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3) Descriptive Catalogue ; 


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SAPALE: FRUIT, 


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SHED POTATOES. 


CULTIVATED AND FOR SALE AT THE 


7 4 BUSHBERG VINEYARDS & ORCHARDS, Laas 


JEFFERSON CO., MO. 
WITTE 
‘Brief Directions for Planting and. Cultivating. - 


TSIDOR’“BRUSH & SON.” 


4 


PROPRIETORS. 


~ SAINT LOUISE ue 
K.P. SEUDLEY & CO,, PRINTERS AND MANUPACTURING STATIONERS, 
Sy Belge ISG9, 


| |W. McINTYRE, 


Publisher, Bookseller, 
| STATIONER, | 
| VHEFTH STREET, CORNER OF MARKET, i 
| ST, LOUIS, MO. 


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Me Sin) int | oes | 


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1869. | 1870. 


ILLUSTRATED 


DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 


OF 


SCRAPE: VINES, 


SMALL FRUIT, 
SFA DD) POW A: DT ORS...» 
CULTIVATED AND FOR SALE AT THE 
BUSHBERG VINEYARDS AND ORCHARDS, 
JEFFERSON COUNTY, MO., 
WITH 
Brief Directions for Planting and Cultivating. 


4 
- 


ISIDOR BUSH & SON, 
PROPRIETORS. VG 
weet hei EO 


SAINT LOUIS: 
R. P. STUDLEY & CO., PRINTERS AND MANUFACTURING STATIONERS, 
1869, 


Nor Entered, according to Act of Congress, etc. 
We have copied from the works of Husmann, Muench, Fuller, from the Grape Culturist, and other sources We have 
given them due credit in the proper places, and have also given our own views freely. All are welcome to 
copy from us, and all we claim in fairness is, that those who do so give this little work due credit. 


7 a 


TO OUR CUSTOMERS. 


Our success in grape growing, and in the propa- 
gating business of grape vines, has been highly sat- 
isfactory, in fact, far beyond our expectations, the 
demand for our plants exceeding our stock. In 
view of the very great competition even of large 
well known and long established nurseries, this 
success is highly flattering, and has encouraged us 
to increase our efforts so as to produce for next 
season a large stock, not excelled by any other estab- 
lishment in the country in quality, and embracing 
almost every valuable variety. With our increased 
facilities we are now enabled to offer both a large 
and better stock, and at reduced prices, which, taking 
quality mm consideration, will be found as cheap as the 
same varieties can be obtained from any other re- 
sponsible party. 

We do not pretend to furnish ‘ better and cheaper 
vines than can be afforded by any other establish- 
ment.’? We do not pretend that ‘‘money-making is 
secondary with us,’’ we leave this to others; all we 
do claim is, that we hope to merit a reasonable share 
of patronage, the continued confidence of our cus- 
tomers, and a fair profit. 

In this connection, we cannot refrain from referring 
with a certain pride to the voluntary assurances of 
satisfaction we received, some of which are published 
herewith. Desiring to return our thanks to our 
customers in an appropriate and tangible form. 
and to respond to a desire often expressed by our 
correspondents, we concluded to present them with 
a fine Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue, wherein 
the characteristic and relative merits of our differ- 
ent varieties are clearly stated. 

We leave it to others to judge of its merits. We 
tried to get up something better than a mere price 
list, something that will be interesting and useful to 
progressive grape culturists, and have not spared 
time, labor and money in preparing it. But what- 
ever merit it may have, it is largely due to the in- 
formation we received from our friend and teacher 
Mr. George Husmann, from his valuable ‘‘ Grape 
Culturisé”’ (a new monthly devoted to this subject) ; 
to our skillful propagator, Mr. Henry B. Kelley, 


and to the description of varieties by G. W. Camp- 
bell, A. S. Fuller, F. R. Elliott, and others, which 
we compared with our own experience here. It has 
become customary to prefix to a descriptive Cata- 
logue of fruits and flowers some brief directions for 
their cultivation, and we have been urged to do the 
same; to some extent it is also true that, as a treatise 
on grape culture would not be complete without a 
description of varieties, so is a description of vari- 
eties incomplete without some rules about their 
treatment. 

We are aware, however, that some short and very 
incomplete directions, ‘‘a few hints,’’ do more harm 
than good. They generally only confuse the tyro 
or misrepresent grape growing as a very easy mat- 
ter, requiring no larger outlay of capital, nor any 
more knowledge, skill, and labor than to produce a 
crop of corn. This we do not wish todo. But on 
the other hand we are also aware that the excellent 
but somewhat costly books on grape culture, by 
Fuller, Husmann, and others, are not purchased by 
every grape grower, and that many of these are 
somewhat afraid of reading whole books; moreover, 
considerable progress has been made in grape cul- 
ture since these books were written: their very 
authors, indefatigable horticulturists as they are, 
have by study and experience, modified their views 
on some points, but have not had time or encour- 
agement enough from their publishers to re-write 
their works for new editions. These facts are so 
palpable, that lately some very indifferent, cheap 
little pamphlets (such as the Grape Growers’ Guide, 
by J. Keech), have been published and found ready 
sale, and thus we came to the conclusion that a 
short manual containing plain but full directions 
in regard to the planting, culture, and training ot 
Grape Vines, and offered free to our customers, 
and to all who apply for less than its cost, will be 
welcome. Although we have not simply copied 
from other works, we do not claim originality, but 
hope that at least some of those interested in 
grape culture may derive pleasure and profit from 
reading it. 


Pe S LM Gata as. 


EXTRACTS FROM LETTERS OF OUR CUSTOMERS. 


Sr. CHARLES, Mo., Nov. 9th, 1868. 
Messrs. Busu & SON: 

Gentlemen :—Hundred Rogers No. 1 came duly to 
hand; also your favor of 5thinst. The vines are jine. 


Cc. IT. MALLINCKRODT. 


ARLINGTON, Mo., March, 1869. 
Tstipor BusH & SON: 

THE vines I got of you last fall were ‘the best I ever 
saw sent out from a nursery—stout, healthy looking, 
and excellently well rooted. As long as you treat me 
so well I shall not experiment with other dealers. 


Very respectfully, &c., : 
¢. W. GILL. 
Per J: H. GILL. 


COLLINSVILLE, Itis., Nov. 14th, 1869. 
IstpoR BusH, Esq.: 

Dear Sir:—The 180 Hartford grape roots came to 
hand a few days since, and were finer than any grape 
plants I have received from any one whom If have yet 
got grape roots of. Ina word, they were fine. 

GEO. A. MILLER. 


OENTRAL POSTOFFICE, St. Louis Co., Mo., July 380, 769. 
Messrs. Istpor BusH & SON: 

The plants purchased of your firm this spring, com- 
prising ten different varieties to the number of 3,000, 
have given very good satisfaction. They have all 
proved to be vigorous growers and give promise of 
complete success for the future. 

CHAS. BRACHES, 
“S PRINGFIELD NURSERY,’’? SPRINGFIELD, Mo., April 10, °69. 

Messrs. IstpoR BusH & SON: 

Gentlemen :—\ have just finished planting the 4,000 
grape vines you sold me last November. They were 
shipped so late I had some fear of frost, but they were 
so well packed that they arrived in the very best condi- 
tion, giving satisfaction in quality also, for the whole 
lot are healthy, well rooted vines. Should you always 
send out such stock, your business will advertise itself 
and prosper. Very respectfully, 

D. S. HOLMAN. 


Mo., June 15, 1869. 


u Mr. VERNON, 
IsipoR BusH & SON: 


Please let me have your new price list and descrip- 
tive catalogue at your earliest convenience. I will want 
to get some stock 7 the fall; it is the best time for 
shipping. Hereafter I would rather risk them shipped 
the last of February than in the growing season. Trans— 
portation is so very uncertain from the terminus of the 
railroad that it would be better to risk a freeze than 
the delays in the advanced season. It was from two to 
four weeks later than I ever set vines; nevertheless, 
most of the grapes are doing fine. I lost but a few; 
Ives all grew; Norton’s done well. 

Yours, &e., THOS. STEPHENS. 


Wesron, Mo., April 30, 1869. 
Isipor BusH & SON: 

Dear Sirs:—The shipment of vines came to hand 
about the 5th of the month, and have been all planted. 
They were delayed over ten days on the railroad, and 
I feared some of them might have been injured, but I 
am gratified to inform you they have nearly all lived 
and look well. The very low prices at which you sell 
such thrifty vines ought to recommend you to the 
grape growers of the State. I have yearly given away 
numbers of my own vines, to arouse an interest with 
our people to the grape as one of the future sources of 
Missouri’s wealth. Respectfully and truly yours, 

JNO. DONIPHAN. | 


CENTRAL, St. Louis Co., Mo., July 27, 1869. 
Messrs. IstpoR BusH & SON: 

It gives me pleasure to inform you that all the vines 
purchased of you have (with but very few exceptions) 
made an excellent growth. Most of the new varieties, 
though grown from single eyes and only one year old, 
had enough of fully ripened wood, thin, but of sufficient 
length to plant deep, and all their roots were magnifi- 
cent. These plants had to withstand on our grounds a 
terrible hailstorm, just at the time when the buds were 
opening, but they were of such health and vigor that 
they made new shoots, and are now from two to three 
feet in length. Even of the Hermann, of which you 
had given us your last six plants, representing them 
yourself as of inferior quality, one only failed, and this 
one through a carelessness. [ was aware that these 
‘*Hermann’’ were grown from budded roots and had 
apparently made but a few inches growth last season; 
but as none others of this rare and new variety could 
be obtained, they received special care, and are now 
growing finely. From this it will be seen that grape 
vines grow from single eyes under glass, and then pro- 
perly hardened, are in no way interior to those grown 
in the open air. 

I vemember that this method was practiced forty 
years ago by my father, then manager of a large nur- 
sery in Prussia; and my own experience has taught 
me even that plants, grown in propagating houses at 
the proper season, from well developed green cuttings, 
made vigorous live plants, in nowise inferior to those 
grown in any other manner, provided always that they 
had perfect roots. Certain plants can not be propa- 
eated except from green cuttings, and have been so 
grown for more than half a decade; mm fact, with some 
species of the Conifer and Myrtace family no other 
method of propagation is practicable. I fear that 1 
have detained you too long with my remarks and close, 
wishing that all your customers may attain equally 
favorable results. Yours, respectfully, 

ED. V. KRAUSNICK. 


REFERENCES.—We may also refer to the following 
well known horticulturists : 


Hon. Geo. Husmann, Bluffton, Mo.; Hon. Fred. 
Miiench, Femme Osage, Mo.; Mr. Sam. Miller, Bluff- 
ton, Mo.; Messrs. C. W. Spalding, Chas. Peabody, 
L. D. Morse, Henry Michel, St. Louis, Mo.; Mr. John 
E. Mottier, Northeast Pa.; Mr. W. H. Lewis, San- 
dusky, O.; Messrs. Silas Boardman & Co., Rochester, 
N. Y., and to the trade generally. 


Cll ATE. 


OF 


SOlLE AND ASPECT 


AMERICAN GRAPE VINES. 


Whether the Grape Vine is a native of Asia, and than two inches in July, August, and September, 


has followed the footsteps of man from the shores 
of the Caspian Sea, and ‘‘intertwined its tendrils 
with civilization and refinement in every age,’’ or 
whether the hundreds of varieties that now exist 
spring from different primordial forms or species, 
certain it is that, although the Grape Vine may be 
found in Europe from the Tropic of Cancer to the 
Baltic Sea, and in America from the Gulf to the 
Lakes, the Vine is nevertheless peculiarly the 
growth of definite climatic conditions; so much so 
that even in its most adapted climate there are 


| 


often seasons if not of failure, at least of an imper- | 


fect development of its fruit. From long and care- 
ful observations of temperature and moisture in 
years of success and of failure, we have finally 
arrived at some definite conclusions respecting the 
meteorological influences affecting the grape.* 

1st. No matter how excellent the soil, if there is < 
less average than fifty-five degrees of temperature for 
the growing months of April, May, and June, and a 
less average than sixty-five degrees for the maturing 
months of July, August, and September, there can 
be no hope of success; and where the temperature 
averages sixty-five degrees for the former months, 
and seventy-five degrees for the latter, other condi- 
tions being equal, fruit of the greatest excellence 
can be raised, and wine of the greatest body and 
finest quality can be produced. 

2d. When there is an average rain fall of six 
inches for the months of April, May, and June, and 
an average of five inches for the months of July, 
August, and September, other conditions favorable, 


we cannot succeed in raising grapes. When the aver- | 


age rain fall for the first months is not more than 
four inches, and the average for the latter is not 
more than three inches, other conditions favorable, 
the hardy varieties can be cultivated with success. 
But where there is less average rain fall than five 
inches for April, May, and June, and a less average 


*Dr. J. Stayman: The meteorological influence affecting 
the grape. 
9° 


~ 


| all other conditions being favorable, fruit of the 


| to the grape. 


best quality can be raised, and wine of the greatest 
body and excellence can be made. ‘The humidity 
of the atmosphere in some countries, the dryness of 


| the air in others, will, of course, materially change 


the proportioa of rainfall required for or injurious 
Here, a clear sky and dry atmosphere 
high temperature and very little rainfall for the lat- 
ter three months, and a less change of temperature 
than 50 degrees in twenty-four hours, any time of 
the year, are the most favorable conditions for.suc- 
cess.* 

There are only a few countries where the grape 
will, in favorable seasons, grow to perfection. Spe- 
cies found in the lower latitudes will not flourish if 
removed further north; the natives of higher latitudes 
will not endure the southern heat; the Scuppernong 
cannot ripen north of Virginia; the fox grape of 
the North will scarcely grow in the lower regions of 
Carolina or Georgia; a vine which produces deli- 
cious grapes in Missouri may become very inferior 
in the most favored localities of New Hampshire. 

Thus the climate, the mean temperature as well 
as the extremes, the length of the growing season, 
the relative amount of rain, the ameliorating influ- 
ence of lakes and large rivers, the altitude as well 
as the soil, have an almost incredible influence on 
various varieties of grapes; and a judicious choice 
of locations adapted to the grape, and of varieties 
adapted to our location, its climate and soil, is 
therefore of the first importance. 

The constitution of the European varieties (Vitis 
vinifera) is not fitted to withstand our sudden 
changes of temperature, and from extreme humidity 


*The correctness of these conclusions has been but foo 
well confirmed this season (1869). With us, at Bushberg, 
the quantity of rain that fell in June amounted to over eight 
inches, and was followed by severe rot. In proportion as 
the abundant rainfalls extended and continued, the grape 
crop of this season must necessarily prove a failure. 
We may here as well observe that the strength of the must 
by Oechsle’s scale stated in our description of varieties, is 
partly from tests in 1867, a very favorable season in the West, 
the grape having been remarkably rich, 


6 BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


“ 


to extreme dryness; disease, and the death of the 
plants after a few years, are the inevitable result, and 
all attempts to acclimate this species of grape east 
of the Rocky Mountains have proved failures.* We 
must look, then, to species which we find indigen- 
ous Here (and their descendants) for success in grape 
culture, and in fact to only three of them,} viz: 

1. Viris Laprusca, northern fox grape; 

2. Viris AXsTIVALIS, summer grape, chicken 
grape; 

3. Viris CorpIroLiA, winter grape, frost grape. 

The V. Labrusca has very wooly young leaves 
and branchlets, the leaves continuing rusty-wooly 
beneath; fertile panicles compact; berries large (it 
is the parent of aZ/ our varieties producing large 
berries), with a tough, musky pulp. From it 
originated the Adirondac, Anna, Cassady, Catawba, 
Concord, Diana, Hartford Prolific, Iona, Isabella, 
Israella, Ives, Lydia, Martha, Mary-Ann, Miles, 
Mottled, Northern Muscadine, North Carolina, Per- 
kins, Rebecca, Rentz, Telegraph, Union Village and 
Venango (Miner’s Seedling). The varieties of this 
class generally require a deep, rich soil; they prefer 
here Our eastern, northeastern, or even northern 
slopes. Farther south, Mr. Werth, of Richmond, Va., 
has observed that the wild grapes of the Labrusca 
family are always found in bottom lands, ripening 
their fruit in protecting and generally heavy shade; 
and we believe, with him, that it is a mistake to 
prefer for these varieties a grayclly, sometimes arid, 
soil, with a directly southern exposure,t and that by 
displaying their fruit to the direct rays of a vertical 
sun we promote mildew and rot, to which the V. 
Labrusca, and especially its improved and cultivated 
descendants, are more or less inclined. They are 
not adapted to our extreme northern latitudes, 
where the mean temperature for June, J uly, August 
and September falls below 67° Fahrenheit; and, 
although some of them will endure the extreme 
rigors of the winters in some districts of New Eng- 
land and northern New York, Iowa and Wisconsin 
as high as the isotherm? of 60° without protection: 
they do not and cannot attain there a high degree 
of perfection; and even the hardy Concord improves 
very much and finds a more congenial climate in 
lower latitudes and warmer zones. 

The V. Aestivalis, or summer grape (a very in- 
appropriate name, as the fruit of its varieties ripens 


_ * Excepting perhaps some varieties of the Burgundy grape, 
if the Rulander and Louisiana belong to this family. 
7 The 4th (V. Vulpina; rotundifolia) , the southern fox grape 


or Scuppernong class, growing only south of Virginia, Ken- 
tucky and Missouri; the 5th (Caribaa), growing only in the 
thickest southern swamps. 

tIn cold climates, however, as for instance in Massachu- 
setts, a southern slope, with good shelter and protection on 
the north, northeast, and especially northwest, are absolutely 
necessary to ripen even the Concord. 

§ Isothermal limes denote localities of equal mean tempera- 
ture, and have been delineated upon maps from careful 
observation, indicating the various belts of climate, the 
limits where certain important plants thrive, by far more 
accurately than by zones and geographical degrees, which 
ae long been in vogue, but which have really no place in 
nature, 


in October) has downy young leaves, with loose 
cobwebby hair beneath, smoothish when old, green 
above; fertile panicles compound, long and slender; 
berries small, black, with a bloom,pleasant. From 
it originated our best and most promising wine 
grapes: the Alvey, Cynthiana, Cunningham, De- 
vereux, Elsinburgh, Herbemont, Lenoir, Louisi- 
ana (?), Norton’s Virginia and Rulander (?) The 
varieties of the Aestivalis generally prefer a dry, 
poor soil, intermingled with lime and decomposed 
stones, with a southern and southwestern exposure; 
they seem to endure the severest drought without 
flagging. Although we have seen some of them, 
especially the Alvey and the Norton, bear immense 
crops on the deep, rich, sandy loam of our river 
bottoms, their fruit does not reach the same perfec- 
tion. Their proper climate is south of the isotherm 
of 70° Fahrenheit for the four months named; they 
require a longer season to attain maturity. he more 
tender varieties may be properly placed between the 
isothermal lines of 70° and 75°. ‘The Delaware, by 
some considered an Aestivalis, shows its partly 
northern descent also in its opposite requirements of 
soil and location. (See its description.) 


The V. Cordifolia has thin smooth leaves, green both 
sides, not shining, heart shaped, acuminate, sharply 
and coarsely toothed (often obscurely 3-lobed); 
panicles compound, large, and loose; flowers very 
sweet-scented; berries small, very acerb, ripening 
after frost, and therefore called the winter grape; 
grows in all our eastern States, and its range ex- 
tends west to the Rocky Mountains, north to Lake 
Winnipeg, and south to Texas. It is the only in- 
digenous grape in Wisconsinand Minnesota. From 
this species originated the Clinton, the ‘Taylor’s 
Bullit and their descendants. They are the very 
hardiest varieties, succeed even in localities where 
all others fail, and should be planted on rather poor 
soil. They are more particularly valuable for wine. 
But besides the varieties of these three species we 
have many grapes, which originated by fertilizing 
one species, or one of its varieties, with the pollen 
of another species or one of its varieties; these are 
called Hybrids. In them we endeavor to combine 
the excellencies of both parents, and may expect to 
get a grape as hardy as the Clinton or Concord, and 
as sweet and juicy as the Chasselas. The most 
valuable Hybrids we now have are some of Roger's 
Hybrids, which are crosses between our native 
labrusea and the V. vinifera; and Arno/d’s Hybrids, 
obtained by crosses between the Cordifolia and the 
V. vinifera; but the greatest results await us prob- 
ably by hybridization of our native species with 
each other, which field has as yet scarcely been 
trod upon. In the Delaware grape, an accidental 
hybrid between the Vitis labrusca and V. estivalis 
(Wm. Saunders, Proc. Am. Pom. Society, XI Ses- 
sion, 1867,) we have an example of what may be 
expected from this combination, and we believe 
that the Creveling and Maxatawney have a similar 


GRAPE MANUAL. 4 


origin ;* these, as well as the Delaware, possess cer- 
tain characteristics of each of the two native species, 
and a fruit superior to both. The requirements of 
hybrid grapes, as to climate, soil, and aspect, will 
be found similar to the requirements of one or the 
other of their parents. 

The only general rules we can give, therefore, to 
guide us in the selection of a proper location for 
vineyards, are: 

1. A good wine-growing region is one where 
the season of growth is of sufficient length to 
ripen to perfection our best wine grapes, exempt 
from late spring frosts, heavy summer dews, and 
early frosts in autumn. Do not attempt therefore 
to cultivate the grape in low, damp valleys, along 
creeks; low situations, where water can settle and 
stagnate about the roots will not answer; wherever 
we find the ague an habitual guest with the inhab- 
itants, we need not look for healthy grape vines; 
but on the hillsides, gentle slopes, along large 
rivers and lakes, on the bluffs overhanging the 
banks of our large streams, where the fogs arising 
from the water give sufficient humidity to the 
atmosphere, even in the hottest summer days, to 
refresh the leaf during the night and morning 
hours, there is the location for the grape. 

2. A good soil for the vineyard should be a dry, 
caleareous loam, sufficiently deep (say three feet), 
loose and friable, draining itself readily. New soils, 
both granitic and limestone, made up by nature of 
decomposed stone and leaf mould, are to be preferred 
to those that have long been in cultivation. If you 
have such a location and soil, seek no further, ask 
no chemist to analyze its ingredients, but go at 
once to 


PREPARING THE SOIL. 


The old system of trenching is no more practiced, 
except upon very hard, stony soil, and upon steep 
hillsides, being too costly and of very little, if any, 
advantage. The plow has taken the place of the 
spade and has much lessened the expense. While 
we would urge a thorough work in the preparation 
of the soil before planting the vine, and warn 
against planting in ditches, or worse yet, in square 
holes, we believe that by careful grubbing (in tim- 
bered lands), leaving no stumps, which would only 
be a continual eyesore and hindrance to proper cul- 
tivation, and then using a large breaking plow, fol- 
lowed by the subsoil plow, the soil will be stirred 
as deep (say twenty inches) as is really necessary 
to insure a good and healthy growth of vines. This 
will require two to three yoke of oxen to each 
plow, according to the condition of the soil. For 
old ground a common two horse plow, with a span 
of strong horses or cattle, followed in the same fur- 
row by a subsoil stirrer, will be sufficient to stir the 


*We are aware that this classification is not agreed to by 
many Horticulturists. We believe it to be correet, or at 
least nearest to the truth, but do not give it as undisputable. 


soil deeply and thoroughly, and will leave it as mel- 
low, and in its natural position, as desirable. This 
may be done during any time of the year when the 
ground is open and not too wet. Most soils would 
be much benefited by underdraining; the manner 
of doing it is the same as for other farm crops, ex- 
cept that for vines, the drains should be placed 
deeper; it is less important on our hill sides, and 
too costly to be practiced to a great extent here; 
wet spots, however, must be drained at least by 
gutters, and to prevent the ground from washing, 
small ditches should be made, every eighth or tenth 
row, parallel with the hill side, and leading into a 
main ditch at the end or the middle of the vineyard. 
Steep hillsides, if used at all, should be terraced. 


PLANTING. 


The soil being thus thoroughly prepared and in 
good friable condition, you are ready for planting. 
The proper season for doing this is in the fall, after 
the first of November; or in spring, before the first 
of May. Most vineyards are planted in spring, and 
in northern, very cold localities, this may be prefer- 
able. We prefer fall planting; the ground will 
generally be in better condition, as we have 
better weather in the fall, and more time to 
spare. The ground can settle among the roots in 
winter; the roots will have healed and ecalloused 
over, new rootlets will issue early in spring before 
the condition of the ground would have permitted 
planting, and the young plants commencing to grow 
as soon as the frost is out of the ground, will start 
with full vigor in spring. ‘To prevent the roots 
from being thrown to the surface by alternate freez- 
ing and thawing, a mound of earth hoed up around 
the plants, or a ridge thrown up with a plow, so as 
to elevate the ground somewhat in the rows, will be 
found to afford all the protection necessary. By no 
means delay planting till date in spring (after May 
first herve), and if your ground is not ready in time, 
you had much better cultivate it with corn or hoed 
crops of some kind, and postpone planting until 
next fall. Planting in rows, six feet apart, is now 
the usual method; it gives sufficient space for a 
horse and man to pass through with plow or culti- 
vator; the distance in the rows varies somewhat 
with the growth of the different varieties and the 
richness of the soil. Most of our vigorous, strong 
growers, the Concord, Ives, Hartford, Clinton, Tay- 
lor, Norton, Herbemont, will need eight to ten feet 
intherows, while the Delaware, Catawba, Creveling, 
Tona, may have sufficient room when planted six 
feet apart. The dwarfing treatment practiced with 
European varieties, especially by German viners, 
will not do for American vines, which must have 
wunple room to spread and a free circulation of air. 
The number of vines required to set an acre, con- 
taining 43,560 square feet, will be: 


DISTANCE, NUMBER. 
FACIE) pet hin eee ee AM EL IL 
Star BMPNG Btaaedsen tii dan dei devs. cscbre L 408 


8 BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


DISTANCE. NUMBER. 
Gademiey weit deks acted: ec: okt 1,210 
CO a 1,037 
acolo e211 ME SR eg 907 
Ga Oty MOU ke ke OO Co 807 
OSVPET Ta es A Pee ae a 725 
Tatie Dawe tecss. ave (/ RR OI 889 


TE ge A a a 


GM TT ee costs cteucssestee 690 
7 ft. by 10 ft ....... PE IORTGCT SIGE 18 at 622 
RAV ERP arash ffl bikvsccdcnichesattoes 680 
OG aie . 605 
© TRE ie TR Soe cad . 544 
DECOM oc. .ccdclacsgteeasers . 537 
Do AUT lic ieccsl dsl cavedesdlauiceces 484 
PINs ean Ft eae cal as (esol coche. odets eens 435 


Having determined the distance at which you 


(Fig. 1.) 
desire to plant the vines, mark off the rows, running 
them parallel, and with the most level lines of your 
slope or hillside, so that you may easily plow 
between the rows and that the ground may not 
wash. (On an eastern slope the rows will therefore 
run in a direction from north to south, which most 
vine-dressers prefer.) Be careful, on sloping ground, 
to leave spaces for surface drains, the steeper the 
hillsides the more frequent must these surface drains 
be. Then divide the rows into the desired distances, 
by the aid of a stretched line, and put small stakes 
where each plant is to stand. Now, if the ground 
is sufficiently dry so as to pulverize well, make 
the holes to receive the vines, as shown in fig. 1, 


somewhat with the nature of the soil. 
steep hillsides, and especially on southern slopes, 


with naturally warm, dry soil, you must plant | 


deeper than on gentle slopes with deep rich soil, or 
on bottom land and rich prairies. Eight inches 
will be deep enough on the latter; on the former 
we should plant from twelve to fourteen inches 
deep. 

Having made the holes, and it is best not to make 
too many at a time, as the ground will dry out too 
quickly. you can go to planting. 

We do not intend to discuss here whether you 
should plant cuttings or rooted plants, and whether 
plants grown from cuttings, from single eyes or 
layers, are preferable. Propagators and nurserymen 
are not considered disinterested, impartial judges 
on this question. But we may reasonably suppose 
that those who read this catalogue are either our 


| lightly pressed to them with the foot. 


The depth of tl holes must necessarily var | BRPRE re YAnaa LN Heb 
5 Ss s JeSSe rary ; . 
viaee cee gy eRe 5 ‘ a ne _ back the top to a bud just above, or even with the 


customers or desirous to purchase rooted vines from 
us, and therefore not inclined to plant cuttings, but 
on the contrary want to get the best plants. Vines 
raised from layers were in former years held to be 
superior, and are still preferred by many, but un- 
prejudiced and observing cultivators have found that 
they only look stronger and finer, but are not as good 
as plants properly grown from cuttings or single 
eyes. Our German and French vine-dressers gen- 
erally practiced growing vines from dong cuttings, 
but short (two-eye) cuttings will undoubtedly make 
stronger and better ripened roots. Others again 
have obtained the best results from single eye 
plants, and consequently prefer them. We have 
tried all, and find that it makes 
very little difference how the vine 
has been raised, provided it has 
strong, firm, healthy, well ripened 
roots (we never found any from 
long cuttings that had them). As 
a general rule, a well grown vine 
is in its best condition for plant- 
ing when ove year old. Fuller and 
some other good authorities prefer 
two-year old, transplanted vines; 
vines older than two years should 
not be planted, and so-called extra large layers ** for 
immediate bearing’’ are a humbug. 

But, now let us return to the modus operandi. 
Take your yines, from the place where they were 
heeled-in,* wrapped in a wet cloth, or in a paiy 
with water, to the holes; when planting, let one 
person shorten the roots, with a sharp knife, as 
shown by the dotted line in figure No. 2, then 
spread them out evenly to all sides, and let another 
fill in with well pulverized earth. The earth should 
be worked in among the roots with the fingers, and 
Lay the 
vine in slanting, and let its top come out at the 
Then, with your knife, cut 


Do not leave more than 
two buds on any one of the young vines which you 
are planting, however strong the tops, or however 
stout and wiry the roots may be. One cane is suffi- 
cient to grow. and merely to be prepared for possi- 
ble accident, both buds are allowed to start. The 


surface of the ground. 


* On receiving your vines from the nursery, they should be 
taken out of the box, without delay, and heeled-in, which 
is done as follows: Ina dry and well protected situation, a 
trench is made in the soil 12 to 15 inches deep, and wide 
enough to receive the roots of the plants, and of any re- 
quired length, the soil being thrown out upon one side. The 
plants are then set thickly together in the trench, with the 
tops in a sloping direction, and against the bank of soil 
thrown out of the trench; another trench is made parallel to 
the first, and the soil taken from it is thrown into the first, 
covering the roots and carefully filling in all of the inter- 
stices between them. Press down the soil, and smooth off 
the surface, so that water shall not lodge thereon, When 
one trench is finished, set the plants in the next, and proceed 
as before. When all this is completed, dig a shallow trench 
around the whole, so as to carry off the water and keep the 
situation dry. 


GRAPE MANUAL. 9 


weaker of the two shoots may after- 
wards be removed or pinched back. 
When planted in the fall, raise a 
small mound around your vine, so that 
the water will drain off, and throw a 
handful of straw or any other mulch 
on the top of the mound, to protect it; 
: but do not cover the vine with manure, 
either decomposed or fresh, under any 
circumstances. 

It is a well authenticated fact that, 
under the action of nitrogenous agents, 
the grape grows more luxuriant, its 
leaves are larger, its product increases 
in quantity. But the products of vine- 
yards so manured have an acknow- 
ledged defect—they impart to the wine 
a flavor which recalls the kind of 
manure applied. Moreover, nitroge- 
nous substances exclusively used hasten 
the decay of vineyards and the exhaus- 
tion of the soil. 

We never use Manures in our vine- 
yards, except the ashes of the stumps 
and brush, which we burn on the spot 
in clearing, and the decomposed leaves 
of the forest, which we have to turn 
under in plowing our grounds. Other 
soils may require manures, and ours 
may, in later years. But even those 
authorities who favor manures in pre- 
paring certain grounds, or long after 
planting, do not allow any decompos- 
ing organic matter to come in contact 
with the newly planted vine. 


(Fig. 3.) 


During the first summer, little else can be done 
than to keep the ground mellow, loose about the 
plants and free from weeds; stirring the ground, 
especially in dry weather, is the best stimulant, far 
better than liquid manure, and mulching (spreading 
over the ground a layer of tan-bark, sawdust, 


straw, salt, hay, or the like, to maintain a more 
uniform state of temperature and moisture for the 
roots) is far better than watering. Do not tie your 
young vines up, do not pinch off laterals; by al ow- 
ing them to lay on the ground, during the first 
season, more vigorous stems will be obtained. A 


IO 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


fair growth is about four feet the first summer, In 
the fall, after the foliage is all off. cut back to two or 
three buds. Cover the short cane left with a few 
inches earth before the ground freezes. 

During the following winter, the TRELLIS should 
be built. ‘The plan adopted by most of our experi- 
enced grape growers, as possessing some advantages 
over other plans, especially if grapes are grown in 
large quantities, is as follows: Posts of some dura- 
ble timber (red cedar is best) are split 3 inches thick 
and about 7 feet long, so as to be 5 feet in height 
after being set; these posts are set in holes 2 feet 
deep, 16 to 18 feet apart in the rows (so that either 
2 vines 8 feet apart, or 3 vines 6 feet apart, are 
between two stakes), three wires are then stretched 
horizontally along the posts, being fastened to each 
post with a staple f}, which is driven in so firmly 
that the wire is prevented from slipping through. 
The two end posts should be larger than the others 
and braced (Fig. 4), so that the contraction of the 
wire (in cold weather) will not loosen them. The 
first wire is placed about 18 inches from the ground 
and the others 18 inches apart ; this brings the upper 
wire about 4 feet 6 inches from the ground. We 
use in our vineyard 4 wires. placed about 15 inches 
apart, which makes the trellis 5 feet high and permits 
us tying up the vine more thoroughly. ‘The size of 
wire used is No. 10 annealed iron; but No. 12 wire 
is strong enough. At the present high prices of 
wire the cost per acre will be from $50 to $80, 
according to distance of rows and number of wires 
used. Messrs. O. P. Saylor & Co., wire dealers, 
St. Louis, furnish us the following table, which 
may serve in calculating the cost: 


Fieperts vlee fe |4s 1/38 31% 
oe i be rt => eles) | eR ia Aaa a sie) 
a he pace) 2 iwc | 7S == 
o ie see meee le he erie 
sie) sm |so.. | os} 8 en 2. TH ne 
is} a5 | ad = 9 poe hah ad 32 Lay =n SS 
eae es | PR | Be | | 6 & 
S| od | EP eAlo2/85 | Roo loa | BRAS 
9 | 841 18.36 | 323 | 342) 609) 1560 | 986 $88 85 
10 | 10 | 14.97 | 264| 490! 747 1280 | 807| 8070 
11 | 10 | 11.95} 211 | 529| 939) 1000 | 645! 6450 
12 | 102) 9.24) 163] 700 1244, 800 | 499) 52380 
13 | 114] 7.05] 124] 893 | 1519| 568 | 377| 43 45 
14 | 114) 5.51] 97 | 1142 | 2081) 456 | 266 38-00 


No. 12 is the size most commonly used. 
In place of the wire, slats or laths may serve the 
same purpose (as seen in Fig. 3), but they are not 
durable, and the posts must then be put much 
closer. Another mode of making wire trellis (the 
Fuller plan) is with horizontal bars and perpen- 
dicular wires, as shown in a following illustration 
(Fiz. 6). Posts of good, hard, durable wood, 3 inch 
diameter and 6 feet 6 inches long, are placed between 
the vines, at equal distance from each vine, and 
in a line with them, two feet deep in the ground. 
When the posts are set, nail on strips about 23 inch 
wide and 1 inch thick, one strip or bar being placed 
one foot from the ground, and the other at the top 
of the post. Then take No. 16 galvanized iron 
Wire and put it on perpendicularly, twisting it 


around the lower and upper bar, at a distance of 
about twelve inches apart. Galvanized iron is pre 

ferable, and as a pound of No. 16 wire gives one 
hundred and two feet, the additional expense is but 
very small. This trellis will probably cost less than 
with horizontal wires, and is preferred by some. 
A good many grape growers train them vines to 
stakes, believing it to be cheaper, and the prospec- 
tive decline in the price of grapes and wine will 
probably induce you.to adopt the least costly plan; 
one, two and three stakes will be recommended by 
some, all of which will prove a slovenly—very in- 
convenient method. A work just published* urges 
even the adoption of the ‘‘Souche’’ or ‘* Buck 
Pruning”? plan used in parts of France and Switzer- 
land, but quite impracticable for our strong growing 
species, and now abandoned even in those countries 
for anew system, ‘the trailing chain culture,’’ of 
which we shall speak hereafter. 

If you have covered your young vines last fall, 
remove the earth from over them at the approach 
of spring; then cultivate the whole ground, plowing 
between the rows from four to six inches deep, and 
carefully hocing around the vines with a pronged 
hoe; the two-prong German hoe or Karst, has been 
generally used in vineyards, but since we got 
Hexamer's prong-hoe we preter, by far, this excellent 
tool, and use xo other in our vineyards. The ground 
should be thus broken up, inverted and kept in a 
mellow condition continually; but do not work the 
ground when wet! 

During the second summer, a cane or shoot is pro 
duced from each of the two or three buds which 
you left on the young vine last fall. Of these young 
shoots, if there are three, leave only the two 
strongest, tying them neatly to the trellis, and let 
them grow unchecked to the uppermost wire. 


° 


LG Lis 


CZ 4 . 
£ ae Ne —\,, it 

‘1 ¢ a : 
un, UBS A &} . 
NY 4 ." 


2, e— Kin 
ie 


(Fig. 


4.) 

With the strong-growing varieties, especially 
where we intend to grow the fruit on laterals or 
spurs, the two main canes are pinched off when 
they reach the third (or second) wire, whereby the 
laterals are forced into stronger growth, each form-. 
ing a medium-sized cane, which is shortened in the 


* William J. Flagg: Three Seasons in European Vineyards , 
Harper & Brother, New York, 1869. 


GRAPE MANUAL. 


fall from four to six buds. One of the two main 
canes may be layered in June, covering it with 
mellow soil, about an inch deep, leaving the ends of 
the laterals out of the ground. These will generally 
make good plants in the fall for further plantations; 
with varieties which do not grow easily from cut- 
tings, this method is particularly de- 
sirable. Fig. 5 shows the vines tied and 
pruned, accordingly, at the end of the 
second season (the cross lines through 
the canes showing where they are cut 
off or pruned). 

Another good mode of training, 
recommended by Fuller, is to bend 
down in fall, at the end of the second 
season, the two main canes of the vines 
(the laterals of which have been pinched 


(Fig. 6.) 


back to concentrate the growth into these main 


canes) in opposite directions, laying and tying them 
against the lower wire or bar of the trellis, as shown 
in Figure 6, and shortening them to four feet each. | 
Then let five or six of the buds on the upper side of | 
the arms be grown into upright canes. All buds 
and shoots not wanted for upright canes, should be 
rubbed or broken off. This latter method is not 
well adapted for varieties which require covering in 
winter; as the former, where the canes are started 
lower near the ground, and cut loose from the wire, 
can be easily covered with earth. 

At the commencement of the third season (uncover 
and) tie the canes to the trellis, as shown before. 
For tying, any soft string or stout woolen yarn, 
the shreds of old gunnies, may be used; some 
obtain their tying material from basswood-bark, 
soaked for two weeks or longer in running 
water. Mr. Husmann recommends to plant 
the Golden Willow, and to use its smali twigs 
for tying purposes. ‘Tie tightly, and as young 
canes grow, keep them tied, but, in all cases, take 
care against tying too tightly, as the free flow of | 
sap may be obstructed. The ground is now plowed 
and hoed again, as described before. From each of | 
the buds left at the last pruning (as shown in fig. 3, 
5, and 6), canes can be grown during the third year, 
and each of these canes will probably bear two to 
three bunches of fruit. There is danger of their 


1at 


being injured by over-bearing, on which account 
the bunches should be thinved out by taking away 
all imperfect bunches and feeble shoots. In order 
to secure future fruitfulness of the vine, and to keep 
it at the same time in our convenient control, we 
should allow no more wood to grow than we need 


(Fig. 5.) 
for next season’s bearing, and for ‘this purpose we 
resort to 


SUMMER PRUNING. 


The time to perform the first summer pruning is 
when the young shoots are about six inches long, 
and when you can see plainly all the small bunches 
—the embryo fruit. We commence at the lower 
two spurs, having two buds each, and both started. 
One of them we intend for a bearing cane next sum- 
mer; therefore, allow it to’grow unchecked for the 
present, tying it, if long enough, to the lowest wire. 
The other, which we intend for a spur again next 
fall, we pinch with the thumb and finger to just be- 
yond the last bunch or button, taking out the leader 
between the last bunch and the next leaf, as shown 
in Figure 7, the cross line indicating where the leader 
is to be pinched off. We now come tothe next spur, 
ou the opposite side, where we also leave one cane 
to grow unchecked, and pinch off the other. 


(Fig. 8.) 


We now go over all the shoots coming from the 
arms or laterals tied to the treliis, and also pinch 
them beyond the last bunch. Should any of the 
buds have pushed out two shoots, we rub off the 
weakest; we also take off all barren or weak shoots. 
If any of them are not sufficiently developed we pass 
them over, and go over the vines again, in a few 
days after the first pinching. 


- BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


The bearing branches having all been pinched 
back, we can leave our vines alone until after the 
bloom, only tying up the young canes from the 
spurs, should it become necessary. But do not tie 
them over the bearing canes, but lead them to the 
empty space on both sides of the vine, as our object 
must be to give the fruit all the air and light we 
can. 

By the time the grapes have bloomed, the laterals 
will have pushed from the axils of the leaves on the 
bearing shoots. Now go over these again, and 
pinch each lateral back to one leaf, as shown in fig. 
8. Ina short time, the laterals on the fruit-bearing 
branches which have been pinched will throw out 
suckers again. These are stopped again, leaving 
one leaf of the young growth. Leave the laterals 
on the canes intended for next years’ fruiting to 
erow uuchecked, tying them neatly with bass or 
pawpaw bark, or with rye straw to the wires. 

If you prefer training your vines on the horizontal 
arm system (Fig. 6), the mode of summer pruning 
will be in the main the same. Pinch off the end of 
each upright shoot as soon as it has made two leaves 
beyond the last bunch of fruit; the shoots after 
being stopped will soon start, and after growing a 
few inches should be stopped again, as we wish to 
keep them within the limits of the trellis, and the 
laterals should be stopped beyond its first leaf. 
Thus we try to keep the vine equally balanced in 
fruit, foliage, and wood. It will be perceived that 
full pruning or shortening-in the ripened wood of 
the vine, and summer pruning, shortening-in and 
thinning out the young growth, have one and all 
the same object in view, namely, to keep the vine 
within proper bounds, and concentrate all its ener- 
gies for a two-fold object, namely, the production 
and ripening of the most perfect fruit, and the pro- 
duction of strong, healthy wood for the coming 
season's crop. Both operations are, in fact, only 
different parts of one and the same system, of 
which summer pruning is the preparatory, and fall 
pruning the finishing part. ‘The importance of this 
matter is so great that we subjoin— 


HUSMANN’S METHOD OF SUMMER PRUNING 
THE VINE. 


[Extract from his excellent articles in the ‘‘ Grape Culturist’?’ 
on this most important operation. ] 

Without proper and judicious summer pruning, 
it is impossible to prune judiciously in the fall. If 
you have allowed six to eight canes to grow in 
summer where you need but two or three, none of 
them will be fit to bear a full crop, nor be properly 
developed. We prune longer in fall than the 
majority of our vintners, which gives a double 
advantage: should the frost of winter have injured 
or killed any of the first buds, we still have enough 
left; and should this not be the case, we still have 
our choice to rub off all imperfect shoots ; to reduce 
the number of bunches at the first pinching, and 


thus retain only strong canes for next year’s fruit- 
ing, and have only large, well developed bunches. 

But to secure these advantages we have certain 
rules, which we follow strictly. We are glad to see 
that the attention of the grape growers of the 
country is thoroughly aroused to the importance of 
this subject, and that the old practice of cutting 
and slashing the young growth in July and August 
is generally discountenanced. It has murdered 
more promising vineyards than any other practice. 
But people are apt to run into extremes, and many 
are now advocating the ‘‘let-alone’’ doctrine. We 
think both are wrong, and that the true course to 
steer is in the middle. 


1. Perform the operation EARLY. Do it as soon 
as the shoots are six inches long. At this time you 
can overlook your vine much easier. Every young 
shoot is soft and pliable. You do not rob the vine 
of a quantity of foliage it can not spare (as the 
leaves are the lungs of the plant and the elevators 
of the sap). You can do three times the work that 
you can perform a week later, when the shoots 
have become hardened, and intertwined by their 
tendrils. Remember that the knife should have 
nothing to do with summer pruning. Your thumb 
and finger should perform all the work, and they 
ean do it easily if it is done early. 

2. Perform it thoroughly and systematically. Select 
the shoots you intend for bearing wood for next 
year. These are left unchecked; but do not leave 
more than you really need. Remember that each 
part of the vine should be thoroughly ventilated, 
and if you crowd it too much, none of the canes 
will ripen their wood as thoroughly nor be as vigor- 
ous as when each has room, air and light. Having 
selected these, commence at the bottom of the vine, 
rubbing off all superfluous shoots, and all which 
appear weak or imperfect. Then go over each arm 
or part of the vine, pinching every fruit bearing 
branch above the last bunch of grapes, or, if this 
should look weak or imperfect, remove it and pinch 
back to the first perfectly developed bunch. Should 
the bud have pushed out two or three shoots, it will 
generally be advisable to leave only the strongest, 
and remove the balance. Do not think that you 
ean do part of it a little later, but be unsparing in 
taking away a/l you intend to take this time. De- 
stroy all the caterpillars, and all the insects you 
find feeding on the vines, the steel-blue beetle, 
who will eat into the buds. But protect the lady- 
bug, mantis, and all the friends of the vine. 


We come now to the second stage of summer 
pruning. After the first pinching, the dormant 
buds in the axils of the leaves, on fruit-bearing 
shoots, will each push out a lateral shoot, opposite 
the young bunches. Our second operation consists 
in pinching each of these laterals back to one leaf 
as soon aS we can get hold of the shoot above the 
first leaf, so that we get a young and vigorous leaf 
additional, opposite to each bunch of grapes. These 


GRAPE MANUAL. 


13 


serve as elevators of the sap, and also as an excel- 
lent protection and shade to the fruit. Remember 
our aim is not to rob the plant of its foliage, but to 
make two leaves grow where there was but one 
before, and at a place where they are of more benefit 
to the fruit. By our method, our rows of vines have 
the appearance of leafy walls, each bunch of the 
fruit properly shaded, and yet each part of the vine 
is properly ventilated. We come now to another 
of those accidental discoveries, which has proved 
of great use to us in the management of the Con- 
cord, Herbemont, Taylor, etc. In the summer of 
1862, when a piece of Concord, planted in 1861, was 
growing rapidly, a severe hail storm cut up the 
young shoots, completely defoliating them, and 
breaking the tender and succulent shoots at a 
height of about two feet. The vines were growing 
rapidly, and the dormant buds in the axils of the 
leaves immediately pushed out laterals, which made 
very fair sized canes. In the following fall, when 
we commenced to prune, we found from three to 
five of these strong laterals on each cane, and 
accordingly shortened them in to from three to five 
and six buds each. On these laterals we raised as 
fine a crop of grapes as we ever saw, certainly 
much finer than we had ever before raised on the 
strong canes; and we have since learned to imitate 
hail storms by pinching the leaders of young shoots 
when they have grown, say two feet, forcing out 
the laterals and’ growing out fruit on the latter, 
thus meeting with another illustration of the old 
proverb, ‘‘It is an Ul wind that blows nobody any 
good.”’ 

After the second pinching of the fruit-bearing 
branches, as described above, the laterals will gen- 
erally start once more, and we pinch the young 
growth again to one leaf, thus giving each lateral 
two well developed leaves. The whole course should 
be completed about the middle of June here; and 
whatever grows afterwards may be left. In closing, 
let us glance at the objects we have in view: 

1. To keep the vines within proper bounds, so 
that it is at all times under the control of the vint- 
ner, without weakening its constitution by robbing it 
of a great amount of foliage. 

2. Judicious thinning of the fruit at atime when 
no vigor has been expended in its development. 

3. Developing strong, healthy foliage, by forcing 
the growth of the laterals and having two young, 
healthy leaves opposite each bunch, which will 
shade the fruit and serve as conductors of the sap 
to the fruit. 

4. Growing vigorous canes for next year’s fruiting 
and no more, thereby making them stronger; as 
every part of the vine is thus accessible to light 
and air the wood will ripen better and more uniform. 

5. Destruction of noxious insects. As the vintner 
has to look over each shoot of the vine, this is done 
more thoroughly and systematically than by any 
other process. 


Different varieties will require somewhat differ- 
ent treatment, some varieties (strong growers) will 
fruit better if pruned to spurs on old wood, than 
on the young canes (retaining the old canes and 
pruning the healthy, strong shoots or laterals they 
have to two buds), whereas others (only moderate 
growers) will flourish and bear best when pruned 
short and to a cane of last season’s growth. The 
observing vintner will find some hints in our des- 
scriptive catalogue, but only by practice and expe- 
rience can he learn the best method for each variety. 


SUBSEQUENT MANAGEMENT. 


We may now consider the vine as fully established, 
able to bear a full crop, and when tied to the trellis 
in spring, to present the appearance as shown in 
fig. 9. 


(Fig. 9.) 


The operations are precisely the same as in the 
third year. Ifyou train your vines on the horizon- 
tal system, the upright canes, which were pruned 
back to two buds each, will now produce two shoots 
each. If more than one shoot should proceed from 
each of these two buds, or if other shoots should 
start from small buds near the arms, only the 
strongest one should be allowed to grow and all 
others rubbed off. Instead of ten to twelve upright 
canes, you will have twenty to twenty-four, and 
allowing three bunches to each, you may get seventy 
bunches to every vine, the fourth year after plant- 
ing. ‘hese canes are now to be treated the same, as 
regards stopping, pinching laterals, ete., during 
each subsequent year of their growth. 

There are many other modes. and systems of 
training, but the same general rules and principles 
prevail in nearly all. ; 

There is one well authenticated fact in the fruiting 
of the grape, viz: that the finest fruit, the best, 
earliest and largest crops, are produced upon the 
strongest shoots of the previous years’ growth. 
The only proper system of pruning will therefore 
be that which encourages and secures an abundance 
of such shoots. by this general principle all new 
systems, so called, should be proved, and beginners 
in grape culture may be able to guard against re- 
ceiving false impressions with reference to any mode 
which may fall under their observation; and this 
caution is the more necessary as young vines will 
bear good crops for a few years, even under very 
indifferent treatment. In all systems of training 


14 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


which involve the retention of wood beyond five or 
six years, as in the case of spur pruning, and the 
methods with permanent horizontal branches, it is 
absolutely essential to remove the older wood at cer- 
tain periods, and replace it with younger wood from 
near the base of the plant. 

If you desire to train your vines for arbors or on 
wills, leave but one shoot to grow during the first 
stunmer, and if necessary even the second, so that 
it may get very strong. Cut back to three eyes in 
fall, these will each throw out a strong shoot, which 
should be tied to the arbor they are designed to 
cover, and allowed to grow unchecked. These three 
canes will be cut back in the fall following to three 
buds each, which will give us three principal 
branches, each with their canes the third or fourth 
season; of each of these branches, cut next fall one 


0F°0 e2-=5---- 


Not tte wenn e----e 


THE TRAILING CHAIN CULTURE, 


Is, however, attracting much attention, and seems 
too interesting to be entirely omitted. We extract 
the following from the Journal of Agriculture, pub- 
lished by R. P. Studley § Co., St. Louis Mo. 

The following extracts are taken from a description 
of the new method embodied in a ‘‘ Report on Grape 
Culture in N. W. France,’’ addressed to the Minister 
of Agriculture by Dr. Guyot, the celebrated Professor 
ot Agronomy: I haye just been shown a new system of 
erape culture, invented by a poorvintnerof Beaune. It 
is called ‘‘Trailing Chain Culture.’’ I have never seen 
anything more wonderful in its wild simplicity. Imagine 
every vine having three or five arms, four to six yards 
in length, trailing near the ground; and each arm bear- 
ing three or four fruit branches, four to six feet long. 
Inmagine now every one of these fruit branches over- 
loaded with magnificent grape bunches, in the perfec- 
tion of maturity. These branches are raised from the 
ground by means of smai] wooden forks,- about 
eighteen inches high, so as to prevent rot. Then 
imagine, intermixed with these fruit garlands, immeuse 
supplementary canes running among the bearing 
branches, and you will be startled as Twas. And when 
you are told besides that after leaf falling, or before 
pruning, all these long arms are gathered up, and 
thrown over on the next row to allow full freedom to 
the plow, and then easily put back to their original po- 
sition, you will admire the sound judgment and 
reasoning of that humble vintner who, in the face of 
traditional routine, contended and proved that the vine 


cane to two eyes, and the others to six or more buds, 
according to the strength of the vine, then gradu- 
ally increase the number of branches and cut back 
more severely those which fruited. In this manner 
a vine can be made in course of time to covera large 
space, produce a large quantity of fruit, and get very 
old. 


Those who desire further information and direc- 
tions on various modes of pruning and training, or 
on the culture of grape vines in glass houses, we 
refer to Chorlton’s Grape Growers Guide and Ful- 
ler’s Grape Culturist; also, to an article on Pruning 
and Trailing the Grape Vine, by Wm. Saunders, 
United States Department of Agriculture Report, 
1866. 


A new system, 


must grow in perfect freedom and acquire its full 
arborescent size tosecure good fruit; that it must always 
stand near the ground to insure perfect maturity, and 
that both these conditions (given the elasticity of limb 
in the vines) could be made to reconcile with the 
necessity of a thorough, prompt, and economical till- 


sith Sm 
Fig. 11.—Vine in Trailing Chain, 6 ft. apart in the row. 
age. And he proved also that his long fruit branches 
were the best safeguard against spring frosts. The 
large amount of space between the rows affords the roots 


GRAPE MANUAL. 


a free extension in the subsoil, so that those vines, 
which occupy about one-fifth of the ground, yield as 
much wine as will a surface tive times larger where 
the plants are set closer; and besides, the soil requires 
no manure, it being contended that the vines are far 
enough apart to be able to send their roots at greater 
distances without starving each other. While it equals 
the dimensions obtained by the trellis culture, it has 
over it the immense advantage of being not only cheap, 
but relatively free from repairs. 

The vines can spread out unrestrained the 
ground, which is kept perfectly clean by plowing, har- 
rowing, and rolling. It is the soil which in this case 
is their trellis, and which, reflecting the heat, gives a 
condition of perfection far superior to the insolation 
and exposure in mid air afforded by the trellis. The 
plow can work close to the vines, and leave alnost 
nothing to be done by hand. ‘The rule is to plow twice, 
as deep as possible; the surface roots or rootlets perish- 
ing every year, there is no danger to be apprehended 
in scouring deeply the intervals of the rows; it favors 
fruition and prevents running. For this purpose the 
vines are gathered up, and the long arms thrown 
back temporarily on the next row. ‘The soil, in 
the locality where the new method has best 
ceeded, is rather a poor quality of sandy clay, and 
ranges as third rate wheat land. On poor soil it will 
always succeed better than closely pruned vines, the 
size attained by the plants giving 
strength to the roots. 

The chief points gained may be summed up as follows: 

1. With the ‘‘trailing chain culture’’ the amount of 
labor has been reduced one-half. 

2. The costly outlay of setting up and keeping in 
order trellises, stakes or poles, is dispensed with. 

3. Any intelligent farmer can master the whole system 
easily. 

4, No special or peculiar implements are used; com- 
mon farm instruments only are needed. 

5. The distance between the rows affords to wagons, 
carts, etc., free access to every part of the vineyard, 
for all purposes. 

6. The danger of spring frost is hardly to. be dreaded. 

7. The yield is one-third and frequently one-half 
greater than with the old process. The new system is 
being extensively followed wherever knowr; and large 
numbers of French vintners not only set out their new 
vineyards on this plan, but have the old ones remodeled, 
by pulling up three rows out of every four, so as to 
have about 16 feet between the remaining rows. This 
speaks volumes in favor of the ‘‘trailing chain,’? when 
we consider the price of land and the long standing of 
the old system in France. 


over 


SLLC- 


uv corresponding 


Forks.—As soon as the blooming season is over, the 
vines are set on forks, which keep them at a height of 
from 15 to 20 inches, using for this purpose short sticks, 


Fig, 16—Fourth year. 


either fork-shaped or notched on the top. (See fig. 10.) 
Three or four are at first sufficient, but when the fruits 
wre nearing maturity, care is taken to supply as many as 
may be necessary to keep the grapes from soiling or 
rotting. While the height mentioned answers this pur- 
pose, the vines are yet low enough to insure perfect 
maturity of the fruit, and superior bouquet to the vine. 

Planting.—The mode of planting most in use, con- 
sists in digging trenches twenty inches wide and twenty - 
six inches long (fig. 12). The fibrous rootlets are elbowed 


Fig. 12.—** Trough Method ’’ of Planting. 


on the ground, raised up vertically, and the trench is 
filled up, but not packed hard. Some leave one, others 
two eyes above the ground. 

Pruning.—The canes are formed successively upon 
one, two and three main branches. These produce 
shoots, among which one is chosen to form the leader; 
two spurs are also left to produce laterals the following 
season, and in this manner the main arms attain gradu- 
ally 15 to 18 feet. These can be and are frequently 
shorteued in, and allowed to grow again in the same 
manner, 


Fig. 13—First year. Fig. 14—Second year. 


The first year only one spur is left to grow (fig. 13). 

The second year, two fruit branches are retained 
(fig. 14) which have to be cut back to 18 or 20 inches, 
leaving only four or five buds to grow on each. 


Fig. 15—Third year. 

The third year, (fig. 15), of the four or five buds 

grown the preceding year, only two are kept on each 
branch. 

Each succeeding year (figs. 16 and 17) two more branches 
are added to the number until there are 50 or 60 of them, 
if the richness of the soil and the strength of the plant 
admit of it. When twelve years old, the stock should 


Fig. 17—Vifth year 


16 BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


be able to bear that amount. The arms are allowed to 
grow to 15 feet or more, leaving one iruit branch every 
24 inches, and carefully removing all useless buds before 
the sap is ascending; and here is shown one of the im- 
mense advantages of the trailing chain culture for regions 
subject to spring frosts. One-half, or at least fully one- 
third of the numerous buds do not come out when the 
sap commences running upwards, so that should the 
early buds be swept off by a late frost, those that re- 
mained dormant come out in their turn and take pos- 
session of the sap. Experience has fully demonstrated 
this superior advantage. 

Heading off.—This important operation is performed 
three times during the season; first, as soon as vegeta- 
tion starts; next, when it has attained four to six 
inches; and lastly, at blooming time. As is well known, 
it consists in removing the non-bearing buds, which 
are not to be used in pruning the following year, and 
its object is to keep up the strength of the main stem 
and branches, and relieve them of a greedy and useless 
growth, thereby benefiting the fruitful buds, and those 
which are to extend the branches of the stump. 'The 
grape requires a denuded surface around it, always 
proportioned to its extension. 


DISEASES OF THE GRAPE VINE. 


The vine, with all its vigor and longevity, is no 
less subject to diseases than all other organic bodies, 
and as we can not remove most of their causes, and 
can even with the best care prevent and cure but 
few, our first attention must be given to the selec- 
tion of healthy plants and of hardy varieties. You 
have already been warned against planting the 
Grape Vine in heavy, wet soil, where water stag- 
nates, or in places exposed to early and late frosts. 


You have been impressed with the necessity of 


clean cultivation, stirring the soil, of proper train- 
ing, and of thinning the fruit. If you disregard 
these points, even the healthiest and most vigorous 
varieties of vines will become diseased. 

The Mildew is probably our most formidable 
disease. It is a fungus usually found on the leaves 
of the Grape;* first a single small white speck, it 
soon extends over the whole surface and even com- 
pletely through the leaf, and destroys its functions. 
The European varieties are more subject to this 
disease than our indigenous sorts. In France and 
Germany it is said to be successfully combated 
with flour of sulphur, early and often applied, 
(with the aid of sulphur bellows) on the lower sur- 
face of the leaves. With our prices of labor it 
would scarcely be practicable except in cold erape- 
ries or garden culture, and it is best not to plant 
largely of those varieties which are very liable to 
this disease. 


The Rot. There are several kinds of Rot in the 
berries, specially prevalent in wet seasons; and 
whatever the causes, the best method to pursue is 


*This remarkable wet season (1869) the mildew affected 
at once the young fruit bunches, and destroyed early in J uly 
the entire crop of the fine vineyards at Put-in Bay, Kelley’s 
Island, and many other grape regions, ; ; 


to choose varieties that are least liable to be affected, 
and to plant them upon well drained soil. 

Sun-scald is another disease. The leaves seem to 
become blistered or burnt; that portion injured 
will turn brown, and in a few days it becomes 
dry and crisp. If the leaves are much injured by 
sun-scald the fruit does not mature. (This shows 
the absurdity of removing the leaves to make the 
grape ripen better or sooner.) Sun-scald and mil- 
dew often go together, and vines affected by the 
one are very likely to be attacked by the other. 


There is another species of fungus called rust, and 
some other diseases, but they are by far less injuri- 
ous and formidable than the many noxious 


INSECTS. 


[After our eminent Entomologist, Prof. Ch. V. Riley’s first 
annual report, 1869, and the American Entomologis(.] 


The Grave Roor Borer (fig. 
18) cuts the vine off from its 
roots about three to four inches 
under ground: itis mostly found 
/ in Concords, and is becoming 
quite destructive, Little can 
be done in the way of extirpat- 
ing these underground borers, 
i their presence being only indi- 

| cated by the death of the vine. 
; Wherever you find vines sud- 
| denly dying from any cause un- 
, known, search for this borer, 
“| and upon finding one, (in each 

| case we have found but one at 
i, each tree or vine) put anend to 
' his existence. 


The Brretritr of this borer 
it (fig. 19) should also be ruth- 
|, lessly killed. We lost many 
\ pear trees by the same pest, 
? ) i and we fear it may have come 
Saft NH Hi) into our vineyard and orchard 
Ne HH bin i from old oak stumps near by. 
[Fig. 18.] By far less dangerous, though 
numerous, is the 


more 
common GRAY CUT WORM, 
which eats the young, ten- 
der shoots of the vine and 
draws them into the ground 
below; it has destroyed, 
or kept back at least, many 
a young vine. The little 
rascal can be easily found 
and destroyed by digging 
for him under the loose 
clods of ground beneath 
the young vine. 


: 
Small worms, belonging 
to the family of Lear 


(Fig. 19.) 


GRAPE MANUAL. 


17 


Foupers, will in spring make their webs among 
the young downy leaves at the ends of the shoots, 
eating the young bunches and leaves. ‘These must 
be destroyed when summer pruning for the first 
time in each season. 


THE GRAPE-VINE Frpta (fig. 20), 
almost universally miscalled the 
Rose-bug, is one of the worst foes 
of the grape-vine in Missouri. It 
~ makes its appearance during the 
month of June, and by the end of 
July has generally disappeared. 


ne 
20.) 


(Fig. 
When numerous it so riddles the leaves as to reduce 


them to mere shreds. Luckily this beetle drops to 
the ground upon the lightest disturbance, and thus 
enables us to keep it in check, by taking a large 
basin, with a little water in it, and holding it under 
the insect. At the least jar the bugs will fall into 
the dish. When a quantity have thus been caught, 
throw them into the fire or pour hot water upon 
them. Mr. Poeschel, of Hermann, raised a large 
brood of chickens and had them so well trained 
that all he had to do was to start them in the vine- 
yard with a boy in front to shake the infested vines, 
and he himself behind the chicks. They picked up 
every beetle that fell to the ground; and next season 
he could scarcely find a single beetle. 


THE GRAPE CuR- 
cuLio. —The larva 
of this curculio in- 
fests the grapes in 
J une and July, caus- 
ing alittle black hole 
in the skin, and a 
discoloration of the 
berry immediately (Fig. 21.) 
around it, as seen in the annexed (figure 21). From 
the middle to the last of July this larva leaves the 
berry and buries itself a few inches inthe ground, 
and by the beginning of September the Grape- 
Curculio beetle issues from the ground, and doubt- 
less passes the winter in the beetle state, ready to 
puncture the grapes again the following May or 
June. This curculio is small and inconspicuous, 
being of a black color with a grayish tint. It is 
represented enlarged at fig. 22, the 
hair line underneath showing the 
natural size. Strange as it may 
seem, while in 1867 this Grape cur- 
culio was quite common, in 1868 
there seems to have been an almost 
entire immunity from it, caused no 
doubt by parasites, which killed 
the larva. It is thus that Nature 
works: ce and be eaten, kill and be killed,’’ is 
one of her universal laws, and we can never say 
with surety because a particular insect is numerous 
one year, therefore it will be so the next ! 

But while this one insect has become rare, a new 


22, 


(Fig. 


species suddenly appeared—the Grape Berry 
Morn. It has been observed in different parts of 
Ohio, Missouri and Southern Illinois for about three 
years past, and all testify that it has gradually been 
on the increase. About the Ist of July the grapes 
that are attacked by the worm begin to show a dis- 
colored spot at the point where the worm entered 
(see fig. 23, c.) Upon opening such a’ grape, the 


(Fig. 23.) 


inmate will be found at the end of a winding channel- 
It continues to feed on the pulp of the fruit, and 
upon reaching the seeds, generally eats out their 
| interior. When full grown it presents the appear- 
| ance of fig. 23, ¢, and is exceedingly active. As 
goon as the grape is touched the worm will 
_ wriggle out of it, and rapidly let itself to the 
ground, by means of its ever ready silken thread, 
unless care be taken to prevent its so doing. 
The cocoon is often formed on the leaves of the 
vine. in a manner essentially characteristic; the 
worm cuts out a clean oval flap, leaving it hinged 
on one side, and, rolling the flap over, fastens it to 
the leaf, and thus forms for itself a cozy little 
house; there the worm changes to a chrysalis. In 
about ten days after this last change takes place, 
the chrysalis works itself out of the cocoon and the 
little moth, represented at fig. 23, a. makes its 
escape. As a remedy, we recommend picking up 
all tallen berries and converting them into vinegar; 
as upon racking off the juice and water, countless, 
- numbers of these worms are found in the sediment. 


The Turi, avery minute, whitish green insect, 
has of late been very troublesome, and we regret to 
say that Mr. Fuller is mistaken in believing that the 
thrip seldom attacks the vine inthe open air. Here 
they are a great annoyance, and at Hermann the 
thrip has defoliated whole vineyards. Asaremedy, 
_ it has been recommended that one man carrying a 
| lighted torch go through the vineyard at night, 
another jarring the vines, when the thrip will fly 
into the flame. 


The Aruts, or plant louse, and many other in- 
sects, attack more or less also the grape vine, but 
they can generally be easily found and destroyed. 
Besides the insect, you will have yet other enemies 
to combat: foxes and birds, and, worst of all, some 
two-legged beings in human shape—thieves—who 
will steal your grapes if you do not watch and 


& 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


threaten to keep them off with powder and shot. 
We do. 
GATHERING THE FRUIT. 


Whether it be for the table or for wine, do not pick 
the grape before it is fully ripe. Every grape will 
color before ripe; some do so several weeks before, 
but when thoroughly ripe the stem turns brown and 
shrivels somewhat. ‘The finest qualities, the sweet- 
ness and aroma ofthe grape-juice are fully developed 
only in the perfectly matured grape.* This noble 
fruit does not ripen, like some other fruit, after 
being gathered. Always gather the grapes in fair 
weather, and wait till the dew has dried off before 
commencing in the morning. Cut off the clusters 
with a knife or shears, and clip out the unripe or 
diseased berries, if any, taking care, however, that 
the bloom shall not be rubbed off, nor any of the 
berries broken. 

For packing grapes for market, shallow boxes, 
holding from five to twenty pounds, and especially 
manufactured for the purpose in all the principal 
grape regions, costing about one cent per pound, 
are used. In packing, the fop is first nailed on and 
a sheet of thin white paper put in; whole bunches 
of grapes are first put in; the vacant places left are 
filled with parts of bunches, so that all the space is 
occupied and the whole box packed, as closely and 
as full as possible, without jamming. Another 
sheet of paper is now laid on and the bottom nailed 
down. By this means, when the boxes are opened, 
only entire bunches are found at the top. 

Grapes could be easily preserved for months if you 
had a cool room or cellar, where the temperature 
could be kept between 35° and 40°. In a warm, 
damp atmosphere, grapes will soon rot. Mr. Ful- 
ler recommends, for preserving grapes, to bring 
them first into a cool room, spread them out and let 
them remain there for a few days, until all surplus 
moisture has passed off; then pack them away in 
boxes, placing the bunches close together, and thick 
sheets of paper between each layer. When the 
boxes are filled put them away in a cool place; ex- 
amine them occasionally and take out the decayed 
berries, from time to time, as they appear. If the 
place is cool and the fruit vipe and sound, they will 
keep three to four months. The best mode of pre- 
serving the delicious juice of the grape, with its 

*And we consider the late ripening varieties as far superior, 


especially for wine, to the early kinds; but, of course, only 
in such localities where Jafe grapes will mature 


delightfully nutritious constituents, in a concentra- 
ted and almost imperishable form, is by 


WINE MAKING. 


But it would exceed the scope and purpose of this 
Catalogue to treat on this subject; nor do we claim 
to possess that knowledge which it would require. 
Husmann’s excellent book, ‘‘The Native Grape and 
Manufacture of American Wines,’’ and Reemelin’s 
Wine Maker’s Manual, are especially recommended 
to beginners. The ‘‘Grape Culturist,’’ this excel- 
lent new journal, devoted also to wine making, (if 
properly supported,) will give you also a treasure of 
information on this subject. But our experience 
and observation impel us to advise our friends who 
desire to make wine on a large scale, to engage 
some experienced man who knows how to treat 
wines; and there are already plenty of them and 
many more of them daily arriving in this country. 
It need not be a Professor of Chemistry, who may 
only adulterate the wines by his scientific manipula- 
tions; on the contrary, we would prefer a plain 
German ‘wine cooper,’’ or French ‘* vyigneron,”’ 
one who is used to attend to wines himself from his 
youth, to watch them with the care and cheerful- 
ness of a mother to her infant, and who will not 
permit your wines to leave his nursing hands be- 
fore they are and will keep clear and perfect, racking 
off and filling up whenever required, and keeping 
not merely your casks and bottles, but every part 
and corner of your cellars most admirably clean. 

If you should say that you cannot afford to keep 
such a man, then, we say, you cannot afford to 
build cellars either; and you would do best to asso- 
ciate for the purpose with one or more of your 
neighber grape growers. Butif you have your own 
cellars and plenty of grapes, you can certainly afford 
to pay sucha man, and to pay him well, at least 
until you or your sons have learned from him, 

Then only shall we be able to produce the best, to 
establish a reputation for American wines equal to 
those of Europe, and to compete with them; then 
only shall we be able to provide for ourselves and 
for the people of this continent, that healthy and 
delicious beverage, known for all times to be the 
promoter of civilization; excessive whisky drink- 
ing will gradually vanish; our national tempera- 
ment will be more joyous and happy, and grape 


| growing permanently profitable, 


DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. 


Adirondac. Originated at Port Henry, Essex 
Co., N. Y.; (first noticed 1852.) Probably a seedling 
of the Isabella. Ripens very early—about the same 
time with the Hartford Prolific. Bunch large, 
compact, not shouldered; berry large, oblong, 
black, covered with a delicate purple bloom, trans- 
parent, with tender pulp; thin skin; juicy and 
vinous; quality besf, ‘*when you can get it.” 


‘*The nearest approach to a foreign grape.’’ 


—Husmann. 
‘*More nearly resembles the Black Hamburg than 
any hardy grape yet known.’’—F. fh. Eliot. 


Reports not generally satisfactory. A slow, ten- 
der grower. Young vines have mildewed and older 
ones need protection. Blooms early, and fruit de- 
stroyed by late frosts. Reported as doing well at 
Alton, Ill., Lockport, N. Y., Dist. Col. in 1867; 


bearing abundantly at Delaware, O., 1868. Wine, 
agreeable flavor, low in sugar and acid. Must, 70°. 


Allem’s Hybrid. Raised by J. F. Allen, 
Salem, Mass.; a cross between the Golden Chasselas 
and the Isabella. Ripens early, about with the Con- 
cord. [Bunches large and long, loose; berries full 
inedium to large; skin thin, semi-transparent; color 
‘nearly white, tinged with amber; flesh tender and 
delicate, without palp, juicy and delicious; quality 
best. Itis apt to mildew and rot, and can not be 
recommended for general cuiture, thongh it is 
worthy a place in amateur collections. 


Amma. Seedling of Catawba, raised by Eli 
Hasbrouck, Newburg, N. Y., in 1852. Not worth 
planting here ; unhealthy and feeble. 


**Matures most beautiful fruit, say one year in five.’’ 
—F, Rk. Elliot. 


G. W. Campbell, however, describes it as very 
hardy and healthy, of a moderate growth. Bunches 
rather loose, of medium size; berries medium; color 
light amber, with small dark specks, covered with 
thin, white bloom. Rather pulpy. Ripens with 
the Catawba; makes a fine, highly flavored wine. 


Alwey. (Hagar) Southern. (s?/.) Bunches 
loose, shouldered ; berries small, round, black, carly; 
sweet, juicy, and vinous, without pulp; fine flavor 
when fully ripe; hardy and healthy, but a slow 
grower, making a stout, short-jointed wood; mod- 
erately productive. Very promising in deep soils, 
rich river bottoms, ete. Excellent in quality, and 
will make one of the dest red vines, but is apt to 
drop its leaves on southern slopes; seems to prefer 
the deep, rich, sandy loam of our northeastern or 
even northern slopes. Must 85°—91°. 


Amanda. (Labr.) Bunch medium, compact; 
berry medium, round, pale red; quality good; ripens 
early and promises well. 


Arrott. (Labr.) Philadelphia; bwnch and ber- 
ries medium, white; resembling the Cassady in 
appearance, but not as good. 

‘*Sweet and good, with a thick skin; good grower, 
and productive.’ ’—Husmann. 


Aughwick. (Cord.) A new grape introduced 
by Wm. A. Fraker, Shirleysburg, Pa. Bunches 
shouldered, similar to Clinton; derries larger than 
Clinton; black, juice very dark, of spicy flavor; 
said to make a very dark red wine, of superior 
quality, and to be entirely free from rot or mildew; 
very hardy and healthy. 


Armoid’s Mybrids.* 
Cornucopia (No. 2). Autuchon (No. 5). 
(No. 8). Canada (No. 16). 


See Othello (No. 1). 
Brant 


*Mr. Charles Arnold, of Paris, Canada, has been very 
successful in his experiments in hybridizing the native 
Clinton with the pollen of foreign varieties. His seedlings 
seem to be of decided promise, and they would doubtless 
improve greatly by being cultivated in localities where the 
season is longer than itis in Canada. The Committee of the 
Paris Horticultural Society say in their report: ‘‘We find 
the most prominent characteristics of them as a class are: 
first, perfect hardiness and vigorous growth; second, early 
ripening both of the fruit and wood, and as yet remarkable 
freedom from disease, with large handsome foliage of a very 
distinct character and not wooly; bunches large on the aver- 
age; the berries larger than medium; skin thin, and in all 
the numbers we tested free from pulp, and with a full, 
pleasant, sprightly flavor; our judgment being based not on 
a cursory examination, but from having known them for the 
last two seasons.’’ 


20 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


SSS 

SS 
WO NO 
A WY) 


AGAWAM (Roger’s Hybrid No. 15.) 


Agawam. (Roger’s Hybrid No 15.) Con- 
sidered by him as his best variety beforethe intro- 
duction of the ‘‘Salem.’’ It is a dark red or 
maroon grape, of the Hamburg cross; early. 
Bunches large, compact, often shouldered; berries 
very large; skin thick; pulp soft; sweet, sprightly, 
and of peculiarly aromatic flavor; productive, and 
of great vigor of growth. In some localities it has 
been subject to mildew and rot, and Mr. Husmann 
says: Its strong peculiar flavor is to me far from 
agreeable. We consider it perhaps the least desira- 
ble of his valuable varieties. The character of the 
cluster and leaf is shown in above figure. 


Autuchon. (Arnold’s Hybrid, No. 5.) A 
seedling of Clinton crossed with Golden Chasselas. 
Leaves dark green, very deeply lobed and sharp 
pointed serratures; the unripe wood is very dark 
purple, nearly black. Bunches very long, not heavily 
shouldered, rather loose; berries medium size, round, 
white (green), with a moderately firm, but readily 
melting flesh and an agreeable sprightly flavor, re- 
sembling the White Chasselas. Skin thin without 
astringency. Ripens with the Delaware. Mr. 
Samuel Miller, the originator of the ‘‘Martha,” 
bestowed the following high encomium upon the 
new grape: 


Ss 


THE AUTUCHON GRAPE. 


oo 


**I always considered Martha the best white native 
grape, but since seeing and tasting the Autuchon, I 
haul down my colors. If it will ripen like this in Can- 
ada, and if it improves by coming here like Rogers’ and 
other northern grapes, then it seems to me we have all 
that can be desired. It alone is a treasure.’’ 

We give a figure of the Autuchon on the preced- 
ing page. 

Barry. (Rogers’ No. 42.) One of the most 
attractive of his Hybrids. Brinch lange, rather broad 
and compact; berry medium roundish; color black ; 
flesh tender, of a sweet, pleasant flavor; skin thin, 
somewhat astringent. Very productive and early 
(ripens with the Concord.) 

Baxter. Bunch large and long; berry below medium, 
black, hardy and productive; not fit for table, but 
may be valuable for wine.— Bluffton Wine Co. 

Berks, or Lehigh. (Labr.) Bunch large, 
shouldered, compact; berry large, round, red, little 
pulp, good quality; vine vigorous grower, similar 
to Ca‘awba. 

Black Hawk. A seedling from the Concord, 
grown by Samuel Miller. 

** Bunch large, rather loose; herry large, black, round, 
juicy, sweet: pulp very tender; ripens full as early as 
the Concord, is superior in quality, and seems to be 
healthy and hardy .’?— Geo. Husmann. 

It has the remarkable peculiarity that its leaf is 
so dark a green as to appear almost black. 


Blood’s Black. (Labr.) Bunch medium, 
compact; berry medium, round, black, somewhat 
foxy, but sweet and good. Very early and produc- 
tive, therefore valuable for early marketing. (Re- 
sembling Mary Ann, and has often been confounded 
with it.) 


Blue Dyer. ** Lunch medium; berries small, black 


very dark juice, promises well for wine.?’—Husmmann. 

Brant. (Arnold’s Hybrid No. 8.) Seedling of 
Clinton crossed with Black St. Peters. The young 
leaves and shoots dark blood red; leaves very deeply 
lobed. Bunch and berry ‘resembling the Clinton in 
appearance, but greatly superior in flavor when 
perfectly ripe; free from pulp, all juice: seeds 
small; perfectly hardy. A very early and desira- 
ble grape. 

Catawba. (Synonyms: Red Muncy, Catawba 
Tokay, Singleton.) This old and well-known vari- 
ety is a native of North Carolina, and has its name 
from the Catawba river, where it was found, and 
introduced to notice some forty years ago, by John 
Adlum, of Georgetown, D. ©. Ithas been for many 
years the standard wine grape of the country, and 
thousands of acres have been planted with it; but 
owing to its uncertainty, on account of the rot, 
mildew and leaf blight, it is now in many sections 
being discarded, and other more reliable kinds are 
planted instead. In localities where it will fully 
mature, and where it seems less subject to disease, 
there are very few better varieties. 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


In Missouri it has done better in 1868 than ever 
since 1857, owing probably to the very dry season. 
Bunch large, moderately compact, shouldered ; 
berries above medium, round, deep red, covered 
with lilac bloom. Skin moderately thick; flesh 
slightly pulpy, sweet, juicy, with a rich, vinous and 
somewhat musky flavor. Vine, a vigorous grower; 
in favorable seasons and localities very productive. 
Must ranged from 86° to 91°; acid 12.3-10 to 
13.2-10. 


CANADA. 


Canada, (Arnold’s Hybrid No. 16.) Resembles 
the Brant (No. 8) in appearance, but ripens later and 
is praised for its rich aromatic flavor and delightful 
bouquet by all who taste it. Bunch and berry above 
medium; color black, witha fine bloom. A vigor- 
ous grower, with peculiar foliage; hardy, and ma- 
tures its wood well. Will prove valuable for wine. 

Cassady. Originated in the garden of H. P. 
Cassady, Philadelphia, Pa., as a chance seedling. 
Bunch medium, very compact, sometimes shoul- 


GRAPES—DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. 


NY 


Ait HHT 
AA 


THE CASSADY GRAPE. 


dered; berry medium, round, pale green, covered 
with white bloom, when very ripe its color changes 
to light yellow; skin thick and leathery, pulpy, but 
with a peculiar honeyed sweetness which no other 
grape possesses in the same degree. Ripens with the 
Catawba. Vine a moderate grower, a true Labrus- 
ca in habit and foliage; immensely productive—so 
much so that nearly every fruit bud will push sev- 
eral branches, with from three to five bunches each. 
This grape will flourish best on a north-eastern 
and northern slope. Its leaves are subject to sun- 
seald on southern and south-eastern exposures. 
Mr. Husmann cultivated it since 1858, and found 
it uniformly productive, not subject to rot and mil- 
dew, but very often the leaves would drop prema- 
turely, and the fruit would not ripen well if grown 
in southern exposures. It makes an excellent white 
wine, which has often been taken for ‘‘ Pfeelzer,’’ 


or even Rhenish wine by connoisseurs. For deep, 
rich, sandy soil, with north-eastern or northern 
exposure, we can safely recommend a trial with 
the Cassady. Perhaps, also, for river bottoms. 

Specific gravity of must, 80° to 96°. Wine of a 
beautiful golden color, of a good body and delight- 
ful aroma. The ‘‘ Arrott’’ resembles this grape 
very much, but is not as good. 

Catawissa. See Creveling. 

Challenge. Supposed cross between Concord 
and Royal Museadine grown by Rev. Archer Moore, 
N. J. Very early; short, compact bunches, shoul- 
dered; large round berries pale red. with flesh 
slightly pulpy; very sweet and juicy. Extra hardy 
wood and leaf; prolitic and promising; said to be 
an excellent dessert wine and raisin grape ; not yet 
tested in the West. 


Clinton. (Synonym: Worthington,) Hamilton 


24 BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


Co., N. Y., (Cord.) Bunches medium or small, 
compact, not shouldered; berry round, small, black, 
with a blue bloom, skin thin, tough; flesh juicy, 
with little pulp, brisk and vinous; somewhat acid; 
sweeter the further south it grows; colors early, but 
should hang late (until after first frost) to become 
thoroughly ripe. Vigorous, hardy and produc- 
tive: healthy, but an exceedingly rank, straggling 
grower, and one of the hardest vines to keep under 
control ; it requires a good deal of room and spur 
pruning on old wood to bring forth its best results. 
Being one of the first to bloom in spring, it suffers 
sometimes from late frosts. 

“The best poor land grape that is known.’’ 

—Cannon, of North Carolina. 

Makes a good dark red wine, resembling claret ; 

must, 93° to 98°, and sometimes exceeding 100°. 


Clara. Supposed 


seed. A white (or 
pale amber) grape, 
very fine for the 
table; somewhat 
like Allen’s Hybrid. 
Bunch long, loose; 
berry medium 
round, yellowish 
green, transparent, 
without pulp,sweet 
and delicious. 
Rather tender for 
general culture,and 
requires protection 
in the winter. No 
garden or amateur 
collection should be 
without it. The 
annexed figure of 
the Clara grape is 
reduced to one- 
fourth of 2 natural 
size,(one-half diam- 
eter.) 


Concord. (Labr.) Popularly known as ‘“ the 
grape for the million ;’’ originated with E. W. 
Bull, Concord, Massachusetts. Bunch large, shoul- 
dered, rather compact; berries large, globular, black; 
thickly covered with a beautiful blue bloom; skin 
thin, cracks easy; flesh sweet, pulpy, tender; colors 
about two weeks before the Catawba, but should 
be allowed to hang late, to develop all its excel- 
lence. Vines very strong, rampant growers ; 
coarse, strong foliage, dark green above, rusty be- 
beneath; proved very hardy and healthy, and is 
immensely productive. Its beautiful appearance 
makes it one of the most attractive market grapes, 
and it makes also a good refreshing wine, which is 


to be from foreign 


becoming very popular. More vines of this variety 
are planted at the present time than of all other 
varieties together. 

The Concord makes a light red wine, which is 
effectually becoming the laboring man’s drink ; can 
be produced cheap enough, is very palatable, and 
has a peculiar refreshing effect upon the system. A 
white wine may also be made of it by pressing the 
grapes without mashing them. Specific gravity of 
must about 70°. 

Conqueror. A new seedling raised by Rey. 
Archer Moore, N. J., supposed cross between Con- 
cord and Royal Muscadine. Early; long loose- 
shouldered bunches; berries medium, glossy black, 
with a bloom; flesh slightly pulpy, juicy, sweet. 
Vine a free grower, hardy and healthy ; said to be 
prolific ; not yet fruited here. 


Cottage. <A new seedling of the Concord raised 
by E. W. Bull, Mass., the originator of that variety. 
Not yet disseminated. 

Mr. Bull, in his successful efforts to improve. our 
native grapes, began by sowing the seeds of a wild 
grape (V. Labrusea). from which he raised seedlings. 
He then sowed the seed raised from these, and obtained 
others, among which the Concord. He then raised 
2000 seedlings before he got any that surpassed the 
Concord. In the fourth generation, or grandchildren 
of the Concord, he obtained seedlings far superior to 
the Concord, and nearly equal to the European grape 
(V. Vinifera). There seems to be no reasonable doubt 
that, as Mr. Bull thinks, the wild grape can, in a few 
generations, be made equal in quality to the European 
vine.—U. 8. Agr. Report for 1867. 

Crevelimg. (Synonyms Catawissa, Bloom,) 
Pennsylvania. Bunches long, loose on young vines, 
but on old ones sometimes as compact as Concords; 
berries taedium to large, slightly oval; black, with 
blue bloom ; flesh tender, juicy, and sweet; quality 
best; ripens early, a few days later than Hartford, 
and before Concord. Vine a fair grower, healthy 
and hardy; may be planted 6 by 6 feet apart. on 
northern and northeastern hillsides. This grape 
is rapidly growing in favor, but has not received the 
attention it deserves. Mr. HusmMAnn says it makes 
an exquisite claret wine, intermediate between the 
Concord and Nortonsin body, and superior in flavor 
to either. Must, 88°. 

Cunningham. (Long.) <A southern grape, 
belonging to the same class as the Herbemont ; it 
originated in the garden of Mr. Jacob Cunningham, 
Prince Edward county, Va. Dr. D. N. Norton, a 
prominent horticulturist, the same-who first culti- 
vated and introduced to notice our invaluable Nor- 
ton’s Virginia grape, made wine from the Cunning- 
ham in 1835, and furnished to the Elder Prince, of 
Flushing, Long Island, the stock which was the base 
from which this grape has been disseminated, di- 
rectly or indirectly. Dr. Norton pronounced the 
wine very similar to Murdock & Co.’s celebrated © 
brand of Madeira. The Cunningham is very valu- 
able for southern slopes with poor, light limestone 


GRAPES—DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. 2 


Am, : 
\\ 


\\\ \ \" 


THE CUNNINGHAM GRAPE. 


soils in this latitude AND FURTHER SOUTH. Bunch 


very compact and heavy, medium, shouldered; der- 


ries small, brownish black, juicy and vinous; vine a 
strong grower, HEALTHY and productive; to be so it 
needs, however, spur pruning on laterals and slight 
winter protection. Ripens its fruit late, and makes 
one of the most aromatic and delightful wines of 
dark yellow color. Must, 95° to 112°. 


Cynthiana. (Synonym: Red River.) Received 
by Husmann in 1858, from William R. Prince, Flush- 
ng, Long Island, New York, Origin, Arkansas, 


where it was, probably, found growing wild. ‘It 
is a true Adstivalis in all its habits, and resembles 
Norton’s Virginia so closely, that it is impossible to 
distinguish the wood or leaf, although the bunch is 
generally somewhat more shouldered, and the berry 
more juicy and somewhat sweeter. Bunch of me- 
dium size, moderately compact, shouldered; berry 
below medium, round, black, with blue bloom, 
Sweet, spicy, moderately juicy. Juice very dark 
red, weighs very heavy on the must scale, even 


higher than Norton’s Virginia, and makes, so far, 


26 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


THE CYNTHIANA GRAPE. 


our best red wine. It has as much body, or even 
more so, than Norton’s Virginia, but is of exquisite 
flavor, much more delicate than Norton’s, and can 
safely enter the lists with the choicest Burgundy 
wines. Vine vigorous and healthy, productive, as 
sure in its crops of well ripened fruit here, as any 
variety we know; but very difficult to propagate. 
Since it bore its first crop. in 1859, we have never 
seen a rotten berry on it. ‘The fruit ripens some few 
days earlier than Norton’s, and about a week earlier 
than Catawba. Specific gravity of must, from 98° 
to 118°, according to the season. While we can 
confidently recommend the ¢rwe Cynthiana as the 
best grape for red wine which we have tried, we must 


tt 


STUDLEY 8 CO. ST.LOUIS 


at the same time caution the public against spu- 
rious vines, which have been sent ont under that 
name.”’ 

We copy the above description and cut from Mr. 
Tiusmann, of whom we also obtained our original 
stock and grape wood of this variety. 

We look upon it as our best and most valuable 
grape for red wine, and have bestowed the best care 
and special attention on its propagation, so that we 
can offer reliable number one plants, with strong 
healthy roots, of this rare variety, to our customers, 
at a comparatively moderate price. Our stock of it 


is very limited. Order early! 


Cornucopia (Arnold’s Hybrid No. 2). 
A seedling of Clinton crossed with Black St. 
Peters. Vine much resembling the Clinton 
in appearance, but superior in size of berry 
and bunch, and greatly superior in flavor ; a 
most healthy grape and a great bearer. The 
Paris Horticultural Society reported on it as 
follows: This is undoubtedly one of the 
best grapes in the whole collection of Mr. 
Arnold’s hybrid grapes; a very promising 
grape. Bunch large, shouldered, very com- 
pact; berry above medium size, black, with a 
beautiful bloom; flavor excellent, very 
sprightly, and pleasant; skin thin; seeds & 
large, bearing nearly the same proportion to 
size of berry as in Clinton. Flesh melting, 
with very little pulp if any; seems to burst 
in the mouth; all juice, with a little acid 
and astringency; ripens with Concord. <A 
good market grape, and ‘ta good keeper.” 

Diana. A seedling of Catawba, raised by 
Mrs. Diana Crehore, Milton, Massachusetts. 
Mr. Fuller justly remarks: 

‘There is probably no one variety of grape 
imcultivation in regard to which there isa greater 
diversity of opinion, and its variableness fully 
warrants all that is said about it. In one section 
it is really excellent, while in another, perhaps 
near by 1t, it is entirely worthless. This difigr- 
ence is often observable in the same garden, and 
from no apparent cause.’’ 

The Diana seems to do best in warm. 
rather dry and poor soil; gravelly clay or 
sandy loam seems best suited to ifs wants. 
Bunches medium, very compact, occasionally 
shouldered; berries medium size, round, pale 
red, covered with a thin lilac bloom; flesh 
tender, with some pulp, sweet, juicy, with 
a musk flavor that is very strohg until the 
fruit isiully ripe, and then often offensive to 
some tastes. Colors its fruit early, but does 
not really mature much earlier than the 
Catawba, which it resembles. It is not as 
productive nor quite as large in bunch and 
berry as the latter, but some think it superior 
in quality, and it has usualiy suffered less 
from rot. Its berries hold well, and its thick 
skin enables it to withstand changes of tem- 
perature better; hence the Diana improves by being 
left upon the vine until aiter pretty severe frost. 
As avariety for packing and keeping, it has no 
superior. Eastern grape growers claim it to be 
valuable also for wine. Must 88° to 90°; acid 12.3. 

Diana-Hamburg. A ew variety, said to 
be a cross between the Diana and Black Hamburg, 
orginated by Mr. Jacob Moore, of Rochester, N. 
Y. Bunches generally large, sufficiently compact, 
well shouldered; berries above medium, slightly 
oval, of arich fiery red color when fully ripe; flesh 
tender, of very sweet flavor, equal to some of the 


GRAPES—DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. 


bo 
sr 


CORNUCOPIA. 


finer foreign sorts. Vine a moderate grower, with 
short jointed, firm wood; leaves of medium size. 
crimped, and sometimes rolled in. Its fruit ripens 
after the Concord, but before its parent the Diana. 
This variety has not yet been sufficiently tested for 
hardiness, and we may as well state that at least 
three independent parties are reputed to have made 
this hybrid, and there may exist several crosses of 
the foreign Black Hamburg on the Diana. 
from J. Charlton, Rochester, N. Y. 


Ours is 


28 BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


Delaware. Origin unknown; pro- D 
bably a Hybrid between the V. Labrusca and 
Vitis #stivalis; first brought to notice by 
A. Thompson, Delaware Co., Ohio. ‘This 
variety is considered to be one of the best, 
if not the best, of all American grapes, 
and is usually adopted as the standard of 
comparison for other American grapes. 
Unfortunately it does not, from various 
causes, succeed well in all localities; it 
should be planted here in deep, rich soil, 
on northeast and eastern slopes, and re- 
quires good cultivation. It isaslow grower. 
Some experimeuts have lately been made in 
grafting the Delaware on Concord and 
Clinton stocks, which proved very success- 
ful. The Delaware is exceedingly hardy, 
enduring the severest winters uninjured, 
when the vines are healthy. In some 
localities, however, it has been found sub- 
ject to mildew, or leaf blight, and this 
tendency is greatly aggravated by allow- 
ing the vines to over-bear, which the 
Delaware is sure to do, if permitted. Bunch 
medium, compact; the clusters usually \ 
shouldered; berries below medium, round; 
skin thin, but tenacious; pulp sweet and | 
tender; juice abundant, rich, vinous, sugary, — 
sprightly and retreshing; color a beautiful 
purplish maroon, covered with a thin 
whitish bloom, and very translucent. Ripens 
early, about eight days later than Hartford 
Prolific. Quality best, for the table as well 
as for wine. Must 100°—118°. 

«The must of this grape is generally so rich, 
and the proportions so evenly balanced, that it 
will make a first class wine, of great body and 
fine flavor, wthout manipulation or addition.’’ 
—Husmann in U. S. Report of Agriculture for 
1867. 

Devereux. (s?.) A Southern grape; belongs | - Elsinburgh. (Elsinboro.) Supposed to have 
to the same class as Herbemont and Cunningham; | originated in Elsinburgh, Salem county, N. J. An 
where this grape will succeed it is one of our very best excellent amateur grape, of fine quality; ripens 
wine grapes, producing a white wine of exquisite early. Bunches medium to large, rather loose, 
flavor. It is somewhat subject to mildew, and shouldered; berries small, skin thick, black, cov- 
requires covering in winter. North ot Missouri it ered with a thin blue bloom; flesh without pulp, 
should not be tried, but here it succeeded adwirably sweet, vinous. Leaves dark green, smooth; wood 
on southern slopes last season, and our Southern long jointed and slender. Subject to mildew. 
grape growers, especially, should plant some of it. Eumelan. (‘Good black” grape.) (Labr.) 
Eaey, very fone: 008e, pnomeered; Rigi bigak, This variety, now first introduced, was found as a 
hero meni ne pa fesh aHiey 1 Without Buby chance seedling at Fishkill, N. Y., where it has been 
ae ECU anaiy, peste oats eroweuend in cultivation (in the garden of Messrs. Thorne) for 
Be pecoun yew yuen trecmem en é many years, yielding abundant crops of grapes, re- 

Dracut Amber. Regarded by us as but a slightly : ar Fe : ied bi 
improved wild fox grape; very early and productive. markable both for ‘Zoodness and ‘earliness.’ THe 
Bunch loose and long; berries oblong, medium, of pale | 0Figinal vines were purchased by Dr. C. W. Grant, 
red color, pulpy and foxy; too foxy for our taste, and | and are now in the possession of his successors, 
should be discarded, when so many better varieties can | Messrs. Hasbrouck & Bushnell, Iona Island, from 
be grown. | whom we obtained the plants of this promising 


( 


DELAWARE. 


GRAPES—DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. 29 


THE EUMELAN GRAPE. 


variety. As we can not speak of it as yet from | opponents. Bunches of large size, elegant form, 
our own experience, we give the description from | and proper degree of compactness; berries large, 
the circular of its propagator, Dr. Grant, leaving | black, with fine bloom, adhering firmly to the 
out, however, all excessive praise, which, in our bunch long after ripening; flesh tender, melting 
opinion, has damaged his success more than all his | all going to wine-like juice under slight pressure of 


30 BUSHBERG 


CATALOGUE. 


Gee 


aN 


Ni 


Ae 


GOETHE (Rogers’ Hybrid No. 1.) 


GRAPES—DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. 31 


the tongue; ripening very early (even before the 
Hartford Prolific) and evenly ,to the center. Flavor 
pure and refined, very sugary, rich and vinous, with 
a large degree of that refreshing quality that be- 
longs distinctively to the best foreign black wine 
grapes. Vine a strong grower, producing remark- 
ably short jointed wood; leaves large, thick, dark 
colored, firm in texture (it strikingly resembles 
Elsinburg), and gives promise of being a very hardy, 
healthy, early grape. The American Horticultural 
Annual for 1869, says of the Eumelan: This variety 
has been tested in several localities. It has proved 
with us, near New York, remarkably healthy in 
foliage. The Eumelan makes a superior red wine, 
and should it prove generally successful, it will rank 
high among wine grapes. We give on page 29 a 
figure of a bunch and leaf, natural size. 


Essex. (Roger’s No. 41.) Bunch of medium 
size, shouldered; berry large, black, somewhat 
flattened, in this respect resembling the native 
parent; flesh tender and sweet, with a high aromatic 
flavor; ripens early; vine vigorous, healthy, and 
prolific. Marshall P. Wildersays: This is, perhaps, 
the best in quality of all the black grapes. 


Framingham. A new seedling, perhaps not 
identical with, but only a reproduction of the Hart- 
ford Prolitic; at least so closely resembling it, that 
it should not have been introduced as a new variety. 


Gaertner. (Roger’s No. 14.) Not yet fruited 
here, and but little known. The Hon. Marshall P. 
Wilder describes it as follows: Bunch good size; 
berry medium to large; color light brown or red; 
skin thin; flavor pleasant and aromatic; season 
rather early; vine healthy and productive.—[ Grape 
Culturist for June, 1869. 

Goethe. (Roger’s No.1.) This most valuable 
variety is, perhaps, more unique and shows in its 
fruit more of the character of the European species 
than any of Mr. Roger’s other sorts, and yet its 
vine is one of the hardiest, healthiest, and most 
productive we have. Late in ripening for northern 
localities, it does not always mature there; but 
here with us it produces and perfectly ripens a large 
crop of beautiful clusters and berries, free from rot 
or imperfection of any kind. At the fall meeting 
of the Mississippi Valley Grape Growers’ Associa- 
tion, September 9, 1868, we exhibited for the first 
time a few branches of the vine, each with several 
perfect clusters, which were much admired, and 
would have probably astonished even its originator, 
could he have seen them. The smallest of them, 
being a good average size, we had photographed 
and an exact copy of it expressly engraved for this 
catalogue. The bunches are medium to large, not 
quite compact, occasionally shouldered; berries very 
large, oblong, of a yellowish green, sometimes 
tinged with a pale red toward the sun; skin thin, 
translucent; flesh tender and melting throughout; 
few seeds, sweet, vinous, and juicy, with a peculiar 


delicious aroma; excellent for the table and for 
wine. Specific gravity of must 78°; altogether a 
MOST DESIRABLE grape for our latitude. 


Golden Clinton. (Synonym: King.) A 
seedling from the Clinton, closely resembling it, 
with that difference, that its berries are greenish 
white. We doubted that the plants we had under 
that name were true, and therefore did not send it 
out. We believe to have the true Golden Clinton 
now, and shall fruit it next season, when we shall 
know. Mr. Campbell says: 

‘*T regret to say it does not sustain the character 
given by those who first introduced it. Bunches small, 
scanty, and irregular; berries small, and of inferior 
quality. Not desirable.’’ 

(But it may be that Mr. Campbell, like ourselves, 
did not have the true Golden Clinton. We shall 
see.) 


Hartford Prolific. The standard for earli- 
ness among grapes. Raised by Mr. Steel, of Hart- 
ford, Connecticut, twenty years ago. It is now 
well known and generally planted as a very prolific 
early market variety; ripens here early in August. 
Though much better here than East, where it drops 
its fruit, it is still of poor quality; but the vine 
is very healthy and hardy, and produces immense 
crops. Bunches large, shouldered, rather compact ; 
berries round, full medium, black; flesh pulpy, 
juicy, with a perceptible foxy flavor; tolerably fair 
wine has been made from it, but we could not re- 
commend it for that purpose. Only as a market 
grape we consider it valuable, on account of its 
earliness and great productiveness; but even as 
such it is inferior to the Creveling. 


Herbert. (Roger’s No. 44.) Bunch rather long 
and loose; berry of large size, round, sometimes a 
little flattened; black; flesh very sweet and tender. 
Early and productive. 


Herbemont, Origin unknown; it was propa- 
gated as early as 1798, from an old vine growing on 
the plantation of Judge Huger, Columbia,S. C. Mr. 
Nicholas Herbemont, an enterprising and enthusi- 
astic cultivator of the grape, found it there, and 
from its vigorous growth and perfect acclimation, 
at first correctly supposed that it was a native; but 
he was afterwards informed that it had been re- 
ceived from France; he believed it. But the same 
grape was afterwards found growing wild in War- 
ren county, Ga., and is there known as the Warren 
grape. The best authorities now class it as a mem- 
ber of the Aestivalis family of the South—a native 
grape, truly called by Dowding ‘‘Bags of Wine.” 
One of the very best and most reliable grapes for 
both table and wine, especially adapted for our 
hillsides on limestone soil. It should not be planted 
largely further north, and even here should be cov- 
ered in winter. For those who have gone to this 
slight trouble it has always produced a splendid 
crop, and has been so enormously productive that 


32 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


THE HERBEMONT GRAPE. 


it richly repaid the little additional labor. To our 
Southern States this grape will be a mine of wealth. 
Bunches very large, long, shouldered and compact; 
berries small, black, with a beautiful blue bloom; 
skin thin; flesh sweet, without pulp, juicy and high 
flavored; ripens late, about same time as Catawba. 
Vine a very vigorous grower, with the most beauti- 
ful foliage; not subject to mildew, and but very 
little to rot; in rich soil it is somewhat tender, 
makes too much wood, and seems less productive, 
while in warm and rather poor limestone soil, with 
southern exposure, it is perfectly healthy and enor- 


| 


| 


mously productive. Mr. Werth, of Richmond, 
Va., says: I have found the most uniformly abun- 
dant, healthy, and thoroughly ripened crop, for 
successive seasons, on low, imperfectly drained, and 
rather compact soil. The above figure gives an idea 
of the beauty and richness of this bunch. Specific 
gravity of must about 90°. The pure juice pressed, 
without mashing the grapes, makes a white wine re- 
sembling delicate Rhenish wines; if fermented on 
the husks about forty-eight hours, it will make a 
very fine red wine, somewhat resembling Madeira. 


GRAPES—DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. 


33 


THE HERMANN GRAPE. 


Hermann. This new wine grape is a seedling 
of Norton’s Virginia, raised by Mr. F. Langendoer- 
fer, near Hermann, Mo., who gave us a few hundred 
buds for propagation. After giving to the origina- 
tor his share, and keeping a few for planting 
ourselves, we offer the small number yet remain- 


ing at a comparatively very low price to those who 
desire to test this new, remarkable variety. Its 
engraving and description we copy from Mr. 
Husmann’s Grape Culturist. 

The original vine had fruited in 1863 with Mr. 
Langendoerfer, and grafts of it fruited abundantly 


34 BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


in 1864. On trying the must on Oechsle’s scale it 
showed 96°, and has since varied from 94° to 105°. 
Bunch long and narrow, seldom shouldered, com- 
pact, often nine inches long; the shoulders, if there 
are any, having the appearance of a separate bunch; 
berry small, about same size as Norton’s, round, 


black with blue bloom, moderately juicy, never — 


rots or mildews, and ripens about the same time as 
the Norton’s, or a few days later; the juice is 
not dark red, but brownish yellow, making a wine 
also of the color of brown Sherry or Madeira, of 
great body and of very fine flavor, resembling 


THE HINE GRAPE. 


Madeira. 
| tive, resembling the Norton in foliage, but the 
| leaves are of a lighter color, the stems covered with 
_ peculiar silvery white hairlike threads, and the 
| leaves somewhat more deeply lobed. 


Vine a strong grower and very produc- 


It is, like its 

parent, very difficult to propagate, and will rarely 

grow from cuttings in the open ground. We have 

watched this grape closely and with particular in- 

terest, and have become firmly convinced that it is» 
an important addition to our list of wine grapes. 

If productiveness, general hardihood and health, 

and a superior wine can entitle a new variety to 

consideration, this variety certainly 

deserves it at the hands of our vint- 
ners. Its wine is entirely different and 

distinct from anything else we have, 

and which we hope will be the Amer- 

ican Madeira, so anxiously sought by 

our connoisseurs. At the trial of wines 

at Hermann, Mo., held on the 17th of 
May, 1869, the ‘‘Hermann”’ attracted 

general attention. An extra premium 

was awarded to it. 

Let not our readers suppose that it 
will bea universal grape, however. For 
our locality, and farther south, we 
think it will be eminently desirable, 
but much further north it will hardly 
attain the perfection requisite to make 
a really superior wine, as it ripens 
rather late. It will, we think, be 
found specially adapted to southern 
slopes and limestone soil, though it 
seems to have all, or even more, of the 
hardihood of its parent. It is a true 
zestivalis in leaf and habit. 

Hine. A _ new seedling of the 
Catawba, raised by Jason Brown (son 
of John Brown) at Put-in-Bay, Ohio. 
It makes a good-sized, compact, slightly 
shouldered bunch; berry medium, of a 
dark rich claret brown, with a purplish 
bloom; skin of medium thickness; flesh 
juicy, sweet and almost without pulp; 
leaf large, thick and whitish under- 
neath ; canes reddish brown, short- 
jointed; buds prominent; ripens with 
the Delaware. Justly regarded by 
all who have seen it as a grape of 
much promise. It took the first pre- 
mium as the best new seedling at the 
last Ohio State Fair. We give an 
engraving figured from a bunch raised 
by Chas. Carpenter, Kelley’s Island. 
Mr. M. H. Lewis favored us with a 
vine of this new variety last fall. 


As this new grape has not yet been 
tested in different localities, we cannot 
yet recommend it, except as an inter- 
esting novelty to amateurs; and its 
being supposed to be a cross between 


GRAPES—DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. 35 


the Catawba and Isabella gives us but little confi- 
dence in its health. 

Huntingdon. (Cord.) A new grape. Bunch 
small, compact, shouldered; berry small, round, 
black, juicy and vinous. Ripens carly. 
vigorous grower, healthy, hardy and immensely 


Vine a 


productive; promises well for wine. 

Toma. Originated by Dr. C. W. Grant, of Iona 
Island, near Peekskill, N. Y. It is a seedling of 
the Catawba, and the leaf somewhat resembles 
that variety. Wood short-jointed. Vine a strong 
grower. Here it is subject to mildew and rot, and 
requires careful protection in winter. 

The Iona is a fine grape for the garden, and 
suited only to specially sheltered and protected 
localities. Wherever it will succeed, it is a most 
desirable variety . 

Bunch usually large, long and shouldered, not 
very compact; berries medium to large, slightly 
oval; skin thin, but tenacious; pale red, with 
numerous deep red veins, which become quite dark 
when fully ripe. Flesh tender, with uniform 
character and consistence to the center. Flavor 
rich, sweet, vinous; quality best—nearly equaling 
the Delaware. Magnificent specimens were grown 
in a cold-house, by Mr. Saunders, at the Experi- 
mental Gardens at Washington. Must 88° to 92°; 
and some recorded as high as 101°; acid 8.6-10. 

Israella. Originated by Dr. C. W. Grant, 
who claimed for it that it was *‘the earliest good 
grape in cultivation;’? but now even he himself 
admits that it is not as good as his *‘ Kumelan.”’ 
With us it proved later and"inferior in quality to 
Hartford Prolific. The Israella is probably a seed- 
ling of the Isabella, which it resembles in habit of 
growth and character of fruit. Must (said to have 
reached) 84°, with only 53 acid. 

Isabella. Probably a native of South Carolina or 
Very liable to mildew, rot and leaf-blight. 
It has, justly we think, been entirely discarded by our 
grape growers, since better and more reliable varieties 
have taken its place. Lunches large, loose, shouldered; 
berries oval, large, dark purple, nearly black when 
fully ripe, and covered with a blue-black bloom. 
Flesh juicy, with a rich musky aroma; tough pulp, 
and a good deal of acidity. Ripens irregularly, and 
the leaves seem to fail just at the time they are needed 
to aid in ripening the fruit. 

In some localities it is still a favorite market grape. 
Must, at Hammondsport, 60° to 72%; acid, 121g. 


Georgia. 


Ives’ Seedlimg. (Ives’ Madeira, Kittredge.) 
(Lab.) Produced by Henry Ives, of Cincinnati ; 
(probably from the seed of a Hartford Prolific; 
certainly not from a foreign grape, as Mr. Ives 
supposed.) Colonel Waring and Dr. Kittredge 
were the first to make wine from it—about six 
years ago—and now it is the favorite red wine in 
Ohio. While we do not deem it entitled to the first 
prize ‘‘as the best wine-grape for the whole 
country ” (awarded to the Ives at Cincinnati, Sept. 


THE IVES GRAPE. 


24th, 1868), we do accord to it the great merit of 
having given a new impulse to grape growing in 


Ohio, at a time when the repeated failures of the 


Catawba Vineyards made it most desirable. 

Bunches medium to large, compact, often shoul- 
dered; berries medium, slightly oblong, of a dark 
purple color; when fully ripe, quite black. Flesh 
sweet and juicy, but decidedly foxy, and rather 
pulpy. Not desirable as a table grape. 

It colors very early, but its period of ripening is 
later than the Concord. The vine is remarkably 
healthy and hardy; a strong, coarse grower, in 
general habit and appearance closely resembling 
the Hartford Prolific, but less productive; at 
least, it does not seem to be an early bearer, four- 


36 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


year old vines of this variety producing the first 
crop. It is said, however, to bear profusely when 
older. Must 80°. 


Katarka. A new variety (probably a seedling 
from a Hungarian grape) which we received from 
Newburgh, Orange county, N. Y. Dr. W. A. 
Royce describes it as follows: 

‘+ Midseason to late; nearly black, very large pulp- 
less berry; heavy bunches, broadly shouldered and 
long; good dessert and wine; immensely prolific; needs 
winter covering here; endures winter. uncovered in 
Virginia; very free grower; good keeper; ripens suc- 
cessively.’’ 

Lenoir. A Southern grape of the Herbemont 
class. Bunch medium, compact; berries small, 
round, dark-bluish purple, nearly black, covered 
with light bloom. Flesh tender, without pulp, 
juicy, sweet and vinous. A good early grape, 
which, in favorable localities, will be found desira- 
ble for wine and table. Vine a fine grower, but a 
tardy bearer 

Lindley (Roger’s No. 9). This grape origin- 
ated by hybridizing the wild Mammoth grape of 
New England with the Golden Chasselas. Bunch 
long, medium, shouldered, somewhat loose; berries 
medium to large, round; color like the Catawba. 
Flesh tender, sweet, with scarcely a trace of pulp, 
and of high aromatic flavor. It resembles the 
Grizzly Frontignac in appearance of bunch, and is 
by some regarded as nearly equal to the Delaware 
in quality. Vine of very vigorous growth, making 
rather long-jointed wood. The foliage when 
young is of a reddish color. It ripens early, and 
makes a splendid white wine. Specific gravity of 
must, 80°. 

To those desiring a substitute for the Catawba, this 
will be an acquisition. — Zusmann. 

Logan. (Labr.) A wildling of Ohio. On its intro- 
duction, supposed to be a great acquisition, and 
recommended by the Am. Pomological Society as 
promising well. But it has sadly failed to meet public 
expectation, and is now more generally discarded than 
the Isabella, to which it was deemed preferable. 
Bunches medium, shouldered, compact; berries large, 
oval. Flesh juicy, pulpy, insipid in flavor. 
slender grower; early and productive. 

Louisiana. Introduced here by that eminent 
pioneer of Western grape culture, Fred. Miinch, of 
Missouri. He received it from Mr. Theard, of New 
Orleans, who asserts that it had been imported 
from France by his father, and planted on the 
banks of Pontchartrain, near New Orleans, where 
it has for thirty years yielded abundant and luscious 
fruit. Mr. Miinch firmly believes that it is of 
European origin, and belongs to the Burgundy 
family. Mr. Fr. Hecker is just as positive that it 
is European, but deems it nothing else but the 
Clavner grape of his native country—the Grand 
Duchy of Baden. Mr. Husmann, on the other 
hand, holds that it is a true native American, 
belonging to the southern division of the Astivalis 


Vine a 


class, of which the Herbemont and Cunningham 
may serve as types. All agree, however, that it is 
a valuable grape, making a very fine wine. 

Bunch medium size, shouldered, compact, very 
fine; berry small, round, black. Flesh without 
pulp, juicy, sweet and vinous; quality best. Vine 
avery good grower, very healthy and more or less 
productive, according to position and treatment ; 
requires winter protection. 

The Louisiana and Rulander (or, rather, what we 
call here Rulander) so closely resemble each other 
in general appearance, growth and foliage, that we 
are unable to distinguish them, except by their 
fruit, which ripens in both varieties at the same 
time (very late). Both are undoubtedly nearly 
related to each other; but there is a great difference 
in the juice—the wine of these two varieties. 

With our friend Miinch, the Louisiana proves to 
be much more productive, and yields nicer and more 
delicious fruit than the Rulander. With our friend 
Husmann, the Rulander proved more productive. 

Lydia. Originated by Mr. Carpenter, of Kel- 
lev’s Island, Lake Erie. Supposed to be an Isabella 
seedling. Bunches large; berries large, oval, light 
green, with salmon tint where exposed to the sun. 
Skin thick; pulp tender, sweet, of fine flavor, 
slightly vinous. In habit of growth, the vine is not 
unlike the Isabella, but is much less productive. A 
handsome grape, of good quality, but mildews some 
.in unfavorable seasons. Ripens a few days later 
than the Delaware. 

Main-Grape. This was sent out as a new variety, 
quite equal to the Concord, but eardzer and better in 
quality. We paid a high price for it, to find—that it 
was a Concord, and nothing else. The original vine 
was grown on the south side of a wall, and conse- 
quently its fruit ripened about ten days earlier than 
other Concords in the vineyard near by; and thus 
Mr. Main honestly believed that he possessed a new 
variety! Wonder whether he will now honestly return 
us and others thus imposed upon the money he ob- 
tained? 

Marion. A new variety, brought to us from 
Pennsylvania by that indefatigable horticulturist, 
Samuel Miller; promises to be valuable. Bunch 
large, compact; berry medium, round, black, juicy. 
Not sutticiently tested to be recommended. 

Mary Anm. (Zab.) Resembling the Isabella. 
Very early, ripening a few days before the Hartford 
Prolific, and therefore valuable as an early market 
grape, though of inferior quality. 

Martha. A white seedling of the Concord, 
raised by our friend Samuel Miller, ‘formerly of 
Lebanon, Pa., now of Bluffton, Mo. The most 
popular among the NEW varieties. Bunch medium, 
smaller than the Concord, moderately compact, 
shouldered ; berry medium, round, greenish white, 
sometimes with an amber tinge; when fully ripe 
pale yellow, covered with white bloom. Skin thin. 
Flesh very buttery, and of a remarkable sweetness, 


AN AK uli 


MARTHA GRAPE. 


TH EB 


unmixed with acidity, and without vinous flavor; 
somewhat pulpy, often containing but a single seed. 
Odor decidedly foxy, but this character is much 
less manifest in the taste, and yet much more 
apparentin the fruit than in its wine. 

The vine is very healthy and hardy, resem- 
bling the Concord, but not quite as vigorous a 
grower, and the leaf is of a somewhat lighter 
green; very productive, and the berries hang well 
to the bunch. Ripens a few days earlier than the 
Concord, and will therefore suit even northern 
localities. Must 85° to 92°; at least 10° higher 
than Concord. 

The wine is of a light straw color, of delicate 
flavor. Mr. Husmann mixed some of its must 
with the Maxatawney, in equal parts, and made 
thus one of the best American white wines we ever 
tasted. 

Massasoit (Roger’s Hybrid No. 3). 

4 


Not yet 


WN 


fruited here. We copy the following deseription 
by Mr. Wilder, our celebrated veteran of American 
pomology, from the Grape Culturist : 

Bunch vather short, medium size, shouldered; berry 
medium size; color brownish red. Flesh tender and 
sweet, with a little of the native flavor when fully ripe. 
Season same as the Hartford Prolific. Very free from 
disease, and sufficiently vigorous. 

Maxatawney. A chance seedling, origin- 
ated in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania. First 
brought into notice in 1858. Our favorite white 
grape. Bunch medium, long, compact, usually not 
shouldered ; berry above medium, oblong, pale yel- 
low, with slight amber tint on the sunny side. 
Flesh tender, not pulpy, sweet and delicious, with 
fine aroma, few seeds; quality best, both for table 
and wine. Ripens rather late for northern localities, 
but where it fully ripens, as here in Missouri, if is 


38 BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


MAXATAWNEY (half diameter). 


one of the finest of our native white grapes, much 
like the European white Chasselas. 

Vine very healthy and hardy; needs no protec- 
tion in winter ; foliage large, deeply indented, quite 
free from disease. Must 82°. 

Will make a very delicate white wine, without gal- 
lizing.—Husmann. 

Merrimack (Roger’s No. 19). Regarded by 
some as the finest grape in the collection of R.’s 
hybrids. Mr. Wilder says: 

It is one of the most reliable varieties in all seasons. 
Vine very vigorous, free from disease; bunch usually 
smaller than his other black sorts; berry large, sweet, 
tolerably rich, Season about the 20th of September (in 
Massachusetts. ) 

We prefer his No. 4. the ‘‘Wilder;” it is like it 
in quality, with by far larger and heavier bunches, 
and more profitable. 


Miner’s Seedling. (See Venango.) 


Miles. A grape of recent introduction that 
promises to be well worthy of attention; not yet 
fruited with us. We copy its description from Mr. 
Geo. W. Campbell, of Delaware, O., one of our 
most competent and reliable grape growers and 
propagators : 

The vine is a good, healthy, strong grower, and the 
fruit very early, and of good quality and flavor. It is 
a black grape, compact in bunch, and of medium size in 
both bunch and berry. In flayor sprightly, sweet and 
vinous; pulp soft; quality good. Will probably be 
found very valuable for early market, as also for the 
table, and for wine. Ripens last of August. 

Would ripen here two weeks earlier. 


Montgomery. Probably a seedling of a 
foreign grape. We cannot, as yet, speak of its 
adaptability to our climate. Dr. W. A. Royce, of 
Newburgh, N. Y., describes it as a fine grower, a 
superlative white dessert grape. Bunch and berry 
superb; 1 to 2 tbs. weight; keeps well through 
winter; needs thin, warm, dry soil, and winter 
protection. 


Mottled. Originated with Mr. Charles Car- 
penter, Kelley’s Island. A seedling of the Catawba. 
Earlier in ripening, and less disposed to mildew 
and rot than its parent. Our esteemed friend M. 
H. Lewis, of Sandusky, Ohio, says: 

“* This variety undoubtedly deserves more credit 
than it has gained, at home and abroad.’’ 

And those of our grape growers who seem disposed 
to plant again the Catawba, we would advise to 
give this, her daughter, a fair trial. 

Bunch medium size, very compact, slightly shoul- 
dered; berries medium to large, round, distinctly 
mottled with different shades of red or maroon 
while ripening, but nearly a uniform dark Catawba 
color when fully ripe, with a slight bloom. Fiesh 
sweet, vinous, always rather pulpy and acid at the 
center. Skin thick. More desirable as a wine than 
a table grape. Vines healthy, hardy and very 
productive on old, established vines; moderately 
vigorous ; foliage abundant; wood short-jointed. 
It was recorded by three competent judges, Mr. 
Geo. Leick being one, that its must, a year since, 
weighed 94°, with acid 4°. 

Mount Lebanon. Originated by George 
Curtis, of the United Society of Mount Lebanon, 
Columbia county, N. Y.; supposed to be a cross 
of Spanish Amber and Isabella. Not yet tried here. 
We received it for testing and propagation of Mr. 
J. H. Foster, Camden Co., N. J., who recommends 
it as an early and hardy grape, and thinks that it 
will rank highly for vineyard and garden culture. 


Northern Muscadine. (Zad.) A seedling 
raised by the Shakers of New Lebanon, N. Y. 
Opinions differ widely about its value. Father 
Miinch, as we call our venerable friend, the Hon. 
Frederick Minch, places it as a table grape next to 
the Diana and Venango, and as a wine grape far 
above them. Bunch medium, very compact, almost 
round; berry medium to large, amber-colored, flesh 
pulpy and foxy, sweet, skin thick. Berries apt to 
drop from the bunch when ripe. Ripens early, about 
two weeks before Catawba. Vine of luxuriant 
growth, hardy and productive, free from rot. Its 
must will probably be found valuable to mix with 
some other variety, to which it would impart, we 
believe, a fine Muscat flavor. 


North Carolina. (Lab.) This seedling orig- 
inated with that veteran pomologist, J. B. Garber, 
of Columbia, Pa.; belongs to the Isabella type, and 
is a good market grape of fair quality. Bunch 
medium to large, occasionally shouldered, moder- 
ately compact, very showy. Berries large, oval, 


GRAPES—DESCRIPTION 


OF VARIETIES. 39 


if 
¥ Lak 


yf 
LY, 
PA 


Ss 
oN 


. 
\ 
SS \ 


THE NORTH CAROLINA SEEDLING. 


black with slight blue bloom; flesh pulpy but sweet; 
skin thick; hangs well to the bunch, will keep well 
and carry to market in good condition. Ripens 
early, coloring a few days before the Concord. Vine 
an enormous grower, hardy, healthy and very pro- 
ductive; requires long pruning and ‘‘plenty to do.’’ 
The initiated can also make a good muscatell wine 
of it. Must, 84°. 

Norton, or Norton’s Virginia. Originated 
from seed of a wild grape (from the forests in Han- 
over county, Virginia) in the garden of Dr. D. N. 
Norton, an amateur horticulturist near Richmond, 
Va., and was introduced by him to public notice 
about forty years ago. It made but little progress, 
until about twenty years ago, when Mr. Heinrichs 
and Dr. Kehr brought it, each a few sprigs, to our 


Hermann vine-dressers. This little insignificant 
looking grape, pronounced worthless by Mr. Lon g- 
worth, the father of American grape culture, and 
really not very suitable for Pennsylvania, New 
York, Ohio, etc.. has become the great and lead- 
ing variety for red wine, not merely in Missouri, 
where its superior qualities were first appreciated 
and brought out in full splendor, and in its native 
State, but far and near wherever grape vines are 
planted; and it is now so popular that it will be 
difficult to make our grape growers believe a variety 
still superior to the Norton can be found. 
we claim this for the ‘ Cynthiana.” 

The bunch of the Norton is long. compact and 
shouldered; berry small, black, with dark bluish 
red juice, almost without pulp when fully ripe; 


And yet 


\\. 
ANS 


| } 


hi 


ey 


WM 


y) 


Wy) 
LD 


Ni, 
Yi 


ve 


—— 


Oriel) 


N 


Hybrid 


(Arnold's 


OTHELLO 


GRAPES—DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. 


41 


sweet and brisk. Ripens late, in October. Vine 
vigorous, healthy, hardy and productive when well 
established, but very impatient of transplanting and 
exceedingly difficult to propagate. Wherever the 
season will admit of a thorough and perfect ripen- 
ing of its fruit, the Norton will succeed in almost 
any soil. In rich bottoms it comes early into bear- 
ing, and is enormously productive—on high hills 
with rather poor soil and southern aspects it is 
tardy in coming into bearing, but produces there 
the richest wine, of great body and superior medi- 
cal qualities.* It has quite a peculiar cofeine flavor, 
which at first seems unpleasant to many, but which, 
like coffee, endears itself to our taste. Must, 115°. 

Oporto. Of the same species as the Taylor’s Bullit; 
a true native with a foreign name. Bunches usually 
very imperfect; berries small, black, harsh and very 
ucid; considered a very poor variety by Mr. Fuller. 
**Of no value, a complete humbug.’’?—Husmann. 

Ontario. Closely resembling and most proba- 
bly identical with Union Village. 


Onondaga. A seedling, originated in Fayette- 
ville, Onondaga Co., N. Y.; a cross between the 
Diana and the Delaware; said to combine in some 
degree the flavor of both. Its appearance is cer- 
tainly very fine, resembling Diana. Should it 
prove here as good and healthy as its originator 
claims, it would indeed be a valuable acquisition, 


Othello (Arnold’s Hybrid No. 1.) A cross 
from what is called Clinton in Canada (but not 
the true Clinton) fertilized by the pollen of Black 
Hamburg. Described in the Am. Hort. Annual for 
1868, as follows: ‘* Bunch and berry very large, much 
resembling the Black Hamburg in appearance. 
Black with a fine bloom. Skin thin, the flesh very 
solid, but not pulpy; flavor pure and sprightly, 
but in the specimens we have seen rather acid. 
Ripening with the Delaware.’’ 

There is no doubt that this as well as the other 
Hybrids of Mr. Arnold will prove much better in 
quality in our more congenial climate and soil, and 
having stood the exposure to which they were sub- 
ject there (in Canada) may with safety be recom- 
mended as hardy and healthy. 

Pauline. A Southern black grape, of the same 
family as the Lenoir and Alvey. Said to be superior 
for both wine and the table. (There is also a pale 
amber grape cultivated at the South under the same 
name). Mr. G. W. Campbell, of Delaware, O., says: 
‘*Tt isa very strong grower; healthy and hardy as 
Lenoir, which it somewhat resembles; itis, however, 
later in ripening and usually overtaken by frosts here 
(in Northern Ohio) before ripe.’’ Not yet fruited here. 

Perkins. (Zabd.) The true Perkins, as we 
have it, is a valuable, very early market grape. 
Bunch large, shouldered, compact; berries medium, 
oblong, often flattened by their compactness, of a 
fine, pale lilac color when fully ripe, with a thin 


™ *It is the great remedy here for dysentery and diseases of 
the bowels. 


white bloom; flesh sweet, juicy, but somewhat 
foxy, skin thick; ripens a few days after Hartford 
Prolific and before Delaware. Vine a vigorous 
grower, healthy and productive. 


Rebecca. (Zabr.) An accidental seedling, 
found in the garden of E. M. Peake, of Hudson, N. 
Y. It is one of our finest white grapes, but unfor- 
tunately very tender in winter, subject to mildew, 
of weak growth, deficient foliage and not produc- 
tive. On south walls, in well protected situations, 
with dry soil and good culture, it succeeded however 
very well and produced most delicious white grapes. 
Bunches medium, compact, not shouldered; berries 
medium, obovate, skin thin, pale green, tinged 
with yellow or pale amber color at full maturity, 
covered with a thin white bloom; flesh tender, 
juicy, free from pulp, sweet with a peculiar musky 
and luscious aroma, distinct from any other grape; 
seeds small; leaves of scarcely medium size, very 
deeply lobed and sharply serrated. Suited only to 
amateur culture. 


Rentz. A Cincinnati seedling, produced by 
the late Sebastian Rentz, a most successful vigne- 
ron. Claimed to be equal, if not superior to Ives. 
A large, rather coarse black grape, very vigorous 
and healthy in vine and foliage, and very produc- 
tive. Bunch large, compact, often shouldered; berry 
large, round, black; flesh rather pulpy and musky, 
with abundant sweet juice. Ripens earlier than 
lves seedling, and is said to make a fine red wine; 
may prove successful for this purpose, but is too 
pulpy for a table grape. Not sufficiently tested to 
be recommended. 

Requa (Roger’s No. 28). Not yet fruited here; 
but Mr. Wilder, who had a better opportunity than 
most men to form an accurate opinion of the merits 
of these hybrids, and is without doubt the most 
reliable source, describes it in the Grape Culturist 
(June 1869) as follows: 

‘Vine tolerably vigorous, and quite productive; huwwch 
large, shouldered; bervy medium size, roundish; skin 
thin; flesh tender and sweet, with a trace of the native 
flavor; color bronzy green, assuming a dull brown red 
at maturity; season middle of September. A grape of 
tine quality, but subject to rot in unfavorable seasons.’’ 


Rulander, or Ste. Genevieve. What we 
call here the Rulander is not precisely the same 
vine known by that name in the neighborhood of 
Mentz, Germany, but is claimed to be either a for- 
eign variety or a seedling from such foreign grape 
brought by the early French settlers to the Western 
bank of the lower Mississippi (Ste. Genevieve). 
Mr. Husmann, however, believes it to be a native 
belonging to the southern division of the stivalis 
class, entirely different in foliage, wood and fruit 
from all the varieties belonging to the Vitis Vinifera 
class. Be this as it may, it certainly is one of our 
most valuable wine grapes. Bunch rather small, 
very compact, shouldered; bey small, black, with- 
out pulp, juicy, sweet and delicious; not subject 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


to rot or mildew. Vine a strong, vigorous, short 
jointed grower, with heart-shaped, light green, 
smooth leaves, hanging on till late in Noyember; 
very healthy and hardy, but requires covering in 
winter. And although it will not bear b2g crops, 
it makes up in quality as a wine grape what it may 
lack in quantity. It makes an excellent pale red or 
rather brownish wine, closely resembling sherry, 
which was repeatedly awarded a first premium as 
the best light colored wine. Must, 100°—110°. 

Roger’s Hybrids. Those of Mr. 
Roger’s valuable seedlings to whom he 
has given names in place of numbers, by 
which they have hitherto been designated, 
have been placed, in alphabetical order, in 
their appropriate places*; but there are 
some remaining numbers yet unnamed, 
which certainly deserve aname. By naming 
them he would also put an end to the many 
mistakes which have been made and which, 
we fear, will now become still more numer- 
ous, from having both numbered and named 
varieties. 

No. 2. One of the largest of all his 
Hybrids. Bunch and berry very large; dark 
purple, nearly black; late in ripening, and 
in flavor somewhat like the Catawba. 
au vigorous grower and very productive. 
Seems to be also promising for wine. 

No. 5. Not yet fruited here. Mr. Geo. W. 
Campbell says: 

‘*One of the finest of Rogers’ Hybrids, and 
deserving to be better known. Bunch medium 
to large, moderately compact; berrdes large, 
round, red; sweet and rich; free from foxiness 
and in quality one of the very best. Vine per- 
fectly hardy and healthy, but not as strong a 
grower as some others.’’ 

No. 8. Considered by Mr. Husmann as 
one of the best, and especially valuable for 
wine making purposes. Bunch and berry 
large, color pale red, but the fully matured 
berries a deep coppery red with fine light 
gray bloom; flesh sweet, juicy, with pleas- 
ant flavor and almost. entirely free from 
pulp. Skin about the same thickness as 
Catawba, but has less of the astringency or 
harshness of that variety. Vine a strong, 
vigorous grower, with broad, thick and 
coarse foliage. Very hardy and productive. 


Vine 


Salem (Rogers’ No. 53.) Like Agawam (No. 
15) and Wilder (No. 4) this is a hybrid between a 
native and the Black Hamburg. Bunch large and 
compact, broad, shouldered; berry large as Ham- 
burg, of a light chestnut or catawba color; flesh 
tolerably tender, sweet, with rich, aromatic flavor; 


*No. 1. Goethe. No. 14. Gaertner. No. 41. Essex. 
No. 3. Massasoit. No. 15. Agawam. No. 43. Barry. 
No. 4. Wilder. No. 19. Merrimac. No. 44. Herbert. 
No. 9. Lindley. No. 28. Requa,. No. 53. Salem. 


considered in quality one of the best; ripens as 
early as Delaware; it also keeps well. Vine very 
vigorous, healthy; wood of a lighter color than 
most of the Rogers grapes. In 1868 it was awarded 
the first premium at the fair of the Lake Shore 
Grape Growers’ Association. It is well worthy of 
extended trial in our vineyards, and will probably 
prove valuable for wine, besides being a very attrac- 
tive and excellent table grape. Mr. T. L. Harris, 
of Brockton, N. Y., planted 30 acres vineyard of 


ROGERS’ HYBRID NO. 8. 


this one variety, and is highly satisfied with the 
result. 


Shaker. See Union Village. 


Taylor, or Bullit (often called Taylor’s Bul- 
lit) (Cord.) Introduced to notice by Judge ‘Taylor, 
of Jericho, Henry county, Kentucky. It is gener- 
ally considered very unproductive. It seems that 
the vines of this variety require age, and spur prun- 
ing on old wood to make it produce well. Mr. 
Husmann says: 


GRAPES—DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. gs 


hy NY, 
Y 
<i 

\ \y 


AANA 


Re S Wiit4A 


hs 


\ 


\ =i 
nee 


\\\ we) |) 
))} : 
H] 
N f 
\ 
\ 


THE SALEM GRAPE. 


44 BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


‘*Give the vine plenty of room and plenty to do, i. e., 
prune it long and we think it will bear satisfactory 
crops When four years old.’’ 

Mr. Samuel Miller suggests to us to plant the 
Clinton among our Taylor to fertilize them. We 
have tried it and shall report the result. ‘The 
bunches are small, but compact and sometimes 
shouldered; berry small, white to pale amber, 
round, sweet and without pulp. Skin translucent, 
very thin, but tough. Vine a very strong, rampant 
grower, healthy and very hardy. 
great body and fine flavor, more closely resemb- 
ling the celebrated Riesling of the Rhine than per- 
haps any other of our American varieties. 


Telegraph. A seedling from the Summer 
Grape (V. stivalis). Mr. Sam. Miller, of Bluft- 
ton, says itis one of the most promising of all the 
new EARLY grapes, ‘*Telegraph”’ and ‘‘Christine’’ 
were usually recorded as synonymous. But this 
seems to be a mistake, and our Telegraph is much 
superior to the Christine. Bunch medium, very 
compact, shouldered; berry medium, oval, black, 
with blue bloom; flesh juicy, with very little pulp, 
spicy and of good quality; ripens as early as Hart- 
ford Prolific. A constant and reliable bearer. 
a healthy, vigorous grower, in rich soil. 


Vine 


To-Kalon (Synonyms: the Wyman and the Carter 
grape). Originated at Lansingburg, and was at first 
supposed to be identical with the Catawba. C. Down- 
ing showed that it was entirely distinct and at first 
highly recommended it for general cultivation, but soon 
afterwards found that it drops its fruit and mildews very 
badly, and so stated; admitting, however, that ‘‘this 
grape is very fine, when you can get it.’’ Bunch medium 
to large, shouldered, compact; berrzes varying in form 
from round to oval, nearly black in color and profusely 
covered with bloom; flesh sweet, buttery and luscious, 
without foxiness in its aroma or any toughness in its 
pulp. An early but a shy bearer. 

Underhill’s Seedling (Ladr.) A compara— 
tively new seedling, at first pronounced as ‘‘of no 
more value than many other fox grapes’ by Mr. 
Fuller, but now considered by such gool authority 
as G. W. Campbell to be ‘‘of more value than the 
lona for general cultivation.’’? With us here, how- 
ever, this praise will not say much. Bunch medium 
to large, moderately compact; berries full medium, 
round, of catawba color; pulp tender, sweet, rich 
and vinous; slightly foxy; ripens early, about with 
the Concord. Vine a strong grower, hardy, healthy 
and productive. Not yet tested here. 

Una. A new white seedling, raised by Mr. E. 
W. Bull, the originator of the Concord. Not yet 
disseminated. 

Union Village (Synonyms: Shaker, Ontario) 
(Labr.) Originated among the Shakers at Union 
Village, Ohio. One of the largest of the native 
grapes we have, and one of the strongest growing 
vines. It is said to be a seedling of the Isabella, 


Its wine is of 


scarcely better in quality, but the bunches and 
berries are of the size of the Black Hamburghs. 
Bunches large, compact, shouldered; berries very 
large, black, oblong; skin thin, covered with bloom; 
flesh quite sweet, when fully ripe, and of tolerably 
good quality; ripens late. Vine a coarse grower, 
but tender, requires protection in severe winters; 
often unhealthy. 

Venango, or Mimer’s Seedling (Labdr.) 
Bunch medium, compact; berries above medium, 
round, often flattened by their compactness, color 
pale red with a fine white bloom; skin thick; flesh 
sweet, but pulpy and foxy. Vine very healthy, 
hardy and productive. 

Walter. A new grape, raised by that enthusi- 
astic horticulturist, Mr. A. J. Caywood, of Pough- 
keepsic, N. Y., crossing the Delaware with Diana. 
From the many premiums awarded to this grape, 
from the favorable reports by all who have seen or 
tested it for wine. it may well claim to be a first- 
class grape, and to merit a trial wherever American 
grapes are successfully grown. For the present it 
labors yet under the disadvantage of having been 
well tested in one locality only, and of being repre- 
Sented as the climax of perfection, or, at least, as 
being superior to all other American varieties, by 
its originator. In justice to the latter, however. 
it must be admitted that he honestly believes all he 
claims for his seedling, and has distributed the 
same with a liberality and a disinterestedness 
searcely ever equaled by any originator of a new 
variety. It is now growing in almost every soil 
and location of this Union, and its true merits for 
general cultivation will soon be better ascertained 
than those of many older varieties. In general 
appearance, the characters of both the Diana and 
Delaware are said to be discernible. The bunch 
and berry are of medium size, of light Catawba 


color. Flesh tender, rich and sweet, ripening very 
early. Vine said to be a strong grower, with dark 


brown, short-jointed wood; large, tough leaves 
green on the upper and lower surface, not wooly); 
free from mildew, hardy, healthy and very pro- 
lific. This trying season, it dropped its foliage 
same as its parent, the Delaware. Must 99°; acid 
9.3-10. 

Weehawken. A white grape raised by Dr. 
Chas. Siedhof, of North Hoboken, N. J., from the 
seed of a grape from the Crimea—V. Vinifera. 

Numerous fruitless attempts have been made to pro- 
cure a seedling of the European grape that will endure 
our climate. As far as Dr. 8.’s immediate locality is 
concerned, he has been successful. It remains to be 
seen what will be its behavior in other localities. 

: —Am., Hortic. Annual, 1868. 

With us, at Bushberg, it does well, so far, Its 
foliage is very handsome, and decidedly foreign in 
character. 


GRAPES—DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. 


THE WALTER 


=< 


GRAPE. 


46 BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


to be one of the most profitable and popular vari- 
eties for the market in cultivation, its size and 
beauty being equaled by its vigor, hardiness and 
productiveness. (The cut does not do justice to 
this most beautiful variety, which in appearance 
resembles the Black Hamburg.) 


Bunch large, often shouldered, sometimes weigh- 
ing a pound; berry large, globular; color dark 
purple, nearly black. Flesh tolerably tender, with 
a slight pulp, pleasant and sweet. Ripens with 
and sometimes earlier than the Concord, keeping 
for a long time. The vine is vigorous, hardy, 
healthy and productive. 


THE WILDER GRAPE. 


SMALL 


HADES . 


[From a Lecture by Dr. Jonn A. Warpemr, of Cincinnati, 
Delivered January 13, 1868.] 

We now come to the consideration of the smal/ 
Fruits, which, however, may constitute a very large 
share of the food, comfort and luxury of a well- 
regulated family, either in the country or city, and 


: 
| 
| 


which will contribute in no small degree to healthi- | 


ness of the people, by substituting their grateful 
acids and sweets for the calomel. ipecac, tartar, 
soda and potash, freely drawn from the druggist’s 
shelves, either for cure or production of disease, 
according as they are administered by the doctor, 
or by the cooks. 


THE STRAWBERRY. 


This comes first in the order of the season, and, 
indeed, it is the most universally welcomed and 
relished of them all. The cultivation of this fruit 
is so simple, and the returas so speedy and so 
grateful, that it should occupy a prominent place 
in every farmer’s garden. This fruit will grow in 
almost any soil, but a good stiff loam, well stirred, 
is probably the best. The strawberry plants should 
be well-rooted runners, or off-shoots from an older 
plantation. They should be taken up carefully, 
so as to have good roots. If these have been formed 
in small flower-pots sunk near the parent bed, so 
much the better, as the fibers, being confined by 
the pot, will be less disturbed in transplanting; or 
the ball may be set entire. 

Strawberries may be grown in hills, in rows, or 
in beds. The latter is the common method, and 
the beds are formed by planting two or more rows 
a foot or fifteen inches apart, setting the plants 
twelve inches one from another in the rows. In 
the beds, the runners are allowed to grow, and to 
increase the number of plants indefinitely, so that 
they are often injured by being crowded too closely 

‘together. When planted in hills, they are set 
eighteen inches apart; the space between them is 
kept perfectly clean, and the runners are cut as 
soon as they appear. This results in the greater 
growth of the original plant, which has an increased 
number of crowns from which the blossoms and 
fruit proceed in greater numbers. This method 
affords the producer the best possible results in 
the size and appearance of his fruit, but it is 
attended with more labor and expense than the 
bed system. Many cultivators prefer planting in 


| growing season. 


| soil. 


; 


rows, when they set the strawberries about a foot 
apart, and place the rows two, feet or more one 
from another, according as they expect to use plows 
or hoes in their culture. In the narrow rows, the 
runner may be cut off, and the. fruit will be almost 
as fine as that grown in the hills; but in the wider 
rows, the runners are generally allowed to strike 
roots, and spread the row into a bed in the course 
of the first summer after planting. 

Spring is the best time for setting out plants, 
though this may be done at any time during the 
The advantage of early planting 
is the longer period allowed for the stools to 
grow and become thoroughly established in the 
‘The plants are set by the line, a hollow is 
opened with the trowel, in this the roots are spread 
out, then covered with mellow earth, and pressed 
firmly with the fist, or even with the heel. If 
watered at once, a little fresh earth should be 
thrown in to prevent the cracking; but great care 
must be taken to avoid placing the crown below 
the surface of the ground; in other words, the roots 
must be planted, and not the crown, from which 
the crowns arise. 

Mulching with old rotten manure, applied after 
planting, will encourage the growth of the straw- 
berries, and keep the soil moist. Winter mulching 
with clear straw, leaves, or other material. should 
be liberally applied after the ground has frozen, 
and be left to protect the buds during the winter, 
and to be removed from the crowns of the plants in 
the spring. 

being left between the rows, the straw will make 
a good summer mulch, and keep the fruit clean. In 
hill culture, saw dust and old tan bark have been 
recommended, and still another material—spent 
hops from the brewery—has been used with excel- 
lent effect. 

Strawberries have a peculiarity in their blossoms, 
from which they have been classified as Pistillates, 
Staminates and Hermaphrodites. In the first class 
the stamens are so defective that the flowers need 
the fertilizing influence of other kinds which must 
be planted near them. ‘These furnish many of our 
favorite varieties, especially those which are largely 
cultivated in beds. The next class embraces most 
of those sorts which produce the largest berries; 
their flowers are often so deficient in the pistils that 
a large per centage of them fail to set fruit. This is 
particularly the case when these varieties are grown 


48 BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


in beds and are allowed to multiply their runners. 
They are, however, quite productive when cultiva- 
ted in hills, and they have formed branching crowns 
from which spring numerous trusses of flowers. 
Besides these two classes there is another, in which 
the two sexes are so evenly combined that almost 
every flower is followed by perfect fruit. A very 
few varieties of the strawberry, either cultivated or 
wild, belong to this group. These different classes 
will be indicated in the list by the letters P,S, and H. 


Wilsen’s Albamy. (H.) Originated with John 
Wilson, of Albany, N. Y. This superior variety 
has probably done more to the advancing of straw- 
berry culture in this country than any other. The 
plants will often fail after producing a full crop, 
and the beds should be frequently renewed. It is 
one of the most productive varieties known; large, 
irregular, conical, dark crimson with golden yellow 
seed; and many like it for its acid flavor. It is 
hardy, fruit firm, bears transportation well, and will 
probably yield more quarts of berries than any other 
variety. It is ‘‘the berry for the million.” 


Agriculturist. (H.) Originated 
with Seth Boyden, Newark, N. J. 
It succeeds remarkably well on light 
sandy soils as well as on some that are 
heavy. It produces some fine, large 
berries, of middling quality and a great | 
number of inferior berries. Shape 
conical, with long neck; color light 
reddish crimson; flesh deep red, sweet 
and good; but too soft. Plant a 
strong grower, hardy and moderately 
productive. It dees not stand as high 
as some other varieties in Missouri. 


Boyden No. 30. A new seed- 
ling of Seth Boyden, the originator of 
the Green Prolific. The highest recom- 
mendaction that can be given to it is> 
that it is superior to that well proved 
reliable sort. The fruit is said to be 
larger than that of any other Ameri- 
can variety. 

Charles Downing. (H.) A 
new seedling from Downer’s Prolific, 
originated with J. $. Downer, of Elk- 
ton, Ky., and claimed by all who have 
fruited it to be superior to that well 
known, reliable sort. One of the most 
vigorous growing varieties that we 
have, and will, from present appear- 
ances, prove to be quite productive. 

Downer’s Prolific. (H.) Orig- 
inated with Downer, of Kentucky, 
and sueceeds well. Yields the bulk 
of its crop early, when fruit sells for 
high prices; a great bearer, and_ its 


extreme hardiness makes it a very remunerative 
sort indeed; an excellent market variety, pro- 
vided the market is near by. Size medium to 
large; globular, light scarlet; seeds deeply imbed- 
ded; flesh rather soft; acid and highly perfumed ; 
hardy and very prolific. 


Golden Queen. (iI.) This new variety 
originated near Rochester, N. Y. Claimed by 
some to be identical with 'Trollope’s Victoria, an 
old English variety long and well known in this 
country. Being such a fine yielder and such a 
large and beautiful fruit, besides ripening very late 
in the season, makes it one of the most valuable 
and desirable sorts. Berries very large, roundish 
conical, light pale scarlet; seeds slightly imbedded 
and set wide apart; flesh nearly white, juicy, but 
often insipid. 

Green Prolific. (P.) Originated with Seth 
Boyden, N. J. One of the most valuable varieties 
on account of its extreme hardiness. Berries very 
large, round, pale crimson, or deep scarlet; seeds 
slightly sunken; rather soft, very acid, and of 
inferior flavor. Vigorous and productive. 


AGRICULTURIST. 


SMALL FRUIT—DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. 49 


Ida. (P.) Originated 
with E. H. Cocklin, Shep- 
herdstown, Pa. This variety 
is receiving universal praise 
by all who have fruited it. 
It yields fully equal to any 
Other sort, and we do not 
hesitate to recommend it. 
Berry small, slightly conical ; 
color bright scarlet; rather 
acid, but good. It is very 
strong and hardy, of rapid 
and certain growth, bears an 
immense crop, and in regular 
succession for three weeks. 


Jucunda. (S.) A for- 
eign variety, lately revived 
under the name of Knox’s 
700. Berries uniformly large 
and of a beautiful scarlet 
color; excellent flavor; a 
good grower, but rather ten- 
der ; moderately productive 
wherever it succeeds. 


JUCUNDA. 


Mexican Ever-Bearing. (H.) This straw- 


& Co., of Michigan, as obtained from a plant which 
came from the mountains in the State of Vera Cruz, 


| 
| 
berry is introduced to the public by Messrs. Whiting 
| 


Mexico. It is said to be very hardy, showing green 


fruit stalks and leaves when the snow goes off in 
the spring; very prolific. The fruit of medium 
size and aromatic (?) flavor; flesh solid, bearing 
transportation very well; in form irregular conical, 
of bright scarlet color, and a continuous bearer. 


50 BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


According to the testimony of persons conversant | 


with this fruit, it is a vigorous grower. It forms 
new crowns throughout the season, and bears con- 
tinuously from early June until late in October. It 
is supposed by many persons, however, to be an 
Alpine, or very little different from that old well- 
known sort. We have just planted a few dozen of 
it, and cannot speak as yet knowingly ourselves. 
Napoleon IIE. (H.) This variety has suc- 
ceeded very well, withstanding the intense heat as 
well as any we have. We consider it good for the 
amateur and family. Berry large, coxcomb-shaped, 
of a brilliant crimson; flesh white, firm, juicy, very 
sweet, and of a high flavor, delicious ; ripens late. 


ANY 


Nicanor. (H.) A 
new seedling raised by 
Messrs. Ellwanger & 
. Barry, of Rochester, N. 

| in Y. It promises to bea 
Hw very valuable variety. 
Wy Its fault, if any, is 
Y that the leaves are not 
sufficiently large and 
vigorous to withstand 
our long hot and dry 
weather. Berry medium, and of a beautiful deep scar- 
let red, glossy; flesh reddish, sweet and high flavored; 
and, in some localities, very good as a market berry. 


President Wilder. 
This new variety was pro- 
duced in 1861 by Mr. 
Marshall P. Wilder, from 
WY , artificial impregnation of 
| Hovey’s seedling, the 
favorite Massachusetts 
variety, with La Con- 
stante, one of the most 
beautiful foreign straw- 
berries known. Messrs. 
Tilton & Co., publishers 
of the Boston Journal of 
ZZ Horticulture, have bought 

he entire stock of this 

new variety, and offer it 
as a premium to the sub- 
seribers of said journal 
for 1869 and 1870,to each of 
whom six plants are to be 
delivered next season. It 
‘has received the highest 
‘praise for perfection of 
form, flavor and _brilli- 
aney of color. The plant 


is said to be hardy, ro- 


bust, vigorous, and very 


productive ; the foliage 
well developed, dark 
green; the flowers per- 
fect ; the fruit large, some 
berries weighing more 
than an ounce each; their 
color brilliant crimson 
scarlet ; the flesh rosy 
white, juicy, but suffi- 
ciently firm for market; 
flavor sprightly, with a 
distinct aroma of the Al- 
pine strawberry; seed 
small; season late. We 
shall endeavor to propa- 
gate from it healthy 
plants for next spring 
delivery, at the lowest 
Eastern prices. 


Russell’s Prolific. (P.) This variety origin- 
ated with H. Russell, Seneca Falls, N. Y. In many 
localities a very profitable sort, but should have 
every fourth to sixth row planted with some late 
staminate sort, on account of their being such late 
blossomers themselves, and requiring fertilizing. 
Berry large, round and somewhat irregular ; color 
bright crimson, and a rich sub-acid flavor. 

Romeyn?’s Seedling. (H.) ‘There are per- 
haps none of the new varieties that attract as much 
attention as this. It is claimed to be equal to the 
Triomphe de Gand in every respect, and far more 
productive on all soils. Serry large, perfectly 
solid, and of very fine flavor, of a fine bright red 
color, and a very prolific bearer. 


Triomphe de Gand. (H.) An excellent 
variety when grown in hills on a heavy soil, with 
rich cultivation, and has probably been more exten- 
sively cultivated and given better satisfaction than 
any other foreign variety ever introduced. Berry 
very large, irregular, conical, but often flattened, 
bright crimson; flesh firm, crisp, of rather mild 
flavor. 


RASPBERRIES. 


‘ 

Next to the strawberry, and nearly allied to it in 
its botanical relations, is the raspberry, which fur- 
nishes a fruit of high flavor and exquisite fragrance. 
It is no wonder that this should be a favorite with 
all fruit growers, since it is easily produced, hardy, 
makes quick returns, is easily gathered, and com- 
mands a ready sale at high prices. And yet it is 
equally surprising that so few farmers’ gardens are 
stocked with the raspberry. 

Every soil that is cultivable will produce this 
fruit, but a good loam is best adapted to it. The 
only preparation requisite, is ordinary plowing of 
the land, but deep cultivation and manuring are 
well bestowed on the raspberry patch, and it should 
be kept clean by thorough summer cultivation. 

The raspberry may be planted in the fall, but the 
early spring is generally preferred. They may be 
set about three feet apart in rows that are from six 
to nine feet wide, or planted in hills five by five 
feet, or wider for some of the larger sorts. Planting 
in rows is usually preferred. 

Trimming the raspberry was formerly done only 
in the winter, and consisted in shortening the canes 
and removing the old dead wood and the surplus 
feeble shoots, so as to leave from two to four on 
each plant. Fall pruning, if done too early, may 
prove very injurious if followed by mild growing 
weather, that causes the buds to grow and thus 
destroys a portion of the next year’s crop. Of 
course, it is understood that all the varieties and 
species of genus rubus, including the raspberry and 
blackberry, produce shoots one year that become 
the bearing canes of the next summer, and then 
die. An apparent exception exists in autumnal 


SMALL FRUIT—DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. 81 


bearing raspberries, which produce blossoms and 
fruits upon the shoots the season of their growth. 

Summer pruning is now practiced by all good 
cultivators. This isa very simple operation, and 
consists in pinching off the shoots as soon as they 
are two teet high, which causes them to branch out 
with strong laterals, and these are to be cut back 
according to their strength in the winter. By this 
means the plants are made more stocky and bushy: 
they resemble little trees, and are able to bear enor- 
mous crops. At the same time all'redundant branch 
shoots are to be cut away. This method also obvi- 
ates the necessity for any kind of support, such as 
stakes or trellis, since the sturdy plants are able to 
stand alone. 

We have two American species of eatable rasp-— 
berries, the strigosus or red fruited, and the occiden- 
talis or thimble berry—the black caps. Besides 
these the European species, the ideus, furnishes 
many delicious raspberries, most of which are ten- 
der and need winter protection. 3 


c 

American Improved, or Doolittle’s 
Black Cap. Found growing wild about 25 
years ago, by Lander Joslyn, of Ontario Co., N. 
Y. ‘This variety is now extensively cultivated for 
market, and is valuable for its earliness and produc- 
tiveness. Large, black, with slight bloom, sweet, 
juicy, of the same flavor as the common Black Cap, 
put its fruit is double the size, and it yields from 
four to six quarts to the bush. The extreme thorny 
character of the plant is its greatest fault. 


Miami Black Cap. We received this variety 
from Mr. Geo. A. Miller, of Collinsville, Il., where 
it is grown very extensively and preferred to all 


82 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


others. It is far superior to Doolittle’s Black 
Cap; it ripens a few days later; keeps in bear- 
ing longer, and is less thorny. It is supposed 
by some good horticulturists that the ‘‘Mammoth 
Cluster” is the same as this Miami. Be this as it 
may, we can advise all to plant the ‘‘ Miami,’’ with 
the assurance that, with good cultivation, proper 
pruning and a favorable season, mammoth clusters 
will reward them. 


Lum’s Ever-Bearimg. Another double 
bearing Black Cap raspberry; brought out by Mr. | 
H. B. Lum, of Sandusky, O., and highly recom- | 
mended by Dr. Warder and other reliable horti- 
culturists in the vicinity where it originated, Not 
yet tried here before this season. 


CLARKE. 


Clarke. ‘The best of the Antwerp family, 
originated by E. E. Clarke, New Haven, Conn. 
This comparatively new variety has already gained 
a high reputation, and is without doubt worthy of 
general culture. It has been well tested as to its 
power of resisting drouth; does well on light soil, 
but best on heavy ones. Fruit large, roundish con- 
ical, light crimson; grains medium, very sweet, rich, 
and highly flavored ; parts freely from the core, 
moderately firm. Canes very strong and stocky, 
erect, and the leaves are so tough that they endure 
our hot summers without injury. Very productive, 
and so far as known, perfectly hardy. 


Kirtland. Originated 
with J. P. Kirtland, Cleve- 
land, O. One of the best 
of the native varieties, and 
\ quite hardy with us. Fruit 
medium, nearly round, 
bright red, pretty firm, 


large grain, sweet; sets 
abundantly and matures 


Catawissa. This old, double bearing, purple 
cane sort is valuable only for the purpose of pro- 
ducing a late crop. If cut down early in spring 
it yields a large crop of dark purplish-red delicious 
fruit in the fall, until the ground freezes. The 
plant is quite tender, and must be protected in the 
winter in the Northern States. 


Davison’s Thornless, or Thornless 
Black Cap. Originated in the garden of Mrs. 
Mercy Davison, Gowanda, N. Y.; first introduced 
to the public in 1866. The thornless character of 
this plant is certainly a decided improvement, but 
it is also aless vigorous grower than the Doolittle 
or Miami. The fruit is of the same size and shape 
as the American Improved, but a week earlier. 


H} 
ttl 
i\\ 


PHILADELPHIA. 


well. The earliest of the class, and thereby very 
profitable. 


Philadelphia. Probably the most popular 
market variety, being very hardy and wonderfully 
productive. The fruit is of inferior quality; medium 
size, globular, dark red, moderately firm, sub-acid, 
not very juicy. 

Riley. A new sort, originated with Mr. Riley, 
of Burlington Co., N. J. Said to be the earliest red 
raspberry, of good size; bright red color, fine flavor 
aud very firm. " 

Prosser. Another new variety, originated with 
the late Benj. Prosser, of Burlington, N. J. The 
plant is said to be very vigorous and stocky, having 
somewhat the appearance of the Clarke, but has 
no thorns. (Some parties, when it was first intro- 
duced, called it Burlington.) There being some 
confusion as to this variety, we will state that we 
obtained our stock from Mr. J. H. Foster, Kirk- 
wood, Camden Co., N. J., and it is, no doubt, the 


| genuine Prosser. Fruit large, of fine attractive red 


color and excellent flavor; early and tolerably firm. 


SMALL FRUIT—DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. 


33 


YELLOW 


Yellow Canada (Arnold No.1.) Mr. Chas. 
Arnold, who has been so successful in hybridizing 
the grape, has already made some experiments in 
hybridizing the raspberry. His seedling No. 1 here 
figured, is a pale yellow variety of good quality, and 
apparently very prolific. It is probably the best 
hardy light yellow raspberry known, and should 
be had by every lover of this fruit. 

Red Canada (Arnold's No. 2.) This is another 
of Mr. Arnold’s new seedlings. Mr. Downing says 
of it: 

**Your No. 2 ever-bearing raspberry is bearing finely 
with me this fall, and will no doubt excel all others. 
It is said to be, taking.the season through, even more 
productive than the Philadelphia and much better in 
flavor.’’ 

Antwerp (Hudson River, 
new red Antwerp.) Origin 
unknown; supposed to have 
been brought to this country 
from England, about 50 years 
ago, by Mr. Briggs, of Pough 
keepsie, N. Y., The great 
market berry of Eastern New 
York, but their leaves burn 
more or less here and at the 
South. Fruit large, nearly 
conical, firm, of a pleasant 
sweet but sprightly flavor; canes short, stocky 
growth, with few spines. Very productive in some 
localities, but requires_winter protection. 

Antwerp Yellow. Of European origin (2. 
Ideus) and but little cultivated, as it is not so pro- 


CANADA. 


ductive or good as some others of similar color; 
rather more hardy than the red, but n@t sufficiently 
so to omit protecting. Fruit large, conical, pale 
yellow, sweet, but not high flavored. Canes strong, 
vigorous, light yellow; spines long, slender, and 
sometimes very numerous. 


Franconia. Introduced from France about 
25 years ago. One of the old reliable and profitable 


sorts. Fruit large, obtuse conical, dark crimson, 
firm; flavor sprightly and most delicious. Cane 
strong and branching; spines purple, stout and 
scattered; leaves large, deep green, rather flat 
when fully developed. A very valuable market 
variety. Requires also protection in winter, but 
has been found to endure severe freezing better 
than any of the Antwerp class of raspberries, 


except the Clarke and Kirtland. 


Naomi. Sent out as a new variety from Ohio 
as promising to become ‘‘ the leading raspberry, 
unequaled by any other variety!’’ But ‘‘after 
careful examination of the subject,’? Dr. Kirtland, 
of Cleveland, O., expresses the belief ‘‘that the 
true Naomi, as claimed by Messrs. Elliot, Hall and 
others, is no other than the old Red Franconia,” and 
Mr. Elliott himself now admits ‘that the Naomi was 
so nearly identical with the Franconia, that it was 
impossible to distinguish them by wood, fruit or 
foliage. Still he did not regard them as the same!’” 
Those who wish to buy the Naomi may send for it 
to Mr. Knox. We are satisfied with the Franconia. 

Marvel of Four Seasons (Merveille des 
Quatre Saisons.) Originated in France. Produces 
a second crop in autumn, and is one of the best 


aie oa BUSHBERG 


Cc 


ATALOGUE. 


autumn bearing varieties. Fruit medium, obtuse 
eonical, crimson, soft, sweet and good; canes 
erect, rather slender; spines purple, short and quite 
numerous. Leaves flat, pale green underneath. 
Very hardy and produces a great number of suckers, 
the larger portion of which should be removed as 
soon as they appear, to insure a good crop of fruit. 

Orange, or Brinckle’s Orange. Orig- 
inated with Dr. William Brinckle, of Philadelphia. 
One of the most delicious and attractive berries 
grown, and should be found in every garden. It is 


rather soft to carry a long 
distance to market, but for 
. home use it is invaluable. 
\\ Fruit large, obtuse conical, 
orange, sweet, rich and 
delicious flavor; canes 
strong, with ‘small white 
spines. Plant vigorous 
and productive, but re- 
quires protection in winter. 


BLACKBERRIES. 


The blackberry, though abounding in most parts 
of the country, is entirely deserving of care and 
cultivation. In the garden it is under our control, 
and tay be allowed to reach perfection by hanging 
until perfectly ripe. Any rich deep soil, well 
plowed, will suit this fruit. The plants should be 
allowed plenty of room, and may be set every four 
feet in rows eight or ten feet wide. The ground 
should be well cultivated, or deeply mulched, and 
the suckers must be kept down by cutting them 
with a hoe whenever they appear between the rows, 
and these should not be crowded—one stalk every 
two feet will be sufficient. This being only another 
species of the genus rubus, or bramble, the remarks 
as to the habit and pruning of the raspberry are 
applicable to this species, and need not be repeated, 
except that the summer pruning should be prac- 
ticed a little higher, say from three to four feet, 
according to the vigor of the plants, and the 
redundant shoots must be cut off. 


Lawton, or New Rochelle. ‘This black- 
berry, found by Lewis A. Seacor, of New Rochelle, 
N. Y., has probably done more to make this class 
of fruits popular than any other variety; but the 
present depreciated value of the plants has taken 
away at least one half the incentive to good culture, 
and the result is seen in many a neglected planta- 
tion. Although itis still a valuable variety, yet it 
is not as good as we desire, for the fruit is too acid 
until fully ripe, at which time it is so very soft that 
it will not bear transportation. Fruit very large, 
irregular, roundish oval, black, very juicy, and 
moderately sweet when fully ripe. A strong and 
vigorous grower and very productive. 


Kittatinny. This new wonder among the 
blackberries was found more than twenty years 
ago, growing wild in the woods near the Kittatinny 
mountains in New Jersey; but it was not dissemi- 


nated until about three years ago, and is now con- 
sidered, especially at the West, the most valuable 
variety. It is too vigorous a grower, so much so 
that it is very difficult to be kept within reasonable 
limits. Mr. Fuller truly remarked, ‘‘If my Kitta- 
tinny plants were to continue to grow at the same 
rate in years to come, I fear that my neighbors will 
procure a stock without purchasing them.’’ ‘The 
berries are not quite as large as the new Rochelle, 
but of far better quality, and probably the best 
flavored variety in cultivation; the berries are 
slightly conical, deep shining black, moderately 
firm, sweet and rich; ripens a few days earlier than 
the Lawton, and continues for about four weeks. 


Missouri Mammoth. This is a new candi- 
date for favor introduced by Thompson & Barter, 
of Linn, Mo. Claimed to be enormous in size and 
productiveness; very sweet as soon as black, with 
no core and perfectly hardy. They look promising 
in our grounds, but we are waiting to see the fruit 
before condemning or endorsing this variety. 


Wilson’s Early. Discovered by John Wil- 
son, of Burlington, N. J. One of the most valuable 
varieties we have, but still it is not advisable for 
those who intend this fruit for market to confine 
themselves entirely to this variety, on account of 
its very limited period of ripening. Very large, 
oblong, oval, slightly pointed, black, quite firm, 
sweet, rich, and good; canes strong, roundish, and 
not deeply corrugated. ‘The fruit ripens very early, 
and the entire crop matures in about two weeks. 


White Cluster Blackberry. First dis- 
covered in Lycoming Co., Pennsylvania, where it 
produced a large, fine fruit of a light bright cream 
color, in large clusters; of fine flavor and sweet, 
ripening a little in advance of our common black- 
berry. A good grower and very hardy. Should 
our plants, which are from the original stock, prove 
to be here of equal good qualities, it would be the 
first light colored blackberry that proved worthy of 
cultivation. 


SMALL FRUIT—DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. 


Yi 


Y 


e 
yy 


A © 


EET T ATINNY: 


56 : BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


CURRANT. 


In almost every log cabin garden we used to find 
this health giving fruit, which offers its agreeable 
acid in the heats of summer as an antidote or pre- 
ventive of the bilious effects of our torrid season. 
And yet the currant is a sadly neglected fruit, and 
in many parts of the country there is not enough 
for home consumption. 

This being a northern plant, itis thankful for a 
partial shade or protection from the scorching sun- 
shine (in latitude forty or southward). For this 
object it is well to plant the bushes on the north 
side of a fence or building, and even in the shade 
of young orchard trees, where they sometimes 
suceeed very well for a loug period, even after the 
trees have occupied and shaded the whole surface. 
The currant delights in a deep rich loam, and 
will thrive even where the soil is somewhat moist. 
The bushes should not be crowded, as they require 
about four feet space, each way. Trimming is to 
be done in the fall or winter, as the buds swell very 
early in the spring. It should consist in shorten- 
ing two or three of the strongest young shoots, 
cutting away all the weaker ones, and removing 
only the oldest and exhausted bearing wood. Un- 
like the raspberry, currants do not fruit on the 
young shoots, but upon little spurs that appear 
only on branches that are two or more years old. 

The plantation must be kept clean, and free from 
grass and weeds. After cultivation in spring, it is 
a very good plan to cover the soil with a heavy 
coating of old hay, straw, fodder, leaves, or other 
suitable mulching material, which will retain the 
moisture, and preserve the fruit a long while in fine 
condition. 


Cherry. ‘The largest red currant in cultiva- 
tion, and commands the highest price in market, 
often bringing double and treble the price of that 
obtained for other small varieties. Fruit very large 
and red, acid, not rich, only second-rate; bunch 
variable, from short to quite long, scarlet tapering. 
Plant a coarse grower, the young shoots being very 
strong and stocky; very productive, often produces 
two to three crops. 


Versailles. Not quite so acid as the cherry, 
and the bunch more tapering; by some considered 
a better flavored variety. Fruit large, bunch long, 
and slightly tapering; dark red and acid. 


Red Dutch. A well known reliable and pro- 
ductive sort, yielding immense crops of fruit yearly- 
A vigorous, erect grower. Fruit large, deep red; 
bunches long, tapering, rich, juicy, good. 


White Grape. This is the+best white cur- 
rant we have, being large, of a beautiful yellowish 
white, transparent; bwxch medium, slightly taper- 
ing; juicy, sweet, and rich; moderately vigorous, 
slender, of spreading habit; leaves medium size, 
sharply serrate, with a grayish green color; not 
shining; very productive. 


White Dutch. Very similar to the foregoing. 


Black Naples. The only black currant worth 
cultivating. Fruit very large, black, sweet, but of 
musky flavor; clusters medium, tapering, loose; 
very vigorous grower, and productive after the 
plants have attained considerable age and size. 


GOOSEBERRIES. 


Fashion has wonderfully affected the production 
of this fruit. The fine, large English varieties were 
generally so badly affected with a mildew, that 
their culture was abandoned, except by a few for- 
tunate persons. The introduction of the Houghton 
and American red varieties worked a revolution— 
everybody planted them, and everybody purchased 
them at high prices, for several years; when, lo! 
the cost of sugar caused a change, and the demand 


fell off to such an extent, that the plantations were 
rooted up, and there was no longer any sale for the 
plants, and nurserymen. discontinued their propa- 
gation. Gooseberries are just as valuable, never- 
theless, to the farmer’s family as ever they were, 
and their cultivation is so simple that they may 
and should be grown in every household and gar- 
den and by every cottage. 


POTATOES FOR SEED. 


jana 


Ae 


EARLY 


CULTIVATION OF THE POTATO. 
[From B. K. Bliss & Son’s Deser. Catalogue. ] 


Almost all potato growers have their own pecu- 
liar ideas in regard to potato growing, and each 
is inclined to think his own way best. You may 
consult with almost any two farmers as to what 
they consider the best method of culture, and in a 
majority of cases you will find them to differ 


widely; both are well satisfied with their success,’ 


and we are led to think that the potato can be 
adapted to almost every variety of soil or culture. 
We have no desire to criticise or find fault with 
any of the various methods employed by different 
growers, but we have no hesitation in recommend- 
ing the following as one that will insure success. 
A deep, thoroughly drained, light, sandy loam or 
peaty soil is most suitable for the potato. If the 
soil is new, other things being equal, so much the 


1 


better; well-drained muck-soil, if matured by cul- | 


ture, is appropriate. The application of stable 
manure, unless thoroughly decomposed, is now 
generally considered to increase their liability to 


. . | 
disease, to bring it on at an earlier period than 


would otherwise be the case, and also to produce 
large crops of imperfectly matured ‘‘tubers,” which, 
if they escape the disease while in the ground, are 
more liable to be attacked after they are lifted than 
those grown on poorer soil. The ground selected, 


ROSE. 


therefore, should be in fair condition from having 
been moderately manured for some exhausting 
green crop in the previous season. But if the only 
land to be had is so poor as to render it necessary 
to apply manure in order to insure a fair crop, then 
use charred vegetable refuse, superphosphate of 
lime, or a very light dressing of well-decayed farm- 
yard manure. Plow deep, and subsoil. Many 
prefer fall plowing, in order that the ground may 
be thoroughly disintegrated by thé action of frost. 
Plant as early as the ground can be found in fair 
working condition; let it be well leveled, harrowed 
and rolled. Cut the potatoes to single eyes, com- 
mencing toward the butt; hold the tuber in the left 
hand, and with a sharp knife cut as large a piece of 
the tuber with each eye as their number will admit, 
drawing your knife toward the center of the butt; 
and turn the tuber in your hand as if you were 
sharpening a pencil. By this method the tubers 
are more equally divided, and the eyes of uniform 
size. ‘They should be allowed to dry two or three 
days after cutting. Should this not be convenient, 
let the sets be well rolled in plaster before planting, 
to absorb moisture. Plant in hills or drills, as you 
may prefer; mark out your ground as if for corn; 
if in hills, three feet apart each way; if in drills, © 
they should: be three feet apart and one foot in the 
drills. A single eye is sufficient in either case, 
though many prefer two eyes when planting in 
hills. By this method a great saving of seed is 


58 BUSHBERG CATALOGUE. 


effected, with equally satisfactory results. An acre 
of ground will require from one to one and a half 
barrels of seed, when cut and planted in this way. 
The sets should be covered about six inches, leaving 
the soil over them, if at all heavy, as open and loose 
as possible; if light, slightly press down the soil. 
Before planting, place in each hill a handful of 
the compost, prepared as follows: Take one cask 
of lime, and slake it with water, and then stir in 
one bushel of fine salt, and then mix in wood-ashes, 
so that it may not be too wet to handle. It will 
make about five barrels. When the tops are two or 
three inches above the ground, cultivate or hoe, 
drawing the soil carefully about them, In the case 
of early sorts which may be in danger of suffering 
from frost. the soil should be kept ridged up about 
the shoots as soon as they appear above the ground, 
keeping them nearly covered until four to six 
inches, and all danger of frost is past. Before 
earthing up, the ground should be well stirred 
between the rows with the cultivator, or, if in 
gardens, lightly forked so as to pulverize the soil. 
Keep the ground clear of weeds, if you wish for a 
good crop of potatoes. In digging, take advantage 
of the clear and dry weather—as soon as the tops 
are dead. Let them dry upon the barn-floor, and 
stow away in a cool, dry cellar. 


[From the American Agriculturist.] 


THE POTATO EXCITEMENT. 


When we read the accounts of the enormous 
prices paid for tulip bulbs in the seventeenth cen- 
tury, we think that the stories must be much 
exaggerated, or the people of that time must have 
been very foolish. The present excitement in regard 
to new potatoes, in a measure rivals that of the 
tulips; at least we thought so, when we were told 
that $50 each had been paid for a couple of tubers 
that we were inspecting. The late Mr. Goodrich 
began his experiments with unimproved stock from 
South America, and the Early Rose and other new 


sorts are derived from Mr. G.’s seedlings. Whoever 
produces a better potato than we already have is a 
public benefactor, and if he gives us one which will 
produce more to the acre, he adds largely to the 
wealth of the country. 


Early Rose. This is a seedling of the Garnet 
Chili, that was originated in Vermont, in 1861, by 
Alfred Breese, Esq., an intelligent amateur culti- 
vator. It has a stout, erect stalk, of medium 
height; large leaves, flowers freely; bears no balls. 
The tuber is quite smooth, nearly cylindrical, vary- 
ing to flattish at the center, tapering gradually 
toward each end. Eyes shallow, but sharp and 
strongly marked. Skin thin, tough, of a dull blush 
color. Flesh white, solid and brittle; rarely hol- 
low; boils through quickly; is very mealy, and of 
the best table quality. It is as healthy and pro- 
ductive as the Early Goodrich, matures about two 
or three weeks earlier, and is greatly its superior 
for the table. The cut is a good outline of this 
beautiful and excellent sort. 


Early Goodrich. A seedling of the Cuzco, 
raised in 1860 by the late Rev. C. E. Goodrich, of 
Utica, N. Y. Very early, large, roundish to long; 
skin white, nearly smooth; eyes large, smooth ; 
flesh white, fine-grained, perfectly sound, solid 
to the core; keeps well, and is highly produc- 
tive; a vigorous, healthy grower; yields on good 
soil, in favorable seasons, about 300 bushels per 
acre. 


Harrison. Raised from the same seed ball as 
the Early Goodrich; rather late; large, oblong; 
skin very smooth and white; eyes small and full; 
flesh white, fine-grained, sound and healthy; always 
solid at the heart, of very good quality; keeps 
well, and is enormously productive. A very vigor- 
ous, healthy grower; yield, on good rich soil, with 
proper culture and favorable seasons, 400 bushels 
to the acre. 


fee ECO, aoe 


—OF~ 


GRAPE VINKS, 


mM A TE, be Guess 


— AND— 


SEemD POTATORHS, 


For FALL of 1869 and SPRING of 1870. 


Grown and for Sale by 


IsIDOR BUSH & SON, 
BUSHBERC, JEFFERSON CO., MO. 


St. Louis Office, 315 Elm Street. 


Our Vineyards and Grape Nurseries are located on the banks of the Mississippi, and can be reached by the 
Iron Mountain Railroad in one and a half hours from St. Louis. We have superior facilities for prompt for- 
warding by Railroads, Steamboats, Express, or Mail, and will deliver all packages, free of charge for freight 


or cartage, at St. Louis. We especially invite purchasers to visit our Vineyards and Propagating Grounds. 


Our Stock embraces all the best and most approved sorts of Grapes for out-door cultivation; we desire to call 

special attention to our excellent NEW VARIETIES: the MARTHA, CYNTHIANA, HERMAN, 

GOETHE, WILDER, SALEM, and ARNOLD’S NEW HYBRIDS, also to our VERY LARGE and 
SUPERIOR STOCK OF 


CONCORD S, 


IVES, DELAWARE, HERBEMONT, HARTFORD, NORTONS, 
RULANDER, &c., &c. 


All our plants are warranted GENUINE, true to name, FIRST-CLASS Vines. Samples sent by mail on 


receipt of price at dozen rates. 


AGENTS or DEALERS wishing to contract for large quantities, &c., should apply early for TRADE LISTS, 
Conditions, and Special Rates. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 


NOTICE TO PURCHASERS. 


We usually commence packing in the Fall about the 15th of October, and in the Spring by 15th of 
March. For the South we pack and ship during mild weather in Winter, but recommend be shipment 
as preferable. 

Please order early. Orders are filled in rotation, as nearly as possible; slight delays are therefore some- 
times unavoidable. All orders, whether for single plants for the garden, or for thousands for the Vineyards, 
will receive prompt and careful attention. 

Parties ordering are requested to write their orders distinetly, apart from the remainder of the letter, 
with name of P. O., County and State on the Order, and to state explicitly the mode of conveyance by which 
they desire their plants forwarded and how they wish packages and invoices directed. When no route is 
designated, we forward to the best of our judgment We deliver goods free of cartage to the transportation 
lines in St. Louis, but from that point all Freight or Express charges are at the expense of the purchasers, 
and our responsibility ceases. In no case can we be held responsible for damage caused by carelessness 
or delay on the part of the forwarders; claims for losses by detention should be at once made on them. 

Small packages of Vines (up to 4 lbs.) can be sent safely and most economically By MaIL—a privilege 
not half appreciated as yet.—Where plants are ordered by mail, please send cash with the order, adding 25 
cents only for our expense of packing and postage. 

The Vines and other articles on the following list will be furnished at the annexed ,prices, only when the 
quantity specified is taken, except as follows: 6 Vines of one variety will be furnished at the dozen rate; 50 
or more at the 100 rate; 500 at the 1000 rate; but those rates do not apply when two or more varieties are in- 
cluded to make up the required number. 

As a rule no varieties are substituted by us for those ordered without express permission; when any of 
the kinds ordered cannot be furnished, the money for same is returned. 

Packing will be carefully done, in good style, for which a small charge will be made, sufficient only to 
cover the cost of material. 

Terms: CASH with order, or from known parties, to points where there is an Express agent, by Express 
C.0O.D. On orders to be shipped C. O. D. to parties unknown to us, a reasonable advance required. 

Bank Drafts or Checks, P. O. orders and the Express, are safe means of remitting money. Currency by 
mail at senders risk, though we do not know of an instance where it failed to reach us. 

The receipts of remittances are promptly acknowledged by us. 

We wish to hear from every purchaser and every lot sent out; if satisfactory, for our mutual gratification 
and benefit, if there be errors, that we may promptly correct them; as if is our aim to give entire satisfac- 
tion. Address 

ISIDOR BUSH & SON, 
BUSHBERG, MO. 


GRAPE “VINES. 


Those designated by a* are deserving of general cultivation in our latitude; those marked + promise well 
and should be planted in every good collection. Nrw and Rare varieties in italics. 

The signs © ( or @ prefixed to each variety, denote the color: © for white or green; ({} for red, amber, 
or brown; @ for black or blue grapes. 


ONE YEAR OLD NO. 1 VINES. Each. |Per Doz|Per 100. 


@ ADIRONDAC, .. : P : , : : saanlaee a0 | 400 | 25 00 
@ AGAWAM, (Rogers’ No. 15) : ‘ ; : g 2 -| 40] 400] 25 00 
© ALLEN’S HYBRID, . : ; : : : ‘ : | 40 | 400} 25 00 
@ ANNA, : : : ; : : ; , ; : -| 40] 400) 95 00 
MEMOM re  n e | 40 | 400) 25 00 
@ AMANDA, POR Alves Soin Qe Serra hi SAL NO NG EOD 


ARNOLD'S H YBRIDS. see Autuchon, Brant, Cornuco- | | 

prmmerte rmeiey TL BE er eat ee) ork eS 
AUGHWICK, : F = : g - (2.50). 15°00 
AUTUCHON (Arnold’s ery Bio, 5), : ; 4. | 2 00 | ! 
BARRY, (Rogers’ No. 43), . : : : : : Hwnjee 50 | 5.00 
BERKS (Lehigh), . ‘ é 7 ; . : 4 2| 20's )5 00 
BLACK HAWK, ‘ : : : 5 ; 5 - [1 50 | 15.00 
BLOOD’S BLACK, . : 4 : : : : : “| 60k S00 
BLUE DYER, : : ‘ : : ; : 50 | 500 
BRANT (Arnold’s Hybrid, Ain: 8), : : 5 " : .| 2 00 | 20 00 
CANADA (Arnold’s Hybrid, No. 16), . ’ : way thet ORO ai oO 
O} CASSADY, 2), +4 ikeeiy <4 faces EL ee > emMaO cine 
© CATAWBA, per 1000: $25,00, , : : A : ; 15 a LeoOne oOn00 
SAT EN CT OER eS ORCS ee eR Bigg 
Ob oN 2 Ma mR a a 50 | 500 


eeeeececoe 


BUSHBERG PRICE LIST. 1869—1870. Each. |Per Doz|Per 160. 
e* eee One Year No. 1: per 1,000 $30,00 . 15/150); 5 00 
Do. extra strong, 2 years: per 1,000, $40,00 . 20 | 200); 6 00 
@* CONCORD, per 1000: $35,00, ; 15/0) 1-504))7500 
Do. extra strong, per 1000: $50, 00. AD PIR O0 7 00 
@ CONQUEROR, ‘ : F ‘ 1 50 15 00 
C0 i a a | 
@ Chevetinc, . .. . & 40 | 4 00 | 25 00 
Do. extra strong, 50 | 5 00 | 30 00 
@ CORNUCOPLA, (Arnold’s Hybrid, No. 2), / 200 20 00 | 
e* CUNNINCHAM,  hokk: © 50 | 5 00 | 30 00 
@* CYNTHIANA, ; 2 00 18 00 |100 00 
@* DELAWARE, per 1,000: $120, 00. é 30 | 3 00 | 15 00 
Do. extra strong, per 1,000: $150,00 40} 4 00. 20 00 
@t DEVEREUX, : f : z ? -| 1 00 |10 00 
@ DIANA, ; 30 | 3 00 | 18 00 
@ DIANA HAMB URG, -| 1 50 15 00 
@ ELSINBURG, 40 | 4 00 
@t EFUMELAN F -, 3.00 |30 00 
@ ESSEX (Rogers’ No. 41), 50 | 5 00 
O* GOETHE, (Rogers’ No. 1), 40 | 4 00 | 25 00 
© GOLDEN CLINTON, 50 | 5 00 
®* HARTFORD A att per - 1,000: $100, 00 ‘ 25 | 2 50 | 12 00 
@t HERMAN, . ' | 2 00 |20 00 | 
®* HERBEMONT, per 1,000: 200, 00 40 | 4 00 | 25 00 
®@ HERBERT (Rogers No. 44), : 4 50 | 5 00 
@ AINE, ; 3 | 2 00 
e@ HUNTINGDON, 50 | 5 00 
@ IONA,. 40 +400) 90 00 
@ ISRAELLA, . 50 5 00 
@* IVES, per 1,000: $80,00 2D | 2.o0sb LOCO 
@ KATARKA, 75. \.7 00 
@ LENOIR, ; : 50 | 5 00 
@ LINDLEY (Rogers’ No.9) . 40 | 4 00 
@{t LOUISIANA, : 1 00 | 9 00 
© . LYDIA, : : : : : : - : 50 | 5 00 
O*? MARTHA, : . F ; : : ‘ 5 -| 1 50 |15 00 /100 00 
@ WARION, 100 9 00 
@ MARY ANN, : 25 | 2 50 
@ MASSASSOIT (Rogers’ No. 3), Z 40 | 4 00 
O* MAXATAWNEY, . 50 | 5 00 | 35 00 
@® MERRIMACK (ogee: No. 19), 40 | 4 00 
@ MILES, t 50 | 5 00 
MINER’S SEEDLING, see An acca 
OQ MONTGOMERY, : : 75°| 7 00 | 
@ MOTTLED, 50 | 5 00 
MOUNT LEBANON, f ‘ 2 00 
@* NORTON, or Norton’s Virginia, per 1 ‘000: $1 25 00 95 | 2 50 | 15 00 
@ NORTHERN MUSCADINE, ; F F 25 | 2 50 
@t NORTH CAROLINA, 35 | 3 50 | 20 00 
@® OTHELLO, (Arnold’s Hybrid, Ne: t), . 2 00 20 00 
©* PERKINS, ; p : 95; 2 50 | 15 00 
© REBECCA,. 30 | 3 00 
@ RENTZ, s : : 40 | 4 00 
@ REQ UA qe We: 98), ‘ ; y - 50. 5 00 
@ ROGERS’ HYBRIDS, vet uni Pasil. Mosse 2, 5, 8, 12, 36, 50 | 5 00 
@* RULANDER, or St. Genevieve, ; 40 400 30 00 
@ SALEM (beat s No. 53), 50 | 5 00 35 00 
Ot TAYLOR’S BULLIT, 2 years, ee 1 ,000: 360, 00 20 | 2 00 | 10 00 


6 


BUSHBERG PRICE LIST. 1869—1870. Each. |Per Doz|Per 100. 


@ TELEGRAPH, . 5 ; X ‘ 5 : : ‘ 50 | 5 00 | 30 00 
@ UNDERHILL’S SEEDLING,. P ; ‘ : : | 5015 00 
.@ UNION VILLAGE, : : 2 ; : ; 50 | 5 00 
@ VENANGO, or Miner’s Seedling, . : ; : : -| 301! 3.001 20 00 
@O+ WALTER, . } ; : : ; : : ; - | 200 |20 00 |125 00 
OQ WEEHAWKEN, ; : : i : : : ’ -| 2 00 20 00 
@* WILDER, (Roger’s No. 4) . ‘ 4 é : . ‘: 40 | 4 00 |-25 00 


oe. Bs — ain Lf 


STRAWBERRIES. 
. | | | 
‘Dor. 100. | 1000 Doz. 100. | 1000 
3 ee ors eon| | Feet = —|——-|— |= 
WILSON’S ALBANY .......-..-. J 8D 4.100) jh) 00 |) SUCUNDVAG oes mabey» - cose --| 50 | 2 00 | 15 00 
AGRIGUEEURUSDs2.e Aeiaeete o.- | 40 | 150 | MEXICAN EVERBEARING..... 200. | 
BOYDEN’S No. 30....-..-.---+-- 100) | NEC AN OR shoo7 ate ses venues tte eee 100 | 5 00 | 
CHAS. DOWNING ...:.2.:2-2..5-- | 100 5 00 NAPOLBON) Tle). 26-2060 3.00 | | 
DOWNER’S PROLIFIC......... | 30] 100 RUSSEL’S PROLIFIC........... | 40 | 1 50] | 
GOLDEN QUEEN.....0...000-0+- 50 2.00 15 00|| ROMYN’S SEEDLING........... 1.00 | 5 00 : 
GEEEN PROLIMEGG.<. 1. .1...... 50 | 2 00 TRIUMPH DE GAND............ 40 150) | 
Des Hes ee odors 450s | 30/100, 750|| PRESIDENT WILDER.... ......| 5 00 | 
RASPBERRIES. ; 
— 7 ~—1_ — See 
Each.| Doz.| 100. |\Each.)| Doz. 100 
| > 2 Sie eee es = Bh PVR | ede 
AM. IMPROVED BLACK CAP, | ARNOLD’S HYBRID RASPB... | / 
Or DOOLITTLE’S IMPR...... | 15|100|500|| 1. YELLOW CANADA.......... 100 | 10 00 
DAVISON’S THORNLESS....... | 30 | 300 |15 00| | 2. ARNOLD’S RED.............. | 1.00 | 10 00) 
MIAMI, BLACK,GAP.,..-:..... | 15/100] 400|| ANTWERP, HUDSON RIVER.., 15 | 100) 5 00 
CAMA WIS A ocuscs ee ey <2 s-- | 25 | 200 ANTWERP, YELLOW...........| 15 | 100) 500 
PHAM PHIAME Oe tet -..1.7) 807) 82007) 1R00 | eOlAIR KE ss.) ee oko eee | 30) 300 15 00 
Cle 67. | Cee [Pe 5r 1h005 | ag00 ||| SRRAINGONEA’. cog. tcerec-e-t a.) | els emOOls DEOD 
LUM’S EVERBEARING ........ | 50, 400 | MARVEL OF FOUR SEASONS..| 15} 100 5 00 
BiGys? ARUN. .5.0:/...05.053 | 1 00 |10 00 | ORANGE, BRINCKLE’S......... 15 | 100 500 7 
JEEET (S30) ue Rap ee dae aa 1.00 |10 00 | 
BLACKBERRIES. 
Each. Doz. 100. | Each. Doz. 100. 
LAWTON or NEW ROCHELLE... 15 100 300 ' WILSON’S EARLY........... see. BO 3.00 15 00 
LAO WW i ok ee 25° 2/00) 10 005 sWHITE CLUSTER... ....0.5-..0--25 100 10 00 
MISSOURI MAMMOTH............ 30 3.00 
CURRANTS. 
Each. Doz. 100. | Each. Doz. 100. 
ROPE RISING. tir SER 2 82 a caias cite Bi eic0 20° 00S RACK NAPLES: 2c... ome ue. 20 150 1000 
EDO UM CH eee lA.) Shee enc DOP TeNEO'; LOT OOM ERVIOMORTAS: 6. eee te nee 20 150 10 00 
THA VERGAMLGHSE.. $0... lewees - 2% 200 1200 | WHITE GRAPE...... ..001..... 23 200 1200 
GOOSEBERRIES. 
HOUGHTON’S SEEDLING........ 15 100 500 | MOUNTAIN SEEDLING.......... 35 3 00 


Poe TOMS POR SD: 


Wew Varieties. 


NOS) Rae 12h Pk. Bu. Bbl. 
PHS ASE RAD EMD secrete t= ila c\e(s 210 a/e\e ae o's 25c. 200 500 | EARLY GOODRICH ........ 50.150 3 00 


HARRISONE DAS Se eee dees hs . 60 175 3 50 


1S DEAE. 
Wo. 1 Grape Vines, carefully labeled, safely packed, post paid; 
For $10 we will send to any P. 0. address in the U.S. For $20 we will send to anyiP. 0. address in the U.'S. 


1 CYNTHIANA, 1 MARTHA, 1 DIANA Hamp’cG | 2 MartTHa, 2 CYNTHIANA, 2 MAXATAWNEY, 
1 CUNNINGHAM, 1 HERMAN, 1 WILDER, 2 CASSADY, 2 CREVELING, 2 RULANDER, 
1 EUMELAN, 1] MAXATAWNEY, | PERKINS, 2 CUNNINGHAM, 2 DELAWARE, 1 SALEM, 
1 GorrTHeE, oR: 1 Diana Hams'G 1 EUMELAN, 1 WILDER, 
’ es © 
2 GOETHE, 2 HERBEMONT, 1 WEEHAWKEN. 
2 CYNTHIANA, 2 MARTHA, 1 WILDER, 2 IONA 1 REBECCA 
2 GOETHE 1 RULANDER 2 ? 
|| 2 SALEM, 2 > . | 2N. Carourmna, 1 WALTER, 
a | WALTER, 1 N. CAROLINA, 


By the above arrangement, parties who desire to test some of our most valuable new Varieties, may be 
sure of getting them genuine, without trouble and at poinare ively small expense. If desired, some of the 
‘be left out and others of like price substituted. 


named Varieties may 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—ADVERTISEMENTS. 


A German Edition 
OUR ILLUSTRATED 


Descriptive Catalogue 
GRAPE VINES, 


SMALL FRUIT AND SEED POTATOES, 


Is now being published, and will be sent by mail, 
pre-paid, to all who apply enclosing 25 cents. 


pes Book Stores. Seed Stores, Nurseries and 
Agents supplied with either the English or German 
Edition at the following rates: 


10 copies for Amica $2 00 5) copies for......$ 8 00 
50 ~ dais sph AUO 100 PAs Th 47s bess kL 00 


Address 


ISIDOR BUSH & SON, 


BU SHBERG, MO. 


The Girape | Culturist. 


A NEW MONTHLY JOURNAL. 


DEVOTED EXCLUSIVELY 10 GRAPE CULTURE AND WINE MAKING. 


GEO. HUSMANN and CHAS. H. FRINGS, 
ASSOCIATE EDITORS, 
IS NOW PUBLISHED AT ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI. 


SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS. 
Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, Boston, Mass. 
’ C. 8. Bartholomew, Esq., Westfield, N. Y. 
Isidor Bush, Esq. , Bushberg, Mo. 
Geo. Eisenmeyer, Mascoutah, III. 
Sam. Miller, Bluffton, Mo. 
Col. John J. Worth, Richmond, Vas 
Hon. Fred. Muench, Femme Osage, Mo. 
M. H. Lewis, Sandusky, Ohio. 
Theod. Engelmann, Mascoutah, Tl. 
Terms—Single subscription, $2. 00 per year. 
Club Rates—The “ Grape Culturist’”’ and 
‘¢ Journal of Agriculture,” $3.00 per year. 
Address 
OFFICE GRAPE CULTURIST, 


St. Louts, Mo. 


Seeks tO BLS 


Journal of Agriculture, 


PUBLISHED WEEKLY, 


Edited by Dr. L. D. Morse and Wm. Porter. 


O 


The best paper published in the great Valley 
of the Mississippi for Farmers, Fruit Gr owers, 
Grape Growers, Wool Growers, Stock Growers, 
Manufacturers, Housekeepers, and all who are 
interested in the rural and industrial affairs of 
the country. 

It has gained a firm footing, a wide circula- 
tion, and an enviable reputation as a standard 
publication. 

It is printed in a neat form, suitable for bind- 
ing, on good paper, with many original illus- 
trations, at the very low price of 


Six Months, One Dollar 


t= Agents wanted to form Clubs in every 
neighborhood. Send for terms to agents and 
sample. Address 


R. P. STUDLEY & CO.., 
PUBLISHERS, 
221 North Main Street, _ST. LOUIS, MO. 


Two Dollars a Year: 


American Entomologist, 


EDITED BY 
BENJAMIN D. WALSH AND CHARLES V. RILEY, 
State Entomologists of Missourt and Illinois. 
0. 


This publication is of great practical value 
to Farmers, Gardeners, and Fruit Growers, and 
of interest to scientific men. It is 


PROFUSELY LL LOSTRATEHD, 


Gives descriptions and figures of new species, 
and the history and habits of noxious and bene- 
ficial insects. An extra copy sent free to any 
one sending us five names, with the money. 
Sample copies sent on application. 


Published Monthly, at Two Dollars a Year, by 
R. P. STUDLEY & CO,, 


221 North Main Street, ST. LOUIS, MO, 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—ADVERTISEMENTS. 


F. ROESLEIN 


BOOK STORE, 


NO. 22 SOUTH FOURTH ST., 


Near the Court House, ST. LOUIS, MO., 
Has a Large Stock of German Books, of his own Im- 
ortation, and now offers a Comp:ete List of NEW 
orks of all branches of Literature, in the best edi- 
tions, most of them Elegantly Buund. 


By his Regular Weekly Importations 


Every Order will be filled Promptly, at Shortest No- 
tice. Every variety of 


BLANK BOOKS & STATIONERY, 


Of Best Quality, always on hand. Also, 


Depot of the Celebrated Photographic Institu- 
tion of Bruckmann, at Munich, 


MAKING THIS 


The Largest Photographic Artistic 
Emporium in the West. 


x4 Catalogues of Books and Artistic Works 
GRATIS. Correspondence Solicited. 


‘C.G. THALMANN & CO., 
BOOK STORE, 


NO. 22 SOUTH SECOND STREET, 


SAINT LOUIS, 


Have added a large number of New and Valuable Books 
to their Stock, and now offer, among others, the 
folowing GERMAN WORKS on Hor- 
ticulture and Wine-Making: 


Gall, Dr. L.—The Gallizing, a Complete Hand-Book 
on Wine-Making. 

Hamm, Dr. W.—The Wine-Book. On the Culture 
and Treatment of Wines, with illustrations. 

Jullien, Dr. F.—Grape Culture and Wine-Making, 
with illustrations. 

Jauvray and Maumene,—The Manufacture of Arti- 
ficial Wines and Champagne. 

Bronner, J. Ph.—On Red Wines and their Proper 
Management. 

a H.—The Practical Vegetable Gardener, 2 
vols. 

Epon Dr. W.—Encyclopedia of Rural Economy, 5 
vols. 

Hamm, Dr. W .—Principles of Agriculture, 2 vols, 

Walkofi, L.—The Practical Manufacturer of Beet 
Sugar. 

Enderis, H.—The North American Farmer. 

Jaeger, H.—On Soils and Manures. 

gs On Fruit Culture. 
oe The Medicinal Garden. 

Loisel, M.—The Perfect Asparagus Grower. 

Dietrich—The Complete Gardener, 3 vols. 

Stephens, H.—Rural and Domestic Economy. 
Edited by Edward Schmidlin. d 


Frings, C. H.—Treatment of American Wines. 


FRARY, COWAN & KRATH, 


NO. 219 NORTH FIFTH STREET, 
SAINT LOUIS, 


WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 


Book Dealers, 


Keep constantly on hand a good assortment of 


AGRICULTURAL BOOKS, 
SCHOOL BOOKS, 
GENERAL MISCELLANY, 


AND ALL KINDS OF 


STATIONERY, 
STAPLE AND FANCY. 
FIELD CROQUET, PARLOR GAMES, &c. 


374, Orders promptly filled, and a cordial invita- 
tion extended to all to come and examine our Stock. 


FRARY, COWAN & KRATH. 


ee COLMA NGS 


RURAL WORE, 


A Weekly Agricultural Newspaper, 


Devoted to the interest of the 


Farmer, Stockbreeder, Fruit Grower, and 


GARDENER, 
With Special Departments for the 
HOME AND FIRESIDE. 


Containing in each number brief accounts of 
News, Condition of Crops, &c., and a carefully 
revised report of St. Louis and Chicago Mar- 
kets. 

Particular attention is called to the fact that 
the articles on Agriculture, Horticulture, Stock 
Raising, and Entomology, are written from a 
practical standpoint, as adapted to the stand- 
point of the States of the Mississippi Valley. 

The editors are supported by an able corps of 
practical correspondents. 

Published by 

NORMAN J. COLMAN, 
612 N. Fifth St., St. Louis. 
PRICE $2.00 PER YEAR (IN ADVANCE). 
ice Sample Copies sent without charge. £2) 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—ADVERTISEMENTS. 


GERMAN 


Mutual Life Insurance Co. 


ST. LOUIS, MO. 


Deutsche Gegenseitige 
Hebens Wersichernngs Gesellschatt. 


Office: 112 Market Street. 
Organized and Incorporated by Special Charter 


1857. 


One of the OLDEST and BEST Life In- 
surance Companies in the West. 


All Policies Participate in the Profits. 
Cash Dividends Annually. 
(40 per cent. Declared and Paid in 1868, and again 
in 1869.) 


This} is an Old, Well-Established HOME INSTITUTION, 
is Conducted on 


The Cash Plan, 


The Safest, the Cheapest, the True System, 
CONSEQUENTLY, 
Lower Premiums, No Notes Re- 
quired, No interest to Pay, 
No Deductions Made. 


The GERMAN MUTUALis PURELY MUTUAL 
in its operations. It has an ample Cash Reserve 
Fund, invested in the best securities. 

This Company offers to New Members the accu- 
mulated advantages secured by twelve years’ expe- 
rience, of gradual but successful progress, and of a 
most economical management. 


BOARD OF DIRECTORS. 


F. S. BEHRENS ADOLPH KEHR, 

F. W. BIEBINGER, AUGUST KRIECKHAUS, 
ISIDOR BUSH, ARTHUR OLSHAUSEN, 
GEO. GEHRKE, THEO. PLATE, 

KMIL GESSLER, C. A. STIFEL, 

B. HOFFMANN, CASP. STOLLE, 

CHAS. HOPPE. JAS. TAUSSIG, 

CHAS. W. HORN: C..TLH. UBRLMANN. 


CHAS. W. HORN, President. 
ARTHUR OLSHAUSEN, Vice President. 
ISIDOR BUSH, Actuary. 

F. S. BEHRENS, Secretary & Treasurer. 
Dr. CARL HAUCK, ) Medical Examiners, 
Dr. WM. FRITZ, § St. Louis. 

JOHN C. A. FISHER, 


Gen’l Agent for St. Louis. 


For Agencies or Insurance, apply to 
F. 5S. BEHRENS, Secretary. 


-] 


| 


GERMAN FARMERS 


GAZETTE, 


Published on the Ist and 15th of each month 


15 Dey Street (Post Box 4001), 


NEW YORK, 


16 READ BY THE GERMAN FARMERS ALL 
over the United States. 

The Farmers’ Zeitung treats of all subjects con- 
nected with practical farming in America, and, at 
the same time, furnishes such a record of current 


' events, and such matter of general interest to the 


farmer’s family as shall make it acceptable where 


| only a single paper can be afforded. 


PRICE: $250 Per Annum. 


yeas> Subscribers for 1870 will receive the last 
quarter of 1869 gratis if they subscribe before 
November 1. 

Sample numbers will be sent on application. 


Published and for Sale 


CONRAD WITTER, 


ST. LOUIS, MO. 


MUENCH, FREDERICK. School for American Grape Cul- 
ture. Briet but thorough guide to the laying out of 
vineyards, the treatment of Vines and the produc- 
tion of wine in North America. 

Muencn, F., Amerikanische Weinebauschule und Wein- 
bercitungslehre, ete. 

Hither one of these books will be mailed free of post- 
age on receipt of one dollar. 

Frinas, Cos. H., Die Behandlung der Amerikanischen 
Weine, die Krankheiten Derselben und-Deren Hei- 
lung, eine Praktische, Lerchtverstandliche Anlei- 
tung Junge Weine in Kurzester Zeit ohne Kelle- 
renirichtung Glanzhell und Flaschenreif zu Machen. 
50 cents. : 

On receipt of 50 cents this book will be mailed to any 
address. 

HUSMANN, GEORGE, The Cultivation of the Native Grape 
and Manufacture of American Wines. 

On receipt of $1.50 this book will be mailed to any 
address. 


| ScHMIDT, J. A., The Diseases of Wine, how to prevent 


and how to cure them, according to the doctrines of 
M. Pasteur. 
This book will be sent free of postage on receipt of $2. 


C. WITTER keeps a large assortment of books 
treating of the Culture of Grapes and Manufacture of 
Wines. 

Catalogues sent on application. 

Please address letters 


CONRAD WITTER, 
122 S.E. cor. Walnut and Second Sts., 
St. Louis, Mo. 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—ADVERTISEMENTS. 


ALBERT FISCHER, — 
HAT, CAP and FUR 


MANUFACTURER. 


THE ABOVE GOODS WILL BE SOLD AT THE 


LOWEST PRICHS, 


—AND— 


EVERY ARTICLE WARRANTED 


Ladies’ Furs neatly repaired and altered 


—AT THE— 


Laclede Hat, Gap and Fur 
fst 4 Be = Gp 8 S28 Oy We a 
Northwest cor. Fifth and Chestnut Sts., 


ST. LOUIS, MO. 
TO GRAPE GR GROWERS. 


Wine Makers will find a . will find a full assortment of 


WINE AND MUST SCALES, 


Of German and French Manufacture, 
SSS 


bE peices OG oie) 
Optical and Mathematical Instrument 
ESTABLISHMENT, 
No. 206 North Fourth Street, St. Louis. 


Thermometers of all kinds for Hot Beds, Wine Cel- 
lars, Graperies, &e. _Send for Catalogue. 


CHS. TAUSSIG J. H. LIVINGSTON. MORRIS TAUSSIG-: 


TAUSSIG, LIVINGSTON & CO., 


AND DEALERS IN 


Wool, Cotton, Hides, Furs, &c., 


Nos. 5 and 18 8S. MAIN ST., ST. LOUIS, MO. 
LIBERAL ADVANCES MADE ON CONSIGNMENTS. 
Agents for Bradley’s and others? Woolen Factories 

Franklin Cotton Works, Atlantic Cotton Mills. 1 

ON HAND AT WHOLESALE ONLY 

Bradley’s Real Kentucky Jeans, 

Rob BRoys, Linseys, Woolen Yarns, &c. 
Franklin and Atlantic Cotton Yarns. 


| - 
CAPITAL PAIDIN, - 2) ae 


$150,000 


Traders’ Bank 


COR. MAIN AND PINE STS., 
ST. LOWIS, MO. 


WM. TAUSSIG, Pres. H. H. WERNSE, Cash, 


GENERAL BANKING 


—AND— 


EXCHANGE BUSINESS, 


U.S. and other Securities of every description 
BOUGHT AND SOLD, 


Exchange on all the principal Cities in Europe 
FOR SALE IN SUMS TO SUIT, 
Collections made on all accessible points, 
INTEREST ALLOWED 


ON TIME DEPOSITS, 
COMMERCIAL PAPER DISCOUNTED. 


JOSIAH FOGG. JOHN H. SPARR. 


PLANTERS HOUSE, 


FOGG & SPARR, 


1? is, OP REE OURS 


Corner Fourth and Chestnut Sts., 


ST. LOUIS, MO. 


Bluffton Wine Company 
General Commission Merchants 


Missouri Wines. 
Vineyards at Bluffton, Montgomery Co., Mo., 
OFFICE AND CELLARS: 


22 and 24 S. Main St., ST. LOUIS, MO. 
— 1 ) —--—— 

GEO: EUSIWIAUNING.. 3 Sirota ek aio. ieee President 

ED SBE OSWia es: Ah Pe ae OE Vice President 

TSEDOR CBD SH. 382 00 eee ye a naa wee Be Treasure? 


WM. WESSELHOFT. Secretary. 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—ADVERTISEMENTS. 


“Plant Bro’s, Pratt & Co. 


MANUFACTURERS OF 


PEORIA STEEL PLOWS, 


PLOW WORKS, 
PEORIA, ILLINOIS. 


OW ‘ALIO SVSNVH 
‘TSNOH HONVUE 


AND DEALERS IN 


FARM MACHINERY, 


Nos. 116 and 118 S. MAIN ST., Sign of Gilt Plow. 
SEED STOR Ei, 


209 N. Third St., opposite Post Office, 


TOBIAS WEIGOLD, 


C3 OC) C). Ee ay: 


1618 JACKSON STREET, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 


Offers his services to Wine Dealers as manufacturer of 
ALL KINDS OF CASKS, 
FERMENTING VATS, 


—AND— 
CELLAR APPARATUS. 


HE GUARANTEES 
Satisfactory Work 
—AND— 


pes LOWEST PRICKES. “34 


Refers to some of the principal Wine Dealers in the 
State of Missouri, for whom he has made 


_CASKS AND VATS 


for a number of years, and especially to the Bluffton 
Wine Company, No. 22 South Main street, where 


CASKS AND VATS OF HIS MANUFACTURE 


Can be seen by those interested in the business, 


ST. LOUIS, MO. 


BOTTOM RATES 
ON A NO. 1 


Grape Vines 


FIVE ACRES IN PROPAGATING BEDS, 
VARIETIES CHIEFLY 
Concord, Ives, Iona, Clinton, Hartford 
and Rogers’ Nos. 
(ce Retail and Trade List free to applicants. 


A Descriptive aud Tlustrated Catalogue, 


READY IN SEPTEMBER, 
PRICE 10 Cents. TO PATRONS GRATIS. 
GRAPE WOOD 
In Canes and Cuttings, 
PACKING CAREFULLY DONE, WITH ABUN- 
DANT MOSS. 
EARLY ROSE IN QUANTITY. 


Correspondence solicited. Address, 


M. H. LEWIS, 
Sandusky, Ohio, 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—ADVERTISEMENTS. 


LANDS FOR SALE CHEAP! 


AND ON FAVORABLE TERMS, 


Im Jefferson County, Missouri. 


= o> © 


320 Acres in Section 4, Township 41, Range 5, East, EXCELLENT FRUIT 
LAND, Near Pevely, on the I. M. R. R., 27 Miles only from St. Louis. 


This land is heavily timbered with White Oak, Hickory, and Black Oak, is very high, affording a view be- 
yond the Mississippi river into Illinois; the location is very healthy, excellent for Pear Orchards, Vineyards and 
Stock Farming, having plenty of springs all around. One of the best Dairies is nearly adjoining this Land. The 
timber alone, under good management, will pay for the Land and cost of clearing. About fifteen acres have 
already been cultivated. Price $3,500—one-third cash, one-third in one and two years, with six per cent. 
interest. In smaller tracts, to suit purchasers, at from $12 to $15 per acre. A rare bargain. 


160 Acres (in Section 8, Township 4, Range 5), 


Mostly good upland, well timbered, only one-half mile from Hematite Station, on the Iron Mountain Railroad, 
thirty-six miles from St. Louis. Price $10 per acre, one-half cash, balance on long time, if desired, at eight per 
cent. interest per annum. 


80 Acres (in Section 36, Township 42, Range 5, East), 


Very fine Fruit Land, two miles from Sulphur Springs, on the Iron2Mountain Railroad, only twenty-three miles 
from St. Louis, and adjoining the fine old residence and Cedar Grove of Mr. O’Fallon. Also, 47 ACRES IN 
SAME SECTION (thirty-six), all heavily timbered. 


53 Acres (in.Section 25, Township 42, Range 5), 


Adjoining the former tracts. About fifteen acres are cultivated, and two cabins for workmen are on the place. 

This land must become very valuable from its proximity to the celebrated Springs and to the city of St. Louis, 
the advantages of a good, rich neighborhood, and easy communication by Railroad and River. Land within ONE 
MILE of the above has been lately sold at $150 per acre. The above is offered at $40 per acre. and on easy 
terms. 


200 Acres (in Section 34, Township 39, Range 4), 
Three miles south of Vineland (or Tunnel Station), on the Iron Mountain Railroad, forty-eight miles from St. 


Louis, in the centre of a rich mineral region, with plenty of timber and good springs. $10 only per acre, in 
tracts to suit. 


80 Acres (West Half of S. E. Quarter of Sec. 4, Town. 39, R. 4), 


About two miles from De Soto, on the Iron Mountain Railroad, at $12 per acre. 


40 ACRES CHOICE FRUIT LAND, 


Adjoining the BUSHBERG VINEYARDS AND ORCHARDS, only one anda half hour’s ride (25 miles) from 
St. Louis, and half a mile from Station, containing nearly six (6) acres in vineyard of best varieties—Concord, 
Ives, Creveling, Herbemont, Norton’s Virginia, Goethe, &c. Four acres will be in bearing next season, besides 
ten acres in cultivation, just newly fenced, partly planted with young Apple Trees. A good two-story Frame 
Dwelling House and Cistern form part of the improvements. Price $4,500. Terms easy. 


Also, 40 Acres, being the North Quarter of the Bushberg Tract, 


And fronting both the Mississippi river and Iron Mountain Railroad. This small tract embraces the highest 
Limestone Bluff, with splendid building site, commanding a beautiful view for many miles up and down stream, 
and is especially adapted to make a fine summer residence. It contains also avery fine orchard of Apples and 
Peaches, best varieties, nearly all in hearing, a never-failing Spring, and a soil and aspect unexcelled tor Vine- 
yards, Price $5,000, 


FOR PARTICULARS AND TERMS, APPLY TO 


ISIDOR BUSH, 


315 ELM STREET, ST. LOUIS, 
Or BUSHBERG. 


\ 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—ADVERTISEMENTS. 


WM. BORN IG c& CoO., 
Office and Salesrooms No. 207 North Second Street, near Pine, ? 
Warehouse No. 608 South Sixth Street, near Poplar Street, ) Sv, LOUIS, MO, 


WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 


Standard Farm Machinery, Field and Garden Seeds. 


= lustrated and Descriptive Circulars of Seeds and Farming Implements mailed Free of 
postage to all who may favor us with their address. 


GARDEN SHEDS. 


As the Western Depot of Landreth’s Warranted Garden Seeds, we have been familiarly 
known to the Seed Trade of the Western States and Territories for the past twelve years. 

It has been our constant aim ever since we established this business to supply the public with 
seeds grown from selected stock, in every instance fresh, pure, and reliable. 

To those not already habitual purchasers of our Seeds, we would invite them to make one 
season’s trial, and they will be so convinced of their quality as ever afterwards to use our Seeds 
to the exclusion of all others. 

It should be borne in mind that there is no Seed of any kind which leaves our house but what 
has been fully tested beforehand. The purchaser can, therefore, rely on having a pure article. 

They speak their own praise wherever planted. 


DEATLHRS IN SHEDS, 

Whether Country Merchants, Booksellers, Druggists, or regular Seedsmen, not already our cus- 
tomers, are invited to become such. 

MAREK EBT GARDEN HRS, 
To whom Seeds of undoubted worth are of vital importance, and private families, who aim to 
raise vegetables of high quality only, and who reside remotely from here, can be supplied direct 
by mail or express. To insure prompt attention, a remittance or satisfactory reference should 
accompany the order. 

FARMING IMPLEMENTS. 


In the line of Farming Implements, we pride ourselves in having the best collection of  first- 
class machines in the country. 

There is not an implement in our stock but what has the reputation of being the standard of 
its kind, and we recommend and guarantee them as such. We take hold of no new and untried 
experiments, but are always on the look out for such as tend to promote and advance the interests 
of the husbandman, and lighten his labor. Of such we may mention: 

The well-known Buckeye Reapers and Mowers, which have been so improved and simplified 
as to leave no known want in the minds of the farmers, and is, we can assure them, all that can 
be desired. 

Our Deere’s Genuine Moline Plows, for excellence of shape and thorough scouring qualities, 
are second to none manufactured. Our Brown’s Corn Planter is the acknowledged standard 
everywhere. Our McSherry Grain Drill is the simplest and most perfect force feed drill now 
made, and so through our entire list. We might say the same for our Dickey’s Fans and Separa- 
tors, Taylor’s Sulky Rakes, Propeller Cutting Boxes, Champion Cider and Wine Mills and Presses, 
and implements in general. 

Our Circulars and Descriptive Catalogues will be mailed free of postage to all applicants. 

We will be happy at any time to promptly answer any information that may be desired in 
regard to our implements. In fact, if you.are in want of anything in the line of Agricultural 
Implements, Farm and Garden Seeds, it will be to your interest to give us a call, or let us hear 


from you. Respectfully, 
WM. KOENIG & CO., St. Louis, Mo. 


[ESTABLISHED 1849.] 


GRAVOIS NURSERY, 


Corner Gravois Road and King’s Highway, St. Louis, Missouri, 
HENRY MICHEL, Propricter. Sole Depct, 207 North Second St, 


IMPORTED FLOWER BULBS. 
Tulips, Hyacinths, Crocus, Narcissus, Lillies, Gladiolus, Crown Imperials, &c., &c. 
GREENHOUSE AND BEDDING PLANTS. 

Geraniums, Heliotrope, Calla, Euphorbia, Salvias, Oleander, Petunias, Verbenas, Magnolias, 
Ficus, Fuchsias, Roses, Vines, and Creepers in great variety. Also, Evergreens, Ornamental 
Shrubs, and Small Fruits, such as Currants, Blackberries, Gooseberries, Raspberries, Strawberrics. 

Of the above, I have a very large stock on hand, which I will sell at wholesale and retail at 
very low rates, Persons wanting anything in my line will please send their address for Catalogues 
to HENRY MICHEL, 207 North Second Street, St, Louis, Mo, 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—ADVERTISEMENTS. 


A. SCHWARZOTT & C0. | HE XAWER’S| 


Pe ONG | 
Commission Merchants rkone wie 


922 NORTH THIRD STREET, The Best Labo: Saving Implement 


EVER INVENTED. 
SAINT LOUIS, MO. 


Hoe, Rake, Cultivator and Potato Digger 
Combined. 


Liberal Cash Advances on Consignments. 


Each Hoe is labelled with our Trade-Mark, 


Particular Attention Given to . **HEXAMER’S PRONG HOE,” 
And all tools not so marked are imitations intended to 
A deceive the purchaser. Circulars sent on application. 
CONSIGNED TO US ON COMMISSION. Price, $1.50 each; $15 per doz. 
, . *s ] y 7) VO t { SS. 
All Orders filled with Promptness Address, REISSIG & HEXAMER, 
“REFER TO— New Castle, Westchester Co., N- Y. 
Traders’ Bank, St. Louis; U. 8. Savings Institution, 
St. Louis; Isidor Bush & Son, Bushberg, Mo.; Col. rS=-We have tried it, and consider it one of the most 
A. Bainbridge, De Soto, Mo.; Obermeyer & valuable Vineyard Implements, of which we:keep always a 
Bro., Jefferson City; Mo.; Geo. Hus- small supply on hand: 
mann, Hermann, Mo. . | I. BUSH & SON, Bushberg, Mo. 
Cc. COLBY. F. W. EDMUNDS. F. E. PEEBLES 


South Pass Fruit Box Manutitctoby 


Cc. COLBY & eee Proprietors, 


south Pas - = - - T11linois. 


eo 


The well known Halleck, the Octagon, and the new Patent Tuck-quart berry boxes, 
Crates. Peach, Grape, and Vegetable Boxes, of all kinds, at the Lowest Price. 
Te Orders, accompanied by the Cash, will receive Prompt Attention. Correspondence Solicited. 


EEG SWEET POTATO PLANTS 


DURING TRANSPLANTING SEASON. ALSO, 


SEED SWEET POTATOES. 


PRICE OF PLANTS 
500 Plants, $2.25; | 1,000 Plants, $4.00; 
10,000 Plants for $30.00; 


SENT SAFELY BY EXPRESS LONG DISTANCES. ADDRESS, 


WM. H. POOR & BRO., 


Or, I. BUSH & SON, St. Louis. ' Bushberg, Jeff. Co., Mo. 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—ADVERTISEMENTS. 


M.D. HELTZELL & Co., — 
COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 


MANUFACTURERS’ AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF 
LAND PLASTER, 
Raw Bone, Superphosphate of Lime and Bone Dust: 
DEALERS IN 
Lime, Cement, Plaster Paris, Hair, White Sand, 
MARBLE DUST, FIRE BRICK, 
SEWER AND DRAIN PIPE, &c. 


LIBERAL CASH ADVANCES MADE ON CONSIGNMENTS OF PRODUCE, TOBACCO, &c. 


Raw Bone, Superphosphate of Lime, 
—AND— 
CONE ODUwYSs Te, 
Lhe Standard Manures for all Field and Garden Crops. 
THEY MATURE VEGETATION MUCH EARLIER, 
And Greatly Increase the Yield, and are adapted 
To all Soils requiring an Active and Permanent Fertilizer, 


ESPECIALLY RECOMMENDED TO THE GROWERS OF 


TOBACCO, SORGHUM, WHEAT, RYE, OATS, GRASS, POTATOES, CORN, TUR- 
NIPS, GARDEN VEGETABLES, AND EVERY CROP AND PLANT. 


RAW BONE PHOSPHATE is no longer anew thing to the agricultural community. It is no longer an experi- 
ment, as it has been introduced into nearly every State in the Union, and wherever used the past season, the 
result has been most ample and satisfactory. Each succeeding year renders its use more and more a matter of 
necessity, because its elements are necessary to the production of every crop known to agriculturists, and its use 
by almost every Planter and Farmer is only a question of time and experiment. To those who have used our 
fertilizers, it is unnecessary to say anything in its behalf, but to those who have never done so, we would say that 
a trial of it is all we ask alongside of any article in the market, not excepting Peruvian Guano. 

Further information will be given, and pamphlets sent gratis, upon application to 


M. D. HELTZELL & CO., 807 N. Second St., St. Louis. 


BUSHBERG CATALOGUE—ADVERTISEMENTS. 


Empire Wire Works 


Oo 


Oo. P. SAYLOR & CO., 
Nos. 116 and 118 Market Street, St. Louis, 


MANUFACTURERS OF 


Brass and lron Wire, Cloth Sieves, Riddles, 


COAL AND SAND SCREENS, 


Wire Cloth for Threshing Machines. Fanning 
Mills, Mill Screens, Bran Dusters, Skylight and 
Cellar Windows, Kitchen Safes, Brass, Iron and | 
Copper Wire of all Sizes, Nursery Fenders, Fire 
Guards, Wire Window Shades, and Bird Cages 
of every variety. Also, 


GRAPE TRELLIS & FENCE WIRE 


Of all sizes and of best quality, at the lowest 


market rates. 


I@ Plain and Ornamental Wire Work, of 
every description, made to order. 


A. S. MERMOD Db C. JACCARD. CG F. MATHEY. 


D. C. JaccarD & Co. 


DEALERS AND IMPORTERS OF 


CLOCKS, 
WATCHES, 


Pramonps, JEWELRY, 


SILVER& PLATED WARE 


Nos. 401 AND 403 N. FOURTH ST., 


(Corner of Locust Street), 


UNDER Opp FELitows’ Hatt. Sis eOLs. 
-§ 


WATCHES, JEWELRY, AND MUSICAL 


BOXES REPAIRED. l 


St. Louis P ‘Potteries. 
PIPE, TILE & PAINT WORKS. 


PREMIUM PIPE OF ALL SIZES AND SHAPES MADE. 


H. M. THOMPSON & CO., 


OFFICE, 417 LOCUST STREET, 


Factory, corner 16th St. and Pacific Railroad, 


OLDEST PIPE MANUFACTURERS IN 


ST. LOUIS. 


Dealers in Sewer Pipe, Drain Tile, Patent Chimney 


Flues and Chimnies, Ventilating Flues, 


White Brick, 


Fire Brick, Cement, Fire Clay, White Sand, Chimney 


Tops, 
Brow 


Porcelain Stoves, Lead Pots, Hollow Ware, 


n Paint, &e. 


DRAIN TILE FOR DRAINING LANDS. 


FLUE LININGS. 


Made in sections 2 
to3 feetlong. For 
lining Chimnies and 
Hot Air Ducts 


FOR “PRAIRIE HOMES,”’ 
MADE WITH SOCKETS. 
Openings for stove pipes and fire places 
extra. 
(c= These Chimneys are intended for 
country houses, to be used without bricks 
or mortar. 


THOMPSON’S PATENT 
Ventilating Flues, 
Hot Air Flues, 
Cold Air Flues, &c., 
Of any sizes or shapes, made to order. 


i@TRY THEM! s) 
Chimney Tops, 


Architectural Work, Window Caps and Sills, Ridge 
Tile, Brackets, Cornices and Designs made to order. 


THOMPSON’S BROWN PAINT. 


Painters pronounce it the best Paint ever made for 


painting metals, &¢. Don’t peel off. Cheap and durable. 


Cheltenham Fire Clay, White Sand, &c. 


A liberal discount made to the trade. 
panied with cash promptly filled and solicited. 


(P. O. Box 3459.) 


Orders accom- 


H. MW. THOMPSON & CO. 


WHERE YOU RECEIVE 


| WOULD YOU SAVE MONEY? 
BUY YOUR CLOTHING 


The Best Made Garments for the Least Money ! 


AT THE RELIABLE 


ia 3 


CLOTHING + HOUSE! 


COR. FOURTH AND CHESTNUT STREETS, 


SAINZ LOU@LS. evtO-., 


WHERE 


The One Price Frinciple is Strictly Adhered to! 


WHERE 


OUR STOCK 


Is unrivaled for extent and 

variety and general adaptation 

to the wants of our patrons, 

and will be found replete with 
| the most approved styles and 
| novelties in 


Desirable aad well made 


CLOTHING 


| MEN, 
BOYS, 
YOUTHS, 5 Years Old 
een CAN BUY 
CHILDREN! 
CHEAP = 


SG At S25 


“UR FACILITIES 


Are such as to enable us to / 
unde*sell all competitors. and | 
we are determined to mark all 
our Goods | 


SO LOW 


As to make it to the interest of 
BEVERY ONE 
“n and around St. Louis, 
TO PURCHASE 


AT 


OUR HOUSE!! | 


| The Selling Price is Marked in Plain Figures | 


| 
| OI, Savi Ee Ss APC E E:- 


a 


Law, Medical, School, Miscellaneous, 


— AND — 


AGRICULTURAL BOOKS. 


~END FOR ANYTHING YOU NEED IN THE 
BOOK LINE, and you will get it by return mai's 


SUBSCRIPTION RECEIVED TO ALL 
Newspapers and Magazines 
At Office Rates. 


Fe 
Mis oDigiov® 


FOURTH ST. 


BAB COoOckK’s 


N Fw; 


Fire Extinguisher 


One Hundred Fires 


FACTORIES, MILLS 


Hotels, Theatres, 
PRIVATE DWELLINGS, 


Steamboats, &c.. 


Arreste { and put out by the 


FIRE EXTINGUISHER 


Over 500 Buildings have been saved, 
With Property amounting to 
MILLIONS OF DOLLARS. 


PRICES. 
IRON, $50.00. COPPER, $55 00. 


> 


CREAT WESTERN 
Fire Extinguisher Company, 
525 Washington Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 


OFFICERS: 
AG ADE 2) 9 (25 2 MOU MOUs, od Cea eg nies eID ce President. 
LOGAN D. D: \MERON, Mica eins cot ek Vice-President. 
Fle ea POSS ONT! © ares eek eo So at el Secretary 
Ue Pg G12 7G ORS ie Ya NA oe ey ae Treasurer 
DIRECTORS: 
E. G. OBEAR, ' S$. M. EDGELL. 
E. D. JONES, T. A. BUCKLAND, 
| Capt. J. 8. McCUNE. LOGAN D. DAMERON, 
| PADS OE. DAVIS, BENJ. LYNDS, 
1, ibs W. JACOBS Capt. E. W. GOULD, 
H. B LOSSOM, Gen. C. B FISK. 


JNO. COLLETT, 


Gen’l Agent. 


LIBRARY OF CONGRESS \ 


“WM 


FAIRBANKS" 


STANDARD 


OF ALL KINDS. 


— ALSO — 


Baggage Barrows, Warehouse Trucks, 
LETTER PRESSES, &C. 


Fairbanks, Greenleaf & Co., | 


209 Market Street, 
s'T. Ino urs. 


EXCELLENCY! mveieceagactibi ae SIMPLICITY! | 


THE CELEBRATED 


i 


Mn coo a 


iM 


i 
Ay 


Tol aN 


Home Washing Machine. 


| WARRANTED 
THE BEST WASHER EXTANT. 


Look at what this wonderful Machine 
will do. 


% fel WASHES without wearing the clothes; no rubbing, no 
riction. 

IT WASHES from 1 to 100 articles in one niinute. 

IT WASHES the finest lace rere collars and sleeves, 
etc., without the slightest inju 

IT WASHE ES the heaviest aaaits and blankets perfectly. 

IT WASHES without boiling 

IT WASHES whiter and piaesier than by any other process. 

IT WASHES with great ease to the operator, either sitting 


or standin 
BE WORKED by man, woman or child, doing the 


ia Bi cas eke Ss BESS oy os 
ee) ret ee or) 


ITCAN 
whole washing without wetting or injuring their clothes. 

IT CAN BE WORKED on a carpeted parlor, without 
wetting or injuring the carpet. 


It Reduces a Washing Day to One Hour. 


HOME MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 


SAM’. CUPPLES,Pres’t. JOS. B. WELDE, Sec’y. 
S18 V. Fourth Street, and §2i Broadway, 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 


mo 
¥ ae Ss