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ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1992
and Review of Preliminary Mineral Production Data for 1993
Irma E. Samson
ILLINOIS MINERALS 112
1994
Department of Energy and Natural Resources
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
ILLINOIS STATE QEOLOQ'C^ S"^
3 3051 00006 0370
LIBRARY.
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1992
and Review of Preliminary Mineral Production Data for 1993
Irma E. Samson
ILLINOIS MINERALS 112
1994
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Jonathan H. Goodwin, Acting Chief
Natural Resources Building
615 East Peabody Drive
Champaign, Illinois 61820-6964
*
&
Printed by authority of the State of Illinois/1994/450
printed with soybean ink on recycled paper
CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
MINERALS EXTRACTED 3
Fuels 3
Coal 3
Crude Oil 7
Natural Gas 10
Industrial and Construction Materials 10
Primary Barite 10
Clays 10
Fluorspar 11
Sand and Gravel 12
Industrial Sand 12
Stone 14
Tripoli 14
Metals 15
Zinc, Lead, Silver, and Copper 15
Other Minerals 16
Peat 16
Gemstones 16
MINERALS PROCESSED 16
Ground Barite 16
Columbium and Tantalum 16
Calcined Gypsum 16
Crude Iodine 16
Iron-Oxide Pigments 16
Natural Gas Liquids 17
Expanded Perlite 17
Pig Iron and Raw Steel 17
Slag (Iron and Steel) 18
Recovered Elemental Sulfur 18
Exfoliated Vermiculite 18
Primary and Secondary Slab Zinc 18
PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED FROM MINERALS
MINED IN AND OUT OF STATE 1 8
Cement 18
Clay Products 19
Coke 1 9
Glass 20
Lime 20
PREUMINARY PRODUCTION DATA: 1993 21
Minerals Extracted 21
Fuels 21
Industrial and Construction Materials 21
Metals and Other Minerals 21
Minerals Processed 21
Products Manufactured from Minerals 22
FIGURES
1 Mineral production and mineral-processing plants 1
2 Energy used in Illinois, 1960-1992 3
3 Coal production in each county in 1992 4
4 Trends in Illinois coal production, 1955-1992 5
5 Trends in the number of Illinois coal mines, 1955-1992 5
6 Trends in the productivity of Illinois coal mining, 1955-1992 7
7 Coal consumption in Illinois, 1968-1992 7
8 Annual crude oil production in Illinois, 1935-1992 8
9 Crude oil production in each county in 1992 9
10 Consumption of natural gas in Illinois, 1955-1992 10
11 Common clay production in Illinois, 1955-1992 11
12 Districts and counties producing sand and gravel in 1992 13
13 Stone production compared with sand and gravel production in Illinois, 1950-1992 14
14 Districts and counties producing stone in 1991 15
15 Production and consumption of finished portland cement in Illinois, 1955-1992 19
16 Consumption of quicklime and hydrated lime in Illinois, 1955-1992 20
TABLES
1 Production and value of minerals extracted, processed, and manufactured
into products in Illinois, 1990-1992 23
2 Illinois mineral production compared with U.S. mineral production, 1991-1992 25
3 Minerals extracted, processed, and manufactured in Illinois, 1992 (listed by county) 26
4 Employment and wages in the Illinois mineral industry, 1991-1992 28
5 Minerals consumed in Illinois compared with U.S. consumption, 1991-1992 28
6 Fuels and energy consumed in Illinois, 1991-1992 29
7 Coal production in Illinois counties, 1991-1992 30
8 Coal production in Illinois counties, 1833-1992 31
9 Employment and production by method of coal mining in Illinois, 1981-1992 32
10 Coal production of Illinois companies, 1991-1992 33
11 Coal shipped from Illinois to other states, 1988-1992 34
12 Sources of coal consumed in Illinois, 1988-1992 35
13 Crude oil production in Illinois counties, 1888-1992; value for 1991 and 1992 36
14 Crude oil production from major fields in Illinois, 1991-1992 37
15 Petroleum products consumed in Illinois, 1988-1992 38
16 Natural gas production in Illinois, 1985-1992 38
17 Natural gas production from large fields in Illinois counties, 1990-1992 39
18 Natural gas consumed in Illinois, 1991-1992 39
19 Production and value of sand and gravel in districts of Illinois, 1992 40
20 Illinois sand and gravel production by size of operation, 1990 and 1992 40
21 Use of sand and gravel produced in Illinois, 1990 and 1992 41
22 Portland cement manufactured in Illinois, 1991-1992 42
23 Mineral production data for 1992 compared with preliminary data for 1993 42
24 Illinois coal shipped to consumers in the United States, 1991-1993 43
25 Total coal consumed by end-use sectors in Illinois, 1991-1993 43
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report covers three types of mineral industry operations in Illinois (fig. 1):
• extracting minerals from the ground
• processing crude minerals (mined primarily out of state) into raw industrial materials
• manufacturing mineral products such as coke, lime, and cement from minerals extracted
and processed primarily, but not exclusively, in Illinois.
1992 Reported Value
The total reported value of minerals extracted, processed, and manufactured in Illinois during
1992 was $2,894.3 million, 0.5% lower than the 1991 total. The total of the values reported to
the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) is not necessarily the actual value because many producers
do not report their production figures. Minerals extracted accounted for 90% of the reported
value; processed crude minerals and manufactured minerals accounted for the remaining 10%.
Coal continued to lead in value, followed by industrial and construction materials and oil
(table 1, p. 23).
PLANTS
C cement
P petroleum refinery
S iron/steel
M miscellaneous
mineral processing
COMMODITIES
* coal
■ oil and gas
A limestone/dolomite
<D sand and gravel
□ fluorspar, metals, barite
A clay
* peat
* tripoli
Figure 1 Mineral production and mineral-processing plants.
Illinois produced 6% of the tonnage and contributed about 8% of the value of coal produced
nationally. The state continued to lead the nation in production of fluorspar, industrial sand, and
tripoli. Production of stone was 6.3% and sand and gravel, 4.2% of the national total (table 2).
Illinois ranked sixteenth in the value of nonfuel minerals produced in the United States in 1992.
Extracted Minerals
In 1992, the value of commodities mined in Illinois was $2,607.6 million, a decrease of 4.4%
from the 1991 total. Mineral fuels (coal, crude oil, natural gas) accounted for 78.2% of the total;
coal alone accounted for 64% of the total. Industrial and construction materials such as clay,
fluorspar, sand and gravel, stone, and tripoli accounted for 21.4%. The remaining 0.4% was
contributed by metals such as lead, zinc, and silver, and minerals such as peat and gemstones.
Mineral extraction was reported from 98 of the102 counties in Illinois (table 3, fig. 1). Only
Cass, Mercer, Pope, and Stark Counties had no reported mineral extraction. Perry, Franklin and
Saline Counties, major producers of coal and crude oil, accounted for more than one-quarter of
the state's total value of minerals produced: 1 1 .3%, 8.5% and 8.2%, respectively.
Processed Minerals
Data for total value of processed minerals in 1992 are incomplete.The total includes only the
figures for ground barite, expanded perlite, sulfur, calcined gypsum, exfoliated vermiculite, iron-
oxide pigments, and slag. Minerals not listed (tables 1 and 3), but processed in the state, are
natural gas liquids, bismuth, and primary and secondary slab zinc.
Manufactured Mineral Products
Mineral products manufactured in Illinois, primarily from minerals mined within the state, include
cement (portland and masonry), coke, clay products, lime, and glass. The average unit value of
sales of portland cement increased about 1.0%; no 1992 data are available for masonry
cement. Lime production and its value was up 0.4%. Clay products increased 3.9% in value.
Data are no longer available for coke or glass.
Employment
The Illinois Department of Labor reports that jobs in mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extrac-
tion continued to trend downward, decreasing 9.9% from 19,200 employees in 1991 to 17,300
in 1992. Total nonagricultural employment went up 0.3% from 5,220,100 employees in 1991 to
5,234,900 in 1992. Employment in the goods-producing sector decreased 4.7% from 1,165,100
employees in 1991 to 1,133,500 in 1992, and in the service-producing sector, increased 1.1%
from 4,055,100 employees in 1991 to 4,101,400 in 1992 (table 4). The Illinois Department of
Mines and Minerals reported in the Annual Coal, Oil and Gas Report, 1992 that employment in
the Illinois coal industry decreased 7.6% from 9,667 in 1991 to 8,932 in 1992 (table 9).
Mineral Shipments
Mineral shipments are a large part of the Illinois transportation industry. Stone, sand and gravel
are usually shipped by truck because they are primarily used near their sources. Coal is largely
shipped by rail, barge, or rail/barge combination; only about 4% of the coal was moved to mine-
mouth electricity-generating plants by conveyor belt. Crude oil and natural gas are mainly trans-
ported by pipeline. Other materials, such as fluorspar and clay products, are shipped by rail,
truck, and barge. Pig iron and coke are generally used on-site by integrated mills.
Consumption
In 1992, the value of the state's consumption of mineral commodities was about 4.5% to 5% of
the nation's total, or about the same proportion as Illinois' share of the total U.S. population. In
physical units, Illinois' mineral consumption varied from less than 1% of the U.S. total (for resid-
ual fuel oil) to almost 15% (for zinc) (table 5). The high zinc consumption reflects Illinois' status
as a major manufacturing state.
The state's energy consumption was estimated to be 3.3 quadrillion Btu in 1992 (4.1% of
the U.S. total), 1.5% less than it was in 1991 (table 6). Fossil fuels provided 76.4% of the
state's energy needs: 26.2% was provided by oil and oil products, 30.1% by natural gas, and
total consumption
coal
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
Figure 2 Energy used in Illinois, 1960-1992.
20.1% by coal (fig. 2). Nuclear power provided the other 23.6 % of Illinois energy needs,
exceeding the amount produced by coal for the fourth year. Its consumption increased in 1992
to 787 trillion Btu from 772 trillion in 1991.
MINERALS EXTRACTED
Fuels
Coal
Production In 1992, Illinois continued to rank fifth in production, behind Wyoming, West Virgin-
ia, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania. Illinois coal production increased less than 1% from 60.0 mil-
lion tons in 1991 to 60.3 million tons in I992 (table 7). Total value was $1,668.8 million, based
on a unit value of $27.66 per ton, a 2.4% decrease in per ton value from 1991 (table 1).
In 1992, coal was produced in 17 counties (fig. 3), as compared with 18 counties in 1991.
Douglas County's only coal mine, Zeigler Coal Company's Murdock Mine, closed September
1991. Perry, Franklin, Saline, and Randolph Counties together accounted for 53.1% of the
state's production. Perry County remained the top producer, contributing 17.6% of all coal
produced in the state.
Approximately 79% of the state's total production came from underground and 21% from
surface mines; whereas 5 years ago, 67% came from underground and 33% from surface
mines (fig. 4). Production from surface mines has been declining since 1980. Approximately
76% of Perry County's output came from surface mines — a significant percentage that repre-
sented about 63% of the state's output of surface-mined coal. Franklin County, producing solely
from underground mines, contributed more than 16% of the total underground production. In
Saline County, about 93% of its coal was produced from underground mines — output that
contributed more than 15% of the state's total underground production. More than 87% of
Randolph County's coal came from underground mines and accounted for about 12% of the
state's total underground mined production. Other counties contributing substantially (more than
3 million tons each) to underground coal mine production were Jefferson (9.4%), Macoupin
(8.9%), Gallatin (6.5%), and Clinton (6.5%) (table 7).
The number of coal mines operating in Illinois has steadily declined since the early 1900s.
There were 920 mines in 1900. By the 1950s, approximately 200 mines were in operation. A
further rapid decline to about 60 mines had occurred by 1970. In the latter half of the 1970s,
the number of mines increased to about 70 as new mines opened after the first oil-price shock
of 1974. Demand for coal did not increase, however, and the number of mines dropped again.
30 60 mi
50 100 km
Tons
6,000,000 or more
4,000,000 - 5,999,999
3,000,000 - 3,999,999
2,000,000 - 2,999,999
1,000,000 - 1,999,999
< 1,000,000
no production reported
Figure 3 Coal production in each county in 1992.
By 1992, 39 mines remained in operation: 27 underground and 12 surface mines (fig. 5). The
number of surface mines, like production from surface mines, has been steadily declining. In
1988, there were 27 underground mines and 16 surface mines.
Since 1833, Illinois mines have produced more than 5.57 billion tons of coal (table 8). Sur-
face mines operating since 1911 account for 1.32 billion tons or 23.7% of the total production.
The peak year for surface mining was 1967 when production reached 37.2 million tons, where-
as underground mining hit a high in 1918 with 89.5 million tons.
The average output per underground mine reached a new peak of 1.76 million tons in 1992
after dropping 8% in 1991. The average surface-mine output increased about 1% in 1992;
however, output per mine has been decreasing after reaching a high of 1 .31 million tons in
1989 (table 9).
The trend in Illinois is toward fewer but larger coal companies. Of the 21 coal mining com-
panies operating in Illinois in 1992, the top five companies— Old Ben (Zeigler), Peabody, Con-
solidation, Monterey, and AMAX — contributed about 59% of the state's total output (table 10).
For comparison, the top five U.S. companies produced 26.1% of the national total in 1992. Pea-
body, Consolidation, AMAX, and Old Ben (Zeigler) are four of the top five U.S. companies.
70
60-
50-
g 40
o
c
o
E 30-
20-
10
total coal produced
underground mined
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
Figure 4 Trends in Illinois coal production, 1955-1992.
surface mines
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
Figure 5 Trends in the number of Illinois coal mines, 1955-1992.
Employment and wages In 1992, employment in Illinois coal mines declined 7.6% to 8,932
employees (table 9). Employment has declined about 51.3% from the 1981 level of 18,148 coal
mine employees. The decrease was 4.5% in underground mines and 21% in surface mines.
Mine productivity Productivity is measured in tons per shift per miner and calculated by multi-
plying average production per miner per hour by average length of a miner's shift. Unrounded
data are used in calculating the changes in percentages. The labor productivity of underground
mining operations increased 12% to 26.9 tons per shift per miner in 1992 — a 17.3% increase
over the previous high of 22.9 tons in 1969. In surface mines, labor productivity in 1992
increased 5.5% to 36.3 tons per shift per miner. The peak year was 1967 with 41.6 tons (fig. 6).
The productivity of Illinois' surface coal mines continues to fall farther behind the U.S. average.
Prices The average price (f.o.b. mine) of Illinois coal decreased 2.4% to $27.66 per ton in
1992 (table 7). Coal mined underground in Illinois averaged $27.93 per ton, down 3.9% from
the 1991 price, and surface-mined coal was $26.69 per ton, up 0.4% from the 1991 price.
Shipments Illinois coal was used in 18 states to generate electricity, manufacture coke, and
supply energy for other industries. In 1992, about 90% of Illinois coal was sold to electric utility
plants, about 1.0% to plants manufacturing metallurgical coke, and 7.7% to industrial plants and
retail dealers. Illinois' coal exports to foreign countries dropped to 1.25 million tons in 1992 from
1.27 million tons in 1991 (table 11). Shipments to electric utilities increased slightly from 52.5
million tons in 1991 to 52.6 million tons in 1992. Only 28.4% of shipments went to utilities in the
state. Out-of-state shipments to utilities increased 4%; 29% of the out-of-state shipments went
to Missouri, 28% to Georgia and Florida, and 24% to Indiana. All Illinois coal used for making
coke was used in coking plants in northwestern Indiana. Of the Illinois coal used for other
industrial activities, 71% was consumed in the state, and about 14% was shipped to Missouri,
7% to Wisconsin, 3% to Indiana, and the remaining 5% to other states.
Transportation Coal was shipped from mines to the consumer by rail, barge, and truck. Barge
or rail/barge combination has been gaining importance in Illinois as transportation costs become
an important aspect of price competition. Use of Illinois coal depends primarily on out-of-state
markets and transportation costs must be kept low to compete with other coals.
Tonnage
1990
1991
1992
Rail5
Local trade and truck"
Barge or rail/bargec
Rail lines
Illinois Central
Union Pacific
Norfolk Southern
Chicago & North Western
Burlington Northern
Others
Total raild
35,893,529
10,814,982
16,920,572
17,108,784
14,346,093
6,084,152
1,850,480
2,200,114
3,112,844
44,702,467
33,643,740
8,724,763
17,721,595
21,554,145
8,606,695
5,859,135
1,764,601
2,467,688
6,900,205
47,152,469
35,544,779
6,244,205
18,767,991
21,479,345
8,754,660
6,042,372
1,866,388
4,430,867
6,766,972
49,340,604
a Part of the rail tonnage is shown in the combined rail/barge category and some was shipped from inventory.
b Some of the coal was sent by truck to barge.
c Some of the coal was sent from mine to barge-loading facility by conveyor belt.
d Total rail includes part of the rail/barge shipments.
Source: Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals.
Consumption Illinois ranked seventh in coal consumption in 1992 after being fifth in 1991. Con-
sumption decreased 5.6% to 31.2 million tons in 1992 (table 12). Coal shipments from Illinois
mines to Illinois markets have declined steadily since the late 1960s. In 1990 and 1991, how-
ever, consumption increased in the state; then in 1992, consumption declined more than 3%,
back to the 1989 level. As figure 7 shows, coal imports from western states are increasing,
primarily because of the impact of the Clean Air Act on markets for high-sulfur coal. In 1968,
more than 82% of all coal consumed in state was also produced in state, as compared with
58% of coal produced and consumed in Illinois in 1992. Total coal consumption by electric
utilities in Illinois has fallen each year, and 1992 was no exception as consumption fell 5%.
Declines are the result of the increasing use of nuclear energy. Coking-coal consumption
increased 6.5% in 1992; however, all coal used came from out-of-state, 99% from Appalachian
states and 1% from western states. Industrial consumption, 81% of it in-state, still showed a
decrease of about 1 5%.
60
50
Illinois
United States
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 —
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990
Figure 6 Trends in the productivity of Illinois coal mining, 1955-1992.
50
10
total consumption
Illinois production
1968 1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
Figure 7 Coal consumption in Illinois, 1968-1992.
Crude Oil
Production Crude oil production in Illinois increased 0.4% after decreasing 37% during the
previous 6 years. Crude oil production in Illinois supplied only about 9% of the petroleum prod-
ucts needed in the state in 1992. Other states and foreign countries supplied the rest. The 1992
production of 19.1 million barrels of oil had a value of $368.6 million, with an average unit value
of $19.26 per barrel. This represents a 4.6% decrease in per-barrel value from that 1991 (table
1). Secondary production by waterflooding accounted for approximately 7.85 million barrels or
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
\
V
/total crude oil
rY^V— - -\ / production
\^
\ secondary \
V recovery \
J primary
/ recovery
i i i
i i i i i i i I
1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990
Figure 8 Annual crude oil production in Illinois, 1935-1992.
about 41% of the state's total. Pressure-maintenance operations produced an estimated
995,000 barrels or 5.2% of the state's total (fig. 8). About 3.44 billion barrels of oil has been
produced in Illinois during the past 104 years (table 13).
Illinois ranked 13th of 31 oil-producing states in 1992. Forty-six counties produced crude
oil (fig. 9, table 13). The following five counties produced more than 1 million barrels each,
contributing about 46.5% of the state's total oil production.
County
1991
1992
County
1991
1992
Lawrence
13.4%
13.0%
Crawford
11.0
9.2
White
9.1
8.5
Wayne
8.2%
9.4%
Marion
6.3
6.4
Total
48.0
46.5
An oil field producing more than 200,000 barrels per year is considered a major field in Illinois.
In 1991 and 1992, there were 12 major fields, which together produced 55.7% of the state's
total in 1992 (table 14). The two largest fields, Lawrence and Clay City Consolidated, each
produced 2 million barrels or more during 1992 or 23.7% of the state's total. In 1992, there
were 42 new wells with reported initial production of 100 or more barrels of oil per well per day.
The highest initial production reported during the year was 816 barrels of oil per day for a well
located in a field in White County. The average daily per-well production in Illinois is 1.65
barrels, so the state remains highly sensitive to oil price changes.
Crude oil production reached a peak of 147.6 million barrels in 1940 (fig. 8). From that
level, oil produced by primary recovery methods declined steadily until 1973, although some
years showed small gains. The introduction of the hydraulic rock-fracturing method in 1954 and
the increased use of waterflooding stabilized oil production at about 78 million barrels per year
from 1955 to 1962. Production fell steadily after 1962 as reserves were depleted. In 1989,
production dropped to 20.3 million barrels, the lowest since 1937 when production was just 7.4
million barrels. It continued to drop in 1990 to 20.0 million barrels and in 1991 to 19.07 million
barrels, but in 1992, it rose to 19.14 million barrels.
By December 1992, proved reserves were 138 million barrels, a 7.8% increase from that
of December 1991. Current reserves are 80.3% below the 700 million barrels of reserves of
January 1956, the post-World War II peak.
r^r->
30 60 mi
0 50 100 km
Barrels
2,000,000 or more
1 ,000,000 - 1 ,999,999
i 500,000 - 999,999
J 200,000 - 499,999
50,000 - 199,999
no production reported
Figure 9 Crude oil production in each county in 1992.
Refineries As of January 1993, Illinois had seven refineries operating in Cook, Crawford,
Lawrence, Madison, and Will Counties. Total refining capacity was 965,600 barrels of oil per
day, up 1.4% from January 1, 1992. Illinois' annual refining capacity far exceeds its total
consumption of petroleum products and makes the state a net exporter of petroleum products.
Low oil prices, although detrimental to crude oil producers, can work to the advantage of the
refining industry and the state's economy.
Consumption Reported consumption of major petroleum products in Illinois increased 2.6% in
1992 because of an increase in motor gasoline, lubricants, and asphalt and road oil. The use of
residual fuel oil, liquified gases, and kerosene declined (table 15).
QJ
<D
*♦—
o
O
c
o
electric utilities and other
residential
1955
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990
Figure 10 Consumption of natural gas in Illinois, 1955-1992.
Natural Gas
Production Natural gas is not produced in large quantities in Illinois, therefore the state is
almost totally dependent on other sources for its needs. In 1992, the state's reported production
of natural gas decreased 26% (table 16). Although production has been slowly declining for
several years, in the last 3 years it dropped 77%, primarily due to several depleted or idled gas
fields such as the Pittsburg field in Williamson County. There was no production in Williamson
County in 1992, although it was the top producer in 1991. St. Clair County, with 27% of the
state's total output, was the top producer in 1992. Gallatin County with 24% was second and
Saline County, also with 24%, was third (table 17). The average wellhead value of Illinois gas
decreased less than 1% from $2.17 per thousand cubic feet (Mcf) in 1991 to $2.15 per Mcf in
1992 (table 1).
Consumption Natural gas consumption in Illinois began to decline after 1971 and reached a
recent low in 1987. Since then, consumption has been generally rising in Illinois (fig. 10).
Reported consumption of natural gas decreased 0.5% in 1992 (table 18). Although the largest
percentage of decrease (28%) was for electric utilities, it represented only a small volume of
gas. Industrial and commercial usage increased slightly (0.2% and 0.3%, respectively). There
were small decreases in consumption in the residential (1.8%) and other sectors (6.8%).
Industrial and Construction Materials
Primary Barite
An accessory mineral in fluorspar ore, barite, is recovered as a byproduct by the fluorspar
industry of Hardin County. Ozark-Mahoning, the only producer in Illinois, continues to turn out
barite at its Rosiclare mill. Because of the small scale of the barite operation, the increases
shown in 1992 were 94% in production and 61% in value. Barite is used primarily as a
weighting agent in mud systems for drilling for oil and gas. Other uses include the manufacture
of paints, rubber, glass, and barium chemicals.
Clays
Production Shale, absorbent clay (fuller's earth), and common clay are mined in Illinois. A
partly consolidated bedrock clay is mined in southernmost Illinois to produce absorbent clay
products. Fuller's earth is also an absorbent clay or clay-like material that decolorizes and puri-
fies. In Illinois, deposits of unconsolidated surficial clays and consolidated bedrock clays and
10
2.6
total clay production
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
Figure 11 Common clay production in Illinois, 1955-1992.
shales are mined to produce common clay. Common clay is defined as a clay or clay-like
material that is sufficiently plastic to permit ready molding. The USBM reported Illinois clay
production (excluding fuller's earth) increased 4.1% from 566,741 tons in 1991 to 590,047 tons
in 1992 (fig. 11). Nationally, Illinois ranked 15th in quantity and 8th in the value of total clay
production. U.S. production of common clay decreased about 5% from 27.2 million in 1991 to
25.9 million in 1992. The total of all clay produced in the United States decreased 15.5%.
In 1992, the average value per ton of common clay in Illinois declined from $4.31 to
$4.00, making a total value of $2,362,467 for the year. Production of common clay was
reported from six companies in four counties. Livingston County was the leading producer of
common clay; La Salle County was second; Bond County was a close third; and Kankakee
County, fourth. In Pulaski County, only one company (Golden Cat Corporation) reported
production of absorbent clay (fuller's earth) at two pits. The combined total of the two pits'
production decreased about 20%, whereas their value was about 25% less in 1992.
Uses Common clays and shales mined in Illinois are used to manufacture bricks, drain tiles,
dinnerware, and cement. Manufacturing common brick used about 85% of the state's common
clay production in 1992; portland cement took 14%; and drain tile required the remaining 1%.
Absorbent clay is used in cat litter and oil-sweep compounds, as a filler and pelletizer in animal
feeds, and for steel casting.
Fluorspar
Production and shipments One company in southern Illinois was the only producer of fluorspar
in the United States. Ozark-Mahoning Company operated three mines — the Annabell Lee, Den-
ton, and No. 1 mines — and a flotation plant near Rosiclare in Hardin County. The company also
dried imported fluorspar to supplement production. Production decreased about 5% from 1991
to 1 992. The steady decline can be traced to the decreasing use of chlorofluorocarbons, as a
response to concerns about the environment, and to cheaper foreign imports (especially those
from China). The United States depends on foreign sources for most of its fluorspar.
Barite, copper, lead, silver, and zinc (sphalerite) concentrates were recovered as coprod-
ucts of fluorspar processing in Illinois. In the United States, about 60,000 tons of the byproduct
fluosilicic acid (FSA), equivalent to 105,600 tons of 92% fluorspar, was recovered. FSA was
used primarily in the aluminum industry for making aluminum fluoride and in water fluoridation,
either directly or after processing to sodium silicofluoride.
11
Consumption Reported U.S. consumption of fluorspar (acid spar and metallurgical spar) fell for
the fourth year, a drop of about 44% from 651,055 tons in 1988 to 365,000 tons in 1992. More
than 65% of the reported production went into hydrofluoric acid, the primary ingredient in most
organic and inorganic fluorine-bearing chemicals. Hydrofluoric acid is also used in processing
aluminum and uranium. The steel industry took about 15% of the fluorspar produced, using it
as a flux and in iron and steel foundries. The remainder was consumed in manufacturing glass,
welding-rod coatings, and enamels, and for fluoridating water.
The apparent U.S. consumption (production + imports - exports ± change in stocks)
increased 9% from 365,831 tons in 1991 to 399,000 tons in 1992. Apparent consumption has
gone down about 45% since 1988. The discrepancy between apparent and reported consump-
tion is often large for many minerals, including fluorspar, because users are more numerous
than producers or traders, and not all users report consumption to the USBM.
Consumption of metallurgical-grade fluorspar by the steel industry is decreasing drasti-
cally, partly because of the drop in steel output, but mainly because of continuing improvements
in efficiency and more rigid raw material specifications. These modernizations will probably
lower consumption of fluorspar for several years. Further decline in consumption is anticipated
as the government restricts use of chlorofluorocarbons in an effort to implement the Montreal
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
Sand and Gravel
Since 1981, the USBM has surveyed sand and gravel producers only in even-numbered years.
In odd-numbered years, estimates are published. In 1985, the USBM began compiling sand
and gravel production by district rather than by county to preserve the confidentiality of the data
(fig. 12). Data for individual counties are no longer available.
Production Sand and gravel deposits are widely distributed in Illinois. Glacial deposits, chiefly
valley trains and outwash plains, are the primary sources of construction sand and gravel.
Environmental restrictions, local zoning regulations, and land development continue to concern
the sand and gravel industry. New operations tend to locate away from highly populated areas.
Production in 1992 was 35.7 million tons, about 36% more than the 1991 estimated
production. The USBM has not revised their 1991 estimate, which appears to be much too low.
The combined value of sand and gravel was $123.7 million (table 19); the average estimated
unit value at the pit was $3.47 per ton, about a 1% increase from the 1991 estimate (table 1).
Illinois ranked seventh of the 50 states in production of sand and gravel in 1992.
Nine counties (McHenry, Kane, Lake, Du Page, Cook, Tazewell, Grundy, Woodford, and
Peoria), each producing more than 1 million tons, accounted for about 70% of the sand and
gravel production in Illinois. The concentration of about two-thirds of Illinois' population in Cook
and five surrounding metropolitan counties makes a ready market for sand and gravel. District 1
produced 63%; District 2, 11%; District 3, 19%; and District 4, 7%. In 1992, 113 companies
operated 149 pits in 54 counties of Illinois (fig. 12). About 38% of the state's production came
from operations of 1 million tons per year and more, as compared to 49% in 1990 (table 20).
As shown in figure 13, Illinois' sand and gravel production has grown more slowly than its stone
production in the past decade, a trend indicating a preference for stone in the construction
industry.
Transportation Because of its low unit price, most construction sand and gravel is not shipped
farther than 50 miles from the pit, although operations on navigable rivers may ship material
much farther by barge. About three-quarters of the material was shipped by truck in 1992; the
remainder was shipped by barge or rail, or used at the pit, for example, in asphalt production.
Consumption and uses Production reported is actually material sold or used; stockpiled
production is not reported until it is sold or consumed. Illinois sand and gravel is primarily used
as various types of construction aggregate for buildings and road construction.
Industrial Sand
Production The area best known for production of industrial (silica) sand from the St. Peter
Sandstone of Middle Ordovician age is the Ottawa district of La Salle County. Within the district,
the St. Peter is called the Ottawa Sand. Illinois again ranked first of 37 states in industrial sand
12
30 60 mi
50 100 km
county producing sand
and gravel
industrial sand production
Figure 12 Districts and counties producing sand and gravel in 1992.
production. The 4.4 million tons (17% of the U.S. total) produced in 1992 was a 6.4% increase
over the estimated tonnage for 1991. The total value decreased about 1% to $56.7 million. The
average unit value was estimated at $12.87 per ton, a decrease from the estimated $13.80 for
1991. Five companies operated six pits in La Salle, Mason, and Ogle Counties.
Transportation Industrial sand was shipped mainly by rail in 1992; however, a significant
amount is still shipped by truck and a small amount by barge.
Consumption and uses Industrial silica sand was produced in both ground and unground
forms. Unground sand is used primarily in glass manufacturing. Other uses include sand for
molding, blasting, grinding and polishing, railroad traction, filtration, and propping (frac sand) for
hydrofracturing reservoir rock in oil wells. Ground sand is used in chemicals, abrasives, enam-
els, pottery, porcelain, tile, and various fillers.
Unimin Corporation, U.S. Silica Company, Manley Brothers, and Fairmont Minerals Ltd.
mined silica sand in the Ottawa district of La Salle County, and Unimin's operation in Ogle
County mined sand for glass, blasting, foundry, and frac sand markets. Manito Investment
13
1950 1955
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985
1990
Figure 13 Stone production compared with sand and gravel production in
1950-1992.
hnois,
Company mined Quaternary-age quartz-feldspar dune sand in Mason County for foundry sand
and the amber-colored giass market.
Stone
Since 1981, the USBM has surveyed stone production only in odd-numbered years. Estimated
data are given for 1992 and actual data for 1991. In 1985, the USBM began compiling stone
production in Illinois by district (fig. 14). Data for individual counties are no longer available.
Production Limestone and dolomite quarries are located where thick stone deposits occur
near the surface because of upwarping of bedrock and erosion of overlying materials.
Crushed stone is the state's most important rock product. In 1992, Illinois continued to
rank second in production of crushed stone among 49 producing states. An estimated 72.7
million tons of stone was produced Illinois in 1992, a 6% increase from 68.6 million tons
produced in 1991. Total value was estimated at $322.8 million, a 9.3% gain. In 1991, the last
year for which actual figures are available, 53 of the state's 102 counties reported production
(fig. 14). A small amount of dimension stone was produced by one producer in Kane County.
Shipments Stone, a bulk commodity, is used primarily near the quarry, so more than one-half
of the stone produced was transported by truck. A small percentage was used at the site and
the remainder went by rail or barge. Waterways were put to use by some producers along the
Illinois, Ohio, and Mississippi Rivers. Crushed stone was barged to in-state destinations as well
as to Pennsylvania and Gulf Coast markets in Alabama, Texas, and Louisiana. The Illinois
Central Railroad uses stone produced in Illinois for ballast throughout its entire system.
Consumption and uses Stone is used primarily as construction aggregate in portland cement,
in bituminous highway construction as road-base stone, and in manufacturing portland cement.
It also has chemical, agricultural, and environmental uses. The small amount of dimension
stone mined in Illinois is used as veneer for houses, small retaining walls, rubble, and flagging.
Tripoli
Production The term tripoli refers to microcrystalline silica. Unimin Specialty Minerals Inc., a
division of Unimin Corporation, is the nation's leading producer of tripoli. Located in Alexander
County in southern Illinois, Unimin is the only producer of high-grade tripoli in Illinois.
14
Figure 14 Districts and counties producing stone in 1991.
Tripoli is mined in only four states. Illinois has remained the nation's largest producer of
tripoli and accounts for more than 70% of the total U.S. production in 1992. Tripoli production
figures are confidential.
Consumption and uses Tripoli processed in Illinois is used as filler in paints, plastics, and
rubber products, and as an abrasive in buffing and polishing compounds, soap, and toothpaste.
Some iron-stained tripoli is now being used in the manufacture of portland cement.
Metals
Zinc, Lead, Silver, and Copper
Production Minerals bearing zinc, lead, silver, and copper are recovered from fluorspar ore
mined in Hardin County by Ozark-Mahoning Company. In 1992, zinc (sphalerite concentrate)
production increased about 9% and value jumped 20%. Small amounts of lead, copper, and
silver were reported for 1992. These metals, byproducts of the fluorspar industry, have been
produced in relatively small quantities and only add a small amount to the total value of miner-
als produced in the state.
15
Other Minerals
Peat
All commercial sales of peat in the United States (excluding imports) are for agriculture and
horticulture. Three types of peat — reed sedge, moss, and peat humus — were produced in Illi-
nois by four companies: Dahl Enterprises and Roots Peat Farm in Lake County, and Hyponex
Corporation and Markman Peat Company in Whiteside County. Illinois ranked fifth of 20 states
in production of peat. In 1992, peat production and value jumped 41% and 34%, respectively.
More than 96% of the state's peat was sold in package form for general soil improvement.
Small amounts were sold in bulk form for nurseries and earthworm cultivation.
Gemstones
Production of fluorite and accessory minerals is limited to mineral-specimen grade in Illinois. As
a result, gemstones contributed little to the total value of mineral production. The estimated
value of gemstones must be withheld in Illinois; however, it increased about 31% in 1992. Illi-
nois ranked 15th of 50 states producing gemstones.
MINERALS PROCESSED
Minerals extracted mainly in other states or foreign countries but processed in Illinois include
ground barite, calcined gypsum, crude iodine, iron-oxide pigments, natural gas liquids, expand-
ed perlite, pig iron, sulfur, exfoliated vermiculite, primary slab zinc, and secondary slab zinc.
The total value of processed minerals is incomplete because the two largest producers of pig
iron did not respond to the USBM annual survey and, therefore, no figures are available for pig-
iron production in the state.
Ground Barite
J. M. Huber Corporation in Quincy, Adams County; American Minerals in Rosiclare, Hardin
County; and Harcros Pigments in East St. Louis, St. Clair County, continued to process ground
barite. The ground barite processed in Illinois is used almost exclusively as a filler or extender
in paints.
Columbium and Tantalum
Fansteel in Cook County is no longer processing columbium-tantalum concentrate imported
from foreign countries, but the firm retains a corporate office in North Chicago. Columbium and
tantalum are used primarily to produce various steel alloys.
Calcined Gypsum
The National Gypsum Company in Lake County processed calcined gypsum from gypsum
mined in Michigan. The product is used primarily for prefabricated housing materials such as
wallboard, which is increasingly in demand. It is used in manufactured (mobile) homes and in
the building and remodeling of homes and offices. Repair and remodeling remained a strong
market for the gypsum industry.
Production and value of calcined gypsum increased about 10% in 1992 as the economy
began to gain slowly. Although gypsum wallboard prices hit a 14-year low early in 1992, they
rebounded by the end of the year and were expected to continue rising during 1993 as the con-
struction industry continued to recover.
Crude Iodine
Crude iodine was processed into inorganic compounds for commercial use at three Illinois
plants: Allied Signal Company in Metropolis, Massac County; West Agro in Des Plaines, Cook
County; and ECHOLAB in Joliet, Will County. Although crude iodine is used primarily as a
catalyst or stabilizer, it also is added to animal feed, salt, inks, colorants, pharmaceuticals, sani-
tary products and industrial disinfectants. Consumption in Illinois increased about 32% in 1992.
Iron-Oxide Pigments
Finished pigments were produced from iron ore imported from other states by five companies:
the Prince Manufacturing Company in Adams County, George B. Smith Color Company in Kane
County, AST Company in Madison County, Harcros Pigments in St. Clair County, and Solomon
16
Grinding Service in Sangamon County. The types of natural iron-oxide pigments produced
included black (magnetite), brown iron oxide, red iron oxide (including pyrite and cinder), and
yellow iron oxide. Synthetic black, brown, red, and yellow iron oxides were also produced. Illi-
nois continued to rank second nationally in value of finished iron-oxide pigments.
Natural Gas Liquids
Natural gas liquids include ethane, propane, isobutane, unsplit butane, and a combination of
gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas. Natural gas liquids were processed in Douglas County by
the U.S. Industrial Chemical Company, a division of Quantum Chemical Corporation. The U.S.
Department of Energy reports that the 942 million cubic feet of gas processed in Illinois in 1992
was all produced in Illinois. The total liquids extracted from gas in Illinois amounted to 88,000
barrels.
Expanded Perlite
Crude perlite mined outside the state was processed to expanded perlite by three companies:
Silbrico Corporation in Cook County, Illinois Strong-Lite Products Corporation in La Salle
County, and Manville Products Corporation in Will County. (Scheller International Corporation
acquired Manville Products in 1992.) Production and value of expanded perlite decreased 6.2%
and 15.1%, respectively, but the average price per ton increased 8.4% in 1992. Illinois ranked
fifth of 33 states in quantity of expanded perlite sold and used.
Expanded perlite is used primarily in roof insulation board and for horticultural purposes.
Other uses include lightweight aggregate for concrete and plaster, insulation, and filters.
Pig Iron and Raw Steel
The American Iron and Steel Institute in Washington, D.C., ranked Illinois fifth in raw steel
production. The state produced 7.24 million tons or 8.6% of the U.S. output in 1992. Although
there was a slight gain in raw steel production — less than 1% in 1992 — major changes seem to
indicate problems.
Acme Steel Company changed its name to Acme Metals Inc. to reflect corporate restruc-
turing— not the company's basic strategy of making steel for niche customers. Acme produces
steel, steel strapping and strapping tools, welded steel, pipes and tubes, and automotive jacks.
Acme is studying the feasibility of installing a thin slab caster/hot strip mill at its Riverdale facil-
ity to replace the present ingot pouring and rolling and narrow hot strip mill facilities. It would
use steel produced in Acme's basic oxygen furnace, also at Riverdale in Cook County.
Inland Steel Company has been restructuring to reduce losses and staff. They hope to
cut staff by 3,600 to 4,000 workers. Laclede Steel Company is also restructuring. They will
close their wire mill in Alton, Illinois, and expand their wire-making facility as well as construct a
recovery plant to process hazardous dust in Hammond, Indiana. The Hammond operation is
closer to the company's major market. Laclede's mini-mill at Alton will not be affected by the
closing. National Steel Corporation will shut down its cold-roll finishing units at their Granite City
steel plant. Some employees will be transferred to the Mishawaka plant in Indiana where they
are moving their headquarters from Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.
The St. Anne Foundry plant at Kankakee in Kankakee County was destroyed by fire, but
the company has indicated that it will rebuild. USX Corporation closed its southeast Chicago
South Works steel mill. They are negotiating with a mini-mill operator, which plans to purchase
the plant for manufacture of stainless steel. Civic leaders are also evaluating the site for a
housing project to relocate people, if a new airport is located at Lake Calumet.
Several companies have announced new plants or facility upgrades. Amsted Industries of
Chicago plans to reopen Am Steel Foundries in Granite City. Birmingham Steel Corporation's
Illinois Steel Division at Kankakee has been completely upgraded. Laclede Steel has improved
its pipe finishing and shipping facility in Vandalia, Fayette County, and its caster mold and
electric arc furnace in Alton, Madison County. National Steel, the nation's fourth largest
steelmaker, brought its new slab caster online at its Granite City steel plant.
In the United States, pig iron was produced by 15 companies in approximately 60 blast
furnaces, of which 42 to 44 were in continuous operation. Five blast furnaces are in Illinois. At
the same site, steel-making furnaces used most of the pig iron in liquid form for refining raw
steel.
17
Slag (Iron and Steel)
In 1992, Illinois ranked fifth of 28 states in the quantity of iron and steel slag sold or used. Four
companies operating eight plants in Clay, Cook, Madison, and Whiteside Counties processed
slag from iron and steel furnaces. The slag was used mostly for construction aggregate — road-
base material, asphaltic concrete, railroad ballast, and fill — and also for the manufacture of
mineral wool.
Recovered Elemental Sulfur
Illinois ranked seventh nationally of 28 states in quantity and value of recovered elemental sul-
fur. Four companies in three counties, Crawford, Madison, and Will, recovered elemental sulfur
as a byproduct of their oil refinery operations. Although sales of sulfur increased 12.2% from
239,736 tons in 1991 to 269,062 tons in 1992, its total value decreased 29.7% from $17.5
million in 1991 to $12.3 million in 1992, indicating a precipitous drop in sulfur prices. Sulfur
differs from most other major mineral commodities in its primary use as a chemical reagent
rather than as a component of a finished product. The largest use is for agriculture, as a
component of phosphatic fertilizers.
Exfoliated Vermiculite
Illinois ranked third nationally of 20 states in quantity of exfoliated vermiculite sold in 1992.
Exfoliated vermiculite processed from crude vermiculite mined outside the state was produced
by three companies in Du Page, La Salle, and Macoupin Counties. Sales increased 17.8% and
value, 17.4%, in 1992. The average value per ton decreased slightly (0.4%). In Illinois, exfoli-
ated vermiculite has the following uses:
1991 (%) 1992 (%)
Loose-fill insulation
19.4
17.5
Block insulation
21.8
29.6
Concrete and plastic aggregate
13.8
7.3
Horticulture and agriculture
19.8
42.1
Fireproofing and other uses
25.2
3.5
Primary and Secondary Slab Zinc
U.S. refined metal production was up slightly from 1991 and the highest since 1981. Only
three companies in the United States operated four primary zinc refineries, including one in
Illinois: the Big River Zinc Company at Sauget.
U.S. smelter production was near capacity and the highest since 1981. There were ten
secondary smelters processing secondary slab zinc in the United States, including one in
Illinois: the Illinois Smelting Company in Cook County.
Although production data for individual states are not available, consumption data indicate
that Illinois was the top consumer of slab zinc and accounted for more than 15% of the reported
U.S. consumption.
Most of the secondary feed was crude zinc calcine recovered from dust generated by steel-
making using electric arc furnaces (EAF). The dust was processed at the Horsehead Resource
Development Company (HRD) plants in Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. At Alton, Illinois,
Laclede Steel Company was constructing a facility that could process 36,000 tons of EAF-
generated dust per year. Production was scheduled for early 1992.
Eagle Zinc Company at Hillsboro, Illinois is the only domestic producer of zinc oxide by the
American process. This is sold directly for use in animal feed and other agricultural purposes.
PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED FROM MINERALS
MINED IN AND OUT OF STATE
Cement
Production In 1992, portland cement manufacturing in Illinois consumed an estimated 4.0
million tons of raw materials. Raw materials may include cement rock (an argillaceous lime-
stone containing calcium, silica, alumina, and magnesia), limestone, clay, shale, sand, fly ash,
slag, gypsum, and tripoli. Illinois ranked eighth of 39 states in quantity of portland cement pro-
duced. Masonry cement contributed little to the total value of products manufactured, and Illi-
nois ranked last of 36 states producing masonry cement. Cement was produced by the Illinois
18
0.0
total consumption
1955
1960
1965
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990
Figure 15 Production and consumption of finished portland cement in Illinois, 1955-1992.
Cement Company, a subsidiary of Centex Corporation, and Lone Star Industries, both in La
Salle County; Dixon-Marquette Cement, a subsidiary of Prairie Materials Sales in Lee County;
and Missouri Portland Cement Company, a division of Cementia Oldings AG in Massac County.
All four companies produced portland cement, and all except Illinois Cement Company pro-
duced masonry cement, although in very small quantities.
Sales of portland cement increased 1.3% in 1992, with the value per ton increasing about
1% from $41.21 in 1991 to $41.61 in 1992 (table 22). Nearly all the cement was delivered by
truck in bulk form, although small amounts were shipped by rail and barge.
Consumption Illinois ranked fourth behind California, Texas, and Florida in consumption of
cement products in 1992. About 3.3 million tons of portland cement (fig. 15) and 73,452 tons of
masonry cement were consumed in Illinois. According to these figures, the use of portland
cement decreased by 10.8%, and masonry cement, by 9.8%. Beginning in the late 1970s and
1980s, an increasing portion of the cement consumed in the state was also was being manu-
factured in the state.
Clay Products
For up-to-date information about the amount and value of clay products manufactured in Illinois,
the Illinois State Geological Survey sends questionnaires every year to all in-state producers.
In 1992, clay products were valued at $54.1 million, 13.6% lower than in 1991. Whiteware
and pottery decreased from $36.1 million in 1991 to $34.7 million in 1992. All other clay prod-
ucts decreased from $26.5 million in 1991 to $19.4 million in 1992. The Regal China Company
at Antioch in Lake County closed on June 30, 1992, after showing no production for the year.
Coke
Production All data on coke production in Illinois have been withheld. U.S. production
decreased about 2.6% from 24.0 million tons in 1991 to 23.4 million tons in 1992. U.S. coke
breeze production decreased less than 1%.
Consumption and uses Coke is used for pig-iron production, foundry and other industrial
purposes, and residential heating. U.S. coke consumption increased 8.9% from 27.5 million
tons in 1991 to 30.0 million tons in 1992. The United States imports coke from Japan and
smaller amounts from Australia, Canada, and United Kingdom. Coke breeze was used as fuel
in steam and agglomerating plants. State-by-state data on coke breeze are no longer available.
U.S. breeze distribution increased 9.6% from 2.1 million tons in 1991 to 2.3 million tons in 1992.
19
total consumption
quicklime
1955
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990
Figure 16 Consumption of quicklime and hydrated lime in Illinois, 1955-1992.
Glass
Glass and/or fiberglass is manufactured in Du Page, Lake, La Salle, Logan, McLean, Macon,
Madison, Marion, Montgomery, St. Clair, and Will Counties. Production data are not available.
Ball Corporation purchased the assets of Kerr Glass Manufacturing Corporaton, which manufac-
tures glass containers mainly for the food processing industry. The Kerr manufacturing facility in
Plainfield, Will County, was included in the purchase.
Lime
Production Illinois ranked seventh of 33 states in production of lime. The top seven states
— Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Alabama, Kentucky, Texas and Illinois — accounted for 63%
(11.3 million tons) of the total U.S. output. Although Illinois lime data cannot be disclosed, both
production and value increased about 1% after decreasing about 10% in 1991. Three plants in
Cook County supplied the state's entire output. Two plants owned by Marblehead Lime Com-
pany, a division of General Dynamics, produced quicklime and hydrated lime; the Vulcan
Materials Company plant produced quicklime. Marblehead Lime Company, with two plants in
Illinois and one each in Indiana and Michigan, was the third largest company producing lime in
the United States in 1992.
Consumption and uses In 1992, Illinois consumed 546,000 tons of quicklime, 9.5% less than
in 1991, and 182,000 tons of hydrated lime, 3.4% more than in the previous year (fig. 16). The
steel industry remains the main consumer of lime, which is used as a flux in steel refining to
remove impurities. In recent years, since the steel industry has been in a depressed state, con-
sumption has been relatively low. Steel output is expected to increase modestly, however, as
power plants, municipal water plants, and chemical firms showed an increased use of lime.
Lime consumption for flue gas desulfurization is expected to show some growth as a result of
the passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990. The phase I compliance dead-
line is January 1, 1995, which means that utility companies have decided on their compliance
strategies by this reporting in mid-1994. If the use of lime is a tactic in the compliance strate-
gies, the consumption data for 1993 and 1994 should show an increase.
20
PREUMINARY PRODUCTION DATA: 1993
Minerals Extracted
The total value of minerals mined in 1993 was an estimated $2.1 billion, a decrease of 20.6%
from 1992, according to preliminary data (table 23). This decrease reflects the 30% drop in coal
production, mainly due to a strike by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA). Even then,
coal continued to be the leading mineral commodity in Illinois and contributed about 56.4% of
the total value. The construction aggregates — stone, sand and gravel — ranked second with
25.4% of the total value, and crude oil came in third with 16.1%.
Fuels
Fossil fuel production was valued at about $1.5 billion in 1993, 26.4% less than in 1992.
Coal The estimated per ton value of coal in 1993 was $27.66, the same as in 1992. Coal
production decreased an estimated 30% to 42.2 million tons in 1993 because of the UMWA
strike. This drop will put Illinois in sixth place nationally behind Wyoming, Kentucky, West
Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Texas.
Consumption of Illinois coal in the United States during the first 9 months of 1993 dropped
26.6% (table 24). Total coal consumed in Illinois in the first 9 months was up slightly (1.1%)
after decreasing about 6% in 1992 (table 25). Some electric utility companies turned to stock-
piles to make up for deliveries disrupted by the strike and the severe flooding that closed the
Mississippi River to barge traffic for about 6 weeks.
The Illinois Coal Development Board (ICDB) broke ground for a coal gasification plant at
the Illinois Coal Development Park in Carterville. The plant will test a process to convert Illinois
high-sulfur coal into environmentally safe and economically efficient products. The process will
also generate liquid byproducts for use in making plastics and gasoline, and another byproduct
that will be used to help operate other commercial mild-gas plants.
Crude oil and natural gas Crude oil production in 1993 is estimated to be 19.1 million barrels,
a 1.7% decrease from production in 1992 (table 23). Production is estimated to have a value of
$17.50 per barrel, making the total worth $334.1 million. Oil price per barrel is estimated to
have decreased about 9% from 1 992.
Natural gas production and value are estimated to have decreased more than 22%. The
estimated unit value is $2.30 per Mcf in 1993.
Industrial and Construction Materials
The major flooding that occurred in the Mississippi and Illinois River valleys during the summer
of 1993 had little impact on Illinois mineral producers. Only a few had to shut down. Those
affected most were dependent on barges for transportation.
Illinois continued to rank 16th nationally in the value of nonfuel minerals produced in 1993
and accounted for 2.32% of the nation's total. Preliminary data for 1993 show Illinois still
leading the nation in production of fluorspar, industrial sand, and tripoli and ranking second in
production of crushed stone. Stone and sand and gravel increased slightly, both in production
and value; whereas clays dropped significantly in 1993. The industrial minerals sector is
expected to rebound slowly, given relatively low interest rates for housing starts and also the
support of the Federal highway construction program.
Metals and Other Minerals
Zinc (sphalerite concentrate) and barite were the only byproducts for which production esti-
mates were reported from the Illinois fluorspar mines in 1993. Zinc production was estimated to
have decreased 2%, whereas barite was expected to have decreased 75%. Copper and lead
were also mined in 1993, but estimates of their production were not available. Production of
these metals, byproducts of the fluorspar industry, remained relatively small, adding less than
2% to the state's nonfuel mineral production.
Minerals Processed
Preliminary data for 1993 are not yet available for most of the minerals processed in Illinois.
The American Iron and Steel Institute reported that Illinois raw steel production increased to
21
7,948,655 net tons, up 9.7% from 1992. The steel plants are continuing to restructure and
upgrade to be more efficient and economical but less expensive to operate as they try to keep
pace with foreign competition.
Gains made by the gypsum industry are expected to continue in 1993 as residential con-
struction, primarily of single family housing, continues to grow. Industry reports indicate that
home repairs and remodeling, including "do-it-yourself" projects, constitute the growth sectors.
Products Manufactured from Minerals
Preliminary figures for 1993 show that production and value of portland cement were approxi-
mately the same as they were in 1992. Illinois remains a top consumer of portland cement.
Masonry cement production stayed about the same as in 1992; however, its value is expected
to decrease. It is expected that lime production and value will increase slightly (less than 1%).
As more clay-product plants go out of business, clay production will probably drop.
22
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25
Table 3 Minerals extracted, processed, and manufactured in Illinois, 1992a (listed by county)
County
Approximate rank
(based on total value")
Minerals extracted
(order ot value0)
Minerals processed
(order of value)
Minerals manufactured
(order of value)
Adams
29
Stone, sand/gravel, crude oil
Iron oxide pigments
ground barite
Alexander
37
Tripoli
—
Bond
67
Crude oil, sand/gravel, clay
—
Boone
73
Sand/gravel, stone
—
Brown
88
Crude oil
—
Bureau
76
Sand/gravel
—
Calhoun
95
Stone
—
Carroll
91
Stone
—
Cass
—
—
—
Champaign
61
Sand/gravel
—
Christian
15
Coal, crude oil, stone
—
Clark
46
Crude oil, stone, sand/gravel
—
Clay
35
Crude oil
Slag
Clinton
11
Coal, crude oil, natural gas,
—
Coles
48
Sand/gravel, crude oil,
stone, natural gas
—
Cook
5
Stone, sand/gravel
Expanded perlite, si;
Crawford
Cumberland
De Kalb
DeWitt
Douglas
Du Page
Edgar
Edwards
Effingham
Fayette
Ford
Franklin
Fulton
Gallatin
Greene
Grundy
Hamilton
Hancock
Hardin
Henderson
Henry
Iroquois
Jackson
Jasper
Jefferson
Jersey
Jo Daviess
Johnson
Kane
Kankakee
Kendall
Knox
Lake
La Salle
23
82
66
84
68
30
77
47
50
32
94
2
41
9
89
65
54
86
19
78
93
72
59
42
6
92
90
56
22
44
63
28
38
Clay products
Crude oil, sand/gravel
Crude oil, sand/gravel
Stone, sand/gravel
Crude oil
Stone, crude oil
Stone, sand/gravel
Crude oil, natural gas
Crude oil
Crude oil, natural gas,
Crude oil, sand/gravel, stone,
natural gas
Sand/gravel
Coal, crude oil
Coal, sand/gravel
Coal, crude oil, sand/gravel,
natural gas
Stone
Sand/gravel
Crude oil
Stone, crude oil
Stone, fluorspar, zinc, gemstones,
barite, silver, germaniumd
Stone
Stone, sand/gravel
Stone
Stone, sand/gravel, crude oil
Crude oil
Coal, crude oil
Stone
Stone, sand/gravel
Stone
Stone, sand/gravel, dimension stone
Stone, clay, sand/gravel
Stone, sand/gravel
Sand/gravel, peat
Industrial sand, stone,
sand/gravel, clay
pig irond, secondary slabd
zincd, crude iodine
Sulfur
Iron-oxide pigments
Natural gas liquidsd
Exfoliated vermiculite
Lime, coke
Glass0
Ground/crushed barite
Slag
Calcined gypsum, crude
iodined, columbiumd
Exfoliated vermiculite
Clay products
Clay products
Portland cement,
clay products,
masonry cement,
glass"
26
Table 3 continued
Approximate rank
Minerals extracted
Minerals processed,
Minerals manufactured
County
(based on total valueb)
(order of valuec)
(order of value)
(order of value)
Lawrence
17
Crude oil, sand/gravel
—
—
Lee
16
Stone
—
Portland/masonry
cement
Livingston
45
Stone, clay, sand/gravel
—
—
Logan
21
Coal, stone, sand/gravel
—
Glass"
Macon
71
Sand/gravel, crude oil,
—
Glassd
Macoupin
7
Coal, crude oil
Exfoliated vermiculite
—
Madison
33
Stone, crude oil
Sulfur, slag, pig irond,
Clay products,
coke , glassd
sand/gravel
iron-oxide pigments
Marion
31
Crude oil
Secondary slab zincd
Glassd
Marshall
80
Sand/gravel
—
—
Mason
51
Industrial sand
—
—
Massac
26
Stone
Crude iodine
Portland/
masonry cement
McDonough
40
Coal, stone, crude oil
—
Clay products
McHenry
27
Sand/gravel
—
—
McLean
74
Sand/gravel
—
Fiberglassd
Menard
69
Stone
—
—
Mercer
—
—
—
—
Monroe
81
Stone, crude oil
—
—
Montgomery
39
Stone, crude oil
—
Glassd
Morgan
98
Crude oil
—
—
Moultrie
97
Crude oil, sand/gravel
—
—
Ogle
36
Industrial sand, stone,
sand/gravel
—
—
Peoria
60
Sand/gravel
—
—
Perry
1
Coal, crude oil
—
—
Piatt
96
Sand/gravel
—
—
Pike
70
Stone, sand/gravel
—
—
Pope
—
—
—
—
Pulaski
20
Clay, stone, sand/gravel
—
Clay products
Putnam
83
Sand/gravel
—
—
Randolph
4
Coal, stone, crude oil, sand/gravel
—
—
Richland
43
Crude oil
—
— .
Rock Island
64
Stone, sand/gravel
—
—
St. Clair
18
Stone, sand/gravel,
crude oil, natural gas
Iron-oxide pigments,
ground barite
Primary slab zincd
Glassd
Saline
3
Coal, crude oil, natural gas
sand/gravel
—
—
Sangamon
52
Sand/gravel, crude oil, stone
Iron-oxide pigments
—
Schuyler
34
Coal, crude oil, stone
—
—
Scott
87
Stone
—
—
Shelby
85
Crude oil, sand/gravel, stone
—
—
Stark
—
—
—
—
Stephenson
75
Stone, sand/gravel
—
—
Tazewell
55
Sand/gravel
—
—
Union
53
Stone
—
—
Vermilion
49
Stone, sand/gravel
—
—
Wabash
10
Coal, crude oil
—
—
Warren
79
Stone
—
—
Washington
13
Coal, crude oil
—
—
Wayne
24
Crude oil
—
—
White
12
Coal, crude oil, sand/gravel
—
—
Whiteside
62
Peat, stone, sand/gravel
Slag
—
Will
25
Stone, sand/gravel
Sulfur, expanded perlite
Glassd
Williamson
14
Coal, crude oil
—
—
Winnebago
58
Stone, sand/gravel
—
—
Woodford
57
Sand/gravel
—
—
Undistributed
Crude oil
—
—
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Mines, Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, and Illinois State Geological Survey.
Because some values are not available by county, ranking cannot be exact.
Stone production; 1992 data were estimated to rank each county.
Value unknown.
27
Table 4 Employment and wages in the Illinois mineral industry, 1991-19923
1991
1992
Industry
No. of
employees
(1000)
Average
weekly
earnings
($)
Average
hours
worked/week
Average
hourly
earnings
($)
No. of
employees
(1000)
Average
weekly
earnings
($)
Average
hours
worked/week
Average
hourly
earnings
($)
Mining
19.2
700.90
41.4
16.93
17.3
679.39
39.8
17.07
Masonry, stonework
16.4
727.50
37.5
19.40
15.5
704.32
35.5
19.84
Stone, clay, glass
19.5
477.60
40.0
11.94
20.0
485.62
40.3
12.05
Primary metal industries
54.6
576.58
42.9
13.40
49.1
583.10
42.5
13.72
Blast furnaces
24.0
589.11
42.2
13.96
20.9
608.52
42.2
14.42
Iron and steel foundries
7.9
642.78
42.4
15.16
6.4
622.91
40.9
15.23
Petroleum and coal products 10.1
695.12
41.9
16.59
10.1
684.75
41.5
16.50
Gas products and distribution 8.2
683.79
45.8
14.93
8.1
692.19
46.3
14.95
Total mineral-related
159.9
613.05
41.8
14.68
147.4
612.21
41.2
14.96
Total nonagricultural
5,220.1
5,234.9
Goods producing
1,165.1
1,133.5
Service producing
4,055.1
4,101.4
Source: Illinois Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security.
Table 5 Minerals consumed in Illinois compared with U.S. consumption, 1 991-1 992a
1991
1992
Illinois %
Illinois %
of U.S.
of U.S.
Commodity
Unit
U.S.
Illinois
consumpton
U.S.
Illinois
consumption
Fuels
Coal
million tons
887.7
34.7
3.91
892.3
31.6
3.54
Coke
million tons
24.2
NA
—
Distillate fuel oils
million bbl
1,066.0
36.1
3.39
1 ,090.0
36.4
3.34
Gasoline
million bbl
3,168.0
110.9
3.50
3,200.0
113.9
3.56
Kerosene
million bbl
17.0
0.2
1.19
15.0
0.1
0.67
LPG and ethane
million bbl
616.0
14.9
2.42
642.0
12.5
1.95
Natural gas
trillion cu ft
19.1
1.0
5.18
19.5
1.0
5.08
Residual fuel oil
million bbl
423.0
3.5
0.82
401.0
2.4
0.60
Metals
Pig iron
million tons
45.8
2.5
5.51
48.1
2.4
4.93
Lead
thousand tons
1,246.3
71.5
5.74
1,240.0
NA
—
Zinc (slab)
thousand tons
763.8
116.4
15.23
1,005.0
NA
—
Construction materials
Air-cooled slag
million tons
10.9
—
—
Asphalt and road oil
million bbl
162.0
7.9
4.89
166.0
9.3
0.06
Cement
million tons
78.1
3.3
4.23
89.7
3.6
4.01
Sand and gravel
million tons
780.3
26.3
3.37
809.1
28.1
3.47
Stone
million tons
1,102.9
68.6
6.22
1,161.5
72.7
6.26
Agricultural and chemical materials
Feldspar
thousand tons
573.0
NA
—
590.0
NA
—
Fluorspar
thousand tons
483.6
NA
—
365.0
NA
—
Limeb
thousand tons
17,300.0
779.0
4.50
17,887.0
728.0
4.07
Salt
Evaporated
thousand tons
8,546.0
489.0
5.72
NA
NA
—
Rock
thousand tons
15,586.0
1 ,530.0
9.82
NA
NA
—
a
b
NA
Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of Energy.
Excludes regenerated lime.
Not available.
28
Table 6 Fuels and energy consumed in Illinois, 1991-19923
1992
Change
1991-1992
(%)
Trillion Btub
Fuel Units 1991
1991ce 1992d
Coal
thousand tons
34,677
Natural gas
million ft3
987,589
Gasoline
thousand bbl
110,960'
Kerosene
thousand bbl
203
Distillate fuel oil
thousand bbl
36,149
Residual fuel oil
thousand bbl
3,454
Liquid petroleum gases
thousand bbl
14,539s
Nuclear power
million kWh
71,866
Hydropower
million kWh
70
TOTAL
31,612
993,000
113,895
142
36,377
2,354
12,482
73,742
69
Illinois percentage of total U.S. energy consumption
Percentage of total energy consumed in Illinois
Coal
Natural gas
Oil products
Nuclear power
Hydropower
-8.8
+0.5
+2.6
-30.0
+0.6
-31.8
-14.1
-2.6
-1.4
733.3
668.3
1,006.4
1,001.3
585.3e
601.2
1.2
0.8
210.6
211.9
21.7
14.8
52.5e
45.2
771.8
787.4
0.7
0.7
3,383.5e
3,331.6
4.2
4.1
21.67
20.06
29.75
30.06
25.75
26.23
22.81
23.63
0.02
0.02
100.00
100.00
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration.
Fuel conversion factors: gasoline— 5,253,000 Btu/bbl; kerosene— 5,670,000 Btu/bbl; distillate fuel oil— 5,825,000 Btu/bbl;
residual fuel oil— 6,287,000 Btu/bbl.
1991 fuel conversion factors: coal— 21,146,000 Btu/ton; natural gas— 1,019 Btu/Mcf; LPG— 3,614,000 Btu/bbl; nuclear
power— 10,740 Btu/kWh; hydropower— 10,352 Btu/kWh.
1992 fuel conversion factors: coal— 21,142,000 Btu/ton; natural gas— 1,018 Btu/Mcf; LPG— 3,624,000 Btu/bbl; nuclear
power— 10,678 Btu/kWh; hydropower— 10,335 Btu/kWh.
Revised.
29
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30
Table 8 Coal production in Illinois counties, 1 833-1 992a
Cumulative tota
I Cumulative total
Cumulative total
Cumulative total
surface production production
surface production
production
County
(tons)
(tons)
County
(tons)
(tons)
Adams
338,147
341 ,924
Macoupin
—
337,161,705
Bond
—
7,355,569
Madison
37,843
164,295,772
Brown
41,761
74,068
Marion
—
39,247,722
Bureau
1 1 ,094,808
53,823,055
Marshall
4,779
12,516,141
Calhoun
—
96,247
McDonough
4,961,066
7,569,547
Cass
—
212,477
McLean
5,544,139
Christian
—
355,957,930
Menard
—
13,462,005
Clark
4,482
4,482
Mercer
67,080
15,519,862
Clay
801
801
Monroe
—
8,284
Clinton
—
76,562,194
Montgomery
—
141,824,660
Coles
—
210,930
Morgan
13,564
190,787
Crawford
17,315
45,400
Moultrie
—
2,032,236
Douglas
—
44,397,202
Peoria
32,702,938
96,718,740
Edgar
1,587,442
2,295,898
Perry
387,332,001
491,175,248
Effingham
—
796
Pike
2,224
5,081
Franklin
—
701 ,374,664
Pope
34,704
36,266
Fulton
240,41 1 ,533
317,006,919
Putnam
—
10,071,893
Gallatin
11,191,409
53,355,553
Randolph
103,711,596
237,318,163
Greene
71,090
693,191
Richland
35
154
Grundy
1 ,635,422
40,872,430
Rock Island
—
3,846,169
Hamilton
—
6,172,927
St. Clair
116,444,567
367,370,806
Hancock
459,329
771,281
Saline
65,006,743
319,815,712
Hardin
—
40
Sangamon
—
233,449,607
Henry
9,065,783
22,910,053
Schuyler
1 1 ,048,655
12,752,071
Jackson
60,531,911
128,204,823
Scott
3,790
612,476
Jasper
—
23,739
Shelby
925
4,119,763
Jefferson
5,353,358
166,256,683
Stark
8,342,056
9,569,336
Jersey
2,290
120,350
Tazewell
—
17,633,802
Johnson
72,781
314,325
Vermilion
30,651,670
165,878,433
Kankakee
18,284,342
19,192,105
Wabash
12,082
44,394,114
Knox
62,601,174
65,896,605
Warren
132
685,466
La Salle
2,345,878
65,547,638
Washington
—
37,271,317
Livingston
139,091
10,111,437
White
—
14,075,328
Logan
—
25,088,376
Will
29,333,708
37,553,733
Macon
—
1 1 ,000,468
Williamson
106,545,871
463,856,056
Woodford
—
7,810,160
Total cumulative
surface
Estimated production,
production,
all counties,
1911-1992
1,321,508,176
1833-1881
73,386,123
Total cumulative
Total cumulative
production,
production,
1882-1992
5,491,685,332
1833-1992
5,565,071,455
Source: Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals, Annual Coal, Oil and Gas Reports. This table was revised to place
production in the county where the tipple is located.
31
Table 9 Employment and production by method of coal mining in Illinois, 1981-19923
Underground
Surface
Average
Average no.
Average
Average no.
No. of
No. of
production/
employees/
No. of
No. of
production/
employees/
Year
mines
employees
mine (tons)
mine
mines
employees
mine (tons)
mine
1981
31
13,351
943,081
431
27
4,797
835,672
178
1982
32
10,554
1,115,121
330
28
4,397
919,439
157
1983
31
10,514
1 ,076,464
339
23
4,245
1 ,087,096
185
1984
31
10,857
1,288,564
350
21
3,946
1 ,206,843
188
1985
32
11,386
1 ,207,769
356
20
3,445
1,091,432
172
1986
31
10,379
1,320,375
335
20
3,170
1,115,084
159
1987
28
9,263
1,399,588
331
19
2,925
1,135,416
154
1988
27
8,830
1,477,178
327
16
2,684
1 ,248,037
168
1989
27
8,729
1,501,026
323
15
2,376
1 ,306,890
158
1990
26
7,740
1 ,654,275
298
16
2,389
1,165,371
149
1991
29
7,844
1,521,809
270
15
1,823
1 ,060,204
122
1992
27
7,490
1,758,658
277
12
1,442
1 ,070,673
120
Source: Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, Annual Coal, Oil and Gas Report.
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35
Table 13 Crude oil production in Illinois counties, 1888-1992; value for 1991 and 1992a
1888-1992
1991
1992
cumulative
% of total
% of total
1991-1992
production
Production
Illinois
Valued
Production
Illinois
Valued
production
County
(1000 bbl)
(1000 bbl)
production
($1000)
(1000 bbl)
production
($1000)
% change
Adams
292
5
0.0
101
3
0.0
53
-4.7
Bond
8,311
63
0.3
1,273
61
0.3
1,171
-3.5
Brown
2,191
37
0.2
755
35
0.2
682
-5.3
Champaign
7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Christian
30,741
256
1.3
5,159
251
1.3
4,832
-1.8
Clark-Cumberland
95,277
265
1.4
5,351
299
1.6
5,761
+12.9
Clay
151,437
917
4.8
18,510
880
4.6
16,944
-4.0
Clinton
88,904
215
1.1
4,343
229
1.2
4,401
+6.3
Coles
25,558
159
0.8
3,203
129
0.7
2,476
-19.0
Crawford
257,449
2,089
11.0
42,185
1,764
9.2
33,967
-15.6
De Witt
3,949
54
0.3
1,084
52
0.3
1,006
-2.8
Douglas
3,684
5
0.0
104
6
0.0
123
+23.9
Edgar
4,833
81
0.4
1,629
78
0.4
1,497
-3.6
Edwards
58,244
488
2.6
9.852
423
2.2
8,138
+13.4
Effingham
20,624
253
1.3
5,104
300
1.6
5,784
+18.8
Fayette
413,962
975
5.1
19,691
969
5.1
18,654
-0.7
Franklin
83,154
675
3.5
13,629
598
3.1
11,519
-11.4
Gallatin
56,671
293
1.5
5,917
293
1.5
5,635
-0.2
Hamilton
138,917
309
1.6
6,232
257
1.3
4,945
-16.8
Jackson
115
4
0.0
85
2
0.0
40
-50.8
Jasper
62,620
661
3.5
13,342
616
3.2
1 1 ,872
-6.7
Jefferson
96,758
710
3.7
14,342
712
3.7
13,707
+0.2
Lawrence
430,631
2,559
13.4
51,657
2,479
13.0
47,753
-3.1
Macon
2,740
66
0.4
1,343
49
0.3
944
-26.3
Macoupin
415
10
0.1
196
9
0.1
178
-5.0
Madison
18,946
75
0.4
1,521
104
0.5
2,001
+37.9
Marion
437,782
1,209
6.3
24,410
1,225
6.4
23,590
+ 1.3
McDonough-
Hancockc
5,703
2
0.0
49
2
0.0
48
+2.1
Monroe
169
20
0.1
399
23
0.1
439
+15.4
Montgomery
165
2
0.0
43
2
0.0
44
+7.1
Morgan
6
1
0.0
20
1
0.0
17
-10.5
Moultrie
140
2
0.0
42
2
0.0
42
+4.5
Perry
970
8
0.1
162
5
0.0
103
-33.2
Piatt
8
f
0.0
3
—
—
—
—
Randolph
5,048
11
0.1
218
34
0.2
649
+211.7
Richland
113,831
611
3.2
12,329
611
3.2
1 1 ,770
+0.1
St. Clair
3,699
20
0.1
409
21
0.1
412
+5.4
Saline
25,405
226
1.2
4,571
202
1.1
3,886
-10.9
Sangamon
5,343
79
0.4
1,586
79
0.4
1,512
0.0
Schuyler
248
13
0.1
257
11
0.1
217
-11.8
Shelby
2,364
52
0.3
1,058
46
0.2
877
-13.1
Wabash
123,689
931
4.9
18,806
863
4.5
16,615
-7.4
Washington
36,973
360
1.9
7,266
377
2.0
7,267
+4.8
Wayne
281,060
1,572
8.3
31,744
1,799
9.4
34,640
+14.4
White
321,431
1,728
9.1
34,888
1,628
8.5
31,363
-5.8
Williamson
2,875
39
0.2
785
44
0.2
847
^13.1
Other"
20,097
955
5.0
19,288
1,566
8.2
30,165
+63.9
TOTAL6
3,443,435
19,066
100.0
384,941
19,137
100.0
368,586
+0.4
Source: Illinois State Geological Survey.
Could not be assigned to individual field or county.
No oil production reported for Hancock County in 1971-1978; 156 bbl was produced in 1991 and 277 bbl in 1992.
Value calculated at an estimated average price of $20.19/barrel for 1991 and $19.26/barrel for 1992.
Data may not add up to totals shown because of independent rounding.
Less than 1,000 bbl.
36
Table 14
Crude oil production from major fields (moi
e than 200,000 barrels per year)
in Illinois, 1991-
-1992a
1991
1992
1991-
chanc
Field
County
Production
(1000 bbl)
% of Illinois
total
Production
(1000 bbl)
% of Illinois
total
-1992
|e (%)
Lawrence
Lawrence
Crawford
Clay City
Consolidated
Clay
Wayne
Richland
Jasper
Main Consolidated
Crawford
Lawrence
Jasper
Salem
Marion
Jefferson
Louden
Fayette
Effingham
New Harmony
Consolidated
White
Wabash
Edwards
Sailor Springs
Consolidated
Clay
Jasper
Effingham
Phillipstown
Consolidated
White
Edwards
Roland
Consolidated
White
Gallatin
Albion Consolidated
Edwards
White
Allendale
Wabash
Lawrence
Johnsonville
Consolidated
Wayne
Herald
Consolidated
White
Gallatin
TOTAL
2,504.5
1,998.4
930.8
858.6
811.5
405.8
365.5
280.4
238.6
222.9
b
214.4
10,945.4
13.1
2,114.0 11.1
10.5
4.9
4.5
4.3
2.1
1.9
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.1
57.4
2,412.6
2,116.8
790.2
10,667.5
12.6
11.1
4.1
55.7
-3.7
+0.1
1,667.4
8.7
-16.6
945.7
4.9
+1.6
848.5
4.4
-1.2
-2.6
374.3
2.0
-7.8
392.9
2.1
+7.5
258.2
1.3
-7.9
225.8
1.2
-5.4
203.8
1.1
-8.6
431.4
2.3
,
-2.5
a Source: Illinois State Geological Survey.
b Less than 200,000 barrels of oil per year.
37
Table 15 Petroleum products consumed in Illinois, 1 988-1 992a
1988
1989d
1990°
1991c
1992
20,344
120,176
124,538
110,960
113,895
350
367
174
203
142
33,662
34,565
42,529
36,149
36,377
5,908
4,048
3,622
3,454
2,354
3,369
3,455
3,556
3,181
3,243
45,341
12,389
12,471
14,539
12,482
5,604
8,052
8,339
7,917
9,293
28,278
28,145
30,692
28,797
32,665
242,855
211,199
225,918
205,201
210,451
Motor gasoline
Kerosene
Distillate fuel oil
Residual fuel oil
Lubricants
Liquefied gases
Asphalt and road oil
Otherc
TOTAL
Source: State Energy Data Report, U.S. DOE/EIA-0214.
Aviation and motor gasoline and jet fuel.
Includes natural gasoline, unfractionated stream, plant condensate, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas,
nonelectric utility sector use of petroleum coke, still gas, wax, unfinished oils, motor gasoline and aviation gasoline
lending components, and miscellaneous products.
Revised.
Table 16 Natural
gas production in
Illinois,
1 985-1 992a
Withdrawals (million cu ft)
Gas
Oil
Year
wells
wells
Total
1985
1,228.0
96.0
1,324
1986
1,545.9
341.6
1,888
1987
1,215.2
155.8
1,371
1988
1,289.5
181.2
1,471
1989
1 ,268.0
209.0
1,477
1990
653.0
24.0
677
1991
453.0
13.0
466
1992
336.0
10.0
346
Source: Illinois State Geological Survey.
38
Table 17 Natural gas production from large fields in Illinois counties, 1 990-1 992a
County
Production (million
cuft)
Change (%)
Gas field
1990
1991
1992
1990-1991
1991-1992
Liberty
Adams
181.7
41.3
e
-77.3
—
Stolletown
Clinton
33.3
18.8
b
-43.5
—
Mattoon
Coles
60.6
32.9
41.1
-45.7
+24.9
Ashmore East
Edgar
28.2
21.5
26.7
-23.8
+24.2
Omaha
Gallatin
58.3
81.0
83.0
+38.9
+2.5
St. Libory
St. Clair
104.6
95.1
93.7
-9.1
-1.5
Eldorado West
Saline
38.4
38.5
44.2
+0.3
+14.8
Harco East
Saline
—
b
37.7
—
—
Raleigh South
Saline
b
b
e
-2.5
—
Pittsburg
Williamson
133.9
101.5
e
-24.2
—
Other"
37.9
35.5
19.3
-6.3
-45.6
TOTALc
676.9
466.1
345.6
-31.1
-25.9
Source: Illinois State Geological Survey. Fields producing 20 million cu ft or more.
Louden, Fayette, and Effingham Counties (1990, 1991, 1992); Eden, Randolph County; Eldorado Consolidated, Saline
County (1990, 1991); Raleigh South, Saline County (1990, 1991); Harco East, Saline County (1991); Stolletown,
Clinton County (1992).
Data may not add up to totals shown because of independent rounding.
Depleted.
Idled.
Table 18 Natural gas consumed in Illinois, 1991-19923
1991
1992
Consumers
Quantity
(million
cuft)
% of total
consumption
Quantity
(million
cuft)
% of total
consumption
1991-1992
change (%)
Residential
466,970
47.3
475,597
47.9
+1.8
Commercial
193,842
19.6
194,517
19.6
+0.3
Industrial
302,691
30.6
303,146
30.5
+0.2
Electric utilities
12,865
1.4
9,290
0.9
-27.8
Vehicle fuel
7
—
1
—
-85.7
Total delivered
to consumers
976,374
98.9
982,551
98.9
+0.6
Other uses"
1,215
1.1
10,449
1.1
+760.0
Total consumption
987,589
100.0
993,000
100.0
+0.5
a Source: U.S. Department of Energy.
b Includes lease and plant fuel, pipeline fuel, and extraction loss.
0 Not available.
39
Table 1 9 Production and value of sand and gravel in districts of Illinois,8 1 992b
County
Companies0 Operations
Total quantity
(1000 ton)
Value
($1000)
District 1
Boone
Jo Davies
Rock Island
Bureau
Kane
Stephenson
Cook
Lake
Whiteside
De Kalb
McHenry
Will
Du Page
Ogle
Winnebago
Henry
District 2
Adams
Peoria
Sangamon
Fulton
Pike
Tazewell
Logan
District 3
Champaign
Kendall
Moultrie
Clark
La Salle
Piatt
Coles
Livingston
Putnam
Cumberland
Macon
Shelby
Ford
Marshall
Vermilion
Grundy
McLean
Woodford
Kankakee
District 4
Bond
Jackson
Randolph
Crawford
Lawrence
Saline
Fayette
Madison
St. Clair
Gallatin
Pulaski
White
51
16
45
18
59
18
52
20
22,405
3,966
6,823
2,501
83,095
12,053
21,330
7,242
TOTAL
113'
149
35,695
123,720
a See figure 9.
b Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines.
0 Column does not add up to the total shown because some companies have operations in more than one county.
Table 20 Illinois sand and gravel production by size of operation, 1990 and 1992a
1990
1992
Size of operation
No. of
Production8
%0f
No. Of
Production"
%of
(tons/years)
operations
(1000 tons)
total
operations
(1000 tons)
total
less than 25,000
31
227
0.7
30
264
0.7
25,000 to 49,999
17
628
1.9
11
392
1.1
50,000 to 99,999
28
2,121
6.6
29
2,077
5.8
100,000 to 199,999
32
4,757
14.7
34
5,172
14.5
200,000 to 299,999
14
3,402
10.5
16
3,884
10.9
300,000 to 399,999
6
2,067
6.4
6
1,974
5.5
400,000 to 999,999
6
3,388
10.4
15
8,495
23.8
1 ,000,000 and more
9
15,790
48.8
8
13,437
37.7
TOTAL
143
32.380
100.0
149
35,696
100.0
Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines. As a result of the canvassing procedure used for sand and gravel production, 1991
information will not be available.
40
Table 21 Use of sand and gravel produced in Illinois, 1990 and 1992a
199C
)
1992
1990-92
1990-92
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
change in
change in
(1000 tons)
($1000)
(1000 tons)
($1000)
quantity (%)
value (%)
Sand and gravel
Construction operations
Building
16,427
47,969
10,185
31,835
-38.0
-33.6
Paving
7,638
31,525
8,166
35,974
+6.9
+14.1
Fill
3,700
9,354
3,920
11,375
+5.9
+21.6
Other usesb
4,616
15,880
13,424
44,536
+190.8
+180.5
Totalc
32,380
104,728
35,695
123,720
+10.2
+18.1
Industrial sancf
Totalc
4,328
56,142
4,410
56,741
+1.9
+1.1
Total sand and gravel0
36,708
160,870
40,105
180,461
+9.3
+12.2
a Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines.
b Includes railroad ballast and other unspecified materials
0 Data may not add up to totals shown because of independent rounding.
d Data on use for industrial sand are no longer received.
41
Table 22 Portland cement manufactured in Illinois, 1 991-1 992a
Change (%)
1991
1992
1991-1992
Active plants
4
4
—
Production (tons)
2,665,000
Shipments from mills
Quantity (tons)
2,815,967
2,854,000
+1.35
Value ($)
116,046,000
118,747,000
+3.19
Average value/ton
41.21
41.61
+0.97
Stocks at mills, Dec. 31
(tons)
310,000
a Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines.
Table 23 Illinois mineral production data for 1992 compared with preliminary data for 1993a
1992
1993
Chang
1992-
e (%)
Value
Value
1993
Minerals extracted
Unit
Quantity
($ 1000)
Quantity
($ 1000)
Quantity
Value
Fuels
Coal
thousand
60,332
1 ,668,778
42,246
1,168,524 b
-30.0
-30.0
Crude oil
thousand bbl
19,137
368,586
19,090 b
34,075 b
-1.7
-10.7
Natural gas
million cu ft
346
743
250 b
575 b
-22.7
-22.6
Industrial and construction materials
Stonec
thousand tons
72,700 '
332,800 '
73,500
338,100
+1.1
+4.7
Sand and gravel
thousand tons
40,105
180,461
41,273'
189,389'
+2.9
+4.9
Clayd
thousand tons
590
2,362
188
1,147
-68.1
-51.4
Metals, gemstones
and
other undisclosed6
63,845
42,080
-34.1
Total value of minerals extracted
2,607,575
2,073,895
-20.5
Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines and Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals.
Estimated by Illinois State Geological Survey.
Dimension stone included with values that cannot be disclosed.
Excludes fuller's earth; included with values that cannot be disclosed.
Includes fluorspar, zinc, barite, peat, gemstones, and fuller's earth for 1992 and 1993, and copper, lead,
silver, tripoli for 1992 with no estimate for 1993.
Estimated data.
42
Table 24 Illinois coal shipped to consumers in the United States, 1991— 1993a
1991
1992
1993
Jan-Sept
Jan-Sept
Jan-Sept
1991-1992
1992-1993
Consumers
(1000 tons)
change (%)
change (%)
Electric utilities
39,169
40,078
28,559
+ 2.3
-28.7
Coke and gas plant
498
421
240
-15.5
-43.0
Retail dealers
257
209
249
-18.7
+19.2
Industrial plants
2,764
3,005
3,122
+ 8.7
+ 3.9
Used at mine
5
1
—
-80.0
—
Foreign
846
954
629
+12.8
-34.1
Total
43,539
44,668
32,799
+ 2.6
-26.6
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Coal Distribution, January-September 1991 and 1992,
and Quarterly Coal Report, January-September 1993.
Table 25 Total coal consumed by end-use sectors in Illinois, 1 991-1 993a
1991
1992
1993
Jan-Sept
Jan-Sept
Jan-Sept
1991-1992
1992-1993
Consumers
(1000 tons)
change (%)
change (%)
Electric utilities
20,672
19,515
18,782
-5.6
-3.8
Coke and gas plant
1,056
1,240
1,594
+17.4
+28.6
Retail dealers
174
203
189
+16.7
-6.9
Industrial plants
3,185
2,613
3,276
-18.0
+25.4
Total
25,087
23,571
23,842
- 6.0
+ 1.1
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Quarterly Coal Report, January-September, 1991,
1992 and 1993.
43
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