north, Thomas Fransen, covered
the site of the Hudson Building, No. 32 Broadway.
No. 9
'1 homas Fransen, a public carman, purchased this house from Samuel Edsal, Sep-
tember 4, 1658. In October, 1661, he bought Claes Jansen de Ruyter's house, on Pearl
Street (Block J, No. 7). He then removed there.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 235
In May, 1656, Fransen married Elsie Jans, a widow, who, having had two former
husbands, brought him four step-children. He himself was a widower. By 1664, when
Elsie died, there were five children to be provided for, although his oldest step-daughter,
Hermje, was married to "Jeuriaen Janszen, Van Aurick." — Min. of Orph. Court, trans,
by O'Callaghan, 377-379; Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 23.
Without any delay, Fransen secured a license to marry Neeltje Urbanus, a girl of nine-
teen.— Ibid., 30. She was the daughter of Urbane Leursen, and, as a child, had been cap-
tured by the Indians, who murdered her stepfather, Tobias Teunissen, of Harlem (see
Block K, No. 7).
Neeltje's mother was living in Breuckelen, with her third husband, Thomas Verdon.
Probably, this was an inducement to Fransen to settle there. By 1667, he was living on
a farm on Long Island, and was still working hard to pay their maternal inheritance to
his three stepsons. — Min. of Orph. Court, trans, by O'Callaghan, 398—9.
The house on the Heere Straet was sold to John Damrill, March 19, 1667. — Liber
Deeds, B: 119; cf. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated),
83-4. Three years later, a dispute arose between them as to the dimensions of the lot;
a distinguished committee, composed of Captain Dudley Lovelace, Secretary Nicholas
Bayard, and Adolph Pieters, arbitrated the matter. — Rec. N. Am., VI: 254, 288. /
No. 10
When Samuel Edsal bought Govert Loockermans's lot, in 1657, there was a house upon
the north end of it. Edsal himself built the house on the south end, which he sold to
Thomas Fransen (No. 9).
Edsal lived in his house at the Strand (Block F, No. 13). This house on Broadway
was rented to Jan Fries, who still lived here in 1665, although it had been sold to Mr. John
Blacklets, Junior, an English trader, of Hartford, Conn., in September, 1663. — Liber Deeds,
B: 24; cf. Deeds tJ Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664, trans, by O'Callaghan, 332-3; Rec. N.
Am., V: 57, 221.
No. II
This house, which was almost in the center of the lot on which stands the building
now known as No. 42 Broadway, should be of peculiar interest in connection with the
Map of the Dutch Grants, for the earliest surveyor-general of the province, Andries Hudde,
built it, and lived there at intervals for a dozen years. As Hudde was in New Amsterdam
as early as 1629 {N. Y. Col. Docs., I: 81), there can be little doubt that, with the single
exception of Kryn Fredericksz., he was the first surveyor in the colony. As such, he,
doubtless, laid out the house plots for the citizens, and measured off the early bouweries
on Manhattan and on Long Island for the farmers.
Not until July 20, 1638, was a grant given to a settler by the West India Company.
This was of Hudde's own farm, originally Hendrick de Forest's, on the flats of Muscoota.
— Liber GG: 21 (Albany); description of Manatus Maps, No. 18. The first ground-brief
inside the walled city was for a lot at Nos. 82 to 86 Broad Street (see Block E, No. 15),
and bore the date November 20, 1642. — Liber GG: 56 (Albany). It was to Jan Pietersen
and Abraham Rycken.
Obviously, the town was laid out, its principal streets in existence, and many of its house
plots built upon, before the ordinance of June 24, 1638, which provided that patents should
be given to the freemen, on payment of a quit-rent of a couple of capons for each house
and lot. — Laws y Ord., N. Neth., 16.
236 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
To promote regularity, the Company determined that the ground-briefs should be
registered. Andries Hudde was accordingly commissioned surveyor, on June 26th, 1642,
"at a salary of two hundred guilders, or $80, per annum, with an additional fee of ten
shillings per diem, and two stivers per morgen of two acres, besides the payment of his
travelling expenses and ferriage." — O'Callaghan's Hist, of N. Neth., I: 259; Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 81.
Under this commission, Hudde prepared, from his notes, proper bills of survey, from
which the ground-briefs or patents were drawn, and registered with the secretary. The
accuracy of this work is attested by the Map of the Dutch Grants. The city was measured
out to inches and grains. The lines laid down in 1642 were found and measured again
after the great fire of 1835, by another skilful surveyor, Joseph F. Bridges. Upon the later
map, the grants of two hundred years earlier were reconstructed, the lines always agreeing.
Many of these early grants were not registered until succeeding years, but, in general, the
surveys of this period were, unquestionably, the work of one man.
Andries Hudde was councilor under Van Twiller, in 1633, and acted also as provincial
secretary. — Register of N. Neth., 12, 27.
In January, 1639, while on a visit to his native city, Amsterdam, he married Geertruyt
Bornstra, the widow of Hendrick de Forest. — Mrs. R. W. de Forest's A Walloon Family
in America, II: 357. Mr. and Mrs. Hudde returned to New Amsterdam in July, 1639,
only to find that their farm at Harlem had been sold at a vendue in the Fort, for 1,700
guilders, to satisfy a claim of Johannes de la Montagne. This was virtually a foreclosure,
which they could have averted had they been in the country. It was a bitter disappoint-
ment to Hudde, who had sent out labourers for his tobacco plantation, and had expected
to carry out De Forest's plans. For a detailed account of this transaction, seey^ Walloon
Family in America, and Riker's Hist, of Harlem, chapters VII, VIII, IX.
The surveyor-generalship offered a living. Hudde and his wife resided in this house on
the Highway until the latter part of 1644, when he was ordered to the South River to
take charge of the Company's interests. — O'Callaghan's Hist, of N. Neth., I: 371. Before
he left, he drew up for the Eight Men their complaint to the Amsterdam Chamber, October,
1644, and "subscribed it with his own hand." — N. Y. Col. Docs., I: 208.
Hudde spent the next ten years at the South River, filling various positions of trust,
but his heart was in the north, and, in September, 1645, he bought a farm on Long Island. —
Liber GG: 118 (Albany).
In 1648, he was back at Manhattan for a short time. During 1652, 1653 and 1654,
he seems to have lived in New Amsterdam. On the 3rd of December, 1654, he asked
permission to keep a school here, which was referred to the ministers and consistory of
the church. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 144. As this petition is coincident with David
Provoost's departure for Breuckelen, Hudde may have expected to take over his scholars.
But, like so many of his ventures, the school, if ever started, evidently proved a failure.
In December, 1655, he started again for the South River, mortgaging his land on Long
Island for expenses, and his house at the South River to secure a debt to Govert
Loockermans. — Schepen Register, in Hoi. Soc. Year Book, 1900, p. 159.
Hudde's spirit seems to have been broken by his failures. Vice-Director Alrichs
spoke slightingly of his attainments, both as a clerk and as a surveyor, in August, 1657,
when he hired him at the meagre salary of 30 guilders a month, with rations. — N. Y. Col.
Docs., II: 18.
In June, 1660, he asked "some appointment at the South river," and the clerkship of
Altona was given him. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 212. A letter from Willem Beeckman to
Director Stuyvesant, dated November 15, 1663, gives a pathetic picture of the sad ending of
THE CASTELLO PLAN 237
the life of a man of education and probity, who had served the Company for thirty-four
years with little profit to himself:
I have been obliged to discharge Mr. Andries Hudde on the last of October on his continued
solicitations and lamentations to go to Maryland. He went with his family to Apoquenamingh
on the first of November and died there of a violent fever on the 4'!* — A^. Y. Col. Docs., XII: 446.
Appoquinimy was in the present state of Delaware, so Hudde never reached his des-
tination in Maryland. — Ibid., I: 8 in.
On his last departure from New Amsterdam, in December, 1655, Hudde sold his house
to Aert Willemsen, who had been foreman on Van Twiller's bouwery, in 1640-41 {Fan
Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 490, 513), but was then a brewer. — Rec. N. Am., I: 374. The
deed was not recorded until April 19, 1667, when Isaac de Foreest, representing Hudde's
estate, delivered it to Weyntje Elbers, Willemsen's widow. — Liber Deeds, B: 127. The
brewer was in possession, however, by 1656. — Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan,
50. He was dead by December, 1659. — Rec. N. Am., HI: 83. His widow was confirmed
here in June, 1667. — Patents, \\: 46 (Albany).
No. 12
Isaac Grevenraet,['] of Amsterdam, bought the house of Hendrick Hendricksen, the
tailor, July 9, 1659; he sold it to Robert White, March, 1683. — Liber Deeds, A: 164; ibid.,
XXIII: 68.
The house was not Grevenraet's residence. He lived on Pearl Street (Block J, No. 3).
From May i, 1663, to May 12, 1664, the house was rented to Jan Jelizen Kock, for
225 guilders in seawant. As a guilder seawant was worth about 13!/^ cents, this was about
$29.99 PS'" annum. [2] It is to be noted that Kock paid the taxes, in addition. — Rec. N. Am.,
V: 221. When Grevenraet sued him for rent, Kock alleged that his landlord "has not
performed what he promised, to wit that he could make fire on two fireplaces, also to have
the windows glazed." Grevenraet said, "such was not agreed on." Arbitrators were
appointed to estimate the damage "found to have been suffered in consequence of the
glass not being inserted and [the house] not having two hearths." — Ihid., V: 81.
At the surrender, the English government commandeered the house as barracks for its
soldiers. In April, 1665, the owner "requests, that his house, where the soldiers are quar-
tered may be again placed at his disposal on the first of May, when the lease is expired." —
Ibid., V: 219.
Evidently, the lease was renewed, for, in February, 1666, Grevenraet deposes:
that he hired to the late Burgomasters of this City his house standing in the Broadway for
fl. 220 a year, commencing first of May last and whereas the soldiers have now left the same, demands
payment of the rent, and further as the house has been so improperly used, that the window glass,
hinges and all are most broken and ruined, requests that some persons may be authorized to estimate
the damage.
The court appointed the Worshipful Paulus Leendertsen van de Grift and two others
to estimate the damages, and ordered the first half-year's rent to be paid. — Ibid., V: 337-40.
This was the first barrack for English soldiers in New York, outside of the Fort. As
the Plan shows, it was one of the most commodious houses on the block. It stood on the
site of 46 Broadway, now part of the Standard Arcade.
['] Grevenraat, Grevenraedt, Greveraet, Graveraet, Greveratt, Greeveraeat.
[2] In giving the money equivalents of wampum, a regular scale has been followed, of one-third beaver value, —
a guilder, in beaver, being worth forty cents. No attempt has been made to follow the various fluctuations in
the value of wampum. See various entries in Laws y Ord., N. Neth.; Beauchamp's Wampum and Shell Articles;
Simon W. Rosendale's IVampum Currency.
238 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Isaac Grevenraet was schepen in 1657 and 1662, and was also a member of the last
city government under the Dutch. His term of office as schepen expired in February, 1665.
He was one of the "sorrowful and desolate subjects" who signed the letter of September 16,
1664, to the West India Company, which related in a few words the story of the capitulation
of New Netherland. — Rec. N. Am., V: 114-116; reprinted in Jameson's Nar. N. Neth.,
4SI-3-
Grevenraet remained in New York until March, 1671, when he removed to Kingston,
where he succeeded Willem Beeckman as schout. — Laws W Ord., N. Neth., 479. He mar-
ried, March 24, 1652, Lysbeth Jeuriaens; secondly, Marritje Jans, June 2, 1663. — Marriages
in ReJ. Dutch Ch., 16, 29.
Nos. 13 AND 14
Mathys Capito came to New Netherland as supercargo of the "Swol," the ship which
brought Stuyvesant, in May, 1647. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 40. He was an excellent
accountant and scribe; and many of his neighbours employed him to make up their books,
copy invoices, etc. He did much work of this character for the government, notably when
he assisted Carel van Brugge to investigate the accounts of Van Tienhoven, after the secre-
tary's disappearance, in 1657 {ibid., 181), and when he was sent to audit the books of the late
Jacob Alrichs, at the South River, in September 1660. — Ibid., 217. He purchased Cosyn
Gerritsen's ground-brief, in November, 1651 (deed recorded May 3, 1657), with one house
standing. The most northerly house, his own residence, he probably built. Unlike the
other houses in the block, it presented its broad side to the highway. It looks like a com-
fortable home, but Capito was unable to keep it. He was obliged to sell it May 8, 1660,
to Gabriel de Haas [Liber Deeds, A: 193), in "order to satisfy everyone." Out of the
first instalment, he "paid the oldest debts first," which he thought "reasonable and just." —
Rec. N. Am., II: 382. He had already parted with the southerly house, at public vendue,
to Pieter Rudolphus. — Recitals in Liber Deeds, A: 193. Capito then secured the position
of clerk or secretary to the village of Wildwyck, in the Esopus (now Kingston). The great
trouble of his life overtook him there. In a letter to Stuyvesant, dated June 29, 1663, he
describes it feelingly:
I, your Hon'''^ Worships' humble petitioner, have also been brought to ruin during these late
troubles in the village of Wiliwyck, caused by the savages, not having lost only my dear wife, who
was killed by the barbarians and then burned with the house, to which they set fire, but in the same
fire also all my movable effects, that nothing else is left to me, but my honest name. — N. Y. Col.
Docs., XIII: 267.
Captain Martin Cregier gives an account of the murder of Vrouw Capito,['] in his
Journal of the Second Esopus War. — Doc. Hist. N. Y., 8vo. ed., IV: 37.
Capito bravely continued his duties at Wildwyck. In December, Stuyvesant appointed
him successor to Schout Swartwout. Cregier said, "the commissaries congratulated him,
and were well-pleased with him." — Idem.
Gabriel de Haas, who bought Capito's home (No. 14), died before December 22, 1661.^ —
Min. of Orph. Court, trans, by O'Callaghan, 273.
The southerly house belonged to Pieter Rudolphus, in 1660. His residence, however,
was on the Prince Gracht (see No. 34 in this block).
The northerly 50 feet of the Standard Arcade, Nos. 48-50 Broadway, cover the site of
these houses.
(•] She was Elsje Pieters, of Hamburg. Capito was from Biitzow, in Mecklenburg. They were married August
7, 1650. — Marriages in Re}. Dutch Ch., 16.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 239
NOS. 15 AND 16
In the year of Our Lord 1636, the 25th of September, the boat called Rinsdaers fVijck sailed
in God's name from amsterdam to tessel, at about two o'clock in the afternoon. God preserve
Rinsetaers Wick!
Skipper "ijan tiepks Schellinger," or Jan Tiepkesz Schellinger, who opened his log-book
so devoutly, had, among his passengers, Cornells Thomassen, from Rotterdam, a smith,
and his wife, Anna, also Arent StefFeniersz., a hog-dealer, both under contract to Kiliaen
van Rensselaer. — Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 332, 355. The ship stopped at Ilfracombe,
on the Bristol Channel. On Monday evening, December 8, 1636, some of the passengers
"had gone on land to sit and drink in the tavern," where the smith's helper, Hans van
Sevenhuysen, quarrelled with his master, and killed him. [■] His widow finished her journey
to the New World, and, on the arrival of the ship at Manhattans, married Arent StefFeniersz.,
Sunday, March 22, 1637. — Ibid., 365, 375, 814.
Arent and his bride went to Rensselaerswyck, where they remained until 1644. In
October of that year, they bought the house and garden of Rutger Arentsen, from Seyl —
58 feet wide on the Highway, and about 225 feet deep. The southerly fence line was exactly
coincident with the south wall of the Exchange Court Building, No. 52 Broadway. Stef-
feniersen (who is called Arent Reyniersen in the deed to him in N. Y. Col. MSS., II:
130, Albany) built a second house on the plot. He was dead by October, 1653, when
his widow, Anna Thomassen, of Gravesend, sold the southerly house, through an inter-
mediary, to Jacob Steendam, the poet. — Liber HH: 47-8 (Albany).
Steendam sold it to Cornelis Janssen Cloppenborgh, who had lately come from Brazil,
and who kept a tavern here. — Rec. N. Am., I: 375. In an inventory of his estate, made in
1659, the house was valued at 900 florins. — Min. of Orph. Court, I: 89-91. His widow,
and her second husband, Claes Ganglofs Visscher, whom she married September 24, 1659
{Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 24), kept a boarding-house here at the time of the Plan, and
until the latter part of 1664, when they departed for Curasao. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 155,
236; V: 87, 151.
Geurt Courten bought the northerly house, August 18, 1654. — Liber Deeds, B: 35;
cf. Deeds & Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664, trans, by O'Callaghan, 356-9. In a part of this
house, Harmanus van Hoboocken kept his school, before his own house on the Prince Gracht
was built (Block L, No. 10). It will be remembered that he was denied the use of the
side room of the City Hall for a school, but was allowed 100 guilders a year toward the rent
of Geurt Courten's house. — Rec. N. Am., II: 219-20. Jacob Kip owned the house in
1660. — Liber Deeds, A: 103. The Rev. Francis Doughty, of Newtown, bought it from
Kip in 1664. — Ibid., B: 36; cf. Deeds l^ Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664, trans, by O'Cal-
laghan, 358-9.
No. 17
The house of Jacobus Vis, of Amsterdam, who bought it of Jan Gerritsen, the mason,
March, 1659 {Liber Deeds, A.: 151), and sold it to Cornelis GerlofFsen, in September, 1664. —
Ibid., B: SI.
Jacobus Vis, or Visch, came to this country as an agent for Evert Tesselaer, a mer-
chant of Amsterdam. Johannes Withart, in the same employ, either came with him or
joined him very shortly afterward. Vis was dismissed by his Dutch employers, in the
later part of 1654. — Rec. N. Am., I: 87, 245. He and Withart then became partners in
a general trading business. In 1658, they bought an interest in Pieter Wolphertsen van
[•] Burger Jorissen took the smith's position at Rensselaerswyck.
240 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Couwenhoven's brewery. This was not a successful venture. Until November, 1665, the
brewer vainly tried to get an accounting from his partners. — Ibid., II: 305; IV: 102, 124-5;
V: 130, 321.
Vis seems to have been a resourceful man, but not reliable. His partners were always
litigating with him, but they invariably rejoined him. However, the latter part of his career
was pitiable. He tried to live by the collection of trivial sums due him for beer, etc. He
probably returned to Holland — he often threatened to do so. The last mention of him
in New York is in August, 1668. — Ibid., VI: 142.
Site: Part of the Exchange Court Building.
NOS. 18 AND 18-A
Col. Philip Pietersen Schuyler, ancestor of the distinguished Schuyler family of Albany
and vicinity, bought the residue of Cornells Volckersen's grant in March, 1656. There
was at that time "one large new and one small decayed old house" upon the lot. — Liber
Deeds, A: 38-9. Both are faithfully shown on the Plan. The old house had been Volcker-
sen's: the new one was built shortly before April, 1655, by Jan Peeck. — Recitals in Liber
Deeds, A: 18. He had married Maria de Treux, Volckersen's widow, February 20, 1650. —
Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 15. When the Heere Dwars Straet was cut through to the
Highway by the survey of 1657, the new house was left upon the corner.
Schuyler's interests were all at Albany, where he had married, on December 22d, 1650,
Margareta, daughter of Brant Aertsen van Slichtenhorst, first director of the colony of
Rensselaerswyck. His children were all born there, and there he died, March 9, 1684. —
Pearson's First Settlers of Albany.
There is no evidence that he lived in this house. The Exchange Court Building now
covers the site of Nos. 14 to 18.
Nos. 19, 19-A, AND 19-B
The De Sille List, of 1660, mentions "The Bevers Gracht where Echbert Wouterse lives."
Egbert Woutersen, of Yselstein, bought Jan Snediger's grant before December,
1654. — Recitals in Liber HH (2): 28 (Albany). The deed was not recorded until April
26, 1667, when Gerrit Snedecker, as attorney for his father, delivered it to the purchaser. —
Liber Deeds, B: 130; cf. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated),
104-5. This settler was one of Michiel Pauw's tenants at Pavonia. As early as 1640,
he was established at Jan de Lacher's Hook (Manatus Maps, No. 30). In June of that
year, he was allotted, as his share of the domestic animals imported by the Company, three
milch cows and three mares. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 13.
On May 10, 1647, Woutersen secured a patent for land at Jan Evertsen's Kill (N. Y.
Col. Docs., XIII: 22), which he sold to Dirck Claasen. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 93. He then
hired Wouter van Twiller's plantation at Sapokanican (Manatus Maps, No. 10) from
Jeremias van Rensselaer, cousin of the late director-general. His lease seems to have
expired about 1665. — Rec. N. Am., V: 230.
Evidently, he lived in the town a good part of the time, for the magistrates continually
enlisted his services as referee and adviser. The Bever's Gracht was within pleasant
riding distance of his bouwerie at our present Greenwich Village. The westerly part of
his property, "w'f' an old tennement thereuppon," Mr. Woutersen sold to Jacob Abramse
(van Santvoord), May 24, 1673. — Original Book of N. Y. Deeds, 1673-1675, in N. Y. Hist.
Soc. Collections, 1913, p. 13. He was still residing in his own home here in 1677. — M. C. C,
I: 61.
Site: Nos. 3 and 5 Beaver Street and the north-west corner of New Street.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 241
No. 20
Willem Bredenbent, from Ceulen, was deputy-schout of New Amsterdam in July,
1638, an office he still held in October, 1641. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 2, 77. On Sep-
tember 4, 1644, he married Aeltje Braconie, widow of Cornelis Lambertsen, from Doom. — •
Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 13. He was one of the patentees of Gravesend {Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 138), and a magistrate of Breuckelen in 1654. — Laws y Ord., N. Neth., 160.
Bredenbent was a far-seeing, cautious, man. In 1659, he rented his house on the Bever's
Gracht to Juriaen Jansen, under certain conditions, which Bredenbent alleged were not
fulfilled by Jansen. Accordingly, on September 23, 1659, Bredenbent took the matter
to court.
William Bredenbent, pitf. v/s Jurrian Jansen, deft. Pltf. demands, that deft, shall enter bail
for every quarter's rent, and says he let him the house on condition, if any war occurred, he may
move in to dwell there, and that he, the deft, has taken in another. Deft, says he hired the house
for a year; denies, that it was conditioned that the pltf. could move in therein in case of War; saying
further he has taken in another on profit. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 54-5.
Harmen Wessels sued him, in June, 1660, for medical attention to his wife, alleging
that Bredenbent would pay him only six guilders in seawant (about 80 cents). Bredenbent
said: "it is enough, as he can hire him for a whole year for twelve guilders." The court
referred the matter to Mr. Hans Kierstede and Mr. Jacob Varrevanger, to examine the
account. — Ibid., Ill: 181.
No. 21
Paulus van der Beeck was in New Amsterdam as early as 1644. From an entry dated
September 13, of that year, it appears that he came out in the employ of the West India Com-
pany.— Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 29. In 1645, he was living at Gowanus. — Ibid., 31, 93.
Indeed, he always had a home on Long Island, although his business kept him much in
New Amsterdam.
He was the first burgher to farm the excise in the city, pursuant to the ordinance of
November 29, 1655. The subsequent ordinance, of April 27, 1656, announces that the
farmer, Poulus van der Beecq, or his collector, will "attend in the Weighing-house of this
City from 7 to 1 1 o'clock in the forenoon and from 2 to 6 o'clock in the afternoon from the
15 April to the 15 of October, and from 8 to 11 o'clock in the forenoon and from 2 to 5
o'clock in the afternoon from the 15 October to the 15 April, . . ." — Laws W Ord.,
N. Neth., 202, 221.
Van der Beeck had no intention of devoting so much time to the business. On November
20, 1656, he requested that certain hours be fixed for the issuance of licenses. The request
was granted by the court, which decided that Van der Beeck, "or his collector," should
"sit each morning from 8 to 11 o'Clock, and in the afternoon from 1 104 o'Clock, at a certain
place, which he [van der Beeck] says will be the office of Isaack d'Foreest." — Rec. N. Am.,
II: 228.
The comfortable office of the Red Lion Brewery was, no doubt, preferable to the weigh-
house on the water-front, especially in winter. There is every indication in the records
that Mr. Paulus, as he was usually called, conducted all of his affairs in life in an arbitrary
fashion. Even as early as 1645, when he quarrelled with Catalyna Trico, Joris Rapelye's
wife, he calmly said in court that "he knows nothing of the plaintiff but what is virtuous
and good, and, as he struck her, will pay her 2}4 guilders." — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 93.
In February, 1663, while he was ferry-master, he was given notice that "complaints have
been made against him for neglect of his duty, and warning him to conduct himself more
satisfactorily." — Ibid., 244.
242 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Van der Beeck farmed the excise until November, 1661. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 69, 302,
397. He also farmed the cattle excise, 1661-2. — Ibid., Ill: 377. He married, October 9,
1644, Maria Thomas, or Marritje Tomas, widow of Jacob Verdon, and also widow of Willem
Ariensen Bennet. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 13. Twenty years later, her two families
of children quarrelled with their mother and stepfather about their respective fathers'
estates. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 245, 246; Register of Walewyn van der Veen, trans, by
O'Callaghan, 48-9; cf. Min. Orph. Court, II: 33.
Site: No. 19 and part of No. 21 Beaver Street.
No. 22
The Deaconry of New Amsterdam (the Deacons of the Reformed Dutch Church)
bought the lot from Paulus van der Beeck, March 22, 1653, and on it they built this house. —
Liber HH: 24 (Albany). The records have been carefully searched, but nothing has been
found to tell just what use they put it to. Most probably, it was the first poorhouse. By
1700, the building on Broad Street (No. 37), the second poorhouse, had been in use for some
time as an almshouse, and was about to be superseded.
Site: Part of Nos. 21 and 23 Beaver Street.
Nos. 23 AND 23-A
Thomas Wandel, of Mespat Kill, acquired these houses by his marriage to the widow
of Willem Harck, or Herrick, some time prior to January, 1660. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 117.
Harck bought them from Nicolaes Langevelthuysen, late corporal of the Company, in
1658. — Liber Deeds, A: 126. Jacob Leunissen bought them from Wandel, in 1663 and
1665, respectively. — Ibid., B: 14, 72; cf. Deeds y Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664, trans,
by O'Callaghan, 314-5; Mortgages, 1664-1675, pp. 51-2.
One of these houses was owned or occupied by Philippe du Trieux, at some period.
Probably, he was the first settler, and built the house. Mrs. Robert W. de Forest says:
"At the time of his daughter's marriage he was, however, living in a house which he had
built on 'Bever Graft' (Beaver Street)." — A Walloon Family in America, I: iii.
Du Trieux's daughter, Sara, married Isaac de Forest, June 9, 1641. — Marriages in
Ref. Dutch Ch., 10. Du Trieux had land in the Smith's Valley patented to him in 1640. —
Liber GG: 34 (Albany). When he removed there, this property was granted to Roelof
Jansen de Haes, July 6, 1643. — Ibid., 75. The legend of Du Trieux's occupancy survived
in Briel's grant of 1651 (recited in Patents, II: 16, Albany) and in Paulus van der Beeck's
deed to the Deaconry, on the west side, March 22, 1653 {Liber HH: 24, Albany), when he
is mentioned as Philip de Truyn, deceased. It seems probable that Du Trieux was killed
by the Indians, from a statement made in court, by Isaac de Forest, September 8, 1653.
He acknowledged a debt, on behalf of the estate, "but says, in the name of Philip d'Truy's
widow that her son Philip (who was also murdered) had earned fl. 100 monthly wages of
Pieter Cornelisen, dec'', which are still due him." — Rec. N. Am., I: 115.
Site: No. 25 and part of No. 27 Beaver Street.
No. 24
Toussaint Briel, a French Huguenot, and his wife, Maria Coutaine, lived in this little
house for twenty years. He died in the summer of 1671. — Rec. N. Am., VI: 320. She
survived him but a year, leaving the cottage by will to Lidia Mintern, wife of Itlene Guyon.
The deacons of the Dutch Church administered her estate. — Liber Deeds, B: 189; cf.
Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 208-9.
For many years, Toussaint Briel worked as a warehouse porter. His oath bound him
THE CASTELLO PLAN
243
"to repair at six o'clock in the morning at the City Scales and there or in that neighbour-
hood remain until twelve o'clock at noon, to return at One o'clock and then to continue
further to the going down of the sun." — Rec. N. Am., V: 256. Many and varied were his
duties, as set forth in the Records; that he faithfully performed them is attested by the
fact that he died in office. His gentle character is shown by his statement on the witness-
stand, in the suit that Adrian Vincent brought against Marcus de Sousoy, for slander, in
1659. De Sousoy and his wife had accused Vincent of having "another wife with four
children." The court asked Briel if the fact was known to him. He answered, simply,
"that he being for four and twenty years at Amsterdam has heard it so stated." — Ibid.,
HI: 70. Until February, 1660, Briel owned the vacant land shown east of his house, on
the Plan. He sold it, at that time, to Dirck Jansen, from Oldenburgh. — Liber Deeds, A:
189. There were Briels among the early members of the French Church, no doubt descend-
ants of this settler. — List of Names in An Historical Sketch of the Eglise Francoise a la
Nouvelle York, by Rev. Alfred V. Wittmeyer.
Site: No. 29 Beaver Street, and the western part of the Morris Building.
No. 25
In June, 1656, Thomas Fredericksen bought the long, narrow, grant that had been
Surgeon Pieter van Linden's. Of an average width of 35 feet, it was about 200 feet in length,
stretching along the Prince Gracht as far as the fence line between houses 31 and 32 — on
our modern street, as far as No. 52 Broad Street.
It was an excellent investment. Fredericksen was able to sell front lots to all the
owners of the interior grants. The house at the corner of the Bever's Gracht was his home.
By September, 1659, he had acquired sufficient means to resign his position as overseer of
the weigh-house labourers, which position he had held for about three years; the magistrates
of the city, in accepting the resignation, thanked him for his services, and he thanked them
for their favour. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 43.
Fredericksen and his wife were settled at Bergen by the fall of 1661, according to an
entry in the Register of Solomon Lachaire, trans, by O'Callaghan, 180-1. He took the
oath of allegiance there, November 22, 1665. — N. J. Archives, ist series, I: 49.
His house was purchased by Cornelis Barentsen vander Kuyl, February 12, 1664 {Liber
Deeds, B: 31; cf. Deeds y Conveyances, etc., 1659-1664, trans, by O'Callaghan, 346-7),
who was assessed here in 1677. — M. C. C, I: 59.
The Morris Building includes Nos. 25, 26, and 27. It is now the north-west corner
of Broad and Beaver Streets.
No. 26
Boele Roeloffsen, a tailor, bought the front part of this lot from Thomas Fredericksen,
and the rear part from Dirck Jansen, from Oldenburgh, who had purchased the easterly
half of Toussaint Briel's grant. He was obliged to sue Jansen, before he could get
his rightful "third part" of the lot, which he and Abraham Lubbersen and Jansen
had contracted for, but which the latter took in his own name. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 183;
Liber Deeds, A: 189. However, he recorded his deed from both parties, July 10, 1660,
his house being already finished. — Ibid., A: 227. Roeloffsen was one of the deacons of
the city in 1665. The tax-list for 1677 shows that he was still living here then. — M. C. C,
I: 59. In 1683, he was assessor of the North Ward. — Ibid., 115.
No. 27
Dirck Jansen, from Oldenburgh, skipper of the "Hope," bought this lot and house from
244 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Abraham Lubbersen in July, 1659, merely as a speculation. He sold it, April 16, 1661,
to Tomas Jansen Mingael. — Liber Deeds, A: 168, 203.
The skipper was adventurous and litigious. On one of his voyages from Curasao, he
brought a negro woman for Cornelis Pluvier. Payment not forthcoming promptly, he sued
Pluvier, and recovered judgment for "150 pieces of eight." — Cal. Hist. MSS., Z)m<c^, 229, 333.
In November, 1662, he gave Deliverance Lamberton a bill of sale for the "Hope," —
then sued him for 2,000 guilders. Lamberton declared that the deed was merely a con-
tract, made pro forma, so that the bark should be in his name, and therefore not liable to
seizure, or "to be made a prize of." Dirck Jansen insisted that Lamberton had guaran-
teed the bark from seizure, which the Englishman did not positively deny, but he said
that Jansen had "informed several in the Virginias, that the bark and goods
belonged to him," therefore that he (Lamberton) could not have prevented the seizure.
This tale of piracy — the nations were not at war — is told in a few dry words in the Rec-
ords of New Amsterdavi (IV: 270, 278, 279, 282, 283). The outcome is not entirely clear.
The Virginia court was, naturally, pro-English. It seems probable that the skipper's
boastful loquacity lost him the "Hope." — Ibid., 323, 328.
The records prove that Abraham Lubbersen's lot, next north, was still unbuilt upon in
1660, as the Plan shows. — Liber Deeds, B: 32.
Nos. 28, 29, 30, AND 31
Coenraet Ten Eyck, tanner and master shoemaker, built these four houses. His tan
pits and the tannery sheds in the rear are not pictured, although they are mentioned in
the real estate records as early as March, 1658, and as late as April, 1665. — Liber Deeds,
A: 126-7; Patents, II: 43 (Albany). The northerly house (No. 31) and the lot between
Nos. 30 and 31 were sold to Daniel Tourneur, May 31, 1660. — Liber Deeds, A: 219. There-
fore, Nos. 28 to 30 were owned by Ten Eyck, and No. 31 by Tourneur, at the time of
the Plan. Coenraet Ten Eyck retained his lots until 1683. — Liber Deeds, XIII: 21, 60.
At the time of his death. Ten Eyck lived in the large house on the north-east corner
of Coenties Slip and Pearl Street, shown on the Burgis View of 1716-18 (Plate 25). His
will, dated November 5, 1688, was made when he was "sickly abed." He died "soon
after the making of the will." This instrument is not of record in New York County,
but is in the possession of Mr. Ten Eyck's descendants.
Daniel Tourneur was closely identified with the settlement and development of the
village of Harlem, of which he was one of the original patentees. His career there is fully
and interestingly set forth in Riker's History of Harlem.
He was confirmed in his house here in November, 1667. — Patents, II: 137 (Albany).
Tourneur built a small house on his vacant lot, south of No. 31, which he sold to Cornelis
Barensen van der Kuyl (Cornelis the lime-measurer) in April, 1663. — Liber Deeds, B: 10;
cf. Deeds y Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664, trans, by O'Callaghan, 306-7.
Site: Nos. 54 to 60 Broad Street.
No. 32
The modest cottage of Jacob Mensen, from Emden, a tailor, stood somewhat back from
the street, between the houses of Daniel Tourneur and Jan Cornelissen, from Vlensburgh.
Now the site of No. 52 Broad Street.
Mensen had served the Company in Brazil, rising to the rank of corporal. He was
in New Amsterdam as early as 1657, for he acquired the burgherright that year. — Rec.
N. Jvu, VII: 151. In 1662, when Reynert Reynoutsen went to Holland, Mensen con-
THE CASTELLO PLAN 245
ferred upon him power of attorney to collect his arrears of salary from the directors at
Amsterdam. — Register of Solomon Lachaire, trans, by O'Callaghan, 360-3.
He bought the property in March, 1659; was taxed here in 1665; and confirmed in
possession of "his house in the Sheep's Path, west of the Prince's Graft," in 1668. He
still paid taxes here in 1677, but in 1686, his widow, Elizabeth Jacobs, lived in the " Diaconies
Huys" — the poorhouse — in Broad Street. — Liber Deeds, A: 153; Rec. N. Am., V: 224;
Patents, HI: 22 (Albany); M. C. C, I: 59; Selyns's List, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections,
1841, p. 396.
Before 1663, Thomas Verdon built on a narrow lot between Jacob Mens and Jan Cor-
nelissen. The Plan confirms the records. The lot had not been built upon in 1660.
No. 33
Jan Cornelissen, from Vlensburgh, built this house. On July 15, 1661, he appeared before
the magistrates, and requested that, "as he is to sail for the Fatherland, his places as porter
of the Weighhouse and in the Rattlewatch may be kept vacant until his return. The Burgo-
masters promise, that the place of porter shall be kept vacant, provided he returns by the
first ship ready to sail." — Min. of Orph. Court, H: 96. The same day, he deeded this house
to Willem Jansen van Borckelo, who, having had an option on it, had already found a pur-
chaser in Annetje Dircks, widow of Ensign Dirck Smit. Notary Pelgrum Clock drew the
contract. May 24, 1661; the price agreed upon was 640 guilders — about $256. — Liber Deeds,
A: 154, 233, 234. The deed was recorded on the i8th of July. Three days later, for non-
payment of the purchase price. Van Borckelo brought suit against Annetje Dircks, who
requested "an annulment of the sale, inasmuch as it [the house] was not arranged or divided
into four parts when the sale occurred." The "Burgomasters and Schepens having heard
parties decree and adjudge, that the sale of the house and lot in question shall stand." How-
ever, they sharply rebuked Pelgrum Clock, because the bill of sale contained many irregu-
larities. After reciting the circumstances in the case, they continued:
whereas further many mistakes have often occurred in other papers, drawn up by you, which
may lead to great mischief, . . . you are hereby ordered and charged . . . not to draw
up during six weeks from date, any instruments appertaining to the Subaltern Court of this City. —
Rec. N.Am., Ill: 348-9.
Annetje and her second husband, Abel Hardenbrook, lived here for many years. In
1 707, Nathaniel Marston and Margaret, his wife, David Jamison, and Elizabeth his daughter,
and "Bernardus Hardenbroock," all heirs of Abel Hardenbrook, sold the property to Isaac
K\^.— Liber Deeds, XXVI: 240.
Site: No. 48 Broad Street.
No. 34
The low, wide, house, with a wing, shown on this lot, was built by Pieter Rudolphus (de
Vries), on his grant of 1656. It covered the entire frontage on the street, about 30 feet.
The garden fences diverged widely, owing to the peculiar shape of the grant.
Rudolphus, then a widower, lived on the Winckel Straet in September, 1659 (Block F,
No. 2). His marriage to Margaret Hardenbrook took place shortly after October 10, 1659. —
Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 24. Very probably, this house was built about that time.
Their little daughter was born here, July 6, 1660. She was christened Maria, October 3,
1660. — Baptisms in Ref. Dutch Ch., 58. Her father died between May 17 and June 18,
1661, as is evidenced by court records of these dates. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 304, 319.
Pieter Rudolphus, a merchant trader, seems to have been a man of substance. He is
not found in New Amsterdam very early, and was not one of that group of representative
246 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
citizens who gathered to advise with the magistrates about the city defenses and the city
finances in 1653.
The first mention of him occurs in December, 1654, when a suit was brought against
him by Jacob Jansen Huys, for payment of freight charges on goods shipped on the "Pear-
tree." Rudolphus refused payment until a proper deduction was made for damage to his
goods in transit. — Rec. N. Am., I: 274. Huys, through Allard Anthony, was still trying
to collect freight dues in April, 1655. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 147. In January, 1658,
Rudolphus was elected schepen, but was not re-elected when he stood for the office in 1661.
— Rec. N. Am., II: 320; III: 260.
On October 28, 1662, banns were published between Margaret Hardenbrook and Fred-
erick Philipse. On December 18, 1662, before their marriage, Philipse signified his intention
to adopt Margaret's little daughter, which the orphan-masters sanctioned. — Min. of Orph.
Court, I: 227. She was renamed Eva, and married Jacobus van Cortlandt, May 31, 1691,
as Eva Philipse.
Frederick Philipse was confirmed here by Nicolls, April 10, 1667. — Patents, II : 6 (Albany).
Site: No. 46 and part of No. 44 Broad Street.
NOS. 35 AND 36
These two houses belonged to Jacobus Kip, and the vacant lot between them to his
brother, Isaac Kip. — Liber HH (2): 56, 57, 127 (Albany). Jacob Kip lived in one of the
houses, probably the larger one (No. 36), in the rear of which the well appears.
Isaac and Jacob Kip came to New Amsterdam with their father, Hendrick Hendricksen
Kip, prior to 1643. — Purple's Contributions to the History of the Kip Family of New York
and New Jersey.
Jacobus Kip was the first clerk of the City of New Amsterdam. He was appointed
January 27, 1653. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 130. The following year, January 12, 1654,
the burgomasters appointed him receiver and book-keeper of the revenues of the city, which
position carried with it an additional salary of 200 guilders. — Rec. N. Am., I: 150. In June,
1657, he resigned his secretaryship, but was ordered to continue in office until he had
"finished transcribing the records thereof." — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 187.
He married Maria, daughter of Johannes de la Montagne, February 14, 1654. — Mar-
riages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 18.
Kip was schepen of New Amsterdam in 1659, 1663, and 1665, and again in 1673 and
1674, while the city, as New Orange, was again under Dutch rule. — Rec. N. Am., Ill:
43; IV: 197; V: 185; VI: 397; VH: 113.
Part of this property remained in Jacob Kip's heirs until 1794. — Liber Deeds, LVI: 287.
He had acquired Isaac Kip's lot before 1667. — Patents, II: 100 (Albany).
Site: Nos. 36, 38, 40 and 42 Broad Street.
The Johnson Building includes about twenty feet of this plot; No. 36 Broad Street stood
in its south-eastern corner.
No. 37
Diaconies Huys — the Deacons House for the Poor — mentioned in Domine Selyns's
List, of 1686 (N. Y. Hist. Sec. Collections, .1841), when eight of his parishioners lived there.
Just when it was first used as a poorhouse does not appear from the records. It was built
prior to March 13, 1659, for the deed to Jacobus Vis of his house (No. 17) mentions it. —
Liber Deeds, A: 151. It, no doubt, replaced the small house on the Bever's Graft (No. 22),
and was itself superseded by a house built on the south side of Wall Street, in the rear of the
church (No. 37 Wall Street).
THE CASTELLO PLAN 247
Under date of Friday, February 21, 1700— i, the Consistory of the Dutch Church met.[']
After prayer, it was stated by the Church Masters that the ground of . . . with its build-
ings, was for sale, and that it would be very useful to our church, to the point for enlarging the
churchyard, and the rest for a site for an alms-house. Although this was approved by the members
present, it was
Resolved, That the advice of the former Elders and Deacons should be asked, since, in order
to make the payment, the present alms-house must be sold; and that was a matter requiring con-
sideration.
Hereupon there was . . . — Lib. B. 27.
Action of Great Consistory on New Poor House.
The following Monday, Feb. 24, 1700-1 (1701), a meeting of Ministers, Elders, Deacons, Church
Masters, and the former Elders and Deacons, was held.
The foregoing statement was repeated and maturely considered, and the advice of the former
Elders and Deacons, who were present, taken thereon. As they agreed with the acting Consistory,
it was concluded and determined by those present, viz., that the building and ground of the said . . .
should be bought, if it could be had for a reasonable price; and also that the present alms-house
and its grounds should be sold to pay for the other. . . . — Lib. B. 27.
Purchase of Ground for New Poor House.
Wednesday, Feb. 26, 1700-1. (1701).
I. The committee made report of what they had done with Jan Pieterze Meet (alias Jan
Tawbour); namely, that they had bought his house and ground, according to his deed, with the lease,
which he, Jan Pieterze Meet had made to the man who now dwells there, with full power to give
possession; and that the price was one hundred and forty pounds. New York money; the whole
sum to be paid in five years, with the yearly interest of twelve pounds, to begin on the first of May,
1 701; or the entire amount may be paid at once, with deduction of the interest.
N. B. The lot lies bordering on the Wall, to the east of the house of Jacoby de Draaier; to
the west of that of Jan Otto van Tuil, and to the north of the ground of the church. — Eccles. Rec,
ni: 1460-1.
Jan. 7, 1703.
Whereas it was Resolved by the Ruling Elders and Deacons on March 17, 1701; that the so-called
Poor house and Ground in "Schape Wytye" [Sheep Pasture], between Jesse Kip and Adrian ver
Plank, should be sold by the Deacons to the highest bidder; and the same was sold by them to
Franz van Dyk; therefore . . . Resolved, That the Deacons should make out a deed in proper
form, and that the Elders and Deacons and their successors, all qualitate qua, agree to free the pur-
chaser from any subsequent claims, for all time.
Thus done on Thursday, Jan. 7, 1703. — Ibid., HI: 1514.
[September, 1709?] In Consistory: The Poor House, in the Schape Wytye, which was sold to
Isaac Kip, was deeded to him. — Lib. B. 41. — Ibid., Ill: 1802.
BLOCK D
No. I
In 1660, and until 1880, the Markvelt Steegh began at the Market Field, as it naturally
would.[^] The corner house was built by Frederick Arentsen, a turner, from Swartensluys,
who came to New Amsterdam in 1654, under contract for three years to Lourens Andriessen,
from Boskerk, a master turner. A year before his term expired, on "Sunday Morning,"
July 23, 1656, he ran away, "without either words or reason," and married Grietje Pieters,
of Breda. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 20. His master sued to recover his services, but to
no purpose. — Rec. N. Am., II: 144, 148. Having bought his lot from Teunis Tomassen,
the mason {Liber Deeds, A: 148), who agreed to take part of the price in chairs, he insisted
on having it "deliver^ to him at thirteen inches to the foot," which Tomassen and his wife,
['] The following quotations are from Eccles. Rec; the liber references are to books of church records.
[2] Marketfield St., between Whitehall and New Sts., was sold to the New York Produce Exchange by the
City of New York, under authority of Chap. 159, Laws of 1880.
248 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Beletje Jacobs, disputed. — Rec. N. Am., II: 327, 331; III: 3, 12. He hired Christian
Barensen to build his house; then sued him, in April, 1658, because it was not finished.
Barensen answered that no time had been specified, and that he could get no money; finally,
that he had turned the contract over to Jacob Leunissen {ibid., VII: 183-5), who finished
it by September, 1658. — Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 100.
Before the grading and fencing were finished, Arentsen quarreled with his neighbour on
the south, Gerrit Hendricksen, attacking him so fiercely with a broom-stick that he broke
his own windows in his rage, as all the neighbours testified. — Rec. N. Am., II: 395-6. In
1670, he tore down the south fence again, in a dispute with WarnaerWessels, and was fined
20 guilders and costs. Surveyor Cortelyou was then called in to make a survey in the pres-
ence of the mayor, which was to be absolute. — Ibid., VI: 234.
Arentsen was an expert cabinet-maker. Both he and his wife appear to have been ex-
tremely contentious. He prospered, however. In 1677, "Mf fFredrick Arients" was
taxed here on a high valuation. — M. C. C, I: 53. Riker says {Hist, of Harlem, 143) that
this settler was Frederick Arents Bloem, ancestor of the Bloom family of New York.
NOS. 2 AND 2-A
Two houses of Gerrit Hendricksen, from Harderwyck, who was paghter (farmer) of the
excise on cattle during 1657-8 {Rec. N. Am., II: 395; III: 21), and of the liquor excise in
1660. — Ibid., Ill: 59, 189; IV: 47. The Marketfield lot, sold at public auction January
1658, was conveyed to Hendricks by a deed which stipulated thirteen inches to the foot. —
Liber Deeds, A: 129. His neighbour, Arentsen, claimed the same generous measurement.
Their differences on this question are most amusingly set forth in the Records of New Am-
sterdam, II: 395-6. When Gerrit secured a license to marry his second wife, Lysbeth
Cornelis, October 2, 1659 {Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 24), the orphan-masters required
that he should hypothecate his house, to secure to his children the legacy which their mother,
Ytji Jans, had left them. Otto, thirteen years old, and Lysbeth, six, were each to receive 200
guilders, at their majority; little Jan, nine years of age, was to have 250 guilders, "because
of his infirmities" {gebreecklickheit). — Min. of Or ph. Court, trans, by O'Callaghan, 165-6.
Between May and October, 1663, Gerrit Hendricksen died. His "last widow" re-
nounced every claim to his estate, "except a few clothes appertaining to her body, so that
no obstacle may remain whereby her good intention to solemnize her approaching marriage
may be superceded." — Rec. N. Am., V: 150, 155. Her next husband, to whom she was mar-
ried October 19, 1664, was Geurt Gerritszen, from Zutphen. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 30.
Gerrit Hendricksen, from Harderwyck, is not to be confounded with Gerrit Hendricks,
"de blauw boer" (mentioned Liber Deeds, A: 279), or with Gerrit Hendricks, the butcher
(Block H, No. 2; Block Q, No. 22).
No. 3
"Where Teunis Quick lives," is the entry in the De Sille List, of 1660. Teunis Tomassen,
a mason, from Naerden, Province of North Holland, is often referred to in early records as
Teunis Quick — a surname held by his descendants at the present time. — Rec. N. Am., II:
428, et. seq.
Teunis Tomassen, from Naerden, was in New Amsterdam as early as 1640 {CaL Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 14), and was established on this site by 1645. — Liber GG: 107 (Albany).
By February, 1659, he had built his "new" house (so called in Mortgages, 1654-1660,
trans, by O'Callaghan, 123-4), ^^^ seems to have torn down his first home, of which the
Plan shows no trace. His new house really stood on the lot next south, just behind
Frederick Philipse's, which is vacant on the Plan. The artist, in this instance, the only
THE CASTELLO PLAN 249
one noted, evidently sacrificed truth to the balance of his picture. There were really two
lots between Teunis Quick and Gerrit Hendricksen (No. 2), which, in 1660, belonged to
Jan Jansen de Jongh, and were still unbuilt upon (see Key to Map of Dutch Grants).
In August, 1663, Teunis sold his house to his brother-in-law, Jacob Teunissen Kay, the
baker. — Liber Deeds, B: 21; cf. Deeds i^ Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664, trans, by
O'Callaghan, 328-9. The property remained in the De Key family until 1771. — Liber
Deeds, LVI: 495.
No. 4
The house and outbuilding erected on the piece of ground gained from the old Marckvelt
by the survey of 1657, and granted to Frederick Philipse, carpenter, by director and council,
January 29, 1658. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 190. The patent issued February 9, 1658. —
Liber HH (2): 94 (Albany). The lot was about 27 feet wide at the Brouwers Straet, nar-
rowing to 12 feet, 6 inches, in the rear, with an average depth of 85 feet. The Plan shows
that the rear building, which may have been used for a shop, was narrow; the house, squarely
and compactly built, had its main entrance on the Marckvelt. It was completed by Feb-
ruary 10, 1659 {Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 123-4), but stood less than
twenty years. Philipse acquired Varrevanger's property to the east (Liber Deeds, B: 109,
no, 157; cf. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers, etc., 1665-1672, translated, 15 1-2),
and built another residence on this corner, before 1677, in which year he was assessed for
his "new house," the "old house of Van cliff," and the house "next Jacob Dekeys." —
M.C.C.,1: S3-
The property remained in the Philipse family until the Revolution. It was sold under
the Act of Attainder (Chap. XXV, Laws of 1779) to Isaac Hubble, June 14, 1785. — Liber
Deeds, XLIV: i4S.[i]
No. 5
Philip Geraerdy's old tavern, "where the wooden horse hangs out, being a cake house
(koekhuys)." — Liber Deeds, A: iio-i, 129. Philip Gerard, of Paris, a soldier in the West
India Company's service, was in New Amsterdam as early as January, 1640. — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 12. He contracted with Juriaen Hendricksen, a carpenter from Osnabrugh,
to build a house for him, in June, 1640, which was not completed to his satisfaction in June,
1641, but was finished and in use by January, 1642, when the vigilant fiscal proceeded against
him for selling beer at a higher rate than the ordinance allowed. — Ibid., 76, 78.
His soldierly duties conflicting with his activities as an inn-keeper, he permitted the for-
mer to go by default. The fiscal promptly brought him up, March 27, 1642, on charges of
"having been absent from the guard without leave," and he was sentenced "to ride the
Wooden horse during parade, with a pitcher in one hand and a drawn sword in the other." — ■
Ibid., 79. The merriment of his fellow-townsmen may be imagined. In sheer defiance,
he named his inn The Wooden Horse.
For a dozen years, Geraerdy kept tavern here, and prospered. His ambition to spend
his old age on his Long Island farm was not realised, however. On November 2, 1654,
being "sick in bed," he made his will, and died shortly afterward. By December 19, 1654,
his neighbours on Long Island mention him as Philip Geraerdy, deceased. — Powers of At-
torney, trans, by O'Callaghan, 93, 99.
The Wooden Horse descended to Jan Geraerdy, his only child. Jan sold it to Joost
Teunissen, the baker, January 11, 1655 {Liber Deeds, A; no), who conveyed it to surgeon
['] See notes on No. 5.
2SO THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Varrevanger, as a corner house. — Ibid., A: 129. Then came the survey of 1657, which,
by prolonging the Marckvelt (Whitehall Street) until it intersected the Brouwers Straet
(Stone Street), squared up the block, but left the Wooden Horse some distance from the
corner. Now ensued a triangular quarrel between the baker, the doctor, and the burgo-
masters. Varrevanger claimed that Stuyvesant had granted him the gore lot; that he
could prove by Secretary Van Ruyven that he had asked a deed of it two or three times,
and had had it measured. Joost Teunissen said the burgomasters had granted it to him;
the burgomasters said they gave it to Teunissen, so that he could give Varrevanger a full
lot, but agreed to give the latter a deed of it for 40 florins, etc. — Rec. N. Am., VII:
163-4: II: 326-7. Meanwhile, Frederick Philipse, who, anticipating Sir Lucius O'Trigger,
might have said to Stuyvesant: "The quarrel is a very pretty quarrel as it stands; we should
only spoil it by trying to explain it," secured a grant from Stuyvesant, and built upon the
lot (see No. 4, ante).
No. 6
The house of Maria Polet, widow of Philip Geraerdy, who had married Mattheus de Vos,
the notary, November 5, 1656. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 21. She, evidently, still kept
a tavern, for she is rated among the inn-keepers in 1657. — Rec. N. Am., II: 263. There is
evidence that she retained the old sign-board. In June, 1661, Annetje Minnes, accused of
having received some money from Neeltje Pieters — the result of a robbery — "says it is not
true, but that she borrowed a crown from her [Neeltje] as before, and paid her Marys
dollar, coming to the Wooden Horse and there earned it by work." — Ibid., Ill: 327. Mrs.
de Vos asked to have curators appointed for the estate of her second husband, August 4,
i668. She herself died before October 2d of the same year. — Ibid., VI: 142, 150.
Jan Geraerdy, her son, sold the house, January 28, 1672, to Capt. Thomas De Lavall. —
Liber Deeds, B: 187; cf. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated),
205-6. Frederick Philipse added it to his holdings, in 1680. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 129;
Original Book of N. Y. Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, p. 51; Liber Deeds,
XII: 39-
No. 7
Jeronimus Ebbingh, of Hamburg, one of New Amsterdam's wealthiest merchants,
bought this house from Dirckie van Galen, widow of Skipper Willem Tomassen, April 26,
1657. — Liber Deeds, A: 93. She was in Holland at the time, where her husband had died
prior to June, 1656. — Rec. N. Am., II: 120, 121, 126.
In May, 1655, "Willem Tomassen, Skipper, next to God, of the Ship Great Christopher,"
was busy preparing that vessel for her homeward voyage. — Ibid., I: 313. On March 15,
1655, before his departure, he signed a petition, as one of the residents of the Straet van de
Graft (Stone Street), to have it paved with round stones. — Rec. N. Am., I: 300. In Jan-
uary, 1658, the "Court having examined the petition dated I5^^ March 1655," a warrant
was issued to have the street paved with stone. — Ibid., VII: 166.
On February 22, 1659, Ebbingh married Johanna de Laet {Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch.,
23), daughter of Johannes de Laet, of Leyden, a director of the Dutch West India Company,
and author of the Nieuwe Wereldt (New World), which is reprinted in part in Jameson's
Narratives of New Netherland. After the death of her distinguished father, this lady came
out to Rensselaerswyck with her first husband, Johan de Hulter, in May, 1653. Upon his
death, she sold the farm there, November 7, 1655 {Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 845), and
came to New Amsterdam with her children, Johannes, Johanna, Samuel, and Paul. — Register
of Walewyn Van der Veen, trans, by O'Callaghan, 57-8.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 251
Ebbingh obtained the great burgherright in 1658. — Rec. N. Am., II: 315. In 1673,
he was rated among the richest men in New Orange — he was worth 30,000 florins (about
$1 2,000). —A^. Y. Col. Docs., II: 699.
NOS. 8 AND 9
This building is shown on the Plan as a double house, which it was recited to be in
1687, when Isaac de Forest, who then owned it all, mortgaged "the westerly one-half part
of a Double House, as now divided by partition walls."- — Liber Deeds, XVIII: 19.
The easterly house was built before September, 1652; the westerly house after March,
1655; yet there is evidence in the deeds that the buildings were under one roof, which the
Plan confirms.
The ground-brief was issued to Surgeon Harmen Myndertsen van der Bogaert, March 16,
1647 {Liber GG: 190, Albany), while he was commissary at Fort Orange. ^ — Cal. Hist. MSS.,
Dutch, 38. He had not improved it at the time of his death, in the early winter of 1647-8,
and in February, 1648, "the Director and Council offered for sale to the highest bidder, the
lot heretofore the property of Harman Myndersen van de Bogaert."
Adriaen Keyser purchased the property, was confirmed in it, July 8, 1649, and turned
it over the same day to Evert Pels, of Fort Orange (Albany), who, apparently, represented
Myndertsen's widow. — N. Y. Col. MSS., Ill: 39. She married Jean Labatie, a French-
man, of Rensselaerswyck. — Fan Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 813.
They built the house on the easterly half of the lot, which they conveyed to Jan Gillissen
Verbrugge, September 22, 1652. — Liber HH: 2 (Albany). Verbrugge sold it to Isaac de
Forest, October 15, 1653. — Ibid., 50. In January, 1655, De Forest complains that there
is next to his house "a waste and unoccupied lot, whence his cellar is filled with water,"
and asks that the owner "be ordered to build thereon." The court so ordered. — Rec.
N. Am., I: 278.
Poulus Schrick, acting for Jan Labatie {ibid., I: 119), sold the westerly half of the origi-
nal lot to Gillis Verbrugge and Company, March 10, 1655. — Liber Deeds, A: 29. The deed
was curiously worded. The property, as therein described, "begins from the eaves of Isaac
de Foreest's house, where he can conveniently break off" his eaves." Evidently, the "brick
house" which the Ver Brugges built here, and which was "newly built" in April, 1657,
conformed in architecture to the house which they had already sold to De Forest, and which,
undoubtedly, also was built of brick.
The firm of Gillis Verbrugge and Company, of Amsterdam, was one of the oldest and
wealthiest trading with New Netherland. However, business reverses overtook them;
they became bankrupt in 1662 {Rec. N. Am., IV: 215; Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 242), and
their property was confiscated at the surrender. The house here shown was granted by
James, Duke of York, to former Governor Richard NicoUs, July 5, 1669. Nicolls con-
veyed it to Captain Thomas Delavall the following day; Delavall conveyed it to his son,
John, November 24, 1680. These original deeds, with their rare autographs and seals, are
owned by the N. Y. Historical Society. The Delavall deeds are recorded in Albany,
Liber Deeds, V: 315, 316.
John Delavall conveyed the westerly house to Isaac de Forest, Junior, June 25, 1683,
just fifty years after his father's purchase of the easterly house. — ^Recitals in Liber Deeds,
XVIII: 19.
NoS. 10, lO-A, lO-B, AND lO-C
OlofF Stevensen van Cortlandt's extensive properties included his brewery (10), his
residence (10— a), and the land through to the Marckvelt Steegh. The most westerly house
252 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
on the Lane (lo— b) had belonged to Jan Cornelissen, from Hoorn, the easterly one (lo— c)
to Claes Paulussen.C]
The brewery is first mentioned in 1656, when Paulus vander Beeck, farmer of excise,
wanted to inspect it, which, however, he declares, "the Hon''!*^ Van Cortland would not
permit me nor other brewers to do; being Burgomaster, he forbade me the same, which causes
me much damage, because I should have caught all the other brewers." — Rec.N.Am.,\\: 234.
The "HonW^ Oloff" was fined 125 florins ($50), and 8 florins additional for this evasion;
Vander Beeck declaring positively that Van Cortlandt had smuggled. — Ibid., 244-5, 253.
The Plan shows that the brewery buildings were extensive, occupying three sides of a
quadrangle, and there can be no doubt that the picture is a faithful one. For example, the
act of partition between Van Cortlandt's heirs, June 27, 1684, contains this clause:
And whereas the well having belonged to the brewery has now happened to fall in the lot
of said Jacobus, therefore the same shall be bound to allow and permit to the Brewery a free
access and unmolested use of the said well till the month of September of the next year, 1685,
and no longer. — Original Book of N. Y. Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Society Collections, 1913, p. 84.
The well is shown directly in the rear of the dwelling-house which Jacobus van Cort-
landt sold, in 1693, to Anthony Lepinar, or Lispenard. — Liber Deeds, XXI: 5. This was the
site of the present building No. 15 Stone Street. The passage-way between this house and
the brewery, shown on the Plan, still exists, of its original width of 8 feet. The brewery
covered the present numbers 11-13 Stone Street.
OlofF Stevensen was from Wyk-by-Duiierstede, a village some thirteen miles south-east
of Utrecht. He came to New Amsterdam as a soldier of the Company in "den Harinck,"
the ship which brought Director Kieft, arriving March 28, 1638. He was a correspondent
of Kiliaen van Rensselaer's; the latter wrote to the director: "I should consider it a favor
if he were advanced a little." — Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 433, 655-6; Van Tienhoven's
Answer, in Jameson's Nar. N. Neik., 375; Mrs. Pierre E. Van Cortlandt, in Scharf's Hist.
Westchester Co., II: 423-36.
Kieft appointed him keeper of the public stores {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 24) and com-
missary (ibid., 43, 77), an office he held for a number of years.
Stevensen was one of the Eight Men in 1645, one of the Nine Men 1649-52 (Jameson's
Nar. N. Neth., 430); was appointed schepen January 28, 1654 {Rec. N. Am., I: 157); elected
burgomaster, February i, 1655 {ibid., I: 281), an office which he held almost continuously
until 1665 {ibid., II: 325; III: 23, 155; IV: 197; V: 29, 185; VII: in); city treasurer,
1657 {ibid., VII: 141), and again in 1664 {ibid., V: 108, 139); alderman, 1665-6, and again
in 1670 {ibid., V: 250; [^] VI: 261); and deputy mayor in 1667. — Ibid., VI: 66, 67.
He married Anneken Loockermans, a sister of Govert Loockermans, February 26, 1642. —
Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 11. He died in 1683, and his wife in May, 1684. Domine
Selyns wrote her epitaph, which is to be found in Murphy's Anthology of New Neiherland.
No. II
Pieter Hartgers, whose interests were all at Albany, where he had married a daughter
of Annetje Jans {Fan Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 834), "being about to depart for Holland,"
on September i, 1659, sold this house to Abraham de la Noy, the inn-keeper.- — Liber Deeds,
A: 175. He took back a purchase-money mortgage of 313 whole beavers. — Mortgages,
['] Jan Cornelissen seems to have lived in this house, the only one mentioned in his grant of June 23, 164;, and
the last parcel which he sold (July 6, 1658). — Liber Deeds, A: 134. His certificate of burgherright, signed by Martin
Cregier, is owned by the Title Guarantee and Trust Company. Reproduced in The Civic Ancestry of New York —
City and State, by Edward Seymour Wilde, A. M.
[2] This is written in the Records "OlotFe Stuyvesant" — undoubtedly an error in translation.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 253
1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 140. Just a year later, he was obliged to repurchase
it from Marryeke Lubbers, de la Noy's widow. — Liber Deeds, A: 247. The property was
confiscated by Nicolls, and granted to Captain Sylvester Salisbury, later commander-in-chief
of the garrison at Albany. — Patents, III: 9 (Albany). He sold it to John Sharpe, May 17,
1677 {Liber Deeds, XXX: 129-32), who is assessed here in 1677. For Salisbury, see Exec.
Court. Min., ed. by V. H. Paltsits, I: 51, 386.
The site of this house is the rear of the building No. 88 Broad Street; the garden ran back
to No. 80.
No. 12
Frederick Lubbertsen, of Breuckelen, maintained a residence in New Amsterdam "at
the Hoeck of the Heere Straat, near the bridge of the Graft." The Plan shows it as a large
house with ornamental dormers, which evidently replaced the earlier building owned by
Jan van Hardenbergh, of Amsterdam, which Lubbertsen bought in October, 1655. — Liber
Deeds, A: 157. He was living in the new house in September, 1657, when he pledged it
to his daughter, Rebecca, as security for her share in her mother's estate. — Ibid., A: 104.
Frederick Lubbertsen was in New Amsterdam as early as October, 1633, according to
an entry in N. Y. Col. Docs., 11: 140. He was one of the Twelve Men in 1641. — Ibid.,
I: 415. As a representative of Amersfoort, he signed the Remonstrance and Petition, of
December 11, 1653. [']
He received the great burgherright in 1658. — Rec. N. Am., \\: 315.
Although Lubbertsen preferred to live across the East River, he still kept his house
here in 1667 {Patents, II: 93, Albany), but later sold it to Dr. Hans Kierstede, the younger,
his family physician. In a suit between them as to the payment for the house, June, 1674,
it appeared that the elder Kierstede had also doctored the Lubbertsen family for a long
period, at a certain fixed yearly salary. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 92. Frederick Lubbertsen
died in 1680. His will, dated November 22, 1679, is in Liber Deeds, 1 : 130, in Kings County.
Mr. Augustus Jay bought the property from the Kierstede heirs, in 1712. — /ij(^.-, XXX:
115, in N. Y. County.
Now No. 88 Broad Street and part of No. 15 Stone Street.
Nos. 13, 14, AND 15
Frederick Lubbertsen employed SurveyorCortelyou to map his land on the HeereGraght,
north of his own house plot. The survey was completed by August 25, 1658. Three small
lots, 22x50, more or less, were laid out, and three cottages built, which were sold at vendue
on the last day of April, 1659. OlofF Stevensen van Cortlandt bought the most southerly
one — No. 13 {Liber Deeds, A: 181), and was confirmed in its possession in August, 1667. —
Patents, II: 93 (Albany).
Hendrick Jansen Spiers of Gemoenepa (Communipaw), purchased No. 14, through his
agent "Pieter Pietersen Menist." — Liber Deeds, A: 188, 190. Evidently, Spiers bought
as an investment. On May 9, 1662, he found a customer in ChristofFel Gerritzen van Laer,
a shoemaker, who had married two years earlier Catharina Jans, a maiden from The
Hague. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 25. The young couple set up their home in the cottage,
for which Van Laer paid 1,500 guilders (about ^600). The deed was not recorded until
October, 1681. — Liber Deeds, XII: 65; Register of Solomon Lachaire, trans, by O'Callaghan,
295-6.
Gerrit Jansen Roos, a carpenter, bought No. 15. — Liber Deeds, A: 159. He soon trans-
['] An interesting account of Lubbertsen's useful and active life on Long Island is given in Stiles's Hist, of Brook-
lyn, Vol. I.
254 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
ferred it to Claes Paulusen {ibid., B: 7; cf. Deeds tff Conveyances, etc., 1659-1664, trans.
by O'Callaghan, 300-1), who, in the meantime, had sold his own house on the Marckvelt
Steegh to OlofF Stevensen (No. lo-c). Late in 1666, Pieter Abrahamsen van Deusen, a
cooper, son of Abraham Pietersen (see Block C, No. 3), purchased the house; he was still
living there with his huisvrouw, Hester Webbers, when Domine Selyns listed his congre-
gation, in 1686. These cottages were on the site of Nos. 86, 84, and part of 82 Broad Street.
No. 16
Reynout Reynoutsen, master shoemaker, bought the extreme north end of Lubbert-
sen's garden, an irregular piece adjoining his own property, and built this little house. —
See recitals in Liber Deeds, A: 202.
No. 17
This house stood on a wider lot, and was, as the Plan shows, a larger house than those
on either side. It was built by Albert Pietersen, the trumpeter. He seems to have failed
at keeping tavern here, and sold the property to "Rynhout Rynhoutsen," who owned it
until 1664, when he, in turn, sold to Pieter Winster, a master hatter. — Ibid., A: 34; Mori-
gages, 1665-1675, trans, by O'Callaghan, 1-2. (For Pietersen, see Block L, No. 4.)
Captain William Merritt, a prominent politician of his day, who became mayor of New
York, serving in 1695-8 {M. C. C, VIII: 150), bought the site in April, 1671. He
built here the large dwelling which was known for over a hundred years as Merritt's Great
House.['] One of the city wells stood before its door, "off which DerickTeneyck is to take
the Care," by decree of the common council. — M. C. C.,I: 181. The Popham Building,
78, 80 Broad Street, now covers this ground.
No. 18
Coenraet Ten Eyck, the tanner, bought the land from Burger Jorissen, before 165 1, [2]
on which he built this house. In 1686, Derick Ten Eyck, also a tanner, lived in it. — Selyns's
List, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1841, p. 395. To him was entrusted the care of the well
mentioned in No. 17 (ante). In 1791, Abraham Ten Eyck's heirs sold the property to Ben-
jamin Seixas. — Liber Deeds, XLVII: 529-34. In this deed, the dimensions in English feet
and inches agreed perfectly with the Dutch measurements made one hundred and forty
years earlier. Site: 76 Broad Street.
For Coenraet Ten Eyck, see Block C, Nos. 28 and 31.
No. 19
Two of New Amsterdam's humble citizens, Pieter, from Naarden, a carman, and Claes
Tijssen, a cooper, bought home plots here in October, 1653, from Willem Beeckman, who
had succeeded to Douman's grant. — Liber HH: 60, 61 (Albany). They were small lots, less
than twenty feet wide on the Gracht, by 46 feet deep, with a four foot alley-way between.
Van Naarden built a substantial home on the corner of the Marckvelt Steegh, as the Plan
shows: his widow, Aschee Jans, was confirmed there by Governor Nicolls in 1668 {Patents,
II: 170, Albany), and still lived there in 1686, according to Selyns's List. Claes Tijssen
['] When Nicholas Cruger bought the lot, in 1790, the name still clung to the spot; "formerly known by the
name of Merrits Great house (before the same was destroyed by fire)," runs the description. — Liber Deeds, XLVI: 316.
[^] Burger Jorissen had a deed from Jan Cornelissen fnot of record). When Ten Eyck bought the property,
he took the precaution to secure a grant of it from Stuyvesant. The original of this grant, signed by Stuyvesant,
and dated January 4, 165 1, is in the author's collection. Reproduced in Chronology.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 255
also built on his lot on the south, but when David Wessels bought the property, in March,
1658 {Liber Deeds, A: 125), to add to a plot he already owned in the rear {ibid., A: 44),
he demolished the cooper's little house, and built a wall along the Gracht.
No. 20
Joannes Vervelen bought this house from Joannes de la Montague, Jr., June, 1659. —
Liber Deeds, A: 162. Isaac de Forest had sold it to Montague four years earher. — Ibid.,
A: 30. The man who built it, however, was Hendrick Gerritsen, tailor, in 1652; though
he was obliged to borrow 37 florins, 11 stivers (about $15.25), to finance its erection. This
amount he did not object to paying, when he was sued for it, but he demurred at the addi-
tional item of "an anker of beer" after the house was roofed. Nevertheless, he was con-
demned to pay it all, with costs, April, 1653, upon which he sold the house to De Forest,
and went to Midwout. — Rec. N. Am., I: 62, 74, 77, 80, 180. Vervelen and Montague,
undoubtedly, found it a convenient abode, not far from their Red Lion Brewery. Lambert
Hendricksen, from Campen, seems to have been its owner, or tenant, in 1665, after Vervelen
went to Harlem. — Ibid., V: 224.
No. 21
The lot of Jan Evertsen Bout. The history of this site is of more than ordinary
significance. In the house shown on the Plan, the Fertoogh van Nieu-Neder-Land was
written; and here was erected the first French Church. The site is now covered by the
court of the New York Produce Exchange.
The Representation recites:
At the beginning of the year 1649 ... we deemed it necessary to make regular mem-
oranda . . . This duty was committed to one Adriaen vander Donck, who by a resolution
adopted at the same time was lodged in a chamber at the house of one Michael Jansz. The General
on a certain occasion when Vander Donck was out of the chamber, seized this rough draft with
his own hands, put Vander Donck the day after in jail, called together the great Council, accused
him of having committed crimen laesae majestatis. . . . — Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 351.
The earliest history of the house and its owners is confusing. Willem Beeckman,
Harman Smeeman, and Michael Jansen signed the deed to Bout, the original of which is
owned by the N. Y. Hist. Society. — Recorded in Liber Deeds, A: 31.
They seem to have been a syndicate, for, each severally declared, "so far as his right
and claim of ownership are concerned, to cede and transport" the premises. The contract
and bill of sale are very definite, however. On June 9, 1655, Jan Evertsen Bout, then
living at Breuckelen, sold to Michael Jansen, at Gemoenepaen, certain land there, on the
following conditions: "Michiel Jans shall deliver unto . . . Jan Evertsen Bout the
house and lot thereunto depending which belong to him Michiel Jansen, situate within
this city between Nicholaes Boot and Isack de Foreest at present leased by Jan Jansen
the younger." Jan Evertsen Bout and Michael Jansen were to exchange deeds of the
lands at Gemoenepaen and the house of Michael Jansen in the city; and Jan Evertsen
Bout was to pay Michael Jansen the additional sum of 200 Carolus guilders. — Powers of
Attorney, trans, by O'Callaghan, 153-4.
Bout did not himself occupy the house; a family named Barentzen, in whom he took
an interest, lived in it. — Rec. N. Am., V: 224; Min. of Orph. Court, I: 43. He was, how-
ever, confirmed here by Governor Lovelace, in 1669. (Original of patent in possession of
N. Y. Hist. Society.) On September 25, 1674, his heirs, Andries Juriaensz and Nicolas
Jansen Backer, sold the property to the widow and heirs of Isaac de Forest. — Original
Book of N. Y. Deeds, 1673-1675, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, pp. 43-5.
On the easterly part of the lot, the French Church (Eglise du St. Esprit) was built.
256 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
circa 1688. No deed to the trustees is of record, and the source of their title has been
frequently discussed. The author believes that Jasper Nesepat['] donated or sold the
site to the church. It is incontestably true that he owned all the land behind the church
plot through to the Brouwers Straet. He purchased the Stone Street front from John
Delaval, November 18, 1687 {Liber Deeds, XVIII: 112, Albany), and the land in the rear
from the heirs of De Forest, by an unrecorded deed. If this deed covered property fronting
on the Marckvelt Steegh (which it undoubtedly did, as he naturally would have secured
frontage on both streets) then Nesepat owned the land on which the church was built.
He was of Huguenot descent. The French Church secured an enabling act, June 19, 1703,
Chapter 128, Colonial Laws (reprinted in Eccles. Rec, III: 1528), to authorise them to sell.
They recite that the elders of the church
are peaceably seized and possessed of a certain Lott of Ground and Church built thereon . . .
in the street Comonly Known by the name of Petticoate Lane butting northerly to the said Street
Southerly to the ground of Jaspar Nissepat Deced Westerly to the Ground of Isaac De fforest Deced
and Easterly to the Ground of Henry Van ffeurden being in Length fforty Eight ffoot Nine Inches &
in Breadth in the fFront Twenty Seaven foot Seven Inches and in the rear Twenty Eight foot Six
Inches of which breadth on the West side from the ffront to the rear is taken off and reserved three
foot & three Inches for a Comon Alley.
Jan Evertsen Bout was born about 1603. — N. Y. Col. Docs., I: 194. He came to
New Netherland by "de Eendracht," in the spring of 1634. Kiliaen van Rensselaer, in
a letter to Van Twiller, dated April 23, 1634, says: "Jan Evertsz Bout is going thither also
[i. e. to the Manhattans] he has offered me his services, but the shirt is nearer to me than
the coat." — Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 282.
Michiel Paauw evidently felt no such distrust, for Bout entered his service, and, like
Cornelis van Vorst, remained at Pavonia after the Company had taken over Paauw's
holdings there. Van Twiller built him a house there, in 1634. — -N. Y. Col. Docs., I: 432;
XIV: 16. He had been an officer of the West India Company in Holland, and was a man
of determined character. He was one of the Eight Men, in 1643 {ibid., I: 140), and one
of the Nine Men, in 1647. — Laws & Ord., N. Neth., 76.
Bout was one of the signers of the "Petition of the Commonalty of New Netherland to
the States General," dated July 26, 1649; the "Additional Observations," of the same
date, and the "Remonstrance," dated July 28, 1649; and, with Vander Donck and Van
Couwenhoven, was chosen to carry these papers to the States General. — N. Y. Col. Docs.,
I: 331. While in Holland, he contracted with the Amsterdam Chamber to send 200
emigrants to New Netherland. — Ibid., I: 379. He had, meantime, secured the first grant
of land in Breuckelen, and was appointed one of the two first schepens of that village,
June 12, 1646. — Laws i^ Ord., N. Neth., 58.
He died there before 1674, when his widow, Annetje Para, married Andries Janse
Juriaence. — Stiles's Hist, of Brooklyn, I: 99.
His first wife was Trijntje Symons de Witt.— Ca/. Hist., MSS., Dutch, 49.
Van Tienhoven, speaking of Bout, in his Answer to the Representation (Jameson's Nar.
N. Neth., 376), implies that this settler had been in North America at an earlier period.
No. 22
"A House and Double Lot belonging to Nicolaes Boot." — Liber Deeds, B: 124.
Skipper Boot's house, and the wide garden to the east of it, had a frontage of nearly
eighty feet. His garden fence, shown on the Plan, nearly coincides with the west side of
New Street, as it was extended south of Marketfield Street.
['] Jasper Nessepot, Nessepat, Nessipot, Nessipate, etc., the miller.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 257
In 1659, he mortgaged this property to Pieter Jacobsen Buys for 1055 guilders, a large
sum in the real estate transactions of the day, and lost it under foreclosure in 1663. —
Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 133; Rec. N. Am., Ill: 203; IV: 300;
Liber Deeds, B: 124, 126.
Boot spent much of his time in Virginia, where, from an early date, he traded heavily
in tobacco. — Rec. N. Am., II: 394. In the fall of 1662, when Boot was "about to depart
for Virginia," he left his affairs in New Amsterdam in charge of his son-in-law, CristofFel
van Laer. — La Chair s Register, in Hoi. Soc. Year Book, 1900, p. 152. Evidently, they did
not prosper.
His domestic affairs, too, were embarrassing. His wife, Merritje Joris, unfortunately, was
addicted to drinking, and often disgraced herself and her family. Boot tried to restrain
her, on occasion even locking her up in the house and nailing up the doors and windows.
Finally, they separated; he shook the dust of New Amsterdam from his soles, and removed
to Virginia, after making an arrangement to pay to his unfortunate wife 1200 pounds
of good Virginia tobacco, yearly, for her maintenance. — Rec. N. Am., II: 335, 338; IV: 328.
BLOCK E
West of the Winckel Straet, there were in this block but five lots, each about 25 ft.
wide. The garden plots are not faithfully shown on the Plan, as the two southerly parcels
were not thrown together. The entire five lots form, with the bed of the ancient Winckel
Straet, the site of the Kemble Building, Nos. 15-25 Whitehall Street.
When the five houses of the Company were demolished, in 1680 {infra), the Winckel
Straet was closed.
No. I
Hendrick Willems, or Willemsen, the most successful and important baker of New
Amsterdam and early New York, occupied this plot. Appointed an inspector of bread in
1661 {Rec. N. Am., Ill: 390-1), he became, under English rule, in 1688, overseer of
bakers {M. C. C, I: 195), and, in 1670, overseer for laying out and paving the streets. —
Rec. N. Am., VI: 228.
Willems died possessed of a good deal of real property in New Amsterdam, inherited
by his grandchildren. His will is dated April 5, 1692. — Recited in Liber Deeds, XXVI: 107.
Col. Francis Lovelace, while governor of the province, occupied the Willems house,
as a tenant. Dr. O'Callaghan, in his manuscript notes in possession of the N. Y. Hist.
Society, says: "It is stated in a Dutch instrument dated 1668, Dec. 30, that 'd H^ Gouvern^'
lived in the Winckel Straat on the West side." The instrument referred to was a mort-
gage of that date on Frederick Gijsbertsen vanden Bergh's house, adjoining No. i on the
south. — Liber Mortgages, h: 50.
Hendrick Williams (Willems) sold this corner in 1680, to Fredrick Phillips. — Liber
Deeds, XII: 41. It was the site of the town residence of Col. Roger Morris, who had
married Mary, daughter of the second Frederick Phillips. Under the Act of 1779, this
land was confiscated with the rest of Col. Morris's estate.
Nos. 2 AND 2-A
Frederick Gijsbertsen van den Bergh was a dealer in wine, tobacco, and general mer-
chandise, on the Winckel Straet, and was in a large way of business. — Rec. N. Am., IV:
89, 106, 120, 210. He married, March 18, 1663, Marritje Lubberts, the widow of Abraham
de la Noye. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 28.
258 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
No. 3
Warnaer Wessels bought this house and lot from Abraham Clocq, giving a purchase-
money mortgage for 95 beavers, on February 7, 1658. — Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by
O'Callaghan, 80-2. The house had been the residence of the Rev. Everardus Bogardus,
who had lived there with his wife, Annetje Jans, up to the time of his ill-fated voyage to
Holland with Kieft, on the "Princess Amelia."
Wessels was a brewer, distiller, and wholesale wine-merchant, dealing in sack by the
pipe, and a tobacco-merchant as well, who, as was common in early days, handled the
leaf by the hogshead. — Rec. N. Avi., I: 266; II: 114, 404. He afterward came down con-
siderably in the world. In 1656, he became farmer of the excise on beer and spirits {ibid.,
II: 12, 47), Paulus vander Beeck outbidding him in the following year. — Ihid., II: 210,
211. Wessels, however, in 1657, was elected gauger and assizer, and, in 1658, marker
{ibid., II: 262, 266, 336); he bid for and secured the farmership again in that year. —
Ibid., II: 30s, 374.
He rented the premises on the Winckel Straet to Ariaen Juriaensen Lansman {ibid..
Ill: 146), who is here taxed, apparently as tenant, in 1665. — Ibid., V: 223. In this year,
Wessels appears in court with other tavern-keepers, who are warned to observe good
order and notify the watch of rioting. — Ibid., V: 263. He was, evidently, now retailing
strong drink where he had formerly sold it in quantity, and his public house seems to have
been on the High Street, between the houses of Johannes van Brugh and Dirck Jansen,
from Deventer.
In 1669 and the following year, he was appointed a constable. — Ibid., VI: 203, 208.
He was living with his wife, Elizabeth Cornelis, on Pearl Street in 1686 (Selyns's List,
in N. Y. Hist. Sec. Collections, 1841, p. 393), and was a voter in the South Ward in 1701. —
M. C. C, II: 164, 166.
In 1693, with Antie (or Annetie) Christians, he was allowed by Governor Fletcher to
collect money by public subscription for the redemption of their relatives from Moroc-
can slavery; and the curious proclamation to this effect was one of the earliest docu-
ments to issue from Bradford's new printing-press. — See its reproduction, in Dutch (fac-
simile) and English, in Wilson's Mem. Hist. City N. Y., I: 503, 578, 587, 593.
The money thus collected was afterwards applied towards the building of Trinity Church,
the wardens and vestry alleging, in 1697, "that it so happens ye said Captives are escaped,
dead, or otherwise not to be relieved," and that the money may as well be used to finish
the church edifice. — Trinity Min., 1697, September 6; 1703, February 19, August 4;
Eccles. Rec, II: 1216, 1217; Berrian's Trinity Church, 19-20.
No. 4-A
Gijsbertsen's next neighbour on the west side of Winckel Straet was Pieter Jacobsen
Buys, who acquired the small burgherright in 1657 {Rec. N. Am., VII: 150), and seems
to have done business principally as attorney and agent for various persons who empowered
him to act for them. He fell into serious financial difficulties {ibid., 111:344), ^^^^ '" 1663,
Simon Jansen Romeyn, acting as attorney for his numerous creditors, sold the house in
Mighiel Muyden. — Liber Deeds, B: 27; Deeds y Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664, trans, by
O'Callaghan, 338-9. Pieter Buys was one of the patentees of New Utrecht, in 1657. —
Doc. Hist. N. Y., 8vo. ed., I: 634.
This house seems to have been rather pretentious — the Plan shows a double gable to
the street. On the Marketfield, Buys had built a small structure, which was rented in
February, 1660, to Jacques Cortelyou, the surveyor, probably as an office (for he lived at
THE CASTELLO PLAN 259
New Utrecht), and here, undoubtedly, the survey of 1660, the original of the Castello Plan,
was drawn. — See recitals in Mortgages (etc.), 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 147, 148.
Ten years later, Robert Ryder, an English surveyor, whose work on Manhattan, on
Long Island, and in Westchester, is well known, rented the same premises (recitals in Liber
Mortgages, A: 73, 97), evidently, by that time, a well-established stand.
"Buys' house in Winckel-straat" was allotted by Governor Colve to Pieter De Reimer,
in lieu of his demolished house in Block H, No. 4. — N. Y. Col. Docs., II: 637.
No. 5
Here lived the heirs of George Holmes (known to the Dutch as Joris Home, Hooms,
Hom, etc.), one of the two first Englishmen to settle in what is now the State of New York.
Sent out by West, the provisional governor of Virginia, in 1635, Holmes and a small force,
including his own indentured servant, Thomas Hall, had taken possession of Fort Nassau,
on the South River, without firing a shot — for the Dutch work was deserted for the time
being. Van Twiller, however, promptly equipped an expedition against the venturesome
Virginians, and they were all captured and brought to New Amsterdam. Here the director's
policy caused him to release and send them home. Captain de Vries receiving them on
board his ship and carrying them to (Old) Point Comfort, where he put them ashore. —
De Vries's Notes, in Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 195. Holmes and Hall, however, returned
among the Dutch, and are found in New Amsterdam as early as July 17, 1638. — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 10. They contracted together to start a tobacco plantation and build a
house at Deutel (Turtle) Bay, September 7, 1639 {idem.), and were given their ground-
brief for this tract, November 15, 1639. These were the earliest tobacco-planters in the
Dutch colony. Holmes received his patent from Kieft for the lot in the Winckel Straet,
April 23, 1646. — Liber GG: 143 (Albany). He died in 1658, leaving a widow, Jane, and
four children. — Min. of Orph. Court, I: 60; Rec. N. Am., IV: 107-8; V: 55. By February
II, 1661, Jane Holmes had also died, and the children were orphans, the court giving them
Jan Lauwerens (John Lawrence) and Joris (George) Wolsy to be their guardians {Min.
0} Orph. Court, I: 172-3), although one of the girls, Priscilla, had just married, February 5,
1661, Jonas Willemszen. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 26. The heirs disposed of the
Winckel Straet premises in 1681. — Liber Deeds, XII: 50.
No. 6
"The 5 houses of the Company stand in the Winkelstraet [Shop Street]," says the De
Sille List, of 1660. As shown upon the Plan, the houses are all under one roof, and occupy
the entire eastern side of the little street.
When the five houses were built, has not been exactly ascertained, but they were, prob-
ably, in existence before 1633, as they are not among the buildings listed in the depo-
sition of Gillis Pietersen van der Gouw, master housecarpenter, as having been erected
during Van Twiller's administration (1633-1638). — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 16. The
deposition shows, however, that Van Twiller built a goat-house behind the "Five
Houses," which is evidence of their existence. Jacob StofFelsen, Gillis Pietersen van der
Gouw, and Tijmen Jansen depose, April 16, 1639, that, on the arrival of Director Kieft,
March 28, 1838, he found the "five brick houses" in need of "considerable repair." — N.
Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1841, p. 279.
They appear to have been used not merely to receive, store, and merchandise, the Com-
pany's goods, but also to house its servants. In 1652, the fiscal. Van Dyck (see Block A),
was ordered to vacate the Company's house, which he was occupying, as it was "required
for the rev. Samuel Drisius," who had "recently arrived." — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 129.
26o THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Jacob Hendricks, "the barber" (i. e. Varrevanger), is stated to have been living in the
Company's house. — Ibid., i6o, 375. Schout Tonneman petitions, and is allowed, to occupy
one of the Company's houses as a residence. — Ibid., 262.
The five houses were condemned as enemy property by the English, under the Act
of October 10, 1665. After the demolition of the Gasthuys, shortly before 1674 (see
Nos. 23 and 24), the five houses were converted into a hospital, but before 1680 they had
become so dilapidated that Andros had had them pulled down:
The fFive houses or Old hospitall in the towne, in w'^'' offic" also used to be lodged for want
roome in the fort being yearly chargeable & of little use, and upon a Survey found too old & rot-
ten to be repaired I caused it and the ground to be appraised & then pulled downe, and brought
the materialls into the ffort for the rebuilding of a like old house designed to be built by all my
predecesso" w'^'" is rebuilt accordingly and therein made very convenient Lodgings for the Officers
& Secretary &'^ which was before very much wanted.
The ground of the hospitall and a little part of the streete by consent of the Towne was ap-
praised at 200'' & sold in 4 lotts. — N. Y. Col. Docs., Ill: 308-313.
The "4 lotts" were sold to Captain Anthony Brockholst, John Darvall, Stephanus
van Cortlandt, and Phillip Welles. — Patents, V: 5, 8, 9 (Albany); Land Papers, I: 179,
213 (Albany).
No. 7
This lot, the site of No. 10 Stone Street, was sold by Hendrick Hendricksen Kip to
Caspar Steymensen (Stymets, Steymets, Steynmets), July 27, 1658. — Cal. Hist. MSS.,
Dutch, 60.
Caspar Steynwits, or Steymets, married Janneken Gerrits, of Zutphen, March 31,
1652 {Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 16), at New Amsterdam, but later became one of the
earlier settlers of Bergen (Jersey City), and was largely identified with Jersey interests.
He was one of the first schepens at Bergen, in 1661, magistrate in 1665, and a captain of
militia in 1674 {Bergen Records, in Hoi. Soc. Year Book, 1914, pp. 30,41, 45), and here also
he married his second wife, Treijntje Jacobs, March 15, 1671, the ceremony occurring
before the court. — Ibid., 58. He was, however, living in the Stone Street house in 1701,
when, as Casper Stymetz, he is listed as a voter in the South Ward of New York. — M. C. C,
II: 164, 166.
The house in Stone Street he rented to the city for many years. It was "the City
School," conducted by Evert Pietersen (Keteltas) from 1661 to 1686, when Rector Pietersen
retired on account of his advanced age and growing infirmity. — Eccles. Rec.,\: 503; II: 932.
The schoolmaster was taxed here as a tenant in 1665.- — Rec. N. Am., V: 223. Steymets
sometimes found the city a slow payer. In 1666, and again in 1670, he was obliged to
remind the officials that his rent was in arrears — the city paying him 260 florins a year. —
Rec. N. Am., VI: 4, 221.
Nos. 8, 9, 10, AND II
These lots and houses all belonged to Hendrick Hendricksen Kip, the founder of the
Kip family of New York and New Jersey. Kip came from Amsterdam, arriving prior to
1643, and bringing with him his wife and five children who were born in the old country. — •
Purple's Hist, of the Kip Family, 6. He was a tailor by trade {Rec. N. Am., I: 276), and
became one of the most prosperous and substantial burghers in New Netherland. He
received his ground-brief April 28, 1643. — Liber GG: 57 (Albany). He lived in the house,
now No. 27 Bridge Street, then described as "over against" (opposite) the Old Church on
the Strand.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 261
Fire-warden in 1655 and 1656 {Rec. N. Am., I: 22, 304), he was elected schepen in the
latter year {ibid., II: 28), and achieved the great burgherright in 1657. — Ibid., VII:
150. By many entries in the Records of New Amsterdam, it appears that Hendrick Kip
was a favourite choice of the court as arbiter of the many petty disputes that occurred
among his neighbours, and under English rule he frequently served in the jury-box. — Ibid.,
VI: 73, 100, 178. His name is found appended to the Vertoogh,oi 1649, and he was one
of Stuyvesant's Nine Men. — Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 290, 354, 376.
Nos. 12 AND 13
The property in Stone Street belonging to Anthony Jansen van Salee. He is also
designated Van Fees, Van Vaes, and Van Vees, the city of Fez, in Morocco, evidently being
referred to. A Hollander, whose father, possibly in the course of commercial ventures to
the Barbary states, is said to have embraced the tenets of Islam, he was also frequently
alluded to as Anthony the Turk.
This strange character came to New Amsterdam prior to April 28, 1638. — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, I. Before acquiring the premises here considered, he had received other
grants on Manhattan (for which consult notes on Manatus Maps, No. 22), and on
August 3, 1639, a grant was made to him of 100 morgen "on the Bay of the North River" —
at Gravesend, which he leased to an English settler, one Edmund Adley. — Ibid., 10, 33;
Liber GG: 61 (Albany).
His wife, Grietje Reyniers, was not only a woman of bad character, but had a foul
and slanderous tongue, which rendered her very obnoxious to her neighbours in New
Amsterdam; it was probably mainly because of her unpopularity there that Anthony betook
himself with her to Long Island, where he continued to reside for the better part of his
life.— Ca/. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 5, 64, 65, 67.
Besides farming his land at Gravesend, he was at New Utrecht quite early, as it is
stated in 1659 that he had "dwelt many years in the place." — Doc. Hist. N. Y., 8vo. ed.,
I: 635-6, 640-1. In 1674, he was accused of harbouring a Quaker at his house and was fined
a beaver for this offense. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 82, 84, 90.
His widow was living with his two sons, Jeremias and Abraham, in New Amsterdam,
on the "Brug Straat, " as late as 1686. — Selyns's List, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1841,
P- 395-
Nos. 14 AND 15
These two houses belonged to Hendrick Willems, or Willemsen, the baker. In 1705,
Williamson's three daughters, "Margarett Robbinson, Kneertie Lock, and Getje Vander
ClyflF," still owned the property. — Liber Deeds, XXVI: 107, 327, 329.
No. 16
The lot No. 92 Broad Street was at the date of the Plan the property of Symon Jansen
Romeyn, whose name is also spelled Romein and Romaine.
In his shop, facing the canal, near the corner of the Brewers Street, he dealt as a mercer,
selling silks, linens, galloon, lace, stockings, and buttons. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 316. In
1661, two young women committed a serious offence upon the mercer — shoplifting — whereby
five or six pairs of stockings and some galloon were taken and sold to Jurrien, the gold-
smith, Cornelis Langevelt, and other neighbours, who returned them, and the girls were
brought before the magistrates. Being confined in the jail at the Stadt Huys, they were
at first sentenced to be whipped and banished; they were threatened also with the pillory;
262 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
but more moderate counsels prevailing, Neeltje, the greater culprit, was banished for eight
years, and Annetje excused. — Ibid., Ill: 316, 326-8.
Romaine was sworn as a constable in 1680. — M. C. C, I: 75. His house on Broad
Street was a corner boundary of the South Ward in 1683. — Ibid., I: 112.
No. 17
This house, on the corner of the Brouwers Straet and the Gracht, seems to have been
one of the most substantial dwellings on the block. At the period of the Plan, it belonged
to OlofF Stevensen van Cortlandt. On January 12, 1660, he bought it from Teunis Cray,
who had probably built it. — Liber Deeds, A: 180.
The confirmation to Van Cortlandt is dated August 12, 1667. — Patents, II: 93 (Albany).
For Van Cortlandt, see Block D, No. 10.
Nos. i8 AND 19
Premises in possession of Isaac, one of the sons of Hendrick Hendricksen Kip. He
came to New Amsterdam with his father (see Nos. 8, 9, 10, 11, ante), and, on February 8,
1653, married "Catalyntje Hendricks Snyers," probably the daughter of Hendrick Jansen
Snyder, or Hendrick Jansen, the tailor. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 18; Purple, in N. Y.
Geneal. y Biog. Records, April, 1877.
Isaac Kip was a Hudson River trader and a rather commonplace burgher, whose life
seems to have been a quietly prosperous one. He was appointed city stamper, in 1674,
a position of trust and some emolument. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 58, 65, 68. He was elected
assessor of the North Ward in 1697 (M. C. C, II: 14), and is found living and duly
accounting as an executor of one Gerritt Hollar, deceased, in 171 1. — Ibid., II: 433; see
also Block C, Nos. 35 and 36.
No. 20
Jacob Kip owned this house, in 1660. For Kip, see Block C, Nos. 35 and 36.
No. 21
Jacob Kip sold a half-interest in this house to Jacob Strycker, June 28, 1660. — Liber
Deeds, A: 223. They were confirmed here as joint tenants, September 17, 1667, as recited
in their deed to Olof Stevensen van Cortlandt, January 14, 1670. — Ibid., B: 165; cf. Book
of Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 166-7.
For Strycker, see Block L, No. 7.
No. 22
Jan Jansen, from St. Obin, became possessed of this small house next the corner of the
Brugh Straet, now No. 12 Stone Street.
He was a seafaring man, a skipper and pilot, who was in the colony at least as early
as 1646. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 34. In 1649, reciting himself as a native of Tiibingen,
he married Hendrick Hendricksen Kip's daughter, Baertje (Bertha). — Marriages in Ref.
Dutch Ch., 15. He was generally called "van" or "from" St. Obin, or St. Abyn, pos-
sibly a corruption for St. Aubin.
In 1663, he is quoted as the owner of a "yacht" {Rec. N. Am., IV: 270), and probably
pursued the occupation of a coasting trader. He seems to have had an interest in the
bark captured by Thos. Baxter, the privateer, and for which Jansen was to be secured by
Thomas Moore, of New Haven, and Isaac Allerton, Sr. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 57.
It does not appear in the records that any deed or transport was made to Jansen
THE CASTELLO PLAN 263
for the house on the Brewers Straet, nor had he a ground-brief for the lot; it is, therefore,
probable that he had received it as the dower of Baertje Kip.
He was somewhat notorious as the pilot of the slaver "Gideon," and there is an entry
of an order to pay him for his services in this behalf, in the Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 268.
See Innes's New Amsterdam and its People, 42-3.
Jan Jansen's father's name is said to have been Wanser or Wansaer; and one of his
descendants joining in selling the house in question, as late as 1792, was named John Wan-
shzer.— Liber Deeds, XLVIII: 289.
NOS. 23 AND 24
"The Gasthuys [hospital] is in the Bruch Straet behind the fiscal's house." — De Sille
List, of 1660.
Dr. Jacob Hendricksen Varrevanger, in December, 1658, petitioned for a hospital to
be established for sick soldiers and negroes; he was ordered to look about for a convenient
place and a steward. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 204. He found a suitable matron in Hilletje
Wilbruch, who was appointed on December 23, 1658, before the new hospital was
built. — Register of N. Neth., 128. The site chosen was behind the five houses of the Company,
in the rear of the old brewery plot, and on the corner of the Brugh Straet and the Brugh
Steegh. This lot, and part of the lane itself, which in earlier years led only to the brewery,
belonged to Abraham Planck, or Verplanck, by virtue of his grant of March 14, 1647 {Liber
GG: 187, Albany), and his apparent acquisition of Pieter vander Linden's small lot adjoin-
ing. He claimed ownership of the entire lot, on March 14, 1659, and was just about to build
on it, having the timber already on the ground, when Schout de Sille appeared in court,
and secured an order restraining him from such action, "as the Company shall retain it,
to build thereon at some future time, as occasion requires, an Hospital or Orphan Asylum."
— Rec. N. Am., VH: 216. The same day, Verplanck petitioned Stuyvesant and council
for a lot, "in lieu of his lot taken for a square." — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 162. ['] The
Plan shows that the Brugh Steegh was widened and a "square "laid out, on which the hospital
was built, between March 14, 1659 and July 10, 1660. The other small building (No. 24),
obviously, was the fiscal's house — not his residence, but his office. Even as early as 1646,
the"Fiscars Kitchen," on this spot, was mentioned in the records. — Liber GG: 139 (Albany).
Evidently, an incorrect translation; the kitchen and other outbuildirigs are referred to as
offices, in England, to this day.
The hospital had been demolished prior to May 24, 1674, when Colve granted the
land in three separate parcels to Jan Dircksen Meyer, Andries Meyer, and Pieter Jansen
Mesier— TV. Y. Col. Docs., II: 629-36; cf. Rec. N. Am., VII: 13.
BLOCK F
No. I
Nos. 23-25 Pearl Street, at the corner of Whitehall Street. Here resided Dr. Hans
Kierstede,[^] one of the earliest physicians in the city and the founder of a family of doctors
and apothecaries.
['] The entry is dated March 14, 1656 — an obvious error.
[^] By a resokition of the burgomasters, one of the two Indian trading-houses was ordered to be erected "before
the house of Mr. Hans" (Kierstede):
"Friday, October 21, 1661, at the City Hall present Messrs. Pieter Tonneman, Allard Anthony, Paulus Leender-
sen van der Grift, Marten Cregier and Olof Stevensen van Cortlant.
"The President produces an extract from the Register of Resolutions of the Director General and Council,
264 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Kierstede was a native of the great free city of Magdeburg; he came to New Amsterdam
with Director Kieft, in March, 1638, in the official capacity of surgeon of the West India
Company; but within two years he had left this post to enter the private practice of his
profession.
His property on the Strand came into his possession by ground-brief of January 21,
1647 {Liber GG: 165, Albany), for the land "between the Company's Warehouse and the
lot of Roelof Jansen," and by small additional grants made, respectively, July 18, 1653
{Liber HH: 35 b, Albany), and October 25, 1656. — Recited in Patents, II: 161 (Albany).
He is taxed here in 1655. — Rec. N. Am., I: 372.
Kierstede led a useful and busy life as one of the few physicians in the community, and
was often called upon by the court for expert opinions in medical affairs, sometimes in com-
pany with his colleague, Dr. Varrevanger, the court referring to both as "old experienced
Surgeons." — Ibid., II: 213.
His fees, moderate in amount, were often paid him in kind. For example, he attended,
for three weeks, Jacob Willemsen, who had been badly stabbed in the shoulder, and charged
his patient "one Beaver" {ibid., I: 321), and was a preferred creditor in the estate of
Solomon La Chair, the notary, in the sum of two and one-half beavers, for services rendered
to "Solomon and his family." — Ibid., V: 305.
He married, June 29, 1642, Sara Roelofs, of Amsterdam {Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch.,
11), a daughter of Anneke Jans and stepdaughter of Domine Bogardus, by whom he had
ten children. All of these survived him. — Purple, in N. Y. Geneal. y Biog. Rec, July,
1877. He died in this house "by the Water" in the year 1666. His descendants remained
there until 17 10. — Liber Deeds, XXVI: 48.
His great-great-grandson was the late Gen. Henry T. Kiersted, of Harlem, who kept a
well-known chemist's shop on Broadway, where, for many years he dispensed the " Kierstede
ointment" — a secret of Hans Kierstede's, which has remained a family possession for nearly
three centuries. — Dr. John Shrady, in Wilson's Mem. Hist. City of N. Y., IV: 388.
Nos. 2, 3, AND 4
At the time the survey was made, these three properties were owned by Cornelis Steen-
wyck, whose memory deserves to be kept green am.ong New Yorkers, as that of one of the
most capable, industrious, patriotic, and useful men among the founders of the city.
Reference to the Key to the Map of Dutch Grants will make plain the manner in which
this wealthy burgher acquired his holdings. His elaborate dwelling-house was erected
upon the south-east corner of the present Whitehall and Bridge Streets, now known as
No. 27>^ Whitehall Street.
Steenwyck was granted the great burgherright in 1657 {Rec. N. Am., VII: 150), and,
a year later, married Margareta Riemers, a daughter of "Mother" Drisius, by her
first husband. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 22. A successful merchant from his first
arrival in America, which seems to have been about the year 1651, he dealt in tobacco, salt,
and slaves, owning his own ships. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 143, 210, 262. His long and
varied career of public usefulness began with his first election as schepen, in 1658. — ■
Rec. N. Am., II: 325. After repeatedly filling this office, Steenwyck served as
dated October 13, 1661, concerning deliberations for the best of the community, to prevent that some covetous engros-
sers do not buy more maize, venison and other things, which the savages bring to market, to sell it at enhanced prices
to the poor people, and the President requests each member to give his advice. After some discussion it is decided
that two tradinghouses should be established for this purpose, and the savages be charged to sell their goods at no
other places, than these. It is also ordered, that the planks lying before the house of Mr. Hans [Kierstede] shall be
removed, to erect there one tradinghouse for the Indians." — Exec. Min. of Burgomasters, in Min. of Orph. Court,
II: 112-3. •''^^ 2lso the questions put to the carpenters, p. 133. For reference to earlier market near Kierstede's
house, see Chronology, 1656.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 265
burgomaster from 1662 to 1665 {ibid., IV: 26; V: 17, 185); was orphan-master in 1661, and
afterward; delegate to the provincial assembly in Holland in 1664, etc. — Register of N.Neth.,
67; Rec. N. Am., VI: 272, 315.
In 1663, Steenwyck lent the needy provincial government 12,000 guilders, for which the
four brass cannon in Fort Amsterdam were pledged as security, in a bill drawn on the
West India Company {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 254), and there is further testimony of his
consistent prosperity. The assessors, in 1674, valued his taxable property at the sum of
50,000 florins (^20,000). — N. Y. Col. Docs., II: 699-700.
When the surrender of the little city was demanded by Nicolls, Steenwyck was one
of those commissioned by Stuyvesant to negotiate with the enemy {Register of N. Neth.,
i6i, 162), and on the i6th of September, 1664, he was one of those "sorrowful and desolate
subjects" who informed the directors at home that their town had fallen, and was now
called "Jorck heretofore named Amsterdam in New Netherland." — Rec. N.Am.,V: 114-6.
Under the rule of the English, Cornells Steenwyck became mayor of the City of New
York during the years 1668 and 1669 {ibid., VI: 144, 201), and, during Lovelace's absence
in Virginia, upon one occasion, in 1671, he was appointed by Lovelace provincial governor,
pro tern. With inveterate civic patriotism, the inexhaustible Cornells commanded a troop
of horse in the following year {Exec. Coun. Min., ed. by V. H. Paltsits, II: 636-8), although
his services in the field do not seem to have been called for.
His wealth in land was prodigious for the day. John Archer mortgaged his lands at
Fordham to him in 1669, and again in 1676, which gave him full title and possession of the
Manor of Fordham. By his will, made in 1684, and by virtue of certain deeds, the manor
at last vested in the Reformed Dutch Church of New York. — Riker's Hist, of Harlem,
308,437-8; Eccles. Rec.,\\: 888-90.
Cornells Steenwyck, ill at the time he made his last testament, died in the same year.
An inventory of his estate, made two years subsequently, values the dwelling house on
Whitehall Street at £700. A fine portrait of Cornells Steenwyck is in the possession of
the N. Y. Hist. Society. — See reproduction in Addenda, Vol. III.
On October 2, 1686, his widow was married to her pastor, Domine Henricus Selyns. —
Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 61.
No. s
The warehouse of Paulus Leendersen, or Leendertsen, van der Grift. The western-
most of the three tall buildings shown on the Prototype View (Vol. I, Frontispiece), as
well as on the Visscher and Van der Donck Views (Pis. 8-a and 9).
Paulus Leendersen built the warehouse, in 1650 {Patents III: 102, Albany), having
received his ground-brief for the land July 19, 1649. — Ibid., II: 73. It covered the site
of the present No. 31 Pearl Street. For an extended mention of Van der Grift, see Block A,
No. 14. See also Map of Dutch Grants, and Key.
No. 6
The Pack House of the West India Company, on the Strand, lay between the large
buildings belonging, respectively, to Paulus Leendersen van der Grift and Augustine
Herrman. It was erected in 1649. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 105. As enemy property, it
was confiscated at the English conquest, under the Act of October 10, 1665 (cited in
Patents, I: 99, Albany), and was occupied as the Custom House at New York until 1752.
On July 14th of that year, Archibald Kennedy, "Collector of his Majestie's Customs,"
humbly petitioned:
That upon the Surrender of this Country by the dutch, there was a lott of ground with a store
house upon it belonging to the Dutch West India Company, the which became vested in the crown
266 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
and being a Proper Situation at that time for a Custom House it was Sett apart for that Purpose,
but our Assembly having Neglected to Keep it in repair . . . the house became ruinous and
was at Last presented by a Grand Jury as a Nuissance & by order of Court demolished. Your
petitioner has been obliged ever since to Shift from Place to Place with the books and Papers
belonging to the Office to the no small Inconveniency both of the Officers and traders & charge of
the Crown for the rent of a house to keep the Custom House in, . . .
He prays that he may have a grant of said "Lott," and receives the same under an
annual quit-rent of four pounds. — Land Papers, XIV: 171 (map annexed), Albany; cf.
Cal. Land Papers, 266.
No. 7
The warehouse of Augustine Herrman, covering parts of Nos. 33 and 35 Pearl Street.
The ground-brief for the plot is dated July 16, 1645 (recited in Patents, III: 86, Albany),
but the date when the three-story building was erected is uncertain. It was built before
the making of the Visscher View (PI. 8-a). It was conveyed by Herrman, in 165 1, to
Cornells van Werckhoven, as curator of the estate of Pieter Gabry, deceased, and confis-
cated as belonging to an enemy subject, in 1665, under the Act cited ante (see No. 6).
For a sketch of the life of Herrman, see Block B, No. i.
Nos. 8 AND 9
At the time of the survey, the property of the creditors and heirs of Cornells van Tien-
hoven (No. 37 and part of No. 35 Pearl Street).
The famous provincial secretary, fiscal, and schout, one of the earliest inhabitants of
New Amsterdam, was a man of excellent parts and of considerable ability; he seems, how-
ever, to have been rather crafty and, if his contemporaries are to be believed, of a con-
niving, scheming, and unprincipled character. He was also accused of drunken and
licentious conduct. He had served under Van Twiller, Kieft, and Stuyvesant, but by May,
1656, before the period of the survey, had been dismissed from all of his offices {Rec. N.
Am., II: 108; N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 342), and had disappeared before November 13,
1656, when it is reported that "it is not certain, where the said Corn's van Tienhoven
is." — Rec. N. Am., II: 227. Whether he absconded or committed suicide by drowning,
was a disputed point in 1656, and has been a question for the curious ever since.
His wife, Rachel, was one of the daughters of Ariantje Cuvillie, or Adrienne Cuviller,
by her first husband, Gulyn Vinje, or Guillaume Vigne: these being also the parents, and
Rachel a sister, of Jan Vinje, or Jean Vigne. Jan lived until 1691. — N. Y. Col. MSS.
I: 6 (Albany); Rec. N. Am., II: 349«.
The Key to the Map of Dutch Grants fully recites the deeds by which Van Tienhoven
became possessed of his land at the Water, which included the church lane shown on
the Plan.
His extensive dwelling here was referred to as "van Tienhoven's Great House." Rachel
died in 1663, but Dr. Lucas van Tienhoven, the Secretary's son, and her's, was still residing
here in 1679. — Liber Deeds, A: 21; ibid., XII: 144. His sister, Jannetje Smith, lived
next door. — Innes's New Amsterdam and its People, 58.
No. 10
THE OLD CHURCH
"Where Burgomaster Antonides lives" — De Sille List, of 1660.
The church is presumed to have been built c. 1633, by Director van Twiller. It is
mentioned in the deposition of Gillis Pietersen van der Gouw and others, dated April 16,
THE CASTELLO PLAN 267
1639, respecting the public buildings which Kieft found in the colony on his arrival there
in the Haring (Herring), March 28, 1638.— A^. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 16-7; A''. Y. Col.
MSS., I: 96 (Albany). Also, in Pietersen's deposition of March 22, 1639. — Ibid., 81; N. Y.
Hist. Soc. Collections, 1841, p. 279. De Vries refers to it, in 1642, as "only a mean
barn." — Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 212. In that year, the new church of St. Nicholas
was built within the ramparts of the Fort, and the old church abandoned as a place of
worship. Captain Newton (Nuton), of the garrison, had his dwelling here for a while,
but it was resolved, April 4, 1656, to sell "the house, lot and buildings thereon called
the Old Church" at public auction. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 346. Jacob Wolphertsen
van Couwenhoven became the purchaser, June 30, 1656 (Liber HH, 2: 58, Albany), but it
was sold under execution September 8, 1656 to Isaac de Forest. — Liber Deeds, A: 71.
De Forest built upon the plot a house "which was an ornament to the City" (Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 383), and which soon became the residence of Allard Anthony, the "Burgo-
master Antonides" of the De Sille List.
Anthony was one of the most prominent citizens of New Amsterdam. Berthold Fernow
says that he is "supposed to have been an Irishman." — New Amsterdam Family Navies,
in Historic New York, II: 219. He was one of the first lawyers in the colony, and often
appeared as an attorney in litigations, becoming also a notary. — Rec. N. Am., I: 278, 337;
Cal. of Coun. Min., 21; Register of N. Neth., 123. He repeatedly served the city as burgo-
master.— Rec. N. Am., I: 49, 271, 281; III: 124, 261. He was city treasurer {ibid., II:
97), schout {ibid., V: 160), sheriff, under the English rule {ibid., V: 251; VI: 261, 334),
and represented the province in New England {ibid., I: 72), as well as in Holland. — Register
of N. Neth., 136.
In 1682, Anthony acquired the property on the Strand where he had so long resided,
from Sarah, widow of Isaac de Forest. — Liher Deeds, XII: 93. He married, March 25,
1656, Henrica Wessels, of Utrecht, who survived him, and who is mentioned, in 1686, in
Domine Selyns's List, wherein she still appears as living "along the Strand." — N. Y. Hist.
Soc. Collections, 1841, p. 393.
No. II
Next door to the Church, to the eastward, Pieter Lourenssen had secured a plot, on
ground-brief from Director Kieft, in 1647. — Liber GG: 202 (Albany). Later in the
same year, he deeded the little piece of land, which faced the Brugh Straet and did not
extend through to the Strand, as did the other lots in this block, to Hendrick Jansen Smith.
At the time, and for some years afterward. Smith resided "opposite Flushing on Long
Island." — Powers of Attorney, trans, by O'Callaghan, 128-9.
Smith's small house was built on the site of No. 32 Bridge Street. Here he kept a
tavern, and a not too orderly one, for Schout Tonneman brought him at various times
before the magistrates for entertaining a crowd of townsfolk on Sunday, tapping during
sermon, or tapping after ten o'clock at night, his customers amusing themselves by
"noisy singing and chanting." — Rec. N. Am., V: 48 64. This was an infraction of the
placard or ordinance of April 11, 1641. — Laivs y Ord., N. Neth., 25.
The business does not seem to have prospered. Smith was sued by the curators or
administrators of the estate of Anna Cornelis, deceased, for debt. He was, apparently,
unable to pay {Rec. N. Am., V: 88), and, whether for this or other reasons, committed
suicide, in July, 1664.
Officer Pieter Tonneman concludes, as Hendrick Jansen Smitt has hanged himself and destroyed
his life on the branch of a tree at the Kakkhoeck on this side of the Fresh Water, that his goods shall
be forfeit, the corpse drawn on a hurdle as an example and terror to others, and brought to the
268 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
place, where it was found hanging and there shoved under the earth; further that a stake, pole or
post shall be set there in token of an accursed deed.
The court, however, was more merciful, and adjudged that:
(whereas Hendrick Jansen Smitt has been an old Burgher here, of whom no bad behavior was
ever heard, and as his next neighbours, eight in number, entering, have requested a decent burial,)
that the body shall be interred in a corner of the Church yard in the evening after the ringing of
the nine o'clock bell. — Ibid., V: 93.
Hendrick's widow, Annetje Gerrits, survived him.
No. 12
This small house, on a plot which extended only half-way through the block — the
Bridge Street front being occupied, as has been seen, by Hendrick Jansen Smith — was
bought in July, 1659, by Johannes de Decker. The site is now designated as No. 41 Pearl
Street.
De Decker was a prominent member of the supreme council of New Netherland, and
had been, in 1655, president of the court and commissary at Fort Orange. — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 149. He became, in the same year, a notary, and practiced law at New
Amsterdam.^ — Ibid., 147; Rec. N. Am., I: 311, 318, 327. He held office as comptroller
{Register of N. Neth., 20, 25), and was one of the embassy to reclaim the ship, "Arms
of Amsterdam," which had been taken by a Portuguese privateer. — Ibid., 138. De Decker
also served as churchwarden. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 242.
In 1664, he was chosen by Stuyvesant to confer with Nicolls on the Articles of Capitula-
tion {Register of N. Neth., 162), and was one of the signers of the same at the surrender of
the city to the English. — M. C. C, II: 52.
Nothwithstanding his part in the yielding of the city at the approach of Nicolls, De
Decker was accused of afterwards going up the Hudson, and, at Albany and elsewhere,
inciting the Dutch to resistance. For these treacherous doings, Governor Nicolls sentenced
him to banishment from the province. — General Entries, I: 39.
He sold the property at the Strand to Johannes de Witt, October i, 1663. — Liber Deeds,
B: 26; cf. Deeds y Conveyances (etc.) 1659-1664, trans, by O'Callaghan, 336-7.
No. 13
At what is now No. 47 Pearl Street, lived, at the date of the Plan, Samuel Edsal, an
English hatter, who seems also to have dealt here in tobacco and general merchandise. —
Liber HH (2): 55 (Albany); Rec. N. Am., I: 373; HI: 315; IV: 96, 105, 303; V: 174. In
1655, he married Jannetje Wessels, of Aernhem. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 19. In
1664, he acquired the 500 acres of land at Hell Gate "commonly called Bronckx Land,"
which he later sold to Captain Richard Morris. — Patents, I: 11 (Albany); Rec. N. Am., V:
258«. This was the original grant to Jonas Bronck. See Manatus Maps (Pis. 41 and 42).
The later part of Edsal's life was spent in Woodbridge, N. J., where he was still living
in 1683. — N. J. Archives, 1st series, I: 80, 81-2, 131, 364; Daily's Woodbridge and Vi-
cinity, C)J.
No. 14
Nicolaes Jansen, baker, received a ground-brief for this plot from Director Stuyvesant
and council, in 1656 {Liber HH, 2, 52, Albany), and here conducted a bake-shop, obtaining
the small burgherright in 1657. — Rec. N. Am., VH: 152. He seems to have been a baker
THE CASTELLO PLAN 269
at New Amsterdam as early as 1644, when he furnished the ship "Wapen van Rensselaers
Wijck" with bread. — Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 718, 721.
Nos. 15 AND 15-A
These two small buildings were erected by Frans Jansen van Hooghten, who was a house-
carpenter and builder. He took a long time finishing a house which he had contracted
to build for Wessel Evertsen, and was recommended by the court to "go to the work and
remain there until it be finished, without working on another." — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 293,
299, 304. After the house was completed, Frans Jansen found Evertsen more dilatory still,
when it came to paying for the work, and his suit against the owner lagged through many
court days. Judgment was granted Jansen, January 31, 1662, for 500 guilders. — Ibid.,
IV: 24-5. The house in question was one occupied by Asset Levy, on the Hoogh Straet
(Block N, No. 15), and afterwards bought by him from Evertsen (now No. 59 Stone Stieet).
— Liber Deeds, B: 16; cf. Deeds y Conveyances (etc.) 1659-1664, trans, by O'Callaghan,
318-9; Patents, II: i (Albany).
Jansen took the oath of allegiance to the English, in October, 1664. — A'^. Y. Col. Docs.,
Ill: 76.
Frans Jansen van Hooghten was dead by 1670, when Maretie Gerrits, his widow, was
married to his neighbour, Nicholas Jansen, the baker. — Rec. N. Am., VI: 262.
No. 16
Hans Dreper was granted permission to tap, in 1656 {Rec. N. Am., II: 197), and kept a
tavern at the corner of the present Broad and Pearl Streets, the site of which is now covered
by the Bush Terminal Building. He seems to have been of a trustful disposition, and his
customers frequently took advantage of him. He was often obliged to sue them for board
and "consumed drink" for which they had not paid. — Ibid., II: 334, 344, 351; III: 155,
160. He insisted on boarding incoming ships, against the placard and in spite of Schout
de Sille's "naked sword," for which he was fined 25 guilders. For saying to Resolved
Waldron, the schout's officer, "Thou lyest!" he was obliged to pay six guilders more. —
Ibid., Ill: 171, 233. In 1667, he removed to Albany. — Valentine's Hist, of N. Y. City, 86.
He sold the corner house to James Mathews, on February 14, 1674. — Original Book of
N. Y. Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, pp. 18-9.
BLOCK G
No. I
At the north-east corner of the "read" and the Pearl Straet, stood a pretty cottage,
which, in 1660, belonged to Annetje Jans Bogardus, then living at Albany. The well-
kept, neatly fenced, garden extended back to the esplanade of the Fort. A splendid tree
shaded the cottage — shaded, too, the smaller house in the rear belonging to Trijin Jonas,
the midwife, and which may well have been the original dwelling built for her by Van
Twiller's orders. ^ — Van der Gouw's report, in A'. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 16.
"Trijn Jonas van Masterlan[d]," as she is called in a fragment of an account of New
Amsterdam, dated 1639 {Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 57), presumably, accompanied her
daughter and the latter's husband, Roelof Jansen, and their children, when they came to
New Netherland, in 1630, in "de Eendracht." Mr. A. J. F. van Laer {ibid., 56-7, note)
says that the family was from Marstrand, on the coast of Sweden, and was, therefore,
probably, not Dutch. — Ibid., 57, 308, 806.
270 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
At the time the grants were laid out, a strip of land, ten feet in width, more or less, was
left between Tryntie and her next neighbour, Jacob Roy. Dominie Bogardus, her son-
in-law, represented her in a suit against Roy, September 15, 1644. The court "ordered
that the director and council examine the ground in dispute." — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 91.
Their decision must have been that the ground should remain open as "a passage-way to
the Fort," as the deeds on the east side continue to recite, even as late as 1700. That it
was not used in 1660, the Plan proves; it was included later in the confirmation to the
heirs of Annetje Jans Bogardus, in July, 1667. — Patents, II: 70 (Albany). A petition of
Anna Bogardus, June 22, 1662, to the provincial council, for permission to exchange this
lot "at the end of Pearl Street, next to Jacob Steendam's," for another lot, was referred to
the burgomasters {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 238); nothing came of it, as the confirmation
shows. Her heirs conveyed the property, October, 1672, to Andries Claesen, carpenter. —
Liber Deeds, B: 203; Book of Records of Deeds & Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated),
231-2. His sons, "Claas Andriesen, of Comonapa in the County of Bergen . . . yoo-
man, and Abraham Andriesen of Bergen . . . Miller," conveyed to their brother,
Michael, their "Certain house ... in the Pearl Street near the Stable of the Queens
Fort . . . part of the Estate whereof our Respective Father Andries Claasen late of
Bergen," had been possessed. — Liber Deeds, XXXI: 7. A part of the "old road" was added
to this block in 1809. Mr. Archibald Gracie, who then owned the ground of the midwife,
bought a strip of land, 14 ft., 8 in., wide on Pearl Street, and 28 ft. wide on Bridge Street, from
the State of New York, through Governor Daniel D. Tompkins. — Ibid., LXXXIII: 69.
For a discussion of the buildings on this site before Mr. Grade's occupation, see Vol. i,
Plate 56.
The Battery Park Building covers this site, as well as the site of Nos. 2 and 3.
No. 2
Jacob Steendam, New Amsterdam's earliest poet, lived in this house (which had been
built by Cornells Arissen, from Utrecht) from July, 1653, till July i, 1660, when he gave
a bill of sale of his home and part of his garden to Cornells Langevelt. — Liber HH: 42
(Albany); Liber Deeds, A: 284. ['] It was the first piece of property which he bought
in New Amsterdam, and the last piece which he parted with before his return to Fatherland.
The Plan shows a fair-sized house, with a stable in the rear, and a trim garden with
fruit-trees. Perhaps, not "A very Eden," but a comfortable home, unquestionably. Some-
times the neighbours proved uncongenial. When Jacob Stevensen and his wife lived across
the street, in 1655-6, they annoyed the poet, greatly. — See Block J, No. 8. But all the
available records prove that Steendam led a busy, prosperous, life in the ten years of his
stay here. The first deed recorded under the municipal government of 1653 was the one
conveying a lot (Block O, No. 5) running through from the road to the river, sold by Cornells
van Tienhoven to Jacob Hendricksen Varrevanger, and immediately turned over to
Steendam. — Liber Deeds, A: i. On the next page, is recorded his purchase of Brian New-
ton's large grant (see Key to Dutch Grants, Block L, No. 5). — Ibid., A: 3.
On the first named lot, he built, in 1655, the house which he sold in 1656 to Jan Cor-
nelissen, from Hoorn. During its erection, he had many disputes with the city authorities.
He insisted "that he could build on his lot as he pleased," but finally was forced to yield,
and to " abide by the common laws of this place." — Rec. N. Am., 1 : 275, et seq. (Now No. 61
Stone Street; Block 0, No. 5.) [2]
Jacob Steendam was born in the year 1616, probably at Enkhuizen, in North Holland,
['] The rest of his garden was confiscated to his Royal Highness, May i, 1668, when Steendam "had been absent
and gone of [from] this country for the space of above eight years." — PaUnts, III: 13, (Albany).
[2] For other holdings of Steendam, see Blocks B, C, L, and O, in Key to Map of Dutch Grants.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 271
and was for fifteen years in the service of the Dutch West India Company. In 1641, he
was sent, in the Company's employ, to the coast of Guinea, and, in February, 1642, was
present at the taking of Fort Axem from the Portuguese. Upon his return to Amsterdam,
he published a volume of verse, under the title Den Distelvinck {The Thistlefinch, or The
Goldfinch). Soon afterward, he arrived in New Netherland. In 1659, he sent over, for
publication in Holland, his poem, The Complaint of New Amsterdam to Her Mother. "This
poem," remarks Mr. Henry C. Murphy, "is tjie first attempt of which we have any knowledge
in verse, in the colony." The Praise of New Netherland appeared from Steendam's pen
in 1661. He had left the colony before November of that year {Rec. N. Am., Ill: 401) —
possibly shortly after July, 1660. — Liher Deeds, A: 284.
In 1666, he left Amsterdam, this time for the Orient, having already visited Africa and
America. The Amsterdam Chamber commissioned him as "Visitor of the Sick," at Batavia,
in the island of Java. Arriving at Batavia, October 18, 1666, he continued, by his own
request to the consistory, to Bengal. From thence he returned in January, 1668; in 1671,
he is said to have been "Vader," or superintendent, of the orphan house at Batavia. The
date of his death is unknown.
His wife's name was Sara de Rooschou, who was known as Sara Abrahams in the records
of the Reformed Dutch Church at New York. On the margin of the page is the com-
ment, "left for the East Indies." It is known that she accompanied the poet to Java, and
died there before September, 1673.
Mr. J. H. Innes, in New Amsterdam and its People, has devoted a sympathetic chapter
to New York's*earliest poet.
In the preparation of these notes, the author is indebted to the delightful study of the
poet's life and works to be found in Mr. Murphy's Anthology of New Netherland.
No. 3
Juriaen Blanck's house. This is one of the two houses recited to have been on the grant
of Jacob Jacobsen Roy. — Patents, II: 38 (Albany). It, probably, was the one mentioned
in Roy's will, May 19, 1643. — TV. Y. Col. MSS., II: 58. The gunner registered his will
merely as a precautionary measure — a careful Dutch custom. He was gunner (constapel)
at Fort Amsterdam, a dangerous post, as it proved, for his right arm was badly hurt when a
brass six-pounder burst, April 22, 1645. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 94. He left New Amster-
dam then, and, in 1646, secured a grant of 230 acres on the Kill van Koll {ibid., 371); hence
the name Constapel's Hoeck, which, in the corrupted form of Constable's Hook, is still ap-
plied to that section of New Jersey.
Juriaen Blanck bought the easterly half of Roy's grant. May 26, 1649. He was assessed
here in 1677. — M. C. C, I: 52. His widow, Tryntje Claes, with her married daughter and
a son, still lived here in i686. — Selyns's List, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1841, p. 393.
Skipper Blanck was engaged in trading with the Swedes on the Delaware as early as
1643. — De Vries's Notes, in Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 27-8; Brodhead's Hist. State of N. Y.,
I: 380. In 1645, he sued Jochem Kierstede for damages arising out of a voyage to Rhode
Island. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 98. After he settled at New Amsterdam, however, he
must have given up seafaring, for in all the records there is no name more often mentioned
than his as an arbiter of other people's troubles and a guardian of other people's children.
In 1673, Juriaen Blanck was greatly distressed on behalf of his daughter, Annetje, who
had been most cruelly deceived by one Pieter Groenendijke, alias Pieter Smith, who had
paid court, also, to Maria De Lanoy, and had promised to marry both girls. The court
found that "having falsifyed his fFaith to both hee is incapable of marrying of either of
them." He was condemned to pay to each of the young women one hundred and fifty
272 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
beavers, and the sum of seventy-five beavers as a fine to his majesty. — Exec. Ccun. Min.,
ed. by V. H. Paltsits, I: 169-175.
For Blanck's defective grant on the south side of Pearl Street, see Block J, No. 11. The
Battery Park Building, with part of the open space to the east of it, covers the site of Nos.
I, 2, and 3.
No. 4
If it were possible to reconstruct the town of 1660, Michiel Tadens's little tavern would
fit exactly at the south-west corner of the big eleven story Maritime Building. In its time,
after its own fashion, it, too, was a maritime building, for it numbered many seafaring men
among its patrons. Its proprietor bought and sold yachts and their equipment, profitably
to himself, if not always to the satisfaction of his purchasers. When Anthony van Aalst,
who had bought a sail, mizzen-mast, and rigging, from him, wished to "draw back" from
the bargain, Tadens averred that "what he bought should be at his own risk"- — that "the
sale was final" — and won the suit. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 145, 150. When Paulus Pietersen
left a boat with him to be sold, he had a hard time recovering it through the court; and
Tadens's wife beat the boatman's wife "so that the blood followed" and the neighbours
were scandalised. — Ibid., IV: 171-2, 179.
In 1661, Tadens sold a well-known yacht, "De Liefde," to Jan Jochemsen Val and
Adriaen Symons Baer. — La Chair's Register, in Hoi. Soc. Year Book, 1900, pp. 132, 133.
Altogether, he seems to have been an active and successful ship-broker.
A few years before, in July, 1656, Tadens had serious trouble with the authorities, for
selling liquor to the Indians; the case was referred by the burgomasters to the director-
general and council, who fined Tadens 500 guilders, and banished him from the province.
He was later pardoned, on payment of "25 beavers to the Church," and permitted to reside
on his Long Island farm. — Rec. N. Am., II: 145; Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 170, 171, 172, 176.
Jan Gerritsen, from Buytenhuysen, a baker, occupied the Tadens house in 1663-1665.
No. s
The levelled space between the lots of Michiel Tadens and Claes Bordingh had had a
house upon it in April, 1659. — Recitals in Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan,
127. Sieur Cornells Schut, the wealthy Amsterdam merchant, who represented the estate
of Johannes van Beeck, deceased, which owned the house, did, indeed, live there during
his short stay in America. — Rec. N. Am., I: 317; II: i, 5. He had returned to Holland
by July, 1656. — Ibid., II: 128, 183, 213.
The house, an old one built by Jan Snediger, soon after he obtained his ground-brief
of 1645, had probably fallen into complete decay. The Plan shows that it was demolished
before July, 1660.
No. 6
Claes Claessen Bordingh was in the colony as early as 1647, when he is alleged to have
been engaged in the profitable occupation of smuggling guns at Fort Orange. — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 118. In 1651, he formed a partnership with Pieter Jacobsen Marius, which
continued for many years. He led an uneventfully prosperous career as a merchant trader,
and was cited by Colve as one of the city's rich men. — N. Y. Col. Docs., II: 699. Susanna
Marsuryn, his widow, lived in the old house, in 1686. — Selyns's List, in N. Y. Hist. Soc.
Collections, 1841, p. 393.
Just a half century from the time of Bordingh's purchase, his daughter, Tryntje, wife
of Lucas van Tienhoven, and his other heirs, sold the lot, "with the housing thereupon," to
John Cannon, January 5, 1705. — Liber Deeds, XXVI: 73.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 273
No. 7
George (Joris) Rapalje built this house. He sold it in June, 1654, to Hendrick Hen-
dricksen Obe, who, although he was drummer at Fort Amsterdam, found it convenient
to live at Middleburgh (Newtown) "for the present," and therefore sold it again, in
October, 1654, to Pieter Lucasen, from Goes, in Holland, "skipper of the little craft
called Abraham's Sacrifice." — N. Y. Col. MSS.,lll: lie,; Liber Deeds, h.: 5. However, the
house reverted to the drummer; but it was generally rented out. Hendrick Bosch, who
seems to have moved quite frequently, leased it in April, 1661. — La Chair's Register, m Hol-
land Society Year Book, 1900, p. 133.
When Colve took New York, in August, 1673, one of his first acts was to engage the
services of Hendrick Obe " as City-drummer for fl. 400 zewant, for which he shall serve three
Burgher Companies according to his ability." — Rec. N. Am., VI : 402. As a guilder, seawant,
was worth 13V3 cents, the pay amounted only to $53.33.
Obe sold the house, March 25, 1673, to Luykas van Tienhooven, son of the former
provincial secretary. — Original Book of N. Y. Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913,
p. 8.
No. 8
Claes Jansen, baker, owned a small house on the site of the present No. 19 Pearl Street.
The lot was a narrow one then, as it is now, and encroached on the Rapalje grant. By
1674, Cathalyna, widow of Joris Rapalye, had acquired it; she sold it to Jeremias Jansen
Westerhout, a kinsman of her late husband, February 19, 1674. — Original Book of N. Y.
Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, pp. 19-20. In 1677, Michiel Smith was assessed
here.— M. C. C, I: 52; Liber Deeds, XXI: 146.
For Claes Jansen, baker, see Block F, No. 14.
No. 9
This house, which stood on the exact site of No. 21 Pearl Street, was built between
July, 1645, and July, 1647, by Gillis Pietersen van der Gouw, master carpenter. — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 38. At the period of the Plan, it was owned by Isaac Grevenraet. His sons,
Andries and Henry, sold the property, in May, 1687, to Mme. Aeltje Schepmoes,['] widow
of Jan Evertsen Keteltas. — Liber Deeds, XIII: 301. By that time, a much better house
probably had replaced this one, for the widow paid 7,700 guilders for the property. In
July, following, she married Johannes van Giesen, of Utrecht. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch
Ch., 62; ante-nuptial contract, Liber Deeds, XXV: 46.
For Grevenraet, see Block C, No. 12.
No. 10
This house, built for Cornelis Pietersen, a pilot, and brother of GilHs Pietersen, was,
evidently, one of the most substantial houses on the block. Its garden ran back to "the
plain of the Fort." At the period of the Plan, it was owned and occupied by the great
Huguenot merchant, Jacques Cousseau.
The narrow streets of the Dutch town must have presented a great contrast in his eyes
to the spacious beauty of his native city of La Rochelle. But Cousseau, having determined
to make his fortune in New Amsterdam, lost no time in identifying himself with his adopted
['] "Johannis Van Giesen, Y. M., from Utrecht (Netherland), and Aeltje Schepmoes, (wid. of Jan Evertse
Keteltas'). Received certificate to New York, July II, 1687." — Bergen Records, in Hoi. Soc. Year Book, 1914, p. 64.
274 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
home. He left La Rochelle in 1657, and, after a short stay in Holland, embarked with his
wife, Madeleine du Tulliere, on the "Gilded Beaver," May 17, 1658. On the same ship,
came a fellow countryman, Simon Bouche, whose passage-money Cousseau paid; and also
Jan Gerritsen, from Buytenhuisen, the baker. — MSS. list of Emigrants to NewNetherland,
compiled by James Riker. Within a few days after their arrival, on July 18, 1658, the
baker and the merchant (who always signed himself simply "Cousseau," as though he had
been noble) appeared together in court, and took the burgher's oath. — Rec. N. Am., VII:
190. On August 2d, Cousseau bought this land from the widow of Cors Pietersen, and her
second husband, Frederick Lubbertsen. — Liber Deeds, A: 169.
Unquestionably, Cousseau was a man who could command capital. He soon joined
Cornells Steenwyck as a ship-owner and trader {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 262; General
Entries, I: 86, 133), dealing largely with La Rochelle and with the West Indies. In 1663,
and again in 1665, he was elected schepen. — Rec. N. Am.,YW: 197; V: 184. He was one of
the signers of the articles of capitulation, in 1664. — M. C. C, II: 52.
An incident in the records gives an insight into the character of the man. In 1661,
he summoned a Frenchwoman, Jemima Moreau, to court, for having slandered him, and
demanded "that she shall fall on her knees and ask forgiveness of God, Justice and him."
When asked "what induced her to insult Jacques Cosseau," she entered into a voluble
explanation, which explained nothing. She declared "that he is a Frenchman and that he
presumes too much," and further, that she was not responsible for the mob that collected
about his door, "as they spoke French to one another everybody stopped." The publicity
and clamour evidently annoyed Cousseau extremely. He coldly answered "that he has
but one declaration, that he has been slandered." Jemima was condemned to pay the costs
of the suit and 25 guilders fine. Cousseau replied that "he does not require from her the
costs he incurred, but gave them to the poor of this City." — Rec. N.Avi., Ill: 290-1; IV:
18-20.
Jacques Cousseau bought land at Harlem, and lived there, but for a short time only.
By 1665, he and his wife "had been church members" there, but had gone back to town.
— Riker's Hist, oj Harlem, 246. In February, 1680, he took for his second wife Annetje
Vincent, widow of his friend, Simon Fell. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 46. By Decem-
ber 7, 1682, he had died.
In 1679, Domine Wilhelmus van Nieuwenhuysen (who had married a half-sister of
Cornelis Steenwyck) lived in this house. [ ' ] Here, on Thursday, October 9, 1679, assembled
the four Dutch Ministers, Schaats, Van Nieuwenhuysen, Van Zuuren, and Van Gaasbeeck,
authorised and required by Governor Andros to meet as a Classis to examine Domine
Petrus Tesschenmacker, and "to advance him, if he were found qualified, to the ministry,"
so that he might accept the call to the congregation of the South River. The candidate
passed the examination so "as to command the approbation of all the members. He was
then ordained by Domine van Nieuwenhuysen by the laying on of hands."
This was the first and last ordination in the province of New York. All candidates
for ordination had, thereafter, to make the journey to Europe. The Classis of Amsterdam
wrote: "your Reverences have acted legally, wisely and well in that matter," and "grate-
fully acknowledge that the same has been communicated to us . . . with so well
cut a quill," but it was not repeated. The Anglican Church often urged the establish-
ment of an American Episcopate, yet, even at the time of the Revolution, the popular cry
was "No bishops!"
For a detailed account of this interesting event, see Ecclesiastical Records, I: 724-740.
Site: No. 23 Pearl Street.
['] It was sold by his heirs, in 1708 {Liber Deeds, XXVI: 380).
THE CASTELLO PLAN , 375
No. II
Jochim Pietersen Kuyter had the grant of this lot at the north-west corner of Pearl
and Whitehall Streets. He sold it, unimproved, to Pieter Wolphertsen van Couwenhoven,
March 4, 1652. The latter built the house, and resided here until 1667, at least. — Liber
Mortgages, A: 2, 28, 40; Rec. N. Am., V: 223.
For Pieter Wolphertsen van Couwenhoven, see Block B, No. 9.
Francis Boon had bought the house by January, 1669. Hendrick. Obe then occupied it.
Boon tried to eject him. Obe's attorney, John Sharp, said: "in case the pltf., [Boon] had
not sinisterly bought the house, he would never have got itt." — Rec. N. Am., VI: 163.
When Cornelis van Borsum had acquired it, April 30, 1672, he asked, on behalf of him-
self and his neighbours, for "a Small Slip off ground on the backe side of his house over
against the fforte ... to Make the fFences behinde even." This was granted by
Governor Lovelace, and the block, which, as the Plan shows, sloped abruptly, was "made
even."— iJ^c. N. Am., VI: 368.
BLOCK H
"Stuijvesant's Hoeck where Jan Evert? Bout lives, there are 5." — De SilleList, of 1660.
There were five original patentees south and west of the Fort. Three of these, Lambert
van Valckenbergh, Jan Evertsen Bout, and Sergeant Huybertsen, were to the south of it;
the other two, Paulus Heymanssen and Francis Doughty, were on the west of the Fort,
between it and the river. The Doughty grant had a river front of 18 rods (225 feet), and
must have reached up to the windmill plot.
These grants were all made in the spring of 1647. Doughty's grant is dated April
18, 1649, in the confirmation to Edsal, but he was in possession in 1647. — See Key to Map
of Dutch Grants.
As late as 1657, Charles Morgan's house, which stood on the lower end of the Doughty
grant, was described as "lying west of fort Amsterdam in New Netherland, on the North
River." — Liber Deeds, A: 112. In August, 1658, Paulus Heimans's wife, Tryntje Barens,
mortgaged "her house and lot lying and being in front of Fort Amsterdam in New Nether-
land on the water side." — Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 94.
Less than two years later, as the Plan shows, the two grants west of the Fort had been
wiped out of existence, and the land added to the environs of the Fort, while the block to
the south had been lengthened about 140 ft. Morgan's house (Jan Dircksen Meyer's, No.
5) and Hermans's house (No. 4) were removed to their new positions in this block. The
records which authorise this change have not been found. The minutes covering the period
between September 27, 1658, and August 19, 1659, are missing from the original Dutch
records. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 23??. Probably, with them, the record of this transaction has
been lost.
Stuyvesant evidently considered the destruction of the buildings west of the Fort,
which interfered with the range of his guns, an act of military necessity; and his mandate
directing their removal is believed to have established Stuyvesant's Hoeck — a name new
to history.
Captain Colve, in October, 1673, with the same motive, went further, and obliterated
the entire block under consideration. — Laws y Ord. N. Neth., 482; N. Y. Col. Docs., II:
629-37. As formerly, the settlers were given other property in exchange for that taken
by the government. These transactions are all of record, and are set forth below.
276 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
No. I
In 1656, Isaac Grevenraedt (Greveraet) bought Lambert van Valckenbergh's house
on the corner of the road and the Strand. When he sold it to Pieter Jansen Slott, of
"Mingagquy in New Yarsie," March 23, 1670, there was "an old Tennement" on the
land. — Liber Deeds, B: 170; cf. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672
(translated), 175-6. When the property was confiscated by Colve, Slot asked for "a lot
behind the City Hall." — N. Y. Col. Docs., II: 631. (For Greveraet, see Block C, No.
12.) There is a full and interesting account of Slot in Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 241.
NOS. 2 AND 2-A
Jan Evertsen Bout is said to have lived here. He owned a much better house in Block D
(No. 21), but he lived at Breuckelen the greater part of the time. His domicile in New
Amsterdam seems to have been for business purposes. Before 1672, he had sold the property
to Gerrit Hendricksen, the butcher. — Liber Deeds, A: ill.
When Gerrit's lot was confiscated, he said he had been "ruined by the English" and
was "unable to move." However, William Paterson's house on the Smith's Street (Block Q,
No. 22) was granted to him at an assessment of 2140 florins, and this land credited to him
at 1660 florins; he to pay the balance of 480 guilders. ['] — N. Y. Col. Docs., II: 631.
No. 3
Sergeant Huybertsen, as the ground-brief names him {Liber GG: 221, Albany), was an
Englishman, whose correct name was James Hubbard. He was one of the original patentees
of the town of Gravesend, Long Island. With Lady Deborah Moody, and her husband,
Sir Henry Moody, and George Baxter, he received a charter for that town from Director-
General Kieft, December 19, 1645. — Lazvs ^ Ord., N. Neth., 53. All his interests were
on Long Island. Before 1672, Andries Meyer had become the owner of Huybertsen's
property. — Recitals in Liber Mortgages, A: ill. On the confiscation, he was credited with
860 florins and granted a lot behind the Five Houses in Bridge Street. — N. Y. Col. Docs.,
II: 631-7.
No. 4
Paulus Heymans, of Lej^den, built a house on his grant west of the Fort, in 1653. On
November ist, he sued Nicolas Croon, who had agreed to deliver ten common panes of
glass for the house, but failed to do it, "whereby plft. sufi^ers great cold and inconvenience."
— Rec. N. Am., I: 176. The suit dragged on until the first of the following April, and still
the windows were not glazed. — Ibid., 179. It would seem that the family must, indeed,
have suffered "great cold and inconvenience." Paulus, at this time, was overseer of the
Company's negroes, an office from which he gained his discharge in March, 1654. — Cal.
Hist. MSS., Dutch, 136. His wife, Tryntje Barents, whom he had married February 12,
1645 {Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 13), was confined in the city prison, for some fault not
stated, and there were two children at home. — Min. of Orph. Court, 1 : 226. Paulus obtained
her release, on condition that he confine her in his own house. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 150.
Tryntje died before December 9, 1662, when Heymans procured a license to wed Claesje
Philips, of Muyden. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 28. He seems to have been unfortunate.
In March, 1663, he requests, when sued, "that his creditors may have patience until the
money come into Court for his house and furniture, sold, when every one shall be paid." — •
Rec. N. Jvu,lW: 213-4. The purchaser was one Bartholameus van der Schel, one of the
masons sent from Holland to complete the stone wall around Fort Amsterdam {Cal. Hist.
('] Apparently, a slight discrepancy exists in the records, which debit Hendricksen with only 280 florins.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 277
MSS., Dutch, 192), but, even as late as July 11, 1665, Vander Schel complained "that to
this time he could receive neither conveyance nor deed of the house." — Rec. N. Am., V:
274-
Pieter de Rymer (Riemer) must have taken over Vander Schel's house, though neither
conveyance nor deed is of record. However, he was assessed here, in October, 1665 {ibid.,
V: 223), and his property confiscated in 1673. He remarked, good naturedly, that he was
"willing to remove his house, but requests Muyen's lot or one at the Water side instead."
On payment of 360 florins, he was awarded the house of Pieter Jacobsen Buys, in the Winckel
Straet (Block E, No. 4).— iV. Y. Col. Docs., H: 629-37.
No. s
Jan Dircksen Meyer bought this house, when it stood west of the Fort, in 1657. —
Liber Deeds, k: 112. He was assessed here in 1665. — Rec. N. Am.,V : 223. At the sudden
confiscation, he was bewildered, and "says he knows not whither to turn, but finally re-
quests a lot behind The Five Houses in Bridge-street," which was granted to him, with a
credit of 990 florins. — -N. Y. Col. Docs., H: 629-37.
BLOCK J
No. I
Stuyvesant's Great House. Erected somewhat earlier than February, 1658. — Rec. N-
Am., II: 329; VII: 171-3. Burned after February 23, 1716 {M. C. C, III: 109), and
before the execution of the Burgis View, of 1716-18 (PI. 25). Site: North-west
corner of Whitehall and State Streets, now occupied by the South Ferry Building.
Jan Pietersen, from Amsterdam, had a grant from Director-General Kieft for a parcel of
land here, 5 rods wide by 8 rods long, almost at the water's edge. Theground-brief "is not to
be found on the Register." — Rec. N. Am., VII: 172. It was earlier than April 12, 1647
(see Kierstede's adjoining grant), and, probably, bore the same date as his grant on Long
Island, in the old Williamsburgh section of Brooklyn, that is, March 29, 1647. — N. Y.
Col. Docs., XIV: 68.
Unquestionably, this settler built the first house on this site. His attorneys, Harmen
Smeeman and Thomas Hall, sold his house and lot to Thomas Baxter (deed recorded March
18, 1653, in Liber HH: 20, Albany; Rec. N. Avi., VII: 171). Egbert van Borsum lived
here as Baxter's tenant in February, 1653, although Baxter had not paid for the house in
April, 1653.— Co/. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 124-5; Rec. N. Am., I: 81, 83.
Thomas Baxter, who was an Englishman, obtained a privateer's commission from the
colony of Rhode Island. His name is not on the list of those commissioned May 18, 1653,
but he was no doubt one of the twenty "voluntaries" who received their papers shortly
afterward. — Records of the Colony of Rhode Island (etc.), I: 266. Governor Nicholas
Easton, in a letter dated September 16, 1653, wrote " . . . we are authorized to offend
the enemies of the Commonwealth of England . . . against them only are our Com-
missions granted, and so is Baxter authorized." — Naval Hist, of R.L, in Hist. Mag., January,
1870.
Between April 21 and June 16, 1653, Thomas Baxter was declared an outlaw by the
provincial government of New Netherland, and his property was inventoried and con-
fiscated.— Rec. N. Am., I: 82-3; VII: 172; Powers of Attorney, trans, by O'Callaghan, 11.
Five years later, on February 14, 1658, Petrus Stuyvesant obtained a ground-brief for this
property, on which his house was already built. — Rec. N. Am., II: 329; VII: 171: cf.
Key to Map of Dutch Grants.
278 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
On January 14, 1678, "Judith Stuyvesant, Widdow and Relict of Peter Stuyvesant,
late Governor here for the Dutch" conveyed "All that Messuage, Tenement or Dwelling
house . . . neere the waterside or common wharfe" to Thomas Delavall and William
Darvall, his son-in-law. — Liber Deeds, V: 98 (Albany). Stuyvesant's house was probably
built of stone, for we know from Du Simitiere that in 1768 the stone walls were still standing,
ten feet above ground (Du Simitiere MSS.,inRidgwayBranchof LibraryCo.of Philadelphia),
and in the Burgis View the ruins are evidently of stone.
Jacob Milborne and Samuel Swynock, of London, trustees for the creditors of William
Darvall, conveyed, on March II, 1686, "the Sayde large Messuage . . . and the Create
Ware house and Bake house thereto Adjoyning" to Thomas Dongan, Governor-General
of the Province. John Delavall had already released his rights as his father's heir. —
Liber Deeds., XIII: 250, 258; Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 598.
Governor Dongan refitted Stuyvesant's Great House, which had been allowed to fall
into bad repair. John Delavall had rented the house to various tenants, who had again
sublet. At the time of the sale to Dongan, George Lockhart, "Chirurgeon," occupied it. —
See recitals in Liber Deeds, XIII: 258.
It was Governor Dongan who named the house Whitehall. The earliest mention found
of this name is in a mortgage of Dongan to Lancaster Symes, April 22, 1697. "All that
Capitall Messuage or large Dwelling house . . . Commonly then Called & known by
theNameofWhitehall."— /Z'lW., XXI: 290.
The property was sold by John C. Dongan to Gozen Ryerss, Esq., May i, 1791, for
nineteen hundred pounds. — Ibid., XLVI: 526.
No. 2
This large building, with gables, was built by Nicolaes Verlett, Governor Stuyvesant's
brother-in-law. ['] The ground-brief is not of record, but it was confirmed to him May 8,
1668. — Patents, III: 25 (Albany). A year later. May 13, 1669, he sold the property to
Jacob Leisler {Liber Deeds, B: 155; cf. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers, etc., 1665-
1672, translated, 149): "A certaine lott of ground within this Citty with the Building
thereupon. Lying and being towards the Waterside betweene the house and Lot of the Heer
Petrus Stuyvesant and the howse and lott of the said Jacob Leiseler." Properly trans-
lated, the description should read: "between the houses and lots of Petrus Stuyvesant,"
for he at that time owned the de Sille house (No. 3) as well as his Great House (No. i).
Jacob Leisler's house was the one on the rear of Vander Veen's plot (No. 13), which Leisler
had acquired by his marriage with Vander Veen's widow, Elsie Tymens (see No. 13).
A five-foot passage, for the use of Jacob Leisler, led out to the Strand (Whitehall Street)
from this lot {idem), and, no doubt, there was free access to Pearl Street, through Van
Borsum's lot (No. 12).
When Leisler bought this building, which was directly in front of his own house, and
hides it completely, he demolished it. On the site, he built the large single-gabled house
which is pictured in the Labadist View of 1679-80 (PI. 17).
Between Leisler's new house and the Great House of Stuyvesant, there was left a vacant
space, presumably for a garden. It was assessed to Leisler, July 24, 1677, but it was
"Ordered v' it shall not be built upon as M' May' Informed M' Lewis" (Leisler). — M. C. C,
Nicholas Verlett was appointed commissary of exports and imports and keeper of
the public stores shortly after his marriage. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 183, 184.
With Captain Bryan Newton, he made a treaty of "Amitie & Commerce" with Virginia,
["] He married Anna Stuyvesant, widow of Samuel Bayard, October 14, 1656. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 21.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 279
on Stuyvesant's behalf, in 1660. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 482; Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 217.
He was one of the six additional Great Burghers, who obtained that privilege, January 28,
1658. — Rec. N. Am., II: 315. He was also one of the signers of the Articles of Surrender,
on August 29, 1664. — M. C. C, II: 52.
In 1665, Captain Nicholas Verlett was appointed president of the Bergen Court, which
was composed of the settlements of Bergen, Gemoenepaen (Communipaw), Ahasymes,
and Hooboocken. — Winfield's Hist, of the Co. of Hudson, 94-6; Rec. N. Am., VI: 27.
Site of the present 36-38 Whitehall Street.
No. 3
Nicasius de Sille, first councilor of New Netherland, had a ground-brief for this lot in
1657. Presumably, he built the house, in which his son, Laurens, resided in 1665. — Rec.
N. Am., V: 223.
De Sille sold the property to Nicolas Danielsen Bayart, October 11, 1661. Peter
Stuyvesant had acquired it before May 21, 1669, when he sold it to ChristofFel Hooghlant. —
Liber Deeds, B: 156; cf. Deeds ^ Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664, trans, by O'Callaghan, 205.
Mr. Hooghlant's widow, Tryntje, or Katherine, Kregier, whom he married June 23,
1661 {Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 27), was still living here in 1686. — Selyns's List, in
N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1841, p. 392.
For Nicasius de Sille, see Block L, No. 12.
No. 4
Tomas Lambertsen, of Naerden, married Jannetje Jans, widow of Skipper Juriaen
Andriessen, and with her acquired the house which his predecessor had built. The widow's
determination to remarry, evidenced by the license of November 27, 1654, alarmed her
daughter, Lysbet, the wife of Isaac Greveraet. On the 7th of December, Greveraet and
Daniel Litschoe, guardians of the skipper's young son, appealed to the court, as the "widow
is about to marry again, and the two proclamations have been made," to have the just
claims of the minor children in the matter of their patrimony "recorded, and confirmed
at the Secretary's office of this City, so that it may be found for all time." Daniel Litschoe
and Jacob Strycker were selected by the court, "and being unprovided with any excuse . . .
accepted the same and promised the Court to act honestly therein." — Rec. N. Am., I: 270.
On the next court day, the question arose as to "whether the house and lot, furniture etc.,
should be appraised or sold by auction: or whether the widow shall agree to the purchase
of the children's father's property." Isaak Greveraet was also concerned as to whether
his wife was to share in the inheritance "in addition and together with the [marriage] outfit."
(He and Lysbet had only been married since the spring of 1652.) The burgomasters referred
him "to the Custom and written law of the Fatherland." — Ibid., 273.
Finally, on the i8th of December, 1654, the widow was allowed to purchase the house,
on condition that it "shall be hypothecated in the Secretary's office of this City, before
two Schepens." — Ibid., I: 275. That very day, Jannetje acknowledged that she owed her
minor children, Engeltie and Andries, "six hundred and Sixty six Carolus guilders, thirty
stivers and five and one-third pence," their paternal inheritance. — Mortgages, 1654-
1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 1-2. She mortgaged the house as security. — Idem. Greveraet
and his wife pressed their claim, too. On May 10, 1655, Lambertsen placed another mort-
gage on the house, in favour of Isaac Greveraet, to secure Lysbet her portion, of 352 guilders.
— Ibid., 1-2, 4.
Lambertsen was reallv more interested in his affairs at Breuckelen than in New Amster-
28o THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
dam {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 247), although he retained this property until July 26, 1684. —
Liber Deeds, XIII: 53.
No. 5
The property of Pieter Jacobsen Marius, from Hoogwout. Rem Jansen van Jeveren,
a smith, built the house, probably earlier than 1650, as he was then living at Fort Orange. — -
Fan Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 841. Marius purchased it in October, 1657. — Liber Deeds,
A: 95. In September, 1770, his descendants, Silvester Marius Groen, Jacob Marius Groen,
and Mary Lawrence, still owned the property. — Liber Mortgages, III: 24. Formerly known
as No. 4 Pearl Street, it is now included in the Chesebrough Building.
Pieter Jacobsen Marius was a ship carpenter, but he acquired his large fortune in trade.
He loaned money on goods and chattels of every kind, from a few yards of duffels to a yacht,
or a house. It was on his suit, rigidly pressed, against Jacob Wolphertsen van Couwenhoven,
that the Old Church on the Strand was sold. — Rec. N. Am., II: 153-4, IS4''- He married,
November 13, 1655, Marritje Pieters, from Amsterdam, daughter of Pieter Cornelissen.
Her sister, Debora, was married to Warner Wessels, April 10, 1667. — Marriages in Ref.
Dutch Ch., 20, 32. He was an alderman of the city from 1677 to 1682. — M. C. C, I: 63,
69, 74; VIII: 146, 148.
In 1693, when the city had a gold cup made to present to Governor Fletcher, Pietei'
Jacobsen Marius supplied the necessary twenty ounces of gold, at a cost of £106. The
rents of the ferry had to be set aside until that sum was "fully Paid And Satisfied." —
Ibid., I: 326.
On February 2, 1702, Marius wrote a letter to the consistory of the Dutch Reformed
Church, offering them a hundred pounds to be placed at interest, the income to supply
any deficiency in the minister's salary, "Since the Lord God has brought me out of blind
Popery, to the true Christian faith here in this city." — Eccles. Rec, III: 1518.
Marius died between February 2, 1702, and March 12, 1703. — Idem.
No. 6
This, the more westerly of the two houses on De Ruyter's grant, was owned by Nicholas
Verlett, in 1660. It was sold to William Pattison (Paterson), a Scotchman, in 1668 (recitals
in Liher Deeds, XIII: 82); confiscated by Governor Colve, in October, 1673, and regranted
to Jacobus Vandewater, in place of his house {N. Y. Col. Docs., II: 629-36), at which time
it was assessed at 3,340 guilders (^1,336). Pieter Jacobsen Marius added it to his ad-
joining property, November 24, 1685. — Liber Deeds, HIW: 112.
No. 7
The house of Claes Jansen, from Naerden (de Ruyter), stood on the easterly half of the
grant of 1644 (present Nos. 10-12 Pearl Street).
Claes Jansen, from Naerden, a house carpenter, thirty-three years of age, signed an
agreement with Kiliaen van Rensselaer, August 26, 1636, "to sail in God's name to New
Netherland in the small vessel which now lies ready" — the "Rensselaerswyck." — Van
Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 676. For some reason, he and his wife, Pietertje Jans, did not
leave Holland until September, 1637, arriving in New Amsterdam March 28, 1638, in
"den Harinck," the same vessel which brought Director Kieft. — Ibid., 351. Like many
of Van Rensselaer's colonists, De Ruyter disappointed the patroon. He failed to oversee
the building of the mill and church, and obtained permission to leave Rensselaerswyck on
a false promise to give Van Rensselaer half of his earnings at the Manhattans. — Ibid., 327,
351, 456, 4S2, 505, 511, 663, 676, 816.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 281
Although he was in New Amsterdam as early as May, 1640 {ibid., 816), he seems to
have resided principally at Breuckelen, where he had a farm in the neighbourhood of Jorale-
mon Street, between Court Street and the East River. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 147M.
De Ruyter's wife, Pietertje Jans, and his partner, Harmen Douwesen, evidently ran De
Ruyter's affairs to suit themselves, both in New Amsterdam and on Long Island. The many
entries in the Records about their dealings with their fellow settlers and with the Indians are
quaint and interesting. Some of their trading adventures were of dubious integrity, and not
always profitable. De Ruyter secured an appointment as Indian interpreter, March i,
1660, and was absent in the Esopus until June, 1661. A month later, on July 15, he
took part in a tavern brawl, at the Blue Dove:
Before the Board appeared Lodowyck Pos, who is asked, what he had to do at night at the
house of the Blue Dove with quarrelling and scolding and allowing his sword to be taken from him;
he answers, he came there by accident and is reprimanded and expressly charged, to guard against
the recurrence of such things, look after his belongings and remain with his wife and children.
He is asked, who has been there, and says, Jeremias Jansen, Wernaar Wessels, the hatter, Jan de
Ruyter, the servant of Nicolaas the carter and that the trouble and quarrel arose between Joghins
the shoemaker's man, who is a soldier, and Jan de Ruyter, that a sailor of the ship the Trouwe
(Faith) and others separated them and that the gunner of the Moesman and Anthony Karelsen
made the most trouble: that a ship's boy took the sword into his hand and that the sergeant with
the soldiers drank four bottles of brandy at Jan de Ruyter's. — Exec. Min. of Burgomasters, in
Min. of Orph. Court, II: 95.
The Blue Dove seems to have been the house of Jan de Ruyter. This is the only
reference found to this tavern. On September 30, 1661, De Ruyter's partners all joined
in a deed conveying this house to Tomas Fransen. — Liher Deeds A: 244; Cal. Hist. MSS.,
Dutch, 207, 212, 225. Claes Jansen de Ruyter died before March, 1663. — Rec. N. Am.,
IV: 214. His widow was married to Albert Andriessen, of Albany. (See Block R, No. i.)
No. 8
This plot of ground is shown as vacant on the Plan — an evidence of the accuracy of
this survey. It was sold to Jacques Cousseau at public sale, April 10, 1659. Before the
deed was recorded, July 31, 1659, the buildings had been "pulled down" by Cousseau (so
recited in Liher Deeds, A: 171).
The old house had harboured some very undesirable citizens, of whom the neighbours,
Jan Schepmoes, Jacob Steendam, and others, frequently complained. Under date of May
31, 1655, the record says:
Whereas this day a remonstrance has been made to the Schout, Burgomasters and Schepens
of this City against the wicked, enormous, beastly, dreadful and immoral lives of Jacob Steven-
sen and Mary Joosten, his wife, who came recently hither from Patria; . . . Therefore
. . . the Magistrates knowing and criticising their behaviour, the said Jacob Stevensen and
Mary Joosten are hereby, for the second and last time, ordered and by the Court Messenger
cautioned to henceforth conduct themselves in such wise that no complaints be made against
them to the Court by the Commonalty or their neighbours. — Rec. N. Am., I: 317.
On November 20, 1656, "the HonW^ Jacob Strycker" complained that the "chimney
of Jacob Stevensen's house in Pearl Street was neither repaired or pulled down
he is the next neighbour and nothing else is to be expected, not only by him but by the
whole street, but a sudden destruction by fire." — Ibid., II: 230.
The threat of the authorities to deport the Stevensens (ibid., I: 317) may have been
put into execution; they do not appear again on the records.
(For Cousseau, see Block G. No. 10.)
2S2 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
NOS. 9, g-A, AND lO
These three houses stood on the grant of Jan Jansen Schepmoes, who came out with his
family in the "Dolphin," in 1638. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 31. In 1648, he was a tapster
in New Amsterdam. — Rec. N. Am., 1:8. In January, 1656, Schepmoes died, leaving his
widow, Sara Pietersen, with eight children. [■] This large family of small children proved
to be, however, no obstacle to her remarriage. On October 24, 1656, she announced that
she intended to marry Willem Koeck (William Thomas Cock, or Cook), an Englishman. — •
Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 39-41. For each of the children she set
apart 100 guilders, secured by a mortgage on the house (No. 9) then leased "by the Worsh"
Schepen Jacob Strycker." — Idem.; Min. of Orph. Court, trans, by O'Callaghan, 24-5. The
rear house (No. 10) may have been built by Cock. He sold it to Francois Allard, July,
1659. [^] — Liber Deeds, A: 166. Allard, when a cadet in the Company's service, in
1655, was accused of having received some goods stolen by a soldier, and was sentenced
to be stripped of his arms and banished from the country forever. — Cal. Hist. MSS.,
Dutch, 148, 149. Evidently, this sentence was never carried out. Allard married and
settled down. On a certain Sunday morning, he was arrested for cutting wood. He
admitted the offense, and said "he did so to kindle the fire and to make it burn, as the
children complained of the cold." — Rec. N. Am., IV: 342. This house must have reverted
to Cock. In 1727, one Dirck Kock, grandson and heir of William Kock, sold the entire
property. — Liber Deeds, XXXI: 252. What became of the interests of the Schepmoes
children has not been ascertained. The building at No. 16 Pearl Street stands on the
exact site.
No. II
Present Number 18 Pearl Street.
Gillis Pietersen van der Gouw, as he was usually called (he was from Gouda), built
this house about 1647, on the grant of Teunis Jansen, the sailmaker (see No. 12). He failed to
have his deed from the sailmaker registered. Consequently, he had to defend his title
twenty years later; which he did, successfully. — Rec. N. Am., VI: 73. Gillis Pietersen
worked as a carpenter for the West India Company during Van Twiller's administration,
and was appointed master carpenter June 3, 1638. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 62. His report,
under date of March 22, 1639, of the improvements made in the colony during Van Twiller's
regime, is one of the most informing early documents that we have. — N. Y. Col. Docs.,
XIV: 16.
In July, 1642, Pietersen married Elsie Hendricks, daughter of Hendrick Jansen, the
tailor, who so bitterly opposed Kieft and his administration. Both Kieft and Jansen were
lost on the "Princess Amelia," September 27, 1647. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 83.
During 1655, the house was rented to Jean Paul Jacquet, who had arrived in New
Amsterdam early in that year with his family, coming from Brazil, where he had long
served the Company. He immediately became a tapster here {Rec. N. Am., I: 301), and
fire inspector of the town. — Ibid., 304. He later accompanied Stuyvesant on the expedition
to the South River, where he was left as vice-director and commander-in-chief at Fort
Casimir, December 3, 1655. — O'CzWzghan's Hist, of N. Neth., 11: -^2^. His New Amsterdam
lease expired May 16, 1656, when Paulus Schrick hired the house. Catalyntje Verbeeck,
Adriaen Woutersen's wife, had been a sub-tenant under Jacquet, and she positively refused
to move out for Schrick, declaring that she had been told "that she should remain in the
house in case the owner thereof did not come." This was not convincing to the court,
['] See Chronology, under March 29, 1656, for Sarah Pietersen's claim to the bell at the City Hall.
[2] Berthold Fernow identifies Francois Allard as a son of Allard Anthony.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 283
but the proceeding ends just there. — Rec. N. Am., II: 101-2. In later years (1664-1668),
Hendrick Bosch, the cutler, who afterward bought Claes van Elslant's house (Block R,
No. 3), was a tenant here, while Gillis Pietersen was at Fort Orange. — Register of Walewyn
Van Der Veen, trans, by O'Callaghan, 113.
No. 12
Gillis Pietersen (who built No. 11) also built this house. He sold it to Egbert van
Borsum, July 29, 1647. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 39.
Egbert van Borsum was a sailor. In 1642, he is referred to as a "skipper" of the West
India Company. — Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 715. He seems to have been in charge
of the Company's yachts and other small vessels. Arent van Curler mentions him as
follows: "Egbert Van Borsem who brought me in his sloop to the santpunt." — Ibid., 719, 720.
After the directors of the West India Company had given to the burgomasters and schepens
the privilege of farming out the ferry to Breuckelen, on May 18, 1654 {Rec. N. Am., I: 218),
Van Borsum became its first lessee, under the ordinance of July i, 1654. — Laws iff Ord.,
N. Neth., 162-5; ^- Y- ^o^- Docs., XIV: 269. The following April, he contracted with
Jan Cornelissen [Cleyn], Abram Jacobsen, and Jan Hendricksen to construct a house for
him at his ferry, to cost 550 guilders. — Powers of Attorney, trans, by O'Callaghan, 136-7.
(See the suit between Van Borsum and Jan Cornelissen, in Rec. N. Am., I: 311.) Van
Borsum farmed the ferry until the end of May, 1661. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 421. After
he had given it up, he continued to rent out boats and scows, as a means of livelihood. — -
Rec. N. Am., V: 24-25; VI: 181. Van Borsum's marriage, on December 11, 1639, to
Annetje Hendricks, is the first one entered in the records of marriages in the Reformed
Dutch Church. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 10.
No. 13
' The property of Pieter Cornelissen vander Veen. One of the few ground-briefs granted
to a woman was that for the plot granted to Maritje Jansen, widow of Dirck Cornelissen
vander Veen, May 17, 1648. At that time, it was on the corner of Pearl Street and the
shore road. Later, the block was extended eastwardly, so that the grants of De Sille and
Verlett intervened between her land and the water-side. Elsje Tymens, Maritje's daughter
by her first husband, Tymen Jansen, married Pieter Cornelissen vander Veen, probably
a kinsman of her late stepfather, on January 7, 1652. Her mother conveyed this house
to Elsie's husband by a deed recorded October 15, 1653. — Liber HH: 51 (Albany). It
may have been part of her marriage portion. The house is not imposing, as shown on the
Plan, yet Pieter Cornelissen vander Veen alleged (March 15, 1657) that "he has incurred
great expence on his dwelling house at the corner oi Pearl Street, and is about to make greater
improvements as an ornament thereunto," and asks "that a Square may remain and be
made by resolution there." — Rec. N. Am., VII: 147. Next court day, he was informed
that "his Hon^ [Stuyvesant] says the aforesaid Square was disposed of, long before the
distribution of the lots was granted to the Burgomasters, and therefore does not belong to
their Worships. The Burgomasters, therefore, refer the petition, if dissatisfied, to the
Hon''''' Director General and Council." — Ibid., 148-9.
Vander Veen, probably, felt that no appeal would lie against this decision, which was
not strictly truthful, according to the records. He abandoned his intention of further
ornamenting his residence, and sold it to Pieter Wolphertsen van Couwenhoven, October 6,
1660. — Liber Deeds, A: 218.
Vander Veen died before September 27, 1661 {Rec. N. Am.,\\\: 361), leaving his widow
284 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
with three small children, Cornelis, Tymen, and Grietje. — Min. of Orph. Court, 1: i()^-6.
She married Jacob Leisler, March i8, 1663. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 28.
The Leisler home was not on this corner, as has been often stated. Elsie and her
children lived in a house which was on the rear of her grant, and is not shown on the Plan.
Verlett's house (No. 2) may hide it. In May, 1669, Jacob Leisler bought from Nicolaes
Verlet (see No. 2). He then had a house "on the Strand," as Selyns's List attests. — See
recitals in Liber Deeds, A: 266; ibid., B: 45.
Pieter Cornelissen vander Veen led a quiet, useful, life. He was one of the schepens
in 1656-7-8. — Rec. N. Avi., II: 28, 285, 321. He was granted the great burgherright
in January, 1658 {ibid., II: 315), and was made churchwarden in February of the same
year. — Ibid.,\\: 336.
No. 14
"The Schrijers Hoeck where Michiel Jansen lives [there are] 2." — De Sille's List, of 1660.
Michiel Jansen, from Schrabbekercke ('s Heer Abtskerke, in the Province of Zeeland),
sailed from the Texel in May, 1638, in "het Wapen Van Noorwegen," arriving in New
Amsterdam August 4, 1638. His wife and two farm servants accompanied him. — Van
Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 818. He went directly to Rensselaerswyck, where he remained
until 1646, when he came to New Amsterdam with a fortune — according to Van Tienhoven.
— Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 375. His career in the north is interestingly set forth in the
Van Rensselaer Bozvier MSS. The patroon, writing to Van Curler, says of Jansen, "I
think he is one of the most upright farmers in the colony ... He writes most politely
of all"— Ibid., 489.
On September 25, 1647, a few months after he came to New Amsterdam, Michiel Jansen
was elected one of the original Nine Men. — Laws iff Ord., N. Neth., 75-8. He was one of
the signers of the Vertoogh, which was written in his house on the Marckvelt Steegie (Block D,
No. 21).
The bouwery at Pavonia, which he had bought from Jan Evertsen Bout, was destroyed
in the Indian troubles of September, 1655. — A^. Y. Col. Docs., XII: 98-9. In the first
horror of that event, when the record affirmed: "everything there is burned and everybody
killed except the family of Michiel Hansen [sic]" (xW^m.), he fled to New Amsterdam with
his wife and six children. As he desired "to gain a living, like the other inhabitants of
this place, by doing something or another" {N. Y. Col. Docs., XIII : 61), he asked permission
to tap, November 22, 1655, "as he has in this recent disaster been driven off and lost his all,
and in addition is an old man with a large family." — Rec. N. Am., I: 405. As he was but
forty-five years old {Van' Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 499), he seems to have been unduly
depressed. His plea for the grant of a small lot next to Martin Clock's (as set forth in
N. Y. Col. Docs., XIII: 61) is indeed pathetic. The council granted that lot to him, but
annulled the grant, substituting this one, February 15, 1656. — Idem.
He had bought "the frame of a house" at Hoboocken from Nicholas Verlett, for 230
florins. The question of getting it across the river arose. On March 28, 1656, Verlett
asked the council for a guard of six or eight soldiers. The council replied that it was inad-
visable at that time — "the savages would again get excited, the more so, as the savages
pretended . . . that the said house barring the nails, belonged to them." — N. Y. Col.
Docs.. XIII: 67. However, the tavern was completed by October 23, 1656, when Schout
de Sille "visited around and discovered ... in the evening, after bell ring some
soldiers and sailors drinking, . . ." Jansen admitted that "two soldiers sat and played
at backgammon, and that there were 3 sailors, who waited for their skipper," but pleaded
"that nine o'clock had only struck." — Rec. N. Am., II: 194, 231.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 285
On February 10, 1661, Michiel Jansen and others petitioned the provincial council
"that a proper road may be laid out in front of their lots on the strand." — Cal. Hist. MSS.,
Dutch, 221. The Plan seems to have anticipated this improvement; although, perhaps,
the actual roadway was out of repair, and was rebuilt at this time. Although he pros-
pered, and bought other land in the city (see Block M, Nos. 17 and 20), Jansen's heart was
in Pavonia. On September 5, 1661, when the first civic government in that colony was
established, he was a member of it. He became one of the first schepens of the village of
Bergen. — Laws i^ Ord., N. Neth., 403-4. His name is included among those carved on
the base of the Stuyvesant statue which was unveiled in Bergen Square, October 18, 1913,
on the occasion of the celebration of Bergen's two hundred and fiftieth anniversary.
Michiel Jansen Vreeland's descendants are numerous in North Jersey. He died between
December 28, 1662, and June 18, 1663. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XHI: 234, 252.
His widow, Fytje Harmens, was living at Communipaw when the Labadists visited
her, on Friday, October 27, 1679. They "could discover that there was something of the
Lord in her, but very much covered up and defiled." However, they continue: "We dined
there, and spoke to her of what we deemed necessary for her condition." — Journal of Jasper
Danckaerts, ed. by James and Jameson, 82.
The building at No. 12 State Street exactly covers the site of Michiel Jansen Vreeland's
tavern.
No. IS
Jacob StofFelsen, who had married the widow of Cornells van Vorst, of Pavonia, in
1639-40 {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 6, 73), procured a grant here from Stuyvesant, which is
not recorded. He probably erected this building for a warehouse, for he undoubtedly
lived across the Hudson River.
Jacob StofFelsen, of Zierickzee, in the Province of Zeeland, was overseer of the Com-
pany's negroes in 1639. — Ibid., 6. He was chosen as one of the Board of Twelve Men,
August 29, 1641 (N. Y. Col. Docs., I: 415), and his name appears on the list from which
the Eight Men were selected in the fall of 1643. — Ibid., I: 193.
His house and barns at Pavonia were burned by the Indians, October i, 1643, and his
little step-son carried into captivity, according to De Vries, who says that he procured the
boy's release. — De Vries's Notes in Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 233-4. For his second wife,
StofFelsen, on August 17, 1657, chose Tryntje Jacobs, widow of Jacob Walingsen van
Winkle, with whom he acquired six more step-children. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 22;
Min. of Orph. Court, I: 38.
On June 26, i666, his wife appeared for him in a court proceeding, "since the deft.,
being powerless, is incapable of coming here in person and taking the oath." — Rec. N. Am.,
VI: 22. He probably died soon afterward. His widow married Michiel Tadens. Their
license is dated June 17, 1668, in the Reformed Dutch Church Book. — -Marriages in Ref.
Dutch Ch., 33. The Bergen Record says that they were married June 8, i668.['] — Hoi.
Soc. Year Book, 1914, p. 57.
Jan Evertsen Keteltas bought the property from Tadens's heirs, September 26, 1674. —
Original Book of N. Y. Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, pp. 45-6. The south-
east corner of the Chesebrough Building, No. 15 Pearl Street, marks the site. The angle
in the building follows the fence line between this land and Michiel Jansen's lot (No. 14).
[>] If June 17 were new style, as used by the Dutch, and June 8 old style, as used by the English, then their
license would be one day earlier than their marriage.
286 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
BLOCK K
No. I
The Rev. Samuel Drisius, in 1660, still owned all of his original grant in this block,
except one of the houses on the Cingel, which he had sold to Tamis Davidts (Thomas
Davids), May 27, 1660. — Patents, III: 38 (Albany); deed recorded September 28, 1664;
Liber Deeds, B: 49; cf. Deeds y Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664, trans, by O'Callaghan, 147.
His lands extended east along Wall Street, as far as the present No. 45, and south along
Broad Street, to a point about 75 feet north of Exchange Place.
As the Plan shows, he had built four houses on each street, while the interior of the
block was laid out as a garden and orchard; as late as 1687, this was still the orchard of
Elizabeth Drisius. — Liber A: 34, in Comptroller's Office.
"Mother Drissius" was taxed here in 1677, for "ijo foot front along y' Wall fitt for to
build" {M. C. C, I: 55), i. e., the lots shown on the Plan between the corner of Wall and
Broad Streets, where now the banking house of J. P. Morgan & Co. stands, and the first
small house on Wall Street, east of Broad.
Lysbet Grevenraet, of Amsterdam, married, first, Isaac de Riemer, of Amsterdam;
second, Elbert Elbertsen, who was drowned in the North River while trying to board the
"Bontekoe," in November, 1655 {Min. of Orph. Court, I: 2), and, finally, Samuel Drisius,
February 14, 1659. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 23. She was a sister of Isaac Grevenraet.
— Powers of Attorney, trans, by O'Callaghan, 143 . Four of her children by her first husband
survived her: Margaretta, who married Cornelis Steenwyck, after May 11, 1658, and
Domine Henricus Selyns, October 20, 1686; Mactell, who married Jaspar Missepadt
(Nessepot), October 14, 1685; Pieter, and Huybert. — Liber Deeds, XXVI: 280; Marriages
in Ref. Dutch Ch., 22, 58, 61.
No. 2
The property of Jan Jansen, from Languedyck (Languedoc), who was taxed here in 1665
{Rec. N. Am., V: 221) and in 1677. — M. C. C, I: 55. Site: No. 45 Wall Street.
No. 3
Abraham Kermell (or Kermer) bought this lot from the city, after Jan Jansen Damen
and the brother of Jacob Strycker had both failed to improve it. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 166;
Min. of Orph. Court, II: 171, 172. He was taxed here in 1665. — Rec. N. Am., V: 222.
In 1677, Jacob Smyth, turner, was the owner. — M. C. C, I: 155; recitals in Liber Deeds,
XXVI: 163. "
No. 4
No. 49 Wall Street. Hendrick Jansen Sluyter was a soldier in the Company's service
as early as 1655. He was known by the sobriquet of "Blue Coat." For a time, he served
the city as a watchman, but was dismissed from this position in January, 1659. — Rec. N. Am.,
VII: 208. Soon afterward, he and his wife were participants in a disgraceful street brawl,
which shocked the community so greatly that Sluyter had to promise to send his wife back
to Holland. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 23. However, like many sentences of the day, this was
not carried out. Hendrick " Bluecoat" died, and his widow voluntarily departed for Holland
with her children, March 12, 1663. — Min. of Orph. Court, trans, by O'Callaghan, 320.
She was offered 600 guilders ("about {^240) for the little house on the Plan.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 287
No. 5
This was the small dwelling of Cornelis Hendricksen, of Putten, known as "Tambour."
The drummer was employed in New Amsterdam as one of the Company's labourers at the
warehouse and dock. He married Styntje Hermans, of Amsterdam, May 14, 1655. — Rec. N.
Am., V: 123, 224; VII: 146; Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 19.
This was vacant land on the tax-list of 1677, "The other Corner old house & ground
front to y° Wall 22 foot to y^ street 26." — M. C. C, I: 55.
No. 6
Arent Lourens, "residing at the village of Bergen," owned this property. — Liber HH
{2): 112 [AWiany); Liber Deeds, B:62; cf. Mortgages, 1664-1675, trans, by O'Callaghan, 31.
He did not receive his ground-brief until May, 1662. The tax-list of 1665 gives Jan Wouter-
sen (Van der Bos) as the owner of the property, the deed to him being found in Liber Deeds,
B: 95; cf. Book of Records of Deeds isf Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 39. Arent
Lawrence took the oath of allegiance at Bergen, November 22, 1665. — A'^. /. Archives, 1st
series, I: 49. Present No. 39 William Street.
No. 7
Janneken Bonus, daughter of Claes Boone, of Amsterdam, came to New Netherland
with her first husband, Urbane Leursen. After his death (he was probably lost on the
"Princess Amelia," in September, 1647, for he had served on board of her), she married, on
October 17, 1649, Tobias Teunissen {Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 15), and went to live on
his bouwery at Harlem. Here, in September, 1655, they were attacked by the Indians;
Teunissen was murdered, and Janneken and her children were made captives. — Riker's
Hist, of Harlem, i8o. Some time before February, 1658, Janneken was granted this lot on
the Smee Straet. — Rec. N. Am., II: 243; VII: 176. It was patented to her in 1662 (recital
in Patents, II: 173, Albany), by which time she had made a third matrimonial venture.
In June, 1659, she and Thomas Verdon appeared before the orphan-masters, to have guard-
ians appointed for her four children, three of whom were the children of Urbanus, and the
fourth, a little fellow of eight years, the son of Tobias Teunissen. — Min. of Orph. Court,
I: 93-4. After her last marriage, she lived peacefully in Brooklyn, where she and her
third husband joined the church, in 1661. — Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 182. They were both
still living in September, 1672, when they sold the property to Daniel Ternier (Tourneur). —
Liber Deeds, B: 202; cf. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated),
230-1. Site: No. 35 William Street.
No. 8
In December, 1657, Albert Jansen, who had received a lot from the burgomasters,
announced his intention of building before the following May, and undertook to pay the
treasurer. Then came the general survey of the city, which, by the cutting through of
Tuyn Street, left him but a small triangular piece of land on the south side of the street.
(See Map of Dutch Grants and Key thereto.) On February 28, 1658, he asks for an adjoin-
ing lot, "as he is about to build a small house and his lot is too little," and is granted the
lot "next Jannetie Bone's lot, on condition of paying what it is valued at." — Rec. N. Am.,
II: 343; VII: 165, 176. Before February 26, 1659, he had died. His widow applied to the
orphan-masters for the appointment of guardians for her five little children, Catryn, eight
years old; Margarytje, "who will be 6 at harvest;" Elsie, almost five years; Marritje,
nearly three years, and Jan, one year. — Min. of Orph. Court, I: 76. She and her little folks
288 THE ICOxNOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
still lived here, in the "small house," in October, 1660, when the burgomasters' deed was
patented to her. — Liber HH (2): 116 (Albany). Now the north-west corner of William
Street and Exchange Place.
BLOCK L
No. I
The Garden of Augustine Herrman. When the Smee Straet was cut through, under
the ordinance of 1656 {Laws & Ord. N. Neth., 219), this orchard was in the possession of
Allard Anthony, who demanded satisfaction from the city "for the survey through his
garden." — Rec. N. Am., VII: 159. Two years later, Herrman requested leave to lay out
his garden; he was told that he must first satisfy Allard Anthony for costs incurred on
the garden, and that, having done this, he might lay it out and sell it. — Ibid., VII: 231.
Subsequently, Jacques Cortelyou laid out seven lots on a map dated August 28, 1660,
and several of them were sold at that time. — See Map of Dutch Grants and Key thereto.
One of the lots has retained its identity for more than two hundred and fifty years. The
Van Nostrand building. No. 23 William Street, stands on this lot — No. 6 of the old map.
Lots I to 5 are covered by the Corn Exchange Building. Lord's Court occupies lot No. 7
and the remainder of the garden.
No. 2
The little cottage and garden of Pieter Pietersen, the Menist, or Mennonite, which, too,
were owned by Augustine Herrman, whose tenant Pietersen seems to have been. — Liber
Deeds, A: 250. From the fact that Pieter, on May 16, 1661, witnessed the sale of an anker
of brandy to a customer of Verveelen's {Register of Solomon Lachaire, trans, by O'Callaghan,
105), it is inferred that he worked in the brewery. He may, however, have been the carpenter
of the same name who acquired the small burgherright. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 153. The rear
part of the plot, on which eight small trees are growing, was exchanged by Herrman for a
whole farm on Long Island; at least, Symon Joosten so asserts in his litigation over the lot.
Before Smee Straet was cut through, Joosten had bargained for a parcel, 50 x 100 feet,
which was ruined by that city improvement. In exchange, he was obliged to take a piece
of the same dimension in the rear of the Menist's plot, which he in disgust conveyed a
few months later to Johannes de la Montagne. — Liber Deeds, A: 59, 88; Rec. N. Am., II:
160, 167, 183.
No. 3
"de Brouwerije vande Roode Leeuw." — De Sille List, of 1660.
Just when, or by whom, the Red Lion Brewery was built is not a matter of record.
The indications are that Isaac de Forest began the business here; that before August, 1660,
Joannes Verveelen was his partner in the brewery (recitals in Liber Deeds, A: 214), and
that the de la Montagnes, father and son, had some interest in the business. The land
on which it stood was patented to Joannes de la Montagne, Sr., April 22, 165 1, and was
conveyed to "de Foreest" by deed recorded December 29, 1661. — Ibid., A: 253. When
De Forest turned it over to the Verveelens, Joannes and Daniel — February 14, 1662 — he
declared that he acted "as well for himself as in quality of Agent of Mr Joannes de la
Montagne Junior," and he conveyed "his certain right in the Brewery brewing apparatus
and dependencies thereof, together with his and the above mentioned Montagne's lot." — •
Ibid., A: 255. This was, evidently, a leasehold. Before 1670, De Forest had become the sole
THE CASTELLO PLAN 289
owner of the land; in this year he conveyed the rear part of the plot to Frederick Arentsen,
a turner. — Original Book of N. Y. Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, pp. 54-5.
In July, 1675, his widow, Sara, sold to Thomas Verdon, mariner, "Just the halfe or equall
breadth of my Erve [garden] next the Street, (Except) the going or passage of Eight foote
w'^'^ going is to bee cut off between both Erves. The true length & breadth thereof as in
Jacques Corteleau's middle breefe is specified. . . ." — Ibid., ^6~j.
Indisputably, this was the date of the demolition of the building, through the very
centre of the site of which the passage was to be cut. Probably, it had not yet been erected,
in September, 1656, as the deed of that date to the property on the west side recites no
brewery. — Liber Deeds, A: 72.
Joannes Verveelen gave up his interests here, and removed to Harlem, where he was
magistrate, November 17, 1663 {Register of N. Neth., 97), and ferry-master between that
village and Fordham, July 9, 1667 {Rec. N. Am., VI: 83-4), a position which he held until
King's Bridge was built, in 1693; although the ferry was removed to Spuyten Duyvil in
1669. — Exec. Coun. Min., ed. by V. H. Paltsits, I: 222—30.
Daniel Verveelen continued brewing at the sign of the Red Lion, and, in October, 1666,
incautiously sent to his father at Harlem two half-barrels of strong beer, which had not
paid excise. AUard Anthony, the schout, discovered it there, summoned Joannes before
the magistrates, and demanded that he be fined twenty pounds sterling and costs, and
that the beer be confiscated. The Worshipful Court found the defendant not guilty of
smuggling the beer, but fined him 25 guilders and costs, because he said "he did not know
the pltf. [Anthony] as Schout, but well as Sherif," which remark "tends to the lowering
of the pltf."— iJ^f. N. Am., VI: 37.
On the next court day, Allard Anthony summoned Daniel Verveelen before their honors.
His wife's plea, that it had "occurred thro' mistake," did not save him; he was fined 220
guilders, of which the city received 100 guilders, the sheriff 100 guilders, and the informer
20 guilders. — Ibid.,Yl: 38.
The location of the brewery is now covered by the buildings at 47, 49, and 51 Beaver
Street.
No. 4
The comfortable house of Albert the Trumpeter, on the site of Nos. 37 and 39 Beaver
Street.
Albert Pietersen, of Hamburg, was in New Amsterdam as early as 1641, for he married
here, on July 28 of that year, Marritje Pieters, of Copenhagen. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch
Ch., 10. In 1654, he petitioned for leave to sell beer and wine by the small measure {Rec.
N. Am., I: 269), probably at his old house on the west side of the Graght, south of the
Marckvelt Steegh (see Block D, No. 17).
In the later part of 1655, he moved to this house on the Prince Straet, where he resided
until September 30, 1673, when he sold it to Mr. Gabriel Minvielle. — Original Book of
N. Y. Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, pp. 16-17. In the deed, which he signed
as "Albert Pietersz Swart Trompetter," he is referred to as "burgher and inhabitant of
this City."
According to the tax-list of 1677, "Capt Nicolls" occupied in that year "y° hous of
Albert y= Trumpet^"— A/. C. C, I: 58.
No. 5
All that remained of the Monfoort grants in this block was sold. May 12, 1657, apparently
under execution against Thomas Swartwout, of Midwout, L. I. (Deed not recorded, but
290 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF ^lANHATTAN ISLAND
recited in Liber Deeds, A: 273.) His connection with the Monfort heirs, who were also
Long Island settlers, is not clear.
Cornells Barensen, baker, and Hendrick Barensen, smith, bought the land which covered
the present Nos. 49 to 59 Broad Street and 3 5 Beaver Street, and divided it equally, Cornells
taking the Prince Straet corner. Then ensued long and bitter litigation between Barensen,
Swartwout, Joannes Verveelen, and Douwe Hermsen (purchasers from Cornelis Barensen),
which taxed the patience of the court, and explains the fact that the house which Douwe
Hermsen built (No. 5) and Jan Swaen's little cottage (No. 6) were the only improvements
on the land in July, 1660. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 48, 66, 81, 94, 99-100, 151, 157, 237 and 324.
See Map of Dutch Grants and Key thereto.
No. 6
Jan Swaen, of Stockholm, bought this, the most northerly of Hendrick Barentsen's
lots, March 3, 1659 {Liber Deeds, A: 150), but, in October, the smith sued him for the first
instalment of the purchase money, 200 florins. Swaen pleaded that he had been ill, asked
for more time, and ofi^ered to pay in corn. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 64[']. He owned a farm at
the Mespat Kills, L. I. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 382. Early in the spring following, he
started to build, but money was still scarce; he was sued, in March and April, for wages
due on his house. His faithful wife, Marritje Jans, appeared for him in court (perhaps he
was still ill), and said they would pay. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 145, 154. The house must
have been very newly completed when the Plan was drawn. After the surrender, Swaen
sold his house to his neighbour, Joannes Verveelen {Patents, III: 26, Albany), procured
from Governor NicoUs a pass for himself, his wife, and three children, to sail in the "Unity,"
and, in December, 1664, left New York, forever. — General Entries, I: 139.
No. 7
Jacob Strycker, a tailor, was elected schepen in 1655, and filled this office until 1663,
with the exception of the years 1659-61. — Rec. N. Am., I: 281; II: 59, 265, 325; IV: 28.
In 1664, he was made orphan-master. — Register of N. Neth., 67. In company with Cornelis
van Ruyven, he bought land here (No. 7), in 1656 {Liber Deeds, K: \6), from Jacob Steendam.
Van Ruyven then secured a grant for another parcel, and he and Strycker divided it between
them. — Patents, II: 158 (Albany); Liber Deeds, B: 159. As he himself occupied the house
of Jan Jansen Schepmoes, on Pearl Street, in 1656, it is probable this house was rented. —
Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 39-40.
Strycker, later, went to Midwout (Flatbush), where his brother Jan held the office
of sergeant and magistrate. — Laws y Ord., N. Neth., 159-60, 391; Register of N. Neth.,
42, 149.
No. 8
On February 15, 1656, Sergeant Jacob Luby asked for his discharge from the Company's
service "and leave to settle at Arnhem, where he has land; granted." — Cal. Hist. MSS.,
Dutch, 160. Jacob Luybeck, as he then spelled his name, bought the lot No. 8 from Jacob
Strycker, in December, 1658 {Liber Deeds, A: 138), and built this house, though he seems
to have lived at Bergen. He took the oath of allegiance in Bergen, on November 22,
1665. — N. J. Archives, ist series, I: 49. He was one of the commissioners to fortify the
place {Register of N. Neth., 158), and married his second wife, Gerritje Cornelis, there, in
1672. — Bergen Records in Hoi. Soc. Year Book, 1914, p. 58.
['] The Records reverse the plaintiff and defendant in this litigation.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 291
No. 9
This little house stood on land which Cornelis van Ruyven and Jacob Strycker had
bought for investment (see No. 7). Van Ruyven, sent over by the West India Company
as provincial secretary, assumed his duties in November, 1653. His first official signature,
written on November 25th, is affixed to the grant of the excise privilege to the municipality.
— Rec. N.Am., I: 130. He remained secretary until the surrender, in 1664. — Ibid., V: 143.
He lost no time after his arrival in wooing and winning the affections and hand of Hille-
gond Megapolensis, the daughter of the domine, whom he married June 24, 1654. — Mar-
riages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 19. In 1663, he built for her a fine residence next door to her father's
house on the Broadway (Block A, No. 5). In 1674, he returned to Holland with his family,
his wife's mother accompanying them (see Block A, No. 7).
During Van Ruyven's twenty years residence here, he filled various positions of trust.
The Records show many instances of his just and helpful attitude towards his fellow-towns-
men, whom he served as vendue master and churchwarden. — Rec. N. Am., II: 54, 82; III:
92; IV: 263; VI: 103, 215. He became receiver of the West India Co., in 1657. — Cal.
Hist. MSS., Dutch, 182-3. In that capacity, after the surrender, he turned their affairs
over to Governor Nicolls. — General Entries, 1 : 142. He was one of the first aldermen under
the English rule (M. C. C, II: 53; General Entries, I: 173), and was one of the prominent
citizens consulted on the re-erection of the Dutch government. — Rec. N. Am., VI: 395.
No. ID
"The trivial school" ['] of Harmanus van Hobocken occupied the exact site of No. 39
Broad Street. The lot has the same dimensions to-day that Surveyor Cortelyou laid out
before January, 1660, when Van Hobocken requested an allowance from the city, "as he
is behind hand with the building of the School." — Rec. N. Am., VII: 244. Although his
deed was not recorded until August 31, 1661 {Liber Deeds, A: 238), the house was finished
before June, 1660. — Recited, ibid.. A: 178.
Harmanus van Hoboocken was appointed to succeed Willem Vestensz, as chorister and
schoolmaster of this city, March 23, 1655, at 35 guilders per month, and 100 guilders extra
per year for expenses. — Eccles. Rec, I: 336. The records do not show where the school-
master began to teach, but, in November, 1656, he petitioned to be allowed to use the hall
and side room of the Stadthuys for a school and dwelling, as he is "burthened with a wife
and children," and "does not know how to manage for the proper accommodation of the
children during winter, for they much require a place adapted for fire and to be warmed,
for which their present tenement is wholly unfit." — Rec. N. Am., II: 219. The burgo-
masters and schepens did not accede to this request, but they did allow him 100 guilders a
year towards the rent of a house, "in order that the youth, who are here quite numerous,
may have the means of instruction as far as possible." — Ibid., II: 220. (For this rented
house, see Block C. No. 16.)
Hardly had the schoolmaster built his house here, when he was notified, in May, 1661,
that his successor, Mr. Evert Pietersen, was about to sail from Holland in the "Gilded
Beaver." — Eccles. Rec, I: 502-3. Stuyvesant, knowing Van Hoboocken to be "a person
of irreproachable life and conduct," arranged that he should act as schoolmaster and clerk
at his bouwery, meantime drawing pay from the Company as "Adelborst," or sergeant. —
Ibid., I: 522. His first wife having died, he married Marritje Pieters, in October, 1662,
['] I.e. an elementary Latin school. See monograph by Prof. W. H. Kilpatrick on The Dutch Schools of New
Netherlands and Colonial New York, in Bulletin, 1912, No. 12, U. S. Bureau of Education. See, also, Block B,
No. 10, for Latin School.
292 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
and was still living comfortably as deacon, at Stuyvesant's Bouwery, in April, 1663. —
Register of IValewyn Van Der Veen, trans, by O'Callaghan, 70.
No. II
Jan Pietersen, from Holstein, woodsawyer, transferred this house to Thomas Wandel,
June I, 1660. — Liher Deeds, A: 178. Wandel sold it in August, 1672, to Catrina Croegers,
wife of Nicasius de Sille. — Ibid., B: 198. Site, No. 37 Broad Street.
No. 12
The Fiscal's House on the Prince Gracht and his garden on the Tuyn Straet are so
carefully drawn on the Plan that it requires but little imagination to see them as they were
in July, 1660. The wide, comfortable-looking house faced the upper end of the canal,
and the formal Dutch garden extended to the street, to which it gave its name — Garden
Street, now Exchange Place. The triangular plantation left by the cutting through of this
street belonged to the Van Tienhoven estate, but it is entirely probable that it was cultivated
by De Sille, for its owners lived in quite another part of the town.
Nicasius de Sille, the first of his name in this country, arrived in the summer of 1653.
In his commission as first councilor to Director-General Stuyvesant, he was described as
"experienced both in law and war, of whose life and knowledge we have received the best
testimony." — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 209. He was in middle life, having been born at
Arnheim, September 23, 1610 — a widower, with five children: Walburga, the eldest daughter,
not yet fourteen years old, Anna, Gerardina, Laurens, and Petrus. (Information com-
municated by Mr. Laurens Adriaen de Sille, of Leersum, Holland, a descendant of Laurens
de Sille.— TV. Y. Geneal. and Biog. Rec, XXXIV: 24.)
Such a family needed a mother's care, but de Sille's second wife, Tryntje Crougers,
whom he married in May, 1655 {Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 19), was not the woman he
had hoped to place in that capacity in his home. Their union was most unhappy. In
December, 1659, he petitions for a divorce, alleging her "unbecoming and careless life,
both by her wasting of property without his knowledge, as by her public habitual drunken-
ness." The court referred the matter to the director and council, "Regard being had to
the quality of the petitioner." — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 90. No divorce was granted at this
time; the couple remained together for various reasons. She had brought him some
money, which had helped to build the house, as she claimed, and the two elder girls were
about to be married: Walburga to Frans Cregier, Anna to Hendrick Kip. The young
couples procured their marriage licenses on the same day, February 29, 1660 {Marriages
in Ref. Dutch Ch., 25), and the house was the scene of a double wedding.
The fiscal himself had, in the meantime, become very much interested in New Utrecht,
of which village he was one of the first patentees, and where Jacob Swart had built him a
house in 1657-8. To quote his own words, "this was the first house in the town which
was covered with red tiles." ['] De Sille's description of the founding of New Utrecht is
contained in Doc. Hist. N. Y., 8vo. ed., I: 633.
Possibly, his third daughter, Gerardina, kept house for him here: she afterwards married
a Long Islander, Joannes van Couwenhoven (A'^. Y. Geneal. y Biog. Rec, XXXIV: 24),
but there seems little reason to suppose that Mme. de Sille ever left the house on the Gracht,
where the fiscal himself continued in residence.
In 1669, Gerrit van Tright wanted an act of authorisation to sell his house, on which
he had lent considerable money. De Sille had given him power of attorney to do so. His
wife, however, interposed a strenuous objection, saying that the house belonged "particularly
['] It stood until 1850, when it was demolished.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 293
to her." — Rec. N. Am., VI: 207, 210. All the old bitterness revived, and finally, on March
15, 1670, Governor Lovelace directed Mayor Steenwyck to appoint a commission to hear
and examine their differences concerning the sale of their house and other things relating
to their estate. Mme. De Sille produced a marriage contract, which would have thrown
much light on the vexed question of whose money had paid for building the house, bringing
up the children, "marrying off two daughters," &c., but "the superscription expressly
directed that it should not be opened until after the death of one of them"; and the five
eminent citizens who composed the commission declared that "Mr. Sille cannot be counted
. . . dead." As Paulus Leendersen van der Grift said: "I refer to the judgement of
the May^ whether Mr. Sille can be considered as dead or not" {Rec. N. Am., VI: 227-8);
and as Mr. de Sille, at this very time, had declared that he had "an Intent to resyde in y"
Towne of Midwout, alias Flatt bush," the demise of that gentleman was rather less than
a doubtful event. The pleasant little settlement wherein he now contemplated taking
up his abode was a long way from the New York of that day; and that he was, without too
much difficulty, discovered to be alive and in residence there, is proved by the fact that
Governor Lovelace, "having conceiued a good opinion of y^ Capacity & fittnes of y" said
Nicasius de Sille," appointed him "publique notary for y" Towne of Mydwout alias Flatt
bush & places adjacent," April 25, 1670. — Exec. Coun. Min., ed. by V. H. Paltsits, I: 329.
A rather obscure position, after all the dignities that had gone before. He had been first
councilor since 1653; he succeeded Van Tienhoven as provincial schout-fiscal, in June,
1656 {Rec. N. Am., II: 121); and he was churchwarden at New Amsterdam {ibid., II: 50)
and schout at New Utrecht. — Register of N. Neth., 43.
Several of his poetic effusions are to be found in the records of the latter place, and are
reproduced in the Anthology of New Netherland.
The commission on the affairs of De Sille and his wife partitioned the estate, after pay-
ing the creditors. The house, garden, and orchard must have been adjudged to belong to
the husband, for Nicasius sold them to Thomas Delavall, April 24, 1672, for 3,000 guilders. —
Liber Deeds, B: 190; ['] cf. Book of Records of Deeds & Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (trans-
lated), 209. In this deed, he describes himself as of Long Island. Henry C. Murphy, in the
Anthology, says he resided in New Utrecht "in 1659 and in 1674, and probably until his
death, of which event, however, when and where it took place, we find no mention." Nor
has the author discovered any authentic statement on this subject. His will is not found
of record. In 1686, Domine Selyns's List contains the name of Catharina Cregiers, widow
of Nicasius de Sille, as a resident of the Heere Gracht. She had purchased the small
house just to the south of her old home, and here she continued to live until her death,
late in 1694. Her will is in the N. Y. Surrogate's Office, Liber V: 89. She left her entire
estate to "my cousyn, Jacobus Croeger, for his attendance and true service done me this
severall years."
BLOCK M
No. I
Adriaen Vincent's grant of June i, 1644, extended along the Heere Gracht from the
corner of the Slyck Steegh for a distance of 1 1 rods, 2 feet, or about 138 English feet. It
included Nos. 71 to 81 Broad Street, from the corner of the Consolidated Exchange to South
William Street. The Plan pictures six houses (Nos. i to 6), five of which were certainly
[i] Gov. Colve, in confiscating Delavall's property here, patented it to Marten Jansen Meyer, the smith. —
N. Y. Col. Docs., II: 636-7.
294 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
built by Vincent. Abraham Jansen may have built the second house on the lot which he
bought.
Adriaen Vinchardt, Vinchant, or Vincent, was a Walloon, and at one time a cadet of the
Company. — Cal. Hist. AISS., Dutch, 48. With his wife, Madaleen, and his little daughter,
Anneken, he came from Amsterdam. Scandalous rumor hinted that he left another wife
and four children behind him. — Rec. N. Am., Ill : 70. Industrious and thrifty, the Vincents
prospered. In 1654, Adriaen, as an old burgher, petitioned "that he may be favored with
some occurring employment, such as carrying beer and wine or anything else," and a little
later asked "permission to retail brandy and other strong liquors out of doors." — Ibid., I:
163,225.
While Adriaen worked at the public warehouse, Madaleen kept the little tavern at the
corner of the Slyck Steegh. — Rec. N. Am., I: 403; II: 263. On May 3, 1657, at the time
of the new survey, Madaleen demanded "satisfaction for the cutting off part of her lot for
the road. ['] But whereas it is of little or no importance, and is for her own advantage, it is
decided, that nothing is due for it."- — Rec. N. Am., VII: 158.
Neither Vincent nor his wife ever learned to use Dutch, fluently. In court, they always
had to employ an interpreter. — Ihid., II: 290; III: 55. Anneken, their only daughter,
married Symon Felle, or Velle, a Huguenot trader form Dieppe, September 9, 1656. — Mar-
riages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 21. After his death, in 1680, she married Jacques Cousseau (see
note in Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 425). Her father gave her, as a marriage portion, a house
not far from his own (No. 4). Just three years later, Anneken's father and husband were
shocked and grieved by the slanderous imputations of a neighbour, Lysbet Willems, who
charged the girl with having too intimate friendships with Captains Beaulieu and Rooslyn.
Lysbet was obliged to recant in court, and was "charged to remain quiet for the future and
to utter no more such infamous words." — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 55-6. This same gallant
Captain Augustyn Beaulieu figures as host at a gay party held at Egbert van Borsum's
house in the late summer of 1658. Symon Felle, and his father-in-law, Vincent, were among
those invited. In September, Van Borsum brought suit for an unpaid balance of fl. 310:
4: 8, for the entertainment, and also summoned the guests,
Of whom, Jacob Huges declares, he was invited by the Captain, but if he must pay he will do so.
Simon Felle declares the same. . . . Capt. Beaulieu says, that there were fourteen of them;
half of which he individually was to pay for, and the others the other half. . . . asked, if he
have any objection to the a/c? Answers, No, except to the fl. 30 for trouble and waiting and fl. 3
for cleaning the things.
The Captain was directed "to pay Egbert van Borssum 250 gl. 4 stiv., 8 pence, deducting
20 fl. charged too much for trouble," the remaining money to be collected "from Adriaan
Vincent, Simon Felle, Nicolaas Boot, Mr Jacob Huges and Jan Perier, and if the aforesaid
persons prove, that Capt Beaulieu invited them, Capt Beaulieu is ordered to pay for them."
—Ibid., Ill: 5.
Adriaen Vincent still tapped here in November, 1673.- — ■Ibid.,Vl\: 6,29. Probablj%
his son, John, inherited this house, as he and his wife, Annetje Jans, lived here in 1686. —
Selyns's List, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1841, p. 396.
No. 2
Skipper Tomas Davidts bought one of Adriaen Vinchant's (Vincent's) houses, May i,
1660, and sold it to Johannes de Peyster, January 22, 1670. — Liber Deeds, A: 192; ibid., B:
166. He seldom occupied it himself, for his wife, a daughter of Domine Gideon Schaats,
['] The Slyck Steegh, or Muddy Lane, was ordered to be paved with stone, June 11, 1672. — Rec. N. Jm., VI: 375.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 295
preferred to live with her father, in Albany,. During 1662-3-4, ^^^^ house was oc-
cupied by Foppe Robberts. — Register of Solomon Lachaire, trans, by O'Callaghan, 328-9;
Rec. N. Am., V: 43.
Thomas Davids, or Davidsen, sailed a sloop between New Amsterdam and Fort Orange.
The Labadists, who went up to Albany with him, in April, 1679, speak very sharply of his
character.
The skipper was a son-in-law of D. Schaets, the minister at Albany, a drunken, worthless person
who could not keep house with his wife, who was not much better than he, nor was his father-in-
law. He had been away from his wife five or six years and was now going after her. — Journal of
Jasper Danckaerts, ed. by James and Jameson, 197.
However, Anneke Schaats did not return with her husband on that trip. It took the authori-
ties, both at Albany and New York, a long time to induce her to rejoin him. She was
"headstrong and would not depart without the Sheriff & Constable's interference," in
June, 1681. Finally, an "Extraordinary Court" was held in Albany, July 29, 1681.
Thomas and Anneke were brought before it, and were bound over to behave themselves
together, and to go to New York with their children. This they promised to do, but with
evident reluctance.
The history of Domine Schaats's troubles with his congregation and with his daughter
is quaintly told in Doc. Hist. N. Y., Svo. ed., Ill: 883-7, and reprinted in Eccles. Rec,
II: 762-4.
NOS. 3 AND 4
These two houses were given by Adriaen Vincent to his children — whether in his lifetime
or by will is uncertain — No. 3 (77 Broad Street) to his son, John, and No. 4 (75 Broad Street)
to his daughter, Anna, wife of Simon Felle. In 1684-5, John Vincent, for himself and his
wife, Ann, and "by Power of tutorship over the said Children of Simon Fell," sold both
houses to Cornelia Depeyster. — Liber Deeds, XIII: 173, 175. See the tax-lists for 1665
and le-jj.—Rec. N. Am., V: 224; M. C. C, I: 58.
NoS. 5 AND 6
Abraham Jansen, master carpenter, bought a wide lot here, originally sold to Simon
Volckertsen, in 1652, by Adriaen Vincent. Volckertsen's deed was for a house and lot. —
Liber HH: 3 (Albany). The deed to Jansen, executed December 2, 1658, and recorded
February i, 1661 {ibid.. A: 226), mentions no house; he may have built both these
small dwellings, which are much alike.
Abraham Jansen was one of the most useful and respected citizens of the New Amsterdam
of his day. A capable mechanic, his services were in demand, not only at Manhattan, but
at Fort Orange and on Long Island. An entry in the Executive Minutes of the Burgomasters
(Min. of Orph. Court, II: 132-3), under date of March 24, 1662, gives a curious detail of
life in the city about the period of the Plan. Abraham Jansen was one of three carpenters
asked by the burgomasters to work a certain period for the city. He declined, being "en-
gaged on other work." Reinier Wisselpenninck was too busy. Adolph Pietersen, being
asked "whether he could not work eight to ten days . . putting up a little house, for
the Indians to offer their wares," said, "if the Board would please to wait a few days, he
would do it," which was accepted.
Jansen was appointed overseer of streets in May, 1670, by Mayor Steenwyck, because
he was a person "who understands the Work." — Rec. N. Am., VI: 235.
The most northerly of these houses (No. 6) became vested in "S^ Lawrens de Silla,"
June 24, 1668. — Liber Deeds, B: 143; cf. Book of Records of Deeds & Transfers (etc.), 1665-
296 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
1672 (translated), 127-8. His sister, Warburga, and her second husband, William Bo-
gardus, lived here for many years. Their son, Everardus Bogardus, named for his grand-
father, sold it, December 18, lyii.— Liber Deeds, XXXII: 165. James Alexander bought
it. May 20, 1740. — Ibid., XXXII: 167. The most southerly house, which was, evidently,
his own home, Jansen retained until May 11, 1683. — Ibid., XII: 123.
Site: Nos. 73 and 71 Broad Street.
No. 7
On the first day of March, 1655, Jan Rutgersen petitioned for leave "to sell beer by the
pot in the City Hall (where the little sail loft was given him to dwell in)." The petition
was refused, but he was allowed "to lodge in the City Hall for one month, as his house
was burnt down in the winter, at the expiration of which time petitioner shall depart;
meanwhile he can look out for another dwelling." — Rec. N. Am., I: 292.
Jan Rutgersen's plight is thus succinctly told in a few words of the record. His house,
the location of which has not been ascertained, had been destroyed by fire; he lost no time
finding another dwelling. On the 7th of April, 1655, he bought Abraham Rycken's house
on the Heere Gracht; ten days later he requested, "inasmuch as he is sorely impoverished
by the fire, and an old inhabitant, that he may have leave to sell, with others, a few trifles,
and a can of beer and wine, and to receive lodgers," which was allowed. — Ibid., I: 308.
His tavern was of the meanest; soldiers and negroes frequented it, and petty brawls often
occurred there.
In 1658, Rutgersen still owed a balance of fl. 242 on the house: on the third of June, at
Rycken's request, the court ordered him "to remain in the City Hall until the monies are
paid or to give security for the payment within six days." — Rec. N. Am., II: 389, 397, 399.
Thereupon, he raised the money (^96.80), and had his deed recorded, June 7, 1658.—
Liber Deeds, A: 132.
Jan did not prosper, and his health failed. In 1663, his house was sold under execution,
to Thomas Jansen Mingael. — Rec. N. Am., IV: 104, 167, 182, 207. Soon after he had lost
his home, Jan Rutgersen Moreau, as he was then called, died. — Ibid., V: 74.
James Alexander, father of the Earl of Stirling, bought the site in March, 1734. — Liber
Deeds, XXXII : 97. It formed part of the plot upon which the latter built his mansion house,
which, in December, 1766, was "in the tenure or occupancy of His Excellency General
Gage . . . ," as an old mortgage declares. — Liber Mortgages, \l: Z2-^.
Jan Rutgersen's house (formerly No. 69 Broad Street) is now included in the building
of the Consolidated Exchange.
No. 8
De Sille's list tabulates 23 houses on "the Heere Gracht where Jacobus Backer lives."
Jacobus Backer, at this time, lived on the east side of the Gracht, next door to the corner
of the Prince Straet (later Nos. 65 and 67 Broad Street; and now included in the Consoli-
dated Exchange site). He had bought the lot, unimproved, in June, 1656, some months
after his marriage to Margaret Stuyvesant, half-sister of the director-general. — Liber Deeds,
A: 55; Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 20.
Backer was one of the original patentees of New Utrecht, January 16, 1657, but he never
settled there; his lands in the village were turned over to Nicasius de Sille, as De Sille him-
self relates, in his description of the founding of New Utrecht. — Doc. Hist. N. Y., 8vo. ed.,
I: 633.
During 1656, i66o, and 1662, and from July 5, 1663, until September 20, 1664, Jacobus
Backer served the city as schepen.— i?^r. A'^. Am., II: 28; III: 125; IV: 27, 277; V: 17.
THE CASTELLO PLAN
297
After the surrender, he signed the letter to the Lords Directors in Amsterdam explaining
the capitulation, and then made arrangements to return to Holland. — Ibid.,Y: 116. He
gave his wife power of attorney to conduct his affairs. — Liber Deeds, B. 180; cf. Book of
Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 192. His house here was
sold, under foreclosure of mortgage, to Balthazar de Haert, February 24, 1671. — Idem.;
Liber Mortgages, A: 17, 37; Rec. N. Atn., VI: 255-6.
De Haert and Madame Backer continued to live in the house together. Their son,
Daniel, was born there, and was baptised on September i, 1671. De Haert devised the
property to this son, January 4, 1672. (Recitals in Liber Deeds, XXI: 35.)
In 1678, Margaret Backer married Hendrick Droogestradt, of Elizabeth, N. J. — Rec.
N.Am.,V\: 255-6.
No. 9
The house and garden of Jochem Beeckman, a shoemaker. The north fence was about
twenty feet north of the present line of Beaver Street. The cottage stood on the lower
part of the garden, and, before the Consolidated Exchange absorbed the buildings, the wall
between Nos. 61 and 65 Broad Street defined the south line of Beeckman's land.
This settler was in New Amsterdam at least as early as 1638, for shortly after the New
Year of 1639 he unfortunately stabbed one Jacob Juriaensen, in a scuffle. Juriaensen died,
after a long illness. In May, when "lying abed wounded," he "declared that in case he
died of his wounds, he forgave Jochem Beeckman."- — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 5, 7.
Some years later, in a quarrel with a soldier, Beeckman again drew his shoemaker's
knife, but this time, happily, no harm was done. — Rec. N. Am., I: 410.
The house was probably built in 1652. In February, 1686, Jochem Beeckman mort-
gaged the property for 992 guilders — a curious survival of the shoemaker's HoUandish
feelings: English money simply did not exist for him.
No. 10
The house of the Company's negroes — in 1660, the property of the Dutch West
India Company.
This building and the land on which it stood covered the site of Nos. 3 2-34 South William
Street. The structure occupied the easterly half of the plot, as the Plan shows. The
easterly wall of the building of to-day is on the exact line of the easterly wall of the house
built by the Company for its slaves, before 1643, how much earlier, is not known. The
first reference to it is in the grant of June 22, 1643, to Evert Duyckingh, on the east {Liber
GG: 67, Albany), which grant bounds on the Company's marsh and the land of the negroes.
In June, 1654, Stuyvesant granted most of the negroes' land to Adriaen Dircksen Coen
{Liber HH; 2: 11, Albany), reserving only the house and its house-plot.
In August, 1657, when Adriaen Dircksen Coen transferred his ground-brief to Jacob
van Couwenhoven, he recited that it was bounded in part by "the house the Negroes live
in." — Liber Deeds, A: 90. The dilapidated little building was demolished about the time
that Stuyvesant granted the land to the deacons of the city, July 7, 1662. This grant is
not found of record, but is recited in a deed of January 18, 1663 {ibid., B: 3; cf. Deeds y
Conveyayices (etc.) 1659-1664, trans, by O'Callaghan, 292-3), when the ground was vacant.
This deed reads, in part:
Before us the underwritten Schepens of the City Amsterdam in N. Netherland appeared the
Deacons here who declare by virtue of a ground brief dated July 7, 1662, to cede transport and
convey in a right, true & free ownership unto Mr. Govert Loockermans ancient Schepen of this
City a certain lot with such existing and dominant services and rights as the same was possessed
by the Deaconry. the abovementioned lot is situate north of the Slyck Steegh, bounded west by
' 298 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
, - Adrian Vincent, north and east by Abraham the Carpenter and south by the Steegh aforesaid broad
and long according to the ground brief aforesaid . . . for sale, transport and conveyance of
which lot aforesaid, the abovenamed Deaconry acknowledges and declares to be well and thank-
fully satisfied and paid the sum of three hundred guilders for which the lot aforesaid is sold.
Cousseau was one of the witnesses to this deed, and acquired a half-interest in the property.
By April, 1667, a horse-mill had been built here by the parties in interest, as is proved by
the next transaction, dated October 15, 1667:
Before us undersigned Aldermen of the City of New York appeared Sr Govert Loocquermans
merchant of the said City who certified and declared (by virtue of a Patent by him the appearer
and Jacques Cosseau in Company obtained from the Heer Governor Richard Nicols on the 3*? April
last) in right true and free ownership, as to him the appearer was ceded transported and conveyed
to cede transport and convey to and to the behoof of Sr Jacques Cousseau merchant in the said
City his the appearers share and interest in a certain lot house and horsemill, with all the appurte-
nances earth and nail fast. . . . The said lot house and horsemill enclosed built on and fenced
standing and being within this City in the Slyck Steegh (Dirty lane) having to the west Adrian
Vincent, . . . — Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 1 14-16;
for dimensions see Key to Map of Dutch Grants.
This is the earliest mention of a horse mill on this plot. There was an earlier mill on
the south side of the lane, Block N, No. 8.
Cousseau conveyed the property, on September 4, 1672, to Carsten Jansen Eggert, a
miller, as "a certaine Lott of ground w*^ a house and horsmill thereuppon." — Liber Deeds,
B: 178, 200; cf. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 227-8.
The Tax List of 1677, itemizes, in the Mill Street Lane, "Corsten Johnston; Ditto
Mill house." — M. C. C, I: 58. The same list mentions "The Bark Mill corner," next to
"Mother Drissius." — Ibid., I: 59. The bark-mill, at that time, stood on the north side of
the present Exchange Place, west of Broad Street. — Liber Deeds, B: 203; Original Book of
N. Y. Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, p. 12; Liber Deeds, XII: 30.
It cannot be disputed that the horse-mill on the site of Nos. 32 and 34 South William
Street was erected after; January, 1663; it is almost equally certain that it was a flour-mill,
and not a bark-mill.
No. II
This mean little house, on a part of the negroes' land, was probably the one which Adriaen
Dircksen Coen built. — Recitals in Liber Deeds, A: 90.
Cornelis Hendricksen, from Dort,- bought it; he was killed by the Indians in the autumn
of 1655. — Min. of Orph. Court, 1 : 4. On March 3, 1657, his widow was married to Harman
' Hendricks, of Bergen, Norway {Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 21), who soon afterward con-
veyed "in sole real ownership unto . . . Joost Goderus." — Liber Deeds, A: 96.
The Orphan-Masters Court, however, looked after the interests of the heirs of Cornelis. —
Min. of Orph. Court,!: 29-30.
• - Joost Goderus was one of the weigh-house labourers — an ill-balanced, excitable character,
whom the young fellows of the town delighted to tease. He had an attractive wife, Jaco-
myntje Wallings, of whom he was very jealous, and with some reason; for, if the records
speak truly, Allard Anthony admired her — much to her husband's distress. In fact, he
was suspicious of everyone. Schout de Sille brought him into court one day, and said
"Joost Goderus unreasonably abuses people, when he is somewhat out of his head," and
begged "that the Magistrates will^please reprimand him for it, which is .done." — Rec. N.
Am., I: $1, et seq; II: 421; VII: 145-6.
Goderus and his wife jogged along here, evidently never very well off". In December,
1663, Joost was arrested by the fiscal for stealing firewood, "which is a. very prevalent
THE CASTELLO PLAN 299
practice among the poor in New Amsterdam." The poor fellow pleaded guilty, and asked
pardon, but the fault cost him his office of porter at the weigh-house. — Cal. Hist. MSS.,
Dutch, 256, 257. He worked as a labourer for Thomas Delavall, in 1668 {Rec. N. Am.,
VI: 132), which is the last time he is mentioned. His son, Hans, lived in the house in 1677. —
M. C. C, I: 58. Hans Goderus and his brother Frans partitioned their father's estate,
March 17, 1679. When Cornelia Depeyster bought this property, December 2, 1685,
she paid 5800 guilders for it. Steenwyck's wife acted for Hans Goderus in the sale; an
indication that in the second generation the family had risen in the social scale. — Liber
Deeds, XHI: 91, 93, 170.
Site: No. 28 South William Street.
No. 12
Evert Duyckingh's grant, of 1643, had a frontage on the road of 10 rods, 2 feet, 2 inches,
and 4 grains — calculated roughly, about 127 feet. It comprised numbers 16 to 26 South
William Street, and was irregular in shape. The house, nearly thirty feet wide, covered
No. 22 and part of No. 20.
Evert Duyckingh, of Borcken, in Westphalia, was born about 1621, according to a depo-
sition made by him May 11, 1657. — Min. of Orph. Court, I: 32. He was employed by the
West India Company at Fort Good Hope on the Connecticut, as early as 1640-41. He
and Gysbert Opdyck were viciously attacked by the English settlers there, when Duyckingh,
while ploughing, was cut "in the head with an adze stuck in a long handle, so that blood
ran down his face and clothes." — N. Y. Col. Docs., II: 141-3. He was a mere youth at
that time ; yet he, evidently, had learned the glazier's trade in Germany. At any rate, he
was a master glazier in 1648, when Cornelis Jansen was apprenticed to him. — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 44. He is referred to, in 1658, as a "glass-maker." — Liber Deeds, A: 132.
The Labadists came over with Evert Duyckingh, Junior, who was the mate of the
"Charles." They record: "They had built a new church in the Hysopus, of which the glass
had been made and painted in the city, by the father of our mate. Evert Duiken, whose
other son, Gerrit, did most of the work . . . He promised to teach me how to draw." —
Murphy's Journal of a Voyage to New York (etc.), by Jaspar Dankers and Peter Sluyter,
276. Mr. Murphy, in a note, says: " By the phrase, making the glass, we apprehend glazing
is all that is meant by our journalist." But the traveller meant what he said. Both
Evert Duyckingh and his son, Gerrit, undoubtedly, understood the art of painting glass,
which required the use of a kiln for firing. As late as 1687 and 1700, the records refer to
the fact. Evert Duyckingh; Senior, is called a "limner," and Gerrit Duyckingh a "painter,"
and also a glazier, ingrants to them of land under water in front of their lands in Block P. — •
Liber A: 52, 300; ibid., B: 133, in Comptroller's Office.
The townspeople and Jasper Danckaerts may not have differentiated between "making"
the glass itself and "making" the finished product — the beautiful emblazoned windows
of coloured glass for churches and for the homes of the wealthier citizens. It is an interesting
fact that this art was practised in New Amsterdam so early.
Before the survey of 1657, the Slyck Steegh was an impasse. It ended at Burger Jor-
issen's line fence, as the Plan correctly shows. On Thursday, April 19, 1657, the neighbours
in the Glaziers Street petitioned "for a cart way to the Strand, as was promised them."
They were told: "As soon as the general survey is made, further attention shall be paid
to the petitioners' request, that a suitable road be made." — Rec. N. Am., VII: 156. Then
was the little lane or "gangetje" cut through, and the Smee Straet, or William Street,
extended (see Block Q, No. 16). The Mill Street of later years, now South William Street,
ended just at the side of the lane. It was not extended to William Street until 1835.
300 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
"The Slick Steegie where Evert Duijckingh lives," as de Sille announced in 1660, later
became an undesirable place of residence. The house was sold, on February 3, 1674, to
Jacob Melyn, whose attorney resold it to Dr. Johannes Kerfbyl, May 28, 1697. — Liber
Deeds, mil: 221. Evert Duyckingh's wife was Hendrickje Simons. They were married
on August 28, 1646. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 14.
On December 19, 1728, Cornelius Clopper and wife sold the plot where Duyckingh's
house had stood, 40 feet wide on the Mill Street, to the trustees for the Jewish congregation,
Lewis and Mordecay Gomez, Jacob Franks, and Rodrigo Pacheco. — Liber Deeds, XXXI:
263. Here was erected the first synagogue built especially for Jewish worship, although
the Jewish congregation had been worshipping in the city for many years — in a house
belonging to Jan Harpendingh (see No. 13, infra.). The synagogue property covered
No. 22 and parts of Nos. 20 and 24 South William Street.
No. 13
The house which Evert Duyckingh sold to Jan Reyndersen (Reinders, Reidersen) in
April, 1655 {Liber Deeds A: 133; Powers of Attorney, trans, by O'Callaghan, 120-2), had
not been paid for in 1658. Reindersen was absent, probably over in Pavonia. — Rec. N.
Am., II: 355, 363. Sibout Clasen, acting for him, sold the house, in 1664, to Arent Fransen
Vanderbriel (Vander Brul — from the Brielle), who, in turn, sold it to Jan Harpendingh,
February 14, 1668. — Liber Deeds, B: 40, 138; cf. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers
(etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 118.
Harpendingh pulled the wretched little structure down, and the land remained vacant
for a number of years. (See tax-list of September, 1677, in M. C. C, I: 58.) On October
13, 1700, the land on the west, which had been Duycking's house plot, was bounded "on
the East by the house and ground of John Harperdingh now Commonly Known by the name
of the Jews Synagogue." — Liber Deeds, XXIII: 230. No deed has been found from Harpen-
dingh to the Jewish congregation, nor any record of conveyance from them. The inference
is that the first Jewish Congregation rented John Harperdingh's house. The lot was only
28 feet wide by 51 feet deep. The deed to Dr. Kerfbyl, dated May 28, 1697, does not
mention a synagogue to the east, which may indicate that its establishment in Harpen-
dingh's house was between these dates. However, the Jews had been holding meetings
in New York for a number of years. In 1682, Domine Selyns referred to the "separate
meetings" of the Jews, Quakers, and Labadists — undoubtedly all in private houses; and,
in 1695, Rev. John Miller lists a "Jewes Synagogue" among the churches in New York.
— Eccles. Rec, II: 830; Miller's Netv York Considered and Improved, i6g§, ed. by V. H.
Paltsits, 54, 116; cf. A. M. Dyers's monograph on New York Jewish History, in Pub-
lications, Am. Jewish Hist. Soc, No. 3, pp. 41-60; see, also, Oppenheim's The Early Hist.
of the Jews in New York, 1654-1664.
Site: No. 16 South William Street.
No. 14
William Abrahamsen (Vander Borden) and Robert Roelantsen, carpenters, bought this
lot from Evert Duyckingh, August 27, 1657, and on it built the house shown on the Plan. —
Cat. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 60. Abrahamsen sold his half interest to Roelantsen, August 26,
1658 (recitals in Liber Deeds, A: 277), then sued l.im, on May 3, 1661, for 17 beavers and
a half, with interest, "for the half of a house sold to him." Roelantsen admitted the debt,
but said Abrahamsen occupied it, "and counts the rent against the interest." The burgo-
masters ordered them to settle with each other. The deed was recorded August 24, 1662. —
Ibid., A: zyy, Rec. N. Am., Ill: 291.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 301
No. 15
This grant, made to Domine Megapolensis, April 24, 1650, was the land which had been
in the early occupation of Claes Sybrantsen de Veringh. Sybrantsen appears to have been
a mariner; in 1638, he was a partner of Skipper Jan Schepmoes. He died after June 19,
1642, and before June 22, 1643, when this property is recited as belonging to his widow
{Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 3; Liher GG: 67, Albany), who married Brant Peelen, from
Nykerck, an early Albany settler, July 3, 1643. — Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 806; Cal.
Hist. MSS., Dutch, 23.
Sybrantsen's home was the last dwelling at the end of the Steegie. The fence lines,
so clearly defined on the Plan of 1660, are equally distinguishable on the tax map of 191 5.
The west line of No. 8 South William Street is identical with the west fence of the garden.
The line which separates No. 8 South William Street and the rear wing of the present
Delmonico Building from Nos. 48 and 50 Beaver Street is coincident with the north fence
of the old garden.
In 1660, this house belonged to Domine Megapolensis, but very shortly thereafter the
old building was torn down, Jan Hendricks van Bommel bought the most westerly third
of the plot, Engelbert Steenhuysen the remainder. The deeds for both parcels were de-
livered, March 10, 1663. — Recitals in Patents II: 170 (Albany); Liber Deeds, B: 4; cf.
Deeds & Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664, trans, by O'Callaghan, 294-5.
On October 10, 1662, Pieter Jansen van Werckendam, who had bought from Steen-
huysen, sold his house and lot in the Slyck Steegh, "being the net and just half of the lot
formerly purchased by said Englebert from D° Joannes Megapolensis," to Hendrick Hen-
drix van Doesburgh.^ — Register of Solomon Lachaire, trans, by O'Callaghan, 416-7. Steen-
huysen also sold his own house, in 1665, to Van Doesburgh (Liber Deeds, B: 72; cf. Mort-
gages, 1665-1675, trans, by O'Callaghan, 53), who was assessed here, in 1677, as Henry Van-
dusbury.— M. C. C, I: 58.
"Jan Hendrick van Bommel, en zyn h. v. Annetje Abrahams," were still living here in
1686. — Selyns's List, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1841, p. 397.
Engelbert Steenhuysen was living in Bergen in 1662, when the community "resolved to
employ him not only as precentor, but also — this was expressly stipulated — to keep school."
Steenhuysen, being the owner of "a house and lot and of a double bouwery" in Bergen,
became very haughty. He refused to pay taxes or maintain a soldier, asserting that "a
schoolmaster should be exempt from all village taxes and burden; as it is customary, . . .
everywhere in Christendom." So he resigned; the magistrates appealed to the director
and council; and Steenhuysen was directed to "duly serve the rest of his term according
to contract." — N. Y. Col. Docs., XHI: 318-9; reprinted in Eccles Rec, I: 539.
In 1790, the Custom House, at No. 5 Mill Street, occupied Van Doesburgh's plot.
No. 16
Domine Megapolensis sold this small house to Pieter Gysen, from Doornyck. The deed
was delivered on the same day as the others from the same grantor — March 10, 1663. —
Liber Deeds, B: 3; cf. Deeds y Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664, trans, by O'Callaghan, 290-1.
Peter Gys had been living in a house of Thomas Wandel, which "he let to another"
when he moved to his own house. He also left an unpaid balance of a year's rent — fl. 138.
Wandel sued him, August 31, 1660. Pieter said his late landlord had "promised him to
make the house tight and habitable and did not do so, and when he mentioned it, his wife
said to him, if it don't suit you, go out." — Rec. N. Am., HI: 196. In 1667, Pieter Gysen
van Doornick, by his attorney, Gerrit Jansen van Aernheim, sold the house to Nicolaes
302 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
du Piu (Dupuy). — Liber Deeds, B: 128; Book of Records of Deeds & Transfers (etc.),
1665-1672 (translated), 100.
Site: 48-50 Beaver Street.
No. 17
The brew-house of Michiel Jansen (Vreeland), of Gamoenepa, (Communipaw): built
in the rear of the house and lot which he bought from Marcus Hendricksen Vogelsang,
April 4, 1656 (see No. 20, infra). His widow, Fijtje Hartmans, sold it to Meindert Barensen,
the cooper, October i, 1663. — Liber Deeds, B: 25; Deeds y Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664,
trans, by O'Callaghan, 334-5.
For Michiel Jansen, see Block J, No. 14.
The long, narrow, garden between Nos. 16 and 17, which, in 1660, was planted with
eight small trees, belonged to a free negress, Susanna Anthony Robberts. Her house had,
evidently, been demolished for some time, but she was still living, for she is recorded, on
February 14, 1661, as having hired out her brother, Jochim Anthony Robberts, to Wolphert
Webber. — Register of Solomon La Chaire, trans, by O'Callaghan, 18. One Anthony Sarley,
of the Bowery, conveyed the property of Ahasuerus Fromantel, December 11, 1691. —
Liber Deeds, IX: 223 (Albany).
Between Susanna's lot, which was onlj^ 31 feet, 6 inches wide, and the brew-house, was
a small lot, which Megapolensis sold to Sarah, widow of Hans Hansen, delivering the deed
March 10, 1663. — Patents, II: 163 (Albany).
Susanna's ground is now a part of 52-54 Beaver Street. The brew-house stood on the
Beaver Street side of the Delmonico Building.
Nos. 18 AND 19
Rutger Jacobsen, ancestor of the Rutgers family of New York and Albany, built this
house, after October 4, 1649, and before October 15, 1655, when the house was taxed.
—N. Y. Col. MSS., Ill: 67; Rec. N. Am., I: 374.
It seems to have been the finest residence on the block, with a coach-house, or possibly
a small warehouse, in the rear (No. 19). The garden was more than 150 feet deep, and
included the end of the Slyck Steegh. That part of the land which lay between the High
Street and the Steegie was bought from Wessel Evertsen; the remainder from Megapolensis.
The little lane, cut through pursuant to the survey of 1657, did not diminish Jacobsen's
land at all.
Rutger Jacobsen, from Schoonderwoert, province of South Holland, began his career
in these parts at Rensselaerswyck, April 8, 1637. He probably came in the ship
"Rensselaerswyck," which arrived at the "manatans," Wednesday, the 4th of March,
1637. — Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 374. He married a maiden of New Amsterdam,
Trijntje Janszen, from Breestede, June 3, 1646. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 14. The
greater part of his life was spent at Albany, where he was engaged very extensively in the
brewing industry.
There is a very interesting history of this settler and his descendants (several of whom,
also, were prosperous brewers), in an article on "The Rutgers Family of New York," writ-
ten by one of them — Hon. Ernest H. Crosby — and printed in the N. Y. Geneal. y Biog.
Rec, April, 1886. Also, a good biographical sketch is to be found in the P'an Rensselaer
Bowier MSS., 812.
Between 1656 and 1661, Abraham de Lucena, a prominent Jewish merchant of New
Amsterdam, occupied the premises, only surrendering his lease to Isaac Bedloo after the
THE CASTELLO PLAN 303
house had been sold at public vendue, September 9, 1660. — Rec. N. Am., IV: 9; Liber
Deeds, A: 252. Jacobsen had mortgaged his property here and at Fort Orange to Johannis
Withart, in 1656, for 1528 guilders {Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 43),
and Trijntje Jansen, his wife, mortgaged "her house and lot" to Cornelis Steenwyck,
September 4, 1658, to secure notes for 5482 gl., 2 st. — Ibid., 97. The creditors forced a
sale, and Withart bid the property in at a low valuation, Steenwyck consenting.
Rutger Jacobsen protested against the proceedings, alleging sharp practice. He fought
the case through the courts for nearly a year; but he was at Albany, his creditors were
powerful, and the case was decided in their favour. — Rec. N. Avi., Ill: 224, 229, 236, 238,
254, 261, 297. Reluctantly, he gave the deed to Withart, November 12, 1661. — Liber
Deeds, A: 252. The latter had already deeded it to Isaac Bedloo, who was in occupancy.
(Recitals Patents, IV: 34, Albany.) Bedloo was confirmed here in 1667 {idem).
Nicholas Bayard was taxed here in 1677, probably as tenant. — M. C. C, I: 58. John
Withart had again become the owner of the house before 1670, when he secured a patent
for it from Lovelace. In 1685, he sold it to Nicholas Bayard. — Liher Deeds, XIII: 68.
No. 20
The Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company, on April 29, 1652, in response
to the petition of Marcus Hendrick Vogelsang, ship carpenter, for space on Manhattan
Island whereon to erect a shipyard, dock, and house, decided to notify the director
(Stuyvesant) "to accommodate him in a convenient locality." — A^. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 181.
This was an unusual proceeding, and no such grant has been found. As Vogelsang is
always described as a merchant, he evidently gave up his intention of going into ship-
building.
He bought "a certain house and lot" from Burger Jorissen (deed recorded July 20,
1655, in Liber Deeds, A: 25), on which he built the house here shown.
On the fourth of April, 1656, he gave a deed for the house to Michiel Jansen {ibid.. A:
40), and took a mortgage from him for 1650 Carolus guilders, the last instalment of the
purchase-money. — Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 29-30. The amount
involved would seem to indicate a house of better style and finish than the majority.
Vogelsang announced at the same time that he was about to depart for Holland; but
he was still in New Amsterdam in March, 1657, when he "appears in Court, requesting to
be admitted as Burgher; claiming as he lived here before, three years, that it cannot be
refused him; and also that he is to be preferred to the New-Comers, who were not here
in the troubles with the English. But as there was no Burgher right at that time Burgo-
masters decree that he, the petitioner, must purchase it like others, or he cannot be con-
sidered a Burgher." — Rec. N. Am., VII: 149.
Vogelsang, evidently, did not think it worth paying for, as he returned to Holland. In
1660, when residing at Amsterdam, he attached certain monies in Holland belonging to
Michiel Jansen, alleging that his mortgage had not been paid off when due. Jansen pro-
tested against this action, and Symon Jansen Romeyn, as Vogelsang's attorney, tried to
uphold it; but the court at New Amsterdam declared it an illegal proceeding. Jansen
was indemnified for damages, etc., but was ordered to pay Vogelsang, or his agent, Romeyn,
the money due. — Rec. N. Am., HI: 204-5, 255-6. Michiel Jansen had already sold the
house to William Herrick (August 26, 1658, recited in Patents, IV: 16, Albany).
Thomas Wandel owned it in 1660, by virtue of his marriage to Herrick's widow (see
Block C. No. 23). In January, 1673, he sold it to Coenraet Ten Eyck. — Original Book of
N. Y. Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, pp. 4-5.
304 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
No. 21
Dirck Jansen van Deventer, a smith, bought this house from Pieter Taelman, July 31,
1658, and was confirmed here in 1667. — Patents, II: 78 (Albany).
Burger Jorissen's smithy stood on the site in 1655, according to recitals in Liber Deeds,
A: 25. Jorissen removed his house and smith's shop to the opposite corner (Block Q,
No. 16) about the time that the Smee Straet was extended and widened. He sold this
"certain house and lot, situate within this city between Michiel Janse and the newly sur-
veyed street," to Taelman, June 5, 1657. (Recitals in Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by
O'Callaghan, 64.) The house pictured is, evidently, not his old smithy, and he must have
built it shortly before the conveyance above mentioned. Dirck Jansen van Deventer,
about whom little is known, was still in the city in 1674. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 47.
NOS. 22 AND 23
Meindert Barentsen, a master cooper, and his wife's mother, Geertje Jans StofFelsen,
owned and occupied these two houses in 1660. The garden between them belonged to
Barentsen. They had both purchased from Burger Jorissen, their deeds having been
delivered April 14, 1660. — Liber Deeds, A: 183; recitals Patents, II: 83 (Albany).
Geertje Jans was the widow of Reyer StofFelsen, who succeeded Burger Jorissen as
smith at Rensselaerswyck in August, 1639. As he does not appear in the colony after
1647, he probably came to New Amsterdam at about that time. He is mentioned here in
March, 1653. — Rec. N. Am., I: 75; Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 822. In 1660, Burger
Jorissen sued the widow Stoffelsen for the payment on the lot. She stated in her reply
that "part of the lot has been surveyed off and that he pltf., cannot deliver her the lot
as he sold it; and has had no deed of it." Jorissen replied that she "had built on the
lot before it was diminished by survey." The conveyance and deed were ordered to be
delivered. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 157, 169.
When the deed was recorded, it conformed to the new survey — the measurements
having been corrected by Cortelyou, in November, 1659. — Liber Deeds, A: 183.
On September 22, 1662, Geertje Jans made her will; she named as her heirs the children
of her daughter, Tryntje Reyniers, the wife of Meyndert Barentsen, cooper. In case Tryntje
died without heirs, the estate was to go to the deaconry of New Amsterdam. — Register of
Solomon La Chaire, trans, by O'Callaghan, 403-5. Both families were living here in 1665,
according to the tax-list of that year. — Rec. N. Am., V: 224, and both were confirmed here
in 1667. — Patents, II: 83, 84 (Albany).
Although Geertje Jans owned considerable property in New Amsterdam at various
times, and seems to have been a shrewd and thrifty woman, she was living in the Deacons'
house for the poor in 1686. (Selyns's List, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1841, p. 396.)
BLOCK N
NoS. I AND 2
The "two stone houses, both dwelling house and brewhouse" of Jacob Wolphertsen
van Couwenhoven, so-called in a mortgage dated June 7, 1656. — Alortgages, 1654-60
trans, by O'Callaghan, 33. Erected after September 15, 1646 (Liber GG: 158, Albany),
and before February, 1655, when Jacob Steendam refers to his own house (Block 0, No. 5)
as being "opposite J. v. Couwenhoven." — Rec. N. Am., I: 286. The tax-list of April,
1665, assesses the brewery building (No. 2) to Jacob van Couwenhoven, and the dwelling-
house (No. 1) to Joannes van Couwenhoven, his eldest son. — Ibid., V: 222.
Van Couwenhoven acquired the grant made to Govert Loockermans, his brother-in-
THE CASTELLO PLAN 305
law, September 15, 1646 {Liber GG: 158, Albany), and Michael Paulussen's grant of
January 21, 1647 {ibid., 163), adjoining, by deeds not of record.
Just how long the brewery was in active operation has not been ascertained. In a
deed of December, 1670, from Van Couwenhoven's administrators to Abel Hardenbrook,
of a small strip of land between their lots, mention is made of "the great stone brewhouse."
— Liber Deeds, B: 175; cf. Book of Records of Deeds & Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (tran-
slated) 183-4.
Few citizens of the New Amsterdam of 1660 could claim longer residence than Jacob
Wolpfiertsen van Couwenhoven. He is supposed to have sailed with his father, Wolfert
(Wolphert) Gerritsen, from Amersfoort, by "de Eendracht," which left the Texel March 21,
1630, arriving at New Amsterdam the 24th of May following. — Fan Rensselaer Bowier
MSS., 805. In 1637, he was back in Amsterdam, on business. Here he held several con-
ferences with Kiliaen van Rensselaer, and returned on "het Wapen van Noorwegen," in
May, 1638, as the patroon's representative. — Ibid., 350-52; 419-21.
His first wife was Hester Jans, a sister of Ariaentje Jans, who had been married to
Govert Loockermans. Hester died after April 20, 1653 (the date of her will). — Min. of
Orph. Court, I: 12. Van Couwenhoven then married Magdaleentje Jacobs (September
26, 1655 — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 20), who survived him.
Jacob Wolphertsen's life of forty years in New Amsterdam is too long and varied to
be told here in detail. He was one of the signers of the Vertoogh, and, with Jan Evertsz.
Bout and Adriaen van der Donck, was commissioned to present that document to the
States General.^ — -N. Y. Col. Docs., I: 319. He was also one of the great burghers. — Rec.
N. Am., VII: 150. As a speculator in real estate and a general trader, as well as a brewer,
he had a certain measure of success, but finally died bankrupt, prior to April 12, 1670.—
Ibid.,Yl: 231.
In September, 1670, the curators of his estate were allowed "to proceed with the sale
of the goods, real and personal, on condition that the fence of the lot of the Great House
on the Heere Graft may be drawn back and set on the common line of the abovenamed
Graft."— 7^-z"^., VI: 252.
They declared, in 1671, that the estate "will fall short verry much and consequently
nothing will be left for the Widdow except something out of Charity be allowed hur." —
Ibid., VI: 295.
In March, 1672, the following record appears:
The Widdow of Jacob van Couwenhoven deceased desiring that in Lieu of the Lett w'^^ the
late GovT Peter. Stuyvesant had given to hur s^ husband behind his house in the dirty Lane or
Slycksteegh, the Court would be pleased to graunt hur a Lott elsewhere within this Citty. Where-
uppon the Court replyed that it doth not appeare to this Court that the S'? Lott was a Lawful
graunt to the Petit"." husband; Neverthelesse the Court being willing to let hur have some Con-
cideration for itt, do leave it to the Petitr for to make an enquiry whether there be any lott undis-
posed of within this Citty which can be no prejudice to the Towne or the fort; and uppon discovery
to give Notice thereof to this Court. — Ibid., VI: 366-7.
On September 17, 1672, it is related that:
Uppon the Petition of the Widdow of Jacob van Couwenhoven, desireing some satisfaction
for the Erve or Lott of ground w'^^ was given hur Late husband by the late duch Governf Stuy-
vesant, for w^*" Lot the Worship!' Court heretofore have promised to give hur a peece of ground
elsewhere. The Court do Allow to the s^ Widdow in Lieu of the s^ Lott, the summe of two hundred
gilders, and do order the Secretary N. Bayard to passe a bill to the paghters towards the paiment
thereof. — Ibid., VI: 387.
A glance at the Grant Map shows that the only piece of land "behind his house" in the
Slyck Steegh which was not private property when Van Couwenhoven's house was built
3o6 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
was the land of the negroes (Block M, No. lo). Van Couwenhoven had bought Adriaen
Dircksen Coen's ground-brief, which surrounded the house plot of the negroes. He must
have asked for a grant of the latter, also, from Stuyvesant, to complete his holdings there.
No such grant can be found of record, but the same statement applies to many Stuyvesant
patents, one book of which seems to have disappeared; the fact is, the Deacons did secure
a grant of that piece from Stuyvesant, which fact is attested by subsequent instruments,
although the deed was not registered. Possibly, the later grant was given in ignorance of
the prior one to Van Couwenhoven. The city admitted the justice of Magdalena van
Couwenhoven's claim, by their payment to her. Evidently, no other lot was to be found
not occupied. The old churchyard on Broadway had been abandoned as a place of sepul-
ture; so that, on July 2, 1674, the churchwardens, "with the consent and approval of the
Messrs. Burgomasters," conveyed a parcel out of the old Kerckhof to Maghdaleentie,
which transaction is recorded in Original Book of N. Y. Deeds, 1673-1675, in N. Y. Hist.
See. Collections, 1913, PP- 37-8. This lot was on the present south-west corner of
Morris Street and Broadway.
Magdalena van Couwenhoven's title was confirmed there by Governor Andres, February
26, 1676. — Patents, II: 114 (Albany).
No. 3
"Claas Karstensen," of Sant, in Norway, ['] owned this little house, until October,
1662, when he sold it to Aldert Coninck, from whom it passed to Abel Hardenbrook, in
1668. — Liher Deeds, A: 282; ibid., B: 145; cf. Book of Records of Deeds ^ Transfers,
1665-1672 (translated), 130-2.
Carstensen was born in 1607, according to a deposition made by him before the orphan-
masters, May II, 1657. — Min. of Orpk. Court, trans, by O'Callaghan, 38-9. He was in
New Netherland as early as 1642, and owned land on Long Island before 1644. Burger
Jorissen bought part of his bouwery at Newtown from Carstensen. — Cal. Hist. MSS.,
Dvtch, 19, 26, 378. He married Hilletje Hendricks, April 15, 1646. — Marriages in Ref.
Dutch Ch., 13. In 1655, he was one of the weigh-house labourers, working under Thomas
Fredericks. — Rec. N. Am., I: 403.
Site: No. 31 Stone Street.
No. 4
Claes Carstensen also owned this house, next door to his own home. He sold it, October
15, 1653, to Jan Nagel, of Limburg. — Liher HH: 55 (Albany).
Nagel married, in September, 1652, Grietje Dircks, widow of Jan Schut, who had been
killed while trading at the South River. — Rec. N. Am., I: 64.
In 1658, Grietje was married to her third husband, Barent Gerritsen, of Overyssel. —
Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 22. Guardians were appointed for the two families of children.
Jan Schut's little daughter, Fytje Jans, was seven years old. She was to receive
150 florins. Jurriaen Jansen Nagel was five years of age; Styntje, the baby, two years
and six months. They each received 75 florins. Their mother was living in her house
"lying and being north of the High Street, opposite de hal."[-] Min. of Orph. Court,
trans, by O'Callaghan, 54-5.
Grietje and her last husband sold the house to Asset Levy, June 8, 1662. — Liber Deeds,
A: 268. Jochem Backer was confirmed here in 1667. — Patents, II: 67 (Albany).
Site: No. 33 Stone Street.
['1 See Manatus Maps, No. 39, "Claes de Noorman." Cf. also Evjen's Scand. Immigrants, 51, et. seq.
[-] In the reference here cited, O'Callaghan translates de hal as "the shambles," or the market, giving to
the word its usual continental meaning. In the translation of the Minutes issued by The Colonial Dames, Fernow
interprets the meaning literally, and in this case evidently more correctly, as "the Hall." — See Block O, No. 9.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 307
No. 5
Jochim Calder, who was the patentee here in 1645, was dead before 1659. He left
his wife, Magdalena Waele, with five children. On the first of March, 1659, marriage
banns were published for Madelena Wale and Gysbert Teunissen, of Barnevelt, who already
had four children. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 23; Min. oj Orph. Court, I: 79. Both
husbands were Long Island farmers. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 46; Rec. N. Am., IH: 291.
Gysbert and Magdaleena sold their house, July 9, 1663, to Joghem, the baker, who was
confirmed as Jochem Backer, in 1667. — Patents, IL 67 (Albany).
Jochem Wesselsen, baker, sold it to Jacob Abrahamsen (Santfoord) , the shoemaker, in
1672. — Liher Deeds, B: 197; cf. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672
(translated), 221-2. The Santford, or Van Santfoord, family retained it for nearly a
century.- — Liber Deeds, XL: 533-5.
The vacant lot adjoining — part of Calder's grant — was purchased, still unimproved,
April 5, 1660, by Adriaen van Laer. (Recitals in Patents, IH: 23, Albany). On it he
built a house, before January 18, 1661. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 250. (See No. 6, infra.)
No. 6
Pieter Andriessen, Schoorstenveger (chimney-sweep),['] had the grant on which houses
Nos. 6 and 7 stand. The westerly half of his grant he sold to Cornelis de Potter and
Cornelis Steenwyck, "who transported to William Herrick, of Mespath Kills the said
house and lot," April 17, 1654. (Recitals in Patents, IV: 23, Albany.) Evidently, then,
the house was built by the chimney-sweep.
Thomas Wandall, having married the widow of Herrick, was confirmed here, as above.
In January, 1661, his westerly neighbour, Adriaen van Laer, complained that
whereas he built a house next to Tomas Wandel and Tomas Wandel's house stands on his
ground, and he not being here, and not knowing, who is his agent, requests therefore the Court's
consent to lay a gutter to catch the dropping from Tomas Wandel's house. The Court allows
Arien van Laar to erect a gutter at the expense of the owner. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 250.
Before 1670, the house belonged to John Cooley, a smith, who was still assessed here
in 1677. — Liber Deeds, B: 171; cf. Book of Records of Deeds l^ Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672
(translated), 176-7; M. C. C, I: 56.
Site: No. 37 Stone Street.
No. 7
Pieter Andriessen was listed, in 1648, among the tapsters of New Amsterdam. — Rec. N.
Am., I: 8.
Undoubtedly, his tavern was here, for his property on the Cingel (Block Q, No. 4) was
far from the centre of population in 1648.
Pieter had died before May, 1664. — Ibid., V: 66. His widow, Grietje Gerritsen, was
confirmed here in 1667. — Patents, II: 12 (Albany). Her executor, Cornelis Clopper, the
blacksmith, sold the house to Barent Coersen, merchant. May 20, 1670. — Liber Deeds,
B: 171; cf. Book of Records of Deeds ^ Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 176-7.
In the deed, the breadth of the property on the south side was given as "from the middle
of the passage betwixt the s'' house & the house of Jn° Cooley." This passage, or alley,
is clearly shown on the Plan.
Domine Selyns used to visit Barent Coert and his wife, Christina Wessels, here, in
1686. — Selyns's List, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1841, p. 396.
['] See Manatiis Maps, No. 44, "Pieter de Schoorstienveeger." Cf. also Evjen's Scand. Immigrants, 156, et seq.
3o8 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
In 1708, Christina Wessels, her son Henricus, and her daughter Anne, wife of Abraham
Ketteltas, sold the property. — Liber Deeds, XXVI: 331.
Nos. 8, 9, AND 10
Nicolaes d' Meyer, or de Meyer, from Holsteyn, owned the Jacob Wolphertsen van
Couwenhoven property, in 1660, and on it Van Couwenhoven had built a stone house and
a mill.
Van Couwenhoven mortgaged "his certain stone house and lot situate within this city
west of the house of Michael Poulusen and occupied by Lysbet Setten and [blank],
together with the barn, mill and lot situate adjoining thereunto east of the house of Pieter
Andriesen chimney sweeper. . . ."—Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 13-16.
The house stood on the easterly part of his ground, next to Paulussen's house (after-
ward Van Vleck's). The mill was on the western end of the grant, next to the chimney-
sweep's house; between them lay the lot or garden. This mortgage was assigned by Allard
Anthony, administrator of the estate of Benjamin vande Water, deceased, to Walewyn
van der Veen.
Some time prior to December 18, 1656, Van Couwenhoven sold the property to Nicolaes
d'Meyer; but Secretary Kip refused to draw up the conveyance, because of an unpaid
balance due on this mortgage. — Rec. N. Am., II: 249. The court directing him to do it.
Kip finally drew the deed for the lot "where the Mill stands," and it was recorded December
20, 1656. — Liber Deeds, A: 83.
On January 29, 1657, De Meyer still had no title to the house. "The Secretary is ordered
to make out the conveyance and mortgage." — Rec. N. Am., II: 281. Kip then wrote out
the conveyance for the "certain Stone house and lot," and also for the little strip of land
"on the East side of the house" and "on the West side of Michiel Paulessen's house,"
which had been bought from Wessel Evertsen, and they were recorded, March 21, 1657. —
Liber Deeds, A: 86, 87.
But de Meyer was not yet satisfied. On February 11, 1658, he states in court, that he
has bought the stone house, in which he lives, also the mill and lot from the deft. Jacob Wolfersen,
and paid for them . . . and as the stone house, mill and lot stand mortgaged to the attornies
of Wallewyn vander Veen for payment of fl. 3543: 19 stiv., the pltf. demands in writing, that the
aforesaid mortgage be erased from the Register. — Rec. N. Am., II: 326-7.
Van der Veen protested, and the contest dragged through the courts until, on June i,
1658, the mortgage was satisfied and de Meyer's title cleared. — Ibid., II: 340, 352, 355,
368; Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 13-16. Then, De Meyer tore down the
old horse-mill, and erected the two new houses shown on the Plan — Nos. 8 and 9 — leaving
the old stone house. No. 10. The mill-work and the mill-stones were sent to New
Utrecht. De Sille says:
In this year 1660, the Fiscal, Jan Van Cleef and his friend [Titus Cyre], bought of Jacob Wolfertse
Van Couwenhoven, for the use of the inhabitants of the town of Utrecht, a Horse Mill, with the
appurtenances which had been used for grinding in Amsterdam on the Manhattans. The mill
stones and the mill work were brought and set up in the Village of Utrecht.
After reciting various difficulties about payment, and so forth, De Sille concludes:
Having in view the benefit to the Town and the convenience of the inhabitants . . . the
mill remained in the town of Utrecht, the Fiscal remaining unwilling to sell his third part. — Papers
relating to Long Island, in Doc. Hist. N. Y., 8vo. ed., I: 650.
De Sille errs in saying that the appurtenances of the mill were bought directly from
Van Couwenhoven. Hendrick van Dyck,De Meyer's father-in-law and attorney, on October
THE CASTELLO PLAN 309
ig, 1660, sued Titus Cyre and Jan van Cleef for "payment of fl. 250. in zeewan with costs,
for purchase of a horse mill." — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 230.
In the tax-list of 1677, De Meyer's "Little house," his "new great house," and a "Dwell-
ing house" are assessed — undoubtedly, the three buildings pictured on the Plan. — M.C.
C, I: 56. In 1686, "De Heer Nicolas de Meyert, en zyn h. v. Lydia van Dyck" still lived
here. — Selyns's List, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1841, p. 396.
Nicolaes van Holsteyn, as the earliest records call him, was originally from Hamburg
(in Schleswig-Holstein). He was a baker, and, as was usual in those days, ground his own
flour. His mill near the Fresh Water is treated of elsewhere. De Meyer is not found
in New Amsterdam much earlier than June 6, 1655, the date of his marriage to Lydia,
daughter of Hendrick van Dyck. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 19. He was a good
business man, and a perusal of the records leads to the conclusion that no one ever suc-
ceeded in taking advantage of him. As a creditor, he was inexorable. During 1664, he
served as schepen of New Amsterdam. — Rec. N. Am., V: 17. In 1669, he was alderman
{ibid., VI: 201), and again in 1675. — M. C. C, I: i. He was mayor, under Andros, in
1676-7 {ibid., VIII: 145), and assistant alderman under the Dongan regime. — Ibid., I:
297. He was appointed a member of Governor Sloughter's council in January, 1691,
but had died before the arrival of the new governor, in March, 1691. — A'. Y. Col. Docs.,
Ill: 756-7-
For De Meyer's will, and letters of administration granted to his son, see N. Y. Hist.
Soc. Collections, 1892, pp. 187, 203. A sketch of de Meyer and his descendants will be
found in Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 359-60.
On the partition of Nicholas de Meyer's estate, in July, 1691, the most westerly house
fell to Henry de Meyer; the middle house to Elizabeth de Meyer and her husband, Philip
Schuyler; and the easterly house to Anna Catrina de Meyer and her husband, Jan Williamse
Neering. — Liber Deeds, XVIII: 165, 137, 134.
The stone house, No. 10, stood on the site of No. 45 Stone Street; the mill was in the
rear of No. 41 Stone Street, or back of No. 8; No. 9 was on the site of No. 43 Stone Street.
See the note explaining the apparent error in the relation of these houses to the Stadt
Huys Lane, now Coenties Alley (Block 0, Nos. 8 and 9).
No. II
Tielman van Vleck bought Michiel Paulussen's house, December 16, 1658. His widow,
Maghdaleentee Herlyn, sold it to Guiljam de Honeur, September 29, 1674. — Original Book
of N. Y. Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, pp. 50-1.
Tielman van Vleck was admitted as a notary at New Amsterdam, July 29, 1658. —
Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 199. He was the predecessor of Solomon La Chair, whose record
begins January 20, 1661. Unfortunately, Van Vleck's register has not been found. It
would, undoubtedly, throw light on many interesting transactions during the period of his
incumbency.
On March i, 1660, Van Vleck petitioned, "on behalf of several persons, for permission
to settle on the maize land behind Gemoenepaen, on the west side of the North river."
This petition was refused. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 208. On April 12th, following. Van
Vleck and several others again petitioned for leave "to settle a village and some bouweries"
there, with the same result; but in August the petitioners were successful. — Ibid., 216.
Their request was granted, on condition that "the village shall be formed and placed on a
convenient spot, which may be defended with ease." — Winfield's Hist, of the Co. of Hudson,
N. J., 68-9.
This new and conveniently situated village of Bergen drew Van Vleck from New Amster-
3IO THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
dam. On August 4, 1661, he was appointed its first schout, or sheriff, his commission issuing
September 5, 1661. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 227, 228.
Thereafter, he rented his house on the Hoogh Straet, though he continued his business
associations with New Amsterdam, and practiced in her courts.
Van Vleck's name is perpetuated on the monument commemorating the founding of
the village of Bergen (Jersey City).
No. 12
Mighiel, or Michiel, Paulusen hired Surveyor Cortelyou to measure up this property,
then gave a bill of sale of the house and lot to Aris Otto, followed by a deed recorded
December 16, 1658. The purchase price was 1500 guilders — 600 in cash, with a mortgage
for 900. — Liber Deeds, A: 144.
Otto kept a tavern here — not of a very high order. He was continually in trouble with
the schout for minor infractions of the ordinances. — Rec. N. Am., II: 376; III: 86, etc.
Before September 3, 1661, the inn-keeper had died. On that day, his widow published
her banns with Lambert Barentsen. — Marriages in ReJ. Dutch Ch., 27.
Barentsen sold the house to Gerrit Hendricksen, from Harderwyck, January 21, 1663.—
Liber Deeds, B: i; cf. Deeds y Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664, trans, by O'Callaghan, 286.
Site: No. 51 Stone Street.
Nos. 13 AND 14
This large double house and the curious structure to the left (No. 13) were all that
Wessel Evertsen had retained of his ground-brief of July 2, 1646.^ — Liber GG: 151 (Albany).
With its garden to the east, the homestead covered numbers 53, 55, and 57 Stone Street.
In 1726, Lawrence Wessels, Jacob Bratt, and Nicholas Eyres, heirs of Wessel Evertsen,
still owned it. — Recitals in Liber Deeds, XXXI: 185.
Skipper Wessel Evertsen is mentioned in the colony, in July, 1642. — Fan Rensselaer
Bowier MSS., 715. He married Geertie Bouwkens, from Naerden, March 15, 1643. —
Marriages in ReJ. Dutch Ch., 12. He is said to have come over in the service of the Com-
pany, and to have commanded the Company's yacht, " St. Martin." — Rec. N. Am., VI : 22on.
Evertsen seems to have made a living as captain of a sloop, sometimes fishing, some-
times carrying freight to points on Long Island and other nearby places.
He was dead by April, 1671. — Ibid., VI: 220.
No. IS
Wessel Evertsen built this house for Asser Levy; according to the records, it was still
in an unfinished condition almost a year later than the date of the Plan. Levy undertook
to sue the builder, Frans Jansen, from Hooghten. (See Block F, No. 15.)
Evertsen's deed to Asser Levy was recorded June i, 1663. — Liber Deeds, B: 16; cf.
Deeds y Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664, trans, by O'Callaghan, 318-9. Just ten years
later. Levy conveyed the house and lot to Jan Herberding. — Original Book of N. Y. Deeds,
in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, pp. 13-14.
Asser Levy and Jacob Barsimson, Jewish residents of the town, asked, on November 5,
1655, for permission "to keep guard with other burghers, or be free from the tax which
others of their nation pay, as they must earn their living by manual labor." Their
petition was refused, in conformity with a previous resolution to exempt Jews from
service, on payment of a tax, principally because of the "disinclination and unwilling-
ness" of the trainbands to serve with Jews, and also because "the said nation was not
THE CASTELLO PLAN 311
admitted or counted among the citizens, as regards trainbands or common citizens'
guards" in any known city in the Netherlands. — See Oppenheim's The Early History of
the Jews in New York, 1654-1664, pp. 24-5.
Levy's prayer seems to have been subsequently granted, as, in April, 1657, he requested
the burgherright, claiming
that such ought not be refused him, as he keeps watch and ward {tocht en zvacht) like other Burghers;
shewing a Burgher certificate from the City of Amsterdam, that the Jew is Burgher there. Which
being deliberated on, tis decreed as before that it cannot be allowed, and he shall apply to the Director
General and Council. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 154; cf. Oppenheim, pp. 35-6.
Levy, who was one of the sworn butchers of New Amsterdam in 1660 and 1665 {ibid.,
V: 312; VII: 258), was also a general dealer, and lent much money on mortgages. He was
one of the guardians of Wessel Evertsen's children, in 1670; and, with Jacob Kip, he ad-
ministered the estate of Jan Hendricks Steelman, in 1671. — Ibid., VI: 220, 354, 381.
Site: No. 59 Stone Street.
For a sketch of Asser Levy, see Publications of American Jewish Hist. Sac, No. 8, 1900,
pp. 9-23.
No. 16
David Jochemszen, of Amsterdam, a shipmaster, married Cristina Capoens, widow of
Jacob Heij, August 5, 1659, acquiring this comfortable-looking home and other property
by the marriage. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 24. In 1677, he was assessed here, on his
own house and on the house "where Doctor Lane Liued." — M. C. C, I: 56. This latter
house had been built prior to 1672, when it was referred to as "the smal house of David
Jochems." — Rec. N. Am., VI: 375. As Domine Selyns mentions Cristina, haus vrouw of
Jochemsen, as living here in 1686, the skipper may still have been voyaging to foreign parts.
The Labadists met him, coming from England, in 1679. — Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, ed.
by James and Jameson, 48.
Jacob Haey had been a trader in Curafao and in Santa Cruz, before 1644; by Ap^ril,
1648, he was in New Amsterdam. His house on the Strand he sold to Cornelis van Tien-
hoven (see Block F, Lot No. 8; Map of Dutch Grants and Key thereto) after he had built
his new house on the Hoogh Straet.
He was, evidently, a prosperous man, as he owned a large plantation on Long Island
(in the Greenpoint section), which was cultivated by his negro slaves. Jacob Haey died
soon after March 25, 1658. — Rec. N. Am., I: 142, 253, 260, 262, 319; II: 259, 269, 325,
364; III: 144, 412.
On Monday, November 8, 1655, Director-General Stuyvesant and Mr. Silla (De Sille)
appeared in court together, and announced that "now Jacob Haey's house is burning."
They, evidently, blamed Pieter the Schoorsteenveger for the catastrophe, but the records
do not exactly explain his responsibility. — Ibid., I: 391-2.
The lane to the east of this house was very narrow, as the Plan shows, and remained
so for a century. On November i, 1754, David Provoost and others petitioned the com-
mon council for leave to widen it, stating that "at present the only passage thro Mill
Street Commonly Called the Jews Ally is a Narrow Ally of about four feet wide from the
upper end of the Said Street to Duke Street." In a long and very interesting statement,
they show the inconvenience to the carmen of the city and the great danger in case of fire.
Finally, they announce that they "have now an Opportunity of purchasing at a very reason-
able price a House and Lott of Ground adjoining to the Said Small Ally which they conceive
to be the most proper place for opening a good Passage," and that they have raised £205;
they ask the Corporation for £yy: lis. more. The board allowed the petitioners £50, to
312 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
be paid "this Day three years; provided . . . the Ground . . . Remain a free and
publick Street ... for Ever." — M. C. C, V: 475-6.
The street thus deeded (20 feet vi^ide) absorbed this house and part of the garden. — Deeds
into the city recorded in Comptroller's Office, Liber C: 135-145; Register's Office, Liher
Deeds, XXXNIW: 494, 503.
BLOCK O
No. I
All the land between the Stadt Huys plot and the present west side of Broad Street
had become vested in Cornelis Melyn by December 15, 1644. (See Key to Map of the
Dutch Grants.) "The Common Ditch, 10 geometrical feet wide," drained through it. —
Liber GG: 92 (Albany).
The most westerly lot, between the ten-foot ditch and the Pietersen and Rycken grant
(Block E, No. 15), Melyn sold to Seger Teunissen, who was killed by the Indians, as the
Representation states. — Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 335. On July 11, 1647, Melyn sold the
lot east of the ten-foot ditch and the lot on which Abel Reddenhaes's house stood to Jacob
Loper, his son-in-law. — N. Y. Col. MSS., II : 158. The lot next east of Loper's house he sold
to Jochem Pietersen Kuyter, at some period not known, but, evidently, subsequent to the
date of Loper's purchase, for his deed does not mention Kuyter as a neighbour.
The Teunissen lot and Loper's two lots were later included in the widened Graft (Cal.
Hist. MSS., Dutch, 188; Rec. N. Am., II: 31 1-2; cj. VII: 168, 169), which left Kuyter's
house on the corner.
Finally, "in the beginning of April, 1651," Melyn sold the lot east of Kuyter's to
Sybrant Claessen. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 169.
This last conveyance was dated just in time to escape the writ of execution of April 22,
165 1, under which the remainder of Melyn's land here was confiscated by Director-General
Stuyvesant, divided into four lots of equal size, and regranted, September 20, 1651.
This confiscation is asserted in a writ of appeal sued out by "Mr. Hendrick van der
Capelle tho Ryssel" against Director Stuyvesant, April 10, 1653. He recites the efforts
of Melyn and himself to establish a colony on Staten Island, the sending of the ship "Nieuw
Netherlandsche Fortuyn" with settlers and goods, etc.; then continues,
this vessel . . . was confiscated, together with its cargo, by Petrus Stuyvesant ... on a
pretended judgment of the two and twentieth of April XVP one and fifty, under pretext of some
fraud said to have been committed, though denied by Cornelis Melyn . . . the Director caused
execution to issue also on account of his [Melyn's] default (reelict), and his houses and lots at the
Manhattans to be sold, and, by an unheard of stratagem, hath made himself master of, and appro-
priated, not only the aforesaid ship and goods, but also the proceeds of the aforesaid houses and
lots.— TV. Y. Col. Docs., I: 528-9.
Hendrick Jansen vander Vin bought the Kuyter house from the burgomasters at public
sale, January 12, 1658. The deed, recorded February 14th, of that year {Liber Deeds, A:
120), recites that "the Orphan Masters . . . have not been pleased to regulate the
estate of Jochem Pietersen Cuyter and Leentje Mettens [Martens] his late wife both of
whom have been killed by the Indians."
Stuyvesant, in November, 1655, urged the burgomasters to have an inventory taken of
the lands, houses, and other effects of Kuyter and his wife, "so that his Honor as well as
the other private creditors may obtain justice." — Rec. N. Am., I: 396. Willem Jansen,
Lyntje Martensen's second husband, was ordered "to place the property in the hands of
the Commissioners." — Ibid., I: 411. Evidently, the delay in selling the property was
THE CASTELLO PLAN 313
caused by questions of jurisdiction — the orphan-masters versus the burgomasters; there
were no children's interests to be considered. Jochem Pietersen Kuyter has been briefly
referred to in the description of the Manatus Maps, under No. 42.
On the 26th of March, 1658, Vander Vin was notified that 2 feet and 3 inches of ground
had been left between the Kuyter house and the Sibout Claessen house (No. 2): that he
might take possession of it by paying for it, and that arbiters were appointed to value the
gangway, "which valuation he Vander Vin shall make good to the owner, Cornells Melein."
The director-general further decided that "it must be built on and no passage be left." —
Rec. N. Am., II: 365.
Vander Vin had already agreed to buy this lot, and, on April 26, 1658, he asks that it
"may be endorsed on the back of the deed; Whereupon it is ordered, that the building be
proceeded with and the piece of the lot on the back of the deed shall be signed as soon as
the heirs [Melyn's] shall come." — Rec. N. Am., VII: 186. This entry proves that the old
Kuyter house had been demolished, and the house shown on the Plan begun, at that date.
In May, 1661, Vander Vin asked that the mortgage be discharged and the lot surveyed,
at the same time claiming 4^^ feet of the 9 foot alley (shown on the Plan) between himself
and Sybout Claessen. — Min. of Orph. Court, II: 92.
Vander Vin was a well-educated man, a good accountant, who had been in the service
of the West India Company, in Brazil, as early as 1646. Some fragments of his minutes as
clerk to the high council of justice at Maurits Stadt, Pernambuco, are still extant. He came
to New Netherland in 1651, returned to Holland, and, in 1653, journeyed once more to
New Amsterdam with his wife, Wyntje. — Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 103-4. He must have
prospered, for he was taxed 60 florins for the city defenses, in 1655, when Cornells Steen-
wyck's assessment was but 100 florins. — Rec. N. Am., I: 368. He was chosen as schepen
in 1657 {ibid., II: 285), and again in 1659 {ibid., Ill: 29, 43), and was churchwarden in
1658.— /Hi., II: 336, 342.
About 1662, Vander Vin bought at Harlem, where he seems to have taken up his resi-
dence, for, in 1663-1664, his former house here had been rented to Master Jacob Hendricksen
Varrevanger. — Rec. N. Am., V: 55. In 1665, he exchanged this property with Oloff" Steven-
sen van Cortlandt for a house and garden on Adam Brouwer's old grant in Block C. —
Liber Deeds, B : 63, 64. This was in the rear of houses Nos. 19 and 19a, and the only access
to the street was through a passage-way west of No. 19. He, probably, came back to town
for a few years, and lived in the house in Block C, for, in the latter part of 1665, he and his
wife are noted as "former church members" at Harlem. — Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 246.
However, in 1670, the Harlem magistrates engaged Vander Vin as voorleser and school-
master, vice Jan La Montagne. He was to receive 400 florins yearly in seawant (about
$52.00), a dwelling-house, and 60 loads of firewood. — Ibid., 300. He was made secretary
at Harlem, on December 3, 1672, which appointment was confirmed by the order of the new
Dutch government, in August, 1673. — Ibid., 318; Rec. N. Am., VI: 400. These two posi-
tions he held until his death, in 1684. — Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 582.
In 1676, Vander Vin represented that his house had become unfit to live in. It was
resolved to move him into the school-house or church for the winter, after it had been
made suitable for him to live in by putting in a bedstead, chimney, and mantel, and making
the door and windows tight. It was decided at the same time to repair his old house by the
following spring. — Ibid., ^74..
Such worldly aff"airs did not much worry the good soul: his mind and heart were other-
wise occupied. As Riker says, no doubt correctly, the Labadists meant Vander Vin, and
not Waldron, when they spoke of meeting a settler at Harlem "who had formerly lived at
Brazil and whose heart was still full of it." He had lived there at an exciting period in the
314 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
history of the Dutch occupation, and although he was not a very aged man, having been
born about 1615, according to a deposition made by him in 1665, in Rec. N. Am., V: 261,
still, his life had become so placid and gentle that he may well be forgiven for glorying in
his youthful days of adventure.
Mr. Riker, who edited Vander Vin's records, says of him:
As he lives in the work of his pen, Vander Vin shows his culture, and incidentally his knowledge
of Latin and Spanish. He was remarkable for his accuracy, very methodical in small as well as
greater matters. . . . He left no family, and his wife had died within a few years.
Vander Vin died late in 1684, in his seventieth year. — Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 441.
No. 2
Sybout Claessen, of Hoorn, on the Zuyder Zee, a carpenter, was in the colony as early
as 1639, when he and two others leased the Company's saw-mill on Nutten Island. — Cal.
Hist. MSS., Dutch, 11. In 1645, March 12th, he married Susannah Jans, daughter of Jan
van Schunenburg, and widow of AertTeunissen, from Putten, who had been murdered by
the Indians at Pavonia, in February, 1643. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 13; N. Y. Col.
Docs., I: 328-329.
Director Kieft granted him fifty morgen of land on the East River, June S, 1646,
"beginning at the Hook of Hellegat, where Hogs Island ends." — Liber GG: 149 (Albany).
He named this farm, which lay at the bend of the river at the foot of Eighty-ninth Street,
Hoorn's Hoeck, in honour of his native city. The Archibald Gracie mansion now stands
just at the point of the Hoeck.
In the autumn of 1649, Claessen returned to Holland, where he presented a statement
of his grievances against Director Stuyvesant to the States General, on December 13th of
that year. He accused Stuyvesant of persecuting him and of general mismanagement
{N. Y. Col. Docs., I: 329); nevertheless, he returned to New Amsterdam, and purchased
this lot from Cornelis Melyn, April 19, 1651. It took ten long years, and many appeals
to the court, to make Claessen pay for the lot. In 1655, Melyn gave a special power of
attorney to Johannes de Decker "to collect, demand and receive from Sybout Clasen, . . .
such sums of money as are due him, the appearer, for sale and delivery of a certain lot
whereon Sybout Clasen's house stands."— Pow^rj of Attorney, trans, by O'Callaghan, 148.
Three years later, Claessen
requests by petition a helping hand, as he was urged by the Schout to lay off his lot, which he bought
from Cornelis Meleyn and built on, and is not yet conveyed to him, nor has the lot been Surveyed
to him, and declares he bought 24 feet rear and front, but no writing is made of it; requesting con-
veyance thereof Whereupon is apostilled . . . the petitioner must wait for it [the deed],
until Cornelis Meleyn or some of his come here, who shall then be ordered duly to convey the lot. —
Rec.N.Am.,Nl\: 186-7.
In June, 1660, again in August, and in February, 1661, Melyn was vainly trying to
collect the price of the lot — 550 guilders, in beavers. Finally, the court ordered Claessen
to pay up, upon which the deed was delivered, March 19, 1661. It was not recorded, but
its existence is vouched for by the confirmation of 1667. — Patents, II: 88 (Albany).
Claessen had built his house before November, 1654. He complained then that his
"neighbours leave their lots unsheeted," and asked the burgomasters "to order, that the
gardens from the corner of the Ditch to the City Hall, be all equally planked up," which
was ordered to be done, including the City Hall building. — Rec. N. Am., I: 264.
Sybout Claessen died in 1680, providing by will that (except for a bequest of 1000 gl.,
wampum value, to the Dutch Church) his property should pass, after the death of his
widow, to her two daughters by her first husband — Wyntie, wife of Simon Barentsen, and
Susannah, wife of Reynier Willemsen. — Riker's Hist, of Harlem, i84«.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 315
Wyntie Aertsen, "otherwise Called Wintie Barentse," sold the Pearl Street front of
the lot to Stephanus van Cortlandt, in 1686. — Liber Deeds, XIII: 269. Willemsen's wife
sold her lot on the High Street to Abraham de Peyster, prior to 1706. — Recitals in Liber
Deeds, XXYl: 352.
No. 3
In 1660, all that remained to Cornelis Melyn of his holdings in this block was this little
house and its garden, which extended from the rear of Hendrick Jansen vander Vin's lot,
about 60 feet north of the Strand, to the Hoogh Straet.
Melyn seems to have been in New Amsterdam frequently between June, 1660, and
February, 1661, as his appearances in court prove. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 169, 178, 182, 198,
225. Probably, then, at the time of our view, he lived in the little house here depicted. In
1697, Jacob Melyn, a son of Cornelis, had a house at the corner of the High Street, on a
plot 20 X 20, which had been conveyed to him by the administrators of his mother's
estate, May 26, 1684; he sold it. May 26, 1697, to William Bickley, Senior. — Liber Deeds,
XXI: 228.
In 1680, Isaac Melyn, another son, mortgaged the lot where the little house stands '
to Gulyn Verplanck, for 1840 guilders. — Ibid., XII: 32. It seems to have passed under
foreclosure to Verplanck's estate. His heirs partitioned it, in 1722, having first secured a
release from Johannah, the only child of Isaac Melyn, then the wife of Jonathan Dickinson. —
Ibid., XXX: 267, 448.
Nos. I, 2, and 3 cover the site of the building at Nos. 93, 95, and 97 Broad Street.
No. 4
Mattheus de Vos, the notary, bought this confiscated lot of Melyn's, September 20,
165 1, but did not improve it. He sold it. May 16, 1656, to Adolph Pietersen, a house
carpenter, who built his house, as the Plan shows, on the Hoogh Straet. His descendants
still owned the property in ijig.^Liber Deeds, XXX: 434.
Before 1672, Pietersen built a house at the water-side, which he sold, on May 15 of that
year, to Albert Bosh, a cutler. — Ibid., B : 191 ; c/. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.),
1665-1672 (translated), 211-12.
Adolph Pietersen's life in New Amsterdam and New York may be traced through the
records for forty years. He was in the city before 1655, and died shortly before Nov-
ember 20, 1694. — Rec. N. Am., I: 372; M. C. C, I: 372. A man of dignity and force of
character, he seems to have been always highly respected by the magistrates and by his
neighbours. His judgment was esteemed as an arbiter in vexed questions concerning real
estate, and as an expert in building and surveying. The city government employed him
as a carpenter on the City Hall, the docks, and other public works; he was a sworn city
surveyor until his death. (See many entries in Rec. N. Am., and in M. C. C.)
Riker speaks of him in connection with the building of the Town House of Harlem,
1680-1682, for which, as Adolph Pietersen de Groot, he took the contract, for 250 guilders. —
Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 410, 418.
Selyns's List shows that Adolf Pietersen De Groot, his wife Aefje Dircksen, and Anietje
and Maria De Groot, presumably his daughters, were members of the Reformed Dutch
Church in New York, in 1686. — N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1841, p. 396.
No. s
This is the small house which Jacob Steendam, New Amsterdam's first poet, built
"wholely out of the line of the Street, . . . without the consent of the Fence viewers,
3i6 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
or the Court," in January, 1655. "Jacob Steendam insisted that he could build on his lot,
as he pleased." — Rec. N. Am., I: 276. On February ist, following, he tried again to move
the court by petition to allow his house to stand where he had put it. The petition is
endorsed: "Ordered that petitioner shall, pursuant to the survey of the Commissioners,
erect his house within 14 days from date . . . and that, meanwhile, he shall not
presume to build any further thereupon, before he has obeyed this injunction." — Ibid.,
I: 280. Steendam tried to get back at his grantor, Jacob Hendricksen Varrevanger, saying
that, "Whereas now [he has begun] to build, and is forbidden to erect on the furthest ground
on the street," he requests Varrevanger "to free the lot according to the deed of survey."
Varrevanger refers the matter back to his grantor, Cornelis van Tienhoven, who responds
that the lot is free from all conditions, but demands "that the survey executed by the
Road inspectors may be enforced." Steendam then asks that he may "be permitted to
place his house in question (opposite J. v. Couwenhoven) on the Strand, according to
survey, the Court granted the same." — Ibid., 285-6. But, after this flurry of ill-temper,
the poet just straightened his building line to agree with that of his neighbours on either
side, as the Plan proves, and did not move the house to the Strand. As this is the first
transaction entered before the burgomasters and schepens under the permission given
them by the Amsterdam Chamber, May 18, 1654 {Rec. N. Am., I: 219), so it is also the
earliest attempt to enforce a warrantee.
Jan Cornelisen van Hooren, the ancestor of the Van Horn family of New York, bought
the property, September 23, 1656 (Liber Deeds, A: 72), and sold the southerly part of the
lot, fronting to the "Waal," to his son, Cornelis Jansen, from Hooren, in September, 1659. —
Ibid., A: 174.
Cornelis Jansen, often called Cornelis Jansen Visser, from his occupation as a fisherman,
erected here the "shed" which is so clearly shown on the Plan, and which, according to
a deed of 1672 {ibid., B: 191), was the only building on the lot at that date. There
are three little sheds on the Plan. Possibly, all these were in use by the fishermen for storing
their nets, sails, and oars, etc.
This property, from street to street, was conveyed by Elizabeth van Home, widow of
Cornelius, and Philip and John van Home, to Charles McEvers, December 31, 1773. The
deed, by mistake, was entered in Liber Mortgages, III: 121. The original Van Home and
McEvers deeds, etc., are in the possession of the Title Guarantee & Trust Co.
Site: No. 61 Pearl Street; No. 26 Stone Street.
No. 6
Sybrant Jansen de Galma, a carpenter, like his neighbours, Sybout Claessen and Adolph
Pietersen, owned and occupied this house; he bought the third Melyn lot from Govert
Loockermans, who had the ground-brief of September 20, 1651.
Before October, 1661, Jansen had sold the southern end of his lot on the Strand to
Maria Treux, wife of Jan Peeck. The deed was not delivered until the mortgage was
satisfied, after February 28, 1671. — Rec. N. Am., VI: 286. In fact, the deed from Jansen
to Maria, by that time the widow of Jan Peeck, was recorded simultaneously with her deed
to Joris Jansen van Hoorn, August, 1672. — Liber Deeds, B: 200; cj. Book of Records of
Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 226-7.
As "Sybrant Johnson," the carpenter was taxed here in 1677. At the same time, the
constable reported him among the "Persons that haue noe Chimnyes or not fitt to keepe
fire in." — M. C. C, I: 42, 51. In 1682, "Sybrant Jonsen" still owned his house on the High
Street.^ — Liber Deeds, XII: 86.
Now Nos. 63 Pearl and 28 Stone Streets.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 317
No. 7
Skipper Adriaen Bloemmaert (Blommaert, Bloemert, Blommert) built this house on
the most easterly Melyn lot, for which he had received a ground-brief in September, 1651.
The Plan shows a handsome house on a wide lot, with a garden or orchard in the rear.
Actually, Adriaen Bloemmaert's lot was no wider than the others, measuring 25 Dutch
feet on the Strand and 20 feet on the Hoogh Straet. In wealth and social position, he was
superior to his neighbours; evidently, his home was appropriate to his means. Although
the Plan exaggerates the width of the house, it, no doubt, presents an otherwise faithful
picture of it.
Adriaen Bloem.maert is the only settler of this name known in New Amsterdam. In
October, 1644, he was granted permission to sail with his ship, "Prince Maurice," to New
Netherland {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 30), which is the first mention of him noted. He was,
evidently, high in favour with the authorities, both in Holland and in America. Sometimes
he sailed his own vessel, and sometimes acted as skipper for the Company.
In 1649, he was engaged in the trade with the West Indies. In one entry, Stuyvesant
expresses great anxiety because his vessel was overdue. He asks the commissary at the
Delaware River to inquire of incoming English captains "when they have left Barbadoes
and whether they have not heard of the galiot of Adrian Bloemert." — N. Y. Col. Docs.,
XII: 64. About this time (September 10, 1650), Augustine Herrman, in a letter complain-
ing of excessive harbour duties levied by Stuyvesant, says: "yet he will have it by force;
but Vastrick and Bloemert are gone free, or are paid for it." — Ihid., I: 444.
In 1652, the directors in Holland chartered Bloemmaert's ship, "bet Hoff van CleefF,"
for their trade to Cura9ao. They speak of the skipper in terms of great respect. — Ihid.,
XIV: 167, 173. In May, 1655, he was commander of the ship "New Amsterdam," but
by August of that year had been succeeded by Pieter Dircksen Waterhout. — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 280; Rec. N. Am., I: 348, et seq. Pieter Dircksen informed the fiscal that
Bloemmaert had altered the marks on some ankers of brandy imported in the "New Amster-
dam," whereupon the officer sued Bloemmaert; the latter, being absolved by the court,
promptly sued Pieter Dircksen for slander. — Rec. N. Am., II: 66; Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch,
160.
In 1657, Bloemmaert is mentioned as skipper of the "Hope" {N. Y. Col. Docs., II: 452);
in January of that year, he was nominated for schepen. — Rec. N. Am., II: 285. The
Records for 1657 are lost; according to O'Callaghan's Register of New Netherland, 62, he
was elected, and served, but O'Callaghan is undoubtedly in error. The schepens from
February, 1657, to January, 1658, were Beeckman, J. de Peyster, Loockermans, and H. J.
vander Vin. — Rec. N. Am., II: 289. Bloemmaert was one of the double number of eight
nominees, but not one of the four confirmed.
He sold his house here to Rem Jansen, at public sale, July 5, 1657, but the deed was
not delivered until June 19, 1659. — Liher Deeds, A: 161. As Jansen was then residing at
Fort Orange, Bloemmaert may have continued to live in the house.
Sieur Adriaen Bloemmart left New Amsterdam between August 26, 1659 {Rec. N. Am.,
Ill: 29), and September 15, 1659, when Walewyn vander Veen represented him as attorney.
— Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 143-4; Rec. N. Am., Ill: 204. He had
correspondents in more than one port of Europe, and evidently was a very successful trader.
In October, 1661, he seems to have been living at Harderwyk, in Holland. His death
occurred before September, 1663. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 368-9; IV: 306.
This is the only land on Manhattan with which the name of Bloemmart is connected,
and neither geographically nor chronologically can it be identified with the locality once
called "Bloemmart's Vly," the low wet land drained by a stream through the Graft.
3i8 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
The name "Bloemmarts Vly" seems to be a modern revival. It is first met with in a
letter from Isaac de Rasieres (c. 1628) to Samuel Bloemmart, his patron, a wealthy merchant
of Amsterdam, and one of the directors of the West India Company. In this letter, which
is printed in Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 97-115, the writer ingeniously suggests making
a small island of the lower extremity of Manhattan Island, on which the Fort was then
being built, "by cutting a canal through Blommaert's valley." Samuel Blommaert's
name had been bestowed in a complimentary fashion on various places in New Netherland,
which, however, he seems never to have visited. In Van Rensselaer's colony, for example,
there were Blommaert's Burg, Blommaert's Islands, and Blommaert's Kill, and the log of
the ship "Rensselaerswyck" (1636-7) mentions a cape called "bloemerts puint." Further-
more, Samuel Blommaert promptly renamed the Fresh River after himself, when he regis-
tered his colony there, in 1629. — Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 157, 198, 374. It is entirely
probable that his name was given in the same graceful fashion by De Rasieres or his con-
temporaries to this valley. It did not survive. No early real estate records mention it;
nor does it appear in the Records of New Amsterdam, or in other contemporary documents.
Rem Jansen, from Jeveren, the smith, seems to have divided his time between Fort
Orange, New Amsterdam, and Long Island. O'Callaghan {Rec. N. Am., VI: 5w) says he
was the ancestor of the Remsen family.
He married, here, in 1642, Jannetie Rapalje and d. in 1681, leaving fifteen ch. all of whom,
it is said, attended his funeral. He lived on his farm at the Wallabocht, in 1663, hence he is rep-
resented as of long Island. — Cf. Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 253.
Jansen is found in New Amsterdam as a patentee, in 1647 (Block J, No. 2), and also as
the purchaser of this house and garden. Yet he was often at Fort Orange — in 1650 he is
referred to in the records as an inhabitant there. — Fan Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 841.
He sold the northerly part of his garden here to Walter Salter, September 3, 1664.
The deed was not recorded until September i, 1666. — Liber Deeds, B: 102; cf. Book of
Records of Deeds ^ Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 53. Rem Jansen's own house
on the Strand was confirmed to him in 1668. — Patents, III: 19 (Albany). The Salter house,
built after the date of the Plan, was once the subject of a law-suit, for which see Rec. N.
Am., VI: 5-6, 24.
From a stray leaf of court records published in Hoi. Soc. Year Book, 1900, p. 118, under
date of August 31, 1663, and from the tax-list of 1665, it is apparent that Hans Stein occupied
the smith's house during those years. — Rec. N. Am., V: 222.
Nos. 8 AND 9
The Stadt Huys and "de Hall in de Hoogh Straet achter bet Stadthuijs," as the List, of
1660, calls it.
The Stadt Huys grounds were somewhat more than 100 feet wide at the Strand, and
somewhat less than 100 feet wide on the Hoogh Straet. No record of the size of the plot
has been found, but later conveyances prove its dimensions, exactly. Curiously, the block
between the Graft and the Stadt Huys Lane (Coenties Alley) is at least 25 feet too short
on the Plan. The shortage is all in the Stadt Huys plot, which measures only about 75 feet.
From this error, results an apparent disarrangement of the houses on the north side of the
High Street, in their relation to Coenties Alley. Thus, De Meyer's three houses (Block N,
Nos. 8, 9 and 10), seem to be too far east of the lane. His most westerly house, on the
site of the present No. 41 Stone Street, should be exactly opposite Coenties Alley, which
it was, in fact. Its attribution in Block N is correct. The lane is about 25 feet too far
west on the Plan.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 319
The history of the Stadt Huys will be found at length in the Chronology.
The existence on the Plan of the "hall," on the Hoogh Straet end of the City Hall plot,
apparently clears up the hitherto obscure meaning of several passages in the records.
Very likely, it was this small building which Harmen van Hoboocken, the schoolmaster,
proposed to use for a school, if permitted, when, on November 7, 1656, he
respectfully requests that your Honours would be pleased to grant him the hall and the side room for
the use of the school and as a dwelling, inasmuch as he, the petitioner, does not know how to manage
for the proper accommodation of the children during winter, for they much require a place adapted
for fire and to be warmed.
The burgomasters answered:
Whereas the City Hall of this City, the hall and little room whereof the petitioner now requests
for a school and dwelling, are not at present in repair and are, moreover, required for other purposes
the same cannot be allowed him. — Rec. N. Am., W: 219-20.
It seems obvious that the building in the rear of the Stadt Huys, which may well
have been divided into a hall for assembly and a side-room, was "a place adapted for
fire," a condition which could scarcely have applied to an entrance hall or passage-way.
The schoolmaster can hardly have asked for the use of the main hall, or assembly room, in
the Stadt Huys itself. What "other purposes" the little building was required for, has
not transpired. The ground on which it stood — 40 feet on the High Street and 20 feet
on the "Hall Lane formerly called the State House Lane" — was sold to Jan Smedes, a
public carman, by the city, October 10, 1667. — Recitals in Liber Deeds, XHI: 39.
BLOCK P
No. I
This house, at the period of the making of the Plan, was in possession of George (Joris)
Wolsey, though the deed is dated a few months later. — See Key to Map of Dutch Grants.
George Wolsey, or Woolsey, an Englishman and a native of Yarmouth, was for some
years factor in New Amsterdam for the famous New England merchant, Isaac AUerton.
In AUerton's absence, he twice petitioned for permission, and was finally, in 1656, allowed,
to tap. From this time on, he followed the business of a licensed tavern-keeper. — Cal.
Hist. MSS., Dutch, 176; Rec. N. Am., II: 263. In 1648, he was appointed a fire-warden. —
Ibid., I: 5.
He bought the premises shown on the Plan from his brother-in-law, Carel van Brugge
(Bridges), and sold them, in February, 1669, to William Pattison (Paterson) {Liber Deeds,
B: 152; cf. Book of Records of Deeds tj Transfers, etc., 1665-1672, translated, 143-4), from
whom they were confiscated by Colve, in 1673. The lot was re-granted to Lodowyck Pos, in
October, 1673, in lieu of his house in Block A (No. 2). Pos requested "the house next the
City Hall; otherwise 'twill be impossible for him to move." He received this house, formerly
Paterson's, on payment of eighty florins. — N. Y. Col. Docs., II: 629-638.
Wolsey also owned land at Flushing, which he bought in 1647 from Thomas Robertson. —
Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 41. He married, December 9, 1647, Rebecca, daughter of Thomas
Cornell, an English settler of Westchester, and sister of Sarah, who married, first, Thomas
Willett, and, after his death, Charles Bridges.— Mar^-wg^j in Ref. Dutch Ch., 14.
NOS. 2, 3, 4, AND 5
The property, at the period of the Plan, of Charles Bridges, who was an Englishman,
although known to his Dutch neighbours as Carel van Brugge. Bridges, a native of Can-
320 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
terbury, married, in November, 1647, Sarah, the daughter of Thomas Cornell, of Cornell's
Neck, Westchester. She was at the time the widow of Thomas Willett, a soldier in the
West India Company's service, to whom she had been married in 1643. — Marriages in Ref.
Dutch Ch., 14; Rec. N. Am., II: iih.
These premises came to Bridges as the property of Sarah, whose first husband had, on
July 4, 1645, secured the ground-brief for a large plot lying between the Strand and the
Hoogh Straet. — Patents, II: 47 (Albany); see Key to Map of Dutch Grants.
Prior to the 8th of April, 1656, Van Brugge's grounds rose steeply from the narrow lane
between his property and the City Hall. After court proceedings for that day were over,
"at or just after the adjournment or rising of the Bench," the schout, burgomasters, and
schepens ordered Care! van Brugge, for "the good of this City," to let the Court Messenger
"take without any hindrance, from the Hill before his lot, lying next the City Hall as much
earth as shall be required for filling in before the City Hall." — Rec. N. Am., II: 85.
The line of dots on the Plan, defining the old lane and meeting Van Brugge's fence on
the Strand, indicates the extent of this levelling. George Wolsey's house (No. i, supra)
was afterward built on the site of the knoll which had been so removed.
In 1639, Charles Bridges came to New Amsterdam from the West Indies, but returned
thither to become a member of council and commissary at Curasao, under Stuyvesant;
the latter brought him back to New Amsterdam when he assumed the directorship, in 1647.
Bridges became commissary at Fort Orange in November of that year, and commissary of
the provincial accounts in 1651; he was provincial secretary and vendue-masterin 1652-53. —
Rec. N. Am., I: 66; II: iim.
On December 3 1, 1656, he was one of three commissioners who went in a small boat up
the East River, through Hell Gate, to Eastchester (Oostdorp), under the pilotage of Claes
Bordingh, taking with them the appointments of the magistrates made by Stuyvesant and
his council, to whom they were to administer the oath of allegiance. His co-commissioners
on this mission were Captain Brian Newton and Secretary Van Ruyven. The errand was
highly successful, and the three delegates returned to New Amsterdam on the first day
of the New Year. — Doc. Hist. N. Y., Svo. ed., 921.
Bridges was one of the patentees of Flushing, L. I., and did much to develop this and
the adjoining towns. He became van Brugge again after the surrender of 1673 to Colve,
and, because of his excellent knowledge of the languages and his position in both good
Dutch and English circles, he was appointed clerk of the five English towns on Long Island. — •
Rec. N. Am., II: ii«.
He died at Flushing, in August, 1682. — Idem. Sarah Cornell survived him, and mar-
ried, April 16, 1692, "a lunatic son of John Lawrence" — the matter being later referred to
the Prerogative Court. — Cal. Coun. Min., 71.
Carel van Brugge did not, as has been asserted, build his own house on the High or
Stone Street.
The homestead plot, 36 feet wide, remained in the Willett family until 1783, when
John Willet sold it to John B. Coles. — Liher Deeds, XLIV: 484. Carel van Brugge had
acquired only a life interest by his marriage with Mrs. Willett.
Nos. 3, 4, and 5 also belonged to the Willett estate. In 1717, when Jacob De Key and
his wife, Sarah (Willett) De Key, sold their inheritance to Samuell Bayard {Liber Deeds,
XXXI: i), the rest of the property still belonged to Richard and Thomas Willett.
Site of house No. yj, and part of No. 79, Pearl Street.
Nos. 6 AND 7
Solomon La Chair purchased from Carel van Brugge the most easterly part of the
THE CASTELLO PLAN 321
Willett grant, 22 feet wide, running from the Waal to the Hoogh Straet, and bounded east
by "a certain little lane."
La Chair was in possession earlier than March 28, 1658, although the deed to him was
not registered until April 16, 1661. — Liber Deeds, A: 201.
The lane was entirely on the Smith grant, and no part of it ever belonged to the Willett-
Van Brugge family. This explains La Chair's anxious inquiry, on March 28, 1658, when
he asks
by petition to know if the street lying beside his lot to the left of Carel van Brugge and bought
from him shall be given for a lot; or if a street shall remain, and demands a categorical answer.
Is thereupon apostiiled — The street remains provisionally in its effect for the use of the City until
further order. — Rec. N. Am., II: 366.
Cold comfort indeed for an intending builder! However, La Chair, after delaying for a
few months, built his house on the Waal; it was "newly commenced" in October, 1658,
according to recitals in a mortgage on the lot across the lane. — Mortgages, 1654-60, trans,
by O'Callaghan, iii.
La Chair had been a tapster since 1655.- — Rec. N. Am., I: 401. Apparently, he moved
his tavern to his new house here. In December, 1658, he borrowed 642 guilders from
Pieter Tonneman and Jacobus Vis, and, the year following, ten beavers from Isaac Bedloe,
"for delivered Spanish wine," securing both creditors by mortgages on this property.
Business did not prosper, and La Chair tried several other ways of making a living. In
1660, he farmed the excise on Long Island. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 219, and on January
13, 1661, he petitioned to be admitted as a notary. — Ibid., 220. The first entry in the
Register, of his official acts, is a record of his appointment as notary public, on January 20,
1661, having been previously examined, on December 31, 1660, "by the Hon"'*^ Johan de
Decker." — Register of Solomon Lachaire, trans, by O'Callaghan, i.
He carefully kept the Register until the end of October, 1662 and probably until his
death, which occurred between November 14, 1662 and January 9, 1663. — Rec. N. Am.,
IV: 163, 175.
La Chair had sold his house on the Waal to Oloff Stevensen van Cortlant, in September,
1661. — Liber Deeds, A: 243. The small house on the Hoogh Straet (No. 7) was sold by
his administrators to Ariaen van Laer, shoemaker, June 9, 1666. Van Laer was "of Mid-
wout," in January, 1667, when he resold to Cornelis Jansen Oost. — Ibid., B: 99, 107; cf.
Book of Records of Deeds \3 Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 47, 62. These deeds
recite "a house (uninhabited)" to the east, formerly in the tenure of Arent Isaacsen.
Nos. 8, 9, AND 10
Richard Smith's grant of July 4, 1645, covered all the land on which houses numbered
8, 9, 10 and 11 stand, as well as the little street or lane. Smith's own house was built
prior to August 16, 165 1, when he either mortgaged or sold his property, "according to the
ground-brief" to GillisPietersen.—iV. F. Co/. MSS., Ill: 90; ['] c/. Ca/.Hwi. MSS., Dw/cA, 54.
This instrument does not mention the lane, but as this was a private road, over his own
land, it was probably in existence at the time the house was built. It was closed by Novem-
ber 2, 1662. On that day, Thomas Willett, as Smith's attorney, sold the house and lot of
Ritzert (Richard) Smith, "North oi the Waal, bounded on the West by the house and lot of
the Honble. Burgomaster Olof Stevensen, North by the Hoogh Straat, East by the super-
structure and lot of Jan Hend. Stelman and South by the aforesaid Wall'' to Tomas
Wandel. — Liher Deeds, A: 286. Within a few months, Wandel sold the little house on
the Hoogh Straet, with the shallow lot shown on the Plan, to Arien Huybersen. This
['] This instrument was, evidently, a deed, given as security: in effect, a mortgage.
322 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
deed included also part of the lane. It was 45 feet, 6 inches, wide on the street, and only
22 feet deep. — Ibid., B: 12; cf. Deeds and Conveyances (etc.), 1659-1664, trans, by O'Cal-
laghan, 308-9.
Thomas Willett sold the remainder of Smith's holdings here to Jan Hendricksen Steel-
man. The lot immediately adjoining Smith's house was sold "with a certain superstructure
upon it" (No. 10); the adjoining lot to the east, as "an improved lot."
The superstructure is clearly shown on the Plan. It looks as if Smith had built it for
a storehouse. The improvements on the next lot probably refer to the fencing and grading.
These deeds were made on July 15, 1661, and October 30, 1662, respectively. — Liber
Deeds, A: 232, 285.
Evert Duycking, who lived in house No. ii, had been authorised a year earlier to sell
Smith's vacant land. He declared, March 28, 1659, that "M^ Smitt himself has valued
it at fl. 500 in Beavers; he expects him here shortly." — Rec. N. Am., VII: 218.
Richard Smith is not found in New Amsterdam earlier than July, 1645, the date of his
ground-brief. He never became a permanent resident, his Manhattan holdings being
generally managed through his attorneys, and, in 1662, he permanently disposed of all
his New Amsterdam property (stipra). — See Innes's New Amsterdam and its People, 218-22.
Smith's home was on the site of the building Nos. 87-9 Pearl Street. The lots sold to
Jan Hendricksen Steelman covered Nos. 91, 93, and 95 Pearl Street.
The lot where the superstructure stands was never improved by Steelman. In Septem-
ber, 1674, Jacob Kip and Asset Levy, curators of the estate of the late Jan Hendriksz
Steelman, alias Coopall, gave a deed of it, still vacant, to the widow and heirs of the late
Burger Joris. — Original Book of N. Y. Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, p. 47.
At the same time, they conveyed to Guilaine Verplanck a "certain brick dwelling," which
Steelman had built on the south part of his easterly lot. — Ibid., 48. This building stood
on the site of No. 95 Pearl Street.
Jan Hendricksen died in 1670. His neighbours knew him as Coopall ("Buy-all," or
"Grab-all"), from his inveterate habit of seizing every opportunity to secure land or more
portable things of value, usually without much thought as to whether he could pay for
them or not. It would be difficult to determine, after the lapse of two centuries and a half,
whether he was merely unfortunate, or as unscrupulous as he was lacking in the capital
necessary to forward his enterprises. After making purchases of land or merchandise,
he was perpetually in court, being sued for the purchase-money. Too many entries for
citation in this brief sketch are found in the early land records and in the records of the bur-
gomasters court, representing him as defendant in such litigations, brought by the direc-
tor-general himself, and by Christopher Hooghlant, OlofF Stevensen van Cortlandt,
Jacobus Backer, Bartholdus Maan, and many other of the most substantial burghers. It
is not to be wondered at that, at his death, his estate was found to be wretchedly, even
pitiably, insolvent.
On the 2nd of December, 1670, occurs this pathetic passage:
Uppon the Petition of the Widdow of Jan Hendrix Steelman alias Coopall, the Worship.'
Mayor, with the Advice of the Ald'men . . . this day ordered that the s^ Widdow should
be allowed out of hur Late husbands Estate to support hur this Winter the Vallue of tenne beavers. —
Rec. N. Am., VI: 274.
No. II
Evert Duyckingh's new house on the Hoogh Straet is not as large as his old home on the
Slyck Steegh (Block M, No. 12). The neighbourhood, however, was better. Very likely,
the smaller house was built with every comfort known to the times; for Duyckingh was
THE CASTELLO PLAN 323
a prosperous man in 1656, when he bought this lot from Richard Smith, the elder. — Liber
Deeds, A: 77.
In 1686, Domine Selyns's List certifies that Evert Duyckingh and his wife, Hendrickje
Simons, whom he had married more than forty years eadier, were still living in this house.
Apparently, one of their daughters, Cytie, wife of Willem Bleek, lived with them. At that
time, De Heer Nicolas Bayard and his wife, Judith Verleth, lived next door, on the corner
of the High Street and the Burger's Path. With them lived their kinswoman, Francina
Hermans. On the other side, resided the family of Hendrick Wessels Ten Broeck, who
had bought the house behind Steelman's large stone dwelling in Pearl Street, June 30, 1674.
— Original Book of N. Y. Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913, pp. 36-7. Evert
could have desired no better neighbours.
Here he probably died. In 1727, his descendants, the heirs of Evert van de Water,
sold the property, from street to street.- — Liber Deeds, XXXI: 204.
Site: Nos. 62 and 64 Stone Street, and Nos. 99 and loi Pearl Street. The Ten Broeck
house was a wide one, and occupied the site of No. 60 Stone Street.
Nos. 12 AND 13
Abraham Martens Clock was a carpenter at Rensselaerswyck as early as February,
1642 {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 18), and "is credited in the accounts with various amounts
for work done between 1644 and 1646, notably on the house of Adriaen van der Donck on
Castle Island, which burned down in Jan., 1646." — Fan Rensselaer Bozvier MSS., 833.
He was in New Amsterdam before 1653 {Rec. N. Am., I: 50), working at his trade. He is
spoken of as a miller in the order granting him a ground-brief, August 11, 1655. — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 150. On November 22, 1656, he petitioned for a grant of a piece of land in
front of his house across the Heere Wegh. — Ibid., 178.
By 1660, Abraham Clock had built the substantial house on the Strand for his own
residence; and the little house facing the present Hanover Square for his son, Albert.
Clock was a skilled mechanic, and his opinion was frequently sought by the magistrates.
In 1660, he and Frederick Philipse journeyed to Midwout together, to inspect the work on
the church there. — Ibid., 210. He died between June 13, 1665, and October 10, 1667.^ — •
Rec. N. Am., V: 246; Patents, II: 117 (Albany). Tryntje, his widow, sold the north end
of her garden, about twenty-three feet wide towards Hanover Square, to William Patterson,
in 1669. Confiscated by Colve, this lot was re-granted to Nicholas Bayard, October 4,
1673. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Eng., 19-433.
In 1678, Ephraim Herrman procured a patent from Andros for this corner lot, reciting
a deed from Bayard {Patents, IV: 145, Albany), but Bayard seems never to have renounced
possession of it. It was still owned by Samuel Bayard in 1749. — Liber Deeds, XXXV: 304.
No doubt, Nicholas Bayard built the house on this corner in which he lived in 1686. (See
notes on No. 11.)
In 1686, Albert Klock and his wife, Trintje Abrahams, and Martin Klock and his wife,
Elizabeth Abrahams, still lived here, according to Selyns's List, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collec-
tions, 1841, p. 393.
In 1696, Albert sold his little house, 23 feet wide on the Burger's Path, with an average
depth of 17 feet — just the dimensions shown on the Plan {Liber Deeds, XXIII: 24), but he
must have repurchased it, for, in 1698, the brothers owned adjoining houses, fronting to
Dock street. — Recitals in ibid., XXX, 154.
The site is that of the old Cotton Exchange Building; later William R. Grace and
Company's building; now, in part, occupied by the "India House."
324 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
BLOCK Q
No. I
Teuntje Straatmans and her fourth husband, Gabriel Carpesy, of Louvain, built here
the two small houses under one roof. As they lived at Gouwanus they rented these little
houses, at 50 florins per annum, or one guilder weekly — to Mathys MuUer, town watchman,
and Gerrit Pilser. In February, 1660, both tenants were sued for arrears of rent; each
set up as a defense that the houses were neither water-tight nor habitable; they were
obliged to pay, nevertheless.- — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 132, 137. Teuntje Straatmans, accord-
ing to Riker {Hist, of Harlem, 42%), "had lived in the Dutch colony at Fort Margariete, in
Brazil, and had already had three husbands."
William Paterson bought the houses in February, 1669, for 50 beavers (about $160). —
Liber Deeds, B: 151; cf. Book of Records of Deeds i^ Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated),
142-3. They were confiscated by Colve, and regranted to Pieter Harmensen {Liber Deeds,
XIII: 3), in lieu of his demolished house near the Fort {Rec. N. Am., VII: 12, etseq.), but
had fallen to pieces and been removed by 1677. The tax-list of that year enumerates,
among the vacant places, "Patersons corner by y^ Wall 28 foot front to y^ Wall." — M. C. C,
I: 55. The National City Bank now covers the land of Teuntje Straatmans and her
neighbours.
No. 2
The house of Albert Cornelissen Wantenaar must have been newly built when the
Plan was drawn, his grant dating only from January, 1659; it was not registered until
July, 1660. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 209; Liber HH (2): 113 (Albany).
Originally from Vechten, he married here, in 1648, Tryntje, widow of Huych Aertsen,
of Utrecht. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 15. They settled at Breuckelen, of which place
he was magistrate in 1654-57. — Laws & Ord., N. Neth., 160, 304-5.
In 1660, Cornelissen was one of a commission appointed to examine the vicinity of
Breuckelen, report how many new plantations could be laid out there, prepare a map,
etc. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 210.
No. 3
Pieter Jansen, the Norman, ['] was settled here before 1657 {Liber Deeds, A: 85),
although his patent did not issue until 1664.
Pieter Jansen Trinbolt (Trynburgh, Trynenburgh) had, in earlier years, worked for
Jochim Pietersen Kuyter, at Harlem. He was there when the Zegendal plantation was
burned by the Indians, on the night of March 4, 1644. — CaL Hist. MSS., Dutch, 26; Riker's
Hist, of Harlem, 161. Intending to settle at Harlem, he secured a patent for 150 acres
there, March 11, 1647 {Liber GG: 171, Albany), having, as an associate in the enterprise,
Huyck Aertsen, schepen of Breuckelen. The death of Aertsen, soon after, prevented
Jansen from improving this land — for Aertsen had been the moneyed partner — and the
patent reverted to the town. Jansen and his young wife, Lysbeth Janszen, of Amsterdam,
whom he married July 7, 1647 {Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 14), went to Long Island,
where he took up land on the south side of the Norman's Kill (Bushwick), and established
a hamlet of four or five families, in 1662. — A'^. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 513.
Jansen must have died during the summer of 1662, for, on October 6th of that year,
his widow was married to Joost Janszen Cocquijt, from Brugge. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch
('] For an extended and interesting record of this Norwegian settler, see Evjen's Scand. Immigrants, 81, et seq.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 325
Ch., 28. In 1665, the property was still taxed to Pieter Janzen — probably in error, although
it may be that a son, of the same name, continued to occupy the house. — Rec. N. Am.,
V: 222.
For a full account of the Harlem patent, see Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 161, 165, 275, 279.
No. 4
Pieter Andriessen Schoorsteenveger (chimney-sweeper) came over with Bronck, in
1639 (see Remarks on Manatus Maps, No. 43), and immediately hired a plantation from
him. — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIII: 5. In 1648, he was a tavern-keeper at New Amsterdam. —
Rec. N. Am., 1:8. In the meantime, he had patented land on Long Island (October 19,
1645). — Liber GG: 122 (Albany). In October, 1655, while attempting to rescue his cattle
from this bouwerie, he, with three others, was captured by the Indians. The director
and council refused to ransom them, because, "as soon as the other savages, who have 73 of
our people as prisoners, would hear, that so much has been paid for 4, they would demand
a considerable sum." — N. Y. Col. Docs., XIII: 43, 45. The chimney-sweep secured the
small burgherright in 1657, but was dead before May, 1664. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 151;
V: 66. (See this settler in Block N, No. 6.)
No. s
Jacob Jansen Moesman contracted with Abraham Jansen, the carpenter, to build this
house, which was not completed when the Plan was made, although Moesman was living
in it, as the List informs us. In July, 1661, the carpenter sued for 272 guilders, and an
otter as a present. Moesman acknowledged the obligation, but alleged that "the job is
not yet finished ... a chimney mantel has yet to be made, also that the doors of the
store house must be made to shut, which is not denied by the pltf." — Rec. N. Am., Ill:
334. The "Worshipful Court" ordered the carpenter to make the mantel-piece, when Moes-
man must pay the bill. It was not paid, however, until the carpenter procured an order
to have the house sold, under execution of this judgment, in September, 1661. — Ibid., Ill:
356.
Soon after he had bought the lot, Moesman contracted for eight apple trees, for which
he was to pay 40 florins, which he did not do. The vendor sued, demanding payment,
"or that he may take the apple trees back." — Ibid., II: 343. Whether the eight small
trees shown on the Plan are these identical apple trees, will never now be known.
Moesman sold the house, November i, 1670, to Dirck Jansen Smith, taking a purchase
money mortgage of 9,600 pounds of good tobacco {Liber Deeds, A: 86), which proves that
property values were appreciating in this section.
Nos. 6 AND 7
These lots were sold at auction by Pieter Cornelissen van der Veen, March 29, 1659;
Arien Dircksen bought No. 6 {Liber Deeds, A: 224-5), ^^^ Abraham de la Noy, the younger,
bought No. 7. — Ibid., A: 196.
Hanover Street was later cut through exactly on the line of De la Noy's lot.
No. 8
Lambert Huybertsen Mol, a ship carpenter, built this house, on the site of the Sampson
Building, 63 Wall Street. He was sometimes known as Lambert Huybertsen Klomp
{Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 47); he was in the colony as early as 1641 {Liber GG: 42, Albany)
and as late as 1674 (N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1841, pp. 387-8); and was apparently
still living in 1696, when he is mentioned as owning land at Hurley. — Ibid., 1892, p. 464.
326 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Always a useful and respected citizen, Mol built gun-carriages for the Fort, and had
a ship-yard in the Smith's Valley. He was, unfortunately, a heavy drinker, and this
habit got him into many scrapes, which are quaintly set forth in the Records of New Am-
sterdam (III: 209, 212; IV: 137, 205, 208).
Nos. 9 AND 9— A
The tavern and grounds of Sergeant Daniel Litschoe, on the Strand, just inside the
city wall, covered the site of the Eagle Building, at the south-west corner of Wall and
Pearl Streets, and all the land on Wall Street as far west as the Sampson Building, at
No. 65. The cutting through of Beaver Street obliterated his entire water front, and the
widening of Wall Street demolished the north wall of his garden and reduced its size.
Daniel Litschoe, sergeant in the service of the West India Company, was stationed at
Parahyba, Brazil, when, about 1646, he married Anna Claes Croesens, the young widow
of Jan Jansen Swaartveger. She had a little son, Hermanus, then three years old. The
boy was born in the neighbouring province of Rio Grande do Norte (Natal), at the "Castel,"
or fort, there. Swaartveger, undoubtedly, was also a soldier. — Mhi.of Orpk. Court, I: 216-
220. For an account of Litschoe, at Parahyba, see Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 48.
The sergeant must have been transferred to New Amsterdam soon after his marriage,
for his only child, Anna, was baptised there, June 6, 1647 {Baptisms in Dutch Ch., N. Y., 22),
Martiri Cregier standing godfather for her; at that time, Litschoe was still in the Company's
employ {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 109), but, in the ensuing March, he is found among the
tavern-keepers of the town. — Rec. N. Am., I: 8.
Litschoe bought his property here from Abraham Verplanck; after building his large
house, he rented the smaller one to the north (very probably Adam Roelantsen's old home —
see Key to Map of Dutch Grants) to Andries Jochemsen, May 13, 1651 {Cal. Hist. MSS.,
Dutch, 52), and sold it to Tryntje Scheerenburgh, June 22, 1653. — Liber Deeds, A: 7-8.
For the history of the old house, which stood very close to the city gate, on the lot where
the first guard-house was afterwards built, see Chronology, June 22, 1653.
After the wall was built, Litschoe bought two adjoining lots on the Cingel, June, 1656
{ibid., A: 52), finished the improvements on his property, and kept an orderly tavern
here until his death, which occurred between December 6, 1661 — the date of his will — and
April 6, 1662, when his widow was required to file an inventory of his property. — Min. of
Orph. Court, I: 216-20. Mrs. Litschoe was still living here in July, 1677. — M. C. C, I: 50.
Their daughter, Anna, married William Peartree, who was mayor of the city in 1703-07.
— M. C. C, VIII: 150. She and her husband released the homestead in 1706. — Liber
Deeds, XXVI: 178. Her descendant, William Peartree Smith, retained some of the Wall
Street lots until 1783. — Ibid., LVI: 178.
No. 10
Jacob Jansen Plodder's neglected little house and lot, which he bought from Claes
Hendiicksen, May 17, 1654, and which, at the time of the Plan, were a source of great
annoyance to his neighbours. (See No. 11.) On account of his neglect, the property was
forfeited to his Royal Highness (the Duke of York), and regranted to Balthazar de Haart,
June 28, 1667. — Patents, II: 56 (Albany); Key to Map of Dutch Grants.
Jacob Jansen Gardenier, alias Plodder, from Kampen, in the province of Overyssel,
was a carpenter by trade; he probably came out in September, 1637, in "den Harinck,"
with Claes Jansen Ruyter. In April, 1654, he bought a large parcel of land in this block,
fronting to the wall, for "one thousand pieces of green planks." — Rec. N. Am., I: 318.
He was sued by the Damen heirs {idem), but must have paid up, for he got his deed,
THE CASTELLO PLAN 327
January 22, 1656; he sold the entire tract off in lots, June 24, 1656. — Key to Map of
Dutch Grants.
His interests were principally at Rensselaerswyck. There is an excellent biographical
sketch of Flodder in the Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., p. 816, and a more extended account
by Dingman Versteeg in The New Netherland Register, for January, 191 1.
No. II
John Lawrence, an Englishman, purchased, in June, 1659, this house, where Willem
Beeckman had formerly lived. Although not an imposing looking building, it was sold,
in 1656, for 2,600 Carolus guilders. — Powers of Attorney, trans, by O'Callaghan, 179. Dur-
ing Beeckman's occupancy, there had been a mill-house on the rear of the plot, removed
in 1656. — Liber Deeds, A: 58; Rec. N. Am., I: 414. John Lawrence, patentee at Hemp-
stead and Flushing in 1644-5, and town clerk of the latter place in 1648 {Laws y Ord.,
N. Neth., 42, 48, 97), was also an early trader in New Amsterdam. He did not speak
Dutch, which hampered him, and led to a sharp misunderstanding with Notary Solomon
La Chair, who was accused of "having slandered the whole English Nation as a deceitful
people," because of his quarrel with this one Englishman. — Rec. N. Am., H: 151, 180, 259.
Lawrence resented Flodder's neglect of his adjoining property, and prevailed upon the
court to write a letter to the court at Albany, in 1666, calling Flodder's attention to the
decay of his fences and sheet piling, "to the injury of his neighbors." — Ibid., VI: 37-8.
In 1667, he alleges that he "has been now for some years at the expence of keeping up the
fence on one side of Jacob Plodders lot, lying next" his own. — Ibid., VI: 92. Evidently,
he had trouble, also, with Andries Joghimsen, his neighbour on the other side. — Ibid.,
Ill: 299. He was still taxed here in 1677. — M. C. C, I: 50.
During the Dutch regime, Mr. Lawrence did not hold office, although, with Van Ruyven
and Van Cortlant, he went to Hartford, in October, 1663, to remonstrate against the aggres-
sive measures adopted by the colony of Connecticut. (See the Journal of these commis-
sioners, printed in Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 425-45.) When the English appeared before
New Amsterdam, Lawrence "begged that he might be allowed to remain neutral in the
impending conflict." — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 268. He afterwards took the oath of
allegiance, among the Dutchmen. — N. Y. Col. Docs., Ill: 74-77. He was a member of
the first board of aldermen under Nicolls {Rec. N. Am., I: 213; V: 249-50), mayor, in
1672-3 and in 1691 {M. C. C, VIII: 149); alderman, in 1684, 1687, and 1689 {ibid., I:
157, 191, 205), and deputy mayor under Andros, in 1674. — Ibid., VIII: 145.
He was councilor of the province from 1672 to 1679, except during the period of Dutch
re-occupation, and again from 1692 to 1698 {Cal. Coun. Min., 7, 8); sheriff of Queens
County in 1699 {ibid., 137); and judge of the supreme court in 1693 {ibid., 53), an office
which he held until his death, in 1699. For further particulars regarding John Lawrence
(or Laurence), see Exec. Coun. Min., ed. by V. H. Paltsits, I: 152 n.
Nos. 12-A, 12-B, AND 12-C
Three houses belonging, in 1660, to Andries Jochemsen. All the evidence indicates
that Claes Hendricksen, master carpenter, built them before he went to Albany, in 1654
or 1655. — Powers of Attorney, trans, by O'Callaghan, 141. He and Jochemsen mortgaged
"their house and lot situate within this city on the East river," jointly, March 16, 1656
{Mortgages, 1654-60, trans, by O'Callaghan, 27-8), to the estate of Cornelis Volckertsen,
showing that at that date the builder retained an interest in the property, though his deed
to Jochemsen was dated earlier. The "great house," as the most southerly one was called,
had been Hendricksen's own residence (Jochemsen's, in 1660). The next adjoining one
328 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
he rented to Claes Claesen Smith, in 1655. This tenant allowed the orchard and garden
to be destroyed by goats. He claimed:
that being a Soldier in the Company's Service, he has been to the South, and that the goats
meanwhile broke into the garden; the injury having thus occurred he could not prevent it and
therefore is not bound to make good the same. On the other hand, Claes [the carpenter], the
lessee, promised him the cellar of the great house . . . and he never had the use of it. — Rec.
N. Am., I: 405-6.
The third house was occupied, in 1654, by Madame Agatha vander Donck. One of
Hendricksen's last acts before leaving New Amsterdam was to try to collect some rent she
owed him. Her distinguished son, Adriaen, became her security for the amount. — Powers
of Attorney, trans, by O'Callaghan, 170-1. This gentlewoman had the Beeckmans for
neighbours when she lived here. Andries Jochemsen, who seems to have been a sail-
maker by trade — he made sails for the little vessel, the "New Love" {Rec. N. Am., I:
245-6, 248) — decided to open a tavern in the great house, and secured his license in 1657. —
Ibid.,Yll: 155.
The anchorage ground for larger vessels was fixed in this vicinity, by ordinance {Laws
y Ord., N. Neth., 71, 237, 312; see also Chronology, July 4, 1647, August 11, 1656; June 12,
1657), and the recitals in Patents, IV: 37 (Albany) designate this spot as "the waterside
where the shipps ride at anchor."
Naturally, most of the inn-keeper's patrons were sailors, as his dealings prove. In one
instance, one of his patrons, a confiding skipper, went security for his cook, pilot, sail-
maker, and gunner. The court ordered Willem Bordingh, the skipper, to pay 141 guilders,
19 stivers, for himself, the cook, the pilot, and the sail-maker; but the gunner had to pay
his own reckoning, of 80 guilders, "as the skipper was not responsible for the same." —
Rec. N. Am., Ill: 396. On another occasion, John Lawrence, Jr., Jochemsen's next-
door neighbour, accidentally shot him, wounding him but slightly. The boy said "he
fired a gun on the arrival of a bark and had previously looked out and seen no one." —
Ibid., Ill: 342. Jochemsen was ordered by the court, in January, 1667, to pay 381 flor-
ins, still due on a mortgage on his property, "within one month after the first sloops
shall have left A\h2iny." [^— Rec. N. Am., VI: 53.
These houses occupied the site of Nos. 125, 127, 129, and 131 Pearl Street.
No. 13
Willem Pietersen bought this house from Claes Hendricksen. The confirmation describes
it as "bounded South to the water-side where the ships ride." — Patents, IV: 37 (Albany).
A narrow lane afterwards separated it from Govert Loockermans's land. This lane is
now widened into Hanover Street, and the building running from No. 123 Pearl Street to
No. 76 Beaver Street covers the remnant of Pietersen's lot. He was a tapster, as well
as a dealer in wines and spirits. — Rec. N. Am., II: 263, 266; Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 144,
145. For an account of the controversy over the deed to this lot, see Rec. N. Am., I: 63.
No. 14
Sieur Govert Loocquermans, as de Sille called him, had retained less than two hundred
feet of his land at the Waal. By his marriage with Marritje Jans, widow of Tymen Jansen,
the ship carpenter, on July 11, 1649, he had acquired the latter's grant, of 1643, which
comprised all the water front between the property of Burger Jorissen and that of Sergeant
Litschoe. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 15; Liber GG: 71 (Albany).
In 1660, his holdings covered the ground which is now occupied by the northerly end of
['] Evidently, the Inn-keeper expected to be in funds as a result of the opening of navigation.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 329
the Cotton Exchange, all of the Coffee Exchange, the buildings at 119-121 Pearl Street,
and most of Hanover Street. His stone dwelling house, next to Van Brugh's, was finished
before November, 1657 (recitals, Liber Deeds, A: 108). He had taken the precaution to
secure an uninterrupted view, by procuring, on December 21, 1656, a grant of the consider-
able strip of foreshore between the road and the river. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 178. As the
Plan shows, a fine wall, pierced by two gateways, extended along the roadway. This was
built before 1654, for Cornells Willemsen van Linde burglarised the premises "during the
public celebrations for peace between England and Holland," and it was alleged that he
must have had accomplices to help him scale the wall. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 140, 141.
A more ancient dwelling, as the Plan shows, stood back some distance from the road.
Loockermans and his family were living in this old house in 1653 (recited in Liber HH:
12, Albany). It may have been built by Tymen Jansen, Mrs. Loockermans's first husband,
or by Dirck Corneliszen, her second husband, to whom she had been married on August 28,
1646. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 14. The records contain nothing definite concerning it.
Loockermans built a third house, on the site of 119-121 Pearl Street, which he probably
occupied at the time of his death; for, on the settlement of his estate, Marritje Jans, his
widow, Balthazar Bayard, husband of his daughter, Mary, Hans Kierstede, who had mar-
ried his daughter, Johanna, and Jacob Loockermans, his son, conveyed "certain their
stone house and lot" to Cornelis Dircksen van Westveen, only child of Mrs. Loockermans's
second marriage. — Original Book of N. Y. Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913,
pp. 21-22. This was later the home of Mr. John Robinson, alderman of the West Ward,
who sold it for £600 sterling to William Cox. After that gentleman's death, in 1691,
his widow, Sarah Bradley, married Captain William Kidd, who later turned pirate. They
were living here in 1695, doubtless in the very house shown on the Plan. — Ibid., XVHI:
27; XXL. 65.
In 1677, the widow Loockermans lived between her two sons, Cornelis Dirxe and Jacob
Loockermans, in a small house at 117 Pearl Street — now included in the Coffee Exchange.
(See recitals in Liber Deeds, XIII: 314; XVIII: 27; M. C. C, I: Si> 52.)
Govert Loockermans's early career is concisely summed up by Cornelis van Tienhoven,
his contemporary, as follows:
Govert Loockmans . . . came to New Netherland in the yacht St. Martin in the year 1633 as
a cook's mate, and was taken by Wouter van Twyler into the service of the Company, in which
service he profited somewhat. He became a freeman, and finally took charge of the trading
business for Gilles Verbruggen and his company in New Netherland. This Loockmans ought to
show gratitude to the Company, next to God, for his elevation. . . . — Van Tienhoven's
Answer in Jameson's Nar. N. Neth., 376.
While on a trip to Patria, Loockermans married Ariaentje Jans, his first wife, February
26, 1641. — The N. Y. Geneal. and Biog. Rec, V: 69-70. They left the Texel, July 30,
1641, in the ship "den Connick David," and, "on November 29th in the afternoon came
to anchor at the Manhatans in front of the Smits Valeij in four fathoms." — Van Rensselaer
Bowier MSS., 580, 603.
Two days later, their little daughter, Marritje, who was born at sea on the stormy
night of November 3rd {idem), was baptised in the old Dutch Church. — Baptisms in Dutch
Ch., N. Y., 12.
Loockermans was a typical Dutch burgher, thrifty, industrious, and hard at a bargain.
That he was persona nan grata to the New England colony is shown by the fact that Govert
Aertsen, when he travelled in New England, was compelled to arm himself with a certificate
stating that he was not Govert Loockermans. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 117.
He filled various offices acceptably: was fire-warden in 1655-6 {Rec. N. Am., I: 22, 304;
II: 44); churchwarden, 1656-65 {ibid., II: 50-1; V: 313), and schepen during 1657
330 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
{ibid., II: 289), and again in 1660. — Ibid., Ill: 124-5. In August, 1668, he became
"Leftenant" of the miHtary company. — Ibid., VI: 144.
He died in 1671, before May i8th, when Willem Beeckman was commissioned to succeed
him. — Exec. Coun. Min., ed. by V. H. Paltsits, I: 90, gon.
There were, at his death, four families of children to be considered: his two daughters
by his first marriage; Elsie Tymens, his wife's daughter by her first marriage; Cornelis
Dirxse, his wife's son by the second, and Jacob Loockermans, their own son. That there
was friction in this complicated relationship, the Records clearly show. — See Rec. N. Am.,
VII: 99, 103; Cal. Coun. Min., 35, 68, 69.
No. IS
The residence of Johannes van Brugh and his wife, Catherina Roelofs, a daughter of
Annetje Jans. At the time of her marriage to Van Brugh, she was the widow of Lucas
Rodenburgh, vice-director of Cura9ao from August, 1644, until June, 1656. — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 329; N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 353. She arrived at New Amsterdam in the
ship "Vergulden Otter," September 5, 1656, with her husband and one child, their little
daughter, Elizabeth, who afterward made such an unhappy marriage with Ephraim Herrman.
Lucas Rodenburgh died before April, 1657, when his widow asked permission to raise some
money on his salary due from the Company, which amounted to 6,000 florins. — N. Y. Col.
Docs., XIV: 353; Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 183; Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, ed. by James
and Jameson, 145; Rec. N. Am., VI: 364M. Mrs. Rodenburgh bought the lot here from
Govert Loockermans, November 28, 1657.- — Liber Deeds, A: 108. She was married to
Van Brugh, in March, 1658.^ — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 22. In August, her second
husband made another effort to collect the balance of Rodenburgh's salary. — Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 200. Apparently, this money helped to build the home here, although
Johannes Pietersen van Brugh was already a prosperous man. As early as 1644, he was
in Rensselaerswyck, but was in New Amsterdam by 1649, transacting business for Isaac
Allerton. — Ibid., 28, 51.
Taxed among the wealthy citizens, in 1653, Van Brugh was elected schepen in 1655,
1656, 1659, 1661, 1662, and 1665, and alderman under the English form of government in
June of the last-mentioned year. — Rec. N. Am., I: 281; II: 30; III: 23, 260; IV: 29; V:
185; M. C.C, II: 53-4-
He was one of the great burghers in 1657, and orphan-master in 1658 and in 1663, in
the later part of which year he went to Holland as one of the agents of the city, bearing
their remonstrance to the West India Company. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 150, 199; IV: 244;
Fan Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 787-9. He became alderman in 1670-1 {Rec. N. Am., VI:
261, 333), and was burgomaster of New Orange in 1673. — Laws y Ord., N. Neth., 466;
Rec. N. Am., VI: 397.
Van Brugh and his wife still lived here in 1686, when Domine Selyns compiled his list
of church members. Pieter van Brugh, their eldest son, having purchased the interests
of the other heirs, sold the house, ['] in 1719, to Philip Livingston, Esq. — Liber Deeds,
XXX: 6, 9, 10. It stood about in the centre of the present Cotton Exchange.
NOS. 16, 17, AND 18
The residence, in 1660, of Burger Jorissen (including his still-house — No. 17 — and his
smithy — No. 18). In 1644, when Jorissen bought Hendrick Jansen's grant, there was a
house already built upon it. — N. Y. Col. MSS., II: 124 (Albany). In 1649, "the house and
[i] Built between December, 1657, and September 14, 1658. — Morigagts, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 73,
103-4. >
THE CASTELLO PLAN 331
Smith's shop of Burger Jorissen" were on the west side of "the Path which Burger Jorissen
made to go down to the Strand." ['] Evidently, the "Burger's Path" was not wide enough
for general use; perhaps it did not extend far enough north; for, in April, 1657, "the
Neighbours in the Glaziers [Mill] Street" petitioned "for a cart way to the Strand, as was
promised them." Apostilled: "As soon as the general survey is made, further attention
shall be paid . . . that a suitable road be made." — Rec. N. Am., VII: 156. After
the Smee Straet was cut through, which was between April and October, 1657, when it is
called "the newly surveyed street" {Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 64),
the smith took up his residence in the house at the north-east corner of that street and
the Strand, and built a new smith's shop at the most northerly end of his lot (No. 18).
He sold the dwelling-house and still-house to Thomas Lewis, mariner, in 1668 {Liber
Deeds, B: 144; cf. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers, 1665-1672, translated, 128-130),
after getting a confirmatory grant from Governor NicoUs. This original patent, dated
December 3, 1667, is owned by the New York Historical Society, and is printed in the
Collections for 1913, p. 80.
The smithy he turned over to Marten Jansen Meyer, also a smith, who had come from
Holland about 1659, under contract to work for Cornelis Jansen Clopper, still another
smith, for whom the Smith's Valley was named. — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 31.
Marten Jansen Meyer was confirmed here in 1667 {Patents II: 23, Albany), and rapidly
became prosperous, for he purchased the confiscated house of Captain Delavall (formerly
De Sille's), in 1674 (see Block L), shortly before which time he had sold his property here
to Abel Hardenbrook, shoemaker. — Original Book of N. Y. Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collec-
tions, 1913, pp. 11-12.
The Smith's Street (Smee Straet) and the Burger's Path both owed their name to Joris-
sen, who was a native of Hirschberg, in Silesia. He was in New Amsterdam as early as
May 26, 1637, when he signed a contract with the council of the colony of Rensselaers-
wyck, which contains these words: "Inasmuch as Cornelis Tomassen died and Arent
Steveniersen, [^] who married the widow, does not understand smith's work, the council
of the colony have decided to turn the iron and coal and all the tools over to Burger J ar-
isen Smit . . ." — Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 815-6. Burger Jorissen remained but
a year. at Rensselaerswyck; he returned to New Amsterdam, August 18, 1639 {idem),
married Engeltje Mans, December i8th of that year {Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 10), and
went to the Mespat Kills, Long Island, where he first settled in 1642. In later years, he
lived altogether on Long Island, so that, in 1671, when he returned to New York, he
was obliged to rent a house. — Rec. N. Am., VI: 293.
No. 19
This house belonged to the estate of Govert Loockermans, until 1672, when it was sold
to Joannes van Brugh. — Liber Deeds, B: 195; cf. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers
(etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 219. In a mortgage of September 14, 1658, it was called
"the house and lot of the mother of Mr. Wilhelmus Beeckman's wife. — Mortgages, 1654-
1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 103.
No. 20
The house of Metje Juriaens, sold to her by Burger Jorissen. It was built on the lot
conveyed to Jorissen in January, 1660, by the burgomasters, "in exchange for his lot sur-
veyed off" {Liber Deeds, A: 182, 184), a transaction against which Allard Anthony pro-
tested, as the land was really a part of his garden. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 159; Min. of Orph.
Court, II: 151.
['] So called in Patents, II: 117 (Albany). The house is No. 21 in Block M.
[2] See account of this settler, in Block C, Nos. 15 and 16.
332 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
NOS. 21 AND 22
Jacob Hendricksen Varravanger's two houses, mentioned in his confirmatory patent. —
Patents, II: 8 (Albany). Shortly after he obtained this, he sold the lower house, No. 21,
to Gerrit Janse Stavast {Original Book of N. Y. Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913,
pp. 14-15; Rec. N. Am.,V\: 175), and the upper house, with all that remained of his original
grant, to William Pattison (Paterson). — Liber Deeds, B: 153; cf. Book of Records of Deeds
y Transfers, (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 145. This latter house, confiscated by Governor
Colve, was assigned to Gerrit Hendricks, the butcher, in lieu of his demolished house in
Block H, No. 2.— JV. Y. Col. Docs., II: 636-7.
One of these houses was rented, in 1660, to Dirck Houthuysen, a smith, who, in turn,
rented out the front room to Marten van de Waart. In the summer of 1660, Houthuysen
absconded, and his effects were sold by the bailiff, for the benefit of his creditors. — Rec. N.
Am., Ill: 192, 280. Varravanger, on October 12th, requested permission to lease the house,
and asked "that the man, who occupies the front room shall vacate the same." Van de
Waart protested, declaring that "he hired the front room for one year from the absconding
Dirck Houthuyzen and paid thereon fl. 69:8," a very high rent in comparison with that of
other houses in the block. He was ordered to vacate, " if he cannot agree with M!^ Jacob." —
Ibid.,\\\: 229,234. In the following May, Van Waart was arrested for theft. Apparently,
he had been using his room as a cache for stolen goods, having, by his own confession,
"without torture or force," admitted various thefts during the preceding seven or eight
years. He was a youth of good family, and, out of "consideration for his friends and his
wife," the sentence of a public whipping at a stake and banishment for twenty-five years,
with costs, was reduced, first, to a private scourging "in a closed chamber," costs, and
banishment for ten years, and later to banishment only. — Ibid., 299, et seq.
Riker {Hist, of Harlem, 113) says that Marten van Weert was the ancestor of Isaac
Van Wart, one of the captors of Major Andre.
No. 23
This small outbuilding stood on Varravanger's land.
No. 24
Andries Rees, a cadet in the West India Company's service in 1657 {Cal. Hist. MSS.,
Dutch, 187), seems to have been keeping a tavern here in 1660, though his patent issued
some time later. — Patents, II: 40 (Albany). He served as watchman to the town, and
seems to have been a peaceably disposed citizen, though Schout Tonneman harrassed him
frequently, alleging minor offenses against the excise laws, etc. He was still taxed here in
1677. — M. C. C, I: 57; see also Rec. N. Am., Ill: 104, 217, et seq.
No. 25
Ide Cornelissen van Vorst was confirmed here in 1668. The patent states that "he
purchased the lot." — Patents, III: 44 (Albany). As his step-father, Jacob Stoffelsen, is
recited to have been in possession of the lot in 1657 {Liber Deeds, A: 85), no doubt he was
the vendor.
Ide Cornelissen van Vorst was a son of Cornelis van Vorst, of Bergen, whose bouwery
is shown on the Manatus Maps. (Appendix, II.) Cornelis van Vorst died before March
31, 1639. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 6. His widow was married to Stoffelsen before Sep-
tember, 1640. — Ibid., 73. There is an amusing suit reported, in 1654, between Stoffelsen
and his step-son, in which Ide Cornelissen is erroneously spoken of as a woman! — Rec. N.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 333
Jm., I: 242. For an interesting account of these families, see the Bergen Records, in Hoi.
Soc. Year Book, 1914.
In November, 1665, Ide Cornelissen Van Vorst took the oath of allegiance, at Bergen. —
N. J. Archives, ist series, I: 49.
No. 26
Frans Claessen died December 4, 1658, in the little house on the roadway, near the
Water Port (see No. 9). He left four little sons, Claes, Jacob, Dirck, and Tymen. Abraham
de la Noy, their guardian, was directed by the orphan-masters "to do his best conscientiously"
with their pitifully inadequate inheritance of 400 guilders. — Min. of Orph. Court, I: 77.
The grant of this lot from the burgomasters was earlier than February, 1660, when Im-
metje Dircks, widow of Frans Claessen, rented his miserable little house here for part of
the year, at the rate of 120 guilders per annum. — Rec. N. Am., HI: 131.
In March, 1688, Claes Fransen and his three brothers received a quit-claim deed from
the City of New York for this plot. — Liher A: 66, in Comptroller's Office; M. C. C, I: 202.
BLOCK R
NOS. I AND 2
The dwelling (i) and tobacco warehouse (2) ['] of Albert Andriessen, [2] of Fort Orange.
The house was built by Roelof Jansen Haes, before February 17, 1646. He conveyed
it, on that day, to Hendrick Kip, from whom Andriessen bought, August 29, 165 1. — N. Y.
Col. MSS., Ill: 92 (Albany).
Andriessen established a trading post here. He had no intention of making a home in
New Amsterdam. He used the house as an office for his factor, and built a substantial
warehouse on the rear of his lot. In 1658, the house was occupied by Jan Jansen de Jongh
(who had formerly lived in Michiel Jansen's house. Block D, No. 21), and in 1664, by Allard
Anthony. — Mortgages, 1654-60, trans, by O'Callaghan, 89-90; Liber Deeds, B: 58; cf.
Mortgages, 1665-1675, trans, by O'Callaghan, 23. By 1664, the warehouse had been
sold to Anthony de Milt {idem.); but the house was turned over by Andriessen to his eight
children, "in lieu of their mother's estate," and they were confirmed here in 1667. — Patents,
II: 28 (Albany).
Albert Andriessen, usually called "Albert the Noorman," came to Rensselaerswyck
under a special contract with the Patroon. He sailed with his wife, Annetje Barents, in
the ship "Rensselaerswyck," September 25, 1636. On the second day of November, a
son was born to them, during an unusual gale. He was appropriately baptised Storm [3]
Albertsen, and in later years took the surname Van der Zee (from the Sea). — Van Rensselaer-
Bowier MSS., 31, 327, 360. The Norman soon left the Patroon's service. He dealt heavily
in furs and tobacco, raising the latter, in quantity. His long career in Albany is very
interestingly told in the Fan Rensselaer Bozvier MSS. In the biography, on page 809,
two wives are mentioned — Annetje Barents and Geertruy Pietersz Vosburgh. He had a
third wife. At some time after 1663, Albert married Pietertje Jansen, the widow of Claes
Jansen, from Naerden (de Ruyter) — see Blocks A and G — who was his partner in the con-
tract which brought them both to New York, in 1636.
['] So called in the entry in Mortgages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 89-90.
[zj Albert Andriessen Bradt (Bratt) was a Norwegian, coming from Fredrikstad. He was born about 1607,
and died June 7, 1686. — Evjen's Scand. Immigrants, 19, 20, 29.
[3] That the name of Storm van der Zee thus originated, is confirmed, according to Van Laer, by an entry in
the Van Rensselaer Letter Book. — Van Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 31.
334 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Their marriage must have been rather in the nature of a business contract, for he kept
his residence at Albany, while she pursued a busy and rather picturesque career in New
Amsterdam, until her death, which occurred before January 29, 1667. — Rec. N. Am.,
IV: 214; VII: 56, 57, 58, 59, 61-2.
NOS. 3 AND 3-A
The homes of Claes van Elslant, Senior, and of Andries Claessen, his son.
Although this grant was not recorded until 1647 {Liber GG: 183, Albany), Claes Jansen
van Elslant mortgaged his house to David Provoost, at that time his employer, in April,
1644. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dvlck, 18, 27. It seems to have been the earliest house on the
block. Van Elslant was commissary for the West India Company and inspector of tobacco,
in 1638-9.^7^2^., 63; P'an Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 480. He had, doubtless, then been in
the colony for some time, for Director van Twiller, on his return to Holland in 1639, left
his affairs in his charge. His stewardship was not satisfactory. The new director, Kieft,
in 1644, and Oloff Stevensen van Cortlandt, in 1646, demanded very sharply that he should
account for his management of Van Twiller's affairs. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 29, 99.
A great many early deeds contain the statement that they were "measured" by Claes
van Elslant; his "bill of survey," for instance, is spoken of in the Damen-Flodder trans-
action, north of the city wall. (See Key to Map of Dutch Grants.) Possibly, he may
have been a surveyor, though, apparently, he is nowhere so-called.
He was a court messenger for the provincial court, and, after the organisation of the
municipal government, in 1653, evidently served also, on occasion, as court messenger for
the city, although he was never commissioned. On January 26, 1657, his son, Claes van
Elslant, Jr., who had served as court messenger since 1653, and Gysbert op Dyck were
officially appointed court messengers, for which service each was to receive yearly as salary
"from the Director General and Council one hundred and fifty guilders and on the part
of the City . . . fifty guilders." — Rec. N. Am., I: 152; II: 276. On April 15, 1658,
Pieter Schaafbanck was added as a city messenger, "on the allowance as formerly." —
Ibid., II: 376. Claes van Elslant, Sr., continued, however, to serve the city in this capacity,
but, in 1662, because of a dispute arising over an attachment claimed to have been dis-
charged by him, he was "forbidden by the Burgomasters and Schepens ... to per-
form any more, directly or indirectly, the duties of the office of Court Messenger to or for
any person whomsoever, be he who he may." — Ibid., IV: 81. We know that in 1661 he
was acting in the capacity of grave digger. — See description of cemetery, in Block A.
Claes van Elslant mortgaged his house pretty heavily in 1669-70, and finally, in July,
1671, contracted to sell it to Hendrick Bosch, a sword-cutler from Leyden. He died before
August 20, 1672, when his heirs gave a deed to Bosch. — Liber Mortgages, A: 52, 75; Liber
Deeds, B: 198; cf. Book of Records of Deeds & Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 223.
No. 4
This small building belonged to Jan Jansen Hagenaar, a carpenter, who did considerable
work for the city. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 148. He and a fellow-craftsman, Willem Deuckles,
bought a lot here from Gillis Pietersen, master carpenter for the Company in earlier days,
but at this time of Fort Orange. — Register of Walewyn tan der Veen, trans, by O'Callaghan,
113; Liber Deeds, A: 98, 160. Jansen lived in Breuckelen, and there is every indication
that this structure, which was erected after June 27, 1659 {idem), was not a dwelling, but
a carpenter's shop. Early in 1662, Jan Jansen asks the court "if there be any thing else
to do, as all that he was ordered is done? He is ordered to look up the City ladders and to
make a shed to keep the ladders under." — Rec. N. Am., VII: 248. In November, follow-
THE CASTELLO PLAN 335
ing, while crossing the East River from his home, he was drowned. — Min. of Orph. Court,
trans, by O'Callaghan, 213.
According to the Register of Solomon Lachaire, trans, by O'Callaghan, 364, William
Doeckes (Deuckles, Doeckles, Dueckles) hired young Adriaen Jansen, a lad of sixteen
years. The boy's guardians, however, soon secured his release, as the little fellow was not
properly fed or clothed by his master. From his own pathetic statement, it appears that
"whenever he earns a stiver by making any trifles, he must buy food for it." — Rec. N. Am.,
IV: 184, 192. Jansen's heirs sold the property, in 1672, to Roelof Jansen Slaghter (butcher).
— Liber Deeds, B: 199; cf. Book of Records of Deeds y Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated),
235-6. See controversy over the sale, in Rec. N. Am., VI: 2:7^7 ■
The building shown on the Plan stood in the bed of the present New Street.
No. s
The tavern of Pierre Pia, a Frenchman. It was owned by Joannes Vervelen, who had
bought Willem Dueckles's lot {Liber Deeds, A: 179, 213), and stood on the corner of the
little street which ran between the Van Elslant and Jansen grants, but which was closed
and built upon by July, 1660. Pia, a native of Picardy, was in the colony as early as
1639.— Ca/. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 68.
In January, 1660, his daughter, Maria, married Meynart Courten, of Arnheim. —
Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 25. The occasion was, naturally, one of rejoicing and hospi-
tality. The young couple were toasted in good red wine, and in the beer for which the
house was famous. How inconsiderate of the schout to allege that the excise had not
been paid by Pia "on beer laid in for his daughter's wedding," and to obtain judgment
against him! — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 206. ['] Schout Tonneman, a singularly vigilant
official and a terror to all tapsters, was very watchful of Pierre Pia and his wife. He is
said to have complained that "great revelling, noise, and considerable racket is carried on
at their place by night," and further that, on New Year's Day they refused "to let him,
the Officer, in, although he knocked divers times at the door"; therefore, he asks that they
be banished from the city for three years, and not allowed to tap during that time. The
burgomasters condemned Pia not to tap any more for six consecutive weeks (from January
16, 1663). On the next court day, January 23d, Pierre asked to be allowed to tap on the
last of the month, promising then to obey the law; but he was informed that "The W[
Court persist in their rendered judgment." — Rec. N. Am., IV: 175, 179, 186, 219. In
English days, Samuell Davis kept tavern here, "at y^ swan." — M. C. C, I: 60.
The inn stood on the north side of Marketfield Street, at the east corner of New Street.
No. 6
Hendrick Egbertsen, from Nieuwenhuysen, had had "a house and lot situate opposite
Jan de Jongh," which was "cut off by Director General and Council." He appealed to the
burgomasters for payment for it, April 18, 1659. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 218. More than a
year later, they replied "Whereas Director General and Council . . . have con-
demned the house and lot . . . and not the Burgomasters of this City, petitioner is
therefore referred to the Director General and Council of N: Netherland." — Ibid., VII: 252.
Only one early deed has been found into Egbertsen, [^] and the location of his house
has not been definitely ascertained. It was "opposite Jan de Jongh," who at that time
occupied Michiel Jansen's house (Block D, No. 21). The little street which originally
separated the grants of Claes van Elslant and Evert Jansen Wendel opened directly opposite
Michiel Jansen's house. It was closed by the survey of 1657. The natural conclusion is
that Hendrick Egbertsen's house had encroached on some part of this street, which was
city property, and that he, having only a squatter's title, had been ruthlessly removed.
[•] See Riker's Hist, of Harlem, 210, for an interesting note on Coerten.
[2] This conveyance was from Abraham Pietersen, of a lot north-east of the bastion of Fort Amsterdam, for
which, see Block C, Lot 4, Key to Map of the Dutch Grants. This could not have been the property condemned.
336 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
The burgomasters, "having conversed with the General," made a grant to Egbertsen
of the land which had been covered by this little street. The deed was not delivered until
August 23, 1660, although his new house was already built. ^ — Liber Deeds, A: 209.
Within a few weeks, Egbertsen sold to Jan Schryver, a master-tailor {ibid., A: 197),
who fenced the lot in, and, undoubtedly, encroached on Hendrick van Bommel's property
on the east; for the city had conveyed a lot wider than the little street itself. Van Bommel
brought the tailor into court for trespass. On October 18, 1661, the burgomasters, after
hearing the dispute, "undertake to make ocular inspection of it [the lot]." — Rec. N. Jm.,
Ill: 387. On April 7, 1662, Van Bommel asked the burgomasters again for restitution of
fifteen feet of land belonging to him, and formerly a part of the little street along side of
his house, "and given by the Burgomasters to Hendrick Eghbersen." The burgomasters
replied, casually, that they would "inspect the locality." — Exec. Min. of Burgomasters,
in Min. of Orph. Court, II: 134-135.
On the loth of May, following, Schryver conveyed the lot to Paulus vander Beeck.^
La Chair's Register in Hoi. Soc. Year Book, 1900, p. 141. He, in turn, interrogated the
city fathers, asking: "How it is with the lot, bought by him from Jan Schryver, lying
East of the house and lot of Pieter Pia. He is told to be easy about it." — Min. of Orph.
Court, II: 156.
The building at No. 18 Beaver Street covers the bed of this little street, which is not
mentioned again. (See note on this extinct street in Key to Map of the Dutch Grants.)
No. 7
Evert Jansen (Wendel), from Emden, built this house, and occupied it with his young
wife, Susanna du Trieux, a daughter of Philippe du Trieux, whom he married July 31,
1644. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 12. In 1648, he concluded to remove to Rensselaers-
wyck. The court there permitted him to move into the colony and to follow his trade as a
cleermaecker, or tailor, on condition that he build a house at least two boards long. — Van
Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 837.
Evert Jansen left his affairs in New Amsterdam in charge of his brother-in-law, Isaac
de Foreest, to whom he gave power of attorney. — Liber Deeds, B: 169.
Hendrick van Bommel bought the house in June, 1658, giving back a purchase-money
mortgage of 400 guilders to De Forest, and one for 100 guilders to Abraham Pietersen,
Wendel's other trustee. — Mortgages, 1654-60, trans, by O'Callaghan, 82, 91. Van Bommel
was still taxed here in 1677. — M. C. C, I: 60.
The house stood on the site of the present No. 20 Beaver Street.
NOS. 8 AND 9
Willem (Gulielin) Cornells, the owner of these houses, in 1660, was a sea-captain. In
1641, he was skipper of the "Oak Tree." — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 16. In 1663, he was
appointed supercargo of the ship "Eagle." — Ibid., 251. His sons were confirmed here,
after his death, as Willem and Pieter Guilyams {Patents, II: 152, Albany), following
the Dutch fashion of nomenclature, but, in 1685, they were known as William and Peter
Cornelison. — Liber Deeds, XIII: 73-6. During 1685-91, the corner house (on the site
of No. 70 Broad Street) was occupied by Hendrick Jansen van flFeurden, a baker. — Liber
Deeds, IX: 207 (Albany). In 1689, Hendrick van Veurden was alderman of the West
Ward {M. C. C, I: 204, 208) and a member of Leisler's Council. — Doc. Hist., 8 vo. ed., II:
181; N. Y. Col. Docs., Ill: 703-4.
No. 8 is the site of the present No. 28 Beaver Street.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 337
LOCATIONS BEYOND THE WALL
In 1660, the fortifications on the north side of the town seem to have been in good
condition. The "wall," or palisade, apparently, was strengthened, on its outer side, by
a sodded bank of earth, sloping down to a ditch. The space between the palisades and
the ditch was widest at the Highway, narrowest at the Strand; it was just forty-four
feet wide at a point 140 feet east of Broadway, and thirty-seven feet wide at a point 190
feet west of Pearl Street. The line has been established by a series of five deeds, given to
Captain John Knight, on December 14, 1685, by the various heirs of Jan Jansen Damen,
and recorded in Liber Deeds, XIII, between pages 124 and 154, as well as at Albany, in
Liber Deeds, IX: 40-55.
These five deeds recite various frontages, but a uniform depth of eighty feet north
"from the Town ditch." The lots conveyed are all described as bounding south on
Wall Street, from which fact it seems perfectly clear that the grantors believed that the
north line of Wall Street was to be coincident with the town ditch.
After having this land secured to him by patent, on February 10, 1685/6 {Patents, V:
297, Albany), Captain John Knight, who had acted throughout as a dummy for Gov-
ernor Dongan, conveyed the eighty foot strip "bounded south by Wall Street" to Don-
gan, March 9, i6Ss /6.~Liber Deeds, XVIII: 64.
Meanwhile — on December 15, 1685 — Governor Dongan commissioned a surveyor, Leon-
ard Beckwith, to lay out Wall Street, "The saide Street being laide out thirty six foot
in bredth [measured from the south side of the existing roadj. Performed this 16 day of
Decemb. 1685." — Land Papers, II: 145 (Albany).
Between this thirty-six foot street and the eighty foot wide parcel purchased from
the Damen heirs stretched the strip of uneven width which lay directly north of the
wall. Governor Dongan added it to the Damen parcel, and, on May 25, 1689, sold the
entire tract west of Smith's Street (William Street) to Abraham de Peyster and Nicholas
Bayard. — Liber Deeds, XXI: 25. The lots east of Smith's Street were also sold by Don-
gan, in smaller parcels. As conveyed, these lots had a depth varying from 117 to 124 feet.
No. I
East of the Highway, outside of the Land Gate, stood a small house belonging to Sybout
Claessen. His ground-brief was dated May 15, 1647.— Zii^r GG: 220 (Albany). Claessen
did not live here; his home was on the Strand (Block O, No. 2). In 1664, he conveyed this
lot to the burgomasters, in exchange for a lot on the Hoogh Straet, behind the City Hall.
These deeds, made "with the knowledge of the late Director-General," were recorded
November 17/27, 1664. — Liber Deeds, B: 56, 57; cf. Mortgages, 1664-1675, trans, by
O'Callaghan, 17, 19. The house stood about one hundred feet north of the line of Wall
Street, the site of the present No. 96 Broadway.
No. 2
Jacques Pryn, a worthy burgher, one of the members of the town rattlewatch {Min. of
Orph. Court, II: 96), built this little cottage. He bought the "lot for a house and garden,"
unimproved, from Sybout Claessen (who had purchased it, August i, 1657), paying two
hundred guilders, cash, and giving back a mortgage of three hundred guilders; a good
price, at that time, even for so wide a lot — six rods, six feet, and four inches, on the High-
338 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
way. Deed and mortgage were recorded February 19, i6^g.— Liber Deeds, A: 147; Mori-
gages, 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan, 126. Evidently, the house was newly built
when the Plan was drawn.
In the tax-list of 1665, Pryn is rated as "Jacob the Frenchman." — Rec. N. Am., V: 225.
He sold the property to the deacons, who transferred it to "Sarah Kiersteed," widow of Dr.
Hans Kierstede. She was confirmed here in 1668. — Patents, II: 162 (Albany). The
original ground-brief was to Pieter Collet, earlier than May 15, 1647. — Recitals in Liber,
GG: 220 (Albany). Collet married Aeltje Jans, from Bremen, widow of Cornelis, from
Rotterdam, by license of the last of August, 1643. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 12. He was
from Konigsberg, in East Prussia.
Nos. 3 AND 4
Hendrick Pietersen, from Hasselt, procured a ground-brief for a lot seven rods wide
on the road, and running back about eleven rods to the Damen grant, January 28, 1653. It
is not of record, but is recited in Liber Deeds, A: 205, 206.
As early as October, 1641, Hendrick was in the colony, for he leased from Director
Kieft the "maize land . . . on the highway" (Ca/. fl'ui. MSS., Dm^cA, 17), later known
as the King's Farm.
Under date of July 10, 1656, is found an entry relating to Pietersen's own dwelling here:
On the petition of Jan Vinje and Gerrit Jansen Roos setting forth, that Hendrick P. Kint in
't Water is occupying his house south of their, the petitioners' Houses, in a dangerous state as
regards fire, it is ordered on the petitioners' request. The Street and Fire Inspectors are hereby
requested and directed to inspect the condition, in which Hend^ Ptr. Kint in 't Water's house is,
and together are authorized to give such orders therein, as they shall find necessary for the pre-
vention of all danger and disaster. — Rec. N. Am., \\: 141.
Pietersen was living in June, 1660, according to an entry in Rec. N. Am., Ill: 185, but
died before the following January, when Joannes Nevius, acting for the orphan-masters,
sold the southerly house to Joannes van Brugh and the northerly one to Gerrit Jansen Roos.
— Liber Deeds, A: 205, 206. Hendrick Pietersen left no children. His widow, Grietje
Adams, was a most unfortunate woman. She seems to have been feeble in mind and body.
The orphan-masters arranged for her board, successively, first with one neighbour and
then with another, paying nine guilders per week for her maintenance, and supplying
her with all needful clothing. In June, 1661, they contracted with a skipper to take her
back to Holland, where a small sum of money — some four or five hundred florins — which
her mother had won in a lottery, was coming to her. Upon hearing of this decision, the
poor lady "fell sick a-bed." AUard Coninck being consulted, "suggests it as the best
thing to place the case into the hands of the Orphans Chamber at Amsterdam."
Finally, the orphan-masters decided to "turn her over to the Deacons." This pathetic
story is related, in careful detail, in the Minutes of the Orphan-masters, I: 182-193.
Pine Street runs through Hendrick Pietersen's old grant. His south fence was about
twenty-five feet south of the street.
Nos. 5 AND 6
These two houses still belonged, in 1660, to Jan Vinje and the other heirs of Adriana
Cuvilje (or Adrienne Cuviller), widow of Jan Jansen Damen.
The more northerly dwelling seems to have been the Damen farmhouse. In a recital
of the partition of Madame Cuvilje's estate, it is listed as "the great house, now occupied
by Cornelis Aertsen." The southerly house is named in the same instrument as "the small
house now occupied by Pieter Stoutenburgh." — Liber Deeds, B: 103; cf. Mortgages, 1664-
THE CASTELLO PLAN 339
1675, trans, by O'Callaghan, 55. Aertsen and Stoutenburgh were assessed here in 1665. —
Rec. N. Am., V: 225. One of the picturesque Dutch haystacks of the period stood behind
the great house. It is, doubtless, this very haystack that has been mistaken for a church
tower by so many students of the Visscher series of views. Pieter Stoutenburgh bought
the small house in November, 1664. — Liber Deeds, B: 54; cf. Mortgages, 1664-1675, trans,
by O'Callaghan, 13.
The great house was acquired by Dr. Henry Taylor, in 1672. — Liher Deeds, B: 190;
Book of Records of Deeds i^ Transfers (etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 210. It was ordered
demolished by Governor Colve, in October, 1673, because it stood too near the fortifica-
tions. At the hearing, the doctor's wife appeared, and said "her husband is willing to risk
his house, and to abide the result." — N. Y. Col. Docs., II: 631. According to a deposition
concerning the surrender of the city, in August, 1673, Captain Manning and Doctor Taylor
"opened the gates & lead in the Dutch . . ." — N. Y. Col. Docs., Ill: 199.
The great house stood diagonally across Cedar Street, on Broadway. If it could be
reconstructed today, its south corner would probably touch the new forty-story Equit-
able Building. Pieter Stoutenburgh's house lot forms part of the Equitable site. For
more than two centuries it retained its identity, thirty-seven feet, six inches wide on the
Highway. As number 112 Broadway, it was the site of the National Hotel.
No. 7
Beyond the Water Gate, in the Smith's Valley, there were but three houses south of the
Maidens' Path, in 1660. The most imposing of these. No. 7, was built by Willem Teller,
of Albany.
On July 16, 1648, he and his partner, Rutger Jacobsen, purchased from Goosen Gerritsen
(van Schaick) a rectangular piece of land "without the Water Port, towards the East River;
striking along by Jan Damen's land 16 rods, 2 feet. By the Strand side 16 rods, 3 feet.
Along Adam Roelants, 8 rods, 7 feet, and on the side of Maryn Adriaensen, 10 rods." The
deed is not of record, but is recited in the confirmation to Teller of the northerly half of the
land, in 1667. — Patents, II: 64 (Albany).
Without doubt, the original grant for this parcel was from Kieft to Tymen Jansen.
Judge Hoffman gives its date as 1640, and a reference to Liber I: 13, in Albany, which it
has not been possible to verify. — Hoffman's Estates and Rights of the Corporation, 1862,
II: 216. However, Jan Jansen Damen's grant on the west recites Tymen Jansen as a
neighbour here. — Liber GG: 91 (Albany).
Gerritsen may have purchased it when he made that memorable trip to the Man-
hattans for which he bargained before he should finally settle down as a gerechts persoon,
or member of the court, at Albany. — Fan Rensselaer Bowier MSS., 811.
Teller's house was built before 1655, for it was taxed in that year {Rec. N. Am., I: 374);
but, as he lived at Fort Orange from 1639 until 1692, except for "small intermissions upon
voyages to New York [and other places]" (Munsell's Collections on the Hist, of Albany,
IV: 170), the house upon the Strand was generally rented. In 1656, Frans Claessen
owed Teller a balance of three years unpaid rent, presumably for this house. — Rec. N. Am.,
H: 125.
In 1664, Teller procured a license to marry Maria Verleth, the widow of Paulus Schrick. —
Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 29. She was his second wife, and he was her third husband. —
Rec. N. Am., I: 326n.
In 1693, Teller and his wife sold their property here to Marten Jansen Meyer, the
sm\t\i.— Liber Deeds, XVIII: 234. Probably, this deed but confirmed an earlier one which
was not recorded, for the smith had already conveyed the southerly fifty feet of the property
340 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
to George Heathcote in 1676 and 1683. — Liber Deeds, V: 35 (Albany); Liber Deeds, XIII:
55 (New York).
In 1692, after a residence at Albany of more than half a century, Willem Teller came
to New York, where most of his family were settled; and here he died, in 1701. His wife
survived him but a year. His descendants are found today among New York's most
prominent families. For Goosen Gerritsen, Rutger Jacobsen and Willem Teller — all
prominent in Albany's earlier history — consult Munsell's Collections.
The Teller plot covered the northerly one hundred feet of Tymen Jansen's land, and
was nearly square. The house stood on the north-west side of Pearl Street, about twenty
feet south of Pine Street. The Wall Street sub-station of the Post Office covers the site.
Rut Jacobsen sold his southerly moiety to Ryer StofFelsen, September 10, 1655. — Recitals
in Patents, II: 85 (Albany).
On August 30, 1658, the council refused permission to Geertje, widow of Ryer StofFelsen,
"to build a house right against the wall outside the city gate [the water gate]." — Cal.
Hist. MSS., Dutch, 200. Forbidden to build, Geertje evidently cultivated her plot; in
1662, she asked "that a sewer may be laid near the work at the Water Gate to prevent the
water from the work running thro' her garden. Whereupon it was stated, that attention
should be paid to the matter." — Rec. N. Am., IV: 83.
The burgomasters, on March 7, 1665, purchased from Geertje Jans StofFelsen the most
southerly end of her garden, two rods wide by seven rods, seven feet, deep, more or less,
giving her in exchange a lot on the Hoogh Straet, behind the City Hall. — Liber Deeds, B:
67, 68; of. Mortgages, 1664-1675, trans, by O'Callaghan, 41-43.
This transaction is exactly like the one at the Land Gate, between the burgomasters
and Sybout Claessen. Probably, the intention was to enlarge the approaches to the gates.
No. 8
Augustine Herrman bought a lot on the Strand from Elizabeth Tyssen, widow of Maryn
Adriaensen, rather more than five rods wide and nine rods deep. The deed was delivered in
October, 1656. — Recitals in Liber Patents, III: 84 (Albany). The lot ran back to Herrman's
orchard, which was part of the Damen land. The house stood at the present north corner of
Pine and Pearl Streets, numbers 171-173 Pearl Street. The garden covered nearly all of the
bed of Pine Street. From an entry of September 15, 1653, it seems that the house, Herr-
man's own home while he lived in New Amsterdam, was in process of erection at that time.
Auken Jansen, a carpenter, demanded payment "of a balance of one hundred guilders in
beavers according to contract for building deft's [Herrman's] house." — Rec. N. Am., I: 119.
In July, 1672, Herrman sold his "great and small houses without the City Gate" to
John Paine, of Boston. — Liber Deeds, B: 194; cf. Book of Records of Deeds isf Transfers
(etc.), 1665-1672 (translated), 217. On November 28, 1673, Ephraim Herrman, as attorney
for his father, appeared in court requesting:
that he may again take possession of the house and part of a lot and orchard . . . which
his said father sold last year to one John Payne at Boston; but as he maintains that, by reason
of the demolishing and removing etc, it is much depreciated ... he requests therefore
that before being resumed by virtue of the mortgage, it may be valued by arbitrators, in order
that he may have his recourse ag'st said John Payne for the balance.
This request was granted. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 29-30. The demolishing and removing
were, of course, subsequent to Governor Colve's order of October 8, 1673. — N. Y. Col.
Docs., II: 629-636. Colve issued a new patent to Ephraim Herrman, July 17, 1674, for a
"lot, garden and orchard in Smith's valley, without the city of New Orange." — Cal. Hist.
MSS., English, 30.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 341
No. 9
The small house of Lysbet Tyssen, widow of Maryh Adriaensen. Site: on Pearl Street,
just south of Maiden Lane, about No. 193 or No. 195 Pearl Street.
Marinus Adriaensen sailed by "den Eendracht" in July, 163 1, under contract with
Kiliaen van Rensselaer. His wife and one child came with him. He probably left Rens-
selaerswyck in 1634, at the expiration of his three years' contract. — Van Rensselaer Bowier
MSS., 806.
On August 27, 1641, he purchased land in the Smith's Valley from Hendrick Jansen,
the tailor. — Government Grants, 1642-1649, p. i, in City Clerk's Library. He died before
April 16, 1654, when his widow contracted a second marriage, with Gerlach Michielszen,
from CoUumer ZijU. — Marriages in Ref. Dutch Ch., 18. They were married on the ensuing
3rd of May. In behalf of her young son, Tys* Marynsen, she and her new husband asked
the court to appoint guardians, who could, alsoy confer with her to make satisfactory settle-
ment of the paternal estate with her married daughter, who had come down from Fort
Orange. — Rec. N. Am., I: 191.
In later years, this house was rented to Marten Jansen Smit, who afterwards purchased
Willem Teller's house (No. 7). — Rec. N. Am., V: 304. He was taxed here as Marten
Clazen Smith.^ — Ibid., V: 225.
In August, 1673, when Colve issued his drastic edict of demolition, Lysbeth Tyssen
was told "that her small houses will be examined, to see whether they cannot be spared." —
N. Y. Col. Docs., II: 631. No doubt, she had built several houses by that time. All the
records prove her to have been a shrewd business woman. She was still living in November,
1682. — Liber Deeds, X.II: 100, I02.
No. 10
The formal garden on the west side of the Highway, outside of ' the Land Gate, was
laid out by Jan Pietersen Verbrugge. It occupied the north-east corner of Cornelis Groe-
sens's grant, of 1645. Its north line adjoined Jan Jansen Damen's land, and was coincident
with the present north boundary of Trinity Churchyard. In the deed to Verbrugge, of
April 12, 1654 (N. Y. Col. MSS., Ill: 112), its frontage is given as "10 rods, less J^ twelfth
part" — a little less than 125 English feet.
It was bounded on the south by the "Cross street," a narrow lane which led to the
North River. — See Map of Dutch Grants.
In 1662 and 1663, this piece of land was called the "garden of Jan Jellisen [Gillisen]
Verbrugh." — Liber Deeds, A: 278, 285.
The Colve list, of 1673, rates it as the garden and orchard of Johannes van Brugh,
valued at 460 florins. — N. Y. Col. Docs., II: 630.
Now, part of Trinity Churchyard.
342 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
FRONTISPIECE
REDRAFT OF THE CASTELLO PLAN
The original pen and ink drawing from which this plate was reproduced is a rectified
redraft of the Castello Plan (C. PI. 82), augmented by information derived from other
contemporary documents and records.
The redraft was prepared under the supervision of the author by Mr. John Wolcott
Adams, from a tracing made from a full size photograph of the original by Mr. Rawson W.
Haddon, who carefully corrected the elevations to agree with the actual topography, as
recorded on the Ratzen Plan (Vol. I, Plate 42) — the earliest really reliable plan which shows
the general contour lines — and on Bromley's real estate and insurance map of 1908 (C. PI.
96, et seq.), which gives the modern street elevations above high water.
The Castello Plan itself is drawn in outline only without relief, and is entirely lacking
in chiaroscuro, as well as in colour values and the indication of surface texture and mate-
rials, which important accessories the redraft seeks to supply, in such a way as to render
the finished drawing as real and as true a picture as possible of New Amsterdam at the
close of the Dutch period.
The Castello Plan has already been described, in detail (Plate 82); it is here necessary
to draw attention only to such few supplementary indications as have been added in the
redraft.
One of the most noticeable additions is that of the "gerecht," on the water-front at
the present Whitehall. This, as the name implies, was the place of justice, and is one of
the striking features of nearly all the early views of New Amsterdam (see Vol. I, Frontis-
piece, etc.). In July, 1660, according to the De Sille List, the "gherecht" was still "on
the Capske." There is, apparently, no definite statement in the early Dutch records regard-
ing the erection of the gallows or the accompanying instruments of punishment — the pil-
lory and whipping-post — nor even of the site which they occupied; but frequent mention
of these devices proves their existence at the period of the Plan, and earlier.
A sentence of death, imposed by the court of burgomasters and schepens, could not
be carried out without the knowledge and consent of the director-general and council; and
while, during the Dutch period, the death penalty was pronounced on more than one
occasion by the court, the sentence, apparently, was almost invariably commuted to flog-
ging, branding, or banishment, sometimes all three. Soldiers were, of course, tried by
court-martial, and, if found guilty, were shot, under military law. One of the earliest of
such death sentences recorded was that imposed, in 1639, on a soldier, for mutiny. — Cal.
Hist. MSS., Dutch, 68. On May 13, 1655, three thieves, who had broken out of Fort
Amsterdam, were summoned to appear at the Fort before the third beating of the drum,
"on pain of having their names affixed to the gallows." — Ibid., 148. On the following
day, one of these thieves, Hans Breyer, a soldier, was sentenced to be conveyed to the
place of execution, and there hanged until dead; but the sentence was commuted to
life banishment, on the earnest plea of the public there zssembled.^Ibid., 148-9.
In January, 1660, a negro, accused of wounding a boy, was tried before the court of
THE CASTELLO PLAN 343
burgomasters and schepens. The record in this case gives the various opinions of the
different burgomasters and schepens as to the method of punishment which should be
meted out to the criminal. Schepen Cornelis Steenwyck, for example, "Decides, that he
be whipped and branded under the gallows, the halter being around his neck, and banished
for ever and sent hence with his wife and children on pain of the gallows . . ." The final
judgment of the court was that the negro should be brought to "the place, where justice is
usually executed and, with the rope around his neck, be whipped, branded and banished
the country." It was decided, at this time, to request of the director-general and council
"liberty to erect a gallows before the City Hall and also to be empowered to banish criminals
from the District of N. Netherland." In reply to this request, the burgomasters and
schepens were, "for this time, authorized and qualified not only to banish the apprehended
Hendrick Jansen Claarbout . . . ;" but "they are likewise permitted to allow a half-
gallows to be erected before the City Hall, should that be necessary for carrying the judg-
ment into effect." — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 11 1-2. The sentence, already pronounced, was
not the death penalty. Perhaps the half-gallows requested was to be used in connection
with the flogging and branding of the criminal.
Whether the old gallows at the Capske was at this time in a state of decay, or whether
the new gallows was intended only for the carrying out of sentences imposed by the city
court, and not by the military authorities, is not ascertainable from the Records or other
available documents of the period. The latter assumption seems the more likely, and it is
also probable that the half-gallows, which, once at least, was authorised to be erected in
front of the City Hall, was of a temporary character, intended only for carrying out a
specific sentence, and afterwards removed.
The whipping-post and pillory evidently stood near the gallows, as is indicated
by many entries in the records. In December, 1654, for example, George Stevensen, from
Bruges, for stealing hogs, was sentenced "to be stripped to the waist and tied to the post
at the place where judgment is publicly executed, and to hear this sentence read to him,
and to be then banished, with costs." — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 144. Martin Van Waart,
in May, 1661, was condemned to be brought to the place, "where criminal justice is usually
inflicted," and there "well and publicly fastened to a stake, very severely scourged and
further banished." — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 306-7. This sentence, however, was commuted
by Stuyvesant to banishment only.
In the following month, two women were arrested for theft. One of them was con-
demned to be "brought to the place where justice is usually executed and there be bound
fast to a stake, severely scourged and banished for ten years." This sentence, also, was
commuted to banishment. The other woman, Annetje Mennens, was "placed on the rack
and threatened with torture." She, too, was released. In November, 1661, Mesaack
Martenzen, being threatened with torture, confessed the theft of some cabbages and clothing
from a neighbour. The ludicrous sentence imposed by the court was that he be taken
"to the usual place of execution, to stand in the pillory with cabbages on the head," and
banished for five years, in addition to the costs of the suit. — Ibid., Ill: 410.
In the redraft, the Fort has been shown entirely faced with stone, in accordance with
several statements contained in the correspondence between Stuyvesant and the directors
at Amsterdam. On December 19, 1656, the directors wrote that, to obviate any "further
expenditures and troubles," they "consent to have the fort there [New Amsterdam] sur-
rounded by a wall of hewn rock," and, "for that purpose," would send over some masons
and carpenters in the spring. "Meanwhile," they recommend to Stuyvesant "to prepare
the work there and have everything ready as far as possible. It is not necessary," they
add, "to wait for the required sailors [probably requested by Stuyvesant], because the
344 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Company's negroes are sufficient to bring and fetch the needed material." — A^. Y. Col.
Docs., XIV: 373. Three stone masons were sent over, in conformity with this promise,
and arrived at New Amsterdam sometime in the early spring of 1658. — Ibid., XIV: 401;
Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 192. On July 23, 1659, Stuyvesant wrote to the directors:
If the work of the masons continues to progress as fast, as it does now, we may hope to have
the fort completed by next summer; then it will be necessary to build new carriages for the
guns, for which we shall require also wheels. — A^. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 443.
The parapet of the Fort is shown covered with sods, a construction clearly indicated
in the Labadist view, of twenty years later (Vol. I, Plate 17).
It will be noticed that no belfry is shown on the church, a very careful examination
of the Castello Plan having clearly established the fact that the construction shown at
the meeting of the roofs is not a belfry, but merely a clumsy representation of the south
gable of the governor's house. The fact that no belfry existed in 1660 on the church,
and that a belfry had been added to the City Hall before this time, taken in connection
with the subjoined entries, seems to indicate that, shortly after the Stadt Herberg became
the City Hall, the town bell, which up to that time, very naturally, had been appurtenant
to the church and to the governor's house in the Fort, was transferred to the new seat of
popular government, and the now useless church belfry removed.
On January 24, 1656, the schout, Cornelis van Tienhoven "proposes orally":
Whether it be not advisable to ask the Hon''.'^ General for the bell, which stands idle in the
Fort, either as a present or on valuation, to hang['] it, and make use of it, at the City Hall. —
Rec. N. Am., II: 25.
Again, on March 28, 1659:
On Jan Gillis Koeck's petition, wherein he requests, that some allowance be granted him for
ringing the bell on the Ordinary Court day and publication, is apostilled: — Petitioner is pro-
visionally allowed for a yearly salary for the ringing of the bell for this City, and bringing and
fetching the cushions in and out the Church the sum of fl. 50. — Ibid.,N\\: 218.
The earliest reference that has been found to a market occurs in the Laws and Ordinances
of New Netherland (p. 89), under date of March 10, 1648, where a weekly market day,
Monday, and an annual "Free Market," beginning on the first Monday after St. Bartholo-
mew's day (September 2d), and continuing for ten consecutive days, are referred to, "on
which weekly and annual days" purchases were to be permitted and to be supplied to
"the purchaser from a Booth." An earlier mention exists, in the Laws and Ordinances (p.
29), of the establishment of two annual fairs, in 1641, "a Cattle Fair on the 15th of Octo-
ber, and a fair for Hogs on the ist of November." No permanent building was men-
tioned in connection with either of these, and in all probability none existed. Neither
was any definite site named, although we are told that farmers coming to the city with
"divers articles, such as Beef, Pork, Butter, Cheese, Turnips, Carrots, Cabbage, and other
Country produce" were "obliged to remain a long time at the Beach with their produce,
frequently to their serious loss, because the Commonalty, or at least a majority thereof,"
who lived "at a distance from the Beach," were "not aware that such articles" were
"brought for sale." To remedy this evil, another ordinance was passed, on September
13, 1656, establishing a regular market for country produce, to be held "on the Beach by
or near the house of Mr. Hans Kiersteede," and changing the market day to Saturday. —
Ibid., 251.
This market seems later to have been removed, probably at the time when the sheet-
['] The Dutch word used in the manuscript Records is, apparently, "gangen," not "hangen," but the general
meaning of the entry, as here translated, may safely be retained.
THE CASTELLO PLAN 345
piling along the Strand was finished — about 1658 — as, with the completion of this work,
the beach must have disappeared, except, perhaps, at low water. It is, however, possible
that this market continued to exist in the same neighbourhood on the Strand until the
establishment, by Andros, in 1677, of the new market house at the head of the pier.
The next reference to a market is under date of February 21, 1658 {Rec. N. Am., VII:
177), when Claas van Elslant, Sr., petitioned "to attend on the Market {hal kneght) as
both the English and strangers sometimes ask, that some person may be appointed, who
should keep block, scales and weights in the shambles, so as not to be at a loss, when they
come there with their meat etc." This petition, "for certain reasons," was refused, but
the complaints and dissatisfaction of the country people led to the establishment, in the
following year, of a more satisfactory market for meat. On March 7, 1659, the burgo-
masters drafted a placard in English, which they sent to all the neighbouring towns, together
with the following letter:
The annexed is to let your Honor know our resolution to erect and establish in this City a
Market for fat and lean cattle, requesting your Hono"^^ to be pleased to make the same known to
your subjects, so that if any proprietor be among them, who may be inclined to repair hither with
their Cattle at the time fixed in the enclosed, they may regulate themselves accordingly. Whereunto
awaiting we are and remain Your Hono" friends.
The Burgomasters of the City Amsterdam in N. Netherland. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 216.
There is no indication that any permanent or substantial building was erected in con-
nection with any of these early market places.
However, on April iSth, following, the burgomasters "resolved and concluded to
erect the Meat-Market; further to cover it with tiles; to have a block brought therein,
and to leave the key with Andries (de Haas) the baker who shall provisionally have charge
thereof." — Rec. N. Am., VII: 219. This was, in all probability, the first permanent market
building erected. Its exact location and the place where the market was held after it was
removed from the strand or beach in front of Kiersteede's house are nowhere mentioned
in the records, although it is a significant fact that the earliest mention of the Marckvelt,
which name was first applied to the plain east of the Fort, occurs on February 9, 1658,
just about the time when the sheet-piling along the strand had been completed; and it
seems a reasonable conjecture that the market place was removed from the beach to this
location at this time.
It is also interesting to note that the first mention of the Marckvelt Steegh (which
led from the canal to the plain around the Fort) occurs on July 6 of this same year (Liber
A: 134), whereas, apparently, it was not until 1663 that the name Marckvelt was used
to designate the plain north of the Fort. — Ibid., B: 28.
It seems altogether likely that the building erected in 1659 for a meat market, and
covered with tiles, stood east of the Fort, in close proximity to the new market-place, and
that the market for lean (live) cattle, which is referred to in the Administrative Minutes
of April 18, 1659, as "beside the ChurchYard" (Rec. N. Am., VII: 220-1), was in this
same locality, although it is possible that this reference is to the cemetery, on Broadway,
above Morris Street.
At the general Court of Assizes, held from October 6th to 13th, 1675, an annual fair
was again established, to begin the following season, in November.— M.C.C., I: 4
There, probably, were no permanent buildings erected in connection with this fair, which
must not be confused with the weekly market, which, doubtless, was still held on the smaller
plain, east of the Fort.
On January 29, 1677, Governor Andros issued the following proclamation, which
was published on February 3, 1677:
346 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Whereas a weekly markett in this Citty hath beene thought Necessary for the Convenience
good and welfare of the Inhabitants & Neighbourhoode for wS"^ a fitt house beinge now built by
the Water Side neare the Bridge and weighhouse, I have by the advice of my Covnsell & Co't of
Mayor and Aldermen Resolved and Ordered and doe hereby Publish the said Markett to begine
on Saturday the 24'.'' of March next Ensueinge in the afores*^ house and soe Every Saturday fol-
lowinge, And the Ord' of the Court of Assizes for a fFayre to bee alsoe observed to Witt att Breucklin
for Cattell Graine &c Produce of the Country the (First Munday Tuesday & Wednesday in Nouember
& in the Citty att the markett house & Plaine afore the Forte the Thursday flFryday & Saturday
followinge, . . . — M. C. C, I: 40-1.
In 1677, the new market house at "the Water Side neare the Bridge and weighhouse"
■ — just south of the pier or wharf at the foot of Moore Street — was completed by Andros. —
M. C. C, I: 40-1. This little building is very clearly shown in the Labadist view (Vol.
I, Plate 17). Apparently, the market was removed, in 1684, "to the Vacant ground before
the Fort" (M. C. C, I: 151), although the building probably remained, and, doubt-
less, is referred to in the following entries:
1686. May II. Ordered that the Markett house of this Citty be and Employed as a
warehouse for goods . . . — M. C. C, I: 179.
1689. March 7. Ordered that mT Merritt m"' Crundall and m": De Milk Agree with Cap'?
John Tuder: and all other persons about Letting Such Shops: in the Market house: as it may
Conveniently Containe: proporti[o]nable to the Length thereof: . . . — M. C. C, I: 202.
' It seems likely that the use of the market house erected in 1659, probably on the plain
east of the Fort, was also discontinued at this time.
In 1691, it was
Resolv'd that there be but one Butchers Shamble within this Citty and that it be still dayly
kept at the Green before the ffort vntill further Order; and all Butchers meate to be brought to the
Said Shambles for Sayle and no other place. — M. C. C, I: 215-6.
This reference to "the Green before the fFort" suggests the probability that such a
green existed at the period of the Plan. In 1660, the locality was referred to as the
square: "the Burgomaster Marten Cregier heard the soldiers, as they stood on the square
before his house." — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 159.
The open space formed by this green and the surrounding roadways, apparently, was
used, even in these early times, for manoeuvers.
On September 25, 1694, it was ordered that "the Markett house or Shed in the broadway
be Lett to farme unto Henry Crosly . . ." — M. C. C, I: 362-3. In 1707, this building
was ordered demolished. — Ibid., II: 338.
For more detailed information regarding the Marckvelt and the other early market
places and buildings, etc., the reader is referred to the Chronology.
It will be noticed that the fences shown on the Castello Plan are very high — presumably
for purposes of defense — and are generally made of vertical slabs or of clapboards, stone
being difficult to secure and high in price. An ordinance of December 31, 1654, fixes a
penalty for destroying or stealing "Clapboards, Palisades, Posts, Rails, and other fencing
stuff."— Laws y Ord., N. Neth., 185-6.
Stone walls have been shown only where the Castello Plan or the Dutch records seem
to indicate that actual masonry construction was used, although the terms "fence" and
"wall" were, evidently, sometimes used without special distinction, as is the case in vari-
ous parts of New England, even at the present day.
The palisades along the present Wall Street were erected in 1653. At this time England
and Holland were at war, and the Dutch were apprehensive of an attack by New England,
which was then undertaking military preparations. On March 14, 1653, the burgomasters
THE CASTELLO PLAN 347
and schepens submitted to the provincial authorities a suggestion to "set off this City
of New Amsterdam in the most convenient way with a stockade," and afterwards to put
the Fort "in a proper condition of defense as a place of retreat." — Rec. N. Am., I: 67.
The director-general and council agreed to this proposal, and a placard was issued at once:
Notice: The Committee, appointed by Director General, Council and Magistrates of this
City will receive proposals for a certain piece of work to set off the City with palisades, 12 to 13
feet long, by the rod. Any one, who wishes to undertake this work may come to the City Hall
next Tuesday afternoon, hear the conditions and look over the work. Done etc. March r;,
1653-
Let one tell it to the other! — Rec. N. Am., I: 69.
The specifications for the erection of these palisades will be found in full in the Records
(I: 72-3). It later, however, became necessary to alter these, as no bidder could be found
who was willing to do the work at the low price of twenty-five florins per rod, which was
all the committee would agree to pay. Therefore, instead of sharpened palisadoes, it was
decided to alter the plans, and to set off the work with planks. Thomas Baxter, an English-
man, undertook to supply the posts and rails. The work included a ditch, "4 to 5 feet
deep and 11 to 12 feet wide at the top sloping in a little towards the bottom." — N. Y. Col.
Docs., XIV: 201. By the end of the first week of July, the fortifications were completed.
Although the work was done at "great trouble, labor, loss of time and cost of the Com-
monalty," and the fortifications "as far as exigency of the time and case required and
demanded, were finished with the aid of the good commonalty in the completes! manner,"
the following spring (1654) found them in a dilapidated state. The burgomasters and
schepens now appealed to their neighbours in Breukelen, Midwout, and Amersfoort, for
help in repairing the works already erected, and also in setting up palisades along the North
River. — Rec. N. Am., I: 177, et seq. But the commonalty, "lulled to sleep by an idle
rumor of peace," did not go beyond these tentative proposals. Stuyvesant reproved the
burgomasters and schepens, on June 8th, saying that if they could not repair the outer
works, they ought, at least, to return to the Fort the cannon which had been placed along
the wall, in 1653, contrary to his advice, since these could be turned against the city, in
case of attack. — Ibid., I: 209.
Five days later — on June 13th — Stuyvesant and the council again specifically recom-
mended certain necessary works for the city's defense, including changes in the "outer
works," or palisades, and the removal of the cannon from thence, "that they may not be
turned and used upon us, the more so as the works, especially the angles are completely des-
troyed."—#. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 272-3.
The director-general and council now, once more, undertook the work of repairing
the fortifications, considering it
highly necessary not only to repair the Works constructed last year, but also first and foremost,
in addition to the repair and strengthening of the Fort, likewise to make some other new
Trenches and interior Works, in order the better to defend the one from the other, and in case
of need to be able to retire from the one on the other.
Officers of the "Subaltern Courts" were commanded by ordinance to help secure "able
Ditchers and Diggers from each Village, colonie or Hamlet," and to have them on hand for
duty on June i6th, to do whatever work might be "pointed out to them by the Director
General and Council or their commissioners." The labourers were to receive two guilders
a day, but the work was compulsory, and a fine was imposed on anyone drafted who failed
to respond. — Laws y Ord., N. Neth., 161-2; N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 275-6.
In August, 1654, an estimate was made of the expenditures "for the outer and inner
works constructed this and last year for the defence of the country," and it was found that
348 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
they amounted to about sixteen thousand guilders, of which the city's quota was estimated
to be "about three thousand guilders." — Rec. N. Am., I: 224-5.
On September 15, 1655, only a little over a year after the fortifications were repaired,
an attack was made by the Indians, who fell upon the city with "murder, robbery and fire."
The fortifications, in this critical juncture, were found inadequate for the city's defence,
and, on September 20th, a resolution was passed, providing "that the aforesaid erected
works shall be repaired with plank of S @ 6 feet high, nailed to the sides of the Palisades."
This work was finished on the 28th. — Rec. N. Am.., I: 363-7.
To defray the cost of the work on the fortifications, and other necessary repairs to the
city's works, an assessment was levied, but payments were slow, and as late as November
of the following year less than a third of the assessment had been collected. — Ibid., II:
218. In the meantime, work on the fortifications was allowed to lag; what had already
been done was "wholly in ruin" by the fall of 1656, and the "work begun with palisades
on the North River" was not completed. — Ibid., II: 161-3.
Nothing further seems to have been done towards completing the outer fortifica-
tions until the summer of 1658, when the director-general proposed "to enclose the
city at the river side by palisades, and to complete the stone wall of the fort." — Cal.
Hist. MSS., Dutch, 200: cf. Rec. N. Am., VII: 189-190. During this and the following
year, extensive alterations, evidently, were made to the wall, for remarks concerning
which see page 214. The records of this work are incomplete, probably being contained
in the lost book of court minutes covering the period from September 27, 1658, to Aug-
ust 19, 1659. By 1660, as the Castello Plan shows, the palisades along the North River,
apparently, had been constructed to a point nearly as far south as Battery Place. Within
a few years after this date, however, they had, evidently, fallen, and the line along Wall
Street, also, was much in need of repair.
On June 28, 1665, the inhabitants of New York were called together by a court
order to consider the question of fortifying the city. Mayor Willet, in an address, drew
their attention to the fact that the city lay "Verry Open and in Noe Capacity to Resist
the Violence of an Enemie," and asked them if
they did not judge it necessary that the Ould works made for the fortifyinge off this Towne
should be Repaired, and that the West syde alonge Hudsons River should be fortifyed with good
and sufficient pallisades for the use off which the honourable Govern^ Richard Nicols hath prof-
fered to Contribute twoe thousand Pallissades & thouand Gilders in wampum. — Rec. N. Am., V:
269.
It is a singular fact that the palisades along the North River are not shown on either
"The Duke's Plan" (Vol. I, Plate 10) or the Nicolls Plan (Plate lO-A), although they do
appear on the Miller Plan, of 1695. Whereas there seems every reason to suppose that
these bastions, at the period of the Plan, were built of stone, no positive proof of this
fact has been found in the records, and it is possible that they were built originally of
palisades, and were later reconstructed of stone. The Miller Plan shows, along Wall
Street and the North River, a single row of palisades, with "stone points" — evidence
that, in 1695 at least, these palisades were in existence, and that the bastions were then
of stone.
Another possibility, worthy of consideration, is that the stone points were built by the
masons sent over in 1657 to complete the stone work of the Fort.
In 1699, the "Stones of the old bastions or batteries" were given by Governor Bellomont
to the city, to be used in the construction of the new City Hall. — See Chronology.
ADDENDA
THE NICASIUS DE SILLE LIST
DESCRIPTION OF YE TOWNE OF MANNADONS
IN NEW NETHERLAND, AS IT WAS
IN SEPT. 1661
THE NICASIUS DE SILLE LIST
LIST OF THE TAKEN UP [OCCUPIED?] HOUSES ON
THE lo JULY 1660: WITHIN THIS TOWN
AMSTERDAM IN N: NEDERLANT
(translation)
[The Nicasius de Sille List]
The following List belongs to the collection of New Netherland Papers (Dutch
West India Archives) preserved in the Manuscript Division of the N. Y. Public
Library. It was acquired in February, 1894, at the sale of the library of George
H. Moore, forming part of item No. 1791. (Nicasius de Sille was at the time of the
census both fiscal of the province and schout of the city.)
The Heere['] Straet [the Highway] where Bur- buildings shown on
D 1 T J /^ T^ r rA THE CASTELLO PLAN
gomaster roulus Leender (jnrt lives [A:
14], [^] there are . . . . -SI- Houses 47
The Heere dwars straet [crossroad] is next to
the Latin School [B: 10] . . . o. . . . o
Outside of the Heere Poort [gate] on the road
to Haerlem stand ..... 9. 6
The Prince Gracht [Prince Canal] where the
fiscal's house stands [L: 12], there are . 24. See footnote [3]
The Prince Straet is the brewery of the Red
Lion [L: 3] 5. 5
The Tuijn [Garden] Straet where the fiscal's
garden is located [L: 12] . . .1. i
The Smee [Smith or Forge] Straet where Notary
Schelluijn lives [+] ..... 16. 15
[i] The word "Heere," as used in this List, can not be satisfactorily translated. The Heere Straet, Heere
Gracht, etc., are names transplanted from Holland, where they were, doubtless, originally used to designate locali-
ties occupied by the upper classes, the literal meaning of "Heer" being lord, master, or gentleman.
[^] The references in square brackets refer to the outline key of the Castello Plan (C. PI. 82-e).
[3] If the Prince Gracht is meant to designate only that portion of the street between the last bridge and
Tuyn Street (Exchange Place), there are but 21 houses; if it is meant to include that part of the street north of
Tuyn Street, usually called the Shaepe Weytie, then there are 28 houses. There is no separate mention, in the List,
of the Sheep Pasture, which, if it contained four houses, would account for this discrepancy.
[4] Dirck van Schelluyn owned no property in New Amsterdam in July, 1660; he probably was a tenant on the
Smee Straet. His standing as a burgher is clearly defined in an entry of May 27, 1658: "The Court . . . asked
their Secretary, Joannes Nevius, if Dirck van Schelluyne had his own room or apartment in his [Nevius's] house,
whereof he pays the rent, and if he keep fire and light there? Answers he has no room of his own, for which he pays
rent, nor keeps fire and hght at his place, but does indeed frequently sleep and write there . . . it is decreed,
that Schelluyne having no fixum domicilium in this City is liable to be arrested here." — Rec. N. Am., \l: 390.
350
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
The Slick Steegie [Muddy Lane] where Evert
Duijckingh Hves [M: 12]
The Singel [Cingle or Wall Street] where
Moesman lives [Q: 5], there are
The Waeter Poort [Water Gate]
On the Wael [river bank] where ST Govert
Loocquermans lives [Q: 14] and Carel van
Bruggen [P: 2], there are
The Hooghstraet [High Street] where Notary
van Vleeck lives [N: 11]
The Heere Gracht [canal] where Jacobus Backer
lives [M: 8]
The Bevers Gracht [Beaver Canal] where
Echbert Wouterse lives [C: 19]
The Marckt velt [market-field or place] where
Teunis Quick lives [D: 3] . . .
The Marckt velts Steegje [Market-field Lane
or Alley] where Nevius lives [^]
The Brouwers [Brewers] Straet where Burgo-
master Cortlant lives [D: 10] .
The Winckel [Shop] Straet where the fiscal lives,
there are ......
The nieuwe Bruch [new bridge] [+] at Hendrick
Jansen vander Vin's [O: i]
The Brouwers Brugh [Brewers' Bridge] at Jacob
van Couwenhoven's [N: i]
The Bruch [Bridge] Straet where Schepen
Hendrick Kip lives [£19]
Opt Waeter [at the waterside] where Stuijves-
ant [D: i], and Burgomaster Antonides
[AUard Anthony] live [F: 10] .
The Paerle [Pearl] Straet where Schepen P:
Couwenhoven lives [G: 11]
The Schrijers Hoeck [Cryers' Hook or Cor-
ner] where Michiel Jansen lives [J: 14]
Stuijvesant's Hoeck [5] [Hook or Corner] where
Jan Evert? Bout lives [H: 2], there are .
The Voorstadt [suburb] ahas Smits Valleij
[Smith's Valley or Dale] has
At the Kaeij [wharf or pier] at the end of the
Voorstadt [suburb] there are .
BUILDINGS SHOWN ON
THE CASTELLO PLAN
6. [Houses] 6
17-
23
25
23
14
10
14
ir.
20.
24.
2.
16
21
See footnote [ '
23
13
14
See footnote [3]
See footnote [+]
II
18
20
['] 25 houses, if Van Couwenhoven's brewery is not counted.
[2] Joannes Nevius is not found as the owner of any property on the Marckvelt Steegie, in 1660. He probably
rented a house there.
[3] 9 houses, including the Company's five houses.
[4] Only entry as to its date is one of August 30, 1659, when Cornelis Steenwyck rendered a bill for "151 plank
for the New Bridge." — Rec. N. Am., Ill: 38.
[s] This is the only mention of Stuyvesant's Hoogh — in this vicinity — encountered in the Records.
THE NICASIUS DE SILLE LIST
At the Belle Videre ['] where D° Drijsij [Domine
Drisius's] Houses stand [A: 12, 12A], there
are .......
Houses
351
BUILDINGS SHOWN ON
THE CASTELLO PLAN
4. [Houses]
342
333[^]
The Castle Amsterdam stands on Stuijvesant's Hoogh [height or hill].
The Windmill the same.
The Company's garden on the Heere Straet [highway].
The Church in the Castle.
The cemetery on the Heere Straet [highway].
The Stadthuijs [City Hall] stands by the Wael [river bank].
The Hall in the Hoogh [High] Straet behind the Stadthuijs [City
Hall].
The Vis marckt [fish market] by the Wael [river bank] in front
of Hendrick Jansen vander Vin [O: i].
The Waech [balance or scales] at the water side next to the Wijnbruch
[Wine bridge] which is also strongly fixed at the water side.
The Gasthuijs [hospital] [E: 23] is in the Bruch [Bridge] Straet
behind the fiscal's house[3] [E: 24].
The 5 houses of the Company stand in the Winckelstraet [Shop
Street] [E: 6].
The gherecht [place of justice] on the Capske.
NAMES OF ALL PLACES IN NIEW NEDERLANDT UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF
THE WEST INDIA CO.
VILLAGES
Breukelen
Midwout
Vlissinghen
Middelburg
Heemstede
Aernhem
Vtrecht
Haerlem
Amersfoort
Rustdurp
.^sopis
Gravesande
Oostdurp
['] "Belle Videre" is a new name, as applied to this locality.
[2] This total, which is approximate only, is arrived at by adding to the above figures the number of houses
referred to in the footnotes in this column, and also by supposing the same number of houses in the suburb (24)
and at the pier (2) as are given in the De Sille List. For a further comparison of the List and Plan, see page 210.
[3] The Manuscript, from this point, is in the handwriting of Fiscal-Schout Nicasius de Sille. V. H. P.
The Castle Amsterdam
The City Amsterdam
The Fort Oragne [sic: Orange]
The City Beverwijck
The Colony Rinselaerswijck
The Fort Altena
The Colony Niew Amstel
The Colony of the Swedes Tinneconq
PLATES
83-84
C PL 83.
mr mi
dcfL JO /Z
^
dc^c^^ yye^'itS^ij/e^iA
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"is./ ^,--.^lS^-Ai^'-y -C^+^V^S *'*^'^ - ■ ■ ■' 2 4
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CPL. 84.
'^Kft^fL- ;. J^»/ tW^^ ^r*^N- ^v^f-.V p^v^^Oh- ^i>,':<^'"
DESCRIPTION OF YE TOWNE OF MANNADONS
IN NEW NETHERLAND, AS IT WAS
IN SEPT. 1661
-J^s
DESCRIPTION OF YE TOWNE OF MANNADONS
IN NEW NETHERLAND AS IT WAS
IN SEPT. 1661
The manuscript reproduced on Plates 85 and 86 was found in 1906-7 by Miss
Francis G. Davenport, of the Department of Historical Research of the Carnegie
Institution, among the records of the Royal Society of London, in a volume en-
titled Guard Book No. 7, part i. It was reproduced and described for the first
time, in 1909, by Dr. J. Franklin Jameson, in his Narratives of New Netherland.
The origin of the manuscript is unknown, but its close correspondence — in date,
title, and contents — ^with the so-called "Duke's Plan," of the same year — A De-
scription of the Town of Mannados (Vol. I, PI. 10) — is suggestive and interesting.
For a brief comparison of these two documents and some remarks on their possible
authorship, see Castello Plan (C. PI. 82); Vol. I, Plate 10; and Chronology, where
the manuscript is printed in full.
PLATES
85-86
C.PL. 85
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jv^y-^ 'i^ *4Ai/~^ /iy*'*'^^ /ii-*/.A' /<f'^ iyi^ <. '.^ xa^j^ (Xi^v^^ <Aif -t^
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NOTE
It is with deep regret that the author is obUged to announce that
complications caused by the present European war have made it
impossible for the English manufacturers to exactly match the paper
supplied under the original order, which, unfortunately, proved in-
sufficient to complete the second volume beyond this point.
The new paper, which has just been received — after an exasper-
ating delay — was made by the same firm as the old, in the same
molds, and with the best materials procurable. To have refused to
accept it would have entailed a serious further postponement of
publication, and the author, therefore, trusts that his decision to pro-
ceed at once with the printing, using this paper, will, under the cir-
cumstances, receive the approval of subscribers.
I. N. P. S.
November 14, 1916.
IV
THE DUTCH GRANTS
INTRODUCTORY NOTES
THE Map of the Dutch Grants has been prepared with much care and is
believed to be a substantially correct plotting of the locations and dimen-
sions of the various ground-briefs, or patents, granted to settlers of Amster-
dam in Nevi^ Netherland by the directors-general and councils who governed New
York under the Dutch. All known and available sources — in nearly all instances
official records — have been searched, in an attempt to make this plan as complete
and accurate as possible. Instruments of title, ground-briefs, transports, con-
firmations, deeds, and mortgages, not only in the Dutch period, but for many years
subsequent to that time, have been painstakingly examined and collated. Re-
searches have been made in Albany — in the offices of the Secretary of State, the
State Librarian, and the State Engineer; in New York City — in the offices of the
Register of Deeds, the Comptroller, and the City Clerk; in the New York Public
Library, the New York Historical Society, the Long Island Historical Society, the
Library of Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan, etc. All available maps of the city, or parts
thereof, from the earliest times, have also been examined for traces of original pat-
ent lines. Early street opening maps, belonging originally to the Office of the Com-
missioner of Street Openings, but recently transferred to the Department of Public
Works, Bureau of Design and Survey, have yielded much valuable information.
After the examination of many plans, in search of one suitable for use as a back-
ground or base on which to lay down the grants, a selection was finally made of
the extremely accurate series of Maps of the Burnt District surveyed by Joseph F.
Bridges, city surveyor, immediately after the fire of 1835.
The Grant Map is designed to show the lines of the ground-briefs (patents) made
to colonists by the Dutch West India Company, through its directors-general and
councils. The Key, in each instance, after setting forth the date and description of
the ground-brief, proceeds with the history of the title of the lot granted, its parti-
tioning by transports (deeds of conveyance), etc., up to the close of Stuyvesant's
administration (1664). In a few cases, it was thought advisable to recite some later
records, as, for example, in connection with the subdivision, in Colve's time, of
the garden of the West India Company.
Below the city wall, the blocks have been given literal designations — A, B, C,
etc. — and the ground-briefs in each block have been numbered i, 2, 3, etc. Outside
the wall, the ground-briefs only have been delineated and explained, and no attempt
has been made to trace the subsequent history of these grants.
356 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
The earliest ground-brief recorded is one of July 20, 1638, to Andries Hudde,
for a tract of land in Harlem. This grant and those which followed were in pursuance
of an ordinance by Kieft and his council, passed June 24, 1638, as follows:
The Free people having by petition requested Patents of the Lands which they are
at present cultivating, the prayer of the Petitioners is granted, on condition that at
the expiration of Ten years, after entering on their Plantation, they shall pay yearly
to the Company the Tenth of all crops which God the Lord shall grant to the field;
also, from this time forth, one couple of Capons for a house and lot. — Laws y Ord., N.
Neth., 16; TV. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 9.
From very early days, there was a general understanding that the lots were
granted to settlers only upon condition that they build "regular, good and decent
houses" thereupon, and improve the land. The earliest enactment that we find on
this subject is an ordinance of July 25, 1647, wherein holders of ground-briefs were
notified to build within nine months or forfeit their lots to "the Patroon or Lord pro-
prietor," failing which they should be "conveyed to whomsoever he pleases." —
Laws y Ord., N. Neth., 74; re-enacted April 9, 1658, ibid.: 343.
An ordinance of similar tenor was passed December 15, 1648, wherein the director-
general and council "notify all persons once more for the last time to erect proper
buildings on their lots ... or the Director General and Council will dispose" of
them "to those who are inclined to build."- — Laws y Ord., N. Neth., 105.
The Amsterdam Chamber, by a letter dated May 18, 1654, conceded to the
burgomasters and schepens the right to execute (i. e., record) transports and deeds
of conveyance of houses and lots situated within the city. [ ' ] The fee for each record
was one beaver or 8 guilders (about $3.20), to be applied: 3 guilders for the seal,
iy2 guilders for the schepens who signed the deed, and 3^ guilders as a fee for the
clerk. — Laws y Ord., N. Neth., 189.
In 1655, a survey of the streets was begun, and on February 25, 1656, "The Sur-
vey of the streets of this City . . . accompanied with a Model or Plan, according to
which the Streets have been set off and laid out with stakes" was confirmed "for the
present and future time, without making any alteration therein. ... It shall remain
to the Burgomasters to determine what Streets and Lots are first to be built on, only
that according to ancient usage the patents required therefor are applied for and ob-
tained from the Director General and Council." — Laws y Ord., N. Neth., 219.
In 1657, the second survey or plan of the city was made by Jacques Cortelyou.
Subsequently, on January 25, 1658 (Rec. N. Am., VII: 170), the director-general
and council granted and conveyed to the burgomasters the "unconceded lots within
this City's walls." But respecting "the further granting of lots, it is resolved to
proceed no further before a map thereof be made," and the city surveyor (Cor-
telyou) was ordered to draw a map as soon as possible. — Rec. N. Am., VII: 182.
Under these several ordinances, some deeds were executed by the burgomasters,
and will be found in the Key.
On June 7, 1660, Jacques Cortelyou, surveyor-general of New Netherland, was
directed by the provincial government to survey and make a map of the lots within
[']A municipal form of government, under a schout, two burgomasters, and five schepens, was granted to New
Amsterdam April 4, 1652.— Z)oir. Hist. N. Y., I: 387, A^. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 169.
INTRODUCTORY NOTES 357
the City of New Amsterdam. — Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch, 213. This plan of the city
was transmitted to the directors at Amsterdam on October 6th of the same year
by the director-general and council (N. Y. Col. Docs., XIV: 486), and can, almost
without doubt, be identified as the original from which the Castello Plan was copied.
That another and more elaborate plan was authorised and executed is evident from
the fact that, at a meeting of the burgomasters held January 26, 1662, Cortelyou is
asked how he progresses with the map of the city, and answers that he has com-
pleted it. — Min. of Orph. Court, II: 124. There are records proving that he and one
Jacob van de Water, who assisted in the work, were paid for making this map one
hundred rijksdaalder (dollars). — Ibid., 11: 129, 130.
The work of plotting the Dutch grants was greatly facilitated by the use of the
Bridges Survey of 1835—6, the lines of which conform very closely to those of the old
city. This early tax map was also found to have retained many of the old patent
lines, now generally obliterated, although, in some instances, they may still be traced
on the modern plan. Thus, the south line of the Damen grant is the north boundary
of Trinity Churchyard; the line between numbers 61 and 63 Broadway (the build-
ings, respectively, of the Adams and American Express Companies), is the south
boundary of the garden of the West India Company, being the north line of the
grant made in 1649 to an infant son of Director-General Stuyvesant; and the south
side of the Exchange Court building is the south boundary of Rutger Arentsen van
Suyl's patent, of 1643.
For the purposes of this work, the Bridges Maps of the Burnt District were accu-
rately re-drawn at the scale of the original (20 feet to the inch), and photo-
graphically reduced for reproduction here. The ground-briefs were first studied
with regard to their probable location, and to their relation to the streets and to
neighbouring grants, and their dimensions were reduced from Dutch rods and feet to
English feet and inches. ['] Confirmations from English governors, many of which
recite transactions nowhere else recorded; early deeds, mortgages, bills of sale, and
wills were grouped with the grants to which they refer. Then, a systematic search,
backward, through the Locality Plant of the Title Guarantee and Trust Company
was made. Frequent recitals of early grants and confirmations were found in
instruments recorded often a century later, and in which the location was fixed beyond
dispute. In this way, questions of ownership, location, and dimension were solved.
Although the grant descriptions in many instances were vague and unsatisfactory,
yet each one was eventually fitted into its proper place, an evidence of the remark-
able accuracy of the Dutch real estate records, in even the earliest times.
One grant only, below the city wall, was found impossible of location, [^] and not
an inch of the walled city has been left unaccounted for on the Map of the Dutch
Grants.
The instruments set forth are not transcribed in full, as will appear. Descriptions
are not usually copied verbatim et literatim — brevity and clearness were necessary —
but essential accuracy has been scrupulously observed. Proper names are not always
uniforml}' spelled — the original forms in which they appear having generally been
retained.
[■] After many calculations and comparisons, the best working standard was found to be : i Dutch rod =
I 2 ft. 6 ins., English ; I Dutch foot = i i inches, English.
[2] Ground-brief to Ariaen Petersen van Alckmaer, Sept. 7, 1645. (See note at end of Key.)
ABBREVIATIONS
afsd., aforesaid.
Alb., Albany.
amtg., amounting.
atty., attorney.
bet., between.
br., breadth, broad.
Cal. Hist. MSS. Dutch. E. B. O'Callaghan's Calendar of the Colonial (sometimes referred to as
Historical) MSS. translated from the Dutch.
cert., certain.
Co., County.
conf., confirmation, confirmed.
cont'g, containing.
desc, description.
Dutch MSS., Colonial MSS., Vols. I, II, III, in State Library.
E., E'ly, east, easterly.
GG, Volume of Dutch Grants marked "G. G." in the Office of the Secretary of
State, Albany, N. Y.
gr., grains; pepper-corns.
Gr-br., Ground-brief.
HH, Volume marked '" H. H." in office of Secretary of State, Albany, N. Y.
HH-2, Part II of Vol. H. H. afsd.
ho., hos., house, houses.
Lib., Liber.
Lib. A (etc.) Deeds, Libers of Conveyance in the Office of the Register of the County of New
N. Y. Co., York.
m., married.
mtge., mortgage.
N., N'ly, north, northerly.
N. Y. Col. Docs., Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York.
Pat., Pats., patent, patents.
Pats. Alb Volumes of Patents in the Office of the Secretary of State, Albany, N. Y.
p. o., part of.
Rec. N. Am., Records of New Amsterdam.
r., rod.
S., S'ly, south, southerly.
s. a., same as.
St., street.
W., W'ly, west, westerly.
wid., widow.
PLATES
87-87-a
C.PLE
PL. 87
DEHEERE W ETO H DE HEERE STRAET
THC COMMON HIGHWAY
TH E G R EAT PUBLIC ROAD
C. PL 87a.
ENLARGED DETAILS OF C. PL. 87
KEY TO THE DUTCH GRANTS
BLOCK A
LOT I
1650
July 26 Gr-br. to Jan Martyn. Not found of record. Re-
cited below in conf. to Lodowyck Pos. (Pats. Alb.,
II: IC9.)
1656
May 15 Bill of sale of above granted lot and a ho. Jan
Martyn to Lodowyck Pos. Recited in following in-
strument:
1662
Mch. 27 Deed. Jan Martyn to Lodowyck Pos. (Lib. A,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 257.) Desc: Ho. and lot E. of Strand
of North river; bounded N. by ho. and lot of M. Cregier,
3 r., 3 ft.; E. by ho. and lot of wid. of Pieter Kock,
deed., 6 r., 3 ft.; S. by wagon road terminating near
strand of North river, 4 r., 7 ft.; W. by strand of North
river, 6 r. Recites gr-br., July 26, 1650; bill of sale
May IS, 1656.
Mch. 27 Deed. Lodowyck Pos to Claas Jansen Ruyter,
Pieterje Jans, ux. and Herman Doussen. (Lib. A,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 258.) Lot E. of Strand of North
river, bounded N. and E. by the houses and lots of L.
Pos; S. by wagon road terminating near strand of North
river; W. by strand afsd., 65 ft.; S. E. side, 46 ft.; S. W.
side, 50 ft.; N. E. side, 36 ft. Recites foregoing instru-
ment of even date; measured by J. Cortelyou, Feb. 28,
1661. This conveyance included only p. 0. the premises
of which Lodowyck Pos was possessed.
1663
June 16 Deed. Johannes Nevius, Vendue Master, to Simon
Jansen Romeyn. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 113.) Re-
citing terms and conditions of sale. Desc: s. a. fore-
going deed.
1667
Feb. 28 Conf. by Mayor and Aldermen to Simon Jansen
Romeyn of same premises. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.:
IIS.)
Sep. 24 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Lodowyck Pos. (Pats.
Alb., II: 109.) Recites gr-br. to Jan. Martyn, July
26, 1650; deed to Pos, Mch. 27, 1662. Desc: To £. of
Strand of North river, having to N. Martyn Cregier; to
E. wid. of Pieter Cock, deed.; to S. a cert, waggon-way
that goes down to the Strand of the North river; and to
W. the Strand afsd. Cont'g in length on the E. side,
next to wid. of Pieter Cock, 6 r., 3 ft.; and on the W.
alongst the river-side, 6 r.; in br., on the S. side, 4 r., 7
ft., and on the N. side, 3 r., 3 ft.
Note : This instrument errs in confirming Pos in
whole of gr-br., as piece sold to Claas Jansen Ruyter
must be excluded therefrom.
LOT 2
1644
Gr-br. to Thomas Broen. Not found of record. Re- Aug. 25
cited below in conf. to Anneke Cock. (Pats. Alb., II:
166.)
1661
Ho. built by Anneke Dircks (Cock). (See Rec. N.
Am., Ill: 310.)
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Anneke Cock, wid. of Feb. 13
Pieter. (Pats. Alb., II: 166.) Recites gr-br. to
Thomas Broen, Aug. 25, 1644; deed to Gerrit Douman;
deed Douman to Pieter Cock, May 15, 1648. Desc: To
the S.* (N.) of the Beaver's Path, bet. the Fort and the
lot of Jan Stevensen; stretching to the N.* (S.) side alongst
the Beaver's Path, 8 r.; on the E. side, 4 r., 6 ft.; on the
S. side, next to the Fort, 8 r., 7 ft. and next to the Strand
on the W. side, 4 r., 7 ft.; amtg. in all to 38 r., 2 ft. and
5 ins.
•The confirmation of the er-br. to Thomas Broen contains many
inaccuracies. It was situated to the north of the Beaver's Path, in-
stead of to the south of it; it did not extend to the Strand. The date
was undoubtedly earlier than Aug. 25, 1644 for there is a mortgage
of record, made by Jannitje Broen, wife of Thomas Broen to Isaac
Allerton. for a house near Fort Amsterdam, as early as July 25, 1644.
[Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch: 29.) Thomas Broen sold a ho. and lot N. of
Fort Amsterdam to Jan Jansen Damen, Aug. 24, 1648. (Co/. Hist.
MSS., Dutch: 42.) Damen may have lived here much earlier, for De
Vries says, in his Journal, under date of 1642 (in reference to the
building of the new church in the fort) "We chose . . .
Damen because he lived close by the Fort." (Jameson's Nor. iv.
Nilh.: 212.) As Damen is not found elsewhere "close by the Fort
probably the name in the confirmation should be Damen, not Douman.
LOT 3
1643
Gr-br. to Martin Cregier. (GG: 60.) Desc: A May 18
cert, lot for a ho. and garden lying N. of the Fort on the
Island of Manhattans, extending from the ho. about
westward, 9 r., 2 ft., i in.; towards the Fort about S.,
6 r., 9 ft., 2 ins., 9 gr.; again about in an Easterly direc-
tion with a great outpoint, 14 r„ 6 ft., i in.; further, to
the place of beginning, 4 r., s ft-J amtg. in an uneven
four-sided figure to 86 r., 3 ft., 6 ins., 7 gr.
1664
Gr-br. to Martin Cregier. (HH-2: 135.) "In place Jan. 26
of a lot granted to him 18 May, 1643, and surrendered."
Said new gr-br. being on the same land as that of previous
date, but dimensions modified as follows: A lot for a
ho. and garden in the city on the W. of the Great High-
way, N. of the lot of Anna Cox, S. of Francis Boon; in br.
on E., 41 ft. (wood measure), 5 ins.; on W. 44 wood ft.,
S ins.; in length on N. and S., 13 r.
1666
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Martin Cregier. Not found Feb. 20
360
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Feb. 20 of record. Recited in deed (Lib. 13, Deeds, N. Y. Co.:
183.)
LOT 4
No gr-br. found of record. Gerrit Douman in posses-
sion prior to Jan. 8, 1650, according to recitals in Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 10.
165 1
Sep. 6 Deed. Peter Stoutenbergh to Jan Hendricksen
Steelman. {Dutch MSS., Ill: 94.) Desc: For a lot
N. of the Fort; Northward of Ft. Amsterdam and
the Beaver's Path and Southward the ho. and lot at
present belonging to Dominie Megapolensis, same as
deed to Pieter Stoutenbergh, Jan. 8, 1650, except so
much as has already been surveyed off.
1655
Mch. 17 Deed. Jan Hendricksen Steelman to Jacobus Backer.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 10.) Recites deed for ho.
and lot Gerrit Douman to Pieter Stoutenbergh, by Henry
Van Dyck, atty., Jan. 8, 1650; Pieter Stoutenbergh to
Jan Hendricksen Steelman, Dec. 3, 1654. Confirmed to
Steelman, May 20, 1655, by City Seal, " by President."
Desc: Ho. and Lot N. of Ft. Amsterdam and Beavers
Path on North river; S. of ho. and lot of Dominie Meg-
apolensis; br., 32 ft. on E. and W. sides; long, as much as
the other lots, according to survey.
1659
Sep. 15 Deed. Jacobus Backer to Jacob De Langh. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 177.) Desc: Ho. and lot W. of
Heere Straet, bounded S. by Mr. Cregier's newly built
ho,; W. by Strand of North river; N. by ho. and lot of
Dominie J. Megapolensis and E. by above street. 32
ft. on E. and W. sides and long same as other lots, accord-
ing to survey.
LOT 5
1643
July 3 Gr-br. to Jan Stevensen, Schoolmaster. (GG: 70.)
Desc: A lot for a ho. and garden lying N, of the Ft.
Amsterdam, stretching in the length 12 r., 8 ft., 4 ins. and
5 gr.; in br. in front of the ho. 10 r. 9 ft., I in.; in the rear
in br. 0 r., 5 ft., 2 gr.; amtg. together in a crooked cor-
nered lot to 103 r., 9 ins., 2 gr.
1649
Aug. 13 Certificate. (Dutch MSS., Ill: ^i-) "That we, the
undersigned . . . testify and declare . . . that
Jan Stevensen, late Schoolmaster here, hath sold to
. . . Jacob Jacobsen Roy a cert. ho. and garden
standing on the N. side of the fort as appears by the
gr-br. thereof, for which ho. and garden he, Jan Steven-
sen, was paid in full by Jacob Roy, and in consequence
of his sudden departure for Fatherland, no deed was
executed ... In Testimony, etc., (signed) Claes
Van Elslant. Abraham Pietersen."
Aug. 13 Deed. Jacob Jacobsen Roy to Abram Isaacksen
Planck. {Dutch MSS., Ill: 52.) Recites gr-br. to Jan
Stevensen, July 3, 1643; above certificate; and conveys
same premises.
1650
Apl. 15 Deed. Abraham Verplanck to Dirck Bensinck. Not
found of record. Recited in instrument set forth below.
Aug. 3 Deed. Dirck Bensinck to Johannes Megapolensis.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 26.) Recites deed Abraham
Verplanck to Dirck Bensinck, Apl. 15, 1650, approved by
Director-General, May 23, 1650. Desc: Ho. and lot
N. side Ft. Amsterdam, W. side Great Highway, abutting
on S. side to Jacob Backer; W. side, the River E. side,
the Highway; N. side, other part of land of Megapolensis.
Br. in front, on E. side, 4 r., 9 ft.; long on S. side, 10 r.,
S ft.; N. side, 9 r., 5 ft. This is p. o. gr-br.
i6;6
Deed. Abraham Verplanck to Johannes Megapol- Jan. 21
ensis. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 27.) Desc: Lot N.
side of Ft. Amsterdam, W. side the Great Highway;
abutting on S. side to the lot conveyed by Verplanck to
Dirck Bensinck and by the same to Megapolensis;
bounded E. by the Common Highway; N. by the lot of
; W. by the river; in br. on street, 4 r., 3 ft.,
iK 'IS.; rear, 4 r., 2K ft.; long on the N. side, 12 r., 4 ft.,
and on the S. side, 9 r., 5 ft.; according to survey by
Court Messenger, Aug. 21, 1649; and that in virtue of
deed Aug. 13, 1649; recites also gr-br. to Roy, July 3,
1643. Conveys p. o. gr-br.
1663
Deed. Dominie Johannes Megapolensis to Cornells Mch. 10
Van Ruyven, Secretary and Receiver of West India
Co. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 5.) Conveys s. a. deed,
Bensinck to Megapolensis (supra). Probably a trust
deed, by way of mortgage, Megapolensis being found in
possession of same premises later. See conf. set forth
below.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Dominie Johannes Mega- Jan. 9
polensis. Pats. Alb., II: 153 confirms latter in posses-
sion of premises described in deeds Bensinck to Mega-
polensis, Aug. 3, 1655 and Verplanck to Megapolensis,
Jan. 21, 1656 (supra).
LOT 6
1649
Gr-br. to unknown grantee. Not found of record. Apl. 15
See conf. below for recital.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Lucas Andries. (Pats. Apl. 30
Alb., II: 20.) Recites gr-br. Stuyvesant to . . .
Apl. 15, 1649. Land to the N. of the garden of Jacob
Roy Constapel, to the S. of the Old Church Yard;*
cont'g in br. before towards the waggonway, 3 r. and
behind on the Strand side, the like; also, that the title
and interest were made over to Lucas Andries.
•"S. of the Old Church Yard" is general, as this grant did not
stretch as far N. as the Church Yard.
LOT 7
1649
Gr-br. to Hendrick Jansen (de Ruyter) van Utrecht. Apl. 20
Not found of record. Recited in instruments set forth
below.
1659
Deed. Hendrick Jansen to Barent Cruytdorp. (Lib. Apl. 5
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 155.) Recites gr-br. Apl. 20, 1649.
Desc: Ho. and lot on Heere Wegh; S. by Lucas An-
driessen; N. by L. Pieters; E. by street, 19 ft.; W. by
Strand of North River, 2; ft. Measured by sworn sur-
veyor, J. Cortelyou, Apl. 3, 1659; at length 40 ft. it is
22 ft. wide; long in the whole, 9 r., 4 ft.
1663
Bill of Sale. Court of City to Gerrit Hendricksen. Apl. 2$
(Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 82; Rcc. N. Am., IV: 135.)
s. a. above-described premises. Mentions "ho. and lot
formerly of B. Cruytdorp."
LOT 8
1649
Gr-br. to Jan Huygen. (Original in library of J. June 6
Pierpont Morgan, Esq.) Desc: Cert, premises for a ho.
and garden situated and located on the Island of Man-
hattan along the paling of the Gentlemen's Carriage
Road,* bet. the Church-yard and the premises of
Hendrick Jansen having a br. on the Gentlemen's Car-
riage Road of 3 r.; its length along the premises of
Hendrick Jansen of Utrecht, 9 r., 4 ft.; and on the S. side;
Northward toward the Church-yard, 9 r., 4 ft. Recites
•Broadway.
THE DUTCH GRANTS
361
June 6 measured by Paul Leendertsen, surveyor and found to
have a length of 7 r., 3 ins. Recites Jan Huygen died;
the widow married again with Dirck Wiggerts. Accord-
ing to the calculation the following are the dimensions of
the premises: Br. of front along the road, 3 r.; br. of rear,
3 r., 3 ft.; length of both sides, 9 r., 11 ft., 3 ins.
1668
Feb. 14 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Dirck Wiggerts. (Pats.
Alb., II: 169.) Recites gr-br. to John Huygen, June 5,
1643 {sic); also, death of Huygen and marriage of his
widow to Wiggerts. Desc: W. side of the Broad High-
way, bet. the Church-yard and lot of Hendrick Jansen.
On the Highway, 3 r.; behind, towards the strand, 3 r.,
3 ft.; in length, S. side, next to Hendrick Jansen van
IJtrecht, 9 r., 1 1 ft., 3 ins.; and on the N. side, towards the
Church-yard, the like.
LOT 9
•651
Mch. 10 Gr-br. to Frederic Jansen. (Original in library of J.
Pierpont Morgan, Esq.) Desc: Premises for a ho. and
garden situated on the Island of Manhattan, on the W.
side of the great Gentlemen's Road (Highway), bet. the
premises of Jan Huygen and William Fredericksen, wide,
along the Highway, 3 r. ; along the shore or W. side, 3 r.,
4 ft.; long, both on the S. and N. sides, 9 r., 4 ft. En-
dorsed: The measure of this property has been retaken
and has been staked off according to this indenture,
Manhattan, Apl. 4, 1659. J. Cortelyou, Sworn Sur-
veyor.
1656
June 23 Bill of sale. Jan Pietersen, husband and guardian of
Gretchen Jansen, wid. of Frederic Jansen to Hans Steyn.
(Original in library of J. Pierpont Morgan, Esq.) Desc:
A cert. ho. and lot situated in this city on the Broadway,
which property is bounded on the S. side by that of
Lysbet Pietersen, wid. of Jan Huygen, and on the N. side
by that of Dirck Jansen's; wide and long according to the
gr-br. dated Mch. 10, 165 1. "As it was at the beginning
of the month of April, 1655, as at that time it was fenced
and built upon and was entered upon by the purchaser."
Nov. 15 Deed. Jan Pietersen (having m. wid. of Frerick
Jansen) to Hans Steyn. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 28.)
Recites gr-br. to F. Jansen, Mch. 10, 165 1; bill of sale
June 23, 1656. Desc: Ho. and lot W. of Marckvelt;
bounded S. by ho. and lot of D. Wiggersen; N. by ho. and
lot of Director-general; according to said gr-br. is br. in
front on street, or the E. side, 3 r.; in rear, on W. side,
3 r., 4 ft.; long, both N. and S. sides, 9 r., 4 ft.
1656
June 30 Bill of sale. Hans Steyn to Lucas Dirck Van Den
Burgh. (Original injibrary of J. Pierpont Morgan, Esq.)
Desc: A cert. ho. and lot situated in this city on the
broad way which are bounded on the S. side by the
property of Lysbet Pietersen, wid. of Jan Huygen, and by
that of Dirck Jansen; on the N. side, wide and long
according to gr-br. dated Mch. 10, 165 1 ; another cert,
strip of ground according to the bill of sale dated Aug. 28,
1655, for an alley 4 ft. in general width to the end of the
length of the lot of Jan Swaen who sold the same strip to
Hans Steyn, along the S. side of the lot of Dirck Nes and
the lot of Frederick Jansen; and this by authority of gr-
br. of date of October 23, 1654.
1663
Nov. 15 Deed. Hans Steyn to Lucas Dircksen Van Der Burgh.
(Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 29.) Conveys s. a. preceding
instrument.
1668
Feb. 13 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Lucas Dircksen. (Pats.
Alb., II: 163.) Confirms premises s. a. preceding instru-
ment.
LOT 10
1650
Gr-br. to unknown grantee.* Not found of record. May 23
Recited in following instrument:
Deed. Dirck Nes to Cornells de Bruyn. (Lib. A, Aug. 31
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 28.) Recites a gr-br., dated May 23,
1650, Stuyvesant to ; also recites deed
to Dirck Nes, Aug. 18, 1652; also power of attorney given
to Dirck Van Schelluyne and another, July 27, 1654.
Desc; A ho. and lot on the Great Highway, southwards
of Church-yard; N. of the ho. and lot of H. Steyn; in
front on the street or E. side, 3 r., less i ft.; in the rear,
on the W. side, 3 r.,iyi ft. ; long on both N. and S. sides,
9 r., 4 ft.; according to survey by the Court Messenger.
Deed. Cornells Willemsen d'Beer, agent of Cornells June 2
De Bruyn to Ryndert Jansen Hoorn. (Lib. A, Deeds, N.
Y. Co. : 92.) Recites Power of atty . to Cornells Willemsen
d'Beer, December 20, 1656; also, deed to De Bruyn,
Aug. 31, 1655. Desc: s. a. preceding deed.
Deed. Ryndert Jansen Hoorn to Petrus Stuyvesant.
Not found of record, but recited in deed set forth below.
1672
Deed. Judith Stuyvesant, wid. and relict of Petrus Apl. 12
Stuyvesant, deed, to Peter Simkam. (Lib. B, Deeds, N.
Y. Co.: i88.) Recites deed from R. J. Hoorn, same as
now fenced. Desc: Ho. and lot to the W. of Broadway,
having to the N. the Old Church-yard; and to the S. the
ho. and lot of the widow of Luyckas Dirckse.
The Church-Yard. (The Old Burying-Ground.)
It was called the "Old Church Yard" in April, 1649,
although there was no other church-yard in New
Netherland at that date. (Pats. Alb., II: 20.)
It was finally disposed of by the City June I, 1687.
(Lib. A, Comptroller's Office: 31.)
(See for further history Key to Castello Plan, Vol. II.)
This gr-br. was probably to William Fredericksen. Jansen's gr-br.
on the S. side (lupra) recites William Fredericksen as a N. neighbor
in Mch. 1651; by 1656, the land of Dirck Jansen (Nes?) is recited
on the N. side.
LOT II
1654
Gr-br. to Jan Swaen. (HH-2: 20.) Desc: A lot on Oct. 23
the Island of Manhattan in rear of the lot of Dirck Nes
and the lot of Frederick Jansen, extending on the N.
along the lot of Do. Drisius and on the S. along the lot of
Jan Huygen; is in br. on E. and W., 6 r.; in length on N.
and S., 4 r.
1655
Deed. Jan Swaen to Hans Steyn. (Original in library Aug. 28
of J. Pierpont Morgan, Esq.) Desc: A cert, strip of lot
for a passage, 4 ft. in regular width from end to end, of
the length of the seller's lot along the S. side of the lot of
Mother Pietersen, wid. of the late Jan Huygen, situated
in the rear of the lot of Dirck Nes and the lot of Frederick
Jansen within this city, to the S. of the afsd. Hans
Steyn's dwelling and premises. And this by authority
and in accordance with gr-br. dated Oct. 23, 1654.
1657
Deed. Jan Swaen to Luycas Dircksen Vanderburgh. Mch. I
(Original in library of J. Pierpont Morgan, Esq.) Desc:
Cert. ho. and lot situated in this city behind the premises
of Dirck Nes and the premises of Frederick Jansen, ex- '
tending on the N. side of Rev. Drisius's premises and on
the S. side of Jan Huygen's premises, being wide, on the
E. side, 6 r. and on the W. side wide 6 r. ; in length on the
S. side, 4 r. and on the N. side, 4 r.
1 668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Lucas Dircks. (Pats. Alb., Apl. I
III: 8.) Recites deed, John Swaen to Dircks, i Mch.,
1657. Desc: s. a. gr-br. recited above.
362
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
12
LOT
1654
July 2 Gr-br. to Rev. Samuel Drisius. (HH-2: 17.) Desc:
A piece of land on the Island of Manhattan, on W. of the
common Wagon Road, in the rear of the burying-ground;
is in length on E., 12 r., 2 ft.; on W., 12 t., 3^2 ft.; in bt.
on N. side, 6 r., 3X ft.; on S. side, 6 r.
1668
May 15 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Do. Drisius. (Pats. Alb.
Ill: 37.) Desc: For lott W. side Broad waggon-way,
behind the Church-yard, cont'g in length on the E. side,
12 r., 2 ft.; on the W. side, 12 r., 3^2 ft.; in br. on S.side,
6 r. and on the N. side, 6 r., 3"^ ft. Recites gr-br. set
forth above.
LOT 13
1660
Oct. 13 Deed. Nicasius de Sille and Hendrick Jansen Van der
Vin, Church Wardens of this City, to Louwerens Andries-
sen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 217.) Desc: Lot W.
of Heere Straat, bounded S., Churchyard, 15 r., 3 ft.;
W., Shore North River, 43 ft.; N. by ho. and lot of P.
Leenders Vander Grift; 15 r., 5 ft.; E. by St. afsd., 43
ft. Recites measured by J. Cortelyou, September 9,
1660.
Note: This is a strip 43 Dutch ft. (39 ft., 5 ins.
English) in width, taken from the N. end of the Church
Yard, reducing it to a width of 150 English ft., more or
less. The Map shows the Church Yard fenced of the
original width.
LOT 14
1649
May 14 Gr-br. to Paulus Leendersen Van Der Grift. Not
found of record. Recited in instruments set forth below.
1667
June 1 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Paulus Leenders Van Der
Grift. (Pats. Alb. II: 73.) Recites gr-br. from Stuyve-
sant, of May 14, 1649. Desc: W. side of Great Broad-
way to N. of Churchyard and to S. of Hendrick van
Dyck's; striking in br. alongst said Broadway, Syi r. and
towards the Strand side, 7 r.; in length, 14 r.; and there
being likewise an addition of ground granted May 11,
1654, by said Dutch Governor unto said Van der Grift,
of I r., 7 ft. in length on the S. side of said lot, next to the
said Churchyard, and on the N. side next to Hendrick
van Dyck's, of i r., 6 ft.
This following conf. endorsed on the foregoing pat.:
Whereas, the late Dutch Governor did grant unto said
Paulus afsd. over and above what is mentioned in the
within written pat., a cert, lot lying behind his other lot,
cont'g on the N. side, 84 ft.; on the W. side, 97 ft.; on
the S. side, 85 ft.; and on the E. side, 90 ft. as by the
endorsement, on the additional gr-br., bearing date the
1 2th of December, 1657, doth appear; and do hereby
likewise ratify and confirm, etc.
LOT 15
1649
May 4 Gr-br. to Hendrick Van Dyck. Not found of record.
Recited in confirmation set forth below.
1667
July 22 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Hendrick Van Dyck. (Pats.
Alb. II: 79.) Recites gr-br. Stuyvesant to Van Dyck,
May 4, 1649. Desc: Lot and garden W. side of Great
Broadway, to the N. of Paulus Leenderts Van der Grift
and to the S. of the Orchard heretofore belonging to the
West India Company; striking in br. alongst the said
Broadway, 6>< r.; towards the Strand side, 7 r.; in
length, 14 r. And there being likewise an additional
grant from Stuyvesant to Van Dyck, May 11, 1654,
having in length on the S. side next to Paulus Leenders,
I r., 6 ft. and on the N. side, i r., 5 ft., and whereas there July 22
was also on the 12th of December, 1657, another ad-
ditional grant endorsed and made to Van Dyck, of a lot
lying behind his former lot, cont'g on the S. side, 84 ft.,
W. side 97 ft.; N. side, 79 ft. and E. side, 90 ft.; which is
also confirmed, etc.
LOT 16
. , ,. '.^49
Gr-br. to Nicholas William Stuyvesant. (GG: 224.) July 20
Desc: A cert, lot for a ho. and garden lying in the city
of New Amsterdam W. of the great public road; bounded
on S. by Hendrick Van Dyck and N. by Balta Lasar
Stuyvesant; extending along the said public road in br.
7^ Rhinish r. ; in length of both sides, 20 r. ; in the rear
on the W. side on the North river, its br. is 7K Rhinish r.*
•This plot W.1S re-grantcd by Director-General and Council to the
Burgomasters, May Q, 1656. Nicholas William Stuyvesant was b.
1648 and was therefore not more than a year old at the date of
the grant.
1656
Deed. Oloff Stevenson Van Cortlandt, Burgomaster, Aug. 25
to Allard Anthony. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 68.)
Recites deed Director-General Stuyvesant May 9, 1656,
to the Burgomasters. Desc: Lot W. of the Great
Highway, bounded S. side by ho. and lot of Hendrick
Van Dyck, 20 r.; N. side by F. de Koninck, 20>^ r.; E.
in front on street, 3 rods, 2 ft.; W. in rear on North river,
3 r., ■},% ft. Being p. o. above recited gr-br.
1667
Conf. Governor Nichols to Allard Anthony. (Pats. Dec. 6
Alb., II: 145.) Confirms s. a. instrument foregoing and
"an additional piece, in br. before described towards the
Strand of the North river in like manner as was hereto-
fore granted by the Dutch Governor unto Hendrick
Van Dyck and Paulus Leenderts for their lots adjoining."
1656
Deed. Allard Anthony and Oloff Stevensen Van Aug. 25
Cortlandt, Burgomasters, to Frederickus De Kooninck.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 65.) Recites deed by Director-
General Stuyvesant to the Burgomasters, May 9, 1656.
Desc: Lot W. of Great Highway, bounded E. side by the
street, 3 r., 2 ft.; S. side by A. Anthony's lot, zoj/i r.;
W. side by the North river, 3 r., 31/s ft-; N. side by lot of
Warnaer Wessells. Being remaining portion of fore-
going gr-br.
Deed. Frederick de Kooninck to Allard Anthony.
Not found of record, but recited below.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Allard Anthony. (Pats. Dec 6
Alb., II: 144.) Recites deed Aug. 25, 1656, Burgo-
masters to Frederick de Coninck and later deed from De
Coninck to Anthony for valuable consideration.
1656
Deed. Allard Anthony and Oloff Stevenson, as Burgo- Aug. 25
masters to Warnaer Wessels. (Lib. A, Deeds N. Y. Co.:
66.) Recites deed of Director-General to parties of the
first part. May 9, 1656. Desc: Lot W. of the Great
Highway; N. by lot of Stevensen, 21 r., i ft.; S. by lot of
Coninck, 20 r., 8 ft.; E. in front, 3 r., 2 ft.; W., in rear, 3
r., 3 "A ft.
1657
Deed. Warnaer Wessells to Jan De Jongh. (Lib. A, Nov. 14
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: no.) Recites deed Burgomasters to
Wessells, Aug. 25, 1656, conveying same premises, but
reciting P. C. Van der Veen on the N. side.
1661
Deed. Jan Jansen De Jongh to Jacobus Backer. (Lib. May 30
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 231.) Recites deed Nov. 14, 1657
and public sale, Dec. 28, 1660. Desc: Lot W. of Heere
Straet, bounded S. by garden of A. Anthony, 20 r., 8 ft.;
W. by Strand of North river, 3 r., 3 1/5 ft.; N.by garden of
P. P. Schuyler, 21 r., I ft.; S. by street afsd. in front, 3 r.,
2 ft.
THE DUTCH GRANTS
363
1667
June 29 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jacobus Backer. (Pats.
Alb. II: 62.) Recites Deed de Jongh to Backer, May 30,
1661 (supra) and confirms same premises.
LOT 17
1649
July 20 Gr-br. to Balta-Lazar Stuyvesant. (GG: 223.) Desc:
A lot for a ho. and garden, lying in the City of New
Amsterdam, W. of the great public road, bounded on the
S. by Nicolas William Stuyvesant, extending in front on
the public road from N. of the garden of the noble Com-
pany; its br. is JjA Rhinish r., and on each side the length
is 20 r.; in the rear on the North river the b. is jyi r.*
•This plot was re-granted by Director-General and Council to the
Burgomasters, May 9, 1656. Balthazar Stuyvesant was born 1647
and was therefore an infant of about two years at the date of
the grant.
1656
Aug. 25 Deed. AUard Anthony, Burgomaster, to Oloff Steven-
sen Van Cortlandt. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 69.)
Recites P. Stuyvesant to Burgomasters, May 9, 1656.
Desc: Lot W. of Great Highway, bet. lots of Warner
Wessels on S. and P. C. Van der Veen on N.; E. in front,
3 r., 2 ft.; W., in rear, 3 r., 3 1/3 ft.; S. by Wessels, 21 r.,
I ft.; N. by Van der Veen, 2lj^ r.
1657
Mch. 28 Deed. Oloff Stevensen Van Cortlandt to Pieter Cor-
nelissen Van der Veen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 85.)
Desc: s. a. preceding instrument.
1656
Aug. 25 Deed. AUard Anthony and Oloff Stevensen Van
Cortlandt, Burgomasters, to Pieter Cornelissen Van der
Veen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 67.) Desc: W. of the
Great Highway; N. by Company's Garden, 21 r., 8 ft.;
S. by lot of Oloff Stevensen, 2i>i r.; E. by Street, in front,
3 r., 2 ft.; W. in rear by North river, 3 r., 3'/s ft-
. '659
May I Deed. Pieter Cornelissen Van der Veen to Philip
Pietersen (Schuyler). (Lib. A, Deeds,_N. Y. Co.: 158.)
Desc: lot W. of Heere Straet; S. by lot'of J. J. De Jongh,
^2]/i r., I ft.; W. by Strand of North river, 6 r., 62/5 ft,;
N. by Garden of West India Company, 42^ r., 8 ft.; E.
by street afsd., 6 r., 4 ft.*
*In this instrument, as two lots were conveyed the length as well
as the breadth was doubled by mistake of the conveyancer, and
therefore "42M rods" should read "21 'i' rods."
1667
Apl. 24 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Philip Pietersen Schuyler.
(Pats. Alb., II: 19.) Conf. s. a. above.
The Garden of The West India Company
The Company's Garden, which originally included the
two Stuyvesant grants (Lots 16 and 17), is first men-
tioned in a lease from Governor Kieft to Jan Jansen
Damen, April 19, 1638, set forth in history of Lot 18,
below.
1674
May 22 Patent. Governor Colve to William Van Vredenbergh
(Hist. MSS., XXIII: 433-24.) Desc: A cert, lot marked
No. I, situated within this City W. of Broadway in the
Garden of the West India Company, bet. the lots of
Gerrit Janse Roos and the garden of Stephanus van
Cortlandt; br. in front on the St., 2 r. ; also in the rear on
the W. side, 2 r., i ft., timber measure; long on each side
12 r., I in., like timber measure.
May 22 Patent. Governor Colve to Gerrit Janse Roos. (Hist.
MSS., XXIII: 433-23.) Desc: A cert, lot marked No. 2
situate within this City, W. of the Broadway, in the
Garden of the West India Company, bet. the lots of
William Van Vredenbergh and Peter Stoutenbergh, in
front on the St., 2 r., i timber ft., 7 ins.; also, in the rear,
on the W. side, 2 r., 3 ft., 7 ins., timber measure; long on
each side, t . . . r., i in., like measure.
Patent. Governor Colve to Peter Stoutenbergh. May 22
(Htst. MSS., XXIII: 433-22.) Desc: A cert, lot
marked No. 3 situate in this City, W. of the Broadway
in the Garden heretofore belonging to the West India
Company, bet. the lots of Gerrit Janse Roos and George
Cobbet; br. in front on the St., 2 r., 3 ft.; also in the rear,
at the W. side . . . three ... 8 ins., timber measure;
long on each side, 12 r., i in., like measure.
Patent. Governor Colve to George Cobbet. (Hist. May 22
;1/SS.,XXni: 433-25.) Desc: A cert. Irjt marked No. 4
in this City, W. of Broadway in the Garden of the West
India Company bet. the lot of Peter Stoutenbergh and
the Lutheran Congregation, br. in front on the St., 2 r.;
also in the rear, on the W. side, 2 r., i ft., timber measure;
long on both sides, 12 r., i in., like measure.
Patent. Governor Colve to the Lutheran Congrega- May 22
tion. (//w/. A/SS., XXIII: 433-26.) Desc: A cert, lot
marked No. 5 in this City, W. of the Broadway in the
Garden of the West India Company, bet, the lot of
George Cobbet and the Cingel or City Wall; br, in front,
on the st,, as well as on the W. side, 4 r., timber measure;
long on each side, 4 r., like measure.
LOT 18
1638
Lease. Governor Kieft to Jan Jansen Damen. (Cal. Apl. 19
Hisl. MSS., Dutch: i.*) Desc: A tract of Land, situ-
ated to the North of the Company's Garden, and to the
South of the said Jan Damen, extending from the road
to the river. For a term of six years.
•Corrected translation by Mr. A. J. F. Van Laer, given in Bibliog-
raphy BuUitin, No. 46. N. Y. Slate Educ. Drpl.
1645
Gr-br, to Cornells Groesens, Not found of record, Jan. 10
but recited in deed set forth below:
1649
Deed. Cornelis Groesens to Lubbertus Van Dinck- Apl. 29
lagen. (Dutch MSS., Ill: 33.) Desc: Lot of land
bounded E. by the Great Highway, $}4 acres. Recites
gr-br. to Groesens, Jan. 10, 1645, for piece of land
bounded E'ly by the Great Highway, W'ly by the shore
of the North river, adjoining S'ly the Company's
Garden, and N'ly on the land of Jan Damen; extending
in br. along the Highway, 25 r., 8 ft.; along Jan Damen's
land, on the N. side to the Strand, 38 r.; along the
Strand or on the W., 26 r. ; in the br., along the Hon'ble
Company's Garden, or on the S. side, 30 r. or there-
abouts, amtg. altogether to 880 r., 6 ft.
1652
Dirck Van Schelluyne, as agent for Lubbertus Van ,Apl. 2
Dincklagen, to Isaac Greveraet. (Dutch MSS., Ill:
106,) Desc: Adjoining on N. the Cross St.; on S.,
Claes Hendryx, carpenter; on the W., Mr. Dincklagen;
cont'g in length, 7 7/12 r,; and br, in front on the Main
street, 4 r., 7 ft,
1652
Deed, Dirck Van Schelluyne, agent for Lubbertus Apl, 2
Van Dincklagen, to Claes Hendricksen, (Dutch MSS.,
Ill: 105.) Desc: W. side Great Highway, adjoining
on N. Isaac Greveraet and on S., Jan Schr\'ver; br., 4
r., 7/10; long 7 r., 7/10.
Deed, Claes Hendricksen to Christian Barentsen. Feb, 17
Not found of record, but recited
Pluvier (Lib, A, Deeds, N. Y. Co,
Deed, Lubbertus Van Dincklage to Christian Ba- Julj' 30
rents, (Lib. .A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 90.) Desc: A lot
situate on the W. side of The Wall on The Highway
(Heerewegh), according to the survey of Jacques Cor-
telyou made May 26, 1657, as follows: In width on the
N. side, 8 r., 7 ft., 7 ins.; on S. side, 7 r., 7 ft., 9 ins.;
long on the E. side, 12 r., 6 ft., 7 ins.; on the W. side,
Christian Barentsen.
in deed Barentsen to
: 113) set forth below.
364
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
July 30 like length and that by virtue of deed given by Col'ns
Groesen dated Mch. 20, 1655 to the appearer, &c.*
•Should refer to the deed dated Apl. 29, 1649 (supra).
1657
Nov. 17 Deed. Chiistian Barentsen to Cornells Pluvier.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 113.) Desc: His cert. ho.
and lot on W. side Broad Highway, which afsd. ho. and
lot fenced, improved and bounded he transfers to the
above-named Cornelius Pluvier by the executing hereof:
as they stand and are situate on the W. side of the
Broad Highway, bounded on the E. and N. sides by
the same Highway and this City's walls, W'ly by Do.
Drisius and S'ly by the ho. and lot of Jacobus Vis and
the Hon. Company's Garden, and according to the bill
of survey dated 26th May, 1657 made by Jacques Cor-
telyou, the sworn surveyor, is found to be br. on the E.
side, 3 r., 4 ft., 5 ins.; long on the N. side, 7 r., J ft.; the
S. side the same length; the W. side br. 8 r., 6 ft., on
which br. the length on the N. side, which is the Wall,
is 8 r., I ft., 7 ins.; the S. side, 7 r., 7 ft., 9 ins., being
further wide in the rear, the W. side, 8 r., i ft.; all free,
&c. according to a bill of sale 18 May, 1657, from Dirck
Van Schelluyne, Notary, &c.
1652
Apl. 2 Deed. Dirck Van Schelluyne, agent of Lubbertus
Van Dincklagen, to Jan Schryver, Master Tailor.
{Dutch MSS., HI: 105.) Desc: For a lot situate on
the W. side of the Great Highway, cont'g in length
7 7/12 r.; br. in front on the Main street, 4 r., 7 ins.;
being part of land conveyed to him, Dincklagen, on
29th of April, 1649 by Cornells Groesens.
1657
Aug. 22 Deed. Hendrick Hendricksen Obe to Jacobus Vis.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N, Y. Co.: 97.) Desc: Ho. and lot
on W. side of the Great Highway about the Landport.
Cont'g according to survey of J. Cortelyou made 30 — ■
(?) br. on St., 4 r., 7 ins.; W. side, 4 r.; on (sic) long, 7 r.,
6 ft., 4 ins. on the same length. By virtue deed Apl.
29, 1649 (j-Mpra). Recites Conveyed to . . . whohath
again conveyed the same to Hendrick Hendricksen Obe.
1664
June 18 Deed. Jacobus Vis to Jan Meindersen. (Lib. B,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 40.) Desc: His cert. ho. and lot W.
of Heere Straat, within this city, bounded N. by ho.
and lot of C. Pluyvier; S. by West India Co.'s Garden.
In fronton E. side, 4 r., 7 ins.; W. side, 4 r.; long N. and
S., 7 r., 6 ft., 4 ins. Recites deed Aug. 22, 1657 (supra).
1652
Apl. 2 Deed. Dirck Van Schelluyne, agent of Lubbertus
Van Dincklagen, to Jacob Swart, Carpenter. (Dutch
MSS., Ill: 107.) Desc: W. side Great Highvpay, cont'g
in length 10 r., in br., 8 r., less yi ft., adjoining on the
N. Hendryck Gerritsen, tailor; on the E., Mr. Dinck-
lager; on the S. the Company's Garden; on the W. the
Strand of the North river.
1654
Nov. 5 Deed. Jacob Hellekers, alias the Black Carpenter to
Samuel Drisius, (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co. : 9.) Desc. :
A cert. ho. and lot on North river, bounded N. by H. Ger-
ritsen, E. by Mr. Dincklagen; S., the Hon'ble Company's
Garden; W. the shore of North river. Length, 10 r.;
br., 8 r., less K ft., fenced and built on by virtue of
deed D. van Schelluyne as atty. of L. van Dincklagen
to Jacob Hellekers,* Apl. 2, 1652. Recites "Hellekers
agrees that if the Hon. Cornells van Tienhoven hath
any claim to above ho. and lot on account of the fugitive
Jan Gerritsen Smith, who inhabited the ho., that he
will satisfy the same."t
•Hellekers is the same person as Swart.
tl6s3. Dec. 1. Cornells van Tienhoven, schout, petition v. Jan
Gerritsen, smith, charged with theft, fugitive from justice, that
"ho. and lot and whatever mav be found tJierein" be sold at public
vendue to highest bidder." (Rec. N. Am,, I: 134.)
1668
Conf Governor NicoUs to D? Samuel Drisius. May 15
(Pats. Alb., Ill: 34.) Recites Dirrick Van Scheluyn
(having procuration from Lubbert van Dincklagen) did,
2 April, 1652, transport to Jacob Swart Timmerman,
lott lying and being by the North River on the W. side
of the Broad Highway, contg. in length 10 r. and in br.
8 r., gyi ft.; having to N. Hendrick Gerrits; to E. the
said Lubbert Dincklagen; to the S. the Orchyard hereto-
fore belonging to the West India Company and to W.
the Strand of the North River; and whereas, Jacob
Hellackers als Swart did, 5 Nov., 1654, transport said
lot with ho. thereupon, together with rights, &c unto
Domine Drisius, NOW, &c.
1652
Deed. Dirck Van Schelluyne, agent of Lubbertus Apl. 2
van Dincklagen, to Hendrick Gerritsen, Tailor. (Dutch
MSS., Ill: 107.) Desc: W. side of the Great Highway,
on the Cross st. leading from the Great Highway to the
Strand of the North river, adjoining N. said Cross St.;
E., Mr. Dicklagen; S., Jacob Swart; in the length, 10 r.,
in the br., 4 r., 7 ins.
.1653
Deed. Hendrick Gerritse to Jacob Strycker. (HH: Feb. II
10.) Desc: A lot along the W. side of the Great High-
way on the Manhattans, in the Cross St. extending from
the Great Highway to the beach of the North river;
bounded N. by the said Cross St.; E. by Mr. Dincklagen;
S. by Jacob Swart; in length, 6 r., 8>^ ft.; in br., 4r., 7 ins.
1664 - "
Deed. Jacob Strycker to Burgomasters and Schepens July 4
of Amsterdam in New Netherlands for the behoof of
the City. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 41.) Recites
deed Feb. 11, 1653 from Hendrick Gerritsen. Desc:
Said lot is situate W. of the Heere Straat, bounding
according to the afsd. deed on the E., Dincklagen, S.,
Jacob Swart, W., a certain oblique St.; in the length,
6 r., 8K ft.; br., 4 r., 7 ins.
Deed. Hendrick Gerritsen, Tailor to Auke Jans, Jan. 12
Carpenter. (Dutch MSS., Ill: 108.) Desc: For a ho.
and lot on the W. side of the Great Highway, cont'g in
br., 4 r., in the length, 3 r., lyi ft., being part of his
deed from Mr. Dincklagen.
1653
Deed. Auke Janse, Carpenter, to Hendrick Hend- May 2
ricksen, of Middleborch. (HH: 30.) Desc: A lot with
a dwelling ho. on the W. side of the Great Highway on
Manhattan Island, cont'g by survey therof made by
Claes van Elslant, being in br. 4 r. and in length 3 r.
and iH ft.
1653. July 14. Auken Jansen v. Hendrick Hendricksen, the
drummer. In regard to balance of purchase money on ho. and lot,
deft, demands delivery of a proper deed. PItf. says he gave a deed
dated May 2d, which deft, apparently denies and also claims "the
wall of the city diminishes the lot." It is called a "cert, lot through
which the city wall is made." Hendricksen ordered to pay balance
and Jansen to deliver "the deed and letters of ownership." (,Rj;c.
N. Am., I: 86, 89, 97, loi, 112.)
1661. Feb. 15. In Court of Burgomasters and Schepens, Hendrick
Hendricksen v. Symon Hermsen Cort. PIff. demands "that he may
resume the lot, which he sold the deft, as he cannot obtain any pay-
ment therefore." Granted. {R^c. N. Am., Ill: 267.)
1652
Deed. Dirck van Schelluyne, Agent of Lubbertus Apl. 2
van Dincklagen, to Dirck van Schelluyne. (Dutch
MSS., Ill: 108.) Desc: W. side Great Highway, in
the length, 10 r.; in br., along the highway, 12 r., less
^ twelfth; adjoining on N. heirs of Jan Damen; on the
S., the Cross St.; on the W., Mr. Dincklagen.
1654
Deed. Dirck van Schelluyne to Jan Pietersen Ver Apl. 12
brugge. (Dutch MSS.,1U: 112.) Desc: W. side Great
Highway; length, 10 r., less }4 twelfth part, adjoining
on the N., Damen; on the S., Cross St.; on the W., Mr.
THE DUTCH GRANTS
36s
Apl. 12 Dincklagen; in virtue of a deed dated Apl. 21 {sic),
1652.
BLOCK B
LOT I
1643
July 13 Gr-br. to Cornelis Volckersen. (GG: 83.) Desc: A
double lot for two hos. and two gardens, lying on the
Common Highway, its br. along said road is 9 r. and 8 ft.,
and below on the marsh of the same br.; its length on the
N. side is 18 r., 2 ft., 5 ins. and 6 gr. and on the S. side
of the same length, amtg. to 187 r., 8 ft. and 5 ins.
1655
Apl. 29 Deed. Jan Peeck to Evert Pels. (Lib. A, Deeds, N.
Y. Co.: 17.) Recites gr-br. to C. Volckertsen, July 13,
1643, whose surviving wid. married Jan Peeck. Desc:
E. side Great Highway, bet. lots belonging on N. side to
Director General P. Stuyvesant; S. side to C. Hendricks;
br. in front of road or W. side, 2},^ r., >2 ft. or 33 running
ft.; in rear on E. side, like br.; long on both N. and S.
sides, same as other lots, according to gr-br., 18 r., 2 ft.,
5 ins. and 6 pepper-corns.
1656
Oct. 25 Deed. Evert Pels to Augustyn Heermans. (Lib. A,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 76.) Recites s. a. Jan Peeck to Pels,
Apl. 29, 1655. Desc: Ho. and lot on E. side Great
Highway, bet. lots on N. side of P. Stuyvesant and S.
side the old house of P. P. Schuyler, through which a
street is laid out.
1662
Sep. 17 Deed. Augustine Heermans to Hendrick Hendricksen
Kip the Younger. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 280.) Re-
cites according to gr-br. and deed Oct. 25, 1656. Desc:
Ho. and lot E. of Heere Straet; bounded N. by P.
Stuyvesant; E. Prince Graght; S. Heere Dwars Straet.
W. Heere Straet, 2/4 r., }4 ft. or 33 running feet; in rear,
E. side like br.; long N. and S. same as other lots, 18 r.,
2 ft., 5 ins., according to gr-br.
Note: This deed conveyed more land than Heer-
mans had acquired from Pels. The additional lot bet.
the grant line and Broad Street was undoubtedly
bought by Heermans from the Burgomasters but the
deed is not found of record.
On June 4, 1668, Heermans conveys again to Kip,
through his attorney, Nicholas Bayard, the E'ly portion
of the lot.
1668
June 4 Deed. Nicholas Bayard, atty. of Augustine Heermans
to Hendrick Hendricksen Kip, Jr. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y.
Co.: 147.) Desc: "On Sept. 17, 1662, A. Heermans did
convey to Hendrick Hendricksen Kip, a ho. and lot lying
in this city on the Heerwegh, in length and br. according
to the deed recorded in the city on the date afsd. Now,
the said Heermans conveys to said Kip also a cert, other
lot on the E. side of the first-mentioned lot, in length
both sides 8 r., i ft. and in br. equal to said lot, 2^ r. and
J4 of a ft. both front and rear."
Aug. 10 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Hendrick Kip. (Pats. Alb.,
Ill: 82.) Confirms both above recited deeds.
LOT 2
1644
May 24 Gr-br. to PhiHp Geraerdy. (GG: 93.) Desc: A lot
for two hos. and gardens lying on the Public Highway,
N. of the lot of Cornelis Volckertsen. It extends along
the said public road 8 r. and 6 ft.; on the N. side its
length is 17 r.; in the rear its br. is 8 r.; on the S. side its
length is 18 r., 2 ft., 5 ins. and 6 gr. Amtg. in all to 146
r., I ft. and 4 ins.
Deed. Philip Geraerdy to Teunis Nyssen.
Deed. Teunis Nyssen to Petrus Stuyvesant.
Neither of the above instruments found of record, but
recited in confirmation below.
1660
Deed. Petrus Stuyvesant Director-General of New Sep. 20
Netherland to Jan Jacobz. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.:
216.) Desc: 2 lots E. of Heere Straat, bounded N. by
ho. and lot of P. Schaafbanck, Court Messenger no ft.;
E. by P. Stuyvesant, 50 ft.; S. by same, no ft.; W. by
street afsd., 50 ft.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Petrus Stuyvesant. (Pats. Nov. 6
Alb. II: 138.) Recites gr-br. to Philip Geraerdy, May
24, 1644 (supra). Further recites that said gr-br. was
transported by said Geraerdy to Teunis Nyssen and was
by Nyssen transported to Stuyvesant.
LOT 3
1647
Gr-br. to Teunis Nyssen. (GG: 203.) A cert. lot Mch. 28
lying on the Island of Manhattan, formerly derived from
"Long Tryn" (Tall Catharine), extending W. from the
public wagon road, S. of the afsd. Teunis Nyssen, N. of
the lot of Leendert Aertsen and E. of the Company's
land. Its br. on the W. side is 5 r. 8 ft.; its br. on the E.
side is 5 r., 8 ft.; its length on the S. side is 18 r., 5^ ft.;
its length on the N. side is 18 r. $}4 ft.
Note. The foregoing description should read:
"Bounded W. by the public wagon road, S. by the afsd.
Teunis Nyssen; N. by the lot of Leendert Aertsen; E. by
the Company's land," etc.
1649
Deed. Teunis Nyssen to Govert Loockermans. May 13
(Dutch MSS., Ill: 35.) Desc: A lot of land E. of the
Great Highway, opposite the Company's garden, ac-
cording to the ground-brief to Teunis Nyssen, on the
28th Mch., 1647.
By 1655, this plot was owned by Pieter Schaafbank,
the Court Messenger. According to a recital in Original
Book of N. Y. Deeds, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1913,
p. 35, Schaafbank (or Schaerbanck) received a deed for
this property from Teunis Cray, which was dated Mch.
2, 1656. No connection is traced between Loockermans
and Cray. (Cf. Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 12, 14, 216;
Rec.N.Am.,Vl\: 11.)
LOT 4
1645
Gr-br. to Leendert Aerden. (GG: 103.) Desc: A lot Sep. 22
for a ho. and garden lying S. of the lot of Aert (Aaron)
Teunissen, on the Common Highway; its br. along the
said road is 4 r., 8 ft.; its length on the S. side is 17 r.;
in the rear on the E. side its br. is 5 r.; its length on the
N. side or next to Aert Teunissen is 17 r.; amtg. in all
together to 84 r., I ft., 4 ins.
1646
Deed (?) Leendert Arenden to Teunis Nyssen. (Dutch Dec. I
MSS., Ill: 152.) (Note: Apparently a mortgage.)
Desc: Opposite Company's garden on the Great High-
way. "According to the gr-br. dated Sept. 22, 1645."
165 1
Deed. Leendert Aerden to Lubbertus Van Dincklagen. Mch. 30
Not found of record but recited in Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y.
Co.: 12, 14.
1655
Deed. Lubbertus Van Dmcklagen to Cornelis Groe- Mch. 20
sens. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 12.) Desc: E. side
Great Highway, bet. lots on S. side of P. Schabanck and
on N. side lot of P. Koek. Recites s. a. gr-br. above.
Recites: "Extract sealed with City Seal Apl. 3, 1655."
Bill of sale. Cornelis Groesens to Joseph and Re-
solved Waldron. (Duuh MSS., Ill: 130.) Desc: Ho.
and lot on the E. side of the common highway, S. of
Aert Teunissen's lot; is br. along the Highway, 4 r., 8 ft.;
366
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Apl. 3 along on the S. side, 17 r.; br. in the rear or on the E. side,
5 r. and long on the N. side, 17 r.; amtg. altogether to
84 r., I ft., 4 ins.
Apl. 28 Deed. Cornells Groesens to Joseph and Resolved
Waldron, brothers. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 14.)
Desc. : s. a. preceding instrument.
1662
May 8 Deed. Joseph and Resolved Waldron to Deaconry of
City of New Amsterdam. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.:
263.) Recites measured by Jacques Cortelyou, May 4,
1662; deed April 28, 1655. Desc: Ho. and lot E. of
Heere Straat, bounded N. by ho. and lot of D. Sieckers,
71 ft., 5 ins.; E. by Do. Drisius; S. by ho. and lot of J.
Waldron, 71 ft., 5 ins.; W. Street afsd., 36 ft.; br. 39 ft.
8 ins., again one side and other long, 1 1 r., 7 ft. ; br. there,
40 ft.
1668
Feb. 25 Conf. Governor Nicolls to The Deacons. (Pats. Alb.,
II: 175.) Recites transport Resolved and Joseph Waldron
to the Deacons "then in office in this place," May 8,
1662. Desc: s.a. in deed May 8, 1662.
The remainder of the Waldron plot was confirmed to
the wid. of Joseph Waldron as follows:
July 18 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Anneke Daniels. (Pats.
Alb., Ill: I.) Desc; A cert, lot of ground ho. and
garden in this City. Said lot of ground on Broad High-
way, having to N. the lots belonging to the Deacons and
to the S. the lot of Pieter Schaafbanck. Is long on the
Highway 23K ft. and behind over against Do. Drisius, 26
ft.; in length 240 ft.; recites gr-br. to Leendert Arenden
dated Sept. 22, 1645; transport to Lubbert van Dinckla-
gen, Mch. 30, 1651; transport by him to Cornelis Groe-
sens, Mch. 20, 1655 and his right having been since pur-
chased by Joseph Waldron "from persons empowered to
dispose of the same." Now, the said Joseph Waldron
being deceased, confirmation is to his wid. above-named
Anneke.
LOT 5
Prior to 1643
Gr-br. to Aert Teunissen. Not found of record.
Note: Aert Teunissen was killed by Indians in 1643.
His wid. m. Sybout Claessen.
1646
June 5 Gr-br. to Sybout Claessen, who has m. the wid. of Aert
Teunissen. (GG: 148.) Desc: A cert, lot for a ho. and
garden, lying along the Public Road (Broadway) near to
the garden of Jan Damen, extending in the br. along the
said road 5 r., S ft. and in the length till to the post-and-
rail fence of said Jan Damen and behind along the post-
and-rail fence in br. 5 r., 5 ft.
1649
Aug. 13 Deed. Sybolt Claesen to Pieter Cock. (Dutch MSS.,
Ill: 52.) Desc: A lot on the Highway near the garden
of Jan Damen, by virtue of a gr-br. of June 5, 1646.
1654
May 20 Deed. Pieter Kock to Jacob Steendam. Not found of
record. Recited in Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 45.
1657
May 8 Deed. Jacob Steendam to Harmen Smeeman. Not
found of record but recited in a mtge. of same date.
(Mtges., 1654-1660, trans, by O'Callaghan: 59, in City
Clerk's Library.)
Mch. 15 Harmen Smeeman requests grant of "an ungranted
lot about 70ft. wide and Soft, deep, lies behind his ho.
in this City, as lots are granted to others." Granted.
{Rec. N. .-/ffl., VII: 146-7.)
Prior to 1659
Feb. 19 Deed. Harmen Smeeman to Dirck Siecken. (Deed
recorded Oct. 23, 1671, Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 187;
Cf. Min. Orph. Court, I: 70.)
1656
Deed. Jacob Steendam to Leendert Aerden. (Lib. A, May 27
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 45.) Recites sale "according to the
sale made at public auction to Frederic Gysbertsen and
that in virtue of the deed granted to him, the appearer,
dated May 20, 1654, by Pieter Kock at the Secretary's
Office of the Director-General and Council of New
Netherland which afsd. lot he, the appearer, Jacob
Steendam, with the consent of the afsd. Frederic
Gysbertsen, cedes and conveys unto" Aerden. Desc:
A cert, part of his lot on E. side Great Highway, S. of ho.
and lot of Johannes Nevius and N. of ho. of H. Smeeman,
br. in front on street or W. side, 30 ft.; in rear on E. side,
30 ft.; long both N. and S. sides 130 ft.
1668
Conf. Governor! Ncolls to Barent Jacobsen. (Pats. May 15
Alb., Ill: 35.) Recites deed Jacob Steendam to Leendert
Aerden, May 27, 1656 (supra). Now, Leendert Aerden
being deed., and his children all daus. and one dau. being
the wife of Barent Jacobsen, conf. is to the latter.
LOT 6
Note: Johannes Nevius certainly before 1655 (see
deed on N., Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 11) probably as
early as the date of the gr-br. on the N. to Cornelis
Groesens, which is recited to have been on Jan. 10, 1645.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 11.) That deed undoubt-
edly follows the wording of the grant, and it bounds
S. by Johannes Nevius. When Nevius protested that so
much of his lot was cut ofl^ by the survey of 1657 and
demanded five or six hundred guilders compensation,
it seems certain that the Burgomasters bought his plot
and re-sold or granted it to Christian Barentsen in Aug.
of 1657. Barentsen recites that he has a gr-br., and sells
in May, 1658, for 600 guilders and a mortgage of 500
guilders on the ho. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 130;
Rec. N. Am., VII: 158.)
1658
Deed. Christiaen Barents to Hendrick Hendricksen. May 30
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 130.) Refers to a gr-br. Aug.
. , 1657 and deed of sale, Jan. 12, 1658. Desc:
Lot in Heere Wegh by Land Gate; W. side br., which
is the Heere Wegh, 3 r., 8 ft., 4 ins.; N. side long, II r.,
2 ft., 8 ins.; br. on E. side, i r., 6 ft., 4 ins.; long S. side,
II r., I ft., 9 ins.
LOT 7
1661
Two gr-brs. to Jan Pietersen. Neither found of record, Sep. 6
but recited in confirmation set forth below.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jan Pietersen. (Pats. Alb. May 15
III: 34.) (i) Recites gr-br. to Jan Pietersen, Sep. 6,
1661. Desc: Cingel, being to E. above and W. of
Drisius; to S. of fortifications by the water-side* ; toN. of
Joseph Waldron; cont'g in br. on the N. side, 30 ft.; on
the S. side, 29 ft.; on the length on the W. side, 94 ft. and
on the E. side, 87 ft. (2) Recites another gr-br. of same
date to Jan Pietersen; desc: in the Cingel, having to W.
the above, to E. Hendrick de Scuyder; to S. of the
fortification; to N. of Joseph Waldron; cont'g in br. on
the N. side, 30 ft.; on the S. side, 29 ft.; length, on the W.
side, 87 ft. and on the E. side, 82 ft.
Subsequent conveyances recite Drisius as the holder of
the above recited conf. (Lib. 12, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 114,
118; Lib. 23, Deeds: 57; Lib. 28, Deeds: 157.) This is
error. Drisius came into possession of the premises
under consideration, but was not confirmed therein.
The date of the deed from Jan Pietersen to Samuel
Drisius has not been ascertained; but it seems probable
that it was of even date with the above cited conf.
Drisius died seized of the property.
*Mi?take in translation. "Waal" for "Wall."
THE DUTCH GRANTS
367
LOT »
1663
Dec. 8 Gr-br. to Albert Leendertsen. Not found of record,
but recited in confirmation set fortii below.
1667
July 13 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Albert Leendertsen. (Pats.
Alb. II: 72.) Recites gr-br. [supra). Desc: Lot on the
Cingel on the E. side of Jan Pieters and on the W. side
of Do. Samuel Drisius. Cont'g in br. on N. side, 31 ft.;
on S. side, 30 ft.; in length on W. side, 82 ft.; on E. side,
76 ft., 5 ins.
LOT 9
:653
Feb. 24 Gr-br. to Do. Samuel Drisius. Not found of record but
recited in conf. set forth below.
1660
Feb. 14 Deed. Do. Samuel Drisius to Ariaen Huybersen.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 187.) Recites measured by
Cortelyou, Jan. 26, 1660. Gr-br. Feb. 24, 1653 (supra).
Desc: Lot S. of Cingel; bounded E. by ho. and lot of
W. Simsen, 60 ft.; S. by lot of Drisius, 30 ft.; W. by
Drisius, 60 ft.; N. by Cingel, 30 ft.
May 27 Deed. Ariaen Huybertsen to Joris Stevensen. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 194.) Br. and length cited accord-
ing to deed Feb. 14, 1660 {supra). Desc: s. a. preced-
ing instrument.
May 27 Deed. Do. Drisius to Tomas Davidts. (Lib. A, Deeds,
N. Y. Co.: 220.) Recites measured by Cortelyou, May
22, 1660; gr-br. Feb. 24, 1653. Desc: lot W. of Prince
Graght; bounded S. by land of Drisius, 30 ft.; W. by land
of Drisius, 62 ft.; N. by Cingel, 30 ft.; E. by afsd.
Graght, 60 ft.
1668
May 15 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Do. Samuel Drisius. (Pats.
Alb., Ill: 38.) Recites gr-br. of Feb. 24, 1653. Desc:
Piece of ground in Schaape Weytie, to the S. of the land
formerly belonging to Jan Jansen Damen, deed.; cont'g
in br. on W. side, 21 r.; on the E. side behind, 15 r.; in
length on the N. side, 33 r. all amtg. to 585 r.; and of
which said patent or gr-br. there was, upon 27 May,
1660 a transport made of a part unto Teunis Davits.
Confirms Drisius in the remainder of the plot.
LOT ID
Prior to l6;8.
July II Deed. Burgomasters to Pieter Wolfertsen van Cou-
wenhoven (see transcript from Records below).
1658
July II The Burgomasters ordered the treasurer of the city
"to summon Pieter Wolfertsen van Couwenhoven once
again to pay for the lot which he bought from the City,
and if he decline to cite him before Burgomasters."
{Rec. N. Am., VII: 189.)
1664
Nov. Delivery of Deed. Burgomasters to Pieter Wolfertsen
18-28 van Couwenhoven. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 57.)
Desc: Lot W. of Prince Graft; bounded S. by a cert,
street; W. by lot of P. Stuyvesant; N. by lot of S.
Drisius; E. by Graft afsd.; br. in front on Graft or E.
side and rear on W. side, 60 ft.; long S. and N. sides,
100 ft.
LOT II
This lot was in possession of Peter Stuyvesant by
Aug. 10, 1668. (Recitals in Pats. Alb., Ill: 82.)
1655
LOT 12
1645
Jan. 10 Gr-br. to Cornelis Groesens. Not found of record,
but recited in Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 11. A further
"order" was subjoined, Oct. 8, 1646.
Deed. Cornelis Groesens to Lubbertus van Dinclc- Mch.20
lagen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 11.) Recites in
virtue of gr-br. to Groesens Jan. 10, 1645 and further
order subjoined, Oct. 8, 1646. Desc: E. side of the
Great Highway, bet. lot of J. Nevius on S. side and
Sybout Clasen on N. side; is broad, in front, on Highway
5 r. ; long on N. side and S. side, 11 r., 5 ft.; in rear, on
E. side, broad ^yi r., through which the City Wall is at
present built.
BLOCK C
LOT I
164s
Gr-br. to Thomas Sandersen. (GG: 102.) Desc: One Sep. 14
lot for a ho. and garden lying at the W. end of the ditch
and bounded on the S. of the end of the lot of "wylen"
(deceased) Marten Ael, e.\tending before on the S. side
4 r., I ft. and 3 ins.; on the W. side in length, 6 r., 3 ft.;
on the E. side, 6 r., 5 ft. and on the N. side next to the
lot of said Marten Ael, 6 r., and 3 ft.; on this end there is
a projecting point of i r., 2 ft. in length, and i r., 2 ft.,
8 ins. in br., amtg. in all to 34 r., 9 ft. and 2 ins.
1650
Deed. Thomas Sandersen to Jan Jansen Brestee. July 29
Not found of record, but recited in conf set forth below.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jan Jansen Brestee. Re- June 14
cites gr-br. to Thomas Sanderson, dated Sept. 14, 1645
(supra); transport of July 29, 1650 by Sanderson to
Brestee; approval of said transport by the then Governor,
on Sept. 12, following. Desc: Substantially s. a. preced-
ing instrument.
LOT 2
Prior to 164;
In possession of Marten Ael. Recital in GG; 102.
1653
Deed. Adriaen Keyser, Vendue Master for Director- Oct. 15
General and Council to Abraham Pietersen. (HH: 54.)
Desc: Two hos. on the Broadway heretofore purchased
of Abraham Pietersen by Paulus Leendertsen, then
Equipage Master, on behalf of the Company.
1656
Deed. Abraham Pietersen to Peter Stoutenburgh. Feb. 8
Not found of record but recited in Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y.
Co.: 61. Desc: Ho. and lot east of Heere Straet;
bounded N. by ho. and lot of A. P. Molenaer; S. by lot
of J. J. Brestee; in front on st. or W. side, 2 r.; in rear,
on E. side, i r., 9 ft., 2 ins.; long on S. side, 5 r., 4 ft.,
3 ins.; N. side, 6 r., 7 ft., 2 ins.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Abraham Pieters. (Pats. May 15
Alb. Ill: 36.) Recites Adrian Keyser (being authorized
by Governor Stuyvesant) did, October 15, 1653, trans-
port and make over to Abraham Pieters, two cert. hos.
in the Broadway, bet. the hos. and lots of Jan Jansen the
Cooper and Gerritt the Miller. Cont'g in br. before
towards the street, 4 r., 4 ft. and behind towards Adam
Brower's lot, 4 r., 5 ft.; in length on N. side, 7 r. and on S.
side, 5 r., 4 ft. and 3 ins.
LOT 3
1644
Gr-br. to Peter Jansen, from Gorcum. (GG: 99.) Sep. 8
Desc: A lot for a ho. and garden formerly occupied by
Gerrit Douman, lying on the Island of Manhattans, on
the Common Highway, W. of the lot of Hendrick Jansen
Smit, it extends along the said public road, 8 r., 8 ft., 8
ins.; on the N. end, 4 r., S ft., 5 ins.; on the E. side next
368
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Sep. 8 to the lot of Hendrick Jansen, lo r., 2 ft., 4 ins.; on the S.
side, next to the lot of Boy Jansen, 2 r., 9 ft.; amtg. to 35
r., 6 ft., 9 ins. and 2 grs.
1650
Feb. 2 Deed. Jan Jansen Schepmoes to Gerrit FuIKvever.
Not recorded, but recited in conf. set forth below.
(Note: No deed found of record to Schepmoes.)
1667
June 6 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Gerrit FuHweaver. (Pats.
Alb., II: 42.) Recites transport made by Jan Jans
Schepmoes to Gerrit FuHweaver, dated Feb. 2, 1650.
Desc: In the Broad or Highway, abutting on the N. to
the ground then belonging to David Provoost; and on
the S. to ho. and ground of Abraham Pieters Meulinaer.
Cont'g in br. and length all that quantity of ground as in
the gr-br. granted to Pieter Jans Van Gorcum, Sept. 8,
1644. Recites transport by Hendrick Jansen to Gerrit
FuHweaver, dated Oct. 15, 1653. Desc: Another lot in
the broad Highway afsd., cont'g in length on the W. side,
9K r., 6ins.; on the N. side, 6 r., 6>^ ft. together with a
small quantity of land in a corner or hook there adjoin-
ing, of 2 r. and ],'i a r. and yi a ft.
This confirms the whole grant and deed. Part of it
had been conveyed to J. L. Van Lubeck (Lib. A, Deeds,
N. Y. Co.: 35, set forth below); part had been conveyed
to Dirck Bensinck (HH: 58, set forth below). Full-
weaver died seized of the S. one-half only, of his original
plot.
LOT 4
1644
June 13 Gr-br. to Hendrick Jansen Smith. (GG: 98.) Desc:
A lot for a ho. and garden lying at the E. end of Gerrit
Douman and d'boer Jansen,* extending along the lots of
Govert Loockermans and Mr. Allerton, 10 r., 5 ft., 2
ins.; on the E. side, 9 r., 7 ft., i in.; and on the W. side,
9 r., 6 ft., 9 ins.; an inward corner (^een inhoek) on the S.
side, 5 r., 5 ft., 4 gr. To the front of the lot on the W.
side, 2 r., 3 ft., 4 ins.; in front of the lot in length, 8 r.,
2 ft., 5 ins.; amtg. in all to 123 r., 6 ft. and 9 ins.
•Pieter Jansen van Gorcum.
Oct.
1653
15 Deed. Hendrick Jansen Smith to Gerrit Fullewever.
(HH: 53.) Desc: A lot lying on the Great Highway in
length on the W., 9 r., % ft.; on the N., 6 r., 6% ft.; to-
gether with a corner thereby of 2 r., 2}/i ft.; on the S., 6}4
r. and yi ft.
1649
Aug. 2 Deed. Abraham Pietersen, Vendue Master, to
Hendrick Egbertsen. (Dutch MSS., Ill: 46.) Desc:
Lot situated N. E. of the bastion of the fort by virtue of a
gr-br. and bill of sale of Andries Hudde, of June 13, 1644.
Note: The gr-br. of June 13, 1644 was to Hendrick
Jansen Smith, and is wrongly recited as being to Hudde.
Aug. 2 Deed. Hendrick Egbertsen to Dirck Bensinck. {Dutch
MSS., Ill: 46.) Desc: The S'ly one-half of the above
mentioned lot.
LOTS 3 AND 4
1656
Feb. 15 Deed. Gerrit Fullewever to Jacob Leendertsen. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 35.) Desc: E. side Great Highway
abutting on N. side ho. and lot of A. Hoppen; on S. side
Gerrit Fullewever; front on W. side on Highway; br. in
front on street 2 r., 3 ft., 4 ins.; in rear on E. side, 2 r.,
3 ft., 4 ins.; long on N. side by A. Hoppen, 10 r., 6^4 ft.;
S. side, by Fullewever, 10 r., 6J^ ft. according to survey
made by Court Messenger, Feb. 12 inst. and that in
virtue of gr-br. and deed by J. J. Schepmoes to Full-
wever, dated February 2, 1650.
1657
Apl. 14 Deed. Jacob Leendertsen van Lubeck to Pieter Ebell.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 89.) Desc: s. a. preceding Apl. 14
instrument, which is recited.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Pieter EbeU. (Pats. Alb., Feb. 11
II: 160.) Recites Jacob Leenderts van Lubeck trans-
ported and made over to Pieter Ebell, Apl. 14, 1657, by
desc: s. a. preceding instrument.
1653
Deed. Gerrit Fullwever to Dirck Bensinck. (HH: Oct. 15
58.) Desc: A lot on the Broadway bet. the lots of David
Provoost and Gerrit Fullwevers; in front br. 2 r., 7 ft.;
in the rear br. 2 r., 3 ft.; in length on the S. 14 r., 2 ft.;
on the N., 13 r., 9 ft.
Prior to 1656
Deed. Dirck Bensinck to Andries Hoppen. Not June 21
found of record. Recited in conf set forth below.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Children of Andries May 25
Hoppen. (Pats. Alb., Ill: 43.) Recites Gerrit Fullwever
transported to Dirck Bensinck, Oct. 15, 1653, a lot in
Broadway, bet. lot of David Provoost and that of said
Fullwever, cont'g in br. before towards the street, 2 r.,
7 ft. and behind 2 r., 3 ft.; in length on the S. side, 14 r.,
2 ft. and on N. side, 13 r., 9 ft., which said lot was later
sold to Andries Hoppen, who being deed., the conf. is to
Geertien his wid. and their five children: Geertien re-
signing her rights, conf. to children.
LOT 5
164s
Deed. Hendnck Jansen to Adam Brouwer. (Dutch Feb. 21
MSS., II: 141.) Desc: "formerly occupied by Jeuriacn
Roodolff."
1647
Gr-br. to Adam Brouwer. (GG: 167.) Desc: A cert. Feb. 7
lot for a ho. and garden out of the lot of Hendrick
Jansen, on the 2nd day of June, A. D. 1644, laid out by
the surveyor. It extends in front on the road from the E.
end, 9 r., 2 ft., 2 ins. and 7 gr. On the W. side, 6 r. to the
rear of the ho. along a cert, fence; further on as the fence
runs, 2 r., 9 ft., 2 ins.; on the W. side the length to the
rear of the lot, 5 r., 6 ins.; the br. in the rear or on the N.
side, 3 r., 8 ft., i in. and 2 gr.; on the E. side in length
next to the lot of Willem Bredenbent. 9 r., 7 ft., 3 ins.
and I gr.; amtg. in all to 61 r., 5 ft. 8 ins. and 3 gr.*
*AI1 subsequent transactions prove this desc. erroneous. The
actual dimensions and form of the grant are shown on Map.
1656 -
Deed. Adam Brouwer to Dirck Van Schelluyne. Aug. 19
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 69.) Desc: Ho. and lot N.
of begun Graft* bet. lot of Jan the Cooper on W. and E.
Woutersen on E. side; br. in front on St. with free drop
on both sides, i r., 4 ft., 6 ins.; thence E. along division
of lot of H. Jochemsen, equi strait (sic) to rear of garden,
6 r., 9 ft.; thence E. up to fence and division of E.
Woutersen, 3 r., 6 ft., 2 ins., along said division line, N.
up 7 r., and I ft.; thence W. along the division of D.
Bensinck's lot to Gerrit the Miller's lot where Jacob the
Brewer's man has now built, 3 r., 6 ins. along said lot;
S. up 4 r., 3 ft. along corner of Gerrit the Miller's lot
back E. I r., 7 ft. and so fonvard along division of Gerrit
and Abram the Miller's lot unto the rear of Jan the
Cooper's lot; again S., 5 r., 5 ft., 4 ins.; thence agam a
hoeckie running E., i r., 2 ft. and 8 ins.; thence to front
of St., S. 5 r., 6 ft. and l inch; according to survey by
Court Messenger in presence of E. Woutersen and ors.
on Aug. 18 inst.; in virtue of gr-br. by Director-General
to Adam Brouwer, Feb. 7, 1647.
Deed. Dirck Van Schelluyne to Jacobus Vis. (Lib. Aug. 22
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 99.) Desc: s. a. preceding instru-
ment.
•Beaver Graft (now Beaver Street).
THE DUTCH GRANTS
369
1664
June 9 Deed. Jacob Vis to Jan Schryver. (Lib. B, Deeds,
N. Y. Co.:37.) Recites above instrument. Desc.:s. a.
in two preceding instruments.
LOT 6
1645
Sep. 5 Gr-br. to Jan Snediger. (GG: 115.) Desc: One lot
for a ho. and garden bounded on the W. of the lot of
William Bredenbent, with a northern corner touching to
the lot of Hendrick Jansen; it e.\tends next to the ditch
on the S. end of the lot 8 r., 8 ft., 6 ins.; on the E. side
along the lot of William Bredenbent 5 r., 8 ft. and 4 ins.;
on the N. side next to the lot of Aert Willemsen, 7 r., 8
ft., 3 ins.; on the W. side, 6 r., 6 ft., 4 ins., amtg. in all to
54 r., I ft., 3 ins.*
"Remained in Snediger and his heirs until 1667. {Lib. B, Deeds
N. Y. Co.: 130.)
LOT 7
1643
May 19 Deed. Albert Cuyn to Isaac Allerton and Govert
Loockermans. {Dulc'h MSS., II: 57.)
June 2 Gr-br. to Isaac Allerton and Govert Loockermans.
(GG: 62.) Desc: Two lots lying on the E. side of the
great highway on the Island of Manhattans, extending
in br. along the said road 8 r. and 9 ft.; on the N. side of
the lots 18 r., 2 ft. 6 ins. and 8 gr.; on the S. side 9 r., 8
ft., 7 ins. and 3 gr. ; the outpoint (projecting point) being
right-angled I r., 8 ft., 7 ins. and 6 gr. and in a S'ly
course; further to the road, 9 r., 4 ft., 3 ins. and 6gr.;
amtg. in all to the content of 161 r., 9 ft., 2 ins. and 2 gr.
Note: No deed found of record of Allerton's one-half
of above-described plot; but Loockermans conveyed the
whole grant, by two deeds, as follows:
i6s3
Oct. 15 Deed. Govert Loockermans to David Provoost. (HH:
52.) Desc: A ho. and lot on the E. side of the Great
Highway, being just one-half of the ground-brief. (Con-
veyed the S'ly moiety.)
1657
Dec. 20 Deed. Govert Loockermans to Samuel Etsal. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 115.) Ho. lot and garden on E.
side Heere Straat, bounded N. by ho. and lot of A.
Willemsen; E. by lot of C. Ten Eyck; S. by ho. and lot of
M. Gysbert van Imsbroeck. W. by Heere Straat. Re-
cites s. a. gr-br. June 2, 1643, and according to bill of sale
Apl. 26, 1657 by Notary D. van Schelluyne. (Conveyed
the N'ly moiety.)
1663
Sep. 28 Deed. Samuel Etsal to John Blacklets, Jr. (Lib. B,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 24.) Recites deed, Dec. 20, 1657.
Desc: Ho. and lot E. of Heere Straat, bounded N. by ho.
and lot of A. Williamsen's wid.; E. by lot of C. Ten Eyck;
S. ho. and lot of T. Fransen; W. st. afsd.; br. in front on
St. or W. side, 34^2 ft.; E. side, 30 ft., 7 ins.; in length
according to gr-br. June 2, 1643 ; also recites deed of Dec.
20, 1657.
1658
Sep. 4 Deed. Samuel Edsall to Thomas Francen. Not found
of record, but recited in conf. set forth below:
1667
May 18 Conf Governor Nicolls to John Damrill. (Pats. Alb.,
II: 30.) Recites transport Samuel Edsall to Thomas
Francen, Sept. 4, 1658; Francen to Damrill, Mch. 19,
1667. Desc: E. side High Street having to N. Samuel
Edsall; to E. Contact Ten Eyck; to S. Gysbert van
Imburgh and to W. the street; cont'g on the W. side, 24
ft., 5 ins.; on the E. side, 22 ft.; in length on the S. and N.
sides, 18 r.
1660
June 28 Deed. IsaacdeForeest and Jacob Kip, having author-
ity and power from Gysbert Van Imbroecke to Jan
Hendricksen Van Gunst. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: June 28
222.) 2 hos. and lots E. of Heere Straat, bounded N. by
ho. and lot of T. Fransen; E. by lot of R. Reinoutsen,
2 r.; S. by ho. and lot sold by party of the first part to
Ensign Dirck Smith; W. by st. afsd., 2 r., 6 ft., 4 ins.
Measured by J. Cortelyou, Apl. 5, 1659; length according
to gr-br. and according to Bill of Sale Jan. 20, 1659.
Deed Feb. i, 1655 [from David Provoost].
Note: This deed was re-recorded in Lib. A. Deeds,
N.Y. Co.: 176.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jan Hendricks Van Gunst. June 25
(Pats. Alb., II: 54.) Recites transport Isaac de Foreest
and Jacob Kip, having procuration from Gysbert van
Imbroeck, June 28, 1660 unto van Gunst. Desc: E.
side of the High St. abutting to the N. on Thomas
Fransen; to the E. on Reynout Reynoutsen; to the S. on
Gysbert van Imbroeck sold to Dirck Smitt and on the
W. to the aforementioned St. Cont'g in br. on the W.
side, 2 r., 6 ft., 4 ins.; on E. side, 2 r.; in length as on the
gr-br. is set forth.
LOT 8
1643
Gr-br. to Andries Hudde. (GG: 74.) Desc: A lot for July 6
a ho. and garden lying along the Great Highway, extend-
ing in the br. in front on the said road, 5 r.; in length,
18 r. and 5 ins.; the br. in the rear, 5 r. and back to the
said road, 18 r., 5 ins., amtg. to 91 r., 2 ft., 5 ins.
1667
Deed. Isaac Foreest to Weyntie Aartsen.* (Lib. B, Apl. 19
N. Y. Co.: 127.) Desc: Ho. and lot on Heere Wegh,
bet. hos. of I. Greveraet and Mr. Blackleets; in front, to
way, 5 r., rear 5 r.; length both sides, 18 r., 5 ins. Recites
gr-br. to Hudde (supra).
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Weyntien Aartsen. (Pats. June 11
Alb.: 46.) Confirms s. a. above.
•Wid. of Aert Willemsen, who d. before Mcli. 9, 1662, in possession
of land for which deed is here delivered.
LOT 9
1643
Gr-br. to Thomas Sandersen. (GG: 84.) Desc: A July 13
lot for a ho. and garden lying along the Public Highway
on the N. side of the lot of Andries Hudde; its br. in front
along said road is 4 r. and 5 ft.; its length on the N. side
till to the Marsh is 18 r., 2 ft., 5 ins. and 6gr.; its br.
behind along the Marsh is 4 r., 2 ft., sins, and 6gr.;
amtg. to 83 r. and 7 ft.
Gr-br. to Teunis Nysen. (Above land re-granted.) Dec. 5
Not found of record, but recited in deed set forth below.
1656
Deed. Teunis Nysen to Cosyn Gerritsen. (Lib. A, Dec. 13
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 78.) Desc: Lot E. side Great High-
way, bet. lots of I. Foreest and Cosyn Gerritsen; br.
front on St. 4 r., 2 ft. and in rear on E. side, 4 r. ; long on
both N. and S. sides, 18 r., 2 ft., 5 ins.; according to gr-br.
by Director-General to Teunis Nysen, dated Dec. 5,
1643.
1657
Deed. Cosvn Gerritsen to Hendrick Hendricksen. May 3
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 79.) Desc: Lot E. side
Great Highway, bet. lot of A. Willemsen and M. Capito,
according to survey dated Apl. 8, 1648 and bill of sale
dated July 27, 1651; br. in fronton St., 3 r., sKft.; E.
side, 3 r., 92/3 ft.; length N. and S. sides, 18 r., 51/3 ft-
By virtue of deed T. Nysen to Hendrick Hendricksen.
1659
Deed. Hendrick Hendricksen to Jacob L'eehdersen July
Van der Grift. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 163.) Desc:
Ho. and lot E. of Heere Straat, bounded N. by ho. and
lot of P. Rudolphus, 18 r., ; ft. 1/3 of a ft.; E. by lot of P.
Rudolphus, 3 r., 92/3 ft.; S. by ho. and lot of A. Willemsen,
9
370
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
July 9 l8r., 51/3 ft.; W. by above street, 3 r., SJ-2 ft. Recites
deed May 3, 1657.
July 9 Deed. Jacob Leendersen Van der Grift to Isaac
Greveraet. (Lib. A, Deeds, N.Y. Co.: 164.) Desc: s. a.
preceding instrument. Recites deed July 9, 1659.
1667
Sep. 20 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Isaack Greveraet. (Pats.
Alb., II: 105.) Recites transport Jacob Leenderts to
above Isaac Greveraet, July 9, 1659. Desc: To E. of
the highstreet or Broadway, having to the N. the ho. and
lot of Pieter Rodulphus; to the E., ditto; to the S. that
of Aert Willems, deed.; to the W. the street; cont'g in br.,
towards the St., 3 r., 5 ft., 6 ins.; behind on the E. side,
3 r., 9 ft., 8 ins.; in length same on N. and S. sides, 18 r.,
5 ft., 4 ins.
LOT 10
Mch.
1647
13
Feb. 9
May
Apl.
Gr-br. to Cosyn Gerritsen. (GG: 186.) Desc: A lot
for a ho. and garden, lying on the Common Public High-
way (Heerenwegh: Broadway), betwixt Rutgert Aertsen
and Joris (sic) Nyssen's; its br. on the afsd. road is 4 r.;
its length on the S. side is 18 t., 2 ft., 5 ins.; its length on
N. side is 18 r., 2 ft., 5 ins., amtg. in all to 27 r., 8 ft.,
2 ins.
1657
May 3 Deed. Cosyn Gerritsen to Matys Capito. (Lib. A,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 81.) Desc: Ho. and lot E. side of
Great Highway, bet. hos. and lots of H. Hendricks on S.
and Cornells J. Cloppenborgh on N. ; br. in front on St.,
4 r., 8 ft., 9 ins.; E. side, rear, 4 r.; N. and S. sides, 18 r.,
2 ft., 5 ins.; according to a survey by Court Messenger,
Nov. 7, 165 1 ; in virtue of a gr-br. to Nyssen, Mch. 13,
1647, and deed from Teunis Nyssen.
1658
Gr-br. to Matthys Capito. Not found of record, but
recited in conf. set forth below to Frederick Phillips.
Note: This gr-br. by way of conf. of his deed.
Prior to 1658
Deed. Matthys Capito to Pieter Rudolphus. Not
found of record, but recited in conf. set forth below.
(Cf. Ric. N. Am., II: 382.)
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Frederick Phillips. (Pats.
Alb., II: 7.) Recites that Matthys Capito had heretofore
a gr-br. from Stuyvesant; that he did transport the same
over to Pieter Rudolphus; also that the wid. of Rudol-
phus m. Frederick Phillips and hence this conf. to him.
Desc: E. side of Broadway to the N. of Isaac Greveraet;
to the S. of De Haes. Cont'g on the W. side, 2 r., 9 ft.,
4 ins.; on the S. and N. sides 6 ft., 7 ins. {sic) in length
and on the E. side, 2 r.
1660
Deed. Matthys Capito to Gabryel de Haas. (Lib. A,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 193.) Desc: Ho. and lot E. of Heer
Straet, bounded N. by ho. and lot of C. J. Visser, who
m. the wid. of C. J. Cloppenborgh, 18 r.; E. partly by
lot of I. Kip and part by lot of P. Rodolphus, 26 ft.; S.
by ho. and lot which P. Rodolphus bought from Capito
at public sale, 18 r.; W. by St., afsd., 28 ft. Measured
by J. Cortelyou, Aug. 25, 1658. Recites deed May 3,
1657.
.:' LOT II
1643
July 13 Gr-br. to RutgerArentsen Van Seyl. (GG:79.) Desc:
A lot for a ho. and garden bounded on the E. by the com-
mon highway, northward by the land of Cornells
Volkertsen; its br. along the Highway is 4 r. 9 ft.; its
fength along the said lot of Cornells Volkertsen is 18 r.,
2 ft., 5 ins., 6 gr.; in the rear, its br. is 4 r., 2 ft., 4 ins.
and 6 gr; amtg. to 88 r., 4 ft., 9 ins. and 4 gr.
M;
ay
1644
Deed. Rutgert Arentsen to Arent Reyniersen. {Dutch Oct. 17
MSS., II: 130.) Desc: Ho. and lot situate on the Great
Highway on the Island of Manhattan. Sold "according
to the gr-br."
Note: Arent Reyniersen is called Arent StyfFander in
Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 103. His wife was Anna
Thomassen.
1653
Deed. Anna Thomassen (of Gravesend) to Jacob Oct. 15
Tysen. (HH: 47.) Desc: A ho. and lot in Broadway
bet. Jan Peeck and Matys Capito, in length and br. the
equal half of what is contained in the gr-br.
Deed. Jacob Thyssen (j-ic) to Jacob Steendam. (HH: Oct. 15
48.) A ho. and lot in Broadway, bet. Matys Capito and
Geurt Coertsen; in length and br. as by the deed given
to the grantor by Anna Thomassen.
1656
Deed. Jacob Steendam to Cornells Jansen Coppen- Jan. 8
bergh. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 33.) Desc: Ho. and
lot on Great Highway, bet. ho. and lot on N. side of
Geurt Coerten and on S. side of Matys Capito and that
large and small wide and long as same belongs to
Steendam according to gr-br. to R. Aersten, July 13,
1643, being }4 thereof Recites deed Oct. 15, 1653, Jacob
T. Van der Heyden to Jacob Steendam.
Deed. Claes Dangeloppen, who m. the wid. of Cornells
Jans Coppenburgh to Adam Onclebagh. Not found of
record. Recited in conf set forth below.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Adam Oncleback. (Pats. May 30
Alb., II: 37.) Recites transport by Jacob Steendam,
dated Jan. 8, 1656 unto Cornelys Jans Coppenborgh.
Further that the right, title &c. devolved upon Claes
Dangeloppen who m. the wid. of Cornelys Jans afsd. and
Reynout Reynoutsen, as atty. for the said Claes Dan-
geloffen {sic) having sold and transported the same to
Adam Oncleback, therefore the conf is to the latter.
Desc: s. a. preceding instrument.
1654
Deed. Anna Tomassen, wife of Arent StyfFander, to Aug. 28
Geurt Courten. Not found of record. Recited in Lib.
A, Deeds, N.Y. Co.: 103.
1657
Deed. Geurt Courten to Jacob Kip. (Lib. A, Deeds, Sep. 13
N.Y. Co.: 103.) Desc: Ho. and lot on Heerwegh bet.
lots of Jan Bexel and C. Jansen; in front on St., 2 r.,4'^ft.; •
rear on E.side, 2 r.,4j-^ ft.; long both on N. and S. sides,
18 r., 2 ft., 5 ins., 6 pepper corns. Recites deed of Aug.
28, 1654; recites gr-br. of July 13, 1647; being one-half
of the lot of Anna Tomassen, wife of Arent StyfFander;
recites deed by Rutger Arentsen to Arent Reyniersen
(StyfFander).
Note: This deed was re-recorded June 9, 1664 in Lib.
B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 35, by substantially same desc.
1664
Deed. Jacob Kip to Francis Douty, of Newtown. June 9
(Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 36.) Recites deed June 9,
1664. Desc: s. a. said deed.
LOT 12
1643
Gr-br. to Cornells Volckersen. (GG: 83.) Desc: A July 13
double lot for two hos. and two gardens, lying on the
Common Highway; its br. along said road is 9 r. and 8 ft.
and below on the marsh of the same br.; its length on the
N. side is 18 r., 2 ft., 5 ins., 6 gr.; and on the S. side of the
same length, amtg. to 187 r., 8 ft. and 5 ins.
Deed. Jan Peeck to Jan Gerritsen. (Lib. A, Deeds, Apl. 29
N.Y. Co.: 15.) Desc: E. side Great Highway, bet. lots
on S. side of G. Courten, and on N. side, C. Hendricksen.
Br. on W. side 2j4 r., on front St.; E. side, like br.; long,
THE DUTCH GRANTS
371
Apl. 29 N. and S. sides, same as other lots, 18 r., 2 ft., ; ins., 6
peppercorns. Recites in virtueof gr-br. to C. Volckertsen,
July 13, 1643, whose surviving wid. was lawfully m. to
Jan Peeck.
"559
Mch. 13 Deed. Jan Gerritsen to Jacobus Vis. (Lib. A, Deeds,
N. Y. Co.: 151.) Desc: Ho. and lot E. of Heere Straat,
bounded S. by ho. and lot of I. Kip; W. by afsd.st.,2>^ r.;
N. by ho. and lot of P. Pietersen (Schuyler); E. by ho.
and lot of Deaconry, lyi r.; S. and N. sides both long s. a.
other lots, according to gr-br. July 13, 1643, granted
unto C. Volckertsen, 18 r., 2 ft., 5 ins., 6 pepper corns.
Recites deed Apl. 29, 1655.
1663
Dec. 21 Deed. Jacobus Vis to Cornelis Gerloffsen. (Lib. B,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 30.) Recites gr-br. to C. Volckersen,
July 13, 1643. Deed, Mch. 13, 1659; Bill of Sale, Dec.
12, this year. Desc: A ho. and lot E. of Heere Straat;
bounded E. by lot of the Deacons and their ho.; S. by ho.
and lot of E. Doutty; W. by street afsd.; N. lot of Philip
P. Schuylaart with ho.; br. W. side or front on St., lyi r.;
E. side like width; long, both S. and N. sides, s. a. other
lots.
1655
Apl. 29 Deed. Jan Peeck to Claes Hendricksen. (Lib. A,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 18.) Recites residue of gr-br. Director-
General to C. Volckersen, whose wid. Jan Peeck m.;
dated July 13, 1643. Desc: 2 hos., one old and one new,
E. side the Great Highway, bet. ho. and lot conveyed by
Jan Peeck on N.side to Elbert (Evert) Pels, and on S.side
to J. Gerritsen; br. 4 r., 7>2 ft.; front and rear in length
18 r., 2 ft., 5 ins., 6 pepper corns, both on N. and S.
1656
Mch. 16 Deed. Claes Hendricksen to Phihp Pietersen Schuyler.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 38.) Desc: "One large and
one small decayed old ho." E. side of Great Highway,
bet. ho. of E. Pels and Jan Gerritsen, Mason, and that as
great and small, br. and long as they belong to Claes
Hendricksen, according to deed given by Jan Peeck to
him, Apl. 29, 165s; recites agreement bet. parties, Mch.
IS, 1656.
1667
Apl. 23 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Phillip Pieters. (Pats. Alb.,
and H: i8, 19.) Recites transfer made to Schuyler by Claes
24 Hendricksen, for two hos. and lots " the one being a great
new ho. and the other a small old one." Desc: s. a. above
. recited instrument.
LOT 13
1654
Dec. I Gr-br. to William Bredenbent. (HH-2: 28.) Desc:
Lot in the city of New Amsterdam in rear of* the lot of
Claes van Elslant, is in br. in front along the street, 4 r.,
2 ft.; in br. in the rear, E. and W. to the lot of Conraet
Ten Eyck, 3 r., yj^ft.; in length on W. along Egbert
Wouter, 14 r., 4 ft. and on E. adjoining Paulus Van der
Beek, 14 r., 4 ft., making together 53 r., 3 ft.
♦Opposite to.
LOT 14
1646
May 12 Gr-br. to Paulus Van der Beeke. (GG: 145.) Desc:
A cert, lot for a ho. and garden lying betwixt the lot of
Willem Bredenbent and Ensign de Leuw in br. in front
of the ditch or on the S. side, 6 r., 3 ft., I in.; its br. on the
N. side or behind on the Cripplebush, 6 r., 6 ft. and 8 Ins.;
its length on the W. side or ne.\t to Bredenbent's, 13 r.,
I in.; amtg. in all to 80 r., 7 ft., 7 ins.
1653
Mch. 22 Deed. Paulus Van der Beeck to The Deaconry of New
Amsterdam. (HH: 24.) Desc: A lot on the island of
Manhattan; is in br. in front along the road or S. side,
3 r., 8 ft., 5 ins.; and on the N. side 3 r., 8 ft., 5 ins.; on
the E. adjoining Philip de Truyn, deed., in length, II r..
9>2 ft. and on the W. adjoining Mr. Paulus its length is Mch. 22
13 r., I ft., 9 ins.
LOT 15
1643
Gr-br. Roelof Jansen Haes. (GG: 75.) A lot for a July 6
ho. and garden lying at the S. end of the Company's
valley (marsh) and N. E. from the fort; the br. in front
of the ho. and along the old ditch is 3 r. and 3 ft. and
along the other side, amtg. to 18 r., 9 ft.*
•Thi3 grant should raeasure4 r., 3 ft. br. Subsequent conveyances so
recite.
Note: Philip Dc Truyx (de Truy) is recited as the owner or occu-
pant of this parcel in descriptions on the E. and W. sides. He may
have settled here very early. May 22. 1640, he received a grant in
the Smith's Valley (GG: 34) where he resided.
1646
Deed. Nicolas Stillewel to J. J. Schepmoes. {Dutch Nov. 25
il/SS., II: 152.) Desc: Ho. and lot on the N. side of the
Graft, heretofore occupied by Ensign Gysbert de Leuw.
1656
Deed. Sara Pietersen, late wid. of Jan Jansen Dec. 29
Schepmoes, now m. to William Koeck, to Isaac de
Foreest. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 82.) Desc: Ho.
and lot N. of the Graft, bet. lot of Deacons on W. and
T. Briel on E. side; formerly of R. d'Haes, Ensign de
Leeuw, Nicholas Stilwel and Sara Pietersen's late hus-
band as by gr-br. appears dated July 6, 1643, and as-
signment endorsed thereon by virtue of brief.
1657
Deed. Isaac de Foreest to Nicolaes Langevelthuysen. Jan. 25
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 84.) Desc: s. a. above.
1658
Deed. Nicolaes Langevelthuysen to William Harck. Mch. 28
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 126.) Desc: 2 hos. and lot
N. of Beaver's Graght, bounded W. by ho. and lot of
Deaconry; N. by C. Ten Eyck's tannery; E. by ho. and
lot of T. Briel; S. by the Graght. In br. and length as
same stand at present and according to bill of sale Jan.
17, 1658; recites deed Jan. 25, 1657.
Note: Herrick's (Harck's) wid. was m. to T. Wandell.
1663
Deed. Tomas Wandel to Jacob Leunissen. (Lib. B, May 10
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 14.) Recites deed dated Mch. 28,
1658. Desc: Ho. and lot N. of Bevers Graft; bounded
W. by ho. and lot of Deaconry; N., Tannery of C. Ten
Eyck; E. ho. and lot of Tomas Wandel; S. by the Graft.
Measured by J. Cortelyou, Apl. 25, 1663, is found: S.
side, 29 ft.; W. and E. sides, 142 ft.; N. side, 25 ft.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jacob Leunissen. (Pats. June 6
Alb., II: 43.) Recites transport Thomas Wandell of
Mispats Kills, dated May 10, 1663 to Jacob Leunissen.
Desc: N. side Beaver's Graft, abutting on W. to
Deacons of this place; on the N. to the Tann Yard of
Coenraet Ten Eyck; on the E. to Thomas Wandell afsd.;
and on the S. to the Graft. Cont'g on the S. side, 29 ft.,
E. and W. sides, 142 ft.; N. side, 29 ft.
Further recites transport Thomas Wandell to Jacob
Leunissen, dated Apl. 27, 1665. Desc: N. side of the
Graft, having to the W. the lot of said Jacob Leunissen;
to the N. the tan-yard of Ten Eyck; to the E. Toesen
(Toussaint) Briel and to the S. the Graft; cont'g in br.
before towards the street on the S. side 29 ft.; in length
on the E. and W. sides, 142 ft. and on the N. side alike
as on the S.
LOT 16
1651
Gr-br. to Toesyn (Toussaint) Briel. Not found of Jan. 10
record but recited in confirmation set forth below.
1660
Deed. Tousein Briel to Dirck Jansen of Oldenburgh. Feb. 14
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 189.) Desc: Lot N. of
372
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Feb. 14 Beaver's Graght, bounded W. by the ho. and lot of the
first party, 10 r., 3 ft.; N. by the lot of C. Ten Eyck,
24 ft.; E. by bos. and lots of A. Lubbersen, Dirck Jansen
and Tomas Frericksen, 10 r., 3 ft.; S. by above Graght
24 ft.; measured by J. Cortelyou, Feb. 12, 1660. Re-
cites gr-br. Jan. 10, 1651.
1661
Apl. 16 Deed. Dirck Jansen van Oldenburgh to Tomas
Jansen Mingael. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 204.) Desc:
Lot N. of the Bevers Graght; bounded W. by ho. and
lot of T. Bryell, 56 ft.: N. by lot of C. Ten Eyck, 24 ft.;
E. by ho. and lot of T. Frericksen, 56 ft.; S. by the
Graght., 24 ft. Measured by J. Cortelyou, Apl. 15,
1661 is found agreeably to minute thereof, Dec. 7, 1660.
Recites deed Feb. 14, 1660.
1662
Aug. 12 Deed. Tomas Jansen Mingael to Cornelis Barensen
Van der Kuyl. Desc: s. a. preceding instrument. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N.Y. Co.: 275.)
1667
Apl. 20 Conf Governor Nicolls to Toesyn (jjV) Briel. (Pats.
Alb., II: 16.) Recites gr-br. Stuyvesant to Briel, dated
Jan. 10, 1651. Desc: N. side of the Moat or Graft bet.
the ground belonging to Philip de Truyx and that of
Claes Hermans, cont'g in br. on the S. side, before
towards the street, 4 r., 6 ins.; and on the N. side behind,
the like; in length on the E. side, 10^ r.; and on the W.
side, 10 r., 7 ft.
LOT 17
1647
Mch. 12 Gr-br. to Peter Van Linden. (GG: 181.) Desc: A
cert, lot for a ho. and garden on the Island of Man-
hattans, N. of the ditch; it extends in length in front of
the road or ditch, 16 r., 4 ft.; northward on to a trench
in the valley (marsh) till to the road in front or on the S.
side, 2 and >i r.
1656
June 29 Deed. Hendrick Hendricksen Kip, agent of Claes
Harmensen, to Thomas Fredericksen. (Lib. A, Deeds,
N. Y. Co.: 56.) Desc: A lot N. of the Graft, rear 3 r.,
3 ft., E. of the lot of T. Briel, 16 r., 4 ft.; W. of the lot of
deed. Monfort, being now the street, 16 r. and 4 ft. S.
side, in front, 2J-2 r. Recites according to gr-br., Mch.
12, 1647 to P. Linda.
1664
Feb. 12 Deed. Tomas Frericksen of Bergen, to Cornelis
Barensen Van der Kuyl. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 31.)
Recites deed June 29, 1656. Desc: Ho. and lot N. of
Bevers Graft, bounded W. by the lot of T. Briel; E. by
the Prince Graft; br. in front on St. or S. side and in rear
or N. side, 34^^ ft.; long both E. and W., sides, 51 ft.,
7 ins.
1667
June 12 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Cornelys Barent Van der
Kuyl. (Pats. Alb., II: 50.) Recites transport Thomas
Jansen Mingael, to Cornelys Barent Van der Kuyl,
dated Aug. 12, 1662, and transport from Thomas
Fredericks, Feb. 12, 1664 to the same, and confirms both
parcels.
1 660
July 10 Deed. Tomas Frericksen and Dirck Jansen Van
Oldenburgh to Boele Roeloffsen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y.
Co.: 227.) Desc: Lot W. of Prince Graght, bounded S.
by lot of Van Oldenburgh, 59 ft., 4 ins.; W. by lot of
Touseyn Briel, 26 ft.; N. by ho. and lot of Van Olden-
burgh, 59 ft., 8 ins.; E. on said Graght, 26 ft.; W. side,
like br. ; measured by J. Cortelyou, June 20, 1660. Of
which length and br., Van Oldenburgh conveys 26 ft.,
E. and W. and N. and S. 24 ft. Tomas Frericksen con-
veys remainder. Recites Deeds, June 29, 1656, Feb.
14, 1660 (the latter being for a part of Briel's grant.)
1668
Conf Governor Nicolls to Bool Roeloffsen. (Pats. Jan. 13
Alb., II: 149.) Recites transport by Thomas Fredericks
and Dirck Jans van Oldenburgh to Bool Roeloffsen,
dated July 10, 1660. Desc: s. a. preceding instrument.
1659
Deed. Tomas Frericksen to Abraham Lubbersen. July 15
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 167.) Desc: Ho. and lot W.
of the Prince Graght; bounded E. by above Graght, 26
ft.; S. by ho. and lot of Frericksen; W. by lot of T. Briel,
26 ft.; N. by lot of Frericksen, deep 35 ft. Dutch. Re-
cites deed June 29, 1656.
Deed. Abraham Lubbersen to Dirck Jansen of Olden- July 15
burgh. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 168.) Desc: s. a.
preceding instrument.
1661
Deed. Dirck Jansen Van Oldenburgh to Tomas Jansen Apl. 16
Mingael. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 203.) Desc: Ho.
and lot W. of the Prince Graght, bounded S. by ho. and
lot of B. Roelofsen, 59 ft.; E. by the Graght, 26 ft.; N. by
ho. and lot of A. Lubbersen, 34 ft.; W. lot of T. Briel;
further on N. 24 ft. by W., ;i ft. according to minute,
Dec. 7, 1660, and deed of July i;, 1659. Measured by J.
Cortelyou, Surveyor, Apl. 15, 1661.
1664
Deed. Paulus Leendersen Van Der Grift, Govert Aug. 22
Loockermans, Orphan Masters of Amsterdam, as Cura-
tors of Estate of Tomas Jansen Mingael, deed., to Nico-
laes de la Plaine. (Lib. B, Deeds, N.Y. Co.: 46.)
Recites deed Apl. 16, 1661, public sale, March 19, 1663.
Desc: Tomas Jansen Mingael's ho. and lot, W. of Prince
Graght, bounded S'ly by ho. and lot of B. Roeloffsen;
E., Graft afsd.; N., ho. and lots of A. Lubbersen; W., lot
of T. Bryeel. S. side, 59 ft., N. side, like length; E. side,
26 ft.; W. side, 25 ft.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Nicholas De La Plaine. July t
(Pats. Alb., II: 64.) Recites transport by P. L. Van der
Grift to Govert Loockermans, Apl. 16, 1661, as Trustees
for Thomas Jan Mingael, deed, to above named De La
Plaine. Desc: s. a. preceding instrument.
1656
Deed. Tomas Frericksen to Coenraet Ten Eyck. Aug. 19
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 64.) Desc: Lot in Sheep
Pasture in rear of Tomas Frericksen; in front of Coen-
raet's lot br. in front, on st. or E. side, 3 r., ^]/i ft. and
rear on W. side, 3 r., dyi ft.; long on N. side, 3 r., J^ ft.;
S. side, 3 r., 2^ ft. Recites in virtue deed June 29 this
year.
1660
Deed. Tomas Frericksen to Conraet ten Eyck. (Lib. May 31
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 195.) Desc: Lot W. of Prince
Graght, bounded E. by said Graght, 41 ft.; N. by lot of
C. ten Eyck, 34 ft., 7 ins.; W. by lot of C. ten Eyck, 41
ft.; S. by lot of A. Lubbersen, 34 ft., 7 ins. Recites
measured by J. Cortelyou Apl. 12, 1660; deed Jun. 29,
1656.
1664
Deed. Tomas Frericksen, of Bergen, to Abraham Feb. 12
Lubbersen. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 32.) Recites
deed June 29, 1656. Desc: Lot W. of Prince Graft;
bounded S. by ho. and lot of N. de la Plaine; N., tannery
of C. ten Eyck; br. in front on st. or E. side, 26 ft.; rear,
27 ft.; long both S. and N. sides, 59 ft.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Teunis Tomas. (Pats. Alb., May 15
III: 35.) Recites that Thomas Fredericks transported,
Feb. 12, 1664, unto Abraham Lubberts, lot by desc:
s. a. preceding instrument. Recites: since transported to
Teunis Tomassen.
THE DUTCH GRANTS
373
LOT 1 8
1645
Nov. 3 Gr-br. to Edward Marrel. (GG: 126.) Desc.:Acert.
lot for a ho. and garden lying on the Island of Man-
hattans, on or at the Cripplebush, E. of the lots of Isaac
AUerton and Govert Loockermans and behind the lots
of Mr. Poulus* and William Bredenbent; it extends in br.
or on the W'ly side 5 r. ; in length on the N. side, 14 r.
and 5 ft.; its br. on the E. side, 14 r.; its length on the S.
side, 14 r., 3 ft.; amtg. in all to 64 r., 8 ft. f
•Paulus van der Beeck.
tin above gr-br. translator's error reverses dimensions. Should
read E. and W. sides, 5 r.; N. and S. sides, 14 r. '
1652
Nov. 15 Deed. Wessel Everts to Conraet Ten Eyck and
Barent Myndertsen. (HH: 5.) Desc: s. a. preceding
instrument. Recites according to gr-br. Nov. 3, 1645.
Note: No deed into Wessel Everts found of record.
June 8 Partition deed. Not found of record, but recited in
Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 23. Bet. Conraet Ten Eyck
and Barent Mynderts.
1667
July 15 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Conraet Ten Eyck. (Pats.
Alb., II: 76 [2J.) Recites transport dated Nov. 15, 1652
by Wessel! Everts to Conraet Ten Eyck and Barent
Myndertsen for lot lying on the E. of the lots of Isaack
Allerton and Govert Loockermans, behind those hereto-
fore belonging to Mr. Paulus and William Bredenbent,
a part of which said lot is now only in the tenure and
occupation of said Conraet Ten Eyck, the rest being
conveyed away to several other persons; And whereas
Thos. Fredericks did upon the 19th Aug., 1656 transport
unto the said Conraet Ten Eyck a cert, part of his lot
near the former on the street called the Schaapen
Weytie behind his own and before the lot of the said
Conraet, and he having likewise upon 31st May, 1660,
conveyed unto said Conraet his said Thomas Fredericks's
lot lying on the W. side of the Prince's Graft having to
the E. said Graft, N. and W. ground belonging to said
Conraet and to the S. Abraham Lubberts; All which said
several parcels being lately surveyed together they are
found to lie to the E. of Egbert Mynderts, to the N. of
Teunis Tomassen Quick and to the S. of Cornelius
Barents and cont'gon E. side 49 ft., 2 ins.; W. side, 29 ft.;
N. side, 14 r., 6 ft.; S. side, 13 r., 12 ft., 7 ins.
1660
May 31 Deed. Conraet Ten Eyck to Daniel Tourneur. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 219.) Lot W. of Prince Graght,
bounded N. by lot of R. Reinoutsen, 13 r., 10 ft.; E. by
Graght, 40 ft.; S. by lot of Conraet Ten Eyck, 14 r.;
W. by lot of P. Van der Beeck, 20 ft., measured by J.
Cortelyou, Apl. 12, 1660. Recites deeds Nov. 15, 1652;
Aug. 19, 1656.
1663
Apl. II Deed. Daniel Tourneur to Cornells Barensen Van der
Kuyl. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 10.) Recites deed
May 31, 1660. Subject to 200 guilders mtge. The pas-
sage way bet. both remaining in common. Desc: Ho.
and lot W. of the Prince Graft, bounded N. by the ho.
and lot of Daniel Tourneur; E. by the Graft afsd.; S. by
the ho. and lot of P. Van der Beecq, measured by J.
Cortelyou is found: E. side, 18 ft., 3 ins.; the passage-
way, etc.; N. and S. sides, II2 feet, 4 ins.; W. side, 7 ft.,
8 ins.; the lot being there again broad on E. side, 26 ft.,
5 ins.; N. side 66 ft.; S. side, 69 ft.; W. side, 21 ft., 9 ins.
1667
June 12 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Cornelys Barents Van der
Kuyl. (Pats. Alb., II: 51.) Recites transport by Daniell
Tourneur, dated Apl. II, 1663. Desc: Substantially s. a.
preceding instrument.
1656
Deed. Conraet Ten Eyck to Paulus Vander Beeck. Sep. 25
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 72.) Desc: Lot in Sheep
Pasture in rear and on the line of Mr. Paulus's lot;
bounded S. by the said Mr. Paulus's lot, 4 r., zyi ft. ; N.,
Mr. Rynhout Rynhoutsen's lot, 35-2 r.; W. by Mr.
Gysbert's lot, zyi r.; E. by the lot of Conraet Ten Eyck,
3 t-> 7/'2 ft. In virtue of deed by W. Eversen to Conraet
Ten Eyck, Nov. 13, {sic) 1652.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Daniel Turner. (Pats. Nov. 27
Alb., II: 137.) Recites transport by Conraet Ten Eyck
to above for Desc: W. side Prince's Graght having on N.
lot of Reynout Reynoutsen; to E. the Graght afsd. and
to S., lot of said Conraet Ten Eyck and to W. that of
Paulus Van der Beeck. Cont'g E. side, 40 ft.; W. side,
20 ft.; S. side, 14 r.; N. side, 13 r., 10 ft.
165s
Deed. Barent Meynderts to Rhynhout Rynhoutsen. June 8
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 23.) Desc: Lot in Sheep
Pasture abutting W. side Mr. Gysbert; on S. side, C. Ten
Eyck, N. and E., open and ungranted land; br. on W.
side, in rear, 2}/iv.; E. side, front, 6K r.,^ ft.; long on N.
side, 14 r., 5 ft.; S. side, bet. C. Ten Eyck and in straight
line, 14 r., 4 ft. Recites agreement of partition bet.
Conraet Ten Eyck and Barent Meynderts, June 8, 1655.
s. a. gr-br.; s. a. W. Eversen to Ten Eyck, Nov. 15, 1652,
and Barent Meyndertsen.
Deed. Reinhout Reinhoutzen to Jacob Mensen. (Lib. Mch. 13
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 153.) Lot in Schape Weitie, W. of
Prince Graght; bounded N. by T. Verdon, 119 ft.; W. by
tannery of R. Reinhoutsen, 17 ft.; S. by C. Ten Eyck,
119 ft.; E. by above Graght, 22 ft. Measured by J.
Cortelyou Mch. 22, 1658. Deed, June 8, 1655.
1668
Conf Governor Nicolls to Jacob Mensen. (Pats. May 6
Alb., Ill: 22.) Recites transport Reinhout Reinhoutsen
to Jacob Mensen. Desc: s. a. preceding instrument.
1659
Deed. Reinout Reinoutsen to Tomas Verdon. (Lib. Mch. 13
A, Deeds, N.Y. Co.: 152.) Lot in Shaape Weytie, W. of
the Prince's Graght, bounded N. by Jan Cornelissen, 1 19
ft.; W. by Tannery of Reinoutsen, 17 ft.; S. by J. Mensen
119 ft.; E. by the Graght, 22 ft. Measured by J.
Cortelyou, Mch. 22, 1658. Recites deed June 8, 1655.
1663
Deed. Tomas Verdon to Cornells Barens Van der Apl. 9
Kuyl. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 8.) Recites deed set
forth above. Desc: Ho. and lot on the Prince's Graft.
Bounded N. by the ho. and lot of A. Hardenbrook;* E.
by the Graft afsd.; S. by the ho. and lot of J. Mens; W.
by the Tannery of R. Reinoutsen. In front on St., 22 ft.;
in rear, on W. side, 17 ft.; in length, S. and N. sides,
1 19 ft.
•Abel Hardenbroeck m. Annetje Meyndcrs, wid. of Dirck Smit.
{Min. Orph. Court, Vol. II, under date Jan. 31, 1664.)
Deed. Cornells Barensen Van, der Kuyl to Paulus Apl. 9
Andriessen Stulp. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 9.) Re-
cites deed, Apl. 9, 1653. Desc: s. a. as above.
1667
Conf Governor Nicolls to Paulus Andries Stulp. May 25
(Pats. Alb., II: 36.) Recites a transport Cornelys
Barens van der Kuyl to Stulp, dated Apl. 9, 1663. Desc:
s. a. above.
Deed. Remhout Remhoutzen to Jan Cornelissen van Mch. 13
Vlensburgh. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 154.) Desc:
Lot in Shaape Weytie W. of Prince's Graght; bounded
N. by P. Rudolphus, 119 ft.; W. by tannery of Van
Vlensburgh, 17 ft.; S. by T. Verdon, 119 ft.; E. by the
Graght, 24 ft. Measured by J. Cortelyou, Dec. 5, 1657.
Deed recited of June 8, 1655.
374
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
1661
July 15 Deed. Jan Cornelissen Van Vlensburgh to Willem
Jansen Van Borckloo. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 233.)
Desc: Ho. and lot W. of Prince Graght, bounded N.
by ho. and lot of P. Rudolphus's wid., 119 ft.; W. by
tannery of R. Reinhoutsen; S. by Cornells Bordensen,
119 ft.; E. by Graght, 24ft. Recites deed Mch. 13,
July 17 Deed. Willem Jansen Van Borckelo to Annetje
Dircks, wid. of Dirck Smitt. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.:
234.) S. a. preceding instrument. Recites deed July 15,
1661.
LOT 19
1656
May 18 Gr-br. to Peter Rudolf. (HH-2: 51.) Desc: A lot
for a ho. and garden in the city of New Amsterdam in the
Sheep Pasture, bounded on the N. by Jacob Kip; on the
S. by Reyndert Reyndertsen; on the W. by Aert Willem-
sen and on E. by the street; is in br. on E. or street side,
2 r., s)4 ft.; on W. 12 r., 3^ ft.; in length on N., 11 r.,
l}4 ft. and on S., 17 r.
Note: The S. side should be 14 r. See grant to Edward
Marrel.
1667
Apl. 10 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Frederick Phillips. (Pats.
Alb., II: 6.) Recites gr-br. to Pieter Rudolphus, May 19,
1656; marriage of Phillips to wid. of Rudolphus and
devolution of title and interest on him accordingly.
Desc: s. a. preceding instrument.
LOT 20
1656
June 21 Gr-br. to Jacob Kip. (HH-2: 57.) Desc: A lot in
the city of New Amsterdam in the Sheep Pasture; is in
br. on E. or street side, 2 r., 4 ft., wood measure; and on
W. adjoining Mathys Capito, 2 r., 4 ft., wood measure;
in length on S. adjoining Pieter Rudolphus, 11 r.yV/i ft.;
and on N. adjoining Isaack Kip, 10 r., 2}4 ft. — the feet as
they are marked on the rod.
1667
Sep. 16 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jacob Kip. (Pats. Alb.,
II: 103.) Recites gr-br. Stuyvesant to Kip, dated June
21, 1656. Desc: s. a. preceding instrument.
LOT 21
1656
June 21 Gr-br. to Isaac Kip. (HH-2: 56.) A lot in city of
New Amsterdam in the Sheep Pasture is in br. on the E.
or street side, 2 r., 4 ft., wood measure and on W. ad-
joining Cornelius Jans Coppenbergh, 2 r., 4 ft.; wood
measure; in length along Jacob Kip, on S., 10 r., 2% ft.;
and on N., along the Company's land, 9 r., 3^ ft.
1667
Sep. 16 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Isaack Kip. (Pats. Alb.,
II; 100.) Recites gr-br. Stuyvesant to Kip, dated June
21, 1656. In the street called the Sheep's Way. Cont'g
in br. on E. side of the street, 2 r., 4 ft. and on W. side
by Cornelys Jans, 10 r., 2 ft., 6 ins.; and on N. side to-
wards land heretofore of W. I. Co., 9 r., 3^ ft.
Note: This day appeared Isaac Kip who acknowledged
and declared that he did long since transport and make
over the within-mentioned lot of ground unto Jacob
Kipp, in whose occupation it now is. Dated, 3 Feb.,
1667. Matthias Nicolls, Secy.
LOT 22
1661
Apl. II Gr-br. to Jacob Kip. (HH-2: 127.) Desc: A lot
in this city by the Sheep Pasture, bounded on the N. of
the lot of Isaac Kip and on the S. of the lot of the
Deacons; in the rear the lot of Geert Coerten; is in br. in
front on the St., on E., 30 wood feet; in the rear on the
W., 30 wood ft.; in length on the S., 9 r., 3 ft.; on the N., Apl. 1 1
9 r., I ft.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jacob Kip. (Pats. Alb., Sep. 16
II: 102.) Recites gr-br. to Kip Apl. 15, 1661. Desc:
substantially s. a. in above gr-br.
LOT 23
This lot belonged to the Deacons of the City when
Kip's grant on the South was confirmed, Sep. 16, 1667.
LOT 24
The Swamp or Cripplebush (called the Company's
Marsh in 1643,) became vested in Conraet Ten Eyck
before Aug. ig, 1656, the date of the deed from Tomas
Frericksen to him of part of the grant of Pieter van
Linden. This deed conveys "Land in front of Coen-
raedt's lot," i. e. between the Swamp and the line of
Broad street. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 64.)
No grant of the Swamp has been found of record.
The conf. to Ten Eyck recites two deeds but neither of
them covers the marsh. (Pats. Alb., II: 76.)
BLOCK D
LOT I
164s
Gr-br. to Teunis Tomassen Van Naerden. (GG: 107.) July 4
Desc: A lot for a ho. and garden lying on the N. E. side
of Fort Amsterdam; it e,xtends on the S. side in length,
next to the lots of Isaac de Foreest and Flip Geraerdy,
9 r., 8 ft., 2 ins.; in front by the road with an outpoint
(projecting point) of I r., l^ ft.; on the W. side along said
road, 8 r., 3 ft.; on the N. side next to the road, till to the
lot of Willem Morrits; along his lot, 5 r., 5 ft.; further
along said lot till to the lot of Isaac de Foreest, 6 r., 6 ft.,
gins.; further on to the place of beginning, I r., 3 ft.
and 8 ins.; aratg. in all to 56 r., 4 ft., 7 ins.
Deed. Teunis Tomassen Van Naarden to Frerick Feb. 22
Aarsen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 148.) Desc: Lot on
Marckvelt, bounded N. by Marckvelt Steegh, 52 ft.,
8 ins.; E. by lot of C. Nysen Romp, 23 ft., 10 ins.; S. by
ho. and lot of G. Hendricksen, 52 ft.; W. by the Marck-
velt, 24 ft. wood measure. Recites measured by Cortel-
you; recites gr-br. July 4, 1645 and bill of sale Nov. 11,
1657-
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Frederick Aartsen. (Pats. July 17
Alb., II: 77.) Recites transport by Teunis Tomas van
Naarden dated Feb. 22, 1659. Desc: Marckvelt, having
to the N. lane called Marckvelt Steeghie; to the E. the
lot of Christian Nysen; S., Gerrit Hendricks and to the
W. the Marckvelt; cont'g on the E. side, 23 ft., 10 ins.;
S. side, 52 ft.; W. side, 24 ft.; N. side, 52 ft., 8 ins.
1658
Deed. Teunis Tomassen Van Naarden to Gerrit May 8
Hendricks. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 129.) Ho. and
lot E. of Fort on the Marckvelt, surveyed by J. Cortelyou,
Jan. 7, 1658. W. side is br., 20ft.; E. side, 20ft.; N.
side, long 40 ft.; S. side, 40 ft. (each foot 13 ins.), accord-
ing to conditions of public sale, Jan. 12, 1658 by C. Van
Ruyven, Secy.; recites gr-br. July 4, 1645.
1667
Conf. GovernorNicolls to Gerrit Hendricksen. (Pats. July 23
Alb., II: 81.) Recites transport by Teunis Tomassen
van Naarden, May 8, 1658. Desc: s.a. preceding in-
strument.
1658
Deed. Teunis Tomassen Van Naarden, to Jan Jansen Aug. 22
de Jongh. Not found of record, but recited in deed set
forth below.
THE DUTCH GRANTS
375
1662
July 6 Deed. Jan Jansen de Jongh to Jonas Barteltsen.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 272.) Desc: Lot E. of the
Marckvelt, bounded N. by ho. and lot of G. H. Van
Hardewyck, 5 r., 7 ft.; E. by lot of N. Boot, 18 ft., 5 ins.;
S. by lot of Jan Joosten, 5 r., s ft.; W. by Marckvelt,
24 ft., 3 ins. Measured by Jacques Cortelyou, Mch. 8,
1661; recites deed Aug. 22, 1658; bill of sale, Feb. 22,
i66i.
1667
Apl. II Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jonas Bartelste. (Pats.
Alb., II: I.) Recites transport by Jan Jans de Jongh
unto Jonas Bartelste, dated July 6, 1662; Desc. s. a.
preceding instrument.
1658
Aug. 22 Deed. Teunis Tomassen Van Naarden to Jan Jansen
de Jongh. Not found of record, but recited in deed
set forth below.
1661
Sep. 2 Deed. Jan Jansen de Jongh to Jan Joosten. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 239.) Desc: Lot E. of Marckvelt;
bounded N. by ho. and lot of J. Bartellsen, 5 r., 5 ft.;
E. by lot of N. Boot, 18 ft., 5 ins.; S. by ho. and lot of J.
Kay, 5 r., 4 ft.; W. by Marckvelt, 24 ft., 3 ins. Recites
deed Aug. 22, 1658.
1658
Oct. 28 Deed. Teunis Tomassen Van Naarden to Christian
Nyssen Romp. Not found of record but recited in deed
set forth below.
June 27 Deed. Christian Nyssen Romp to Gerrit Hendricksen.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 162.) Desc: Lot in Marck-
velt Steegh, bounded W. by ho. and lot of F. Aarsen;
N. by lane afsd.; E. by ho. and lot of N. Boot; S. by ho.
and lot of T. T. Van Naarden. In length and br. accord-
ing to deed Oct. 28, 1658.
1661
Oct. 4 Deed. Gerrit Hendricksen to Christiaen Pieters.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 245.) Desc: s. a. preceding
instrument. According to deeds, Oct. 28, 1658 and June
27, 1659.
Oct. i. Deed. Christiaen Pieters to Jacob Leendersen Van
■ der Grist (Grift). (Lib A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 246.)
Desc: Ho. and lot S. of Marckvelt.; bounded E. by ho.
and lot of N. Bout, 48 ft.; S. by lot of Jacob T. Kay,
20 ft., 3 ins.; W. by ho. and lot of F. Aarsen, 47 ft.,
6 ins.; recites deed Oct. 4, 1661.
1667
.Apl. 5 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jaques Cossart. (Pats.
Alb., IV: 39.) Recites transport Jacob Leendertsen
vander Grift to Simon Jansen Romein, Aug. 26, 1666
[see Lib. B, N. Y. Co., loi]; and is by him since conveyed
to Jaques Cossart. Desc: S. side Marckvelt Steegh
joining on the E. to Nicholas Boot; on the S. to Jonas
Bartletts [Bartelste]; on the W. Frederick Aertsen; and
on the N. to the said Lane; cont'g in br. on the N. and S.
sides, 20 ft., 3 ins.; on the E. side in length 48 ft. and on
the W. side, 45 ft., 6 ins., wood measure.
1663
Aug. 22 Deed. Teunis Tomassen Van Naerden to Jacob
Teunissen Kay. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 21.) Recites
gr-br. July 4, 1645; bill of sale June 7, 1660. Desc: Ho.
and lot E. of Marckvelt; bounded S. by ho. and lot of
F. Flypsen; N. lot of J. Joosten; E., lot of J. E. Boot;
W. by the Marckvelt ; measured by J. Cortelyou, Aug. 1 2,
1660 and found, W. side, 2 r., 4ft., Sins.; S. side,
obliqued, 5 r., 10 ft.; long, N. side, 5 r., 5 ft.; br. this
length bet. M. Polet and Jan Joosten, I r., 6 ins., in rear
of Jan Joosten, I r., 3 ft., 4 ins.; br. altogether, 2 r., 3 ft.,
10 ins.; long, S. side, 5 r., 6 ft.; N. side, 5 r., 5 ft.; br. E.
side, 2 r., 6 ins.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jacob Teunis Kay. (Pats. Apl. 20
Alb., II: 16.) Recites gr-br. Kieft to Teunis Thomassen
van Naerden, July 4, 1645; that the right, title and in-
terest therein were transported by Teunis Tomassen (van
Naerden) to Jacob Teunis Kay, Aug. 22, 1663. Desc:
N. side Fort, the S. side thereof stretching along next to
Isaac de Foreest and Philip Gerart, it contains 9 r., 8 ft.,
2 ins.; then striking out before towards the way, with an
angle of i r., 4 ft., it is on the W. side along the said way,
8 r. and 3 ft.; on the N. side, next to the way to the
ground of William Morrice; then 5 r., 5 ft. further going
along the said ground till you come to that of Isaac de
Foreest, it's 6 r., 6 ft., 9 ins.; and further on to the first
going off, I r., 3 ft.. Sins.; in all amtg. to 561., 4ft.,
7 ins.
LOT 2
1645
Gr-br. to Harry Peers. (GG: no.) Desc: One lot Sep. 30
for a ho. and garden bounded W. by Tomas de Metselaer
(the mason) and N. by the road; it extends along said
road to his ho., 4 r., 8 ft., 5 ins.; the br. before the ho. is
1 r., 4 ft., further to the lot of Jan Cornelissen, 2 r., 5 ft.,
3 ins., along his said lot on the E. side to the lot of Isaac
de Foreest, 4 r., 9 ft., 6 ins.; further along said Foreest's,
2 r.; then 2 r., 3 ft., 4 ins. along the lot of the afsd.
Metselaer, being the S. side; then 3 r., 8 ft., 4 ins.; then
along the said lot being the W. side to the place of
beginning, 5 r., 5 ft.; amtg. in all to 33 r., 4 ft., 2 ins.
Note: In this grant, the frontage on the road or N.
side is stated in 3 distances, viz.: 4 r., 8 ft., 5 ins. to the
ho.; I r., 4 ft. in front of the ho.; then further to the
lot of Cornelissen, 2 r., 5 ft. — a total frontage of 8 r., 5 ft.,
8 ins. The S. boundary is also given in 3 distances: 2 r.
plus 2 r., 3 ft., 4 ins. plus 3 r., 8 ft., 4 ins., in all 7 r., 1 1 ft.,
8 ins.
1653
Deed. William Beeckman to Nicholas Bout. (HH: Mch. 10
18.) Desc: Lot, New Amsterdam, conveyed to said
Beeckman by Roelof de Haes, 2 Apl., 1650.
1^59
Mtge. Nicholas Bout to Pieterjacobsen Buys. [Mtges., June 14
1654-60: 133.) Desc: Ho. and lot in the Marckvelt
Steegh, bounded E. by ho. and lot of Jan Evertsen Bout,
S. by lot of Teunis Tomassen of Naarden; W. by the
lot of Gerrit Hendricksen; N. by the lane afsd.
1663
Terms and conditions of sale by the Honourable Court Nov. 8
of premises afsd. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 124.)
1667
Deed. Mayor, &c. to Simon Jansen Romeyn. (Lib. Apl. 16
B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 126.) Desc: Ho. and parcel of
land S. side Marckvelt St., abutting N. side on said
street, with E. side upon land of J. Teunissen; W. side
ho. and lot of J. Liendersen; S. side, lot of J. Teunissen
(Kay); N. side, 6 r., i,)/i ft.; E. side, 4 r., i ft., with a
square of 6^^ ft. from said square upon said course, 2 r.,
3K ft.; S. side, 5 r., 3>^ ft.; W. side 5 r., 3 ft., 9 ins.,
formerly of N. Boot.
LOT 3
1645
Gr-br. to Jan Cornelissen (van Hoorn). Not found of June 23
record, but recited in subsequent conveyances.
1649
Deed. Isaac De Foreest to William Beeckman. Aug. 2
{Dutch MSS., Ill: 46.) Desc: A portion of his lot stand-
ing and situate on the W. side of Jan Cornelissen van
Hoorn and opposite the ho. and lot of Claes Van Elslant
in the br. 4 r., 2 ft.; in the length, 6r., less J^ ft.; and that
by virtue of the gr-br. dated Sept. 5, 1645.*
This gr-br. was to de Foreest, but this lot Is not entirely derived
through said gr-br.
376
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
1653
Mch. 28 Deed. William Beeckman to Herman Smeeman.
(HH: 22.) Desc: A cert. ho. and lot on the island of
Manhattan, on the W. side of the ho. of Jan Cornelissen
Van Hoorn; is in br. 4 r. and 2 ft.; in length, 6 r., less
1655
Oct. 10 Deed. William Beekman, Herman Smeeman and
Michael Janse, to Jan Evertse Bout. (Lib. A, Deeds,
N. Y. Co.: 31.) "We the undersigned, Schepens of this
town, Amsterdam in New Netherland, declare hereby
that before us have appeared William Beekman, Herman
Smeeman and Michael Janse, and each of them, as far as
his right and claim of property goes, to transport and to
cede to the behoof of Jan Evertse Bout a cert. ho. and
lot standing and situated within this foresaid city bet.
the lot at the W. side Nicholas Bout and at the E. side
Johannes Monjeer de la Montague, Jr., at present
occupied by Jan J. de Jong. br. at the way or N. side, 3
r., Syi ft. and in the rear at the S. side, 5 r., 7 ft. and at
the W. side, 10 r., 2 ft. and at the E. side 10 r., 2 ft.; as
the same exists to-day, built and fenced and as measured
by the surveyors. 10 October, 1655. Secy. Jacob Kip."*
*The original of this document was soW at the Moore sale. 1894,
and is now in the possession of the N. Y. Hist. Society, as is also the
original conf. by Governor Lovelace, 1669.
1659
June 27 Deed. Monjeer Joannes de la Montague, Jr. to
Joannes Vervelen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 162.)
DesC: Ho. and lot S. of Marckvelt Steegh; bounded E.
by ho. and lot of H. Van Bommel; S. by ho. and lot of
Isaac de Foreest, I r., 6 ft., 7 ins.; W. by ho. and lot of
J. E. Bout, N. by lane afsd., i r., 6 ft., 7 ins. Long from
St. as ho. now stands, ^}4 r.; br. and length according to
deed Sep. 25, 1655; recites deed of that date.
1653
Oct. :5 Deed. Hendrick Gerritsen (Tailor) to Isaac De
Foreest. (HH: 57.) Desc: A lot lying bet. the lot of
Arent Van Hattem and Jan Cornelissen Van Hoorn;
on the street, i r., 6 ft., 7 ins.yin length on the E. 10 r.,
1^2 ft.; in length on the W. 10 r., i>^ ft.
Note: Length on E. and W. sides should read $^4 r.
each side. (Lib. "A, Deeds, Ni Y.^Cc: 30 and 162.)
■^55
Sep. 26 Deed. Isaac d'Foreest to Monjeer Johannes d' la
Montayne, Jr. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 30.) Ho. and
lot bet. ho. andlot' of Jan C. Van Hoorn on £. side and
ho. "where J: Jan d'Jongh now dwells" on W. side and
that as said ho. and lot are situate br. in front on N.
side, I r., 6 ft., 7 ins.; rear S. side, i r., 6 ft., 7 ins.; long
from the St. 5>^ r.; in virtue of the deed by H. Gerritsen
to Isaac d'Foreest, October 15, 1653.
1658
July 6 Deed. Jan Cornelissen van Hoorn to OlofF Stevensen
(van) Cortland. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 134.) Re-
cites gr-br. June 23, 1645 (to van Hoorn]. Desc: Ho.
and lot S. of the Marckvelt Steiegie, bounded E. by C.
Paulussen, 4 r., 4 ft., 8 ins.; S. by OloffS. Van Cortlandt,
30 ft.; W. by J.delaMontagne, Jr., 4J^ r.; N. by Marck-
velt Steegie, 28 ft.' Measured by J. Cortelyou on July
. . . , 1658.
1667
Aug. 12 Conf; Governor Nicolls to Oloff S. Van Cortlandt.
(Pats. Alb., II: 92.) Recites transport by Jan Cornelissen
van Hoorne, July 6, 1658. Desc: s. a. preceding instru-
ment.
1653
Mch. 6 Deed. Jan Cornelissen to Claes Paulussen. (HH: 17.)
Desc: A lot on E. of Ft. Amsterdam; in br. on the street
or N. side 1^2 r., 4.^4 ins.; in the rear on S. side, J4 r.,
4X ins.; in length on E.,9 r., 9 ft.; on W. 9 r., 9 ft. Re-
cites gr-br. June 23, 1645.
1662
Deed. Claas Paulusen to Olof Stevensen Van Cortlant. July 6
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 267.) Desc: Ho. and lot S.
of Marckvelt Steegh; bourided E. and S. and W. by ho.
and lot of OlofF Stevensen Van Cortlandt; N. by Steegh.
In front on street or N. side, br. iK t-j 4H '"s. in rear
on S. side like br.; long E. and W. 9 n, 9 ft. (Note: S.
dimension was }4 r., 4^ ins.] Recites deed Mch. 6, 1653.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Oloff S. Van Cortlandt. Aug. 12
(Pats. Alb., II: 92.) Recites transport Claes Paulussen
to OloffS. Van Cortlandt, July 6, 1662. Desc: s. a. pre-
ceding instrument.
1653
Deed. Jan Cornelissen to David Wessels. (HH: 16.) Mch. 6
Desc: A lot on E. of Ft. Amsterdam; in br. on the
street on N. side, J^ r., 4>^ ins.; in br. in the rear on S.,
lyi r., 4>i ins.; in length on E., 9 r., 9 ft.; in length on
W. 9 r., 9 ft. Recites gr-br. June 23, 1645.
1656
Deed. David Wessels to Oloff Stevensen Van Cort- Apl. 27
landt. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 43.) Desc: Lot on
E. side Ft. Amsterdam abutting in front on N. side the
street; E. side, lot of Van Cortlandt exchanged for this
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 44); W. side, C. Paulussen;
br. on N. side, i^ r. and 4>i ins.; rear S. side beside lot
of Van Cortlandt i>2 r. and 4>^ ins.; long on E. and
W. sides, 9 r., 9 ft. in virtue of deed by Jan C. Van
Hoorn to David Wessels, Mch. 6, 1653.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Oloff S. Van Cortlandt. Aug. 8
(Pats. Alb., II: 90.) Recites transport David Wessells
to Van Cortlandt. Desc: s. a. preceding instrument.
1650
Deed. Jan Cornelissen (van Hoorn) to Oloff Stevensen Aug. 8
Van Cortlandt. Not found of record, but recited in conf.
set forth below.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Oloff S. Van Cortlandt. Aug. 8
(Pats. Alb., II: 89.) Recites gr-br. to Jan Cornelissen
(van Hoorne) dated June 23, 1646*; that the same was
transported by said Cornelissen to Van Cortlandt Aug. 8,
1650; the same confirmed by Stuyvesant Sep. 12. Desc. :
Lot fenced in bet. the lots which he the said Jan Cor-
nelissen sold unto Albert Trumpetter, William Beekman
and Burger Joris, and the lot belonging to him by the
Horse Mill; cont'g in br. before to the street, on the N.
side, 2 r., 8 ft.; and on the S. side, the like. In length,
on the E. side, 9 r., 9 ft. and on W. side, 9 r., 6 ft.
♦Should read 1645.
Prior to 1649
Deed. Jan Cornelissen (Van Hoorn) to Burger Feb. 22
Jorissen. Not found of record, but Jorissen is recited
as a neighbor in Dutch MSS., Ill: 28 and Pats. Alb.,
II: 89.
Prior to 165 1
Deed. Burger Jorissen to Conraedt Ten Eyck. Not Jan. 4
found of record, but recited in conf. set forth below.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Cdnraet Ten Eyck. (Pats. July IJ
Alb., II: 76.) Recites gr-br. to Ten Eyck, dated Jan. 4,
1651.* Desc: Towards the Graft, bet. Albert Trom-
petter and Gerrit Douman; cont'g in br. before towards
the street, on the E. side, 2 r.; and behind W. side, 2 r.,
I ft.; in length on the S. side 7 r., 3 ft., 6 ins.; and on the
N. side, 7 r., 6 ft., 6 ins.
*Thisi3 a confirmatory grant, and is now in the author's posses-
sion: the original gr-br. was to Jan Cornelissen [van Hoorn].
1649
Deed. Jan Cornelissen (Van Hoorn) to Albert Feb. 22
Pietersen, Trumpetter. {Dutch MSS., Ill: 28.) Desc:
A part of his gr-br. on the E.side, 2K r. and J^ft.; on the
W. side of said lot dividing the remainder of Jan Cornelis-
THE DUTCH GRANTS
377
Feb. 22 sen's portion of this parcel, 3 r.; on the N. side, 7 r. and
2 ft., bounding on Burger Jorissen's land; on the S. side,
7 r., less 2 ft. bounding on the lots of Mr. Adolphus van
Hardenbergh and Pieter Wolphertsen. Surveyor's desc:
It is br.on the E.side on the road, 2K r.;K ft.; in the rear
on the W. side, on the afsd. Jan Cornelissen, it is br. 3 r.;
it is long on the N. side. 7 r., 2 ft. stretching on Burger
Jorissen's land. It is long on the S. side 7 r., less 2 ft.,
being bounded by Pieter Wolphertsen's land and
Arnoldus Hardenbergh's lot.
1656
Jan. 4 Deed. Albert Pietersen to Rynhout Rynhoutsen.
(Lib.A, Deeds,N. Y. Co:34.) Desc: His ho. and lot W.
of the Graft bet. lot of F. Lubbertsen and Conraet Ten
Eyck, as ho., fences, etc. are standing and all that is
earth and nail fast br. front on road or E. side, 2'/2 r.,
yi ft.; rear W. side, 3 r.; long on N. side 7 r. and 2 ft.; S.
side, 7 r. less 2 ft., according to deed J. C. Van Hoorn to
Albert Pietersen, Feb. 2, 1649.
LOT 4
1646
Nov. 29 Gr-br. to Gerrit Douman. (GG: 160.) Desc: A cert,
lot for a ho. and garden lying on the Island of Man-
hattans extending in the br. on the E. side along the
ditch, 3 r., 7J-2 ft. in length next to the lot of Jan Cor-
nelissen or on the S. side, 7 r., 9^2 ft.; on the W. end
behind along the lot of said Jan Cornelissen, 4 r., i ft.;
on the N. side in its length along the road, 7 r., 9^2 ft.
Note: No deed of record out of Douman or into Van
Dincklagen.
Apl. I Deed. Lubbert Van Dincklagen to William Beeck-
man. (HH: 25.) Desc: A lot on the island of Man-
hattan in this city of New Amsterdam, adjoining to the
lot of Jan Cornelissen and containing as the same is set
forth in the gr-br. 29th Nov., 1646 to Gerrit Douman.
Oct. 15 Deed. William Beeckman to Peter Naerden. (HH:
60.) Desc: A lot in New Amsterdam, bounded on the
lot of Jan Cornelissen and next to the lot of Claes Tyssen
Cuypers; in length on the S., 3 r.,9 ft.; in br. on the N. or
street side, 3 r., 9 ft.; on the E., I r., 8 ft.; on the W.,
I r., 8 ft.
1668
Feb. 14 Conf. Governor Nicolls to wid. of Pieter Van Naarden.
(Pats. Alb., II: 170.) Recites deed William Beeckman
to Pieter Van Naarden, Oct. 15, 1653. Death of Van
Naarden and that Aschee Jans is his relict. Desc: Near
unto the lot of Jan Cornelissen (Van Hoorn), next ad-
joining to that of Claes Tyssen. s. a. preceding instru-
ment.
1653
Oct. 15 Deed. William Beeckman to Claes Tyssen. (HH:
61.) Desc: A lot in New Amsterdam next to the lot
of Conraet Ten Eyck; in length on the N., 3 r., 9 ft.; on
the S., 3 r., 9 ft.; on the E. in the street side, i r., 8 ft.;
on the W., I r., 8 ft.
1658
Mch. 18 Deed. Claes Tysen, Cooper, to David Wessels. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 125.) Desc: Ho. and lot on Heere
Graght next to ho. and lot of C. Ten Eyck; long on N.
side, 3 r., 9 ft.; S. side, 3 r., 9 ft.; E. side, or St., i r., 8 ft.;
W. side, I r., 8 ft. Recites deed Oct. 15, 1653.
1667
May 23 Conf. Governor Nicolls to David Wessells. (Pats.
Alb., II: 34.) Recites transport Claes Tysen to Wessells,
Mch. 18, 1658.
1653
Oct. 15 Deed. William Beeckman to OlofF Stevensen Van
Cortlandt. (HH: 59.) Desc: A lot on the Man-
hattans in New Amsterdam, adjoining Coenradt Ten
Eck's lot, in length on the N., 3 r., 9 ft.; in br. on the W.
3 r., 6 ft.; on the E., 3 r., 6 ft.
1656
Deed. OlotF Stevensen Van Cortland to David Apl. 27
Wessels. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 44.) Desc: Lot
on E. side Fort Amsterdam, abutting on S. side C. Ten
Eyck; on E. side, P. Van Naerden; W. side, lot of O.. S
Van Cortlandt. Long on S. side, 3 r., 9 ft.; br. on W.
side, 3 r., 6 ft.; E. side, 3 r., 6 ft. In virtue of deed by
Beeckman to O. S. Van Cortlandt, Oct. 15, 1653.
Note: As much of this deed as "remains undisposed
of" was confirmed to Wessels by Pats. Alb.: 34 (supra).
Deed. David Wessels to Jan Adams. Not found of
record, but recited in confirmation set forth below.
1667
Conf Governor Nicolls to Jan Adams. (Pats. Alb., May 23
II: 35.) Recites transport by OloflF S. Van Cortlandt to
David Wessells, Apl. 27, 1656. Desc: [of Van Cort-
landt to Wessells]; E. of Fort, having to S., Conraet Ten
Eyck's; to E., Pieter van Naerden's and Claes the
Cooper; to W.,01off; cont'g in length on the S. side, 3 r.,
9 ft.; in br. on W., 3 r., 6 ft.; on E., the same. Recites
said David Wessells transported unto Jan Adams a cert,
proportion out of the afsd., cont'g on the N. side, 24 ft.,
2 ins.; S. side, the same; E. and W. sides, 50 ft.
Deed. David Wessells to Jan Meynderts. Not found
of record, but recited in conf. set forth below:
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jan Meynderts. (See May 23
above last-recited conf. for desc. of deed Wessells to
Van Cortlandt.) Confirms transport by Wessells to
Jan Meynderts of a portion of the ground afsd. cont'g
in length 27 ft. and in br. 24 ft.
LOT 5
1645
Apl.
Gr-br. to Pieter Wolphertsen Van Couwenhoven.
Not found of record, but recited in Dutch MSS., Ill: 109.
1646
Deed. Pieter Wolphertsen Van Couwenhoven to Nov. 24
Arnoldus Van Hardenbergh. {Dutch MSS., II: 152.)
Desc: Ho. and lot on the N. side of the Graft, on the
Island of Manhattan.
Note: No connection found between Arnoldus Van
Hardenbergh and Jan Laurensen Appel.
1653
Deed. Jan Laurensen Appel to Johannes Harden- June 20
bergh. (See Dutch MSS., Ill: 109.) Recites s. a. Kieft
to Pieter Wolphertsen, Apl. 22, 1645. No desc.
1659
Deed. Govert Loockermans, atty. and agent of Apl. 30
Guardians of Estate &c. left by Jan Van Hardenbergh,
to Frerick Lubbersen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 157.)
Desc: Ho., garden and lot W. of Heere Graft, bounded
S. by Brouwer Straat, W. by ho. and lot of P. Hertyens;
N. by lot of R. Reinheoutsen; E. by Graght. In br. and
length according to said gr-br. and further according to
bill of sale of Oct. 5, 1655. Recites deed June 20, 1652
(sic).
ay
Conf Governor Nicolls to Frederick Lubberts. (Pats. M
Alb., Ill: 22.) Recites transport by Govert Loocker-
mans (having procuration from Executors of Jan Van
Hardenbergh), 30 Apl., 1659, unto Frederick Lubberts
a cert, ho., lot and garden. Desc: W. of Prince's or the
High Graft, having to S. Brewers or Stone st. to W. ho.
and lot of Pieter Hertgers, to the N. Reinhout Reinhout-
sen and to the E., Graft, cont'g in br. and length as in
the original gr-br. granted to the said Jan van Har-
denbergh.
1660
Deed. Frederick Lubbersen to OloflF Stevensen Cort- Feb.
landt. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 181.) Lot W. of the
Heere Graght, bounded S. by ho. and lot of Frederick
Lubbersen, 48 ft., 6 ins.; E. by the Graght afsd., 22 ft.,
3 ins.; W. by the lot of A. de la Noy, 22 ft., 6 ins.; N. by
14
378
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Feb.
Aug,
14
Feb. 14
May 9
June 27
lot of Frederick Lubbersen, 4 r. Measured by J.
Cortelyou on Aug. 25, 1658. Recites deed Apl. 30, 1659.
1667
Conf. Governor NicoUs to OlofF S. Van Cortlandt.
(Pats. Alb. II: 93.) Recites transport by Frederick
Lubberts to Oloff S. Van Cortlandt, Feb. 14, 1660.
Desc: s. a. preceding instrument.
1660
Feb. 14 Deed. Frerick Lubbersen to Pieter Pietersen, Men-
ist. (Lib.A.Deeds, N. Y.Co.: 188.) Desc: Lot W. of
Heere Graght, bounded S. by ho. and land of Oloff S.
Cortlandt, 4 r.; W. by lot of A. de la Noy, 23 ft., 6 ins.;
N. by ho. and lot of G. Jansen Roos, 52 ft., 6 ins.; E.
by Graght, 23 ft., 3 ins.; measured by J. Cortelyou,
Aug. 25, 1658. Recites deed Apr. 30, 1659.
Deed Pieter Petersen, Menist, to Hendrick Jansen
Spiers. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 190.) Desc: s. a.
preceding instrument.
1662
Deed. Magdalena Hansen, wife of H. J. Spiers to
Christoffel Van Laer. Subscribed by Hendrick Jansen
Spiers, May 12, 1662. Recorded, Oct. 20, 1681. (Lib. 12,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 65; Cf. Lachaire's Register, under
date May 12, 1662.) Desc: Ho. and lot on the Heere
Graft, next to ho. of O. S. Van Cortlandt and Gerrit
Jansen Roos, extending in front E'ward to the burgh-
waal and in the rear to the lot of Abraham de la Noye.
1659
Deed. Frederick Lubbersen to Gerrit Jans Roos.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 159.) Desc: Lot W. of
Heere Graght, bounded S. by lot of P. Pietersen, 52 ft.,
6 ins.; W. by ho. and lot of P. Hartgers, 23 ft.; N. by ho.
and lot of R. Reinhoutsen, 59 ft., 6 ins.; E. by said
Graght, 25 ft., 6 ins. Measured by J. Cortelyou, Aug.
25, 1658. Recites deed Apl. 30, 1659.
1663
Deed. Gerrit Jans Roos to Claes Paulusen. (Lib. B,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 7.) Recites deed June 27, 1659. Desc:
Ho. and lot W. of Heere Graght; bounded S., ho. and
lot of Van Laer; W., ho. and lot of P. Hertgens; N. ho.
and lot of D. Van Oldenbergh; E. by the Graft afsd.; in
front on st. or Graft, 25 ft., 5 ins.;W. 23 ft.; long N. side,
59 ft., 6 ins.; and S. side, 52 ft., 6 ins.
1661
Deed. Revnout Reynoutsen to TomaS Jans Mingael.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 202.) Desc: Lot W. of
Heere Graght, bounded S. by ho. and land of G. J. Roos,
4 r., 7 ft., 9 ins.; W. by lot of A. de la Noy, 25 ft.; N. by
ho. and lot of Reynout Reynoutsen, 4 r., 11 ft., 4 ins.;
E. by afsd. Graght, 25 ft. Measured by J. Cortelyou,
Nov. 10, 1659. Recites deeds Jan. 14, 1656; Mch. 19,
1661.
166 1
Deed. Tomas Jans Mingael to Dirck Jansen van
Oldenburgh. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 202.) Desc:
s. a. preceding instrument.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jacques Cousseau. (Pats.
Alb., IV: 35.) Recites transport by Dirck Jansen van
Oldenburgh to above, July 5, 1665. Desc: s. a. in both
instruments preceding.
LOT 6
1646
Mch. 17 Gr-br. to Pieter Wolphertsen (Van Couwenhoven).
(GG: 137.) Desc: A cert, lot for a ho. and garden lying
on the Island of Manhattan betwixt the lots of Oloff
Stcvensen and the said Pieter Wolphertsen; its br. on
the road is 4 r. ; its length next Oloff Stevensen's lot is
10 r. and I'/s ft.; its br. behind is 4 r.; its br. next Pieter-
sen's lot is in the clear (nett) 10 r.; amtg. in all to ^lyi r.
1652
Nov. 12 Deed. Pieter Wolphertsen van Couwenhoven to
Apl
Apl
Apl
Apl
Pieter Hartges. (HH: 7.) Desc: Ho. and lot on Man- Nov. 12
hattan bet. lots of Oloff Stevensen and him, Pieter
Wolphertsen, in br. along the street 4 r.; in length along
the lot of Oloff Stevensen, 10 r., I'/j ft.; in br. in thereat,
4 r.; m le
J ft.; in br.
4 r.; in length along Pieter's lot, 10 r., making together,
41 r. and yi r. Recites gr-br. Mch. 17, 1646.
1659
Deed. Pieter Hartgerts to Abraham de la Noy. (Lib. Sep. I
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 175.) Desc: s. a. preceding instru-
ment. Recites gr-br. Mch. 17, 1646; deed Nov. 12, 1652,
according to bill of sale June 24, 1659.
1661
Deed. Marryke Lubbers, wid. of Abraham de la Noy, Oct. 12
deed, to Pieter Hertjens. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.:
247.) Desc: s. a. preceding instrument. Recites deed
Sep. I, 1659.
LOT 7
1645
Gr-br. to Oloff Stevensen Van Cortlandt. (GG: 104.) Sep. 5
Desc: A lot for a ho. and garden lying on the island of
Manhattans on the road betwixt the lot of Gysbert Op
Dyck* and Harman Myndertsen, bounded on the N.
side or the rear by the lot of William Moris;* its br. in
front on the said road or on the S. side is 5 r., 4 ft., 7 ins.;
its length on the E. side next to the said Op Dyck is lo
r., I ft. and 8 ins.; its br. in the rear of said Morris or on
the N. side is 6 r., 2 ft., i in.; its length on the W. side
or next to the said Myndertsen, 9 r., 2 ft., 3 ins.; amtg.
altogether to 56 r., 6 ft. and . . . ins.
1666
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Oloff S. Van Cortlandt. Feb. 26
(Pats. Alb., IV: 12.) Recites gr-br. Kieft to Van
Cortlandt, Sep. 7, 1645. Desc: s. a. preceding instru-
ment.
* Gysbert Op Dyck and William Moris or Morris, although recited
are never found as holders of record in the blocic under consideration.
LOT 8
1647
Gr-br. to Harmen Myndertsen Van Bogaert. (GG: Mch. 16
190.) Desc: A cert, lot lying E. from the Company's
five hos.; its br. on the S. side on the street is 5 r., 3 ft.,
3 ins.; on the E. side 9 r., 18 ins.; on the N. side its br.
IS 4 r., 6 ins.; on the W. side its length next the lot of
Adam Roelantsen is 8 r. and 3 ft.
1649
Deed. Adrian Keyser to Evert Pels.* {Dutch MSS., July 8
III: 39.) Recites "in the year 1648 the Director and
Council offered for sale to the highest bidder the lot
heretofore the property of Harmen Myndersen van de
Bogaert . . . bounded on the W. by the lot of Adam
Roelantsen, and on the E. by that of Oloff Stevensen."
Adriaen Keyser purchased it, and is now confirmed in it,
this 8th July, 1649. On the same date, said Adriaen
Keyser transports and makes over the above lot to Evert
Pels.
* Evert Pels herein acts for wid. of Van der Bogaert, as is abun-
dantly evident from transactions following.
1652
Deed. Jan Labatie to Jan Gillisen Verbrugge. (HH: Sep. 22
2.) Desc: A ho. and lot situated next to Oloff Steven-
sen, m br. on the St., 2 r., 5 ft., 8 ins.; in the rear, on the
N., 2 r., I}4 ft.; in the length, 8 r., 3 ft.
1653
Deed. Jacob Van Kouwenhoven, atty. for Jan Oct. 15
Gillissen Van Brugge, to Isaac de Foreest. (HH: 50.)
Desc: s. a. preceding instrument-
1054
Deed. Jan Labatie, who m. the wid. of H. M. Van Aug. 19
Bogaert, to Paulus Schrick. Not found of record, but
recited in instrument set forth below.
THE DUTCH GRANTS
379
i6s5
Sep. II Deed. Paulus Schrick to Gillls Verbrugge and Com-
pany. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 29.) Desc: Lot E.
of Fort Amsterdam, bet. ho. and lot on E. side Isaac de
Foreest, on W. side Skipper W. Tomassen; S. side, St.
Is br. in front on st. or S. side, 2 r., 5 ft., 6 ins. Beginning
from eaves of I. d'Foreest where he can conveniently
break off his eaves and also must leave the drip of 7 ins.
to lot of W. Tomassen as same is at present set off by
Surveyors by virtue of deed Aug. 19, 1654 granted to
him by Jan Labatie who m. wid. of H. M. Van Bogert.
Recites gr-br. Mch. 16, 1647; sale on Mch. 10, 1655 by
J. L. Verbrugge.
LOT 9
1643
Aug. 7 Gr-br. to Adam Roelantsen. (GG: 86.) Desc: Lot
for a ho. and garden lying E. of Arent de Smit, extending
along the road 7 r., 9 ft., 7 ins.; further, 8 r., 2 ft., 8 ins,,
3 gr., and further to the garden of Philip Geraerdy,
4 r., 2 ft., 3 ins.; and along his said garden 5 r., with a
projecting point on his said lot, for the ho., besides his
said lot; in length to the first starting point, i r., 9 ft.,
4 ins.
1646
Dec. 2 Deed. Adam Roelantsen to Govert Aertsen. (Dutch
MSS., II: 153.) Desc: Ho. and lot standing and
situate next to Philip Geraerdy's lot and in virtue of the
patent granted to Adam Roelantsen, dated Aug. 7, 1643.
1656
July 28 Deed. Johannes Pieter Verbrugge, agent of Dirckie
Van Galen, wid. of Willem Tomassen, deceased, to Gillis
Verbrugge & Co. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 60.) Desc:
P. o. lot E. of ho. of W. Tomassen, deed., W. of lot con-
veyed by Schrick to G. Verbrugge & Co., Sep. 11, 1655;
S. side, front on St., 2 r,, i ft., 3 ins.; N. side, such br.
that entire lot with what is conveyed by Schrick afsd.
is in br. 4 r. long, as well on E. as W. side, 8 r., 3 ft.
Also 6 foot passageway. Same as gr-br. Aug. 7, 1643
and deed Aug. 17, 1649; recites power of atty., Mch. 10,
1656.
1657
Apl. 26 Deed. Johannes Pietersen Verbrugge, agent of
Dirckie Van Galen, wid. of Willem Tomassen, to Jeroni-
mus Ebbingh. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 93.) Desc:
Ho. and lot bet. ho. and lot of M. de Vos, on W. and
Verbrugge's newly built ho. on the E. side; S. side, front
on St., 2 r., I ft., including y^ alley way on E. side; N., in
rear, 2 r., i>^ ft.; long on E. and W. sides S^ r. ; according
to sale dated Apl. 26, 1657 at public auction and in virtue
of power of atty. of Mch. 10, 1656.
1666
Feb. 9 Conf Governor Nicolls to Jeronimus Ebbing. (Pats.
Alb., IV: 5.) Recites transport by Johannes Pietersen
van Brugh, atty. for Dirckie van Galen (then pro-
prietor) to Ebbing, dated June 4, 1657. Desc: On Stone
St., lying bet. the ho. of Mattheus de Vos on the W. side
and the brick ho. late belonging to the Van Brugges on
the E. side; cont'g in br. on the S. side towards the st.
2 r., I ft. (comprehending one-half the gate which lies
in common betwixt them and the afsd. brick ho.); on
the N. side, 2 r., i ft., 6 ins., and in length on the E. and
W. sides, 8 r., 9 ins.
1653
Oct. 15 Deed. Pieter Wolfertsen Van Couwenhoven, Creditor
of Claes Jansen Rust, to Philip Geraerdy. (HH: 62.)
Desc: A lot lying at the place where the Wooden Horse
hangs out right opposite to the Shop St. (Winckel St.)
in br. on the S. or street side, 3 r., 3 ft.; on the E., 3 r.,
6 ins.; on the N. 3 r., 3 ft.; on the W. 2 r., 2 ft., 8 ins.
1668
Feb. 18 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Maria Paulett, wid. of
Philip Geraerdy. (Pats. Alb., II: 174.) Recites trans-
port Pieter Wolferts to Philip Geraerdy, Oct. 15, 1653 Feb. 18
of a cert, lot in the Brewers or Stony st. over against
that formerly known by the name of the Winckel st.
And whereas Arent Van Hattem did likewise, upon Sep.
27, 1653, transport unto said Philip Geraerdy a cert,
piece of a lot otherwise a passage or going between lying
betwixt the said Philip Geraerdy's and Theunis Thomas-
sen, which said lot and passage are found to contain
before on S. side, 45 ft.; on W. side 3 or 4 ft.; from whence
stretching out 10 ft. it makes further on the said W. side
6 r. ; on the E. side, 9 r., 4 ft. and on the N. side, 4 r.,
9 ft.; now Philip Geraerdy being deed, and Maria
Paulett is his wid. and relict and John Geraerdy his son,
Confirms, &c.
LOT 10
1643
Gr-br. to Philip Geraerdy. Not found of record, but July 13
recited in conf. set forth below.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Maria Paulett. (Pats. Feb. 14
Alb., II: 169.) Recites Maria Paulett and son John
Geraerdy are confirmed, they being respectively wid.
and son of Philip Geraerdy, deed.
Recites gr-br. Kieft to Philip Geraerdy. Desc: E.
of Fort betwixt Arent the Smith and Adam Roelants.
Cont'g in br. before, 2 r., i ft.; in length, 2 r., 5 ft.;
then striking out behind Adam Roelants, with a three-
angled crooked corner, 3 r., 6 ft. and 6 ins. it goes fur-
ther alongst by the garden; it's in br. 4 r., 7 ft. 5 ins.;
and then it runs by Arent Smith's to the lot belonging
to the ho., 4 r., 2 ft., where there runs out another
little corner or hook near to the Fort, of i r., 5 ft.
[should read 2 r., 5 ft.] and then further to the ho., 3
r., 3 ft.; in all amtg. to 42 r., 6 ft., 8 ins. Recites date
of gr-br. as July 13, 1643.
1655
Deed. Jan Geraardt to Joost Teunissen Van Norden. Jan. II
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: no, date of record being Nov.
16, 1657.) Desc: His cert. ho. belonging to him by
patrimonial property, with all that is thereon and therein,
earth and nail fast &c. situate within this city where the
wooden horse hangs out (i. e., at the Sign of the Wooden
Horse, Tr.) being a cake ho. (Koeckhuys) extending in
br. from the corner of the Heere St. 2 r., I ft. to a cert,
clapboard bldg., E. of the said ho., inclusive and in
length to the clapboards at the beginning of the garden
of the purchaser's mother, who is enclosed, allotted and
located there next; and in the rear and between him and
her remain 22 running ft. open.; according to bill of sale
Jan. II, 1655; gr-br. July 16, 1649.
1658
Deed. Joost Teunissen Van Norden to Jacob May 30
Hendricksen Varrevanger. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.:
129.) Desc: Ho. and lot N. of Brouwer Straat, where
the wooden horse hangs out from it (i. e. at the sign of
the Wooden Horse), being a corner house. W. side, long
7 r., 3K ft.; S. side, br., 2 r., 6}4 h> E. side, long 9 r.,
4K ft.; N. side, br. 4 r., 4^ ft.; recites bill of sale Mch. 4,
1657; deed May 5, 1655; deed, Nov. 16, 1657.
LOT II
1645
Gr-br. to Isaac De Foreest. (GG: 119.) Desc: A Sep. 5
cert, lot of land for a ho. and garden, lying on the W.
side of the lot of Philip Geraerdy; its br. on the S. side
is 2 r., ; ft.; on the W. side, 4 r., i ft.; and on the E. side,
5 r., 9 ft. (On the N. side of this lot there is an alley or
passage-way in length 3 r., 9 ft., 4 ins.; in br., 4 ft.;
it lies bet. the lots of the afsd. Geraerdy and Teunis
d'Metselaer, and extends till to the entrance or passage-
way of the garden of this lot;) and extends from the said
passage-way S. i r., 7 ft., 8 ins.; its length on the S. side
38o
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Sep. 5 is 10 r., 8 ft., to the lot of Jan Cornelissen; next the lot
of said Cornelissen or on the E. side, the br. is 5 r., 3 ft.,
3 ins.; on the N. side its length is 10 r., 4 ft.; its br. on
the W. side toward the S. is 2 r., 3 ft., 4 ins.; toward the
E. (W. .'), I r., 4 ft., 2 ins.; towards the S., I r., 3 ft., 8 ins.,
aratg. in all to 67 r., 8 ft., 8 ins.
1654
July 14 Deed. Isaac de Foreest to Arent van Hattem. Not
found of record, but recited in instrument set forth below.
165s
May 5 Deed. Wilhelm Beeckman, atty. for Arent Van
Hattem, to Joost Teunissen van Norden. (Lib. A,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 13.) Desc: A cert, lot with the bldgs.,
situate within this said city on the E. side of Ft.
Amsterdam, bounding N'wards [of] the ho. and lot that
Joost Teunissen hath purchased of Jan Geraerdy and
Southwards [of] the alleyway of Teunis the IVIason's lot;
is br. on the S. side, 2 r., 5 ft.; on the W. side 4 r., I ft.;
on the E. side, 5 r., 9 ft., except the alleyway on the N.
side. Recites deed Isaac de Foreest to Arent van
Hattem, July 14, 1654.
LOT 12
Note: Before the date of the grant to Philipsen this
piece of land formed part of the Highway. This explains
the description of Geraerdy's ho. as a "corner ho."
The lot was alleged to have been granted to Joost
Teunissen by the Burgomasters and to Jacob Hendrick-
sen Varrevanger by Stuyvesant. A long controversy
ensued {Rec. N. Am., II: 326; VII: 163, 164) but the
following ground-brief was finally issued:
1658
Feb. 9 Gr-br. to Frederick Philipsen. (HH-2: 94.) Desc:
A lot for a ho. and garden in the city, at IVIarketfield,
next lot of Mr. Jacob Varrevanger, whereon Jacob de
Backer now lives, in br. on S., 27 ft. (wood measure); on
N., 1 r.; in length on W., 6 r., 9 ft.; on E., 7 1., 2 ft.,
6 ins. (wood measure).
BLOCK E
LOT I
1646
May 12 Gr-br. to Sybout Claesen. Not found of record, but
recited in conf. set forth below.
1649
Aug. 14 Deed. Sybolt Claesen to Joost Teunissen (Van
Naerden). (Dutch MSS., Ill: 53.) Desc: Ho. and lot
opposite the Company's Five Houses, by virtue of a
gr-br. of May 12, 1646.
Note: Evidently Hendrick Willems purchased this ho.
prior to Oct., 1654, for at that date, Joost Teunissen
sued him for the balance due on the payment. (Rec. N.
Am., I; 257.) The deed did not pass until May 12, 1657.
Some time prior to Oct., i66i, Willemsen sold, or, more
probably, leased, the ho. and the bolting mill and other
appurtenances to Hendrick Jansen, a baker. (See rec-
ord of his suit against Jansen in Rec. N. Am., Ill: 372.)
As Willems was confirmed, this sale could not have been
completed.
1667
Aug. 3 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Hendrick Willems. (Pats.
Alb., II: 86.) Recites gr-br. to Sybout Caesen, May 12,
1646; transport by Sybout of his interest to Joost Teu-
nissen van Naarden, Aug. 14, 1649 and by van Naarden
to Hendrick Willems, May 12, 1657. Desc: N. Corner
Winckle St. over against the Five Houses heretofore
belonging to the West India Co.; having on the E. the
street afsd.; on the W. the Fort; on the N. the Brewers
or Stone Street; and on the S. the lot formerly belonging
to Maximilian Van Geel; cont'g in br. and length as in
the gr-br.
LOT 2
1646
Gr-br. to Isaac De Foreest. (GG: 155.) Desc: A Aug. 22
cert, lot lying on the E. side of Ft. Amsterdam, over
against the five stone houses, bet. the lots of Sybolt
Classen and Do. Bogardus; its br. on the E. side is 2 r.;
on the W. side, i r., 9 ft., 2 ins., 6 gr.; its length on the
N. side is 5 r., 5 ft.; its length on the S. side is 5 r., 5 ft.
Amtg. in all to ic r., 7 ft., 7 ins.
1653
Deed. Isaac De Foreest to Hendrick Gerritsen. (HH: Sep. 9
44.) Desc: A ho. and lot bet. the lots of Joost Teunissen
and Annetie Bogardus, in the rear over against Fort
Amsterdam, in br. l}4 r., i ft.; in length on the N.
side, I r., 2^ ft.; on the S. side, i r., 2j4 ft.
Note: Hendrick Gerritsen built on above-described
plot by Mch., 1653. (Rec. N. Am., I: 57, et seq.) By
1654, he had removed to Midwout (Flatbush). (Rec.N.
Am., I: 182, et seq.) As will appear by deeds set forth
below, Maximilian Van Geele comes into possession of the
other parcel of De Foreest's gr-br.; but himself sells out
to the Marckveldt, while adhering nominally to the
dimensions of De Foreest's deed to him.
Deed. Isaac De Foreest to Maximilian Van Geele. Sep. 9
(HH: 45.) Desc: A ho. and lot opposite to the Honor-
able Company's buildings, bet. Joost Teunissen and
Annetie Bogardus.
1658
Deed. Abraham Clocq, empowered by Maximilian Feb. 6
Van Geel, to Warnaer Wessels. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y.
Co.: 121.) Maximilian Van Geel's ho. and lot, &c.,
bounded E. by the Winckel Straat, 2 r.; S. by ho. and
lot of Warnaer Wessels, 4 r., 2 ft., 5 ins.; W. by 't Marck-
velt, I r., 9 ft., 2 ins.; N. by ho. and lot of Hendrick the
Baker, 4 r., 2 ft., 5 ins., with passage-way of 4 ft., 2 ins.
on W. side, as measured by J. Cortelyou. Recites public
sale; gr-br.; power of atty. No dates given.
1660
Deed. Warnaer Wessels to Frerick Gysbersen. (Lib. Feb. 14
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 186.) Desc: Ho. and lot W. of
Winckel Straet, bounded E. by Winckel St., 2 r.; S. by
ho. and lot of Warnaer Wessels, 4 r., 2 ft., 5 ins.; W. by
Marckvelt, i r., 9 ft., 2 ins.; N. by ho. and lot of H. Wil-
lemsen, 4 r., 2 ft., ; ins. With passage-way of 4 ft.,
2 ins., on W. side. Deed recited of Feb. 2 (sic), 1658.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Frederick Gisbert. (Pats. Nov. 30
Alb., II: 135.) Recites gr-br. to de Foreest, Aug. 22,
1646. Transport to Wessells, Feb. 6, 1658; Wessels to
Gisbert, Feb. 14, 1660. Desc: E. of Fort over against
the Five Houses, bet. Sybolt Claesen and Bogardus.
LOT 3
Prior to 1647
Gr-br. to Everardus Bogardus. Not found of record.
1657 •■
Deed. Govert Loockermans, by virtue of a power of Nov. 14
attorney from Anna Jans, wid. of E. Bogardus, to
Warnaer Wessels. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 107.)
Desc: Anna Jans's ho. and lot opposite the 5 houses,
bounded N. by I. de Foreest; S. by R. Bottelaer, extend-
ing in br. in front on St., bet. both hos. 26 ft., deduct-
ing the drop; in rear, 24 ft. wide; length s. a. other lots,
according to bill of sale Dec. 23 and in virtue of gr-br.
Deed. Warnaer Wessels to Frederick Gisbert. Not
found of record, but recited in conf. set forth below.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Frederick Gisbert. (Pats. Nov. 30
Alb., II: 135.) Recites transports Warnaer Wessells to
above; also Govert Loockermans to Wessells. Desc: W.
side Winckel St.; bounded N. side Isaac de Foreest; S.
side, Robert Bottelaer.
THE DUTCH GRANTS
381
LOT 4
1647
Mch. 12 Gr-br. to Robert Bottelaer. (GG: 176.) Desc: A
cert, lot lying on the Island of Manhattans, bounded on
the S. side by Joris Horns [George Holmes); on the N.
side by Everhardus Bogardiis; its br. in front of the
public street (Heeren Straet) 2 r., 43^ ft.; its length 5 r.,
7 ft.; in front and in rear of equal br.
Deed. Robert Bottelaer to Casper Steymets. Not
found of record; but Steymets conveys as follows:
' 1657
Aug. 22 Deed. Casper Steymets to Pieter Jacobsen Buys.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 100.) Desc: Ho. and lot on
Heere Straet (where) the Company's store is, bounded
S. by Geo. Holmes; W. by Fort and Highway; N. by
wid. of Preacher E. Bogardus; E. by Heere Straet, and
such length and br. as was granted by Director General
&c. to Robert Bottelaer, Mch. 12, 1647. Refers to
contract, 1656.
1663
Nov. 4 Deed. Symon Jansen Romeyn, Atty. of Creditors of
Pieter Jacobsen Buys, to Mighiel Muyden. (Lib. B,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 27.) Recites deed Aug. 22, 1657; s. a.
gr-br. Mch. 12, 1647. Desc: Ho. and lot W. of Winckel
Straat, bounded N. by ho. and lot of F. Gysbersen van
den Bergh; E. by st. afsd.; S. by ho. and lot of heirs of
Geo. Holmes; W. by the Marckvelt. Front on St. or E.
side, 2 r., 4K ft.; long, 5 r., 7 ft.; rear like br.
LOT 5
1646
Apl. 23 Gr-br. to George Homs. (GG: 143.) Desc: A cert,
lot for a ho. and garden, lying E. of the Fort, bet. the
Company's storehouses and the Fort; on the S. end of
the lot of Jan Haes, its br. in front on the E. side is 2 r.;
its length on the N. side is 5 r., 5 ft.; its br. behind on
the side of the P'ort, 2 r.; its length on the S. side, J r.,
5 ft.; amtg. in all to 1 1 r.
Note: This parcel still in possession of the Holmes
heirs in 168 1. (Lib. 12, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 50.)
LOT 6
The Five Houses.
The Five Houses of the West India Company were
built prior to 1638. They were on the Winckel Straet
and were confiscated, with other property of the Com-
pany at the English conquest.
1680
Oct. 15 Patent. Governor Andros to Philip Welles. (Pats.
Alb., V: 8.) Desc: On S. side of the Stony Street,
bounded on E. by ground of Capt. Anthony Brockholes
and stretches S. 10° W'ly, 61 ft. and 6 ins.; and then in a
line W. 7° N'ly 23 ft. and then N. 10° E'ly 61 ft., 6 ins.
to the said Stony street; and then in a line with the
buildings in said street E. 7° S'ly to the corner of the said
Capt. Brockholes' ground, 23 ft. Cont'g in front, 23 ft.
and in length 6l>^ ft. and in the rear, 23 ft., being part
of the ground of the Five Houses belonging to his Royal
Highness.
Dec. 6 Patent. Governor Andros to Capt. Anthony Brock-
holes. (Pats. Alb., V: 5.) Desc: S. of Stony Street
beginning at the corner of Christian Peters's ho. and
stretches S. 3° W. 6i>^ft. to the bounds or fence of
Peter Jansen and from thence W. 7° N. 34 ft. in the rear;
and from thence N. 10° E'ly 6l'A ft.; and from thence,
with the range of the buildings in Stony street E. 7°
S'ly to the corner of Christian Peters afsd., 27 ft., 5 ins.;
there belonging to the ho. of Christian Peters 7 ins. of
ground for droppings. Cont'g in the front, 27 ft., 5 ins.;
in length, 6iyi h. and in the rear 34 ft., being part of
the ground of the Five Houses belonging to his Royal
Highness. Consideration £50.
Patent. Governor Andros to Stephanus Cortland. Dec. 15
(Pats. Alb., V: 9.) Desc: N. side Bridge street,
bounded on the E. by John Darvall and stretches N. 10°
E. 6i],4 ft. to the rear of Philip Wells and in rear W. 7° '^'-'
N. 23 ft. and then S. 10° W'ly to Bridge St. afsd., 61K
ft. and so by the range of the said street, E. 7° S'ly 23 ft.
Cont'g in front 23 ft. in length, 6i>2 ft. and in rear,
23 ft., being part of the ground of the Five Houses
belonging to his Royal Highness.
Patent. Governor Andros to John Darvall. (Pats. Dec. i;
Alb., V: 9.) Desc: N. side of Bridge Street and bounded
on the E. side by the ho. and ground of Peter Johnson
and stretching N. 2° E'ly 6i>^ ft. to the rear of Capt.
Brockholes's ground and in the rear by the same line,
W. 7° N'ly 18K ft. and from thence S. 10° W'ly 6i>^ ft.
and then ranging with the buildings on Bridge street,
E. 7° Southerly 26 ft.; there belonging to the ho. of Peter
Johnson 7 ins. of ground for droppings; cont'g in front
26 ft.; in length 6i}i h. and in rear 18K ft- being part
of the ground of the Five Houses belonging to his Royal
Highness.
LOT 7
Land of the Company's Brewery and the Fiscal's
Kitchen.
Note: The Company's Brewery is first mentioned in
the grant to Pieter Cornelissen, Oct. 24, 1646 (see Lot
11). In the transport from Pieter Cornelissen to Jacob
Hendricksen Kip, Mch. 20, 165 1 the lot is recited as land
"where the Honorable Company's brewery formerly
hath stood"; the Kitchen of the Fiscal and other offices
are recited in the grant to Van Linden (Lot 8). The
Brugh Steegh, which at first was only a lane to the
Brewery (Lot 9) was, in 1658, continued through to
Brugh Straat, almost obliterating the grant to Abraham
Planck (Lot 10).
LOT 8
1646
Gr-br. to Peter Van Linden. (GG: 139.) A cert. Mch. 23
lot for a ho. lying on the Island of Manhattans S'ward
(and) close to the Fiscal's Kitchen; Westward to the
privy of the Predicant (preacher); its br. on the E. end
is 2 r., 3 ft.; its length on the N. end against the kitchen
afsd., I r., 6 ft., 5 ins.; on the W. side its length is 2 r.,
3 ft.; on the S. side its br. is i r., 8 ft.; amtg. in all to 4 r.,
I ft., 5 ins.
1655
Deed. Pieter Van der Linden to Andries Hoffen. Nov. 11
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 32.) Lot E. of the Com-
pany's Five Houses; W. of Hendrick Kip; S. of and close
to the old Fiscal's Kitchen. Recites gr-br. set forth
above.
Note: This lot lay, generally speaking, E. of the Five
Houses and W. of Kip. It was not immediately adjacent
to either of them.
LOT 9
(The Brugh Steegh)
LOT 10
1647
Gr-br. to Abraham Planck. (GG: 187.) Desc: A Mch. 14
cert, lot for a ho. lying on the Island of Manhattan,
bounded on the E. by Hendrick Kip's and on the W. by
Pieter Van der Linden's; it extends on the br. or in front
on the S. side i 1% r. in length, next to Pieter Vander
Linden's 5 -fo r., in the rear or on the N. side on Pieter
Cornelissen's lot, in br. i -fa r.; its length next to the lot
of Hendrick Kip is ; t% r.
38:
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
LOT II
1646
Oct. 6-24 Gr-br. to Peter Cornelissen. (GG: 159.) Desc: A
cert, lot for a ho. and garden lying on the Island of
Manahattans and bounded N. by [of] the lots of Hendrick
Kip, Anthony Jansen and Hendrick Smith, extending
mostly E. and W. along the road to the brew-house of the
Company, 11 r., 3J^ ft,; from this road or the corner of
the brew-ho. in a southern direction in br. ^}4 r.; from
the said road to the corner of Kip's palisades its nett br.
4 r.; on the E. end its br. is I r., 6}4 ft. It is hereby
reserved that in case the Director and Council should
hereafter wish to make the said road wider, the said
Pieter Cornelissen shall permit this to be done without
any claim.
165 1
Mch. 20 Deed. Pieter Cornelissen to Jacob Hendricksen Kip.
{Dutch MSS., Ill: 75.) Desc: Lot to N. of Hendrick
Kip, Anthony Jansen and Hendrick Jansen, bounding
on the W. end up to the hook where the Honorable Com-
pany's brewery formerly hath stood, according to the
gr-br.
1658
July 27 Deed. Hendrick H. Kip to Casper Stymensen.
(Dutch MSS., Ill: 142.) Recites gr-br. dated Apl. 28,
1643. Desc: Lot S. side Brewer Street, bounded on the
E. by Jan Jansen van St. Obin; on the S. by the ho. and
lot belonging to the grantor; on the W. by Bridge lane
(de brugh steegh); on the N. by the Brewer street; in the
length and br. according to J. Cortelyou: N. Side, 29^^
ft.; S. side, 24 ft.; W. side, 51 ft., E. side, 49 ft.
Note: This is partly out of H. H. Kip's grant and
partly from Cornelissen's grant.
1667
Sep. 17 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jacob Kip. (Pats. Alb.,
II: 104.) Recites gr-br. to Pieter Cornelissen, Oct. 24,
1646. Transport of gr-br. by Cornelissen to Kip. Desc:
To the Northwards of lots of Hendrick Kip, Anthony
Jansen and Hendrick Smith; stretching about E. and W.
along the highway to the brewhouse heretofore of the
W. I. Co., II r., 3 ft., 6 ins.; alongst the said way to the
hook or corner where the Brew Ho. stood; southwards in
br. 4V2 r. from the said way to the corner of Kip's fence;
in br. exact 4r.; at the E. end in br. 1 r., 6 ft., 6 ins.;
with a reserve to make the highway broader upon
occasion.
1660
June 28 Deed. Jacob Kip to Jacob Strycker. (Lib. A, Deeds,
N. Y. Co.: 223.) Desc: One-half part of ho. and lot
S. of Brouwer Straat; bounded E. by ho. and lot of Isaac
Kip, Sen'r; W. by ho. and lot of Jan Jansen Van St. Obin;
bounded N. by the street. Measured by J. Cortelyou,
May 24, 1660; N. side, beginning at fence bet. ho. of J.
Kip to j/2 common passage of J. Jansen Van St. Obin
32 ft., I in.; S. side, 35 ft.; long on W. side, 44 ft., 4 ins.;
E. side, 34J^ ft. on which length it widens on lot of Isaac
Kip I ft., 7 ins., thence forward, 9 ft., 9 ins., making
together 44 ft., 3^2 ins. Recites deed, Mch. 20, 1651.
LOT 12
1643
Apl. 28 Gr-br. to Hendrick Hendricksen Kip. (GG: 57.)
Desc: A lot lying E. of the fort in length 7 r., I ft., 4 ins.
and 9 gr.; on the side of William Heyl, 5 r.; an out-point
of land, I r., i ft., i gr.; further 3 r. in the rear in br.
6 r., 5 ft., 4 ins. and 9 gr., amtg. in all to an uneven
square of 44 r., 4 ft., 6 ins. and 9 gr.
1667
Sep. 17 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Hendrick Hendricksen
Kipp. (Pats. Alb., II; 103.) Recites gr-br. to Kip,
dated Apl. 28, 1643. Desc: To E. of I'ort, cont'g in
length 7 r., i ft., 4 ins.; in br. before the ho., 4 r,, 4 ft.,
4 ins., 4gr.; on the side towards Wm. Keyler (Heyl), Sep. 17
5 r., with an angle or out-hook of i r., i ft. and i gr.;
then further 3 r.; behind, in br., 6 r., 5 ft., 4 ins., 9 gr.
LOT 13
Note: This lot seems to have been originally in the
possession of William Heyl but was not granted to him.
1643
Gr-br. to Abraham Jacobsen Van Steenwyck. Not Nov. 14
found of record, but recited in conf. set forth below.
1644
Deed. Abraham Jacobsen Van Steenwyck to Anthony May 24
Jansen Van Fees. Desc: A portion of the lot in the
afsd. transport mentioned, cont'g 17 r., 6 ft., 2 ins. and
S gr., being the most W'ly part of the lot of Abraham
Jacobsen, where the lot of Hendrick Kip lies W'ward of
it, extending in br. in front of the ho. of Anthony Jansen,
2 r., 5 ft. and 4 ins.; on the E. side, its length is 9 r., 5 ins.,
its br., for the length of i r. and 7 ft. measured on the W.
side is 2 r., 3 ft. and 7 ins.; for the length of 5 r., 2 r.,
4 ft. and 4 ins.; for the same length being an inward
point (angle), i r., 3 ft., 7 ins.; for the length of 8 r.*
(being the N. end of the lot of Anthony Jansen afsd.),
1 r., 3 ft., 7 ins., 5 gr., amtg. in all to the afsd. 17 r., 6 ft.,
2 ins., s gr.
* Should read 3 r.
Deed. Abraham Jacobsen Van Steenwyck to Hend- Oct. 4
rick Jans, "slootmaker." Not found of record, but
recited in conf. set forth below.
Deed. Hendrick Janse Smit to Isaac Kip. (Lib. A, Sep. 4
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: loi.) Desc: Lot next to ho. in
which Isaac Kip resides, measured by City Surveyor,
J. Cortelyou July 11 last and cont'g long on S. side, 3 r.,
1 ft., 2 ins.; N. side, equal length; W. on W. side, i r.,
2 ft., 6 ins.; E. side, i r., 8 ft., 5 ins. Recites gr-br. to ^
Steenwyck.
1668
Conf Governor Nicolls to Annetie Gerritsen. (Pats. Feb. 14
Alb., II: 168.) Recites gr-br. to Abraham Jacobsen van
Steenwyck, dated Nov. 14, 1643 (supra). Jacobsen
conveyed same, Oct. 4, 1644, to Hendrick Jans, sloot-
maker, who being deed., his wid. is confirmed as Annetie
Gerritsen.
1656
Deed. Anthony Jansen Van Vaes to Isaack Kip. Nov. 21
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co. : 80.) P. o. lot S. side of I. Kip's
land bet. lots of H. Jansen Smith and Jacob Kip, lying
in rear of lot of first party where formerly a part or an
oblique strip of about 3 or 4 ft. was taken off on which one
end of Isaac Kip's ho. stands; in compensation or pay-
ment for which so much is again taken and given to A.
Jansen by H. Kip, St.; is br. both in rear aginst I. Kip's
ho. and against A. Jansen's lot, bet. I. Kip and H.
Jansen's lots, I r., 3 ft., 7 ins. and long on both E. & W.
sides where the ho. of I. Kip now stands, i r., i ft., 8 ins. ;
recites by virtue deed Steenwyck to A. Jansen Van
Vaes, May 24, 1644 (supra).
Note: There is no record of the dimensions of the
lot sold by Abraham Jacobsen Van Steenwyck to
Hendrick Jansen for the deed is not found and the con-
firmation which recites it, gives no figures: but, after
sale by Jansen to Kip (see Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.:
loi) his wid., Annetie, is informed by the Magistrates
that she is occupying more ground than she owns and
has sold land to Kip that was not hers. On the same day
(Feb. 28, 1658) Hendrick Willemsen is also informed that
his lot measures more than the gr-br. calls for. He
acquiesces; and as Annetie Smit cannot afford to buy
the surplus, he agrees to do so. (Rec. N. Am., VII:
175-176.)
THE DUTCH GRANTS
383
LOT 14
1647
Apl. IS Gr-br. to Tonis Kray. (GG: 214.) Desc: A cert,
lot for a ho. and garden lying along the Common Ditch
N. of the lot of Michel Picet; its br. on the ditch or on
the E. end is 4 r., 5 ft., 7 ins. and 5 gr.; in the rear or on
the W. side its br. is 4 r., i ft., 9 ins. and 9 gr.; on the S.
side next the lot of Michel Picet, 3 r., i ft., 8 ins., amtg.
in all to 14 r., 6 ft., 6 ins. and 6 gr.
1656
Oct. 5 Deed. Pieter Schabanck, agent of Tonas (or Teunis)
Kray, to Solomon La Chair. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co. :
74.) Desc: Lot W. of the Graft, bounded N. by the St.,
3 r., 6 ft., 4 ins.; E. by the St., 2 r., 3 ft., 2 ins.; W. by L
Kip and H. Jansen, 2 r., i ft., Syi ins.; S. by G. Van Im-
broeck and Kray and by div. line being ^ gate and yi
well, 3 r. and 4 ft., according to measure by Court Mes-
senger, Sep. 26 last.
1658
Apl. 27 Deed. Teunis Kray to Solomon La Chair. (Lib. A,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 127.) Desc: Ho. and lot W. of Heere
Graft; bounded N. by Brouwers Straat; E. by the graft
afsd.; S. by ho. and lot of Teunis Kray; W. by ho. and
lot of L Kip, extending on S. side to centre of gate of
passage-way and of the well and further as rear fence lies,
according to bill of sale Nov. i8, 1655, when ho. was
purchased. Gr-br. recited as of Apl. 15, 1647 {supra).
1660
Jan. 12 Deed. Teunis Cray to OlofF Stevensen Cortland.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 180.) Ho. and lot W. of
Heere Graght, bounded S. by the ho. and lot of P.
Schabanck and S. J. Romeyn, 3 r., 6 ft., 5 ins.; W. by ho.
and lot of L Kip, 30 ft., 4 ins.; N. by the Brouwers
Straat, 3 r., 8 ft., 8 ins.; E. by the said Graght, 29 ft.,
4 ins. Br. in front on St. or E. side, according to measure-
ment of J. Cortelyou, Dec. 17, 1660 (sic), 29 ft., 4 ins.
Gr-br. recited (supra).
1667
Aug. 12 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Oloff S. Van Cortlandt.
(Pats. Alb., II: 93.) Recites transport dated Jan. (12)
1660, Teunis Cray to OlofF Stevensen Van Cortlandt.
Desc: s. a. preceding instrument.
1656
Mch. 2 Deed. Teunis Kraey to Peter Schabanck and Gysbert
Van Imbroeck. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 37.) Desc:
Ho. and lot W. side of the Graft, bet. the ho. and lot on
S. side H. de Backer. N. side, S. La Chair; W. side, H.
Smith; E. side, the street, according to purchase made
Jan. 20 last by parties of second part. Br. in front on
St. or E. side, from K the passage or place bet. both the
hos. and lot of Hendrick the baker, where K the drop
remains 2 r. and 6 ins. Rear, on W. side, from l4 well
unto Hendrick the Baker's, 2 r., z'/i ft.; long on W. bet.
S. La Chair and from '2 the passage to ^2 the well,
3 r., 4 ft. and 3 ins. Long on S. side, by Hendrick the
Baker, 3 r., i ft., Sins.; according to gr-br. to Kray,
Apl. 15, 1647.
1657
Nov. 8 Deed. Gysbert Van Imbroeck to Isaac de Foreest.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 105.) Desc: undivided }4
part of above described premises.
1658
Feb. 13 Deed. Isaac De Foreest to Simon Jansen (Romeyn).
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 124.) Same undivided in-
terest conveyed.
1660
Dec. I Deed. Pieter Schaafbanck to Symon Jansen Romeyn.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 198.) Conveys undivided
yi interest in same premises.
1661
Feb. I Deed. Symon Jansen Romeyn and Pieter Schaufbanck
to Teunis Cray. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 199.) Desc:
Lot W. of Heere Graght, bounded S. by lot of H. W. Feb. i
Backer 3 r., 3 ft.; W. by lot of H. Jansen Smith, 9 ft.,
Sins.; N. by ho. and lot of Romeyn, 3 r., 3 ft.; E. by
Graght, 10 ft. Measured by J. Cortelyou, Dec. 22, 1660.
Recites deeds, Mch. 2, 1656, Feb. 13, 1658.
1667
Conf Governor Nicolls to Laurens Vander Spiegel. June 6
(Pats. Alb., II: 42.) Recites transport by Symon Jansen
Romeyn to above Vander Spiegel, Mch. 15, 1667. Desc:
On W. side of the Moate or ditch, commonly called the
Heere Graft, having to the S. Teunis Craey; W. the
ground hereafter named; N. Oloff Stevens (Van Cort-
landt); E. the Graft; cont'g in br. on the E. side, 17 ft.,
7 ins.;W. side, 18 ft., 5 ins.; in length on the S. side, 3 r.,
3 ft.; on the N. side, 3 r., 5 ft.; and a small slip on both
sides of 7 ins. Together with another lot of ground to
theW. of the lot aforenamed, to the S. of Lucas Dircksen,
where the Signe of the Fort Orange hangs out, being in
length and br. on the S.W. side, 38 ft., wood measure;
on the N.E. side, 37 ft.; and on the N.W. and S.E. sides,
18 ft., 9 ins.
LOT 15
1642
Gr-br. to Jan Pietersen and Abraham Rycken. (GG: Nov. 20
56.) Desc: One lot bounded on the W. by Mr. Heyl,
extending mostly N. 5 r., 3 ft. and mostly E., 2* r.,
8 ins., 5 gr., amtg. in the contents of said lot to 15 r. and
Sgt-
*Read 3 rods; cf. Cray's grant on the N.
1643
Deed. Jan Pietersen and Abraham Rycken to Michel Apl. 4
Picet or Picquet. {Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch: 21, 23,
366.) Desc: A ho. E. of Ft. Amsterdam, next door to
the ho. of Wm. Heyl or Hill.
Note: This ho. Picquet leases to Teunis Cray on Aug.
28, 1643. — Idem.
1667
Conf. Governr Nicolls to Hendrick Willems. (Pats. Aug. 3
Alb., II: 87.) Recites gr-br. to Jan Pietersen van
Amsterdam and Abraham Rycken; deed dated Apl. 8,
1643 (confiscated 1647 and exposed to sale; bought by
Adriaen Keyser; that the said Adriaen Keyser trans-
ported all his right, &c. to Hendrick Willems, Feb. 6,
1649). Desc: Lot having W'ward the land of Heyl,
stretching mostly N. 5 r., 3 ft. and E'ly 2 r., 8 ins.,
5 gr. [an error: should read 3 r.]; in all amtg. to 15 r.,
Sgr-
BLOCK F
LOT I
1647
Gr-br. to Hans Kierstede. (GG: 165.) Desc: A lot Jan. 21
lying betwixt the Company's ware-house on the Strand
and the lot of Roelof Jansen; its breadth on the Strand
or S. side i r., 5 ft., 8 ins.; additional length next the lot
of Roelof Jansen, 4 (feet) 9 ins. (Note : should read 4 r.,
9 ft. See gr-br. to Roelof Jansen.) Its br. in the rear
I r., 8 ft.
.1653
Gr-br. to Dr. Hans Kierstede. (HH: 35b.) Desc: July 18
To the lot of Mr. Hans Kierstede at the end thereof, is
added and granted by order of Lord Petrus Stuyvesant,
a small piece [making his lot] in length W. 7 r., 55^2 ft.;
on E., 8 r., 9 ins.; lying bet. the Company's store House
and the lot of Roeloff de Haes.
1656
Gr-br. to Hans Kierstede. Not found of record. Re- Oct. 25
cited and confirmed in conf set forth below: For a small
slip of ground lying on the W. side of said lot the whole
length thereof and containing in br. 4 r. (should
read 4 ft.).
384
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
1668
of
Feb. II Conf. Governor Nicolls to Sara Kiersteed (wid
Hans). (Pats. Alb., II: 161.) Recites and confirms
three preceding gr-brs.
LOT 2
1646
May II Gr-br. to Roelof Jansen (De Haes). (GG: 144.)
Desc: A cert, lot lying on the Island of Manhattan, next
the lot and building of Pieter Cornelissen. It extends in
br. on the S. side i r., 7 ft. and in length next the lot of
the afsd. Pieter Cornelissen, 4 r., and 9 ft.; in the rear
on the N. side its br. is one r. and 7 ft. and on the W.
side, 4 r., 9 ft.
Deed. Roeloff Jansen (de Haes) to Burger Jorisscn.
Not found of record. Recited in Pats. Alb., IV: 14.
'^53 .
July 28 Deed. Burger Jorissen to Ariaen Keyser. (HH: 37.)
Desc: A ho. and lot at the water-side, bet. Mr. Hansen,
surgeon, and Pieter Cornelissen.
Gr-br. to Ariaen Keyser. (HH: 38.) Desc: "a
small piece of a lot" adjoining above premises. See
below.
July 28 Deed. Ariaen Keyser to Cornelys von Steenwyck.
(HH: 38.) Desc: s. a. that of HH: 37; and a small
piece of a lot granted by the Director-General Stuy-
vesant, together on the W. side, 8 r., 9 ins. in length; on
the E. side, 8 r., 9 ft.
1658
Sep. 4 Deed. Cornells Steenwyck to Francis de Bruyn. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 137.) Desc: Ho. and lot at the
water; bounded W. by ho. and lot of Mr. H. Kierstede;
N. by Brugh Straet; E. by ho. and lot of Cornells Steen-
wyck; S. by The Water; measured by J. Cortelyou Oct.
3, 1657 is found long 4 r., 8 ft., 3 ins., br. according to
gr-br.; recites deed July 28, 1653 (supra).
1660
Sep. 16 Deed. Francois de Bruyn to Cornells Steenwyck.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 216.) Desc: Ho. and lot N.
oft Waater; bounded W. by ho. and lot of H. Kierstede;
S. by said Water; E. by ho, and lot of S. Drysius; N. by
ho. and lot of C. Steenwyck; br. according to gr-br.;
long 4 r., 8 ft., 3 ins.; according to Bill of Sale, Aug. 7,
1660; deed, Sep. 4, 1658 (supra).
1666
Mch. II Conf. Governor Nicolls to Cornells Steenwick. (Pats.
Alb., IV: 14.) Recites gr-br. to Roeloff Jansen; deed to
Burger Jorissen; deed, Jorissen to Keyser and Keyser to
Steenwick (supra). Desc: plot of ground within the
city, having a ho. or tenement thereupon, situate and
being in that roe of houses which lyeth along the Strand
towards the East river bet. the ho. and grounds hereto-
fore belonging to Mr. Hans, the Chiriugion and Pieter
Cornelissen, now in the occupation of Cornells Steenwick.
On the S. side toward the water I r., 7 ft.; to the rear,
N. side, the like; in length to the E. side, to the ho. and
ground of Cornelissen, 4 r., 9 ft.; and on the W. side,
4 r. and 9 ft.
LOT 3
1644
Sep. 8 Gr-br. to Pieter Cornelissen (Timmerman). Not
found of record. For recital see conf. Nicolls to Steen-
wick, Pats. Alb., IV: 15.
1658
July 22 Deed. Joannes Nevius, Secretary of City Amsterdam
in New Netherland, to Cornells Steenwick. (Lib. A,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 136.) Recites deed, Mch. 2, 1655, bill
of sale, Jan. 17, 1658. Desc: Ho. and lot at the water
bounded E. by ho. and lot of P. Leendersen (van der
Grift) 8 r.; S. by the water, i r., 7 ft., 3 ins.; W. by ho.
and lot of Steenwick, 8 r., 4 ft.; N. by Brugh Straet, i r.,
7 ft., 3 ins.
1666
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Cornells Steenwick. (Pats. Mch. 11
Alb., IV: 15.) Recites gr-br. to Pieter Cornelissen; deed
to Johannes Nevius; deed, Nevius to Steenwick, July 22,
1658. Desc: Substantially s. a. preceding instrument.
LOT 4
Note: The following conf. is of the land in the rear of
lots I, 2 and 3 (supra).
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Cornelius Steenwick. (Pats. June 25
Alb., II: 54.) Desc: Being at the W. end of the
Bridge St. to the E. of the Fort; cont'g on the E. side,
4 r., 10 Ins.; on the N. side, with the moiety or one-half
of the alley or passage, 5 r., i ft.; on the W. side, 2 r.,
9 ft.; and on the S. side i r., 12 ft.; where striking out to
the S. I r., 8 ft., 4 Ins., it is further in br. alongst the
said S. side, 3 r., 6 Ins.; which said lot or a good part
thereof whereupon the ho. stands, was taken out of three
of the lots adjoining and due consideration given for the
same by Mr. Cornelius Steenwick,
LOT 5
1649
Gr-br. to Paulus Leenders Van der Grift. Not found July 19
of record. Recited in conf. set forth below:
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Paulus Leendertsen Van July 13
der Grift. (Pats. Alb. II: 73.) Recites gr-br., Stuyves-
ant to Van der Grift, dated July 19, 1649, for a cert, lot
lying towards the East river, having to the W. Pieter
Cornelissen; E., ye Pack House heretofore belonging to
ye West India Company. Cont'g in br., 24 ft. ; in length, ^
107 ft.
1671
Conf. Governor Lovelace to Paulus L. Van der Grift. Aug. 12
(Pats. Alb., Ill: 102.) Desc: Towards waterside, ad-
joining on the E. Pack House heretofore belonging to the
West India Company; states that Nicoll's conf. to Van
der Grift omitted the contents of a grant by Stuyvesant
to Van der Grift to have the benefit of the stone wall of
the Pack House, this grant bearing date July 25, 1650.
LOT 6
The Pack-house of the West India Company
Built prior to 1650. See Conf. to Paulus L. Van der
Grift, for recital (supra). Became the Custom House
under the English rule.
LOT 7
1645
Gr-br. to Augustine Heermans. Grant not of record, July 16
but recited in conf. set forth below.
165 1
Deed. Augustine Heermans to Cornells Van Werck- July 17
hoven. Curator of the Estate of Peter Gabry, Dec'd.
(Dutch MSS., Ill: 89.) Desc: According to the gr-br.,
E. of the Company's warehouse, W. of Jacob Haey; on
the S. the East river and the wharf; and on the N. the
public street; 64 ft. long, 28 ft. wide.
1668
Patent. Governor Nicolls to Isaac Bedlow. (Pats. Aug. 22
Alb., Ill: 86.) Recites gr-br. Kieft to Augustine Heer-
mans, July 16, 1645; bet. West India Company and
Thomas Hall, at the river. That Heermans transported
to Daniel Gabry, and that the British confiscated, Oct.
10,1665. Desc: To N., I r., 7 ft., 9 ins.; to E., 7 r.,
3 ft.; to S., I r., 7 ft., 9 ins.; to W. 7 r., 5 ft.
LOT 8
1647
Gr-br. to Thomas Hall. (GG: 219.) Desc: A cert. May
lot lying on the Island of Manhattans; on the W. side by
IS
THE DUTCH GRANTS
38s
May 15 Mr. Augustyns and on the E. side by Mr. Hardenberch;
its br. in front or on the S. side is one r. and J^ of a r.,
2 ft., 4 ins.; its br. in the rear is the same as in front; its
length is 6 r., 4 ins.
1648
Apl. 26 Deed. Thomas Hall to Jacob Haey. Not found of
record, but recited in conf. to Creditors of Van Tien-
hoven, set forth below.
May 13 Deed. Jacob Hey to Cornells Van Tienhoven. (HH:
32.) Desc: A cert. ho. and lot in Manhattan in this
City of New Amsterdam, eastward of Augustyn Her-
mans, westward of Jacob Vervanger, Cherigyn.
1667
Oct. 3 Conf. Governor NicoUs to Creditors and Heirs of
Cornells Van Tienhoven. (Pats. Alb., H: 114.) Recites
patent Kieft to Hall. Deed Hall to Haey; deed Haey
to Van Tienhoven {supra). Desc: Lot towards the
water-side, having on the W. side Augustine Hermans;
on the E. Arnoldus van Hardenbergh; in br. before on
the S. side i r., 8 ft., 4 ins.; behind, the same. In length
on E. and W., 6 r., 4 ins.
LOT 9
1647
Mch. 12 Gr-br. toOloffStevensen Van Cortlandt. (GG: 179.)
Desc: A cert, lot for a ho. and garden situate along the
East river; bounded on the E. by the Company's ho.
and lot; it e.vtends in its length along the said lot, 7 t% r.;
in length along the lot of Thomas Hael (the English
name Hall, C. D. W.) westward 7 r. and to r. (additional
application has been made by the same that the passage-
way of the late church may be stopped up so that this
lot may be enlarged on the said side from i ft. to 2 ft).
1649
I Deed. OlofF S. Van Cortlandt to Arnoldus Van Har-
denbergh. Not found of record. Recited in instruments
set forth below.
1649
16 Deed. Arnoldus van Hardenbergh to Jacob Hendricks
Varravanger. Not found of record. Recited in instru-
ments set forth below.
1655
25 Deed. Jacob Hendricksen Varravanger to Cornells
Van Tienhoven. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 21.) Re-
cites gr-br. to Oloff Stevensen, Mch. 12, 1647; deed,
Stevensen to A. Van Hardenbergh, May i, 1649; deed
Van Hardenbergh to Jacob Hendricks Varravanger, July
18, 1649; amplification by the Director-General to Mr.
Jacob (H. Varravanger) May 14, 1650. Desc: lot on
East river W. of the Company's Ho. and E. of ho. and
lot sold by Thomas Hall to Jacob Hae^'S and by Jacob
Haes {sic) to Van Tienhoven. S. side, i r., 9 ft. }4 in.;
May
July
May
long, 7 -,
1667
Oct. 4 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Creditors, heirs, etc. of
Cornells Van Tienhoven. (Pats. Alb., H: 114.) Con-
firms s. a. above.
LOT ID
The Old Church
Built by Van Twiller, 1633.
1656
June 30 Gr-br. to Jacob Wolphertsen van Couwenhoven,
(HH-2: 58.) Desc: A lot with building thereon called
the Old Church on the Island of Manhattan, within the
City of New Amsterdam, at the East river, opposite
Hendrick Hendricks Kip; being in br. as the same is
lying bet. the ho. of Hendrick Janse Smith (at present
occupied by Jan Perie) and the lane which runs bet.
Cornells van Tienhoven's ho. and the afsd. Old Church
and in length from the range of the st. to the river.
Sep. 8 Deed. Jacob W. Van Couwenhoven to Isack de
Foreest. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 71.) Recites a deed Sep. 8
from the Director-General to Van Couwenhoven, the
last of July past; and according to a sale Sep. i, inst. to
De Foreest, at public auction. Desc: A house and lot
on Strand of East river opposite Hendrick Kip, bet. ho.
of C. van Tienhoven and Jan Perie, called the Old
Church.
Note: Heirs of De Foreest in possession of, and sell-
ing the same lot, with building, in 1682. (Lib. 12,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 93.)
LOT II
1647
Gr-br. to Peter Lourenssen. (GG: 202.) Desc: A Mch. 28
cert, lot situated on the Island of Manhattans over
against the lot of Hendrick Kip, on the public street;
its br. northerly is 2 r., 2 ft.; its br. southerly is i r., 7 ft.,
9 ins.; its length on the W. side is 2 r., 8 ft.; its length on
the E. side is 2 r., 4 ft.
Deed. Pieter Lourens to Hendrick Jansen (Smith). Feb. 4
Not found of record, but recited in conf. set forth below.
1668
Conf Governor Nicolls to Annetie Gerritts. (Pats. May 15
Alb., Ill: 33.) Recites gr-br. to Pieter Lourense, for a
lott, dated Mch. 26, 1647; lying and being over against
the lott then belonging to Hendrick Kip in the High
street, cont'g in br. on the N. side, towards the street,
2 r., 2 ft. and on S. side, i r., 7 ft., 9 ins.; in length on W.
side, 2 r., 8 ft.; and on E. side, 2 r., 4 ft.; said gr-br.
bearing date as afsd., transported by Pieter Lourens to
Hendrick Jansen Smith, 4 Feb., 1647, who being since
deed, and Annetie Gerritts being his wid., said conf is
to her.
LOT 12
1656
Gr-br. to Hendrick Jansen (de Boer). (HH-2: 66.) Sep. 19
Desc: A lot on the Island of Manhattan, City of New
Amsterdam in the rear of the lot of Hendrick Janse
Smith; is in br. on the N. i r., 9 ft.; on the S. bet. Sam
Edsal, hatter, and the Old Church, i r., 4}^ ft.; and on
the E. side, 2)4 r.
1659
Deed. Hendrick Jans De Boer to Joannes De Decker. July 21
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 169.) Desc: Ho. and lot on
the water; bounded W. by ho. and lot of I. De Foreest,
2 r., 414 ft.; N. by ho. and lot of H. J. Smith, i r., 9 ft.;
E. by ho. and lot of S. Etsall, 2}4 r. and S. by water.
Bet. S. Etsall and I. De Foreest, i r., 8 ft. According to
gr-br. Sep. 19, 1656.
1663
Deed. Johan De Decker to Joannes De Witt. (Lib. Oct. i
B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 26.) s. a. above.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Johannes De Witt. (Pats. Apl. 20
Alb., II: 15.) Recites above instruments, by similar
desc. and confirms.
LOT 13
1656
Gr-br. to Samuel Edsall. (HH-2: 55.) Desc: A lot June 20
in City of New Amsterdam bounded on W. by Hendric
Jans Smith and on E. by Nic Backer; is in br. on street
or N. side, 2 r., 3 ft., 2j^ ins.; on S. side, 2 r., 5 ins.; in
length on W. side, 5 r.; and on E. side, 3 r., 5 ft., 5 ins.
1663
Deed. Samuel Etsal to Cornells Steenwyck. (Lib. B, Mch. 21
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 6.) Recites gr-br. June 20, 1656.
Desc: His cert. ho. and lot N. of Water; bounded W. by
ho. and lot of J. de Decker; N. by Brugh Straat; E. by ho.
and lot of N. J. Backer; S. by the Water. On st. or N.
side, 2 r., 3 ft., 2'A ins.; long W. side, 5 r.; E. side, 3 r.,
5 ft., 5 ins.; br., S. side, 2 r., 5 ins.
386
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Mch. 21 The premises in question appear to have been recon-
veyed to Edsall, although no instrument is found of
record. See conf. below;
1668
Jan. 15 Conf. Governor NicoUs to Samuel Edsall. (Pats.
Alb., II: 155.) Recites gr-br. Stuyvesant, June 20,
1656. Desc: Bounded on the W. side by Hendrick
Jansen Smith and E. side by Claes Backers.
LOT 14
1656
May 18 Gr-br. to Nicolaes Backer. (HH-2: 52.) Desc: A
lot in the city of New Amsterdam, adjoining the lot of
Michael Jansen, is in br. on N. or street side, 2 r., 3 ft.
■lyi ins.; on S. side, 2 r., 5 ins. on W., 4 r., 3 ft., 5 ms.
1667
Oct. 25 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Nichoiaes Jans Backer.
(Pats. Alb., II: 133.) Recites gr-br. May 18, 1656.
Desc: s. a. above.
LOT 15
1664
Aug. 3 Gr-br. to Frans Jans Van Hooghten. Not found of
record, but original in possession of N. Y. Hist. Soc
See Collections, 1913: 76.
1668
Feb. 14 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Frans Jans Van Hooghten.
(Pats. Alb., II: 171.) Recites gr-br. above set forth.
Desc: Cert. ho. and lot W. of Hans Draper; E. of
Nicholas Jansen Backer; in br. on N. side, 27 ft., 4 ins.;
on S. side, 27 ft., i in.
LOT 16
1656
June 20 Gr-br. to Hans Dreeper. (HH-2: 54.) Desc: A lot
in the city of New Amsterdam, opposite to Hendrick
Willemsen Baker; is in br. on the street or N. side, 2 r.,
7 ft.; and on S., 2 r., 5 ft.; in length on W., 3 r. and on E.,
2 r., 3 ft., 3 ins.
1667
May 13 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Hans Draper. (Pats. Alb.,
II: 27.) Recites gr-br. June 20, 1656 and confirms
premises s. a. above.
LOT 17
1647
Mch. 12 Gr-br. to Thomas Bacxter. (GG: 180.) Desc: A
cert, lot for a ho. lying on the Island of Manhattans,
eastward from the Company's ho., standing on the East
river over against the ho. of Hendrick Smith; it extends
in br. on the W. side from the Street to Strand, 2 r.,
8yi ft.; on the S. side along the Strand its length is 4}^ r.;
on the E. side as broad as on the W. side and along the
street on the N. side 4j^ r.
BLOCK G
LOT I
1644
Feb. — Gr-br. to Tryntie Jonas. (GG: 90.) Desc: A lot
lying S. of the fort and W. of Jacob Constapel; its length
on the side of the said Constaple (sic) is 11 r., 2 ft., I in.
and 5 gr.; in br., in front, 2 r., 5 ft., 4 ins.; the br. in rear,
2 r., 2 ft., 7 ins. and 5 gr.; on the W. side its length is
II r., 5 ft., 2 ins.; amtg. together to 27 r., 5 ft., 9 ins.
and 8 gr.
1667
July 10 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Annetie Bogardus (heirs
of). (Pats. Alb., II: 70.) Recites gr-br. cited above;
that Annetie Bogardus is her heir and daughter; she
being also deed. Desc: Lot S. of Fort, to W. of Jacob
Royes, stretching in length next to Jacob Royes, II r.,
2 ft., I in., 5 gr.; being in br. before, 3 r., 2 ft., 4 ins.; July 10
behind, 2 r., 9 ft., 7 ins., 5 gr.
Note: Bet. the grants of Tryntje Jonas and Jacob
Jacobsen Roy there existed a passage-way of about 10 ft.
in width, which is included by the conf. in the land of
Annetie Bogardus. (C/. Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch: 91.)
LOT 2
1644
Gr-br. to Jacob Jacobsen Roy. Not found of record. Sep. 9
Recited in conf set forth below.
Deed. Jacob Jacobsen Roy to Dirck Cornelissen.
Not found of record. Recited in Conf. Pats. Alb., II: 38.
'649
Deed. Marritie Jans, wid. of Dirck Cornelissen to May 26
Juriaen Blanck. Not found of record. Recited Pats.
Alb., II: 38. It was for the E'ly one-half of Roy's gr-br.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Juriaen Blanck. (Pats. May 30
Alb., II: 38.) Recites gr-br. to Jacob Jacobsen Roy for
lot S. side Fort, together with two hos. and gardens
lying bet. Jan Snediger and Tryntien Jonas; cont'g in br.
on the S. side, 5 r.; in length on the W. side next to the
grant of Tryntien Jonas, 9 r., 5 ft., 2 ins. and behind
towards the fort, 10 r., 7 ft., 2 ins., in all amtg. to 50 r.,
6 ft., which said pat. or gr-br. bears date Sep. 9, 1644
was 26 May, 1649, transported and made over to Juriaen
Blanck by Marritie Jans, the wid. of Dirck Cornelissen,
but the rest being otherwise disposed of, the moiety or
3^ thereof doth only remain with him.
1645
Deed. Jacob Jacobsen Roy to Cornells Arissen. Apl. 14
{Dutch MSS., II: 146.) Desc: Half his lot, bet. the
land of Jan Schepmoes* and Tryntje Jonas, cont'g 22 r.,
^H ft., being the W'ly ^ "according to gr-br. of Sep.
9, 1644."
* Should read Snediger.
1653
Deed. Cornells Aryssen from Utrecht to Jacob Steen- July 28
dam. (HH: 42.) Desc: A ho. and lot in Pearl street
bet. the lots of John Snedyger and Tryntie Jonas, cont'g
22 r., 3li ft.
1662
Deed. Jacob Strycker, as agent of Jacob Steendam, to Nov. 28
Cornells Langevelt. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 284.)
Desc: Ho. and lot N. of Pearl St. bounded W. by pas-
sage by the fort, 41 ft., 4 ins.; N. by lot of Steendam,
32 ft., 10 ins.; E. by ho. and lot of J. Blanck, 41ft.,
4 ins.; and S. by Pearl St., 32 ft., 10 ins. Recites,
measured by J. Cortelyou, Nov. 17, 1662. Bill of Sale,
July I, 1660; deed July 28, 1653, granted to Steendam
(supra).
1668
Conf Governor Nicolls to Thomas Lourensen. (Pats. May I
Alb., Ill: 13.) Recites Whereas there is a cert, lot of
ground, N. side Pearle Street, to the W. of the lot of
Juriaen Blankes, and behind the ho. and lot of Thomas
Lourensen, towards the fort, cont'g in br. on the S. side,
2}i r., 2 ins. and on the N. side, 2K r-i in length on the
E. side, 7>2 r., i ft. and on the W. side, 7K r.; which
said lot of ground did heretofore belong to Jacob Steen-
dam. Now whereas said Steendam hath been absent and
gone of this country for the space of above eight years,
during which time said lot is unfenced, unimproved and
building thereon gone to ruyne, therefore forfeited to his
Royal Highnesse. Gives, grants and confirms, &;c.*
*This is for the northerly part of Steendara's lot.
LOT 3
1645 ^
Gr-br. to Jan Snediker. (GG: loi.) Desc: A July —
double lot for two houses and two gardens lying S. of the
Fort on the Island of Manhattans, bounded on the east-
THE DUTCH GRANTS
387
July — ward by the land of Hans Hansen and westward by the
land of Jacob Constapel; its br. in front of the ho. is 5 r.,
4 ft.; its length on the side of the Fort 4 r.
1652
Sep. 5 Deed. Jan Snediger to Michael Tadens. (HH: i.)
Desc: a ho. and lot lying in Pearl street, in br. on the
St., 3 r., less half a ft.; in the rear of the ho. 2 r., i ft.,
3 ins., 2 gr. ; the length from the rear to the front, 10 r.,
7 ft., 2 ins.
1668
May 15 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Michael Tades. (Pats.
Alb., Ill: 31.) Desc: s. a. preceding deed.
1653
May 17 Deed. Jan Snediger to Isaac De Forreest. (HH: 33.)
Desc: A ho. and lot in Pearl St., next to the lot of
Michael Tadens, lying on the W. side and Claes Bardinge
on the E. side.
July 22 Deed. Isaac De Foreest to Adriaen Keyset. (HH:
36.) Desc: A ho. and lot in Pearl St., next to Michael
Tadens on the W. and Claes Bordingh on the E.
Sep. 9 Deed. Ariaen Keyser to Johannes Van Beeclc. (HH:
43.) Desc: A ho. and lot in Pearl St., W. on Michel
Tadens; on the E., Claes Bordergh.
LOT 4
1647
Mch. 13 Gr-br. to Hans Hansen. (GG: 184.) Desc: A cert,
lot for a ho. and garden, S. of the Fort Amsterdam, bet.
Jan Snediker's and Joorsey Rapalye's; its length next
the said Joorse's, or on the E. side is 9 r., 2 ft., 2 ins.; its
br. on the rear or on the N. side, i r., 9 ft., 6 ins.; its
length near Jan Snediker's, or on the W. side is 9 r.,
8 ft., 3 ins.; its br. in front or on the S. side is 2 r., 3 ft.;
amtg. in all to 20 r., 2 ft., 8 ins. and five gr.
1654
May 30 Deed. Sarah Joorsey, wid. of Hans Hansen, to Claes
Hording. Not found of record, but recited in conf. set
forth below.
1667
June I Conf. Governor Nicolls to Claes Bording. (Pats.
Alb., II: 39.) Recites transport made by Sarah Joorsey,
the wid. of Hans Hanse, dated May 30, 1654 unto Claes
Bording. Also recites a gr-br. granted unto Hans
Hansen, afsd., deed. Desc: s. a. in deed foregoing.
LOT 5
1647
Mch. 18 Gr-br. to George Rapalje. (GG: 194.) Desc: A
cert, lot lying on the Island of Manhattans; it extends in
front on the S. side or on the street, 2 r.; on the W. side,
8 r., 5 ft.; on the N. side, 2 r., 9>^ ft.; and on the E. side,
8 r., 5 ft.
June 22 Deed. George Rapalje to Hendrick Hendricksen.
(Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch: 57.) Desc: A ho. and lot on
Manhattan Island, situated in Pearl St.
June 22 Deed. Joris Rapalje to Hendrick Hendricksen.
{Dutch MSS., Ill: 115.) Desc: Pearl St. Undoubtedly
the same premises as the foregoing.
Oct. 8 Deed. Hendrick Hendricksen to PieterLuyckesen van
Goes, skipper of the little craft called "Abraham's
Sacrifice." (Lib. A, Deeds, N.Y. Co.: 5.) Recitess.a.
Jorsey Rapalje to Hendrick Hendricksen, July 18, 1654.
Desc: A cert. ho. and lot in the Pearl St. bet. ho. of
Claes Bording and J. Rapalje; is broad in front of the
street or on S. side, i r., 73^^ ft., rear on N. side, in br.
i_r. and 5 ft. long on E. side 8 r. and 5 ft.; W. side, be-
sides Claes Bording, long 8 r. and 5 ft.
1656
Apl. 5 Deed. Marinus Luyckessen van Goez, atty. of Pieter
Luyckessen to Hendrick Hendricksen, drummer. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 41.) Desc: A cert. ho. and lot
in Pearl St. bet. C. Bordingh and J. Rapalje, broad and
long as deed by Hendrick Hendricksen to P. Luyckessen., Apl. 5
Oct. 8, 1654.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Hendrick Hendricksen July 23
Obe. (Pats. Alb., II: 81.) Recites transport by
Marinus Luyckesen van Goes, to above, dated Apl. 5,
1656. Desc: On Pearle Street, bet. Claes Bording and
Joris Rapalje. Cont'g in br. and length as much as then
did belong to the said Pieter Luyckesen and lyes within
its fence.
LOT 6
1647
Gr-br. to Claes Jansen Backer. (GG: 193.) Desc: Mch. 18
A cert, lot lying on the Island of Manhattans it extends
on the S. side or in the front on the St., i r., 4^ ft.; on
the W. side next Jorse (George) Rapelye 3 r., 2 ft.; on
the N. side i r. and }4 ft.; on the E. side next Gillis
Pietersen's, 3 r., 2 ft.
LOT 7
Gr-br. to Gillis Pietersen. Not found of record, but July 4
recited in Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 22.
Deed. Gillis Pietersen (Van der Gouw) to Peter Ebell. July 6
(Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch: 38.) Desc: A ho. and lot on
Manhattan Island, situate S. of Ft. Amsterdam.
1655
Deed. Pieter Ebel to Isaac Greveraet. (Lib. A, May 21
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 22.) A cert. ho. and lot on Pearl St.
abutting on W. side J. Rapalye; E. side C. Pietersen's
wid.; N. and S. sides as it is now standing, br. in front
on St. or S. side, 2 r., nett; in rear on N. side i}4 r., 4 ft.;
length according to gr-br. together with the passage on
E. side bet. Cornells Pietersen and afsd. ho. 4 ft. wide.
Recites gr-br. and deed above set forth.
1667
Conf Governor Nicolls to Isaack Greveraet. (Pats. Sep. 20
Alb., II: 105.) Recites transport by Peter Ebel to
above-named, May 21, 1655. Desc: s. a. instrument
preceding.
LOT 8
1647
Gr-br. to Cors Pietersen. (GG: 164.) Desc: A cert. Jan. 21
lot lying S. of the Fort Amsterdam; the very next to the
ho. of Gillis Pietersen (there remains a common alley or
passage-way of 4 ft. in br. to be equally used by Gillis
Pietersen and Cors Pietersen) and whereas through a
mistake of the surveyor the lot of Gilhs Pietersen has
been surveyed off too large, and therefore the said deed
is not valid, we have permitted and directed Cors Pieter^
sen to build on the lot heretofore granted to Gillis
Pietersen, extending on the S. side or in the front of the
street, 21 ft. in the br.;on both sides E. and W. the length
is 7 r.; in the rear the br. is 19 ft.
1659
Deed. Frerick Lubbersen, who m. the wid. of Cors July 2;
Pietersen, deed., to Jacques Cousseau. (Lib. A, Deeds,
N. Y. Co.: 169.) Desc: His cert. ho. and lot N. of
Pearl St., bounded W. by ho. and lot of I. Greveraet,
7 r.; N. by Fort Amsterdam, 19 ft.; E. by ho. and lot of
P. Van Couwenhoven, 7 r.; S. by St., 21 ft. and common
passage-way of 4 ft., bet. I. Greveraet and Frerick
Lubbersen: Gr-br. Jan. 21, 1647; according to bill of
sale, Aug. 2, 1658.
1667
Conf Governor Nicolls to Jacques Cousseau. (Pats. Apl. i
Alb., IV: 35.) Recites transport Frederick Lubbertsen
to Cousseau, Aug. 2, 1658. Desc: s. a. preceding instru-
ment.
388
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
LOT 9
1647
Apl. 10 Gr-br. to Jochim Pietersen (Kuyter). (GG: 210.)
Desc: A cert, lot for a ho. on the Island of Manhattans
bounded on the E. of Cors Pietersen; its br. in front of
the St. or on the S. side is 24 (timber) ft., its length on
the W. side is 8j}4 ft., on the E. side, 74 timber ft., in
length.
1652
Mcli. 4 Deed. Jochim Pietersen Kuyter to Pieter Wolfertsen
Van Couwenhoven. {Dutch MSS., Ill: 102.) Recites
gr-br. Nov. 14, 1650. Desc: E'ward of Cors Pietersen;
N. of Pearl St.
BLOCK H
LOT I
1647
Mch. 16 Gr-br. to Lammert Van Valckenborch. (GG: 192.)
Desc: A cert, lot for a ho. and garden, lying S. of the
Fort and bounded on the E. end of the lot of Jan Evertsen
(Bout) it extends next the road or on the E. side 9 r.,
I ft.; on the S. side, in front of the ho., i r., 3 ft.; on the
W. side, next to the lot of Jan Evertsen, 8 r., 9 ft.; on
the N. side towards the fort, i r., 3 ft.
1656
June 26 Deed. Lambert Van Valckenbergh to Isaac Greveraet
Not found of record. Recited in conf. set forth below.
1667
Sep. 20 Conf Governor Nicolls to Isaac Greveraet. (Pats.
Alb., II: 116.) Recites gr-br. to Lambert Lamberts
van Valchenburgh, Mch. 16, 1647; transport of said
gr-br. to I. Greveraet, 26 June, 1656, by said L. L. Van
Valckenbergh. Desc: S. of Fort abutting on the E.
end of the lot of John Everts Bout; striking in length
along the highway, on the E. side, 9 r., i ft. and on the
W. side next to Jan Everts, 8 r., 9 ft.; on the S. side in
br. before the ho. i r., 3 ft. and on the N. side next to
the fort, the like.
LOT 2
1647
Feb. 19 Gr-br. to Jan Evertsen Bout. (GG: 170.) Desc: A
cert, lot lying on the S. side of the fort; its length on the
E. side, 9 r. and 4 ft. next to the lot of Barent Jansen,*
9 r., 4 ft.; its br. on the S. side on the river 7 r., 7 ft.; its
length on the W. side, 8 r., 3 ft., 2 ins.; its br. on the N.
side by the fort, 6 r., 2 ft.
Deed. ... to Gerrit Hendricks. Not found of
record. Recited in conf. set forth below.
1672
Aug. I Conf. Governor Lovelace to Gerrit Hendricks.
(Pats. Alb., Ill: 113.) Recites gr-br. to Jan Evertsen
Bout, Feb. 19, 1647; transport to Gerrit Hendricks.
Desc: s. a. in gr-br.
* Barent Jansen never found in records. It would seem that Van
Valckenbergh received the land intended to have been granted to
him.
LOT 3
1647
May 16 Gr-br. to Sergeant Huybertsen (i. e., James Hubbard).
(GG: 221.) Desc: A cert, lot for a ho. and garden
lying S. of Fort Amsterdam, westward from the lot of
Jan Evertsen; itslength on the E. side is 8 r., 3 ft., 2 ins.;
its br. on the N. side is 2 r., 4 ft.; its length on the W.
side is 5 r., 3 ft., 8 ins.; on the S. side its br. is 3 r. and
8ft.; amtg. in all to 21 r.. Sins.
Note: This ho. came into possession of Andries Meyer
before 1672 and was one of those mentioned in the Order
of 1673. (Rrc. N. Am., VII: t2; Lib. A, Mtges., N. Y.
Co.: III.)
LOT 4
1647
Gr-br. to Paulus Heymanssen. (GG: 166.) Desc: Feb. 3
A cert, lot lying on the SW. side of Ft. Amsterdam ex-
tending on the same side in length, ^yi r. on the Strand,
in br. mostly S. and N. 3 r. and 9 ft., next the lot of
Francoys Douthey, Predicant, 4 r., 8 ft.; and in the rear
near the fort in br. 2 r., 4 ft.
LOT 5
1649
Gr-br. to Francis Doughty. Not found of record. Apl. 18
Recited in conf. set forth below.
1652
Deed. Francis Doughty to Charles Morgan. Not Apl. 30
found of record. Recited in conf. set forth below.
1657
Deed. Charles Morgan to Jan Dircksen. (Lib. A, Nov. 16
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 112.) Recites a bill of sale, Nov. 10,
1657; also a deed Apl. 30, 1652. Desc: Ho. and lot W.
of Fort Amsterdam on the North river; having the length
and breadth as measured on Dec. 5, by J. Cortelyou and
found to be on the W. side, 6 r., 4 ft.; on the E. side 6 r.;
N. side 6 r.; S. side, 4 r., I ft.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jan Dircksen. (Pats. Feb. 13
II., Alb.: 164.) Dex.: s. a. foregoing instrument.
Conf Governor Nicolls to Samuel Edsall. (Pats. May 23
Alb., Ill: 39.) Recites gr-br. Stuyvesant to Francis
Doughty, Apl. 18, 1649 (supra), who on Apl. 30, 1652
conveyed a part to Charles Morgan, and the rest. May
22, 1657 was transported to his son, Francis Doughty,
Jr., who since hath sold to Samuel Edsall. Desc: On
W. side the Fort, cont'g in length on that side toward
the Fort, nyi r., in br. next the river, on the N. side
towards the rocks, loyi r., on the S. side, bet. Paulus
Heymans and said Doughty's, 4 r. and on the W. side
alongst the strand, 18 r.
BLOCK J
LOT I
1638
The West India Company's Bakery. (Report of
Gillis Pietersen van der Gouw, Company's Carpenter in
Dutch MSS., I: 81.)
1649
Gr-br. to Jurian Andriessen. Not found of record. June 6
Recited in conf. set forth below.
1666
Conf Governor Nicolls to Thomas Lamberts. (Pats. Feb. 18
Alb., IV: 10.) Recites gr-br. Stuyvesant to Jurian
Andriessen, June 6, 1649; marriage of Thomas Lamberts
to the wid. of Jurian Andriessen. Desc: Pearl Street,
adjoining Rem Jansens; cont'g in br. on the N. side
towards the street 4 r. and 2 ft.; on the E. side next to
the ho. and ground of Rem Jansen afsd., 4 r., 6 ft.; and
on the W., 3 r. and 2 ft.
LOT 2
1647
Gr-br. to Rem Jansen. (GG: 204.) Desc: Lot on Mch. 29
the street, bet. Claes de Ruyter and the Company's
bakery; its br. on the street is 2 r., 3 ft.; * in the rear on
the Strand, its br. is 3 r.; its length on either side is 6% r.
*This dimension should read 3 r., 3 ft. A later ratge. (Lib. 3
Mtges., N. Y. Co.: 24), shows 37 ft., 7 ins. in front.
1656
Deed. Rem Jansen to Laurens Jansen. (Lib. A, Aug. 10
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 62.) Recites gr-br. of Mch. 29, 1647,
etc. Desc: Ho. and lot in Pearl Street, bet. ho. and lot
THE DUTCH GRANTS
389
Aug. 10 of C. de Ruyter, on E. side; and ho. of Tomas Lambertsen
on W. side.
Oct. 4 Deed. Laurens Jansen to Pieter Jacobsen Marius.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 9;.) Recites gr-br., {supra)
and assignment of same. Desc: Ho. and lot in Pearl
Street, bet. lot of P. Schrick on E. side and ho. and lot of
T. Lambertsen on W. side.
1667
June I Conf. Governor NicoUs to Pieter Jacobs Marius.
(Pats. Alb., II: 39.) Confirms s. a. above gr-br. and
• deed.
LOT 3
1644
May — Gr-br. to Claes Jansen Van Naerden. (GG: 97.)
Desc. : A double lot for two houses lying bet. Rem Jansen
and Willem Cornelissen Coster; S'ly from the Ft. Amster-
dam, extending in br. in front of the ho., 5 r., 5 ft., 7 ins.
and 8 gr. ; on the E. side to the Strand, 8 r., 8 ins.; in the
rear, its br. along by the Strand 5 r., 5 ft. and 7 ins.; and
from the Strand to the road, on the W. side of the ho.,
S r., 4 ft., 2 ins.; amtg. to 42 r., 7 ins. and 6 gr.
1652
Oct. 29 Deed. Claes Jansen Van Naerden to Paulus Schrick.
(HH: 13.) Recites gr-br. 2 Jan. (sic), 1644. Desc: A
lot in Pearl Street, W. of the said Claes Jansen's ho. and
E. of Rem Jansen's lot; is in br. in front along the street
2 r., 4K ft.; in the rear along the shore, 2 r., 434 ft.; in
length on the E. 6 r., 8 ft., 4 ins.; in length on W., 6 r.,
1658
Feb. 7 Deed. Paulus Schrick to Nickless Verlett. (Lib. A,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 123.) Recites survey by Cortelyou
Feb. 7, 1658; deed Oct. 29, 1652; public sale. Desc:
Lot S. of Pearl St.; bounded W. of ho. and lot of C.
Jansen Ruyter; E. of ho. and lot of P. Jacobsen Marius;
N. side, lyi r. br.; S. side, 2 r., 4 ft., 5 ins.; long on E.
side, 6 r., 8 ft., 4 ins.; W. side, 6 r., i ft., 5 ins.
1661
Sep. 30 Deed. Claes Jansen Ruyter, Pieterje Jansen, ux. and
Herman Dousen to Tomas Francen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N.
Y. Co.: 244.) Desc: Ho. and lot S. of Pearl St. bounded
E. by ho. and lot of S. Fransen 104 ft., 6 ins.; S. by ho.
and lot of Jacob StofFelsen, 43 ft., 7 ins.; W. by ho. and
lot of Resolveert Waldron, 90 ft., 4 ins.; N. by Pearl St.,
41ft.
1668
May 25 Conf. Governor NicoUs to Thomas Fransen. (Pats.
Alb., Ill: 47.) Confirms s. a. above.
LOT 4
1647
May 10 Gr-br. to Cornells Teunissen, Shoemaker. (GG: 215.)
A cert, lot situated bet. the lots of Jan Jansen Schep-
moes and Claes Jansen Ruyter (horseman); its br. on
the street on the N. side is 2 r.; in the rear on the S. side
its br. is 2 r., 5 ft.; W. on the Ruyter's lot its length is
8 r., 9 ft. E. on Schepmoes's place, 8 r., 9 ft.
The following instrument recites a gr-br. dated May
20, 1659. Not found of record. Probably to William
Cornelissen Schage.
1659
July 31 Deed. Joannes Vervelen, atty. for wid. and heirs of
William Cornelissen Schage, deed., to Jacques Cousseau.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 171.) Recites according to
conditions of Public Sale, Apl. 10, 1659; gr-br. May 20,
1659; power of atty. from wid. and heirs of Schage.
"Lot and buildings pulled down by Cousseau." Desc:
Lot S. of Pearl St.; bounded W. by ho. and lot of C. J.
Ruyter, 8 r., 9 ft.; N. by above street; 2r.; E. by ho.
and lot of J. J. Schepmoes; S. by shore of North river,
2 r., s ft.
1662
Deed. Jacques Cousseau to Symon Fransen. (Lib. June 19
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 269.) Recites bill of sale Jan. 7,
1660; deed July 31, 1659. Desc: Lot S. of Pearle St.;
bounded E. by ho. and lot of T. Wilkouk (Thos. Wm.
Cock), 8 r., 9ft.;S. by lot of Director General; W. by ho.
and lot of T. Fransen, 8 r., 9 ft.; N. by street afsd.
1662
Deed. Symon Fransen Prinsman to Mighiel Tades. July 6
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 271.) S. a. above.
1668
Conf Governor NicoUs to Michael Tades. (Pats. May 15
Alb., Ill: 32.) Recites Symon Ffrans Prinsman trans-
ported 6 June, 1662 to Tades a cert. ho. and lot, S. side
Pearl St., having to E. the housing and lot of Thomas
Wilcocke; to the S. the Great Ho. of the late Dutch
Governor; to the W. the ho. and lot of Thomas Frans;
and to theN. the street afsd.; cont'g in br. before towards
the street, on the N. side, 2 r. wanting a ft. and behind
on the S. side, 2 r., 5 ft.; in length both to the E. and W.
sides, 8 r., 9 ft.
LOT S
1643
Gr-br. to Jan Jansen Schepmoes. (GG: 59.) A cert. May 18
lot lying S.E. of the Fort, extending along by the ho.,
2 r., 4 ft., 4 ins. and 5 gr. ; along the W. side, 9 r., 7 ins.;
on the S.E. and in the br. along the river, 3 r., i ft. and
3 ins. On the E. side extending in the length 9 r., 2 ft.
and 5 ins.; amtg. in all to 25 r., 4 ft. and 5 gr.
'659
Deed. Willem Tomassen Cock (having married the July 15
wid. of Jan Jansen Schepmoes), to Francois Allard.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 166.) Recites gr-br. May 18,
1643. Desc: Ho. and lot S. of Cock's land in Pearl St.,
bounded S. by lot of Director-general, 3 r., I ft.; W. by
lot of Cousseau, 3 r., 2 ft.; N. by ho. and lot of Cock,
3 r. ; E. by ho. and lot of G. Pietersen, 3 r., 2 ft.; also free
passage way W. of ho.; measured by Cortelyou on June
27, 1659. (Being lower part of Lot 5.)
1662
Deed. Francois Allard to Steven Genore. (Lib. A, Apl. 29
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 261.) Recites deed July 15, 1659.
Desc: Ho. and lot S. of lot of W. T. Koek (Cock), in
Pearl St., bounded S. by lot of Director-General, 3 r.,
1 ft.; W. by lot of Jacques Cousseau, 3 r., 2 ft.; N. by
ho. and lot of W. T. Kosck (Cock), 3 r., E. by ho. and
lot of G. Pietersen, 3 r., 2 ft.
1667
Conf. Governor NicoUs to William Cooke. (Pats. Oct. 25
Alb., II: 133.) Recites gr-br. to Jan Jansen Schepmoes,
May 18, 1643 and transport of same. Desc: Pearle St.,
to S.E. of Fort, cont'g in br. along before by the ho.,
towards the street, 2 r., 4 ft., 4 ins., ; gr.; on the W. side
in length, 9 r., 7 ins.; in br. to the S.E. along by the river
side, 3 r., i ft., 3 ins.; on the E. in length, 9 r., 2 ft., 5
ins. In all amtg. to 25 r., 4 ft., and ; gr.
LOT 6
1647
Gr-br. to Jeurj-aen Blanck. (GG: 213.) A cert, lot Apl. 15
for a ho. and garden, on the Island of Manhattan. S. of
Fort Amsterdam betwixt the lots of Jan Jansen Schep-
moes and Gillis Pietersen; its br. in front on the street
is 2 r. and 4-' 4 ft.; on the S. side in the rear its br. is
2 r., 2 ft. On the lot of Schepmoes, the length is 8 r.,
4W ft.; on the E. side, 8 r., %]A ft.
Note: This grant to Blanck was clearly a mistake.
The lot had previously been granted to Teunis Jansen
Zeylmaker (Sailmaker), July 4, 1645. Gillis Pietersen
claimed it by purchase from Jansen and it was awarded
to him bv decision of the Court and confirmed to him.
390
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Apl. IS {Rec.N. Am.,V\: 73; Pats. Alb., II: 45.) Bianck never
appears here later, either as owner or neighbour.
1667
June 10 Conf. Governor NicoUs to Gillis Pietersen. (Pats.
Alb., II: 45.) Recites gr-br. to Teunis Jansen Zeyl-
maker, July 4, 1645; transport of same to Pietersen and
lately, 8th inst., by a verdict of the Mayor's Court, v^as
adjudged to belong to him. Desc: S. of the Fort on the
Pearle Street to the W. of Gillis Pietersen's and to the
E. of Jan Jansen Schepmoes; cont'g in br. before towards
the street, on the N. side, 2 r., S ft-; behind on the S.
side, 2 r., 4 ft., 5 ins.; in length on the W. side, 8 r., 8 ft.,
6 ins. next to the said Schepmoes; amtg. in all to 21 r.,
9 ft.
LOT 7
1645
July 4 Gr-br. to Gillis Pietersen. Not found of record. Re-
cited in conf to Egbert Van Borsum, set forth below.
1647
July 29 Deed. Jan Pietersen {nc) to Egbert Van Borsum.
(Cal. Hist.MSS., Dutch: 39.) Desc: A house and lot on
Manhattan Island.
Note: Undoubtedly Gillis Pietersen is the grantor
intended here; Van Dorsum's conf so recites.
1666
Mch. 12 Conf Governor Nicolls to Egbert Van Borsum.
(Pats. Alb., IV: 20.) Recites gr-br. to Gillis Pietersen
of July 4, 1645 and transport to Van Borsum, July 29,
1649 (sic). Desc: In the Pearle street on the S. side of
the Fort, abutting E. upon Dirck Cornelissen; W. upon
that heretofore belonging to Teunis Jansen, cont'g in br.
on the N. side towards the street, 2 r., 5 ft.; in length on
E., 8 r.; on the S. side behind in br. 2 r., 4 ft., 5 ins. and
in length on W., 8 r., 8 ft., 6 ins., amtg. in all to 20 r.,
9 ft., 5 ins.
LOT 8
1648
May 17 Gr-br. to Maretie Jansen, wid. of Dirck Cornelissen.
Not found of record. (See recital in conf. to Jacob
Leisler, set forth below.)
'653 ^ , ^
Oct. 15 Deed. Govert Loockermans, atty. for Maretie Jansen,
his wife, to Peter Cornelissen Van der Veen. (HH: 51.)
Desc: A ho. and lot in Pearl street, directly opposite
the ho. of Pieter Wolfertsen.
Note: Pieter Cornells Van der Veen requests by peti-
tion, as he has incurred great expense on his dwelling-
house at the corner of Pearl street and is about to make
greater improvements as an ornament thereto, that a
Square may remain and be made by resolution there.
(Mch. IS, 16S7. Rec. N. Am., VII: 147.)
Above petition answered . . . The afsd. Square was
disposed of long before the distribution of the lots was
granted to the Burgomasters and therefore does not
belong to their Worships. (Mch. 29, 1657. Rec. N.
Am., VII: 148.)
The ho. of Pieter Wolfertsen van Couwenhoven was on
the north west corner of Pearl and Whitehall streets.
1660
Oct. 6 Deed. Pieter Cornelissen Van der Veen to Pieter
Wolfertsen Van Couwenhoven. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y.
Co., 218.) Recites gr-br. May 17, 1648. Desc: Ho.
and lot S. of Pearl St., bounded E. to Water, S. by ho.
and lot of Van der Veen; W. by ho. and lot of E. Van Bor-
sum; N. by Pearl st. Recites measured by Cortelyou,
in front on street or N. side, 3 r., 9 ft. and further in
length on E. side, 2 r., 11 ft., 7 ins. where it contracts
near lot of E. Van Borsum to br. of i r., 7 ft. and further
S. on length I r., 4 ft.; in rear on S. side, 2 r., s ft.; long
on W. side, 4 r.
1662
Deed. Pieter W. Van Couwenhoven to Cornells May 8
Steenwick (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 266.) Recites
deed of Oct. 6, 1660 and desc. s. a. said deed.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Cornelys Steenwick. (Pats. Apl. 17
Alb., II: 10.) Recites transport by Pieter van Couwen-
hoven to above, dated May 8, 1662. Desc: S. side
Pearle St. abutting on the E. Jacques Cousseau; on the
S. Jacob Leisler; on the W. Egbert Van Borsum and on
the N. to the said street; cont'g in br. before on the N.
side to the street, 3 r., 9 ft.; further in length on the E.,
2 r., II ft., 7 ins. and there where it comes narrower near
to Egbert Van Borsum's, in br., i r., 7 ft. and further
S'ly in length i r. and 4 ft. behind on the S. side in br.
2 r. and s ft- and in length on the W. side, 4 r.
1664
Deed. Cornells Steenwick to Jacques Cousseau. Aug. 22
(Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 4s.) Recites deed. May 8,
1662. Desc: Ho. and lot S. of Pearl St., bounded E.
by the Water; S. by ho. and lot of J. Leisler; W. by ho.
and lot of Steenwick; N. by street. Measured by J.
Cortelyou, Aug. 13 of this year, N. and S. sides, 24 ft.;
E. long, 38 ft.; W. side, 37^^ ft.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jacques Cousseau. (Pats. May 16
Alb., II: 28.) Recites transport by Cornelys Steenwyck
to Jacques Cousseau, Aug. 22, 1664. Desc: s. a. fore-
going instrument.
1667
Conf Governor Nicolls to Jacob Leisler. (Pats. Alb., Mch. 29
IV: 32.) Recites gr-br. to Maretie Jansen, wid. of
Dirck Cornelissen, May 17, 1648; transport of same to
Pieter Cornelissen van der Veen; marriage of whose wid.
and relict unto Jacob Leisler makes conf to latter. Desc:
Pearle St., br., 3 r., 9 ft.; E. side, 8 r., 6 ft., 4 ins. W.
side, 8 r., 7 ft.; behind on Jan Pieters or Egbert van
Borsum's side, 3 r., 9 ft., 3 ins.*
*Much of this grant had been transported before this conf. was
made.
LOT 9
1657
Gr-br. to Nicasius De SiUe. (HH-2: 93.) Desc: A Dec 19
lot on the island of Manhattan in New Amsterdam, at
the water side, being on the N. 22 ft.; on the S. 30 ft.;
on the W. 62 ft.; and on the E. along the water, 60 ft.,
8 ins. (all wood measures).
1661
Deed. Nicasius De Sille to Nicolas Danielson Bayart. Oct. II
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 247.) Recites foregoing
gr-br. Desc: Cert, lot on the Water on Manhattan
Island, bounded S. by lot of N. Verlett, 30 ft.; W. by ho.
and lot of C. Steenwick, 62 ft.; N. by the Pearl St., 22 ft.;
E. the Water afsd. 60 ft., 8 ins.
Note: Deed out of Bayart not found of record.
1667
Conf Governor Nicolls to Pieter Stuyvesant. (Pats. Nov. 6
Alb., II: 141.) Desc: Lot N. of lot heretofore of Peter
Prince, cont'g N. side, 2S ft.; S. side, 28 ft., E. and W.
sides, 61 ft.; lately in occupation of Stuyvesant.
LOT ID
Gr-br. to Nicholas Varlett. Not found of record, but
recited in conf. set forth below.
1668
Conf Governor Nicolls to NicholasVarlett. (Pats. Alb., May 8
III: 25.) Recites Nicholas Varlett had formerly a gr-br.
from Director Stuyvesant, for a lot lying and being
towards the water-side, bet. ye said Stuyvesant's great
house* and the house and lot formerly belonging to Peter
*The Great House was the Direcror-Gencr.U's residence, called in
English times. The Whitehall.
THE DUTCH GRANTS
391
Prince; cont'g, N. side, 30 ft.; E. side, 49 ft.; and in
length, 2 r., 4 ft., 5 ins., together with privilege of a
passage of 5 ft. to lye in common bet. the said lot and the
Great House.
LOT II
. 1647
Gr-br. Kieft to Jan Pietersen. "Not to be found on
the Register." {Rec. N. Am., VII: 172.)
1653
Deed. Harman Smeeman and Thomas Hall to Thomas
Baxter. (HH: 20.) Desc: Ho. and lot on Manhattans
at East river: bounded So. by [of] Lot of Dirck
Cornelissen, extending E. side in br. along river 4 r., 3 ft. ;
in length, 5 r.; in rear on W. side, in br., as in front,
4 r.. 3 ft-
Note: Hall and Smeeman were attorneys for Pieter-
sen. {Rec. N. Am., VII: 172.)
1653
Suit in Burgomaster's Court, at City Hall. Tomas
Bacxter, pltf vs. Tomas Hall, deft. Plaintiff says he has
bought from defendant a parcel of land 5 r. wide and 8 r.
long, for which he asks conveyance; "defendant had
promised him that there was a sufficient patent for it and
now an exception is found in it," etc. (Rec. N. Am., I: 74.)
This action recites the dimensions of the original
grant to Pietersen, of which Hall and Smeeman must
have been cognizant.
1658
Petition of Director General Petrus Stuyvesant. (Rec.
N. Am., VII: 171, el seq.)
"To the Right Honb'= Councillors of N:Netherland and
the Honb'^ Burgomasters of the City of Amsterdam in
N: Netherland.
"Your Hon"^? petitioner, Petrus Stuyvesant, represents,
in due form and respect to the Councillors, in regard that
it appertains to them to grant the ground brief; and to
the Burgomasters, as the conveyance of the lots is left
to them; that he to your Honors manifest knowledge
and certainty hath with great cost and labour fenced,
recovered and raised from the water and morass certain
abandoned lots, granted in the year 1647 by the Direc-
tor General Kieft, petitioner's predecessor, to one Jan
Pietersen and by him or his attorney conveyed to one
Thomas Baxter, a bankrupt and fugitive from this
Province in consequence of great debts; . . . Which
lots after about 8 to nine thousand loads of sand were
carted thereunto at the cost and charge of the Petitioner
and still not raised enough, the petitioner has erected
thereupon a costly and handsome building. The peti-
tioner judging, that they are not sufficiently secured
to him in case of dismissal from his office, or to his heirs
in case of his death, in consequence of his not yet having
any proper ground brief or conveyance therefor, and he
cannot give himself any unquestionable title or convey-
ance to them. ... He therefore turns towards you in
due manner, requesting that your Honors, as Councillors
on behalf of the Lords Directors, after rendering void the
first ground brief, which however is not to be found on
the Register, to be pleased to grant to petitioner ground
brief and conveyance, and as Burgomasters to be pleased
to endorse due transport thereon. ..."
The gr-br. was granted Feb. 14, 1658. The Burgo-
masters concurred.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Pieter Stuyvesant. (Pats.
Alb., II: 141.) "Whereas there is a lot towards S. of
Pearle street, cont'g in length on S. and N. sides, 200 ft.
and in br. on E. and W., 100 ft. as also a passage of 5 ft.
on N. side in common; and whereas Pieter Stuyvesant
has been at charges to build a ho. thereon and nobody
else claiming it," Stuyvesant is confirmed.
Note: This refers to Stuyvesant's Great House.
LOT 12
1647
Gr-br. to Jochim Kierstede. (GG: 211.) Desc: .A Apl. 12
lot extending S. of Jan Pietersen. Its br. on the E. side
along the Strand or East river is 3 r., ^l< ft.; in the rear
on the W. side 3 r., 4^^ ft.; its length on the N. and S.
sides each 8 r.
Note: Kierstede's heirs seemingly surrendered this
lot. He was lost on the "Princess" Sep., 1647.
LOT 13
1664
Gr-br. to Ide Cornelissen Van Vorst. (Cal. Hist. Apl. 5
MSS., Dutch: 387.) Desc: A lot on Manhattan Island
situate on Schreyer's Hook, which is a triangle and ad-
joining the garden of the Director-General.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Ide Cornelissen Van Vorst
(Pats. Alb., II: 150.) Recites gr-br. {supra). Desc:
At Schreyer's Hook. A triangular hook bounded N. W.
side by lot of Nicholas Backer; E. side by Garden hereto-
fore of West India Company; cont'g to S. W. side 5 r.,
10 ft.; on N. E. side, 9 r., 3 ft.; and on N. W. side, 5 r.,
7 ft.
LOT 14
Gr-br. to Nicholas Jansen Backer. Not found of
record. Recited in conf. set forth below.
1667
Conf Governor Nicolls to Nicholas Jansen Backer. Oct.
(Pats. Alb., II: 134.) Recites gr-br. Stuyvesant to
Backer. Desc: Towards the water side at Schreyer's
Hoek, W. of Ide Cornelissen Van Vorst; E. of Michiel
Jansen. SW. 40 ft.; NE., 90 ft., 9 ins.; NW., 5 r., 10 ft.;
SE, 5 r., 7 ft. (Description erroneous; refer to Map.)
Jan. 14
24
LOT
Re-
24
26
IS
Gr-br. to Michael Jansen. Not found of record.
cited in conf. set forth below.
1667
Conf Governor Nicolls to Fitchie Hartmans, wid. of Oct.
Michael Jansen. (Pats. Alb., II: 134.) Recites gr-br.,
Stuyvesant to Michael Jansen. Desc: Lot lying and
being towards the waterside, at a cert. cor. or hook
commonly called the Schreyer's Hook, cont'g on the
SW. side, 32 ft., 8 ins.; on NW. side, 4 r., 5 ft.; on the
NE. side, 29 ft.; and on the SE. side, s r., 10 ft.
LOT 16
Gr-br. to Jacob StofFells. Not found of record. Re-
cited in conf set forth below.
1668
Conf Governor Nicolls to Trintie Wallers. (Pats. Apl.
Alb., Ill: 12.) Recites gr-br. Stuyvesant to Jacob
Stoffells and that Trintie Wallers is his wid. Desc: Lot
on a corner or hook of land called the Schreyers Hook,
to W. of Michael Jansen. SW., 32 ft.; NW., 3 r., 2 ft.,
6 ins.; NE., 29 ft.; SE., 4 r., 5 ft.
BLOCK K
LOT I
1653
Gr-br. to Do. Samuel Drisius. Not found of record. Feb. 24
Recited in instrument next set forth.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Do. Samuel Drisius. (Pats. May 15
Alb., HI: 38.) Gr-br. to Drisius recited as of Feb. 24,
1653. Desc: Piece of Ground in the Schaape Weytie,
to the S. of the land formerly belonging to Jan Jansen
39^
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
May 15 Damen, deed.; cont'g in br. on the W. side, 21 r.; on the
E. side, behind, 15 r.; in length on the N. side, 33 r.,
all amtg. to 585 rods; and of which said patent or gr-br.
there was, upon May 27, 1660, a transport made of a
part unto Teunis Davits. Conf. Drisius in remainder.
LOT 2
1658
Dec. 2 Gr-br. to Jan Jansen Van Langedyck. (HH-2: 103.)
Desc: A lot for ho. and garden in city of New Amster-
dam, in br. on N., 2 r., 3 ft.; on S., 3 r., 9 ft. 11 ins.; in
length on E., 10 r., 7 ins.; on W., 10 r., 7 ft., 6 ins.
1667
June 28 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jan Jansen Van Langue-
dyck. (Pats. Alb., II: 59.) Conf. s. a. above.
LOT 3
1657
Dec. 20 Jacob Strycker requests a lot for his brother. He is
granted lot formerly granted to Jan Damen, who failed
to build upon it. On the Cingel, next to the lot of Jan
Janszen Van Langendyck, 30 ft. wide on street, extending
from road to rear of Andries's lot. {Rec. N. Am., VII:
166.)
1663
Apl. 13 Abraham Kermel received the above parcel from the
Burgomasters, as the brother of Strycker had failed to
improve the same. (Min. Orph. Court, II: 171-172.)
1672
May 15 Conf Governor Lovelace to Abraham Kermell.
(Pats. Alb., Ill: 102.) Desc: On the Cingel, bet.
Hendrick Blew Coate's* and Jan Jansen Van Langue-
dyke's. Cont'g on the S. side, 22 ft.; E. side, 84 ft.;
W. side, 96 ft.; N. side, 23^^ ft.
♦Hendrick Blue Coat was Hendrick Jansen Sluyter. (.Rrr. N
Am., VU: 208.)
LOT 4
1663
Apl. 2 Gr-br. to Catherina Ernstingh, wid. of Hendrick
Jansen Sluyter, called Blue Coat.
Note: Sluyter died prior to Mch. 12, 1653. (Min.
Orph. Court, II, under date.)
Apl. 25 Deed. Catharine Ernstingh, wid. of Hendrick Jansen
Sluyter, to Aldert Coninck. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.:
14.) Recites gr-br. Desc: Ho. and lot at the Cingel
S. of the wall; to E. of Abraham de Alsvander (Kermell);
to W. of A. Van Laar; N. side, 21 ft., 6 ins.; S. side,
21 ft.; long, E. side, 77 ft., 4 ins.; W. side, 85 ft.
166;
Mch. 9 Deed. Aldert Coninck to Abraham Kermel. (Lib. B,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 69.) Desc: s. a. preceding instru-
ment. Recites deed, Apl. 25, 1663; Bill of Sale, Jan. 22,
1664.
1667
May 18 Conf Governor Nicolls to Abraham Kermell. (Pats.
Alb., II: 32.) Conf. s. a. above.
LOT 5
1661
Apl. 15 Gr-br. to Adriaen Van Laer. (HH-2: 126.) Desc:
A lot in this city on E. of Hendrick Blaurock; on W. of
Cornelis Jansen; in br. on S. 21 ft. (wood measure);
on N. 20 ft., 7 ins.; in length on W. 76 ft., 8 ins., on E.,
69 ft.
1667
Tan, 3 Deed. Ariaen Van Laer to Barent Egbertsen Van
Schutterop. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 108.) Desc:
Ho. and lot within the said city, at the City Wall; s. a.
gr-br. {supra).
1668
Feb. 13 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Barent Egberts Van Schut-
terop. (Pats. Alb., II: 164.) Recites above transport.
Desc: Cert. ho. and lot lying and being in the street Feb. 13
commonly called the State's Wall, on the E. side of
Hendrick Blaenrock's, and on the W. side of Cornelys
Jans; cont'g in br. on S. side, 21 ft. and on N. side, 20 ft.,
7 ins.; in length on the W. side, 77 ft., 8 ins.; and on E.
side, 69 ft.
LOT 6
Prior to 1659
Burgomasters to Cornelis Hendricksen (Tambour). Jan. 31
Parcel in lieu of Lot 5, on the opposite side of Smee st.
granted to the wife of said Hendricksen on Dec. 20, 1657,
on condition that she build thereon by May i, 1658.
(Rec. N. Am., VII: 163, 165.) This she did not do and
such grant lapsed. Desc: s. a. in deed set forth below.
1669
Deed. Cornehs Hendricks I Tambour^ to Richard Apl. 20
Vowelles. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y.TCo.: 154./ Desc: Ho.
and lot by the Wall at corner of street called Smee
Street; to E. of A. Van Laer; to N. of Cryn Jurissen; E.
side 30 ft. (wood measure); W. side, 34 ft.; N. side, 26
ft., 9 ins.; S. side, 24 ft.
LOT 7
Burgomasters to Creyn Jacobsen. (Rec. N. Am., Jan. 31
VII: 210.) Desc: The lot situated bet. Andries the
Brewer's Servant (Andries Andriessen) and Cornelis
Hendricksen.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Barent Egbertse. (Pats. Feb. 13
Alb., II: 164.) Recites a transport by Pieter RoelofFs
to Barent Egbertse.* Desc: W. side of High St.; S. of
Cornelys Hendricks; N. side of Andries Andriessen; E.
side of Adriaen Van Laer. Cont'g E. side, 27 ft., 7 ins.;
N. side, 23 ft.; S. side, 24 ft., 10 ins.; W. side, 28 ft., 3 ins.
* No deed found of record out of Jacobsen or to or from Pieter
Roeloffs.
LOT 8
1660
Gr-br. to Andries Andriessen. (HH-2: 112.) Desc: July 11
A lot in the city of New Amsterdam on W. side of Smee
street, on S. side of the lot of Cosyntie and north of the
lot of Aerent Lourentsen; in br. on the E., 30 wood ft.;
on W., 3 r. in length; on N., 6 r., II>^ ft.; on S., the like
length.
1667
Conf Governor Nicolls to Andries Andriessen. (Pats. June n
Alb., II: 47.) Conf. s. a. above.
LOT 9
1662
Gr-br. to unknown grantee (undoubtedly Arent May 10
Lauwrensen). Not found of record. Recited in deed
Lauwrensen to Onckelbagh, set forth below.
1665
Deed. Arent Lauwrensen to Adam Onckelbagh. Jan. 31
(Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 62.) Desc: Ho. and lot
W. of Smee St., bounded N. by ho. and lot of A. Andries-
sen; S. by ho. and lot ofT. Verdon;* br. E. side, 30 ft.;
W. side, 33 ft.; S. side, 83 ft.; N. side, 88 ft. Recites
gr-br. of May 10, 1662.
1666
Deed. Adam Onckelbagh to Jan Woutersen. (Lib. Apl. 23
B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 95.) Desc: s. a. above.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jan Wouters. (Pats. Alb., Feb. 25
II: 176.) Confirms s. a. above.
*Verdon's lot was separated by a vacant lot from boundary of lot
described. This lot, later of Pieter Jansen is hereinafter described
as Lot Number 10.
THE DUTCH GRANTS
393
LOT lO
1666
Mch. 31 Conf. Mayor and Aldermen, by Virtue of Authority
of Richard Nicolls, Governor, to Pieter Jansen. (Lib.
B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 90.) Desc: A cert, parcel of land
W. side the High Street; N. side of lot of J. Boones; S.
side A. Onckellagh; now in tenure or occupation of P.
Jansen by virtue purchase formerly made by him from
Burgomasters of this place;* E., 27 ft., W. side, 18 ft.,
S. side, 77 ft.; N. side, 83 ft.
* Patent or deed from Burgomasters to P. Jansen of this lot not
found of record.
LOT II
1662
July 7 Gr-br. to Janneken Bonus. Not found of record.
(Pats. Alb., II: 173.)
1668
Feb. 17 Conf. by Governor Nicolls, to Thomas Verden. (Pats.
Alb., II: 173.) Recites gr-br. Stuyvesant to Janneken
Bonus, dated July 7, 1662; that Thomas Verdon m. sd
Janneken and conf. is to Thos Verdon. Desc: In Smee
St., being to the N. of Elch Jans; to the S. of Macktelt
and to the W. the said Smee St. Cont'g on E. side,
27 ft.; on S. side, 72 ft. and on N. side, 77 ft.
LOT 12
1658
Mch. I Albert Jansen requests, as he is about to build a small
ho. and his lot is too little, that an adjoining lot be
given him. Petitioner is granted the lot next Jannetie
Bone's lot, on condition of paying what it is valued at.
(Rec. N. Am., II: 343; VII: 176.)
1660
Oct. 19 Gr-br. to Elcke Jansen, wid. of Albert Jansen. (HH-2:
116.) Desc: A lot for a ho. and garden in this city, in
Smee street; it lies S. of Janneken Bonus; N. of Garden
street; W. of Smee street and E. of Carel Van Bruggen;
in br. on E., 23 wood ft.; on W., 14 ft., 4 ins.; in length
on S., 5 r., 3 ft.; on N., 5 r., 6 ft., 6 ins.
LOT 13
1654
May 22 Gr-br. to Carl Van Brugge. (HH-2: 6.) Desc: A
lot on the Island of Manhattan, City of New Amster-
dam, in the Sheep Pasture, having the lot of Cornells
Van Tienhoven adjoining in the S.S.W.; extending in
length along the lot of said Tienhoven, 24 Rhynland r.,
in front extending in br. from Tienhoven's lot to the
land of Do. Samuel Drisius, which lies N.N.E. from him,
7 r., 8 ft.; and along the land of Samuel Drisius, in length
24 r.; in the rear on the E. and S. in br., 3 r., 8 ft.
Note: The balance of this block is covered by gr-br.
to Cornells Van Tienhoven (HH-2:7). See Block L,
Lot 9.
BLOCK L
Note: The earliest ground-briefs in this block were
those to Jan and Pieter Monfoort, dated Mch. 16, 1647.
The Monfoorts had extensive interests on Long Island,
where they had procured five grants, between May 29,
1641 and May i, 1647. As they neglected to improve
their holdings in New Amsterdam, the Director and
Council after a reasonable time had elapsed proceeded to
re-grant the land. All of Albert the Trumpeter's grant
(Lot 3) and a part of Brian Newton's grant (Lot 4) were
taken from Jan Monfoort's plot; while the cutting-
through of the Prince's Graght (Broad street) seriously
diminished Pieter Monfoort's property. The remainder
of their original allotments was then divided into nearly
equal parts and new grants were issued to Pieter Mon-
foort, June 28, 1654 (Lot i) and to Jan Monfoort, Aug.
28, 1654 (Lot 2).
LOT A
1647
Gr-br. to Peter Monfoort. (GG: 191.) Desc: A Mch. 16
cert, lot for a ho. and garden, lying on the N. E. side of
the Ditch and bounded on the W. side of Jan Monfoort;
its br. on the S. side or in front is 7 r. ; on the N. side its
br. is 8 r. and on the E. side the length next Jan Monfoort
afsd. . . . (evidently some words omitted in the
original) amtg. in all to 91 r., 2 ft., 6 ins.
LOT B
1647
Gr-br. to Jan Monfoort. (GG: 189.) Desc: A cert. Mch. 16
lot for a ho. and garden lying on the N. E. side of the
Ditch, mostly in the rear of the lot of Evert Duckingh;
its length on the E. side is 10 r. and 8 ft.; its br. on the
N. side on the Cripplebush is 8 r. ; its length on the W.
side next Peter Monfoort's is 11 r., 4 ft. ; its br. on the S.
side or in front is 7 r., 6 ft.; amtg. in all to 87 r., 3 ft.
and 6 ins.
LOT I
1654
Gr-br. to Peter Monfoort. (HH-2: 15.) Desc: A June 28
lot on the island of Manhattans in the Sheep Pasture: is
in br. on S. side 6 r., I ft.; in length on W., 5 r., lyi ft.;
in br. on N. side, 5 r., 8 ft.; in length on E. side 5 r.
LOT 2
1654
Gr-br. to Jan Monfoort. (HH-2: 18.) Desc: A lot Aug. 28
on the island of Manhattan in the Sheep Pasture; is in
br. on S. 6 r., 4 ft.; in length, on W., 5 r., 4>^ ft.; in br.
on N., 5 r., 8 ft.; in length on E. 5 r.
Note: The Monfoort property was sold on May 12,
1657, a deed of that date being recited in subsequent
transactions. The names of the parties to this transac-
tion have not been ascertained, but the following con-
veyances indicate the disposition of these lands.
1662
Deed. Cornelis Barensen Van der Kuyl to Joannes Aug. 12
Verveelen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 273.) Desc:
Lot E. of Prince Graght, bounded N. by ho. and lot of
D. Hermsen, 5 r., 5 ft.; E. ho. and lot of A. Pietersen,
31ft.; S., Prince Straat, jr., 12ft.; W. Graght afsd.;
36 ft., 4 ins. Recites deed of May 12, 1657 and public
vendue of Nov. I, 1659.
1667
Conf Governor Nicolls to Johannes Verveelen. Not Feb. 14
found of record. For recital, see Lib. 26, Deeds, N. Y.
Co.: 102; Lib. 31: 96.
1662
Deed. Cornelis Barensen Van der Kuyl to Douw Aug. 12
Hermsen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 274.) Desc: Lot
E. of Prince Graght. Bounded N. by ho. and lot of
Willem the Carpenter, 5 r., I ft., 5 ins.; E., ho. and lot
of A. Pietersen, 33 ft.; S. by commenced ho. of Johannes
Verveelen, 5 r., 5 ft.; W., Graght afsd., 36 ft.; recites
measured by J. Cortelyou Sep. 29, 1659; deed, May 12,
1657.
Deed. Douw Hermsen to Margriet Jellisen, wid. of Aug. 19
David Provoost. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 276.) Re-
cites deed Aug. 12, 1662; bill of sale Nov. 8, 1661. Desc:
s. a. deed Van der Kuyl to Hermsen {supra).
1668
Conf Governor Nicolls to Margaret Jelisse. (Pats. May 5
Alb., Ill: 20.) Recites deed Douw Hermsen to Margaret
Jelisse, wid. of David Provoost, Aug. 12, 1662. Desc:
s. a. deed Hermsen to Jelisse.
394
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Apl. 15
1660
Apl. II
July 18
July 18
July 21
Mch. 3
Deed. Hendrick Barensen "Smitt" to Willem Abra-
hamsen Van der Borden.* (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.:
192.) Desc: Lot E. of Prince Graght; bounded N. by
the lot of W. J. Van Borckelo, 4 r., 9 ft., i in.; E. by lot
of Albert, the Trumpeter, 25 ft., ^A ins.; S. by lot of D.
Hermsen, Carpenter, 5 r.; W. by the Graght, 25 ft.
Recites measured by J. Cortelyou, May i, 1659; accord-
ing to bill of sale of Mch. 23, 1659. Deed May 12, 1657.
(Not found of record.)
* I. c: "Willem the Carpenter."
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Willem Abrahams van der
Borden. (Pats. Alb., II: 4.) Recites transport made by
Hendrick Barents Smitt unto Willem Abrahams, dated
Apl. 15, 1660 {supra). Desc: s. a. in deed set forth above.
1661
Deed. Hendrick Barensen "Smit," to Willem Jansen
Van Borckelo. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 235.) Re-
cites measured by Cortelyou, May 10, 1659; also, deed
of May 12, 1657. (Not found of record.) Desc: Lot
E. of Prince Graght; bounded N. by ho. and lot of J.
Swan, 4 r., 6 ft.; E., lot of-A. Pietersen, Trumpeter,
18 ft.; S., lot of W. A. Vander Borden, 4 r., 9 ft., I in.;
W., Graght, 22 ft.
Deed. William Jansen Van Borckelo to Lucas Dirck-
sen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 236.) Desc: s. a.
preceding instrument. Recites s. a. deed July 18, 1661.
1663
Deed. Lucas Dircksen to Joannes Verveelen. (Lib.
B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 17.) Desc: s. a. preceding instru-
ment. Recites deed July 8, 1661.
1659
Deed. Hendrick Barensen "Smith" to Jan Swaan.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 150.) Recites deed May 12,
1657 (not found of record). Desc: Lot in Schaape
Weytie; bounded E. by Albert Trumpeter, 18 ft.; S.,
W. J. Van Borekelo; W. in front on the fort wall,* 22 ft.,
N. by J. Strycker; in length as same lies.
♦Reference to Fort wall an error, probably in translation. See
instruments set forth below.
1664
Deed. Jan Swaan to Johannes Vervelen. Not re-
corded but recited in Pats. Alb., Ill: 26, set forth below.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Johannes Vervelen. (Pats.
Alb., Ill: 26.) Recites Deed Hendrick Barents Smith
to Jan Swaen, Mch. 3, 1659. Desc: Lot in Sheep
Weytie, bounded E. by Albert Trumpeter; S. William
Jans Van Borckelow; W. Towne Wall (waal?); N., Jacob
Strycker. Recites Jan Swaen to Johannes Vervelen,
Dec. 22, 1664.
LOT 3
1652
Gr-br. to Albert Pietersen, Trumpeter. Not found of
record. Recited in conf. set forth below.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Albert Pietersen. (Pats.
Alb., II: 168.) Recites gr-br. to Albert Pietersen,
Trompetcr, dated July i, 1652. Desc: In Schaapen
Weytie. Bounded on the S. side on the street, 3 r.,
I ft!; and N. side, 2 r., 7 ft.; E. side, 9 r., 7 ft.; W.
side, 10 r.
LOT 4
1654
Apl. 16 Gr-br. to Cornelys Van Ruyven. Not found of record.
Recited in conf. set forth below.
1668
Jan. 16 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Cornelys Van Ruyven.
(Pats. Alb., II: 158.) Recites gr-br. to Van Ruyven,
16 Apl., 1654, in the Shaap Weytien; S. by Albert Pieter-
Dec. 22
May 8
July I
Feb. 14
sen, 7 r.; N. to the street or lane, the like; E. side, against Jan. 16
fence of Mr. La Montagnie's, 10 r., i ft., 6 ins.; and on
W. side, the like, with reserve of a passage for a water-
course. And whereas Jacob Steendam did, 27 May,
1656, transport and make over unto said Van Ruyven
and Jacob Strycker, part of his lots lying in the lane
afsd. and adj'g to the former, having to the W. [E.] Mr.
La Montagnie's, and to the E. [W.] Mr. Van Ruyven's,
on E. and W., 10 r. and the like in br. as Mr. Van Ruy-
ven's. Conf. of balance untransported.
LOT 5
165 1
Gr-br. to Brian Newton. Not found of record. Re- Apl. 27
cited in Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 3.
1654
Deed. Brian Nuton (Newton) to Jacob Hendricksen June 23
Varrevanger. Not found of record. Recited in deed set
forth below.
1654
Deed. Jacob Hendricksen Varrevanger to Jacob Oct. 12
Steendam. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 3.) Recites deed
dated June 23, 1654, B. Nuton "in his favor" (i. e.: in
favor of Varrevanger) through his gr-br. of Apl. 27, 1651.
Desc: A lot in Sheep Pasture; to W. the lot of J. La
Montague; to E. of Albert the Trumpeter, is br. on S.
side, 6 r., less i ft.; N. side 3 r., 9 ft., 9 ins.; long both E.
and W. sides, 20 r.
1656
Deed. Jacob Steendam to Isaack Kip. (Lib. A, Aug. 5*
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 61.) Recites in virtue of deed of J.
Varrevanger to Jacob Steendam. Desc: Lot in Sheep
Pasture, bounded W. by ho. and lot of Albert the Trum-
peter, in rear 9 r. and 6}4 ft.; N. by Mr. J. Strycker; E.
by the lot occupied by Jacob Steendam; S. by the street,
in front, 52 ft.; beginning at cor. of Albert the Trum-
peter's unto the garden of Mr. Strycker, along the E.
side, 9 r., 5^ ft.
* Probably delivered May 27, 1656.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Isaac Kip. (Pats. Alb., Sep. 16
II: loi.) Desc: s. a. in deed above set forth.
1656
Deed. Jacob Steendam to Jan Cornelissen Van Hoorn. Sep. 23
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 72.) Desc: Lot in Sheep
Pasture bet. lot conveyed on May 27 last to J. Kip and
lot of La Montague, abutting in rear or on N. side lot
of J. Strycker; br. in front on S. side, 24 ft.; rear, 20 ft.;
long from front on street to lot of Mr. Strycker, being
remainder conveyed to Steendam by deed Oct. 12, 1654
by J. H. Varrenvanger.
1656
Deed. Jacob Steendam to Jacob Strycker and Cornelis May 27
Van Ruyven. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 46.) Recites
Varrevanger to Steendam, Oct. 12, 1654. Desc: Part of
lot in Sheep Pasture, abutting W. of the lot of Mr. La
Montagne; E. of the lots of Strycker and Van Ruyven,
being on E. and W. sides, 10 r. or br. of 2 lots. Street
to be cut off from E. side of said lot.
1660
Agreement. Jacob Strycker with Cornelis Van July 19
Ruyven. Not found of record, but recited in Lib. B,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 159. This agreement which con-
cerned the Van Ruyven grant and the land which Steen-
dam sold to Strycker and Van Ruyven on May 27, 1660
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 46) was effective in apportion-
ing the northerly part of the tract to Van Ruyven and the
southerly part to Strycker.
1658
Jacob Strycker to Jacob Luybeck. (Lib. A, Deeds, Dec. 3
N. Y. Co.: 138.) Desc: Lot E. of Prince Graght
bounded N. by ho. and lot of C. Van Ruyven, 70 ft.;
S. by lot of Jacob Strycker (through the well), 70 ft.;
THE DUTCH GRANTS
395
c. 3 W. by the Graght, 25 ft.; E. by Jacob Strycker, 25 ft.
Recites Surveyed by J. Cortelyou, Nov. 8, 1658; gr-br.
Apl. 25, 1654.*
* Strycker retained the remainder of his plot until 1670. (Lib. B,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 159, 176.)
i66i
g. 31 Deed. Cornells Van Ruyven to Herman Van Hoo-
boocke. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 238.) Desc: Ho.
and lot E. of Prince Graght, bounded N. by ho. and lot
of T. Wandel, 116 ft.; E. by lot of J. de la Montagne,
33 ft.; S. by ho. and lot of Cornells Van Ruyven, I24>2
ft.; W. by Graght 32 ft. Recites measured by J. Cortel-
you, surveyor; recites gr-br. Apl. 16, 1654 and deed
May 27, 1656.
1664
I. 19 Deed. Hermen Van Hooboocken to Denys Isaacksen
Van Hartesvelt. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 32.) Desc:
s. a. preceding deed, which this instrument recites.
t. 29 Deed. Denys Isaacksen to Bay Croesfelt. (Lib. B,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 53.) Desc: s. a. preceding deed. Re-
cites deed of Apl. 19, 1664.
1667
c. 31 Conf. Governor NicoUs to Bay Croesoelt. (Pats.
Alb., H: 148.) Recites transport by Denis Isaacks
to Croesoelt. Desc: Ho. and lot E. side Prince's Graft,
having to N. Thomas Wandell and to E. Isaack De
Forrest; to S. Cornelys van Ruyven and to W. the street
before named. Cont'g in br. before towards the street
on W. side, 32 ft.; behind, on the E. side, 33 ft.; in
length on S. side, 124 ft., 6 ins.; and on N. side, 116 ft.
LOT 6
1651
1. 22 Gr-br. to Johannes de la Montagne, Sr. Not found of
record but recited in Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 253.
1661
c 29 Deed. Jacob Kip and William Montagne, agents of
Joannes de la Montagne, Sr. to Isaac de Foreest. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 253.) Desc: Lot N. of Prince St.,
bounded W. by lot of J. Cornelissen (van Hoorn), 44 ft.;
N. by lot of N. De Sille, 29 ft.; E. by ho. and lot of H.
Kierstede, 28 ft.; S. by above street. Recites measured
by J. Cortelyou. Recites gr-br. Apl. 22, 165 1; power
of atty., Sep. 2, 1661.
1662
b. 14 Deed. Isaac de Foreest for himself and as agent of
Joannes de la Montagne, Jr. to Joannes and Daniel
Vervelen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 255.) Desc:
Brewery situated on a lot N. of Prince St., bounded W.
by lot of party of first part (de la Montagne); N. by lot
of N. de Sille; E. partly by lot of A. Heerman; S. by street
atsd. Recites measured by J. Cortelyou, Feb. 8, 1662.
E. side, 130 ft.; S. side, 16 ft.; W. side igft.; again S.
side, 55>< ft.; W. side, 109 ft.; N. side, 66 ft. and again
from St. along W. and E. sides, 17 r., 8 ft.; N. side, 2 r.
S. side, 2 r., 12 ft., 5 ins. Recites power of atty. Feb. I,
1662; deed Dec. 19, 1661; deed Mch. 31, 1657.
LOT 7
1647
ly 15 Gt-br. to Augustyn Heermans. (GG: 218.) A parcel
of land lying on the Island of Manhattans near Fort
Amsterdam bounded on the E. by the land of Derick"
Cornelissen, extending out from the corner of Burger's
clapboards (pale fence) till to the outmost post, 16 r.,
9 ft., 7 ins. N. against the Company's land, its br. is
16 r. and 7 ft. W. against the Company's land 20 r.;
S. against Burger's land, 16 r., 4 ft.
1667
ie 29 Conf. GovernorNicoUs to Augustine Hermans. (Pats.
Alb., II: 62.) Recites gr-br. Kieft to above. May 15,
1647. Desc: Lot in the Smith's street, abutting upon
the land of Nicasius de Sille and Hans Kierstede. Con-
tains on E. side, 16 r., 9 ft., 7 ins.; N. side, 16 r., 7 ft.; June 29
W. side, 20 r., S. side, 16 r., 4 ft.
Note: When Heermans was confirmed as above, he
was possessed of only lots I and 2 of his grant. This
plot he retained until June 17, 1669 when he sold it to
Isaac Bedlow. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 157.)
1661
Deed. Augustine Heermans to Joannes and Daniel Ver- Nov. 7
velen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co. : 250.) Desc. : Lot N. of
Prince St.; bounded W. of ho. and lot of P. Menist, 7 r.,
2 ft., 6 ins.; N. by lot of J. Vervelen, 16 ft., E. lot of
Augustine Heerman, 7 r., 2 ft., 6 ins.; S. by street afsd.;
1 1 ft., 8 ins. Recites measured by J. Cortelyou, Nov.
22, 1661; also gr-br. May 15, 1647.
1656
Deed. Augustin Heerman to Symon Joosten. (Lib. A, Get. 25
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 59.) P. o. lot in Sheep Pasture,
bounded W. by lot of J. la Montagne, 100 ft.; N. side
Mr. N. de Sille, 50 ft.; S. side, 50 ft.; E. side, 100 ft.
Recites gr-br. May 15, 1647.
1657
Deed. Symon Joosten to Johannes de la Montagne, Mch. 31
Jr. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 88.) Desc:s. a. in
instrument recited immediately above.
1660
Deed. Augustine Heermans to Tielman Van Vleck, as Aug. 28
agent and atty. of Daniel Gabry. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y.
Co.: 214.) Desc: 2 lots numbers 3 and 4, W. of Smee
St.; bounded S. by lot of Heermans; W. by lot and
brewery of I. de Foreest and J. Vervelen. N. by lot of
Heermans; E. by street afsd.; lot Number 3: E. and W.
sides, 25 ft.; N. side, 6 r., 5 ft.; S. side, 5 r., 7 ft.; lot
Number 4: E. and W. sides 25 ft.; S. side, 6 r., $ h.;
N. side, 7 r., 2 ft. Lot Number ;: W. of Smee street,
bounded S. by lot of T. Van Vleck, 7 r., 2 ft.; bounded
W. by lot of Isaac de Foreest and J. Vervelen, 25 ft.;
N. by lot of Jacob Steendam, 8 r., 8 ins.; E. by Smee St.,
25 ft. Recites measured by J. Cortelyou, Aug. 28, 1660;
recites gr-br. May 15, 1647.
Deed. Augustine Heermans to Jacob Steendam. (Lib. Aug. 24
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 210.) Desc: Lot W. of Smee st.
Number 6: bounded S. by lot of Heermans, 8 r., 8 ins.;
N. by lot of Heermans, 9 r.; W. by Brewery and lot of
I. de Foreest and J. Vervelen, 25 ft.; E. by above street,
25 ft.; recites measured by J. Cortelyou Aug. 21, i66o;
recites gr-br. May 15, 1647.
Deed. Augustyn Heermans to Tielman Van Vleck, Aug. 28
atty. of Daniel de Gabry. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.:
214.) Lot Number 7, W. of Smee St.; bounded S. by lot
of Jacob Steendam, 9 r.; W. by land of I. de Foreest and
J. Vervelen, 25 ft.; N. by lot of Augustyn Heermans,
9 r., 10 ft.; E. by Smee St. 25 ft. Measured by J. Cortel-
you, Aug. 26, 1660; recites gr-br. May 15, 1647.
LOT 8
1654
Gr-br. to Nicasius De Sille. (HH-2: 8.) Desc: A May 22
jot on the Island of Manhattan, City of New Amsterdam,
in the Sheep Pasture, having the lots of Mr. La Mon-
tagne, Brian Nuton and Cornells van Ruyven adjoining
on the S. S. W.; extending in length along the said lots
24 r.; in front on the N. W by W. to the lot of Cornells
van Tienhoven, which adjoins the afsd. lot on the
N.N.W. In br., 7 r., 8 ft. and along the lot of said van
Tienhoven, 24 Rynland r.; in br. in the rear, E. by S..
3 r., 8 ft.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Nicasius De Sille. (Pats. July i
Alb., II: 63.) Recites gr-br. to De Sille. Desc: s. a.
in last above set forth instrument.
1658
Deed. Nicasius de Sille, 1st Councillor and fiscal for Feb. 7
West India Co. to Pieter Jansen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y.
396
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Feb. 7 Co.: 120.) Desc: Lot in Tuyn (Garden) street,
measured by J. Cortelyou, Dec. 5, 1657, is found from
point on N. side, 64 running ft.; S. side, 77 ft.; W. side,
49 ft. Recites gr-br.
^^S9 ■
Apl. 24 Deed. Nicasius de Sille to Bartholdus Maan. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 156.) Desc: Lot in Garden St.,
bounded E. by P. Jansen, 47 ft.; S. by lot of A. Anthony;
W. by the lot of Nicasius de Sille, 64 ft.; N. by st. Br. in
front on St., 36 ft.; rear 27 ft., according to conditions in
public sale on Apl. 5, this year, gr-br. Dec. 5, 1657.
1667
Apl. II Conf. Governor Nicolls to Willem Abrahams. (Pats.
Alb., II: 5.) Recites transport by Nicasius de Sille to
Bartholdus Maan, whose wid. and relict being married
unto Willem Abrahams . . . bearing date the 24th
Apl., 1659. Desc: s. a. in above instrument.
1658
Mch. 28 Deed. Nicasius de Sille, on behalf of West India
Company to Jan Pietersen (van Holstein). (Lib. A,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 125.) Desc: Lot in Sheep Valley;
E. side br. 7 ft.; N. side 89 ft.; W. side, on Prince
Graght, 29 ft.; S. side, 94 ft. Surveyed by J. Cortelyou
on Dec. 5, 1657. Recites gr-br. Dec. 5, 1657.
1660
June I Deed. Jan Pietersen Van Holstein to Tomas Wandel.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 178.) Desc: Lot E. of
Prince Graght, vpith ho. thereon; bounded N. by ho. and
lot of Fiscal De Sille, 89 ft.; E. by lot of same, 7 ft.; S.
by ho. and lot of H. Van Hoboken, 94 ft.; W. by above
graght, 20 ft. Recites deed Mch. 28, 1658.
1666
Mch. 15 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Thomas Wandall. (Pats.
Alb., IV: 21.) Desc: Cert, plot of ground with ho.
or tenement thereupon now in the tenure or occupation
of Thos. Wandall, of Mispath Hills or his assigns, lying
and being on the E. side of the st. called the Prince's
Graght or Ditch, having on the N. and E. sides the ho.
and ground belonging to Nicasius de Sille; on the S. that
of Harmen van Hoboochen and on the W. the st. before
named; confg on the E. side in br. 7 ft.; on the N. side
in length 89 ft.; on the W. side 29 ft. and on the S., 94 ft.
Hollands wood measure; which said plot of ground and
ho. was conveyed and transported over unto Thos.
Wandall by Jan Pietersen van Holstyn heretofore
proprietor, the said transport bearing date the ist of
June, 1660.
LOT 9
1654
May 22 Gr-br. to Cornells Van Tienhoven. (HH-2: 7.)
Desc: A lot on the Island of Manhattan, City of New
Amsterdam, in the Sheep Pasture, having the lot of Mr.
Nicasius de Sille on the S.SW.; extending in length
along the lot of De Sille, 24 r. Rhynland measure in
front extending in br. from the lot of De Sille to the
lot of Carl Van Brugge, N NE. 7 r., 8 ft. (Rynland)
and from the front corner of Van Brugge's lot N.NW.
24 r. in length and in the rear in br. bet. De Sille and
Van Brugge's lot about E. by S., 3 r., 8 ft.
1667
Oct. 3 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Creditors, &c. of Cornelius
Van Tienhoven. (Pats. Alb., II: 109.) Recites gr-br.
to Cornelys van Tienhoven, May 22, 1664. Desc: s. a.
preceding instrument.
1659
Sep. 15 Deed. Raghel van Tienhoven to Robert Roelantsen (of
Berlin). (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 173.) Desc: Lot
W. of Garden street, bounded S. by lot of N. de Sille,
II r.; W. by st. afsd., 30 ft.; N. by lot of J. Vinge, 10 r.,
7 ft.; E. by Smee st., i r. Surveyed by J. Cortelyou
June 22, 1659; recites gr-br., May 22, 1654.
1660
Deed. Robert Roelantsen to Hendrick van der Walle. Aug. 12
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 228.) Desc:s. a. preceding
instrument.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Paulus Richard. (Pats. Dec. 3
Alb., II: 143.) Recites transport of Aug. 12, 1660 from
Robert Roelans van Berlin to Hendrick van der Walle
and that Paulus Richard m. the wid. of the said Hendrick
van der Waal (sic). Desc: s. a. preceding instruments.
1660
Deed. Raghel van Tienhoven to Hendrick Barensen Aug. 12
Smith. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 229.) Desc: Lot
S, of Tuyn St., bounded S. W. by lot of N. de Sille; W.
by lot of H. van der Walle, 2 r., i ft. ; N. E. by above st.j
S. and N. sides, 7 r. Measured by J. Cortelyou, June 22,
1659. Recites gr-br. May 22, 1654.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Hendrick Barent Smith. June 12
(Pats. Alb., II: 49.) Recites transport by Rachel van
Tienhoven to above, Aug. 12, 1660. Desc: s. a. preced-
ing instrument.
BLOCK M
LOT I
1644
Gr-br. to Michael Marschan. (GG: 96.) Desc: A May —
lot for a ho. and garden lying on the Island of Manhat-
tans near to the Fort Amsterdam, extending along the
common ditch, 11 r. and 2 ft.; on the N. by the lot of
Pieter Hielander (Highlander), 5 r.; on the S. side, 6 r.,
8 ft., 5 ins.; on the E. side, 10 r., 4 ft., 6 ins.; amtg. to
71 r., 6 ft., 7 ins.
Note: The above set forth grant to one Marschan
was plainly an error. No such person appears ever after-
wards in the records of real estate transactions, and a
new grant was made out to one Adriaen Vinchardt,
(Vincent) within a few days, as is shown by the following
instruments:
Gr-br. to Adrian Vinchardt. Not found of record, but June 1
recited in conf., Nicolls to Vinchardt, Pats. Alb., II: 23.
1660
Deed. Adriaen Vinchant to Tomas Davidts. (Lib. May 1
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 192.) Recites gr-br. June I, 1644;
measured by J. Cortelyou, May I, 1660. Wood measure.
Desc: Lot E. of Heere Graght; S. by ho. and lot of
Adriaen Vincent, 71 ft.; W. by Graght, 25 ft.; N. by
lot of Vincent, 66 ft.; E. by the Deacons of this City,
25 ft.
1652
Deed. Adriaen Vincent to Symon Volckertsen. (HH: Sep. 25
3.) Desc: A ho. and lot next to Adriaen Vincent; in
br., on the W. side, 3 r., i ft.; on the E. side, 3 r., 1 ft.;
in length, on the S. side, 5 r., 6>^ ft.; on the N. side, 5 r.,
according to gr-br. of June i, 1644.
1658
Deed. Symon Folckertsen (Volckertsen) to Cornells June 26
Jansen Clopper. Not found of record, but recited in
instrument set forth below.
1661
Deed. Cornells Jansen Clopper to Abraham Jansen. Feb. i
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 226.) Recites measured by
J. Cortelyou, Apl. 12, 1660; according to Bill of Sale,
Dec. 2, 1658 and deed dated June 26, 1658. Desc: Lot
E. of Heere Graght; S. by ho. and lot of A. Vincent,
4 r> SJ^ ft-; W. by afsd. Graght, 3 r., i ft.; N. by ho.
and lot of J. Rutgersen, 3 r., 7 ft.; E. by lot of M.
Barensen, 3 r., i ft.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Adriaen Vinchardt. (Pats. May 9
Alb., II: 23.) Recites gr-br. June I, 1644 to said
THE DUTCH GRANTS
397
May 9 Adriaen Vinchardt. Desc: N. the fort striking along
the Common Graght, ii r., 2 ft.; on the N. side by the
ground of Peter Italian, 5 r.; on the S. side, 6 r., 8 ft.,
5 ins.; and on the E. side, 10 r., 4 ft., 2 ins.
LOT 2
June 19 Gr-br. to Adriaen Dericksen Coen. (HH-2: ll.)
Desc: A lot on the island of Manhattans bet. Evert
Duyckingh and Adriaen Vincent, being in br. along the
street or S. side, 3 r. and in the rear 5 r., saving yi ft.;
in length on the W. 5 r., 7 ft.; in rear of the ho. wherein
the negroes live in, br. 2 r., 6 ft.; along the said ho., 3 r. ;
in length on E., 8 r., 2 ft.
i6s7
Aug. II Deed. Adriaen Dircksen Coen to Jacob Van Couwen-
hoven. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 90.) Recites s. a.
gr-br. to Coen. Desc: Bet. E. Duyckinghs and A.
Vincent, on S. side or St., 3 r. and in rear, br. 5 r., less
yi. ft.; W. side long 5 r. and 7 ft. In rear the ho. the
negroes live in, br. 2 r., 6 ft.; along ditto ho., 3 r., E.
long 8 r., 2 ft. This conveyance also recites a "ho.
which Adriaen Dircksen Coen hath put upon it."
Sep. 21 Deed. Jacob Van Couwenhoven to Myndert Jacob-
sen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 102.) Recites gr-br.
to Coen. Desc: Lot bet. lots of A. Vincent and Joost
Goderus, surveyed by City Surveyor J. Cortelyou on
23rd — last found to contain as follows: on St., 3 ft.;
one side remaining on length of 3 r., 4 ft., 4 ins. where it
becomes broader near the (lot, house) of A. Vincent, to
2 r., 6 ft., on N. side, 3 r., i ft., 5 ins.; the entire E. side
long 8 r., 2 ft.; W. side, 5 r., 7 ft.
1661
Feb. I Deed. Myndert Barentsen to Abraham Jansen, some-
times called "Abraham Jansen Timmerman." (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 200.) Desc: Lot N. of Slyck
bounded W. by the ho. and lot of Adriaen Vincent; N.
by ho. and lot of J. Rutgersen Moreaen; E. by ho. and
lot of J. Goderus; S. by the st. afsd., 3 ft., 10 ins.,
leaving a passage (gangway) for length of 3 r., 5 ft., 9
ins.; there it enlarges in width near lot of A. Vincent to
zyi r., I ft., 3 ins.; wide in rear on N. side, 3 r., I ft.,
10 ins.; whole E. side, long 8 r., 2 ft., 7>^ins.; W. side,
5}^ r., 2 ft., dyi ins., according to measure of Jacques
Cortelyou (Surveyor). Recites deed Sep. 21, 1657.
1669
Mch. 17 Conf. Governor Lovelace to Abraham Jansen. (Pats.
Alb., Ill: 90.) Recites transport by Meyndert Barents,
Feb. I, 1661 to A. Jans. Desc: s. a. preceding instru-
ment.
Deed. Grantor probably Jacob W. Van Couwenhoven
(Rec. N. Am., I: 212.) to Cornells Hendricks Van Dort.
For desc: see deed, Aug. 13, 1657, set forth below.
Note: Cornells Hendricks van Dort died, bet. Jan. 18,
1655 and Nov. 9, 1655. (Rec. N. Am., I: 276; Min.
Orph. Court, under Nov. 9, 1655.) His wid., Magda-
leena Dircks m. Harmen Hendricks, Mch., 1657.
{Marr. in R. D. Ch.)
1657
Aug. 13 Deed. Harmen Hendricks to Joost Goderus. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 96.) Recites gr-br. to A. Dircksen
Coen, June 19, 1654 and now remaining in hands of Jacob
van Couwenhoven; recites according to measure by C.
Van Elslant, Oct. 5, 1655. Desc: A ho. and lot bet. E.
Duyckingh and M. Barents; br. in front on St., 2 r.,
7 ft.; in rear, br. i r., 8 ft.; long on E. side, 8 r., 2 ft.;
W. side, 8 r., 4 ft.
1667
Apl. II Conf. Governor NicoUs to Joost Goderus. (Pats.
Alb., II: 4.) Recites transport Harmen Hendricks to
Joost Goderus, Aug. 13, 1657. Desc: s. a. preceding
instrument.
LOT 3
1662
Gr-br. to Deacons of New Amsterdam. Not found of July 7
record, but recited in Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 3.
1663
Deed. Deacons of New Amsterdam to Govert Jan. 18
Loockermans. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 3.) Recites
gr-br. Desc: Lot N. of Slyck Steegh; bounded W. by
A. Vincent; N. and E. by Abraham the Carpenter; S.
by Steegh afsd. W. side, 45 ft., gins,; S. side, 40 ft.;
N. side, 32^ ft.; E. side, 43 ft., 5 ins.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Govert Loockermans. Apl. 3
(Pats. Alb., IV: 37.) Recites transport by Deacons to
Govert Loockermans, Jan. 18, 1663; said Loockermans
having admitted Jacques Cousseau to have the one-half
of the said lot. Desc: N. of the Slyck Steegh or the
Dirty Lane, having to the W. Adriaen Vincent's; to the
N. and E. Abraham Timmerman's and to the S. the said
lane, cont'g in br. and length on the W. side 45 ft.,
gins.; on the S., 40 ft.; on the N., 31 ft., 6 ins. and on
the E., 43 ft., S ins.
LOT 4
1646
Gr-br. to Abraham Rycken. (GG: 132.) Desc: A Feb. 4
lot for a ho. and garden lying on the Island of Manhat-
tans, along the ditch, heretofore occupied by Peter
Italiaen; it extends on the S. side in br. next the lot of
Adriaen Vinchan, 4 r., 8 ft.; along the ditch, 10 r.; its
br. on the N. side or on the road, 3 r.; on the E. side along
the lot of Lourens Petersen, 10 r., amtg. in all to 39 r.
1652
Deed. Abraham Rycken to Jochem Beeckman. Jan. 29
(Dutch MSS., Ill: loi.) Desc: For a lot in the Heere
Graght, measured off the gr-br. W. side, 3 r., N. side,
3 r.; in the rear, on the E. side, 3 r., y}4 ft., along Harck
Syboutsen, 3 r., ; ft., bet. Rycken and Beeckman.
1652
Deed. Same to same. (HH: 4.) Desc: A lot in Nov. 15
New Amsterdam, in br. on W., 3 r., 5 ft.; on N., 3 r.;
in rear, on E., along Harck Sybout's lot, 3 r., 5 ft.; on
S., 3 r., 5 ft.
Note: Re-recording the deed of Jan. 29 (supra).
165s
Deed. Abraham Rycken to Jochem Beeckman. (Lib. May 20
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 20.) Recites according to survey
by C. Van Elslant, May 5 last, and that in virtue of a
gr-br. to Rycken, Feb. 14 (sic), 1646. Desc: Lot E.
side Graft, N. by lot same as Rycken to Beeckman,
Nov. 15, 1652, along the highway to line of lot of H.
Syboutsen; br. on Graft or W. side, i r., 6 ft., long on N.
side, to lot of Syboutsen, 3 r.; br., E. side, 2 r.; long S.
side, 3 r.
1656
Deed. Jochem Beeckman to Lourens Andriessen Van June 29
Boskerck. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 54.) Recites deed
by Abr. Rycken to Jochem Beeckman, dated Nov. 13,
1652. Desc: Part of lot on E. side of Graft; on S. side
of Beeckman's ho., 6 rod feet in width; in front on the
street, on the W. side, so far as Beeckman's lot extends,
so that L. A. Van Boskerck with the conveyance to him
of a passage-way along the lot of Beeckman, runs in a
straight line of the same br.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jochem Beeckman. (Pats. June 8
Alb., II: 45.) Recites transport made by Abraham
Rycken, dated Nov. 15, 1652. Desc: In the street
commonly called the Heere Graft: cont'g in br. on the
W. side, 3 r., 5 ft.; N. side, 3 r.; E. side next to Harck
Sibout, 3 r., 5 ft.; S. side, 3 r., 5 ft. Recites Rycken to
Beeckman, May 20, 1655. Another lot lying on the
398
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
June 8 E. side of the afsd. Graft to the N. of the ground afore-
mentioned; bounded by the said lot and alongst the way
to the fence of the ground belonging to Harck Sybout,
being in br. on the W. side towards the Graft, i r.,
6 ft.; E. side, 2 r., N. side in length towards the said
Harck Sybout, 3 r., and S. side the like, 3 r.
1658
June 7 Deed. Abraham Rycken to Jan Rutgersen. (Lib. A,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 132.) Recites gr-br. Feb. 14, 1646
{sic); bill of sale dated — 1655. Desc. : Cert. ho. and
lot E. of Heere Graght; S. by lot of A. Jansen, 8 r., 3 ft.;
W. Heere Graght, front, 2 r., 4 ft.; N., ho. and lot of J.
Backer, 7 r., 6 ft.; E. by Glassmaker, 2 r., 2 ft. Measured
by C. van Elslant, Sr., Mch. 14, 1656.
1663
July 12 Deed. Paulus Leendersen Vandcr Grift and Govert
Loockermans, as Curators of the insolvent Estate of
Thomas Jansen Mingall, Deed, to William Hoffmeyer.
(Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 19.) Recites executorial deed,
July 10, 1663. Desc: T. Jansen's ho. and lot E. of
Heere Graft. Bounded N. and E. by ho. and lot of J.
Backer. W. the Graft. S. ho. and lot of Abraham the
Carpenter br. in front on St., 2 r., 4 ft.; long on S. side,
8 r., 3 ft.; br. on E. side, 2 r., 2 ft.; long N. side, 7 r.,
6 ft.
1667
May 22 Conf. Governor Nicolls to William Hoffmeyer.
(Pats. Alb., H: 33.) Recites transport Paulus Leen-
dertsen, by virtue of an executorship, bearing date the
1 2th July, 1663 to William Hoffmeyer. Desc: Lot
heretofore belonging to Thomas Jans, lying to the E.
of the Moate commonly called the Heere Graft, having
to the N. and E. Jacobus Backer; to the S. Abm. de
Timmerman and W. the afsd. Graft; cont'g in br. before
towards the street, 2 r., 4 ft.; and behind on the E. side,
2 r., 2 ft.; in length, on the S. side, 8 r., 3 ft.; and on the
N. side, 7 r., 6 ft.
LOT 5
1647
Mch. 12 Gr-br. to Lourens Pietersen (Norman). (GG: 175.)
Desc: A cert, lot lying bet. the lot of Pieter Highlander
and the lot of Evert Duyckingh; on the E. side, 10 r.,
6 ft.; on the S. side, next the lot of the Negroes, 4 r.,
9 ft. ; on the W. side, next to the lot of Pieter Highlander,
9 r., 7 ft.; on the N. side, in the front of the ho., 2 r.,
3 ft., 3 ins.; amtg. in all to 36 r., 6 ft., 2 ins. and 5 gr.
1656
Feb. 18 Deed. Lourens Pietersen (Norman) to Harck Sybout-
sen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 36.) Desc: E. side
Graft, bet. lot of E. Duyckinck and A. Rycken, and that
as br. and as long as large and small as it belonged to
Lourens Pietersen, according to gr-br. dated Mch. 12,
1647.
Mch. 22 Deed. Harck Syboutsen to Luycas Dircksen Van
Bergh. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 39.) Recites gr-br.
to Lourens Pietersen of Mch. 12, 1647. Desc: E. side
of the Graft, bet. lot of Jan Rutgersen on S. and
Jochem Beeckman on the N.; br. in front on Street or
W. side, 2 r., 5 ft.; br. in rear on the N. side, 8 r., ^}4 ft.;
long on S. side, 8 r., 6 ft.; E. side, 7 r., 5 ft. as measured
by Court Messenger; in virtue of deed by L. Pietersen,
Feb. 18, 1656.
June 29 Deed. Luycas Dircksen Van Bergh to Lourens
Andriessen Van Boskerck. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.:
53.) Recites s. a. Syboutsen to Van Bergh, Mch. 22 last.
Desc: s. a. preceding instrument.
June 24 Deed. Lourens Andriessen of Boskerck to Jochem
Beeckman. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 53.) Desc:
P. 0. lot of first party, near about the Graft in rear of
Jochem Beeckman's lot abutting on E. side lot of Evert
Duyckingh and on W. and N. sides, J. Beeckman; S.
side by Andriessen; broad on W. side, 5 r.; br. on N. side.
5 r., 23^ ft.; E. side, 5 r., 3 ft.; S. side, 3 r., 6}4 h. June 24
Recites in virtue of deed by L. Dircksen to Andriessen.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jochem Beekman. (Pats. June 8
Alb., H: 44.) Recites transport Lawrence Andriessen
van Boskerck to Beeckman, dated June 29, 1652. Desc:
Near the Graft behind ground belonging to Beeckman,
abutting on the E. to Evert Duyckings; on the W. and
N. sides, Jochem Beeckman and on the S. side the fore-
named Lawrence Andriessen. Cont'g s. a. instrument
preceding.
1656
Deed. Lourens Andriessen van Boskerck to Jacobus June 29
Backer. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 55.) Desc: E.
side Graft; bounded bet. lots of J. Beeckman on N. side,
E. Duyckingh on E. side, Jan Rutgersen on S. side; br.
in front on st. or W. side, 3 r., i ft., and in rear like br.;
length both sides, from st. to E. Duyckingh. Recites
deed L. Dircksen and J. Beeckman to Lourens Andriessen,
of even date.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jacobus Backer. (Pats. June 29
Alb., H: 62.) Recites above deed. Desc: E. side the
Graft bet. Jochem Beeckman's on the N. side; of Evert
Duyckings on the E.; and of Jan Rutgers on the S.
Cont'g in br. before towards the St., on W. side, 3 r.,
I ft.; and behind, the like; in length both sides of the
way upon a right line as far as to Evert Duyckings,
his lots.
LOT 6
1643
Gr-br. to Evert Duyckingh. (GG: 67.) Desc: Lot June 22
bounded on the E. side by the lot of the wid. of Claes de
Veeringh and on the W. by the lot of the Negroes; lying
next and bordering on and in the rear of this lot is the
Marsh of the Company; extending in br. in front along
the road 10 r., 2 ft., 2 ins. and 4 gr. On the E. side in
the length, 12 r., 7 ft., 4 ins., 6 gr. on the Company's
Marsh; in the br., 10 r., i ft., 6 ins., 5 gr.; and on the
side of the Negroes, 10 r., I ft., 3 ins.; amtg. to 151 r.,
3 ft., 4 ins. and 6 gr.
Note: Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch: 367 recites that Duyck-
ingh got an addition to his patent, Apl. 30, 1650.
Probably the land bet. his grant and the st. Not men-
tioned in the conf. Nicolls to Duyckingh set forth below.
1657
Deed. Evert Duyckinck to Wm. Abrahamsen [Van Aug. 27
der Borden] and Lubbert Roelantsen. {Dutch MSS.,
ni: 142.) Desc: S. of High St., bounded on the W.
by Joghem Beeckman, shoemaker; N. by the afsd. St.;
E. by Jan Reyersen; S. by him, the ho. and lot belonging
to the grantor. Survey by Jacques Cortelyou, July 6,
1658; N. side, 65 ft. from the corner; S. side the same;
W. side, no ft.; E. side, 94 ft.
1662
Deed. Willem Abrahamsen Van der Borden to Robert Aug. 24
Roelantsen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 277.) Recites
deed Aug. 26, 1658 {sic). Desc: >2 part of ho. and lot
S. of Prince St., bounded on E. by lot of Jan Reyersen,
94 ft.; S. by ho. and lot of E. Duyckinck, 24 ft.; W. by
lot of J. Backer, no ft.; N. by st. afsd., 22 ft.
1667
Conf Governor Nicolls to Jacobus Backer. (Pats. June 29
Alb., H: 61.) Recites transport by Robert Roelantsen
and William Abrahams Van der Borden to Jacobus
Backer: Desc: (l) S. of Prince's Graft, having to the
W. Jochem Beeckman; to the N. the afsd. St.; to the
E. the lot of said Robert Roelants and Wm. Abrahams;
to the S. the lot of Evert Duyckings. Cont'g on the
N. side, along the way, 44 ft., 8 ins.; S. side, 42 ft.; E.
side, 94 ft.; W. side, no ft. Recites Evert Duyckings
and Reiner Ganckes did upon the same day transport
THE DUTCH GRANTS
399
June 29 to said Backer another lot (2): Desc: Having to the
W. the lot transported as afsd. unto Backer by Robert
Roelants and Wm. Abrahams; to S. the ho. and ground
of the said Evert Duyckings and Reinier Ganckes; to
the E. Jochem Beeckman's; and to the N. the St.; being
on E. side, no ft.; W. side, 127 ft.; N. side, 33 ft.; S.
side, 32 ft.
1658 ^
July 6 Deed. Evert Duyckingh to Sibout Clasen, Agent for
' Acct. of Jan Reinders. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 133.)
Recites gr-br. to Duyckingh, June 22, 1643; bill of sale,
Apl. 17, 1655. Desc: Lot in Slyck St.; W. by lot of
Evert Duyckingh; E. by lot of Do. Megapolensis,
measured by J. Cortelyou, July 4, 1658; S. side, 28 ft.,
N. side, 28 ft.; E. side, long 177 ft.; W. side, 179 ft.
1664
June 21 Deed. Sybout Clasen, Atty. of Jan Reindersen to
Arent Fransen Vander Bruel. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y.
Co.: 40.) Recites deed July 6, 1658. Desc: s. a. above.
1667
Sep. 9 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Evert Duyckingh. (Pats.
Alb., II: 95.) Recites gr-br. Desc: To the E. by land
then belonging to the wid. of Claes Veringh and to the
W. by the Negroes' plantations, next to his own land
and behind the valley or meadow grounds heretofore
belonging to the West India Company. Striking in br.
towards the highway, 10 r., 2 ft., 2 ins., 4 gr.; and behind
towards the valley or meadow, 10 r., i ft., 6 ins., 5 gr.
In length on E. side, 12 r., 7 ft., 4 ins., 6 gr. and on that
side towards the Negroes, 19 r., I ft. and 3 ins.; in all
amtg. to 150 r., 3 ft., 4 ins., 6gr.; which said patent
or gr-br. bears date June 22, 1643.
Note: This conf is erroneous inasmuch as it affects
the entire contents of the gr-br. As shown by instru-
ments set forth above, Duyckingh had, before the date
of conf. divested himself of much of his land.
LOT 7
1650
Apl. 24 Gr-br. to Johannes Megapolensis. Not found of
record, but recited in subsequent instruments.
Note: This land had previously belonged to Claes
Sybrant de Veringh who d. before July 3, 1643 when a
marriage contract was made bet. his wid. Maritje Pieters
and Brant Peelen. (Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch: 23.)
1663
Mch. 10 Deed. Johannes Megapolensis to Jan Hendricks Van
Bommell. Not found of record, but recited in conf.
set forth below.
1668
Feb. 14 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jan Hendricks Van Bom-
mell. (Pats. Alb., II: 170.) Recites transport above.
Desc: On the N. side of the Slyck Steegh being on W.
of Engelbert Steenhuyters. Bet. Slyck Steegh and
Prince's St.; 30 ft. on N. side; 52 ft. on S. side.
1663
Mch. 10 Deed. Do. Johannes Megapolensis to Pieter Gysen
Van Doornyck. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 3.) Desc:
Lot S. of Prince St.; W. of lot of Susanna the Negress,
E. of Jan Hendricksen van Bommel, measured by J.
Cortelyou and found N. side, 37 ft., 9 ins.; S. side, 38 ft.;
E. side, 46 ft.; W. side, 61 ft. Recites gr-br. Apl. 24,
1650.
Apl. — Deed. Pieter Gysen to Michael Tades. Not found
of record, but recited in conf. set forth below.
1668
May 15 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Michael Tades. (Pats.
Alb., Ill: 33.) Recites transport Megapolensis to Pieter
Gyles, (j-iV) Mch. 10, 1663, cert, lot S. of Princes St.,
being to the W. of the lot of Susanna ye Negrine and to
E. of Jan Hendricks van Bommell, cont'g on the N. side,
27 ft., 9 ins.; on the S. side, 38 ft.; on the E. side, 46 ft.
and on the W. side, 61 ft., out of which said lot there
was, in the month of Apl., 1663, transported by the said May 15
Pieter Gyles unto Michael Tades parte or proportion
thereof, cont'g in br. on S. and N. sides, 22 ft., in length
on E. side, 45 ft. and on W. side, 55 ft.
Note: Land of Susanna, a free negress. She was
named Susanna Anthony Robberts, according to an
entry in Lachaire's Register, under date of Feb. 14,
1661. No deed of record found into or from her, but
in 1691, Anthony Sarley, of the Bowery, conveys the
land. (Lib. 9, Deeds, Albany: 223.)
1663
Deed. Johannes Megapolensis to Sarah, wid. of Hans Mch. lo
Hansen. Not found of record, but recited in conf. set
forth below.
1668
Conf Governor Nicolls to Sarah, wid. of Hans Hans. Feb. 12
(Pats. Alb., II: 163.) Recites transport by Megapolen-
sis unto said Sarah, Mch. 10, 1663. Desc: S. side
Prince's Graft, bounded W. side by Michiel Jans; E.
side by Susanna the Negrine; cont'g in br. on N. and S.
sides, 25 ft.; and on E. side, 51 ft., 6 ins.; W. side, 69 ft.
1659
Deed. Johannes Megapolensis to Rut Jacobsen. Not Oct. 4
found of record, but recited in deed Rutger Jacobsen
to Joannes Withart, recorded in Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y.
Co.: 252.
1663
Deed. Do. Megapolensis to Engelbert Steenhuysen. Mch. 10
(Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 4.) Desc: Lot S. of Prince
St., bounded E. of Jan H. van Bommel; W. of Susanna
the negress and R. Jacobsen; N. of Slyck Steegie;
measured by J. Cortelyou and found N. side, 38 ft.; S.
side, 40 ft.; long on each side, 90 ft. Recites gr-br. Apl.
24, 1650.*
*Cf. Lachaire's Rfgist^r, Oct. 10, 1662.
1649
Deed. Wessel Evertsen to Rut Jacobsen. {Dutch Oct. 4
MSS.,111: 67.) Desc: Lot on the Highway, "to the W.
of the ho. and smith's shop of Burger Jorissen," in br.
40 ft.; in length, 88 ft., on the Highway; by virtue of a
gr-br. dated July 2, 1646.
1661
Deed. Rutger Jacobsen to Joannes Withart. (Lib. Nov. 12
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 252.) Desc: His ho. and lot N.
of Hoogh straat (at present occupied by Mr. Isaac
Bedloe) bounded W. by a little lane {gangetje), 151 ft.;
E., ho. and lot of T. Wandel, 151 ft.; S.E. side, 40 ft.;
N.W. side, 44 ft. Measured by J. Cortelyou, Nov. 12,
1661. Recites deed Oct. 4, 1659. Written consent of
Do. J. Megapolensis, dated Nov. 12, 1661. Ho. and lot
were sold at public sale, Sep. 16, 1660.
Deed. Simon Jansen Romein, as atty. for J. Withart, Sep. 12
to Isaac Bedloe. Not found of record but recited in conf.
set forth below.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Isaac Bedloe. (Pats. Alb., Apl. I
IV: 34.) Recites a transport by Simon Jansen Romein
(as Atty. for Joannes Withart) to Bedloe, Sep. 12, 1661.
Desc: Lying on the N. part of the High St. now in the
tenure or occupation of the said Isaac Bedloe, having
on the W. a cert, alley and on the E. Thomas Wandell;
cont'g on the S.E. side 40 ft.; on the N.W. side, 44 ft.,
being in length on both sides, 151 ft.
LOT 8
1644
Gr-br. to Hendrick Jansen, Tailor. (GG: 89.) Desc: Jan. 20
A lot lying on the Island of Manhattans for two hos.,
extending in front, 10 r., 6 ft. and i gr.; behind, in br.,
14 r., I ft. and 4 ins.; on the W. side in length, 15 r.,
2 ft.; lies E. of the Fort, on the E. (W.) end of Tymen
Jansen's lot on the East river; amtg. to 156 r., 3 ft.,
7 ins. and 5 gr.
400
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
1644
Sep. 16 Deed. Hendrick Jansen to Burger Jorissen. {Dutch
MSS., II: 124.) Desc: A ho., garden and brewery.
1655
July 20 Deed. Burger Jorissen to Marcus Hendricksen Vogel-
sang (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 25). Desc: Having on
the S. side, Heere Wegh; on W. side ho. and lot of Rut
Jacobsen; N. side of lot of A. Hermann, 2 r., 2 ins.; E.
side the appearer's (Jorissen's) smithy; br. in front S.
side, 2 r., 2 ins. clear, besides the drop on both sides of
the ho. N. side the like, 2 r., 2 ins.; long as belongs to
Burger Jorissen according to the gr-br. Is on W. side,
15 r., 2 ft. and runs in an oblique line towards E. end
of his lot, 9 r., i ft., 4 ins.; in virtue of a deed by H.
Jansen to Burger Jorissen, Sep. 16, 1644.
1656
Apl. 4 Deed. Marcus Vogelsang to Michiel Jansen. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 40.) Desc: Lot abutting on S.
side the Highway (de Heere Wegh) ; on W. side, ho. of R.
Jacobsen; E. side. Burger Jorissen; N. side, land of A.
Anthony; in br. and length as in possession. S. a. prece-
ding instrument, which is recited.
1663
Oct. I Deed. Fytje Hartmans, wid. of Michael Jansen and
Nicholaas Jansen, Guardian, to Meindert Barensen
(Cooper). (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 25.) Recites
deed Apl. 4, 1656. Desc: Her cert. ho. and lot S. of
Prince St., bounded E. by ho. and lot of G. Jans, wid.
of R. Stoffelsen; S. by ho. and lot of Teunis Gysbertsen;
N. by the st. afsd. Measured by J. Cortelyou, Sep. 25,
1663: N. side, 31 ft., 8 ins.; S. side, 31 ft., 5 ins.; E. side,
87 ft., 4 ins.; W. side, 91 ft.
1667
July 29 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Meyndert Barents. (Pats.
Alb., 11:83.) Recites two transports. For first, see conf.
to Barents set forth above.
Desc. (2): Ffitjie Hartmann, wid. of Michael Jans
transported to above, Oct. I, 1663, a lot S. side Prince's
St., having to the E. Geertie Jans, widow of Reyer
Stoffell; to the S. that of Thomas Wandall, to the W.
Teunis Gysberts and to the N. the St. above-named.
Cont'g on N. side, 31 ft., 5 in.; E. side, 87 ft., 4 ins.; W.
side, 9 1 ft.
1658
Aug. 26 Deed. Michael Jansen to William Herrick. Not
found of record, but recited in conf. set forth below.
1666
Mch. 15 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Thomas Wandall. (Pats.
Alb., IV: 16.) Recites transport by Michael Jansen to
William Herrick, dated Aug. 26, 1656; Thos. Wandall
hath m. the wid. and relict of said William Herrick;
NOW, &c. Desc: N. side of High St., having to the E.
Dirck Jansen van Deventer; on the S. the said High
St.; W. Rut Jacobsen; N. the Brew ho. of Michael
Jansen; cont'g N. side, 31 ft., 8 ins.; E. and W. sides,
7 r., 7 ft., 5 ins.; on the S. side, 26 ft., 4 ins., Hollands
wood measure.
1660
Apl. 14 Deed. Burger Jorissen to Geertje Reyersen, wid. of
Reyer Stoffelsen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 183.)
Recites deed Sep. 16, 1644. Desc: Lot W. of Smee
St.; bounded S. by ho. and lot of M. Barentsen, 4 r.,
I ft., 4 ins.; W., the ho. and lot of M. Jansen, 5 r. N. by
Prince St., 5 r., i ft.. Sins.; E. by above-named St.,
3 r., 6ft., gins.; according to survey by J. Cortelyou,
Nov. 9, 1659.
1667
July 29 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Geertie Jans Stoffel.
(Pats. Alb., II: 84.) Recites transport to above by
Burger Jorissen, Apl. 14, 1660. Desc: s. a. preceding
instrument.
i65o
Deed. Burger Joris to Meyndert Barents. Not found Apl. 14
of record, but recited in conf. set forth below.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Meyndert Barents. (Pats. July 29
Alb., II: 83.) Recites transport bearing date Apl. 14,
1660 by Burger Joris to above. Desc: W. side of Smee
St., having to the S. Dirck Jansen van Deventer, to the
W. Thomas Wandall; to the N. said Burger Joris; and
to E. the St. afsd. Cont'g on E. side, 3 r., 4 ft., 8 ins.;
W. side, 3 r., 9ft., gins.; in length, S. side, 3 r., 4ft.,
4 ins.; N. side, 4 r., i ft., 4 ins.
1657
Deed. Burger Jorissen to Peter Taelman. Not found June 5
of record, but recited in mtge. set forth below.
Mtge. Pieter Taelman to Burger Joris. {Allies. Oct. 4
1654.-60: 64.) Desc: Cert. ho. and lot situated bet.
Michiel Janse and the newly surveyed street (Smee St.).
Recites deed of June ; last.
1658
Deed. Pieter Talman to Dirck Jansen van Deventer. July 31
Not found of record, but recited in conf. set forth below.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Dirck Jansen Van Deven- July 17
ter. (Pats. Alb., II: 78.) Recites transport by Pieter
Talman to above July 31, 1658. Desc: E. side Smee
St. to S. of High St.; to the W. of lot heretofore of
William Herrick; to the N. of Meyndert the Cooper's;
cont'g in br. on S. side, i r., g ft., 5 ins.; N. side, 3 r.,
2 ft.; in length on E. side, Jr., 5 ft., 5 ins.; W. side,
the same.
Note: Read above desc. as follows: Having to E.
side, Smee St.; to S. side. High St.; to N. side, Meyndert
the Cooper; to W. side, Wm. Herrick.
BLOCK N
LOT I
1646
Gr-br. to Govert Loockermans. (GG: 158.) Desc: Sep. 15
A cert, lot lying on the Island of Manhattans on the
ditch, over against Pieter Wolphertsen's for the purpose
of having the same built upon, agreeably to order; and
whereas Anthony Jansen has been warned to improve it
and the same he does not do, but leaves the lot to be an
offensive pool; therefore, for the afsd. reason, we do
hereby from this time forth annul the transport given
to Anthony Jansen and therefore the afsd. lot extending
along the ditch or on the W. side 6 r. ; on the S. side on
the public road, its br. is 4 r., 3 ft.; on the E. side next
to the lot of Michael Paulissen, 6 r., 6 ft.; in the rear,
on the N. end its br. is 2 r., 5 ft., amtg. in all to ig r.
We do present the same to Govert Loockermans to build
upon.
Note: The following conf. of the above is to Jacob
van Couwenhoven. Van Couwenhoven was the brother-
in-law of Loockermans and Loockermans would appear
to have conveyed to Van Couwenhoven. No deed is
found of record, but Van Couwenhoven is repeatedly
found mortgaging portions of the premises and was
undoubtedly the real owner.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jacob Van Couwenhoven. Jan. 14
(Pats. Alb., II: 152.) Recites gr-br. to Anthony
Jansen, May 18, 165 1 transported over by Anthony
Jansen to Jacob Van Couwenhoven. Desc: E. side of
the Graft alongst said Graft on the W. side of the lot,
7 r., 2 ft. and on E. side, 7 r., 5 ft. In br. on S. side
before towards the Highway, 3 r., 6 ft. and on the N.
side, 2 r., 6 ft.
THE DUTCH GRANTS
401
LOT 2
Jan.
1647
Gr-br. to Michael Paulussen. (GG: 163.) Desc:
Lot for a ho. and garden lying at the E. end of Anthony
Jansen's lot; its br. in front (of the lot) or on the S. side
is 3 r., 2 ft., 5 ins.; on the E. and next Barent Jansen's
7 r., I ft., 3 ins., 4 gr.; on the N. side, 2 r., 6 ft., 2 ins.;
on the W. side its length next Anthony Jansen's 7 r.,
8 ft., amtg. all together to 22 r., 3 ft., 8 ins. and 9 gr.
Note: Jacob W. Van Couwenhoven was in possession
of this lot by Jan. 31, 1659, when he mortgaged it to
Pieter Rudolphus {Mtges., 1654-60: 122). No deed is
found of record to Van Couwenhoven. His heirs sell it,
Dec. 12, 1670. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 175.} The
above set forth conf. Nicolls to Van Couwenhoven did
not cover this lot (see Lot Number I, this block), so a
conf. was obtained from Governor Lovelace, Oct. 21,
1670. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 175.)
LOT 3
1649
May 3 Gr-br. to Barent Jansen. Not found of record, but
recited in instruments set forth below.
1662
Oct. 13 Deed. Claas Karstensen to Aldert Coninck. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 282.) Desc: His ho. and K part
of gr-br. N. of Hoogh Straat; bounded W. by Brewery
of Jacob Van Couwenhoven, 7 r., 3 ft., 8 ins.; N. by
Slyck Steegh, i r., 8 ft.; E. ho. and lot of A. Levy, 7 r.,
8 ft.; S. by Hoogh Straat, 1 r., 9 ft., i in. With free
drop on E. side of 8 ins.; recites gr-br. to B. Jansen,
May 3, 1649.
1663
25 Deed. Burgomasters to Aldert Coninck. (Lib. A,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 283.) Desc: N. side ground of above
deed; a strip of land E. side, long 3 ft., W. side, 4 ft.
25 Deed. Claas Karstensen, as atty. of Jan Barentsen
Kunst to Aldert Coninck. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.:
13.) Recites }i part of gr-br. May 3, 1649. Desc:
Ho. and lot N. of Hoogh Straat. Bounded E. by the lot
of Joghem the Baker; S. by the Hoogh Straat; W. the
ho. or brew-house and lot of J. van Couwenhoven; N. by
the Slyck Steegh.*
*This desc. covers the entire gr-br., erroneously, inasmuch as
only the W'ly half of the grant is conveyed.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Aldert Coninck. (Pats.
Alb., H: 119.) Recites transport by Claes Kaarsten
Oct. 13, 1662. Desc: On N. side High St. having on W.
the brew-house of Jacob van Couwenhoven; on N. side,
the Slyck Steegh; on E. side. Asset Levy; on S. side, the
High St.; cont'g in br. before towards said street on S.
side, I r., 9 ft., I in.; behind on the N. side, i r., 8 ft.;
in length, on W. side, 7 r., 3 ft., 8 ins.; on E. side, 7 r.,
8 ft.; with space for a gutter on E. side, of 8 ins. AND
WHEREAS the Burgomasters did, on 25 Apl., 1663,
for valuable consideration convey to Aldert Coninck a
small stroke of land lying on the N. side of the lot afore-
mentioned cont'g in length on the E. side, 3 ft. and on the
W. side, 4 ft. Conf. same.
1662
Oct. 13 Deed. Jacob W. Van Couwenhoven to Aldert
Coninck. Not found of record, but recited in conf. set
forth below.
1667
Oct. 14 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Aldert Coninck. (Pats.
Alb., H: 118.) Recites transport Jacob W. van Cou-
wenhoven to Aldert Coninck, Oct. 13, 1662. Desc: A
cert, alley or passage lying and being on the N. of the
High Street, bet. the lots of the said Jacob Wolferts
(van Couwenhoven) and Claes Karstens. Cont'g on
Apl.
Apl.
Oct.
14
the S. side 6 ft.; on the NE. side, in length 3 r., 10 ft.; Oct. 14
on the W. side, along 13 ft., br. there 5 ft.; then forwards
on the W. side in length 5 ft. in br. there 8 ft., 4 ins.;
further in length on the W. side, 2 r., ; ft. Recites
Whereas Claes Kaarsten, as atty. for John Barens
Kunst did upon Apl. 25, 1663, transport to said Aldert
Coninck all the title, &c. to lot lying next to said Claes
Kaarstens N. side High St., having to the E. Jochem the
Baker; to the S. the High St.; to the W. the brew-house
of Jacob Wolferts van Couwenhoven; and to the N. the
lane or st. commonly called the Slyck Steegh; cont'g
in br. and length as in the gr-br. and a former transport
bearing date Oct. 13, 1662 is set forth.
1653
Deed. Claes Carstensen (Norman) to Jan Nagel. Oct. 15
(HH: 55.) Desc: A ho. and lot lying W. of Jochim
Calder; in br. i r., 1 ft.; in length on the W., 7 r., 3 ft.,
8 ins.; in length on the E., 7 r., 8 ft.; lying in the Breur's
(Brewers') St. in the city of New Amsterdam.
1662
Deed. Barent Gerritsen, having m. the wid. of Jan June 8
Nagel to Asset Levy. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 268.)
Desc: Lot N. of Hoogh St., bounded W. by ho. and lot
of C. Karstensen, 7 r., 3 ft., 8 ins.; N. by Slyck Steegh,
1 r., I ft.; E. by ho. and lot of J. Blanck, 7 r., 8 ft.; S.
by St. afsd., in front or St. side, or S. side, i r., 4 ft.
Recites deed Oct. 15, 1653.
Deed. Asset Levy to Jochem Backer. Not found of
record, but recited in conf. set forth below.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jochem Backer. Recites July 4
conveyance by Asset Levy to Jochem Backer. Desc:
s. a. deed Gerritsen to Levy {supra).
LOT 4
1645
Gf-br. to Jochim Calder. (GG: ill.) Desc: One Sep. 30
lot for a ho. and garden, lying betwixt Pieter Schoor-
steenveeger (chimney sweeper) and the lot of Michiel;
its br. in front is 3 r.; in the rear or on the N. side, 3 r.;
on the E. side next to Pieter Schoorsteenveeger is 6 r.,
2 ft, and 7 ins.; amtg. to 19 r., 3 ins. and 5 gr.
1663
Deed. Gysbert Teunissen, having m. the wid. of July 9
Jochim Calder to Joghim the Baker. (Lib. B, Deeds,
N. Y. Co.: 18.) Recites gr-br. Sep. 30, 1645. Desc:
Lot N. of Hoogh St., bounded W. by ho. and lot of A.
Coninck; N. by the Slyck Steegh; E. by the ho. and lot
of J. Backer; S. by the Hoogh Stiaat; br. front on St.
and rear, 21 ft., 3 ins.; length E. side, 6 r., 2 ft., 7 ins.;
W., 6 r., 7 ins.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jochem Backer.* (Pats. July 4
Alb., H: 67.) Recites marriage of Gilbert Teunis to
wid. of Jochem Kild' (Jochem Calder). That Teunis
transported to Backer, July 9, 1663. Desc: Adjoining
the former lot (see conf. to Backer before set forth),
having W. Aldert Coninck; to the N. the street before
mentioned; to the E. Jochem Backer and to the S. the
High Street; being in br. towatds the street and behind,
21 ft., 7 ins.; and on the W. side, 6 r., 7 ft.
*Jochem Wesselssen. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 197.)
1660
Deed. Gysbert Teunis having m. the wid. of Joghim Apl. 5
Colier (Calder), to Arian Van Laer. Not found of
record, but recited in conf. set forth below.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Ariaen Van Laer. (Pats. May 6
Alb., HI: 23.) Recites that Gysbert Teunis having m.
the wid. of Joghim Colier (Jochim Calder) did upon
Apl. 5, 1660, transport to Ariaen van Laer: Desc: A
cert, lot to the N. of the High St. having to the W. the
housing and lot of the said Gysbrecht (sic) Teunis; to
402
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
May 6 the N. of st. called the Slyck Steegh; to E. of ho. and
lot of Thomas Wandall and to the S. the st. afsd. Cont'g
in br. on the S. side, i8 ft.; N., the like; in length on the
E. side, 7 r., 9 ft., 6 ins. and on the VV. side, 7 r., 8 ft.,
7 ins.
LOT 5
1645
Oct. 19 Gr-br. to Peter Andriessen. (GG: 121.) Desc: A
cert, lot for a ho. and garden lying behind the Public
Tavern (Stadt Harberg) betwixr Jacob Wolphertsen and
Jochim Calder. Its br. before on the street is 3 r. ; on
the E. side its length is 8 r., ; ft.; on the W. side next
Jochim Calder its length is 7 r., 5 ft. and 7 ins.; amtg.
in all to 24 r., i ft., 5 gr.
1654
Apl. 17 Deed. Peter Andriessen to Cornelys de Potter and
Cornelys Steenvvick. Not found of record, but recited
in conf. set forth below.
Aug. 31 Deed. Cornelys de Potter and Cornelys Steenwick
to William Herrick. Not found of record, but recited
in conf. set forth below.
1661
Mch. II "Pieter Andriessen, alias the Chimney Sweep, asks
for a conveyance of the lot bought from the City, and
is ordered to go to the President [of the Burgomasters]
for a note." {Min. of Orph. Ct., II: 85.)
(In front of his grant, part of Slyck Steegh.)
1666
Mch. 22 Conf Governor Nicolls to Thomas Wandall. (Pats.
Alb., IV: 23.) Recites transport by Pieter Andriessen
to Cornelys de Potter and Cornelys Steenwick 17th Apl.,
1654 out of a cert, patent or gr-br. Kieft to Andriessen,
Oct. 19, 1645; and the said Cornelys de Potter and
Cornelys Steenwick having likewise on the 31st Aug.,
1654 transported over to William Herrick of Mespath
Hills the same lot; and said Wandall having m. the wid.
and relict of Herrick. Desc: Behind the fence belonging
to the State House, abutting on the E. side to the ho.
and lot of Pieter Andriessen, on the W. upon Jochem
Calder, and having on the S. the St.; cont'g in br. towards
the said St., i r., 5 ft., 8 ins., in length on the E. side,
8 r., I ft.; on the W. 7 r., 8>^ ft., and behind to the st.
on the N. side in br. i r., 5 ft., 8 ins., which said ho. and
lot was on the 17th Apl., 1654 transported, &c., &c., as
above recited.
1667
Apl. 20 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Pieter Andriessen's Wid.
(Pats. Alb., II: 12.) Recites gr-br. Kieft to Andriessen,
Oct. 19, 1645. Desc: Behind the State Ho., bet. Jacob
Wolphertsen and Jochim Calder; cont'g in br. before
towards the St., 3 r., in length on the E. side, 8 r., 5 ft.;
and on the W. side, next to Jochim Calder's, 7 r., 5 ft.,
7 ins.
Note: Wid. of Andriessen named Grieteyn Gerretsen.
6
Dec.
LOT
1645
Gr-br. to Jacob Wolphertsen (Van Couwenhoven).
(GG: 130.) Desc: A cert, lot for a dwelling-ho.,
brewery and garden, lying behind the Public Inn, bet.
the lots of Wessel Evcrtsen and Pieter Schoorsteenveger;
its br. in front is 5 r., 4 ft., 2 ins.; its length on the E. side
9 r., 5 ft., 6 ins.; and on the W. side its length is 8 r.,
5 ft.; amtg. in all to 47 r., 3 ft., I in.
1657
Mch. 21 Deed. Wessel Evertsen to Jacob Van Couwenhoven.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 86.) Desc: Part of lot of
Wessel Evertsen on E. side of ho. and lot of Jacob Van
Couwenhoven and on W. side M. Paulissen's ho.,
formerly occupied by Wessel Evertsen, S. side front 9 ft.;
N. side, rear, 9 ft. and long same as other lots adjoining;
in virtue of gr^br. to Evertsen, July 2, 1646.
1656
Deed. Jacob Van Couwenhoven to Nicolaes d'Meyer, Dec. 20
of Holsteyn. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 83.) Desc:
A cert, lot situate N. of City Hall, abutting on W. side
on ho. of P. Andries and bet. the stone ho. sold at auction
to Nicolaes d'Meyer, where the mill stands; br. in front
on St. or S. side, 3 r., i ft.; in rear on N. side, 3 r., l4 ft.;
long, front Cij St. to rear on fence as it now lies, and that
in virtue of gr-br. to Van Couwenhoven, Dec. 12, 1643.
(Should be 1645.)
1657
Deed. Jacob Van Couwenhoven to Nicolaes d'Meyer. Mch. 21
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 87.) Desc: A cert, stone
ho. and lot N. of City Hall, abutting on W. side on lot
conveyed by party of first part on Dec. 20 last to party
of second part {supra) bounded E. side by M. Paulis-
sen's ho.; S. side front on St., 3 r., ^ ft.; N. side, rear,
3 r., yi ft.; long s. a. other lots. According to gr-br. to
Van Couwenhoven, Dec. 12, 1645 and deed by Wessel
Evertsen to Van Couwenhoven, date hereof (Lib. A,
Deeds, N.Y. Co.: 86.)
1667
Conf Governor Nicolls to Nicholas De Meyer. June 27
(Pats. Alb., II: 55.) Recites gr-br. to Jacob Wolphert-
sen van Couwenhoven, Dec. 12, 1645. That by two
several transports, dated respectively Dec. 20, 1656 and
Mch. 21, 1657, the property described was made over
to Nicholas de Meyer (van Holstyn). Desc: Lot,
dwcUing-ho., brew-ho. and garden lying behind the
State Ho., betwixt the lots of Wessell Evertsen and
Pieter Schoorstenveger; cont'g in br. before 5 r., 4 ft.,
2 ins. and behind, 5 r., 5 ft., 6 ins.; in length on E. side,
9 r., 3 ft., 5 ins.; and on W. side, 8 r., 5 ft.; amtg. in all
to 47 r., 3 ft., I in. AND WHEREAS Wessell Evertsen
transported to Jacob Wolpherts, Mch. 21, 1657, part
of his lot lying on the E. of his ho. and on the W. to that
belonging to Michael Paulissen; cont'g in br. as well
before on the S. as behind on the N., 9 ft.; in length
next to the other lots as much as they contain; which
said parcel was also upon the same day made over to
Nicholas de Meyer, so that the whole together makes in
br. before on the S. side towards the Highway, 6 r.,
II ft., 6 ins. and behind, 6 r., 12 ft.; in length as before
is set forth; NOW, &c. (conf).
LOT 7
1646
Gr-br. to Wessel Evertsen. (GG: 151.) Desc: A July 2
cert, lot for a ho. and garden, bounded on the E. by
Jacob Wolphertsen's and on the W. by Burger Joris-
sen's lot; its br. on the S. side is 17 r., 5 ft., on the W.
side, 9 r., 3 ft.; behind or on N. side its br. is 15 r., 5 ft.;
on the E. side next to Burger Jorissen's, 6 r., 9 ft.; amtg.
in all to 133 r., 6 ft., 5 ins.
1658
Deed. Wessell Evertsen to Michael Paulissen. Not Nov. 16
found of record, but recited in deed Paulissen to Otto,
set forth below.
Deed. Michael Paulissen to Tielman Van Vleck. Dec. 16
Not found of record, but recited in conf to Van Vleck,
set forth below.
i668_
Conf Governor Nicolls to Tielman Van Vleck. (Pats. May 6
Alb., Ill: 22.) Recites Michael Paulus transported
Dec. 16, 165S to Tielman Van Vleck: Desc: A cert. ho.
and lot to N. of High St., having to E. the housing and
lot of Aris Otto, to S. the High St. afsd.; to the W. the
ho. and lot of Nicklas de Meyer and to the N. the st.
called the Slyck Steegh; cont'g in br. on the S. side, 23
ft., 2 ins.; on the N. side, the like; in length on the E.
side, 8 r., 9 ft. and on W. side, 9 r., 2 ft.
1658
Deed. Mighiel Paulissen to Aris Otto. (Lib. A, Dec. 16
THE DUTCH GRANTS
403
June
Dec. 16 Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 144.) Desc: H. and lot of Paulissen,
N. of Hoogh St.; bounded E. by ho. and lot of W.
Eversen, 9 r., 2 ft.; S. by Hoogh St., 18 ft., 2 ins.; W. by
ho. and lot of Paulissen, 8 r., g ft.; N. by Slyck Steegh,
18 ft., 2 ins. Recites measured by J. Cottelyou, Oct. 10,
1658, according to bill of sale, Oct. 2, 1658. Deed, Nov.
16, 1658 and with a mtge. for 900 guilders.
1663
Jan. 21 Deed. Lambert Barensen, having m. wid. of Otto
Aris, to Gerrit Hendricksen Van Harderwyck. (Lib. B,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: i.) Recites deed, Dec. 16, 1658.
Desc: His cert. ho. and lot N. of Hoogh Straat, s. a.
foregoing instrument.
Jan. 28 Deed. Gerrit Hendricksen van Harderwyck to Tysje
Willems, wid. of Willem Pietersen de Groot. (Lib. B,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 2.) Recites deed Jan. 21, 1663.
Desc; s. a. foregoing instrument.
Note: Evertsen's ho. and garden were retained by his
heirs until 1726. (Lib. 31, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 185.)
1667
July 29 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Wessell Everts. (Pats.
Alb., H: 84.) Recites gr-br. to Wessell Evertsen, July 2,
1646. Desc: E. of Jacob Wolfertsen; W. of Burger
Jorissen; cont'g in br. on the S., 17 r., 6 ft.; behind on
the N., 15 r., 5 ft.; on W. side, 9 r., 3 ft.; on E. side,
6 r., 9 ft., next to Burger Jorissen; in all amtg. to 133 r.,
6 ft. and 5 ins.
1663
Deed. Wessel Evertsen to Asset Levy. (Lib. B,
N. Y. Co.: 16.) Recites gr-br. July 2, 1646. Desc:
Lot N. of Hoogh Straat. Bounded E. by the ho. and
lot of D. Joghimsen; S. by St. afsd.; W. by the ho. and
lot of Wessel Evertsen; N. by the Slyck Steegh. Measured
by J. Cortelyou, May 9, 1663, is found: S. side, 21 ft.,
3 ins.; N. side, 21ft., 6 ins.; E. side, 7 r., 4 ft., 6 ins.;
W. side, 7 r., 8 ft., 7 ins. Recites gr-br. of July 2, 1646.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Asser Levy. (Pats. Alb.,
II: I.) Recites transport by Wessell Everts to Levy,
June I, 1663. Desc: s. a. preceding instrument.
Prior to 1652
Deed. Wessell Evertsen to Burger Jorissen. Not
found of record. See Pats. Alb., H: 98. Set forth below.
1652
28 Deed. Burger Jorissen to Jacob Hay. Not found of
record, but recited in conf. set forth below.
1667
12 Conf. Governor Nicolls to David Jochems. (Pats.
Alb., H: 98.) Recites transport by Burger Jorissen
unto Jacob Hay, May 28, 1652, and further that David
Jochems m. the wid. of Jacob Hay. Desc: Lot, being
the Easternmost part of a cert, parcel granted unto
Wessell Everts by Kieft, July 2, 1646. Said lot cont'g
in br. before to the Strand, 3 r., 4 ft. and behind the like.
In length, stretching along as far as the whole parcel of
land reaches.
BLOCK O
LOT I
1644
Apl. 28 Gr-br. to Cornelis Melyn. (GG: 92.) Desc: A lot
for two bos. and one garden, lying on the Island of
Manhattans on the East river where Abel Reddenhaes
lies next (that is, bounded on the E. by Abel Red-
denhaes— TR.). Its br. on the river is 5 r. ; its length
on the W. side 7 r. and i ft. ; the br. on the N. side in
the rear is 5 r.; on the E. side next to the lot of the afsd.
Abel Reddenhaes, the length is 7 r., I ft.; through this
afsd. lot runs the common ditch, 10 geometrical ft. till
into the East river, amtg. altogether to 35 r. and 5 ft.
Note: The grant to Melyn was completely absorbed
Apl. II
May
Sep.
in the Graght (the Common Ditch, or Canal through Apl. 28
Broad street) when it was cut through, c. 1656.
LOT 2
Deed. Giertje Nannincx, wid. of Abel Reddinhaus, Aug. 2
to Cornelis Melyn. (DuUh MSS.,U: 121.) Desc: Ho.
and lot on the East river, near Ft. Amsterdam, where
he, Melyn, adjoins Westwardly and Burger Jorissen
Easterly, for 250 Carolus guilders.
Note: No gr-br. found of record to Reddenhaes
(Reddenhaus).
Gr-br. to Cornelys Melyn. Not found of record, but Sep. 9
recited in conf. set forth below.
'647
Deed. Cornelis Melyn to Jacob Loper (his son-in- July 11
law). (Dutch MSS., II: 158.) Desc: Ho. and two
lots on the East river of Manhattan, "standing and
situate bet. the Company's ho. and the lot sold by said
Melyn to Seger Tonissen."
Note: Tonissen's ho. was demolished when the
Graght was cut through.
Note: The above deed conveyed the Reddenhaes ho.
and lot and the most E'ly lot out of Melyn's grant of
Apl. 28, 1644. The most W'ly lot of said grant was sold
to Seger Tonissen.
1672
Conf. Governor Lovelace to Jannekye Melyn. (Pats. June 24
Alb., Ill: 104.) Whereas there was a patent or gr-br.
to Cornelis Melyn for a cert, lot towards the Heer
Graft near the East river, bet. the lots heretofore belong-
ing to said Melyn and Burger Jorissen; cont'g in br.
towards the East river, 2 r., 5 ins.; on E. side in length
9 r., 2 ft., 8 ins.; on the N. side in br. 9 ft.; and in length
on the W. side, 9 r., 3 ft., the said patent bearing date
Sep. 9, 1644, this patent is granted to his wid.
Note: The purpose of this conf. is obscure as Melyn in
his lifetime sold the lot to Loper and it was subsequently
merged in the Heere Graght.
LOT 3
1643
Gr-br. to Burger Jorissen. (GG: 58.) Desc: A lot Apl. 28
lying on the margin of the East river on the Island of the
Manhattans, east of the Fort, extending E. II r. and N.
10 r., being an uneven square (parallelogram) cont'g
no r. of land.
1644
Deed and Bill of Sale. Burger Joris to Cornelis Dec. 15
Melyn. (Cal. Hist. MSS., DuUh: 31.) Desc: Ho. and
lot on E. River on the Island of Manhattan, bet. Melyn's
premises and the Great Tavern.
'658
Deed. Burgomasters to Hendrick Van der Vin. (Lib. Feb. 14
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 120.) Recites that Orphan Masters
have not been pleased to regulate the Estate of Jochem
Pietersen Cuyter,* &LeentjeMettens,his wife, both killed
by Indians. t Desc: Ho. and lot of Jochem Pietersen
at the waal. W. by Heere Graft; bet. said Graft and ho.
and lot of S. Classen, in front on street 18 ft.; deep, 60 ft.;
recites conditions at Public Sale Jan. 12, this year.
*No deed found of record into Jochem Pietersen Cuyter.
t Cuyter or Kuyter was killed in Mch., 1654; his wid. m. Willem
Jansen but was also killed by the Indians in 1655.
1661
Hendrick Jansen van der Vin appeared before burgo- May 6
masters and requested "that the lot be measured, saying
that ^yi ft. of the 9 ft. alley belongs to him, as the lot
was sold according to the bill of sale." {Min. Orph.
Court, II: 92.)
1651
Deed. Cornelys Melyn to Sybout Claesen. Not found Apl. —
of record, but recited in Pats., II: 88, set forth below.
404
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Note: The property changed hands in Apl., 165 1, but
the date of record of the instrument was not until nearly
10 years later (see below); litigation between Melyn
and Claesen is reported at length in the Records of New
Amsterdam.
1667
Aug. 6 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Sybout Claesen. (Pats.
Alb., II: 88.) Recites transport Cornelys Melyn to
Claesen, Mch. 19, 1661; lot to N. of waal, having to W.
Hendrick Jans Vandervin; to the N. Cornells Melyn;
to the E. Adolph Peters; and to S. the waal aforenamed;
cont'g S. and N. sides, in br. 24 ft. and in length of either
side, 1:3 ft., 5 ins.
165 1
Sep. 20 Gr-br. to Mattheus de Vos. Not found of record, but
recited in conf. set forth below.
1656
May 16 Declaration of Sale. Mattheus de Vos to AdolfF
Pietersen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 42.) Recites
same as adjoining lots by virtue of Director General to
De Vos, Sep. 20, 1651. Desc: Lot on East river,
abutting on W. side the lots of Sybout Claesen; on E.
side, lot of Jacob Steendam; N. side, St. opposite ho. of
Jacob van Couwenhoven, 20 ft.; S. side, the river; br. S.
side, 25 ft. running along. N. side, 20 ft. Timber
measure.
i668
Feb. II Conf. Governor Nicolls to Adolph Pieters. (Pats.
Alb., II: 160.) Recites gr-br. to de Vos, Sep. 20, 165 1 ;
and transport by said Mattheus de Vos to Adolph
Pieters, June 16, 1656. Desc: Towards the East river,
next to Sybrant Claesen's. Cont'g in br. alongst the
Strand, 25 ft. and behind, 20 ft.
1651
Sep. 20 Gr-br. to Cornelis Van Tienhoven. (GG: 225.)
Desc: A cert, lot lying on the Island of Manhattans in
the City of New Amsterdam on the East river, bounded
on the E. by Govert Loockermans, W. by the land of
Matheus de Vos; extending in br. 25 timber feet in
front on the Strand; in length till to the public road;
in the rear over against the ho. of Jacob Wolphertsen,
in br. 20 ft.
1.654
Oct. 12 Deed. Cornelis Van Tienhoven to Jacob Hendrick
Varrevanger. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: i.) Recites
gr-br. Sep. 20, 1651 {supra). Desc: s. a. preceding
instrument.
Note: This deed was re-recorded Oct. 23, 1654. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 6.)
Oct. 12 Deed. Jacob Hendrick Vaervanger to Jacob Steen-
dam. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: i.) Recites s. a. van
Tienhoven to Vaervanger (Varrevanger).
Note: This deed was re-recorded Oct. 23, 1654. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 6.)
1656
Sep. 23 Deed. Jacob Steendam to Jan CorneHssen Van
Hoorn. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 72.) Desc: Ho.
and lot on East river opposite ho. of J. Van Couwen-
hoven, bounded E. by G. Loockermans; W. by M. de
Vos and as large and small, br. and long as it was con-
veyed by J. H. Varrevanger to Steendam, by deed of
Oct. 23, 1654 and by him improved, &c., except what has
been cut off it.
1659
Sep. 15 Deed. Jan Cornelissen van Hoorn to Cornelis Jansen
Van Hoorn. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 174.) Recites
bill of sale, Aug. 18, 1659; deed, Sep. 23, 1656. Desc:
Lot N. of the Waal within the city; bounded W. by ho.
and lot of A. Pietersen, 48 ft.; N. by lot of J. C. Van
Hoorn, 22>2 ft,; E. by ho. and lot of S. Jansen, 46 ft.; S. by
waal afsd., 25 ft. Passage way of 4 ft. to be on E. side.
Note: This instrument conveys only the S'ly part of
this lot.
May 16
Sep. 20
Mch. 29
Sep. 20
June 19
May S
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Cornelys Jansen Van
Hoorn. (Pats. Alb., II: 29.) Recites transport by Jan
Cornelys van Hoorn Sep. 15, 1659 to C. J. van Hoorn.
Lot to the N. of the waal, having on the W. the ground
of Adolph Pietersen; on the N. side Jan Cornelys van
Hoorn; on the E. Sybrant Jansen, and on the S. the said
waal; on the S. side, 25 ft. and on the N. behind 22^2 ft.;
in length on the W. side, 48 ft. and on the E. 46 ft.
Condition reserving on the E. side of the lot a space of
4 ft. for a common passage.
165 1
Gr-br. to Govert Loockermans. Not found of record
but recited in conf. set forth below.
Prior to 1661
Deed. Govert Loockermans to Sybrant Jansen. Not
found of record, but recited in conf. set forth below.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Sybrant Jansen. (Pats.
Alb., IV: 31.) Recites gr-br. to Loockermans, Sep. 20,
165 1 ; transport of the same by Loockermans to Jansen.
Desc: Lying by the East river, cont'g in br. on the
Strand, 25 ft. and behind, 20 ft.
1651
Gr-br. to Adrian Bloemmart. Not found of record,
but recited in conf. set forth below.
1659
Deed. Adrian Bloemmart to Rem Jansen (Smith).
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 161.) Recites gr-br. Sep. 20,
165 1 ; recites according to condition public sale on July 5,
1657. Desc: His cert. ho. and lot N. of the Waal; W.
by ho. and lot of S. Jansen; N. by High Street; E. by
City Hall (Stadt Huys); S. by the Waal. Br. and
length according to gr-br.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Rem Jansen. (Pats. Alb.,
Ill: 19.) Recites gr-br. to Adriaen Bloemmart, Sep. 20,
165 1 and transport by him June 19, 1659, to above-
named Jansen. Desc: N. of waal to N. of High St.,
as by the gr-br.
Note: The N. part of this lot was conveyed to Walter
Salter Sep. i, 1666. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 102.)
Therefore the conf. applies only to the remainder.
Stadt Harbergh — Stadt Huys — City Hall
The Stadt Harbergh or City Inn was built by Director-
General Kieft and completed by the early part of the
year 1642:
1642
Lease. Director Kieft to Philip Gerritsen of the Com-
pany's House (Tavern); rent, 300 guilders; with the
right to retail the Company's wine and brandy, on which
he is to be allowed a profit of 6 stivers the can. A well
and brew-house to be erected in the rear. {Cal. Hist.
MSS., Dutch: 21.)
1654
Stadt Huys granted to the
Directors at Amsterdam. (A'. Y
Rec. N. Am., I: 219.)
165s
Council asked for a transfer to them of Stadt Huys
which now passed wholly under the city's jurisdiction.
{Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch: 147; Rec. N. Am., I: 291.)
BLOCK P
LOT I
1645
Gr-br. to Thomas Willett. Not found of record, but July 4
recited in conf. set forth below.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Charles Bridges. (Pats. June II
Feb. 17
Burgomasters by the May 18
Col. Docs., XIV: 362;
Mch. 2
THE DUTCH GRANTS
405
June II Alb., II: 47.) Recites gr-br. to Thomas Willett, July 4,
1645; marriage of Sarah, wid. of Thomas Willett to
Charles Bridges. Desc: Lying towards the East river
to the E. of the present State House, 8 r., 2 ft.; before,
towards the Waal and the waterside, 14 r., 5 ft.; on the
E. side next to Mr. Smith's, 6 r., ; ft.; and on the N.
side behind to the Highway, 9 r., 8 ft., 4 ins., amtg. in
all to 89 r., 6 ft.
1661
Apl. 16 Deed. Charles Bridges to George Wolsey. Not found
of record, but recited in conf. set forth below.
1668
Feb. II Conf. Governor Nicolls to George Wolsey. (Pats.
Alb., II: 162.) Recites transport Charles Bridges to
above, Apl. 16, 1661. Desc: By the water side to the
N. of the Waal, having to W. a small street or lane; to
N. the High Street; and to E. Charles Bridges; and to S.
the street afsd. Cont'g in br. on S. side, 34 ft. and on N.
side, 24 ft.; in length on each side, 92 ft.
1661
Apl. 16 Deed. Care! Van Brugge (Charles Bridges) to
Solomon La Chair. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 201.)
Desc: Lot N. of the Waal; bounded W. by ho. and lot
of Carel Van Brugge, 77 ft., 6 ins.; N. by floogh Straat
24 ft.; E. by lane, 77 ft., 6 ins.; S. by the Waal, 24. ft.
Measured by J. Cortelyou, Mch. 23, 1661. Recites
gr-br. July 4, 1645.
Sep, 24 Deed. Solomon La Chair to OlofF Stevensen Van
Cortlant, Orphan Master of the City. (Lib. A, Deeds,
N. y. Co.: 243.) Desc: His cert. ho. and lot N. of
Waal, bounded W. by ho. and lot of C. Van Brugge,
54 ft., 8 ins.; N. by ho. and lot of Solomon La Chair,
24ft.; E. by lane, 54ft., Sins.; S. by Waal, 24ft.
Measured by J. Cortelyou, Mch. 23, 1661. Recites deed
Apl. 16, 1661.
1667
Aug. 8 Conf. Governor Nicolls to OloflF S. Van Cortlandt.
(Pats. Alb., II: 89.) Recites transport Solomon "ia
Chair to OlofF S. Van Cortlandt, Sep. 24, 1661. Desc;
s. a. preceding instrument.
LOT 2
1645
July 4 Gr-br. to Richard Smith. (GG: 106.) Desc: A lot
lying on the Island of Manhattans on the East river,
E. of the lot of Thomas Willet; it extends next to the
said lot of Thomas Willet or on the E. {read W.) end,
5 r. in length off from the wharf by S., 11 r., I ft. and
7 ins.; its br. on the E. side is 4 r., 7 ft.; on the N. side
along the wagon road, 12 r. and 4 ft., amtg. in all to
62 r., 7 ins.
' 1651
Aug. 16 Deed. Richard Smith, Jr., Agent for Richard Smith,
to Gillis Pietersen. (Dutch MSS., Ill: 90.) Desc: Ho.
and lot next the lot of Charles Van Brugge, in size
according to the gr-br.
(This instrument is evidently a trust deed or mort-
gage.)
1662
Nov. 2 Deed. Tomas Willett, atty. of Ritzert Smith, to
TomasWandel. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 286.) Desc:
Ho. and lot of Ritzert Smith, N. of the Waal, bounded
W. by ho. and lot of O. Stevensen; N. by the Hoogh
Straat; E. by superstructure and lot of Jan Hendricks
Steelman; S. by the Waal. Measured by J. Cortelyou.
Recites gr-br. July 4, 1645 to Smith.
1663
Apl. 20 Deed. Tomas Wandel to Arien Huybersen. (Lib.
B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 12.) Recites deed Nov. 2, 1662.
Desc: Ho. and lot S. of Hoogh Straat, bounded E. by
lot of J. H. Steelman; S. by ho. and lot of Tomas Wandel;
W. by lot of O. S. Van Cortlandt; N. by the Hoogh
Straat. Measured by J. Cortelyou, Apl. 13, 1663, is
found N. and S. sides, 3 r., 8 ft. and 8 ins. W. and E. Apl. 20
sides, 24 ft.
1662
Deed. Tomas Willet, atty. of Ritzert Smitt, to Jan Oct. 30
Hendricksen Steelman. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 285.)
Desc: A cert, superstructure and lot N. of the Waal;
bounded W. by ho. and lot of T. Wandel, 78 ft.; N.by
Hoogh Straat, 28 ft., 5 ins.; E. by ho. and lot of Jan H.
Steelman, 78 ft.; S. by Waal, 28 ft. Measured by J.
Cortelyou, July 13, 1661. Recites gr-br. July 4, 1645.
1668
Conf Governor Nicolls to Jan Hendricks Steelman. Feb. 17
(Pats. Alb., II: 172.) Recites transport by Thomas
Willett to Steelman, Oct. 30, 1662. Desc: s. a. preceding
instrument.
1661
Deed. Tomas Willett, atty. of Ritzert Smitt, Jr., to July 15
Jan Hendricksen Steelman. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.:
232.) Desc: An improved lot S. of Hoogh Straat,
bounded E. by ho. and lot of E. Duycking, 77 ft.; S.
by the Waal, 34 ft.; W. by ho. and lot of R. Smith, Jr.,
78 ft.; N. by Hoogh Straat, 34 ft. Measured by J.
Cortelyou, July 13, 1661; s. a. gr-br. to Willett. Accord-
ing to minute. May 25, 1661; said lot on S. side, Duyck-
ingh's lot is built on to extreme side without any drop
and on N. E. side of Evert's lot with 4 ins. drop.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jan Hendricks Steelman. Feb. 17
(Pats. Alb., II: 171.) Recites transport Thomas Willett
to Steelman, July 15, 1661; desc: s. a. said instrument
(supra).
1656
Deed. Richard Smith, senior, to Evert Duyckingh. Nov. 10
(Lib. A, Deeds, N.Y. Co.: 77.) Desc: Lot on East river,
abutting on E. side lot of A. Clock and on W. side lot of
Richard Smith, opposite ho. of R. Jacobsen on N. and
on S. side, the East river. Br. both front and rear on S.
and N. sides, 2^ r. and 2 English ft, and long from road
at N. side as St. runs, to river or sheet piling, in virtue of
gr-br. July 4, 1645.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Evert Duyckingh. (Pats. Sep. 13
Alb., II: 99.) Recites transport by Richard Smith, St.,
Nov. 10, 1656 to abovenamed Evert Duyckingh. Desc:
Lot towards East river, having on E. side Abraham
Clock; on W. side lot belonging to said Richard Smith;
on N. side and over against it Rutt Jacobs, and on the
S. side, the East river; cont'g in br. as well before as
behind, both on the S. and N. sides, 2J-2 r., 2 ft.; and
in length from highway which is on the N. side towards
the river as it lies within the fence on the E. and W. sides.
Recites that said Richard Smith did also May 25, 1661
transport and make over to Evert Duyckingh, an addi-
tion of ground adjoining to the former being on S. and
N. sides, 6 ft. in length as before.
LOT 3
165s
Gr-br. to Abraham Martens Clock. Not found of Aug. 26
record, but recited in conf. set forth below.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Trentje Clock, wid. of Oct. 10
Abraham Martens Clock. (Pats. Alb., II: 117.) Re-
cites gr-br. to Clock, Aug. 26, 1655. Desc: By the
water-side over against the ferry at Long Island; on the
E. side of the lot heretofore belonging to Richard Smith,
and on the W. side of the Path which Burger Jorissen
made to go down to the Strand. Beginning at the fence
of Richard Smith near the Strand ; cont'g in length 4K r. ;
then going E. to the Path of Burger Jorissen, it's in br.,
4r.; from whence to the street upon the highway it's
in length as before and alongst said street to the fence of
Richard Smith afsd. in br. likewise as before. AND
4o6
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Oct. lo WHEREAS the Dutch Governor afsd. did, 21 Dec, 1656,
grant unto Abraham Martens Clock, in consideration of
his expenses in repairs, &c., all the ground between the
said lot and the water side to make use of as he shall
see fit, NOW conf.
BLOCK Q
LOT I
Originally set off to Teuntye Straatsmans. (Recited
in Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 85 and HH-2: 113.) She
married Gabriel Carpesy prior to Feb. 17, 1660. {Rec.
N. Am., Ill: 132, 137.)
1662
Jan. 20 Gr-br. to Gabriel Carpesy. Not found of record but
recited in deed of Jan. 21, 1662, set forth below.
Jan. 20 Gr-br. to Gabriel Carpesy. Not found of record, but
recited in deed of May 8, 1662, set forth below.
Jan. 21 Deed. Gabriel Carpesy to Gerrit Jansen van Arnheim.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 254.) Desc: Ho. and lot E.
of Smee street, bounded N. by ho. and lot of Gabriel
Carpesy, 29 ft.; E. by lot of A. Jansen Wantenaar,
liyi ft.; S. by ho. and lot of L Dircks, wid. of F. Clasen,
deed., 29 ft.; W. by street afsd., 2i>^ ft. According to
Bill of sale, Nov. 15, 1660; recites gr-br. Jan. 20, 1662.
May 8 Deed. Gabriel Carpesy to Gerrit Jansen (of Arn-
heim). (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 254.) Desc: Lot E.
of Smee street, bounded N. by Cingel, 29 ft.; E. by lot of
A. J. Wantenaar, i8>^ ft.; S. by ho. and lot of Gerrit
Jansen, 29 ft.; W. by Street afsd., 2i|^ ft. Recites gr-br.
Jan. 20, 1662.
1668
May 25 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Gerritt Jansen. (Pats.
Alb., HI: 44.) Confirms both parcels, reciting two
gr-brs. to Gabriel Carpesy.
LOT 2
Jan. 31 On petition of Albert Cornelissen Wantenaar, wherein
he requests a lot for his lot "surveyed off" is granted
in lieu thereof, "the lot situate bet. Pieter the Norman
and Teuntje Straatmans, heretofore set down to Dirck
Claesen." (Rec. N. Am.,Yl\: 209.)
1660
July 13 Gr-br. to Albert Cornelissen Wantenaar. (HH-2:
113.) Desc: A Lot in this city bet. Pieter de Noorman
and Teuntie Straatmans; in br. on N., 30 wood ft.; on
S., 31 wood ft.; in length on E., 37 ft., 6 ins.; on W. 40
wood ft.
1666
Mch. 17 Deed. Albert CorneHssen to Zacharias Louwerys.
Not found of record, but recited in conf. below.
1667
June 21 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Zacharias Louwerys.
(Pats. Alb., H: J2.) Recites gr-br. to Albert Cornelissen
in the Cingel, July 13, 1660 and that the same was
transported to Louwerys Zacharias by the afsd. Albert
Cornelissen, Mch. 17, 1666. Desc: s. a. in preceding
instrument.
LOT 3
This lot was set down to Pieter Jansen Trinbolt
(Pieter the Norman) before 1657. The deed on the S.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 85) so recites.
1664
May 17 Gr-br. to Pieter Jansen Trinbolt. (Pats. Alb., H:
31.) Gr-br. not found of record, but recited in conf. set
forth below:
1667
May 18 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Joost Cockuyt. (Pats.
Alb., H: 31.) Recites gr-br. to Pieter Jansen Trinbolt,
dated May 17, 1664. Marriage of wid. of Pieter Jansen
Trinbolt to above-named Joost Cockuyt. Desc: In the May 18
Shaepe Weytie or the Sheepesway, being to the W. of
Pieter Andries Schoorstenveger, having in br. on N. side
to the St., 2 r., 3 ft.; and on the S. side the like; in length
on the W. side, 8 r., 6 ft.; and on the E. side, 7 r., 4 ft.,
5 ins.
LOT 4
1661
Gr-br. to Peter Andriessen, Chimney-sweeper. (HH-2: May 14
123.) A lot for a ho. and garden in New Amsterdam on
W. side of Jacob Jansen Moesman, on E. of Norman;
on N. of Mr. Jacob Varrevanger; on S. of the shore,
being called the " Shingle;"* in br. on N. 3 r., 7 ft., 5 ins. ;
on S., 3 r., I ft., 2 ins.; in length on W., 9 r., i ft.; on E.,
7 r., I ft., 6 ins.
♦Translator's error. Should read "on S. of the 'Cingel.' "
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Wid. of Pieter Andries- Apl. 20
sen. (Pats. Alb., II: 12.) Recites gr-br. to Pieter
Andriessen, Mch. 14, 1661. S. a. gr-br. Confirms to
Grieteyn Gerritsen, wid. of Andriessen.
LOT 5
1657
Gr-br. to Nicolaes Bernard. Not found of record, but Jan. 2
recited in Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 85.
Deed. Nicolaes Bernard to Frederick Hendricksen.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 85.) Desc: Lot in Sheep
Pasture abutting on N. side the lot of T. Straatmans or
D. Claesen; on E. side, Pieter the Norman; on S. side,
Jacob Stoffelsen. S. a. gr-br. Jan.-2, 1657.
This deed was not executed, nor the sale concluded.
On the survey of 1657, the lot was called lot number 5
and granted to the wife of Cornells Hendricksen on Dec.
20, 1657, on condition that she build thereon by May,
1658. (Rec. N. Am., yil: 163, 165.) Probably this
condition was not possible of fulfilment for she never
entered into possession of the lot. Immetjie Dirx, wid.
of Frans Claesen had a house on the lot before Feb. 10,
1660 {Rec. N. Am., Ill: 131) evidently by deed from
Burgomasters, for the City of New York confirmed the
lot to her heirs Mch. 7, 1688. (Lib. A, Comptroller's
Office: 66.)
LOT 6
This lot was originally granted to Jan Martyn. Re-
granted as lot number 6 on the survey of 1657 to Barent
Egbersen, Dec. 20, 1657, on condition that he build
before next May. Condition not fulfilled. Egbersen
never entered upon the lot. Jacob Stoffelsen is recited
here in 1657 (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 85). His step-
son, Ide Cornelissen Van Vorst was confirmed here.
(Pats. Alb., Ill: 44.) For relationship see Col. Hist.
MSS., Dutch, 73 and Min. Orph. Court under date of Oct.
16, 1657.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Ide Cornelissen. (Pats. May 25
Alb., Ill: 44.) Recites purchase of lot by Ide Cornelis-
sen Van Vorst. Desc: Lot in Smee Straet to S. of
wid. of Frans Claessen, to the N. of Andries Rees, cont'g
in br. on the W. side before on the st. 37 ft.; E. side, 40
ft.; S. side, in length, 65 ft.; N. side, 62 ft.
LOT 7
1664
Gr-br. to Andries Rees. Not found of record, but May 17
recited in conf. set forth below.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Andries Rees. (Pats. June 4
Alb., II: 40.) Recites gr-br. from Stuyvesant dated
May 17, 1664 unto Andries Rees for lot lying bet. Jacob
Stofl^ells and a small garden. Cont'g on the W. side.
THE DUTCH GRANTS
407
June 4 33 ft.; E. side, 11 ft.; N. side, 98 ft.; S. side, 127 ft. AM
wood measute.
Note: The dimension on the S. side is of impossible
length; an evident errot.
LOT 8
1649
Gr-br. to Jacob Hendricks Varravanget. Not found
of record, but recited in conf. set forth below:
1667
Apl. 13 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jacob Hendrick Vaer-
vanger. (Pats. Alb., II: 8.) Recites gr-br. Desc: Lot
lying bet. Augustin Hermans and Jan Jansen Damen,
having two houses built thereupon; S. side Smith st. or
the High St.; cont'g on the W. side, 8 2/5 r.; en the E.
92/5 r.; on theN. side, 12 r., and on the S.side, 11 r., 5 ft.
LOT 9
1644
Apl. 25 Gr-br. to Jan Jansen Damen. (GG: 91.) Desc:
Land lying on both sides of the public road on the Island
of Manhattan. North of the Fort. The piece that lies
bet. the river and the afsd. road extending 75 r. N. E.,
and on the northern side till to the beach, 61 r.; on the
S. side, till to the beach, 38 r. in a regular line 68 r,;
by the beach there is a projecting point; on the N. [read
E.] side it extends along the public road 5or.; on the S.side
next to the Company's land, E. a little E'ly, 72 r., 9 ft.,
5 ins. : to the land of Tymen Jansen, 52 r. and 2/3 r. next
to the said land of Tymen Jansen, till by the beach E-by-
S. and E. S. E., 37 r., 3 ft.; along by the afsd. land to the
lot of Maryn, 17 r., 8 ft. and extends further from the N.
end on the E. side of Maryn's land next to the road,
running betwixt the land of Secretary Cornells van Tien-
hoven and the said land of Jan Damen, throughout till
to the starting point at the Common Highway.
1654
Apl. 13 Certificate of Survey. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 22.)
Surveyed and measured a piece of land on Island Man-
hattans extending from late Jan Damen's land on East
river. By order and command of Abm. I. Planck and
also in his presence measured for Jacob Plodder also pres-
ent; it is long along the wall of City New Amsterdam
22 r. and 4 ft.; thence along the Sheep Pasture (Schape-
weytge) S. W. in br. 19 r., 8K ft.; further along G.
Loockermans's land 24 r., ^^ r. further to first place of
departure, along the fence of D. Lytscho in br. 7 r., 6 ft.;
this 13th of April, 1654. (Signed) Claes Van Elslandt.
Secretary Kip is requested from this bill of survey to
make out a deed for Sander Leendertsen with stipulation
in said deed that heirs of A. Caveye (jiV) wid. of J.
Damen have sold and delivered said land and received
pay therefor from Sander Leendertsen, 1654.
1656
Jan. 22 Deed. Cornells Van Tienhoven, Abram Verplanck,
Jan Vinjc, heirs of Ariaentie Cuvilje, wid. of Jan Damen
to Sander Leendertsen, agent of Jacob Flodder. (Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 47.) Desc: Lot along the City's
walls, about the Sheep Pasture in rear of G. Loocker-
mans and next adjoining lots; br. from lot of D. Litschal
(Litschoe), W'ward up along City Wall, 22 r., 4 ft.,
further from hook S. W. to the line, 19 r., Syi ft. and
thence along the land of G. Loockermans, 24 J^ r.; thence
to corner (hook) of D. Litchal long 7 r., 8 ft.; recites
gr-br. of Jan Damen.
June 24 Deed. Sander Leendersen agent of Jacob Flodder to
Jacob Jansen Moesman. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 48.)
Desc: Lot W. of City Wall abutting on E. to the st.
and wall, and on S. side Pieter Van Veen; br. in front on
St. or E. side, 30 ft.; rear, 30 ft.; long on N. side, 15 r.,
6 ft.; S. side, near P. Prins, 14 r., 3 ft.; also hook or neck
at most N. side of said lot, br. in rear or W. side, 3 r..
I ft.; in front on E. side, 13 ft. more and runs generally June 24
along the passage-way of Jacob Varrevanger's lot; being
his, the appearer's, outermost bounds. Recites deed
heirs of A. Cuvilje to Leendersen, June 22 inst.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jacob Jans Moosman Apl. II
(Moesman). (Pats. Alb., II: 4.) Recites transport
Saunders Leenders to above Moesman, "he being em-
powered so to do" as atty. for Jacob Flodder, dated June
24, 1656. Desc: W. of the States Wall, abutting to
the E. on the St.; on the S. to ground heretofore belonging
to Pieter Cornelissen van der Veen. Cont'g in br. before
to the St. on the E. side, 30 ft. and behind the like; in
length on N. side, 15 r., 6 ft. and on the S. next to Pieter
Prins, 14 r., 3 ft. Together with a slip of land lying on
the N. side of said lot, being in br. behind on the W.
side 3 r. and 4 ft.; and before on the E. side, 13 ft. from
whence it's to strike along the passage by Mr. Jacob
Varrevanger's to the utmost end of the fence belonging
to Jacob Flodder.
1656
Deed. Sander Leendersen, agent of Jacob Flodder, June 24
to Pieter Cornells Van Veen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y.
Co.: 49.) W. of City Wall, abutting on N. side lot of
J. Moesman and on S. side lot of G. Loockermans. Br.
in front on St. or E. side, together, 60 ft. Rear on W.
side, like br.; long on N. side, 14 r. and 3 ft.; together
with the lot next adjoining to said Govert Loockermans,
br. both in front and rear 30 ft. and long on N. side,
12 r., less I ft. and on S. side by Lambert Huyberts Mol,
lot., 6ft. Recites auction and also deed Cuvilje to
Plodder, June 22, inst.
1660
Deed. Pieter Cornelissen Van der Veen to Reindert July 23
Jansen Hoorn. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 224.) Lot
W. of Cingel, bounded N. by lot of Jacob Jansen Moes-
man; W. by lot of G. Loockermans; S, by lot of Van der
Veen; E. by Cingel; according to auction sale Mch. 29,
1659; br. in front, 28 ft., in rear, 30 ft.; long on both sides,
according to deed dated June 22, 1656, in possession of
P. C. Veen, W. side, 14 r.
Deed. Reindert Jansen Hoorn to Arien Dircksen. (Lib. July 23
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 22;.) Desc: s. a. preceding deed.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Ariaen Diricks. (Pats. May 18
Alb., II: 31.) Recites transport Reindert Jans Hoorne,
July 23, 1660, unto above Diricks. Desc: s. a. preceding
instruments.
1660
Deed. Pieter Cornelissen Van der Veen to Abraham Oct. 6
delaNoy. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 196.) Desc: Lot
S. of the Cingel; bounded E. by lots of G. Loockermans,
12 r., 4 ins.; S. by lot of G. Loockermans, 29 ft.; W. by
ho. and lot of A. Dircksen, 13 r., 3 ft., 3 ins. N. by the
Cingel, 28 ft. Measured by J. Cortelyou. Recites deed
June 24, 1656.
1667
Conf Governor Nicolls to Abraham de la Noy. Nov. 27
(Pats. Alb., II: 136.) Desc: Recites transport, Pieter
Cornelys Van der Vin to above de la Noy, Oct. 6, i66o.
Desc: s. a. preceding instrument.
Deed. Pieter Cornelissen van der Vin to Govert
Loockermans. Not found of record, but recited in conf.
set forth below.
Conf Governor Nicolls to Govert Loockermans. Apl. J
(Pats. Alb., IV: 41.) Recites transport made by Pieter
Cornelissen vander Vin unto Govert Loockermans, on
the . . . day of ... for : Desc: A Lot bet.
the ground of Frederick Gisberts and Jacob Jansen Moes-
man; cont'g in length towards the Trench on the W. side,
156 ft.; on the E., 142 ft.; in br. on the N. side, 31 ft.,
6 ins.; and on the S. side the like.
4o8
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
1656
June 24 Deed. Sanders Leendersen, agent of Jacob Flodder
to Lambert Huybertsen Mol. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y.
Co.: 50.) Desc: 2 Lots W. of City Wall, abutting on
N. side the lot of G. Loockermans or P. Prins; S.,
R. Rycken; is br. in front on St. or E. side, 60 ft.; rear
on W. side, like 60; long, N. side, 10 r., 6 ft.; S., 8 r.,
I ft. Recites according to sale at auction; deed Cuvilje
to Flodder, June 22, inst.
1662
Apl. 29 Deed. Lambert Huybersen Mol to Jacob Jansen
Moesman. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 260.) Desc:
Lot W. of Cingel; bounded S. by T. Tempelier, 9 r.,
3 ft.; W., lot of G. Loockermans, 30 ft.; N. lot of Wid.
of A. de la Noy, 10 r., 6 ft.; E. Cingel, 30 ft. Recites
bill of sale. May 8, 1658; deed, June 24, 1656.
1667
Apl. 4 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jacob Jans Moesman.
(Pats. Alb., IV: 39.) Recites transport by Lambert
Huybert Mol to above Moesman, Apl. 29, 1662. Desc:
s. a. preceding instrument.
1662
Apl. 29 Deed. Lambert Huybertsen Mol to Teunis Tempelier.
(Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 259.) Desc: Lot W. of
Cingel, bounded S. by lot of R. Rycken, 8 r., i ft.; W.
by lot of G. Loockermans, 30 ft.; N. by lot of Jacob
Jansen Moesman, 9 r., 3 ft.; E. by Cingel, 30 ft. Recites
deed June 24, 1656.
1667
May 31 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Teunis Templier. (Pats.
Alb., II: 39.) Recites transport by Lambert Huyberts
to above, dated Apl. 29, 1662. Desc: s.a. preceding
instrument.
1656
June 24 Deed. Sander Leendersen, agent of Jacob Flodder,
to Rynier Rycken. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 51.)
Desc: Lot W. of City Wall, abutting on N. side lands
of L. Huyberts Mol, on S. side by lot of Litschoe; br. in
front on st. or E. side, 30 ft.; rear on W. side, 30 ft.;
long, N. side, 8 r., i ft.; S. side, 7 r., less 5 ins.,
according to sale at auction. Recites Cuvilje to Flodder,
June 22 inst.
1658
Sep. 16 Deed. Reynier Rycken to Pieter Jacobsen Buys.
Not found of record but recited in deed set forth below.
1664
Apl. 22 Deed. Symon Jansen Romeyn, atty. for Creditors of
Pieter Jacobsen Buys, deed, to Tomas Lambersen.
(Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 33.) Desc: Lot W. of City
Wall or Cingel; bounded N. by lot of T. Tempelier;
S. by lot of wid. of D. Litscho; br. in front on E. side
and rear on W. side, 30 ft.; long on N. side, 8 r., i ft.;
S. side, 7 r., less J ins. Recites deed Sep. 16, 1658.
1666
Feb. 14 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Thomas Lamberts. (Pats.
Alb., IV: 7.) Desc: On the western part of the walls
of this city near the Strand Gate; on the N. side abutting
on land lately of Teunis Templier; on the S. side to
that which belongs to the wid. Anna Litscho, having
in br. on the E. and W. sides, 35 ft.; in length on the N.
side, S}/2 r. and on S. side, 7 r., wanting 5 ins. Recites
transport by Symon Jansen Romeyn as atty. for Pieter
Jacob Buys, heretofore proprietor, dated the 22d Apl.,
1664, to Lambert.
1656
June 24 Deed. Sander Leendersen, agent of Jacob Flodder,
to Daniel Litchoe. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 52.)
Desc: 2 lots on W. side City Wall, abutting on N. side,
Rynier Rycken's lot; S. side lot of Daniel Litschoe; br.
in front on St. or E. side, 60 ft.; rear on W. side, 60 ft.;
long, N. side, 7 r., less 5 ins.; S. side, 4 r., 4^^ ft. Accord-
ing to sale at auction and deed by heirs of Cuvilje to
Flodder, June 22 inst.
1668
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Anne Litscho. (Pats, Alb., May 4
III: 16.) Recites transport Abm. Verplanck to Daniel
Litscho, Apl. 26, 1652; before that time in the possession
of Adam Roelantsen; near the water-port; and whereas
Sander Leenderts, as atty. of J. J. Flodder did, June 24,
1656, also transport to Litscho two adjoining lots, etc.
LOT ID
In possession of Adam Roelantsen before 1641. See
recitals in conf. to Litscho. (Pats. Alb., Ill: 16.) Also
in patent to William Teller. (Pats. Alb., II: 64.)
1641
Report of referees as to the damage done the garden July 31
of Adam Roelantsen by the cattle of Jan Damen and
John Forbus. (Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch: 16.)
Court Proceedings. Adam Roelantsen vs. Jan Damen Aug. 8
for trespass. Damages to be assessed by arbitrators.
(Cal. Hist. MSS., Dutch: 76.)
Before 1652, Abraham Verplanck had acquired this
property. Deed not found of record.
1651
Lease. Daniel Litschoe to Andries Jochemsen. (Cal. May 13
Hist. MSS., Dutch- 52.) Desc: "A ho. and lot on the
East river."
Litscho was a tenant here before he received the
following deed:
1652
Deed. Abraham Verplanck to Daniel Litscho. "Before Apl. 26
that time in the possession of Adam Roelantsen." Not
recorded but recited in Pats. Alb., Ill: 16 and in Lib.
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 7.
'^54 .
Deed. Daniel Litscho to Gillis Pietersen and Isaac Oct. 29
Kip, both heirs of Tryntie Scheerenburg. (Lib. A,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 7.) Desc: A cert. ho. and lot situate
within this City afsd. on the East river, bounded on
the E. by (of) the appearer's ho., and by that actually
in his own possession and on the W. by (of) the wall
which is built around this City, on the side whereof the
lot partly runs. According to bill of sale, Jan. 22, 1653,
concluded with above-named Tryntie; br. in the front
on the S. side, 3 r., 4.^2 ft. In the rear on the N. side,
5 r., 2j^ ft.; long on the W. side, 434 r,, J^ ft. On the
E. side, 6 r. nett. Recites a deed from Abraham Ver-
planck Apl. 26, 1652. Which afsd. ho. and lot the above-
named Daniel Litscho declares to cede and convey unto
the said Gillis Pietersen and Isaac Kip as heirs afsd.
This lot was the subject of litigation bet. Litscho and
the City (which had built the guard-house on part of it)
and bet. Litscho and Kip and Pietersen (Rec. N. Am.,
I: 9;, 112, 139, 170.) The City finally purchased the
guard-house plot from Gillis Pietersen [Rec. N. Am.,
VII: 162, 163) and sold it to Isaac De Foreest before
June 13, 1658. (Ibid., VII: 189.) De Foreest trans-
ferred it to Immetje, the wid. of Frans Claesen. The
Burgomasters ordered her to "remove it [her ho.] from
out of the road, or they shall have it done." (Rec. N.
Am. ,V11: 194.) Neither De Foreest nor Immetjie Clas-
sen had paid for the lot by Mch. 11, 1661. (A/in. Orph.
Court., II: 84.)
LOT II
1644
Gr-br. to Hendrick Jansen, Tailor. (GG: 89.) Desc: Jan. 20
A lot lying on the Island of Manhattans for two houses,
extending in front 10 r., 6 ft., i gr.; behind in br., 14 r.,
I ft. and 4 ins.; on the W. side, in length, 15 r., 2 ft.;
lies E. of the Fort on the W. end of Tymen Jansen's lot
on the East river; amtg. to 156 r., 3 ft., 7 ins., 5 gr.
Deed. Hendrick Jansen to Burger Jorissen. (Dutch Apl. 16
MSS., II: 124; Recited in Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: or
183.) Conveys a ho., garden and brewery, without Sep. 16
further description.
THE DUTCH GRANTS
409
1667
Dec. 3 Conf. Governor NicoUs to Burger Jorissen. (Pats.
Alb., II: 142.) Recites gr-br. Kieft to Hendrick Jansen,
next to Tymen Jansen, dated Jan. 20, 1644; and its
transport to Burger Jorissen by the said Hendrick
Jansen, Apl. 16, 1644.
Note: This confirmation should apply only to Burger
Jorissen's land E. of Smith St. as he had sold his posses-
sions W. of said St. prior to this date.
LOT 12
1643
July 3 Gr-br. to Tymen Jansen. (GO: 71.) Desc: Apiece
of land lying on the Manhattans bounded on the west
by the land of Hendrick Jansen, extending W-by-N.
and W. N. W. 37 r., 7 ft.; and 20 r., 10 ft., i in., S.; a
little W. 24 r., 5 ft., 6 ins.; yet 17 r., 6 ft., 10 ins. S. W.;
a little S'ly with an outpoint, E'ly 2 r., 4>^ ft., extending
out; amtg. in all to 646 r., 10 ft., 5 ins.
Note: The wid. of Tymen Jansen m. Govert Loocker-
mans. See conf. to him, set forth below.
1657
Nov. 28 Deed. Govert Loockermans to Caturlna Roelofs, wid.
of Lucas Rodenburgh. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 108.)
Desc: Lot, bounded E. by ho. and lot occupied by
Govert Loockermans, 1 1 r., 8 ft., 3 ins.; S. by road or
shore of East river, 3 r.; W. by ho. and lot of B. Jorissen
12 r., 2 ft.; N. by lot of his, the appearer's, 3 r. measured
in length and br. by J. Cortelyou, Oct. 2, 1657; recites
gr-br. July 3, 1643.
1667
July 10 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Katherine Roeliffs. (Pats.
Alb., II: 72.) Recites transport Loockermans to
Katherine Roeliffs, Nov. 28, 1657; that Katherine is the
wid. of Lucas Rodenburgh, deed. That Johannes Van
Brugh has married the said Katherine. Desc: Lot
having to the E. Govert Loockermans's dwelling-ho.;
S. the Strand of the East river; W. Burger Jorissen; N.
lot belonging to said Govert; cont'g in br. on S. side,
3 r.; N. side, 3 r.; E. side, 11 r., 8 ft., 3 ins.; W. side,
12 r., 2 ft.
1653
Feb. 20 Deed. Govert Loockermans to Claes Hendricks.
(HH: 12.) Desc: A lot E'ward of the ho. now occupied
by Govert Loockermans; in br. on S. side or along the
shore, 16 r., 2,14 ft.; on N. side, along Jan Damen's land,
16 r., 4 ft.; on E. 7K r.: on W., 16 r., 6 ft.
Feb. 28 Deed. Claes Hendricksen to William Pietersen. (HH:
15.) Desc: A lot with the buildings thereon standing,
next to Govert Loockermans, along the river side; being
in length on the S. side 3 r. and in the rear along Jan
Damen's land in br., 3 r. ; in length on W. side, 16 r.,
6 ft.; on E., 14 r., 4 ft. Recites gr-br. of Feb. 2, 1653.
1661
Mch. 24 Deed. William Pieters to R. Reynoutsen. Not re-
corded but recited in conf set forth below:
1667
Apl. 4 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Reynout Reynoutsen.
(Pats. Alb., IV: 37.) Recites transport William Pieters
unto R. Reynoutsen, Mch. 24, 1661. Desc: S. to the
water-side where the shipps ride, having to the W. ground
belonging to Govert Loockermans; to the N. that of
Reynier Ryckes; to the E. Andries Joghims and to the
S. the waterside aforementioned. Cont'g in br. before
to the St., 3 r., and to the N. the like; in length on the W.
side, 16 r., 6 ft., and on the E. 14 r., 4 ft.
1654
May 25 Deed. Claes Hendrix to Andries Jochemsen. Not
found of record, but recited in a mortgage by Jochemsen
to John Lawrence, of May i, 1667. (Lib. B, Deeds, N. Y.
Co.: 131.)
May 17 Deed. Claes Hendricks to J. J. Hays. Not found of
record, but recited in deed Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 58, May 17
set forth below.
165s
Deed. J. J. Hays to Arent Van Corlaer. Not found July 16
of record, but recited in deed Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 58.
1656
Deed. Arent Van Corlaer to William Beeckman. Not June 24
found of record, but recited in deed Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y.
Co.: 58.
Deed. Wilhelm Beeckman to Alexander Bryan and July 20
William East. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 58.) Desc:
His houses and lots on East river, bet. ho. and lot of A.
Jochemsen on the W. side; E. side by lot of J. Flodder.
Formerly of C. Hendricks and by him conveyed. May 17,
1654 to J. J. Hays and by him conveyed, July 16, 1655
unto Arent Van Corlaer and by him conveyed June 24,
1656 to Wilhelm Beeckman; except mill ho. Lot as
large and small as in above deeds.
Deed. William East to Jan Lauwerensen. (Lib. A, Aug. 7
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 172.) Desc: 2 houses and lots N. of
the Waal, bounded W. by A. Joghimsen, 12 r., 4 ft., but
on length of 72 ft., jutting out 6 ft.; N. by D. Litcho,
1 r., 9 ft., 4 ins.; E. by J. Flodder, 10 r., 2 ft.; S. by Waal,
3 r., 5 ft., 4 ins. According to survey by J. Cortelyou,
Sep. 6, this year. According to bill of sale, June 22,
1659; deed July 20, 1656.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to John Lawrence. (Pats. Apl. 15
Alb., II: 9.) Recites transport made by Mr. William
East of Milford, New England to John Lawrence Aug. 7,
1659. Desc: N. side St. which lies towards the Waal or
place where the ships ride at anchor on the East river;
abutting on the W. to Andries Joghimsen; on the N. to
the ground heretofore belonging to Lieut. Daniell
Litscho; on the E. to Jacob Flodder's and on the S. to
the said waal. Cont'g in br. on the S. side, 3 r., 5 ft.,
4 ins.; and on the N., I r., 9 ft., 4 ins.; in length on the
W. side, 12 r., 4 ft. and at the length of 72 ft. striking
with a corner of ground 6 ft. farther; it is on the E. side
10 r., 2 ft.
1654
Deed. Claes Hendricksen to J. J. Flodder. Not May 17
found of record, but recited in conf set forth below.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jacob Jansen Flodder. Apl. 5
(Pats. Alb., IV: 40.) Recites transport by Claes
Hendricksen to J. J. Flodder, May 17, 1654, who had
the same transported to him by Govert Loockermans on
Feb. 2, 1653. Desc: Lying towards the East river;
cont'g in br. on the S. side to the St., 3 r., 2 ft,, 6 ins.;
behind on the N. side i r., 7 ft., 6 ins.; in length on the
W. side, 10 r., 2 ft., 6 ins. and on the E. side, 7 r., 7 ft.
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Balthazar De Haart. June 28
(Pats. Alb., II: 56.) Recites transport Claes Hendrick-
sen to Jacob Jansen Flodder, May 17, 1654. Desc: Lot
towards the East river near unto the water port in the
St. commonly called the Waal, bet. the houses of Mr.
John Lawrence and the wid. Litscho. Cont'g in br.
on the S. side to the St., 3 r., 2 ft., 6 ins. and behind on
the N. side, i r., 7 ft., 6 ins.; length on the W. side, 10 r.,
2 ft., 6 ins.; on the E. side, 7 r., 7 ins. on which said
lot of ground was heretofore a dwelling-ho. which the
said Jacob Jansen Flodder hath suffered to be dilapi-
dated and wholly come to ruin, the said ground having
likewise for divers years layn waste and the fence and
highway who {sic) ought to have been kept in repairs,
having been neglected to the great prejudice of the
neighbors in particular and also of the inhabitants in
general, of all of which though divers admonitions have
been sent to the said Flodder as well as the several orders
made thereupon yett he hath taken no notice thereof
nor any way minded the same, therefore the said
4IO
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
June 28 lot ... is .. . forfeited to his R. Highness . . .
and I do confirme and graunt the same unto Balthazar
de Haart, &c.
Apl. 18 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Govert Loockermans.
(Pats. Alb., II: 14.) Recites gr-br. Kieft to Tymen
Jansen {supra). Desc: s. a. gr-br.
Note: Loockermans is confirmed in the entire gr-br.
This sometimes was done, although, as with the property
here treated of, much of the land had been ahenated
before the date of the confirmation.
LOT 13
1647
May 15 Gr-br. to Augustine Heermans. (GG: 218.) This
gr-br. set forth under Lot Number 7, Block L.
1660
Feb. 14 Burgomasters of City of Amsterdam in New Nether-
land, to Burger Joris. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 182.)
Desc: Lot E. of Smee street, bounded N. by ho. and lot
of . . . , I r., 2 ft., gins.; E. by lot of G. Loocker-
mans, 4 r., II ft.; S. by Jan Loockermans, 2 r., 6 ft., 8
ins.; W. by above street, 4 r., 10 ft. Measured by J.
Cortelyou, Nov. 9, 1659.
Feb. 14 Deed. Burger Jorrissen to Metje Juriaens. (Lib. A,
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 184.) Desc: s. a. preceding instru-
ment.
Note: This lot which had been taken away from Allard
Anthony and given to Burger Jorissen by the Survey
of 1657 when Smee street was run through, was in fact
the remainder of the Heermans grant on the E. side of
Smee street. {Rec. N. Am., VII: 159, 164, 231.)
BLOCK R
LOT I
1646
Feb. I Gr-br. to Roelof Jansen Haes. (GG: 131.) Desc: A
lot for a ho. and a garden, lying about N. E. from the
Fort Amsterdam on the road over against the lots of
Andries Hudden and Marten Cregier; its br. along the
said road is 7 r., 4 ft.; on the N. side by the ditch till
to the lot of Claes van Elslant, 6 r., I ft.; on the E. side
near the said lot of Elslant in length, 8 r., 5 ft.; and on
the S. side along the oblique road, 4 r., 6 ft., amtg. in
all to 42 r., 5 ft., 2 ins.
165 1
Aug. 29 Deed. Hendrick Kip to Albert Andriessen. {Dutch
MSS.,\\\: 92.) Desc: Ho. and lot N. E. of Ft. Amster-
dam; by virtue of a gr-br. Feb. i, 1646 to Roelof Jansen
Haes, due assignment thereof 1646, 17 Feb., to Hendrick
Kip of a ho. and lot on the W. and — (burned in original
vol.) sides, bounded by the Highway on the W. side,
adjoining Claes van Elslandt's lot; is br. on the W. side,
.? r., yyi ft.; long on the N. side, 1; r., ^yi ft.; on the E.
side, 5 r., ^yi ft. and on the S. side, 4 r., 6 ft.
1667
May 15 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Barent Albertsen. (Pats.
Alb., II: 28.) Recites gr-br. to Roeloff Jansen Haes,
dated Feb. i, 1646; that the same "came into the hands
of" Albert Andries, who transported and made over the
same to his children in lieu of their mother's estate. Also,
this conf. to the said children, viz.: Barent, Storme,
Andries, Jan, Dirck, Eva, Engelen and Jesselgen Albert-
sen. Desc: s. a. in gr-br. set forth above.
LOT 2
1647
Mch. 13 Gr-br. to Claes Van Elslant. (GG: 183.) Desc: A
cert, lot for a ho and garden, situated on the Island of
Manhattans, in the rear of the lot of Roelof Jansen; its
br. on the W. side is 8 r., 4 ft., 5 ins.; on the N. side its
length is 12 r., 5 (feet) [omitted in original, C. D. W.j
6 ins.; on the E. side, its br. is ; r., 5 ft.; further its br. Mch. 13
(on the length of 5 r., 7 ft.) is 5 r., 9 ft., 3 ins.; further
length, I r., 6 ft.; br., 7 r.; further length on the S. side
till to the lot of the afsd. Roelof Jansen, 5 r., 2 ft., 4 ins.;
amtg. to 82 r., 9 ft.
1655
Deed. Claes Van Elslant to Gillis Pietersen. (Lib. A, June 22
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 24.) Desc: Lot E. of Ft. Amster-
dam, abutting N. on the Graft, W. side, A. Classen's lot,
S. and E. on St.; br. in front S. side, 38 Rhineland ft.;
rear, N. side, 47 Rhineland ft.; long both E. and W. sides,
62 Rhineland ft. Recites gr-br. Mch. 13, 1647.
Deed. Isaac Kip, agent of Gillis Pietersen to Solomon Oct. 17
La Chair, and William Deuckles. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y.
Co.: 98.) Desc: Lot E of Ft. Amsterdam, abutting
N. on the Graft, 47 ft., W. on lot of A. Claes, 62 ft., S.
on St., 38 ft. and E. on St., 62 ft. Recites gr-br. Mch. 13,
1647.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Claes Van Elslandt. (Pats. May 22
II: 33.) Recites gr-br. to Van Elslandt. Desc: s. a.
gr-br. {supra).
Note: The gr-br. is thus confirmed notwithstanding
that Van Elslandt had divested himself of the greater
part.
1659
Deed. Willem Dueckles to Joannes Vervelen. (Lib. Oct. 4
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 179.) Lot N. of Marckvelt
Steeck; bounded W. by ho. and lot of J. Jansen Hagenaar,
70^ ft.; N. by Bevers Graght, 25 ft.; E. by a little
street, 69^^ ft.; S. by said Steeck, 21ft. Measured
inside the fence. Recites deed Oct. 21, 1657.
1660
Deed. Joannes Vervelen to Pierre Pia. (Lib. A, Aug. 27
Deeds, N. Y. Co.: 213.) Lot N. of Marckvelt Steegh;
bounded E. by lane, 69>^ft.; S. by the afsd. Steegh,
21 ft.; W. by ho. and lot of Jan Jansen Hagenaar, yoyi
ft.; N. by Bevers Graght, 25 ft. Recites deed Oct. 4,
Note: Though recorded, the above deed is stated not
to have been executed.
1659
Deed. Solomon La Chair to Jan Jansen Hagenaar. June 27
(Lib. A, Deeds, N.Y. Co.: 160.) Desc: Lot on Marck-
velt Steegh. Bounded W. by A. Clasen, e,yi r.; N. by
Beavers Graght, 24^2 ft.; E. by lot of W. Doukles,
^yi r.; S. by above-named steegh (lane), 21 ft., 3 ins.
Recites deed Oct. 17, 1657; recites, measured by J.
Cortelyou, May 10, 1659. _
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Jan Jansen Hagenaar. July 23
(Pats. Alb., II: 82.) Recites transport by Solomon La
Chair unto Jan J. Hagenaar, dated June 27, 1659. Desc:
s. a. preceding instrument.
LOT 3
1647
Gr-br. to Evert Jansen. (GG: 168.) Desc: A cert. Feb. 8
lot lying E. of the lot of Claes Van Elslant, being sepa-
rated by a road; its length on the N. side or on the ditch,
8 r., 7 ft.; on the E. side its br. is 5 r., 7 ft.; on the S. side
its length is 8 r., 3 ft.; on the W. side, its br. is 5 r., 7 ft.;
amtg. in all to 48 r., 4 ft., 5 ins.
1658
Deed. Evert Jansen Wendel to Hendrick Van Bom- June 3
mell. Not found of record, but recited in mtge. of June
17, 1658 and in conf. to Van Bommell set forth below.
1667
Conf. Governor Nicolls to Hendrick Van Bommel. May 3
(Pats. Alb., II: 21.) Recites transport by Evert Jansen,
June 3, 1658 for a third part of the lot therein granted,
THE DUTCH GRANTS
411
May 3 to Van Bommel; recites gr-br. to Jansen, dated Feb. 8,
1647. Desc: A third part out of the patent or gr-br.
1667
May 3 Conf. Governor Nicolls to Evert Jansen. (Pats.
Alb., II: 21.) Recites gr-br. to Evert Jansen, dated
Feb. 8, 1647. Desc: Lot lying to the E. of Claes van
Elslandt's, bet. whose lot of ground the highway makes
a partition, cont'g in length on the N. side towards the
(Beaver's) Graft, 8 r., 7 ft.; on the S., 8 r., 3 ft.; in br.
on the E. side, 5 r., 7 ft.; and on the W. side, the like,
being in all 48 r., 4 ft., 5 ins.
Note: As so frequently happens, the conf takes no
account of the parcel conveyed out of the gr-br. (to
Van Bommel).
LOT 4
1647
Mch. 25 Gr-br. to Gilyam Cornelse (or Cornelys). (GG: 198.)
Desc: A cert, lot lying on the Island of Manhattans,
on the public ditch; its br. S'ly on the road over against
the lot of Gerrit t)ouman, 8 r., 3 ft.; N'ly 8 r., 3 ft,;
E'ly over against the lot of Abraham Rycken, 5 r., 3 ft.;
W'ly on the lot of Evert Snvder, 5 r., 3 ft.
1668
Jan. 14 Conf Governor Nicolls to Sonnes of Gulielin Cornelis-
sen. (Pats. Alb., II; 152.) Recites gr-br. to Gilyam
Cornelissen, who, being deceased, title devolves on Will-
iam Guilyams and Pieter Guilyams (sic) his two sons.
Desc: Towards the Great Graft, cont'g in br. on S. side
of highway over against the lot heretofore of Gerrit
Douman, 8 r., 3 ft.; to the N. the like; in length, E. side,
over against Abraham Ryckens, 5 r., 3 ft. and on W., by
Evert Snyder, the like.
"The Little Street"
Bet. the grants of Van Elslandt and Evert Jansen
there was "a little street." Originally it was a rod
(i2 ft., 6 ins.) wide and ran diagonally through the block.
When the grants were cut up into lots, which were laid
out nearly at right angles to the Beaver's Graft (Beaver
street), there was left by usage, a street wider than it
had at first been, and now running at right angles to the
Graft. This street was sold under the following deed:
1660
Deed. Burgomasters of Amsterdam, New Nether- Aug. 23
lands, to Hendrick Eghbersen. (Lib. A, Deeds, N. Y.
Co.: 209.) Desc: Lot S. of Beaver's Graft, bounded
E. by ho. and lot of H. Van Bommel, 4 r., 12 ft., 6 ins.;
S. by Marckvelt Steeghie, 24 ft., 8 ins.; W. by ho. and
lot of P. Pra, 5 r., 2 ft.; N. by the Graght, 23 ft.
Measured by J. Cortelyou, Aug. 21, 1660.
1660
Deed. Hendrick Eghbersen to Jan Schryver. (Lib. Oct. 7
A, Deeds, N. Y. Co. : 197.) Desc: s. a. preceding instru-
ment.
A Grant Unlocated on the Map of Dutch Grants
1645
Gr-br. to Ariaen Petersen (from Alckmaer). (GG: Sep. 7
105.) Desc: A lot for a ho. and garden lying on the
Island of Manhattans, situated N. of the Fort and
bounded on the N. by Martin Cregier (Krugier); it ex-
tends on the W. side in length 11 r., 3 ft., 3 ins.; on the
N. side, 7 r., 9 ft.; on the E. side, 9 r., 9 ft., 8 ins.; on the
S. side, II r., 9 ft.; next to Martin Cregier; amtg. in all
to 103 r., 3 ft. and i in.
1664
Elsie Jans, wife of Hendrick Joghimsen, late wid. of May 20
Adriaen Petersen van Alkmaaer, asks for payment of
p. o. the lot drawn into the Marketfield (for the City),
asks for another lot for Van Alkmaaer's children.
"Whereas p. o. the above lot has been paid for to Adriaen
Dircksen Koe, not by the Burgomasters but by the
Director-General and Council and building thereon
forbidden, petitioners are referred to them," &c. (Min.
Orph. Court, II: 197.)
Note: This grant could not have been in the described
location, bounded N. by Martin Cregier. It was
probably on the E. of the Marketfield, and "drawn into"
(i. e. condemned as part of) the Marketfield by the Di-
rector-General and Council. A portion of it may have
been subsequently regranted, but the records are silent
upon this subject.
V
EARLY NEW YORK NEWSPAPERS
C. PL. 88
Kutnb^ 1 8.
T«E
New-York Gazette.
From RifBiwr aS. toMoaiay i^rch 7. ^^i^i'L
t
Cmtinusim of rhrTrttrj of Ccmviera it^mm tht
,.'; Xuftrtr »/<ienaany Md tht Kmi of 5p«ta.
jfrtiWf 17- ' ■"'
Sah]e!!K on both Si£l« ftaH be allow.
chiife.at tbeir o*n VleaSitt, Coun'
_^ . Agents, Attornies, Solidtors «ad
■ it In aB thePottsahd trading Cities whtcB
' koth their Ma^fties (haU agree iipon, Natienal
■ •''Sinfiils'lhan be ertabliftied to ptoteft the Mer^
" <hants DQ both Sides, and they arc ta emoy aU
• the Right»,Authorities, libcttiesand Immunmet
-' fiie mod befriended IjJatibHs do enjoy. .
■•^"l.»- Thoft Confujs fiian be einpOwewdtfttaKe
' CognlSince of the Differences and DifpufK hc-
" tweea'ihe M«cfiants and the Mailers of the
' Wvi, -and between the latter and their Cttw»,
,6) dKldeihcra; fo that there (hall be no Appeal
■ irom thf ir Sentence to -the Judge of iha place
■ Of their ReCd?nce. . , . .-, .
■ .0, As to the Judges Confetvatot*,. Who wth«
fgR^r^n? ^ a cteMerabki Ma«iftr«G:tn
Spmn, which the moil ft»eured Nations were »1-
lovrej Xfi cjinfe for ^hemfelres, with a Parter to
i«dge-petemptority hi eivHaad Criminal Cafts,
mmgti^oCe oi their own Nation, it has been a-.
gr?cd, Thatin cate his Royal CatholicTi Hajelty
"grititsfor the future thisPriTilege to any Kation,
ths fam? IhaU be likewife granted to hn Imperial
Majflts'sSabjeas; Mean while/impartial * fpeedy
tallica fliaU be done by the flrdlnary Magiftrajei
an4 Judges, from whofe Sentences no Appeal ftttll
Vf ijwde bat wlj t6 the Coitilcil of- Gommeiw
51 Th« Efcbeat, or any Right of tft tike Na-
■ Mrf, ftafl not be made ufe of with Refpcft to
' , .fa?b qth^sSubjeaSi-hnt the Hpirsef the Deteaftd
''' 0)4 fu^cepd them, either by VViIlorJ«« />i"J*Mfi
TOhoyt any Lett or Hindrance-, and in Caft pt
yjyiiC? among two Or more Heirs, the Judges of
itfilf r "f '"'^-''H'^ ^^"- ^^"" TjeremptorilT-
'ii;'lf a Merchant or other Jnbjefl; of «the* op
■ , th? c^nfra^ing Parties (hould chance w die wlth-
' w-the'other^ bftminions the Conftl of ionja
,. ctlm^ o; tljeijc piiblickMinifters, i^ there be any,
Jbal] repair ta the Hoiife ot the- deceafed, and tako
:w luKniory oj-'all his Merchandize aftd'Efi^fts,
aslikewireofhis'Books and Papers, in Order to
■. fjwiK them jSot the Heirs of the Deeeafta.
• ■ ,, JVln cafeatjy ShiE.helo'l&iiS.'o *''* coflttad- ,
■ jpft gii^ies.'Or tbeir Jiib|eft« ihould be wrecked
. <-.opoit each cither^ Coafts;' theFifelOffieers-fllall-
' ' el^ 00 Right to it, and all pldndring iball be
'(■'/'
ffveirely forbidden; morevtr, Afl ftanoe i» to be '
giyentothofe who fuffcr ■SWpwrwi, ft* fttSog
and feciiring all they can. ■ -■
— r?4?^KT«rti!enA>l3)efty 0|sllr4M«t toj&iej •
text whatroivcr'.'fttaTfmftea Priw UpSSmm^
chandises belonging to his 1 mperial MaJeftyHSiA.'
jeds, bet they fcall be at Liberty to ftU tirem at •
the current Price : The fame Liberty is gnnted to
the Span ifb Si! b eat in the Smperour^ Dbminioni.
J. If the Effeifts of fomeof either Parties Sub-
jefls, fhould be conSfcttcd, and that ibjoe Good*
belonging to any other Perfon,(bouId happen to be
among them, thty (hall be ireilored totbt Qwaer%
&e. . .,•.., . •.'...'.
iS. n\i Imperial Majefty's^bipiaBdi^b^
fiiall be allowed to carry and bring frora the Sitft-
IMiii intfsallthe KingofSj)4»Vs Dominions, a||
(bits of Fruits,' Eftefts, «nd Merchandiret, pro^
vided it appear, by AiSdavits of the D^tici of
the ,Wi'j Company eftabtUhcd in the JtufriamKt'
tkirUuii, tbtt they t»me froig the cooqucred Pia*
ee«, Colonies or fadoriet of theri!dCompanv,ia
whiehCaft they thalT enjoy the fame frivil^e*
etaoted to the SubjeStsof the ynired Pnmncet -
by the Royal Letters of the ifik ef jFw», aad
.3d d July \«6i : Moreortr hisCathcfici- MajcJty
declares, That he grants to the Imperial subjea»
whatever has been granted to theStates-Geweral ;
Of the United Provinces by the Treaty in ,848,
both with refpcft to the M:tt and any other thing
applicable to the liud Treity, ss liKcwifetathe
prdient Peace concluded between their MajefifeL
j7. As to what relates to the Coromttce t>f ilw
Ondif-IltmU, the Imperial Suhf>^« fliaU en-
ioy theiam? Advaatagei witti the Ea^Uft aad .
J>iack,
RtmmpMce of tie Geiurat Jfftmitf of tit
■Clirgj «)/ Francej f frefented to the K/ngi
agaiafi the StW'ttxrf'tMfOfet Com
••■'StiiX " -y' '■■''■■ / ' ■ r-
TH E Cletgy of jKtKrti who hm altffiajrs
efteem'd K theitGloty 60 glveyOntMajeJly^
and th»KingS7onr Predcccflbrs, Effiftual as well
as publiek Prooftof their tnaft profound Submi'' oa
and Obedience, . find theroleWes conftialfled to
atcomjjany thenewHomage, which they hate, the
HenoiirtopayyonthisDay, with iuft'COmplaintl
and moft humble Remohftrancef ■
■fhe Ediftwhicbyour Ma efty has beto^leis'cl
t^foblift, fbr eaifmg'fMJtrCoif. ujron all jrour
Subjeas Eftatct, feema indKdTnoi (o include t^
•?'■■■
INTRODUCTORY NOTES
THIS check-list is an outgrowth of researches made among the early New
York City newspapers for historical material for the Chronology. An
attempt was made to find and read at least one weekly for each week,
while weeklies only were published; a semi-weekly for the period of the semi-
weeklies, and a daily after the regime of the dailies began. This led to the files
of those newspapers included in this list whose headings are printed in capitals
followed by a dagger in the "Bibliographical Data." The difficulty of locating
some of the issues suggested the desirability of makmg of a check-list, in which
should be preserved such information as had been gathered, and which should
indicate what additional particulars were needed to complete the record.
For the further information of students, it has been deemed advisable to include
also as complete a list as possible of all other newspapers that were printed in
New York City up to the year 1812. These additional newspapers, with their
respective data, are given in situ under the "Bibliographical Data," and are dis-
tinguishable by their headings, which are printed without a dagger. Informa-
tion about them has been derived in large measure from the newspaper files in
the New York Historical Society, supplemented by the printed lists or catalogues
of the New York Public Library, the Historical Society of Wisconsin, the Library
of Congress, and other similar sources. No claim to absolute accuracy is made
for these data, since they are in part compilatory; yet, they contain material
which has never appeared in print before with so much particularity.
As New York City is the natural centre for the New York City newspapers,
the resources of the main city libraries (the Public, the Historical Society, and the
Society) were listed first. In each case, the most complete New York City file
was listed, and its deficiencies were supplied, first by issues found in the other
city libraries, and, second, by issues in out-of-town libraries. Recourse was had
to foreign libraries only when American libraries were found deficient.
No attempt has been made to show how extensive the files of the papers in
the various libraries are. The object has been, solely, to locate for each file as
many numbers as possible, giving the preference to the numbers in the New York
414
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
City libraries. While a large percentage o
unfortunately still remain many "Missing
has included the following libraries: —
California Berkeley
Los Angeles
Sacramento
Stanford
Connecticut
District of
Columbia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Hartford
New Haven
Washington
Chicago
Urbana
Bloomington
Des Moines
New Orleans
Portland
Baltimore
Massachusetts Boston
Cambridge
Salem
Worcester
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Lansing
St. Paul
Concord
Newark
Michigan
Minnesota
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
New Brunswick
Princeton
Trenton
Albany
Brooklyn
Buffalo
Ithaca
f the files was located completely, there
Nos." An unavailing search for these
University of California Library.
Los Angeles Public Library.
California State Library.
Leland Stanford Junior University
Library.
Connecticut Historical Society Library.
Connecticut State Library.
New Haven Colony Historical Society
LibrarJ^
Yale University Library.
Library of Congress.
Chicago Historical Society Library.
Chicago Public Library.
Newberry Library.
University of Illinois Library.
Indiana University Library.
Iowa State Library.
Howard Memorial Library.
Maine Historical Society Library.
Enoch Pratt Free Library.
Maryland Historical Society Library.
Peabody Library.
Boston Athenaeum.
Boston Public Library.
Massachusetts Historical- Society Library.
Harvard College Library.
Essex Institute Library.
American Antiquarian Society Library.
University of Michigan Library.
The Burton Library.
Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society.
St. Paul Public Library.
New Hampshire State Library.
New Jersey Historical Society Library.
Newark Public Library.
Rutgers College Library.
Princeton University Library.
New Jersey State Library.
Albany Historical and Art Society Library.
New York State Library.
Brooklyn Public Library.
Long Island Historical Society Library.
Buffalo Historical Society Library.
Cornell University Library.
EARLY NEWSPAPERS— INTRODUCTORY NOTES
415
New York
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont
Virginia
Wisconsin
British Isles
France
Germany
Holland
Spain
Kingston
Newburgh
New York City
Utica
Cleveland
Harrisburg
Philadelphia
Pittsburg
Providence
Montpelier
Richmond
Williamsburg
Madison
Milwaukee
Bideford
Bristol
Cambridge
Edinburgh
Falmouth
Liverpool
London
Oxford
Plymouth
Poole (Dorset)
Southampton
Paris
Berlin
The Hague
Madrid
Kingston Public Library.
Old Senate House.
Newburgh Public Library.
Washington Headquarters Library.
Columbia University Library.
Mercantile Library.
New York Historical Society Library.
New York Law Institute Library.
New York Public Library.
New York Society Library.
Oneida Historical Society Library.
Western Reserve Historical Society Library.
Pennsylvania State Library.
Library Company of Philadelphia.
Mercantile Library.
Historical Society of Pennsylvania Library.
University of Pennsylvania Library.
Carnegie Library.
Brown University Library.
John Carter Brown Library.
Rhode Island Historical Society Library.
Vermont State Library.
Virginia State Library.
College of William and Mary Library.
State Historical Society of Wisconsin
Library.
Milwaukee Public Library.
Public Library.
Public Library.
University Library.
Advocates Library.
Public Library.
Public Library.
British Museum.
Public Record Office.
Bodleian Library.
Public Library.
Public Library.
Public Library.
Bibliotheque Nationale.
Imperial Library.
Dutch Archives.
Biblioteca Nacional.
The list of extra issues, supplements, etc., makes no boast of being complete.
All such issues in the New York City libraries, the Library of Congress, and the
American Antiquarian Society Library have been listed, and many, but manifest-
4i6 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
ly not all, in other libraries. To have made a complete list of such issues would
have entailed a search through the entire files of the papers in the various libraries,
instead of a quest for "Missing Nos." only. The work involved by such an
undertaking would have been quite incommensurate with any additional infor-
mation which it might have brought to Hght.
Supplements, etc., published on the same day as the regular issue, have been
listed under that date; but where this is other than that of the regular issue, it
has been indicated by prefixing the word "Dated" to the date of the supplement.
Frequent use has been made of the Thomas F. Devoe collection of news-
paper indexes — two ledgers and twenty-six subject indexes — in the New York
Historical Society.
The abbreviations used refer as follows:
AAS American Antiquarian Society.
BM British Museum.
HC Harvard College.
HSP Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
LC Library of Congress.
LCP Library Company of Philadelphia.
LI Long Island Historical Society.
MHS Massachusetts Historical Society.
NJHS New Jersey Historical Society.
NYHS New York Historical Society.
NYPL New York Public Library. ■ '
NYSoc.L New York Society Library.
WHS Historical Society of Wisconsin.
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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA
NEWSPAPERS have been entered in the check-list under brief titles;
more complete information being given here. Changes of title, printer,
pubHsher, editor, etc., are given under the date upon which these changes
first appear upon any issue here listed. In some cases, these data have been
supplemented and corrected by information derived from sources other than the
newspapers themselves.
1785 Mar. I
1785 Apr. 6 [
1785 Sept. 2
1785 Sept. 20
1785 Oct. 27
17
2
1787 Oct.
1789 July
1794 Nov. 13
1796 Jan. 25
1798 July 10
1800 Jan. 16
1803 May 2
1803 Nov. 23
1805 May 31
ADVERTISER t
The New- York Daily Advertiser
The Daily Advertiser, Political, Commercial,
and Historical
The Daily Advertiser: Political, Historical,
and Commercial
The Daily Advertiser
PRINTER, ETC
Francis Childs
F. Childs & Co.
Francis Childs
Discontinued
Francis Childs and
John Swaine
Francis Childs
William Robins
Charles Snowden
Robert Wilson
J. Seymour
George Bruce
FREQUENCY
Daily
THE AMERICAN CHRONICLE
1762 Mar. 20. Saturday, No.l Samuel Farley Weekly
Note: From No. 2, March 29, Farley changed the day of issue to Monday. NYPL has only known examples,
from No. 3, April 5, to No. 16, July 5, inclusive, and a small fragment of No. 39, Dec. 13. Continued to No. 44,
and perhaps later. Farley also printed an earlier broadside news-sheet, entitled, '
"Number II.'
Martinico," of which NYPL has
AMERICAN CITIZEN AND GENERAL ADVERTISER
See Argus, & Greenleaf's New Daily Advertiser
t See page 413.
41 8 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
DATE TITLE PRINTER, ETC. FREJJUENCY
AMERICAN MINERVA
1793 Dec. 9 The American Minerva George Bunce& Co. Daily
1794 March 19 American Minerva, and the New York
(Evening) Advertiser
1795 May 6 American Minerva; an Evening Advertiser
1796 May 2 The Minerva, & Mercantile Evening Ad- Hopkins, Webb &
vertiser Co.
1797 May 15 Hopkins & Co.
1797 Oct. 2 Commercial Advertiser George F. Hopkins
1799 July I E. Belden & Co.
Note: Continued till Feb. i, 1904, when merged with "The Globe."
AMERICAN PATRIOT, AND PUBLIC ADVERTISER
See The Public Advertiser
ARGUS, & GREENLEAF'S NEW DAILY ADVERTISER
1795 May II The Argus, & Greenleaf's New Daily
Advertiser Thomas Greenleaf Daily
1795 May 16 The Argus, or Greenleaf's New Daily
Advertiser
1796 Aug. 3 Argus. Greenleaf's New Daily Adver-
tiser
1798 Sept. 16
to Nov. 4 Publication suspended
1798 Nov. 5 Ann Greenleaf
1800 March 10 American Citizen and General Advertiser D. Denniston
CHRONICLE EXPRESS
1802 Nov. 25 William A. Davis Semi-weekly
Note: NYHS has file to April 12, 1804.
THE COLUMBIAN
1809 Nov. I Charles Holt Daily
Note: NYHS has file to June 30, 1821, when the paper was discontinued by the then publisher, Alden Spooner,
who announced, in place thereof, "The New-York Journal, and Patron of Industry."
COLUMBIAN GAZETTE
1799 April 7 J. M. Williams Weekly
COLUMBIAN GAZETTEER
1793 Aug. 22 John Buel & Co. Semi-weekly
1794 Nov. 17 The New- York Evening Post L. Wayland Tri-weekly
1794 Dec. 8 L. Wayland and
Matthew L. Davis
1795 May 25 Suspended
o
CD
Ph
s
o
\^
>
o
^
e;
• X'
Ve-V.
-£l
//•.■
EARLY NEWSPAPERS— BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA 419
DATE TITLE PRINTER, ETC. FREQUENCY
COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER
See American Minerva
THE CONSTITUTIONAL GAZETTE
177s Aug. 2 [?] John Anderson Bi-weekly-
Note: NYHS has from Vol I, No. 3 (Aug. 9, 1775) to Vol. II, No. 113 (Aug. 28, 1776). This paper ran a httle
longer, perhaps until the capture of New York City by the British, in September, 1776.
THE DAILY ADVERTISER!
See Advertiser
DAILY PATRIOTIC REGISTERf
1787 Nov. 19 The New- York Journal, and Daily Patri-
otic Register
1788 July 26 [}] Discontinued
Note: The consecutive numbering began with the issue of November I, 1787, No. 2139, of The New- York
Journal, and Weekly Register. See The New- York Journal.
Thomas Greenleaf Daily
1792 Feb. i;
1793 Jan. I
1794 Jan. I
179s Feb. [?]
1795 Feb. 24[?]
179s May 26 [?]
1796 Feb. I
1797 Jan. 25
1797 Mar. 20
1797 Apr. I
1797 June 20
1798 Apr. 16 [?]
1798 Sept. II [?]
1798 Nov. 13 [?]
1808 June 22 [?]
1799
1800
DIARYt
The Diary; or Loudon's Register
The Diary; or, Evening Register
The Diary, & Universal Daily Adver-
tiser
The Diary, & Universal Advertiser
The Diary
Diary and Mercantile Advertiser
Mercantile Advertiser
FORLORN HOPE
Note: WHS has March 24, 1799; LC has partial file, March 31
entitled "Prisoner of Hope," published from May 3 to Aug. 23, 1800,
Samuel Loudon Daily
Samuel Loudon &
Son
Loudon & Brower
Samuel Loudon
SamuelLoudon,Jr.
Cornelius C. Van
Allen & Co.
Crookes & Saund-
ers for John I.
Johnson
John Crookes for
John L Johnson
John Crookes for
the Proprietor
John Crookes for
the Proprietors
John Crookes for
the Proprietor
John Crookes &
A. Butler
Published by con-
victs in New York
State Prison Weekly
William Keteltas
to Sept. 6, 1800. There was also a weekly,
by William Sing.
420 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
DATE TITLE PRINTER, ETC. FREQUENCY
GAZETTE t
1725 Nov. I The New- York Gazette William Bradford Weekly
1744 July 2 [?] William Bradford &
Henry De Foreest
1744 Nov. 19 Discontinued. Cf. Hildehurn, Printers and Pr{nting,pp. 14-15
GAZETTE FRANCAISE ET AMERICAINE
179s July 6 [No. ll Tri-weekly
179s July 17 J- Delafond, Editor
and Printer
lyqc Oct. 2 Labruere, Parisot and Co.
Printers
Note: NYHS has a fine file, ending March 2, 1796, in which number the printing-office was advertised for sale
by the editors. This paper was printed in French and English in parallel columns, even to the advertisements.
The English title is given as " French & American Gazette."
THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES
1789 April IS John Fenno Semi-weekly
Note: Removed to Philadelphia in 1790, continued there on Nov. 3, 1790.
THE GLOBE
See American Minerva
GREENLEAF'S NEW YORK JOURNAL, & PATRIOTIC REGISTERf
See New-York Journal
HERALDt
1802 Jan. 2 New- York Herald Michael Burnham Semi-weekly
THE HERALD; A GAZETTE FOR THE COUNTRY
1794 June 4 George Bunce & Co. Semi-weekly.
1796 May 4 Hopkins, Webb & Co.
Note: Continued Oct. 4, 1797, as "The Spectator," q.v.
THE IMPARTIAL GAZETTEER, AND SATURDAY EVENING'S POST
1788 May 17 Harrisson & Purdy Weekly
1788 Aug. 9 The Impartial Gazetteer
1788 Aug. 16 The Impartial Gazetteer, and Saturday
Evening Post
1788 Sept. 20 The New- York Weekly Museum
1791 May 7 John Harrisson
1 791 May 14 The Weekly Museum
Note: Published by John Harrisson until his death, Oct. 4, 1804; by his widow, Margaret, until her death, in
March, 1808; by Charles Harrisson until May, 1812; and then sold to James Oram.
o
;..
I
;0,
1/84 Feb.
18
1787
1788
1789 Aug.
S
1796
1797 Jan.
2
1799 Mar.
EARLY NEWSPAPERS— BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA 421
DATE TITLE PRINTER, ETC. FREQUENCY
THE INDEPENDENT JOURNAL: OR, THE GENERAL ADVERTISER
1783 Nov. 17 [No. l] Webster and McLean Weekly
1783 Dec. 25 Semi-weekly
J. McLean and Co.
Tri-weekly
The New- York Daily Gazette A. McLean Daily
Archibald McLean
The New- York Gazette and General Ad-
vertiser Daily
McLean and Lang
John Lang
Note: Continued subsequently by Turner, A. McCall, and others, and absorbed in 1840 by "The New York
Journal of Commerce."
THE INDEPENDENT NEW-YORK GAZETTEf
See New- York Journal
THE INDEPENDENT REFLECTOR
1752 Nov. 30 to
1753 Nov. 22 James Parker Weekly
Note: Nos. 1-52, all published. Political. In NYPL.
THE INSTRUCTOR
1755 Parker & Weyman
Note: From Hildeburn'."! "Sketches." No issues known.
JOHN ENGLISHMAN
175s April II Parker & Weyman Weekly and
Note: NYPL has Nos. i-io, lacking No. 9. No. 10 is dated July 5.
Bi-weekly
JOURNAL t
1733 Nov. 5 The New- York Weekly Journal John Peter Zenger Weekly
[misprinted October]
1746 Sept. I [?] Cathrine Zenger
1749 Jan. 2 John Zenger
1751 Mar. 18 Latest issue known. Cf. Rutherfurd, John Peter Zenger, pp. 169 and 267.
Evans, Bibliography, 1751, No. 6740; Hildeburn, p. 29, says Zenger died
some time before July, 1751, and the paper was discontinued.
Note: The younger John Zenger's printing press and materials were sold at auction on July 30, 1751 (De
Foreest's "The New- York Evening Post," July 8th, announcing the sale and date thereof).
LADIES' MONITOR
1 801 Aug. 8 The Ladies' Monitor Isaac Newton Ralston Weekly
[Vol. I, No. i]
1801 Oct. 10 The Lady's Monitor Phineas Heard
1802 May I Heard and Forman
Note: NYHS has Nos. 2 to 39, the last one being May 15, 1802. Mainly a literary weekly.
422 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
DATE TITLE PRINTER, ETC. FREQUENCY
MERCANTILE ADVERTISER f
See Diary
MERCURYt
1752 Aug. 3 [?] The New- York Mercury Hugh Gaine Weekly
Cj. Mercury, Oct. 28, 1765; Ford (P. L.)
Journals of Hugh Gaine, I: 4.
1765 Nov. 4 to
1765 Nov. 18 No Stamped Paper to be had
1765 Nov. 25 The New- York Mercury
1768 Feb. I The New- York Gazette; and the Weekly
Mercury
1776 Oct. 7 Printer's name omitted
1776 Nov. II Gaine's name restored
1783 Nov. 10 Discontinued
Note: September 30 to November 4, Ambrose Serle, a loyalist, printed the Mercury under General Howe's
direction. Meanwhile, at Newark, in East New Jersey, Gaine printed seven numbers, September 21 to Novem-
ber 2, of a paper with the same name.
MERRY AND WISE
1807 Weekly
Note: WHS has March 30.
THE MINERVA, & MERCANTILE EVENING ADVERTISER
See American Minerva
MORNING CHRONICLE
1802 Oct. I [No. I ] Printed for the Proprietor, by William A Davis Daily
1803 Nov. 22 Printed and published for the Proprietor by Robert Wilson
1804 Nov. 7 Printed and published for the Proprietor by Lewis Jones, Jun.
1805 Feb. 9 Printed and published by Lewis Jones, Jun., & Co.
1805 Aug. 3 Printed and published by Lewis Jones, Jun.
1807 Mar. 16 Printed and published by Lazarus Beach
1807 June IS Publication ceased
THE MORNING POST, AND DAILY ADVERTISER
See The New- York Morning Post
THE NEW-YORK CHRONICLE
1769 May 8[No. i] Alexander and James
Robertson Weekly
Note: Suspended before their removal to Albany, in 1771. NYSoc.L has No. I, May 8, 1769; NYPL has
No. 16, Aug. 17, 1769; WHS has May to Nov., 1769; NYHS has from No. i. May 8, 1769, to Jan. 4, 1770.
THE NEW-YORK DAILY ADVERTISERf
See Advertiser
THE NEW-YORK DAILY GAZETTE
See The Independent Journal: or, the General Advertiser
CD
■V:
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9 ■'■<:
£?>.
i
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EARLY NEWSPAPERS— BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA
423
PRINTER, ETC.
FREQUENCY
THE NEW-YORK EVENING POST
1744-17 S2 Henry De Foreest Weekly
Note: First afternoon newspaper, and first newspaper printed by a native of New York. NYHS has 1744-1748
and 1750, with some gaps; NYPL has 1751.
THE NEW- YORK EVENING POST
1783 Mar. 21 [Vol. II, No. 86] Sower, Morton &
Horner
Note: From a single issue in NYHS.
THE NEW-YORK EVENING POST
See Columbian Gazetteer
Tri-weekly
NEW-YORK EVENING POSTf (Burnham)
See Post
THE NEW- YORK GAZETTEf (Bradford)
See Gazette
THE NEW-YORK GAZETTEf (Parker and Successors)
See Post-Boy
1759 Feb. 16
1759 Aug. 13
1767 Dec. 28
NEW YORK GAZETTEf
William Weyman
Weyman's New- York Gazette
The New- York Gazette
Discontinued
Weekly
THE NEW- YORK GAZETTE AND GENERAL ADVERTISER
See The Independent Journal: or, the General Advertiser
THE NEW YORK GAZETTE; AND THE WEEKLY MERCURYf
See Mercury
THE NEW- YORK GAZETTEER, AND THE COUNTRY JOURNAL
1783 Dec. 3 (No. I, folio) Shepard Kollock Weekly
1784 Jan. 5 Tri-weekly
1784 Aug 17 before this date became a Semi-weekly
1784 Dec. 3 (No. 130) last folio issue, ending first year
1784 Dec. 7 (No. I, quarto) The New- York Gazetteer Semi-weekly
1785 Dec. 6 The New- York Gazetteer, and The Country
Journal
1787 Carroll and Patterson
Note: NYHS has a partial file from Dec. 10, 1783, to Aug. 8, 1786. Odd numbers are also in NYPL and LC.
NEW-YORK HERALDf (Burnham)
See Herald
424
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
PRINTER, ETC.
NEW-YORK JOURNAL t
1766 May 29
1766 Oct. 16
1776 Aug. 29
1777 July 7
1777 Oct. 13
1778 May II
1780 Nov. 6
1 78 1 July 30
1782 Jan. 6
1783 Nov. 22
1783 Dec. 13
1784 Feb. 5
1784 Mar. 18
1785 Feb. 17
1785 Mar. 3
1785 June 23
1785 Aug. 4
1787 Jan. 18
1787 Nov. I
1787 Nov. 19
1787 Nov. 22
1787 Dec. 28
1788 Jan. 3
1788 July 31
1790 May 4
1794 Jan. I
1798 Sept. 8
The New- York Journal, or General
Advertiser
The New- York Journal, or General
Advertiser
The numbering of this paper corre-
sponded to the numbering of the Post-
Boy, Oct. 16 being numbered 1241
Discontinued until July 7, 1777
At Kingston
The New- York Journal, and the
General Advertiser
Kingston being burned by the British,
the paper suspended until May 11, 1778
At Poughkeepsie
Suspended
Resumed
Suspended for the printer to print the
State laws until Nov. 22, 1783
At New York, with a new series of num-
bers
The Independent New- York Gazette
The Independent Gazette; or the
New- York Journal revived
The New- York Journal, and State Gazette
The old series of numbers was resumed
The New- York Journal, and the General
Advertiser
John Holt
John Holt
FREQUENCY
Sporadic issue
Weekly
Elizabeth Holt
The New- York Journal, or the Weekly
Register
The New-York Journal, and Weekly
Register
The New- York Journal, and Daily
Patriotic Register
The New- York Journal, and Weekly
Register
The New- York Journal, and Daily
Patriotic Register
The New- York Journal, and Weekly
Register
Greenleaf having discontinued his daily,
the numbers of the weekly again
became consecutive
The New- York Journal, & Patriotic
Register
Greenleaf's New York Journal, &
Patriotic Register
Eleazer Oswald for
Elizabeth Holt
Eleazer Oswald and
Andrew Brown
Eleazer Oswald
Thomas Greenleaf
Semi-weekly
Printer's name
omitted
■
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O
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£ Z
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2 .-if nil
-I -;IS•is
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EARLY NEWSPAPERS— BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA 425
DATE TITLE PRINTER, ETC. FREQUENCY
1798 Nov. 7 . Ann Greenleaf
1800 Mar. 8 Discontinued
Note: Ann Greenleaf sold to James Cheetham, who changed the name to "The American Watch Tower,"
beginning with a new series of numbers. Cf. Thomas, History of Printing, Vol. VI, pp. 1 19-120.
THE NEW-YORK JOURNAL, AND DAILY PATRIOTIC REGISTER f
See New- York Journal
THE NEW- YORK JOURNAL, AND PATRON OF INDUSTRY
See The Columbian
THE NEW YORK JOURNAL OF COMMERCE
See The Independent Journal: or, the General Advertiser
THE NEW-YORK MERCURYf
See Mercury
NEW YORK MERCURY, OR, THE GENERAL ADVERTISER
1779 Sept. 3 William Lewis Weekly
1782 May Lewis & Horner
Note: WHS has an issue as late as Jan. 3, 1783; but how much longer the paper appeared has not been learned
THE NEW-YORK MORNING POST
1782 May [?] Sower, Morton and
Horner Semi-weekly
1783 Morton & Horner
1786 The New- York Morning Post, and Daily
Advertiser William Morton Daily
1789 The Morning Post, and Daily Advertiser
Note: NYHS has an issue as late as June 30, 1812.
THE NEW-YORK MUSEUM
1788 Aug. 15 John Russell Semi-weekly
Note: This issue is in NYPL.
THE NEW- YORK PACKET AND THE AMERICAN ADVERTISERf (Loudon)
See Packet
THE NEW- YORK RACQUET
1763 July II [No. o] Benjamin Mecom Weekly
Note: Copies of the zero number are in NYPL and NYHS; the latter has also No. 6, Monday, August 22.
It is not known how much longer the paper was issued.
NEW- YORK SPECTATOR!
See Spectator
NEW-YORK WEEKLY CHRONICLE
1795 Jan. I Mott and Hurtin's New- York Weekly Jacob S. Mott and
Chronicle William Hurtin Weekly
179s April 30 The New- York Weekly Chronicle William Hurtin, Jun.,
and Andrew Commardinger
Note: NYHS has file ending with Oct. 1, 1795.
THE NEW- YORK WEEKLY JOURNALf (Zenger)
See Journal
426 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
DATE TITLE PRINTER, ETC. FREQUENCY
THE NEW-YORK WEEKLY MAGAZINE; OR, MISCELLANEOUS REPOSITORY
1795 July I John Bull Weekly
1797 Jan. 4 Thomas Burling
1797 Feb 22 Thomas Burling, Jun.,
&Co.
1797 April 19 John Tiebout, for
Thomas Burling,
Jun., & Co.
Note: NYPL has Nos. 1-97 (July, 1795 to May, 1797), incomplete.
THE NEW-YORK WEEKLY MUSEUM
See The Impartial Gazetteer, and Saturday Evening's Post
\
THE NEW- YORK WEEKLY POST-BOYf (Parker)
See Post-Boy
THE OBSERVER
1809 Feb. 19 [No. l] William Elliot, printer; Weekly
Sinclair, publisher
1810 Oct. 14 [No. l] Printed and Published
by Elliot and Crissy
Note: NYHS has Feb. 19, 26; March 5, 19, and April 16, 23, 30, 1809; and Oct. 14, 1810, to April 21, 1811.
A Sunday weekly.
THE OCCASIONAL REVERBERATOR
1753 Sept. 7 James Parker Weekly
Note: NYPL has Nos. 1-4 (Sept. 7 to Oct. 5), all issued.
THE ORACLE AND DAILY ADVERTISER
1808 Jan. I [No. i] L'Oracle (L'Echo du Jour) and Daily J. J. Negrin Daily
Advertiser
1808 Aug. 16 L'Oracle and Daily Advertiser
1808 Sept. 12 The Daily Advertiser Joseph Desnoues
Note: English and French. WHS has May 7, 1808; NYHS has from Jan. i, 1808 (No. i), to Sept. 10, and
"The Daily Advertiser" to Dec. 31, 1808. In 1807, Negrin published this paper in Charleston, S. C.
PACKET t
1776 Jan. 4 [No. i] The New York Packet and the Ameri-
can Advertiser Samuel Loudon Weekly
1776 Oct) I Removed to Fishkill. Cf. LC Check
List of i8th Century Newspapers, p. 82
1783 Nov. 20 Returned to New York Semi-weekly
1784 Nov. II Loudon's New- York Packet
1785 May 16 The New- York Packet
1785 Nov. 14 Samuel and John
Loudon
1789 May 7 Tri-weekly
CD
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o
EARLY NEWSPAPERS— BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA
\
427
1789 Oct. I
1791 Feb. 3
1792 Jan. 26
TITLE
The New- York Packet
Discontinued
PRINTER, ETC.
Samuel Loudon
FREQUENCY
LE PETIT CENSEUR
1805 July 4 [No. i] Le Petit Censeur; Critique et Litteraire Alexis Daudet
Journal Franyais
Note: NYHS has Nos. 1-17 (July 4 to Aug. 13, 1805). It ran longer.
THE PLEBEIAN
i7S4Aug. 14
Hugh Gaine
Weekly
Tri-weeklv
Weekly
Note: A political weekly, edited under the pseudonym of "Noah Meanwell." Both Hildeburn and Ford were
unable to trace a copy; yet NYSoc.L has No. 5, Wednesday, Sept. II, 1754. The date of No. i is known from
Gaine's announcement of it in the " Mercury," of Aug. 12.
POSTt
1 801 Nov.
16
New- York Evening Post
POST-BOYt
Michael Burnham
1743 Jan.
The New- York Weekly Post-Boy
James Parker
1747 Jan.
19
The New- York Gazette, revived in the
Weekly Post-Boy
I7S3 Jan.
I
The New- York Gazette: or, the Weekly
James Parker &
Post-Boy
William Weyman
1759 Feb.
S
James Parker
1759 Feb.
12
Samuel Parker
1759 Mar.
19
Parker's New- York Gazette: or, the
Weekly Post-Boy
1759 Dec.
10
Printer's name
omitted
1760 July
31
James Parker & Co.
1762 May
6
The New- York Gazette; or, the Weekly
Post-Boy
John Holt
1767 Jan.
I
James Parker
1770 July
9
Printer's name
omitted
1770 Aug.
13
Samuel Inslee&
Anthony Car
1773 Aug.
S. F.Parker &
John Anderson
1773
Suspended
THE PUBLIC ADVERTISER
1807 Jan.
S[No.
I]
J. Frank & Co.
1808 Jan.
5
Frank, White & Co.
1809 June
23
Public Advertiser
1810 Jan.
27
J. Frank, for the
Proprietors
1811 Feb.
S
Philip Tabele
181 1 Aug.
IS
American Patriot, and Public Advertiser
Samuel Brower, for
the Proprietors
1812 Aug.
4
George White (Editor)
Note: NYHS fine file to end of
1812.
Daily
Weekly
Daily
428 THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
DATE TITLE PRINTER, ETC. FREQUENCY
REPUBLICAN WATCH-TOWER
[1800 Mar. 12 (No. i) ?] D. Denniston Weekly
Note: Also published by James Cheetham. WHS has Nov. 5, 1800; NYPL has scattering numbers for
1800-1810; NYHS has 1800, Apr. 2 (No. 7), Apr. 5; Sept. 13, 20, 24; Oct. 29; and 1802, May i to 1810, October.
RIVINGTON'S NEW- YORK GAZETTEER; OR THE CONNECTICUT,
NEW-JERSEY, HUDSON'S-RIVER, AND QUEBEC WEEKLY ADVERTISER
1773 April 22 [No. 1] James Rivington Weekly
1775 Nov. — 1777, Sept. Suspended
1777 Oct. 4 Resumed publication, and on Oct. 18
changed to Rivington's New York Loyal
Gazette
1777 Dec. 13 The Royal Gazette
1778 Apr. Semi-weekly
1783 Nov. 22 Rivington's New- York Gazette, and
Universal Advertiser
1783 Dec. 31 Publication ceased
THE ROYAL AMERICAN GAZETTE
1777 Jan. Alexander and James
Robertson Semi-weekly
1777 Nov. James Robertson
1778 Feb. Alexander Robertson
1778 late to Alexander and James
1780 Summer ' Robertson
1780 about August Alexander Robertson
1782 Robertsons, Mills and
Hicks
Note: Publication ceased in 1783, about the time of the British evacuation. NYHS has a broken file from
Nov. 13, 1777, to Dec. 19, 1782.
THE ROYAL GAZETTE
See Rivington's New- York Gazetteer
THE SHAMROCK; OR, HIBERNIAN CHRONICLE
1810 Dec. 15 [No. l] Edward Gillespy,
Editor Weekly
Printed by Largin and
Thompson
1812 Sept. 19 Printed by Pelsue &
Gould
1 81 2 Dec. 12 Shamrock Press
1813 June 5 Suspended
Note: NYHS has a fine file. Gillespy, in partnership with T. O'Connor, began another weekly, also called
"The Shamrock," on June 18, 1814 (Vol. I, No. i).
in
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EARLY NEWSPAPERS— BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA
429
1797 Oct. 4
1799 July 3
1803 Nov. 5
1804 Jan. 14
1805 Feb. 6
TITLE
SPECTATOR t
PRINTER, ETC.
The Spectator
New- York Spectator
FREQUENCY
George F. Hopkins Semi-weekly
E. Belden & Co.
J. Mills
J. Mills for Z. Lewis
THE TIME PIECE, AND LITERARY COMPANION
1797 Mar. 13 [Vol. I, No. l] Philip Freneau and
Alexander Menut
1797 Sept. IS [Vol. 2, No. i] The Time Piece P. Freneau & M. L.
Davis
1798 Mar. 23 M. L. Davis & Co.
1798 June 15 Robert Saunders,
for the Proprietors
Note: Continued until Aug. 30, 1798.
Tri-weekly
THE WATCH-TOWER
1754 Nov. 25 [No. i] Hugh Gaine Weekly
Note: A political and controversial series, printed in Gaine's "Mercury," from Nov. 25, 1754 (No. i), till
Nov. 17, 1755 (No. 52). Hildeburn says the series was issued also separately; but Ford found none of the preceding
numbers in separate form. He found No. 53, Jan. 16, 1756, issued as a broadside. NYHS has Nos. 1-6.
WEEKLY INSPECTOR
1806 Aug. 30 — -1807 Aug. 22 Weekly
Note: Edited by Thomas Green Fessenden, in opposition to Jefferson. NYHS and WHS have the years
noted above.
THE WEEKLY MUSEUM
See The Impartial Gazetteer, and Saturday Evening's Post.
CHECK-LIST OF SOME EARLY NEW YORK NEWSPAPERS
1725-1811
1725
Gazette (Bradford) *MissingNos.
No issues found. Nov.-Dec.
entire,
*The dates of missing numbers are conjectural.
1726
Gazette (Bradford) Missing Nos.
Mar. 7 HSP Jan.-Feb.
Mar. 28-Oct. 31 NYSoc.L Mar. 14, 21
Nov. 14, 21 " Nov. 7, 28
Dec. 19, 26 " Dec. 5, 12
1727
Gazette (Bradford) Missing Nos.
Jan. 2-Mar. 20 NYSOC.L Mar. 27
Apr. lo-May 15 " Apr. 3
May 29-Dec. 25 " May 32
1728
Gazette (Bradford) Missing Nos.
Jan. I, 22 NYSOC.L Jan. 8,15,29
Feb. 5-Apr. I
Apr. 29-July 22
Aug. 12, 19
Sept. 2
Sept. 17-Oct. 28
Nov. u, 18
Dec. 2-31
Apr. S,i5,22
July 29
Aug. 5, 26
Sept. 9
Nov. 4, 25
1729
Gazette (Bradford) Missing Nos.
Jan. 14-Nov. 17 NYSOC.L Jan. 7
Nov. 24
Dec. entire
1730
Gazette (Bradford) Missing Nos.
May II, 18 NYHS Jan.-Apr.
June 1-22
tJuly 13-27
Aug. 3, 17
Sept. 7, 21, 28
Oct. 12-Nov. 9
Dec. 5-29
tFor July 27, Cf. file for 1733-5.
entire.
May 4, 25
June 29
July 6
Aug. lo, 24,
31
Sept. 14
Oct. 5
Nov. 16, 23,
30
I73I
Gazette (Bradford) Missing Nos.
Jan. 19 NYHS Jan. j, 12,
Mar. 8, 22 " 25 or 26
May 3, 10,31 " Feb. entire.
June 7, 21, 28 " Mar. i or 2,
July 26 " 15, 29
Aug. 9, 23 " Apr. entire.
Sept. 20 NYPL May 17,24
Oct. II NYHS June 14
Nov. 15, 22, 29 " July 5,12,19
Dec. 6, 21 " Aug. 2, 16,
Sept. 6, 13,
Oct. 4,18,25
Nov. I, 8
Dec. 13 or
14,28
1732
Gazette (Bradford) Missing Nos.
Jan. 18 NYHS Jan. 4,11,25
Feb. 15 " Feb. 1,8,22
Apr. 3 " 29
May 8, 15, 22 " Mar. entire.
June 12, 26 " Apr. 10, 17,
July 17, 24,31 " 24
Sept. 4,11,25 " May 1,29
Oct. 2, 16, 23 " June 5, 19
Nov. 20, 27 " July 3, 10
Dec. 18 " Aug. entire.
Sept. 18
Oct. 9, 30
Nov. 6, 13
Dec. 4, II
25
1733
Gazette (Bradford) Missing Nos.
Jan. 23 NYHS Jan. i or 2,
Feb. 6, 13, 20 " 8 or 9, 15
Mar. 20 " or 16, 30
Apr. 16 " Feb. 27
May 21,28 " Mar. 6, 13,
June 25-Aug. 20 NYPL 26 or 27
Sept. 3-24 " Apr. 2 or 3,
Oct. 8 NYHS 9 or 10,
Oct. I5-N0V. 19 NYPL 23, 30
Dec. 3 " May 7, 14
Gazette (Bradford) Missing Nos.
Dec. 10, 17 NYHS June 4, 11,
Dec. 24, 31 NYPL 18
Advertisements. Aug. 27
Dated Feb. 5 nyhs Oct. i
Nov. 26
Journal (Zenger)
Oct. 5-Dec. 31 NYPL
Note: Oct. s is actually Nov. 5.
1734
Gazette (Bradford)
Jan. 7-Sept. 2 NYPL
Sept. 9 BM
Sept. i6-Dec. 30 nypl
Supplements
Mar. 4 NYHS
Dated Mar. 12 [.'] nypl
Journal (Zenger)
Jan. 7-Dec. 30 NYPL
Note: Not published on Nov. l8. The printer ar-
rested on 17th.
K
735
Gazette (Bradford)
Jan. 7, 14, 21
nypl
Jan. 28
NYHS
Feb. 4-May 12
NYPL
May 19
NYHS
May 26-Nov. 10
NYPL
Nov. 17
NYHS
Nov. 24-Dec. 30
NYPL
Supplement
Dated Apr. 8 [?|
NYPL
Journal (Zenger)
Jan. 6-Dec. 29
NYPL
Supplement
Dated Sept. 29
NYPL
1736
Gazette (Bradford)
Jan. 6-Feb. 10
NYPL
Feb. 17
NYHS
Feb. 24
NYPL
Mar. 2
BM
Mar. 6-Apr. 12
NYPL
Apr. 19
NYHS
432
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Gazette (Bradford) Missing Nos.
Apr. 29 BM
May 3-Aug. 16 NVPL
Aug. 23 BM
Aug. 30 NYHS
Sept. 6 WHS
Sept. 13-Oct. 4 NYHS
Oct. II BM
Oct. 18, 2; NYHS
Nov. 1, 8 Hsp
Nov. 15 NYHS
Nov. 22-Dec. 6 HSP
Dec. 13, 21 NYHS
Journal (Zenger)
Jan. 5-Mar. 29 NYPL
Apr. 5 NYPL
Apr. I2-July 12 NYPL
July 19 NYPL
July 26-Aug. 16 NYPL
Aug. 23, 30 NYPL
Aug. [sic for Sept.]
6 NYPL
Sept. 13 NYPL
Sept. 20-Oct. 25 NYPL
Nov. I-Nov. 15 *AAS
Nov. 22-Dec. 27 NYPL
♦Denotes that the file so marked is more com-
plete than any of the New York City files.
1737
Gazette (Bradford) Missing Nos.
Jan. 4 HSP Mar. 15
Jan. II NYHS Sept. 12
Jan. 18 HSP
Jan. 25 BM
Feb. 3 HSP
Feb. 10 NYHS
Feb. 17 HSP
Feb. 22-Mar. 8 NYHS
Mar. 22 HSP
Mar. 28-Apr. II NYHS
Apr. 18 HSP
Apr. 2S-May 30 nyhs
June 6 HSP
June 12, 20 NYHS
June 27 HSP
July 4 NYHS
July II, 18, 25 HSP
Aug. I NYHS
Aug. 8-29 HSP
Sept. 5, 19 NYHS
Sept. 26 HSP
Oct. 3, 10 NYHS
Oct. 17 HSP
Oct. 24 NYHS
Oct. 31 HSP
Nov. 7 NYHS
Nov. 14, 21 HSP
Nov. 28-Dec. 27 NYHS
Appendix
Mar. 28 NYHS
"Another Word in
Season to the Free-
holders and Free-
men" BM
Farewell Fordham to
William Bradford
Sept. 8 BM
Journal (Zenger)
Jan. lo-May 16 NYPL
May 23, 30 *AAS
June 6 NYPL
June 13, 20 AAS
June 27-Aug. I NYPL
Aug. 8 AAS
Journal (Zenger) Missing Nos.
Aug. 15, 22, 29 NYPL
Sept. 5 AAS
Sept. 13, 20, 26 NYPL
Oct. 3-DeC. 26 AAS
Supplement
Mar. 28 AAS
Note: Jan. 10 was the first issue published in
1737-
1738
Gazette (Bradford) Missing Nos.
Jan. 9, 16 *HSP Jan. 2 or 3
Jan. 23 NYHS May 28 or
Jan. 31-Feb. 7 HSP 29
Feb 14 NYHS
Feb. 2i-Mar. 7 hsp
Mar. 14 NYHS
Mar. 24, 27 HSP
Apr. 3, 10 NYHS
Apr. 17-May i; HSP
May 21 NYHS
June s HSP
June I2-July 3 nypl
July 10 HSP
July 17-31 NYPL
Aug. 7 NYHS
Aug. 14 HSP
Aug. 21 NYPL
Aug. 28 HSP
Sept. 4 NYPL
Sept. il-Oct. 23 HSP
Oct. 30 NYPL
Nov. 6-Dec. 25 hsp
Journal (Zenger) Missing Nos.
Jan. 2 *aas Jan. g
Jan. 17 NYPL Feb. 27 was
Jan. 24 AAS not issued
Jan. 30-Feb. 20 NYPL Nov. 20
Mar. 6-Oct. 15 " Dec. 11
Oct. 23 AAS
Oct. 30-NoV. 13 NYPL
Nov. 27 "
Dec. 4, 18, 25 "
1739
Gazette (Bradford) Missing Nos.
Jan. 16, 22 NYPL Jan. 2
Jan. 29-Feb. 13 *HSP July 16. 23
Feb. 20, 27 NYPL Aug. 13
Mar. 6, 13 HSP Dec. 17 or
Mar. 20 NYPL 18, 24 or
Mar. 27-Apr. 2 HSP 25, 31 or
Apr. 9 NYPL Jan. i,
*Apr. 16 NYHS 174c
Apr. 23 NYPL
Apr. 30-June 13 HSP
June i8-Julyg NYPL
July 30-Aug. 6 HSP
Aug. 20-Sept. 10 "
Sept. 17, 24 NYPL
Oct. i-Dec. 10 HSP
*C/. Journal of Votes and Proceedings of General
Assembly of N. Y., 1733-1741.
Journal (Zenger) Missing Nos.
Jan. i-Juneii nypl June 18
June 25-July 9 " July 16, 23,
Aug. 27 NYHS 30
Oct. 22-NoV. 19 NYPL Aug. 6, 13,
Dec. 3-31 " 20
Sept. entire.
Oct 1,8, IS
Nov. 26
Note: Dec. 31 is misprinted "January I, 1739."
1740
Gazette (Bradford) Missing Nos.
Jan. 15,22,29 HSP Jan. I [.?], 7
Feb. 12, 26 " or 8
Mar. 4,11,18 NYPL Feb. 5, 19
Mar. 25,31 HSP Apr. 7, 21,
Apr. 14 " 28
May 19, 26 NYHS Mav5, 12
Supplement June-Dec.
Apr. 14 [MS. copy entire
of transcript] nypl
Journal (Zenger) Missing No.
Jan. 7,14 nypl Jan. 21
Jan. 28-Dec. 29 "
I74I
Gazette (Bradford) Missing Nos.
May 4 NYHS Jan.-Apr.
entire
May II, 18,
June-Dec.
entire
Journal (Zenger)
Jan. j-Dec. 28 nypl
1742
Gazette (Bradford)
No issues found.
Missing Nos.
Entire year.
Journal (Zenger) Missing Nos.
Jan. 4-May3i nypl June 7
June 14-Sept. 13 " Sept. 20
Sept. 27-Oct. 18 " Oct. 25
Nov. i-Dec. 27 "
1743
Gazette (Bradford)
No issues found.
Missing Nos.
Entire year.
Journal (Zenger) Missing Nos.
Jan. 3-Mar. 7 nypl Mar. 14
Mar. 2i-Aug. 15 " Aug. 22
Aug. 29-Nov. 28 " Dec. 5
Dec. II, 19, 26 "
Post Boy (Parker) Missing Nos.
Feb. I HSP Jan entire
July 25 NYHS Feb. 8,15,22
Aug. 8, 15 " Mar.-June
Postscript entire.
Apr. 25 HSP July 4,11,18
Aug. I, 22,
29
Sept.-Dec.
entire.
1744
Gazette (Bradford & DeForeest)
July 2 NYPL Missing Nos.
July 23 HSP Jan.-June
Aug. 20 HYPL entire.
Sept. 24 " July 9,16,30
Oct. I, 15 " Aug. 6, 13,
Oct. 29 HSP 27
Sept. 3, 10,
Oct. 8, 22
Nov. all is-
sues
Note: Probably the publication of the paper
stopped during November.
CHECK-LIST OF EARLY NEWSPAPERS
Journal (Zenger)
Jan. 2-lVIar. 5
Apr. 2, 9
Apr. 30
Sept. 3
Nov. 19
Dec. 17
Missing Nos.
NYPL Mar. 12, 19,
NYHS 26
AAS Apr. 16, 23
NYHS May-Aug.
" entire.
Sept. 10, 17,
24
Oct. entire.
Nov. 5, 12,
26
Dec. 3, 10,
24.31
Post Boy (Parker) Missing No.
Jan. 2-Mar. 5 nyhs Mar. 12
Mar. ig-Aug. 6 "
Aug. 13 NYPL
Aug. 20-Dec. 31 NYHS
Postscripts
Apr. 2 NYHS
Apr. 12 [21], 28 "
Dated July 18
Supplement
Oct. 22 NYPL
1745
Journal (Zenger)
Jan. 28
Feb. 4, 25
Mar. II, 25
Apr. I, 8
June 3, 10
Aug. 5,27
Sept. 2,30
Dec. 16
Post Boy (Parker)
Jan. 7-Feb. 25
Mar. 4
Mar. Ii-June24
July I
July 8-Oct. 21
Oct. 28
Nov. 4
Nov. 1 1
Nov. i8-Dec. 9
Dec. 16
Dec. 23, 30
Supplements
Apr. 8
June 10
July 1, 29
Sept. 23
Advertisements
Sept. 2
Missing Nos.
NYHS Jan. 7,14,21
Feb. II, 18
" Mar. 4, 18
" Apr. 15, 22,
29
" May entire.
" June 17, 24
" July entire.
Aug. 12, 19
Sept. 9, 16,
23
Oct.-Nov.
entire.
Dec. 2, 9, 23
30
NYPL
HSP
NYPL
NYHS
NYPL
NYHS
HSP
NYHS
NYPL
HSP
NYPL
NYPL
NYHS
NYPL
Journal (Zenger)
Jan. 27
Feb. 10, 17
Mar. 3
Apr. 28
May 19
June 9, 16, 23
July 14
July 28
Sept. I
Oct. 13
1746
Missing Nos.
NYHS Jan. 6,13,20
" Feb. 3, 24
" Mar. 10, 17,
24,31
Apr. 7,14,21
" May s, 12,
AAS 26
NYHS June 2, 30
" July 7, 21
AAS Aug. entire.
Journal (Zenger) Missing Nos.
*Oct. 27 NYHS Sept. 8, 15,
Nov. 24 " 22, 29
Dec. 29 " Oct. 6, 20
Nov. 3, 10,
17
Dec. I, 8, IS
22
♦Bound with file for 1745.
Post Boy (Parker)
Jan. 6-Mar. 10 nypl
Mar. 17 NYHS
Mar. 24, 31 NYPL
Apr. 7, 14 NYHS
Apr. 2i-June 2 nypl
June 9 NYHS
June i6 NYPL
June 23 HSP
June 30-Oct. 27 NYPL
Nov. 3 NYHS
Nov. lo-Dec. 29 NYPL
Supplements
Dated Jan, i nypl
Feb. 17 "
Feb. 24 HSP
Mar. 24 NYPL
Apr. 7 HSP
Apr. 14, 21, 28 NYPL
May 19 NYHS
May 26 NYPL
Dated Dec. 4 "
Continuations
Sept. 8, II, 22, 29 NYPL
Additional Sheet
Sept. II [15] NYPL
"To Hon. Geo. Clin-
ton" Mar. 10 LCP
1748
1747
Journal (Zenger)
Missing Nos.
Jan. 5 NYHS Jan.
Feb. 2, 17 " 26
Mar. 23,30 " Feb. 9, 23
Apr. 6,27 " Mar. 2,9,16
May 18,25 " Apr. 13, 20
July 6 " May 4, II
Aug. 24, 31 " June entire.
Sept. 14 AAS July 13, 20,
Sept. 28 NYHS 27
Oct. 12 " Aug. 3, 10,
Oct. 19 AAS 17
Nov. 9 NYHS Sept. 7, 21
Dec. 7 AAS Oct. 5, 26
Dec. 21 NYHS Nov. 2, 16,
23,30
Dec. 14, 28
Note: Aug. 3 was, in 1905, in the private collec-
tion of John David Wolfe, of New York City.
Post Boy (Parker)
Jan. 5-Dec. 28 NYPL
Supplements
May 25 NYPL
June I, 8, 15 "
Aug. 17,31
Oct. 12, 19 "
Nov. 2 "
Nov. 30 NYHS
Continuation
June 22 NYPL
Addition
June 29 NYPL
"His Excellency's
Speech"
Dated Mar. 2; nypl
Journal (Zenger)
Jan. 25
Feb.
7
14
4
9
Mar.
Mar. 1
Apr.
May
'AAS
nyhs
AAS
NYHS
May 23, 30
June 6, 20
June 27
July 4
July 18
July 25
Aug. I
Aug. 8, IS
Aug. 22
Aug. 29-Sept. 12
Sept. 19
Sept. 26
Oct. 17-N0V. 14
Dec. 12
Dec. 26
NYHS
AAS
NYHS
AAS
NYHS
AAS
NYHS
AAS
NYHS
AAS
NYHS
AAS
435
Missing Nos
Jan. 4,11,18
Feb. 22, 29
Mar 21,28
Apr. II, 18,
25
May 2, 16
June 13
July 1 1
Oct. 3, 10
Nov. 21, 28
Dec. 5, 19
Post Boy (Parker) Missing Nos.
Jan. 4-Apr. 4 NYPL May 2,9,23
Apr. II-2S NYHS Dec. 26
May 16
May 30-June6 lc
June 13-Dec. 12 NYPL
Dec. 19 LCP
Supplements
Jan. 18 NYPL
Feb. 8 " ^
Mar. 21
June 27 "
July 25
Sept. s
Oct. 17,31
Dec. 5 "
List of Books from
London. Sept. 12 nyhs
1749
Journal (Zenger)
Vlissing Nos.
Jan. 2,9
NYHS
Feb. 6, 20
Jan. I3[?]
*AAS
Mar. 6, 13
Jan. 23,30
NYHS
27
Feb. 13,27
((
Apr. entire.
Mar. 20
"
May 29
May 1,8
it
Sept. 4, II
May 15, 22
AAS
Oct. 2, 9, 23
June 5
(<
30
June 12, 19
NYHS
Nov.-Dec.
June 26
AAS
entire.
July 3
NYHS
Tulv lO-Aug.
21
AAS
Aug. 28
NYHS
Sept. 18
It
Sept. 25
AAS
Oct. 16
**
Supplement
)ated Jan. 10
AAS
Post Boy (Parker)
Jan. 2-Ma>
22
NYHS
May 29
NYPL
June 5, 12, 1
9
NYHS
June 26
NYPL
July 3-Dec.
25
NYHS
Supplements
. an. 30
NYHS
June 19, 26
"
July 24
II
Nov. 13
et
434
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
1750
Journal (Zenger)
Jan. 2 NYHs
Feb. 19, 27 "
Mar. 5, 12, 19 *AAS
Apr. 2, 9, 15 NYHS
Apr. 31 [sic] AAS
May 9, 28 NYHS
June 4 "
June II AAS
July 2, 9 NYHS
Aug. 6 AAS
Aug. 20 NYHS
Sept. 3
Sept. 17, 24 AAS
Oct. 8-29
Nov. 36
Dec. 3
Post Boy (Parker)
Jan. I-Dec. 31 nypl
Supplement
Sept. 17 NYPL
List of lottery nos.
July 2 NYPL
I75I
Journal (Zenger) Missing Nos.
Jan. 14 NYHS Jan. 7,21,28
Missing Nos.
Jan. 8, 15,
22, 29
Feb. 5, 12
Mar. 26
Apr. 23
May 14, 21
June iS, 25
July 16, 23,
30
Aug. 13,27
Sept. 10
Oct. I
Nov. 5, 12,
Dec. 10, 17
24,31
Feb. 4
Mar. 18
Post Boy (Parker)
Jan 7-Dec. 30 NYPL
Supplements
May 20 LCP
May 27 NYPL
June 3, 10 "
Feb. II, 18,
Mar. 4, II
and any
later nos.,
if issued.
1752
Mercury (Gaine)
Aug. 31
Oct. 2
Nov. 6-Dec. 25
Supplement
Nov. 13
Missing Nos.
LCP Aug. 3 [?],
10 [.?], 17
[?], 24 [.?]
Sept. entire.
LCP Oct. 9, 16,
23.30
Post Boy (Parker)
Jan. 6-Dec. 25 nypl
Supplements
May II, 18 NYPL
May 25 NYHS
June I NYPL
Oct. 2, 30 "
Nov. 6, 27 "
1753
Mercury (Gaine) Missing Nos.
Apr. 30-May 7 LCP Jan.-Mar.
June 4-Dec. 31 NYHS entire.
Apr. 2,9,16,
23
May 14, 21,
28
Post Boy (Parker and Weyman)
Jan. i-Dec. 31 NYPL
Supplements
May 14 LCP
May 21, 28 NYPL
July 2 "
1754
Mercury (Gaine) Missing Nos.
Jan. 7-Dec. 30 NYHS
Supplements
May 13 HSP
June 3 NYHS
July 22 "
Sept. 16 "
Dec. 16, 23 "
List of books
Oct. 14 NYHS
Post Boy (Parker and Weyman)
Jan. 7-Dec. 30 nypi.
Supplements
Mar. 18
NYPL
May 20
"
Sept. 9
LCP
Sept. 16
LC
Sept. 23
NYPL
Dec. 23 .
*'
175s
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. 6-Dec. 29
NYHS
Supplements
Jan. 13
NYHS
Feb. ID, 17
Apr. 14, 28
June 16, 23
July 21, 28
Oct. 6, 27
Nov. 10, 24
Post Boy (Parker and Weyman)
Jan. 6-27 NYPL
Feb 3-24 LCP
Mar. 3-Dec. 29 NYPL
Supplement
Sept. 15 NYPL
Extraordinary
Sept. 19 NYPL
Letter to A Gentle-
man in New York
Dated Oct. 22 nypl
1756
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. 5-Dec. 27 NYPL
Supplements
Feb. 23 NYPL
Apr. 5
May 10 "
Post Boy (Parjier and Weyman)
Jan. S'JtilyS NYPL
July 12 NYSOC.L
July 19-Aug. 16 NYPL
Aug. 23 NYSOC.L
Aug. 30-Dec. 27 NYPL
Extraordinaries
Feb. 2 LCP
Feb. 5 NYPL
1757
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. 3-Dec. 26 NYPL
Supplement
Aug. I NYPL
Note: Paper was not issued Aug. 15.
Post Boy (Parker and Weyman)
Jan. 3, 10 NYPL
Jan. 17 NYSOC.L
Jan. 24-Feb. 28 NYPL
Mar. 7 NYSOC.L
Mar. 14-Dec. 26 NYPL
Note: Paper was not issued Aug. 15. C/. .Aug. 22
1758
Mercury (Gaine) Missing Nos.
Jan. 2-Dec. 23 nyhs
Supplements
May 8, 22 NYHS
July 10 "
Sept. 18
Oct. 23
Nov. 6, 27 "
Post Boy (Parker and Weyman)
Jan. 2 HSP
Jan. 9-Dec, 18 NYPL
Dec. 23 NYSOC.L
Postscripts
Feb. 27 LCP
Sept. II
Dated Dec. 13
Advertisements
Apr. 10 HSP
I7S9
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. I-Dec. 31 nyhs
Supplements
Jan. 15 nyhs
Feb. 5, 12 "
Dated Feb. 16 "
Feb. 19, 26
Dated Mar. 8 hsp
Mar. 12, 19 nyhs
Apr. 9, 16, 23, 30 "
May 7
May 14 HSP
May 21, 28 NYHS
June 4, 25 "
July 2, 9,23
Aug. 6
Sept. 10, 24 "
Oct. I, 8, 22 "
Nov. 5
Dec. 3, 10, 17, 24 "
N.Y. Gazette (Wevman) Missing No.
Mar. 5
Feb. 16
NYPL
Feb. 19
NYHS
Feb. 25
HSP
Mar. 12, 19
NYHS
Mar. 26-Dec. 31
NYPL
Postscripts
Apr. 9
May 14, 28
NYPL
June 18
NYHS
June 25
NYPL
July 23
July 30
Aug. 6, 13
Dated Aug. 30
*Sept. 17, 24
Dated Oct. 1 1
NYHS
NYPL
Nov. 26
Dec. 3
Dec. 17, 24
NYHS
•NYHS has two P. S. for Sept. 24.
Post Boy (Parker and Weyman)
Jan. i-Feb. 12 nyhs
Feb. 19 NYPL
Feb. 26-Apr. 2 NYHS
Apr. 9 LCP
Apr. 16, 23 NYHS
Apr. 30-May 14 LCP
May 2i-July 2 nyhs
July 9 LCP
July 1 7-Dec. 24 NYHS
Dec. 31 HS!
CHECK-LIST OF EARLY NEWSPAPERS
435
N. Y. Gazette (Weyman) Missing Nos.
l/J
JU
Jan. 5-Dec.
28 NYPL
Mercury (Gaine)
Missing No.
Extraordinaries
Jan. 7
NYPL Dec. IS
Jan. 16
HSP
Jan. 14-Sept. I
nyhs
Apr. 29
NYPL
Sept. 8
NYPL
July 30
NYHS
Sept. I5-Dec.8
NYHS
Extra issue
Dec. 22, 29
*'
Oct. 8
NYPL
Extraordinaries
Postscripts
Dated Jan. 26
NYHS
Mar. 23, 30
HSP
Dated Feb. 13
ft
Apr. 6
**
Supplements
May II
NYPL
July 6, 21
HSP
June 22, 29
HSP
Sept. IS
"
July 20
"
Dec. 22
LCP
Nov. 30
NYPL
N.Y. Gazette (Wey
man)
Post Boy (Parker and Company)
Jan. 7-Mar. 17
NYPL
. an. 1-22
NYSOC.L
Mar. 24
HSP
an. 29
NYHS
Mar. 31-May 26
NYPL
•■eb. S
NYSOC.L
June 2
HSP
Feb. 12
LCP
June 9-Dec. 29
NYPL
Feb. 19, 26
NYSOC.L
Extra issues
Mar. s
NYHS
Jan. 26
NYPL
Mar. I2-Dec.
3 1 NYSOC.L
Oct. 30
«
Supplement
Extraordinary
May 7
LCP
Feb. 14
NYPL
Extraordinary
Postscripts extraoi
■-
May 16
LCP
dinary
Jan. 21
NYPL
Dated Jan. 26
**
1762
Postscripts
Jan. 14
NYPL
Mercury (Game;
Feb. 25
<(
Jan. 4-Oct.
25 NYHS
Mar. 10
"
Nov. I
NYPL
July 14
Dated Sept. 17
tt
Nov. 8, IS
NYHS
**
Nov. 22
NYPL
Dec. IS
Nov. 29-Dec.
Supplements
. 27 NYHS
Post Boy (Parker)
Feb. IS
HSP
Jan. 7, 14
NYHS
Mai. 29
LC
Jan. 21, 28
LCP
Apr. 12
HSP
Feb. 4-July 17
NYHS
Apr. 19, 26
LC
July 24,31
NYPL
May 3, 10,
17
Aug. 7
HSP
May 24
HSP
Aug. 14
NYPL
June 7, 14
Aug. 21, 28
LCP
June 28
LC
Sept. 4, 1 1
HSP
July 12,19,
26
Sept. 18
NYPL
Aug. 2
Sept. 25
Oct. 2-30
HSP
NYPL
N.Y. Gazette (Weyman)
Nov. 6, 13
HSP
l^"- ^ ^,
NYHS
Nov. 2c>-Dec. 4
NYPL
Jan. ii-Mar. 22 nypl
Dec. II
HSP
Mar. 29
NYHS
Dec. 18
NYHS
*Apr. 5-Dec
. 20 NYPL
Dec. 24
HSP
Dec. 27
NYSOC.L
Supplements
Extra issue
Sept. 18
LCP
Sept. 10
HSP
Dec. 18
HSP
Extraordinaries
Feb. II
NYPL
I761
Mar. 3
Postscripts
it
Mercury (Gaine)
Missing Nos.
h"- ^^
NYPL
. an. 12
NYHS Jan. 5, 19
Mar. I
.an. 26-Mar. 16
June 8
Apr. 5,19
Mar. 23
HSP
May 31
Mar. 30-Apr. 13
NYHS
June 14
Apr. 20
HSP
•NYPL has two editiona of Oct. II.
Apr. 27-June I
June 15-Oct. 19
NYHS
Post Boy (Parker and Company)
Oct. 26
YALE
Jan. 7-28
NYSOC.L
Nov. 2-Dec. 28
NYHS
Feb. 4-18
NYHS
Extraordinary
Feb. 25-Api
r. I NYSOC.L
Apr. 29
NYHS
Apr. 8
NYHS
Supplements
Apr. 15-Julyi nysoc.l
Mar. 2
HSP
July 8
NYPL
Tune 22
July 15
NYSOC.L
[ulv 20, 27
(1
July 22
HSP
Post Boy (Parker and Company)
July 29 NYPL Missing Nos.
Aug. 5 HSP
Aug. I2-0ct. 21 NYSOC.L
Oct. 28 NYPL
Nov. 4 HSP
Nov. ii-Dec. 30NYSOC.L
Additional Sheets
Feb. II NYHS
Apr. I NYSOC.L
Dated Apr. 3 lcp
Apr. 22
HSP
Dated Apr. 23
lcp
May 27
'*
June 3
"
Supplements
Apr. I
LCP
May 13
*'
July 22,29
HSP
Aug. 12
LCP
Nov. 18
HSP
1763
Mercury (Gaine)
Missing No.
Jan. 3-Mar. 21
NYPL July 4
Mar. 28
HSP
Apr. 4-May 23
NYPL
May 30
LC
June 6
NYPL
June 13, 20
HSP
June 27
NYPL
July ii-Dec. 26
"
N.Y. Gazette (Weyman)
Jan. 3-Dec. 26
NYHS
Postscripts
Mar. 14
NYHS
Apr. 25
NYPL
May 16
NYHS
Nov. 7
«
Supplement
June 20
NYHS
Post Boy (Holt)
Jan. 6-27
NYH8
Feb. 3, 10
NYSOC.L
Feb. 17
NYHS
Feb. 24
NYSOC.L
Mar. 3-17
NYHS
Mar. 24
NYSOC.L
Mar. 31-May 12
NYHS
May 19
NYSOC.L
May 26-Sept. I
NYHS
Sept. 8
NYSOC.L
Sept. 15-Dec. 2^
1 NYHS
Supplements
Mar. 31
NYHS
Apr. 28
'*
May 12, 26
(<
June 2, 16, 23,
3° 1'
July 14
ti
Dated Aug. 26
NYSOC.L
*Sept. IS
HSP
Oct. 20
NYHS
Nov. 3
(1
•Bound in file of Weyman's Gazette for 1763
1764
Mercury (Gaine
)
Jan. 2-Nov. 5
NYHS
Nov. 12
NYPL
Nov. 19-Dec. 31
[ NYHS
Supplements
Nov. 26
NYHS
Dec. 3
**
436
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
N.Y. Gazette (Weyman) Missing No.
Jan. 2-Feb. 6 NyPL Dec. 31
Feb. 13 NYSOC.L
Feb. 2Ci-Mar. 12 nypl
Mar. 19 NYSOC.L
Mar. 26-May 21 NYPL
May 28-Jiine 1 1 nysoc.l
June 18, 25 nypi,
July 2 NYSOC.L
July 9-Sept. 17 NYPL
Sept. 24 NYSOC.L
Oct. i-Dec. 24 NYPL
Advertisers
Mar. 12 NYPL
Apr. 2,16 NYHS
Extra issue
Apr. s NYPL
Postscripts
June 25 NYPL
Oct. 22, 29 "
Post Boy (Holt)
Jan. 5-Apr. 12 NYSOCX
Apr. 19 Hsp
Apr. 26 NYSOC.L
May 3 NYPL
May ic-july 19 nysoc.l
July 26 NYPL
Aug. 2 HSP
AuK- 9-Dec. 27 NYSOC.L
Additional sheet
Sept. 27 HSP
Supplement
July 26 HSP
1765
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. 7-Oct. 28 NYPL
Nov. 4. NYHS
*NoV. II YALE
Nov. i8-Dec.jo NYPL
Supplement
Apr. 15 LC
•NYPL has photo of Nov. II.
N.Y. Gazette (Weyman)
Jan. 7-June 10 NYSOC.L
July 15 "
July 22 NYPL
Sept. 16 NYSOC.L
Nov. 25 NYPL
Dec. 2-30 NYSOC.L
Supplement extraor-
dinary
Dated Sept. 5 nysoc.l
Note: The paper was not issued from June 10 to
July 15, as the issue of July 15 is dated June 10-
Juiy 15. Similarly the numbering of the issues
would indicate that no issue was published from
July 22 to Nov. 25, except the supplement of
Sept. 5 and the issue of Sept. 16.
Post Boy (Holt)
Jan. 3-Dec. 26 NYHS
Advertisers
Apr. 18 NYHS
May 16, 30
June 6, 13, 27 "
Aug. I
Gazette extraordinary
Dec. 27 NYHS
General Advertisers
Missing Nos.
Jan. 3
AAS
Mar. 14
NYSOC.L
Apr. 18
"
May 16, 23
AAS
May 30
NYSOC.L
June 6, 13
AAS
Gazette extraordinary
General Advertisers
June 27 NYSOC.L
July 18, 25
Aug. I AAS
Aug, 15,22 NYHS
Sept. 5, 12, 19, 26 "
Oct. 10, 17, 24, 31 "
Dec. 5 "
Supplements
Apr. 4 NYHS
Dec. 26
Supplements extra-
ordinary
Sept. 5, 19 LCP
1766
Mercuky (Gaine)
Jan. 6-27 NYPL
Feb. 3 NYHS
Feb. lo-July 7 nypl
July 14 NYHS
July 2I-Aug. 18 NYPL
Aug. 25 NYHS
Sept. I NYPL
Sept. 8 LC
Sept. 15-Dec. 29 NYPL
Extra
Feb. 17 NYHS
Extraordinary
Dated Feb. 20 NYHS
Supplement
Sept. 8 LC
Speeches on Repeal
of Stamp Act
Jan. 13 NYHS
Letter of London
Merchants
Apr. 21 NYHS
Repeal of Stamp Act
Dated May 16 nyhs
N.Y. Gazette (Weyman) Missing No.
Jan. 6-Mar. 3 nypl Dec. 22
Mar. 10 NYSOC.L
Mar. 17-Dec. 15 NYPL
Dec. 29 "
Extra
Dated May 21 nypl
Extraordinaries
Dated Feb. 18 nypl
Dated Mar. 18
Second extra
Dated Feb. 21 nypl
Supplem.ent
Sept. 30 nypl
N.Y. Journal (Holt)
*May 29 NYHS
Oct. i6-Dec. 24 NYPL
Supplements
Oct. 16, 23, 30 NYPL
Nov. 6,13,20,27 "
Dec. 4 "
Dated Dec. 13 "
Dated Dec. 20, 27 "
Supplements extra-
ordinary
Oct. 30 NYPL
Nov. 20 "
•Bound in file of Parker's Post Boy.
Missing Nos.
NYHS Oct. 23,30
HSP Nov. entire.
NYPL Dec. 4, II,
18
HSP
Post Boy (Holt)
Jan. 2-Oct. 9
Oct. 16
Dec. 25
Extraordinary
Dated Apr. 26
Post Boy (Holt)
Supplements
Jan. 16
Dated Jan. 17
Jan. 30
Feb. 6, 13, 20
Dated Feb. 21
Feb. 27
Mar. 13,27
Apr. 10, 17
Dated Apr. 18, 2
May 8,15,22
June 12, 19, 26
Missing Nos.
NYHS
NYPL
NYHS
((
HSP
NYHS
3
7.14.
4
July
Aug.
Sept.
Dated Sept.
Dated Sept.
Sept. 18, 25
Oct. 2, 9
Oct. 16
,28
NYSOC.L
NYHS
1767
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. 5-Dec. 28 NYHS
Supplements
Mar. 2, 9 AAS
Mar. 16 Lc
June 22 NYHS
Aug. 17 AAS
Sept. 3 LC
Sept. 28 AAS
Oct. 19 "
Nov. 9, 16, 23 NYHS
Dec. 21 "
Dated Dec. 30 nysoc.l
Supplement extraor-
dinary
Sept. 3 NYHS
N.Y. Gazette (Weyman)
Jan. 5-Sept. 28 NYPL
Oct. 5 NYSOC.L
Oct. I2-N0V. 30 NYPL
Dec. 7 NYSOC.L
Dec. 14 NYPL
Dec. 28 *AAS
Note; Apparently no issue was published Dec. 21
as the issue of Dec. 28 is dated Dec. 14-28.
N.Y. JOURNAI
(Holt)
Jan.
I-
Dec. 3
I
NYHS
Supplements
. an-
I
NYHS
Dated Jan.
17
**
Jan.
22,
29
**
Feb.
5
LCP
Feb.
12,
26
NYHS
Mar.
S.
12,
19
"
Mar.
26
NYPL
Apr.
2,
9.
16,
23
NYHS
Dated Apr.
24
*'
Apr.
30
"
May
7.
14.
21,
28
ti
*June
4.
ii>
18,
25
*'
July
2,
9.
16,
23
30
"
Aug.
6,
13.
20,
27
tt
Sept.
10,
24
((
Oct.
I,
8,
I.?.
22,
29
*'
Nov.
5.
12,
19.
26
"
Dec.
3,
10
"
Dated J
an.
[D
ec]
12
tt
Dec.
24
tt
CHECK-LIST OF EARLY NEWSPAPERS
N. Y. Journal (Holt) Missing Nos.
Supplements extra-
ordinary
Feb. 12, 19 NYHS
Mar. 26
Sept. 3
•NYHS has two supplements for June II.
Post Boy (Parker)
Jan. i-Feb. 5 nypl
Feb. 12 *AAS
Feb. 19-June 18 NYPL
June 25 AAS
July 2, 9 NYPL
July 16 AAS
July 23-Aug. 13 NYPL
Aug. 20, 27 AAS
Sept. 3-N0V. 5 NYPL
Nov. 12, 19 NYSOC.L
Nov. 26-Dec. 31 NYPL
Supplement
Apr. 16 AAS
1768
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. 4-Dec. 26 nyhs
Advertisements
June 13 NYHS
Extraordinary
Dated Feb. II nyhs
Supplements
Jan. II AAS
Dated Jan. 15 nypl
Jan. 25 NYHS
Feb. 8
Feb. 15 LC
Feb. 22 NYPL
Feb. 29 NYHS
Mar. 7,14,21,28 "
Apr. 4, n, 18, 25 "
May 2, 9, 16, 23,
June 6, 13
Dated June 19
June 27
July 4."
July 18 NYPL
July 25 NYHS
Dated July 29
Aug. I
Aug. 15 NYPL
Aug. 22, 29 NYHS
Sept. 5,12,19,26 "
Oct. 3, 10, 17, 24,
3 1
Nov. 7,14,21
Dec. 5, 12, 19, 26
Supplement extra-
ordinary
Dated May 6 NYHS
N.Y. Journal (Holt)
Jan. 7-Dec. 29 nypl
Postscripts
Nov. 3 NYPL
Dated Nov. 18 "
Dec. [22]
Supplements
Jan. 7 NYPL
Dated Jan. 9 nyhs
Dated Jan. 16,23 nypl
Dated Feb. 6
Feb. 18
Dated Feb. 20, 26 "
Mar. 3 "
Dated Mar. 4 "
Mar. 17, 24
Dated Mar. 26 "
N. Y. Journal (Holt) Missing Nos.
Supplements
Mar. 31 HSP
Dated Apr. 2 nyhs
Dated Apr. 9 NYPL
Apr. 21 "
Dated Apr. 22, 30 "
May 5, 12, 19, 26 II
June 2
Dated June 4, 11 "
June 23, 30
July 7 ,
Dated July 9
July 21
Aug. 4,11,18,25 "
Sept. I
Dated Sept. 5
Sept. 15, 22
Dated Sept. 24 "
Dated Oct. 3
Oct. 13,20,27
Nov. •!, 10, 17
Dated Nov. 18 NYHS
Nov. 24 NYPL
Dec. I
Dated Dec. 16, 23 "
Dec. 29
"To the Freeholders."
About Feb. 25 NYPL
"To the Freeholders
and Freeman of
the City and
County of New
York." Feb. [25 ?] nypl
Mar. [3?]
"A Better Creed.
Voters' New Cate-
chism." Mar. [3?] NYPL
Post Boy (Parker)
Ian. 4,11 NYPL
"Jan. 18 NYSOC.L
Jan 25-Feb. 15 NYPL
Feb. 22 NYSOC.L
Feb. 29-Mar. 7 NYPL
Mar. 14-Dec. 26 NYHS
Extraordinaries
Dated Jan. 16 *aas
Dated Jan. 20 NYPL
Dated Feb. 4 aas
Supplements
Apr. 4, I I NYHS
Dated Apr. 14 nypl
Apr. 18 NYHS
Dated Apr. 21 nypl
May 2 nyhs
Dated May 5 nypl
May 16 NYHS
Dated May 19 nypl
May 30 NYHS
Dated June 2 nypl
June 13 NYHS
bated June 16 nypl
June 27 NYHS
Dated lune 30 AAS
Dated July 14 nyhs
July 25
Dated July 28 nypl
Aug. 8 nyhs
Dated Aug. 11,30 nypl
Sept. 19 nyhs
Dated Sept. 20 NYPL
1769
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. 2-Dec. 25 nyhs
Supplements
Jan. 2 nyhs
Mercury (Gaine)
Supplements
Dated Jan. 3 NYHS
Jan. 16, 30
Feb. 6, 13, 20, 27 "
Mar. 6, 13, 20, 27 "
Apr. 3, 10, 17
May 8, 15
Dated May 21 "
May 22, 29 "
June 5, 12, 19 "
Sept. II, 25 "
N.Y. Journal (Holt)
Jan. 5-Dec. 28 nypl
Supplements
Jan. 5, 12, 19 nypl
Feb. 2, 9, 16, 23 II
Mar. 2
Dated Mar. 4
Mar. 16, 23,30
*Apr. 6,13,27
4,11,18,25 "
I, 8, 15,22,
437
Missing Nos.
May
June
29
July
Aug.
31
Sept.
♦Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
6, 13, 20, 27
3, 10, 17, 24,
7,14,21,28 "
5,12,26 I'
2, 16, 23, 30
7,14,21,28
Supplements extra-
ordinary
Apr. 13 NYHS
Dated Apr. 28 nypl
Oct. 12
Dated Nov. 17
•NYPL has three supplements for Apr
has two supplements for Oct. 12.
Post Boy (Parker)
Jan. 2-May i nyhs
May 8 *aas
May 15-Dec. 25 nyhs
Extra
Jan. 4 nyhs
Supplements
June 5 AAS
July 24 nyhs
1770
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. i-Dec. 31 nypl
Supplements
Mar. 26 nypl
Apr. 16, 30
May 14, 28 "
June II, 25
July 23 II
Aug. 6, 27
Sept. 10
Oct. 8, 29
Nov. 5, 26 "^
Dec. 3, 10, 17
Dec. 24 NYHS
N.Y. Journal (Holt)
Jan. 4-Dec. 27 nyhs
Supplements
Jan. 4, II, 18, 25 nyhs
Feb. 8
Dated Feb. 10 LCP
Feb. 15 nyhs
Mar. I, 8, 15,29 "
"Fresh and Impor-
tant News from
London." Feb. nyhs
I3;N\'HS
438
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
N. Y. Journal (Holt)
Supplements
"Remarkable Plan
of an Address."
Feb. NYHS
"Account of late mil-
itary Massacre at
Boston." Mar. lcp
Post Boy (Parker)
Jan. i-Sept. 24 nyhs
Oct. I HSP
Oct. 8-Dec.3i NYHS
Supplements
Feb. 12 NYHS
Mar. 12, Boston.
Cf. Emmet Collec-
tion. NY PL
May 7 NYHS
July 23 "
Nov. 5 "
I77I
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. 7-Dec. 30 NYPL
Supplements
Jan. 7, 14, 21, 28 NYPL
Feb. 11,25 "
Mar. II, 18
Apr. I, 8, 15,22,
29
May 6, 13,20, 27 "
June 3, 10, 17, 24 "
July I, 8,15,29 "
Aug. 19
Sept. 2, 9 "
Sept. 16 LC
Sept. 23, 30 NYPL
Oct. 7, 14, 21, 28 "
Nov. 4, II, 18,25 "
Dec. 2, 9, 23 "
N.y. Journal (Holt)
Jan. 3-May 30 NYPL
*June 6 NYHS
June 13-N0V. 14 NYPL
*NoV. 21 NYHS
Nov. 28-DeC. 19 NYPL
Dec. 26 NYHS
Post Boy (Inslee & Car)
Jan. 7, 14, 21 NYHS
Jan. 29 HSP
Feb. 4-July IS NYHS
July 22 HSP
July 29-Dec. 30 NYHS
Supplement
July 29 NYHS
1
77
2
Mercury
(Gaine
)
Jan.
6-De<
.28
NYPL
Supplements
Jan.
20,
27
NYPL
Feb.
10,
I7>
24
**
Mar.
2,
9.
16,
23.
30
'*
Apr.
6,
13.
20,
27
**
May
4.
II.
1 8,
25
((
June
I
LC
June
8,
IS,
22,
29
NYPL
July
6,
13.
27
"
Aug.
10,
24
**
Dated Sept.
6
tt
Sept.
14
"
Sept.
28
LC
Missing Nos.
Mercury (Gaine)
Missing Nos.
N. Y. Journal (Holt) Missing Nos.
Supplements
Supplements
Oct. 5, 12, 19, 26 NYPL
Aug. s
NYHS
Nov. 2, 9
**
Aug. 12
HSP
Dated Nov. 19
"
Aug. 19
NYHS
Nov. 30
'*
Aug. 26
HSP
Dec. 7,21
"
Sept. 2, 9
Sept. 16
NYHS
N.Y. Journal (Holt)
Sept. 23
HSP
*Jan. 2-Dec. 31
NYHS
Nov. 4
"
Supplement
Nov. II, 18
NYHS
Dec. 24
NYHS
Dec. 2
HSP
•The issue of Dec. 3 r lacks two pages.
The same
Dec. 9
Dec. 16, 23
NYHS
pages are missing from the cop
ies in the NYPL
and the NYSoc.L.
HSP
Supplement extra
Post Boy (Inslee
&Car)
Vlissing Nos.
June 10
NYHS
Jan. 6
MHS
Feb.
17
Jan. 13
HSP
Apr.
20
Post Boy (Inslee
& Car) Missing Nos.
Jan. 20,27
MHS
Aug
31
Jan. 4
LC Jan. II, 18,
Feb. 3
HSP
Sept
■ 14
Feb. I
HSP 25
Feb. 10, 24
MHS
Oct.
5
Feb. 8
LC Feb. 15, 22
Mar. 2-23
HSP
Nov
16
Apr. 12
" Mar. entire.
Mar. 30-Apr. 6
LCP
Dec
21, 28
June 21
" Apr. 5,19,26
Apr. 13, 27
HSP
July 5, 12
" May entire.
May 4
MHS
June 7, 14,
May II
HSP
28
May 18
NYPL
July 19, 26
May 25-June 8
June 15
HSP
Note: Resumed by S. F. Parlier and John Ander-
son, in August, and
continued for a short period
LCP
by them. None of their Issues are known to be
June 22
MHS
extant.
June 29-Aug. 24
Sept. 7, 21, 28
HSP
11
I
774
Oct. 12-Nov. 9
((
Mercury (Gaine
)
Nov. 23-Dec. 14
"
Jan. 3-Dec. 26 NYPL
Supplements
1773
Jan. 3.17.24
NYPL
Mercury (Gaine)
Feb. 7, 14, 28
((
Jan. 4-Dec. 27
NYPL
Mar. 7, 14, 21,
28 "
Extraordinary
Apr. 4
NYHS
June ID
HSP
Apr. II, 18, 25
NYPL
Supplements
May 2, 9, 16,
23 "
. 31- 4
NYPL
May 30
HSP
.an. 18
HSP
June 6
((
"eb. I, 15
NYPL
June 13, 20, 27
NYPL
Mar. I
*'
July 4,11,18,
25 "
Mar. 8
HSP
Aug. I
HSP
Mar. IS, 29
NYPL
Aug. 8
NYPL
Apr. 5
HSP
Aug. 15, 22
HSP
Apr. 12, 26
NYPL
Aug. 29
NYHS
t each is minus
May 3, 10, 17
HSP
Sept. 5, 12
NYPL
May 24,31
NYPL
Sept. 26
NYHS
June 14, 21
((
Oct. 3
NYPL
July 12
LC
Oct. 10, 17,24
NYHS
July 26
HSP
Oct. 31
HSP
Aug. 2, 16
NYPL
Nov. 7
"
Aug. 23
HSP
Nov. 14, 21, 28
NYPL
Aug. 30
NYPL
Dec. 5, 12, 19
*'
Sept. 6
<(
Dec. 26
NYHS
Sept. 13,27
Oct. 11,18
HSP
NYPL
N.Y. Journal (Holt)
Oct. 25
HSP
' Jan. 6-Dec. i
NYHS
Nov. I, 8, 22
NYPL
Dec. 8
NYPL
Dec. 6,13,27
«
Dec. 15-29
Supplements
N.Y. Journal (Holt)
Jan. 6
HSP
Jan. 7-Apr. 29
NYHS
Jan. 13,20,27
NYHS
May 6 NYSOC.L
Feb. 3
HSP
May 13,20, 27
NYHS
Feb. 10, 17, 24
NYHS
June 3
NYPL
Mar. 3
HSP
June lO-Dec. 30
NYHS
Mar. 10
NYHS
Supplements
May 5, 12
tt
May 6
HSP
May 26
HSP
May 13, 20, 27
NYHS
June 9
NYPL
June 17
HSP
June 16,23,30
NYHS
June 24
NYHS
July 7. 14.21.
28 "
July 1, 8
**
Aug. 4,11,18,
25 "
July IS
LC
Sept. I, 8
<(
July 22, 29
HSP
Sept. 15
NYSOC.L
N. Y. Journal (Holt)
Supplements
Sept. 22, 29 NYHS
Oct. 6, 13, 20, 27 "
Nov. 3 "
Nov. 10 NYPL
Nov. 17, 24 NYHS
Dec. I, 8 NYPL
Dec. 15, 22 NYHS
Dec. 29 NYPL
Supplement extraor-
dinary. Aug. 25 NYHS
"The following Act."
May 19 NYHS
"Every Friend."
May 19 NYHS
"Proclamation of the
General Congress."
Sept. [21] NYHS
CHECK-LIST OF EARLY NEWSPAPERS
Missing Nos. N. Y. Journal (Holt) Missing Nos.
439
1775
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. 2-Dec.
25
NYHS
Supplements
Jan. 16
NYPL
Jan. 23,30
Feb. s
Feb. 13
Feb. 27
Mar. 6, 20
Apr. 3, 10
NYHS
NYPL
NYHS
Apr. 17
May 15
May 22, 29
NYPL
NYHS
June 19
July 10, 24
"
N.Y. Journal (Holt)
Jan. s-Dec. 28 nyhs
Extra sheet
Dated Nov. 13 lcp
Supplements
Jan. 5, 12, 19, 26 NYHS
Feb. 2, 9, 16 "
Dated Feb. 24 nypl
Mar. 2 "
Mar. 9 NYHS
Mar. 16, 23, 30 NYPL
*Apr. 6,13
Apr. 20, 27 NYHS
May 25 "
June 8, 15, 22, 29 "
July 6,13
Aug. 3, 10, 24
Supplement extraor-
dinary Apr. [6] HSP
*NYPL has two supplements for .^pr. 6.
1776
Missing Nos.
NYPL *Sept. 16, 23
BM
NYPL
BM
NYPL
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. i-Sept. 9
Sept. 30-Oct. 28
Nov. 4
Nov. 1 1
Nov. 18
Nov. 25-Dec. 30
•These issues may not have been published. The
issue of Sept. 9 is No. 1300. while that of Sept.
30 is 1 301. From Sept. 30-Nov. 4 the Mercury
was issued under Gen. Howe's direction by Am-
brose Serle, a loyalist; meanwhile Gaine pub-
lished a Gazette at Newark, East New Jersey.
Of this NYPL has all issues, Sept. 21-N0V. 2.
N.Y. Journal (Holt)
Jan. 4 *LCP
Jan. II NYHS
Jan. 18,25 LCP
Feb. I NYPL
Feb. 8
LCP
Feb. IS
HSP
Feb. 22, 29
NYPL
Mar. 7
HSP
Mar. 14
NYPL
Mar. 21, 28
LCP
Apr. 4,11,
18
*'
Apr. 25
HSP
May 2, 9,
16
NYHS
May 23, 30
LCP
June 6, 13
"
June 20
HSP
June 27
NYPL
July 4,11
LCP
July 18
NYPL
July 25
LCP
Aug. 1-22
"
Aug. 29
HSP
Note: The paper
was
discontinued Aug. 29,
July 7, 1777-
Packett (Loudon) Missing Nos.
Jan. 4-JuIy4 nysoc.l Aug. i, 8,
July 1 1, i8 LC 22, 29
July 25 MHS Sept.-Dec.
Aug. 15 LC entire.
Note: The paper, probably, wasnot issued regu-
larly during the last half of the year; but ac-
cording to the numberingof the issues there are
at least four missing issues between Aug. 15,
the last issue located for 1776, and Feb. 13. the
first paper found for 1777.
1777
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. 6-Dec. 29 nypl
Note: HSP, in its file after the issue of July 21,
has one page "From the Pennsylvania Even-
ing Post of July 17, 1777."
N.Y. Journal (Holt)
July 7-Oct. 6 NYPL
Oct. 13 NYHS
Note; The paper was discontinued in Oct. because
Kingston was burned by the British. Publica-
tion was resumed at Poughkeepsie, May ii,
1778.
Packet (Loudon)
Missing Nos,
Feb. 13
NYHS
Jan. entire.
July 3
AAS
Feb. 6,20,27
Oct. 23, 30
NYHS
Mar.-June
Nov. 27
**
entire.
Dec. 4
LC
July 10, 17,
Aug. - Sept.
entire.
Oct. 2,9,16
Nov. 6, 13,
20
Dec. II, 18,
25
1778
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. 5-Dec.
28
NYHS
Extraordinary
Dated Apr. 8
NYHS
Extra pages
Feb. 2
HSP
Supplements
.an. 26
HSP
Feb. 9, 16
NYHS
Feb. 23
HSP
Aug. 31?
'*
Dec. 14?:
**
Packet (Loudon)
Missing Nos.
Feb. 19-Mar. 19
LC
Jan. entire.
Apr. 2-23
'*
Feb. s, 12
May 7, 14, 28
(1
Mar. 26
June 4
*'
Apr. 30
June II, 25
NYHS
May 21
July 2
AAS
June 18
July 16,23,30
it
July 9
Aug. 6, 13, 20
**
Aug. 27
Sept. 3-24
**
Oct. 15, 22
Oct. I
HSP
Nov. entire.
Oct. 8
AAS
Dec. 3, 24,
Oct. 29
NVHS
31
Dec. 10
If
Dec. 17
AAS
Supplements
. une 25
NYHS
. uly 25
LC
1779
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. 4-Dec. 27
NYHS
Extra pages
June 28
HSP
Dated Dec. 10
"
Lottery Numbers
Mar. 22
HSP
Supplements
Apr. 26
NYHS
May 10
NYPL
June 7, 14
"
July 19
**
Aug. 2
**
Sept. 6
"
Sept. 20, 27
NYHS
Oct. 25
HSP
Supplement extraoi
•-
ordinary
Dated June 25
NYHS
N.Y. Journal (Holt)
*Jan. 4-Dec. 13 NYPL
Dec. 20 NYHS
Dec. 27 NYPL
N.Y. Journal (Holt)
Mayil-Dec. 28 NYPL
•NYPL has two slii
ghtly
varying editions for May
31 and Aug. 23.
Packet (Loui
don)
Missing Nos.
Jan. 21
NYHS
Jan. 7,14,28
Apr. 29
AAS
Feb. entire.
May 20
NYHS
Mar. 4, II,
June 3,17,24
"
18,25
July I
NYPL
Apr. 1,8, 15,
July 15
HSP
22
July 22, 29
NYHS
Mav 6, 13,
Aug. 12, 19
**
27
Sept. 2
AAS
June 10
Sept. 9
NYHS
Julys
Sept. 16
AAS
Aug. 5,26
Sept. 23-Oct.
14
NYHS
Nov. 4
Oct. 21
AAS
Dec. 9, 23
Oct. 28
NYHS
Nov. II, 18
«
Nov. 25
LC
Dec. 2
NYPL
Dec. 16
AAS
Dec. 30
LC
Postscript
Mar. 18
NYHS
1780
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. 5-Dec.
25
NYPL
Advertisements
Mar. 6
HSP
440
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Mercury (Gaine)
Lottery Numbers
Feb. 28
HSP
June 19
*'
Supplements
May 8
NYHS
June 12
NYPL
*June 26
HSP
July 3
"
Oct. 16
NYPL
Nov. 7, 13
HSP
Dec. 4
NYPL
*HSP has two supplements for June 26,
N.Y. Journal (Holt)
Jan. 3-N0V. 6 NYPL
Missing Nos.
1782
Mercury (Gaine)
Missing No
Jan. 7-May 6
NYPL July 29
May 13
NYHS
May 20, 27
NYPL
June 3
NYHS
June 10
HSP
June 17-July I
NYPL
July 8, IS, 22
NYHS
Aug. s
*'
Aug. 12
NYPL
une 26.
Aug. 19
HSP
Aug. 26
NYPL
Sept. 2-23
HSP
Sept. 30-Dec. 30
NYPL
as discontinued
Supplement
Dated May 30
HSP
Packet (Loudon)
Jan. 27
NYHS
Mar. I, 23, 30
"
Apr. 13, 20
"
*May II
NYPL
May 18, 25
NYHS
June I
AAS
June 8, 29
NYHS
Aug. 24
AAS
Sept. 7
"
Sept. 14, 21, 28
NYHS
Oct. 5, 19, 26
"
Nov. 2, 9, 23
"
Dec. 21,28
"
•C/. Emmet Collection.
I78I
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. I-Dec. 31
NYPL
Supplements
Feb. 12, 19
NYPL
Apr. 30
'*
N.Y. Journal (Holt) Missing No.
July 30-Dec. 10 NYPL Dec. 24
Dec. 17 NYHS
Dec. 31 NYPL
Packet (Loudon)
Jan. 4
Jan. ii-Feb. 8
Feb. 15
Feb. 22
Mar. 1,8
Mar. 15
Mar. 22
Mar. 29
Apr. 5
Apr. 12
Apr. 19
Apr. 26
May 3
May ID, 17
May 24-June 7
June 14
June 21
June 28
July 5,12,
July 26
Aug. 2,9
Aug. 30-Sept. 13
Sept. 27-Oct. II
Oct. 18
Oct. 2S-N0V. I
Nov. 3 [8]
Nov. 15, 22
Dec. 6-27
19
Missing Nos.
AAS Aug. 16, 23
NYHS Sept. 20
AAS Nov. 29
YALE
NYHS
YALE
NYHS
YALE
AAS
NYPL
YALE
NYHS
YALE
NYHS
AAS
YALE
NYHS
YALE
NYHS
AAS
YALE
NYHS
AAS
NYHS
AAS
NYHS
N.Y. Journal (Holt)
Jan. 6 NYPL
Note: With Jan. 6 the paper was discontinued
until Nov. 22, 1783.
Packet (Loudon)
Jan. 3-Feb. 14
Feb. 21
Feb. 28
Mar. 7
Mar. 14-Apr. II
Apr. 18
Apr. 25-May 9
May 16
May 23
May 30
June 6-Nov. 7
Nov. 14
Nov. 2i-Dec. 12
Dec. 19
Dec. 26
Supplement
Apr. 2;
NYHS
NYPL
NYHS
YALE
NYHS
YALE
NYHS
NYPL
NYHS
NYPL
NYHS
NYPL
NYHS
NYPL
NYHS
1783
Mercury (Gaine)
Jan. 6-Nov. 10
Extraordinary
Dated Apr. 6
Supplements
Mar. 24
July 7
Aug. 18
BM
HSP
NYPL
NYHS
(N.Y. Journal) Independent N.Y.
Gazette (Holt)
Nov. 22-Dec. 27 NYPL
Packet (Loudon)
Jan. 2
Jan. 9
Jan. 16
Jan. 23
Jan. 30-Feb. 13
Feb. 20, 27
Mar. 13, 20
Mar. 27-Apr. 3
Apr. 17-May I
May 8
May IS, 22, 29
June s
June 12
June 26-July 24
July 31
Aug. 14, 28
Nov. 13
Nov. 17
Nov. 20
AAS
NYHS
AAS
NYHS
AAS
NYHS
AAS
NYHS
AAS
NYHS
AAS
NYHS
AAS
NYHS
((
HC
NYPL
Missing Nos.
Mar. 6
Apr. 10
June 19
Aug. 7,21
Sept.-Oct.
entire.
Nov. 6, 27
Dec. I, 4, 8,
II, 15, 18,
25,29
Packet (Loudon) Missing Nos.
Nov. 24 NYHS
Dec. 22 MHS
Note: Beginning with Nov. 13 the paper was is-
sued semi-weekly. The numbering would indi-
cate that no issues were published between
Aug. 28 and Nov. 13.
1784
N.Y. Journal (Holt)
Jan. 3-Mar. II NYPL
Mar. i8-Apr. 8
Apr. IS
Apr. 22
Apr. 29
May 6-27
June 3
June ID-July 15
July 22-Aug. 26
Sept. 2, 9, 16
Sept. 23
Sept. 30
Oct. 7, 14, 21
Oct. 28
Nov. 4
Nov. I I
Nov. 18, 25
Dec. 2, 9
Dec. 16
Dec. 23, 30
Supplements
Feb. 26 NYPL
May 27 LI
July I, 15 AAS
July 29 L
Aug. 12
Sept. 23
Oct. 7, 14, 21
Nov. 25
Note: Jan. 3-Feb. 19 the paper was published
semi-weekly.
BM
MHS
AAS
BM
LI
NYHS
AAS
LI
AAS
LI
AAS
LI
AAS
LI
AAS
LI
AAS
NYPL
AAS
Packet (Loudon)
Jan. I, 5,8
Jan. IS, 19
Feb. 2
Feb. 5-Mar. 18
Mar. 25
Apr. 8, 12
Apr. IS
Apr. 29-July 12
July IS
July 19-Sept. 30
Oct. 7-N0V. 15
Nov. 22-Dec. 27
Dec. 30
Postscript
Feb. 2
Supplements
Jan. 8, 19
Feb. s, 9, 12, 16
19
Missing Nos.
NYHS Jan. 12, 22,
26, 29
BM Mar. 22, 29
NYHS Apr. I, 5, 19
AAS 22, 26
NYHS Oct. 4
AAS Nov. 18
NYHS
AAS
NYHS
Feb. 23
Mar. I
15,18
Mar. 25
Apr.
B, II,
NYHS
AAS
8,15
May 10, 13, 17, 20,
27, 3 1 NYHS
June 3, 7, 10, 14,
17,28
July 5,15,19,22,
26, 29 "
Aug. 2, 5, 9, 12,
16, 19, 23 "
Sept. 6, 13, 20 "
Sept. 23 AAS
Sept. 27, 30 NYHS
i
CHECK-LIST OF EARLY NEWSPAPERS
Pack t (Loudon) I*
^Iissing Nos.
Supplements
Oct. 7,14,21,25,
28
NYHS
*Nov. II, 15, 22
Dec. 6, 16, 2
3
•NYHS has two su
pplements for
1785
Nov. 15.
Advertiser (ChiUs) Missing Nos.
Mar. 16
AAS
Mar. I, 2, 3,
Apr. 6
*LC
4. 5, 7. 8,
May 9, 14, I
6,23,
9, 10, II,
30
NYHS
12,14,15,
June 17
i(
17, 18, 19,
July 14
AAS
21, 22, 23,
Sept. I
NYPL
24, 25, 26,
Sept. 2, 3, 5
LC
28, 29 30,
Sept. 6
NYSOC.L
. 31
Sept. 7
NYPL
Apr. I, 2, 4,
Sept. 8-16
LC
5- 7. 8. 9.
Sept. 17
NYPL
II, 12, 13,
Sept. 19-24
LC
14,15,16,
Sept. 26
NYPL
18, 19, 20,
Sept. 27
LC
21, 22, 23,
Sept. 28
NYPL
25, 26, 27,
Sept. 29
LC
28, 29, 30
Sept. 30
NYPL
May 2, 3, 4,
Oct. I
LC
5.6,7, 10,
Oct. 3,4
NYPL
II, 12, 13,
Oct. 5-15
LC
17,18,19,
Oct. 17
NYPL
20, 21, 24,
Oct. 18-26
LC
25, 26, 27,
Oct. 27
NYPL
28,31
Oct. 28-Nov
.28 LC
June I, 2, 3,
Nov. 29
NYHS
4. 6, 7. 8.
Nov. 30-Dec.
3 LC
9, 10, 11,
Dec. 5
NYHS
13.14.15.
Dec. 6-12
LC
16, 18,20,
Dec. 13
NYHS
21,22,23,
Dec. 14-24
LC
24, 25, 27,
Dec. 26, 27
NYHS
28, 29, 30
Dec. 28-31
LC
July 1, 2, 4,
5. 6, 7. 8,
9, II, 12,
13,15,16,
18, 19, 20,
21,22, 23,
25, 26, 27,
28,29,30,
Aug. entire.
N.Y. Journal
(Holt)
Jan. 6, 13
LI
Jan. 20, 27
NYPL
Feb. 3, 10,
17 LI
Feb. 24
NYPL
Mar. 3
AAS
Mar. 10, 17
LI
Mar. 24
AAS
Mar. 31
LI
Apr. 7
AAS
Apr. 14
LI
Apr. 21, 28
AAS
May 5,12
LI
May 19, 26
AAS
June 2-Aug
.18 LI
Aug. 25
AAS
Sept. I, 8, I
5 NYSOC.L
Sept. 22
LI
Sept.29-Dec
.29 NYSOC.L
Supplements
Jan. 6
LI
June 2, 9,
16, 30 "
July 7
**
July 14
NYPL
July 21
HC
July 28
NYPL
N. Y. Journal (Holt) Missing Nos.
Supplements
Aug. 4 HC
Aug. II, 18 NYPL
Aug. 25 HC
Sept. I NYSOC.L
Sept. 15 HC
Sept. 29 NYSOC.L
Oct. 6, 13, 20 "
Packet (Loudon) Missing Nos.
Jan. 3-13 NYHS Jan. 17
Jan. 20 AAS June 27
Jan. 24-Mar. 24 NYHS Aug. 1,4
Mar. 28 MHS
Mar. 3i-Mayl2 nyhs
May 16 NYPL
May 19-June 20 NYHS
June 23 AAS
June30-July7 "
July 11-28 NYPL
Aug, 8
Aug. II-Dec. 29 NYHS
Supplements
Jan. 3, 10, 13, 24,
27,31 NYHS
Feb. 3, 7, 10, 17,
24, 28
Mar. 3, 7, 10, 14 "
Mar. 17 AAS
Mar. 21,31 NYHS
Apr. 4,11,21,25,
28
May 2, 5, 9, 16,
19,30
June 2, 13, 16 "
July 4, 14 AAS
Sept. I "
Nov. 17 "
Dec. 15 "
Advertiser (Child
Jan. 2-14
16
17-Feb
14
15, 16,
1786
s)
20, 28
Jan
Jan.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Mar
Mar. 2-Apr. 28
Apr. 29
May I, 2, 3
May 4
May 5
May 6
May 8
May 9
May 10-19
May 20
May 22-27
May 29-June 13
June 14
June I5-July4
July 5
July 6-12
July 13
July 14-24
July 25
July 26-31
Aug. 1,2
Aug. 3
Aug. 4-8
Aug. 9-16
Aug. 17, 18
Aug. 19-23
Aug. 24-Dec. 30
NYHS
NYPL
NYHS
NYPL
NYHS
NYPL
NYHS
*LC
NYHS
LC
NYHS
LC
NYHS
LC
NYHS
LC
NYHS
LC
NYHS
LC
NYHS
LC
NYHS
LC
NYHS
LC
NYHS
LC
NYHS
LC
NYHS
LC
NYHS
LC
NYHS
Advertiser (Childs)
Supplements
Feb. 16 NYPL
Mar. 18 NYHS
N.Y. Journal (Oswald)
Jan. 5-Dec. 28 NYSOC.L
441
Missing Nos.
Packet (Loudi
,n)
Jan. 2-Dec
Supplements
29
NYHS
Jan. 5
NYPL
Jan. 12
Feb. 16
Sept. 28
AAS
1787
Advertiser (Childs)
Jan. i-July 26 NYHS
July 27 NYPL
July 28-Dcc. 31 NYHS
Supplements
Nov. 3, 7 NYHS
Daily Patriotic Register (Greenleaf)
Nov. 19-Dec. 3 1 NYHS
N.Y. Journal (Oswald)
Jan. 4-Dec. 27 NYPL
Extraordinanes
Oct. 18 NYSOC.L
Nov. I "
Supplement
Nov. 8 NYSOC.L
Packet (Loudon)
Jan. 2-Dec. 28
NYHS
Supplements
May 25, 29
NYHS
June I
**
June 5
AAS
June 8, 12, 15, I
9.
22, 26
NYHS
1788
Advertiser (Childs)
Jan. i-Feb. 29
NYHS
Mar. I
NYPL
Mar. 3
NYHS
Mar. 4
NYPL
Mar. 5-Apr. 5
NYHS
Apr. 6
NYPL
Apr. 7
NYPL
Apr. 8-28
NYHS
Apr. 29
NYPL
Apr. 30-June 2
NYHS
June 3
NYPL
June 4-30
NYHS
July I, 2,3
NYPL
July 4-1 5
NYHS
July 16
NYPL
July 17-Aug. 14
NYHS
Aug. 15-18
NYPL
Aug. 19-Sept. 22
NYHS
Sept. 23
NYPL
Sept. 24-Oct. 3 1
NYHS
Nov. I
NYPL
Nov. 3-Dec.28
NYHS
Supplement
Nov. 10
NYPL
Daily Patriotic Register (GreenleaO
Jan. i-May 12 nyhs
May 13 NYSOC.L
May 14-JuIy 26 NYHS
Note: The paper was discontinued July 26.
N.Y. Journal (GreenleaO
Jan. 3-Dec. 25 NYPL
442
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
N.Y. Journal (Greenleaf) Missing Nos.
Extraordinary
June 26 NYSOC.L
Supplement
Jan. 3 NYSOC.L
Packet (Loudon)
Jan. i-Dec. 30 nyhs
1789
Advertiser (Childs)
Jan. i-July 7 nypl
July 8 NYHS
July 9-Dec. 31 NYPL
Supplement
Nov. 2 AAS
N.Y. Journal (GreenleaQ
Jan. i-Dec. 31 NYSOC.L
Extraordinaries
Apr. 16,23 NYSOC.L
May 7
Sept. 10 "
Packet (Loudon) Missing No.
Jan. 2-May 23 ny^hs May 26
May28-Dec. 31
Supplement
Feb. 20 nyhs
Note: Beginning with the issue of May I, the
paper was published three times a week.
1790
Advertiser (Childs and Swaine)
Jan. I-Dec. 31 NYPL
Supplement
Nov. I NYHS
N.Y. Journal (Greenleaf)
Jan. 7-Dec. 30 NYPL
Extraordinaries
Feb. 1 8 NYPL
Mar. 25 "
Note: With the issue of May 4 the paper became
a semi-weekly.
Packet (Loudon)
Jan. 2-Dec. 30 nyhs
179I
Advertiser (Child
s and
Swaine)
Jan.
I-Apr.
27
NYPL
Apr.
28
nyhs
Apr.
29
NYPL
Apr.
30
nyhs
May
2-Dec.
31
NYPL
Supplements
May
28
NYHS
June
16
NYPL
Sept.
28
(<
Nov.
7
"
N.Y. Journal (Greenleaf)
Jan. 3-Dec. 31 NYHS
Packet (Loudon)
Jan. I-Dec. 29 nyhs
Note: With the issue of Feb. 3, the paper again
became a weekly.
1792
Advertiser (Childs and Swaine)
Jan. 2-27 *LC
Jan. 28 NYPL
Jan 30 LC
Jan. 31 NYPL
Feb. 1-13 LC
Feb. 14 NYPL
Advertiser (Childs and Missing Nos.
Swaine)
Feb. 15-June 30 LC
July 2-Aug. 25 NYHS
Aug. 27 LC
Aug. 28-Oct. 15 NYHS
Oct. 16-22 LC
Oct. 23 NYHS
Oct. 24-27 LC
Oct. 29 NYPL
Oct. 30-Nov. I NYHS
Nov. 2 NYPL
Nov. 3-27 NYHS
Nov. 28 LC
Nov. 29 NYHS
Nov. 30 LC
Dec. 1-5 NYHS
Dec. 6 LC
Dec. 7-17 NYHS
Dec. 18 LC
Dec. 19-31 NYHS
Supplements
Mar. 28 LC
Nov. S NYHS
Dec. 24 LC
Diary (Loudon)
Feb. 15-Dec. 31 NYHS
N.Y. Journal (Greenleaf)
Jan. 4-Dec. 29 NYHS
Extraordinaries
Mar. 3,24,31 NYHS
Dec. 8
Packet (Loudon)
Jan. 5-26 NYHS
Note: Loudon discontinued the Packet to publish
the Diary, the llrst number appearing Feb. 15.
There may have been one or two issues of the
Packet in Feb.; if so. these issues are missing.
Diary (Loudon)
Missing Nos,
Oct. II, 12
WHS
Oct. 14, 15
NYPL
~Oct. 16
LCP
Oct. 17-22
WHS
Oct. 23
NYPL
Oct. 24
WHS
Oct. 25,26,28
NYPL
Oct. 29,30,31
WHS
Nov. I
NYPL
Nov. 2- 6
WHS
Nov. 7,8,9
NYPL
Nov. 11, 12
WHS
Nov. 13, 14
NYPL
Nov. 15
WHS
Nov. 16
NYPL
Nov. 18
WHS
Nov. 19
NYPL
Nov. 20
WHS
Nov. 21
NYPL
Nov. 22
WHS
Nov. 23, 25
NYPL
Nov. 26
WHS
Nov. 27
NYPL
Nov. 28
WHS
Nov. 29
NYPL
Nov. 30-Dec. 5
WHS
Dec. 6
NYPL
Dec. 7-n
WHS
Dec. 12-18
NYPL
Dec. 19
WHS
Dec. 20-25
NYPL
Dec. 26-27
WHS
Dec. 28
NYPL
Dec. 30, 31
WHS
=^Feb. 14 the paper changed to an evening paper
with both morning and evening editions for
that date, both of which NYHS has.
N.Y. Journal (Greenleaf)
Jan. 2-Dec. 28 nyhs
1793
Extraordinaries
Advertiser (Childs and S'
Jan. i-Aug. 2 NYPL
Aug. 3 nyhs
Aug. 5-Oct. 28 NYPL
fvaine)
Feb. 9
Mar. 23
May I
Sept. 7
Nov. 16
NYHS
((
fi
NYSOC.L
NYHS
Oct. 29
NYHS
Oct. 30-Dec. 31
NYPL
I
794
Supplements
Feb. 7
Nov. 4, 30
NYPL
Advertiser (Childs and Swaine]
Jan. i-Apr. 23
1 NYHS
Dec. 2, 3,4,5,
6,
Apr. 24
NYPL
16, 19, 28
Apr. 25-De(
:.3i
[ NYHS
Extraordinaries
Diary (Loudon)
Mi
ssing Nob.
Apr. 28
NYHS
*Jan. I-Aug. 14
NYHS
A
ug.31
May 27
AAS
Aug. 15-27
WHS
Sept. 17, 20
Oct. 6
NYPL
Aug. 28, 29, 30
NYPL
Oct. 7, 10,
13.
17.
Sept. 2
<(
18,27
NYHS
Sept. 3
AAS
Nov. 3, 10
<i
Sept. 4
NYPL
Nov. 14
NYPL
Sept. 5
AAS
Nov. 17
NYHS
Sept. 6, 7,9
WHS
Nov. 29
NYPL
Sept. 10, II
NYPL
Dec. 2, 9,
NYHS
Sept. 12
WHS
Dec. II
NYPL
Sept. 13
NYPL
Dec. 20
NYHS
Sept. 14, 16, 18
WHS
Supplements
Sept. 19, 21, 23
NYPL
. an. 6
NYPL
Sept. 24
WHS
Jan. 20
NYHS
Sept. 25, 26
NYPL
Feb. 4
NYPL
Sept. 27
WHS
Feb. 7
NYHS
Sept. 28
NYPL
Mar. 20, 26
fi
Sept. 30
WHS
Apr. 3, 22,
26
((
Oct. 1,2
NYPL
May 6, 10,
17.
20,
Oct. 3,4
WHS
22, 26, 30,
31
((
Oct. 5, 7
NYPL
June 9, II,
16,
30 "
Oct. 8,9
WHS
July 2, 7,
21
((
Oct. 10
NYPL
Aug. 14, 18,
25
l<
CHECK-LIST OF EARLY NEWSPAPERS
443
Advertiser (Childs and Missing Nos.
Swaine)
Sept. 2, l6 NYHS
Nov. 3
Missing Nos.
Mar. 3,4
Apr. 22
June 19, 21,
24, 25, 26,
27,28,30
July-Aug.
entire.
Sept.1,2, 3,
4. S. 6, 8,
9. 10, II,
12,13,15.
16, 17, 18,
19,22,23,
24, 25, 26,
29.30
Oct. I, 2, 6,
7,8,9,10,
11,13.14.
IS. 17. 18,
20
Diary (Loudon and
Brewer)
Jan. I
NYPL
Jan. 2
WHS
Jan. 3-7
NYPL
Jan. 8
WHS
Jan. 9, 10
NYPL
Jan. II
WHS
Jan. 13-16
NYPL
Jan. 17
WHS
Jan. 18-31
NYPL
Feb. 1,3.4
WHS
Feb. S.8
NYPL
Feb. 10
WHS
Feb. II, 12
NYPL
Feb. 13,14.1s
WHS
Feb. 17
NYPL
Feb. 18
WHS
Feb. 19-22
NYPL
Feb. 24, 25
WHS
Feb. 26
NYPL
Feb. 27, 28
WHS
Mar. I
NYPL
Mar. S-Apr. 17
LCP
Apr. 18, 19,21
NYPL
Apr. 23-26
n
Apr. 28-June2
LCP
.une 3-9
NYPL
, une 10
LCP
une 11
NYPL
une 12
LCP
, une 13
WHS
^ une 14
NYPL
.une 16, 17
LCP
. une 18, 20, 23
NYPL
Sept. 20, 27
AAS
Oct. 3, 4, 16
*'
Oct. 21
WHS
' Oct. 22
AAS
Oct. 23-Nov. 18
WHS
Nov. 19
AAS
Nov. 20-25
WHS
Nov. 26
AAS
Nov. 27-Dec. 31
WHS
Supplements
Apr. 26
LCP
May 28
*'
"Address to Repub-
lican Citizens."
May 28
LCP
N.Y. Journal (Greenleaf) Missing Nos.
Jan. I-Sept 10 NYHS Sept. 13
Sept. 17-Nov. 19 " Nov. 22
Nov. 26-Dec. 6 " Dec. 10
Dec. 13-31 "
Extras
Apr. 30 NYHS
Aug. 9
Dated Aug. 19 aas
Aug. 27
Sept. 10 "
Oct. I
Oct. II, IS NYHS
Dec. 6 AAS
1795
Advertiser (Childs) Missing Nos.
Jan. i-Feb. 13 nypl Aug. 24
Feb. 14 NYHS
Feb. i6-Mar. 13 nypl
Mar. 14 NYHS
Mar. 16-Apr. II nypl
Advertiser (Childs) Missing Nos.
Apr. 13 NYHS
Apr. 14-21 NYPL
Apr. 22 NYHS
Apr. 23-May5 nypl
May 6 nyhs
May 7-June 26 nypl
June 27 NYHS
June 29 NYPL
June 30 LC
July I-Aug. 22 NYPL
Aug. 25-Dec. 31
Extraordinaries
Jan. 22, 24, 26 NYHS
Feb. 5
Feb. 9, 12, 16,18,
21,28
Mar. 30
Apr. 4, 9, 16, 18,
22, 25, 27, 28 "
May 9, 12 "
June I
Extra
Apr. 9 NYHS
Supplements
Nov. 2, 7, 20, 24 NYPL
Dec. 7,24 "
Diary (Loudon)
Feb. II
Feb. 24, 25
Mar. 18, 20
Apr. 4, 8, 21, 22
AAS
HC
LC
HC
NYPL
HC
Apr. 27
Apr. 28, 29
May 2, 4, 6, 13,
26, 30
June I, 3, 4, 8,
9, 12, 15, l6, 19, _
23, 24, 25
July 24, 25, 28 AAS
Aug. 10 LC
Aug. 15, 20, 22 AAS
Oct. I HC
Nov. 3
Missing Nos.
Jan. entire.
Feb. 2, 3, 4,
5. 6. 7. 9.
10. 12. 13,
14. 16. 17.
18, 19, 20,
21, 23, 26,
27,28
Mar. 2,3,4,
S. 6. 7. 9.
10, II, 12,
13. 14. 16,
17, 19,21,
23,24,25,
26, 27, 28,
30.31
Apr. I, 2, 3,
6,7,9,10,
11.13. 14.
15,16,17.
18,20,23,
24,25,30
May I, 5, 7,
8, 9. II,
12,14,15,
16. 18. 19,
20, 21, 22,
23.25,27,
28,29
June 2, 5, 6,
10, II, 13,
17. 18.20,
22, 26, 27,
29, 30
July I, 2, 3,
4, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 11,
13,14,15,
16, 17, 18,
20, 21, 22,
23,27,29,
30,31
Aug. 1, 3,4,
5, 6, 7, 8,
11,12, 13,
14, 17, 18,
19,21, 24,
25, 26,27,
28, 29, 31
Diary (Loudon
)
Missing Nos.
Sept. entire.
Oct. 2, 3, 5,
6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 12,
13, 14, 15,
16,17,19,
20,21,22,
23, 24, 26,
27, 28, 29,
30,31
Nov. 2, 4, 5,
6, 7, 9, 10,
11,12,13,
14, 16, 17,
18, 19, 20,
21,23,24,
25, 26, 27,
28,30
Dec. entire.
N.Y. Journal
(G
Ireenleaf)
Jan. 3-May
13
NYHS
May 16
YALE
May 20-June
24
NYHS
June 27
AAS
July I
NYHS
July 4
AAS
July 8-Aug.
I
NYHS
Aug. 5
AAS
Aug. 8-Dec.
2
NYHS
Dec. 5
YALE
Dec. 9
AAS
Dec. 12-30
NYHS
Extraordinaries
Feb. 18
AAS
Aug. 5
*'
Sept. 23
NYHS
Extras
Apr. 18,22,:
25,
29 NYHS
I
796
Advertiser (Childs) i
Missing Nos.
Jan. 1
NYHS
Jan. 2, 12,
Jan. 4-11
**
21, 30
Jan. 13-20
**
Feb. 6, 8, 9,
Jan. 22
'*
16, 18,19,
Jan. 23
LCP
20, 22, 23,
Jan. 25
NYHS
24,25,26,
Jan. 26
LCP
./7.29
Jan. 27, 28, ;
29
NYHS
Mar. 2, 9,
Feb. 1-5
*'
10,11
Feb. 10-15
«
Apr. 21, 22,
Feb. 17
'*
23,28,29,
Mar. 1,3
LCP
30
Mar. 4-8
NYHS
May2, 3, 17,
Mar. 12-18
'*
23, 26, 31
Mar. 19
LCP
June 10, 18,
Mar. 21
NYHS
20,29
Mar. 22
LCP
Aug. 25, 26
Mar. 23, 24
NYHS
Sept. 15,24,
Mar. 25, 26
LCP
26, 27, 28,
Mar. 28-31
NYHS
29,30
Apr. 1,2
LCP
Oct. I, 3, 4,
Apr. 4
NYHS
5, 7, II.
Apr. 5-11
NYSOC.L
13-14,15.
Apr. 12,13
LCP
17, 18, 19,
Apr. 14
NYHS
20,21,22,
Apr. 15
LCP
24,26,27
Apr. 16-20
NYSOC.L
Nov. 1, 2, 3,
Apr. 25
AAS
8, 9, 10,
Apr. 26, 27
NYSOC.L
16, 17,28,
May 4
LCP
30
May 5-16
NYSOC.L
Dec. I, 3, s,
May 18-21
"
7, 8, 13,
May 24, 25,
27,
28,
15,19,22,
, 3°
"
24,28
June I, 2,
3
"
444
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Advertiser (Childs) Missing Nos.
June 4,6,7 lcp
June 8, 9
NYSOC.L
June II
LCP
June 13-17
NYSOC.L
June 21-28
"
June 30-July s
it
July 6
LCP
July 7.8
NYSOC.L
July 9
LC
July II, 12
NYSOC.L
July 13
LCP
July 14-18
NYSOC.L
July 19
LCP
July 20-Aug. I NYSOC.L
Aug. 2 LCP
Aug. 3-10 NYSOC.L
Aug. II LCP
Aug. 12-24 NYSOC.L
Aug. 27-Sept. 14 "
Sept. 16-23 "
Oct. 6, 8, 10, 12,
25,28,29,31
Nov. 4, 5, 7
Nov. 11-15 "
Nov. 18-26
"
Nov. 29
"
Dec. 2
NYHS
Dec. 6, 9, 10
, 12,
14, 16, 17,
20,
21, 23, 26,
27.
^ 29.30,31
NYSOC.L
Supplements
Jan. 7, 14, 20
27 NYHS
Veh. 12, 29
**
Mar. 24
*'
Apr. 2, 5
"
Apr. 9
NYSOC.L
May 20, 24
LCP
May 30
NYSOC.L
June 14-20
July 2
Aug. 27
Sept. 17
Oct. 8, 28
Nov. 7, 19
AAS
Nov. 25
NYSOC.L
Diary (Van Allen)
Vlissing Nos.
Jan. 28, 29, 30
HC
Jan. I, 2, 4,
Feb. I
'*
5. 6, 7, 8,
Apr. 6-11
*LC
9. 11. 12,
Apr. 12
NYSOC.L
13. 14. 15.
Apr. 13
LC
16, 18, 19,
Apr. 14
NYSOC.L
20,21,22,
Apr. 15
LC
23,25,26,
Apr. 16
NYSOC.L
27
Apr. 18
LC
Feb. 2, 3, 4,
Apr. 19
NYSOC.L
5, 6, 8, 9,
Apr. 20-23
LC
10, n, 12,
Apr. 25, 26
NYSOC.L
13. IS. 16,
Apr. 27,28
LC
17, 18, 19,
May 2
NYSOC.L
20, 22, 23,
May 3, 4
LC
24, 25, 26,
May 5, 6,7
NYSOC.L
27, 29 _
May 9, 10, II
LC
Mar. entire.
May 12-16
NYSOC.L
Apr. I, 2, 4,
May 17, 18, 19
LC
5. 29, 30
May 20-June 2
NYSOC.L
Sept. 10, 29
June 3, 4
LC
Oct. 15, 26,
June 6-13
NYSOC.L
27
June 14
LC
Nov. 3
June 15, 16
NYSOC.L
Dec. 5
June 17-25
LC
June 27-July 2
NYSOC.L
July 4
LC
July 5-14
NYSOC.L
July 15
LC
Diary (Van All
2n) Missing
Nos
July 16-26
NYSOC.L
July 27-30
LC
Aug. I- 8
NYSOC.L
Aug. 9
LC
Aug. 10, II
NYSOC.L
Aug. 12
LC
Aug. 13-17
NYSOC.L
Aug. 18
LC
Aug. 19
NYSOC.L
Aug. 20
LC
Aug. 22
NYSOC.L
Aug. 23
LC
Aug. 24
NYSOC.L
Aug. 25
LC
Aug. 26
NYSOC.L
Aug. 27
LC
Aug. 29, 30,
31
NYSOC.L
Sept. I
LC
Sept. 2, 3
NYSOC.L
Sept. 5
LC
Sept. 6
NYSOC.L
Sept. 7
LC
Sept. 8
NYSOC.L
Sept. 9
LC
Sept. 12-15
NYSOC.L
Sept. 16
LC
Sept. 17-23
NYSOC.L
Sept. 24-28
LC
Sept. 30
(<
'
Oct. I
NYSOC.L
Oct. 3, 4
LC
Oct. 5, 6
NYSOC.L
Oct. 7
LC
Oct. 8, 10
NYSOC.L
Oct. 11-14
LC
Oct. 17, 18,
19
Oct. 20
NYSOC.L
Oct. 21-25
LC
Oct. 28,29,
31
NYSOC.L
Nov. 1, 2
LC
Nov. 4, 5
NYSOC.L
Nov. 7
LC
Nov. 8
NYSOC.L
Nov. 9, 10
LC
Nov. II, 12
NYSOC.L
Nov. 14
LC
Nov. 15, 16,
17
NYSOC.L
Nov. 18, 19
LC
Nov. 21
NYSOC.L
Nov. 22
LC
Nov. 23, 24,
25
NYSOC.L
Nov. 26
HC
Nov. 28
NYSOC.L
Nov. 29-Dec
■ 3
LC
Dec. 6, 7
NYSOC.L
Dec. 8
LC
Dec. 9-19
NYSOC.L
Dec. 20
LC
Dec. 21-30
NYSOC.L
Dec. 31
LC -
Extraordinary
Nov. 22
LC
N.Y. Journal
(Greenleaf)
Jan. 2-Dec
3
3 NYPL
Extras
Jan. 19
NYPL
Feb. 23
NYHS
Mar. II, 18,
25
NYPL
June 4
**
1
797
Advertiser (Robins)
Jan. 2,3,4
NYSOC.L
Jan. 5
NYHS
Jan. 6
WHS
Jan. 7
NYSOC.L
Advertiser (Robins) Missing Nos.
Jan. 9 WHS
Jan. 10,11,12 NYSOC.L
N. Y. Journal (Holt)
Jan. 13
WHS
Jan. 14, 16
NYSOC.L
Jan. 17,18,
9 NYHS
Jan. 20
NYSOC.L
Jan. 21, 23, 24 NYHS
Jan. 25
WHS
Jan. 26-31
NYHS
Feb. I
NYSOC.L
Feb. 2, 3
NYHS
Feb. 4
NYSOC.L
Feb. 6-Mar
9 NYHS
Mar. 10
NYSOC.L
Mar. 11-28
NYHS
Mar. 29, 30
NYSOC.L
Mar. 31
WHS
*Apr. i-Aug
25 NYHS
Aug. 26-30
NYSOC.L
Aug. 31-Oct.
19 NYHS
Oct. 20
NYSOC.L
Oct. 2 1 -Nov
4 NYHS
Nov. 6
NYSOC.L
Nov. 7-Dec.
30 NYHS
Extraordinaries
Mar. 7
NYHS
May 13
tt
Supplements
an. 19
NYHS
Mar. 20
"
Apr. I
"
Apr. 3
NYSOC.L
May 26
NYHS
June 23
NYSOC.L
June 28
NYHS
July 3
"
July 10
NYSOC.L
Aug. 5
NYHS
•Issue of July I is
bound with Sept. issues.
Diary (Van Allen) Missing Nos.
Jan. 2,3
NYSOC.L
Jan. 14
Jan. 4, 5
LC
Feb. II
Jan. 6-10
NYSOC.L
Mar. 3
Jan. 11
LC
May 3
Jan. 12, 13, I
6,17
June 6, 17, 26
NYSOC.L
Aug. 15, 19
Jan. 18, 19
LC
Jan. 20
NYSOC.L
Jan. 21-27
LC
Jan. 28, 30, 3
I NYSOC.L
Feb, I, 2
LC
Feb. 3-10
NYSOC.L
Feb. 13
(1
Feb. 14
LC
Feb. 15-22
NYSOC.L
Feb. 23
LC
Feb. 24-Mar.
2 NYSOC.L
Mar. 4
**
Mar. 6
LC
Mar. 7, 8
NYSOC.L
Mar. 9, 10
LC
Mar. 11-16
NYSOC.L
Mar. 17
LC
Mar. 18-22
NYSOC.L
Mar. 23, 24, 2
5 LC
Mar. 27
NYSOC.L
Mar. 28, 29
LC
Mar. 30
NYSOC.L
Mar. 31-Apr.
I LC
Apr. 3-8
NYSOC.L
Apr. 10
LC
Apr. 11-22
NYSOC.L
Apr. 24
LC
Apr. 25
NYSOC.L
Apr. 26, 27
LC
CHECK-LIST OF EARLY NEWSPAPERS
445
Diary (Van Allen) Missing Nos.
Diary (Crookes)
Missing Nos.
Spectator (Hopkins) Missing Nos
Apr. 28
NYSOC.L.
Jan. I
NJHS
Feb. 10, 16
Supplement
Apr. 29
LC
Jan. 2-8
LC
Mar. 7, 10,
May 16
NYPL
May 1,2
NYSOC.L
Jan. 9
NJHS
12, 22
May 4,5,6
LC
Jan. lo-Feb. 9
LC
Apr. 7,19,24
May 8
NYSOC.L
Feb. 12-15
"
May 9, II,
1799
May 9
LC
Feb. 17-22
<i
12,14,15,
May 10, II, 12
NYSOC.L
Feb. 23
NJHS
16, 17, 19,
Advertiser (Snowden) Missing No,
May 13
LC
Feb. 24-Mar. 6
LC
21,22, 23,
Jan. I
LC Apr. 25
May 15, 20
NYSOC.L
Mar. 8,9
"
24,25,26,
Jan. 2-Apr. i
NYHS
May 22
LC
Mar. 13-21
*'
28,30, 31
Apr. 2
LC
May 23-30
NYSOC.L
Mar. 23-27
"
June I, 2,4,
Apr. 3-24
NYHS
May 31-June I
LC
Mar. 28
NJHS
5,6,7,8,9,
Apr. 26, 27
LC
June 2,3
NYSOC.L
Mar. 29-Apr. 6
LC
II, 12, 13,
Apr. 29-May I
5 NYHS
June 5
LC
Apr. 9-14
**
14, 15, 16,
May i6-June 10 lc
June 7-10
NYSOC.L
Apr. 16
aas
18, 19, 20,
June II
NYHS
June 12
LC
Apr. 17, 18
LC
21,22, 26,
June 12-22
LC
June 13
NYSOC.L
Apr. 20,21, 23
'*
27, 28, 29,
June 24-27
NYHS
June 14, 15, 16,
19 LC
Apr. 25, 26
"
30
June 28
LC
June 20-24
NYSOC.L
Apr. 27
NJHS
July 2, 3, 4,
June 29-July I
NYHS
June 27-July 18
NYSOC.L
Apr. 28, 30
LC
5. 7. 9,
July 2
LC
July 19,20
LC
May I, 2, 3
NJHS
10, II, 12,
July 3-6
NYHS
July 2I-Aug. 2
NYSOC.L
May 4, 5, 7
LC
13, 14,16,
July 8
LC
Aug. 3
LC
May 8, 10
WHS
17, 18, 19,
July 9-13
NYHS
Aug. 4
NYSOC.L
May 18
HC
20,21,23,
July 15-24
LC
Aug. 5.7
LC
May 29
AAS
24, 25, 26,
July 25
NYSOC.L
Aug. 8-14
NYSOC.L
June 23, 25
**
27,28, 30,
July 26
LC
Aug. 16, 17, 18,
21 "
July 6
HC
31
July 27-Sept. ]
[0 NYHS
Aug. 22-Sept. 2
LC
Sept. I
'*
Aug. entire.
Sept. 11-14
LC
Sept. 4
NJHS
Sept. II, 13
AAS
Sept. 3,4, 5,
Sept. 16-23
NYSOC.L
Sept. j-Oct. 10
LC
Nov. 13, 15, 16, 20,
6, 7, 8, 10,
Sept. 24-27
NYHS
Oct. II
NJHS
21,26,27,28,-
3° "
12, 14, 15,
Sept. 28
NYSOC.L
Oct. 12-N0V, 9
LC
Dec. 3
HC
17, 18, 19,
Sept. 30-Oct. I
NYHS
Nov. 10
NJHS
Dec. 4, II, 12, 1
4.
20, 21, 22,
Oct. 2
NYSOC.L
Nov. 11-22
LC
18,21,27
AAS
24, 25, 26,
Oct. 3-7
NYHS
Nov. 23
NJHS
27. 28, 29
Oct. 8
NYSOC.L
Nov. 24-DeC. 2
LC
Oct. entire.
Oct. 9-Dec. 2
7 NYHS
Dec. 4
NJHS
Nov. I, 2, 3,
Dec. 28
NYSOC L
. Dec. 5-16
LC
5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 12,
Dec. 30, 31
NYHS
Dec. 18
NJHS
Extraordinary
Dec. 19-23
LC
14, 17, 19,
Feb. I
LC
Dec. 25
NJHS
22,23,24,
29
Extras
Dec. 26-30
LC
Feb. 4,6
LC
Supplement
Dec. I, 5, 6,
Supplements
June 21
NYSOC.L
7. 8, 10,
Jan. 7, 9, 14,
.16,
N.Y. Journal (Greenleaf)
13.15.17.
19, 20, 22,
24, 25, 26,
18,21,23,25,
Jan. 28
, 26 LC
NYHS
Jan. 4-Dec. 30
Extras
NYPL
fan. 29, 31
LC
28,29,31
Feb. 8, 9
NYHS
May 31
NYPL
Feb. II, 12, 13
LC
June 7, 14
N.Y. Journal (G:
reenleaf)
Feb. 14
NYHS
Extraordinary
Feb. 18
Jan. 3-Apr. 7
NYHS
Feb. 15
LC
NYPL
Apr. II
YALE
Feb. 16, 18, 19,
21,
Supplement
Apr. 14-May 12
NYHS
23.25.27
NYHS
Aug. 5
NYPL
May 16
LCP
Mar. I
"
Spectator (Hopk
Oct. 4-Dec. 30
:ins)
NYPL
May 1 9- July 7
July II
July 14-Sept. 8
NYHS
YALE
NYHS
Mar. 4,5,6
Mar. 7
Mar. 9
LC
NYHS
LC
I
798
. Sept. 12, 16
YALE
Mar. 12, 13, 18,
21,
Nov. 7
NYHS
23
NYHS
Advertiser (Rob
ins)
Nov. 10
YALE
Apr. I, 3, 4,
5>
*Jan. i-May 14
NYHS
Nov. 14-28
NYHS
6,8,9
LC
May 15-22
LC
Dec. 1
YALE
Apr. II, 13
NYHS
May 23-July 17
NYHS
Dec. 5
NYHS
Apr. 15
LC
July 18
LC
Dec. 8, 12
YALE
Apr. 18
NYHS
July 19-Aug. 22
NYHS
Dec. 15, 19,22
NYHS
Apr. 22, 24, 26
LC
Aug. 23
LC
Dec. 26
YALE
May 6, 13, 15
NYHS
Aug. 24-28
NYHS
Dec. 29
NYHS
May 18, 20, 24,
25 LC
Aug. 29
LC
Extras
June 3, 10
"
Aug. 30
NYHS
Mar. 31
NYHS
June 24
NYHS
Aug. 31
Sept. 1-8
Sept. 10
LC
Dated Apr. 12
July I, 2, 3,
8,
NYHS
Note: From Sept. l6-N
lov. 7, the
paper was not
22,30
LC
LC
issued. Cf. editorial, Nov. 7.
Aug. 9, 19
*'
Sept. ii-Dec. 31
NYHS
Nov. 4
NYHS
Supplements
Spectator (Hopkins)
Nov. 5
NYSOC.L
June 20
NYHS
Jan. 3-Dec. 29
NYPL
Nov. 6
LC
Oct. 30
LC
Extra
Nov. 7, 8, 9
NYSOC.L
Dec. 21, 26, 29
((
Apr. 14
NYPL
Nov. 1 1
NYHS
446
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Advertiser (Snowden) Missing Nos.
Supplements
Nov. 12 LC
Nov. 13, 14, 15, 16,
18 NYHS
Nov. 19, 20 NYSOC.L
Nov. 21, 22 NYHS
Nov. 23 LC
Nov. 25, 26 NYHS
Nov. 28, 29 NYSOC.L
Dec. 2 "
Dec. 3, 5 LC
Dec. 6 NYSOC.L
Dec. 7, lO NYHS
Dec. II NYSOC.L
Dec. 12, 14 NYHS
*Dec. 18 NYSOC.L
Dec. 19, 20 LC
*DeC. 21,24, 27 NYHS
Dec. 28 NYSOC.L
*Dec. 30 NYHS
*NYSoc.L. has two supplements to Dec, 18;
NYHS, two to Dec. 24 and to Dec. 30.
Mercantile Advertiser
(Crookes) (Diary)
Jan. 15,22,24,29,
31 AAS
Feb. 5, 7, 9
Feb. II HC
Feb. 12,21 AAS
Feb. 26, 28 HC
Mar. 5 AAS
Mar. 6, 8, 9 HC
Mar. 19 AAS
Apr. 3, 4, 8, 9,
17
May 7,18,21,23,
27, 30 LC
May 31 AAS
June I LC
Aug. 2 AAS
Oct. 2, 25, 28 LC
Nov. 6 AAS
Dec. 21, 23, 24, 30 LC
Supplements
Jan. 3,31 AAS
Feb. 9, 12 "
Feb. 28 HC
Mar. 4 AAS
Mar. 8 HC
Apr. 9
Apr. 18 AAS
May 18,21,23,27,
30 LC
June I
Aug. 2 AAS
Nov. 7
Missing Nos.
Jan. I, 2, 3,
4. S. 7, 8,
9, 10,11,
12, 14, 16,
17, 18, 19,
21.23,25,
26, 28,30
Feb. I, 2, 4,
6, 8, 13,
14, 15,16,
18, 19,20,
22,23,25,
27
Mar. I, 2,4,
7, II, 12,
13. 14. IS.
16, 18,20,
21, 22, 23,
25, 26, 27,
28, 29, 30
Apr. I, 2, 5.
6, 10, II,
12,13,15,
16, 18, 19,
20,22, 23,
24, 25, 26,
27,29,30
May I, 2, 3,
4, 6, 8, 9,
10,11,13,
14, IS, 16,
17, 20, 22,
24, 25, 28,
June 3, 4, s,
6. 7. 8.
10, II, 12,
13.14. IS.
17. 18, 19,
20, 21, 22,
24, 25, 26,
27. 28, 29
July entire.
Aug. I, 3, 5,
6, 7. 8, 9,
10, 12, 13,
14. 15, 16,
17. 19, 20,
21,22,23,
24, 26, 27,
28, 29, 30,
sept, entire.
Mercantile Advertiser Missin
ig Nos.
Advertiser (Snowden) Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary)
Oct.
I. 3
. 4.
Supplements
5. ■
7.8.
. 9.
Feb. 20, 22, 25, 27
LC
10,
II.
12,
Mar. 3, 6
*'
14.
IS.
16,
Mar. 7
NYHS
17.
18.
19.
Mar. 10, 12, 15, 19,
21,
22,
23.
21, 24, 27, 29
LC
24.
26,
29.
Mar. 31
NYHS
30.
31
Apr. I
"
Nov.
I. 2
,4,
Apr. 4, 8, 15, 16,
S.
II.
7.8
12,
. 9.
13.
22, 24, 25, 30
May 3
LC
14.
15.
16,
May 5
NYHS
18,
19.'
'20,
May 7
LC
.
21,
22,
23.
May 8
NYHS
25.
.26,
27.
May 9, 12, 14, 19,
28,
-29.
30
21,23
LC
Dec.
2, 3
. 4.
May 28, 29
NYHS
S.
6,7
. 9.
May 30
LC
10,
II,
12,
June 2, 4, 6, 9,
13.
14.
16,
II, 13, 26, 28
LC
i7i
.18,
19.
June 30
NYHS
20,
i25,
26,
July 3, 17
"
27,
,28,
31
July 21 NYSOC.L
July 28
LC
N.Y. Journal (Greenleaf)
1
Aug. 15
'*
Jan. 2-30 NYHS
Aug. 18
NYHS
Feb. 2, 6 YALE
Aug. 25, 28
LC
Feb. 9 AAS
Sept. I
*'
Feb. 13, 16, 20 NYHS
Sept. 4
NYHS
Feb. 23 YALE
•
Sept. 5, 19
LC
Feb. 27-Apr. 6 NYHS
Oct. II
"
Apr. 10 YALE
Nov. 10, 14, 20
NYHS
Apr. 13, 17, 20 NYHS
Dec. 26
HC
Apr. 24 YALE
Dec. 28
LC
Apr. 27-Sept. 28 NYHS
•LC has two supplement:
; to Jan
. 2.
Oct. 2 HC
Oct. 5, 9 YALE
Mercantile Advertiser .
Missing Nos.
Oct. 12 NYHS
(Crookes) (Diary)
Jan.-Feb.
Oct. 16 YALE
Mar. 12, 13, 14
AAS
entire.
Oct. 19 NYHS
Apr. 9
WHS
Mar. I, 3,
Oct. 23 YALE
Apr. II, 21
AAS
4. 5. 6, 7,
Oct. 26-NoV. 6 NYHS
May 7,21
"
8, 10, II,
Nov. 9 YALE
June 5, II
*'
15.17,18,
Nov. 13-Dec. 28 NYHS
Aug. 28
Sept. II
LC
19, 20, 21,
22,24,25,
Spectator (Hopkins)
Oct. I
*'
26, 27, 28,
Jan. 2-Dec. 28 nypl
Nov. 4, 7, II, 12,
29,31
Supplements
13, 14, 18, 19,
Apr. I, 2, 3,
Feb. 2 NYPL
22, 25, 26, 27,
4. 5. 7. 8,
Mar. 9, 16, 23, 30 "
T.^9
"
10,12, 14,
Apr. 6 LC
Dec. 5, 6, 8, 10,
15, 16,17,
1800
IS. 16. 17. 19.
22, 23, 24, 30,
18, 19, 22,
23,24,25,
Advertiser (Snowden)
31
**
26, 28, 29,
Jan. I NYHS
Supplements
30
Jan. 2 LC
Mar. 12
AAS
May I, 2, 3,
Jan. 3-7 NYHS
Mar. 22
HC
5', 6, 8, 9,
Jan. 8 NYSOC.L
May 7
AAS
10,12,13,
Jan. 9-June28 nyhs
May 13
LC
14, 15, 16,
June 30-July I NYSOC.L
May 30
AAS
17,19,20,
July 2-Dec. 30 NYHS
June 6, II
'*
22,23,24,
Dec. 31 NYSOC.L
Aug. 22
HC
26, 27, 28,
Supplements
Nov. 7, II, 12, 14,
29,30,31
*Jan. 2,3 NYHS
18, 25, 26, 27,
June 2, 3.4,
Jan. 4, 6, 9, 10,
29
LC
6, 7, 9, 10,
II LC
Dec. 10
*'
12,13,14,
Jan. 13 NYSOC.L
16, 17, 18,
Jan. 16, 20 LC
19, 20, 21,
Jan. 22 NYHS
23.24,25.
Jan. 24 LC
26, 27, 28,
Jan. 27 NYHS
T 3°
Jan. 29, 30 LC
July entire.
Feb. I
Aug. I, 2, 4,
Feb. 3, 5 NYHS
S. 6. 7. 8,
Feb. 6, 7, 8, 12,
9. II. 12.
15 LC
13.14.15.
Feb. 1 8 NYHS
16, 18, 19,
CHECK-LISr OF EARLY NEWSPAPERS
Mercantile Advertiser Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary) Aug. 20,21,
22,23,25,
26, 27, 29,
Sept. I, 2, 3,
4. S. 6, 8,
9, 10, 12,
13. 15.16,
17, 18, 19.
20, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26,
27,29,30
Oct. 2, 3, 4,
6, 7. 8, 9,
10,11,13,
14, IS, 16,
17, 18, zo,
21,22,23,
24, 25, 27,
28, 29, 30
31
Nov. 1, 3, 5,
6, 8, 10,
15, 17,20,
21,24,28
Dec. I, 2, 3,
4. 9. II.
12, 13, 18,
20, 25, 26,
27.29
N.Y. Journal Missing No.
(Greenleaf) Jan. I
Jan. 4, 8 NYHS
Jan. II YALE
Jan. 15-Mar. 8 NYHS
Spectator (Belden)
Jan. i-Dec. 31 nypl
180I
Advertiser (Wilson) Missing Nos.
Jan. 1-19 NYSoc.L Jan. 20
Jan. 21 NYHS July 14, 29
Jan. 22-28 NYSOC.L Dec. 25
Jan. 29, 30 NYHS
Jan. 3i-Feb.i9NYSoc.L
Feb. 20 NYHS
Feb. 2i-Mar. 18NYSOC.L
Mar. 19 NYHS
Mar. 20-Apr. i7Nysoc.L
Apr. 18 NYHS
Apr. 20-25 NYSOC.L
Apr. 27 NYHS
Apr. 28-May 6 NYSOC.L
May 7
NYHS
May 8
NYSOC.L
May 9
NYHS
May 11-26
NYSOC.L
May 27
NYHS
May 28, 29
NYSOC.L
May 30
NYHS
June 1-19
NYSOC.L
June 20-22
NYHS
June 23
NYSOC.L
June 24
NYHS
June 25-July
I NYSOC.L
July 2
LC
July 3-13
NYSOC.L
♦July 15-28
"
*July 30-Sept.
17 "
Sept. 18
NYHS
Sept. I9-Oct.I2 NYSOC.L
Oct. 13
NYHS
Oct. 14-31
NYSOC.L
Nov. 2
LC
Advertiser (Wilson) Missing Nos.
Nov. 3-26 NYSOC.L
Nov. 27 LC
Nov. 28-Dec. 2 NYSOC.L
Dec. 3 NYHS
Dec. 4-24 NYSOC.L
Dec. 26-31 "
Extra
Aug. 24 NYSOC.L
Supplements
Jan. 2 [3], 8 NYSOC.L
Dated Jan. II "
Jan. 13, 19
Feb. 2 "
Feb. II
Mar. 2, 24
Apr.
22
May
11.
21,
June
447
Missing Nos.
NYHS
NYSOC.L
2, II, 16, 20,
NYSOC.L
4. 5. 7. 8.
14, IS, 18,
22, 25, 29 "
2, 5, 6, 8,
10, 12, IS, 22 "
July 9, 20, 22, 27,
9
5. 19. 22,
NYHS
NYSOC.L
10, 14,
Aug. 12, 1
26, 29
Sept. 5, 12,
Sept. 17
Sept. 19, 26
Oct. I, 3,
25U1], 24, 31
Nov. 7, 25 "
Nov. 27 HC
Dec. II, 30 NYSOC.L
•July 17 is bound with July, 1800: Aug. 29 [26I is
bound after Aug. 29.
Mercantile Advertiser MissingNos.
(Crookes) (Diary) Jan.-June
July 27 WHS
Sept. 1,24,26 "
5.
Oct. I, 2, 3,
7,8,9,17,24
Nov. 12, 13, 14, 16,
19, 20, 23, 25, 26
entire.
July I, 2, 3,
4. 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, II,
13. 14. IS.
16,17,18,
20, 21, 22,
23. 24, 25,
28, 29, 30,
31
Aug. entire.
Sept. 2, 3,4,
5. 7. 8, 9,
10, II, 12,
14. 15. 16.
17, 18, 19,
21,22, 23,
25, 28, 29,
30
Oct. 6, 10,
12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 19,
20, 21,22,
23,26,27,
28, 29, 30,
31
Nov. 2, 3, 4,
5. 6, 7, 9,
10,11,17,
18, 21,24,
27, 28, 30
Dec. entire.
Spectator (Belden)
Supplement
May 16 NYPL
1802
Advertiser (Wilson) Missing No.
Jan. I NYSOC.L Dec. 31
Jan. 2-27 NYHS
Jan. 28 NYSOC.L
Jan. 29-Apr. 29 NYHS
Apr. 30 NYSOC.L
May i-is NYHS
May 17 NYSOC.L
May l8-July 3 nyhs
July S NYSOC.L
July 6-Oct. 9 NYHS
Oct. I I, 12, 13 NYSOC.L
Oct. 14-Dec. 30 NYHS
Supplements
Jan. 13 NYSOC.L
Jan. 30 NYHS
Feb. 3 NYSOC.L
Aug. 9
Oct. 21 "
Dec. 6
Dec. 30 NYHS
Herald (Burnham)
Jan. 2-Dec. 29 nyhs
Mercantile Advertiser
(Crookes) (Diary)
Jan. 4, 8,11,13,
14, 18, 25 HC
Feb. I, 8, 9, 10,
13, 15, 20, 22,
23,27
Mar. I, 2, 4, 6,
8, 9, 10, 16, 17,
23.24,30,31
Apr. 5, 7, 8, 14,
19,21,23,28
May 3, 5, 8,12,
17, 19, 24, 27
June 2 "
June II, 12 WHS
June 14, 16, 21, 23,
28 HC
July 3. 5. 7. 8,
9, 10, 21, 28 "
Aug. 2, II, 16, 23 "
Aug. 27 whs
Sept. 2, IS, 20, 23,
27 HC
Oct. I, 13, 18, 20,
25,27
Nov. 3, 15, 17, 19,
22, 25, 29
Dec. 23 whs
Post (Burnham)
Nov. i6-Dec. 31 NYHS
Spectator (Belden)
Jan. 3-Dec. 30 nypl
MissingNos.
Jan. I, 2, 5,
6, 7, 9, 1 2,
15,16,19,
20,21,22,
23, 26,27,
28, 29, 30
Feb. 2, 3, 4,
5. 6, II,
12, 16, 17,
18,19,24,
25, 26
Mar. 3, 5,
11,12,13,
15,18,19,
20,22,25,
26, 27, 2
Apr. I, 2, 3
6. 9, 10,
12, 13.15.
16, 17,20,
22, 24, 26,
27, 29, 30
May I, 4, 6,
7. 10. II,
13. 14. IS.
18,20,21,
22, 25, 26,
28,29,31
June I, 3, 4,
5. 7. 8, 9.
10,15,17,
18,19,22,
24, 25, 26,
29.30
July I, 2, 6,
12, 13, 14,
IS, 16, 17,
19, 20, 22,
23, 24, 26,
27. 29, 30,
Aug- 3. 4. 5.
6,7,9, 10,
12, 13.14.
17. i8. 19.
20,21,24,
448
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Mercantile Advertiser Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary) Aug. 25, 26,
28,30,31
Sept. 1,3,4,
6, 7, 8, 9,
10,11,13,
14, 16, 17,
18,21,22,
24,25,28,
29, 30
Oct. 2, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9,
11,12,14,
15,16,19,
21,22,23,
26, 28, 29,
30
Nov. 1,2,4,
S, 6, 8, 9,
10, II, 12,
13,16,18,
20,23,24,
26, 27, 30
Dec. I, 2, 3,
4, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, II,
13,14,15,
16, 17, 18,
20,21,22,
24, 25, 27,
28, 29, 30,
31
Post (Burnham)
Jan. i-Dec. 28
Dec. 30, 3 1
Missing No.
NYPL Dec.29(Pos-
" sibly not
issued.)
Spectator (Beiden)
Jan. 2 NYHS
Jan. 6-Feb. 27 nypl
Mar. 3 NYHS
Mar. 6-Apr. 21 nypl
Apr. 24 NYHS
Apr. 28-June2 nypl
June 5 NYHS
June 9-Dec. 29 NYPL
1803
Advertiser (Wilson)
*Jan. I NYSoc.L
Jan. 3-Dec.3i nyhs
Supplements
Oct. 3 NYHS
Dec. 5 NYSOC.L
•Jan. I is bound with Jan. 1802.
Herald (Burnham)
Jan. i-Dec. 31 nyhs
Mercantile Advertiser
(Crookes) (Diary)
Missing Nos,
Jan. 1, 3, 4,
Jan. 6, 19
Feb. 2
HC
5, 7, 8,
10,11,12,
Feb. 8
AAS
13,14,15,
Feb. 25, 26
HC
17,18,20,
Mar. 2, 3, 9, 16,
21,22,24,
17,3°
Apr. 2
Apr. 6, 27
May 18, 23, 25, 30
AAS
HC
25, 26, 27,
28,29,31
Feb. I, 3, 4,
5, 7, 9,
June I, 9, 13, 15,
10, 11, 12,
20, 22, 24, 25,
14,15,16,
T ?9
"
17, 18, 19,
July 1, 4,13,
July 16
AAS
21,22,23,
24,28
Mercantile Advertiser '.
Missing Nos.
Spectator (Beiden)
1
Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary)
Sept. 7 NYHS
July 18, 19,20,27
HC
Mar. I, 4, 5,
Sept. lo-Nov. 9 1
mypl
July 29,30
AAS
7, 8, 10,
Nov. 12 1
MYHS
Aug. I
HC
11, 12, 14,
Nov. i6-Dec. 31 1
MYPL
Aug. 3
AAS
15,18,19,
^
Aug. IS
HC
21,22,23,
i9n
Aug. 17,23
AAS
24, 25, 26,
1 oU^
Aug. 24, 29
HC
28,29,31
Advertiser (Bruce)
Missing Nos.
Aug. 30
AAS
Apr. I, 4, 5,
Jan. 2-July3i 1
S'YHS
Aug. 1
Aug. 31
HC
7, 8, 9,
Aug. 2-13
'*
Oct. 2
Sept. 5
*'
11,12,13,
Aug. 14 NYSOC.L
Dec. II
Sept. 6
AAS
14, IS, 16,
Aug. 15-Oct. I
NYHS
Sept. 7,12
HC
18, 19, 20,
Oct. 3-Dec. 10
"
Sept. 13
AAS
21,22,23,
Dec. 12-31
"
Sept. 19, 26
HC
25, 26, 28,
Supplements
Sept. 27
AAS
29,30
Sept. 24, 29
NYHS
Oct. 4
"
May 2, 3,4,
Oct. 29
*'
Oct. 5,10,19,31
HC
5, 6, 7, 9,
Nov. 14
"
Nov. 2, 7,15,23,
10, 11, 12,
Dec. 5, 12
"
28
"
13, 14, 16,
Dec. 14, 19, 21
t(
17,19,20,
Herald (Burnham)
21,24,26,
Jan. 4
AAS
27,28,31
*Jan. 7-Dec. 29
NYHS
June 2, 3, 4,
*Feb. 4 is bound after M
[ar. 3,
and Feb. 8 after
6, 7, 8,
Mar. 8.
10,11,14,
16, 17, 18,
21,23,27,
Mercantile Advertiser
Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary)
Jan. 2, 3, 5,
28,30
Jan. 4, 9, II, 18,
6, 7, 10,
July 2, 5, 6,
T~?3,25
HC
12,13,14.
7, 8, 9,
Feb. 8, 15, 16, 22,
16,17,19,
11, 12, 14,
,,^7
20, 21, 24,
15,21,22,
Mar. 7, 12, 14, 21,
26, 27, 28,
23,25,26,
28
28
Apr. 2,18,23,25,
30,31
Feb. I, 2, 3,
Aug. 2, 4, 5,
,,3°
"
4, 6, 7, 9,
6, 8, 9,
May 7, 9,21,30,
10,11,13,
10,11, 12,
T 31 ,
"
14, 17, 18,
13, 16, 18,
June 6
20,21,23,
19, 20, 22,
June 7
AAS
24, 25, 28,
25, 26, 27
June 25
HC
.,^9
Sept. I, 2, 3,
July 2, 4, 9,11,
Mar. 1,2,3,
8, 9, 10,
16,18
"
S, 6, 8, 9,
14, IS, 16,
17,20,21,
22,23, 24,
July 23
July 25, 30
WHS
HC
10,13,15,
16, 17, 19,
Aug. 13
"
20, 22, 23,
28, 29, 30
Aug. 18
AAS
24, 26, 27,
Oct. 1,3,6,
7, 8, 11,
Aug. 22, 29
HC
29,30,31
Sept. 3, 6
"
Apr 3, 4, 5,
12,13, 14,
Sept. 7
AAS
6, 7, 9.
15,17,18,
20,21, 22,
Sept. 10, 17, 24, 26
HC
10, II, 12,
Oct. 3, 8, 10, 15,
13, 14, 16,
24, 25, 26,
17,22,23,24,31
17,19,20.
27, 28, 29
Nov. 7, 12, 14, 19,
21, 24, 26.
Nov. I, 3, 4,
S, 8, 9,
21,26,28
27,28
Dec. 3, 5, 12, 19
"
May 1, 2, 3,
10, II, 12,
4, .5, 8,
14, 16, 17,
io,hi, 12,
14,15,16,
18, 19,21,
22,24,25,
17,18,19,
26, 29, 30
Dec. I, 2, 3,
22,23,24,
25,26, 28,
S, 6, 7, 8,
T ^^
9, 10, 12,
June I, 2, 4,
13,15,16,
S, 8, 9,
17, 20,22,
11,12,13,
23, 24, 26,
14,15,16,
27, 28, 29,
18, 19, 20,
30,31
21 22,23,
26, 27, 28,
Post (Burnhan)
T f^' ^° ^
Jan. i-Dec. 31
NYPL
July 3, 5, 6,
7, 10, 12,
Spectator (Beiden)
13, 14, 17,
Jan. i-Aug. 17
NYPL
19, 20, 21,
Aug. 20
NYHS
24, 26, 27,
Aug. 24-Sept. 3
NYPL
28,31
CHECK-LIST OF EARLY NEWSPAPERS
449
Mercantile Advertiser Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary) Aug. i, 2, 3,
4. 6, 7. 8,
9, 10, II,
14, IS, 16,
17, 20, 21,
23,24,25.
27, 28, 30,
31
Sept. 1,4, S.
8, II, 12,
13,14,15,
18,19,20,
21,22,25,
27, 28, 29
Oct. I, 2, 4,
5, 6, 9,
11,12,13,
16, 18, 19,
20, 25, 26,
27, 29, 30
Nov. I, 2, 3,
S, 6, 8, 9,
10,13,15,
16, 17, 20,
22, 23, 24,
27, 29, 30
Dec. I, 4, 6,
7, 8, 10,
11,13,14,
15,17,18.
20, 21, 22,
24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 29,
31
Mercantile Advertiser Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary)
Aug. 5, 7, 19, 21,
28 HC
Sept. 2, 4, 9, 16,
18, 24
Sept. 27 NYSOC.L
Oct. 2, 9, 16, 23,
28, 30 HC
Nov. 6, II, 18, 20, "
25, 27
Dec. 2, 4, 9, II,
18,25
Missing Nos.
NYPL July 14
" Aug. I
" Dec. 20, 25
Post (Burnham)
Jan. 2-July 13
July 16-31
Aug. 2-Dec. 19
Dec. 21, 22, 24
Dec. 26-31 "
Note- The fact that two files, otherwise complete,
lack these four issues, and that the numbering
of the issues, otherwise regular does not allow for
these issues, makes it possible that there were
no issues on these dates.
Spectator (Mills)
Jan. 4-Aug. 1 NYPL
Aug. 4 NYHS
Aug. 8-Dec. 29 NYPL
180S
Advertiser (Bruce)
Jan. i-May 31 NYHS
Herald (Burnham)
Jan. 2-Dec. 28 nyhs
Mercantile Advertiser Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary) Jan. i, 3, 4,
Jan. 2, 7, 8, 9, 5, 10, II,
16, 23, 28 HC 12, 14, 15,
Jan. 29 WHS 17, 18, 19,
Feb. 4, 6,13,20, 21,22,24,
27 HC 25,26,30,
Mar. 4, 6, II, 13, 31
18, 20, 27 " Feb. I, 2, 5,
Apr. 3,10,17,24, 7,8,9,11,
29 " 12, 14, 15,
May I, 8, 20, 22, 16, 18, 29,
29 " 21,22,23,
June 3, 4, 6 NYSOC.L 25, 26, 28
June 12 HC Mar. i, 2, 5,
June 28 NYSOC.L 7,8,9,12,
July I, 10, 15, 17, 14, 15, 16,
22, 24, 31 HC 19, 21,22,
23,25,26,
28, 29, 30
Apr. I, 2, 4,
5, 6, 8, 9,
II, 12,13,
15,16,18,
19, 20, 22,
23,25,26,
27,30
May 2, 3, 4,
6, 7, 9,
10, II, 13,
14, 15, 16,
17, 18,21,
23, 24, 25,
27, 28, 30,
31
June I, 5, 7,
8, 10, II,
13,14,15,
17, 18, 19,
20, 21, 22,
24, 25, 26,
27,29
July 2,3,4,
5- 6, 8, 9,
11,12,13,
16. 18. 19,
20, 23, 25,
26, 27, 29,
30
Aug. I, 2, 3,
6, 8, 9,
10,12,13,
14. 15. 16,
17, 20, 22,
23, 24, 26,
27,29,30,
31
Sept. 3,5, 6,
7, 10, II,
12,13,14,
17, 19,20,
21,23,25,
26, 28, 30
Oct. 1,3,4,
S, 7, 8,
10, 11, 12,
14. 15. 17,
18,19,21,
22, 24, 25,
26, 29, 3 1
Nov. I, 2,4,
5, 7, 8, 9,
12,13,14,
15,16,19,
21, 22, 23,
26, 28, 29,
30
Dec. 3, 5, 6,
7, 10, 12,
13, 14, 16,
17. 19.20,
21,23,24,
26, 27, 28,
30,31
Post (Burnham) Missing Nos.
Jan. 2-Sept. 10 NYHS Sept. 11
Sept. i2-Oct. 26 " Oct. 28
Oct. 29-Dec. 17 " Dec. 18
Dec. 19-31 "
Note: The issues of Sept. II and Oct. 28 may not
have been published. Beginning with this year
issues for Jan. I, July 4, and Dec. 25 were regu-
larly omitted.
Spectator (Mills) Missing Nos.
Jan. 2-Dec. 28 NYPL
1806
Herald (Burnham)
Jan. i-Feb. 26 NYSOC.L
Mar.
I
NYHS
Mar.
S-19
NYSOC.L
Mar.
22, 26
NYHS
Mar.
29
NYSOC.L
Apr.
2
NYHS
Apr. 5-May 10 NYSOCL
May 14 NYHS
May I7-Dec.3l nysoc.l
Mercantile Advertiser
(Crookes) (Diary)
Jan. 3 aas
Jan. 13, IS, 20, 27,
29 HC
Feb. 3, 5 ::
Mar. 3, 5, 12
Mar. 31 WHS
Apr. 2 HC
May 14, 19, 21, 28 "
June 9, II, 16, 18,
23, 25 "^
July 2, 7, 16
July 17 WHS
July 21, 23 HC
Aug. 4, 6, 13, 20,
27
Sept. 3, 10, 15, 17,
22
Sept. 23, 26 NYSOC.L
Oct. I, 6, 8, 15,
22, 27, 29 HC
Nov. 3, 5, 10, 12,
17, 19, 26
Dec. 8, 10, 17, 22,
31
Missing Nos.
Jan. 1, 2, 4,
6, 7- 8, 9,
10, II, 14,
16, 17, 18,
21,22, 23,
24, 25, 28,
30,31
Feb. 1,4,6,
7, 8, 10,
11,12,13,
14,15,17,
18, 19, 20,
21,22,24,
25, 26, 27,
28
Mar. 1,4,6,
7, 8, 10,
11.13,14,
15,17,18,
19, 20, 21,
22,24,25,
26, 27, 28,
29
Apr. 1,3,4,
5. 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12,
14,15,16,
17, 18, 19,
21,22,23,
24, 25, 26,
28, 29, 30
May 1,2,3,
5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 12,
13,15,16,
17,20,22,
23, 24, 26,
27, 29, 30,
31
June 2,3,4,
5, 6, 7,
10,12, 13,
14, 17, 19,
20, 21, 24,
26, 27, 28,
July 1,3,4,
5, 8, 9,
10, II, 12,
14, 15, 18,
19, 22, 24,
25, 26, 28,
29,30, 31
Aug. I, 2, 5,
7, 8, 9,
11, 12,14,
15, 16, 18,
19,21,22,
23, 25, 26,
28, 29, 30
450
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Mercantile Advertiser Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary) Sept. 1,2,4,
5, 6. 8, 9,
11,12,13,
16,18,19,
20, 24, 25,
27,29,30
Oct. 2, 3, 4,
7, 9, 10,
11,13,14,
16,17,18,
\
20,21,23,
24, 25, 28,
Nov. I, 4, 6,
7, 8, II,
13,14,1s,.
t8,20, 21,
22, 24, 25,
27, 28, 29
Dec. I, 2, 3,
4, S, 6, 9,
11,12, 13,,
15, 16, i8„
19, 20, 23,
24, 25, 26,
27, 29, 3a.
FosT (BumKam)
Jan. 2-6
NYPL.
Jan. 7
NYHS:
Jan, 8-Mar. 25
NYPL
Ma-r. 26
NYHS.
Mar. 27-ApE. 25
NYPL
Apr. 26,28
NYHS-
Apr. 29'Dec. 6
NYPL
Dec. 8
NYHS-
Dec. 9-30
NYPL
Dec. 31.
NYHS
Extras
Apr. 29
NYPL.
Aug. z&
ft
Spectator (Mills)
Jan. i-Dec. 31
NYHS
1807
Herald (BumPram)
Jan. 3-May 27 NYHS
May 30 AAS
June 3-Sept. 26 NYHS
Sept. 30 AAS
Oct. 3-28 NYHS-
Oct. 31 AAS
Nov. 4-Dec. JO NYHS
Mercantile Advertiser Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary) Jan. I, 2, 3,
Jan. 5, 7,12,14, 6, 8, 9,
26, 28 Hc 10, 13, 15,
Feb. 2, 4, ^11, 16, 17, 19,
16,23,25,26 " 20,21,22,
Mar. 2 WHS 23,24,27,
Mar. 9,11,16,18, 29,30,31
23,30 HC Feb. 3, 5, 6,
Apr. I, 6, 15,29 " 7, 10, 12,
May 4,13,18,25 " 13,14,17,
June 3,10,15,30 " 18,19,20,
July I, 8 " 21,24,27,
July 14 AAS 28
July 21, 22, 28, HC Mar. 3,4, 5,
Aug. 10, 19 " 6, 7, 10,
Sept. 9, 14, 16,23, 12, 13, 14,
30 " 17,19,20,
Oct. 12,21,26 " 21,24,25,
Nov. 2, 4,30 " 26,27,28,
Dec. 2 "31
Mercantile Advertiser Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary) Apr. 2, 3, 4,
7, 8, 9,
10,11,13,
14, 16, 17,
18,20, 21,
22, 23, 24,
25,27,28,
30
May I, 2, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9,
II, 12, 14,
15, 16, 19,
20, 21, 22,
23,26,27,
28, 29, 30
June I, 2, 4,
5, 6, 8, 9,
II, 12,13,
16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 22,
23,24,25,
26, 27, 29
July 2, 3, 4,
6, 7, 9,
10,11,13,
IS, 16, 17,
18, 20, 23,
24, 25, 27,
29,30,31
Aug. 1,3,4,
5, 6, 7, 8,
11,12,13,
14, 15,17,
18,20, 21,
22,24, 25,
26, 27, 28,
29,31
Sept. 1,2,3,
4, S, 7, 9>
10, II, 12,
15, 17, 18,
19,21,22,
24, 25, 26,
28,29
Oct. I, 2, 3,
5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 13,
14, 15, 16,
17, 19,20,
22,23,24,
27, 28, 29,
30,31
Nov. 3, 5, 6,
I 7, 9, 10,
11,12,13,
14, 16, 17,
18, 19, 20,
21,23,24,
25, 26, 27,
28
Dec. 1, 3, 4,
S, 7. 8, 9,
10, II, 12,
14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19,
21, 22,23,
24, 25,26,
28, 29, 30,
31
Post (Burnham)
Jan. 2-Dec. 31 NYPL
Spectator (Mills)
Jan. i-Oct. 28 NYPL
Oct. 31 NYHS
Nov. 4, 7 NYPL
Mercantile Advertiser Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary)
Nov. I I NYHS
Nov. 14-Dec. 26 NYPL
Dec. 30 NYHS
1808
Herald (Burnham)
Jan. 2, 6, 9 NYHS
Jan. 13 AAS
Jan. 16-30 NYHS
Feb. 3 AAS
Feb. 6-Apr. 23 nyhs
Apr. 27 AAS
Apr. 30-May 28 NYHS
June I AAS
June 4, 8,11 NYHS
June 15 AAS
June 18, 22 NYHS
June 25 AAS
June 29-Oct. 29 NYHS
Nov. 2 AAS
Nov. 5-Dec. 31 NYHS
Supplement
Apr. 6 NYHS
Mercantile Advertiser
(Crookes) (Diary)
Mar. 4
June 22, 27
June 28
July 23
July 25,27
Aug. I, 8
Aug. 10
Aug. 15,17,22
Aug. 23
Sept. 5, 8, 12, 14,
19, 21
Oct. 17, 19
Nov. 2
Nov. 3
Nov. 7, 9, 14
Nov. 18
Nov. 21
Dec. 7, 14, 19, 28
Dec. 31
AAS
HC
WHS
WHS
HC
WHS
WHS
HC
WHS
HC
Missing Nos.
Jan. -Feb.
entire.
Mar. 1, 2, 3,
S, 7. 8, 9,
10, II, 12,
14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19,
21,22,23,
24, 25, 26,
28, 29, 30,
31
Apr.-May
entire.
June I, 2, 3,
4> 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, II,
13,14,1s,
16,17,18,
20,21,23,
24, 25, 29,
30
July I, 2, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8,
9, II, 12,
13,14,1s,
16, 18, 19,
20, 21,22,
26, 28, 29,
30
Aug. 2, 3, 4,
S> 6, 9,
11,12,13,
16, 18, 19,
20, 24, 25,
26, 27, 29,
30,31
Sept. 1, 2, 3,
6, 7, 9.
10,13,15,
16, 17,20,
22,23,24,
26, 27, 28,
29,30
Oct. 1, 3, 4,
5. 6, 7, 8,
10, II, 12,
13,14,15,
18, 20,21,
22, 24, 25,
26, 27, 28,
29,31
CHECK-LIST OF EARLY NEWSPAPERS
Mercantile Advertiser Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary) Nov. 1,4,5,
8, 10, II,
12, 15, 16,
17, 19, 22,
23,24,25,
26, 28, 29,
30
Dec. I, 2, 3,
5, 6, 8, 9,
10,12, 13,
IS, 16, 17,
20,21,22,
23,24,26,
27, 29, 30
Post (Burnham)
Jan. 2-Apr. 28
NYPL
Apr. 29
NYHS
Apr. 30-June 13
NYPL
June 14
NYHS
June 15-N0V. 9
NYPL
Nov. 10
NYHS
Nov. ii-Dec. 31
NYPL
Spectator (Mills)
Jan. 2-Dec. 31 NYPL
1809
Herald (Burnham)
Jan. 4-Feb. I NYHS
Feb. 4 aas
Feb. 8-May 3 nyhs
May 6 aas
May 10-27 NYHS
May 31 aas
June 3-24 NYHS
June 28 AAS
*July I-Oct. II NYHS
Oct. 15 AAS
Oct. 18-N0V. II NYHS
Nov. 15 AAS
Nov. i8-Dec. 20 nyhs
Dec. 23 AAS
Dec. 27, 30 NYHS
*Aug. 30 is bound with Aug. 1808.
Mercantile Advertiser Missing Nos,
(Crookes) (Diary)
Jan. 16
Feb. 9 I
Feb. 21
Feb. 22
Mar. 4
Apr. 22, 28
June 9
Aug. 16
Oct. 13
Oct. 17
Nov. 7
HC
WHS
AAS
WHS
AAS
WHS
Jan. 2, 3, 4,
5. 6, 7. 9.
10,11, 12,
13.14, 17.
18, 19,20,
21,23,24,
25, 26,27,
28,30,31
Feb. I, 2, 3,
4. 6. 7. 8,
10,11, 13,
14, 15, 16,
17, 18,20,
23,24.25,
27,28
Mar. I, 2, 3,
6, 7> 8, 9,
10, II, 13,
14,15,16,
17, l8>20,
21,22,23,
24,25,27,
28,29,30,
31
Apr. I, 3, 4,
5. 6, 7, 8,
10, II, 12,
13, 14- 15,
17, 18, 19,
Mercantile Advertiser Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary) Apr. 20, 21,
24, 25, 26,
27, 29
May entire.
June I, 2, 3,
S, 6, 7, 8,
10, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16,
17, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23,
24, 26, 27,
28,29, 30
July entire.
Aug. I, 2, 3,
4. 5, 7. 8,
9, 10, II,
12,14,15,
17, 18, 19,
21,22,23,
24, 25, 26,
28, 29, 30,
Sept. entire.
Oct. 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 9,
10, II, 12,
14, 16, 18,
19,20,21,
23,24,25.
26, 27, 28
30.31
Nov. I, 2, 3,
4, 6, 8, 9,
10,11,13,
14, 15, 16,
17, 18,20,
21,22,23,
24, 25,27,
28,29,30
Dec. entire.
Post (Burnham)
Jan. 3-July3 NYPL
July 5 NYHS
July 6-Dec. 30 NYPL
Spectator (Mills)
Jan. 4-Dec. 30 NYPL
ISIO
Herald (Burnham
Jan. 3-17
20
24,27
31
3
7
9[io]-2i
24
28-Mar. 10
Mar. 14
Mar. 17-Nov. 17
Nov. 21
Nov. 24-Dec. 29
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
NYPL
AAS
NYPL
AAS
NYPL
AAS
NYPL
AAS
NYPL
AAS
NYPL
AAS
NYPL
Mercantile Advertiser Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary) Jan. entire.
Feb. 6
Feb. 7
Mar. 20
Mar. 28
Aug. 23
Sept. II, 25
Dec. 13
AAS Feb. I, 2, 3,
WHS
5.
8,
9.
AAS
10,
12,
13.
WHS
14-
15,
16,
"
17.
19.
20,
AAS
21,
22,
23,
24.
28
26,
27,
Mercantile .Advertiser
(Crookes) (Diary)
45 1
Missing Nos.
Mar. I, 2, 3,
5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 12,
13,14.15.
16, 17,19,
21, 22, 23,
24, 26, 27,
29,30,31
Apr.-July
entire.
Aug. I, 2, 3,
4. 6, 7, 8,
9. 1°, ".
13,14.15.
16, 17, 18,
20,21, 22,
24, 25, 27,
28, 29, 30,
Sept. I, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8,
10, 12, 13,
14. 15, 17.
18, 19, 20,
21,22,24,
26, 27, 28,
29
Oct .-Nov.
entire.
Dec. 1,3,4,
5. 6, 7. 8,
10, 11,12,
14. 15. 17.
18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 24,
25, 26, 27,
28,29,31
Post (Burnham)
Jan. 2-July II NYPL
July 12 NYHS
July 13-Dec. 31 NYPL
Spectator (Mills)
Jan. 3-Dec. 29 NYPL
181I
Herald (Burnham)
Jan. 2-Dec. 28 nypl
Mercantile Advertiser
(Crookes) (Diarj')
Mar. 12, 27 AAS
Apr. 10 "
June 4 WHS
Aug. 24 AAS
Dec. 3 "
Missing Nos.
Jan.-Feb.
entire.
Mar. I, 2, 4,
5. 6. 7. 8,
9. I'. 13.
14, 15, 16,
iS, 19,20,
21, 22,23,
25,26,28,
29, 30
Apr. I, 2, 3;
4. 5, 6, 8,
9. >i. 12,
13.15. 16,
17, 18, 19,
20, 22,23,
24,25,26,
27, 29,.3o
Ivlay entire.
June I, 3, 5,
6, 7. 8,,
10, II, 12,
13. 14. '5.
17, 18, 19,
20,21, 22,
45 2
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
Mercantile Advertiser Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary) June 24, 25,
26, 27, 28,
July entire.
Aug. I, 2, 3,
5. 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 12,
13.14. IS.
16, 17, 19,
20, 21, 22,
23, 26, 27,
28, 29, 30,
3«
Mercantile Advertiser Missing Nos.
(Crookes) (Diary) Sept.-Nov.
entire.
Dec. 2, 4, 5,
6, 7. 9.
10,11, 12,
13. 14. 16,
17,18,19,
20,21,23,
24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 30,
31
Post (Burnham)
Jan. 2-30
NYHS
Jan. 31
Feb. 1-9
Feb. II
Feb. I2-June 19
NYPL
NYHS
NYPL
NYHS
June 20
NYPL
*June 2i-Dec. 31
NYHS
•July 28 is bound after July 27.
Spectator (Mills)
Jan. 2-July3i
Aug. 3
Aug. 7-Dec. 28
NYPL
NYHS
NYPL
VI
MAP OF MANHATTAN ISLAND
IN 1908
SHOWING STREETS, BUILDINGS, DIMENSIONS
ELEVATION ABOVE HIGH WATER, ETC
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