{PI l<*
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STATE OF ILLINOIS
DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor
DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION
FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director
DIVISION OF THE
STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
M. M. LEIGHTON. Chief
URBANA
SURVEY LIBfHRY
MAR 8 if|;6
REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS — No. 109
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1944
BY
Walter H. Voskuil and Douglas F. Stevens
PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS
URBANA, ILLINOIS
1945
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
3 3051 00005 7400
STATE OF ILLINOIS
DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor
DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION
FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director
DIVISION OF THE
STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief
URBANA
REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS — No. 109
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1944
Walter H. Voskuil and Douglas F. Stevexs
PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS
URBANA, ILLINOIS
1945
ORGANIZATION
STATE OF ILLINOIS
HON. DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor
DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION
HON. FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director
BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION
HON. FRANK G. THOMPSON, Chairman
NORMAN L. BOWEN, D.Sc, LL.D., Geology
ROGER ADAMS, Ph.D., D.Sc, Chemistry
LOUIS R. HOWSON, C.E., Engineering
CARL G. HARTMAN, Ph.D., Biology
EZRA JACOB KRAUS, Ph.D., D.Sc, Forestry
ARTHUR CUTTS WILLARD, D.Engr., L.L.D.
President of the University of Illinois
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION
M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief
(5908— 3M— 10-45)
-L/C,
Y\£>
2/
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE
STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION
100 Natural Resources Building, Urbana
M. M. LEIGHTON, Ph.D., Chief
Enid Townley, M.S., Assistant to the Chief
Velda A. Millard, Junior Assl. to the Chief
Helen E. McMorris, Secretary to the Chief
Effie Hetishee, B.S., Geological Assistant
GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Ralph E. Grim, Ph.D..
Geologist in Charge
Pelrographer and Principal
Coal
G. H. Cady, Ph.D., Senior Geologist and Head
R. J. Helfinstine, M.S., Mech. Engineer
Charles C. Boley, M.S., Assoc. Mining Eng.
Bryan Parks, M.S., Assl. Geologist
Earle F. Taylor, M.S., Asst. Geologist (on leave)
Ralph F. Strete, A.M., Asst. Geologist
Robert M. Kosanke, M.A., Asst. Geologist
Robert W. Ellingwood. B.S., Asst. Geologist
George M. Wilson, M.S., Asst. Geologist
Jack A. Simon, B.S., Asst. Geologist
Arnold Eddings, B.A., Research Assistant (on leave)
Raymond Sieyer. B.S., Research Assistant (on leave)
John A. Harrison, B.S., Research Assistant (on leave)
Mary E. Barnes, B.S., Research Assistant
Margaret Parker, B.S., Research Assistant
Flo Nell Ozelsel, B.F.A., Technical Assistant
Oil and Gas
A. H. Bell, Ph.D., Geologist and Head
Frederick Squires, B.S., Petroleum Engineer
Stewart Folk, M.S., Assoc. Geologist (on leave;
David H. Swann, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist
Virginia Kline, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist
Paul G. Luckhardt, M.S., Asst. Geologist (on leave)
Wayne F. Meents, ^.55/. Geologist
James S. Yolton, M.S. Asst. Geologist
Margaret Sands, B.S., Research Assistant
Industrial Minerals
J. E. Lamar, B.S., Geologist and Head
Robert M. Grogan, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist
Robert T. Anderson, M.A., Asst. Physicist
Robert R. Reynolds, M.S., Asst. Geologist
Clay Resources and Clay Mineral Technology
Ralph E. Grim, Ph.D., Pelrographer and Head
Richards A. Rowland, Ph.D., Asst. Pelrographer
(on leave)
William A. White, B.S., Research Assistant
Groundwater Geology and Geophysical Exploration
Carl A. Bays, Ph.D., Geologist and Engineer, and Head
Robert R. Storm, A.B., Assoc. Geologist
Arnold C. Mason, B.S., Assoc. Geologist (on leave 1
Merlyn B. Buhle, M.S., Asst. Geologist
M. W. Pullen, Jr., M.S., Asst. Geologist
Charles G. Johnson, A.B., Asst. Geologist (on leave)
Margaret J. Castle, Asst. Geologic Draftsman
Robert N. M. Urash, B.S., Research Assistant
Subsurface Geology
L. E. Workman, M.S., Geologist and Head
C. Leland Horberg, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist
Frank E. Tippie, M.S., Assl. Geologist
Paul Herbert, Jr., B.S., Assl. Geologist
Marvin P. Meyer, B.S., Asst. Geologist
Elizabeth Pretzer, A.B., Research Assistant
Ruth E. Roth, B.S., Research Assistant
Physics
R. J. Piersol, Ph.D., Physicist
GEOCHEMISTRY
Frank H. Reed, Ph.D., Chief Chemist (on leave)
Carol J. Adams, B.S., Research Assistant
Coal
G. R. Yohe, Ph.D., Chemist and Head*
Herman S. Levine, B.S., Research Assistant
Industrial Minerals
J. S. Machin, Ph.D., Chemist and Head
Fluorspar
G. C. Finger, Ph.D., Chemist and Head
Oren F. Williams, B.Engr., Asst. Chemist
Chemical Engineering
H. W. Jackman, M.S.E., Chemical Engineer and Head
P. W. Henline, M.S., Assoc. Chemical Engineer
James C. McCullough, Research Associate
James H. Hanes, B.S., Research Assistant
(on leave)
Leroy S. Miller, B.S., Research Assistant
(on leave)
X-ray and Spectrography
W. F. Bradley, Ph.D., Chemist and Head
Analytical
O. W. Rees, Ph.D., Chemist and Head*
L. D. McVicker, B.S., Chemist
Howard S. Clark, A.B., Assoc. Chemist
Cameron D. Lewis, B.S., Asst. Chemist
William T. Abel, B.A., Research Assistant
John C. Gogley, Research Assistant
Elizabeth J. Eades, A.B., Research Assistant
MINERAL ECONOMICS
W. H. Voskuil, Ph.D., Mineral Economist
Douglas F. Stevens, M.E., Research Associate
Nina Hamrick, A.B., Research Assistant
Ethel M. King, Research Assistant
LIBRARY
Regina Lewis, B.A., B.L.S., Librarian
Engineering Geology and Topographic Mapping
George E. Ekblaw, Ph.D., Geologist and Head
Richard F. Fisher, M.S., Asst. Geologist
Areal Geology and Paleontology
H. B. Willman, Ph.D., Geologist and Head
Chalmer L. Cooper, Ph.D., Geologist
Heinz A. Lowenstam, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist
PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS
Dorothy E. Rose, B.S., Technical Editor
Meredith M. Calkins, Geological Draftsman
Beulah Featherstone, B.F.A., Asst. Geologic
Draftsman
Willis L. Busch, Principal Technical Assistant
Leslie D. Vaughan, Asst. Photographer
*Assistant Chief Chemist in interim of absence of
Chief Chemist.
Consultants: Ceramics, CulLen W. Parmelee, M.S., D.Sc, and Ralph K. Hursh, B.S., University of Illinois
Mechanical Engineering, Seichi Konzo, M. S., University of Illinois
Topographic Mapping in Cooperation with the United States Geological Survey.
This report is a contribution of the Mineral Economics Section.
November 1, 1945
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
http://archive.org/details/illinoisminerali109vosk
CONTEXTS
Page
Introduction 9
Acknowledgments 9
Summary of production and value of Illinois minerals in 1944 12
Coal 15
Coal in 1944 — the national picture 15
Production by districts 15
Coal in Illinois 19
Data by type of mine 21
Coal distribution in the Illinois coal market territory 25
The market area 25
The all-rail movement 25
Lake shipments of coal 2s
Coal shipments to tidewater 28
Metropolitan markets 29
Coal prices in 1944 29
Coal consumption by states and uses 29
Degree-days in 1944 34
Fuel briquets and packaged fuel 41
Coke and byproducts 44
Petroleum and gas 45
Petroleum in 1944 — the national picture 45
Petroleum in World Wars I and II 45
Estimated reserves 45
Production 45
Prices of crude oil in 1944 47
Gasoline 47
Gaseous fuels in Illinois in 1944 50
Stone, rock products 53
Limestone, dolomite and marl 53
Commercial and government-and-contractor operations 53
Agstone used in Illinois in 1944 53
Cement 65
Lime 65
Mineral wool 65
Ganister and sandstone 65
Clays, clay products 67
Clays including fuller's earth 67
Clay products including silica refractories 67
Refractories — clay and silica 67
Structural clay products 67
Whiteware and pottery 67
Building construction 71
Sand and gravel 73
Silica sand 73
Ground silica 73
Tripoli ("amorphous" silica) 73
Other sand and gravel 73
Commercial and government-and-contractor operations 73
Fluorspar 77
Fluorspar industry in 1944 77
Production
Consumption '
Fluorspar in Illinois 86
Prices 86
CONTENTS— Continued
Page
Zinc and lead 87
Miscellaneous minerals 87
Peat 87
Pyrites 87
Sulfur 87
Minerals processed, but not mined, in Illinois 89
Coke and byproducts 89
Packaged fuel and fuel briquets 89
Pig iron 89
Sulfuric acid 89
Slab zinc 89
Ground feldspar 89
Magnesium compounds 89
Mineral pigments 89
Pig lead 89
Expanded vermiculite . . - 89
Alumina 89
Phosphates 89
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
1 Value of annual mineral production in Illinois, 1914-1944 13
2 Bituminous coal production districts east of the Mississpipi River 15
3 Map of Illinois showing location of principal coal mining districts and coal beds mined 16
4 Map of Illinois showing location of shipping coal mines, and local mines having annual production
of 5,000 tons or more 20
5 Annual production of Illinois coal, classified by mining methods, 1928-1944 25
6 Degree-day districts, with averages and ranges 36
7 Annual production of stone (limestone, dolomite, marl) in Illinois, 1920-1944 55
8 Agstone used in 1944, showing county averages in pounds per acre of arable land 58
9 Annual shipments of cement and lime by producers in Illinois, 1920-1944 64
10 Annual sales of clays and clay products by producers in Illinois, 1939-1944 69
11 Annual production and value of sand and gravel, and silica sand in Illinois, 1920-1944 76
12 Fluorspar consumption by uses, United States and Illinois, 1939-1944 80
13 Average annual fluorspar consumption (of both domestic and foreign fluorspar) in the United
States, 1935-1940, compared with 1944, by sources and consuming industries 81
14 Fluorspar, annual shipments and average value, from Illinois mines, 1913-1944 85
TABLES
Table Page
1 Summary of mineral production of Illinois, sold or used by producers, 1942-1944 10
2 Value of Illinois mineral production, summary of annual values, 1914-1944 14
3 National bituminous coal output since 1938 15
4 Bituminous coal and lignite, production by districts, 1942-1944 17
5 Production in districts with large all-rail shipments to the Upper Mississippi Valley, 1941-1944 18
6 Bituminous coal production in the United States, by states, 1940-1944 18
7 Production of bituminous coal in the Eastern Interior coal field, 1939-1944 19
8 Illinois coal production, by quarters, for the years 1941-1944 19
9 Coal production of all Illinois mines, by type of mine and by counties, 1944 21, 22
10 Production of bituminous coal in Illinois, and in the United States, by months, 1944 21
11 Amount and value of coal produced in Illinois, showing number and type of mines, 1935-1944. ... 24
TABLES— Continued
Table Page
12 Origin and destination of revenue railroad shipments of coal, from Illinois, Indiana, western Ken-
tucky, and the Appalachian fields in 1943 and 1944 26
13 Origin of lake cargo coal from Appalachian fields, 1942-1944 28
14 Lake cargo shipments and receipts of coal at Upper Lake docks, 1934-1944 29
15 Lake shipments of coal from the Eastern Interior basin, 1944 29
1 6 Sources of all-rail coal destined for Chicago, 1942-1944 30
17 Sources of coal destined for St. Louis, 1942-1944 30
18 Coal mine prices, December 1943, and December 1944 31
19 Coal consumed in the Illinois coal market area (exclusive of railroad fuel), 1944 32
20 Distribution of bituminous coal produced in Illinois, 1944 33
21 Shipments of bituminous coal, by sizes, from Illinois, 1944 34
22 Source of bituminous coal shipped to Illinois, 1944 34
23 Types of heating equipment, by degree-day districts 35
24 Degree-days for 47 Illinois cities during 1944 and 1945, by months, compared with normal average
over the period during which records have been kept 37
25 Production of fuel briquets in the United States, 1943 and 1944 41
26 Shipments of fuel briquets of domestic manufacture into the Illinois coal market area, 1942-1944.. 41
27 Production and value of packaged fuel in Illinois, 1940-1944 44
28 Coke and byproducts produced, sold, or used by producers in Illinois, 1941-1944 42
29 Oil production in two wars 45
30 Estimates of proved oil reserves in the states serving the Illinois area, Jan. 1, 1935 to Jan. 1, 1945. . 45
31 Crude oil production in the United States, by districts and states, 1939-1944 46
32 Crude oil and related products produced, sold, or used by producers in Illinois, 1942-1944 48
33 Average value of crude oil in Illinois, 1937-1944 47
34 Crude oil price changes for Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, 1944 49
35 Stocks of crude oil and refined products in the United States, in Illinois, and in the Central Refin-
ing district, by months, 1944 49
36 Gasoline sold in Illinois, 1941-1944, by months 50
37 Consumption of natural gas and manufactured gas in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 51
38 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, 1944, by uses and by months 52
39 Value of gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, 1944, by uses and by months 52
40 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, by principal uses, 1940-1944 53
41 Limestone, dolomite, and marl, by uses, sold or used by producers, 1943 and 1944 54
42 Limestone, dolomite, and marl, by kinds and uses, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1944 56
43 Agstone used in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 57
44 Agstone used in Illinois annually, 1927-1944 59
45 Agstone used in Illinois, by counties, 1943 and 1944 60
46 Agstone produced in other states and used in Illinois, 1939-1944 59
47 Agstone produced in Illinois and marketed in other states, 1939-1944 59
48 Cement, shipped or used by producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 62
49 Lime, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 63
50 Mineral wool, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 and by kinds and by uses 66
51 Ganister and sandstone, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942-1944 65
52 Clays (including Fuller's earth) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944, by kinds
and by uses 68
53 Clay products (including silica refractories) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois, 1943 and
1944 70
54 Value of building permits issued in Illinois, by months and by type, in 1944 71
55 Silica sand, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 72
56 Ground silica, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 73
57 Tripoli ("amorphous" silica), sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 73
58 Sand (other than silica sand) and gravel, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 74
59 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, 1943 and 1944, by states 77
60 Production of hydrogen fluoride, calculated 100 percent, in tons 78
61 Fluorspar (domestic and foreign) consumed and in stock in the United States, 1943 and 1944, by
industries, in tons 79
62 Fluorspar (domestic and foreign) consumed in the United States, 1943 and 1944, by States, in tons 79
TABLES— Concluded
Table Page
63 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, 1943 and 1944, by uses 82
64 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, 1943 and 1944, by grades, and by industries, in
tons 82
65 Fluorspar consumed in Illinois and in the United States, by uses, 1939-1944 83
66 Fluorspar shipped from mines in Illinois, 1943 and 1944, by kinds and by uses 84
67 Fluorspar shipped from Illinois mines, 1939-1944 86
68 Zinc, lead, and silver, recovered from ores mined in Illinois, 1942-1944 88
69 Miscellaneous minerals, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942-1944 87
70 Minerals processed, but not mined, in Illinois, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942-1944. . . 90
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1944
BY
Walter H. Voskuil and Douglas F. Stevens
INTRODUCTION
The Illinois mineral industry is a key
factor in creating and supporting the in-
dustrial activity in Illinois and, to con-
siderable extent, in other states of the
Upper Misssissippi Valley. The primary
materials of industrial production — fuels
and iron ore, the latter from the Lake
Superior district — are available in abundant
quantities and are assembled for processing
at a low cost on Lake Michigan near the
large market of Chicago and of smaller
cities in the industrial belt. There are
abundant cheaply mined and good quality
coals at points accessible to manufacturing
centers. In addition to this, certain min-
erals essential to the processing of primary
steel, such as refractory materials and
fluxes, are also present in the area, together
with a variety of mineral products for
foundry, chemical, construction, and other
uses.
This wide array of manufacturing in-
dustries lies in the center of one of the
most efficient and low-cost food producing
areas in the United States, if not in the
world. A fertile soil has provided an area
of high food yields, a mechanized agri-
culture has brought production costs down
to a low level, a flat topography has aided
in the introduction of cost-saving farm
machinery and the low cost of transporting
farm products to consuming centers, and the
use of power on farms, by displacing animal
power, has added millions of acres to the
farm land available for the production of
food.
The unusual and excellent endowment
of industrial, mineral, and agricultural re-
sources offers opportunities for production
and employment that are probably un-
matched elsewhere.
Acknowledgments
This report is made possible through the
cooperation of the Bureau of Mines and
the Bituminous Coal Division of the United
States Department of the Interior, the
Illinois State Department of Mines and
Minerals, and the cooperation of mineral
producers throughout Illinois in furnishing
information regarding their operation.
Each of the sections of this report was
prepared in close collaboration with the
heads of the several mineral research di-
visions of the Illinois State Geological
Survey. Special assistance and advice were
contributed by Ralph E. Grim, Petrog-
rapher and Principal Geologist in charge
of the Geological Resources Section; G. H.
Cady, Senior Geologist and Head of the
Coal Division; A. H. Bell, Geologist and
Head of the Oil and Gas Division; J. E.
Lamar, Geologist and Head, and Robert
M. Grogan, Associate Geologist, of the
Industrial Minerals Division ; and G. C.
Finger, Chemist and Head of the Fluorspar
Division of the Geochemistry Section.
[9]
Table 1. — Summary of Mineral Production of
Material
Unit
Detail
table
1942
Line
No.
Quantity
Value at plants
Rank
among states
Total
Av.
Amt.
Value
1
?
Coal — bituminous
Petroleum —
Crude oil
Tons
Bbls.
M. cu. ft.
Gals.
Tons
Bbls.
Tons
Tons
Tons
F.quiv. tons
Tons
a
a
u
Ions
Tons
Troy oz.
Tons
9,11
32
«
41,42
48
49
50
51
52
53
55
56
58
ft
57
66
68
69
65,746,204
106,391,000
26,129,000
66,389,000
72,934,000
*$125,575,000
144,800,000
948,000
3,252,000
2,000.000
*$1.91
1.36
.036
.049
.027
3
5
15
8
4
4
10
6
7
4
1
1
1
*3
1
17
14
22
4
4
3
Natural gas
15
4
Natural gasoline
5
5
Liquefied petroleum gases ...
Stone, rock products —
Limestone, dolomite, marl
Cement
4
6
7
8
14,006,556
7,087,400
314,077
* 2,948
151,000,000
13,014,429
10,284,111
2,266,152
9,376
.93
1.45
7.21
*3.18
3
10
9
Lime
5
10
Mineral wool
11
Ganister, sandstone
Clays, clay products —
Clays (except fuller's earth).
Fuller's earth
Clay products — refractories
Structural
12
13
14
15
16
177,663
30,421
275.456
1,135,167
* 25,574,068
439,872
264,611
5,918,118
6,326,510
7,379,387
2.48
8.70
21.48
5.57
13
4
4
17
White wares and pottery .
Sand and gravel —
18
19
3,103,897
166,303
5,469,306
9,350,636
12,575
20,328,498
4,055,602
1,122,756
2,627,665
4,831,864
203,390
1.31
6.79
.48
.52
16.17
1
90
Ground silica
1
">1
Other sand
22
Gravel
23
Tripoli ("amorphous" silica)
Fluorspar
Metals —
Zinc
Lead
Silver
1
24
25
26
27
28
18,102,717
161,949
9,389
2,344
104
12,841,277
4,306,750
1,746,354
314,096
74
.71
26.59
186.00
134.00
.71
4
1
17
14
22
Miscellaneous minerals
Annual mineral production
29
30
* 34,179
2,060,524
* 149,327
* 4.37
31
—
*$34 1,835, 444
—
5
32
33
Minerals processed, but mostly not
mined, in Illinois*
Coke and byproducts
Packaged fuel
Tons
u
u
a
28,70
27,70
70
ft
ft
4,980
5,871,858
215,494
166,066
42,849
* 38,198,000
60,001
125,662,134
2,036,418
* 30,888,246
2,436,135
12.05
21.30
9.45
*186.00
56.85
6
7
4
2
5
7
34
35
36
37
Pig iron
Sulfuric acid
Slab zinc (out-of-state ore) . . .
Miscellaneous minerals proc-
4
2
Total minerals processed
38
—
*199,280,934
—
39
Total minerals produced and
processed
—
♦$541,116,378
—
* Revised figures.
a Compiled from various sources, as stated in each detailed table. See footnotes for each table.
b Estimated for 1944,
Illinois, Sold or Used by
Producers, 1942-1944*
1943
1944
Quantity
Value at plants
Rank
among
states
Quantity
Value at plants
Percent
change in
amount
from 1943
Rank
among states
Line
No.
Total
Av.
Total
Av.
Amt.
Value
Amt.
Val.
73,344,761
82,260,000
* 32.544.000
* 71,737,000
113,750,000
*$ 156, 224,000
* 112,700,000
* 1,545,000
* 4,072,000
* 3,358,000
* $2.13
* 1.37
* .047
* .057
* .029
3
6
*6
4
3
11
6
6
3
1
1
*2
1
4
6
*4
4
3
11
5
7
4
1
1
3
1
5
77,400,031
77,413,000
b30, 600,000
64,500,000
136,000,000
$164,862,000
106,055,800
b 1,530,000
3,483,000
3,400,000
$2.13
1.37
b .05
.054
.025
+ 5.5
- 5.9
- 6.0
—10.1
+ 19.6
3
6
c
2
1
4
6
e
2
1
5
1
2
3
4
5
* 11,420,135
* 4,587,442
* 385,854
* 1,045
* 121,675,000
* 10,646,658
7,094,207
* 2,436,423
* 2,426,339
6.557
.93
* 1.55
6.31
♦ 6.27
10,655,814
3,641,285
280,935
548
114,468,800
10,677,101
5,662,035
2,183,063
1,707,020
4,774
1.00
1.50
7.77
8.70
d- 5.9
- 6.7
-20.6
-27.2
d-29.6
-47.6
6
7
8
9
10
11
182,620
* 39,500
260,362
830,100
* 22,610,184
463,986
* 372,024
5,379,492
4,515,300
7,359,559
2.54
* 9.42
20.66
5.44
188,604
42,277
200,021
727,483
20,233.993
500,113
390,346
4,053,387
4,196,064
6,764,620
2.65
9.23
20.26
5.77
d— 10.5
+ 3.3
+ 7.0
-23.2
—12.4
d— 8.1
12
13
14
15
16
17
* 3,613,744
173,854
3,552,391
* 6,684,809
10,203
* 18,090,361
* 5,000,482
1,218,769
1,763,612
* 3,298,521
168,758
* 1.38
7.01
.50
.49
16.54
3,331,185
156,353
2,938,721
5,691,439
10,431
15,904,530
4,642,979
1,076,785
1,446,165
2,820,807
174,732
1.39
6.88
.49
.50
16.75
d— 12. 1
— 7.8
—10.1
-17.4
—14.9
+ 2.2
18
19
20
21
22
23
* 14,035,001
198,789
5,851
2,043
* 2,153
* 11,450,142
6,292,789
* 1,263,816
* 306,450
* 1,531
.82
31.66
*216.00
150.00
0.711
12,128,129
176,259
7,482
2,080
c
10,161,468
5,954,991
1,676,000
328,600
.84
33.79
224.00
158.00
— 13.6
-11.3
+27.9
+ 1.8
24
25
26
27
28
28,199
* 1,571,797
* 117,895
* 4.18
b 26,000
2,004,600
b 107,400
b 4.12
d+27.5
— 7.8
29
30
—
♦$338,032,168
—
—
$333,697,782
—
d- 1.3
31
3,081
5,920,894
* 259,302
* 215,829
35,855
* 43,016,000
38,445
126,910,295
* 2,481,520
* 46,619,084
2,872,624
12.48
21.30
♦ 9.60
♦216.00
80.12
6
4
6
4
1,837
5,686,397
b 240,000
147,880
35,808
45,250,000
23,037
118,953,078
b 2,280,000
33,125,100
2,726,163
12.55
21.00
b 9.50
224.00
75.29
d+ 5.2
—40.1
— 4.0
— 7.5
-31.5
— 0.1
===
32
33
34
35
36
37
—
* 221,937,968
—
—
202,357,378
—
d- 8.8
38
—
♦$559,970,136 —
—
$536,'055,160
—
d- 4.3
39
c Not available where not given.
d Percent change in value from 1943.
e Other processed minerals produced ii
data for them are not available.
inois include pig lead, expanded vermiculite, alumina, phosphates, etc., but
12
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF
ILLINOIS MINERALS IN 1944
The mineral industry of Illinois in 1944
continued at a high rate of production.
The total value of minerals produced
during the year amounted to $333,697,782
as valued at the mine, quarry, or pit. This
was a decrease of $4,334,386 less than the
1943 production. The additional value of
$202,357,378 for mineral materials proc-
essed, but not mined, in Illinois brought
the total value of all minerals produced and
processed during 1944, for which data are
available, to $536,055,160. This was a
decrease of $23,914,976 from the all-time
high record established in 1943.
A summary of the production and value
of Illinois minerals in 1944 is presented in
table 1, with comparative data for 1942
and 1943. Detailed figures for each min-
eral are given in the various sections of this
report, to which reference is made in table 1.
The unit of quantity measurement used
for each mineral product is that commonly
used in the commercial handling of that
material. Wherever possible the net or
short ton of 2,000 pounds is used, but some
products are sold by the gallon, barrel,
cubic foot, or by the number of pieces. In
some materials, diversity of products makes
it impossible to give any measure of quan-
tity.
The value of each mineral product, in its
first marketable form, is given as its net
selling price at point of origin, without in-
cluding any transportation expense other
than that necessary in bringing it from the
mine to the place where it is made into a
marketable product. Wherever possible,
average or unit rates of value are given.
The quantity and value of metals are given,
not as those of the ores, but in terms of
the recovered metals.
Mineral production is considered as those
minerals or mineral materials which are
mined and sold or used by producers in
Illinois. Mineral materials which were
processed, but not mined, in Illinois are
shown separately. Every effort has been
made to avoid duplication.
Illinois has attained a position of im-
portance among the various states in the
production of several mineral materials.
Its rank both in quantity and value of these
materials is given in table 1. Mineral
products provided approximately 50 percent
of the tonnage handled by Illinois railroads.
In order to permit comparison of recent
mineral production with that in previous
years, figure 1 and table 2 are presented,
which show the value of annual mineral
production of Illinois from 1914 to 1944,
inclusive.
SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION
13
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
/ \
1 \
-MINERALS PRODUCED
AND PROCESSED
7\
1914 '15 20 '25 '30 '3 5 *40
Fig 1. — Value of annual mineral production in Illinois, 1914-1944.
45
14
ILLINOIS MINER/1 L INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 2. — Value of Illinois Mineral Production
Summary of Annual Values, 1914— 1944a
(In thousands oi dollars)
Year
Mineral
production
of Illinois
(thousands)
Minerals
processed, but
not mined, in
Illinois
(thousands)
Total
minerals produced
and processed
(thousands)
1914
15
16
17
18
19
1920
21
22
23
24
1925
$117,166
114,446
146,360
234,736
271,244
213,701
373,926
254,019
244,618
282,761
235 , 796
231,658
237,242
180,394
188.099
182,791
148,311
108,066
71,693
74,837
89,212
96.484
117,916
133,437
130,155
215.157
287,327
333 , 225
*341,835
*338,032
333,698
$ 44,843
82,871
130,082
144,754
149,740
95,077
137,228
54,136
85,820
142,131
95,506
118,702
119,642
105,099
110,622
125,516
89,303
52,014
24.385
34.786
41.405
57 038
78 . 693
104.359
50,482
86.324
114.814
168.338
* 199, 281
*221,938
202,357
$162,009
197,317
276,442
379,490
420,984
308,778
511,154
308,155
330,438
424,892
331,302
350,360
26
356,884
27
285,493
28
29
298,721
308,307
1930
237,614
31
160,080
32
96,078
33
109,623
34
130.617
1935
153,522
36
196,609
37
237,796
38
180,637
39
301,481
1940
402,141
41
501 , 563
42
*541,116
43 .
*559,970
44
536,055
* Revised figures.
"Compiled from following soul
For vears 1914-1922, Incl. U. S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources of United States.
1923-1931, " — U.S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Resources of United State-.
1932-1938, " — U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks.
1939-1944, " — Joint canvasses made by Illinois Geological Survey and U.
and from Minerals Yearbooks.
S. Bureau of Mines,
COAL PRODUCTION
15
COAL
Coal in 1944 — The National Picture Table 3.-
Under the stimulus of the war effort,
coal production in the nation rose to a high
level of 620,000,000 tons of bituminous
coal and 63,701,363 tons of anthracite.
This is an all-time high in coal production,
approached only in 1918 when the output
was 579,385,820 tons for bituminous coal
and 98,826 tons for anthracite.
Figures for bituminous coal production
since 1938 are shown in table 3.
-National Bituminous Coal Output
Since 1938a
Tonnage
output
in thousands
Percent
increase
by years
1938
1939
1940
1941
348,545
394,855
460,772
514,149
582,693
590,177
620,000
+ 13.3
+ 16.7
+ 11.6
1942*
+ 13.3
1943*. .
+ 1.3
1944. .
+ 5.0
PRODUCTION BY DISTRICTS
Coal production by districts is shown in
table 4 for three years — 1942, 1943, and
1944. Of particular interest are districts
east of the Mississippi River which pro-
duced 92.10 percent of the bituminous coal
output. Districts No. 5 in Michigan and
Xo. 7 in southern West Virginia lost in
tonnage over the previous year. All other
districts in price area Xo. 1 gained in
^ •*js'~'-
f\f
' (^
\ 5
3 ^~K
t~~~T
" /^C ~,~'
f\^S
J§ln
1 6"
JQi2/ ;
Ip^sN Si
/&i-^ — '
^
~-' f
/ i
V)
1 (
\/
BITUMINOUS COAL
PRODUCTION DISTRICTS
}
\ L-
EAST OF THE
UPr
t5^C
V\
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
jL^nJI
1
1
\
I O 100 200 300 MlCES
Fig. 2.
-Bituminous coal production districts east of the
Mississippi River.
* Revised figures.
a Compiled from U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks,
1939-1945. U. S. Bur. Mines Weekly Coal Report No.
W.C.R. 1442. March 10. 1945. Does not include mines
with annual production of less than 1,000 tons each.
tonnage output but showed a loss in per-
centage. On the other hand, gains in both
tonnage and percentage were registered in
Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky.
Mines in districts 7 and 8 worked prac-
tically to capacity in 1944 in an effort to
supply coking coal requirements of the iron
and steel industry. As a consequence,
the all-rail movement of coal west-
ward from these districts declined in
spite of a general increase in coal
demand. (See table 12.)
Although competition among pro-
ducing districts in price areas is keen,
there is a certain degree of market
specialization among the several
districts, based mainly on the char-
acteristics of the product.
Districts 2, 7, and 8 supply coking
coal for the blast furnaces and also a
high percentage of fuel used for do-
mestic heating. These two markets
are, in a sense, complementary. Coal
suitable for coking is also excellent
for domestic fuel. The small sizes
and screenings are therefore absorbed
by the coking coal market and the
prepared sizes find a ready outlet for
domestic fuel over a large area.
Districts 3, 4, 6, and 9 market
one-third or more of their output as
railroad fuel, whereas the remaining
districts distribute their output
among manufacturing industries,
utilities, railroads, and retail yards.
16
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Fig. 3. — Map of Illinois showing location of principal coal mining districts and coal beds
mined (see p. 17).
COAL PRODUCTION
17
Table 4.
-Bituminous Coal and Lignite, Production by Districts, 1942-1944
(In thousands of tons)
Price Area 1
Dist. 1. Eastern Pennsylvania . .
Dist. 2. Western Pennsylvania. .
Dist. 3. Northern West Virginia
Dist. 4. Ohio
Dist. 5. Michigan
Dist. 6. Panhandle
Dist. 7. Southern Numbered 1 . .
Dist. 8. Southern Numbered 2.
Total — Price Area 1
Dist. 9.
Dist. 10.
Dist. 11.
Dist. 12.
Price Area 2
W7est Kentucky
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Total — Price Area 2
Price Area 3
Dist. 13. Southeastern
Total — All Eastern Districts.
Percent of U. S. Total
Total — United States
1942£
Amount
58,164
88,853
38,883
32,764
231
5,505
64,596
121,510
410,506
13,431
65,071
25,388
2,948
106,838
20,871
538,215
582,693
Percent
of total
9.98
15.25
6.67
5.62
.04
.95
11.09
20.85
70.45
2.30
11.17
4.36
.51
18.34
3.58
92.37
1943'
Amount
Percent
of total
59,245
84,643
41,393
32,255
169
5,383
63,059
122,015
408,162
15,169
72,631
25,065
2,771
115,636
18,725
542,523
590,177
10.04
14.34
7.01
5.47
.03
.91
10.69
20.67
69.16
19.59
3.17
91.92
1944°
Amount
62,094
89,542
46,353
33,940
160
5,536
61,806
124,777
424,208
18,350
76,960
28,140
2,690
126,140
20,700
571,048
620,000
Percent
of total
10.01
14.44
7.48
5.47
.03
.89
9.97
20.13
78.42
2.96
12.41
4.54
.43
20.34
3.34
92.10
a Revised from Chapter "Bituminous Coal and Lignite" (preprint) U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbook, 1943, with
final statistics for 1942.
•' Revised from U. S. Bur. Mines Mineral Market Report No. 1238.
c Figures for 1944 are preliminary, as published in U. S. Bur. Mines Weekly Coal Report No. 1442. Mines with
annual production less than 1,000 tons each are not included.
Map. No.
1
2
3
4
Principal Coal Mining Districts and the Principal Coal Beds Mined
(See Fig. 3)
Mining District Coal Beds Mined
Wilmington (T ,, LaSalle (No. 2)
LaSalle, or Third Vein { Longwali LaSalle (No. 2)
Rock Island-Mercer (abandoned) Rock Island (No. 1)
Fulton-Peoria Herrin (No. 6)
Fulton-Peoria Springfield (No. 5)
Springfield Springfield (No. 5)
Danville Danville (No. 7)
Danville Grape Creek
Southwestern Illinois
a) Standard Herrin (No. 6)
b) Belleville Herrin (No. 6)
c) DuQuoin Herrin (No. 6)
Centralia Herrin (No. 6)
Murphysboro or Big Muddy (abandoned) Murphysboro
Franklin-Williamson Herrin (No. 6)
Franklin-Williamson Harrisburg (No. 5)
Saline County Herrin (No. 6)
Saline County Harrisburg (No. 5)
18
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Fable 5. — Production in Districts with Large All-Rail
Shipments to the Upper Mississippi Valley, 1941— 1944a
(In thousands of tons)
Districts 7 and 8
West Virginia, Kentucky,
Virginia
Districts 9, 10, 11
Illinois, Indiana,
Western Kentucky
Illinois
Amount
Index
Amount
Index
Amount
Index
1941
169,148
184,279
183,711
186,583
100
109
109
110
88,934
102,460
113,015
123,450
100
116
127
139
54,703
63,750
72,430
76,960
100
1942
117
1943
133
1944
139
Compiled from U. S. Bur. Mines Weekly Coal Reports. Does not include mines with annual production less than
1,000 tons each.
Table 6. — Bituminous Coal Production in the United States,
by States, 1940-1944*- b
(In thousands of tons)
1940
1941*
1942*
1943*
1944
15,324
174
3,100
6,589
42
51,872
18,869
3,231
6,676
40,346
8,795
1,503
410
2,867
1,111
2,284
22,772
116,603
6,008
621
3,576
15,348
1,650
I 126,438
5,808
17
15,464
239
3,345
6,949
40
55,366
22,484
2,939
7,153
42,130
11,580
1,701
311
3,254
1,251
2,380
29,319
130,240
7,045
353
4,077
18,441
1,841
140,250
6,646
15
19,301
261
4,372
8,086
31
65 , 746
25,388
2,948
7,750
48 , 800
13,431
2,001
231
3,829
1 , 669
2,591
32,764
144,073
8,158
304
5,517
20,136
1,953
155,882
8,133
13
17,160
289
4,556
8,324
14
73,345
25,065
2,771
7,747
48,042
15,169
1,933
169
4,833
1,851
2,500
32,255
141,050
7,179
153
6,666
20,280
1,528
158,804
9,155
53
18,955
Alaska
352
4,710
Colorado
8,110
21
Illinois*. .
77,400
28,140
Iowa
2,690
8,140
Kentucky:
Eastern
49,887
Western
18,350
1,960
Michigan
160
Montana
New Mexico
4,880
1,795
2,520
Ohio
33,940
Pennsylvania (bituminous)
148,800
7,400
Texas
130
Utah
7,120
Virginia
19,900
Washington
1,515
West Virginia:
Southern
\ 11,080
} 52,765
Northern
Wyoming
9,665
Other States"
15
Iotal
462,034
514,813
583,368—
590,891
620,440
* Revised figures.
a Compiled from the following sources:
For Illinois — Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, Annual Coal Reports.
For all other states — 1939-1943, inclusive. U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks, 1944, and Weekly Coal
Report, No. W.C.R. 1442, March 10, 1945. .
Figures for Illinois include production of all mines. Those for other states exclude mines having annual
production of less than 1,000 tons each. Production of small mines in Illinois is included m
"Total" in this table.
b Includes lignite.
c The states reporting are not identical from year to year.
COAL PRODUCTION
19
Table 7. — Production of Bituminous Coal in the
Eastern Interior Coal Field, 1939-1944a
(In thousands of tons)
Year
Illinois
Indiana
West Kentucky
Amount
Percentb
Amount
Percent b
Amount
Percent13
Total
1939
46,783
50,610
54,703
*65,071
*72,631
76,960
65.0
65.3
61.5
62.6
64.3
62.4
16,943
18,869
22,484
*25,388
*25,065
28,140
23.5
24.1
25.3
24.5
22.2
22.8
8,291
8,795
11,747
*13,431
*15,169
18,350
11.5
11.2
13.2
12.9
13.5
14.8
72,017
1940
1941
1942
78,274
88,934
* 103, 890
1943
*112,865
1944
123,450
* Revised figures.
» Compiled from U. S. Bur. of Mines Minerals Yearbooks, 1939-1943 and Weekly Coal Report No. 1442, March 10,
1945. Does not include mines with annual production of less than 1,000 tons each. Figures for years 1913-
1938 are found in Report of Investigations No. 94, page 17, table 4.
i) Percent of total in Eastern Interior coal field.
Table 8 — Illinois Coal Production, by Quarters
for the Years 1941-1944a
(In thousands of tons)
January-March . . .
April-June
July-September .
October-December
Total
1941
Amount
16,480
8,637
13,965
15,621
54,703
Percent
of total
30.12
15.79
25.53
28.56
100.00
1942 l
Amount
16,783
15,343
15,438
17,507
65,071
Percent
of total
25.79
23.58
23.73
26.90
100.00
1943'
Amount
18,819
15,755
19,405
18,652
72,631
Percent
of total
25.91
21.69
26.72
25.68
100.00
1944d
Amount
20,895
19,078
18,170
18,817
e76,960
Percent
of total
27.15
24.79
23.61
24.45
100.00
a Compiled from U. S. Bur. Mines Weekly Coal Reports. Does not include mines with annual production less tha:i
1,000 tons each.
b Revised from Chapter "Bituminous Coal and Lignite" (preprint), U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbook, 1943.
c Revised from U. S. Bur. Mines Mineral Market Report 1238.
d Preliminary report published in U. S. Bur. Mines Weekly Coal Report No. 1441.
e There is a discrepancy between figures used for Illinois in this table and in tables 4, 5, and 7, which were
taken from the U. S. Bur. of Mines preliminary report for 1944, and those used in other tables which were
taken from figures from the Illinois Dept. of Mines and Minerals Annual Coal Report for 1944.
Shipments from the principal competitors
of Illinois coal fields are shown in table 5.
Production of coal by states, for the years
1940-1944, is shown in table 6.
Coal in Illinois
Table 7 shows the coal production for
the years 1939—1944 inclusive in the
Eastern Interior basin. The production
history of these three competitive districts
and the contribution of each to the total
production of the Eastern Interior basin
from 1913 to 1942 is shown in table 4 of
Report of Investigations No. 94, page 17.
The coal industry of Illinois continued
to play an important role in the war effort
through 1944. During the war years,
Illinois mines not only contributed an in-
crease of tonnage but they increased their
percentage of the national output. These
increases for the years 1942-44 are estimated
at 25,000,000 tons above the normal peace
time ratio of the national total. In some
instances it has had the effect of drawing
severely upon developed reserves. The in-
crease in tonnage and percentage for the
years 1941 to 1944 is shown in table 8.
20
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
LEGEND
SHIPPING MINES
• UNDERGROUND
-•• STRIP
LOCAL MINES
O UNDERGROUND
-O- STRIP
"— ' BOUNDARY OF COAL MEASURES
Fig. 4. — Map of Illinois showing location of shipping coal mines and local mines that
had an annual production of 5,000 tons or more in 1943.
COAL PRODUCTION
21
Table 9. — Summary of Coal Production of all Illinois
(Detailed Table 9 on pages 22-23)
Mines a
1943
1944
Percent
Number
of
minesb
Tons
Number
of
minesb
Tons
change in
amount
from 1943
Strip mines:
Shipping
Local
26
22
15,484,712
1,313,727
30
18
17,108,528
967,594
+ 11.1
—26.4
48
16,798,439
48
18,076,122
+ 7.6
Underground mines:
Shipping
Local
116
326
53,486,909
3,059,413
c135
224
56,850,395
2,473,514
+ 6.3
— 19.2
Total
442
56,546,322
c359
59,323,909
+ 4.9
Totals
c489
73,344,761
406
77,400,031
+ 5.5
a Compiled from Illinois Dept. Mines and Minerals, Sixty-third Annual Coal Report, 1944.
b Number of mines reporting production.
c One mine operated both strip and underground.
The heavy demands upon the producing
districts in the Eastern Interior coal basin
grew out of the restraints imposed upon
shipments from districts Nos. 7 and 8 in
West Virginia and eastern Kentucky in an
effort to meet industrial fuel requirements
in the eastern states. Again, as in 1942
and 1943, there was sustained mining ac-
tivity in Illinois during the summer months
(table 8).
DATA BY TYPE OF MINE
Illinois coal production for 1944 is
shown in table 9 by type of mine, giving
counties and mine inspection districts.
Local mines are defined as those which do
not ship coal by rail. Table 1 1 summarizes
the same data for the decade 1935—1944.
Table 10. — Production of Bituminous Coal in
Illinois and the United States,
by Months, 1944a
(In thousands of tons)
Month
January. .
February.
March . . .
April
May
June
July
August. . .
September
October . .
November
December
Small mines and undis-
tributed in Illinois0.
Total
United
States
54,102
52,817
54,880
49,510
53,930
52,712
48,986
54,177
50,480
51,813
50,819
45,774
620,000
440
620,440
Illinois
Amount Percent*3
7,078
6,821
6,996
6,163
6,475
6,440
5,860
6,499
5,811
6,319
6,158
6,340
76,960
440
d77,400
13.08
12.72
12.75
12.45
12.01
12.22
11.97
11.91
11.51
12.39
12.12
13.85
12.37
aU. S. Bur. Mines, Weekly Coal Report No. W.C.R. 1441,
March 3, 1945; W.C.R. 1442, March 10, 1945.
b Percent of U. S. total production.
c Mines with annual production less than 1,000 tons each.
d Illinois Dept. Mines and Minerals, Annual Coal Report, 1944.
" Average.
22
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 9. — Coal Production of All Illinois Mines,
(In
Mine
Inspec-
tion
District
1
4
13
5
10
3
11
7
1
3
9
[3
7
3
1
1
2
14
4
6
7
13
1
4
14
6
2
9
9
14
11
4
14
2
2
5
14
13
1
12
2
County
Bureau
Christian
Clinton
Edgar
Franklin
Fulton
Gallatin
Greene
Grundy
Henry
Jackson
Jefferson
Jersey
Knox
LaSalle
Livingston
Logan
McDonough
Macon. .
Macoupin
Madison
Marion
Marshall
Menard
Mercer
Montgomery
Peoria
Perry
Randolph
Rock Island
St. Clair
Saline
Sangamon
Schuyler
Stark
Tazewell
Vermilion
Warren
Washington
Will
Williamson
Woodford
Number of mines ....
Total produced — 1944
Shipping Mines
Strip
No.
of
11
30
Tons
6,373,429
94,408
583,115
1,939,780
114,324
2,766,485
1,057,048
273,564
573,256
235,508
30,463
1,779,552
858,568
17,108,528
Underground
No.
of
24
1
135
Tons
19,543
7,880,902
366,843
18,173,694
191,064
46,053
523,436
,417,266
478,034
114,345
112,367
5,518,050
1,804,199
302,274
982,346
331,117
1,835,861
1,608,649
1,891,872
3,917,185
2,761,786
2,248,596
525,688
3,206,931
21,322
56,850,395
Total
No.
of
2
2
27
1
164
Tons
19,543
7,880,902
366,843
18,173,694
6,564,493
46,053
617,844
3,000,381
478,034
2,054,125
226,691
5,518,050
1,804,199
302,274
982,346
331,117
4,602,346
2,665,697
2,165,436
4,490,441
2,761,786
235,508
2,279,059
525,688
1,779,552
4,065,499
21,322
73,958,923
a Compiled from Illinois Dept. Mines and Minerals, Sixty-third Annual Coal Report, 1944.
b Number of mines reporting production.
c One mine reported both strip and underground operations.
COAL PRODUCTION
23
by Type of Mine, and by Counties, 1944'
tons)
Local Mixes
Strip
Underground
Xo.
of-
ls
Tons
100,920
30,237
,700
23
6,014
2,899
800
19,200
796,133
200
8,968
500
967,594
Xo.
of
Tons
1
2
29
6
1
5
4
33
5
4
3
12
6
8
10
4
3
20
1
2
30
224
15,332
41,408
201 , 645
23,200
42
51,645
24,774
32
78,665
22,893
234
52,338
773
38,167
310,433
1,053
46,791
1,377
293,034
27,935
29,745
1,941
153,867
13,707
149,226
21,408
809
128,223
155,155
4,313
9,671
573,678
Total
Xo.
of
29
6
1
1
5
5
1
1
3
4
3
. 2
4
1
33
6
4
3
14
6
8
11
4
3
23
1
2
31
242
Tons
100,920
15,332
41,408
201 , 645
23,200
42
30,237
51,645
26,474
23
32
78,665
28,907
3,133
52,338
773
38,167
310,433
1,853
46,791
1,377
293,034
47,135
29,745
1,941
950,000
13,707
149,226
21,608
809
128,223
164,123
County Total
313
671
574,178
Xo.
of
3
2
13
43
7
1
1
7
2
1
7
7
3
2
4
1
9
15
1
4
7
2
1
34
16
12
3
30
lx
17
13
4
3
29
1
4
2
58
1
Tons
406
120,463
7,896,234
366,843
41,408
18,173,694
6,766,138
69,253
42
30,237
669,489
3,026,855
478,057
32
2,132,790
255,598
3,133
52,338
773
38,167
5,518,050
2,114,632
302,274
1,853
46,791
1,377
982,346
624,151
4,649,481
2,695,442
1,941
3,115,436
4,504,148
2,911,012
257,116
809
128,223
2,443,182
4,313
535,359
1,779,552
4,639,677
21,322
2,473,514
3,441.108
77,400,031
Per-
cent
of
State
total
.16
10.22
.47
.05
23.22
8.73
.09
.04
.86
3.92
.62
2.75
.33
.07
.05
7.11
2.72
.39
.06
1.27
.81
6.00
3.78
4.02
5.81
3.76
.32
.17
3.16
.01
.70
2.30
6.00
.03
100.00
Mine
Inspec-
tion
District
1
4
13
5
10
3
11
7
1
3
9
13
7
3
1
1
2
14
4
6
7
13
1
4
14
6
2
9
9
14
Summary given on page 21.
24
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
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co co co co co
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Q
(LI fcO *""/
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C C
0.5
c e c; rj
« o a-* "r
if.'?. «^"
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c ~ re ■<*■ "■>
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3 5
COAL PRODUCTION
25
BU
_
/
-
60
-
/'
~/\ \
/ /
50
/ \ Y^T0TAL ILLINOIS /-^ /
\ \
\ \
\ \
/ i \\ / i*'
30
20
lVW
S i
I
i
1
s
s
\
^— tot;
JNDERGF
*OUND /
/
/
/
\
/
/
/
/
'^-UND
(MACI-
ERGROUND
11ME1 LOADED)
/
/
/
/
/
\
\
\ \
*
^UNDERGROUND ^-
10
"f"^ (HAND LOADED) .,
/
1
l
-STRIP
l
MINED
1
_.
1
:
1928 -30 "32 "34 '36 '38 '40 42 44
Fig. 5. — Annual production of Illinois coal, classified by mining
methods, 1928-1944.
Coal Distribution in the Illinois
Coal Market Territory
the market area
Illinois supplies substantial quantities of
coal to eleven states in the Upper Mississippi
and Missouri valleys and minor quantities in
several additional states. The principal
market states are Illinois, Indiana, Mich-
igan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota and
Arkansas. In this same area also are mar-
keted vast quantities of coal from West
Virginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Virginia,
Ohio, and Indiana. This Upper Mississippi
Valley is a battle ground for competing fuels
from widelv separated regional sources.
(See table 12.)
The complex nature of the coal market
in this industrial area is indicated by the
diverse nature of coal requirements such
as coking coal, domestic fuel, railroad and
industrial fuel, the various producing dis-
tricts contributing to this market, and the
competing all-rail and rail-lake transporta-
tion over which the coal is delivered to these
markets.
THE ALL-RAIL MOVEMENT
The all-rail movement, exclusive of rail-
way fuel, supplied 72,000,000 tons in 1944
of which Illinois supplied approximately
43,000,000 tons (table 12). The heavy
movement from eastern producing districts,
particularly in West Virginia and eastern
26
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
Table 12. — Origin and Destination of Revenue Railroad Shipments of Coal from
(Exclusive of non-
(In
Origin
Destination:
Chicago
District
Illinois,
otherb
Mil-
waukee,
Wis.
Wis-
consin,
other
Council
Bluffs,
Iowa0
Iowa,
other
1943
Western Pennsylvania
Central Pennsylvania, Somerset-Myersdale
Cumberland-Piedmont
Fairmont, West Virginia
Northern and Eastern Ohio
Southern Ohio
Kanawha, Logan, Kenova-Thacker
New River-Winding Gulf, Pocahontas-Tug
River
N. E. Kentucky, McRoberts
Virginia
Hazard, Harlan, S. Appalachians
Ex-river coal
Northern Illinois
Central and Southern Illinois
Indiana
Western Kentucky
Grand total
Percent of change from 1942
115,385
24,905
53,156
1,618
13,989
2,351,381
9,439,189
3,376,031
338,928
2,698,608
12,617
933,613
7,266,187
3,187,672
961,089
30,774,368
+3.
21,386
8,652
9,396
820
172,296
498,514
117,029
45,225
469,923
4,915,921
12,823,159
1,407,702
424,638
20,914,661
+5.1
32
154
49
379
2,662
157,051
1,370
905
307
652
156,140
242,675
778
563,154
+ 10.6
13,113
340
1,472
451
36,191
662,510
29,179
64,745
62,142
196,708
1.812,833
757,799
193,776
3,831,259
+3.0
581
164
500
308
11,965
171,019
27,857
6,730
219,124
+ 197.7
12,470
788
1,393
160
174,297
82,628
172,195
13,453
596,212
1,609,638
2,350,461
499,621
318,271
5,831,587
+7.5
1944
Western Pennsylvania
Central Pennsylvania, Somerset-Myersdale,
Cumberland-Piedmont
Fairmont, West Virginia
Northern and Eastern Ohio
Southern Ohio
Kanawha, Logan, Kenova-Thacker
New River-Winding Gulf, Pocahontas-Tug
River
N. E. Kentucky
Virginia
Hazard, Harlan S. Appalachians
Ex-river coal
Northern Illinois
Central and Southern Illinois
Indiana
Western Kentucky
Grand total
Percent of change from 1943
779
19,089
44,391
6,790
7,956
2,300,417
7,687,840
3,124,223
299,815
2,677,139
13,276
760,017
7,498,802
3,027,145
1,046,862
28,514,541
-7.3
29,332
7,419
10,303
485
196,177
431,662
121,772
42,168
420,785
5,087,769
14,605,898
1,475,604
428,312
22,848,686
+9.2
149
1,834
6,932
154,355
1,461
261
103
140,221
274,953
1,122
581,391
+3.2
10,149
3,187
45,844
559,747
24,887
59,456
52,087
123,751
1,876,113
821,620
164,597
3,741,438
-4.0
30
294
215
154
98
112,079
31,182
4,917
148,969
-32.0
13,153
2,411
176,445
68,335
160,887
13,766
539,583
1,722,852
2,498,736
577,047
261,474
6,034,689
+3.5
a Data from U. S. Dept. Interior, Bituminous Coal Div., Solid Fuels Adm. for War, and Bureau of Mines, Monthly
Coal Distribution Report No. 160.
b Includes Davenport, Iowa, for shipments from Ohio and the Crescent, and includes Davenport, Bettendorf, and
Iowanna, Iowa, for shipments from Illinois, Indiana and Western Kentucky, excluding East St. Louis, Illinois.
COAL DISTRIBUTION
27
Illinois, Indiana, Western Kentucky and the Appalachian Fields in 1943 and 1944a
revenue railroad fuel)
tons)
St.
Louis,
Mo.'1
Kan-
sas
City,
Mo.e
St.
Joseph,
Mo. f
Mis-
souri,
other
Kan-
sas,
other
Ne-
braska,
other
Minne-
sota
South
Da-
kota
North
Da-
kota
Total
1943
85
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
136,888
.2
53,181
968
991
389
1,377
1,718
1,074
7,804
54
859
—
127,268
64,751
5,303
14,979
3,080,805
.2
.1
328,877
—
—
449
—
175
13,875
438
—
4.3
709,201
456
206,278
28,482
—
—
432
307
564
57
76
1,015
53
1,131
131,724
22,429
7,955
29,408
6,893
2,118
803
1,335
—
11,688,275
3,722,129
678,845
3,888,420
12,617
7,724,723
32,659,132
6,272,520
2,117,963
16.2
5.2
.9
5.4
100
4.602,407
14,428
81,765
601
376,320
101
30,580
12,848
2,181,694
1,150
57,745
97,073
9,592
10,750
233,551
12,319
6,673
28,927
472,311
106,435
45,444
3,000
94,486
5,169
20,380
911
674
10.7
45.2
8.7
2.9
6,026,228
378,013
30,969
2,256,566
108,440
256,817
866,366
135,481
1,585
72,194,618
100.0
+7.6
+282.9
+ 172.4
+ 18.9
—32.2
+56.9
+6.6
—25.7
+ 104.3
+5.5
1944
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
30,111
—
50,305
758
660
54
195
1,306
1,164
1,468
6,805
443
652
—
112,544
63,381
7,275
.2
.1
312,888
—
94
232
—
406
16,393
399
—
7,956
3,056,521
4.2
616,372
2,027
126,966
23,029
34
_
53
665
123
51
112
659
1,643
84,472
16,067
7,193
25,746
5,260
1,550
700
1,178
—
9,608,527
3,453,584
550,378
3,742,112
13,276
7,746,001
35,596,149
6,373,216
2,064,275
13.3
4.8
.8
5.1
5,243,887
13,977
37,474
248
288,140
2,566
38,494
1,054
2,275,844
838
56,251
89,808
500
20,622
241,437
6,639
2,774
26,877
577,183
134,873
43,327
11,713
108,934
6,272
15,629
573
1,536
10.7
49.1
8.8
2.9
6,427,683
291,702
38,783
2,336,243
91,646
275,760
939,379
152,287
2,109
72,425,306
100.0
+6.7
—22.8
+25.2
+3.5
—15.5
+7.4
+8.4
+ 12.4
+33.1
+ .3
c Includes Omaha and South Omaha, Nebraska.
d Includes East St. Louis, Illinois.
e Includes Kansas City, Kansas.
f Includes Atchison and Leavenworth, Kansas.
28
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
Kentucky, consists largely of coking coal and
the large sizes of the same type of coal for
use in the domestic market.
Certain changes in 1944 worthy of note
are the substantial decline in shipments from
the New River and Pocahontas districts in
West Virginia and a corresponding increase
in shipments from southern Illinois as com-
pared with 1943.
LAKE SHIPMENTS OF COAL
The lake trade in coal in the past has
been exclusively a movement of coal from
Appalachian producing districts to lake port
markets on Lakes Huron, Michigan, and
Superior.
The data on lake shipments of coal from
Appalachian fields do not specify the des-
tinations of coal originating in each field.
Some inferences regarding the destinations
can be made, however, from the nature of
the market. In table 13 is shown the origin
of lake cargo coal in the years 1942, 1943,
and 1944. As noted in this table, the bulk
of the shipments comes from Pennsylvania
and from the low-, medium-, and high-
volatile coal districts of southern West Vir-
ginia and eastern Kentucky. Shipments
from the low- and medium-volatile coal
fields consist of screenings destined to the
coke ovens of the Chicago district. Coal
from Pennsylvania is destined to Upper
Lake Michigan and Lake Superior ports,
both in the prepared sizes and as screenings
for domestic and industrial fuel. The
heavy demand for coking coal resulting
from the wartime expanded steel industry
in the Chicago district caused a substantial
increase in shipments of coking coal from
the low-volatile coal districts in southern
West Virginia in 1944. Total shipments
fell off somewhat. This is explained by
the heavy war requirements of eastern in-
dustries and a resultant shortage of coal
(other than coking coal) for shipments to
the northwest. Total receipts from Ap-
palachian fields at upper lake ports are
shown in table 14.
The reduction in freight rates on coal
from mines in Illinois, Indiana and western
Kentucky to Chicago for transshipment to
upper lake ports, and the heavy demands of
war on all coal producing districts, resulted
in lake shipments from Eastern Interior
fields and provided a summer load for the
mines. Shipments from Illinois and western
Kentucky totaled 1,062,301 tons in 1943
and 1,450,143 in 1944. Illinois contributed
909,366 tons in 1944 and western Ken-
tucky 540,777 tons (table 15). There were
no shipments from Indiana.
COAL SHIPMENTS TO TIDEWATER
A total of 188,525 tons of coal were
shipped from Illinois districts to tidewater
for transshipment to South American
markets. This movement probably will
cease after wartime demands for coal on
eastern fields decline and British coal also
becomes available for the export markets.
Table 13. — Origin of Lake Cargo Coal from Appalachian Fields, 1942-1944
(In thousands of tons)
From
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Moundsville, West Virginia
Fairmont, Cumberland, Piedmont. .
Southern West Virginia — low volatile. .
Southern West Virginia — high volatile .
Eastern Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia
Total
1942 s
1943b
1944*
171
305
358
420
160
746
295
49,455
4,682
8,409
406
2,357
14,256
8,653
8,692
47,455
4,995
10,568
395
3,283
10,797
13,902
11,551
55,491
a U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 147, June 13, 1944.
bU. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 159, April 16, 1945.
COAL DISTRIBUTION
29
Table 14. — Lake Cargo Shipments and Receipts
of Coal at Upper Lake Docks, 1934-1944a
(In thousands of tons)
Bituminous
Recei
pts at
coal loaded
Total
Year
into vessels
Lake
Lake
receipts
at Lake Erie
Superior
Michigan
ports
ports
ports b
1934..
34,869
8,023
4,535
12,558
1935..
34,730
6,829
4,043
10,872
1936..
44,011
9,358
5,114
14,472
1937..
43,645
9,115
4,822
13,937
1938..
34,173
6,614
3,758
10,372
1939..
39,837
6,515
4,229
10,744
1940..
46,548
6,991
4,436
11,427
1941 . .
49,733
8,356
4,830
13,186
1942..
47,815
8,108
5,068
13,176
1943..
46,059
9,455
4,982
14,437
1944..
53,981
9,417
5,277
14,694
* U. S. Bituminous Coal Div., Monthly Coal Distribution
Reports.
b Ports on Lake Michigan north of Waukegan.
Table 15. — Lake Shipments of Coal from the
Eastern Interior Basin, 1944a
Month
January. .
February.
March
April
May
June
July
August . . .
September
October. . .
November
December.
Total. . .
West
Ken-
tucky
28,624
52,118
94,566
99,055
89,226
84,909
56,100
28,614
5,462
2,103
540,777
Illinois
51,316
89,836
154,430
173,501
146,128
183,708
74,412
36,035
909,366
Total
79,940
141,954
248,996
272,556
235,354
268,617
130,512
64,649
5,462
2,103
1,450,143
a U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Reports Nos.
149-160 inclusive.
* No shipments from Indiana.
METROPOLITAN MARKETS
Sources of coal for the two principal
metropolitan markets for Illinois coal are
shown in tables 16 and 17.
COAL PRICES IN 1944
Coal prices — mine, lake cargo, and re-
tail— were subject to price ceilings imposed
by the Office of Price Administration.
During 1944 only minor changes occurred
in mine prices of coal in those districts
serving the markets of the Upper Missis-
sippi Valley (table 18).
COAL CONSUMPTION BY STATES AND USES
The distribution of coal by states and by
sizes from each producing district has been
made available for the first time in 1944 by
the United States Bureau of Mines and the
Solid Fuels Administrator for War. Tables
19—22 provide the pertinent data for coal
originating in or shipped into the Illinois
coal market area.
30
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
Table 16. — Sources of All-Rail Coal Destined for Chicago, 1942-1944
(In tons)
1942a
1943 a
1944b
Percent of
change 1944
from 1943
Western Pennsylvania
5,023
18,147
137,776
1,195
2,433
2,327,548
9,755,335
2,681,672
283,062
3,341,359
41,377
820,140
6,079,795
3,596,192
767,164
115,385
24,905
53,156
1,618
13,989
2,351,381
9,439,189
3,376,031
338,928
2,698,608
12,617
933,613
7,266,187
3,187,672
961,089
779
19,089
44,391
6,790
7,956
2,300,417
7,687,840
3,124,223
299,815
2,677,139
13,276
760,017
7,498,802
3,027,145
1,046,862
+
+
+
+
99.3
Central Pennsylvania, Somerset-Myersdale Cum-
berland-Piedmont
23.7
Fairmont, West Virginia
16.5
Northern and eastern Ohio
319.6
43.1
Kanawha, Logan and Kenova-Thacker
2.2
New River-Winding Gulf and Pocahontas-Tug
River
18.5
Northeast Kentucky and McRoberts
7.5
14.5
Hazard, Harlan, and Southern Appalachian
.8
5.2
Northern Illinois
18.6
Central and southern Illinois
3.2
5.1
Western Kentucky
8.9
Total
29,858,216
30,774,368
28,514,541
c
7.3
Percent of Chicago total supplied by Illinois
23.1
26.6
28.9
•' U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 148, July 5, 1944.
"U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 160, April 26, 1945.
c Average.
Table 17. — Sources of Coal
Destined for
St. Louis, 1942-1944
From
1942 :i
1943a
1944b
Percent of
change 1944
from 1943
Central Pennsylvania
32,660
1,128
219,782
640,871
301,455
22,239
4,229,879
17,115
135,184
53,266
968
328,877
709,201
206,734
28,482
4,602,507
14,428
81,765
50,305
758
312,888
616,372
128,993
23,029
5,243,887
13,977
37,474
— 11.2
- 21.7
- 4.7
New River, West Virginia
- 11.7
Virginia, Northeast Kentucky
- 37.5
— 19.2
+ 13.9
3.1
Western Kentucky
- 54.1
Total
5,600,313
6,026,228
6,427,683
c+ 6.6
Percent of St. Louis total received from Illinois . .
75.5
76.4
81.6
•U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 148, July 3, 1944.
bU. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 160, April 26, 1945.
c Average.
COAL PRICES
31
Table 18.
-Coal Mine Prices, December 1943 and December 1944a
(Per ton)
December, 1943
December, 1944
$ 3.35
$
3.30
3.30
3.30
2.55- 3.00
2.55-
3.00
2.10- 2.35
2.40
2.05
2.10
2.60
2.60
2.45- 3.00
2.45-
3.20
2.40- 2.60
2.45-
3.00
2.05- 2.50
2.35-
2.70
1.75- 2.40
2.05-
2.60
1.60- 2.10
1.75-
2.35
2.25- 2.65
2.00-
2.65
2.70- 2.95
2.70-
2.95
2.60- 2.85
2.60-
2.85
1.95- 2.40
1.95-
2.40
1.95- 2.40
1.95-
2.40
1.85- 2.05
1.85-
2.05
2.50- 2.60
2.50-
2.60
2.55- 3.00
2.55-
3.00
2.45- 2.60
2.45-
2.60
1.85- 2.10
1.85-
2.10
2.30- 2.45
2.30-
2.45
1.75- 1.90
1.75-
1.90
2.40- 2.45
2.40-
2.45
3.65- 4.35
3.95
3.65- 4.45
4.05
4.10- 4.15
4.10
3.40- 3.55
3.55
3.35- 3.45
3.45
3.70- 3.80
3.80
3.45- 3.65
3.45-
3.65
2.70- 2.90
2.70-
2.90
4.70
5.25
4.35
4.35-
4.40
4.35
4.35-
4.40
3.50
4.05
4.05-
■ 4.15
2.70
2.90-
- 3.10
3.10- 3.45
3.50-
- 3.80
2.75- 3.05
3.20-
- 3.55
3.20
3.10
3.05- 3.25
3.40-
- 3.80
2.75- 2.80
Southern Illinois
Freight rate to Chicago, $2.05 a ton
Lump
Egg
Nut
Washed screenings
Screenings
Mine run
Central Illinois
Freight rate to Chicago, $1.75 a ton
Lump
Egg
Nut .
Washed screenings
Screenings
Mine run
Indiana, No. 4
Freight rates to Chicago, $1.65 and $1.75 a ton
Lump
Egg
Stoker nut
Nut..
Screenings
Mine run
Indiana, No. 5
Freight rates to Chicago, $1.65, $1.87, $1.90 a ton
Lump
Egg
Stoker nut
Nut..
Screenings
Mine run
West Virginia Smokeless, New River and Pocahontas
Freight rates to Chicago, $3.39 a ton
Lump
Egg
Stove
Nut
Stoker pea
Mine run (Dom.)
Straight mine run
Slack
Briquets
Eastern Kentucky, Millers Creek — Great Heart
Freight Rate to Chicago, $3.19 a ton
Block
Furnace
Small egg
Stoker nut
Screenings
East Kentucky, West Virginia, High Volatile
Freight rate to Chicago, $3.19 a ton
Block
Furnace
Small egg
Stoker nut
Screenings
32
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 18. — (Concluded)
December, 1944
West Kentucky, No. 9 and No. 11
Freight rate to Chicago, $2.40 a ton
Lump, 6 "
Egg,6"x3"
Stoker nut
Screenings
Mine run
Western Kentucky, No. 6
Freight rate to Chicago, $2.40 a ton
Lump, 6 "
Egg,6"x3"
Stoker nut
Screenings
Western Kentucky, No. 14
Freight rate to Chicago, $2.40 a ton
Lump, 6"
Egg,6"x3"
Nut,3"x2"
Chestnut
Screenings, 2"
Anthracite
Freight rate to Chicago from mines in Pennsylvania, $4.26 a ton
Grate, egg, stove, chestnut
Pea
Buckwheat
Rice
Coke
F.o.b. dealers yards in Chicago, f.o.b. ovens, 75 cents a ton less
Egg, range, nut
Pea
Foundry (at Chicago ovens)
2.25- 2.40
2.20- 2.40
1.85- 2.50
1.65- 1.95
2.10- 2.30
2.70
2.70
3.10
2.45
2.45
2.45
2.45
2.20
2.00
7.85
6.30
4.65
3.75
14.80
13.80
• Chicago Journal of Commerce.
Table 19. — Coal Consumed in the Illinois Coal Market Area (Exclusive
of Railroad Fuel), 1944a
Total
Distribution of total production (all rail) from Mines in U. S.
Illinois 41,849,010
Wisconsin 4,289,562
Iowa 6,937,902
Kansas 2,494,774
Minnesota 1 ,525, 182
Missouri 8,045,783
Nebraska 2,271,734
North Dakota 55,037
South Dakota 468,329
Waterborne Shipments Via Lake and Tidewater Summaries by Consumer States of
Destination
Illinois 2,373, 177
Wisconsin 8,637,206
Iowa 110,831
Kansas
Minnesota 3,733,429
Missouri
Nebraska 10,216
North Dakota 200,586
South Dakota 348,114
COAL CONSUMPTION
Table 19. — (Concluded)
33
Total
Total Shipments to Consumers — All Movements and Uses
Illinois 44,222, 187
Wisconsin 12,926,768
Iowa 7,048,733
Kansas 2,494,774
Minnesota 5 , 258 , 61 1
Missouri 8,045,783
Nebraska 2,281 ,950
North Dakota 255 , 623
South Dakota 816,443
Grand Total 83,350,872
a U. S. Bur. Mines, Monthly Coal Distribution Report Xos. 149-160.
Table 20. — Distribution- of Bituminous Coal Produced in Illinois, 1944a
(In tons)
Disposal
Amount
Disposal
All-rail, river, ex-river ^excluding rail-
road fuel)
Total for United States
Middle Atlantic
Pennsylvania
East North-Central
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Ohio....
Wisconsin
West North-Central
Iowa
Kansas
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
South Dakota
South Atlantic
North Carolina
East South-Central
Alabama
Kentucky
Mississippi
Tennessee
West South-Central
Arkansas
Louisiana
41,798,487
171
26,901,642
2,083,839
338,650
684
2,282,657
4,135,399
117,652
1,104,778
3,964,307
282,286
520
132,421
29,862
3,517
931
34,768
127,895
203,972
27,866
Pacific _
Washington.
Unspecified. . .
Canada
Railroad fuel.
Tidewater . . .
Lake
Distributors or wholesalers 'destina-
nation and use unknown;
Truck
Private railways, tramways, and
conveyors
Coal used at mines
Net change in inventory.
Total
Percentage of estimated production.
Amount
235
24,435
296
25,278,169
188.525
909,366
183,129
5,496,338
122,266
1,107,120
+23,325
75,107,201
97.8
» Data from U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Reports Xos. 146-160, July 11, 194-1 — April 26, 1945.
b Also includes byproduct and smithing coal shipped by all methods of transportation except by lake and tidewater.
34
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 21. — Shipments of Bituminous Coal by Sizes, from Illinois, 1944*
(In tons)
Amount
Percent
All lump coal and all double screened coal with top size over 2 inches
All double screened coal with top size not exceeding 2 inches
Modified mine-run, domestic mine-run, screened mine-run, and altered mine-
run and minus resultant with top size over 2 inches
All minus resultant and dedusted screenings with top size over % inch and not
exceeding 2 inches
All minus resultant and dedusted screenings with top size not exceeding % inch
Total
Size not reported
Coal used at mines
Grand Total
24,079,291
4,108,790
16,427,931
25,371,284
3,552,531
73,539,827
436,929
1,107,120
32.8
5.6
22.3
34.4
4.8
100.0
75,107,201
Data from U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Reports.
Table 22. — Source of Bituminous Com. Shipped
to Illinois, 1944a (Exclusive of Railroad
Fuel)
(In tons)
District No.
Total
1 11,422
2 9,770
3 57,055
4 9,700
5 —
6 —
7 5,307,105
8 5,236,211
9 698,410
10 26,901,642
11 3,616,355
12 —
13 56
14 266
15 1,018
Total 41,849,010
■ U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Reports, Nos. 149-160, July
11, 1944— April 26, 1945.
Degree-Days in 1944
Because of the close relationship between
the number of degree-days accumulated dur-
ing the heating season and the quantity of
fuels consumed, a degree-day map of Illi-
nois and a table showing degree-day records
for the past heating season compared with
the normal is useful in estimating domestic
fuel consumption. In this issue a modified
degree-day map has been prepared in which
county boundaries are used to mark the
boundaries of degree-day belts. While this
results in some inaccuracies, the purpose is
to show the number and types of heating
units in each degree-day belt. Since these
latter are reported by county units only, it
was necessary to prepare a map in which
boundaries of degree-day belts conformed
to the nearest county boundary.
DEGREE DAYS
35
Table 23. — Types of Heating Equipment, by Degree-Day Districts3
Units With Central Heating
District No.
Coal
Wood
Gas
Fuel oil
Total
Other fuel
and not
reporting
j
60,076
807,045
101,484
140,604
55,464
36,169
9,426
45,379
134,419
1,250
1,099
841
535
680
163
34
129
56
1,166
30,100
1,435
5,420
804
127
13
4,868
3,650
5,820
46,366
3,301
3,109
854
720
40
6,486
4,802
68,312
884,610
107,061
149,668
57,802
37,179
9,513
56,862
142,927
685
2
3
12,138
872
4
2,741
5
783
6
240
7
82
8 St. Louis, Mo.
St. Louis County.
St. Louis City ....
204
1,399
Total
1,390,066
4,787
47,583
71,498
1,513,934
19,144
Units Without Central Heating
District No.
Coal
Wood
Gas
Fuel oil
Gas
or
Kero.
Total
Other fuel
and not
reporting
None
1
19,753
224,896
57,043
112,727
90,881
78,043
48,115
13,422
83,434
3,002
3,991
4,319
8,847
28,595
14,895
7,777
1,671
295
117
5,529
238
864
1,641
704
26
130
752
3,958
87,642
3,008
2,168
1,712
636
126
656
2,928
152
581
294
357
858
278
102
136
156
26,982
322,639
64,902
124,963
123,687
94,556
56,146
16,015
87,565
96
1,235
319
495
581
258
162
62
272
26
2
318
3
69
4
79
5
105
6
48
7
87
8 St. Louis, Mo.
St. Louis Co. . . .
St. Louis City.. .
25
247
Total
728,314
73,392
10,001
102,834
2,914
917,455
3,480
1,004
a Source: U. S. Census, Housing, Illinois, 2nd. Series, 1939.
Degree-days are the number of degrees
of temperature that the average temperature
for each day falls below 65° Fahrenheit.
These are totaled for each month and a
cumulative total for the heating season
through each month is determined. These
data averaged over a long period of time
give a reliable guide to the fuel needs of the
locality in which the temperatures are re-
corded. This information is given in table
16, Report of Investigations No. 87.
Figure 6 shows the modified degree-
day belts of the state numbered from
1 to 8. District 8 comprises St. Louis
City and county and is included in the
tabulations because of the interest of
the Illinois coal industry in this large
market.
In table 23 is shown the number of heat-
ing units by each type of fuel used, for each
of the degree-day belts outlined on the
map.
36
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
7000
, . V DAVIESS STEPHENSON
(6750-7250)
6000
, A MERCER
(5750- 6250)
"?1 1
5500
( 5250-5 750)
5000
(4750- 5250)
4 500
(4250 - 4750)
Scale of Miles
IO 30 30 40 SO
4000
(3 750- 4250)
Fig. 6.-Degree-day districts, with averages and ranges. Degree-days are the number of degrees of tem-
flrl"re average daily temperature falls below 65° F., and are totalled for the heating
season.
DEGREE DAYS
37
Table 24. — Degree-Days for 47 Illinois Cities During 1944 and 1945, by Months,
Compared with Normal Average Over the Period During Which
Records Have Been Kept* b
Month
Aurora
(Pop. 47,170)
Bloomington
(Pop. 32,868)
Cairo
(Pop. 14,407)
Carbondale
(Pop. 8,550)
Mc
Ac
M
A
M
A
M
A
September
0
403
690
1,364
1,457
1,064
527
450
341
30
403
810
1,178
1,333
1,120
930
510
186
0
403
630
1,271
1,333
924
279
330
248
0
310
720
1,085
1,209
1,316
806
300
62
0
93
450
961
961
700
248
120
31
0
155
510
806
899
756
527
210
0
0
186
510
1,054
1,054
784
310
210
93
0
October
155
November
540
December
January
686
930
February
784
March
558
April
240
May . .
0
Total
6,296
6,500
5,418
5,808
3,564
3,863
4,201
4,075
Departure from normal
—204
—390
—299
+ 126
Month
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
Total
Departure from normal
Decatur
(Pop. 59,305)
0
248
600
1,271
1,271
868
372
360
217
5,207
0
279
690
1,054
1,178
1,008
744
360
62
5,375
Dixon
(Pop. 10,671)
0
372
660
1,364
1,457
1,036
496
420
310
6,115
30
403
810
1,209
1,364
1,148
899
480
155
6,498
Effingham
(Pop. 6,180)
0
310
630
1,240
1,240
896
403
360
248
5,327
0
248
660
992
1,085
924
682
330
31
4,952
Flora
(Pop. 5,474)
0
217
570
1,116
1,116
812
341
270
124
4,566
0
248
630
961
1,054
896
650
300
31
4,771
-168
—383
+375
—205
Month
Carlinville
(Pop. 4,965)
Charleston
(Pop. 8,197)
Chicago
(Pop. 3, 396,808)
Danville
(Pop. 36,919)
September
0
217
600
1,209
1,209
868
372
300
186
0
248
630
992
1,116
924
682
330
31
1,209
1,240
868
403
330
217
0
279
660
992
1,116
952
713
360
93
0
310
630
1,240
1,333
1,008
496
480
341
30
341
750
1,116
1,271
1,064
899
540
248
0
372
630
1,271
1,302
896
434
360
248
0
October
November
December
January
279
690
1,054
1,147
February
980
March
April
744
390
May
62
Total. .
4,961
4,953
4,267
5,165
5,838
6,259
5,513
5,346
Departure from normal
+ 8
—421
+ 167
Footnotes are given at end of table.
38
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 24. — (Continued)
Month
Freeport
(Pop. 22,366)
Galva
(Pop. 2,812)
Greenville
(Pop. 3,391)
Harrisburg
(Pop. 11,453)
M
A
M
A
M
A
M
A
September
0
434
720
1,457
1,519
1,120
558
450
341
60
434
840
1,240
1,426
1,176
961
510
186
0
279
630
1,271
1,395
980
496
390
248
0
341
780
1,178
1,302
1,120
837
450
124
0
217
540
1,147
1.116
279
240
124
0
248
660
992
1,085
924
682
300
31
0
217
510
1,023
1.023
756
341
210
93
0
October
155
November
510
December
January
837
930
February
784
March
527
April
240
May
0
Total
6,599
6,833
5,689
6,132
3,663
4,922
4,173
3,983
Departure from normal
—234
—443
+ 190
Month
Havana
(Pop. 3,999)
Hoopeston
(Pop. 5,381)
Jacksonville
(Pop. 19,844)
Joliet
(Pop. 42,365)
September
0
279
600
1,240
1,302
896
403
300
217
0
270
690
1,054
1,178
1,008
744
360
155
0
341
630
1,302
1,364
924
434
390
248
0
341
690
1,085
1.178
1,008
775
420
93
0
248
0
279
0
403
450
1,395
1,488
1,064
558
480
372
0
October
372
November
570 660
750
December
1,240
1,271
868
403
270
186
1,054
1,147
980
744
360
62
1,036
January
1,271
February
1,120
March. .
868
April
480
May
155
Total
5,237
5,459
5,633
5,590
5,056
5,286
6,210
6,082
Departure from normal
—222
+43
—230
+ 128
Month
Kankakee
(Pop. 22,241)
La Harpe
(Pop. 1,322)
Lincoln
(Pop. 12,752)
•
McLeansboro
(Pop. 2,528)
September
0
341
630
1,302
1,395
840
465
480
279
30
341
720
1,116
1,240
1,008
806
480
155
0
279
630
1,271
1,364
980
465
360
248
0
310
720
1,116
1,209
1,064
806
420
93
0
310
600
1,271
1,302
896
403
330
217
0
310
690
1,054
1,178
1,008
775
390
62
0
124
480
1,023
1,023
756
279
180
372
0
October
186
November
570
December. .
899
January
1,023
February
840
March
620
April
270
May
0
Total
5,732
5,896
5,597
5,738
5,329
5,467
4,237
4,408
Departure from normal
—164
—141
—138
—171
DEGREE DAYS
39
Table 24. — (Continued)
M(
Marengo
(Pop. 2,034)
Mascoutah
(Pop. 2,294)
Minonk
(Pop. 1,897)
M
M
M
Monmouth
(Pop. 9,096)
M
A
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
Total
Departure from normal
0
403
720
1.395
1,488
1,092
558
480
341
6,477
90
465
870
1,271
1,426
1,204
1,023
570
210
7,129
0
186
510
,085
,085
784
341
240
93
0
217
630
930
1,023
868
620
300
0
4,324
4,588
0
341
660
,333
395
980
496
420
310
30
341
750
1,147
1,271
1,092
837
450
93
0
310
660
302
,395
980
465
390
279
30
341
750
1,147
1,302
1,092
806
420
31
5,935
6,01:
5,781
5,919
-652
-264
—76
—128
Month
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
Total
Departure from normal
Mt. Carmel
(Pop. 6,987)
0
186
510
1.054
1,054
784
279
180
62
4,109
0
186
600
930
992
868
589
300
0
4,465
Mt. Carroll
(Pop. 1,845)
Mt. Vernon
(Pop. 14,724)
0
372
720
1,395
1,457
1,064
527
420
310
6,265
60
434
840
1.240
1,364
1,176
930
510
186
6,740
0
155
540
1,116
1,147
812
341
420
93
4,624
0
217
600
930
1,023
868
620
300
0
New Burnside
4,558
0
186
510
,054
,054
756
279
420
93
4,352
0
155
540
868
930
756
558
270
0
4,077
-356
—475
4-66
+275
Month
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
Total
Departure from norm
Palestine
(Pop. 1,626)
0
248
570
1,116
1,147
840
341
270
124
4,656
0
240
651
961
1,085
896
682
330
31
4,876
Pana
(Pop. 5,966)
0
217
570
1,209
1,209
840
372
300
155
4,872
0
279
660
1,023
1,147
952
713
360
62
Paris
(Pop. 9,281)
Peoria
(Pop. 105,087)
0
279
630
1,240
1,240
868
372
330
186
5,196
5,145
0
279
690
1,054
1,147
980
775
390
62
5,377
0
341
660
333
395
980
496
390
279
5.874
0
372
780
1,116
1,271
1,036
806
420
93
5,894
-220
-324
-232
—20
40
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
Table 24. — (Concluded)
Month
Pontiac
(Pop. 9,585)
M
A
Quincy
(Pop. 40,469)
M
Rockford
(Pop. 84,637)
M
Rushville
(Pop. 2,480)
M
A
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
Total
Departure from normal
0
310
630
1,271
1,364
980
434
390
248
30
310
690
1,085
1,209
1,036
806
420
93
0
217
570
1,209
1,240
896
372
270
155
0
217
630
992
1,147
924
713
330
0
0
372
660
1,364
1,457
1,064
527
450
341
30
403
810
1,209
364
176
930
510
186
0
279
630
1,271
1,302
924
465
330
217
0
279
720
1,054
1,178
1,008
744
360
62
5,627
5,679
4,929
4,953
6,235
6,618
5,418
5,405
52
24
-383
+ 13
Month
Sparta
(Pop. 3,664)
Springfield
(Pop. 75,503)
Sycamore
(Pop. 4,702)
Urbana
(Pop. 14,064)
0
124
510
1,054
1,054
756
310
210
93
0
186
570
899
992
840
589
270
0
0
217
600
1,209
1,271
896
403
300
186
0
279
690
1,023
1,147
980
744
360
62
0
434
720
1,395
1,488
1,092
558
480
372
60
434
840
1,209
1,364
1,176
961
540
217
0
310
630
1,271
1,302
896
434
390
248
0
310
November
720
December
January
1,085
1,178
February
1,008
March
775
April
450
May
124
Total
4,111
4,346
5,082
5,285
6,539
6,801
5,481
5,680
Departure from normal
—235
—203
—262
—199
Month
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
Total
Departure from normal
Walnut
(Pop. 961)
0
372
660
,333
,426
,008
465
420
279
5,963
196
30
341
780
1,178
1,302
1,120
868
450
90
6,159
Waukegan
(Pop. 34,241)
0
372
660
,333
,426
,064
527
480
372
6,234
-360
30
403
780
1,147
,302
,092
961
600
279
6,594
Whitehall
(Pop. 3,025)
0
217
540
178
209
840
372
270
155
4,781
-326
0
279
660
1,023
1,147
924
713
330
31
5,107
a Compiled from U. S. Dept. Commerce, Weather Bureau, Climatological Data.
b Population from Sixteenth Census of the United States. . ....
0 Column M — Monthly total for 1944-45 heating season. Column A — Normal monthly average for entire period during
which records have been kept. (See Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. No. 87, table 16.)
FUEL BRIQUETS
41
Table 25. — Production of Fuel Briquets in the United States, 1943 and 1944
1943
1944
Percent of
States
No. of
plants
Net tons
Value
No. of
plants
Net tons
Value
1943 in
Tonnage
Value
Eastern
Central
Pacific Coast. . .
4
21
3
544,786
1,493,368
125,844
$ 2,746,109
11,110,885
1,291.115
5
22
3
625,779
1,704.005
135,177
$ 3,393,595
13,680,036
1,360,948
14.9
14.1
7.4
23.6
23.1
5.4
Total
28
2,163,998
$15,148,109
30
2,464,961
318,434,579
13.9
21.7
Fuel Briquets and Packaged Fuel
The principal locations for production of
briquets are: ( 1 ) in the dock cities of the
lake states, where enormous quantities of
fines accumulate as a consequence of the
rough handling of the coal in transit ; and
(2) in the coal producing districts of West
Virginia, Pennsylvania, and southern Illi-
nois, where the nature of the coal results
in a high percentage of fines being produced
in the process of mining. Minor quantities
are produced in other eastern and central
states and on the Pacific coast.
Production of briquets. — The fuel
briquetting industry exceeded the previous
year's record for the sixth consecutive time
in 1944, reaching a new high of 2,464,961
net tons valued at $18,434,579. This was an
increase over 1943 of 13.9 percent in ton-
nage and 21.7 percent in valuation. Of this
amount 69 percent was produced in the
central states, as shown in table 25.
This shows an increased lead for the
central states over the remainder of the
country from 42.5 percent in 1943 to 69
percent in 1944.
The briquetting industry was utilizing 28
percent of its total capacity at the beginning
of the war in 1939. By 1944 it had geared
production to 70.6 percent of its total
capacity.
The states in the Upper Mississippi
Valley again increased their lead over the
remainder of the country as consumers of
fuel briquets. Major consumers in this
area are Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri,
North Dakota, South Dakota, and Illinois.
Briquets marketed in Wisconsin and
Minnesota are manufactured mainly from
low-volatile coal screenings obtainable on
the lake docks and produced as a result of
the double handling of coal from rail to
lake and back to rail again at upper lake
docks. In North Dakota and South Da-
kota, the market is supplied by briquets
manufactured from the lignites of North
Dakota.
Table 26 gives the shipments of fuel
briquets of domestic manufacture into the
Illinois coal market area in 1942, 1943, and
1944.
Table 26. — Shipments of Fuel Briquets of
Domestic Manufacture into the Illinois
Coal Market Area, 1942-1944
(In tons)
Destination
1942*
1943b
1944b
Illinois
65,709
48,868
47,392
10,731
4,954
303,497
172,269
35,111
96,912
73,744
317,627
85,174
48,071
61,150
12.018
3,757
487,122
202,562
38,693
94,172
84,585
425,258
90,358
49,235
90,379
16,595
3,477
515,671
254,360
44,900
125,331
118,811
448,313
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota. .
South Dakota . .
Wisconsin
Total
1,176,814
1,542,562
1,757,430
Total — United
States
1,600,300
1,970,143
2,278,480
Percent of U. S.
total
73.6
78.2
77.2
a U. S Bur. Mines Mineral Market Report No. 1175,
May 26. 1944.
u I". S. Bur. Mines Mineral Market Report No. 1312, July
3. 1945.
Table 28. — Coke ane
) Byproducts, Produced, Sold
1941*
Quantity
Value at
alants
Thousands
of dollars
Av.
Coal used (M tons)
5,142
1.40
3,661
71.20
$25,319
25,215
$4 92
Coal per ton of coke (tons)
Coke produced (M tons) *
6.89
6 89
Yield of coke (percent of coal used)
Plants in operation
9
Byproduct ovens operating in Illinois:
Koppers
661
120
88
46
Koppers-Becker
Semet-Solvay
Wilputte
Curran-Knowles
Coal-gas retorts
Total operating
Ovens under construction, Dec. 31
915
Sources of coal used (M tons)
Illinois
236
46
1,419
378
14
11
3,059
Indiana
Kentucky
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
Virginia
West Virginia
Total (M tons)
5,163
Low volatile
1,895
967
2,301
Medium volatile
High volatile
Coke, sold or used by producer (M tons)
Used by producer in blast furnace c
Sold for furnace use
Sold for foundry use
2,585
8
354
734
94
16,723
40
3,811
4,909
677
6.48
5.00
10.73
Sold for domestic use
6.71
Sold for industrial and other use
7.29
Total sold or used
3,775
26,160
6.92
Coke breeze produced (M tons)
Coke breeze sold or used
326
304
736
2.42
Coke-oven byproducts
Ammonia produced (sulfate equiv.) (M lbs.)
Sulfate equivalent sold (M lbs.)
95,149
19.40
97,838
1,093
Oil
Coke-oven gas produced (Millions cu. ft.)
Used in heating ovens, boilers, etc
51,267
24,601
25,535
2,234
4,289
.091
Surplus sold
.168
Light oil and derivatives sold (M gals.)
b
b
38,218
7.43
31,575
b
1,449
—
Tar produced (M gals.)
Tar and derivatives sold (M gals.)
.046
Total byproducts sold or used
—
9,065
-
$35,961
* Revised figures.
a U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbooks and Monthly Coal Report No. 207, June 29, 1945.
b Not available.
or Used by Producers in Illinois, 1941-1944a
1942*
1943*
1944
Value at
plants
Quantity
Value at
plants
Quantity
Value at
plants
Percent
change in
Quantity
amount
Thousands
Thousands
Thousands
from
of dollars
Av.
of dollars
Av.
of dollars
Av.
1943
5,225
$27,594
$5.28
5,170
$29,059
$5.62
5,482
$33,110
$6.04
+ 6.0
1.42
7.50
1.43
8.04
1.41
8.52
3,690
27,364
7.42
3,627
29,379
8.10
3,879
34,074
8.78
+ 6.9
70.63
70.15
70.75
9
11
9
379
380
b
282
329
120
120
88
88
46
46
—
12
915
975
992
124
75
—
227
218
81
69
1,523
1,505
311
457
13
3,200
2,765
5,355
5,014
b
1,905
1,419
976
852
2,474
2,743
2,562
18,321
7.43
1,827
14,210
7.78
1,871
15,686
8.38
+ 2.4
152
1,210
8.03
1,054
8,785
8.33
1,107
9,400
8.49
+ 5.0
298
3,221
10.80
318
3,454
10.84
285
3,461
12.14
—10.4
585
3,964
6.78
344
2,288
6.65
506
4,662
9.21
+47.1
109
803
7.36
117
925
7.92
106
852
8.05
- 9.4
3,706
27,519
7.42
3,660
29,662
8.10
3,875
34,061
8.79
+ 5.9
321
344
374
—
+ 8.7
330
791
2.40
338
939
2.78
311
933
3.00
- 8.0
95,466
97,070
102,909
+ 6.0
19.10
19.61
18.77
95,696
1,096
.011
97,436
1,155
.012
84,050
1,056
.013
-13.7
50,672
—
—
49,870
—
54,864
—
+ 10.0
23,994
2,353
.099
24,618
3,374
.136
17.351
1,735
.10
—29.5
25,894
3,395
.131
23,603
3,726
.158
36,466
5,442
.149
+54.5
9,049
1,417
.156
9,620
1,298
.135
b
b
—
1,480
26
.018
1,736
53
.031
b
b
—
38,820
—
39,462
—
38,099
—
—
- 3.5
7.43
7.63
6.95
29,713
1,601
.054
55,668
2,767
.05
37,810
2,023
.054
-32.1
b
—
—
55
42
.776
b
b
—
9,888
—
12,415
—
—
10,256
—
-17. 4d
—
$38,198
—
—
$43,016
—
—
$45,250
_
+ 5.2d
c Includes gas used in making producer gas and water gas,
d Percent change in value from 1943.
44
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 27. — -Production and Value of Packaged
Fuel in Illinois, 1940-19443
Year
Amount
tons
Value at plants
Number
Total
Average
of plants
1940. . .
1941 . . .
1942...
1943b..
1944 c..
3,813
8,924
4,980
3,081
1,837
$36,531
95,431
60,001
38,445
23,037
$ 9.60
10.60
12.05
12.48
12.55
6
6
6
4
4
a U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbooks.
b U. S. Bur. Mines Mineral Market Report No. 1175.
c U. S. Bur. Mines Mineral Market Report No. 1312.
The production of fuel briquets in Illi-
nois is increasing, an important part of this
production being made from the deduster
dust, a byproduct obtained in the prepa-
ration of stoker fuel from southern Illinois
coal. It is impossible to publish data on
the production of fuel briquets in Illinois
without revealing operations of individual
concerns.
Coke and Byproducts
The year 1944 witnessed a new high in
coke production in Illinois in response to
the heavy demand of the iron and steel
industry for metallurgical fuel. A statis-
tical summary of the coke industry in Illi-
nois is given in table 28.
PETROLEUM PRODUCTION
45
PETROLEUM AND GAS
Petroleum in 1944 — the National
Picture
Petroleum production in the United
States in 1944 again exceeded all previous
records. Under stress of war demands, the
industry produced 1,677,753,000 barrels,
exceeding 1943 production by 172,140,000
barrels. Just before Pearl Harbor, the
nation was using an average of 3.7 million
barrels of crude petroleum daily. In 1944
this average stepped up 4.6 million barrels.
Yet so great have been the demands of war
that, in spite of this increase, it was neces-
sary to impose sharp restrictions on the
quantity of petroleum allotted to civilians.
Petroleum in World Wars I and II
It may be interesting to compare the
petroleum industry in the United States in
World Wars I and II, selecting the years
1917 and 1944 for comparison (table 29).
Estimated Reserves
The national picture of petroleum re-
serves at the end of 1944 remained un-
changed in the states that contribute to the
Illinois refining industry. There were ad-
ditions in Oklahoma, Illinois, Kentucky, and
Michigan but there were losses in Kansas
and Arkansas. The estimated reserve as of
Table 29. — Oil Production in Two Wars
(In barrels)
United States
Five leading states in
1917:
Oklahoma
California
Kansas
Texas
Illinois
1917
335,315,000
107,507,000
93,878,000
36,536,000
32,413,000
15,777,000
1944
1,677,753,000
124,616,000
311,793,000
98,762,000
748,122,000
77,413,000
January 1, 1945 and preceding years is
shown in table 30.
These estimates, which are prepared each
year by the American Petroleum Institute,
are conservative. They include only oil
reserves in proved fields on production and
quantities recoverable with existing methods
of production at existing prices. It by no
means is an evaluation of undiscovered or
untested reserves or of the oil ultimately
recoverable in this area. The figure for
each year represents the estimated reserves
as of the given date after deducting the
quantity withdrawn during the year and
adding the current discoveries, extensions,
and upward revisions for existing pools.
Production
The production of oil in the United
States, by states grouped according to pro-
Table 30. — Estimates of Proved Oil Reserves in the States Serving the
Illinois Area, Jan. 1, 1935-Jan. 1, 1945a
(Millions of barrels)
As of Jan. 1
Oklahoma
Kansas
Illinois
Arkansas
Kentucky
Indiana
Nebraska
Michigan
1945
1944
1943
1942
1941
1940
1939
1938
1937
1936
1935
970
909
969
1,036
1,002
1,063
1,162
1,212
1,141
1,235
602
646
687
690
692
726
613
601
568
390
321
295
307
334
315
382
243
41
28
37
293
297
300
295
306
320
188
192
84
103
41
35
35
36
41
44
38
38
39
50
31
31
32
23
14
14
6
3
3
5
1
1
2
65
55
64
56
35
51
43
49
44
64
a From reports of Committee on Petroleum Reserves, American Petroleum Institute.
46
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
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ducing districts, is given in table 31 for
the years 1939-1944. The total value of
crude oil and related products produced or
used in Illinois is given in table 32. The
Illinois value in 1944 shows a moderate
decline from that of 1943.
Prices of Crude Oil in 1944
Prices of crude petroleum products were
subject to ceilings established by the Office
of Price Administration. Subsidies were
paid to producers for wells in the stripper
class as defined by the O.P.A. regulations.
No over-all data are available on the total
sum paid to operators in Illinois, but such
payments are in addition to the average
value as shown in tables 33 and 34.
Table 33. — Average Value of Crude Oil in
Illinois, 1937-1944a
(Per barrel at wells)
1937 $1.33
1938 1.25
1939 1.07
1940 1.06
1941 1.30
1942 1.36
1943 *1.37
1944 1.37
* Revised figure.
a U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks, and Monthly
Petroleum Statement No. P. 258 — Mar. 5, 1945.
Gasoline
Table 35 shows a decline in stocks of
crude oil in the United States but an in-
crease over the year for both crude stocks
and refined products in Illinois. In table
36 the effects of gasoline rationing are
shown in the virtually constant level of con-
sumption for the years 1943 and 1944.
1 a~,
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48
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
c
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CRUDE OIL AND GASOLINE
49
Table 34. — Crude Oil Price Changes for Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio, 1944. a
Posted by Sohio Corp. {May 21, 1941)
Illinois basin b, including Griffin pool
Carmi, Storms (Illinois) area
Birk City (Kentucky) area
Corydon (Kentucky) area, Henderson
Posted by Ohio Oil Co. {May 21, 1941 )
Illinois basin
Eastern Illinois and Western Indiana
Posted by Carter Oil Co. {May 21, 1941)
Louden, Fayette County, Illinois
Posted by Mohawk Oil Lines, Inc. {May 21, 1941)
Southern Illinois
Posted by Ashland Oil & Transp. Co. {June 19, 1941)
Somerset Oil in Ashland Lines, Ky.
Big Sandy River
Kentucky River
Posted by Owensboro-Ashland Co. {May 21, 1941)
Owensboro (Kentucky) area
Posted by Sohio Corp. {Sept. 1,1941)
Lima, Ohio
Cleveland, Lodi & Chatham (Ohio) areas
December 27, 1944
$1.37
1.37 (Jan. 24, 1944)
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.22
1.37
1.37
1.38
1.43
,37
1.50
1.30
« Nat'l Petroleum News, Dec. 29, 1943, January 5, 1944, January 24, 1944, and December 27, 1944.
b Also posted by the Texas Company.
Table 35. — Stocks of Crude Oil and Refined Products in the United States, in Illinois, and in
the Central Refining District, by Months, 1944a
(In thousands of barrels)
1943
January. . .
February. .
March
April
May
June
July
August. . . .
September
October. . .
November
December.
Total crude stocks
United States
241 , 245
241,718
236,530
234,694
235,176
229,631
223,503
223,901
222,868
223 , 500
222,759
220,862
Illinois
14,375
14,454
14,487
13,371
13,004
12,966
13,356
13,425
13,819
13,783
13,709
16,095
Stocks of refined products
Central Refining District
Gasoline
17,490
19,184
20,739
20,297
20,037
18,477
18,400
17,302
16,093
16,080
16,566
19,765
Distillate
fuel oilb
5,353
5,486
4,703
4,791
4,924
5,229
5,389
5,769
7,938
6,940
6,979
6,419
Residual
fuel oilb
3,278
2,892
2,774
2,603
2,918
3,488
4,157
4,314
4,141
3,944
3,570
3,060
United States
Gasoli
81,509
84,752
87,100
88,373
86,712
81,984
80,502
78,466
76,986
78,274
80,574
86,830
a U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Petroleum Statements.
b Includes refinery and bulk stocks.
50
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 36.
-Gasoline Sold in Illinois, 1941-1944, by Months
(Thousands of gallons)
1941
19421
1943*
19441
January. . .
February. .
March
April
May
June
July
August. . . .
September
October. . .
November
December.
Total .
111,386
105,883
127,451
140,940
162,605
148,451
155,021
155,969
145,618
143,406
134,510
135,538
116,305
96,237
114,387
131,138
138,072
132,000
131,683
127,469
125,830
125,274
139,732
63,479
75,700
74,851
92,646
101,313
98,034
119,149
110,791
101,957
95,369
100,486
100,494
93,793
84,769
80,818
93,186
87,619
121,048
119,005
97,928
97,616
99,257
102,465
94,873
87,741
1,666,778
1,441,606
1,164,583
1,166,325
* Revised figures.
a Illinois Gasoline Tax Data: Illinois Gasoline Tax Evasion Committee, Monthly reports
b American Petroluem Institute.
Gaseous Fuels in Illinois in 1944
Gas, both natural and manufactured, con-
stitutes an important fuel in certain Illinois
industries and localities, particularly Chi-
cago and its environs, as shown in table 37.
Natural gas is obtained from fields both
within the State and by importation from
three fields in the Midcontinent — the
Hugoton field in Kansas, the Amarillo field
in the Panhandle of Texas, and the Monroe
field in northern Louisiana. The Hugoton
gas field supplies cities in central Illinois.
The City of Chicago and its environs is
supplied by pipelines from the Amarillo
field, and the St. Louis industrial district
is supplied from Monroe, Louisiana. The
above named fields supplying Illinois are
primarily gas fields.
About 5 percent of the natural gas used
in Illinois is obtained within the State.
Most of this production is associated with
the output of petroleum, although there are
two small gas fields in Illinois which have
also contributed to the supply.
Manufactured gas is obtained principally
as a byproduct of the coking and blast fur-
nace industry and petroleum refining,
although a considerable portion is manufac-
tured in gas producers for sale to the public.
The gas manufactured as a byproduct of
the coking industry, blast furnace opera-
tions, and the refining of petroleum, is used
primarily in plant operations, and only a
small surplus is sold to the public through
the utilities. For example, the low calo-
rific gas resulting from blast furnace opera-
tions may be used as a fuel for operating
the compressor engines or heating the stoves
of a blast furnace plant. Surplus gas from
a byproduct coking process may be used in
the open-hearth furnace, in the soaking pits,
or in several re-heat operations.
The principal outlet of manufactured gas
is in manufacturing industries; the public
utilities use natural gas or mixed gas in
which natural gas is the more important
ingredient.
The economics of gas distribution through
public utilities in Illinois is of interest be-
cause the conditions of distribution and the
rates are affected by the cost of transmission
from distant fields and the seasonality of
the domestic heating load.
Because of the long transmission distance,
approximately 900 miles, and the high over-
head cost involved, it is advantageous to
maintain a full load in the line if a market
can be found for surplus gas in off-peak
periods. The seasonality of demand in the
house-heating load is shown in table 39.
This, together with gas for cooking and
water heating, returns the highest gross rev-
enue to the utilities. The load in the sum-
GASEOUS FUEL
51
Table 37. — Consumption of Natural Gas and Manufactured Gas in Illinois, 1943 and 1944s
Total sales to ultimate consumers
Number of customers
Therms usedb
Revenue
Revenue per therm, cents
Residential sales, excl. of space heating
Number of customers
Therms used
Revenue
Revenue per therm, cents
Residential space heating sales
Number of customers
Therms used
Revenue
Revenue per therm, cents
Total commercial sales
Number of customers
Therms used
Revenue
Revenue per therm, cents
Industrial non-interruptible
Number of customers
Therms used
Revenue
Revenue per therm, cents
Industrial interruptible
Number of customers
Therms used
Revenue
Revenue per therm, cents
Public street and highway lighting
Number of customers
Therms used
Revenue
Revenue per therm, cents
Other sales to public authorities
Number of customers
Therms used
Revenue
Revenue per therm, cents
1943
1,455,830
958,349,542
$66,176,615
6.95
1,319,122
190,727,531
$32,578,387
17.08
59,829
130,870,210
$10,534,688
8.05
68,760
86,423,136
$7,573,681
8.79
7,838
139,818,748
$7,645,316
5.47
162
409,670,604
$7,775,390
1.90
3
461,591
$30,951
6.75
116
377,722
$38,202
10.11
1944
1,471,759
981,668,315
$67,665,782
6.89
1,335,074
197,740,370
$33,447,945
16.92
59,561
122,862,765
$9,949,049
8.10
68,695
88,322,730
$7,610,588
8.62
8,189
163,969,928
$8,772,445
5.35
168
408,035,182
$7,828,378
1.92
3
476,600
$31,942
6.70
69
260,740
$25,405
9.77
■Source: Illinois Commerce Commisson, Rates and Research Section, Research Bulletin 41
"A therm is 100,000 B.t.u.'s.
mer season, however, is very low, as for
example in August 1944, the load for this
month was 17 percent of the yearly average
and 4 percent of the January load, the
month of highest consumption. The trans-
mission system, however, is maintained at
full capacity by offering gas for industrial
use at especially low rates but subject to a
"cut-off" clause which permits the utility
to shut off the supply to the industrial con-
sumer on short notice in order to take care
of sudden increases in the load among
domestic users. Under these conditions, the
utility can profitably dispose of surplus gas
during off-peak periods at a price merely
above the cost of the gas without charges to
overhead, since the latter are unchanged by
the full capacity operation of the pipe-line
52
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 38. — Gas Sales to Ultimate Consumers in Illinois, 1944,
by Uses and by Months a
(In thousands of therms)
Month
January. . .
February. .
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October. . .
November
December.
Total.
Residential
sales
exclusive of
space
heating
16,640
16,235
16,558
16,390
16,456
16,678
15,867
14,925
16,253
17,230
17,104
17,269
197,605
Residential
space
heating
20,727
17,711
18,374
15,461
9,242
3,863
2,116
1,753
2,219
4,791
9,179
17,428
122,864
Industrial
interruptible
sales
32,205
29,892
31,230
32,451
37,313
38,962
40,985
38,392
35,803
33,206
31,638
25,920
407,997
Commercial-
industrial
non-inter-
ruptible and
other sales
8,278
7,802
7,804
8,416
8,265
6,728
6,396
5,967
6,256
7,220
8,303
7,748
89,183
Industrial
non-inter-
ruptible
sales
11,273
11,517
12,583
14,127
14,849
14,151
13,688
14,660
14,708
15,510
14,249
12,700
164,015
Total
89,123
83,157
86,549
86,845
86,125
80,382
79,052
75,697
75,239
77,957
80,473
81,065
981,664
aFi
from "Monthly Summary of Gas Sales in Illinois," Illinois Gas Utilities, Rates and Research Section.
Table 39. — Value of Gas Sales to Ultimate Consumers in Illinois,
by Uses and by Months'1
(In thousands of dollars)
1944,
Month
January. . .
February. .
March
April
May
June
July
August. . . .
September
October. . .
November
December.
Total. ..
Residential
sales
exclusive
of space
heating
2,779
2,731
2,758
749
777
828
719
616
799
921
883
878
$33,438
Residential
space
heating
$ 1,542
1,342
1,388
1,192
770
393
257
228
269
465
771
1,332
$9,949
Industrial
interruptible
sales
628
595
619
633
699
726
747
713
677
646
621
523
$7,827
Commercial
and
other sales
776
743
747
725
651
551
507
481
510
573
663
750
$7,677
Industrial
non-inter-
ruptible
sales
680
694
734
742
749
712
693
731
740
779
768
755
,777
Total
$ 6,405
6,105
6,246
6,041
5,646
5,210
4,923
4,769
4,995
5,384
5,706
6,238
$67,668
Figures from "Monthly Summary of Gas Sales in Illinois," Illinois Gas Utilities, Rates and Research Section.
and have already been calculated in the rates
charged for firm loads. The importance of
the industrial interruptible sales from the
point of view of quantity of gas delivered
is shown in table 38.
The revenues for the several types of
services are shown in table 39. The growth
of the several classes of consumer demand
over a period of several years is shown in
table 40.
STONE, ROCK PRODUCTS
53
Table 40. — Gas Sales to Ultimate Consumers in Illinois,
by Principal Uses, 1940-1944a
(In thousands of therms)
Uses
1940
1941
1942
1943*
1944
Residential sales exclusive of space
heating
176,266
107,312
73,413
74,181
377,970
847
176,357
105,520
76,679
95,180
378,658
954
182,250
124,068
85,137
109,234
449,508
1,137
190,728
130,870
86,423
139,819
409,671
839
197,740
Residential space heating sales
Commercial sales
Industrial non-interruptible
Industrial interruptible
Public agencies
122,863
88,323
163,970
408,035
737
Total
809,989
833,348
951,334
958,350
981,668
* Revised figures.
a Illinois Commerce Commission, Rates and Research Section, Research Bulletins Nos. 3 5, 40, 41.
STONE, ROCK PRODUCTS
Limestone, Dolomite, and Marl
Production of limestone, dolomite, and
marl in Illinois in 1944 amounted to 10,-
655,800 tons, valued at the plants at
$10,677,100. This was a decrease of about
7 percent in amount from that of the pre-
vious year. Details of production are given
in table 41 and 42, by kind and by use.
Commercial and government-and-contrac-
tor operations. — Production of commercial
operations is separated from that of govern-
ment-and-contractor operations, which in-
clude the following: State of Illinois, coun-
ties, townships, and municipalities, produced
either by themselvs or by contractors ex-
pressly for their use. Purchases by govern-
ment agencies from commercial producers
are included in commercial operations.
Government-and-contractor operations de-
clined 16 percent, compared with 7 percent
decline for commercial operations. Gov-
ernment-and-contractor operations produced
only 2 percent of the total tonnage of stone.
A g st one Used in Illinois in 19 UU- — Re-
ports of producers to the Illinois State
Geological Survey show that the amount of
agstone (ground limestone, dolomite, and
marl) used for soil improvement in Illinois
during 1944 amounted to more than 4,210,-
000 tons (table 43). This was more than
30 percent increase over that used in 1943
and establishes a new all-time high record.
This remarkable increase in production
of agstone resulted because a few larger
producers concentrated on agstone and
really made it "big business." Out of 25
plants, each of which reported more than
50,000 tons sold during the year, 19 plants
sold considerably more than during the
previous year. Out of 90 plants, each of
which reported less than 50,000 tons sold,
70 plants made small increases. Many pro-
ducers, large and small, suffered from
scarcity of labor and difficulty in securing
truck transportation and repairs, due to
wartime conditions.
54
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
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58
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 UU
DAVIE3S : STEPHENSON'S/WINN
'¥777X7,
AVERAGE IN
POUNDS
PER ACRE
Less than 200
200 - 299^
300 - 399
400 - 499
.. > 500 and ove
Fig. 8. — Agstone used in Illinois in 1944. County averages are given in pounds per acre
of arable land.
A GST ONE
59
Table 44. — Agstone Used in Illinois Annually, 1927-1944'
Year
Tons
Value
Av.
Year
Tons
Value
Av.
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
647,155
565,001
947,798
868,426
268,874
164,933
227,466
491,644
$579,639
511,005
843,693
740,785
241,376
140,969
165,667
319,604
$0.90
.91
.89
.86
.90
.86
.73
.65
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
379,555
1,114,466
1,310,513
1,251,263
1,497,458
2,365,663
3,084,855
3,866,568
3,236,477
4,214,600
$ 268,139
871,862
1,279,981
1,247,150
1,318,173
1,999,850
2,873,536
3,600,313
3,175,108
4,388,886
$0.71
.78
.97
1.00
.88
.84
.93
.93
.98
1.04
a U. S. Bur. of Mines, 1927-29; canvass by 111. Agr. Assoc, 1930; canvass by 111. Geol. Survey, 1931-44.
The progressive increase in the use of
agstone on Illinois farms during the years
for which figures are available is shown in
table 44.
During 1944, agstone was produced in
48 of the 102 counties of the State. Of the
total amount used during the year, 92.5
percent was produced in Illinois.
Table 45 gives the use of agstone by
counties in Illinois during 1944, showing the
amounts produced in Illinois and in other
states. It also shows the arable land in
each county and the average quantity of ag-
stone used, in pounds per acre of arable
land. These data are from producers who
reported sales of agstone in specific coun-
ties, or are estimates by county farm advis-
ers, whichever is the larger. Production
not accounted for in either of the above
figures is given at the bottom of the table
marked ''counties not specified." The total
Table 46. — Agstone Produced in Other States
and Used in Illinois, 1939-1944a
(In tons)
Amount
Percent of
Year
sold in
total Illinois
Illinois
consumption
1939
71,775
5.1
1940
106,912
5.9
1941
95,226
3.2
1942
171,035
4.5
1943
166,518
5.3
1944
314,800
7.5
a From canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey.
amount used in Illinois is based on actual
deliveries in Illinois reported by producers.
Table 46 gives the total amount of ag-
stone produced in other states but marketed
in Illinois. Table 47 gives the total amount
produced in Illinois which was marketed
in other states.
Table 47.
Agstone Produced in Illinois and Marketed
in Other States, 1939-1944a
(In tons)
Year
Wisconsin
Iowa
Missouri
Kentucky
Indiana
Other States
Total
1939. . .
441
4,751
3,527
19,450
28,169
1940. . .
950
—
353
5,450
3,800
15,225
25,778
1941 . . .
—
100
867
940
1,800
1,125
4,832
1942. . .
450
—
203
9,700
28,811
19,853
59,017
1943 . . .
—
11,000
1,192
1,000
34,579
28 , 200
75,971
1944 . . .
—
7,683
8
8,900
46,302
110,318
173,211
* From canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey.
60
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 45. — Agstone Used in Illinois, by Counties, 1943 and 1944f
County
Adams
Alexander. . .
Bond
Boone
Brown
Bureau
Calhoun ....
Carroll
Cass
Champaign .
Christian . . .
Clark
Clay
Clinton
Coles
Cook
Crawford . . .
Cumberland.
DeKalb
DeWitt
Douglas ....
DuPage ....
Edgar
Edwards. . . .
Effingham . .
Fayette
Ford
Franklin. . . .
Fulton
Gallatin
Greene
Grundy
Hamilton. . .
Hancock. . . .
Hardin
Henderson . .
Henry
Iroquois
Jackson
Jasper
Jefferson. . . .
Jersey
JoDaviess. . .
Johnson . . . .
Kane
Kankakee. . .
Kendall
Knox
Lake
LaSalle
Lawrence. . .
Lee
Livingston . .
Logan
McDonough
Total used
in 1943
(Tons)
65,551
8,374
20,080
12,342
15,000
32,862
15,906
34,800
14,096
26,869
56,176
52,300
23,083
34,732
37,059
39,140
38,755
19,413
25,910
4,797
10,519
26,790
35,281
19,524
36,019
29,604
20,531
23,556
12,492
13,325
20,622
27,098
14,184
44,015
7,651
30,600
67,633
75,273
21,745
42,923
57,022
12,300
25,300
10,687
21,445
81,355
30,588
35,054
7,858
71,965
10,052
77,018
34,927
21,617
20,267
Tons used in 1944
Produced in
in Illinois
49,000
9,200
39,100
15,700
10,000
95,800
16,000
33,000
25,000
29,700
51,700
40,300
13,000
35,500
30,000
46,400
24,600
30,000
50,000
4,500
4,000
26,100
30,000
8,500
32,500
18,000
20,000
13,000
7,900
30,000
17,700
18,000
9,600
43,000
31,300
54,700
75,100
56,900
21,100
50,300
22,200
17,500
29,200
9,000
71,000
64,000
30,000
29,600
9,600
125,000
11,600
125,000
87,700
79,700
29,700
Produced in
other states
900
5,500
300
17,100
1,500
5,400
8,400
7,000
2,500
4,200
3,100
6,100
4,000
700
14,900
3,100
49,800
800
27,600
4,000
300
Total used
in Illinois
49,000
9,200
40,000
15,700
10,000
101,300
16,000
33,000
25,000
30,000
51,700
40,300
30,100
37,000
30,000
46,400
30,000
30,000
50,000
4,500
4,000
26,100
30,000
16,900
39,500
20,500
20,000
17,200
11,000
30,000
17,700
18,000
15,700
47,000
31,300
55,400
90,000
60,000
21 , 100
50,300
72,000
17,500
30,000
9,000
71,000
64,000
30,000
57,200
9,600
125,000
15,600
125,000
87,700
79,700
30,000
Acres of
arable land
(1939 census)
252,446
49,866
122,224
115,849
71,549
352,777
62,607
151,498
137,405
487,052
317,469
147,721
147,932
184,463
204,186
174,178
129,019
111,117
300,180
178,758
203,651
98,841
255,054
79,811
153,841
207,106
235,032
101,537
267,772
102,638
164,814
193,637
126,415
265,043
21,367
127,291
327,034
536,438
147,931
174,186
146,453
104,793
144,530
59,742
210,186
300,394
150,326
253,753
108,847
506,546
122,007
317,176
522,760
305,432
225,530
Pounds used
per acre
1943 1944
519
336
329
213
419
186
508
459
205
110
354
708
312
377
363
449
601
349
173
54
103
542
277
489
468
286
175
464
93
260
250
280
224
332
716
481
414
281
294
492
779
235
350
358
204
542
407
276
144
284
165
486
134
142
180
"Compiled from canvass madeby Illinois Geological Survey, in cooperation with Illinois Agricultural Association and
Midwest Agricultural Limestone Institute.
A GST ONE
61
Table 45. — (Concluded)
County
McHenry. . .
McLean ....
Macon
Macoupin. . .
Madison. . . .
Marion
Marshall
Mason
Massac
Menard
Mercer
Monroe
Montgomery
Morgan. . . .
Moultrie. . . .
Ogle
Peoria
Perry
Piatt
Pike
Pope
Pulaski
Putnam ....
Randolph. . .
Richland
Rock Island.
St. Clair. . . .
Saline
Sangamon . .
Schuyler. . . .
Scott
Shelby
Stark
Stephenson..
Tazewell. . . .
Union
Vermilion. . .
Wabash ....
Warren
Washington.
Wayne
White
Whiteside. . .
Will.
Williamson. .
Winnebago. .
W'oodford . . .
County not
specified. .
Total
Total used
in 1943
(Tons)
27,407
102,245
36,074
25,009
26,106
38,733
13,896
21,231
20,180
15,526
20,429
35,712
53,955
9,300
32,926
40,134
52,807
16,170
11,655
14,547
7,856
7,158
7,852
45,876
16,686
30,107
73,599
20,581
42,922
7,100
4,138
33,731
11,676
42,000
16,958
19,130
43,750
8,705
58,930
38,281
48,486
21,049
75,636
55,229
15,920
35,000
19,024
140,970
Tons used in 1944
Produced in
in Illinois
3,236,477
40,200
75,000
33,600
16,200
40,000
17,200
10,600
33,000
11,000
21,400
17,300
39,400
35,100
20,000
16,100
60,000
75,000
10,500
19,600
40,000
6,500
12,500
1 1 , 800
43,400
10,900
74,300
78,400
23,700
60,500
2,500
15,000
36,500
10,300
50,000
30,000
24,700
50,000
6,900
74,700
23,700
18,500
49,200
82,500
39,100
24,500
25,000
21,200
405,300
3,899,800
Produced in
other states
200
600
20,400
2,700
1,600
700
6,300
400
6,600
13,500
700
2,500
3,100
300
31,300
41,500
6,200
2,500
500
6,000
314,800
Total used
in Illinois
40,200
75,000
33 , 800
16,800
40,000
37,600
10,600
33,000
11,000
21,400
20,000
39,400
36,700
20,000
16,800
60,000
75,000
16,800
20,000
40,000
6,500
12,500
11,800
50,000
24,400
75,000
78,400
23,700
60,500
2,500
15,000
36,500
12,800
50.000
30,000
24,700
50,000
10,000
75,000
55,000
60,000
55,400
85,000
39.100
25,000
25,000
21,200
411,300
4,214,600
Acres of
arable land
(1939 census)
211,577
557,076
263,970
263,157
256,470
171,342
158,028
225,535
56,261
128,395
190,569
144,902
248,528
220,259
154,637
309,633
203,084
126,300
210,451
232,460
52,202
53,830
56,148
196,442
132,767
127,185
229,600
99,227
358,668
123,785
87,070
283,990
121,264
212,702
265,832
94,140
390,901
80,345
210,953
211,504
215,527
189,016
274,505
345,147
86,222
180,603
222,776
Pounds used
per acre
1943
20,201,195
259
367
273
190
204
452
176
188
717
242
214
493
434
84
426
259
520
256
111
125
301
266
278
467
252
474
641
415
239
115
95
238
192
395
128
407
224
217
559
362
450
222
551
321
369
388
171
Av.
318
1944
380
269
254
128
311
440
134
293
391
332
210
544
297
182
218
388
740
267
190
343
249
464
420
510
368
1180
680
477
337
41
345
258
212
470
226
525
256
250
710
517
558
570
618
227
581
277
190
Av.
417
62
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
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64
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
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REFRACTORY
DOLOMITE
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HYDRATED LIME
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1920
1925
1930
1935
1945
Fig. 9. — Annual shipments of cement and lime by producers in Illinois, 1920-1944.
(The 20-year average is based on quantities for 1920-1939 inclusive.)
GANNISTER AND SANDSTONE
65
Cement. — Shipments of cement by pro-
ducers in Illinois during 1944 amounted to
3,641,285 barrels, valued at the plants at
$5,662,035. This was a decrease of 20.6
percent from that of the previous year.
Detailed data on cement shipments are given
in table 48.
Lime. — Production of lime in Illinois in
1944 amounted to 280,935 tons, valued at
$2,183,063. There was a decrease of 27
percent from that of the previous year, as
shown in table 49.
Annual shipments of cement and lime by
producers in Illinois are shown graphically
in figure 9, beginning with 1920, compared
to the 20-year average, which is based on
shipments for 1920—1939 inclusive.
Mineral wool. — There was a decrease in
mineral wool production in 1944 compared
to that of the previous year, as shown in
table 50.
Ganister and Sandstone
Ganister is a siliceous material found in
Union and Alexander counties of southern
Illinois. It is used for refractory purposes.
(See table 51.)
Sandstone and miscellaneous stone are
produced in various parts of the State for
riprap, rubble, foundations and road work,
mostly by government-and-contractor opera-
tions. (See table 51.)
Table 51. — Ganister and Sandstone*, Sold or
Used by Producers in Illinois, 1942-1944b
(In tons)
Year
Amount
Value at plants
Total
Average
1942c
1943 c
1944
2,948
1,045
548
39,376
6,557
4,774
$3.18
6.27
8.71
a Includes ganister for refractory purposes; and sandstone
for rubble, foundations and riprap.
b Compiled from join canvass made by Illinois Geological
Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines.
c In previous reports, included in "Miscellaneous Minerals.
66
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
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CLAY AND CLAY PRODUCTS
67
CLAYS, CLAY PRODUCTS
Clays and clay products (including
fuller's earth and silica refractories) sold
and shipped by producers in Illinois in
1944, were valued at $15,904,500, and
retained the position of the fourth largest
mineral industry in Illinois, ranking next
to coal, petroleum, and stone and rock
products.
Clays Including Fuller's Earth
Clays (including fuller's earth) which
were sold and shipped as such, amounted to
230,800 tons, valued at the mines or pits
at $890,000, an increase of 4 percent over
the previous year, as shown in table 52.
Clays used by their producers in the manu-
facture of clay products at their own plants
are not included but are reported separately
in the resultant clay products in table 53.
Comparing the uses of clays, the most
significant change was the large increase in
nonceramic uses. Clays sold for nonceram-
ic purposes amounted to 109,000 tons,
valued at more than $658,000. This was
24.5 percent more than the previous year,
and was caused by an increase of 34 percent
in clays used for bonding foundry sands,
49 percent increase in that for fillers, and
7 percent increase in clays used for oil re-
fining and cleaners.
Ceramic uses of clays, totaling 121,800
tons, valued at $232,000 showed a decrease
of 9 percent. This was due to decrease
in clays sold for laying and daubing refrac-
tories. Clays sold for manufacture of
whiteware and for fire brick and retorts
showed increases which were relatively large
compared with the production for the pre-
vious year.
Clay Products Including Silica
Refractories
Clay products (including silica refrac-
tories) sold and shipped by producers in
Illinois in 1944, with comparative data for
1943, are shown in table 53.
Refractories, clay and silica, amounted to
more than 200,000 tons, valued at $4,-
053,000. This was 23 percent less than in
the previous year, due to the completion of
various war production plants under con-
struction during 1943.
Structural clay products amounted to
727,500 tons, valued at $4,196,000 a de-
crease of 12 percent from the previous year.
Shipments of common brick were 10 percent
more than in 1943, and shipments of sewer
pipe, flue lining and wall coping increased
5 percent. All other structural clay prod-
ucts were less in volume than in the previous
year because of the sharp decline in civilian
construction, due to the war. The value
of structural clay products in Illinois in a
more normal year is indicated by the aver-
age value of the three immediate prewar
years, which was $7,340,000.
Whiteware and pottery shipments for
1944 were valued at $6,764,600, a decrease
of 8 percent in value from the previous year.
Because of the wide variety in sizes of
whiteware and pottery, comparison is made
by value of products instead of by quantity,
Flowerpots increased 23 percent and art
pottery 2 percent. All other classifications
showed decreases. Some whiteware plants
were engaged exclusively in the manufac-
ture of war products during 1944.
Total clays and clay products sold and
shipped in Illinois in 1944 were valued at
plants at $15,904,500, a decrease of 12 per-
cent from the previous year. This reduction
was due primarily to decreases in production
of refractories and whiteware.
Annual sales of clays and clay products
by producers in Illinois for the past six
years are shown graphically in figure 10.
68
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
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CLAY AXD CLAY PRODUCTS
69
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1940
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1943
1944
Fig. 10. — Annual sales of clavs and clav products bv producers in Illinois,
1939-1944.
70
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
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H
BUILDING
71
54.
-Value of Building Permits Issued in Illinois
by Months and by Type, in 1944a
Valuation fin thousands of dollars)
Month
Number of
dwelling units
All building construc-
tion (including
additions, etc.)
New residential
buildings
New non-residential
buildings
Total
Federal
Total
Federal
Total
Federal
Total
Federal
January
February
March
373
459
432
709
692
597
354
746
471
812
357
494
0
0
0
120
0
0
0
400
0
60
0
0
4,152
3,864
3,969
5,448
7,072
12,008
4,041
7,127
4,787
7,711
5,247
4,667
1,390
191
0
845
1,491
1,026
314
2,648
724
1,706
592
340
1,700 0
2,055 0
1,988 0
1,572 1,325
1,151 178
505 0
April
May
2,977
2,967
2,308
1,562
2,885
1,811
3,472
1.655
2,371
193
0
0
0
1,473
0
193
0
0
1,334 648
2,183 1.487
June
8,043
1,027
939
Tulv
277
August
2,626 1.171
September
October
November
December
1,862
2,821
2,260
1,137
707
1,419
581
323
Total 1944
6,496
580
70,093
1 1 , 267
27,751
1,859
26,521
9,055
Total, 1943
6,697
1,500
85,378
46,026
29.476
7,597
44,582
38.319
Percent change
from 1943
— 17.9
—5.8
—40.5
a As reported to U. S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statstics. See monthlv reports on "Building Construction
for 1944.
Building Construction
Building activity in 1944 was character-
ized by a sharp decline in construction by
the Federal Government. Only three new
projects were listed under this type of con-
struction, although each month of the year
showed some activity in additions and ex-
tensions. In addition to the sharp decline
in federally sponsored construction it is note-
worthy that private residential building
showed only a slight decline. The month-
by-month record is shown in table 54.
72
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
c
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SAND AND GRAVEL
73
SAND AND GRAVEL
Silica sand. — Production of silica sand
amounted to 3,331,185 tons valued at
$4,642,979 (table 55). This was a decrease
in amount of nearly 8 percent under that of
1943, but Illinois continued to hold first
place among the states in the production of
silica sand for steel molding sand and for
glass sand.
Ground silica. — During 1944 the Illinois
production of ground silica or, silica flour,
made by fine grinding of washed silica sand,
amounted to 156,353 tons, valued at the
plants at $1,076,785. As shown in table
56 this was a decrease of 10 percent in
amount from the previous year.
Tripoli {"amorphous" silica). — Produc-
tion of tripoli ("amorphous" silica) in Illi-
nois during 1944 amounted to 10,431 tons,
valued at the plants at $174,732 as given
in table 57. Illinois ranked first among
the states in production of tripoli. This
material is used as an abrasive, polish, filler,
and for many other purposes.
Other sand and gravel. — Table 58 shows
sand (other than silica sand) and gravel,
sold or used by producers in Illinois in 1943
and 1944. The total of all sand and gravel
produced in 1944 amounted to 11,961,345
tons, valued at the plants at $8,909,951
which was a decrease of 14 percent in
amount from 1943.
Commercial and gov ernment-and-contrac-
tor operations. — About 650,000 tons, or 5
percent of the sand and gravel produced in
Illinois during 1944 came from government-
and-contractor operations: The State of
Illinois, counties, townships, and municipali-
ties produced either by themselves or by
contractors expressly for their use. Pur-
Table 56. — Ground Silica, Sold or Used by Producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944a
1943
1944
Percent
Use
Amount
tons
Value at plants
Amount
tons
Value at plants
change in
amount
from 1943
Total
Av.
Total
Av.
Abrasive
Enamel and glass
Foundry and filler
Pottery, porcelain and
tile
Other uses
53,347
5,804
*77,190
26,479
*il,034
$358,256
42,844
*540,463
199,886
* 77,320
$6.72
7.38
*7.00
7.55
*7.00
46,853
6,111
71,029
15,067
17,293
$317,759
45.497
500,694
94.906
117.929
$6.78
7.42
7.05
6.30
6.86
—12.2
+ 5.3
— 8.0
—43.1
+56.7
Total
173,854
$1,218,769
$7.01
156,353
$1,076,785
$6.88
—10.1
* Revised figures.
a Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Alines
Table 57. — Tripoli ("Amorphous" Silica), Sold or Used by
Producers in Illinois, 1943 axd 1944a
1 Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines.
1943
1944
Use
Amount
tons
Value at plants
Amount
tons
Value at plants
Percent
change in
Total
Av.
Total
Av.
amount
from 1943
Abrasive
Filler and other uses . . .
3,182
7,021
$ 51,889
116,869
$16.31
16.65
3,210
7,221
$53,577
121,155
$16.69
16.78
+ 0.9
+ 2.8
Total
10,203
$168,758
$16.54
10,431
$174,732
$16.75
+ 2.2
74
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
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SAND AND GRAVEL
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46
pIG ii —Annual production and value of sand and gravel and silica sand in Illinois,
1920-1944.
chases by government agencies from com-
mercial producers are included in commer-
cial operations.
Annual production and value of sand and
gravel (including silica sand) in Illinois
is shown graphically in figure 11 for each
year since 1920. The average value per
ton is also given for each year. The large
increase since 1939 is notable. The annual
value for 1942, which established an all-time
record, was the result of the great increases
in the use of silica sand for steel molding
sand and the large increases in the use of
other sands for various industrial needs.
All of these industrial uses were greatly
affected by the production of war materials.
FLUORSPAR
11
FLUORSPAR
Fluorspar Industry in 1944
production
According to the Bureau of Mines,
United States Department of the Interior,
the fluorspar industry in the United States
produced and shipped more than 400,000
tons of finished fluorspar in 1944 for the
second consecutive year (table 59). Both
production and shipment of finished fluor-
spar reached new peaks in 1944, when con-
sumption for the first time exceeded 400,000
tons.
Production of finished fluorspar from do-
mestic ore was 413,781 net tons in 1944 as
compared with 406,016 net tons in 1943,
or an increase of 2 percent over 1943, which
was itself a record year. The output of
metallurgical-grade fluorspar was greater
than the requirements, and ceramic-grade
fluorspar was again adequate for the demand
in that field. However, the consumption
of acid-grade fluorspar increased so steadily
that production was unable to keep pace
except by milling some acid-grade Mexican
ore which is of substantially higher purity
than the domestic milling ore and so lends
itself to a much higher recovery. From
this Mexican ore, flotation mills in the
United States recovered 4,855 tons of con-
centrates in 1944, which were not included
in the statistics on production or shipments.
In spite of the fact that shipments in
Illinois dropped 11 percent from its 1943
record, which reached an all-time high of
198,789 net tons, to 176,259 tons, it not
only maintained its rank as the chief pro-
ducing state in 1944, but also supplied 43
percent of the total shipments, as shown in
table 59. Colorado, New Mexico, Texas
and Utah established new records in 1944,
and Kentucky after declining for two suc-
cessive vears showed a slight upward trend
in 1944.
CONSUMPTION
According to a recent article in Chemical
and Metallurgical Engineering, few chem-
icals have played such an important role in
our war-effort as the little publicized fluo-
rine derivatives.1 The rapid advancement
in fluorine technology is evidenced by the
fact that the output of all fluorine chemi-
cals, exclusive of the fluosilicates, was ap-
proximately 6,500 tons in 1929, 11,000 tons
for 1939, and 53,000 tons for 1944 as shown
in table 60.
1 Callaham, John R., Fluorine Industry: Chemical and
Metallurgical Engineering, March 1, 1945.
Table 59.- — Fluorspar Shipped from Mixes in the United States,
1943 and 1944, by States
1943
1944
State-
Short
tons
Value
Short
tons
Value
Percent
of total
Total
Average
Total
Average
Illinois
198,789
109,849
49,145
37,050
8,653
51
134
960
1,328
57
36,292,789
3.122,513
$31.66
28 43
176,259
112,791
65,209
42,973
| 7,293
< 3,466
I 26
4,769
976
19
$5,954,991
3,363,788
1,604,043
1,205,830
I 252,071
100,381
21,983
400
$33 . 79
29.82
24.60
28.06
23.37
21.05
22.52
21.05
42.6
Kentucky
27.3
Colorado
New Mexico
Nevada
Utah
1,164,868
986,094
I 188,619
19,281
26,441
1,650
23.70
26.62
21 34
15.8
10.4
1.8
.8
California
Texas
Arizona
Tennessee
Wyoming
20.08
19.91
28.95
1.1
.2
Total
406,016
$11,802,255
$29.07
413,781
$12,503,487
$30.22
100.0
78
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 60. — Production of Hydrogen Fluoride, Calculated
100 Percent, in ToNSa
Year
Aqueous
Acid
Anhydrous
Acid
Total
Hydrogen
Fluoride
Generatedd
1931
No data
bl,358
bl,497
b2,198
b2,173
No data
cl 1,800
c12,100
500
No data
No data
No data
No data
No data
e9,200
e24,900
5,000
1933
3,300
1935
5,400
1937
1939
10,000
11,000
1940
15,500
1943
47,000
1944 (est.)
53,000
a Callaham, Op. cit.
b Production for sale, Bureau of the Census.
c Total production exclusive of that going into aluminum fluoride and synthetic cryolite, War Production Board.
Probably 3,000-4,000 tons for sale.
d Calculated from consumption of acid-grade spar, Bureau of Alines figures. Includes hydrogen fluoride used in the
production of synthetic cryolite, aluminum fluoride, and all other hydrogen fluoride derivatives. Factor: Acid-
SDar -=-2.4 = hydrogen fluoride 100 percent.
e War Production Board.
The total national consumption of fluor-
spar in 1944, as shown in table 61, increased
to 410,170 net tons over 1943 consumption
of 388,885 tons. Production of basic open-
hearth and basic electric steels in 1944
showed an increase of 2 percent over 1943,
while consumption of fluorspar in steel mills
(230,201 tons) dropped 2 percent from the
1943 consumption.
Consumption of both domestic and for-
eign fluorspar in 1943 and 1944 is sum-
marized by industries and by states in
tables 61 and 62 respectively, and con-
sumption of domestic fluorspar only is
summarized by use in table 63 and by
grade of fluorspar and industry in table
64 for the same years. Table 65 shows the
comparative consumption by Illinois and by
the nation for six years, 1939-1944.
The manufacture of hydrofluoric acid,
used in the manufacture of artificial cryolite
and aluminum fluoride, high octane gasoline,
refrigerating mediums (the freons), insecti-
cides, and other chemical products necessary
for the successful prosecution of the war,
accounted for 32 percent of the total con-
sumption of fluorspar in 1944, or 129,553
tons. This was an increase of 3 percent
over 1943. See table 61.
Although its entire output is now put
into military and essential civilian needs,
anhydrous hydrofluoric acid seems to be
mushrooming into increasingly greater im-
portance. The largest single use of this
acid at present is as a catalyst in the pro-
duction of aviation alkylate used in the
manufacture of high-octane gasoline. Its
advantage over sulphuric acid as a catalyst
results from the higher process temperature
that can be used and the ease of acid re-
covery by distillation. The chief dis-
advantage at present is the cost involved
and the problem of » corrosion. For these
reasons many expect hydrofluoric and sul-
phuric acid to start the post-war period on
an equal basis as catalysts. Anhydrous hy-
drofluoric acid is also used in the production
of freons and for secret military purposes.
In addition to the use of freons as refriger-
ants, they have gained prominence as the
propellent in the insecticidal bombs used in
the South Pacific. Post-war prospects in
both fields are considered promising.
Aqueous hydrofluoric acid is used directly
in such processes as pickling stainless steel
and in cleaning sand from metal casings,
although approximately 90 percent of it goes
into the production of fluorine chemicals.
The superiority of the United States in
the air is dependent upon aluminum, which
in turn must rely upon the two fluorine com-
pounds aluminum fluoride and sodium alu-
FLUORSPAR
79
Table 61. — Fluorspar (Domestic and Foreign) Consumed and in Stock in the United States,
1943 and 1944, by Industries, in Tons
1943
1944
Industry
Consump-
tion
Stocks at
consumers'
plants
Dec. 31
In transit
to consumers'
plants
Dec. 31
Consump-
tion
Stocks at
consumers'
plants
Dec. 31
In transit
to consumers'
plants
Dec. 31
Basic open-hearth
steel
Electric-furnace steel .
Bessemer steel
Iron foundry
Ferro-alloys
Hydrofluoric acid ....
Primary aluminum . . .
Primary magnesium . .
205,676
28,236
236
3,378
3,882
113,614
2,758
3,025
20,592
1,726
2,286
262
3,214
V 61,195
1,155
2,331
27,951
1,008
1,026
6,184
1,065
150
1,046
2,822
3,008
104
1,443
55
158
283
132
348
( 201,788
< 27,307
( 1 , 106
4,101
3,714
129,553
1,487
5,594
27,315
2,547
1,928
421
3,309
t 56,956
1,345
876
27,249
696
943
5,621
1,202
175
1,278
2,105
6,566
1,325
950
98
Welding rod
Cement
Miscellaneous
1
101
Total
388,885
105,933
5,531
410,170
98,446
9,041
Table 62. — Fluorspar (Domestic and Foreign) Consumed in the United States,
1943 and 1944, by States, in Tons
State
Alabama
Georgia
Arizona
Kansas
Nebraska
Nevada
South Dakota
Wyoming
Arkansas
Louisiana
Mississippi
North Carolina
Florida
California
Colorada
Iowa
Utah. .
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia.
New Jersey
1943
13,532
694
555
7,877
I 9,627
763
> 26,454
1944
11,120
609
322
10,160
11,844
1,317
34,924
State
Illinois
Indiana
Kentucky ....
Maryland ....
Massachusetts
Rhode Island.
Michigan
Minnesota. . . .
Wisconsin ....
Missouri
New York
Ohio
Oklahoma ....
Oregon
Washington . . .
Pennsylvania
Tennessee ....
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia.
Total
1943
87,702
20,287
10,924
1,687
15,754
3,629
3,835
17,749
68,610
595
1,978
85,371
1,175
3,708
311
6,068
1944
65,839
26,414
8,814
1,488
13,705
2,082
3,186
18,774
69,137
3,201
3,162
104,608
1,726
11,334
302
6,102
388,885
410,170
minum fluoride (or cryolite). Aluminum
fluoride is used as the flux in electrolytic re-
duction of alumina, and cryolite is the in-
dispensable electrolyte in the reduction of
alumina. However, unlike aluminum fluo-
ride, cryolite has additional uses, a very im-
portant one of which is in insect control.
It has been estimated that as much as 7,500
tons will be used in 1945 for this purpose.
In an article on "Fluorine Industry
Molds a Postwar Career from Wartime
Service,"" the author emphasizes the im-
portance of fluorine compounds as sand-
Callaham, Op. Cit.
80
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
450
1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944
Fig. 12. — Fluorspar consumption, by uses, for United States and Illinois.
agents in the casting of aluminum and mag-
nesium. These agents fill the voids in sand
molds by volatilizing when heated, thus
preventing oxidation of the metal. Roughly
1 to 3 percent by weight, of either ammo-
nium fluosilicate or ammonium bifluoride
and fluoborate is used in the sand mixture.
Lithium fluoride has made aluminum
welding practical because it serves as a
powerful fluxing agent, is non-hygroscopic
and highly insoluble. It is also an in-
gredient of phosphorescent pigment for air-
plane instrument dials.
Sodium fluoride is used in the production
of rimmed steel where heats are sluggish and
might result in second-grade ingots. Po-
tassium fluoride, bifluoride, and fluoborate
have become important as fluxes in silver
soldering. Metal fluoborates, of which lead
is the best known, are used in electroplating.
Thus the past ten years have shown a
striking development in the field of fluorspar
derivatives. Although these products have
been largely restricted to wartime needs,
civilian demands promise to be heavy in the
post-war period. Most of the new uses for
FLUORSPAR
81
SOURCE
INDUSTRY
AVERAGE 1935-1940
AVERAGE 1935-1940
X °< \
A \
\ "
/ \ -* ^
/ \ 4>*
\ ^
' \ <*\
**L\
%\
v <°\
x\
HYDROFLUORIC
ACID
32%
STEEL
56%
1944
1944
Fig. 13. — Average annual fluorspar consumption (of both domestic and foreign fluorspar) in the United
States, 1935-1940 compared with consumption for 1944, by sources and by consuming
industries.
fluorspar compounds are useful in peace as
they are in war and hence will continue to
utilize large tonnages of this mineral. Al-
though the steel industry still consumes the
greater part of fluorspar, demands from the
ceramic industry are increasing so rapidly,
as they plan for civilian needs, that there
is some concern lest our ore reserves are
none too large. However, recent investi-
gations made jointly by the United States
Geological Survey and the Bureau of Mines
show a probable reserve of more than 14,-
000,000 tons containing an average of 45
to 55 percent CaF2 and more than 10,-
000,000 tons of additional material averag-
ing 15 to 35 percent CaF2. This looks
encouraging in view of the fact that in 1936
our reserves were roughly estimated to be
about 5,000,000 tons.
The flotation processes for treating non-
metallic minerals have lately become very
important because they make it economically
82
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
Table 63. — Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States,
1943 and 1944, by Uses
1943
1944
Use
Short
tons
Value
Short
tons
Value
Total
Average
Total
Average
Steel
220,809
3,398
19,487
1,572
123,680
19.956
8,070
9,044
$6,006,251
85.728
582,173
50,620
4,046,231
598,627
185,652
246,973
$27.20
25.23
29.87
32.20
32.72
30.00
23.01
27.31
219,361
4.044
27,174
2,685
121,084
13.057
24,396
1,980
$6,087,077
109,869
892,761
90,444
4,251,686
416,672
589,069
65,909
$27.75
27.17
32.85
33.68
Hydrofluoric acid
35.11
31.91
Government stock pile
24.15
33.29
Total
406,016
$11,802,255
$29.07
413,781
$12,503,487
$30.22
Table 64. — Fluorspar Shipped from Minks in the United States, 1943 and 1944,
by Grades and by Industries, in Tons
Grade and industry
1943
1944
Grade and industry
1943
1944
Fluxing gravel and foundry
lump:
Ferrous
Nonferrous
Cement
Miscellaneous
Government stock pile
215,530
3,313
1,094
205
4,374
1,945
210.930
1 . 264
646
389
23,824
55
Flotation concentrates:
Ferrous
Nonterrous
(ilass and enamel
Hydrofluoric acid
» 13,351
5,375
6,982
121,983
673
3,696
6,664
il 14,589
4,677
13,861
118,452
122
( rovernment stock pile . .
Kxported
Total:
Ferrous
Nonterrous
Cement
Glass and enamel
1 1\ drofluoric acid
Miscellaneous
572
1,477
226,461
20
1
547
237,108
20
1,572
Acid lump:
158,724
153,750
Ferrous
Nonferrous
Hydrofluoric acid
228,996
10.189
1,094
21,059
123.680
3,884
8,070
9,044
568
1,592
225,665
7 421
Ground:
Ferrous
95
1.500
126
1.480
646
29,859
Nonferrous
121,084
14.077 15.998
2,730
Hydrofluoric acid- .......
1,150
3.006
435
1.060
2.219
448
Government stock pi!'
Kxported
24,396
1,980
Exported
406,016
413 781
20,263
21,331
Includes pelletized gravel.
feasible to mine many deposits composed
of interlocking fluorspar crystals and other
minerals which previously could not he
separated. Flotation is now employed gen-
erally by most companies, since it is appli-
cable not only to material being mined today
but also to the recovery of high-grade con-
centrates. These concentrates are valuable
in making hydrofluoric acid and ceramic
products, and find limited use in making
briquets to be used in the manufacture of
open-hearth steel.
The glass industry, which ranks third as
a consumer of fluorspar, used 27,315 tons
in 1944, or an increase of 33 percent over
1943 (table 61). Fluorspar is used in the
FLUORSPAR
83
Table 65. — Fluorspar Consumed in Illinois and the United States,
by Uses* (1939 to 1944)
Steel
Hydrofluoric
Acid
Ceramics
All others
Total
1939
Illinois
(a)
125,371
(a)
162,772
(a)
214,120
77,947
225,233
89,789
220,809
71,516
219,361
(a)
27,463
(a)
33,608
(a)
52,674
62,573
68,083
89,599
123,680
81,493
121,084
(a)
21,884
(a)
20,269
(a)
32,051
7,520
22,813
6,741
21,059
14,058
29,859
(a)
5,077
(a)
8,469
(a)
9,640
6,754
15,171
10,327
23,354
8,184
17,101
75,257
United States
179,795
1940
Illinois
United States
104,698
225,118
1941
Illinois
United States
133,333
308,485
1942
Illinois
United States
154,794
351,300
1943
Illinois
United States
196,456
388,902
1944
Illinois
United States
175,251
387,604
U. S. Bureau of Mines; Minerals Yearbooks 1940-1943; M.M.S. 1278, April 23, 1945.
Statistics not available by uses until 1942.
manufacture of opal, opaque, and colored
glass to be used in such finished commodities
as lamp globes, bulbs, soda fountains, con-
tainers for food, toilet and medicinal prep-
arations, and lavatory fixtures. From 50
to 500 pounds of fluorspar are used per 1000
pounds of sand in the manufacture of glass,
depending upon the type of product desired.
Substitutes for fluorspar have been tried
but offer little competition either because of
higher cost or lower efficiency. An even
higher grade of fluorspar (60 percent
through a 100-mesh screen) is required for
the manufacture of vitreous enamel than
for opaque or colored glass (55 percent
through 100-mesh screen). These com-
modities include sinks, bathtubs, stove parts,
refrigerators, toilet fixtures, etc., where vit-
reous enamel coatings are applied to iron
or steel. Similar coatings are also applied
to pottery, brick and tile. Since civilian
consumption of such products has been so
drastically curtailed during the war, it ap-
pears that the market for this mineral for
enameling purposes wTill show a marked up-
ward trend with the close of the war.
Consumption of fluorspar in the United
States and Illinois by uses since 1939 is
shown graphically in figure 12. Statistics
by uses in Illinois are not available before
1942, so for the period 1939-1941 only the
total consumption for Illinois can be shown.
Although forty states, reported consump-
tion of fluorspar, three states — Illinois,
Ohio, and Pennsylvania — used 239,584
tons, or 58 percent of the toal consumption
(table 62). Pennsylvania displaced Illi-
nois as chief consumer in 1944, but Illinois
retained its lead as the largest consumer of
fluorspar in hydrofluoric acid. Pennsyl-
vania led in consumption of fluorspar in both
steel and glass manufacture.
Figure 13 shows the average consumption
in the United States over a characteristic
six-year period, from 1935 to 1940 inclusive,
as compared with the 1944 consumption and
a similar comparison for the same years as
to the source of the fluorspar used. Since
statistics for imports during 1944 cannot be
made public they have been included w^ith
"Other states" for that year.
84
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
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FLUORSPAR
85
200
$35
1913 '15
Fig. 14. — Fluorspar from Illinois mines, annual shipments and annual value,
for 1913-1944.
86
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
Table 67.— Fluorspar Shipped from Illinois Mines, 1939 and 1944a
Tons
Value at mines
Year
Tons
Value at mines
Total
Av.
Total
Av.
1939
75,257
104,698
133,333
$1,638,693
2,313,747
3,047,247
$21.77
22.10
22.85
1942
161,949
198,789
176,259
$4,306,750
6,292,789
5,954,991
$26.59
31.66
33.79
1940
1943
1941
1944
aU. S. Bur. Mine-. Minerals Yearbooks, and Mineral Market Report, M.M.S. 1278. April 25, 1945
Fluorspar in Illinois
Although the mining of fluorspar in Illi-
nois dropped 11 percent in 1944, Illinois
still maintained its rank as chief producing
state in the nation and made 43 percent of
the total shipments of fluorspar.
Shipments of fluorspar from the mines in
Illinois are given for 1943 and 1944 in
table 66 by kinds and uses. The manufac-
ture of hydrofluoric acid was the high con-
sumer of fluorspar for the first time in 1944,
with the steel industry running a close sec-
ond. An interesing note in the fluorspar
industry for 1944 is the rapid increase in
the use of fluorspar in Illinois in the manu-
facture of glass and enamel. As shown
in table 66, this industry used 108 percent
more fluorspar in 1944 than in 1943, or an
increase from 6,741 tons to 14,058 tons in
1944. Although still a small item in total
consumption of fluorspar in Illinois, the
rapid increase is noteworthy.
Annual shipments and average value of
fluorspar from Illinois since 1913 are pre-
sented graphically in figure 14, showing the
effect of two world wars on this industry.
Shipments of fluorspar from Illinois mines
from 1939 to 1944 are shown in table 67.
The value in dollars of the fluorspar shipped
from mines in Illinois in 1944 was $5,-
954,991, compared with $6,292,789 in 1943.
Some months before the entry into the
war it was realized that the fluorspar de-
posits of Illinois were to play an increasingly
important part in national affairs. Recog-
nizing the desirability of increasing and
bringing up to date knowledge of the fluor-
spar producing district in Illinois, a general
survey was begun by the Illinois State
Geological Survey of the mines and pros-
pects of the district, noting location and
principal features of each, as well as a re-
vision of the geologic map of that section.
This study has resulted in the accumulation
of a sizable body of additional geologic
knowledge of the fluorspar district. When
this knowledge is made generally available
to the public it will constitute a valuable
compilation of geologic data and an accurate
record of the character of the ore bodies in
the various mines for future use. In years
to come prospective mine operators or in-
vestors will have more than local, and pos-
sibly biased, reports on which to base their
decisions, and in case of another national
emergency the data now on hand may be of
considerable time-and-money saving value.
PRICES
Present prices remain unchanged from
1943 at $37 per ton for acid and ceramic
grade spar and $30-$33 per ton for metal-
lurgical spar. Prices for metallurgical spar
vary according to the "effective CaF2 con-
tent." The average price per ton for Illi-
nois spar in 1944 was $33.79, an increase of
$2.13 over the preceding year. This in-
crease probably reflects an increase in the
proportion of ceramic grade and of the better
grades of metallurgical spar produced and
shipped. Current prices are to be compared
with the 1940 average of $25.36 per ton
for acid spar and $18.42 for metallurgical
spar. The increased prices have been al-
lowed by Office of Price Administration to
permit wage increases and as an incentive
to increased production.
MISCELLANEOUS MIXERJLS
87
ZINC AND LEAD
The Wisconsin-Northern Illinois region
was the only important Central States zinc-
producing region in which output of both
crude ore and recoverable metals increased
in 1944.
The zinc and lead ore and concentrates
produced in northern Illinois in 1943 and
1944 were shipped to the custom flotation
mill of the Vinegar Hill Zinc Company at
Cuba Citv, Wisconsin.
In southern Illinois the bulk of the output
of zinc and lead came from zinc-lead-fluor-
spar mines near Cave in Rock, Hardin
County.
Illinois production of zinc and lead re-
covered from ores mined in Illinois during
1944 was valued at $2,004,600, as shown in
table 68.
MISCELLANEOUS MINERALS
Included in this group are several mineral
materials produced in Illinois by less than
three producers for each material, so that
details of production cannot be published
without revealing individual operations.
These materials are:
Peat, produced in northern Mason
County for mixed fertilizer and other
purposes. Illinois ranks first among the
states in the production of peat.
Pyrites (coal brasses), produced in Henry
County from coal-cleaning operations.
Sulfur, as elemental sulfur is recovered
as a byproduct in the liquid purification of
manufactured gas.
The total amount and value of these min-
eral materials just described, which were
produced in Illinois during the past three
years, are given in table 69. The total value
for 1944 amounted to $107,400.
Table 69. — Miscellaneous Minerals*, Sold or
Used by Producers in Illinois,
1942 to 1944b
Year
Amount
tons
Value at
plants
Total
Av.
1942
* 34.179
* 28.199
c26.000
*$149.327
*117.895
c 107. 400
*$4 37
1943
*4 18
1944
4 12
* Revised figures.
a Minerals included: peat, pyrites, and sulfur from
manufactured gas.
b Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological
Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines.
c Intimated.
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
c
CO
Percent
change i
amount
from 194
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MINERALS PROCESSED
89
MINERALS PROCESSED, BUT NOT MINED, IN ILLINOIS
Included in this group are mineral
materials which are processed in Illinois but
are mined in other states. Production of
these materials in Illinois during the past
three years is given in table 70, as far as
the data are available.
Coke and byproducts. — All coke pro-
duced in Illinois is made in byproduct ovens,
most of it from coal mined in the eastern
bituminous fields. Coke produced from
Illinois coal is not differentiated from the
other, so table 70 gives the entire amount of
coke made in Illinois. Details of coke
manufacture are given in this report in the
section on "Coke and Bvproducts." (see
p. 44)
Packaged fuel. — This material is proc-
essed in Illinois from the fines that result
from the storage and handling of eastern
coal. Details are given in the section on
"Fuel Briquets and Packaged Fuel" (see
p. 41). Data cannot be published on the
production of fuel briquets in Illinois with-
out revealing individual operations.
Pig iron. — This basic product in the steel
industry is produced in Illinois from iron ore
mined in the Lake Superior district and
shipped in by water.
Sulfuric acid. — This material is produced
in Illinois as a byproduct of the smelting of
zinc ores and is also produced from sulfur
at zinc plants.
Slab zinc. — This basic product in the zinc
industry is produced in Illinois from ores
mined in Illinois and from ores mined in
other states. Zinc recovered from Illinois
ores is included in table 68. That recovered
from out-of-state ores is included in "Total
processed" in table 70.
Ground feldspar is made in Illinois from
crude feldspar which is mined in South Da-
kota. It is used in the manufacture of
white ware and enamels and for other pur-
poses. Data cannot be published on feld-
spar grinding in Illinois without revealing
individual operations, but are included in
"Miscellaneous minerals processed," table
70.
Magnesium compounds are processed in
Illinois from out-of-state dolomite. Data
on these are included in "Miscellaneous
minerals processed," table 70, to avoid re-
vealing individual operations.
Mineral pigments are produced in Illinois
from crude mineral earth pigments from
various sources. Data on these are in-
cluded in "Miscellaneous minerals proc-
essed," table 70.
Pig lead is made in Illinois by smelting
lead ores ; that obtained from ores mined in
Illinois is given in table 68. Data on pig
lead produced in Illinois from ores mined
in other states are not available.
Expanded vermiculite is produced in Illi-
nois by heat-treating crude vermiculite
which is mined in the West. Production
figures are not available.
Alumina, phosphates, and other processed
mineral materials are produced in Illinois
in large amounts, but data for them are
not available.
The total 1944 value of mineral materi-
als which were processed in Illinois but
mined in other states, as given in table 70,
amounted to $202,357,378.
The values of pig lead, expanded vermic-
ulite, alumina, phosphates, and other min-
eral materials, if known, would greatly in-
crease the total given in table 70.
90
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
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