s
University of California Berkeley
THE
ILLUSTRATED HAND-BOOK,
A
Jfou) nitre for rat)elers
THROUGH THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
CONTAINING A
DESCRIPTION OF THE STATES, CITIES, TOWNS, VILLAGES, WATERING
PLACES, COLLEGES, ETC., ETC. ; WITH THE RAILROAD, STAGE,
AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, THE DISTANCES FROM PLACE
TO PLACE, AND THE FARES ON THE GREAT
TRAVELING ROUTES.
Hmbellfo&etr toftf) 125 Wtfbly> ffnfsfjeti Hitfltatofnsa.
ACCOMPANIED BY
A LARGE AND ACCURATE MAP.
BY if CALVIN SMITH.
NEW YORK:
PUBLISHED BY SHERMAN & SMITH,
122 BROADWAY, COR. CEDAR-STREET,
1847.
A '
To PUBLISHERS. The proprietors of this work, having been
at great expense in collecting the matter contained in this volume,
which is mostly original, would respectfully remind persons
who are getting up similar publications, that the copyright has
been regularly secured according to the Act of the United States
Congress.
To BOOKSELLERS AND DEALERS. Any person or persons selling
copies of a work which is an infringement of an existing copy-
right, are liable to a fine on each copy sold by them.
This work will be revised twice yearly, and all the latest infor-
mation, relating to the railroads, stage-routes, &c., inserted.
SHERMAN & SMITH.
#3" ForJTable of foreign coins, and the value of American coins
in English, French, and German currency, see page 234.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1846, by
SHERMAN & SMITH,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern
District of New York.
PECK & STAFFORD, Printers,
New Karen, Conn.
3-7
.
Bancroft Library
PREFACE.
IN presenting to the public a work like the present, it is ex-
pected that the compiler should give some account of the grounds
on which he rests his claim to attention. The materials for this
little volume have mostly been drawn from official documents and
from information procured by agents who have travelled over
most of the territory herein described, and it will hence be found
as perfect as it is possible for a work of this character to be made.
The illustrations, which are mostly original, or have been carefully
selected from the most faithful representations, are engraved
in the best style by eminent artists, and will bear comparison
with the most finished specimens of the art. They exhibit views
of the most remarkable natural scenery, cities, colleges, fcc.
These engravings will be found of great utility, conveying as
they do a far better idea of the objects than could be derived
from the most labored description. The directions for Travellers,
printed in italics, and following the description of each place,
will prove very useful, especially the time of arrival and de-
parture of cars, steamboats, and stages at and from each place ;
these, with the prices of fare, have been arranged with the greatest
care, and may be relied upon for their accuracy. The Railroads,
with the Depots, and the distances between them, are shown in
the Tables of Routes, and will also be found, together with all the
Steamboat and Stage Routes, accurately delineated on the ac-
companying Map. Great labor has been bestowed in collating
and adjusting, in the most minute manner, on the Map, a larger
amount of correct information than can be found iu any similar
work, in so condensed a form.
RAILROADS.
By referring to the number of route in the body of the work, from the
last column of this table, the length of the road in operation may be found,
with the name of each depot and the distances between. Those Rail-
roads not having a reference are not in operation in any portion.
Names of Railroads.
State.
From
To
Ms. No. of
ong Route.
Albany&W. Stockbridge N. Y.
Greenbush
Mass. S. Line
38i 52,144
Alabama, Florida &- Geo.
Flor.
Pensacola
Montgomery, Ala.
56 r
Alexandria &. Cheneyv.
La.
Alexandria
CheneVille
30" Trans*
Annapolis &, Elk Ridge
Athens Br. Geo. R. R.
Md.
Washington Br.
Jnion Point
Annapolis
Athens
20 267
39 ; 384
Atlantic &. St. Lawrence
Me.'
Portland
Montreal, Can.
Attica and Buffalo . .
N. Y.
Attica
Buffalo
31
150,205
Attica and Hornellsville
it
N.Y.& Erie R.R.
Attica
60
Auburn and Rochester
it
Auburn
Rochester
78
150,205
Auburn and Syracuse .
Alton and Shelbyville .
111.
Syracuse
Alton
Auburn
Shelbyville
26
150,205
Alton and Shawneetown
Shawneetown
145
Baltimore and Ohio . .
Md.
Baltimore
Wheeling, Va.
!t)ti
264,336
Bait, and Susquehanna
it
ii
Penn. State Line
30
247,260
Bangor and Old Town
Bear Mountain . . .
Me.
Pa.
Bangor
Dauphin
Old Town
Bearrnont
10
28
4
Trans.
Beaver Meadow . . .
ii
Perryv.lle
Beaver Meadow
26
ii
Berkshire
flass
Conn. Sute Line
West Stockbridge
23
118
Bloomirigton and Pekin
111.'
Bloomington
Bordentown, Trenton Br.
N.J.
Bordentowa
Trenton
6
206
Boston and Lowell . .
Lowell
25 a 3
27
Boston and Maine . .
S. Berwick, Me.
72
4, 21
Boston and Providence
it
ii
Providence, R. 1.
42"
67,85
Boston and Worcester .
Worcester
44
121,144
Branch of Central . .
111.
Shelbyville
Indiana State Line
71 .1
Buffalo & Niagara Falls
N. Y.
Buffalo
Niagara Falls
22"
199
Cahawba and Marion .
Ala.
Cahawba
Manon
27'
Canal Railroad . . .
Conn.
New Haven
Pittsfield, Mass.
Camden and Amboy
N.J.
South Amboy
Camden
61
207
Camden and Woodburv
Camden Br. S. C. R. R.
S. C.
Camden
Columbia Branch
Woodbury
9
30
219
Carbondale ....
Pa.
Carbondale
Honesdale
16,
235
Carrolton
La.
New Orleans
La Fayette
4",
440
Catawissa
Pa.
Tamaqua
Catawissa
U
Trans.
Central . .
Mass.
Greenfield
Burlino-ton, Vt.
1 "J |
Central
Pa.
PittsbuV"'
' ;>i ! '
Central
Va.
Richmond
Guyandotte
KM
Central
Macon
\'.">M
379,401
Central . . .
Mich. n.itrnit
New Buffalo
542*
Central
III.
Cairo
Galena
4S6
Champlain and Conn. R.
Vt.
Burlington
Bellows Falls
Itol
Champln&St. Lawrence
Can.
St. Johns
La Prairie
15*
129, C.
Chesterfield ....
Va. Manchester
Coal mine
13,
Cheshire
N. H. Fitzwill.am
Bellows Falls
45
Chicopee Branch . .
Mass. Conn. R. R.
Chicopee Falls
2
62
Chippewa&-Queenstown
Can. Chippewa
Queenstown
10 1 205,0.
Cayuga & Susquehanna
City Point
N. Y. Ithaca
Va. ^Petersburg-
Owego
City Point
284 134,136
y ,294
Clinton and Port Hudson
La. iPort Hudson
28 Trans.
Columbia
Pa. IPhiladelphia
Columbia
82 '223
Columbia Br.S. C. R.R.
S. C. [Branchville
Columbia
66 368
Connecticut River . .
Concord
Mass. Springfield
N. H.i Nashua
Greenfield
Concord
36 62
35 27
Cumberland Valley . .
Pa.
Harrisbure-
Chambersburg
60 225,246
Dedham Branch . . .
Mass.
B. and P. R. R.
Dedham
2 ! 67
Detroit and Pu.itiac . .
Mich.
Detroit
Pontiac
25 540
Eastern
Mass.
Boston
Portsmouth, N. H
51
I, 21
Elizabetht'n&,Somerville
Erie and Kalarnazoo
N.J.
Ohio.
Eliza be thport
Toledo
Somerville
Adrian, Mich.
26
33
210
550
The Railroads referred to thus [Trans.] are used for transportation of coal, &c.
Mass.
Fall River
N. Braintree 42 leS.70 1
Fitchburg
Pa.
^harlestown
Chambersburg
B. and O. R. R.
Fitchburg
Williamsport, Md
Frederick
49$
30
*i
37
246
263
Frederick Branch . .
Md.
Franklin and Bristol .
N. H.
Northern R. R.
Bristol
12
Galena and Chicago .
Georgia
111.
Geo.
Chicago
Augusta
Atlanta
100
171
185,499
Gloucester Branch . .
Mass
Beverly
Gloucester
If
Grand Gulf & Pt. Gibson
Miss.
errand Gulf
Port Gibson
71
). 158
Great Falls Branch . .
N. H.
Somersworth
jreat Falls
3"
3
Gettysburg Extension .
Greenville and Roanoke
Pa.
Va,
Gettysburg
Hicksford
hlagerstown, Md.
Gaston, N. C.
41}
17*
292,349
Great Western . . .
Can.
Niagara R.
Sandwich
no
Harlem .
N Y.
New York
Albany
144
126
Hartford & New Haven
Conn.
New Haven
Mass. State Line
56J
65,123
Hartford and Springfield
Harrisburg & Lancaster
Hazleton
Mass.
Springfield
Lancaster
Hazleton
Conn. State Line
Harrisburg
Hazleton mines
6
36
10
65,123
223
Trans.
Hempstead Branch . .
Hiawassee
N. Y.
Tenn.
L. Island R. R.
Knoxville
tiempstead
Cross Plains, Geo.
4
121
73
118,124
Hudson and Berkshire .
V. Y'.
Hudson
*
31
142
Hudson River ....
i<
New York
Albany
145
Jackson and Brandon .
Miss.
Jackson
Brandon
12
471
Kennebec and Portland
La Grange and Memphis
Me.
Tem..
Portland
Memphis
Augusta
La Grunge
58
63
Lawrenceb'g&Indianap.
Lewiston
la.
N. Y.
Lawrencetrurg
Lockport R. R.
Indianapolis
Lewiston
100
3
199
Lexington &. W. Camb.
Lexington and Ohio
Mass.
Ky.
Lexington
Frankfort
W. Cambridge
Lexington
7
28
37
504
Lehighaud Susquehanna
Pa.
Wilkesbarre
White Haven
20
227
Linden and Demopolis
Ala.
Linden
Demopolis
12
Little Schuylkill . . .
Little Miami ....
Pa.
Ohio.
Port Clinton
Tamaqua
Spr.ngfield
2s)
84
Trans.
338
Lockp't &, Niagara Falls
N. Y.
Lockport
Niagara Falls
24
195
Long Island ....
Brooklyn
Greenport
96
121
Louisa
Va.
Potomac R. R.
Gordonsville
35
288 J
Macon and Western .
Geo.
Macon
Atlanta
101
382,387
Madison &. Indianapolis
Mad River
la.
Ohio
Madison
Springfield
Indianapolis
Sandusky City
Bl
1 34
530,534
338
Mansfield and Sandusky
Sandusky
Mansfiuld
56
338*
Marblehead Branch . .
Maes.
Salem
Marblehead
3
1
Mauch Chunk . . .
Pa.
Mauch Chunk
Coal mines
9
Trans.
MemphisBr.W&A.R.R.
Geo.
Kingston
Rome
18
499
Mexican Gulf. . . .
La.
New Orleans
Pascagoula Sound
60
Milbury Branch . . .
Mine Hill
Mass.
Pa.
B. and W. R. R.
Schuvlkill Haven
Milbury
Mine Hill Gap
li
20
52
Trans.
Miss
Natchez
140
466
Mine Hin&,Scnuylkiil H.
Pa.
Schuylkill Haven
Coal mines
HI
Trans.
Mohawk and Hudson .
N. Y.
Albany
Schenectady
16
150,20$
Montgomery & West Pt.
Ala.
Montgomery
West Point, Geo.
85
387,422
Morris and "Essex . .
N. J.
Newark
Morristown
208
Mount Carbon . . .
Pa.
Mu Carbon
Coal mines
I
Trans.
Muscogee
Geo.
Barnesville
Columbus
65
Nashua and Lowell . .
Maes.
Lowell
Nashua, N. H.
27
Nashville ^Chattanooga
New Bedford & Taunton
MM?.'
Nashville
New Bedford
Chattanooga
Taunton
20
68
Newburgh Branch . .
N. Y.
N. Y. &E. R. R.
Newburg
New OrleansCity . .
Lou.
New Orleans
Streets S
j i
N. Orleans & Nashville
u
Lou. State Line
63 j
N. Orleans <fc L. Borgne
u
it
Lake Borgne
5
New York and Erie . .
N. Y.
Piermont
Dunkirk
131
N. York and New Haven
New York
New Haven, Ct.
78
New Jersey ....
N. J.
Jersey City
New Castle
New Brunswick
Frenchlown, Md.
34
16]
135,231
230
New Castle &, French T.
Del.
N. Pittsb'rg&Mississipp
III.
Mississippi R.
Coal mines
6
Traus.
North Carolina . . .
N. C.
Raleigh
Camden, S. C.
150
Northern
N. H.
Lebanon
68
N. Y.
111.
Plattsburg
Quincy
Ogdensburg
Indiana State Line
230
566
Northern Cross Road .
Norwich and Worcester
Ocmulgee and Flint .
Mass.
Geo.
Worcester
Spalding
Allyns Pt., Conn.
Albany
66
60
66,121 1
Ohio
Ohio
Conneaut
Manhattan
177
Old Colony ....
Boston
Plymouth
37
69
Paterson and Hudson .
N. j'.
2i from Jersey City
Pa'terson
14
134
Palmvra & Jacksonburg
Philadelphia & Trenton
Mich.
Pa.
Palmvra
Philadelphia
Jacksonburg
Trenton, N. J.
46
28
135,206
Phila.Wilmingt'n&Balt.
Baltimore, Md.
97
135,278
Phila.Ger.T.&NorrisT.
M
H
Norristowu
21
221
Phila. Readmsr&Pottsv.
Pottsville
92
221
PliiladelphiaCitv . .
Streets
6
City
Peoria and Warsaw .
111.
Peoria
Warsaw
116
Petersburg and Roanoke
Va.
Petersburg
Blakely, N. C.
63
273
Pittsfield&North Adams
Mass.
Pittsfield
North Adams
20
Pontchanrain . . . .
La.
New Orleans
L. Pontchartrain
Portland and Augusta .
Me.
Portland
Augusta
Portsmouth & Roanoke
Va.
Portsmouth
P rtsmouth N H
Weldon, N.'c.'
51
78 2
1,21
297,342
Ports. & Roanoke Exten.
N. C.
Weldon
Littleton
Portage
Pottsville and Danville
Pa.
Holiidaysburg
Sunbury
Johnstown
Shamokm
36
20,
p. 230
Trans.
Providence & Worcester
R. I.
Providence
Worcester, Mass.
Qumcy
Mass.
Mich.
Cluincy
Monroe
Neponsett R.
Lake Erie
3
4
Trans.
Raisin River & L. Erie
Raleigh and Gaston
N. C.
Raleigh
84]
292
Raymond Branch . .
Miss.
Boulton
Raymond
6
470
Ramapo
N. J.
N. Y. &- E. R. R
Rensselaer and Saratoga
Richmond and Potomac
N. Y.
Va.
Troy
Richmond
Ballston
Potomac R.
25
75
147
273,288
Richmond &, Petersburg
M
Petersburg
22
273,288
Rochester
Saratoga & Schenectady
Saratoga & Washington
Schenectady and Troy
Selma and Tennessee .
Shelby and Detroit . .
N.^Y.
Ala.
Mich.
Rochester
Schenectady
Saratoga Springs
Troy
Selma
Detroit
Carthage
Saratoga Springs
Whitenall
Schenectady
Gunter's Landing
Utica
3
21;
40"
20,
170
17
Trans.
146
151
South Carolina . . .
S. C.
Charleston
Hamburg
1 3t>
369,383
Southern
Mich
Lake Michigan
Skaneateles Branch .
N. Y'.
A. &, S. R. R.
Skaneateles
5
150
St. Josephs and lola .
Flor.
St. Josephs
lola
28
Susquehanna &- Lehigh
Pa.
Wilkesbarre
White Haven
2o"
227
Syracuse and Utica .
N. Y.
Utica
Syracuse
53
1 50,203
Stonington
Taunton Branch . . .
Conn.
Mass.
Stonington
Mansfield
Providence, R. I.
47
H
67,122
67
Tallahassee ....
Tioga, C. I. & M. Co. .
Tonawanda ....
Trov and Greenbush .
Flor.
N. Y.
Tallahassee
Attica" 3
Port Leon
Blossburg
Buffalo
Troy
24
40
43
g
408
222
150,203
147,124
Trenton &.N. Brunswick
N. J.
New Brunswick
Trenton
24
i35!23l
Tuscumbia and Decatur
Utica and Schenectady
Ala.
N. Y.
Tuscumbia
Schenectadv
Decatur
Utica
45
78
435,499
150,203
Valley
Verm't & Massachusetts
Vicksburo 1 and Jackson
Warrenton Branch . .
Waynesboro' ....
Wash'tonBr.(B.&O.R.)
West Feliciana . . .
Western
Pa.
Mass.
Miss.
Geo.
Md.
Mass
Schuvlkill R.
Fitchburg
Vicksburg
Georgia R. R.
Augusta
* m. tm. Baltimore
St Francisville
Coal mines
Brattleboro', Vt.
Jackson
Warrenton
Brinsonville
Washington
Woodvifle, Miss.
20
65
45
li
58
3d.,
M
Trans.
472
385
266,278
440
Western New York .
N. Y.
Worcester
Svraci.se
N. Y. State Line
1 18
35
52,144
Western and Atlantic .
Westmmsier Branch .
West Chester Branch
West Philadelphia . .
Geo.
Md.
Pa.
A'tlanta
B. and S. R. R.
Columbia R. R.
Philadelphia
Chattanooga,Ten.
Westminster
West Chester
Columbia R. R.
N
10
9
C)
382
260
223
223
West Siockbridge . .
Williarnsport &, Elmira
Wilmington &, Raleigh
Winchelter&Potomac
Worcester and Nashua
Mass.
Pa.
N. C.
Va.
Mass.
W. Stockbndge
Williamsport
Wilmington
Carpers Ferry
Worcester
N. Y. State Line
Elmira, N. Y.
Weldon
Winchester
Nashau, N. H.
n
piv
45
118,124
222
273,352
268
Wetumpka and Coosa
York & Maryland Line
York and Wrio-htsville
Ypsilanti and Tecumseh
Ala.
Pa.
Mich.
Wetumpka
Ypsilanti
Vlarvland Line
Wnghtsville
Tecumseh
56
21
12
24
247,336
247,336
There are several other short roads used fot the transportation of coal, &c.
INDEX.
Abbeville, S. C., 176, 178.
Belleville, 111., 216.
Abingdon, Va., 112, 133.
Belfast, Me., 16, 62.
Accomac, Va., 128.
Bellows Falls, Vt., 22, 65.
Adams, Mass., 66.
Bennington, Vt., 22, 65, 74.
Adrian, Mich., 199,215,216.
Berkely Springs, Va., 109.
Akron, O., 119, 135.
Berrien Springs Mich., 216.
ALABAMA, state of, 153.
Berwick, Pa., 124.
Albany, N. Y., 53, 69, 73, 74, 75, 79.
Binghamton, 60, 72, 75.
Albion, Mich., 215.
Bloomingtoii, la., 195.
Alburg Springs, Vt., 22.
Alexandria, D. C., 104, 129.
Blooming-ton, Iowa, 212, 213.
Blossburg, Pa., 123.
Alexandria, La., 164, 182.
BlountsvTlle, Tenn., 133, 184.
Alton, 111., 201,216,226.
Blue Sulphur Springs, Va., Ill, 133.
Allentown, Pa., 124, 126.
Blue Lick Springs, Ky., 190.
Allyn's Point, Conn., 70.
Bolivar, Tenn., 185, 187.
Arnherst, Mass., 33, 66.
Boniar Springs, Tenn., 186.
Arnlierst, N. H., 64.
Bonham, Texas, 183.
Andover. Mass., 23, 6!.
Booneville.Mo., 206,227.
Angelica, N. Y M 72, 78.
Bordentown, N. J., 83, 122.
Annapolis, Md., 98, 129.
Ann Arbor, Mich., 198, 215.
Boston, Mass., 25, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 70,
71, 74.
Apalachicola, Flor., 153, 179.
Aquackanonck, N. J., 72, 82.
Archidelpl.ia, Ark., 182.
ARKANSAS, state of, 168.
Botetourt Springs, Va., 112.
Bowling Green, Ky., 192,185,212.
Bowling Green, Mo., 220.
Bradford Springs, S. C., 175.
Arkansas Post, Ark., 169, 183.
Branchville, S. C., 176, 177.
Ashtabula, O., 127, 134.
Brattleboro, Vt., 22, 64, 65.
Ashville, N. C., 142, 173, 186.
Brazoria, Texas, 167, 183.
Astoria, Oregon, 221.
Bridgeport, Conn., 39, 70, 71.
Athens, Pa., 72.
Bringiers, La., 182.
Athens, O., 118, 135.
Bristol, R. I., 35.
Athens, Ala., 156, 181.
Bristol, Pa., 93.
Atnens, Ga., 148, 177, 178.
Brooklyn, N. Y., 47, 70.
Attica, N. Y., 74, 79.
Brookville, la., 214.
Atlanta, Ga., 177, 186, 187.
Brownsville, Me., 62.
Auburn, N. Y., 56, 74, 77, 79.
Brownsville, Pa., 127, 130.
Augusta, Me., 14, 62.
Brunswick, Me., 15,61.
Augusta, Ga., 148, 176, 178.
Augusta, Ky., 190.
Bucyrus, O., 135.
Buttalo, N. Y., 68, 74, 78,79, 127, 134, 229.
Augusta Springs, Va., 110.
Burlington, Vt., 21, 64, 71, 75,
Austin, Texas, 166, 182.
Burlington, N. J., 83.
Avon Springs, N. Y., 57.
Burlington, Iowa, 210, 219, 220, 226.
Butler, Pa., 126.
Bainbridge, N. Y., 77.
Bainbridge, Ga., 178, 179.
Cahawba, Ala., 156, 180.
Balcony Falls, Va., 133.
Calais, Me., 16,61.
Ba!i/.e. La., 225.
Caldwell, N.Y., 55,74.
Ballston. N. Y., 54, 74.
Cambridge, Mass., 28, 64.
Baltimore, Md., 97,74,125, 126, 128, 129,
134, 137.
Cambridge, Md., !28.
Cambridge, O., 117, 130.
Bangor, Me., 15, 62.
Barcelona, N. Y., 72, 76.
Camden, N. J., 83, 122.
Camden, S. C., 145, 175.
Bardstown, Ky., 191,212.
Canals in the United States, 229.
Barnstable, Mass., 67.
Canajoharie, N. Y., 75.
Bastrop, Texas, 167, 183.
Batavia, N. Y., 58, 78, 79.
Canaan, Conn., 69.
Canandaigua, N. Y., 57, 74, 77.
Bath, Me., 16.
Cannonsburg, Pa., 90.
Bath,Va., 131.
Canton, N. Y., 79.
Bath, N. Y., 72, 77.
Cape Island, N. J., 83,123.
Baton Rouse, La., 161, 182, 226.
Beaufort, N. C., 140, 173, 174.
Cape Girardeau, Mo., 207, 216.
Cape Vincent, N. Y., 76.
Beaufort, S. C., 176.
Carbondale, Pa., 93, 125.
Beaver, Pa., 90, 127, 134.
Carlisle, Pa., 88, 124, 126.
Bedford Springs, Pa., 89.
Bellefontaine, O., 121, 137.
Carlisle Sulphur Springs, 88.
Castine, Me., 16, 62.
Bellefonte, Pa., 124, 126.
Cftslleton.Vt., 22.
INDEX.
Catskill, N. Y., 52,71,75.
Danville, Va., 133, 173
Centreville, la., 213.
Danville, Ky., 191.
Centreville, Md., 128.
Dansville, N. Y., 72.
Centreville, Mich., 216.
Darien, Ga., 177, 178.
Cerulian Springs, Ky., 18&
Davenport, Iowa, 219.
Chambersburg-, Pa., 88, 124, 126, 129.
Davton.O., 121, 135, 213.
Chapel Hill, N. C M 141, 173, 186.
Decatur, Ala., 181.
Chariton, Mo., 227.
Charleston, S. C., 131, 144, 175, 176, 180.
Defiance, O., 233.
DELAWARE, state of. 94.
Charlestown, Mass., 27.
Delaware City, Del., 95.
Charlestown, N. H., 64.
Delhi, N.Y., 75.
Charlestown, Va., 109.
Delphi, la., 214.
Charlotte, N. C., 141, 175.
Demopolis, Ala., 155, 180.
Charlottesville, Va., 108, 131.
Derby, Vt., 65.
Chatiahoochee, Flor., 179.
Detroit, Mich., 78, 131, 198, 215, 2!8.
Chattanooga, Tenn., 186.
Dixon, 111., 216, 219.
Cherry Valley, N. Y., 75.
Donaldsonville, La., 163, 182.
Chester, Pa., 94, 125.
Dover, N. H., 19, 61.
Chestertown, Pa., 99.
Dover, Del., 95, 127.
Chesterville, S.C., 145.
Dover, N. J., 122.
Cheraw, S. C., 145, 174, 175.
Doylestown, Pa., 123.
Chicago, 111., 202, 207, 219, 230.
Drennon's Lick Springs, Kv., 192.
Chillicothe.O., 118, 135.
Chilhowee, 112.
Dunkirk, N. Y., 72.
Dubuque, Iowa, 210, 219.
Christiansburg, KY., 123.
Duxbury, Mass., 67.
Cincinnati,O., 115/130, 134,135,136,137,214.
Circleville, O., 118, 135, 136.
Easton, Pa., 93, 122, 125, 126.
Clarendon Springs, Vt., 64.
Easton, Md., 99.
Clarksburg, Va., 127, 130.
Eastport, Me., 16,61.
Clarksville, Ga., 149, 175, 178.
Eastville, Va., 128.
Clarksville, Tenn., 172, 219.
Eaton, O., 135,213.
Cleveland, O., 119, 78, 127, 134, 137.
Clifton Springs, 57.
Ebensburg, Pa., 124.
Edenton,^.C., 133,140,174.
Cloverport, Kv., 192.
Edwardsville, III., 217.
Coffeeville, Miss., 180, 184.
Elizabeth Citv, N. C., 140.
Coidwater, Mich., 215, 218.
Elizabethtown, N. J., 81, 122, 125.
Columbia, S. C., 143, 174, 176, 179.
Elkton, Md., 99, 125.
Columbia, Pa., 128.
Elmira, N. Y., 60, 72, 77.
Columbia, Ark., 225.
Ellicottsville, N. Y., 78.
Columbia, Tenn., 71.
Ellsworth, Me., 62.
Columbia, Mo., 206.
Elyria,O., 120, 134.
Columbus, O., 117, 130, 134, 135, 136.
Emmettsburg, Md., 99.
Columbus, Ga., 149, 176, 177, 179.
Erie, Pa., 71,90,124, 126,127,134.
Columbus, Miss., 159, 180, 184.
Estillville, Va., 112.
Columbus, Kv., 185, 192, 213, 224.
Eufaula, Ala., 155, 179.
Concord, N. H., 19, 63, 64.
Evansville, la., 195, 214.
Concord, Mass., 29-
Exeter, N. H., 20, 63.
Conhocton, N. Y., 77.
Conneaut, O., 78, 134.
Fairfield, Conn., 71.
CONNECTICUT, state of, 36.
Fall River, Mass., 32, 68.
Conway, N. H., 63.
Falmouth, Mass., 67.
Cooperstown, N. Y., 60, 77.
Farmville, Va., 109, 132.
Corning, N. Y., 72, 77, 123.
Farmington, Conn., 70.
Cort land Village, N. Y., 77.
Fauquier White Sulphur Springs, Va., 1 D8.
Corpus Christi* Texas, 167, 183.
Fayetteville, Mo., 220.
Coshocton, O., 120, 135.
Fayetteville, N. C., 140, 174, 175.
Cotton Ginport, Miss., 184, 187.
Covington, la., 214.
Fayetteville, Ark., 184.
Fincastle, Va., 112,133.
Covington, Ga., 177.
Fitchburg, Mass., 66.
Covington, Ky., 190.
FLORIDA, state of, 150.
Council Bluffs, 227.
Florence, Ala., 156, 181, 182, 185.
Crawfordsvitle, Ga., 177.
Forsyth, Ga., 178.
Crawfordsville, la., 195, 213.
Fort Gibson, Ark., 182, 183.
Crown Point, N. Y., 71.
Fort Leavenworth, Mo., 227.
Cumberland, Md 100, 128, 130, i36, 137.
Cumberland Gap, Tenn., 186, 211.
Fort Madison, Iowa, 210,217, 219.
Fort Smith, Ark., 182.
Cuyahoga Falls, 119.
Fort Snelling, Wis., 226.
Fort Towson, Ark., 183
Dacota.
Fort Wayne, la., 196, 233.
Dahlonega, Ga., 149, 176, 178. ? Fort Wirinebago, 219i
Danbury, Conn., 71, 7S. ! Frankfort, Ky., 189, 212.
Dandridge, Tenn., 186. I Franklin, Pa., 126.
INDEX.
Franklin, Tenn., 172.
Frederick, Md., 99, 128.
Fredericksburg, Va., 108, 132, 174.
Frederickstown, Mo., 221.
Fredonia, N. Y., 78.
Fredonia, la., 214.
Freehold, N. J., 83.
Fryeburg, Me., 16, 62.
Fulton, Mo., 206, 220.
Gainesville, Ala., 155, 180, 184.
Galena, 111., 203,216,218.
Gallipolis, O., 118,135.
Galveston, Texas, 166, 183.
Garysburg, N. C., 174.
Geneseo, N. Y M 72, 78.
Geneva, N. Y., 57, 77, 79.
GEORGIA, state of, 146.
Georgetown, D. C., 103, 130.
Georgetown, Del., 95, 127.
Georgetown, S. C., 145, 175.
Georgetown, Ky., 190,211.
Gettysburg, Pa., 91, 1*24.
Gilmanton, N. H., 20.
Glasgow, Mo., 207, 220.
Glenn's Falls, N. Y., 55, 74.
Glasgow, Ky., '.36, 192.
Golconda, 111., 216.
Goldsboro, N. C., 130.
Goshen, N. Y., 72, 75.
Grand Coteau, 163.
Grand Gulf, Miss., 158,225.
Grand Haven, Mich., 199,215.
Grand Rapids, Mich., 215, 216.
Grayson Sulphur Springs, Va., 112.
Great Harrington, Mass., 73.
Great Crossings, Ky., 191.
Great Falls, N. H., 19, 61.
Greensboro', N. C., 141, 173, 186.
Greenfield, Mass., 33, 66.
Greenville, S. C., 146, 176, 178.
Greenville, O., 213.
Guildhall, Vt., 63.
Gunter's Landing, Ala., 181, 187.
Guyandotte, Va., 1 13, 133.
Hackensack, N. J., 82.
Hagerstown, Md., 100, 128.
Hallowell, Me., 16, 61.
Hamilton, O., 121, 136.
Hampton, Va., 107, 133.
Hancock, Md., 100,128.
Hannibal, Mo., 207, 220.
Hanover, N. H., 20, 65.
Hardinshurg. Kv., 211.
Harper's Ferry,'Va., 109, 128, 130.
Hamburg, Pa., 125, 126.
Hampton, Va., 107, 132.
Harnsburg, Pa., 88, 123,125, 126.
Harrisburg, La., 182.
Harrodsburg, Ky., 136, 185, 191, 212.
Hartford, Conn., 38, 68, 69.
Haverhill, Mass., 20, 61.
Haverhill, N. H., 63, 65.
Havre de Grace, Md., 99, 125.
Hawkinsville, Ga., 178.
Helena, Ark., 169, 183.
Herculaneum, Mo., 276.
Herkimer, N. Y., 56, 74.
Hickman, Ky., 192, 213, 224.
Hicksford, Va., 133.
Holmes Hole, Mass., 67.
Holly Springs, Miss., 159, 184.
Hollidaysburg, Pa., 91, 124, 126.
Holston Springs, Va., 112.
Honesdale, Pa., 72, 93, 125.
Hopkinton Mineral Spring, 33.
Hot Springs, Va., 110.
Hot Springs, Ark., 169, 183.
Houlton, Me., 16, 62.
Houston, Texas, 166, 183.
Hudson, N. Y., 52, 71, 73, 75.
Hudson River, 48.
Huntingdon, Pa., 91, 124.
Huntingdon, Tenn., 185, 187.
Huntsville, Ala., 156, 181, 186.
Huron, O., 78, 215.
ILLINOIS, state of, 200.
Independence, Mo., 207, 220.
INDIANA, state of, 193.
ndianapolis, la., 194, 212, 213, 214.
ndian Springs, Ga., 149, 177, 180.
ndian Territory,
OWA, state 01, zu.
owa City, Iowa, 210, 219.
onia, Mich., 215.
Ithaca, N. Y., 60, 73, 75, 77.
Jackson, Mich., 199,215,216.
Jackson, Mo., 184.
Jackson, La., 163.
Jackson, Miss., 158, 184, 185.
Jacksonville, Flor., 152.
Jacksonville, 111., 201,216,217.
Jamestown, N. Y., 126.
Jamestown, Va., 105, 132.
Jefferson City, Mo., 184, 204, 227.
Jeffersonville, la., 223.
Jersey City, N. J., 48, 82.
Johnstown, Pa., 91.
Joliet, III., 214,216, 218.
Jonesboro, Tenn., 172, 174,186.
Jordon's White Sulphur Springs, Va., 110.
Kalamazoo, Mich., 199, 116, 215.
Kanawha, Va., 133.
Kaskaskia, 111., 201, 216.
Keene, N. H., 64.
Kenton, O., 137.
KENTUCKY, state of, 188.
Keytesville, Mo., 220.
Kingston, N. Y., 72.
Kingston, Tenn., 172.
Knoxville, Tenn., 133, 172, 174, 176,177,
178, 186,211.
La Fayette, la., 196,213,217.
La Favette, La., 182.
La Grknge, Ga., 150, 177, 179.
La Grange, Texas, 183.
Lake George, 55, 74.
Lancaster, N. H., 62.
Lancaster, Pa., 124, 129.
Laporte, la., 213.
La Salle, III., 216, 219.
Laurens, S. C., 176.
Lawrenceburg, la., 136, 194.
Lebanon, Pa* 126.
Lehigh Gap, Pa., 125.
Leonardstown, Md., 129.
Lewisburg, Va., 133.
Lewisburg, Ark., 183.
Lew is town, Pa., 124, 126.
10
INDEX,
Lewistown, D1 M 217.
Morristown, N. J., 82, 182.
Lexington, Mass., 9.
Mottville, Mich., 215, fc!8.
Lexington, Ky., 136, 185, 189, 21 1, 212.
Mt. Clemens, Mich., 215.
Lexington, Va., Ill, 133.
Mt. Holly, N. J., 83.
Lexington, Mo., 207, 227.
Mt. Pleasant, la., 212.
Liberty, Mo., 207, 227.
Mt. rernon, Va., 103, 189.
Lincolnton, N. C., 141, 175.
Mt. Vernon, O., 120, 134.
Litchfield, Conn., 39, 70.
Mumfordsville, Ky., 212.
Little Falls, N. Y., 22, 56, 76.
Murfreesboro, Tenn., 172, 185.
Little Rock, Ark., 169, 183.
Littleton, N. H., 63.
Nacogdocr.es, Texas, 167, 182.
Lock Haven, Pa., 126.
Lockport, N. Y., 58, 78.
Nahant, Mass., 24.
Nantucket, Mass., 33, 67.
Loo-ansport, la., 196, 213, 214.
Lon<r Branch, N. J., 122.
LOUISIANA, state of, ieo.
Napoleon, la., 214.
Napoleon, Ark., 183, 224.
Nashua, N. H., 20, 64, 66.
Louisville, Ky., 185,188,191,211,212.
Nashville, Tenn., 171, 181, 184, 186.
Lowell, Mass., 30, 66.
Natchez, Miss., 158, 184, 185.
Lynchburg, Va., 109, 133, 173.
Natchitoches, La., 164, 182.
Lyons, N. Y., 228.
Natural Bridge,V&., 112, 133.
Natural Tunnel, Va., 112.
Machias, Me., 61.
Nebraska.
Macon, Ga., 149,176,178,186.
New Albany, la., 194, 212.
Mackinac, Mich., 78, 137, 199.
Newark, N. J., 82, 72.
Madison, la., 194,211,214.
Newark, Del., 95, 125.
Madison, Ga., 177, 179.
Newark, O., 120.
Madison, Wis., 208,217, 218.
New Bedford, Mass., 31, 67, 68.
Madisonville, Tenn.. 178.
MAINE, state of, 13.
New Berne, N. C., !40, 173.
New Brunswick, N. J., 81, 122, 125.
Malone, N. Y., 79.
Newburg, N. Y., 51, 75, 76.
Manchester, Vt., -65.
JNTewburyport, Mass., 30, 61, 63.
Mansfield, O., 120, 137.
Newcastle, Del., 95, 127.
Marietta, O., 11.7, 135.
Newcastle, Ky., 211.
Marshall, Mich., 199, 216.
MASSACHUSETTS, state of, 23.
Massillon, O., 119, 127.
New Echota, Ga., 186.
NEW JERSEY, state of, 80.
NEW HAMPSHIRE, state of, 17.
Martinsburg, N. Y., 76.
New Haven, Conn., 37, 69, 70.
Martinsburg-, Va., 109, 137.
MARYLAND, state of, 96.
New Lebanon Springs, N. Y., 73.
New Lisbon, 0., 119.
Marysville, Tenn., 172.
New London, Conn., 38, 68, C9.
Matagorda, Texas, 166, 183.
Mauc^Chunck, Pa., 92, 124, 125.
New London, Mo., 220.
New Madrid, Mo., 207, 224.
Maurr.ee City, O., 121.
New Milford, Conn., 70, 73.
Maysville, Kv., 185, 190,212.
New Orleans, La., 131, 162, 182.
Meadville, Pa., 90, 124.
Newport, R. I., 35, 68.
Medina, O., 134, 135.
Memphis, Tenn., 171, 182, 187,224.
Newport, Ky., 190.
NEW YORK, state of, 40.
Mercer, Pa., 126.
New York, N. Y., 42, 70, 71 , 72, 73, 74, "5, 89
Meredosia, III., 217, 219.
Niles, Mich.. 215,216.
MICHIGAN, state of, 196.
Niagara Falls, N. Y., 59, 78.
Michigan Citv, la., 196, 213, 216, 219.
Norfolk, Va., 106, 131, 132.
Middlebury, Vt., 22, 65.
Norridgewock, Me., 16, 62.
Middtetown.Conn., 39,69.
Norristown, Pa., 92, 123, 233.
Mifflintown, Pa., 124, 126.
Northampton, Mass., 32, 66.
Milford, Pa., 72, 125.
NORTH CAROLINA, state of, 138.
Milford, Del., 95.
Northumberland, Pa., 92, 123, 126
Milwaukee, Wis.. 206, 17, 219.
Norwich, Vt., 22.
Milledgeville, Ga., 148, 178, 179.
Norwich, Conn., 39, 69, 70.
Millersburg, O., 135.
Milton, N. C., 132.
Norwich, N. Y., 77.
Mineral Springs, Flor., 179.
Oberlin, O., 120.
MISSISSIPPI, state of, 157.
Ogdensburg, N. Y., 60, 76,79.
Mississippi City, Miss., 182.
MISSOURI, state of, 203.
OHIO, state of, 114.
Old Point Comfort, Va., 107.
Mobile, Ala., 154, 179, 180, 181.
Oldtown, Me., 15, 61.
Monroe, La., 182.
Olean, N. Y., 78.
Monroe, Mich., 198, 215.
Onondaga, N. Y., 77.
Montgomery, Ala., 155, 180, 181.
Montpelier, Vt., 22, 64, 65.
Montrose, Pa., 123, 126.
Opelousas, La., 163, 182.
Orangeburg, S. C., 44.
Oregon Territory.
Montreal, Canada, 74. 79.
Oregon City, 111., 219.
Morgan town, N. C., 174.
Orkney Springs, 1 10,
INDEX.
Orono, Me., 61.
Rockville, Md., 130.
Oswego, N. Y., 60, 78, 77.
Rome, N. Y., 56, 74, 76.
Owego, N. Y., 72.
Rome, Ga., 149, 179, 187.
Oxford, O., 121.
Roxbury, Mass., 29.
Oxford, N. Y., 77.
Rushville, la., 214.
Ruaselville, Ala., 182.
Paducah, Ky. T 182, 223.
Russelville, Ky., 211.
Painesville, 0., 119, 127.
Rutersville, Texas, 167, 18J.
Palestine, 111., 218.
Rutherford, N. C., 176.
Palmyra, Mo., 206, 219,
Rutland, Vt. r 65.
Paoli, la., 212, 213.
Paris, Me., 62, 71.
Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., 60, 76.
Paris, Tenn., 185, 213.
Sag Harbor, N. Y., 70.
Paris, Ky., 185,212.
St. Albans, Vt., 22, 65.
Parkersburg,Va., 113,130.
St. Augustine, Flor., 152, 179.
Pateraon, N. J., 82, 72.
St. Augustine, Texas, 183.
Pawtucket, 36.
St. Charles, Mo., 206, 227.
Peekskill, N. Y. T 73.
PENNSYLVANIA, state of, 84
St. Clairsville, O., 1 17, 135.
St. Francisvilfe, La., 163, 182.
Penn Yan, N. Y., 60.
St. Genevieve, Mo., 226.
Pensacola, Flor., 153, 179.
Peoria, 111., 202, 216, 217, 2l8 r 2l9r
St. Joseph, Mich., 199, 2r2, 213, 215.
St. John's, Canada, 71, 74.
Peru, la., 233.
Petersburg, Va., 107, 132, 174.
Philadelphia, Pa., 73, 85, 123> 124, 125i
St. Joseph, Mo., 207, 227.
St. Louis, Mo., 183, 205,212, 220, 221,22
St. Mary's, Ga., 177.
Pickensville, S. C., 176.
St. Stephen's, Ala., 156, 180.
Pickensville, Ala., 180.
Piermont, N. Y., 71.
gaginaw, Mich., 215.
Salem, Mass., 29> 61, 68.
Pigeon Springs, la., 195.
Pikeville, Ala., 182.
Salem, N. Y., 64.
Salem, N. J., 83, 123.
Pittsburg, Pa., 89,126,127,128,1 34>137,22
Salem, N. C., 141, 173.
Pittsfield, Mass., 73.
Platte City, Mo., 220.
Plattsburg, N. Y., 55, 71, 76, 79.
Plymouth, Mass., 31, 67.
Salem, Ky., 185, 212.
Salisbury, N, G., 141, 174,175.
Salt Sulphur Springs, Va., 111.
Sandusky, O., 120, 137.
Point Coupee, La., 182.
Sandy Hill, N. Y., 74.
Point Pleasant, Va., 113, 133.
San Antonio de Bexar, Texas, 167.
Pontiac r Mich., 215.
San Augustine, Texas, 167, 183.
Pontotoc, Miss., 184, 187.
San Philipe de Austin, Texas, 167, 183i,
Portland, Me., 14, 61, 62, 6J.
Santa F e , Texas, 168,221.
Port Deposit, Md., 124, 125.
Port Gibson, Miss., 159.
Port Leon, Flor., 179.
Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 54, 74.
Saratoga Lake, N. Y., 54.
Sault St. Marie, Mich., 78, 199.
Port Huron, Mich., 215.
Portsmouth, N. H., 19, 61, 63.
Savannah, Ga., 146, 176, 177, 179.
Schoharie, N. Y., 75.
Portsmouth, Va., 133.
Sehenectady, N. Y., 55, 74, 79.
Portsmouth, O., 118, 135.
Pottsville, Pa., 92,123,125.
Schooley's Mountain, N. J., 83, 122:
ScotUville, Ky. r 136.
Potosi, Mo., 183, 207.
Selma, Ala., 156, 181.
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 51, 73, 75.
Prairie du Chien, Wis., 209, 218, 225.
Princeton, N. J., 81.
Providence, R. I., 35, 68, 70.
Seneca Falls, N. Y., 56, 57, 74, 79.
Shannondale Springs, Va., 109.
Sharon Sulphur Springs, N. Y M 56, 79.
Shawneetown, 111., 202, 216,217, 224.
Shelbyviile, Ky., 211.
Quebec, Canada, 62.
Shelbyviile, la. r >36, 214.
Quincy, Flor., 179.
Shelbyviile, 111., 217.
Qumcy, 111., 217.
Shocco White Sulphur Springs, 1 49,
Shreveport, La., 164, 182, 183.
Racine, Wis., 217.
Shrewsbury, N. J., 122.
Rah way, N. J., 81.
Raleigh, N. C., 139, 17?.
Sing Sing, N. Y., 71, 73, 75.
Skaneateles, N. Y., 77.
Ravenna, O., 127.
Reading, Pa., 92, 123, 125, 126.
Skowhegan, Me., 62.
SmithviTle, N. C., 174.
Red Sulphur Springs, Va., 111.
Revnoldsburg, Tenn., 185,187.
RHODE ISLAND, state of, 34.
Richmond, Va., 106, 129, 132, 174.
Riverhead, N. Y., 70.
Smithland, Ky., 192,212,224.
Smyrna, Del., 95.
Snow Hill, Md., 99, 128.
Society Hill, S. C., 175.
Somerville.N. J., 81.
Rochester, N. Y., 57, 72, 78, 79.
Somerville, Tenn., 185, 187.
Rockford, III., 218.
Rock Island City, 111., 203, 219.
South Amboy, N. J., 83.
South Bend, la., 196, 213.
Rockport, la., 224.
SOUTH CAROLINA, state of, l.
12
INDEX.
Sparta, Ga., 186.
Warsaw, 111., 280.
Spartansburg, S. C., 146, 175.
Springfield, Mass.,' 32, 66, 73.
Washington, Pa., 90, 127, 136.
WASHfNGTON, D. C., 73, 100, 128, 129,
Springfield, O., 121, 134, 136.
180,173. 174, 185.
Springfield, Mo., 207,221.
Washington, N. C., 140, 173,
Springfield, 111., 201,216,217.
Spring Place, Ga., 177.
Washington, Texas, 166, 183.
Washington, Miss., 158, 184.
Stafford Springs, Ct., 39.
Washington, Ark., 183.
Statesville, N. C., 174.
Washington, la., 212.
Staunton, Va., 110, 132, 133.
Washington, O., 136.
Steubenville, O., 118, 127, 134.
Watertord, Me., 62.
Stonington, Conn., 39, 68, 69.
Waterloo, N. Y., 57, 74, 79.
Sulphur and Tar Springs, Ky., 192.
Watertown, N. Y., 76.
Sunburv, Pa., 92, 126.
Waterville, Me., 16,62.
Sweet Springs, Va., 111.
Syracuse, N. Y., 66, 74, 76, 77.
Weldon, N. C., 129, 140, 174.
Wellsburg, Va., 1 13, 222.
Westchester, Pa., 94.
Talbotton, Ga., 176, 179.
West Point, N. Y., 50,71
Tallahassee, Flor., 152, 179.
West Point, Ga., 177.
Tarboro', 140, 173.
Westport, Ky., 223.
Taunton, Mass., 31, 67, 68.
West Union, O., 135.
Taylorsville, Tenn., 186.
TENNESSEE, state of, 170.
Wethersfield, Conn., 68.
Wetumpka, Ala., 155, 180.
Terre Haute, la., 195, 213, 2 IT.
TEXAS, state of, 164.
Wheeling, Va., 113, 127, 128, 180, 134
Whitehall, N. Y., 55, 64, 71, 74.
Thomaston, Me., 16, 61, 62.
White Mountains, N.H., 17, 65.
Tiffin, O., 137.
White Plains, N. Y., 71.
Toledo, O., 120,131, 134.
Tolland, Conn., 69.
White Sulphur Springs, Va., Ill, 129, 133
White Sulphur Springs, Ga., 160.
Topsham, Me., 16, 61.
White Sulphur Springs, Flor., 152.
Towanda, Pa., 125.
Wilkesbarre, la., 93,123,125.
Trenton, N. J., 81, 122.
Wilkesboro, N. C., 173.
Trenton Falls, N. Y., 56, 76.
Williamsburg, Va., 107,132.
Troy, N. Y., 71,74, 75.
Williamsport, Pa., 92, 123, 126.
Tunkhannock, Pa., 123.
Williamsport, la., 214.
Tuscaloosa, Ala., 155, 179, 181, 186.
Williamstown, Mass., 33,66.
Tuscumbia, Ala., 156, 181, 185.
Wilmington, Del., 73, 95, 125, 127.
Tyree's Springs, Tenn., 185.
Wilmington, N. C., 140, 174, 176.
Winchester, Va., 110, 129, 132.
Union Point, Ga., 176, 187.
Winchester, Tenn., 186.
Uniontown, Pa., 180.
Windsor, Vt., 22.
Union ville, S. C., 175.
Urbana, O., 137.
Wiscassett, Me., 61.
WISCONSIN, 208.
Utica, N. Y., 56, 74, 76, 77.
Woodbury, N. J., 83, 123.
Woodstock, Vt., 22, 63.
Valley Forge, Pa., 92.
Woodstock, Va., 110.
Van Buren, Ark., 182, 184.
Woodville, Miss., 182.
Vandajia, III., 202,213,216.
Velasco, Texas, 183.
Woonsocket Falls, R\ I., 34,68.
Wooster, O., 120, 127, 134.
Verg-ennes, Vt., 22, 64.
VERMONT, state of, 20.
Worcester, Mass., 32, 66, 69, 74.
Wyoming, Pa., 93, 123.
Versailles, Ky., 211.
WytbeviRe, 112, 173, 184.
Versailles, la., 214.
Vevav, la., 214, 223.
Xenia, O., 121, 134, 136.
Vicksburg, Miss., 159, 184.
Vienna, Ala., 180.
YazooCity, Miss., 159.182.
Vienna, 111., 216.
Yellow Springs, O., 121, 134, 136.
Vincennes, la., 212, 216.
York, Pa., 91, 124, 128.
VIRGINIA, state of, 104.
York Sulphur Springs, 91.
Yorktown, Va., 108, 132.
Wadesboro, N. C., 175.
Yorkville, S. C., 175, 176.
Warm Springs, Va., 110.
Warm Springs, N. C., 174, 186.
Youngstown, N. Y., 78.
Ypsilanti, Mich., 198, 215, 218.
Warren, Pa.; 126.
Warrenton, Va., 108.
Zanesville, O., 117, 127, 134, 135.
Warrenlon, N. C., 132, 140.
Zebulon, Ga., 178.
Warsaw, Ky., 223.
STATE OF MAINE.
13
MAINE,
THE most northeasterly state of the republic, extends
from lat. 43 Q to 47 24' N., and between Ion. 6 and 10
: E. from Washington, and contains an area of 30,000
' square miles. Population, 1840, 501,792. The state is
f divided into 13 counties. Its shores are indented by deep
1 bays, forming many excellent harbors ; and its waters
? are studded with numerous islands of every variety of
' form and size, from the rocky islet to those of 150 square
miles in extent.
Near the coast the surface is level, but it rises on proceeding inland ; and
most part of the state is hilly, forming in many places a congeries of hills,
or elevated cones, several of which reach an elevation of 4000 feet, and
Mt. Katahdin rises to the height of 5335 feet above the level of the sea. In
the northwest, an elevated ridge forms the water-shed dividing the waters
of the St. Lawrence from those of the Atlantic ; a lateral branch of this
ridge, of still less elevation, separates the Kennebec and Penobscot rivers
from the St. John's.
It has been estimated that one-sixth part of the surface of Maine consists
of water. There are numerous lakes, the largest and most noted of which
are Moosehead, Sebago, Chesuncook, and Umbagog. A part of the
waters of the latter extend into New Hampshire. Some of these lakes are
justly celebrated for the picturesque beauties of their scenery. A steam-
boat has been built to ply on the waters of Moosehead lake. The Kenne-
bec and the Penobscot are the two most important streams, the former is
navigable to Augusta, and the latter to Bangor. Their shores are adorned
with villages, and the intervals along their margins are the most fertile and
best cultivated in the state. The Saco, Androscoggin, and St. Croix rivers
enter the Atlantic. St. John's and its confluents, the Walloostook, Alla-
gash, and Aroostook, drain the northern part of the state. The St. John's
forms a part of the northern boundary of the state, by the late treaty of
Washington, and its waters are open to the free navigation of both nations.
The principal bays are Casco, Penobscot, Machias, and Passamaquoddy.
The climate is healthy ; but the winters are long and severe. The prin-
cipal productions are Indian corn, wheat, barley, rye, flax, and the
grasses. The uncleared lands are of great extent, and furnish an immense
amount of pine and other lumber. Marble and lime are extensively ex-
ported. On the sea-coast large quantities of cod-fish are dried and prepared
for the market ; and the rivers abound in excellent salmon. Ship-building
is extensively carried on.
The principal literary institutions are Bowdoin College, at Brunswick ;
Waterville College, at Waterville ; the Bangor Theological Seminary, at
Bangor ; and the Wesleyan Seminary, at Read field ; and there are about
90 academies and 4000 common schools throughout the state.
14 STATE OF MAINE.
The government is vested in a governor, senate, and house of represent-
atives, who are elected annually. The senate consists of 31, and the house
of representatives of 151 members. Seven counsellors are elected by the
legislature to advise the governor on all matters pertaining to his legislative
duties. The judiciary consists of a supreme judicial court and a court of
common pleas, each composed of a chief-justice and two associate justices.
The judges of the supreme court are appointed by the governor and coun-
cil, and hold their offices during good behavior, or until they have attained
the age of 70 years. The right of suffrage is possessed by every male citi-
zen of the United States, 21 years of age, (excepting paupers, persons
under guardianship, and Indians not taxed,) who shall have resided in the
state for three months next preceding an election.
The first permanent settlement in Maine was made about the year 1630 ;
and in 1652 the inhabitants were placed under the jurisdiction, and formed
a part of, the colony, subsequently the state of Massachusetts. It was
styled the District of Maine until the year 1820, when it was admitted into
the Union as an independent state. The constitution was formed in 1819.
The railroads, with the distances between each depot, will be found in
the accompanying tables of routes ; for example, see Portland, Saco, and
Portsmouth railroad pages. 61 and 62 .
PORTLAND,
The metropolis, is situated on a peninsula, at the western extremity of
Casco bay. It is 105 miles from Boston, 320 from New York, and 545
from Washington. Population, 15,500. The harbor is safe, spacious, and
easy of access ; completely land-locked ; and is well defended by forts
Preble and Scammel. The ground on which the city is built, rises at its
eastern and northern extremities, presenting a beautiful appearance when
approached from the sea rising like an amphitheatre between two hills.
The public buildings are a court-house, jail, city hall, custom-house,
an exchange, an athena^um s with a library of 5,000 volumes, 16 churches,
and 11 academies. On Mt. Joy, an eminence a little to the northeast part
of the city, is an observatory 82 feet high, and 226 feet above the level
of the sea, from which a beautiful view is obtained of the harbor, its islands,
and the surrounding country. Cars leave daily for Boston and the inter-
mediate places. Fare to Boston, $3. Stages leave daily for Eastport,
and Calais, via Brunswick, Thomaston, and Belfast ; also for Houlton,
via Augusta and Bangor. Jl triweekly line runs to the White Moun-
tains ; and also to Quebec, via Augusta and Norridgewock. Steamboats
ply between Boston and Portland, and Bangor and Portland.
frCT" For tables of distances, see routes in Maine, pages 61 to 79 where
will be found the railroad, steamboat, and stage routes from the cities and
principal towns throughout the state, with the distances between the inter-
mediate places.
AUGUSTA, the capital, is situated on both sides of the Kennebec rivez,
STATE OF MAINE.
15
43 miles from the sea, and at the head of sloop navigation. It is 150
miles NNE. from Boston, 469 from New York, and 595 from Washington;
and contains a state house, a United States arsenal, a state insane hospital,
a high school, 6 churches, and 6,000 inhabitants. The State House is sit-
uated on an eminence, on the west side of
the river. The central part is 84 feet long,
and 56 deep, with two wings, each 34 feet
long and 54 deep. It has a Doric portico of
8 columns; and before it is a spacious park,
adorned with trees and shrubbery. There is :
a tine bridge across the Kennebec, and a sub-
stantial dam has been constructed across the
river a short distance above, forming a very .
extensive water-power. Stages leave daily *'
for Portland and Bangor ; three times a week for Belfast and Thomaston ;
for Jin son and Phillips, and also for Fryeburg.
BANGOR is situated at the head of navigation, on the west side of the
Penobscot river, which is here crossed by a bridge J ,320 feet long. It is
222 miles from Boston, 436 from New York, 663 from Washington. It
occupies an eminence from which a fine view is obtained of the surrounding
country. Steamboats ply regularly between this place, Portland, and
Boston. It contains a court-house, jail, a bank, 7 churches, the Bangor
Theological Seminary, 2 academies, and about 11,000 inhabitants. The
Theological Seminary has 3 professors, 50 students, 139 alumni, and 7,000
volumes in its library. It gives a classical and theological course in four
years. The lumber trade of Bangor is extensive. Stages leave daily for
Portland ; three times a week to Houlton ; also for Calais, Castine, Bel-
fast, Skowhegan, &c.
Old Town is on an island of the same name in Penobscot river, 12
miles from Bangor ; here are manufactured immense quantities of boards,
&c. On another island, about a mile above, are the remnant of Penobscot
Indians, (about 360. ) They have a small church.
BRUNSWICK is situated on the left bank of the Androscoggin river, at the
Pejepscot Falls, which here make an extensive water-power. It con-
tains 9 churches, *-
two academies, a
cotton and wool-
len factory, and
4,500 inhabitants.
It is the seat of
Bowdoin College,
which was found- \
ed in 1794, and or-
ganized in 1802;
has a president and nine professors, or other instructors, 749 alumni, 190
students, and 23,950 volumes in its libraries. The commencement ia
on the 1st Wednesday in September. Attached to this institution, is
Maine Medical School, founded in 1820, which has 4 professors, 60 stu-
dents, and 464 graduates. The lectures commence on the 15th of Feb-
ruary, annually. The philosophical apparatus and cabinets of anatomical
preparations, mineralogy, and natural history, are very complete. It re-
ceived a donation of $10,000 from James Bowdoin, Esquire, its principal
benefactor, from whom it was named. The state has granted it five
townships of land and $3,000 annually. Its principal edifice has been
16 STATE OF MAINE.
several times burned, but has been rebuilt. The college chapel, a granite
edifice, is in the Romanesque style of architecture.
BATH is situated on the right bank of Kennebec river, 12 miles from the
sea. It is built on a declivity, and extends for a mile and a half along the
river, and three-fourths of a mile back from it. It has an excellent harbor,
and vessels of the largest class come up to its wharves. It contains 2
banks, several churches, 5 academies, 75 stores, and 5,500 inhabitants.
Steamboats ply regularly between this place and Portland, and Boston, the
most part of the year.
THOMASTON is situated at the head of St. George's bay, and contains the
Baptist Theological Institute, a bank, 3 academies, the state prison, several
churches, and 5,000 inhabitants. The Theological Institute was founded
1837 ; has 2 professors, 23 students, and 500 volumes in its library. The
state prison is near the bank of the river, and attached to it are 10 acres of
ground. The buildings are of stone, surrounded by a high wall. Im-
mense quantities of lime of the best quality are manufactured here.
BELFAST is pleasantly situated on an arm of Penobscot bay, 30 miles from
the sea; and has a spacious harbor, sufficiently deep for vessels of the
largest class. It has several churches, an academy, and 4,500 inhabitants.
EASTPORT is situated on Moose Island,
and is connected by a bridge with the
main land. It is the easternmost town in
! the United States; has a good harbor, and 1
I contains 5 churches, an academy, a United
j States garrison, and 2,000 inhabitants.
CALAIS is situated on the right bank of the
( St. Croix river, at the falls, opposite St.
I Andrews, 250 miles from Portland, and has
i about 3,000 inhabitants.
HALLOWELL is pleasantly situated on the right bank of the Kennebec
river, and contains 5 churches, an academy, and 5,000 inhabitants.
Steamboats ply to Portland and Boston. Gneiss is extensively quarried
under the name of Hallowell granite, and exported to most of the eastern
states.
CASTINE is situated on a promontory in the E. side of Penobscot bay, and
has a good harbor. It contains about 1,200 inhabitants.
HouLton, 120 miles NNE. of Bangor, is situated on a small stream
emptying into St. John's river, near the New Brunswick line. It con-
tains the Hancock barracks, a United States military post, several stores,
and 1,500 inhabitants.
WATERVILLE, 18 miles north of Augusta, ig situated on the right
bank of the Kennebec river, near the Teconick Falls ; and contains a
bank, several churches, and about 1,500 inhabitants. It is the seat
of Waterville College under the direction of the Baptists. It has, a
president and six professors, 210 alumni, 70 students, and 7,000 volumes
in its libraries. The commencement is on the 2d Wednesday in August.
Fryeburg, 48 miles from Portland, is beautifully situated on a plain, and
contains a church and an academy. Lovell's Pond lies near the village,
famous as the scene of a desperate fight between the whites and Indians in
early times.
Topsham on the Androscoggin river ; Gardiner and Norridgewock on
the Kennebec river ; Bucksport and Frankport on the Penobscot river ;
Bristol on the Damariscotta river ; and Machias on the Machias river, are
large and thriving places.
STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE.
17
EW HAMPSHIRE .
Is situated between lat. 42 41' and 45 11' N., and
I 70 40' and 72* 30' W. Ion. It contains 9,194 square
miles, and 284,574 inhabitants.
This state has only 18 miles of seacoast, and the shore
is generally a sandy beach. Portsmouth is the only
good harbor in the state. A short distance from the
- J coast, the country becomes beautifully diversified by hill
\ and dale, and adorned by several picturesque sheets of
water. The White Mountains are situated a little north
of the centre of the state, and have become a place of great resort during
the summer months ; they are usually ascended from the southeast. After
climbing the sides of the mountain for some distance, the forest trees
begin to diminish in height, until at the elevation of about 4,000 feet, you
come to a region of dwarfish evergreens, which put forth numerous
branches and surround the mountain with a formidable hedge, a quarter of
a mile in thickness. On emerging from this thicket, you are above all
woods, and at the foot of what is called the bald part of the mountain,
which is very steep, and consists of a huge pile of naked rocks. After at-
taining the summit, the traveller is recompensed for his toil and trouble, if
the sky be serene, by a most noble and extensive prospect. The other principal
mountain peaks are Moosehillock, 4,636 feet high ; the Grand Monadnock,
3,254 feet above the level of the sea ; and Kearsarge, 2,461 feet high, on
the west, and the Moose and Ossippee mountains on the east. These moun-
tains, though not a connected range, are regarded as a continuation of the
Alleghanies.
The notch or gap in the White Mountains, is justly regarded as a
curiosity. It is on the west side of the mountains, near the source of Saco
river. It is a deep and narrow defile, in one part
only 22 feet wide. The mountain mass appears
as if riven quite to its base by some convulsion of
nature, perpendicularly on one side, and on the
other, at an angle of forty-five degrees. The ;
road which has been made through this pass is
Crossed by the river Saco, which rushes rapidly
down the sides of the mountain, and gives a
picturesque effect to the scenery.
The Silver Cascade, a beautiful sheet of water
is precipitated over three precipices, from a height '
of 250 feet into a basin formed by the hand of \
nature, in the rock beneath. In its fall it presents
a diversity of pleasing appearances ; and in this
whole mountain region, nature seems to have
sported her wildest fancies. The lakes form another peculiar characteris-
tic of this state ; Winnipiseogee is 23 miles long and 10 broad in ita
2*
18 STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE.
widest part. Its form is very irregular ; its shores exhibit almost every
gradation of scenery, and its surface is studded with numerous islands. The
waters are very pure, being supplied mostly by springs. Squam lake is
6 miles in length and about 3 in breadth, and is surrounded by bold and
rugged scenery. It embosoms many islands. Ossippee, Sunapee, Con-
necticut, and Newfound lakes are smaller, but picturesque sheets of
water. Another object of curiosity in this state is Bellow's Falls,
in the Connecticut river, at Walpole. The descent of the water in the
space of 100 rods, is 44 feet ; there are several pitches one above
another; at the highest of which a large rock divides the stream into
two channels, each about 90 feet wide. When the water is low, the
eastern channel is dry, being crossed by a bar of solid rock ; and the
whole stream falls into the western channel, where it is contracted to
the breadth of sixteen feet, and flows with astonishing force and
rapidity. A bridge has been constructed over these falls; and a canal
half a mile long, with nine locks around them on the west side.
Amoskeag Falls, in the Merrimac, consists of three successive pitches,
falling nearly 50 feet. There are also extensive caverns at Chester. The
Profile Mountain, at Franconia, is a singular eminence. It is a regular
peak 1,000 feet in height, presenting a bold front of solid rock ; a side view
of this exhibits a profile of the human face.
The Connecticut river has its source in the highlands on the north border
of the state, and its west branch forms the boundary line between New
Hampshire and Canada, to within one mile of the 45th deg. of N. latitude. Its
general course is south by west, and dividing New Hampshire and Ver-
mont, it passes through the western part of Massachusetts, and the central
part of Connecticut, where it enters Long Island Sound. Merrimac river,
the Pemigewassit branch, rises near the Notch in the White Mountains,
and is joined by the Winnipiseogee, 70 miles below the source of the
former. It here takes the name of Merrimac. The Androscoggin and
Saco, rise and have part of their course in this state.
The principal literary institutions of the state are Dartmouth College in
Hanover, and the Gilmanton Theological Seminary at Gilmanton. There
are in the state about 70 academies, and 2,200 common schools.
The constitution was formed in 1784, and in 1792 was altered to its
present form. The governor is elected annually by the people on the
second Tuesday in March. He must have resided in the state for seven years
next preceding his election, be thirty-five years of age, and possess property
to the amount of .500, one half of which must be a freehold within the
state. The council consists of five members chosen by the people, who
must have resided in the state for seven years, and possess property to the
amount of Jt)500, and be thirty years of age. The legislature consists of
the senate and house of representatives, and is denominated the General
Court of New Hampshire. The senate consists of twelve members chosen
annually by the people, who must be at least thirty years of age, have
resided in the state for seven years preceding the election, and possess
property within the state to the amount of .200. The house of represen-
tatives consists of 250 members, elected annually by the people. A mem-
ber must have resided two years in the state next preceding his election,
be thirty years of age, and possess property to the amount of 100,
within the district which he represents, one half of which must be a free-
hold. All judicial officers are nominated and appointed by the governor
and council, and hold their offices during good behavior ; but are removable
by the governor, with the consent of the council, at the representation of
STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 19
both houses of the legislature. No judicial officer can hold office after he
is 70 years of age. The secretary and treasurer are elected by the joint-
ballot of both houses of the legislature. Every male citizen of the age of
2] years or over, excepting paupers, and persons excused from paying taxes
at their own request, has the right of suffrage.
The first settlements made in the state were at Dover and Ports-
mouth, in 1623. In 1641, all its settlements, by a voluntary act, submitted to
Massachusetts, but were made a separate province by an act of Charles II. t
in 1679. A temporary government was established in 1776, to continue
during the war of the Revolution. June 21st, 1788, the state in convention
adopted the constitution of the United States, yeas 57, nays 46.
PORTSMOUTH, a port of entry, and the capital of Rockingham county, is
the largest town in the state. It is pleasantly situated on a peninsula, on the
right bank of Piscataqua river, three miles from the ocean. The harbor is
completely land-locked, and has the advantage of being always free from ice.
Portsmouth is 54 miles north of Boston, and 493 from Washington. Two
bridges connect it with Kittery on the opposite side of the river in Maine ; an-
other bridge connects it with Great Island, on which is alight-house. On Con-
tinental Island, on the opposite side of the harbor, is the navy yard. The town
contains 8 churches, 7 banking houses, a custom house, 2 markets, an
academy, an atheneum, an almshouse, a state lunatic hospital, and about
8,000 inhabitants. The atheneum, a very flourishing institution, was in-
corporated in 1817, and has a library of more than 5,000 volumes, besides
cabinets of minerals and of natural history. Cars arrive from, and depart
daily for Boston, (fare $1.50,) and for Portland, (fare $1.50.) Stages
leave three times a week for Concord.
CONCORD, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of the
Merrimac river. It is 76 miles NNW. from (~~
Boston, and 481 from Washington. It lies
chiefly on 2 streets, one of which extends I
nearly 2 miles. It contains a state house, a j
court-house, jail, bank, state prison, eight I
churches, 350 dwellings, and about 4,000 I
inhabitants. The State House is an ele- I
gant structure of hewn granite, 126 feet
long, and 49 feet wide. The hall of repre-
sentatives and the senate chamber, are i
spacious and elegant rooms. By means of artificial locks and caucus
around the falls in Merrimac river, and the Middlesex canal, a navigable
communication exists from Boston to this place. Cars arrive from, and
depart twice daily for Boston, (distance 76 miles ; fare $1.75.) Stages
leave three times a week for Portsmouth ; and for the yVhite Mountains ;
and for Burlington, Vt., via Hanover and Montveliei thence connecting
with a steamboat line to Montreal ; and for Montreal, via Haverhill,
Derby, and Stanstead, Canada : and also for Brattleboro, ft., via Keene.
DOVER, the capital of Strafford county, is prettily situated at the Lower
falls of the Cochecto, which affords an abundant water-power. It contains
a court-house, jail, 2 academies, 10 churches, several extensive manufac-
turing establishments, and about 5,000 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, and
depart for Boston daily, (distance 66 miles; fare $1.75;) also from
Portland, (43 miles ; fare $1.25.) Stages leave for the White Mountains 3
times a week.
GREAT FALLS VILLAGE, 6 miles north of Dover, contains several
manufacturing establishments, and 2,500 inhabitants.
20
STATE OF VERMONT.
EXETER, at the head of tide water, on Exeter river, has a court-house,
a bank, 4 churches, an academy with a valuable library, philosophical
apparatus, &c., and several manufactories. Cars pass through it daily
from Boston to Portland.
NASHUA is on the right bank of the Merrimac river, 41 miles from
Boston. It contains several manufacturing establishments, 10 churches,
many pretty residences, and about 7,000 inhabitants. Cars arrive from,
and depart three times daily for Boston (fare $1,) and Concord, (fare
75 cts. ) Stages leave daily for Windsor, Ft. ; three times a week to
Bratlleboro, Vt., and three times a week to Worcester, Mass.
HANOVER is pleasantly situated on the left bank of the Connecticut
river, and contains a church, many neat dwel-
lings, and the buildings of Dartmouth College.
This institution was founded in 1770, and be-
sides the collegiate, it has a medical depart-
ment. It has a president and 15 professors or
other instructors; has had 2,228 alumni, has
331 students, and 16,500 volumes in its libraries.
K The commencement is on the last Thursday in
July. The medical department, instituted in 1779, has 6 professors, 80
students, and has had 577 graduates. The lectures commence on the
first Thursday in August. Stages pass through Hanover for Concord and
Jlfontpelier.
HAVERHILL is on the east bank of Connecticut river, and has a court-
house, bank, a church, an academy, and about 60 dwellings.
GILMANTON is 20 miles north of Concord, situated on the Suncook
river. The village contains an academy and the Gilmanton Theological
Seminary, founded in 1835. It has 3 professors, 26 students, and 4,300
volumes in its libraries.
'"* c&
VERMONT lies between lat. 42 44' and 45 00' 30"
: N., and 71 30' to 73 20' W. Ion., and contains an area
[ of 9,056i sq. miles ; and in 1840, 291,948 inhabitants.
This state presents a very considerable variety of sur-
face. It is traversed from north to south by the Green
Mountain range; some summits of which rise to a
height of 4,279 feet above the sea. About the centre of
,. the state, they divide into two ridges, the principal of
which passes in a north-northeast direction, into Canada. The Green
Mountnins are from ten to fifteen miles wide, much intersected by valleys
abounding with springs and brooks, and are mostly covered with ever-
greens to their summits, from which they have derived their name. The
STATE OF VERMONT. 21
rivers are inconsiderable : most, of those flowing east are merely small
tributaries of the Connecticut ; those on the east side are larger and
longer, and the three principal, viz., Lamoille, Missisque, and Winooski,
rise on the east side of the principal mountain chain, which they break
through and enter Lake Champlain. Otter creek rises on the west side of
the mountains, and enters Lake Champlain.
The climate varies according to differences of level and other circum-
stances. It is healthy, although the winters are severe. The soil is
fertile, but more suitable for pasturage than tillage. Wool is the staple
production ; sheep, horses, and cattle are raised in great numbers.
The legislature formerly consisted of a single house of assembly, but in
1836, two separate houses (a senate of 30 members, and a house of
representatives, composed of one member from each town) were established,
which, together with its governor, lieutenant-governor, and executive coun
cil, are chosen annually by the people. The right of suffrage is vested
in every male citizen 21 years of age, who has resided in the state
for the year previous to the election. The judicial power is in a supreme
court of five judges, and county courts each composed of one judge of the
supreme court, and two assistant judges. Judges are chosen annually by
the general assembly, and a court of censors, by a popular vote once in 7
years. The general assembly meet annually in October.
There are three colleges in Vermont, viz., the University of Vermont
at Burlington, Middlebury College at Middlebury, and Norwich University
at Norwich ; and there are about 50 academies, and 2,500 common
schools throughout the state.
"V--*
BURLINGTON is delightfully situated upon the tongue of land formed by
the confluence of the Winooski, or Onion river, with Lake Champlain. It
is the most important town in Vermont ; it is 40 miles WN W. from Mont-
pelier, 300 N. from New York, and 513 from Washington. Population in
1840, 4,271. Here is a court-house, a jail, 2 banking houses, 6 churches,
one university, an academy, and a female seminary. The buildings of the
University of Vermont, 4 in number, are on high ground on the east side of
the village. This institution was founded in 1791. It has a president and
7 professors, 277 alumni, 125 students, and 9,200 volumes in its libraries.
The commencement is on the first Wednesday in August. The view
from the cupola of the college embraces an extensive range. On the
west lies the village the broad expanse of lake, with its islands and
vessels ; and beyond, the Adirondack mountains, rising to the height of near
6,000 feet, give grandeur to the picture ; while on the east, are presented
in full view the Green Mountains, with their two highest peaks, Camel's
Rump and Mansfield Mountain. Steamboats stop here daily (in summer)
from Whitehall, JV*. Y., and from St. John's, Canada. Stages leave daily
for Mbany, also for Boston via Middlebury, Bellows' Falls, and Fitck~
burg, Mass., and to Montpelier ; from thence, three times a week to Port
land, Me., via the White, Mountains.
22
STATE OF. VERMONT.
_MONTPELIER, the capital of the state, is situated in a rugged and
-;=: ->:: ^^03^^^^ picturesque region, at the junction of the
1 north and south branches of the Wi-
I nooski river. It contains a state-house,
| court-house, jail, an academy, 4 churches,
I and about 1,800 inhabitants. The State
I House is built of granite, 72 feet wide,
I and 152 feet long ; it has a projecting
I portico in the centre of six Grecian Doric
I columns, 6 feet in diameter and. 36 feet
9. high. Stages leave daily for Burlington
and Concord, JV. //., via Lebanon, be. ; and three times a week for the
White Mountains ; also to Derby, St. rflbans, <$-c.
MIDDLEBURY is situated at the falls and on both sides of Otter creek.
It contains a court-house, jail, bank, 5 churches, 2 academies, several ex-
tensive manufactories, and about 2,500 inhabitants. In the vicinity .is a
quarry of excellent marble, which is extensively wrought. It is the seat of
Middlebury College, founded in 1800, which has a president and 7 pro-
fessors, has 771 alumni, 97 students, and 7,054 volumes in its libraries.
The commencement H on the third Wednesday in August. Stages pass
through Middlebury daily for Burlington, Albany, and Boston.
VERGENNES is situated at the Lower falls on Otter creek, and contains 3
churches, a bank, and several manufactories.
BENNINGTON is prettily situated on elevated ground, and contains a
court-house, a church, 2 academies, a bank, and about 300 inhabitants.
The Americans under General Stark defeated a large British force, August
16, 1777, on the west border of the town.
BRATTLEBORO is situated on the right bank of the Connecticut river,
and contains 4 churches, a bank, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Stages
leave daily for Albany, Springfield, Worcester, Nashua ; and also to the
White Mountains, passing through the principal towns along the Con-
necticut river.
NORWICH is on the right bank of the Connecticut river, and contains
several churches, an academy, and about 500 inhabitants. It is the seat of
Norwich -University. It has a president and 6 professors, and 40 students.
The commencement is on the third Thursday in August. Jl line of stages
pass through this place three times a week from Montpdier and Concord.
ST. ALBANS is situated near the east shore of Lake Champlain ; it has
a court-house, jail, a bank, 3 churches, and about 700 inhabitants. Stages
from Burlington to the Canada line, pass through this place three times
a week.
> CASTLETON, 74 miles from Montpelier, contains 2 churches, an
academy, and the Castleton Medical College, founded in 1818, with 7
professors, 104 students, 555 graduates. The lectures commence on the
4th Thursday in August. Woodstock has 5 churches, and the Vermont
Medical College, founded in 1835, with 7 professors, 94 students, and
255 graduates. Windsor contains 3 churches, the Vermont state prison, and
1,000 inhabitants. Bellows Falls village has 2 churches and 500 in-
habitants.
Alburg Springs are on the point, of land projecting into Lake Cham-
plain, at the north ; the waters are of considerable efficacy in scrofulous and
other diseases.
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS.
23
VIEW FROM MT. HQLY.OKE;
MASSACHUSETTS lies between 41 23'and425-r
y N. lat., and between 69 50' and 73 30' W. Ion. It rs
about 190 miles long, with an average breadth of 90
miles, and contains 7,500 square miles ; and in 1840,
737,699 inhabitants.
I This state presents three distinct zones. The first,
towards the ocean, is a marine alluvion, but little
elevated above the sea; it is mostly sandy, and the
least fertile and smallest in extent of the three sections.
This plain is followed by a fine hilly tract, which crosses the state from
north to south, elevated in some places 300 feet above the sea ; from these
elevations the rivers flow in every direction. The second or middle zone
includes part of the beautiful valley of Connecticut ; and is followed by
the mountainous but highly fertile county of Berkshire, which comprises
the whole western part of the state. Through Berkshire pass two moun-
tain ranges, the Taghkannick, on the western border of the state ; and be-
tween the Housatonic and Connecticut rivers, the Green Mountain range,
here called Hoosick Mountains. Mount Holyoke, near Northampton, is
near 1,200 feet above the level of the sea, and Wachusett Mountain, in
Princeton, is an elevated peak from 2,000 to 3,000 feet high. Saddle
Mountain in the Taghkannick range, in the northwest corner of the
state, is 4,000 feet high ; and Mount Washington in the same range,
in the southwest corner of the state, is about 3,000 feet high. The
valleys of the Connecticut are fertile, as are also those of the Housa-
tonic.
The principal rivers are the Connecticut, a noble stream, winding for 50
miles across the state ; Housatonic, which rises in Berkshire county, and
flows through the west part of the state : and Merrimac, which rises in
New Hampshire, and has a course of 50 miles in the NE. part of the
state, and enters the ocean below Newburyport. It is navigable for large
vessels to Haverhill, 15 miles. Besides these there are Nashua, Concord,
Taunton, and Blackstone rivers.
Massachusetts has numerous good harbors. There are several impor-
tant islands off the S. shore of this state, to which they belong. The largest
is Nantucket, 15 miles long and 11 broad, and which constitutes a county
of its own name. Martha's Vineyard, W. of Nantucket, is 20 miles long and
from 2 to 10 broad, which with other small islands constitutes Duke's coun-
ty. The shores of Massachusetts are diversified by some bold promontories
and capacious bays. Of the latter, Massachusetts bay, between Cape
Ann on the N. and Cape Cod on the S., is about 40 milos in breadth.
Buzzard's bay is on the SW. side of Cape Cod, and is 20 miles long.
Cape Ann, in the N. part of the state, is a rocky promontory, 15
miles in length. Cape Cod is a peninsula in the SE. part of the
24 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS.
state, extending 75 miles long, and from 2 to 20 broad, with a bend
in the middle, nearly at right angles. The peninsula of JVahant, a
^. t _ -_-,.-,.. - _ few miles north of the harbor of Boston, is
connected with the main land by Lynn beach,
two miles long. It has become, on account
. of its cool breezes and wild sea-views, a place
I of fashionable resort during the summer months.
| Steamboats ply daily in s.ummer from it to
" Boston.
There are in this state 3 colleges, and 2 theological seminaries, viz., Harvard
University, at Cambridge, the oldest and best endowed in the country,
founded in 1638, about 18 years after the first landing on the rock of
Plymouth ; Williams College at Williamstown, founded in 1793 ; and
Amherst College at Amherst, founded in 1821, which has had an unex-
ampled growth. The theological seminary at Andover is under the
direction of the Congregationalists. It was opened for students in the
autumn of 1808. The Baptists have a flourishing theological institution at
Newtown, founded in 1825. There are 260 academies or grammar
schools, and 3,500 common schools in the state.
The government of Massachusetts consists of a governor, lieutenant-
governor, senate, and house of representatives. They are elected annually
by the people. The governor must have resided 7 years in the state, and
own a freehold worth 1,000, and declare his belief in the Christian
religion. The lieutenant governor must possess the same qualifications.
A council of nine persons, besides the lieutenant-governor, are elected
annually by the joint-ballot of the legislature, and not more than two can
be chosen in one congressional district. They rank next to the lieutenant-
governor. The senate consists of 40 members, who must possess a free-
hold of .300, and a personal estate of .600, and must have resided in the
state for 5 years next preceding the election. The house of representa-
tives contains 356 members, who must possess a freehold of 300 pounds in
the town for which he is chosen, or ratable estate to the value of .200.
The judges and various other officers, as attorney-general, &c., are ap-
pointed by the governor and council. The judges hold their offices
during good behavior. The secretary, treasurer, and receiver-general, are
appointed annually by the joint-ballot of both houses of the legislature.
Every male citizen over 21 years of age, (except paupers and persona
under guardianship,) who has resided in the state one year, and in the
town or district in which he claims to vote, six months next preceding
the election, and shall have paid a tax in the commonwealth within two
years, or shall have been exempted from taxation, enjoys the right of
suffrage.
The Plymouth colony was settled by the Puritans, December, 1620. In
1628 the settlements of Salem and Charleston were made, and in 1630
that of Boston. In 1692 these colonies were united under the name of
Massachusetts. The American revolution began at Boston, and this
state bore a prominent part in that great struggle. In convention, this
state voted (February 6th, 1788) to adopt the federal constitution ; yeaa
187, nays 168.
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 25
Mai
New England,!
commercial city in the Union, is situated mostly on a peninsula, 3 miles
long, and a little more than one mile broad, at the head of Massachusetts
bay, and possesses one of the best harbors in the United States. It is ia
42- 21' 23" N. lat., and 71* 4' 9" W,lon. from Greenwich, and 5* 11' 15" E.
from Washington. It is 105 miles from Portland, Me., 214 from New
York, 302 from Philadelphia, 439 from Washington, 985 from Cincinnati,
and 1,809 from New Orleans. The population in 1790, was J8.033, in
1800, 24,937; in 1810, 33,250; in 1820, 43,298; n> 1830,61,391 ; in 1840,
93,338; in 1845,114,366;
The harbor extends from Nantasket to the city, and spreads from
Nahant to Hingham, containing 75 square miles. It is defended by Forts
Warren and Independence, the former of which is on Governor's Island,
and the latter on Castle Island. The inner harbor has a depth of water
sufficient for 500 vessels of the largest class to ride at anchor in safety,
while the entrance is so narrow as scarcely to admit two ships abreast.
Boston consists of three parts, viz., Boston on the peninsula, South
Boston, formerly a part of Dorchester, and east Boston, formerly Noddle's
island. The " Neck" or isthmus, which in early times formed the only
connection of the peninsula with the main land, is over a mile in length,
and still constitutes the main avenue to the city from the south ; but by a
number of extension bridges and artificial avenues, it is connected in
various directions with the surrounding country.
The city exhibits a picturesque and beautiful appearance when ap
proached from the sea ; and in surveying its several parts, the traveller
finds much to admire. The peninsula had originally an uneven surface,
and the place early received the name of Trrmountain, from its three hills,
and their principal eminences on Beacon Hill. These eminences, though
somewhat lowered, rontinue to adorn the city. Beacon Hill, on the W.
part, is 110 feet above high-water mark; it was originally 30 feet higher.
Fort Hill, on the E. side, fronting the harbor, is 80 feet high ; and Copp's
Hill in the N. part, is 50 feet above high water On this hill the British
had a battery in 1775, from which, during the memorable battle of
Bunker Hill, they bombarded and burned Charlestown. South Boston
constituted part of Dorchester until 1804, when, fay an act of the
legislature, it was united to the city. It extends about two miles
along the south side of the harbor. Nearly in the middle of this tract
are Dorchester heights, or Mount Washington, 130 feet above the
sea. On these heights, the Americans under Washington erected a
fortification in 1775, which soon compelled the British to evacuate
Boston.
East Boston is built on Noddle's island. It is connected with the city by
a steam ferry, and with Chelsea, on the main land, by a b.idge 600 feet
26
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS.
long. The eastern railroad commences here. A wharf 1,000 feet long,
called 1 Cunard's wharf, has been granted free of charge for 20 years, for
the use of the Liverpool line of steamships. East Boston has wholly
grown up since 1833, and already constitutes an important part of the
city.
The Common occupies the declivity of Beacon Hill ; it has a pleasantly
diversified surface, and covers a space of 75 acres. The State House oc-
cupies its north part. Boston is generally well built, mostly of brick, and
many of its private residences are elegant. Among the public buildings,
the State House is the principal. It is situated on the summit of Beacon
Hill, 110 feet above the level of the sea, and fronts on the spacious Com-
mon. This edifice is 173 feet long, and 61 wide. The lower story has a
large hall or public walk in the centre, 50 feet square and '20 feet high,
supported by Doric columns. In the middle of the south side of this
story, is a statue of Washington, by Chantry. The rooms above are
the representatives' room, in the centre, 55 feet square ; the senate cham-
ber, 55 feet long, and 33 feet wide, arid 30 feet high, with two screens of
Ionic columns, supporting with their entablature a richly-decorated
arched ceiling. In another part of the building is the council-chamber,
27 feet square. The dome is ascended by a spiral stairway on the inside ;
and from its top is presented a view of the harbor, the bay, and the sur-
rounding country.
Faneuil Hall was erected in 1742, by a gentleman whose name it bears,
and was by him presented to the city. It
was enlarged in 1805, and is now 100 feet
long and 80 wide, and three stories high.
The lower story is occupied by stores. The
great hall in the second story is 76 feet
square and 28 high, with galleries on three
I sides, supported by Doric columns, and the
ceiling is supported by two ranges of Ionic
i columns. The west end is ornamented by a
full length portrait of Washington, by Stu-
_J art; and another of Peter Funeuil, Esq.,
copied from an original picture. Above the great hall, is another in the
third story, 78 feet long and 30 feet wide, devoted to military exercises.
This venerable building has been appropriately called "the cradle of
American liberty." It is the property of the city, and secured by its
charter from ever being devoted to any but public purposes. There are
75 churches in the city. The old State House, at the head of State-street,
was built in 1658 ; it has been twice destroyed by fire, and was the last time
rebuilt in 1747. It was formerly occupied by the state legislature. An
elegant Merchants' Exchange has been recently erected in State-street. It
contains the post-office, a reading-room, &c. Quincy Market is a
splendid edifice, 585 feet long and 50 feet wide ; it is directly east of
Faneuil Hall. The wings are two stories high, and at the E. and W.
ends are five porticoes, of four Grecian Doric columns. The new court-
house, constructed of hewn duincy granite, is 176 feet long, 54 feet
wide, and 57 feet high ; and the N. and S. fronts are adorned with Grecian
Doric porticoes. The interior has four court-rooms, each 50 by 40 feet,
besides various public offices. The Custom-house has an elegant Doric
portico its whole length, and a fine dome in the centre. The houses of
Industry, Correction, and Reformation, are pleasantly situated in South
Boston, near the brow of Dorchester heights, and are surrounded by
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 27
ornamented grounds. The Tremont House is one of the finest hotels in
the United States. There are two theatres in the city.
The Medical Institution of Harvard University is located in Boston,
where its professors reside. It was founded in 1782, has six professors,
157 students, and over 5,000 volumes in its library. The lectures com-
mence on the first Wednesday of November, annually. The Institution for
the Blind has been liberally patronized ; it has a splendid edifice on Mount
Washington, South Boston.
Boston has 106 literary and charitable societies. Among the literary
societies of a high order, is the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,
founded in 1780, which has published four quarto volumes of its transac-
tions, and has a library of over 2,000 volumes. The Massachusetts His-
torical Society was incorporated in 1794. Its collections have been
published in 26 volumes octavo, in which are many valuable papers. Its
library, consisting of books and manuscripts, amounts to over 6,000 articles,
many of them rare and valuable, besides several paintings of distinguished
individuals. The Boston Athenaeum was incorporated in 1837, and has a
library of over 30,000 volumes, a collection of over 2,000 coins and
medals, and a reading-room well furnished with American and foreign
newspapers. The Boston Society of Natural History was instituted in
]830, and has a cabinet and museum. The Boston museum possesses a
rare and valuable collection of curiosities. The Massachusetts hospital,
in the western part of the city, is deserving of notice ; it has a beautiful
edifice, built of granite, and surrounded by grounds highly ornamented
with trees and shrubbery.
There are 36 newspapers published here, of which 12 are daily ; of the
remainder, a portion are semi-weekly and weekly, and others weekly.
Besides newspapers, there are a number of magazines and reviews;
the most distinguished of the latter is the North American Review.
The city is supplied with water brought from Jamaica pond in Rox-
bury, 4 miles from the city, by the Aqueduct Corporation, formed in 1795.
Cars leave Boston twice daily, on each of the railroiMs for Port-
land, (fare $3 ;) for Lowell, (fare 65 cts.,) three times, ana Concord, JV*.
H., (fare $1.75,) twice daily; for Fitchburg three times daily, (fare
$1.25;) for Jllbauy, JV. Y., twice daily, (fare $5 to $6.) Cars leave
daily for New York on fire different routes, (fare $3 to $6.) (see page 66.)
Cars leave twice daily for Providence, (fare $1.25 ;) for New Bedford
(fare $1.50.) and Fall River, (fare $1.45;) and also for Plymouth,
{fare $1 . ) See pages 65, 66, 67.
CHARLESTOWN, one mile north of Boston, is situated on a peninsula,
between Mystic and Charles rivers, and is connected by bridges with
Boston, Cambridge, Chelsea, and Maiden. The streets, although not
regular, are wide, and ornamented with trees. It has a square, around
which a number of the public buildings are situated. It contains a state
prison, the M'Lcan Insane Asylum, an almshouse, a town-house, 3 banks,
a United States navy yard, a marine hospital, and 12 churches. The navy
yard is situated on the north side of Charles river, embracing 60 acres of
ground, enclosed by a wall, within which are erected the warehouse,
arsenal, magazine, ropewalk, dwellings for the officers, &c., all of brick,
and two immense edifices of wood, under which the largest vessels of
war are constructed. Here is a dry-dock of hewn granite, 341 feet long,
80 wide, and 30 feet deep. The M'Lean Insane Asylum is pleasantly
situated on elevated ground ; the buildings are large and commodious,
and attached to the institution are 15 acres of land, handsomely laid out.
28
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS.
and tastefully ornamented. The state prison is NW. of the city, and
consists of four large stone buildings, a chapel, &c., enclosed by a high
wall. Bunker Hill, or more properly, Breed's Hill, is a little north of
Charlestown. On the site of the battle, 62 feet above
the level of the sea, the Bunker Hill Monument has
been erected. The corner-stone was laid by La Fayette,
on the 50th anniversary of the battle, June 17th, J825.
This foundation having been found insufficient, the
corner-stone of the present structure was laid in March,
1827. The monument was completed July 23d, 1842.
i Its form is that of an obelisk, 30 feet square at the base,
H and 16 feet 4| inches at the top. The height from the
Jt base to the top, is 221 feet. It is substantially built of
p hewnQuincy granite. The interior is circular, having a
| diameter of 10 feet 7 inches at the bottom, and of 6
< feet 4 inches at the top, and is ascended by 294 steps.
I At the top is an elliptical chamber, 17 feet high and 11
iSS feet in diameter, with 4 windows. A most beautiful
view is obtained from this apartment, of Boston, its harbor, and the sur-
rounding country. Omnibuses arrive from, and depart for Boston, every
15 minutes daily.
CAMBRIDGE, 3 miles NW. from Boston, consists of three parts Old
Cambridge, the seat of the University ; Cambridge Port, about halfway be-
tween the university and the bridge leading to Boston ; and East Cam-
bridge, formerly Lechmere's Point, opposite to th north part of Boston.
It is one of the oldest towns in New England, incorporated in 1630, by
the name of Newtowa, but eight years after took its present name. It
contains a court-house, jail, state arsenal 3 banks, 16 churches, 2 acade-
mies, and 9,000
inhabitants. It
is the seat of
(s Cambridge Uni-
jjf versity, the old-
|est and best
I endowed insti-
ll tution in the
I Union ; founded
-,,_ -^ - : in!638. Frorna
donation "made to it by the Rev. John Harvard, it was called Harvard College.
Its funds now amount to over halfa million of dollars. It has a president, 29
professors or other instructors, has had 5,942 alumni, has 280 students,
and 68,500 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the fourth
Wednesday in August. The buildings consist of University Hall, an
elegant granite edifice 140 by 50 feet, and 42 feet high, containing a
chapel, 6 lecture-rooms, dining halls, &c. ; Harvard Hall, a brick edifice
108 by 40 feet, containing the library, the philosophical apparatus, and
mineralogical cabinet; and four other buildings, denominated Massa-
chusetts, Hollis, Stoughton, and Holworthy Halls, with rooms for the
accommodation of the students; Holden Chapel, containing the anatomi-
cal museum, chemical laboratory, and lecture-rooms; and three other
edifices for the students. The buildings occupy an enclosed pluin of 14
acres. It has a botanical garden of 8 acres, with a large collection of
trees, plants, and shrubs, native and foreign. The Medical Institution has
6 professors. The lectures commence on the first Wednesday in JNo-
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS.
29
vember. It has a library of over 5,000 volumes. Mount Auburn Cemetery
is in Cambridge, 5 miles from Boston. The
grounds occupy about 70 acres, and are prettily >
diversified with hill and valley, mostly cover- '
ed with a great variety of native trees, and J
planted with ornamental shrubbery. There |
are also several beautiful sheets of water. 1
It has been tastefully laid out with avenues \
and paths. Cambridge was a place of im- *
portance in the early history of the country. *
The first printing-press in America was established here, in 1639, by
Stephen Day. It was long the literary centre round which the affections
of the colonists clustered. Immediately after the battle of Lexington, at
the commencement of the revolutionary war, 20,000 men collected here,
and July 2d, 1775, Gen. Washington arrived and established his head
quarters at this place. Omnibuses arrive from, and depart for Boston
every half hour daily.
ROXBURY, 2 miles south of Boston, is connected with the city by a
neck of land. It contains 16 churches, 2 banks, many beautiful dwellings,
and about 12,000 inhabitants.
LEXINGTON is 11 miles NW. from Boston, and contains 2 churches and
about 50 dwellings. This village is celebrated as the place where the fir^t
blood was shed at the opening of the great drama of the revolution. The
legislature of Massachusetts have caused a monument to be erected on the
gpot where the first victims
fell, to perpetuate the memo- \
ry of the slain, and of this is
event. The engraving is
view from the Concord road : |
the monument is on an eleva j
tion.onthe western side of the (
green; a school-house stood J
there at the time the Britislif
troops fired upon the Ameri-:
cans, on the memorable 19th ot April, 1775. The church stands in the
place of the old one, which was taken down in 1794, when the present
one was erected.
CONCORD lies 17 miles NW. of Boston. It contains a court-house, jail,
a bank, 2 churches, and an academy. Population 1,784. The first blood
of the revolution was shed here on the part of the British. They, after
killing 8 Americans at Lexington, proceeded to this place, where they
were resisted, and two British soldiers killed. A monument records the
event. Cars arrive from, and depart for Boston, (fare 50 cts.~) 3 times
daily, and also for Fitchburg.
SALEM, the largest town in Essex county, is the oldest and largest sea-
port but one in Massachusetts, situated 14 miles NNW. from Boston. It
is, chiefly built on a point of land formed by two inlets from the sea, called
North and South rivers, and contains 18 churches, 9 banks, and 16,000
inhabitants. The public square, containing ten acres, lies in the northern
part of the town, and is almost perfectly level, enclosed and shaded by a
large number of elms. An aqueduct supplies the city with soft spring
water. On a peninsula below the town, are Fort Pickering and Fort Lee,
and on an island there is a light-house. In 1692, the witchcraft delusion
prevailed in Salem, and 19 persons were tried and executed. Cars arrive
30 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS.
from, and depart several times daily for Boston. Jl branch railroad ex-
tends from Salem to Marblehcad, a distance of four miles. Stages leave
for Gloucester daily.
NEWBURYPORT is a port of entry, and one of the principal towns of Essex
county. It is situated 38 miles nortlreast of Boston, on a gentle accli-
vity, on the right bank of the AJerrirnac, at the union of that river with
the ocean. It is considered in point of natural advantages, as well as in its
improvements, one of the most beautiful towns in New England. The
harbor is safe and spacious, but difficult of entrance. It contains a
custom-house, 8 churches, an academy, 4 banks, an almshouse, a lyceum,
and 7,500 inhabitants. Mr. Whitefield, the celebrated preacher, died and
was buried here. A monument in one of the churches records, " that in
his ministry of thirty-four years, he crossed the Atlantic thirteen times,
and preached more than 18,000 sermons." Cars arrive from, and depart
twice daily for Boston, and also for Portland, Me. Stages leave for
Haverhill and Exeter. N. H., 3 times a week.
LOWELL, city, and the semi-capital of Middlesex county, is situated
25 miles iNNW.
from Boston. In
the rapidity of
? its growth, and
| the extent of its
? manufactures,
stJinds un-
jj rivalled in the
United States.
The town was
incorporated in 18:26, and embraces four miles square; the population
then was about 200, and its property valued at about $100,01)0. In
1834, Belvidere village was added to it, and in 1836, it was incorporated
as a city. The water-power of this place is very extensive and easily
available. A canal 60 feet wide and 8 feet deep, commencing at the head
of Pawtucket Falls, supplies the factories with the water of Concord
river. The entire fall is thirty feet. In the factories there are employed
6,430 females, and about 2,200 males. Besides the factories, there are
print-works and bleacheries, and new manufactories are constantly being
added.
Lowell contains 3 banks, a city hall, court-house, market-house, 23
churches, a Mechanics' hall, an hospital belonging to the factories,
several public schools, and 25,000 inhabitants. The Mechanics' Associa-
tion is a flourishing literary society. Besides several newspapers published
here, there is issued monthly a magazine called the " Offering," edited, and
its contributions furnished, by female operatives in the factories, which holds
a very respectable place among the magazines of the day. Cars arrive
from, and depart four times daily for Boston, (fare 65 cts.,} and three
times for Concord, JV". H. Stages leave three times a week for New-
buryport, Worcester , and of so for Brattleboro, Vt.
ANDOVER, 23 miles north from Boston, contains 2 banks, 5 churches,
the Andover Theological Seminary, Philips' Academy, and about 3,000
inhabitants. The Theological Seminary was founded in 1807. It has 5
professors one of sacred literature, one of Christian theology, one of
sacred rhetoric and ecclesiastical history, and one assistant professor 86
students, 965 graduates, and 17,500 volumes in its libraries. Commence-
ment is on the 4th Wednesday of September. Funds to the amount of
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS.
31
$400,000 have been contributed by a few benevolent donors. Philips'
Academy was founded in 1778, and has a fund of $50,000. The number
of students in limited to 130, all of whom study the learned languages.
Cars arrive from, and depart for Boston twice daily.
PLYMOUTH lies 37 miles SE. from Boston, on Plymouth bay. It has the
noble distinction
of being the place
where the "Pil-
grim fathers"
landed, after their j
perilous voyage, |
on the twenty- i
second of Decem- >
ber, 1620, and
also of being the
first town built iu New England, by civiJized man. Plymouth coo-
tains a court-house, 6 churches, 2 banks, 2 academies, and about
5,500 inhabitants. The rock on which the Pilgrims landed has been con-
veyed to the centre of the village. The anniversary of the landing is
celebrated annually. In Pilgrim Hall is a large painting representing
the landing from the Mayflower the chair of Governor Carver the sword-
blade of Capt. Miles Standish, and other curiosities. Cars arrive from,
and depart twice daily for Boston, (fare $1.) Stages leave three times
a week for Barnstable, for Falmouth, for New Bedford, and for Taunton.
NEW BEDFORD, a port of entry, and the semi-capital of Bristol coun-
ty, is 56 miles
south of Bos-
ton. Population ^
15,000. It is on g
the west side of *
an arm of the |
sea which sets
up from Buz- {_
zard's bay. The |
ground rises rap- '
idly from the water, and presents a fine appearance when approached
from the sea. A wooden bridge and causeway, three-fourths of a mile long,
connects it with Fairhaven. It contains a jail, court-house, 4 banks, a
savings institution, and 18 churches. The harbor is safe and com-
modious, but not easy of access. The whale fishery is extensively carried
on here. There is a Friends' academy exclusively devoted to the educa-
tion of females. As early as the year 1764, we find the settlers of the
village of Bedford sending out small craft in search of the greasy monsters,
some of which reached as far south as the Falkland Islands. Twice has
the whale fishery been interrupted by war with Britain, but vigorously
and successfully renewed as often, and is now continually increasing.
The vessels engaged in the fishery amount to 22{), all ships but four, having
on board 6,000 seamen. Cars arrive from, and depart twice daily for
Boston, (fare $1.50.) Steamboats leave daily for Nantucket; stages
3 times a week for Providence, for Newport, and also for Barnstable, via
Sandwich.
TAUNTON, semi-capital of Bristol county, 36 miles south of Boston,
is pleasantly situated at the head of navigation on Taunton river. The
village contains a court-house, a town house, 9 churches, 3 banks,
32
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS.
and 8,000 inhabitants. Iron works were established here in 1652. Cars
arrive from, and depart twice daily for Boston, and for New Bedford,
and also for Fall River.
FALL RIVER, Bristol county, Massachusetts, is 53 miles south from
Boston. Watuppa Pond, 2 miles east of the village, is 11 miles long and
1 broad, and constitutes by its outlet, Fall River. This river, which ia
an unfailing stream, descends 140 feet in 80 rods, creaiing an immense
water power. It enters Taunton river on the east side, at its entrance into
Mount Hope buy, producing a fine harbor, navigable for the largest ships.
It is safe and easy of access. The village contains 13 churches, 2 banks,
several factories, and 7,000 inhabitants. A steamboat plies daily to Prov-
idence, R. I. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Boston, (fare $1.45J
WORCESTER, capital of the county of the same name, is 44 miles west
by south from Boston. This village is one of the finest and largest of the
inland towns of New England. It contains a court-house, 4 banks, 7
churches, and 7,500 inhabitants. The hall of
the American Antiquarian Society has a cen-
, tral building, 46 feet long and 36 feet wide,
\ with a neat Doric portico ; and two wings, 28
t feet long and 21 feet wide. It has a library of
12,000 volumes, containing many rare and
valuable works relating to American history,
and interesting specimens of early printing, nearly half of them dona-
tions from Isaiah Thomas, Esq., its first president, and author of the
"' History of Printing." The Massachusetts Lunatic Asylum, is a com-
modious building. Cars arrive from, and depart several times daily fitr
Boston; also for Albany, via Springfield; New Haven, via Springfie.d
and Hartford ; Allan's Point, via Norwich ; and Providence, via Woon-
socket Falls. Slaves leave 3 times a week for Lowell ; for Nashua,
N. //., via Fitchburg; for Keene, N. H. ; for Brattleboro, Vt. % and for
Greenfield, Mass.
SPRINGFIELD, capital of Hampden county, is on the left bank of the Con-
necticut river,
26 miles north
from Hartford,
. 98 west from
Boston. Popula-
fl_ lion li. OOo. The
main street ex-
tends along the
k. river between 2
and three miles.
The houses are well built, and many of them elegant. The town contains
a court-house, jail, 8 churches, two banks, and one of the most extensive
United States arsenals of construction in the country. The armory is situ-
ated on elevated ground, half a mile east of the village. The buildings
are very extensive, of brick, and admirably arranged for the manufacture
and storage of fire-arms. The establishment has 250 workmen, and com-
pletes 45 muskets daily. The water-power here employed is owned by
the United States. It operates upon 18 water-wheels. A steamboat plies
from Springfield to Hartford daily. Cars arrive from, and depart for
Boston, for New Hirev, for Albany, and for Northampton, twice datty.
Stages leave for Norwich, Ct., 3 times a week.
JVoRTHAMPTON, capital of Hampshire county, is 93 miles west from
STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 33
Boston. Population 3,700. The village is on the right bank of Con-
necticut river, and is regarded as one of the most pleasant for residence
in New England. Round Hill, a considerable elevation in the west part
of the village, is the seat of the celebrated Round Hill Seminary, on the
plan of a German gymnasium. The village contains a court-house, a
town-hall, Shanks, aad ti churches. The Female Seminary here, is pa-
tronized from all parts of the United States. The scenery around is
highly picturesque, including the beautiful valley of the Connecticut, and
Mount Holyoke, 830 feet high, on the opposite side of the river, whose
top affords one of the finest views in this part of the United States. Cars
arrive from, and depart for Springfield, several times daily. Stages
leave daily for the White Mountains, via Greenfield. Brattleboro, Ft. t
Bellows' Falls, frc. ; and also fur Albany, JV. Y.
AMHERST, 82 miles west from Boston, contains 3 churches, a bank,
an academy, and 2,500 inhabitants. Amherst College was founded in
1821, and incorporated in 1825. It has a president, 11 professors or
other instructors, 662 alumni, 142 students, and 15,000 volumes in its
libraries. The philosophical apparatus is very complete, and it has a
valuable cabinet of natural history, including mineralogy. Commence-
ment on the fourth Thursday in July. Stages leave daily for Springfield,
and 3 times a week for Northampton, and also for Worcester.
GREENFIELD, 92 miles WNW. from Boston, is situated on the right
bank of the Connecticut river, and contains a court-house, a town-house,
a bank, 5 churches, the Greenfield Institute for males, the Greenfield High-
school for young ladies, and about 150 dwellings. Stages leave daily for
Northampton and also for Brattleboro* Vt., and 3 times a week for
Fitchburg, and also for Albany, via Williamstown.
WILLIAMSTOWN is 131 miles west by north from Boston. The village is
on uneven ground, and contains a church, an academy, the buildings of
Williams College, and about 50 dwellings. Williams College was founded
in 1793. It has a president and 7 professors, 967 alumni, 144 students, and
7,500 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the third Wed-
nesday in August. Stages pass through the village 3 times a week from
Pittsfield, from Greenfield, and from Bennington, Vt.
PITTSFIELD, 151 miles from Boston, 33 from Albany, is situated on the
Housatonic river, which here affords an immense hydraulic power, giving
motion to several mills and manufactories. The village contains five
churches, a bank, and the Berkshire Medical Institution, founded in
1823, having 5 professors, 100 students, and 500 graduates; the lectures
commence on the first Thursday in September. Cars pass through this
place twice daily for Boston, via Springfield ; and for Albany, JV. Y.
NANTUCKET is situated on an island of the same nnme, 30 miles from
the main shore, and 109 SSE. from Boston. It has a good harbor, nearly
land-locked by two projecting beaches. About 150 vessels belong to this
port, and are nearly all engaged in the whale fishery. The village is com-
pactly built, and contains a court-house, 9 churches, 3 banks, an atheneum,
with a neat edifice, and a library of over 2,000 volumes, a museum, and
the Coffin School. This school was endowed by its founder, Admiral Sir
Isaac Coffin, of the British navy, with a building and .2*500 sterling for
its support. A steamboat pl>'es daily to JVetc Bedford via Holmes' Hole, Src.
Hopkinton Mineral Spring is 77 miles from Boston, and 3 miles from the
depot at Westborough ; the waters contain carbonic acid, and carbonate of
Jime. and iron. There is a large and commodious hotel, near Whitehall
Pond at this place.
34
STATE OF RHODE ISLAND.
RHODE ISLAND is the smallest state in the Union.
^ being about 49 miles long and 29 broad, containing 1,360
^square miles, of which Narragansett bay includes 130;
md the whole state contains but 870,400 acres. Popu-
lation in 1840, 108,830.
This state on the north and west is hilly and broken,
>ut becomes gradually level towards the sea. The
'islands in Narragansett bay are distinguished by their
pleasing and diversified scenery and fertile soil. The
climate is healthy, particularly on the islands, where the sea-breezes have
the effect not only of mitigating the heat in summer, but moderating the
cold in winter, and rendering the climate truly delightful. The rivers,
though not large, furnish many fine mill-seats, which are extensively used
for manufacturing purposes. The principal are Pawtucket, Providence.
Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, and Wood rivers. Narragansett bay is a fine
body of water, and contains a number of beautiful and fertile islands.
Among them is Rhode Island, which gives name to the state.
The government consists of a governor, a senate, and house of repre-
sentatives. The governor and lieutenant-governor are appointed annually
by the people. The senate consists of the lieutenant governor and one
member from each town or city in the state. The house of representa-
tives consists of 69 members, and cannot exceed 72. The judicial power
is vested in a supreme court, and such inferior courts as the General As-
sembly shall from time to time establish. Every person who is a citizen
of the United States, of the age of 21 years, who has resided in the state
one year, and in the county six months in which he offers his vote, is a
legal voter, under the following regulations: 1st, all citizens native or
naturalized, without regard to color, who are possessed of a freehold of
$134, or renting for $7 per annum ; 2d, all native citizens, without regard
to color, who either p;iy a property tax of one dollar or n voluntary
registry tax of one dollar. A residence at any garrison or naval station in
the state does not give a legal residence.
Brown University was founded at Warwick in 1764, but removed to
Providence in 1770. It, is under the direction of the Baptists. There are
in the state 55 academies or grammar schools, and 500 common schools.
Rhode Island was first, settled by Roger Williams in 1636. It was the
last of the old thirteen states that adopted the constitution of the United
Slates, which it did May 20th, 1790, by a majority of two votes.
WOONSOCKET FALLS, 15 miles NNW. from Providence, is situated at
the falls of Blackstone river. The village is partly in Smithfield. On the
Cumberland side it contains 6 churches and 2 banks. It has a great
number of factories, and about 4,000 inhabitants. The Blackstone eanni
passes through the village. Cars pass through it daily from Provi-
dence and Worcester. Stages leave for Boston 3 times a week
STATE OF RHODE ISLAND. 35
BRISTOL lies 18 miles S. by E. from Providence, on a branch of Narragan-
cett bay. It contains a court-house, market-house, 2 banks, 5 churches,
and about 3,000 inhabitants. Mount Hope lies about 2 miles northeast
from the court-house. This was in early times the favorite residence of
King Philip, the celebrated Pequod chief, so formidable an enemy of the
colonists. From its summit a beautiful view is obtained of the bay and
the surrounding country. Steamboats ply daily to and from Providence.
PROVIDKNCE, city, and one of the capitals of the state, is situated at
the head of Narragansett bay, on the Seekonk or Providence river, 35
miles from the ocean, and is in 41 49' 22" N. lat., and 71 24' 48" W. Ion.
It is 42 miles SSW. from Boston, 173 east from New York, and 396 from
Washington. Population 32,000. The compact part of the city lies on
both sides of the river, and is connected by two bridges, one of which is
90 feet wide. The principal wholesale business is done on the east side.
The Blackstone canal terminates here. Among the public buildings are,
the State House,
City Hall, Ar-
cade, 21 banks,
the state prison, =
hospital, a thea- 1
tre, the custom-
house, atheneun. !
33 churches, the|
halls of Brown =
University, a high
school, and several public schools. The buildings of Brown University
occupy a commanding situation on Prospect-street, at the head of
College-street, on the east side of the river. It has a president and 8
professors, 1,690 alumni, 140 stude^s, and 25,000 volumes in its libraries.
The commencement is on the first Wednesday in September. It has an
extensive philosophical and chemical apparatus ; and the cabinets of
mineralogy and natural history are very complete. The Friends' Boarding
School, three-quarters of a mile northeast from the University, is a
flourishing institution, with 10 instructors and 200 pupils. The Atheneum,
founded in 1836, has a handsome granite building and 12,000 volumes in
its library. The town was settled in 1636 by Roger Williams, who fled
from Massachusetts on account of his religious opinions, and who adopted
the principles of universal toleration. Steamboats arrive from, and
depart daily for New York, (fare 2 to $3,) and for Newport, and also for
Fall River, Mass. Cars leave daily fur Boston, (fare $1.25,) and for
Stonington, and also for Worcester, via Woonsocket Falls. Stages ar-
rive from, and depart daily for Newport, and also for New Btdford* via,
Fall river ; and 3 times a week for Hartford.
NEWPORT, the capital of Newport county, and one of the capitals of
the state, is situated on the SW. side of Rhode Island, 71 miles SW.
from Boston. The harbor, enclosed by Brenton's Point on the SW.
and Goat Island in front, is safe, and has a depth of water sufficient for the
Jargest ships. The harbor is defended by forts Adams and Green. The
town is beautifully situated, being built on a gentle acclivity, which rises
gracefully from the water. Its healthful climate, pleasing scenery, and
the cooling sea-breezes, have rendered it a favorite summer resort. It
contains a state-house, market-house, theatre, almshouse, a library con-
taining over 4,000 volumes, many of them rare old folios, 3 academies, 7
baa&s, 13 churches, and 9,000 inhabitants. Newport is unrivalled in its
36
STATE OF CONNECTICUT.
fish market, having nearly 60 different kinds of scale and shell fish, and in
grent abundance. Steamboats arrive, from, and depart daily for JWzo
York, and also for Providence, and '3 times a week for New Bedford.
PAWTUCKET, four miles north of Providence, is situated on both sides
of Puwtucket river. It is a large and v flourishing manufacturing village,
and contains 9 churches, 3 banks, 12 cotton factories, and about 6,000
inhabitants.
CONNECTICUT, the southernmost of the eastern
states, lies between 41 and 42 2' N. lat., and 71 20*
and 73 15' W. Ion. It contains 4,674 square miles,
} or 2,291,360 acres. Pop. in 1840, 300,015.
Though generally hilly and broken, no part of the
f" surface rises to a great elevation above the sea. The
'greatest elevation is a range of mountains commencing
" at a bluff called East Rock, near New Haven, and
continuing northward through the state. The hills are generally of mod-
erate size, and occur in quick succession, in ranges trending northward,
presenting to the travelle? an ever varying prospect. The soil is generally
fertile, but better adapted to grazing than tillage.
The three principal rivers are the Connecticut, navigable for vessels
drawing eight feet of water, 50 miles to Hartford, crossing the state nearly
in the middle, and entering the Sound between Saybrook and Lyme ; the
Housatqnic, navigable for small vessels 12 miles to Derby, and entering
the Sound between Milford and Stratford; the Thames, navigable 14
miles to Norwich, and entering the Atlantic at New London. Farmington
and Naugatuck are considerable streams, furnishing extensive water-
power. The principal seaports are New London, New Haven, and
Bridgeport. Long Island Sound extends the whole length of the state.
This state has 3 colleges : Yale College, at New Haven, one of the
oldest, and also the most flourishing institution of the kind in the United
States ; Washington College, at Hartford ; and the Wesleyan University,
at Middletown. There are in the state 130 academies, and 1,700 common
and primary schools. Connecticut has a larger school fund than any of
the other states, amounting to about $2,000,000.
The government is vested in a governor, lieutenant-governor, who is
president of the senate, and a senate and house of representatives. The
senate consists of not less than 18, nor more than 24 members. Most of
the towns choose two representatives ; some, of Jess population, but one.
The sessions of the legislature are held annually, alternately at Hartford
and New Haven. The Supreme Court consists of five judges, appointed
by the legislature, who hold their offices during good behavior, or until
they are 70 years of age.
8TATE OF CONNECTICUT. 37
The colony of Connecticut was settled in 1633, at Windsor, by emi-
grants from Massachusetts, who penetrated through the wilderness. Hart-
ford was settled by the English in 1635, the Dutch having previously built
a fort there. The colony at New Haven was settled by the English in
1638. By a charter granted by Charles II., in 1665, these colonies were
united. During the tyranny of Andros, an attempt was made to procure
a surrender of the charter. The subject was publicly debated in the
evening, at Hartford, when suddenly the candles were extinguished, and
the charter was hid in the hollow of an oak tree, which has become
famous since as the Charter Oak. This charter continued to be the basis
of the government until the year 1818. The constitution of the United
States was adopted in a convention, January 9, 1788 ; yeas 128, nays 40.
NEW HAVEN, the capital of New Haven county, and semi-capital of
the state, is beautifully situated round the head of a bay which sets up
four miles from Long Island Sound. Population in 1840, ] 2,960.
It lies on a plain with a gentle inclination towards the water, skirted in
other directions by an amphitheatre of hills, two of which present at
their termination bold bluffs which rise almost perpendicularly to the
height of 370 feet. From these elevations a fine view of the surrounding
country may be had, including in its range the Sound, which is here 20
miles wide. The city extends about three miles from east to west, and
two miles from north to south, and is laid out with regularity. The
public square, shaded with elms, is one of the finest in the country. The
State House, a large and well-constructed building of the Grecian Doric
order, is on the western portion of the square, and on the west side, facing
the east, is the fine range of buildings belonging to Yale College. The
houses of the city are generally built of wood, neatly painted white, and
surrounded by gardens ornamented with shrubbery and fruit trees. As a
place for a quiet and elegant residence, it is unsurpassed. The city con-
tains 20 churches, a custom-house, an almshouse, a museum, 3 banks, and
a savings insti-
tution. But the
most important
public institution
is Yale College. \
It was founded
at Killingworfh, jj
in 1701, and per- j
manently estab- j
lished at New ______- ,
Haven in 1717. There are four college halls, J 04 feet long by 40 feet
wide, and four stories high. There is also another hall for theological
students, and three other buildings, denominated the chapel, the lyceum,
and the atheneum. In the rear of the main buildings is another range,
consisting of a chemical laboratory, the Commons' hall, which has in its
second story the most complete mineralogical cabinet in the United
States, and a building containing a fine collection of paintings by Col.
Trumbull and others. A short distance from these are the buildings de-
votod to the law and medical departments. Yale College has a greater
number of students than any other college in the United States. It has a
president and 31 professors, 394 students, 5,463 alumni, and 34,500 volumes
in its libraries. The commencement is on the third Thursday in August,
The Medical Institute of Yale College, founded in 1810, has 6 professor*.
34 students, and 810 graduates. Lectures commence six weeks after the
38 STATE OF CONNECTICUT.
Jiird Thursday in August. There are in this city 11 select schools for
males, 10 seminaries for females, 2 Lancasterian schools, besides many others.
New Haven was settled in 1638. In July, 1779, the British under Gen.
Tryon had possession of the town for a few days, and committed many
outrages. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for New York. Cars
leave daily for Boston via Hartford and Springfield. Stages leave daily
for New York, via Bridgeport ; 3 times a week for New London ; for
Middletown ; for Farmington ; and for Litchfield.
HARTFORD, capital of Hartford county, and semi-capital of the state, is
situated on the right bank of Connecticut river, at the head of sloop
navigation, 50 miles from its mouth. Population in 1840, 9,468.
Among the public buildings, the State House, standing on a public
square fronting Main-street, is conspicuous. It is of the Doric order of
architecture, 114 feet long, and, with the porticoes, 76 feet wide. The
legislature meets here on each alternate year. The City Hall, fronting on
Market-street, is a large and commodious building. Washington College
occupies an elevated position, in the southwest part of the city. Its main
building is 148 feet long, 43 wide, and 4 stories high. This institution,
founded in 1824, has a president and 7 professors or other instructors,
257 alumni, 80 students, and 6,500 volumes in its libraries. The com-
mencement is on the first Thursday in August. It is under the direction
of the Episcopalians. The American Asylum for the Instruction of the
Deaf and Dumb, was the first institution of the kind established in the
United States. Its principal building is 130 feet long, 50 feet wide, and
4 stories high. Attached to it are eight or ten acres of land. The Re-
treat for the Insane is located 1 miles southwesterly from the 'State
House: the situation is elevated, and overlooks a wide extent of in-
teresting scenery. The grounds around the buildings are handsomely
laid out in walks ornamented with shrubbery and extensive gardens.
The main bnilding is 254 feet square and 3 stories high, with wings 2
stories high, each 70 feet long and 30 feet wide. The Atheneum is an ele-
gant edifice of the Gothic order, on Main-street. The " Charter Oak,"
which is still vigorous, deserves mention as an object of interest. Hart-
ford contains 13 churches, 5 banks, 2 markets, and an arsenal. The first
settlement here was made by the Dutch from New York, in 1633. Steam-
boats arrive from, and depart daily for New York. Cars leave daily
for Albany via Springfield, Mass., for Boston* and for New Haven.
Stages leave daily for Litchfield, and also for Poughkeepsie, N. Y., via
Canaan ; 3 times a week for Providence, R. I. ; for Norwich, New Lon-
don, and also New Haven, via Middletown.
NEW LONDON, city, and port of entry, and semi-capital of New London
county, is 54 miles east from New Haven and 120 from New York. It is
on the right bank of Thames river, 3 miles from hs mouth, and is built on
a declivity which descends to the south and east. Back of the city the
ground rises to a considerable height, from the elevated parts of which a
fine view is obtained of the surrounding country. It contains a court-
house, a custom-house, 3 banks, an almshouse, 2 markets, 9 churches, and
7,000 inhabitants. The harbor is the best in the state, easy of access, spacious,
and safe, having a depth of water for the largest ships of war. There are
belonging to this place 50 ships and several smaller vessels engaged in the
whale fishery. In September, 1781, a large portion of the city was burned
by the British under Arnold. Fort Griswold, in Groton, was captured,
and a large part of the garrison massacred. A granite obelisk, 125 feet
high, erected near the spot, commemorates the event ; and on a tablet are
STATE OF CONNECTICUT. 39
inscribed the names of those who fell. Steamboats leave daily for New
York. Steamboats in connection with cars leave daily for Boston via
Norwich and Worcester, Mass. Stages leave 3 times a week for Ston-
ington ; for Providence, R. L ; for Hartford ; and also for New
Haven.
NORWICH, serai-capital of New London county, is situated at the
junction of the Yantic and Shetucket rivers with the Thames. The city
is built on a steep acclivity, the houses on each street, as you ascend,
overlooking those on the streets below. It is at the head of navigation
on the Thames river, and has a court-house, town-house, 4 banks, 8
churches, 3 academies, and about 5,000 inhabitants. The falls of the
Yantic are singularly wild and picturesque. From a high projecting rock
which overhangs the foot of those falls, the Mohegan warriors plunged to
destruction, when pursued by the Narragunsetts. The town formerly be-
longed to the Mohegan Indians, the burial place of whose kings is still to
be seen here. Cars arrive from, and depart for Boston daily, and steam-
boats leave daily for New York. Stages leave 3 times a week for Hart-
ford, and for Springfield, Mass.
STONINGTON, 71 miles from New Haven, is situated on a rocky point of
land, which projects about half a mile into the Sound. It has a good
harbor, and contains 2 churches, 2 academies, a bank, and about 1,000
inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for New York.
Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Boston via Providence. Stages
leave 3 times a week for New London, New Haven, <$-c.
Stafford Springs are situated on a small branch of Willimantic river,
24 miles northeast from Hartford. They have been pronounced by
chemists to be the most efficacious chalybeate springs in the United States.
There are two distinct springs, one of which contains " a solution of iron,
sustained by carbonic acid gas, a portion of marine salt, some earthy
substances, and what has been called natron, or a native alkali.'" The
other contains " a large portion of hydrogen gas, of sulphur, and a small
proportion of iron." Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Hartford
during the watering season.
MIDDLETOWN is on the right bank of Connecticut river, and at the head
of ship navigation. There are in the city, a court-house, a custom-
house, 3 banks, 8 churches, the Wesleyan University, 3 academies, and
about 4,000 inhabitants. The Wesleyan University, under the direction of
the Methodists, was founded in 1831. It has a president and 8 professors,
221 alumni, 105 students, and 1,100 volumes in its libraries. The com-
mencement is on the first Wednesday in August. It has a valuable
philosophical apparatus, and mineralogical cabinet. Steamboats arrive
from, and depart daily for Hartford and New York. Stages leave three
times a week for Hartford, for New Haven, and for Say brook.
BRIDGEPORT, Fairfield county, situated on the west side of an arm of
Long Island Sound, is 17 miles WSW. from New Haven, and 62 NE.
from New York, and contains 5 churches, 2 banks, several extensive
manufactories, and about 4.000 inhabitants. Steamboats ply daily to and
from New York. Cars leave daily for Mbany via New Milford, Canaan,
Great Barrington, Mass.. &c., frc.
LiTCHfiELD, 33 miles west from Hartford, is pleasantly situated on the
summit of a hill, and contains a court-house, 2 churches, an academy, a
bank, and about 800 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Hartford; 3
times a week for New Haven ; for Cornwall ; and for New Milford.
40
STA.TE OF NEW YORK.
NEW YORK is situated between 40 30 and 45
1 00' N. lat., and between 71 56' and 79 56' W. Jon..
T and contains an area of 46,000 square miles. Eopula-
S lion 1840, 2,428,921 ; 1845, 2,584,365.
Physical features. This state is divided into three
unequal parts, by two great valleys, viz. : First, the
valley of the Hudson, including the depression in which
Lake Champlain is situated or more properly the val-
^s of the Hudson and of Champlain united : Second,
jf the valleys of the Mohawk and Oneida lake and Os-
- wego river united. The eastern division is a long
narrow belt extending from New York Island to the
nead ot .Lake Uhamplain. Its eastern limits are the borders of Con-
necticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont, with a slope westward to the
Hudson, traversed longitudinally by several narrow valleys. This division
comprehends the western slope of the Taghkanic Mountains, which form
the water-shed that separates the waters flowing into the Hudson from
those which flow into Long Island Sound. The north division of the state
is traversed by the Clinton range. There are several subordinate ranges
connected with this group. It begins at Little Falls, in the valley of
the Mohawk, and pursues a northeast course across the country to
Trembleau Point, on the west shore of Lake Champlain. There are
numerous lofty peaks, which form a remarkable group, and have been
styled the Adirondack Mountains. Mount Marcy, the highest of the
range, attains to an elevation 5,467 feet above the sea. This ridge pre-
sents the water-shed of the region, dividing the waters of the Hudson, or
those winch flow south into the Atlantic, from those which flow into the
Gulf of St. Lawrence. The south division is situated between Luke
Ontario and the Mohawk and the Hudson valleys, and Pennsylvania. It
rises with a gradual ascent until it reaches its maximum height near the
southern boundary of the state. The southeastern part of this division is
comprised in three ranges, viz. : the Highlands, broken through by the
Hudson; the Shawangunk ; and the Catskill.
The principal rivers are the Hudson, 324 miles long, navigable 156
miles to Troy : the Mohawk, 135 miles long, which enters the Hudson a
little above Troy ; the Genesee, 125 miles long, which enters Lake On-
tario, having at Rochester, 5 miles from its mouth, two falls of 96 and 75
feet ; Black river, which rises near the sources of the Hudson, and flows
120 miles into Lake Ontario ; the Saranac, 65 miles long, entering Lake
Champlain at Plattsburg ; the Oswegatchie, 100 miles, flowing into the
St. Lawrence ; the Oswego, proceeding 40 miles from Oneida Lake into
Lake Ontario ; the Au Sable, rising in the Adirondack Mountains, and
having a course of 75 miles to Lake Champlain. The majestic St
STATE OF NEW YORK. 41
Lawrence forms a part of the northern boundary of the state. The head
branches of the Susquehanna, the Alleghany, and the Delaware, rise in
this state.
Besides lakes Ontario and Erie on the N.. andChamplain on the E., which
are but partly within it, there are wholly within the state many picturesque
sheets of water viz., Lakes George, Oneida, Skaneateles, Owasco, Cayuga.
Seneca, Crooked lake, Canandaigua, and Chautauque.
The islands belonging to New York are Long Island, 120 miles long
from W. to E., with an average width of about 15 miles, within whose
waters on the east are Fisher's, Shelter, Robin's, and some other islands ;
Staten Island, southwest of the harbor of New York, 18 miles long and
8 wide; Manhattan Island, on which the city of New York stands, 13$
miles long and about H wide at an average breadth ; Grand Island, in
Niagara river, 12 miles long and from 2 to 7 wide, and extending to within
a short distance of the falls.
The harbor of New York is one of the finest in the United States. On
the bar at Sandy Hook, it has a depth of from 21 to 27 feet Sag Harbor,
on the E., and Brooklyn on the W. end of Long Island, have good harbors.
Sacketts Harbor has a good natural, and Oswego a good artificial harbor,
on Lake Ontario. Buffalo and Dunkirk are harbors on Lake Erie.
This state has a number of highly respectable literary institutions:
Columbia College, (formerly King's,) founded in New York in 1754;
Union College, at Schenectady, founded in 1795 ; Hamilton College, iu
Clinton, founded in 1812; Geneva College, in Geneva, founded in 1823;
the University of the City of New York, founded in 1831 ; St. John's Col-
lege, at Fordham, founded in 1841 ; the Hamilton Literary and Theologi-
cal Seminary, founded in 1819 ; the Theological Institute of the Episco-
pal Church, founded in 1819, in the city of New York; the Union
Theological Seminary, connected with the University, founded in 1826 ;
the Theological Seminary, at Auburn, founded in 1821 ; the Hartwick
Seminary, founded at Hartwick, in Otsego county, in 1816; the Theologi-
cal Seminary of the Associate Reformed Church, founded at Newburg, in
1836 ; the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in the city of New York,
founded in 1807 ; the Albany Medical College, founded in 1839. There
are in the state 550 academies, and 12,000 common and primary schools.
The governor is elected biennially. He must be 30 years of age, be a
native-born citizen of the United States, and have resided five years
in the state. The lieutenant-governor is elected in like manner, and
must possess similar qualifications. He is president of the senate ; and
in case of the disqualification, absence, or death of the governor, discharges
the duties of that office. The senate consists of 32 members, who are
chosen for 2 years, one-half of whom are elected annually. The as-
sembly consists of 128 members, elected annually. The secretary of state,
comptroller, treasurer, and attorney- general, are elected biennially; as are
the engineer and surveyor. The judges hold their offices during a term of
eight years, and are elected by the people. Every male white citizen 21
years of nge, who has resided one year in the state, and for four months
preceding the election in the county where he offers his vote, enjoys the
right of suffrage. Persons of color, who have resided three years in the
state, and who possess a freehold of $250, and have held it one year
previous to the election, and paid a tax upon it, are allowed the right of
suffrage.
In 1G09, Hendrick Hudson, an English navigator, serving the Dutch
East India Company, discovered Hudson river, and in 1614 some Dutch
42 STATE OF NEW YORK.
merchants built a fort where the city of New York now stands. The
state passed into the possession of the English in 1664, who governed
it down to the revolution, with the exception of a single year. On the
26th of July, 1788, this state in convention adopted the constitution of the
United States ; yeas 30, nays 25.
NEW YORK, the metropolis of North America, and the second com
mercial city on the globe, is situated on Manhattan Island, at the con-
fluence of the Hudson with the East river or strait of Long Island
Sound, in lat. 40 42' 40", Ion. 74 00' 41" W. from Greenwich. Its
harbor is safe, spacious, easy of access, and capable of accommodating
the united navies of the world. The harbor occupies a wide circuit of
twenty-five miles, everywhere bounded with variegated scenery, villages,
and country seats, and embosoms several beautiful islands. New York
has communication, by steam and sailing pockets, to all the principal sea-
ports of America, Europe, Africa, Asia, East and West Indies, and the
Islands of the Pacific. Its progress in population, commerce, and
wealth, has no parallel. Population in 1790 was 33,131 ; in 1800, 00,489 ;
in 1810, 96,373; in 1820, 123,706; in 1830, 202,589; in 1840, 312,710;
in 1845, 371,223.
The streets were originally laid out according to the surface of the
ground, and some of them were crooked ; but in later times they have
been widened and improved. No city can exhibit a more beautiful plan
than the northern portion of New York. Principal Inisiness streets : Broad-
way extends from the Battery nearly three miles to Union Square. It is
80 feet wide, and occupies the height between the two rivers. It is well
built, with many fine houses and stores. Being the great promenade of
the city, it is much resorted to in pleasant weather by the gay and
fashionable. Pearl-street, between Broadway and the East river, is in
a crescent form, over a mile long, and is the principal seat of the whole-
sale drygoods and hardware business, which has also extended into Cedar.
Pine, and other adjacent streets. Water and Front streets, between
Pearl-street and the East river, are occupied chiefly by wholesale grocers,
commission merchants, and mechanics connected with the shipping
business. South-street, extending along the margin of East river, con-
tains the warehouses and offices of the principal shipping merchants.
In front of it is, at all times, a dense forest of masts. Wall-street extends
from Broadway to the East river, and is occupied by banks, insu-
rance offices, newspaper and brokers' offices, the Custom-house, Mer-
chants' Exchange, and many fine. granite buildings, and is the centre of
the heaviest money transactions m America. The Bowery is a wide and
extensive street east of Broadway, running north and south, connected
\yith the third avenue, which is, macadamized to Harlem, and forms the
principal entrance to the city from the northeast.
PUBLIC SQUARES, '&&.- T/ie Battery, at the southeastern end of the
STATE OF NEW YORK. 43
island, is situated at the junction of the Hudson and East rivers. It is in
the form of a crescent, and contains about 11 acres of ground, tastefully
laid out, and from it is obtained a fine view of the bay, with its islands,
and the adjacent shores. Castle Garden is built on a mole, and con-
nected with the Battery by a bridge. It was originally erected as a
fortification, and having become unnecessary for that purpose, was ceded
by the United States to the corporation of the city, in 1823. It has been
covered by a roof converting it into an immense room, which is used for
exhibitions, &c. The Bowling Green, at the southern termination of
Broadway, is an elliptical area, 220 feet long and 140 broad, containing a
fountain supplied by the Croton water-works, and is enclosed by an
iron railing. It was established before the revolution, and formerly con-
tained a leaden statue
George III,, which was
converted into bullets at J
that period. The Park, \
called in early times the
Commons, is a triangular 1
area of lOf acres, lying j
between Broadway, Chat-f
ham, and Chambers streets. I
It contains the City Hall,
the city buildings, or old I
Almshouse, the Hall of<
Records, and Rotunda for ^
the exhibition of paintings. It has also, towards its south part, a public
fountain, within a basin 100 feet in diameter, the water of which ascends
in a single stream to the height of 70 feet. St. John's Park in Hudson-
street, containing about four acres of ground, is beautifully laid out with
walks, shaded with trees, and embellished with a fountain. Washington
Square, a mile and a half north of the City Hall, between Fourth- street
n nd Waverley Place, contains about ten acres of ground. Two-thirds of
this area was the Potter's Field until 1827. It is tastefully laid out with
walks and shaded with trees. Union Square^ at the northern termination
of Broadway, is in an elliptical form, enclosed with a fine iron fence,
having a public fountain in the centre, with ornamental jets. Tompkins
Square, in the northeast part of the city, is a large and ornamented
ground. Grammercy Park, between the Third and Fourth avenues, is
small, but very tastefully laid out, and ornamented with trees, shrubbery,
&c. Madison, Bloomingdal,e, and Hamilton squares are very extensive
grounds, but not yet regulated.
The city of New York has many superb public buildings. The
most splendid of these is the Merchants' Exchange, which covers the
whole space between Wall, William, Exchange, and Hanover streets.
It is built in the most substantial form, of duincy granite, and is 200
feet long by 171 to 144 feet wide, 77 feet high to the top of the cor-
nice, and 124 to the top of the dome. The front on Wall street has
a recessed portico of eighteen massive Grecian-Ionic columns, 38 feet
high and 4 feet four inches in diameter. Besides numerous other rooms
for various purposes, the Exchange in the centre is in a circular form, 80
feet in diameter, with four recesses, making the length and breadth each
100 feet, the whole 80 feet high, surmounted with a dome resting in part
on eight Corinthian columns of Italian marble, 41 feet high, and lighted
by a skylight 25 feet in diameter. The Custom-house is a fine building,
44 STATE OF NEW YORK.
constructed in the Doric order of Grecian architecture. It is built in the
must substantial manner, of white marble, after the model of the Parthenon
at Athens, and occupies the site of the old Federal Hall, in the open
gallery of which, WASHINGTON was inaugurated. The building is 200
feet long, 90 feet wide, and 80 feet high. At the south end on Wall-
street is a portico of eight columns, 5 feet eight inches in diameter and 32
feet high ; and on the north end on Pine-street is a corresponding portico.
The great business hall is a circular room, 60 feet in diameter, with
recesses and galleries, making it 80 feet in diameter, surmounted by a
dome, supported by 16 Corinthian columns 30 feet high. The City Hall
is beautifully situated in the Park; it is 216 feet long and 105 wide. The
front is ornamented with columns and pilasters of the Ionic, Corinthian,
and Composite orders, rising above each other in regular gradations.
There are 28 offices and other public rooms, the most conspicuous of
which are the Governor's-room, and the Chambers of the Common
Council and Assistant Aldermen. The Governor's-room is appropriated to
the governor of the state when he visits the city, and has been used as a
reception room for other distinguished persons. It is 52 by 20 feet. The
walls are hung with a fine collection of portraits, including the governors
of the state, the mayors of the city, since the revolution, some of the
Dutch governors, and the principal military and naval heroes. The
Common Council Room is 42 by 30 feet, and the president occupies the
game chair in which General Washington sat when he presided over the
first American Congress, which assembled in New York. The room con-
tains several fine full-length portraits painted by Trumbull, of which
that of Washington is thought the best in existence. The Superior Court
Room is very neat and conveniently fitted up for its purpose. To the
east of the City-hall is the Hall of Records ; it has a lofty portico of four
Ionic pillars on each front; and in the rear of it, are the City Buildings,
containing the United States Court rooms and several public offices. The
Hall of Justice occupies the whole space between Centre, Elm, Leonard,
and Franklin streets, and is an elegant building of the Egyptian order of
architecture.
There are 215 churches in the city ; many of them have been recently
built, and are expensive, elegant, and commodious buildings.
New York contains several literary institutions. The oldest is Columbia
College, chartered by George II. in 1754, by the name of King's College,
and confirmed, with alterations, by the legislature of New York, in 1784.
It has a president, and 10 professors, 1,170 alumni, 124 students, and
14,000 volumes in its libraries. The building is situated on a beautiful
square at the head of Park Place, and contains a chapel, lecture-room,
halls, museum, and an extensive philosophical and chemical apparatus.
The funds amount to about $200,000. The commencement is on the Tues-
day preceding the last Wednesday in September. There is a flourishing
grammar school attached to the institution. The University of the city
of Nevv York, in University Place, has a fine edifice of white marble, in
the Gothic style of architecture. This institution, founded in 1831, has a
chancellor and 12 professors, (besides 6 professors in its medical de-
partment,) and in all its departments 737 students viz., undergraduates,
145; medical, 343; grammar school, 249. It has a valuable library and
philosophical apparatus. The General Theological Seminary of the Prot.
Epis. Church in theU. S., corner of Ninth avenue and 21st-street, founded in
18J9, contains two handsome buildings, and has 6 professors, 74 students,
and 9,350 volumes in its library. The Union Theological Seminary.
STATE OF NEW YORK. 45
(Presbyterian,) organized in 1836, has 6 professors, 104 students, and
16,000 volumes in its library The Rutger's Female Institute, in Madison-
street, has a valuable library and philosophical apparatus. The Me-
chanics' Society School, in Crosby-street, has a number of teachers and
500 pupils. The College of Physicians and Surgeons, founded in 1807,
has a handsome edifice in Crosby-street ; it has 6 professors, about 220
students, a library of 2,000 volumes, and a superior museum of anatomical
preparations. The lectures commence on the first Monday in November,
and continue four months. The New York Hospital, handsomely situ-
ated in Broadway, has extensive buildings. The Eye Infirmary has
four surgeons attached to it. The New York Lunatic Asylum, con-
nected with the New York Hospital, located at Bloomingdale. has a
large and fine building, attached to which are 40 acres of ground, taste-
fully laid out in gardens, pleasure-grounds, and gravelled walks ; it
occupies one of the most elevated sites on the island. The Deaf and
Dumb Asylum is on 50th- street, near the Fourth avenue, and has a
principal and 8 instructors. The Institution for the Blind, on the 8th
avenue, has about 70 pupils.
The New York Society Library, an old institution, founded in 1754,
has an elegant edifice on Broadway at the corner of Leonard-street, and
besides spacious accommodations for the library, has a handsome and
commodious lecture-room, and the rooms of the Academy of Design.
The library, which contains about 40,000 volumes, is open on every
week day. The Historical Society, at the University, has a valuable
library of 12,000 volumes, besides a collection of coins, medals, and
manuscripts; it has published several volumes of historical collections.
The National Academy of Design, instituted in 1826, has purchased the
statuary of the Academy of Fine Arts, and exhibits annually a large col-
lection of paintings by living artists. Its exhibitions open on the 15th of
April and close on the 4th of July annually ; the same painting is not al-
lowed to be exhibited twice. Clinton-hall Association was founded in
1830 for the promotion of Literature, Science, and the Arts, and is the
proprietor of Clinton-hall, in which the Mercantile Library is located.
The Mercantile Library Association was formed in 1820 for the special
benefit of merchants' clerks. It has a library of 21,000 volumes, and a
reading-room much frequented. It sustains, in the winter season, an in-
teresting course of literary and scientific lectures. The Apprentices'
Library, in Crosby-street, contains 12,000 volumes. The American In-
stitute, incorporated in 1829, for the encouragement of Agriculture, Com-
merce, and Manufactures, has a valuable library, reading-room, and a
collection of models of machinery. It holds an annual fair. The New
York Lyceum, founded in 1838, sustains, in the winter season, an able
course of lectures. The Mechanics' Institute contains a library of about
2,000 volumes, a reading-room, supplied with the reviews, literary and
scientific journals, and newspapers ; a museum of models of machinery,
and a valuable chemical and philosophical apparatus. It has established
an annual course of lectures ; and also two schools, one for each of the
sexes. There are many religious charitable institutions which have their
centre in New York.
There are 25 Banks in the city of New York, with an aggregate capital
of 28 millions of dollars; several marine insurance companies, with a
total capital of about 3 millions ; 26 fire insurance companies, with an ag-
gregate capital of about 8 millions ; besides several mutual insurance
companies. There are four savings banks, 15 markets, five theatres, an
46 STATE OF NEW YORK.
opera-house, a museum, and a circus. During the summer there are
theatrical performances at Castle Garden .
There are in New York many splendid hotels, of which the Astor
House, is the most remarkable.
The Croton Jlqucduct commences at the Croton river, five miles from
the Hudson, in Westches-
> ter county. The Dam is
f 250 feet long, 70 feet wide
I at the bottom, and 7 at
I the top, and 40 feet high,
i built of stone and cement.
' It creates a pond 5 miles
long, covering a surface
^ of 400 acres, and contain-
; ing 500 millions of gallons
7 water. From the dam,
^_ ^ ^^ * the .Aqueduct proceeds,
sometimes tunnelling through solid rocks) crossing valleys by embank-
ments, and brooks by culverts, until it reaches Harlem river, a distance of
33 miles. It is built of stone, brick, and cement, arched over and under,
6 feet three inches wide at bottom, 7 feet eight inches at top of the side
walls, and 8 feet five inches high ; has a descent of 13$ inches per mile,
and will discharge 60 millions of gallons every twenty-four hours. It
crosses the Harlem river on a magnificent bridge of stone, 1,450 feet long,
with 14 piers, 8 of them bearing arches of 80 feet span, and seven others
of 50 feet span, \\4 feet above tide- water, at the top. The receiving
reservoir, at 86th-street, 38 miles from the Croton dam, covers 35 acres,
and holds 150 millions of gallons. The distributing reservoir, on Murray's
Hill in 40th street, covers 4 acres, and is constructed of stone and ce-
ment, 45 feet high above the street, and holds twenty millions of gallons.
Thence the water is distributed over the city in iron pipes, laid so deep
under ground as to be secure from frost. The whole cost of the work has
been about 13 millions of dollars. "The water is of the purest kind of
river water. There are laid below the distributing reservoir in 40th-
street, more than 170 miles of pipe from 6 to 36 inches in diameter.
There are not more t\\&u four cities in Europe larger than New York,
vix., London, Paris, Constantinople, and St. Petersburg.
Steamboats leave daily for Boston on four routes, viz.: via Providence,
via Stonington ; via, New London and Jlllyn's Point ; and via Ntio
Haven, (see routes 122, 123, 124, 125 ;) and daily for Bridgeport, Nor-
walk, New Rochelle, Flushing, Glen Cove, Oyster Bay, Port Jefferson,
<S*c. On the Hudson, several lines run daily for Albany , (fare 50 cts.
$2, ) and also to the intermediate places, (see route 128;) a line runs
daily for Piermont, (where it connects with the New York and Erie
railroad, see route 131,) and also for Philadelphia, connecting with the
Camden and Jlmboy railroad, (fare $3.) Cars leave daily on the Long
Island railroad for Boston, fare $3 ; White Plains, <c., by tite Harlem,
railroad; for Paterson, N. J., for Philadelphia, fare $4, twice daily
via Jersey City, Newark, New Brunswick, Princeton, Trenton, i^-c.
FARK to Baltimore, $7 ; to Washington, $3.60 ; to Richmond, Va., $13.60;
to Wilmington, N. C., $23.50; to Charleston, S. C., $28; to Mobile,
864.50; to New Orleans, $69.50 ; to Pittsburff, Pa.. $16; to Wheeling,
$17; to Cincinnati, $21 ; to Buffalo, $14; to Cleveland, Ohio, $19; to
Detroit. $20 ; to Mackinac, $24 ; to Milwaukee and Chicago, $26.
STATE OF NEW YORK.
47
Jersey City. New York. Brooklyn.
BROOKLYN is situated on Long Island, opposite the southeastern part of
the city of New York, with which it is connected by four ferries, upon
which steamboats ply, every few minutes, day and rnht. Its beautiful,
and for the most part elevated situation, has made it a favorite residence
of many persons doing business in New York. It contains a City Hall, 30
churches, 3 banks, a savings institution, 3 insurance companies, and in
1845, 60,000 inhabitants. The Lyceum is a fine granite building with a
spacious lecture-room. The City Library contains over 3,000 volumes,
and has a tine building and reading-room. The Hamilton Literary
Association supports annually an able course of lectures. The United
States Navy Yard is situated on Wallabout bay, and covers 40 acres of
ground, containing several extensive ship-houses, and houses for storage
of materials, workshops, &c. An extensive drydock is in the course of
construction. Connected with the Navy Yard is the United States Naval
Lyceum, a literary institution formed in 1832, possessing a valuable
library, an extensive collection of charts, and a museum. About half a
mile east from the Navy Yard is the United States Naval Hospital, a fine
building, beautifully situated, and surrounded by 33 acres of land, planted
with trees and shrubbery. In Jackson-street, near the Navy Yard, is a
vault, over the entrance of which is the following inscription :
"PORTAL TO THE TOMB OF 11,500 PATRIOT PRISONERS,
WHO DIED IN DUNGEONS AND PRISON-SHIPS,
In and about the city of New York, during the Revolution.' 1 ''
In the year J808, the bones of these martyrs were collected from the
hill-sides in the neighborhood, where they had been slightly interred, and
placed in this vault.
Greenwood Cemetery, in the south part of Brooklyn, is admirably situa-
ted, and presents an agreeable variety of surface
and scenery ; from the elevated parts, the views
are extremely beautiful, overlooking the cities of
New York and Brooklyn, the bay of New York, i
the Narrows, and the Atlantic ocean. The|
ground has been laid out in the most tasteful \
manner, preserving its natural surface, ponds, |
trees, shrubbery, dec.; and many appropriate!
tombs and monuments have been erected.
There are on Long Island several places much fre-
quented in the summer season viz., Fort Ham- !
ilton, Coney Island, Rockaway, Patchogue, &c.,
on the south side ; and Glen Cove, Oyster Bay, Stony Brook, Port Jeffer-
son, Greenport, and Sag Harbor, on the north. Sea bathing may be en-
joyed at all these places ; and most of them afford abundance of sport in
fishing and fowling. Most of these places may be approached daily by
stages running in connection with the rail cars, or bylines of steam-
boat*, or sailing vessels.
48 STATE OF NEW YORK.
TOUR ON THE HUDSON RIVER.
[The figures on the left of the page denote the distance from Albany
on the right, the distance from New York.]
In ascending the Hudson, immediately on leaving the wharf, tho
traveller's attention is drawn to the view seaward the bay of New York,
with its moving panorama of vessels, its picturesque islands and shores-
all of which constitute a scene of surpassing beauty.
F1451 J ERSEY CITY, formerly known as Powle's Hook, is on the
Jersey shore, opposite to the place of starting, and contains five
churches and 4,000 inhabitants. At this place the New Jersey and the
Paterson railroads commence, and also the Morris canal. One mile north is
HOBOKEN, a favorite resort of the citizens of New York. The grounds
for nearly 2 miles along the Hudson are laid out in walks, embowered in
F1431
,
trees> VVEEHAWKEN, 2 miles north, is a bold rocky bluff, rising r
abruptly from the water's edge. A villa occupies its summit.
A short distance above, on the river-shore, overhung by beetling cliffs and
almost inaccessible from the land-side, is the famous duelling-ground.
Here it was that Gen. Hamilton fell, July llth, 1804. The Palisades,
which commence at Weehawken, are a massy range of columnar rock,
rising almost perpendicularly from the shore to the height of four or five
hundred feet, and are regarded as one of the most picturesque and inter-
esting objects on the Hudson. They extend for a distance of 20 miles
F1391 tne ' r summ ' ts being slightly undulating table-land. BULL'S r fi -i
L J FERRY. From this place to New York, a ferry has existed for L J
more than half a century. Opposite is BLOOMINGDALE, a suburb of
New York, extending north 3 or 4 miles. The Orphan Asylum, with
numerous seats embowered in shrubbery, attracts the attention ; and the
Lunatic Asylum, situated on elevated ground, is also an object of
interest. Immediately above, is seen Manhattanvillc valley and its pretty
T1351 v ^' age > containing a church and about 500 inhabitants. FORT ,-,-!
* J LEE, on the Jersey side, (from which a steamboat plies several *- *
times daily to New York,) derives its name from a fort built on the sum-
mit of the rocks, 300 feet above the river. Traces of the ruins of the
fortress still remain, overgrown with shrubbery. Just above, on the New
York side, is FORT WASHINGTON, situated on the most elevated point
of the island. It was taken by the British, after a desperate resistance,
November 16th, 1776, and the garrison put to the sword. The ruins still
exist, in the centre of which there has been erected a pretty mansion.
F1321 ^ PUYTKN DUYVEL CREEK enters the Hudson two miles above rjoi
Fort Washington, and connecting with Harlem river, sepa- L
rates New York from the main land. Kingsbridge crosses this creek one
mile east. On the north of this stream, on the heights, was Fort Inde-
[1281 pen dence. YONKERS is on the east bank, at the entrance of rj7]
Sawkill cr. It contains two churches, a seminary, and about 50 '-
dwellings. Closter Landing is on the opposite side of the river. HAS-
TINGS, three miles north of Yonkers, has several pretty country residences.
OBBS FERRY was a noted place in the war of the Revolu- r^-i
on. Here is a village containing two churches and 50 dwell-
On the opposite shore, and just below the old ferry landing, is the
commencement of the line dividing the states of New York and New Jersey.
f!211 PIERMONT, on the west bank, was formerly known as the r^-i
J " Sloat." At this place a pier has been erected about one mile *-~ J
long, on which is the depot of the New York and Erie railroad, which
[123] V OE
tion
STATE OF NEW YORK. 49
commences here. A steamboat plies daily to and from New York. The
village contains two churches and about 1,000 inhabitants. Three miles
west lies the village of Tappan ; and about a quarter of a mile from
this, on an eminence overlooking, to the east, a romantic and fertile val-
ley, is the spot where Mnjor Andre was executed, October 2d, 1780.
Cam leave Piermont every day on the route west see route 131. Here
commences an expansion of the river, locally known as " Tappan Sea,"
and extending for a distance of ten miles, with an average width of 2i
miles. The Van Tassell House is on the east shore, just above, and
nearly opposite to Piermont. It is the residence of Washington Irving.
riiQ-i TARRYTOWN, on the east bank, is prettily situated, and con- r27 -i
L J tains 4 churches and about 1,000 inhabitants. About one- *
fourth of a mile north of the village, is the spot where Major Andre was
taken prisoner, and at the distance of a mile further north, is an ancient
Dutch church, (supposed to be the oldest in the state,) erected in 1699.
It was in this church that the never-to-be-forgotten Ichabod Crane, in
rivalry of the Dominie, led off the choir. It was also in the ravine
near by, that Ichabod had his fearful encounter with the headless horse-
man, when he disappeared forever from the vale of Sleepy Hollow.
NYACK, on the west bank, is a considerable village, containing 3 churches
and 800 inhabitants. Near the northern extremity of Tappan bay, on the
east side, is the thriving village of
niQl SINQ SING, containing four churches, two seminaries, and r-,
L J about 2,000 inhabitants. Mount Pleasant State Prison is a L J
short distance south of the village, where are extensive quarries of
marble, wrought by the convicts. The prison grounds cover an area of
130 acres. Almost opposite to Sing Sing is Verdreitjes Hook, a rocky
promontory. Half a mile above is ROCKLAND LAKE LANDING ; and
about f of a mile from the Hudson is the lake, a picturesque sheet of
water, from which immense quantities of ice of the purest kind are ob-
tained. This lake is the principal source of Hackensack river. Abov^
Verdreitjes Hook the river expands again to an average width of two
miles for a distance of six miles, and is called Haverstraw bay.
HAVERSTRAW is a neat village on the west shore, and contains two ^^
churches, an academy, and 400 inhabitants, Grassy Point is two ' dOJ
flOGl ni '^ es a ^ ove ' at which is a steamboat-landing. STONY POINT, a
I J small rough promontory, is on the west side of the river, with a light-
house on its summit. It was fortified in the war of the Revolution, and
was distinguished by the celebrated and successful assault made upon it
by the Americans under Gen. Wayne, on the night of the 16th July, 1779.
On the east side, and opposite to Stony Point, is Verplanck 1 s Point, near
which place was the famous continental village, containing the United
lftl 1 States Barracks, destroyed by the enemy in Oct., 1777. CALD- r..-,
J WELLS, at the entrance to the highlands, is the first landing-place *-**
in ascending the river, and from which steamboats ply across the river to
F991 P EKKSKILL a village mostly situated on an elevation 200 feet p^gi
above the river. It contains a bank. 8 churches, an academy, *
and 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leate 3 times a week (in the summer season
daily] for Mohapack lake and Garnet, and 3 times for Danbury, Con.
On the bluff north of Peekskill creek is the site of Fort Independence.
The Highlands, or Matteawan Mountains, extend in a northeastern
direction across Orange and Rockland counties, till they are broken by
the Hudson ; rising again on the eastern side of the river, they pass off in the
same general direction, occupying a breadth of from 15 to 20 miles.
3
50 STATE OF NEW YORK.
Several of their summits attain to an elevation of 1,000 to 1,685 fcei.
"They are composed principally of granite and gneiss, embedding loose
nodules and fixed veins of magnetic iron ores, with other minerals of the
same class. It is unequivocally a primitive chain, and in the early ag'es
must have opposed a barrier to the passage of the waters, and caused a
va^t lake, covering the present valley of the Hudson." The course of the
traveller is now for a mile in a direction almost due west, through what
is locally called the Horse Race, from the rapidity of its current; this ia
caused by an abrupt angle in the bed of the river, which is contracted to
a narrow space by its passage through the mountain mass. The Thunder
Mountain on the west, and the noted eminence on the east, called Jln-
thimy^s Nose, stand as guardians of the Pass. The Nose is 1,228 feet
high. During the Revolution a large boom and chain extended across
from the foot of this peak to Fort Montgomery on the west side. Forts
Ointon and Montgomery were erected to defend the passage of the river
at this place. On the 6th Oct., 1777, Sir H. Clinton, with a force of
about 3,000 men, took these forts by storm. The works were bravely
defended for a length of time by a garrison consisting of only 600 men,
wiio were finally overpowered by superior numbers. Two miles above
Anthony's Nose is the Sugar JLoaf Mountain, near the base of which is
t ; ie Beverly House, where Arnold resided when he was meditating' that
act of treachery which has stamped his memory with everlasting infamy.
Buttermilk Falls (on the west side, and nearly opposite to the Sugar
Loaf) descends in a succession of cascades for more than 100 feet, spread-
ing out in sheets of milk-white foam, and making a beautiful appearance,
especially when the stream is swollen by rains.
T931 WEST PINT, on the right bank of the Hudson, where the p-,
river makes an angle forming the point from which it derives its *
name, is situated among
the most picturesque riv-
er and mountain scene-
ry conceivable. It was
strongly fortified during
the warof theRevolution,
and the ruins of Fort
Putnam, on Mount Inde-
pendence, (elevated 495
feet above the river,) are
objects of great interest ; as are also the earthen mounds of Fort Clinton,
on the plain below. The United States Military Academy was established
here in 1802. It is situated on a plain 157 feet above tide- water. The
buildings are two stone barracks ; a building for exercises in winter, 275
feet long ; a building of Gothic architecture, 150 feet long, with three
towers, for astronomical apparatus and an observatory ; a chapel, hospital,
mess-hall, 17 separate dwellings for the officers of the institution, several
workshops and storerooms, cavalry stables, a magazine, laboratory,
soldiers' barracks, a store, and about 25 dwellings for families connected
with the establishment. There is also an extensive hotel situated on the
bank of the river. About the grounds are several monuments that
erected in memory of Kosciusko by the cadets, at an expense of $5,000, fa
the most beautiful. The number of cadets is limited to 260. Opposite to
West Point, on the E. shore, is Constitution Island, on which are the
ruins of the fort erected during the Revolution. A massy chain was ex-
tended from this island to West Point. In the cove just above is the West
.STATE OF NEW YORK. 51
Point Foundry, the largest establishment of the kind in America, and
which employs 400 persons. COLD SPRING, on the E. shore, 1& miles
above West Point, is very prettily situated, and contains 5 churches and
1,250 inhabitants. Near the base of the mountain, north of the village, is
Under Cliff, the elegant villa of Gen. Morris. Crow Nest Mountain on
the west side, the summit of which is elevated 1,394 feet above the river,
affords a beautiful and extended prospect. Butter Hill, just ubove, is
1,530 feet above the river. On the E. side are the three elevations known
as Bull Hill, 1,486 feet high, Breakneck Hill, 1,187, and Beacon Hill or
Grand Sachem, 1,685 feet high. Polopels Island lies near the east shore,
POO-, opposite the ravine between Bull and Breakneck Hills. CORN- ,-,...-,
* J WALL, on the west side, at the termination of the Highlands, *\
contains about 150 inhabitants. The river expands here to the width of
a mile for the distance of about five miles, and is called Newburg bay.
Two miles above is NEW WINDSOR, which has two churches and about
250 inhabitants. It is the birthplace of De Witt Clinton.
rR11 NEWBURGH is situated on a steep acclivity, rising to about rfi .-.
L" 4 J 300 feet. From the terrace there is a magnificent view of the L J
river and the Highlands. There are in the village a theological seminary,
several academies, 3 banks, 11 churches, and about 6,000 inhabitants.
The stone house occupied by WASHINGTON as his head-quarters, is still
standing near the village. On the 23d of June, 1783, the American army
was disbanded here. Stages leave daily for Goshen and also for Dun-
kirk via Binghamton. (See routes 160 and 161.) On the opposite side of
the river, and to which a steamboat plies, is Ftshkill Landing, which has
r _ fi 1 3 churches and about 800 inhabitants. Ftshkill, about 5 miles .. _-.
" J east of the landing, contains 3 churches, an academy, and * '
1,000 inhabitants. It is noted as being the Head Quarters of the American
Army for a time during the war of the Revolution. Three miles above
the landing is Low Point, a scattered settlement extending along the
river. NEW HAMBURG is on the eust side of the river, just above the en-
trance to Wappinger's Creek. Hampton, a landing on the opposite side,
is connected with New Hamburg by a ferry. Three miles above, on
the west side, is Milton Landing. The village is about half a mile distant.
P-,-, POUGHKEEPSIE, the capital of Dutchess county, is on the left r _ .
!?7V bank of the Hudson. Population 10,000. This village, one of I- 74 '
the handsomest in the state, is built on an elevated plain 200 feet above
the river, and contains a court-house, jail, a collegiate school, the
Dutchess Academy, four seminaries for young ladies, 3 banks, a savings
bank, a market, a lyceum, and 14 churches. The College edifice, modelled
after the Parthenon at Athens, stands on Prospect Hill, having a wide
range of prospect. The village has a rich back country. Stages leave 3
times a week for Danbury, Con. ; for New Milford ; and for West Corn"
wall via Sliaron. On the west side, opposite to Poughkeepsie, is JVeto
Paltz Landing. The village of New Paltz lies some distance from the
river. Six miles above, on the east side, is HYDK PARK, which contains
3 churches and about 50 dwellings.
Ffill R NDOUT situated at the mouth of a stream of the same .g^-i
I " name, contains two churches, a seminary, and about 1,500 in- *
habitants. It is the port of the Delaware' and Hudson canal. One mile
further north is Kingston Landing. The village of KINGSTON is situated
3 miles west of the landing. It was incorporated in 1805, and contains a
court-house, 4 churches, two banks, an academy, and about 2,300 in-
, habitants. This place was burned by the British army Oct., 1777. Stages
52 STATE OF NEW YORK.
leave 3 times a week for Delhi, and Ellcnmlle. Six miles above, on the
T551 east S ' ( * 6 ' * s Rhi ne b ec k Landing. The village of KHINEBECK, roftl
J two miles from the landing, contains 3 churches, an academy, LJUJ
and ahout 1,200 inhabitnnts. Nine miles north is Lower Red Hook, and 3
miles above is Upper Red Hook Landing. The villages lie some 3 or 4
miles from the river. A ferryboat plies from the Upper Landing to the
[441 West side ' at SAUGERTIKS a lar e e manufacturing village, on nml
J Esopus creek, where is an extensive water-power. The village " "
contains five churches and about 2,000 inhabitants. Bristol is 2 miles above.
|-~.-i CATSKILL is prettily situated on the right bank, and contains nill
* J a court-house, two banks, 5 churches, and about 3,000 inhabi- L 11]
tants. Vehicles are ready on the arrival of the boats to convey pas-
sengers to the celebrated summer resort, (12 miles distant,) at Pine
Orchard, Catskill Mountain. There is here an excellent hotel, on an ele-
vation 2,212 feet above the level of the Hudson, which gives to the
atmosphere a refreshing coolness amid the most sultry heat of summer.
A little to the west of the Mountain House are two ponds, the outlets of
which unite, and proceed by falls and rapids, in a
, deep ravine, to the plain below. The first fall is 180
feet perpendicular; and within a short distance is a
second fall of about 80 feet. By a circuitous path the
, traveller can pass down and go under the rock, and
fc behind the water of the first fall, where is presented a
| singular and interesting view. From the Mountain
House, is a most extensive and varied prospect, for the
distance of sixty miles, (in a clear atmosphere:) the
I landscape is distinctly visible, adorned with the pic-
^^ ^ ^ iljturesque Hudson, its green isles and moving panorama
of vesse's, its cities, villages, and villas. The range of vision extends from
the Hudson Highlands to the Green Mountains. Stages leave Catskill
daily for Ithaca.
r g q -| HUDSON, on the left bank of the river, is built on an elevated rjjgi
L J site, from which is obtained n fine view of the river and sur- I J
rounding country. It has an elegant court-house, 8 churches, two banks,
two markets, the Franklin Literary Association, with a respectable library
and philosophical apparatus, two academies, a lunatic asylum, and 5,700
inhabitants. The city is supplied with pure water from a mountain
spring two miles distant, conveyed in iron pipes. Several whale-ships be-
long to Hudson. The village of New Lebanon Springs is 24 miles NE.
from Hudson. The Shaker Settlement contains a large church, several
extensive workshops, and 600 inhabitants. The Springs are warm, emit
nitrogen gas, and have a temperature of 73 Fahrenheit ; they are effica-
cious for rheumatism, salt rheum, and cutaneous affections. The country
around is beautiful and picturesque, and the springs are much frequented.
Cars leave Hudson daily for West Stockbridge, Lebanon Springs, frc. ;
and stages 3 times a week for Gnat Barrington, Mass. A ferryboat
plies to the west shore at Athens, which contains 4 churches and about
1,200 inhabitants. Four Mile Point, on which is a light-house, is at the
r ji head of ship navigation. Coxsackie Landing is on the right r^i
bank ; the village extends along the river for the distance of L
a mile, and contains 3 churches, an academy, and about 1,200 inhabitants.
r. R -, STUYVESANT, on the east side, contains a church and about rj27l
J 300 inhabitants. A short distance above is KINDERHOOK L
LANDING. The village of Kinderhook lies 5 miles east from the river.
STATE OF NEW YORK. 53
Rod contains two churches, a bank, an academy, and about 1,400 in-
habitants. NEW BALTIMORE, on the west shore, has u church and
r , about 300 inhabitants. Two miles above is COEYMANS, con- ^
I J taining two churches and about 700 inhabitants. Four miles L
farther, on the east side, is CASTLETON, with a church and about 350 in-
nl habitants. The Overslaugh has heretofore been an obstruction , J42 ,
I " to navignt'on for some distance below Albany, but the chan- L
nel has been straightened and deepened, at a great expense, by the United
States government, thus rendering it more navigable.
ALBANY, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of the
river, 145 miles from New York, 200 west by north from Boston, and 370
from Washington. Population 42,000. On the margin of the river is a
flat alluvial tract, from 15 to 100 yards wide, back of which the ground
rises abruptly, and in the course of a mile attains to the height of 220
feet, after which it becomes level. Originally the streets were not very
regularly laid out, and some of them are narrow. State-street has a steep
ascent, at the head of which is the Capitol, a fine edifice 115 feet long
and 90 wide, with richly furnished apartments for the accommodation of
the state legislature. In front of it is a handsome square, ornamented
with walks, trees, and shrubbery. To the north of this, separated only
by a street, is a corresponding square, on the east side of which is the
City Hall, a splendid marble edifice ; and facing the same square is the
State Hall for the public offices. The Albany Academy is a fine edifice.
The other public buildings are, a Medical College, a Female Academy, the
Exchange, thirty-two churches, three markets, a state arsenal, and eight
banks. The old State Hall, on the south side of State street, is fitted up
for the geological cabinet, collected in the geological survey of the state.
The New York State Library occupies a large room in the Capitol, and
contains 10,000 volumes. The Albany Medical College, founded in 1839,
has 8 professors and 104 students. It has a museum and library. The
lectures commence on the first Tuesday in October. The Albany
Academy has able instructors, and 400 students. The Female Academy
has about 350 pupils, and sustains a high reputation. The Young Men's
Association has a library of 3,200 volumes. Albany was founded by the
Dutch in 1623, then called Fort Orange, and was chartered as a city in 1686.
Twenty or more steamboats, and 50 towboats, ply between this city and JV.
York, and other places on the river. Cars arrive and depart twice daily for
Boston and the intermediate places ; twice daily for Saratoga Springs, (fare
$1.62;) awd3 times daily for Buffalo, (/are$12,) Niagara Falls, andthein-
termediate places : (see pages 74 and 75. ) Stages leave daily for Pittsfield,
Mass. ; far Bennington, Vt. ; for Burlington^ for Montreal, Can., via
Whitehall, Plattsburg, &c. : and also Syracuse, via Cherry Valley. Twice a
week for Binghamton ; and also for Williamstown, Mass.
TROY, the capital of Rensselaer county, is pleasantly situated on the
left bank of the Hudson, at the head of tide-water, 6 miles north of
Albany, and 151 north of New York. Population 21,709. It extends
about 3 miles along the river, with a breadth of U miles. It is bordered
STATE OF NEW YORK.
on the E. by hills of considerable elevation, from which descend two con-
siderable streams, which have romantic cascades and afford extensive
water-power. The city is handsomely laid out, and its streets are wide
and well paved. The Court-house is a fine building, constructed of
marble, with a Grecian front of the Doric order. Here are the Troy Fe-
male Institute and the Rensselaer Institute, with several other schools of a
high order; the Lyceum of Natural History, a Young Men's Association,
18 churches, 6 banks, and 11 academies. Cars leave daily for Saratoga
Springs, for Schenectady, and also for Boston. Stages leave daily for
Bennington, F~t. ; and for Whitehall, and also for Burlington, Ft.
BALLSTON SPA, 31 miles from Albany, is situated on a small branch of
Kayaderosseras creek, and contains a court-house, 4 churches, 1 bank, and
about 1,500 inhabitants. The oldest and still most esteemed fountain is
known as the " Public Well," on the flat west of the centre of the village.
There are several other springs of less note, possessing medicinal prop-
erties of a similar character. Cars pass twice daily from Albany and
from Saratoga Springs.
SARATOGA SPRINGS, 38 miles north of Albany, is the most celebrated
watering-place in
theUnited States.
It contains some
' of the largest and
i most splendid ho-
1 tels and board-
| ing-houses in the
[ country, which
in the watering
season are abun-
dantly filled by the gay and fashionable from all parts of the Union, West
Indies, &c. The village contains six churches, an academy, a female
seminary, and about 3,000 inhabitants.
The mineral waters are drawn from some 9 or more fountains or
springs, and vary considerably in their characteristics. The principal
springs are called the Congress, Iodine, Empire, Putnam's, Hamilton,
High Rock, Columbian, Flat Rock, and Washington. The most promi-
nent effects of these waters, when taken into the stomach, are cathartic,
diuretic, and tonic. In all pulmonary affections arising from primary
diseases of the Jungs, the waters are thought to be injurious, but they
have proven highly efficacious in cutaneous diseases, scrofula, jaundice,
bilious affections, chronic rheumatism, &c., &c. The objects of amuse-
ment here are always sufficiently numerous for the gratification of the
transient visitor. The reading-rooms afford mental recreation ; while, if
other amusement be sought, it is afforded by the railroad carriages can
leaving several times a day on trips of pleasure or by a short excursion
into the neighborhood, where sufficient beauty and novelty of scenery are
always presented Jo render it interesting. The amusements of the day
are usually crowned by a ball or promenade.
Saratoga Lake, 4 miles southeast of the vil-
f lage, is much resorted to, by parties of pleas-
[ ure. It affords ample sport to the angler, and
^ its shores abound with game. The Sulphur
'pring at the head of the lake is exciting
much attention ; its waters, which are remark-
ably clear, are moderately impregnated with sulphur
STATE 0V NEW YORK.
55
The plain of Saratoga was the scene of the surrender of the British
ormy under Gen. Burgoyne, Oct. 17, 1777. Bemus' Heights, Freeman's
Farm, and other places in the vicinity, connected with the battles which
preceded that event, are objects of interest. Cars arrive and depart
twice daily for Albany, and also for Troy. Stages leave daily for
Whitehall via Glenn's Falls, and three times a week for Ticonderoga.
The village of GLENN'S FALLS, on the Hudson, is 18 miles north from
Saratoga Springs. It has three churches, two
seminaries, and about 1,200 inhabitants. The I
falls in the river are exceedingly beautiful.
Caldwell is delightfully situated at the head of jj
Lake George, 62 miles north from Albany, j
and contains a church and about two hundred '
inhabitants. A steamboat plies on the lake
36 miles to its outlet, near Fort Ticonderoga.
WHITEHALL, seventy-two miles N. of Albany, us situated at the head
of Lake Champlain ; and contains 3 churches, 1 bank, and about 2.500
inhabitants. Steamboats leave daily (in the summer season) for Montreal
via St. John's. (See page 74.) Fort Ticonderoga, the ruins of which
fortress still exist, was situated near Lake Champlain, at the outlet
of Lake George. The scenery in this region is varied and picturesque.
Lake George is justly celebrated for its wild, picturesque, and varied
scenery ; its waters are remarkably transparent and pure. Its shores
contain the remains
of Fort William Hen- .--^
ry and Fort George, ^j^-
and others memora- ^
ble in the French and ^
Revolutionary wars.
PLATTSBUROH,|
Clinton co. , is 166 miles i_
N. of Albany, and 538
from Washington. Population 6,000. The village is on both sides of
Saranac river, at its entrance into Cumberland bay, on the W. shore of
Lake Champlain, and contains a court-house, a bank, a lyceum, an
academy, and 4 churches. It is celebrated for the battle in the last war
between the Americans and British, September llth, 1814, in which tho
Americans under Gen. Macomb, on land, and Commodore Macdonough,
on the lake, were victorious, after a hard-rought battle. Steamboats (in
the summer) arrive and depart daily for Whitehall via Burlington,
Ticonderoga, &c. ; and also for Montreal via St. John's. Stages (in the
winter season) pass through daily from Montreal and from Albany.
Stages leave three times a week for Ogdensburg via Fort Cov-
ington.
SCHENECTADY, 16 miles NW. from Albany, on the south bank of
Mohawk river, contains a court-house, a market, a female academy, a
lyceum, two banks, 9 churches, and 6,555 inhabitants. It is the seat of
Union College, founded in 1795, which has a president, 10 professors or
other instructors, 2,125 alumni, 242 students, and 13,000 volumes in its
libraries. The commencement is on the fourth Wednesday in July. Its
buildings are commodious, and attached to them are 250 acres of land,
handsomely laid out. The reputation of this college is deservedly high.
Cars pass through daily for Buffalo and the intermediate places, and also
for Albany, and twice daily for Saratoga Springs.
56 STATE OF NEW YORK.
Sharon Sulphur Springs are 12 miles from the depot at Palatine Bridge,
(see route 150,) from which stages leave daily in the summer season.
These waters are highly efficacious in rheumatic, cutaneous, and dyspeptic
complaints. There are in the vicinity several caves, and tftsego La.k&
furnishes abundant sport for the angler.
LITTLE FALLS, situated on both sides of Mohawk river, 73 miles from
Albany, contains five churches, a bank, and about 2,500 inhabitants.
There is a fall of 42 feet in the river, affording an immense hydraulic
power. Ji line of stages leaves daily for Trenton Falls.
TRENTON FALLS are 18 mile*
. NE. from Utica, on West Canada
]* creek. The waters fall 312 feet,
| by a succession of cascades, in
e course of two miles, and the
I scenery is the most wild and pic-
I turesque imaginable. The chasm,
I for the whole distance, is broken
I through limestone rock, and the
_ pathway is mostly along the margin
of the rushing Waters, upon a ledge or shelf so narrow and perilous, that
the visitor will find difficulty in sustaining himself.
HERKIM.ER, pleasantly situated on Mohawk river, contains a court-
house, an academy, a bank, two churches, and about 800 inhabitants.
UTICA is 94 miles from Albany, 202 from Buffalo, and 237 from New
York. The city is beautifully situated on the south side of Mohawk river,
on an inclined plain rising from the river, so as to command from its eleva-
ted parts some fine prospects. It contains a court-house, 18 churches, an
exchange building, two academies, the Utica Library, a Mechanics' As-
sociation, an Apprentices' Library, two Orphan Asylums, 4 banks, and
12,200 inhabitants. The State Lunatic Asylum, a mile west of the city, is
a fine building, with a farm of 160 acres attached to it. The city occupies
the site of old Fort Schuyler, and is now one of the finest in Western New
York, though in 1794 there were only 3 or 4 dwellings on the spot. It
dates its great prosperity from the completion of the Erie canal. Cars
pass through 3 times daily from Buffalo, and from Albany. Stages ar-
rive and depart daily for Sacketts Harbor, via Trenton, Watertown,
<S-c. ; and for Binghamton ; three times a week for Ithaca and for
Coopcrstown.
ROME, situated on the Mohawk river, 108 miles from Albany, oc-
cupies the site of Fort Stanwix, built in 1758, and which was rebuilt
during the war of the Revolution and called Fort Schuyler. The village
contains a court-house, 6 churches, a bank, a female academy, a United
States arsenal, and about 2,500 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week
for Oswego ; and for Sacketts Harbor.
SYRACUSE, situated 14 miles south from Onondaga lake, and 147 miles
from Albany, contains a court-house, an academy, two banks, 8 churches,
and 7,500 inhabitants. Great quantities of salt are manufactured in the
village and vicinity. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Albany and for
Buffalo, Stages leave daily for Ogdensburg, for Oswego, and for Ithaca.
AUBURN, 173 miles W. from Albany, is a flourishing village, situated on
the outlet of Owasco lake. It contains a court-house, two banks, 3
academies, a female seminary, 7 churches, and 5,600 inhabitants. -The
Auburn Theological Seminary, founded in 1821, is under the direction of the
Presbyterians, and has 4 professors, 71 students, and 5,000 volumes in its
STATE OF NEW YORK. 57
libraries. The State Prison is regarded as a model for v such institutions.
The building forms three sides of a square, the front of which is 276 feet
and the wings 242. The prisoners labor together in silence, and when
not laboring are confined in solitary cells. Cars arrive from, and depart
daily for Mbany and for Buffalo. Stages leave for Ithaca daily, and fur
Oswego thrte times a week.
SENECA FALLS, 15 miles from Auburn, is situated on both sides of the
outlet of Seneca lake, which has here a fall of 47 feet. The village con-
tains 5 churches, several manufactories, and about 3,000 inhabitants.
WATERLOO, on Seneca outlet, has a court-house, 4 churches, 1 bank,
an academy, and about 2,500 inhabitants.
GENEVA, 199 miles from Albany, is beautifully situated at the north
end of Seneca lake. ^
The principal street |__
runs parallel with the !!!!!!!!
lake shore, at an ele J~"
vation of 120 feet.|
Most of the houses =
on the south side <A =
this street have ter- =
raced gardens extending clown to the shore. It contains nine i
two banks, a seminary, and about 3,600 inhabitants. Geneva College,
founded in 1823, is under the direction of the Episcopalians. It has a
president, 5 professors, 70 students, 10,000 volumes in its libraries, a
cabinet of minerals, and ample philosophical and chemical apparatus.
Geneva Medical College was founded in J834, and has since been liberally
endowed by the state for the erection of buildings, &c. It has a dean,
register, 6 professors, and 175 students. Cars arrive from, and depart
daily for Albany and for Buffalo. Stages leave daily for Ithaca, for
Osicego, and for Williamsport via Corning, Blossburg, Src.
Clifton Springs, 12 miles from Geneva, are becoming somewhat cele-
brated for their medicinal properties. They are sulphur springs.
CANANDAIGUA, 222 miles from Albany, is one of the most Deautiful
villages in Western New York, situated on a plain at the north end of
Canandaigua lake, at its outlet. The ground descends gently towards the
lake, presenting a fine view of it from the village. It contains a court-
house, jail, and county offices, a town-hall, 5 churches, two banks, an
academy of a high order, a female seminary, and about 2,500 inhabitants.
It is surrounded by a rich agricultural country. Stages leave daily for
Erie, via Oeneseo, Ellicottsville, and Jamestown.
Avon Springs, situated near the Genesec river, 20 miles south from
Rochester, have become a place of much resort. The village contains 3
churches, an academy, several extensive hotels, and about 600 inhabitants.
The two most noted springs are about 80 rods apart, and are a short dis-
tance southwest of the village. The waters have been found efficacious
in disordered digestion, rheumatism, gout, and cutaneous affections.
Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Rochester.
ROCHESTER, situated on both sides of the Genesee river, 251 miles
from Albany, was incorporated as a village in 1817 and a city in J834.
Population 25,500. It is handsomely built, and to many of the dwellings
are attached gardens ornamented with shrubbery. The city contains a
court-house, two markets, 7 banks, twenty-two churches, a museum, a
Collegiate Institute, two seminaries, two orphan asylums, an arcade,
a Mechanics' Literary Association, an atheneum, and many extensive
3*
58 .STATE OF NEW YORK.
flouring mills and manufactories. The Genesee Falls have an entire
descent of 268 feet,
composed of 3 per-
pendicular falls, of p
105, 96, and 20 feet, f
besides rapids ; tfie
best views of these '
falls are obtained from j
the east side of the s
river. The Erie ca- *
nal crosses the ri\
here by a massive stone aqueduct. The Mount Hope Cenie7ery7"near
the city, has been laid out in walks, and embellished with sculptured
tombs, trees, shrubbery, &c. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for
Albany and for Buffalo. Stages leave daily for Niagara FaUs via
Lockport ; and to Corning, via Gen.eseo, and Dansville ; 3 times a week
for Oswcgo ; also to Olean, via Mt. Morris, and Angelica.
BATAVIA, 32 miles from Rochester, is prettily situated on a plain through
which flows the Tonawanda creek ; it has a court-house, 4 churches, two
banks, a land office, a seminary, and 2,000 inhabitants.
BUFFALO is situated at the NE. end of Lake Erie, 325 miles west from
Albany, 195 from Cleveland, and 327 from Detroit. Population 30,000.
Its situation as a place of business is very commanding, being at the
western extremity of the Erie canal, and at the eastern termination of the
navigation of the great lakes Erie, Huron, and Michigan. The ground
on which the city is built rises gradually to a considerable elevation, from
which is a commanding view of the lake, Niagara river, the Canadian
shore, &c. The streets are regularly laid out, and are wide and well-
regulated. The public buildings and institutions are, a court-house, two
markets, 17 churches, 4 banks, a theatre, an orphan asylum, and several
large hotels. The Young Men's Association has c. reading-room and a
library of 3,000 volumes. A mole or pier of stone, 1,500 feet long, haa
been constructed at the mouth of Buffalo creek, which, by confining tl.e
channel, has so far removed the bar that vessels requiring 8 feet of water
freely enter. At the end of the pier is a stone light-house twenty feet in
diameter, and 46 feet high. The harbor is well protected, and sospaciousi
that several hundred vessels can be accommodated in it. Buffalo was
originally laid out by the Holland Land Company, in 1801. In December,
1813, it was burnt by the British and Indians. It was incorporated as a
city in 1832. Cars leave Buffalo twice daily for Albany (fare $12) and
Vie intermediate places; for Niagara Falls twice daily, (fare 75 cts.)
Steamboats leave Buffalo almost daily for Erie, Pa., (fare $3 ;) Cleve-
land, Ohio, (fare $5;) Sandusky, (fare $5.50;) Detroit, Mich., (fare
$6 ;) Mackinac, (fare 10;) Milwaukee and Chicago, (fare $12:) for
Port Stanley, Can. ; also for Quecnston, Can., via Chippeioa. Stages
leave Buffalo daily for Erie, Pa. ; three times a week for Olean, for
Geneseo, and for Batavia.
LOCKPORT is on the Erie canal, 58 miles from Rochester ; the waters
of the canal here descend 60 feet by 5 locks of 12 feet each. Tho
surplus water of the canal creates an immense hydraulic power, and
is extensively used. Lockport contains a court-house, twelve churches, a
lyceum, two academies, and about 6,500 inhabitants. Cars arrive from %
and depart twice daily for Niagara Falls, and for Lewistown. Stages
leave daily for Rochester.
STATE OF NEW YORK.
59
ttl
I
.
THE FALLS OF NIAGARA are about 21
I miles from Lake Erie, and 14 miles from
I Lake Ontario, and are regarded as one of
I the greatest natural curiosities in the world.
I The Niagara strait or river at its efflux
] from Lake Erie, is three-quarters of a mile
( < wide, from 40 to 60 feet deep, and flows
I with a current of 7 miles an hour. As it
"' proceeds, the river widens, and embosoms
_ W( ,__ w _f Grand and Navy Islands, which terminate
in beautiful points a mile and a half above the falls. Below the islands
are rapids, which extend a mile to the precipice, in which space the river
descends 57 feet. At the precipice it is three-quarters of a mile wide.
Here Goat Island divides the waters into two channels ; and the channel
between Goat Island and the eastern shore is also divided by a small
island. Over the precipice the river falls perpendicularly about 160 feet.
The greater part of the water passes in the channel between Goat Island
and the Canada shore, and this fall is called from its shape the Horse-shoe
fall Between Goat Island and Bath Island in the eastern channel, the
stream is only about ten yards wide, forming a beautiful cascade. Between
Bath Island and the shore, the sheet of water is broad, and the descent
several feet greater than at the Horse shoe fall, but the stream is com-
paratively shallow. The best single view of the falls is from Table
Rock, on the Canada shore, and the best view of the rapids is from
Goat Island, which is ingeniously connected by a bridge with the shore.
While curiosity constitutes an attribute of the human character, these
falls will be frequented by admiring and delighted visitors, as one of the
grandest exhibitions in nature. Well has an American poetess said of this
magnificent cataract
" Flow on forever, in thy glorious robe
Of terror and of beauty. God hath set
His rainbow on thy forehead ; and the cloud
Mantled around thy feet. And he doth give
Thy voice of thunder, power to speak of Him
Eternally bidding the lip of man
Keep silence and upon thine altar pour
Incense of awe-struck praise."
About two miles below the falls on the American side, is the Bellvue
fountain ; its waters contain sulphuric and muriatic acids, lime, and
magnesia, and are useful in scrofulous, rheumatic, and cutaneous com-
plaints. One mile further is the WHIRLPOOL, almost as famous as the
Maelstrom of Norway. Apart from the falls, the region of the Niagara
strait is one of deep interest, from historical reminiscences, its many objects
of curiosity, its picturesque scenery, &c
60 STATE OF NEW YORK-
OSWEGO is situated on both sides of the Oswego river, at its entrance
into Lake Ontario, 185 miles from Albany. It has a good harbor protected
by two stone piers, and contains a custom-house, a court-house, a bank,
7 churches, an academy, a seminary, and 4,500 inhabitants. Stages leave
daily for Syracuse, and 3 times a week for Sacketts Harbor, Watertown,
and Ogdensburg ; for Utica via Rome ; for Auburn ; and also for Roches*
ter. Steamboats leave daily for Kingston, Sacketts Harbor, and Ogdens-
burg, and for Lewiston via Rochester.
SACKETTS HARBOR, 50 miles from Oswego, on the south side of Black
Water bay, is one of the best ports on Lake Ontario. The village con-
tains three churches, a United States Navy Yard, the Madison barracks,
and about 2,000 inhabitants.
OGDENSBURG, situated on the right bank of St. Lawrence river, 210
miles from Albany, contains 5 churches, two banks, and 3,500 inhabitants.
Stages leave daily for Utica, and for Plattsburg ; steamboats for Oswego,
Rochester, and Lewiston, and for Montreal, Can.
CLINTON, 9 miles from Utica, situated on Oriskany creek, contains the
building of Hamilton College, 4 churches, two academies, two semi-
naries, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Hamilton College, founded in 1812,
has a president, 8 professors, 487 alumni, 126 students, and 7,000 volumes
in its libraries. The commencement is on the fourth Wednesday in
August.
COOPERSTOWN is situated on a plain at the outlet of Otsego lake. The
village is handsomely laid out, and contains a court-house, 5 churches, a
bank, an academy, and about 1,500 inhabitants. The lake, 9 miles long,
is a beautiful sheet of water, and affords first-rate sport for the angler.
Stages leave daily for Albany, and for Syracuse, and 3 times a week for
Utica, and also for Binghamton.
ITHACA is prettily situated H miles from the head of Cayuga lake. It
is surrounded on three sides by an amphitheatre of hills, which rise by a
gentle ascent to the height of 500 feet ; and a part of the village lies on a
hill, commanding an extensive view of Cayuga lake and the surrounding
country. It contains a court-house, 6 churches, 3 banks, a lyceum, an
academy, and about 5,000 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for Owego, con-
necting with stages on the line of the Erie railroad. Steamboats leave
daily (.in summer") for Jluburn. Stages leave daily for Catskill, and for
Geneva ; three times a week for Albany, for Utica, for Syracuse, for
Jluburn, for Rochester via Bath, and for Jamesport.
BINGHAMTON is situated at the junction of Chenango and Susquehanna
rivers, 133 miles from Albany. It contains a court-house, an academy, 9*
churches, several extensive manufacturing establishments, and about
3,000 inhabitants. Stages leave daily (connecting with the New York
and Erie railroad} for New York, and also for Ithaca ; 3 times a week
for Albany ; for Utica ; and for Philadelphia via Wilkesbarre, Easton, &c*
PENN YAN is situated at the outlet of Crooked lake, 192 miles from
Albany, and contains a court-house, a bank, an academy, several manur
facturing establishments, and about 2,000 inhabitants.
ELMIRA, situated on the left bank of Chemung river, 195 mites from
Albany, contains a court-honse, 4 churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants.
Stages pass through it daily on the line of the New York and Erie railroad,
and also leave three times a week for Williamsport, Pa. It has a com-
munication with the Blobsburg coal-mines by canal and railroad.
RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES,
THROUGH THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
(1) FROM BOST<
EASTPORT, IV
Via, Newbur
Portsmouth, For
Brunswick, Kits
and Machias.
Eastern Railn.
To Lynn....
Salem* . .
)N
IE
vp
a,
CO
ma
5
2
4
5
4
5
2
4
L'
S
E
5
, (
XII
IS
I,
E
6
10
8
5
5
.
(
9
\
b
9
7
5
1
TO
tri,
lid
nli,
.
l'
K
20
2.
2^
34
3(
4<
42
44
4^
54
nd
6t
72
77
82
92
l(H
10.3
110
113
!!;')
12l
130
137
140
14H
isa
ir,s
n HI
m
173
179
183
192
lii:i
JIM
208
211
West Prospect . . .
Prospect
Bucksport
6!217
6223
5228
3231
14245
6251
6257
23280
4284
4 JSH
4292
7 2! (It
8307
6313
17330
6336
12348
id ex-
Mar-
of 4
N TO
N TO
zver-
H.,
Rail-
1 2
3 5
3 10
2 12
:; r,
3 21
2 23
i 2.;
5 31
1 32
' Atkinson
Plaistow
4 36
1 37
3 40
4 44
5 49
4 53
3 56
5 61
2 63
3 66
3 69
I 71
39110
rth, a
ds 3
ictur-
alls.
NDtO
.flu-
r or.
25
1 26
8 34
6 40
9 49
4 53
2 55
6 61
5 66
4 70
6 76
5 81
8 89
5 94
4 98
B 106
Orland
ELLSWORTH
N. Hancock
Franklin
Narraguagus
Harrington
East Kingston
EXETER
8. Newmarket ...
Newmarket
Durham
Madbury
Beverly
Wenham
Ipswich
Rowley
NEWBURYPORT .
Salisbury, N. H..
Seabrook
Columbia
Jonesboro*
MACHIAS....
Somersworth*
South Berwick...
To PORTLAND, (as
in No. 1, by the
Portsmouth, Sa-
co, and Portland
Railroad)
* From Somerswo
Branch Road exte
miles, to the manuf
ing villag-e of Great P
(4) FROM PORTLA
HOULTON,
Via Brunswick,
gusta, and Bang
To BRUNSWICK,
(see No. 1)
E. Machias
Dennysville
Pembroke
Hampton Falls . .
Hampton
Greenland
PORTSMOUTH ...
Portsmouth, Saco
Portland Railrc
S. Berwick, Me. .
North Berwick...
Wells
* A Branch Railro,
tends I'rom Salem to
blehead, a distance
miles.
(2) FROM BOSTO
CALAIS, ME.
To Pembroke
(see No. 1)
Elobbinstown
Calais
Kennebunk
Saco
Scarboro'
Stage.
Jr almouth . . .
(3) FROM BOSTO
PORTLAND,
Via dndover, H
hill, Exeter, JV.
and Dover.
Boston # Maine j
road.
To Charlestown..
Somerville
Vlalden
North Maiden....
South Reading . . .
Topsham
Bowdoinlmm
Richnrnd Corners
(iardiner .
Cumberland
North Yarmouth.
Freeport
Hallowell
BRUNSWICK ..
Bath
Brown's Corners .
Vassal boro'
East VassaJboro'.
China
Woolwich
WlSCASSET ....!
Sheepscot Bridge.
DamariscottttMills
Noblesboro'
Waldoboro'
Warren
Albion ....
Unity
Troy .I
Dixmont
Newbury
E. Thomaston . . .
Camden
Lincolnville
Northport
E. Northport
BELFAST
leading.. .
Vilmington....
Ballardsville....;
ANDOVER.
Hampden 1
BANOOR
1117
6123
3 26
4130
2. 32
3135
2U37
Vorth Bangor
Orono
W. Great Works.
Old Town
Vorth Andover...
Bradford
IAVERHILL '.
Miltbrd
62
ROUTES IN MAINE.
Sunkhaze
3
6
7
2
4
7
(;
2
3
10
1!)
20
6
>T
12
2
7
6
R
2
3
4
5
3
11
3
140
14H
159
it;,;
172
174
177
is:,
I'.t:,
Jll
234
24! i
TO
7
19
21
2*
34
TO
1
10
14
li
22
33
36
Guilford
Abbot
2
7
47
51
5S
Stron ' .....'
11
3
6
48
51
57
TA
cr-
10
15
25
63
72
ND
op.
A
22
1
54
60
64
L.ND
5-5
37
43
48
NI>
11.
43
70
78
!)0
97
1(13
110
LND
10
14
17
22
:-;o
38
48
ofi^oni
PHILLIPS
Passadilmkeag ...
WestEnfield
South Lincoln
Shirley
7
R
E.
6
8
7
6
2
us
N.
4
4
4
9
7
6
u&
5
5
4
5
3
H
8
us
65
72
TO
20
2:!
34
4 !
49
TA
10
14
18
2'2
31
;>
44
TA
9
14
IS
2S
2S
31
40
46
TA
q
15) FROM Auous
TO FRYEBURtf,
Via Paris and Wat
ford.
To Winthrop
Wayne 5
Greenville, at the
LAKE
(10) FROM BANGC
BROWNSVILL
East Corinth
Lincoln Centre...
North Lincoln ...
Mattawamkeag ..
Mo' uncas
Haynesville
Linneus
Atkinson
Sebec
Sorth Turner ....
Bucksfield
10
7
7
5
9
6
4
9
I.A
hr
13
6
7
3
6
9
7
6
4
I,;
7
6
8
6
5
I-.A
\.
10
B
s
s
I-J
/
L,
ID
4
3
5
8
8
10
HOULTON
(5) FROM BELFA
BANGOR.
To Swanville
(see No. 1)
Frankfort Mills...
Frankfort
Williamsburg
BROWNSVILLE...
(11) FROM AUG
TO THOMASTO
Windsor
PARIS
Vorway
Waterford
Sweden
Lovel
FRYEBURG
(16) FROM PORT
TO AUGUSTA
Via. Gray &r Wint
To Stevens'Plains
South Windsor...
W. Jefferson
Jefferson
Hampden
BANGOR
(6) FROM BANGC
CASTINE.
To Brewer
Brewer Village...
Orrington
South Orrington .
North Bucksport.
Bucksport
Orlanu
Waldoboro'
W^arreu
THOMASTON
(12) FROM AUG
TO BELFAST
ToS.Vassalboro'.
South China
Palermo
New Gloucester..
Auburn
Lewiston
Greene
Momnouth
VVinthrop
North Palermo ...
Montville
North Searsmont.
Hallowell x Roads
AUGUSTA
(17) FROM PORT
TO PARIS.
Yo Gray
North Castine....
CASTINE
(7) FROM BANGOR TO
ELLSWORTH.
To Brewer 1
BELFAST
(13) FROM Auc
TO QUEBEC
W. Gloucester ...
East Brewer
North Ellsworth .
Ellsworth
b
!
11
03
)R
.
5
4
16
27
130
TO
1
Waterville
9
4
10
2
B
S
4
5
3
3
14
(
9
<)
10
a
94
}U
5
11
4
18
2-
32
34
31
47
51
56
a
62
7t
HL
91
111
ta
141
234
3TA
li?
1
37
Norway
From Ellsworth to
Eastp't, see No.
(8) FROM BANG<
SKOWHEGAI*
To Hermon
Carmel
Bloomfield
Skowhegan
NoRRIDGEWOCK.
Madison
(18) FROM PORT
TO LANCASTER, J
To Norway
Anson
Embden
Solon
Bethel
Gilead
Shelburn.N.H...
Randolph
Kilkenny
Newport
Palmyra
Pittsfield
7
5
j
i
OR
VK
ll
2o
30
3b
4:
52
TO
E,
13
2-
ll
Currituck
The Forks
Jackman's
Moose River
Jefferson
LANCASTER
(19) FROM PORT
TO WATERFOI
South Windham .
Windham
North Windham.
SKOWHEGAN
(9) FROM BANG
MOOSE HEAD L
Via Dover.
To Levant
1 QUEBEC
(14) FROM Auc
TO PHILLIPS
To Readfield
Mt. Vernon
East Corinth
VV. Charleston . . .
Dover
Suiigerville
Farmington Falls.
Farmington
WATERFORD ....
ROUTES IN NEW HAMPSHIRE.
63
(20) FROM PORI
TO CONWAY, N
To Sacarappa
(see No. 1)
Gorham
JT
4 1(
7 17
8 25
9 34
6 40
8 48
81 56
LAND
JVew-
'ern.
and
ad.
8 13
(23) F'.M PORTSM
N. H., TO CONC
1 To Durham
NottinghamTurn-
pike
OUTH
ORD.
17
9 26
34 2','.
:>..>. 33
6 39
4 43
8 51
IRTO
.
4
4 8
5 13
:RTO
r.
3 '
9
, '(28) FROM Coi
TO CONWAY
To Shaker Village
Upper Gilmanton
Guilford
tCORD
14
8 22
6 28
9 37
4 41
5 46
3 49
7 56
2 58
7 65
6 71
CORD
7 15
2 17
4 121
8 29
9 38
5 43
7 50
\ 54
14584
1463
4744
NTO
76
9 85
7 92
6 98
5103
8111
7118
8126
4130
1131
2143
1154
9163
8171
7178
6184
6190
7197
8205
5210
8,218
ORD
Lit
(43
2 55
1 59
In
Staiulish .
i East Northwood .
YVest North wood.
Meredith Village.
CENTRE HARBOR
Moultonboro'
Sandwich
Hiram
Brownrield
Fryeburg
1 Chichester
S. Tamworth
Tamworth
CONWAY
(24) FROM EXETI
PORTSMOUTH
To Strntham
Greenland
PORTSMOUTH
(25) FROM EXETI
NEWBURYPOR
To Kensington...
Amesbury
Salisbury
(21) FROM PORT
TO BOSTON,
Via Portsmouth,, .
buryport, and !Sa
Portsmouth, Saco,
Portland Railro
To Scarboro'
Saco
Kennebunk J
Eaton
! CONWAY
(29) FROM CON
TO HAVERHIL
Canterbury. . .
Northfield
Sanbornt'n Bridge
Sanbornton
New Hampton ...
iHolderness
Plymouth
Wells
North Berwick...
South Berwick...
PORTSMOUTH ll
Eastern Railroa
Greenland
5| 28
5 33
6l 39
21 51
d.
5 56
5 61
2 63
2 65
4 69
2 71
5 76
4 80
5 85
4 89;
3 96
9105
VTO
H.
oay,
oun-
66
3 76,
) 861
3 92
3 97
J107
3112
3118
H27
3136
H39
' ii;i;
J17!)
3.184il
Bellevilleport ....
NEWBURYPORT..
(26) FROM EXETE
CONCORD.
To Epping
2 11
2| 13
RTO
8 15
6 21
4 25
4 29
5 34
51 39
NTO
I.
hua.
Rail-
5
474
410
19
4214
d.
21 28
a so
4 34
3 37
4 41
d.
5 46
5 51
55
59
63
67
71
5 76
Rumney. .
West Rumney ...
Went worth
Warren
HAVERHILL ]
(30) FROM BOSTC
BURLINGTON,
Via Concord, Han
and Montpeliei
To CONCORD
(see No. 27)....
Boscawen
Hampton
North Raymond..
South Deerfield...
WestDeerfield...
Allenstown
Pembroke . ....
Hampton Falls...
Sea brook
Salisbury
NEWBURYPORT..
CONCORD
Ipswich . .
(27) FROM BOSTO
CONCORD, N. I
Via Lowell $ Nas
Boston $ Lowell j
road.
ToMedford
South Woburn... 2
Woburn.. $
VVenham
Salisbury
Beverly
Andover . . .
Salem
Wilmot ..
Springfield
BOSTON
Enfield....
(22) FROMBOSTO
LITTLETON, N.
Via Dover, Com
and the White M
tains.
To DOVER
(see No. 3)
gochester 1
Lilton 1
Union
Lebanon .
HANOVER
Norwich ....
Stafford 1
Wilmington i
Billerica 4
Washington
Billerica Mills....!
LOWELL 4
MONTPELIER ....
vi : i j| tt ._
Nashua Railroa
To Middlesex....
Chelmsford...
Waterbury
Bolton
Richmond
Willston
Waketield
Ossipee 1
Centre Ossipee...
West Ossipee....
Eaton
Little's
NASHUA
Concord Railroa
Thornton's Ferry.
Reed's Ferry
GotFs Falls
Manchester
Martin's Ferry ...
Hooksett
Robertson's Ferry
CONCORD
BURLINGTON
(31) FROM CONC:
TO GUILDHALL
Via Plymouth and
tleton.
To PLYMOUTH
(see No. 29)....
West Thornton . . 1
Woodstock
franconia 1
CONWAY .
North Con way...
Lower Bartlett . . .
Bartlett .
The Notch 2
Bethlehem 1
LlTTLKTON
64
ROUTES IN VERMONT.
LITTLETON
Pingreeville
Dalton
Lancaster
GUILDHALL
(32) FROM CON
TO KEENE.
To Hopkinton ...
Henniker
Hillsboro' Bridge.
Hillsboro'
CO
8
6
:i
\-l
H
10
JA
^t
R
3
9
7
3
9
7
5
8
4
85
1)1
98
105
111
RB
7
15
21
24
36
41
54
TO
oy-
12
24
31
34
43
50
5,"
63
67
Chesterfield Fac. .
Jhesterh'eld
BRATTLEBORO' ..
(36) FROM Lovi
Mass., TO BRAI
BORO', Vt.
North Chelmsford
8
i
8|
'E
TJ
3
3
6
4
2
6
11
7
7
6
6
7
)N
"cc
Hi
J
at
oa
4
2i
4
5
4
4
5
5
5
9
9
12
4
5
5
5
9
5
8
57
60
68
LL,
,E-
4
7
10
16
20
11
2*
89
46
53
53
eg
72
TO
ne,
ts t
id-
tie-
d.
6
10
18*
16
20
2.,
27
31
35
40
45
50
57
64
73
77
86
98
102
107
112
117
126
7
f
8
25
11
11
Li
LSI
9
, T
i
a
9
5
14
4
7
7
G1
c
6
3
8
4
6
6
6
<l
7
10
9
8
6
6
24
4
6
Gl
N.
i
206
216
230
255
280
J.I4
305
uo-
rn
329
>E-
^L-
nd
2
9
18
23
37
41
48
55
67
71
77
^ON
as-
8
14
21
24
31
39
43
49
55
61
70
77
87
96
104
110
116
140
144
150
ON
Y.
24
30
Ferrisburg
Charlotte
Shelburn
BURLINGTON
Steamboat.
PLATTSBURG,
Pyngsboro'
Dunstable
Fepperell
Rouse's Point
Isle aux Noix
St. Johns, Canada
C/iamvlain <& St.
rence Railroac
La Prairie
Townsend Harbor
Townsend. . . .
South Stoddard . .
Nelson
Ashley
KEENE
(33) FROMNASHI
MONTPELIER, "
Via Windsor and
alton.
To Amherst
Mt. Vernon
Francestown
West Deering....
Hillsboro'
Rindge, N. H. ...
Fitzwilliara
Richmond. . . .
Steamboat.
MONTREAL I
(38) FROM BRAI
BORO', Vt., TO
BANY, N. Y.,
Via Bennington
Troy.
To West Brattle-
Winchester
Hinsdale
BRATTLEBORO'..
(37) FROM BOST
MONTREAL,
Via Fitchbtirg, R
N.H., Bellows' j
Vt., Rutland,
dlebury, and Br
boro'.
Fitckburg Railr
ToW. Cambridge
Washington
Lempster
Wilmington
Unity
Wood lord
Claremont
BENNINGTON
Hoosick
West Claremont. .
WINDSOR, Vt
Woodstock
Barnard
ROYALTON
Randolph
1
14
9
6
5
6
6
3
LTA
N.
8
7
r
10
B
8
1
87
96
10L
107
113
119
126
12
TO
11
]!
a
3!
4"
f>:
61
68
TO
t.
1
It
18
2-.
3
3t
44
49
Weston
Lansingburg
TROY
Lincoln . .
Concord
South Acton
West Acton
ALBANY
(39) FR'MBURLIN
TO ALBANY,
Via Middlebury ,
tleton.
To Shelburn
Charlotte
Ferrisburg
Brookrield
Williamstown
Berlin
Groton . . .
Shirley Village...
Leominster
MONTPELIER ....
(34) FROM NASH
CHARLESTOW
ToMilford
.South Lyndboro'.
Greenfield
FlTCHBURO
Stage.
Ashburnharn
Winchenden
Fitzwilliam.N.H.
Vergennes
New Haven
MIDDLEBURY
Hancock
Stoddard
South Marlboro'..
Alstead
Langdon
KEENE ..
Whiting
Walpole
BELLOWS' FALLS
Rockingham
Sudbury
Hubbardton
CASTLETON
Poultney
CHARLESTOWN.. 7
(35) FROM NASHUA
BRATTLEBORO', V
Via Keene.
To Milf'ord . . .
Chester
Granville, N.Y...
Hebron
r ii
Salem
Mt Holly
Jackson
Finlayville
East Clarendon...
RUTLAND
Pittstord
7
6
4
8
8
5
4
10
5
8
Mi!
152
K>6
172
177
181
191
199
Cambridge
Lansingburg
TROY
ALBANY
East Wilton
Wilton
5
2
4
b
(
&
e
(40) FR'M BURLIN
TOWHITEHALL,
To Vergennes
(see No. 39)....
TTemple
Leicester
Salisbury
Dublin ...
MlDDLEBURY
Wey bridge
New Haven
Marlboro*
ROUTES IN MASSACHUSETTS.
65
Shoreham
Orwell
6
6
6
6
8
GT
LI
1
6
8
9
Gl
4
4
Hi
3
9
1!!
9
6
3
8
6
%
1
5
8
7
6
t;
9
6
1
12
t;
5
13
12
:LI
12
6
1
44
50
56
70
ON
IG,
6
12
18
24
32
41
ON
8
12
16
38
4*
57
68
6i ;
74
80
S'O-
TE
At-
8
13
21
2*
34
40
56
t;u
70
77
81*
95
113
134
146
ER
8
20
26
31
43
Fairfield
ST. ALBANS
(45) F'MMONTPI
TO DERBY.
To Calais
!
:L
6
6
5
12
9
ft
7
5
4
9
4
BL
.
12
4
7
8
5
y'D
H.
8
H
6
5
2
4
Gl
7
6
3
2
5
9
3
6
56
63
ER
10
16
2-2
27
39
42
49
58
ER
i.
6
13
18
2-2
31
35
RY
8
20
24
31
44
TO
12
20
27
33
39
44
46
TO
12
17
20
24
ON
i
22
24
2!!
37
4i)
55
RO' TO DERBY LIN
Via Bellows 3 Fa
Windsor, Hanoz
and Haverhill.
To Chesterfield,
N H
K,
Us,
er,
8
14
22
26
52
59
67
71
81
88
93
98
101
107
115
118
125
129
136
145
156
1H3
172
175
TO
nd
Icr
5
7
9
13
17
21
24
28
32
38
44
i
62
64
67
b-9
73
83
89
92
98
Benson
W T est Haven
WHITEHALL
(41) FR'M BURLIN
TO PHILLIPSI
Canada.
To Colchester ....
West Milton
LaMoilleville....
Westmoreland . . .
Walpole
6
8
4
8
9
9
7
8
4
10
5
5
3
i!
8
3
7
4
7
9
'!
!i
3
)N
C
CCS
2
2
4
4
3
4
4
6
6
in!
9
4
5
2
3
2
4
HI
6
3
6
Glover
BELLOWS' FALLS
Vt
Georgja
ST. ALBANS
High Gate
Brownington
Derby
Chartestown, NH.
Wethersfield
WINDSOR
(46) F'MMONTPI
TO HAVERHILL,.
To Barre
Phillipsburg
(42) FR'M BURLIN
TO DERBY.
To Essex
Plainfield
West Lebanon...
HANOVER
Lyme
Orford
Jericho
Underbill
West'Topsham ..
East Corinth
Bradford
HAVERHILL
Newbury, Vt
Wells' River
Mclndoes' Falls. .
Barnet
Cambridge
Jerfersonville
Johnson
Eden
HAVERHILL
(47) F'M MIDDLE
TO ROYALTO1<
ToRipton
Hancock
Lowell
Westfield
Troy
Passumsic
St. Johnsbury
Lyndon
Sutton
Derby
(43) FROM BUR
TON TO THE W
MOUNTAINS,
Via Montpelier <
tleton.
ToWilliston
Richmond
Bolton
Rochester
Stockbridge
Bethel . ...
Barton
Brownington
Derby...
Derby Line. . . .
Royalton
(48}FR'MRUTLAT
HANOVER, N.
To Sherburn
Bridgewater
Woodstock
(52) FROM BOST
ALBANY,
Via Worcester
Springfield.
Boston and Wor
Railroad.
To Brighton
Angier's Corner..
Newton
Needham ...
Q,ueechee Villa ge .
Hartford
Waterbury
Middlesex
MoNTPELIER
Plainfield
Marshfield
HANOVER .
(49) FR'M RUTLAI
WHITEHALL, J\ T
To Castleton
Fair Haven
Low Hampton . . .
WHITEHALL
(50) F'M BENNIN
TO RUTLAND
ToShaftsbury....
Arlington
Danville
St. Johnsbury
Waterford
Littleton, N. H...
Bethlehem
Natick
Framingham
Hopkinton
Southboro' ..
Westboro'
Notch, House
Bartlett
Grafton
WORCESTER
Western Railro
Clappville. . .
CON WAY .
(44) F'MMONTP
TO ST. ALB AN
Via Johnson
To Worcester . . .
Elmore
Morrisville
Hyde Park
Johnson . .
Charlton .
Spencer
Sunderland
Manchester
East Brookfield . .
South Brookfield.
West Brookfield .
Warren
Palmer
North Wilbraham
Wilbrnharn
SPRINGFIELD ...
Factory Point
Bast Dorset
Dunby
Wallmgford......
Waterville
RUTLAND
ROUTES IN MASSACHUSETTS.
W. Springfield...
Westlield . .
2
8
8
3
ti
10
3
5
3
5
3
<*<
d.
5
5
5
7
8
1
m
w
4
5
2
4
5
2
15
4
5
8
12
5
5
si
6
5
5
2
6
5
3
5
4
S'l
W
6
6
5
6
12
100
108
116
119
\'2 : ,
135
138
!!:]
L46
151
i;,ii
158
Lffl
ck-
167
178
177
184
192
!!:
2ui>
TIG
N.
8
12
1!)
23
2S
30
45
4!)
T>4
62
74
79
84
ER
13
IS
2:;
2.,
31
36
89
44
48
ER
.
13
20
21 i
31
37
41
53
(56)FR'MWORCES1
TO KEENE, N. H
To Holden . . .
^ER
17
23
36
38
43
51
56
KR
Vt.
17
21
*
53
58
65
ER
21
28
31
40
it;
53
3K-
rn-
6
13
25
30
33
)E-
H
20
LD
6
9
15
25
29
31
34
36
41
45
54
Boston and Worcester
Railroad.
Graflon fi fift
Russell
Chester Village^..
Chester Factory..
North Becket ....
Washington
Hinsdale
Hubbardton
Templeton
Baldwinsville
Royalton
Richmond, N. H.
Swansea
KEENE
(57) FR'M WORCE
TO BRATTLEBOR<
To Paxton . . .
9
6
3
7
10
8
5
)',
10
4
7
8
6
11
5
7
si
D.
7
3
9
6
10
>R
7
12
5
3
Rl
ST
10
FII
ad
3
6
10
4
3
5
4
9
Westboro'
6 66
4 70
4 74
3 77
4 81
4 85
4 89
2 91
2 93
5 98
-TO
R.R.
3! 3 I
5 13
4 17
i 2H
4 2
3 28i
4 35
2 36
7143
lOl 53
3 5
is to
lies.
IELD
D,
4 8
2 10
4 14
3 17
3 20
5 33
5 38
7 45
PT'N
1 6
5 11
5 16
ill 97
NTO
inff-
and
93
Sonthboro'. ..
Hopkinton
Framingham
Natick
PlTTSFIELD
Shaker Village...
Richmond
Needham
Newton
Angier's Corner..
Brighton
Albany and W. *
bridge Railroa
Canaan, N. Y. ..
East Chatham
Chatham
Kinderhook
Schodack
Greenbush
ALBANY.
BOSTON
(62) F'MSPRINOF
BRATTLEBORO',
Connecticut River
ToCabotville*..
Willimansell....
Smith's Ferry...
NORTHAMPTON.
Hatfield
Cold brook
Barre
Petersham
N. New Salem...
[rvingsville
North field
Vernon, Vt
BRATTLEBORO'..
(58) FR'M WORCE
TO GREENFIEI
To Barre.
<53) FROM FITCH
TO WlLLIAMSTC
To Westminster
(see No. 37) ....
South Gardiner ..
Whately..
South Deerfield.
Deerfield
GREENFIELD ...
Stage.
Bernardston
Guilford.Vt
BRATTLEBORO'.
* A branch extent
Chicopee Falls, 2 m
(63) F'M SPRINGF
TO GREENFIEL
Via Amherst.
To Cabotville ....
Willimansett
S. Had ley Falls..
South Had ley ....
Holyoke Place...
Hadley
Dana
Templeton
Phillipstown
Athol
Millington
Lock's Village...
South Orange ....
Irvingsville. . . .
GREENFIELD
(59) FROM W. Bi
FIELD TO N(
AMPTON.
To Ware, (see
No. 52)
Enfield. . .
GREENFIELD
Shelburn
Shel burn Falls ...
Charlemont
Florida
North Adams
WlLLIAMSTOWN.
(54) FR'M WORCE
TO LOWELL
To West Boylston
Sterling
Lancaster
Shirley Village . . .
Shirley
Amherst
Hadley
NORTHAMPTON..
(60) FR'M PALME
POT TO AMHER
To Belchertown
(see No. 52) ....
AMHERST
North Amherst...
Sunderland
Montague
GREENFIELD
(64) F'M NORTHAM
TO ALBANY, N.
ToW T . Hampton.!
Norwich
Chester Village..
ALBANY, (see
No 52) K
Forge Village
Westfbrd
(61) F'M SPRING
TO BOSTON.
Western Railro
To Wilbraham...
North Wilbraham
Palmer
Chelmsford
LOWELL .
(55) FR'M WORCE
TO NASHUA, N
Via Fitchburt
To West Boylston
Sterling
(65) FROM BOSTO
NEW YORK,
Via Worcester, Spi
field, Hartford*
New Haven.
To SPRINGFIELD,
(see No. 52) ....
Warren
W. Brookfield....
N. Brookfield ....
E. Brookfield
Spencer
Charlton
Clappville
Leominster
FITCHBURG
Lunenburg
Groton
NASHUA . . ,
WORCESTER ....
ROUTES IN MASSACHUSETTS.
67
Hartford SrSprii
Railroad.
Thompsonville...
Windsor Locks ..
gfiela
8106
5111
611
7124
fave
81132
313
714
614
615
7160
80 tl
NTO
JVor-
rrt.
44
ester
11 55
5 60
4 64
6 70
5 75
3 78
6 84
3 87
6 93
0103
7110
10140
16236
8118
0238
N TO
and
ence
Providence fr Sto
ton Railroad
nine
8 a
(70) FROM BOSTC
NEW YORK
Old Colony Raili
Dorchester
)N TO
oad.
1* 4*
3i 8
3 11
oad-
8| 19
733A
74 41
12 53
181 71
wl236
HTO
17
4 21
3 24
4 28
4 32
4 36
41 40
H TO
>.
H5
21
27
32
33
a TO
8 17
5 22
9 30
ORD
'> 6
3 11
3 17
I 20
J 30
ORD
le.
39
> 65
3RD
11
Greenwich
HARTFORD
Wickford
6 59
7 66
6 72
7 1\
54; 8i
25(21
NT
),
Fall
24
oad.
5 29
7 36
6 42
4 56
Vail-
^ree-
1 53
tTO
fina-
le.
ad.
B
8
10
HI
18*
1
I*
40
54
56
62
66
72
75
76
79
87
92
Neponset
(luincy
Hartford&Newl
Railroad.
New Britain
Berlin
Richmond
South Braintree.
Fall River Railr
N. Bridgewater.
Bndgewater
Middleboro'
Myricks....
Charleston
Westerly
STONINGTON
Steamboat.
To NEW YORK..!
(68) FROM BOSTO
NEW BEDFORI
Via Taunton and
River Branch
To Mansfield
(see No. 67) ....
Taunton Br. Rath
Meriden
Wallingford
North Haven
NEW HAVEN
Steamboat.
To NEW YORK..
(66) FROMBOSTC
NEW YORK,
Via Worcester,
wick, <Sr Greenp
To WORCESTER,!
(see No. 52) ...J
Norwich $ Wore
Railroad.
Oxford
FALL RIVER....
Steamboat.
Newport 1
VEW YORK.... |1
(72.) F'M PLYMOUI
FALMOUTH.
To W. Sandwich.
Monument
'ocasset
TAUNTON
N. Falmouth
iY. Falmouth....
Falmouth
JVcto Bedford Railt
Freetown* . . .
Wood's Hole
(73) F'M PLYMOUT
NEW BEDFORI
NEW BEDFORD.. 1
* The Fall River ,
road extends I'm 3
town
To Fall River ..
(see No. 83).... 1
(69) FROM BOSTO
ORLEANS,
Via Plymouth, 8
wich, <V Bamstai
Old Colony Railro
To Savin Hill....
)orchester
Neponselt 1
Webster
Fishersville
Pom fret
Daysville
V. Wareham.... 6
Rochester 6
Danielsville
Central Village..
Plainfield.
Hattipoisett fc
''air Haven j
>JEW BEDFORD .. ]
74) F'M PLYMOUT
TAUNTON.
'o Plympton
liddleboro'
V. Middleboro' ..
'AUNTON
75) F'M NEWBEDF
TO SANDWICH.
'o Fair Haven...
lattipoisett
Jewett City
NORWICH. 1
Allyn's Point*....
Steamboat.
To Green port,NY c
L. Island R. R.
To NEW YORK..
* Steamboat.
To New London .
NEW YORK 12
(67) FROM BOSTO
NEW YORK,
Via Providence
Stoningion.
Boston and Provid
Railroad.
To Roxbury
CJ,u i ncy 3
\. Braintree 2
W. Braintree.... 1
^. Weymouth 3
Abington 4
5. Abington 1
Wareham
Halifax 3
E. Wareham
andwich 1
76) F'M NEWBEDF
TO NANTUCKET
Via Holmes' s Ho
Steamboat.
olmes's Hole . . .
antucket . 2f
Jamaica Plains... 1
Toll Gate 1
i 3
$1
H4
i 17i
'LYMOUTH 4
Stage.
Cel River. . ;
Dedham Low Pl'n 4
Ca nton 5
W Sandwich 14
Sharon 3
ANDWICH $
i21
24
^261
,31
i :L>i
^35
J39
II4U
{ j. Sandwich 1
Mansfield 3
Toby's Corner.... 2
Attleborough 4
Dodgeville 1
Perrin's Crossing. 2
Seekonk. . 4
W. Barnstable ... 4
ARNSTABLE
Tarmouthport I
Yarmouth . 1
7) F'M NEWBEDF
TO PROVIDENCE
\> N. Dartmouth
Westport |4i
all River 8
Dennis 3
rewster 8
rleans o
PROVIDENCE 2
68
ROUTES IN RHODE ISLAND.
Swansea
S. Seekonk
PROVIDENCE
(78) FR'M TAUNTON TO
SANDWICH.
To Middleboro' ..
S. Middleboro' . . .
Wurelmm
Sandwich
(79) FROM BOSTON TO
WOONSOCKET FALLS,
R. L
ToUedham
W. Dedham
Med field
Rockville
Franklin City ..
Franklin
WOONSOCKET
FALLS
10
(80) FROM LOWELL TO
NEWBURYPORT,
Via, Haver hill.
To Dracut ,
Methuen
Huverhill
E. Haverhill
W. Amesbury...
Arnesbury
Salisbury
Bellevilleport....
NEWBURYPORT.
(81) FROM SALEM T(
ROCKPORT.
To Manchester...! J !
Gloucester I 7| It
Rockport I 51 2.
(82) FROM FALL RIVER
TO NEWPORT, R. i.
ToTiverton I I i
Portsmouth I 31 !
NEWPORT i 91 1
(83) FR'M PROVIDENCE
TO NEW BEDFORD,
) FR'M PROVIDENCE
TO BOSTON.
Boston and Providence
Railroad.
To Seekonk 2J
3 errin's Crossing.
Dodgeville
Attleboro'.
Poby's Corner
Mansfield
Foxboro'
Canton
Dedham Low PI'..
Toll Gate
Jamaica Plain ...
Roxbury
BOSTON
-.
:;
3*24
16) FR'M PROVIDENCE
TO WORCESTER,
Via Woonsocket Falls.
To Pawtucket. . . .
Lime Rock
WOONSOCKET
FALLS
.........
Waterfbrd .......
Blackstone .......
Millville
Mass.
To S. Seekonk . . .
N. Swansea
Swansea
Fuji River
Westpnrt
N. Dartmouth....
NEW BEDFORD ..
ve ..........
Uxbridge .........
Whitingville
Northbridge ......
Farmersville
Wilkinsonville...
Milbury ..........
WORCESTER ...
(87) FR'M PROVIDENCE
TO THOMPSON, Ct.
To Fruit Hill ..... I I
Greenville ........ 5 .
Chepacket ....... 7 16
Thompson ....... |1
(88) FR'M PROVIDENCE
TO KlLLINGLY, Ct.
To N. Scituate... I ! 10
Foster ............ I 9l 19
IE. Killinsly ...... 61 25
(84) FR'M PROVIDENCE
TO NEWPORT.
To Barrington
Bristol
6 14
4 18
Killi.igly... I 21 27
89) FR'M PROVIDENCE
TO PLAINFIELD, Ct.
ToS. Scituate ...
Mt. Vernon
Rice City .
it ice ouy i if>
Sterling, Ct 5 24
Plainfield I 4| 28
(90) FR'M PROVIDENCE
TO N. LONDON, Ct.
irisioi 4i .10 jToNatick... I I 9
'ortsmouth 6 24 ICentrevitle 2 11
hcwPORT'.. .:...' 9| 33 (Coventry ...I 2l 13
N. Greenwich...
Pine Hill
kand's IronW'ks
lopkinton
V. Stpnington,Ct.
Vlystick
iroton Centre
Jrroton
NEW LONDON
,91) FR'M PROVIDENCE
TO STONINGTON.Ct.
Providence & Stoning-
ton Railroad.
To Apponag
Greenwich
^Vickford
Kingston
Richmond
Charleston
Westerly
STONINGTON
TJ
. 18
7 25
31
7 38
4*42J
5H8
FR'M PROVIDENCE
TO WlCKFORD.
To Pawtucket.... I 5
Warwick | 6 11
E.Greenwich 13 14
Wickford I 8122
(93) FROM HARTFORD
TO SPRINGFIELD.
Hartford $ Springfield
Railroad.
To Windsor
Windsor Locks ..
Thompsonville. . .
SPRINGFIELD
(94) FROM HARTFORD
TO NEW HAVEN.
Hartford $ New Haven
Railroad.
\ 7
6 13
5 18
1 8
11
18
24
To New Britain..
Berlin
Meriden
Wallingford......
North Haven
NEW HAVEN
(95) FROM HARTFORD
TO NEW HAVEN,
Via Middletown.
To Wethersfield. .
Rocky Hill
Up'r Middletown.
.Middletown
Durham
Northford
Fair Haven
NEW HAVEN
ROUTES IN CONNECTICUT.
9
(96) FROM HARTFORD
TO SAYBROOK.
To Mkldletown..
Higgamum
Ha.idam .
E. Haddam
Chester. .
Deep River
Essex
SAYBROOK
(97) FROM HARTFORD
TO NEW LONDON.
To E.Hartford... 1
Glastonbury
Marlboro'
Colchester
Salem .
Chesterfield
NEW LONDON...
(98) FROM HARTFORD
TO NORWICH,
Via Colchester.
To Colchester .... I
Bozrah 1
Norwich I (
(99) FROM HARTFORD
TO NORWICH.
ToE. Hartford...
Manchester
Bolton
Andover. . -
Columbia
Liberty Hill
Lebanon
Franklin
Norwichtown
NORWICH
(100) FROM HARTFORD
TO W. KlLLINGLY.
To Manchester
(see No. 99)....
Coventry ........
S. Coventry
1*7:11:
TiHimantic
Windham
Howard Valley...
Brooklin
W.Killingly
(101) FROM HARTFORD
TO KlLLINGLY.
To Coventry . . .
Mansfield
Ashford
Abington
Pomfret Landing.
Singly
(102) FROM HARTFORD
TO WlLBRAHAM, Ms.
ToE. Windsor...! 7
Scantic Village .. 6, 13
Broad Brook | 3i 16
Somers . . .
N. Somers. . _.
Wilbraham | 7|
(103) FROM HARTFORD
TO WESTFIELD, Ms.
ToBloomfield....
TaritfVille,
Granby
Srmthwick, Mass.
Westfield,
(104) FROM HARTFORD
TO CANAAN.
To W. Hartford.
Avon.
Canton
Collinsville
New Hartford. . .
Winchester
Millbrook
Norfolk
CANAAN
37
43
(105) FROM HARTFORD
TO LlTCHFIELD.
To W.Hartford..
Farmington
Bristol
Terrysville
Plymouth
Northfield
LlTCHFIELD
(106) F'M NORWICH
WORCESTER, Ma:
CH TO
".ass.
Norwich <$r Worcester
Railroad.
To Jewett's City.
Plainfield
Central Village...
Uanielsville
Daysville
Pomfret
Fishersville
Webster, Mass. . .
Oxford
ORCESTER
(107) F'M NORWICH TO
NEW YORK.
Railroad. I I
To Allyn's Point. 7
Steamboat.
NEW YORK 1421149
(108) F'M NORWICH TO
SPRINGFIELD, Mass.
To Norwichtown.
Franklin
Windham
Mansfield
Tolland
Ellington
Somers
E. Long Meadow.
SPRINGFIELD ....
5
10| 24
6| 30
6 42
7 49
5, 54
(109) FR'M N. LONDON
TO STONIN&TON.
ToGroton...
Pequot
Mystick..
Porte rsville
Mystick Bridge...
STONINGTON
(110) F'M NEW HAVEN
TO NEW LONDON.
ToE. Haven
Branford
Guilford
Madison
Clinton
Westbrook
SAYBROOK
Lyme
E. Lyme
Riverhead
Waterford
NEW LONDON
(111) F'M NEW HAVEN
TO SPRINGFIELD.
Hartford <& New Have*.
Railroad.
To North Haven .
Wallingford
Meriden
Berlin
New Britain
HARTFORD
Hartford &r Springjield
Railroad.
Windsoi
54
soi
Windsor Locks ..
Thompsonville ...
SPRINGFIELD
(112) F'M NEW HAVEN
TO BOSTON,
Via Springjield,
(See No. 125)....! 1100
FROM NEW HAVEN TO
ALBANY, N.Y.,
Via Springjield.
To Springfield
(see No. 111)....
ALBANY II
(113) F'M NEW HAVEN
TO LlTCHFIELD.
ToWestville..
Straitsville __
"Vaugatuck 3
rVaterbury 5
Watertown
LlTCHFIELD
70
ROUTES IN NEW YORK.
(114) F'M NEW HAVEN
TO LlTCHIflELD,
Via Derby.
To Derby
Humphreysville ..
Oxford
Southbury :.
Wood bury
Bethlehem
South Farms
LITCHFIELD
34
_ 37
8 45
(115) F'M NEW HAVEN
TO FARMINGTON.
To liamden
Cheshire,
8 14
7 21
Southington..... .
Plamville
FARMINGTON
(116) F'M NEW HAVEN
TO NEW YORK,
Via Bridgeport and
Norwalk.
(See No. 126) ....I I 78
(117) F'M NEW HAVEN
TO NEW YORK.
Steamboat.
To Bridgeport.... I 120
NEW YORK 160| 80
(118) F'M BRIDGEPORT
TO ALBA.NY, N. Y.,
Via West Stockbridge.
Hoitsatonic R. R.
To Stepney.......
Bottstord
Newtown
Huwleyville
Brookrield
NEW MILFORD ..
Gaylord's Bridge.
Kent.
Cornwall Bridge .
Cornwall
Canaan
Mass. State Line.
Berkshire and West
Stockbridge R- R.
Sheffield
Great Barrington.
Van Deusetiville .
W. STOCKBRIDGE
N. Y. State Line. I
Albany and W. Stock-
bridge Railroad.
Canaan .
Chatham 4 Corn's
Kinderhook
Schodack _
ALBANY 1 8136
(119) F'M LITCHFIELD
TO W. CORNWALL.
To Goshen
(see No. 118) ...
Cornwall
W. CORNWALL..
(120) F'M LITCHFIELD
TO NEW MILFORD.
To Woodville.... 7
New Preston 4 11
North vi lie 4 15
NEW MILFORD... 4 19
(121) FR'M NEW YORK
TO BOSTON,
Via Oreenport, Nor-
wich, <Sr Worcester.
To BROOKLYN . . .
L. Island R. R.
East New York . .
Union Course
Brushville
Hempstead Br....
Carl Place
Hicksyille
Farmingdale
Deerpark
Suffolk Station ..
Medfbrd
St. George's Man.
Riverhead
Mattetuck
Southold
Greenport
Steamboat.
To New London .
Allyn's Point
Norwich d* Worcester
Railroad.
NORWICH
Mansfield
Foxboro
Sharon
Canton
24120
Jewett's City
Plainrield
rituuueiu .........
Central Village ..
Danielsville ......
Daysville .........
Pomfret
..........
Fishersville .......
Webster, Mass. . .
Oxford ...........
WORCESTER .....
3154
3163
5168
4178
5183
11194
Boston and Worcester
Railroad.
Grafton ..........
Westboro' .......
Southboro' .......
lopkinton .......
ramingham .....
Natick ...........
Needham ........
Newton ..........
Angier's Corner..
Brighton .........
BOSTON .........
(122) F'M NEW YORK
TO BOSTON,
Via Stonington and
Providence.
Steamboat. \ I
To STONINGTON. I |125
Providence d; Stoning-
ton Railroad.
Westerly . . .
Charleston .
Richmond..
Kingston ...
Wickford . .
Greenwich .
Apponag
PROVIDENCE.
5i 130J
4^135
142
148
155
161
Boston and Providence
Railroad.
Seekonk.
Perrin's Crossing 4
Dodgeville
Attleborouffh
2^175
----
Toby's Corner...
2k 190
3 193
3il96i
3^00
Dedham Low PI.
Jamaica Plains..
Roxbury
BOSTON
(123) F'M NEW YORK
TO BOSTON,
Via New Haven, Hart-
ford, Springfield, (-
Worcester.
Steamboat.
Blackwell's Isl. ..
Hell Gate. . .
Brothers' Island..
Throg's Neck
New Rochelle
Captain's Island .
Greenwich Point .
Shippan Point
Norwalk Islands .
Black Rock
Bridgeport
Stratford
Neck Point
NEW HAVEN
Hartford d- New Haven
Railroad.
To North Haven
Wallingford
Meriden
Berlin
New Britain
HARTFORD . _
Hartford fr Springjield
Railroad.
Windsor 171121
Windsor Locks.. I elliff
7185
5 90
6 96
7103
3106
8114
ROUTES IN NEW YORK.
71
18
an
(
!
u
4
5
9
CCi
44
IK
JY
*t.
10
5
4
4
6
6
ti
(i
8
4
7
ito
d.
I
1
Utt
d.
5
Hi
8
8
140
U6
r.,
165
169
174
176
181
185
194
ter
238
TO
60
70
75
79
83
*
i in
107
115
119
126
0*.
140
146
148
156
158
ck-
163
173
180
IS8
Darien
Norwalk
2
(
4
4
2
4
|
4'-'
48
56
68
62
( J 5
Tarry town
Sing Sing
b
4
8
2
4
6
4
6
4
6
3
1
5
N
3
4
2
4
5
3
fo
.'/>
6
3
10
9
11
10
fi
24
id
i)
11
U.
14
2i
14
11
7,6
I.
15
9j
fti
1
27
33
40
44
52
54
57
61
67
70
74
80
84
97
100
101
111
11
124
127
131
133
137
142
14 1
Western Railrt
Wilbraham
Palmer
Warren
Westport
Verplanck's Poinl
Cnldwell's Land'g
WEST POINT ....
Cold Spring
Cornwall
Fairfield
BRIDGEPORT
Stratford
West Brookfield .
East Brookfield ..
Spencer
Milford
NEW HAVEN
(126) F'M NEW
TO ALBANY.
Harlem Railro
To Harlem
Fordham
Williams' Bridge.
Hunt's Bridge
Tucknhoe
1
Yc
ad
?
I
6
2
6
5
2
5
ctei
4
5
6
6
4
7
68
78
RK
&
18
an
24
"&
34
40
t?
52
ted
RK
13
17
2-2
28;
34
38
45
Newburgh
New Hamburgh .
Milton
Clappville . ...
PorGHKEEPSIE..
Hyde Park . . .
WORCESTER
Boston and Wor
Railroad.
To BOSTON
(see No. 121) ...
(124) F'M N. Yoi
ALBANY & TR
Via Bridgepo
Steamboat.
To Bridgeport, Ct
Housatonic R. R.
Stepney
Pelham
Rhinebeck . ..
Red Hook, Lower
Red Hook, Upper
Sangerties
^ATTSKILL
HUDSON
Coxsiickie
Hart's Corners
WHITE PLAINS . .
Unionville
Pleasantville
New Castle
Mechanicsville..
Golden 's Bridge.
Croton Falls....
This road is to be e
to Albany.
(127) F'M NEW"
TO ALBANY.
To King's Bridge.
Yonkers
Kinderhook L'd'g
\. Baltimore
Joey mans
Jastleton
Overslaugh
ALBANY
Bottsford
Newtown
Hawleysville
Srookfield
ew Milford
Gaylord's Bridge.
Kent
(129) F'M NEW'
TO MONTREAI
Via JUImnti, Trc
Whitehall.
Steamboat.
To ALBANY
RK
145
151
154
180
191
J01.
208
217
241
251
260
271
>:5
_W
J49
i63
374
w-
389
398
RK
24
Cornwall Bridge .
Cornwall
Dobb's Ferry
Stage.
[jansiojrburgh
Schagticoke
Kaston
Mass. State Line.
Berkshire & W.
bridge Railroa
Sheffield, Mass. ..
Great Barrington.
Van Deusenville .
W. Stockbridge..
N. Y. State Line.
Albany fr West -4
bridge Railroa
Canaan
SING SING
Cortlandtown
Peekskill
Philipsburg
Fishkil!
Wappinger'sCr'k
POUGHKEEPSIE..
Hyde Park
9
10
7
7
6
4
54
64
71
78
84
Argyle
Hartford
iranville
WHITEHALL
Steamboat.
Staatsburg
Rhinebeck
Red Hook
Upper Red Hook.
6
6
3
5
4
8
6
3
!)
7
1
f o
2
7
94
100
iua
HIS
112
120
12.;
130
133
142
149
150
RK
8
10
17 i
20
22
Jrown Point
Port Henry
Westport
Chatham 4 Cor's .
Kinderhook
Schodack ..
Burlington, Vt. ..
Plattsburgh
House's Point
Isle aux Noix, Ca.
St. John's
Champlain # St.
rence Railroa
HUDSON
Stockport
Stuyvesant Fulls .
Kinderhook
Schodack Centre.
ALBANY
Troy and Greenbush
Railroad.
TROY 1 6!202
(125) F'M NEwYo
TO NEW HAVEN.
To Harlem
RK
7
13
20
24
27
31
34
ALBANY
(128) F'M NEW '
TO ALBANY.
Steamboat.
Manhnttanville. . .
Fort Lee, N.J...
Steamboat.
MONTREAL |
(130) F'M NEW 1
TO ALBANY.
West side of the
son River.
Steamboat.
ToPlERMONT,..!
West Chester
NewRochelle....
Mamaroneck
Rye
6
3
4
a
Port Chester
Greenwich, Conn
Hastings
Dubb's Furry
72
ROUTES IN NEW YORK.
Erie Railroad.
Ramapo
Monroe Works...
Turner's Depot...
Stage.
NEWBURGH
Marlboro'
Milton
New Paltz.
Esopus ....
Rondout
KINGSTON
Glasco ....
Saugerties
Maiden
CATTSKILL
Athens
Coxsackie
New Baltimore ..
Coeymans
ALBANY
20
8107
2109
9118
3121
3124
!i i;j:J
ti i:-;n
8147
i; 153
2155
121167
(131) F'M NEW YORK
TO DUNKIRK.
Steamboat.
ToPlERMONT
JV. Y. & Erie RR.
Blauveltville
Sarkstown
orsey's
Saffern's
Rarnapo.
Monroe Works...
Turner's
Monroe Village ..
Chester
GOSHEN
JNe,whampton
Middle to wo
Stage.
Bloomingburg..*.
Wurtsboro'
Bridge ville
Monticello
White Lake
Bethel
Fosterdale
Coshocton . ,
Damascus, Pa
Rileyville
Pleasant Mount . .
Dimocksville
Gibson
NewMilford
Great Bend
Concklin,N. Y...
BlNOHAMTON
Union
Campville
OWEGO
(see No. 136)
Tioga Centre. .
Smithsboro'...
Barton
Factory vi He...
Athens, Pa. ...
8 52
57
60
65
70
74
77
Chemung ........
Baldwin ..........
ELMIRA ..........
Big Flats .........
E. Painted Post . .
CORNING .........
Painted Post .....
Campbelltown . ..
Mud Creek .......
............
vennedysville ____
Goff's Mills .......
Howard ..........
Hornellsville .....
Almond ..........
Centre Almond...
W. Almond ......
ANGELICA .......
Belfast ...........
Caneiidea ........
Rushford .........
Parmejsville ......
Franklinville .....
Ellicottsville .....
Little Valley .....
Napoli ...........
Randolph ........
Waterboro' ......
Levant ...........
Jamestown .......
Vermont ........
Gerry .............
Holdenville .......
5403
5 408
7415
5420
5103
8111
3114
5119
5124
1 123
9134
12146
6152
7159
8167
6173
9182
8190
8198
6,204
vtaj
62l7i
4221
4225
4229;
Fredonia .
DUNKIRK
(132) F'M NEW YORK
TO BARCELONA.
To Jamestown
(see No. 131) . . ,
Harmony
Magnolia
Maysville
Westrield
BARCELONA
(133) F'M NEW YORK
TO ROCHESTER,
Via Owego, Geneseo,
frc.
To BATH
(see No. 131) . . .
8416
7 42: J
6:421)
Kennedysville
Avoca
Conhocton
Patchin's Mills...
DANSVILLE
Sparta
Groveland
I Groveland Centre.
GKNESEO
South Avon
Avon
Rush
Henrietta
ROCHESTER
4290
8310
(134) F'M NEW YORK
TO ITHACA,
Via Pater son, JV. J.,
Milford, Penn. t and
Honesdnlc.
To Jersey City ... I I 1
Paterson and Hudson
Railroad.
Bergen
Aquackanonck. . .
PATERSON
Stage.
tampion .
Newfoundland...
Stockholm
Hamburg.
Deckertuwn
Libertyville
MILFORD, Pa. ...
Darlingsville
Tatlon
Cherry Ridge
HONESDALE
Way mart
Carbondale
DundafF
Lenox
Brooklyn
Montrose
Forest Lake
92
8100
5105
91114
6120
8128
81136
9:145
7|152
6158
164
172
181
Friendsville
Warrenham
Owego, N.Y. ...
Ithaca <$r Owego Rail-
road.
ITHACA 1291210
(134i) F'M N.YORK TO
HONESDALE, Pa.
Via Piermont and Go-
s/ien.
Steamboat fr Erie Rail-
road.
ToE.Middletown
(see No. 131)...
Mt. Hope
Cuddybackville ..
Forestburg
Beaver Brook
Narrowsburg
HONESDALE
14102
10112
8120
12132
(1-35) F'M N. YORK TO
WASHINGTON, D.C.
Via Trenton, Philadel-
phia, Wilmington, <Sr
Baltimore.
Steamboat.
To Jersey City . . .
JV. Jersey R. R.
NEWARK _ -
Eli/abethtown ... if 14
Rahway 51 19
Metuchin 8| 27
NKWBRUNSWICK 41 31
ROUTES IN NEW YORK.
73
Trenton $r JV. B-
wick Railroad
Kingston 1
Princeton
nins-
14! 45
4 49
10 59
11 60
mton
9 69
19 88
ling-
RR.
91
98
102
105
107
115
119
121
127
133
139
142
147
148
153
1561
U65
;ICTJ
U69
\\m
U82
185
R.R.
81193
RR.
2)195
OpOa
8213
6219
6J225
r ORK
wgo,
U,
Ran-
10221
5236
L4240
7247
5252
0262
8 270
2-21-2
4 276
61282
Auburn and Roc
Railroad.
Seneca Falls
Waterloo
GENEVA
he.
5
4
7
8
3
3
4
5
5
6
3
4
9
SK
a
7
5
2
6
5
so
ter
2*7
2!)l
m
240
248
!
254
25S
263
268
274
277
281
290
ILL
13
18
31
TO
7
16
(141) FR'M HUDS
GR'T BARRINGI
To Claverack
Smoky Hollow...
Hillsdale
">N
^O
!
1
D
AJ
csl
5
4
6
1
S-Y
is
h
8
4
1
9
SY
St6
d.
1
?
ad
3
3
5
5
3
i
to
6
3
8
8
2
ti
TO
"i
Hi
28
>ON
ON
Are
8
13
17
23
21
TO
.
6
12
16
i
24
33
TO
1
cfe-
!8
16
1
1
41
44
49
54
%
65
75
81
84
92
100
102
108
111
117
127
131
TRENTON
Morrisville, Pa. .'.]
Philadelphia #7V
Railroad.
Bristol
* To Ithaca (as
above)
S. Egremont, Ms.
GR. BARRINGTON
(142) FROM Ht
TO NEW LED
SPRINGS.
Hudson # Ber)
Railroad.
ToMellenville...
Ghent
i i Stas fi"
Jacksonville
Trumansburg
Covert
Steamboat.
PHILADELPHIA...
Philadelphia, Wilv
to?i, <$ Baltimore
Gray's Ferry 3
Farmer. . .
Lodi
Ovid
Romulus
Chester 4
Varick
West Fayette
GENEVA
Chatham 4Cor's..
Stage.
New Lebanon... .
NEW LEBANON
SPRINGS
Marcus' Hook... 3
Naaman's Creek 2
WILMINGTON... 8
Newport 4
(137) FR'M PEEK
TO DANBURY,
To Yorktown
Somers ....
Stanton 2
(143) FR'M ALBA
PITTS FIELD, M
To Schodack Cen-
tre
Newark 6
Elkton 6
Northeast 6
Charlestown 3
Salern . . .
N. Salem
Havre de Grace . 1
Hall's X Roads.. 5
Ferryman's 3
Gunpowder 8
Harewood 2
DANBURY
Nassau
Brainard's Bridge
Motfit's Store ....
New Lebanon
NEW LEBANON
(138) F'M SINO Si
PAWLINO'S.
To Pine's Bridge.
Chase's 1
Stemmer's Run . 5
Canton.. 7
PlTTSFIELD
Owensville
2
8
3
EP
c
6
4
2
7
3
3
6
CE
lo
g
2
3
18
26
3S
86
3IE
k
5
11
15
17
j
30
36
EP-
^N-
7
12
15
17
f ->0
(144) FR'M ALBA
BOSTON.
ToGreenbush....
Albany <Sr West
bridge RailroG
Schodack
BALTIMORE 3
Baltimore Ohio
Relay House 1
Washington Br.
Elkridge Land'g .
Annapolis June...
Beltsville
Bladensburg
WASHINGTON ...
(136) F'M NEW!
TO GENEVA,
Via Picrmont, On
and Ithaca.
To Owego
(see No. 131)...
Ithaca <$ Oioego
road.
Candor
Southeast
Patterson
Pawling's
(139) F'M PO'KE
TO N. MlLFORD,
To Manchester
Bridge..
Kinderhook
Chatham
E. Chatham
Canaan
Arthursburg
Beekmantown
Poughquag
Pawling's
Quaker Hill
Sherman
NEWMlLFORD ..
(140) F'M POUOH
SIE TO WEST (
WALL, Ct.
To Pleasant Val-
ley
Western Railro
Richmond .... ....
Shaker Village...
PlTTSFIELD
Dalton
Hinsdale .
Washington
North Becket
Chester Factory..
Chester Village...
Russell
Wilseyville
ITHACA*
Steamboat.
Ludlowville
Frog Point
Washington Hol-
low
Hartsville
Westfield
W. Springfield...
SPRINGFIELD
Mabbetsville
Lithgow . .
Sheldrake Point.. ]
Aurora
Levanna
Springport
Cay uga Bridge ..>
Amenia . .
5
3
2
5
2:,
28
30
34
39
Wilbraham ...
N. Wilbraham...
Palmer
Leeds ville
Amenia Union...
Sharon, Ct
W. CORNWALL..
Warren
W.Brookfield....
74
ROUTES IN NEW YORK.
S. Brookfield .....
E. Brookfield .....
Spencer ..........
Cnarlton .........
Chippville ........
WORCESTER
Boston and Worcester
Railroad.
Grafton ..........
Westboro* ........
Southboro' .......
Hopkinton .......
Framingham .....
Natick ...........
Needham .........
ewton
..........
Angler's Corner. .
Brighton .........
BOSTON .........
2 L38
51 143
4147
9il56
6|-
6' 168
4172
4 176
:>> 17<
4 !*:i
4187
-1 !!!
2193
L' 193
5200
(145) FR'M ALBANY TO
BENNINGTON, Vt.
To Troy
Lansingburg ....
Raymertown
Pittstown
Hoosick
BENNINOTON....
(146) FR'M ALBANY TO
LAKE GEORGE,
Via Saratoga Springt
and Glenn's Falls.
Mohawk and Hudson
Railroad.
ToSCHENECTADYl I 16
Saratoga & Schenecta-
dy Railroad.
Burnt Hills
Ballston Centre...
BaJkton
SARATOGA SP'GS.
Stage.
Wilton
Fortsville.
GLENN'S FALLS .
Caldwell (at the
foot of Lake
George)
(147) FR'M ALBANY TO
SARATOGA SPRINGS
AND WHITEHALL,
Via Troy.
ToTROY I I
Rcnsselaer <Sr Saratoga
Railroad.
Waterford }4
Meohanicsville... 8
Ballston Spa ....
SARATOGA Sp'es. I 7
Stage.
Fortsville
Sandy Hill
Kingsbury
Fort Ann
WHITEHALL
(148) FR'M N. YORK TO
WHITEHALL,
Via Albany $r Troy.
Steamboat. \
To ALBANY
(see No. 128) ...
Stage.
Watervliet
TROY
Lansingburg
Waterford
MeehanicsviHe ...
Stillwater
Bemus' Heights . .
Schuylersville
Northumberland .
Fort Miller
Fort Edward
SANDY HILL
Kingslmry
Fort Ann
Comstock's Land-
ing
WHITEHALL
(149) FR'M ALBANY TO
MONTREAL,
(Winter Route,)
Via Glenn's Falls
Pittsburgh.
To Glenn's Falls
C^eeNo.146) ..
Caldwell
Warrensburg
Chestertown
145
5150
1 151
4155
2 157
9 166
3 H;:J
4P3
9182
4 If
311.
8 197
4201
5206
4210
Schroon Lake...
Schroon River ..
Elizabethtown . .
12 110
19 129
5134
it; i;,(
6fl56
10 10
j.; 192
91201
7 -_-(i;>
42i
6218
Lewis
Keeseville
Peru..
PLATTSBURGH. . .
Rouse's Point....
LaColle, Can
Napierville
Douglassville
St. Philip
La Prairie
Across St. Law-
rence to
MONTREAL .
(150) F'M ALBANY TO
BUFFALO.
Mohawk and Hudson
Railroad.
To Schenectady . . I I lb
9233
Utica and Schenectady
Railroad.
Hoffman's
Cranes vi lie..
Amsterdam
Tribe's Hill
Fonda
Spraker's
Palatine Bridge ..
Fort Plain
Palatine Church..
St. Johnsville ....
Little Falls
Herkimer
Schuyler
UTICA
Syracuse &r Utica Rail-
rond.
Whitesboro' ..
Onsskany
94
.'erona Centre
Oneida Depot .
Wampsville. . .
Canastota
Chittenango...
Manlius
SYRACUSE ....
Auburn and Syracuse
Railroad.
3 97
4101
7108
9117
4121
3124
3127
6133
4137
10147
Geddes
Camillus
EJbridge
Skaneatelas June.
Sennet
AUBURN
Auburn and Roch<
Railroad.
2149
155
4168
5173
Cayuga Bridge...
Seneca Falls
Waterloo
GENEVA
Oak's Corners
E, Vienna
VV. Vienna
Clifton Springs...
Short's Mills
Chnpinsville
Canaiulaigua
10183
199
,204
3207
1208
3 211
3 219
3222
231
12 243
4247
Victor
Pittsford
Brigliton
ROCHESTER
Tonaicanda Railri
Churehville "
Bergen
Byron
Batavia
Alexander
ATTICA....
Attica fr Buffalo Rail-
road.
412,1
\&,
4.269
7:-T,
7288
8291
Dnrieti
Alden
I .;.ii.-;,.>ler
BUFFALO
61300
5305
101315
ROUTES IN NEW YORK.
75
SCHKNECTADI
Schenectady and
Railroad.
ToSdlENECTADY
(152) FROM TRO
WHITEHALL.
To Lansingburgh.
Junction
r.
Troy
1 20
Y TO
6 1(
4 14
7 21
8 29
5 34
6 40
1 51
9 60
8 68
ir TO
>.
7 11
3 14
8J 22
a 25
TO
t.
6
4 10
6 16
4 20
4 24
5 29
6 35
t> 41
B 47
B 55
9 64
$ 72
7 7&
[Jl49
r TO
and
9
3 15
1 19
* 25
1 29
5 35
Bridgewater
S angerfield
5 7
7 80
9 89
7 %
7103
410
6113
211o
21F
3120
5J125
Y TO
(
6 15
6 21
6 27
5 32
5 37
5 42
5 47
6 53
5 58
4 62
7 69
6 75
9 84
Yonkers
Fort Lee, N. J. ..
Manhnttanville. ..
NEW YORK
(158) FR'M CATTS
TO CANAJOHAR
To Leeds.
3128
7135
21137
81143
KILL
IE.
4
6 10
7 17
6 23
2 25
4 29
4 33
9 42
5 47
8 55
10 65
4 69
7 76
KILL
6 10
3 13
3 16
6 22
5 27
2 29
6 35
4 39
8 47
4 51
4 55
5 60
7 67
7 74
7 81
9 90
1 91
5 96
7103
7 HO
3113
6119
8122
4 126
4 1,90
3 '33
1144
6150
3153
&L3
RGH
t 2
7 9
2 11
5 16
4 20
Madison
MORRISVILLE
Nelson
Cazenovia
Oran .
Manlius
Fayetteville
De Witt
Cairo
Schagticoke
SYRACUSE
Winansville
Greenwich
N. Greenwich
tgyle
(156) FR'M ALBATS
BlNGHAMTON
To Guilderland ..
Knowersville
Oakhill
Preston Hollow. . .
Livingstonville...
Middlebury
rtford 1
Granville
HITEHALL
(153) FROM TRO 1
HANCOCK, Mas
To Wynant's Kill!
Sand Lake
Schoharie
Gallupsville
SCHOHARIK
fanchkiil
Cobleskill
Root
Spraker's Basin . .
CANAJOHARIE ...
(159) FR'M CATTS
TO ITHACA,
Via Delhi.
To Leeds
itichmondville ...
Sast Worcester . .
Alps
Stephentown
Maryland
(154) FROM TROTI
BURLINGTON, V
Via Castleton.
To Troy..
Colliersville
)neonto
Unadilla
94
2106
6112
Acra
Jtdnbridge '.
S. Bainbridge
S. Durham
Jnion Society
Windham
Scienceville
Lansingburgh
Junction
Tomhannock.
Prospect Hi 11
Buskirk's Bridge.
iarpersville
2120
Colesville
3123
0.133
t TO
3
5 8
4 12
2 14
4 18
3 21
8 29
5 34
44
1 4;>
3 48
7 55
6 61
4 65
6 71
4 75
3 78
B 84
4 88
3 91
2 93
B101
4 105
7 Hi'
; IIH
UL'l
21123
J rattsville
BlNGHAMTON
157) FR'M ALBAN
NEW YORK.
Overslaugh
Mooresville
Stamford
lobart
Jackson . .
S. Kortwright
?loomville
Salem
Hebron
Cranville....
Coeymans
W. Meredith
W. Poultney.Vt..
Castleton
BURLINGTON
(see No. 39).... 17
(155) F'M ALBANY
SYRACUSE,
Via. Cherry Valley
Morrisville.
So Guilderland ..
unnsville
Duanesburg
STew Baltimore...
underhook
Unadilla
HUDSON
Sidney Plains
Bainbridge
Jattskill
Saugerties 1
Coventry vilte
Upper Red Hook,
jower Red Hook.
Rhinebeck
ireene . . .
Geneganslet
^riangle
Vhitney's Point.
Pelham. . .
Hyde Park
POUGHKEEPSIE..
Milton
Richford
Slounsville
Carlisle
New Hamburgh..
^Jewburgh
Slatersville
THACA
Sharon ..
j ;ji
J 42
J 45
> 51
1 55
3 57
J 60
L 64
"old Spring
West Point
160) F'M NEWBU
TO GOSHEN.
""o New Windsor.
Salisbury Mills...
Blooming Grove. .
Hamptonburg
GOSHEN ...
Sharon Springs ..
Leesville
?aldwell's L'd'g.
r erpla nek's Pt. ..
iiNG SING
^arrytown
'iermont
Dobb's Ferry
CHERRY VALLEY (
E. Springfield .... *
Springfield \
Warren {
-Bichfield Springs. <
76
ROUTES IN NEW YORK.
TO BARCELON
(Lake Erie.)
To Coldenham . . .
Montgomery
Bullville
Bloomingburg ...
Barcelona
(see No. 131)... 3
(162) F'M AMSTE
TO NORTHVILI
To Perth
6
8
3
49
ID
E.
4
4
5
6
3
TT
ro
4
3
3
3
5
3
A
BO
4
4
14
6
5
6
12
20
23
372
AM
11
16
25
4
LE
N.
8
11
15
18
21
29
TO
R.
9
13
17
31
37
42
OGDENSBURG
(166) FROM Row
TURIN.
To W. Branch . . .
W. Leyden
Constablesville...
Turin
(see No. 164)...
(167) FROM Row
OSWEGO.
To McConnells-
ville
7
E
9
6
5
E
7
5
6
13
4
5
6
,1
126
TO
10
lit
25
30
TO
14
21
a ;
32
45
41)
54
60
64
TO
2
10
14
18
24
27
30
38
44
49
63
70
79
86
92
99
m
133
RG
8
18
27
35
46
52
60
68
73
80
92
105
132
TO CAPE VINCE
To Brownsville . .
Limerick
Chaumont
Three-mile Bay ..
Cape Vincent
(171) F'M SACK
HARBOR TO
FONT'S MANOR.
ToSmithville...
Belleville
Ellisburg
N'l
i
4
8
r
i'l
I
SE
3
6
6
9
11
30
7
6
6
5
4
5
5
Q
4
8
14
18
26
r's
JR-
6
16
19
TO
2
11
17
TO
6
13
19
25
30
33
44
49
58
70
TO
da.
45
85
105
117
137
139
149
TO
18
30
60
100
120
138
139
145
Broadalbin
Union Mills
Northampton
Osborne's Bridge.
Northville
Pierpont's Manor.
(172) F'M SYRACU
OSWEGO.
To Salina
Camden. .
W. Camden
Williamstown ...
Union Square
Mexico
FROM FONDA TO
JOHNSTOWN ...
(163) FROM Li
FALLS TOTREN'
To Eatonville
Fairrield.. ..
Liverpool
Clay
New Haven
Scriba
Phoenix
Fulton
(168) F'M SYRACUSE
OGDENSBURG,
Via Watertown.
ToSalina
(173) FR'M OSWE
ROCHESTER
To N. Sterling...
Little Sodus
Middleville
Newport .
pohmS.. :::::::::
Trenton Falls ....
Cicero
Brewerton
4
4
6
3
3
8
6
5
7
7
9
6
7
7
6
10
11
BL
IG
10
9
8
11
6
8
8
5
7
12
13
27
Red Creek
Wolcott
(164) FROM Unc
SACKETT'S HAR
To S. Trenton . . .
Trenton
Central Square. . .
Hastings . ...
Huron
Port Glasgow ....
Alton
Colosse
Union Square
Richland
Sandy Creek
Sodus
Williamson
Remsen
Webster
Booneville
Adlims' 1 &
ROCHESTER 12
(174) F'M OSWEGO
OGDENSBURG,
Via Kingston, Cana
Steamboat.
To Sackett's Har-
bor .
Leyden
A liner
Turin
Houseville
4
3
3
6
7
6
6
4
8
A
,
6
5
5
6
8
46
50
53
56
62
(ill
75
81
85
93
TO
62
73
92
97
103
111
Evans's Mills
Philadelphia
Antwerp
Oxbow
Marti nsburg
Lowville
Stow's Square . . .
DENMARK
Rossie
Champion
Rutland
Watertown
Brownville
Hammond
Morristown
OGDENSBURG
(169) F'M OGDENS
TO PLATTSBUI
To Lisbon . ...
Kingston, Canada
French Creek
10
20
20
2
10
GtO
20
1
6
SACKETT'S HAR-
BOR
Brockville, Can. .
Morristown....;..
OGDENSBURG
(175) FR'M OSWE
LEWISTON.
Steamboat.
To Sodus Bay....
Pultneyville
Genesee River
Oak Orchard C'k.
Olcott
(165) FROM UTIC
OGDENSBURG
Via JDenmarf
To Denmark
(see No. 164) ...
Waddington
Madrid ..
Norfolk .
Massena
Racket River
Hogansburg
Fort Covington ..
W. Constable ....
E. Constable
Chateaugay
Ellenburg
PLATTSBURGH. . .
Wilna. g
Antwerp .
Somerville
Gouverneur
Richville.
Fort Niagara
Youngstown
LEWISTON
DeKalb....
ROUTES IN NEW YORK.
77
(176) FROM PALATINE
BRIDGE TO BINGHAM-
TON,
Via Cooperstown.
To Canajoharie . .
Buel
Cherry Valley
....
Cooperstown
HartwickSemin'y
10
Miltord
Colliersville
iilNGHAMTON
(see No, 156)... 64 113
(177) FROM UTICA TO
BlNGHAMTON.
To W. Hartford.. 1
Paris
Waterville
Madison
Bouckville
Hamilton
Earleville
Sherburne
N. Norwich
Norwich
Qxf.rl
S.Oxford
Greene
Chenango Forks..
BlNGHAMTON
(178) FROM UTICA TO
ITHACA,
Via Cortland Village.
To New Hartford.
Clinton
Peansville
Oriskany Falls...
Madison
Bouckville
Eaton
Erieville
New Woodstock.
De Ruyter
Cuyler
Truxton
Homer
CORTLAND VIL-
LAGE
McLean
Dryden
ITHACA
(179) FROM ITHACA TO
BAINBRIDGE.
To Sauquoit ,
Paris Furnace....
Bridgewater
W. Edmeston...
New Berlin
Mt. Upton 16
BAINBRIDGE 13
(180) FROM UTICA TO
COOPERSTOWN.
To Frankfort Hill
Litchfield
Columbia
Richfield Springs.
Oakville.
COOPERSTOWN ..
(181) FROM COOPERS-
TOWN TO ITHACA.
To Burlington
Edmeston
Sherburne
Otselic
De Ruyter
ITHACA
(see No. 178) ...
(182) FROM RAILROAD
DEPOT TO N. WOOD-
STOCK.
To Chittenango .,
Cazenovia
New Woodstock
(see No. 178) ...
(183) F'M SYRACUSE TO
ITHACA,
Via Cortland Village.
To Onondaga Hol-
low
Cardiff
Tally
Homer
Cortland
ITHACA
(see No. 178)...
(184) F'M SYRACUSE TO
SKANEATELES.
ToGeddes
Camillus
Elbridge
Skaneateles June.
SKANEATELES ...
(185) FR'M AUBURN TO
ITHACA.
To Fleming
The Square
Scipioville
Poplar Ridge....
Ledyard
King's Ferry ....
Lansingville
Ludlowville
ITHACA
(186) FR'M AUBURN TO
OSWEGO.
To Sennet
Weedsport
Cato
Ira
Hannibal f
Kinney's Corners.
(187) FROM GENEVA TO
ITHACA.
To W. Fayette...
Ovid
Farmersville
Trumansburg
ITHACA
(188) FROM GENEVA TO
ELMIRA & CORNING.
Steamboats on Seneca
Lake.
To Salubria*....!
Stage.
Havanna.
Millport...
Fairport. . .
ELMIRA...
* To Salubria.... 1
W. Catlin | .
Hornby j 5
CORNING
(189) FROM GENEVA TO
BATH.
To Benton
Penn Yan
Barrington
Wayne
Urbanna
Cold Spring Mills
BATH
(190) FROM GENEVA TO
CONHOCTON.
ToGorham
Rushville
[Middlesex
I 10
15
20
Naples ...
N. Conhocton
CONHOCTON 51 40
(191) FROM GENEVA TO
OSWEGO.
To Junius
Marengo .
Clyde
Rose
Wolcott...
DSWEGO
(see No. 173)...
.8
19
24
31
25 56
192) F'M CANANDAIGUA
TO ERIE, Pa.
Via Geneseo,Franklin-
ville, < Jamestown.
I D To Bristol I I 8
16 Allen's Hill 5 13
1 22 1 W.Richmond....! 3l 16
78
ROUTES IN NEW YORK.
Livonia ..
Lakeville
GENESEO
Moscow
Perry
Castile
E. Pike
Pike
Centreville
Fairview
Farmersville
Franklinville
ELLICOTTSVILLE
Little Valley
Napoli
Randolph
Waterboro'
Levant
JAMESTOWN
Harmony
Panama
Clymer
Wattsburg, Pa...
ERIE
(193) F'M ROCHE;
TO OLEAN.
To Henrietta
Rush
Avon
S. Avon
Geneseo
Mt. Morris
Brook's Grove ...
Nunda Valley....
Grove
Allen
Angelica
Hobbieville
Friendship
Cuba
Hinsdale
OLEAN
7100
8108
5113
6119
5124
129
,137
6143
10153
n!63
181
ISTER
5 12
20
6 _
6 65
5 70
5 75
8 83
7 90
6 96
(194) F'M ROCHESTER
TO Moscow.
ToO'Connellsville
Scolsville
Wheatland
Caledonia
Fork.
Greigsville
Moscow
(195) F'M ROCHESTER
TO NIAGARA FALLS,
Via Lockport.
To Adam's Basin.
Krockport
Holley
Halburton
Albion
Knowlesville ....
Medina
Shelby Basin
Middleport | 31 46
Reynold's Basin..
LOCKPORT I 9| 58
Lockport and Niagara
Falls RR.
Pekin
Junction Lewis-
ton RR.* 6| 76
NIAGARA FALLS. 6| 82
* 3 miles from Junction
to Lewiston.
Rochester to Lew- 1
iston I | 79
FROM ROCHESTER TO
LOCKPORT,
On the north road. I I 64
(196) F'M ROCHESTER
TO CHARLOTTE.
To Hanford's
Landing
Charlotte ...
3
(197) F'M BATAVIA TO
LOCKPORT.
ToOakfield
Alabama
Royalton t
LOCKPORT '.'.'.'.'.'.'.
(198) F'M BATAVIA TO
BUFFALO.
To E. Pembroke ,
Pembroke ,
Newstead ,
Clarence ,
VVilliamsville
Elysville
BUFFALO
(199) F'M BUFFALO TO
YOUNGSTOWN,
Via Niagara Falls.
Buffalo and Niagara
Falls RR.
Sheldon
Johnsonburg
Orangeville
Warsaw
Perry
Moscow
GENESEO
(201) F'M BUFFALO TO
OLEAN.
To Hamburg . .
Boston .
Springfield
Ashford
EHicottsville
Great Valley
Chapelsburg
Burton
OLEAN
(202) F'M BUFFALI
ERIE, Pa.
To Hamburg (on
the Lake)
E. Evans
Evans
Irving
Silver Creek
Sheriden
FREDONIA
Salem X Roads . .
Portland
Westfield
Ripley
Northvilie, Pa. ..
Vortheast
l :
rbor Creek ....
estleyville .....
12
7 19
4 23
8 31
3 34
4 38
8
7
To Black Rock ..,
Tonawanda 8
NIAGARA FALLS . 11
Lockport and Niagara
Falls RR.
To Junction Lew-
iston RR
Lewiston
Stage.
YOUNGSTOWN . . .
3 31
37
) F'M BUFFALO TO
GENESEO.
To E. Hamburg-.f 112
WilJink 6 18
Wales I 6124
3 74
78
83
87
!RIE 4 91
F'M BUFFALO TO
CHICAGO,
Via Cleveland, Detroit,
and Mackinac.
Steamboat.
To Dunkirk....
'ortland
"RIE, Pa ..
Conneaut, Ohio
Ashtabnla
Grand River...
CLEVELAND...
Black River...
Huron
Sandusky
DETROIT, Mich
Fort Gratiot
Point auBarques
Thunder Baylsl.
Presque Isle
MACKINAC
Manitou Island.
MlLWAUKIE,
Wis
Racine
Southport
CHICAGO, 111. . .
121
135
165
195
222
242
252
327
399
474
103
571042
ROUTES IN NEW YORK.
79
(204) F'M PLAT-
TO OGDENSB
ToEllenburg...
Chateaugay.. ..
Malone
rsBUR
URG.
2
. 13 <
. 12 5
Auburn and Rot
Railroad.
Brighton
Pittsford
Victor
hestei
4 1\
4 &
12 94
910S
3 lOfc
310JJ
5114
3117
1118
3121
N
Chittenango
Canastota...
41192
ctady
8239
7246
6 252
10262
3265
3271
3274
8282
6288
5293
4297
3300
9309
dson
LSI325
MON.
EC.
W 45
J8 83
7 90
55115
JO 135
5 150
J2172
8180
EBBO
o.
99
5 55
5 80
5105
15140
ol75
5220
0290
0360
5425
0435
0465
5490
5545
8573
4607
3650
0710
01750
ulsio
Wampsville
Oneida Depot
Verona Centre . . .
Rome
Oriskany
Bangor
Dickinson
. 5 5
. 7 6
Canandaigua
Chapinsvflle
Nicholville
Hopkinville
Parishville
. 9 7
. 2 7
. 7 8
| Short's Mills
CJiflnn Springs...
W. Vienna
E. Vienna
Oak's Corners
i GENEVA
Whitesboro'
UTICA
Utica and Schene
Railroad.
Schuyler . . .
Potsdam
. 9 9
Canton . . .
11 1n
OGDENSBURG 18 12(
(205) FROM BUFFALO
TO ALBANY.
Attica $ Buffalo Rail-
road.
To Lancaster....! 1 1(
Alden |lO| 2(
Waterloo....
Uerkimer. . . .
Seneca Falls
Cayuga Bridge...
AUBURN
Auburn and Syr
Railroad.
Sennet
Skaneateles June.
Elbridge
Camillus
Geddes
4137
5142
10152
acuse
5157
4161
1162
8170
6176
21178
Rail.
101188
^.N.
11 ao
4 49
J--j 74
35 99
H 12
JO' 147
0157
1 H 1
9220
1I251
6I397
TO
v
8(100
rge.
fi!96
Little Falls
St. Johnsville
Palatine Church. .
Fort Plain
Palatine Bridge ..
Spraker's
Darien
ATTICA
5 2c
. I 6| 31
Ponda
Tribe's Hill
Tonawanda Rai
Alexander
Iroad.
3 34
Amsterdam
Jranesville
Hoffman's.
Byron
as
7 56
4 60
141 74
ou
TALO
N.
. 1 20
*nston
31 23
1 24
61 30
ARA
EAL.
1 9
7! 16
36 52
55 117
7124
10 234
33297
12309
50359
11400
14414
24438
91447
VfON
ORK.
1 9
15! 24
SYRACUSE
Syracuse <- Utica
road.
Manlius 1
Schenectady
Mohawk and Hi
Railroad.
ALBANY |]
Bergen ... .
Churchville
ROCHESTER ....
R
(205 i.) FROM Bu
TO QUEKNSTO
Steamboat.
ToChippewa...
Ckippewi ($- Qwe<
Railroad.
Niagara Fails..
Drummondnlle.
Uueenston
(205 ii.) NIAG
JbALLa TO MONTH
,_ Railroad.
lo Lewiston
Steamboat
Fort George, Ca.
TORONTO
Port Hope
TES IN C^
Steamboat.
Isle au Noix
Rouses Pt. N. Y.
Pittsburgh 5
BuRLINGT'N.Vt- 5
West Port, N.Y.JS
Crown Point ' ;
Ticonderoga*. ..
Whitehall;.....: i
SARATOGA Sp's. c
Railroad.
Trov 1 '
4.DA.
(205 iv.) FROM
TREAL TO QUEB
Varennes I
William Henry..
St. Francis...;.. ,
Three Rivers
St. Anne. -j
Richelieu Rapids 5
Cape Smite
Cope Rouge
QUEBEC
Steamboat.
NEW YORK 114
FROM MONTREAL
SARATOGA
via Lake Georg
*ToTiconderoga
(HS above)....
Alexandria
Steamboat LakeGe(
Caldwell 3
(205 v.) FROM Qu
TO HALIFAX, N.
Steamer.
Cape Tourment.
The Pillars i
Mai Bay S
KINGSTON 1
Brockville
Cornwall, Can..
Coteau du Lac..
Pilgrim Islands.. 5
TABOUSAC g
Bid...
Mitis Harbor.... 4
Cape Chat 1
JapeMagdelaine 7
Jape Rosiere f
Jape Gaspe ]
Jape D'Espoir 3
say of Cluileurs 2
MirirnichiBay.. 5
Richibucto Har. 2
bhediac Hurbor. 3
iay Verte 4
'iCTOU... (J
Luchine
SARATOGA Sp's. 27 223
FROM MONTREAL TO
NEW YORK,
To Saratoga, Springs,
(as above.)....! 1220
Railroad.
Schenectady ....I 22i242
Albany J 1 6 |258
Steamboat.
Navv YORK ....11451403
Stage.
MONTREAL
(205 in.) FROM
TREAL TO NEW Y
Steamboat
To La Prairie...!
Champlain <$ St.
r , rence Railroad
fct. Johns | j
Stage.
Truro 4
HALIFAX t>
DESCRIPTION OF THE CENTRAL STATES,
THE PRINCIPAL CITIES, TOWNS, WATERING-.
PLACES, &c.
NEW JERSEY lies between 39 and 41 24' N
lat., and between 74 and 75 29' W. Ion. It is 163
miles long and 52brond, containing 8,320 square miles.
^ Population in 1840,373,306.
v The northern part of the state is mountainous, being
* crossed by a branch of the Alleghany ridge ; the mid-
dle portion is agreeably diversified by hills and valleys,
^z?? while the southern part is level, sandy, and mostly
covered with pines and a scanty growth of shrub oaks. The northern and mid-
passes through a bay 01 the same name, ana enters into the Atlantic.
The principal bays are Newark and Raritan ; Delaware bay is on its
southeastern border. It has two important capes, viz., Cape May, on
wic ,
establ
ssau nail, lounaea in i/oo, unu rvuiger B v^onege, in i\ew isruns-
;k, founded in 1770, with which is connected a Theological Seminary,
__.ablished in 1784, by the Dutch Reformed Church. There are in the
state about 70 academies and 1,250 common schools.
The government is vested in a governor, senate, and general assembly,
'he senators are elected for three years, and the assembly are elected
by the senate and assembly for five years.
STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 81
The first settlement of New Jersey, was by the Dutch about 1614. On
the 19th of Dec., 1787, in convention, it adopted the constitution of the
United States by a unanimous vote.
TRENTON, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of the
Delaware, and at the head of steamboat navigation, and is 59 miles from
New York. The city is regularly laid out, and has many handsome public
and private buildings. It contains a state-house, 2 banks, the State library,
state prison, a city-hall, a lyceum, 11 churches, 4 academies, and 6,000 in-
habitants. The town was first settled in 1720, and is memorable for the
" Battle of Trenton," fought Dec. 25, 1776, when the enemy were routed
by the forces under Washington. Cars leave twice daily for N. York, (fare
$2,) for Philadelphia, (fare $1.50.) St ages leave 3 1 im.es a wcekfor Mansfield.
PRINCETON, distant 50 miles from New York, is pleasantly situated and
neatly built. Population 2,100. It contains 4 churches, a bank, and the
buildings of the
College of New
Jersey. This in-
stitution was first
incorporated in
1746. Nassau
Hall, the princi-
pal edifice, is 176
feet long, 50 feet
wide, and 4 stories _ ^ : ^__.^_,,._ _
high. It has a president and 12 professors or other instructors, 2,183
alumni, 263 students, and 12,000 volumes in its libraries ; it has also a
valuable philosophical, astronomical, and chemical apparatus, a min-
eralogical cabinet, and a museum of natural history. The commence-
ment is on the last Wednesday in September. The Princeton Theological
Seminary of the Presbyterian Church, located here, has 5 professors, 120
students, and 7,000 volumes in its libraries. Its buildings are commodious.
Cars leave the Princeton depot twice daily for Philadelphia and for New
York. Stages leave daily for Long Branch, via Freehold.
NEW BRUNSWICK is situated on the right bank of the Raritan river,
31 miles from New York. It contains a court-house, jail, eight churches,
two banks, and 8,693 inhabitants. It is the seat of Rutger's College,
founded in 1770, which has a president, 9 professors or other instructors,
483 alumni, 85 students, and 1,200 volumes in its libraries. The com-
mencement is on the fourth Wednesday in July. Connected with the
college is a Theological Department, under the Dutch Reformed Church.
Cars leave twice daily for New York, (fare 50 cts. ,*) and for Philadelphia
steamboats daily for New York stages 3 times a week for Easton, Pa.
RAHWAY, situated on both sides of Rahway river, 5 miles from its
mouth, contains 5 churches, the Rahway Female Institute, an academy,
a bank, several manufacturing establishments, and 4,500 inhabitants.
Cars leave three times daily for New York, and twice for Philadelphia.
ELIZABETHTOWN, 5 miles from Newark, has a court-house, a bank, 5
churches, 4 academies, and 2,500 inhabitants. Cars leave several times
daily for New York, and for Somerville.
SOMERVILLE, on the north side of Raritan river, is mostly built on one
street, and contains a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and about
1,500 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for New York via Elizabcthport.
Stages leave daily for Easton, Pa.
4*
82
STATE OF NEW JERSEY.
NEWARK is situated on the right bank of Passaic river, 3 miles from
its entrance into
Newark bay, and
9 miles from New
York. It contains
a court-house, 3
banks, 25 church-
es, two libraries,
two literary and
scientific associa-
tions, 6 academies,
and 17,290 inhabitants. Two large public grounds, bordered with trees,
add much to the beauty of the place. The city is abundantly supplied
with pure water from a spring two miles distant. Cars leave 9 times daily
for New York, (fare 25 cts. ) and twice for Philadelphia, and also for
Morristown. Jl steamboat plies to New York.
JERSEY CITY, opposite to the city of New York, is beautifully situated
on the right bank of the Hudson, and contains 5 churches, several manu-
factories, and about 4,000 inhabitants. The New Jersey railroad com-
mences here, and in connection with other railroads extends to Camden,
opposite Philadelphia. The Paterson and Hudson railroad extends to
Paterson. The Morris canal also terminates here. In the war of the
Revolution, Powles Hook (as the place was then called) was occupied as
an outpost of the British army. It was surprised by Major Lee, on the
night of the 18th of August, 1779, and 159 prisoners taken. Steamboats
ply to New York every few minutes daily.
HOBOKEN is one mile north from Jersey City. The village has a church
and about 500 inhabitants. The grounds along the bank of the Hudson
have been laid out in gravelled walks, and embowered with shrubbery for
the distance of two miles, terminating at a beautiful lawn called the
Elysian Fields. Hoboken is much frequented in summer. Steamboats
ply every few minutes daily between it and the city of New York, at three
different ferries.
PATERSON is situated on the right bank of the Passaic river, at the falls.
It contains a court-house, 14 churches, two banks, a philosophical society
with a library, an academy, several extensive cotton and other manu-
factories, and about 9,000 inhabitants. The river has here a perpen-
dicular descent of 70 feet, which was formerly a very picturesque and in-
teresting cascade ; the effect however has been much diminished, by the
waters having been drawn off from the river above in race-ways, to
propel machinery. Cars arrive and depart twice daily for New York.
Stages leave 3 times a week for Mil ford, Pa.
HACKENSACK, situated on the right bank of Hackensack river, 14 miles
from New York, contains a court-house, four churches, 2 academies, 2
seminaries, and 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for New York.
ACQUACKANONCK, 12 miles from N. Y., has 3 churches, an academy, and
500 inhabitants. Blachley's Mineral Spring is H miles from the village.
MORRISTOWN, situated on an elevated plain, 22 miles from Newark, ia
laid out in streets crossing each other at right angles, with a square in
the centre of the village. It contains a court-house, two banks, five
churches, an academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Morristown was at
two different periods the head-quarters of the American army during the
Revolution. Cars leave daily for New York. Stages leave 3 times a
week for Milford, and also for Easton, Pa. t via Schooley's Mountain.
STATE OF NEW JERSEY.
83
Schooley's Mountain is eighteen miles from
Morristown. The Mineral Spring, which is on
the western declivity of the eminence, in a deep
^ defile, contains muriate of soda, muriate of lime,
| muriate of magnesia, sulphate of lime, car-
I bonate of magnesia, silex, and carbonated oxyde
? of iron. The pure air and the picturesque sce-
p^ nery of this region render it a healthful and
'-* pleasant place of summer resort.
SOUTH AMBOY is situated on the right bank of the Uaritan river, at its
entrance into Raritan bay. The village has an academy and about twenty-
five dwellings. Here commences the Camden aixl Amboy railroad.
(See route 207.) AMBOY, on the north side of the river, contains four
churches, two academies, several manufacturing establishments, and about
one thousand five hundred inhabitants. Steamboats ply daily to New York.
FREEHOLD, built upon a plain a little elevated above the surrounding
country, has a court-house, 5 churches, two academies, and about 600
inhabitants. This village will ever be memorable in American history
as the scene of one of the most sanguinary battles of the Revolution,
fought June 28, 1778. Long Branch on the sea-shore, 18 miles east from
Freehold, is a popular watering-place, much frequented. Steamboats ply
daily to New York, and a line of stages run to Philadelphia.
BORDKNTOWN is on the left bank of the Delaware river, at the head of
steamboat navigation. This village is situated on the brow of a hill, and
affords a magnificent view of the river and surrounding country. It
contains 4 churches, a female seminary, and about 1,800 inhabitants.
Cars pass through daily for New York and Philadelphia.
BURLINGTON, pleasantly situated on the left bank of the Delaware, 19
miles from Philadelphia, contains a city-hall, an arsenal, a Jyceum, an
hospital, a bank, 7 churches, a public library, two seminaries, and
3,200 inhabitants. Cars pass daily from New York and from Philadelphia.
MOUNT HOLLY is situated at the foot of an eminence of the same name
on the Rancocus creek, 7 miles from Burlington. It contain a court-house,
7 churches, a bank, a seminary, several extensive manufactories, and 2,000
inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Burlington and for Bordentown.
Cape Island, near Cape May, 85 miles from
Philadelphia, is a favorite watering-place.
There are here several hotels and boarding-
houses. In the summer months this island isi
thronged with visitors, for the purpose of en-|
joying the luxury of sea-bathing. A steam-l
boat (in summer) plies daily to Philadelphia.
CAMDEN, on the Delaware, opposite the city of Philadelphia, is the
starting point of the cars for New York on the Camden and Amboy rail-
road, and is connected with Philadelphia by several ferries. It contains a
bank, 5 churches, several extensive manufacturing establishments, and
about 4,000 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for New York, (fare $3.)
Stages leave daily for Cape Island via Woodbury, Salem, Bridgeton, #c.
WOODBURY, 9 miles from Philadelphia, is pleasantly situated on Wood-
bury creek, and has a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, two public
libraries, and about 1 ,000 inhabitants.
SALEM, situated on a stream of the same name, is 34 miles from Phila-
delphia. It has a court-house, 8 churches, a bank, two public libraries, a
lyceum, an academy, and about 2,200 inhabitants
84
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA.
PENNSYLVANIA, lies between 39o 43' and 42*
I N. lat, and between 74 and 80 40' W. Ion. It is 307
miles long and 160 broad, containing 46,000 square
miles. The population in 1840, was 1,724,033.
The Alleghany Mountains cross the state from SW.
' to NE., and there are many smaller ranges on each
side of the principal ridge and parallel to it. The
southeastern and northwestern parts of the state are
either level or moderately hilly. The soil is generally
good, and much of it is of a superior quality ; the best
land in the southeast is on both sides of the Susque-
hanna. Between the head waters of the Alleghany
and Lake Erie, the soil is very fertile. The anthracite
coal region ia immerwe. The Mauch Chunk, Schuylkill, and Lyken's
Valley coal-field extends from the Lehigh river, across the head waters of
the Schuylkill, and is 65 miles in length, with an average breadth of
about 5 miles. The Lackawanna coal-field extends from Carbondale,
on the Lackawannack, to ten miles below Wilkesbarre, on the Sus-
quehanna. The Shamokin field has been less explored.
The Delaware river washes the entire eastern border of the state, and
is navigable for ships to Philadelphia. The Lehigh, after a course of 75
miles, enters it at Easton. The Schuylkill, 130 miles long, unites with it
6 miles below Philadelphia. The Susquehanna is a large river, which
rises in New York, flows south through this state, and enters the Chesa-
peake bay, in Maryland. It is much obstructed by falls and rapids. The
Juniata rises among the Alleghany Mountains, and after a course of 180
miles, enters the Susquehanna 11 miles above Harrisburg. The Alle-
ghany river, 400 miles long from the north, and the Monongahela, 300
miles long, unite at Pittsburg, and form the Ohio. The Youghiogeny is
a small river which flows into the Monongahela.
The governor is chosen by the people for three years, but cannot
hold the office more than 6 years in 9. He must be 30 years of age, and
have resided in the state for seven years. The senate consists of 33
members, elected by the people for three years, one third being chosen
annually. A member must be 25 years of age, and have resided four
years in the state, and the last year in the district in which he is chosen.
The house of representatives consists of 100 members, elected annually
by the people. A member must be 21 years of age, have resided in the
state three years next preceding his election, and the last year in the dis-
trict for which he is chosen. All judicial officers are appointed by the
governor, with the advice and consent of the senate. The judges of the
Supreme Court hold their offices for 15 years ; those of the Court of
Common Pleas hold theirs for 10 years ; and the associate judges of the
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 85
Court of Common Pleas hold theirs for five years. The secretary of state
is appointed by the governor, and holds office during his pleasure. The
treasurer is elected annually by the joint-ballot of both houses of the
legislature. Every white male citizen of the age of 21 years, who has re-
sided in the state for one year next preceding an election, and ten days in
the district where he offers his vote, and has paid a state or county tax,
enjoys the right of suffrage. The legislature meets annually at Harrisburg
on the first Tuesday in January.
The principal literary institutions are the University of Pennsylvania,
at Philadelphia ; Girard College, do. ; Dickenson College, Carlisle ; Jeffer-
son College, Cannonsburg ; Washington College, Washington ; Alleghany
College, Meadville ; Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg ; Lafayette College,
Easton ; Marshall College, Mercersburg. Besides these, there are the
Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia j
Jefferson Medical College, do. ; Medical Department of Pennsylvania
College, do. ; Theological Seminary of the Lutheran Church, Gettysburg ;
German Reformed, York ; and the Western Theological Seminary, at
Pittsburg. There are about 300 academies and 5,000 common schools.
This state was first settled by the Swedes and Finns. William Penn ob-
tained a grant of it in 1681. The constitution of the United States wa
adopted in convention, Dec. 13th, 1787, yeas 46, nays 23,
HILADELPHIA, the metropolis of the
state, and the second city in the Union
in population and in manufactures, is in lat. 39 57' 9" N., and Ion. 75
10' 37" W., 137 miles from Washington, and 88 from New York. Popu-
lation in 1840, 228.691. It is situated between the Delaware and Schuyl-
kill rivers, 5 miles above their junction, and extends from one to the
other. The rivers bounding it lie about two miles apart, in the narrowest
place. The city is 120 miles distant from the ocean by the course of the
Delaware. Its principal harbor is on the east, or Delaware river side,
where ships come up, and its foreign commerce centres. Philadelphia
has an extensive foreign, and a still greater domestic trade ; by means of
failroads and canals, it possesses facilities for communication wrth a great
extent of country, and shares with New York and Baltimore in the trade
of the great West. There is an air of great neatness, and of almost
peculiar cleanliness about this city ; but the extreme regularity of the
streets is tiresome. It was laid out in 1682, by Thomas Holme, the
first surveyor-general of the province. The ground selected was claimed
by three Swedes by the name of Swenson, who held a title for it, obtained
of the Dutch governor of N. Y., in 1664. This claim was purchased by Penn.
The public buildings, which are generally constructed of white marble,
are among the most elegant in the United States. The Custom-house, of
white marble, built on the model of the Parthenon the Pennsylvania
Bank the Mint of the United States the Exchange, with Corinthian
columns, and comprising a spacious hall and news-room, the post office,
&c. the Gitard Bank Girard College Masonic Hall, &c., are the public
86
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA.
buildings most remarkable tor beauty; but the most interesting, from ita
venerable appearance and biatorical associations, is the Old State-house,
or Independence Hall, It
fronts on Chesnut-street, hav-
ing Independence square in
its rear. It was finished in
1735. The wings, extending
from it to Fifth and Sixth
streets, are modern. In 1774
most of the wood- work of the
old steeple was taken down,
being much decayed, leav-
ing only a small belfry to
cover the town clock. The bell for the first steeple was imported
from England in 1752, but was broken by accident when first put
up. A new one was cast in Philadelphia, under the direction of Isaac
Norris, then speaker of the Colonial Assembly, who caused to be in-
scribed on it this passage from Leviticus xxv. 10, as if prophetic of ita
future use, " Proclaim LIBERTY throughout this land, unto all the in-
habitants thereof." Accordingly its joyous tones first proclaimed to
anxious thousands the declaration of American independence. The
chamber in which the Declaration was signed is on the first floor, at the
eastern end of the old building, and presents the same appearance that it
did at the time that instrument was signed.
There are in the city 150 churches, many of them fine specimens of
architecture. The benevolent and charitable institutions are very numer-
ous. One of the oldest and most respectable is Pennsylvania Hospital,
founded in 1751. Its buildings are on the space bounded by Eight, Ninth,
Spruce, and Pine streets. Between the street and the building is a colossal
statue, in bronze, of William Penn. The Hospital contains a fine an-
atomical museum and a medical library. The Insane Jlsylum, a branch
of the Hospital, is about two miles west of the Schuylkill. The United
States Marine Hospital or Naval Jlsylum is an elegant building on the
east bank of the Schuylkill, below Cedar-street. It is intended for invalid
seamen. The Almshouse is on the west side of the Schuylkill river. The
Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb is at the corner of
Broad and Pine streets. The Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction
of the Blind is in Race-street, near Schuylkill Third-street. Besides
these there may be mentioned, the Orphan's Asylum, the Asylum for
Indigent Widows and Single Women, Wills' Hospital for the Lame and
Blind, Preston Retreat, the Magdalene Asylum, Colored Orphan Asylum,
St. John's Orphan Asylum, Christ's Church Hospital, Friends' Alms-
house, Friends' Lunatic Asylum, two dispensaries, &c.
Among the literary institutions, the University of Pennsylvania is one
of the oldest and most considerable ; having been founded as a charity
school in 1751, it was made a college in 1755, and a university in 1779.
It has three departments, the Academical, Collegiate, and Medical. Here
instruction is given in the usual branches taught in other colleges and uni-
versities, and the usual degrees are conferred. It has a president and 1*3
professors, 1,053 alumni, 120 students, and 5,000 volumes in its libraries,
and possesses the most extensive anatomical museum in the Union, a
cabinet of natural history, and an excellent chemical and philosophical
apparatus. Its buildings are in Ninth-street, between Chesnut and Market
streets. The Medical Department of the University has 8 professors,
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 87
446 students, and 4,443 graduates. The lectures commence on the first
Monday in November. The Girard College for Orphans, endowed by
the late Stephen Girard with $2,0(10,000, was commenced on the 4th July.
1833, and the great central temple, and the two buildings on the left side,
are completed. No pupils have yet been admitted. Jefferson Medical
College was founded in 1825, and has 7 professors, 409 students, and 880
graduates. The lectures commence on the first Monday in November.
Its hall is in Tenth, between Walnut and Chesnut streets. The Medical
Department of Pennsylvania College was founded in 1839, and has 6
professors, and 60 students. Lectures commence on the first Monday in
November. The buildings are in Filbert-street above Twelfth.
The public schools of Philadelphia are numerous. At the head of
these stands the High School. There is also a model school, which has
a principal and ten professors.
Among the scientific and literary institutions is the American Philosophi-
cal Society, founded in 1743, principally through the exertions of Doctor
Franklin. Its hall is in south Fifth-street below Chesnut-street. It has
a library of 15,000 volumes of rare books, and a collection of minerals,
fossils, and ancient relics. The Franklin Institute was incorporated in
1824, for the promotion of Manufactures and the Arts. It holds an an-
nual fair, and possesses an extensive library. The Academy of Natural
Sciences has a spacious building in Broad-street, a library of 9,000
volumes, and a cabinet of natural science. The Pennsylvania Academy
of Fine Arts was founded in 1805. There is also the Artists' Fund So-
ciety. The Philadelphia Library, founded in 1731 by the influence of
Doctor Franklin, has 50,000 volumes. To this has been added the Le-
gonian Library of 11,000 volumes. The Mercantile Library, established in
1822, has a collection of 8,000 volumes. The Atheneum, incorporated in
1815, contains the papers and periodicals of the day, and several thousand
volumes. The Apprentices' Library, established in 1819, has 14,000
volumes. The United States Mint was founded in 1790, and commenced
operations in 1793, in the building now occupied by the Apprentices'
Library. Coining commenced in the present building in Chesnut-street in
1830. This edifice is of white marble ; the south front is 123 feet long, with
a portico 60 feet long, of six Ionic columns.
There are in the city 14 banks, 20 insurance companies, and several
theatres. The Philadelphia Museum, founded by Mr. Peule in 1784, is
one of the best in the country. There are several very extensive markets.
1'he United States Navy Yard, at the southern end of Swanson-street,
has an enclosed area of about 12 acres. The public squares of the city
are numerous, elegant, and capacious.
The Fairmont Water-works are situated on the left bank; of the Schuyl-
till, two miles from
the centre of the city.
The process by which
the city is supplied
with Witter is by means
of a dam thrown across |
the Schuylkill; ^_
water-power thus crea- fHEl-
ted acts on six large wheels, which keep in operation six forcing-punins.
to raise the water from the pool of the dam, 92 feet to the six reservoirs
on the summit of the hill. These reservoirs, which are 100 feet above
the tide-level, are capable of containing 22 millions of gallons. From tho
88 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA.
reservoirs the water is distributed throughout the city by iron pipes, the
aggregate length of which is about 110 miles. On the summit and slopes
of the hill, neat gravel walks and staircases are arranged ; and at the
base of the precipice, in spaces not occupied by machinery, a garden has
been laid out, tastefully decorated with flowers, shrubbery, statues, and
fountains. From the summit a magnificent prospect is enjoyed of the
city, the Schuylkill, and the romantic scenery of its valley. The Laurel
Hill Cemetery, on the banks of the Schuylkill, is 4 miles north of the city.
Nature seems to have lavished every variety of beauty and grandeur on
this secluded spot ; the grounds are laid out with serpentine gravelled
walks, and the whole is shaded by ancient forest and ornamental trees.
At the entrance is a splendid colonnade, and just within the gate, in a
small structure erected expressly for it, is an admirable group of statuary
by Thorn, representing Sir Walter Scott conversing with Old Mortality.
Cars leave 3 times daily for New York, (fare $3 to 4 ;) and a':?o for
Harrisburg, (fare $4 ;) for Baltimore twice daily, (fare $3 ;) for Potts-
ville daily, (fare $3.50 ;) for Washington, $4.00 ; for Wheeling, $14 ; for
Pittsbitrff, $13 ; for Pittsburg via Harrisburg, $11. Steamboats leave
daily for Burlington and Bristol ; and also for Wilmington, Del., New
Castle ; and for Red Bank, Cape Island, frr,., N. J. Stages leave daily
for Easton, Wilkesbarre, <$-c. ; three times a week for Port Deposit,
Jtfrf., and also for Flemingtan, N. J. (See page 83.)
LANCASTER is situated near the right bank of Conestoga creek, 71 miles
from Philadelphia. The city contains a court-house, 12 churches, an
academy, a female seminary, a Lancasterian school, 2 public libraries,
a theatre, a Mechanics' Institute, a reading-room, and 8,500 inhabitants.
Franklin College, once located here, has been discontinued, being at present
a. mere grammar-school. The style of many of the houses is antiquated,
retaining the character of the olden time. The city is well supplied with
pure water. ' Cars pass daily for Philadelphia and for Harrisburg.
HARRISBURQ, the capital of the state, is on the left bank of the Susque-
hanna, 106 miles from Philadelphia. Its situation is commanding, and
-=e= from it is obtained a view of
"^ the river and the picturesque
igi barrier of the Kittatinny
S Mountains, broken through
u by the river at the north.
J The State House occupies
Lan elevated situation ; the
Imain building is 180 feet front
|by 80 feet deep, and con
rtains the hall of representa
tives, the senate chamber, state library ot over 4,000 volumes, &c. The
other public edifices are the court-house, the prison, the arsenal, a
market, a Masonic-hall, an academy, two banks, and 10 churches. There
are two elegant bridges thrown across the river, and the Mount Airy
Water- works supply the city with water. Population in 1840, 6,002
1845, 8,000. Cars leave 3 times daily for Philadelphia, (fare $4.) and
daily for Chambersburg. Stages leave daily for Pittsburg, (fare $7 ;)
for Northumberland, and also for Baltimore, via York.
CARLISLE, situated in the Cumberland valley, 18 miles from Harrisburg,
is an ancient and flourishing place. It contains a court-house, a town-
hall, the buildings of Dickinson College, 11 churches, a bank, and 4,500
inhabitants. Dickinson College, under the direction of the Methodists,
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 89
was founded in 1783. It has a president and 7 professors, 561 alumni, 178
students, and 12,000 volumes in its libraries, and a very complete chemi-
cal and philosophical apparatus and mineralogical cabinet. The com-
mencement is on the second Thursday in July. The United States Bar-
racks, half a mile from the village, were built in 1777, chiefly by the
labor of the Hessians captured at Trenton. A school of cavalry practice
has recently been established there. The barracks will garrison 2,000
men. Cars pass through daily for Harrisburg, and for Chambersburg.
Stages leave daily in summer for Carlisle Springs.
Carlisle Sulphur Springs are situated four miles north of the village,
in a secluded valley, surrounded with the beautiful scenery of the Blue
Mountains. The grounds are tastefully laid out, and there are ample
accommodations for visitors.
CHAMBERSBURG is at the confluence of Falling Spring and Coneco-
cheague creeks, and contains a court-house, a bank, a Masonic-hall, 8
churches, an academy, and 3,300 inhabitants. In the village and its
vicinity are several extensive mills and manufactories. Cars leave daily
for Harrisburg. Stages leave daily for Pittsburg, and 3 times a week for
Baltimore.
BEDFORD, on the Pittsburg turnpike, is 206 miles from Philadelphia. It
is on a branch of Juniata river, and contains
five churches, an academy, a seminary, an
elegant court-house, and 1,100 inhabitants.
The Bedford Springs are situated about 14 |
miles south of the village, in a narrow, pic- j
turesque valley. There are 6 springs, viz. : ;
Anderson's, Fletcher's, Limestone, Sweet, Sul- J
phur, and the Chalybeate springs. These *
waters possess laxative and sudorific powers,
and have been found efficacious in removing
chronic obstructions, dyspepsia, diseases of the liver, cutaneous eruptions,
&c. Houses for cold, shower, and warm baths, have been erected.
There is an artificial lake on which boats sail ; and the other attractions of
this beautiful and romantic spot and vicinity, cannot fail to gratify the
most fastidious. Stages leave daily for Philadelphia. (See route 225.)
PITTSBURG, 317 miles from Philadelphia, is situated at the confluence of
the Allflghany and Monongahela rivers, which by their union form the Ohio
river. It is mostly built on a plain, with streets running parallel to
the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers. There are several fine bridges
across the Alleghany, and one across the Monongahela. The hiUs with
which Pittsburg is surrounded are filled with bituminous coal, which
affords great aid to its manufactories. The city contains a new and
beautiful court-house, the buildings of the Western University, 4 banks,
a museum, a theatre, several literary societies with libraries, 35 churches.
90 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA.
many exten-sive hotels, and, with its suburbs, 40,000 inhabitants. The city
is supplied with water from the Alleghany river. The water is raised by
steam-power to a reservoir of a capacity to contain a million of gallons.
The reservoir is 116 feet above the river, from which the water is dis-
tributed over the city in iron pipes, having an aggregate length of 10
miles. The Western University of Pennsylvania, founded in 1819, has a
president and 4 professors, and 64 students. The Western Theological
Seminary, founded in 1828, and located at Alleghany, on the north bank
of the Alleghany river, has 3 professors, 54 students, and 6,000 volumes in
its libraries. The Theological Seminary of the Associate Reformed
Church, founded in 1826, has about 30 students, and possesses a valuable
library. The Alleghany Theological Institute, founded in 1840, has a
valuable library. The United States Arsenal is 2i miles east, on the bunks
of the Alleghany. Most of the extensive manufactories are not in the
city proper, but scattered around within a circle of 5 miles radius : the
population within this range is over 50,000. Steamboats leave daily for
JVeio Orleans and the intermediate places. Fare to Wheeling, $1.50;
Marietta, $2.50; Guyandotte, $3; Maysville, Ky., $3.50; Cincinnati,
$5; Louisville, Ky., $6; Smithland, $8; Cairo, mouth of Ohio river,
$9; St. Louis, Mo., $10; Memphis, Tenn., $15: Vicksburg, Miss.,
$25 ; New Orleans, $26. Steamboats, in connection with stages, leave for
Cumberland ; thence by railroad to Baltimore, fyc. Canal boats leave for
Harrisburg daily. Stages leave daily for Erie ; for Cleveland, Ohio ;
for Steubenville, Ohio ; for Wheeling ; and for Harrisburg,
CANNONSBURG, 18 miles southwest from Pittsburg, has 4 churches, and
about 900 inhabitants. Jef-
ferson College, founded in
* 1802, and located here, has
| a president and 6 professors,
I 693 alumni, 164 students, and
f 4,500 volumes in its libraries.
The commencement is on the
| last Thursday in September.
= It has a medical department
I in Philadelphia. There i*
also at this place a Theological Seminary under the direction of the As-
sociate Church. Stages arrive and depart daily for Pittsburg.
WASHINGTON, 25 miles southwest from Pittsburg, on the National
road, is pleasantly situated on high ground, and contains 9 churches, a
court-house, an academy, a seminary, and 2,200 inhabitants. It is the
seat of Washington College, founded in 1806, which has a president, 5
professors, 224 alumni, 190 students, 3,300 volumes in its libraries, a cabinet of
minerals, &c. The commencement is on the last Wednesday in Septem-
ber. Stages leave daily for Pittsburg. for Wheeling, and for Baltimore,
BEAVER, on the right bank of the Ohio river, 35 miles below Pittsburg,
at the entrance of Beaver river, contains a court-house, 3 churches, an
academy, and about 600 inhabitants. Steamboats pass daily from
Pittsburg to Cincinnati, &c- Stages leave daily for Cleveland.
MEADVILOE is prettily situated on French creek, and has a court-house,
7 churches, an academy, a state arsenal, and about 1,500 inhabitants. It
is the seat of Alleghany College, founded in 1815, and has a president, 4
professors, 160 students, and 8,000 volumes in its libraries. Stages leave
daily for Pittsburg and for Erie.
ERIE is beautifuWy skuated upon a bluff, affording a prospect of
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 91
Presque-Isle bay and the lake beyond. It has one of the best harbors on
Lake Erie, and contains a court-house, a bank, 7 churches, an academy,
a seminary, and about 3,500 inhabitants. Perry's fleet was built here, the
vessels being finished in 70 days from the time the timber was felled ; and
here he returned with his prizes after the battle. The remains of his flag-
ship, the Lawrence, lie in the harbor, from which visiters are constantly
cutting pieces as relics. On the high banks a little to the right of the
village are the ruins of the old French fort, Presque-Isle. Steamboats
leave for Buffalo, for Cleveland, Detroit, <$-c. Stages leave daily for
Buffalo, JV. Y. ; for Cleveland* Ohio ; and for Pittsburg.
YORK, 11 miles west of the Susquehanna, on Codorus creek, contains a
court-house, a bank, an academy, 10 churches, several manufactories,
and 5,000 inhabitants : it has also a lyceum, possessing a cabinet of min-
erals, &c., and which sustains a course of lectures. Congress retired to this
place from Philadelphia, at the time of the battle of Brandywine, Sep.,-
1777 ; and held their session for nine months in the old court-house. Car*
leave daily for Philadelphia; and also for Baltimore. Stages leave daily
for Harrisburg, and 3 times a week for Chambersburg. See route.
York Sulphur Springs are situated twenty-
one miles south from Harrisburg, among sce-
nery exceedingly picturesque and varied. TheJ
medical properties of the waters have been I
highly extolled, particularly for their efficacy H
in cases of debilitated constitutions.
GETTYSBURG is situated on elevated grounds, 1
35 miles from Harrisburg. The Theological!
Seminary of the Lutheran Church, established
here in 1826, has 3 professors, 26 students, "
and 8,000 volumes in its libraries. This is also the seat of Pennsylvania
College, founded in 1832, which has a president, 7 professors, 189 students,
and 3,000 volumes in its libraries. The village contains a court-house, a
bank, an academy, 6 churches, and 1,700 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times
a week for York ; for Chambersburg ; and for Hagerstown, Md.
HUNTINGDON is situated on the left bank of the Juniata river, and is
built upon an elevated bank, sloping gently down to the river. It contains
a court-house, 6 churches, an academy, and 1,200 inhabitants. The
Juniata is here crossed by a substantial bridge. A short distance from
the village, in Stone Valley, are the " Warm Springs," which are much
resorted to. The waters are light on the stomach, diuretic, and are said to
contain magnesia. Stages pass daily from Harrisburg and from Pittsburg.
HOLMDAYSBURG is situated on the Juniata river, 143 miles by the
course of the canal from Harrisburg, near the eastern base of the Alle-
ghany Mountains. It contains a court-house, 6 churches, a classical
.school, several extensive manufactories, and about 3,000 inhabitants.
Here is the termination of the Juniata division of the Pennsylvania canal,
and the commencement of the Portage railroad through the mountain
pass, overcoming in ascent and descent, by means of ten inclined planes,
an aggregate of 2,572 feet. There is on the line a tunnel 870 feet long
and 20 feet high, through the mountain ; and also several viaducts.
All the viaducts and culverts have been built in the most substantial man-
ner. Stages leave daily for Harrisburg, and for Pittsburg, and for
Williamsport 3 times a week. Canal boats leave for Harrisburg daily.
JOHNSTOWN is situated on a broad flat, completely encircled by moun-
tains, at the confluence of Stony creek with the Little Connemaugh. and
92 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA.
at the commencement of the Western division of the Pennsylvania canal. It
contains 4 churches and about 1,500 inhabitants. Canal boats leave for
Pittsburg daily.
SUNBURY is situated on the left bank of the Susquehanna, 58 miles from
Harrisburg. Near the town, above and below, are ranges of high hills,
affording a magnificent prospect of the valley. The village has a court-
house, 5 churches, and 1,200 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Harris-
burg, for Wilkesbarre, and for Williamsport.
NORTHUMBERLAND is a mile above Sunbury, on the Susquehanna, and
at the junction of the north and west branches. There are three beautiful
bridges crossing the rivers here. The village contains a town-house, a
bank, 5 churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants.
WILUAMSPORT is situated on an elevated plain on the left bank of the
west branch of the Susquehanna, 99 miles from Harrieburg. It has a
court-house, 5 churches, an academy, and 1,500 inhabitants. Cars leave
daily for Ralston, thence in stages to Blossburg, and from thence in cars to
Corning, JV*. Y. ; and by railroad and stages to Elmira, JV. Y. Stages
leave t/iree times a week for Hollidaysburg.
NORRISTOWN is situated on the left bank of Schuylkill river, 16 miles
from Philadelphia. The dam across the river creates an immense water-
power. The village contains a court-house, 6 churches, a bank, an
academy, a seminary, a public library, and 3,000 inhabitants. Manu-
facturing is extensively carried on here. Six miles above Norristown, on
the west side of the river, at the mouth of Valley creek, is a deep rugged
hollow. An ancient forge established here, gave to the place the name of
VALLEY FORGK. Upon the mountain flanks of this valley, which over-
look all the adjacent country, Washington established the winter-quarters
of the army in 1777 and '8. This was the most gloomy period of the
Revolution. The army reached the valley about the 18th of December.
They might have been tracked by the blood of their feet in marching to
this place barefooted, over the hard frozen ground. The encampment
was surrounded on the land side by intrenchments, and several small re-
doubts were built at different points. Some of the intrenchments may
still be seen. Cars leave Norristown daily for Philadelphia, and for
Pottsville.
READING lies on the left bank of Schuylkill river, 56 miles from Phila-
delphia. The streets are regular and spacious. It has an elegant court-
house, 3 banks, an academy, 3 public libraries, (one in German,) a female
seminary, 12 churches, and about 8,000 inhabitants. The town is abun-
dantly supplied with spring water conducted through pipes. The scenery
in the vicinity is wild and picturesque, and the location remarkably
healthy. Cars leave daily for Philadelphia, and for Pottsville. Stage*
leave daily for Ifarrisburg, and for Easton 3 times a week.
POTTSVILLE, the great mart of the coal trade, is situated just above the
gorge by which the Schuylkill river passes the mountains, 92 miles from
Philadelphia. It is famous for its rapid growth. In 1824, it contained but
five dwellings. It now contains a town-hall, 6 churches, a bank, , on
academy, several extensive manufactories, and 4,335 inhabitants. Cars
leave daily for Philadelphia ; stages daily for Sunbury, Danville, and
Ca,tawissa, and 3 times a week for Mauch Chunk.
MAUCH CHUNK is situated on the right bank of Lehigh river, in a deep
romantic ravine, 122 miles from Philadelphia. The mountains rise ab-
ruptly from the village to the height of 800 to 1,000 feet. The village has
5 churches, several manufactories, and about h800 inhabitants. The ex-
STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA.
93
tensive coal mines here, and the operations of working them are ex-
ceedingly curious and interesting. Stages leave 3 times a week fur Easton;
for Philadelphia, fur Pottsville, and for Berwick.
WILKKSBARRE is on the left bank of the Susquehanna river, 110 miles
from Philadelphia. It contains a court-house, 3 churches, a bank, a
female seminary, a classical school, and 1,800 inhabitants. The valley of
Wyoming is rich in historical incident, and its landscapes combine beauty,
variety, and grandeur. The site of Fort Wyoming is covered by the
court-house. Fort Duryee was half a mile below the borough, near the
Shawnee flats. There was another fort on the eastern bank, nearly op-
posite the hotel, a little below the bridge, the redoubts of which are still
visible on the hill to the north of the village. Stages leave daily for
Northumberland ; for Binghamton, N. Y. ; 3 times a week for Hones-
dale ; for Easton ; and for JMauch Chunk.
EASTON is situated at the confluence of the Delaware and Lehigh
rivers, 50 miles
from Philadel-
phia. It is reg-
ularly laid out, t
the streets cross- !
ing each other \
at right angles. \
There are here 2 1
fine bridges, one ]
crossing the Del- .^__ . ... , ..
aware, and the other the Lehigh river. La Fayette College is located
here, with which manual labor is connected. It has a president, 8 pro-
fessors and tutors, 130 students, and 5,000 volumes in its libraries. Tho
commencement is on the 2d Wednesday in September. The village has 2
banks, a court-house, 5 churches, an academy, a classical school, a public
library with 3,000 volumes, and 5,000 inhabitants.
The three prominent gorges in the Kittatinny Mountains, the Lehigh
and Delaware Water-gaps, and the Wind-gap, arrest the attention of the
traveller. They arc all within a distance of 25 miles from Easton, and
are celebrated for their picturesque appearance, and the beauty of the
surrounding landscape. Stages leave daily for New York ; for Trenton.
N. J. ; for Philadelphia, and for Reading ; three times a week for Bing-
hamton, via Honesdale ; for Mauch Chunk, and for Wilkesbarre.
HONESDALE, situated at the junction of the Lackawaxen and Dyberry
creeks, is 147 miles from Philadelphia. It has been built up within a
few years, and contains a court-house, five churches, two academies, and
1,100 inhabitants. The Delaware and Hudson canal terminates here, and
a railroad Id'i miles long connects it with the coal mines. Stages leave
daily for New York ; for Owego ; three times a week for Easton ; and for
Wilkesbarre.
CARBONDALE, situated on Lackawana creek, owes its existence to the
Lackawnna coal mine, from which are quarried 800 to 900 tons daily.
The village contains 6 churches and about 1,000 inhabitants. Stages
leave 3 times a week for Wilkesbirre and for Honesdale.
BRISTOL, situated on the right bank of Delaware river, 20 miles above
Philadelphia, contains 3 churches, a bank, and about 1,500 inhabitants.
A ehort distance below, on the banks of the river, is the Bristol Military
Institute. Steamboats ply daily to Philadelphia, and cars leave for New
York, via Trenton.
94 STATE OF DELAWARE.
WESTCHESTER, 33 miles from Philadelphia, is surrounded by a beauti-
ful undulating country, and the place and vicinity is remarkable for its
salubrity. It is connected with the Columbia railroad, by a branch nine
miles long ; and the village contains a court-house, a bank, 6 churches,
an academy, 4 seminaries, a public library, an atheneum, a cabinet of
natural science, and 2,500 inhabitants. Cars leave twice daily for
Philadelphia.
CHESTER, 14 miles from Philadelphia, on the right bank of the Dela-
ware river, is the most ancient town in the state. It has a court-house, 3
churches, a bank, and 1,000 inhabitants. Cars pass through it twice
daily from Philadelphia and from Baltimore.
DELAWARE lies between 38 2^ and 39 47' N.
lat., and between 74 56' and 75 40* W. Ion. It is
92 miles long, and 23 broad, containing 2,120 square
miles. Population in 1840, 78,085.
The lower part of the state is very level. The
i northern part is moderately hilly and rough. An ele-
I vated table-land, towards its western border, passes
_ L through the state, dividing the waters which fall into
the Chesapeake from those which fall into Delaware bay ; it contains a
chain of swamps, from which the principal streams take their rise. In the
vicinity of Delaware river the soil is productive, but becomes less so
towards the swamps in the west. Its southern part affords some fine
grazing-land. The rivers are small. Brandywine creek, 40 miles long,
uniting with Christiana creek, forms the harbor of Wilmington. Duck
creek, Mispillion creek, and Indian river flow into the Delaware.
The present constitution was adopted in 1831. The governor is chosen
for four years, and is ever after ineligible. The senate consists of three
members from each county, chosen for four years. The representatives
are seven from each county, chosen once in two years. The legislature
meets once in two years, on the first Tuesday of January. Every male
citizen over twenty-two years of age, who has resided one year in the
state, and the last month in the county in which he votes and paid a tax,
has the right of suffrage ; and if he be between 21 and 22 years, and
otherwise qualified, he may vote without payment of a tax. The'judicial
power is exercised by 4 common-law judges and a chancellor. There
must be one associate judge in each county.
There is but one college in the state, viz., Delaware College, at Newark
and there are twenty academies, and 152 common schools.
Delaware was first settled by Swedes and Fins, in 1630. In con-
vention it adopted the constitution of the United States, Dec. 3d, 1787, by
a unanimous vote.
STATE OF DELAWARE. 95
DOVER, the capital of the state, is situated on the south side of Jones
creek, 10 miles from its entrance into Delaware bay. Its streets cross at
right angles, and at the centre of the town is a spacious public square, on
which the state-house is erected, and around which other public buildings
are ranged. It contains 3 churches, a bank, an academy, and about 700
inhabitants. Here is a splendid monument, erected by the state, to the
memory of Col. John Haslett, who fell at the battle of Princeton. Stages
leave daily for Wilmington, and 3 times a week for Snow Hill, Md.
WILMINGTON is situated between Brandywine river and Christiana
creek, one mile from their confluence, and 27 miles southwest from Phila-
delphia. It is the largest place in the state, and its streets are broad and
regularly laid out. It contains a city-hall, two market-houses, 3 banks,
an almshouse, an arsenal, a Friends' boarding school for young ladies, a
public library, 16 churches, 9 academies, and 10,000 inhabitants. In the
city and vicinity are many extensive manufactories and flouring-mills.
The Brandywine Springs, about 5 miles from Wilmington, are much
resorted to in the summer season for health and pleasure. Cars leave
twice daily for Philadelphia, (fare 50 cts.,) and for Baltimore. Steam-
boats ply daily to Philadelphia. Stages leave daily for Milford, via
Newcastle and Dover.
NEWARK, on Christiana creek,12 miles from Wilmington and 1 mile from the
depot, contains the buildings
of Delaware College, three
churches, an academy, and
800 inhabitants. Delaware
College was founded in 1833,
and endowed by t he state with
a fund of $100,000. It has
a president, 4 professors, a <
tutor, and 50 students. The
commencement is on the 4th
Wednesday in September.
NEWCASTLE, 5 miles south from Wilmington, on the right bank of
Delaware river, was once the capital of the state. It was the site of the
Dutch fort, Casimir, and the village of Niew Amstel. It contains a court-
house, a town-house, an arsenal, 5 churches, an academy, a public
library of 4,000 volumes, and 1,200 inhabitants. Steamboats leave daily
for Philadelphia, and cars, in connection with steamboats, for Baltimore.
SMYRNA, 35 miles from Wilmington, is on Duck creek, and contains
& church, and about 600 inhabitants.
DELAWARE CITY is situated on the west side of Delaware bay, at the
entrance of the Chesapeake and Delaware canal. It contains about 50
dwellings. In front of it, on Peapatch Island, is Fort Delaware.
MILFORD, situated on Mispillion creek, 68 miles from Wilmington, con-
tains 3 churches, 2 academies, and about 600 inhabitants.
GEORGETOWN, 88 miles from Wilmington, situated near the head waters
of Indian river, has a court-house, an academy, a bank, and about 300
inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Wilmington.
STATE OF MARYLAND.
AC ft.
MARYLAND lies between 38 and 39 44' N. lat.,
and between 75 a 10' and 79 20' W. Ion. It is 196
miles long, and 120 broad, containing 13,959 square
miles. Population in 1840, 469,232. Eastern Mary-
land, or that part of the state east of the Chesapeake
bay, is mostly level. The country on the west shore to
the head of tides, is similar to the eastern shore ; the
soil of this portion is generally fertile, producing wheat,
Indian corn, tobacco, &c. Above the flow of the
tides, the surface rises into hills, and the western part attains an elevated
region, being crossed by the Alleghany Mountains. The western part
contains much fine land, adapted both to grain and grazing. Extensive
beds of coal and of iron ore exist.
The Potomac river, which divides this state from Virginia, is 550 miles
long, and navigable about 300 miles to Washington city. It is ?i miles
wide at its mouth. The great falls are 59 miles above Washington ; the
perpendicular descent is 76 feet, and the rapids extend for several miles up
the river, and form a very picturesque view. The Susquehanna is a
large river, which enters into the head of the Chesapeake bay in this
state. It is li miles wide at its mouth, but is navigable only five miles,
being, above that, much obstructed by falls and rapids. The Patapsco
is a small river, navigable, however, 14 miles to Baltimore for ships. The
Patuxent is 110 miles long, and is navigable for 50 miles for vessels of 250
tons. The other rivers are Elk, Sassafras, Chester, Choptank, Nanticoke,
and Pocomoke. The Chesapeake bay is 270 miles long, and from
seven to twenty wide ; and, by its numerous inlets, furnishes many fine
harbors; and in season, abounds with the choicest water- fowl, fish, &c.
The constitution of the state was formed in 1776, but has been frequently
amended since that time. The state is divided into 3 districts, viz : the
eastern, the southern, and the northwestern. The governor is elected fof
three years, by the people from the districts alternately : so that each dis-
trict is represented in the gubernatorial chair, for one term, in each period^
of nine years. The candidate for governor must have resided in the district
which he represents, for three years next preceding the election. The
senate consists of 21 members, elected for six years, one-third of the num-
ber being elected every two years ; and the senators must have resided in
the county for which they are chosen, for one year next preceding the elec-
tion. The House of Delegates consists of 79 members, elected by the peo-
ple ; and must have resided in the county for which they are chosen, for
one year next preceding their election. The judges are appointed by the
governor, with the advice and consent of the senate, and hold their offices
during good behavior. Every white male citizen, 21 years of age, who has
resided in the state one year next preceding nn c-I< rtion, and for six months
in the county where he offers his vote, enjoys the right of suffrage.
STATE OF MARYLAND.
97
The colleges, &c., in this state are as follows, viz. : St. John's College, at
Annapolis, founded in 1784 ; St. Mary's College, at Baltimore ; Mount St.
Mary's College, near Emmettsburg ; Medical School University, at Balti-
more, and Washington Medical College, do. Besides these, there are 130
academies and about 575 primary and common schools.
The original charter of Maryland was granted to Lord Baltimore, in
1632. It was first settled by Catholics in 1634, at St. Mary's. In
convention, April 28th, 1788, it adopted the constitution of the United
States yeas 63, nays 12.
BALTIMORE the thii
tent, population, and commerce, in the
United States, is situated on the north
side of Patapsco river, 14 miles from its entrance into Chesapeake bay,
and 200 miles from the ocean by ship channel, in 39 17' 23" N. lat., and
76 37' 30" W. Ion. It is 40 miles from Washington, 97 from Philadel-
phia, 185 from New York, 590 from Pittsburg. Population in 1840.
102,313. The harbor, which is a very fine one, consists of three parts.
The entrance to it, between Fort McHenry and the Lazaretto, is about 600
yards wide, and has twenty-two feet depth of water. Above Fell's
Point is the second harbor, with 15 feet water ; the third or inner harbor,
has a depth of ten to twelve feet, and penetrates to near the centre of the
city. It is the most extensive market for tobacco in the United States, and the
greatest flour market in the world. Within 20 miles of the city, there are 70
or more flouring-mills. The city affords many commanding sites for build-
ings. The part compactly built extends about 2 miles in length from E. to
W., and a mile and a half from north to south. The streets generally cross
each other at right angles. The north end of the town is the fashionable
quarter, in the vicinity of Washington Monument; and the principal
promenade is Baltimore-street, which is two miles in length, extending
through the centre of the city. The public buildings are, the City-hall,
on Hollidays-street, occupied by the city council and public officers; the
Court-house, corner of Washington and Monument streets ; the State
Penitentiary, 7 markets, 11 banks, a savings institution, eight insurance
companies, two theatres, a circus, a museum, several extensive hotels,
&c., &c. There are upwards of 100 churches, many of which are
elegant structures.
The University of Maryland was incorporated in 1812. It has a faculty
of Arts and Science, of Physic, of Theology, and of Law. The first 1ms
7 professors that of physic has 7, of theology 3, and that of law 4. It
is well supplied with materials for anatomical studies, and has a good
chemical laboratory. Lectures commence on the last Monday in October.
Washington Medical University, which has 7 professors, has an annual
session of four months, beginning on the last Monday in October. Balti
more College, which constitutes the collegiate department of the Uni-
versity of Maryland, is under the general supervision of the regents of the
University, and the particular direction and management of a president,
ttistusttd by different professors and teachers. St. Mary's College and
98
STATE OF MARYLAND.
Seminary has 14 professors or other instructors. The Maryland College
of Pharmacy, incorporated January, 1841, has a president, two vice-
presidents, a secretary, a treasurer, and a board of three examiners. The
Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, has a president and 5 professors.
The Mercantile Library Association, founded in 1839, has a library of
5,000 volumes. The Maryland Historical Society is located in Baltimore.
Maryland Hospital, on Hampsted hill, in the eastern extremity of the city,
is under the management of a board of visitors appointed by the state.
Mount Hope Hospital, in the northern part of the city, is under the
management of the Sisters of Charity ; it will contain 100 patients. The
Baltimore Infirmary, connected with the medical department of the Uni-
versity of Maryland, is under the direction of the faculty of physic.
Washington Monument stands on elevated ground, 150 feet above
t tide-water, at the intersection of Charles and Monu-
ment streets, and is the most imposing structure in the
city. It is a Doric column, rising from a base 50 feet
square and 20 feet high. The shaft is 160 feet high and
* twenty feet in diameter. A winding stairway leads to
the top, where is a statue of WASHINGTON, by Causici,
thirteen feet high. The whole is constructed of white
marble. From its top is a fine view of the city and its
^^ environs. The Battle Monument, at the corner of
Fayette and Calvert streets, was erected in 1815, in
; memory of those who fell, defending the city when at-'
: tacked by the British in 1814. It is constructed of white
f marble, is 52 feet high, and surmounted by a figure
4 emblematic of the city of Baltimore. The city is sup-
* plied with water for the extinguishment of fires, from
Jones Jt mis ; me water being raised by steam-power into two reservoirs hold-
ing about seven millions of gallons, and distributed in iron pipes. The
public springs or fountains, of which there are four, are tastefully orna-
mented, and furnish a copious supply of pure water. Green Mount
Cemetery is situated near the north bounds of the city. It has mostly a
high undulating surface, and is handsomely laid out, and adorned with
shrubbery, sculptured tombs, &c. Baltimore was laid out as a town in
1729. In 1765 it contained only 50 houses. It was chartered in 1797.
Cars leave twice daily for Philadelphia, (fare $3 ;) for Washington 3
times daily, (fare 1.60 ;) for Cumberland daily, (fare $7 ;) for Columbia^
Pa,., (fare $2.63 ;) and for Annapolis daily. Stages leave daily in sum-
mer for York Sulphur Springs, 3 times a week for Gettysburg, Pa. t
Emmettsburg, be. Fare to New York, $7 ; to Richmond, Fa., $6.60 ;
to Wilmington, N. G, $16.60; to Charleston, $21; to Mobile, $57.50;
to New Orleans, $62.50 ,to Wheeling, $10; to Pittsburg, $11. Steam-
boats leave daily for Norfolk, Va., via Old Point Comfort, Jlnnapolis t
&c. ; and also for Philadelphia via French Town, New Castle, Sec.
ANNAPOLIS, the capital of the state, is situated on the Chesapeake bay.
at the entrance of Severn river. The streets radiate from three centres,
which are the sites of the three principal buildings, viz. : the State House,
St. John's College, and St. Anne's Church ; besides these, there are a
government-house, a Methodist and a Roman Catholic Chapel, a semi-
nary, and a bank. The city contains 2,800 inhabitants. The State House
is remarkable as the building in which the American Congress, during the
Revolutionary war, held some of its sessions. The Senate Chamber,
which witnessed the last scene of the great drama of the Revolution.
. STATE OF MARYLAND. 99
Washington's resignation of his commission to the Congress, has been
preserved unaltered. St. John's College was founded in 1784, as the
Western-shore branch of the
University of Maryland, now
extinct. In 1823 and 1832,
the Assembly restored a large ^==
portion of the funds which j "
had been withheld since!
1806. It now has a Presi-jL
dent, five professors, 1,240||L
nlumni, 75 students, and ^^j^t^sSf^iSJ&s&^&L
4,000 volumes in its libraries. .
The commencement is on the 22d of February. The United States Naval
Academy, at Fort Severn, has 7 professors, and 70 midshipmen as students.
Cars leave daily for Washington and for Baltimore.
HAVRE DE GRACE is on the west side of Susquehanna river, at its en-
trance into Chesapeake bay, 60 miles from Philadelphia. The Susque-
hanna canal terminates here, connecting the Chesapeake witfLthe Pennsyl-
vania cnnals. A steam -ferry crosses the river. The town nas a church
and 1 ,500 inhabitants. In 1813, the British under Admiral Cockburn burned
the place. Cars leave twice daily for Philadelphia and for Baltimore.
ELKTON is situated at the junction of the two main branches of Elk
river, at the head of tide-water, 45 miles from Philadelphia. The village
is half a mile south of the railroad depot. It contains a court-house, a
bank, a Methodist church, and about 150 dwellings. Cars leave twice
daily for Philadelphia, and for Baltimore. Stages leave 3 times a week
for Cambridge via Chestertown, Easton, &c.
CHESTKRTOVVN, situated on Chester river, 30 miles from Chesapeake
bay, contains two churches, a branch of the University of Maryland, an
academy, and about 1 ,000 inhabitants.
EASTON, on Tread Haven bay, 13 miles from its entrance into Chesa-
peake bay and from Elkton, has a court-house, 3 churches, an academy,
and 1,000 inhabitants.
CAMBRIDGE, situated on Choptank river, twelve miles from its entrance
into the Chesapeake bay, has a court-house, two churches, an academy,
and 800 inhabitants. Stages leave three times a week for Elkton, and
twice fur Snow Hill.
SNOW HILL, situated on the east side of Pocomoke river, contains a
court-house, an academy, 5 churches, and about 800 inhabitants. Stages
leave three times a week for Wilmington, Del., and for J^comac and East-
villc, Va. Barren Creek Mineral Spring is 23 miles from Cambridge.
The waters contain oxide of iron, soda, and magnesia combined with
muriatic acid ; they are tonic and diuretic, and have been found serviceable
in bilious complaints.
WESTMINISTER is situated on the head waters of the Patap.co river,
and contains a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and 500 inhabitants.
EMMETTSBURG, situated on the Monacacy river, in a pretty rural country,
has four churches, an academy, and 800 inhabitants. Two miles distant
is Mount St. Mary's College, under the direction of the Roman Catholics,
founded in J830; it has a president and 11 instructors, 130 students, and
4,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is in the last week in
June. Stages leave three times a week for Frederick.
FREDERICK, the second place of importance in the state, is situated on
a branch of Monacacy creek, 61 miles from Baltimore, and is surrounded
100
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
by a picturesque and highly fertile country. Its streets are wide, and
regularly laid out. The city contains an elegant court-house, county
othces, several banks, a market-house, twelve churches, several scientific
and literary institutions, and 5,200 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for
Baltimore. Stages leave 3 times a week for Gettysburg. Pa.
HAGERSTOWN, 70 miles from Baltimore, is pleasantly situated on the
Antictam creek. It contains a court-house, 2 banks, 2 academies, a town-
hall, 9 churches, and 3,800 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Frederick.
HANCOCK, situated on the left bank of the Potomac river, has 2 churches,
an academy, and 400 inhabitants.
CUMBERLAND is situated on the left bank of Potomac river, at the en-
trance of Wills creek, 178 miles from Baltimore. It contains a court-
house, a market-house, a bank, five churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants.
It occupies the site of Fort Cumberland, and the mountain scenery in the
vicinity is picturesque, varied, and beautiful. Extensive beds of coal
exist in the surrounding hills and mountains. Cars leave daily for Bnlti-
nwre, (fare $7.) Stages leave far Wheeling, Va., (fare $4 ;) and stages
m connection with steamboats at Brownsville, Pa.,forPittsburg t (fare $3.}
THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA occup.es a space
of 60 square miles, and is situated on the left bank of
|jthe Potomac r. 120 miles from its entrance into Chesa-
i peake bay. The territory was formerly 10 miles square,
^and was ceded by the states of Maryland and Vir-
1 ginia, for the purpose of becoming the seat of the
i. government of the Republic. The portion west of the
] Potomac was retroceded to Virginia in 1846. The
District, which is under the immediate jurisdiction of
Congress, contains the cities of Washington and Georgetown. Pop. 35,000.
WASHINGTON, the capital of the United States, is situated on the left
bank of the Potomac, at its confluence with the Anacostia, in N. lat.
38 U 52' 45", and W. Ion. 76 55' 30" from Greenwich. It is 205 miles
from the ocean by the course of the river, 38 from Baltimore, and 225
from New York. It contained, in 1840, 23,364 inhabitants. The city is
encompassed by a fine range of hills, and covered in part with trees and
/hrubbery, presenting verdant and cultivated slopes. The ground on
which it is built has a general elevation of about forty feet above the
river. In planning the city, the most advantageous ground was ap-
propriated for the different edifices, and for several squares, commanding
extensive prospects, and susceptible of such improvements as use or
ornament might require. Avenues of direct communication have been
made, connecting distant objects with the principal ones. North and south
lines, crossed by others running east and west, divide the city into street*
mid squares. The avenues are named after the respective states, and the
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 101
Capitol is the point from which the streets are named, those north being
called A North, &c., and those south, A South, &c. ; those east and west,
1st East, &c., and 1st West, &c., respectively. The avenues are from 120
to 160 feet wide ; Pennsylvania avenue, leading from the Capitol to the
President's house, has a sidewalk twenty-six feet wide, paved, and planted
with trees, the carriage-way being macadamized.
The Capitol is a large and massy^building of the Corinthian order of
architecture, and is built
of freestone. It is situated ~
in the centre of the square, 1
on an eminence 78 feet 3
above the tide, and is com- 1
posed of a central edifice |
with two wings, with
projection on the west side. |
It covers H acres and 1,8-20 1
square feet, exclusive off
the circular enclosure for |
fuel, forming an elegant \
area and glacier on the I .^,,.,^^, WI , 1I1
west front. The length of the Iront is '&&t feet, including the wings ; the
depth of the wings is 121 feet. The projection on the east or main front,
including the steps, is 65 feet wide, and another on the west front 83 feet
wide. On the east front there is a splendid portico of 22 columns 38 feet
high ; and on the west front is a portico of ten columns. The height of
the building to the top of the dome is 120 feet. Under the dome, in the
middle of the building, is the Rotunda, 95 feet in diameter, and of the
same height, and adorned with sculpture, in stone panels in bold relief:
the subjects of these are Smith delivered by the interposition of Pocahon-
tas the Landing of the Pilgrims the conflict of Boone with the Indians
and Penn treating with the Indians; and the four celebrated paintings by
Trumbull, representing the presentation of the Declaration of Indepen-
dence to Congress the surrender of Burgoyne to Gates the surrender
of Cornwallis at Yorktown and Washington resigning his commission
to Congress at Annapolis ; also the baptism of Pocahontas, by Chapman ;
and the Embarkation of the Pilgrims, by Weir. The east front has also,
in two niches, colossal figures in marble, of Peace and of War, and a
fine marble statue of COLUMBUS, by Persico, has just been added to this
entrance. The colossal statue of WASHINGTON, by Greenough, has
been placed in the East Park, in a neat temple erected for the purpose.
To the west of the Rotunda is the library room of Congress, 92 by 34
feet, and 36 feet in height, containing 30,000 volumes. In the second
story of the south wing is the Hall of the House of Representatives, of a
semicircular form, 96 feet long and 60 feet high, with a dome supported
by 24 columns of native variegated marble, and with capitals of Italian
marble. This room is ornamented by some fine statuary and paintings.
The Senate Chamber is in the second story of the north wing, and is
gemicircular, like that of the Representatives, but smaller, being 78 feet
long and 45 feet high. Below the Senate Chamber, and nearly of the
same form and dimensions, though much less elegant, is the room of the
Supreme Court of the United States ; and there are in the building 70
rooms for the accommodation of committees and officers of Congress.
Around the Capitol are 22 acres of park, highly ornamented with trees of
many varieties, shrubbery, fountains, &c.
102 .DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
The President's House is an elegant edifice of freestone, two stories
high, at the intersection of
I Pennsylvania, Virginia, New
| York, Connecticut, and Ver-
|mont avenues, and stands
jnear the centre of a park of
1 20 acres, at an elevation of
^ 44 feet above the river. The
5 front entrance faces north
6 upon La Fayette Square, and
fe the southern front, towards
the garden, presents a fine view of the city, of the Potomac river, and
the shores of Maryland and Virginia. The building is 170 feet front and
86 feet deep. The north front is ornamented with a fine Ionic portico of
four lofty columns, projecting with three columns. The outer inter
columniation is for carriages to drive into, to place the company under
shelter. The middle space is the entrance for visitors who come on foot ;
the steps from both lead to a broad platform in front of the door of en-
trance. The interior is elegantly constructed and richly furnished.
On the east of the President's House are two large buildings ; there are
also two others on the west, for the accommodation of the Departments
of State, of the Treasury, of War, and of the Navy. The General Post-
office, and the Patent-office, are also extensive buildings. The new
Treasury building has a splendid colonnade 457 feet in length. The
General Post-office is of the Corinthian order. The Pn tent-office, in ad-
dition to other spacious apartments, has one room in the upper story 275
feet long and 65 feet wide, and when completed by wings, will be up-
wards of 400 feet in length. The portico of this building is of the same
extent as that of the Parthenon at Athens.
The Navy Yard is on the eastern branch, about three- fourths of a mfle
southeast of the Capitol, and contains 27 acres. It has houses for officers,
shops, and warehouses, two large ship-houses, an armory, &c. The city
contains 30 places of worship, two orphan asylums, three banks, a city-
hall, an hospital, a penitentiary, a theatre, 12 academies, &c.
Columbian College was incorporated in 1821. It is pleasantly situated
on elevated ground north of the President's house. It has a medical
department attached. In the several departments are a president. 10
professors, and 104 students. It has 4,200 volumes in its libraries. The
commencement is on the first Wednesday of October. The National
Institution for the Promotion of Science, was organized in 1840. It meets
monthly. Its collections are in the* grand hall of the Patent-office. The
United States Exploring Expedition has added largely to its collection.
The Union Literary Society holds a weekly discussion at the lecture-room
of the Medical College. The City Library contains 6,000 volumes,
The Congressional Cemetery, a mile east of the Capitol, is handsomely
laid out, and contains many sculptured tombs, monuments, &c. It is
tastefully adorned with trees and shrubbery.
The seat of the Federal government was removed to Washington city
in 1800. The north wing of the Capitol was commenced September
16th, 1793; the President, George Washington, laid the corner-stone:
the architect was Pierre C. L'Enfant. Cars leave Washington daily for
Boston, via Baltimore, Philadelphia, and JV*. York. Steamboat for Norfolk.
-Stages for St. Louis, Cincinnati, Detroit, &c. Steamboat, railroad, and staff t
line forN. O. via Richmond, WUmington, Charleston, Mobile, See routes
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 103
' No traveller should leave Washington without making a pilgrimage to
Mount Vernon. It is on the bank of the Potomac, fifteen miles from the
city. A recent traveller thus describes the spot and his visit. " After a
few miles of riding through the forest, with occasional openings and culti-
vated spots, my friend pointed out a stone sunk in the ground by the road-
side, which, he suid, marked the beginning of the Mount Vernon estate.
Still we rode on for a couple of miles, before the gate and porter's lodge
came in sight. After passing the gate, we had still a distance of half a
mile before us, and the simple carriage-path led us over a surface much
diversified, while the trees were most grand and forest-like. We crossed
a brook, passed through a ravine, and felt ourselves so completely in the
midst of aboriginal, untouched nature, that the sight of the house and the
cluster of surrounding buildings,_came like a surprise upon me. The
approach to the ,
house is towards j
the west front. |
The door fromf
the piazza open-
ed directly into|
a large room,*;
which we enter- f
ed. It was no|
mere habit that" _^^_^. .
lifted the hat from my head, and~i stepped lightly, as though upon
hallowed ground. . . . The rooms of the house are spacious, and
there is something of elegance in their arrangement; yet the whole is
marked by great simplicity. All the regard one could wish, seems to
have been shown to the sacredness of these public relics, and all things
have been kept very nearly as Washington left them. Let every Ameri-
can, and especially every young American, visit this place, and catch
something of its spirit. It will make an impression on him which
may endure through life At a short distance from the house, in a
retired spot, stands the new family tomb, a plain structure of brick, with
a barred iron gate, through which are seen two sarcophagi of white
marble, side by side, containing the remains of Washington and his
consort. The old family tomb, in which he was first placed, is in a more
picturesque situation, upon a knoll, in full view of the river; but the
present one is more retired, which was reason enough to determine the
wishes of a modest man."
GEORGETOWN, on the left bank of the Potomac river, is two miles west of
Washington, from which it is separated by Rock creek, over which are
two bridges. The situation is pleasant, commanding a fine view of the
Potomac river, the city of Washington, and of the adjacent country ; and
it contains many elegant buildings and country-seats. It has four banks,
a market-house, 7 churches, 6 academies, a college, and 7,312 in-
habitants. Georgetown College, founded in 1791, under the direction of
the Roman Catholics, has two spacious brick edifices, finely situated.
It has a president and 14 professors, or other instructors, 90 alumni, 140
students, and 25,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is
near the last of July. It was authorized by Congress, in 1815, to confer
degrees. There is also a nunnery, called the Convent of Visitation,
founded in 1798, which contains from 50 to 70 nuns, attached to which is
a large female academy, which generally contains 100 young ladies, in-
structed by the nuns. The Chesapeake and Ohio canal commences at
104
STATE OF VIRGINIA.
this place, which is designed to be extended to the Ohio river, nnd
which has heen recently continued to Alexandria. Omnibuses arrive from
and depart for Washington every 15 minutes.
ALEXANDRIA, seven miles below Washington, is finely situated on the
right bank of the Potomac, which has a depth of water here sufficient for
vessels of the largest class. The city is considerably elevated, ascending
gradually from the river; the streets cross each other at right angles. It
contains a court-house, 10 churches, two banks, two insurance com-
panies, a museum, 8 academies, and 8,500 inhabitants. The Museum is
well worth attention. It. contains more personal relics of Gen. Washing-
Ion than can be found elsewhere, and also a large and curious collection
of specimens in natural history. The city has considerable shipping, and
exports wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco. The Chesapeake and Ohio
canal extends to this place. Steamboats ply hourly to and from Washington.
VIRGINIA lies between 36 33' and 40 43' N.
lat., and between 75 25' and 83 40' W. Ion. It is
370 miles long and 200 broad at its greatest width, con-
taining 64,000 square miles. Population in 1840,
1,239,797.
f As regards surface and soil, this state mny be di-
/ vided into four sections. The eastern includes a tract
of about 100 or 120 miles in width, and is generally
low and level, and in some places marshy ; it has a
j light sandy soil, mostly covered with pines. West of
the line of the head of tide-water the country becomes
" undulating and hilly, until it attains one continuous
I mountain elevation, known as the Blue Ridge, cross-
ing uio enure width of the state. The alluvial lands in this tract are for
the most part very fertile, those of James river especially being un-
usually productive. The third section includes the valley between the
JBlue Ridge and the Alleghany mountains. This tract, though in parts
broken by mountains, is generally the most fertile and healthy part of the
state. The fourth section includes the country between the Alleghany
chain and the Ohio ; this portion, though in many places wild and broken,
has a great deal of fine fertile land, with vast deposites of coal, iron,
salt, &c.
The Potomac river separates Virginia from Maryland. James river is
the largest which belongs to this state. It is 500 miles in length, and flows
from the mountains in the interior, behind the Blue Ridge, through which
it passes. It is navigable for sloops 120 miles, and for boats much further,
and flows into Chesapeake bay. The Appamattox is 130 miles long, and
STATE OF VIRGINIA. 105
enters James river 100 miles above Hampton Roads, and is navigable 12
miles to Petersburg. The Rappahannock, 130 miles long, and navigable
110 miles for sloops, rises in the Blue Ridge, and flows into the Chesa-
peake. York river enters the Chesapeake 30 miles below the Rappahan-
nock, and is navigable 40 miles for ships. The Shenandoah enters the
Potomac just before its passage through the Blue Ridge. Of the rivers
west of the mountains, the Great Kanawha rises in North Carolina,
passes through this state, and enters the Ohio. The Little Kanawha also
flows into the Ohio. The Monongahela rises in this state, though it
runs chiefly in Pennsylvania. The lower part of Chesapeake bay lies
wholly in this state, is 15 miles wide at its mouth, and enters the Atlantic
between Cape Charles and Cape Henry.
The executive power is vested in a governor, elected by the joint vote of
the two houses of the General Assembly. He is chosen for three years,
and is ineligible for the next three. There is a council of state, elected
in like manner for three years, the seat of one being vacated every year.
The senior councillor is lieutenant-governor. The senators can never be
more than 36, and the delegates than 150; and both are apportioned
anew among the counties every ten years. The senators are elected for
four years, and the seats of one-fourth of them are vacated every year.
The delegates are chosen annually. All appointments to any office of
trust, honor, or profit, by the legislature, are made openly, or viva voce,
and not by ballot. The judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals, and of
the superior courts, are elected by the joint vote of both houses of the
General Assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior, or until
removed by a joint vote of two-thirds of the legislature.
The right of suffrage is extended to every resident white male citizen
21 years of age, entitled to vote by the former constitution ; or who
owns a freehold valued at $25, or a joint interest in a freehold to that
amount; or who has a life estate, or a reversionary title to land valued at
$50, having been so possessed for six months ; or who shall own, or be in
occupation of a leasehold estate having been recorded two months, for a
term not less than five years, of the annual value or rent of $200; or who
for 12 months shall have been a housekeeper and head of a family, and
paid the taxes assessed by the commonwealth.
The literary institutions in this state are William and Mary College, at
Williamsburg ; Hampden Sidney College, in Prince Edward county,
with a medical department in Richmond ; Washington College, at Lex-
ington; Randolph Macon College, at Boydton ; the University of Vir-
ginia, at Charlottesville ; St. Vincent's College, at Richmond ; and Rich-
mond College, do. There are theological schools at Richmond and in
Fairfax county. There are about 400 academies and 2,000 common schools.
Virginia is sometimes called the Ancient Dominion, having been
settled in April, 1607, at Jamestown, on James river, which was the
first white settlement in the United States. In convention, June 25th, 1788,
the constitution of the United States was adopted yeas 89, nays 79.
Jamestown, the first settlement in British America, was commenced by
Capt. John Smith and his companions, May 13th, 1607. The site is a
point of land projecting into James river, seven miles distant from Wil-
liamsburg. Of this interesting spot, little now remains but a church-
yard, and the tower of an ancient church a venerable memento of an-
tiquity, carrying back the mind of the traveller, as he hurries by in a
passing steamer, to scenes long since vanished " down time's lengthening
Jvay."
5*
106
STATE OF VIRGINIA.
RICHMOND, the capital of the state, is beautifully situated on the
left bunk of James river,
at the lower falls, and ]50
miles above it* entrance into
Chesapeake bay. It is 117
miles from Washington, and
343 from New York. Popu-
lation in 1H40, ;JO,1 53. The
city is well situated for com-
merce, being at the head
of tide-water, on the river;
vessers drawing ten feet of water come to Rockets, a mile below the
centre of the city, and those drawing 15 feet to Warwick, 3 miles below.
There are locks around the falls in James river, and above them it is
navigable for boats 220 miles. A canal extends to Lynchburg, a distance
of 116 miles. Manchester is directly opposite to the city, and is con-
nected with it by two bridges. The situation of Richmond is healthy and
highly picturesque. The streets cross each other at right angles, and the
houses are well built. Shockoe and Richmond hills are opposite to each
other, Shockoe ;reek passing between them : the city is spread over these
hills and along the margin of the creek. Shockoe Hill, which is a
favorite place of residence, is an elevated plain ; and near its brow is
Capitol Square, a beautiful public ground. In the centre of this ground
stands the Capitol, in a conspicuous and commanding situation, having a
portico in front, with an entablature supported by lofty Ionic columns.
Within the building, in an open hall, stands a marble statue of Washing"
ton, by Hodoun. The City-hall, fronting the Capitol Square, is an ele-
gant building of the Grecian order of architecture. There are in the city
23 churches, 3 banks, two insurance companies, an armory, a theatre,
a female asylum, a penitentiary, 13 academies, and a free Lancasteriati
school. The city is supplied with water which is elevated by hydraulic
power into three reservoirs containing a million of gallons each, from
which it is distributed in pipes throughout the city. The Medical de-
partment of Hampden Sidney College has a fine building of the Egyptian
order of architecture ; it has a dean and five members of the faculty. St.
Vincent's College, under the control of the Roman Catholics, is about
one mile east of the city. It has a president and about 50 students.
Richmond College, under the direction of the Baptists, is one mile
west of the city. It has a president, 5 professors, and 100 students.
Richmond was founded in 1742, and was made the capital of the state
in 1780. Steamboats leave daily for Hampton Roads, Norfolk, Arc. Cars
arrive from, and depart daily for Washington, (fare $5 ;) for Wilming-
ton, JV. C., (fare $10.50;) 'for Gordonsville, (fare $3.25;) ami for
Raleigh, JV. C. Stages leave 3 times a week f<n- Stauntvn, for IV kite
Sulphur Springs via JLynchburff ; for Milton, JV. C. ; and for Old Point
Comfort ; and twice a week for Rapjiahannock.
NORFOLK is on the right bank of Elizabeth river, eight miles above its
entrance into Hampton Roads, and 106 miles from Richmond. The situa-
tion is low, and the streets are crooked and irregular. It contains a
custom-house, a court-house, a market-house, a theatre, four banks, eight
churches, an academy, a Lancasterian school, an orphan asylum, an
atheneum, and 12,000 inhabitants. PORTSMOUTH is on the left bank of
the river, and immediately opposite to Norfolk. It contains a court-
house, six churches, a bank, and about 7.000 inhabitants. The United
.STATE OF VIRGINIA.
107
States Navy Yard is situated in the part of the town known as Gosport,
where has been constructed a large and costly drydock, and extensive
buildings, workshops, &c., used in the construction of naval architecture.
The Virginia Literary, Scientific, and Military Academy, established ill
1840, has 40 pupils. The United States Naval Hospital is a short dis-
tance from the Navy Yard. The harbor of Norfolk and Portsmouth, the
entrance to which is through Hampton Roads, is one of the best on tho
Atlantic coast. Steamboats leave daily for Richmond, for Washington,
and fur Baltimore. Cars leave daily for Wilmington, JV. C., via
Gareys. Stages leave for Petersburg ; and for Eden ton,, JV. C.
HAMPTON, on the left bank of James river, contains a court-house, four
churches, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Hampton Roads is a safe and
capacious harbor, sufficiently deep for the largest ships of war, and is
amply defended by forts Monroe and Calhoun. The channel leading in
from the Capes of Virginia to Hampton Roads, is reduced at Old Point
Ckrmfort to a very narrow width. The shoal water, under the action of
the sea and the reaction of the bar, is kept in an unremitting ripple ;
which circumstance has given to this place the name of the Rip Raps.
Fort Monroe is an immense fortress, and will mount 335 guns, 130 of
which are under bomb-proof covers ; Fort Calhoun, or the Castle of the
Rip Raps, is directly opposite to Fort Monroe, at a distance of 1,900
yards, and will mount 265 guns, most of which will be under cover. The
beach at Old Point Comfort affords excellent bathing-ground ; this, with a
fine hotel, and other attractions, cause the place to be much resorted to
In the summer months. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for
Baltimore; for Washington; for Richmond, and for Norfolk.
PETERSBURG is situated on the right bank of Appomattox river, twelve
rnileg above its entrance into James river, and 22 miles from Richmond.
Vessels of light draught come up to its docks. The falls of the river here
use, Masonic-hall, two
afford extensive water-power. It
banks, nine churches, eight ^.g
academies, extensive manu-
factories, mills, &c. f and |
about 12,000 inhabitants. Ii '_
exports largely flour and to- \
bacco. Blinford Church, in '-
the vicinity, is one of the most ]
picturesque ruins in the coun-
try. Cars arrive from, and M
depart daily for Wilmington, * ____ __ _______
JV. C. ; for Raleigh ; and for Washington via Richmond. Steamboats
leave daily for Norfolk. Stages leave 3 times a week for TVJiite. Sulphur
Springs via. Jsjinchbnrg, and for Norfolk.
WILLIAMS BURG, the oldest incorporated town in the state, and once
the capital, is finely situated on a level plain, between York and James
rivers. It is 58 miles from Richmond, 68 from Norfolk, and contains 3
108 STATE OF VIRGINIA.
churches, the magazine, the buildings of William and Mary Colleges, the
Easton Lunatic Asylum, two seminaries, and 1,600 inhabitants. In the
square, fronting the College, stands the statue of Lord Bottetourt, one of
the colonial governors. It is much mutilated, though still presenting a
specimen of elegant sculpture.
William and Mary College,
excepting Harvard Universi-
ty, is the oldest literary in-
stitution in the Union. It is
\ distinguished for the very
I large portion of its gradu-
\ ates who have risen to emi-
^? nence ; some of whom have
=r~ held the hig'hpst stations In
the Republic. It was founded in 1692, i the reign of William and Mary,
who granted it a donation of 20,000 acres of land. It has a president and
five professors, 100 students, and 4,000 volumes in its libraries. The com-
mencement is on the fourth of July. There is a law department in this
institution. (See route 285.)
YORKTOWN, on the right bank of York river, 70 miles from Richmond,
was founded in 1705, and was once a flourishing village ; it has now about
40 dwellings, many of which are dilapidated and fast going to decay. It
. is memorable as the place where Lord Cornwallis surrendered his forces to
the combined armies of America and France.
FREDERICKSBTJRG, situated on the rij;ht bank of Rappahannock river,
56 miles from Washington, is regularly laid out, and presents a beautiful
appearance from the heights by which it is surrounded. The falls of the
river afford good water-power : vessels of 140 tons come up to the foot of
the falls. It contains a court-house, two banks, an orphan asylum, five
churches, five academies, and about 4,000 inhabitants. Cars arrive from,
and depart daily for Washington, and for Richmond. Stages leave 3
times a week for Stauntonvia Chariottesville ; twice a week for Winchester,
and for Yorktown.
WARRENTON is a beautiful village 56 miles from Washington. It con-
tains a court-house, three churches, two academies, and 1,400 inhabitants,
The Fauquier White Sulphur Springs are six miles southwest from
Warrenton. The improvements are very extensive, and the grounds
beautifully adorned with shrubbery. The waters are in much repute.
Stages arrive from, and depart 3 times a week (daily in summer) for
Washington, and for Fredericksburg.
CHARLOTTESVILLE is beautifully situated in a fertile valley on the right
bank of Rivanna river, 83 miles from Richmond. It is handsomely built,
and contains four churches, an academy, a female seminary, and about
2,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of the University of Virginia, which was
planned by Mr. Jefferson. The buildings are arranged on three sides of a
grassy parallelogram, at the upper end of which stands a large rotunda
containing the library and lecture-rooms. It has a fine philosophical and
chemical apparatus, a cabinet, an anatomical museum, and an astronomical
observatory. The buildings include ten pavilions for the professors, and
109 dormitories and six hotels for the accommodation of the students.
The institution went into operation hi 1825, and has nine professors, 1,236
alumni, 200 students, and 16,000 volumes in its libraries. The com-
mencement is on the fourth of July. .MonticeUn, formerly the scat df
Thomas Jefferson, is three miles southeast from Charkrttesville. Stages
STATE OF VIRGINIA. 109
*n connection with railroad cars leave daily for Richmond ; stages daily
for Washington, and for White Sulphur Springs ; and 3 times a week for
Fredericks burg and for Lynchburg.
LYNCHBURG is situated on the right bank of James river, 116 miles from
Richmond, on a steep declivity, and is surrounded by bold and beautiful
scenery. It contains two banks, three savings banks, eight churches, 15
classical schools, a library, 30 tobacco manufactories, several extensive
flouring-mills, and about 7,000 inhabitants. It is a great tobacco mart,
and has an extensive mercantile trade. The town is supplied with water
from the James river, raised by hydraulic power into a reservoir capable
of containing 400,000 gallons, elevated 253 feet above the river, from
whence the water is distributed in iron pipes. The James river canal
extends to Richmond, a distance of 147 miles. Stages leave three times a,
week for Ouyandotte via White Sulphur Springs ; for Abingdon ; for
Salisbury, JV*. C., via Danville; and for Richmond and Petersburg.
FARMVILLE, situated on the right bank of the Appomattox river, 75
miles from Richmond, contains three churches, a bank, ten tobacco
factories, and about 1,400 inhabitants. Ten miles southwest is Hampden
Sydney College, founded in 1774, and chartered as a college in 1783. It has
a president, five professors, 70 students, and 8,000 volumes in its libraries.
The commencement is on the fourth Wednesday in September. In the
vicinity of the college is the Union Theological Seminary, founded in
1824. It has three professors, 20 students, 175 graduates, and 4,000
volumes in its libraries. Stages leave Farmville 3 times a week for Rich-
mond; for Charlottesville ; for Lynchburg ; and for Petersburg.
MARTINSBURG, on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, is 20
miles from Harper's Ferry. It contains a court-house, 6 churches, two
academies, and about 1,700 inhabitants. Berkeley Springs, twenty-five
miles from Martinsburg, are much frequented, and are in high repute.
The waters are but slightly impregnated with mineral ingredients.
HARPER'S FERRY is at the junction of the Shenandoah and Potomac rivers,
81 miles from Baltimore and 63 from Washington. The scenery here is
perhaps the most singularly picturesque in America. To attain the ele-
vation from which the view is taken heading our description of the state
of Virginia, (see page 104,) it is necessary to climb the Blue Ridge by a
narrow winding path immediately above the bank of the Potomac. The
junction of the two rivers is immediately beneath the spectator's feet ; and
his delighted eye, resting, first upon the beautiful village of Harper's
Ferry, wanders over the wide and woody plains extending to the Alle-
ghany Mountains. (For a particular and masterly description, see Jeffer-
son's Notes on Virginia.) The village contains a national arsenal and
armory, four churches, an academy, and about 3,000 inhabitants. In the
armory are employed about 250 persons, manufacturing 9,000 stand of
arms annually ; and in the arsenal are stored from 80 to 90,000 stand
of arms. Cars leave daily for Baltimore, for Cumberland, and for
Winchester.
CHARLESTOWN, 8 miles
from Harper's Ferry, con- 1
tains a court-house, a bank, i
an academy, 3 churches, |
and 1 ,500 inhabitants. The |
Shannondale Springs are|
five miles distant from
Charlestown, from which stages run daily. The Springs are upon the
110 STATE OF VIRGINIA.
Shannondale rirer, near the Blue Ridge. The water? contain sulphate
of lime, carbonate of lime, sulphate of magnesia, muriate of magnesia,
muriate of soda, sulphate of iron, carbonate of iron, sulphureted hydrogen,
and carbonic acid. They closely resemble the celebrated Bedford waters
in composition, operation, and efficacy. The scenery in the vicinity of
these springs is varied and picturesque. Cars arrive at Charlestown in 7
hours from Baltimore.
WINCHESTER is situated in a fertile valley, 113 miles from Baltimore and
146 from Richmond. The streets are regularly laid out and the houses hand-
somely built. It has a court-house, lyceum, Masonic-hall, 12 churches,
two banks, a savings institution, an academy, and 3 ; 500 inhabitants. The
place is supplied with water brought from a spring through iron pipes.
Jordan's White Sulphur Springs, 6 miles north from Winchester, have
lately come into notice. The waters are said to resemble the White
Sulphur Springs of Greenbrier. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for
Baltimore. Stages leave 3 times a week for Washington, for the White
Sulphur Springs, and also for Parker sburg.
WOODSTOCK, 62 miles from Harper's Fery, on the north branch of the
Shenandooh river, contains a court-house, an academy, a Masonic-hall, 3
churches, and 1,000 inhabitants. The Orkney or Yellow Springs are
about 18 miles from Woodstock. There are several lively springs, the
waters of which are strongly chalybeate, and have been found beneficial
for several complaints. (See route 268.)
STAUNTON, 207 miles from Baltimore, 162 from Washington, and 120
from Richmond, is on the head waters of the Shenandoah river. It con-
tains a court-house, the Western Lunatic Asylum, the Virginia Institu-
tion for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, two academies, two seminaries,
4 churches, and 2,200 inhabitants. The Augusta Springs are twelve
miles NW. of Staunton. The water is strongly impregnated with
eulphureted hydrogen, and is said to equal the celebrated Harrowgato
waters, England. The accommodations for visitors are ample, and tho
situation is extremely picturesque. The Cyclopean towers, near these
springs, are among the most wonderful curiosities of Virginia. Weir's
Cave is 17 miles NW. of Staunton, in a hill a short distance west of tho
Blue Ridge. "Its dimensions, by the most direct course, are more than
1,600 feet ; and by more winding paths, twice that length ; and its objects
are remarkable for their variety, formation, and beauty. In both respects
it will, I think, compare, without injury to itself, with the celebrated
Grotto of Antiparos." Stages arrive and depart 3 times a week for Bal-
timore via Harper's Ferry; for Washington via CharlottesvUle, and
Fredericksburg : for Richmond, for the White Sulphur Springs, and for
Knoxvifle, via Fincastle, jJbingdon, &rc. (See route 281.)
THE WARM SPRINGS, 57 miles from Staunton, are delightfully situated,
in a narrow and fertile valley, between two mountain ranges. Besides
the county buildings and the elegant hotels, there are but few dwellings.
The waters of the Warm Springs afford the most luxurious bathing in
the world ; they contain neutral salts, and various gases, which act as a
gentle aperient, diuretic and sudorific, and give tone and vigor to the
system. The Hot Springs are five miles from the Warm, in the same
beautiful valley with the latter. The waters of the Hot Springs contain
nitrogen and carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, sulphate of lime, sulphate
of soda, sulphate of magnesia, muriate of soda, silica, and a trace of
oxide of iron. (See route 281.)
STATE OF VIRGINIA.
Ill
THE WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, the most celebrated watering-place of
Virginia, are situated 229 miles from Richmond, on the western declivity of
the Alleghany mountains, in an extensive valley, as picturesque as fancy ever
sketched upon the lap of nature. The spring discharges 18 gallons of
water per minute, at a uniform temperature of 60 of Fahrenheit. It con-
tains sulphate of lime, sulphate of soda, carbonate of magnesia, chloride
of calcium, sulpho-hydrate of sodium, carbonate of lime, chloride of
sodium, per-oxide of iron, organic matter, iodine, sulphate of magnesia,
phosphate of lime, and precipitated sulphur, with the following gases
carbonic acid, sulphureted hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. It is very
efficacious in dyspepsia, liver complaints, jaundice, gout, rheumatism,
diseases of the skin, and various other complaints. The accommodations
for visitors are elegant, and sufficiently extensive for 1,500 persons ; while
the fountain, walks, and grounds are tastefully arranged. The Blue Sulphur
Springs are twenty-two miles west, in a valley surrounded on three sides by
mountains, presenting wild and picturesque scenery. The buildings are
of brick, and sufficient to entertain commodiously 400 persons. The
water is similar to the White Sulphur, and the supply abundant. The
Sweet Springs are situated in a wide and beautiful valley, 18 miles from
the White Sulphur and 29 from Fincastle. The waters contain sulphate
of magnesia, muriate of soda, muriate of lime, sulphate of lime, carbon-
ate of magnesia, carbonate of lime, and silicious earth. About a mile
north of the Sweet Springs is the Red Spring of Alleghany. Tho
waters are said to be peculiarly efficacious in rheumatic complaints. The
Salt Sulphur Springs are twenty-five miles from the White Sulphur, and
three from the village of Union, on Indian Valley creek. There are three
springs viz., the Sweet, the Salt Sulphur, and the New Spring. The
lust contains a large portion of iodine, and is highly beneficial for scrofula,
and those affections for which iodine is given. The two first are some-
what alike in their properties. The Salt Sulphur contains sulphate of
lime, sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of soda, carbonate of lime, carbon-
ate of magnesia, chloride of sodium, chloride of magnesium, chloride
of calcium, iodine, (probably combined with sodium,) sulpho-hydrate of so-
dium and magnesium, sulphur, mingled with a peculiar organic matter,
per-oxide of iron derived from proto-sulphate, sulphureted hydrogen,
nitrogen, oxygen, and carbonic acid. The temperature is 50 Fahren-
heit. The Red Sulphur Springs are situated on Indian creek, 40 miles
from the White Sulphur, 16 miles from the Salt Sulphur. The water is
clear and cool its temperature being 54 Fahrenheit is strongly charged
with sulphureted hydrogen gas, and contains portions of several neutral
salts. Stages leave the White Sulphur Springs three times a week for
Washington via Charlottesville ; for Baltimore via Winchester ; for
Richmond via Lynchburg ; for Guyandotte ; and for Knoxville, Tenn.
LEXINGTON is situated on on elevated bank on the west side of North
112 STATE OF VIRGINIA.
river, a branch of James river, 146 miles from Richmond, and 32 from
Staunton. It contains a neat court-house, 4 churches, the buildings of
Washington College, and the Military Institution, a classical school, the
Ann Smith Female Academy, and 1,200 inhabitants. Washington Col-
lege, endowed in 1796 by the immortal Washington, and founded in 1812,
has a president and five professors, or other instructors, 126 alumni, 136
students, and 2,700 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on
the last Thursday in June. The Virginia Military Institute, on the plan
of the school at West Point, has 3 professors and 60 cadets. Fourteen
miles southeasterly from Lexington is the NATURAL BRIDGE, a curiosity
of surpassing grandeur. The mean height of the bridge from the stream
to its upper surface is 215 ft ; its average width is 80 ft., its length 93 ft.
thickness of the arch 55 ft span of the arch 90 ft. (See route 299.)
FINCASTLE, pleasantly situated on the southeast declivity of Catawba
valley, 175 miles from Richmond, contains a court-house, two academies,
4 churches, and 700 inhabitants. The Bottetourt Springs, twelve miles
from Fincastle, are much frequented, and the improvements are sufficient
to accommodate a large number of visitors. The waters contain sulphur,
magnesia, carbonic acid gas, &c. Daggers' 1 Springs are 18 miles from
Fincastle. The most active mineral ingredients in the water are carbona-
ted alkalies. There are good accommodations for visitors, and the neigh-
borhood abounds in picturesque scenery. Stages leave Fincastle 3 times
weekly for Lynctiburg ; for Winchester ; for Guyandotte via White Sul-
phur Springs ; and for Union via Sweet Springs.
WYTHEVILLE, 252 miles from Richmond, contains four churches and
about 700 inhabitants. Grayson Sulphur Springs, 20 miles from Wythe-
ville, are situated on the bank of New river, surrounded by scenery of a
remarkably wild and picturesque character. The waters contain carbon-
ate of soda, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of lime, sulphate of lime,
sulphate of magnesia, chloride of sodium, chloride of calcium, chloride
of magnesium, sulphate of soda, &c. (See route 303.)
ABINGDON, situated between the forks of Holston river, 8 miles north
of the Tennessee line, is the most considerable and flourishing town in
SW. Virginia. Here are a court-house, two academies, four churches,
several manufacturing establishments, and about 1,200 inhabitants.
Emory and Henry College, founded in 1838, by the Methodist Episcopal
Church, is ten miles from the village It has a president, two professors,
one tutor, 125 students, and 2,800 volumes in its libraries. The com-
mencement is on the last Wednesday in June. The Chilhowee Sulphur
Springs are within 18 miles of Abingdon. Stages leave Abingdon
3 times a week for Lynchburg,for Winchester, and for Knoxville, Tenn.
ESTILLVILLE, situated near the Clinch river, is a small village oi
about 60 dwellings, one church, and a court-house. Four miles from it
are the Holston Springs, the waters of which possess highly medicinal
properties, and are very similar to the White Sulphur. The uniform
temperature of the water is 68, which renders it a natural medicated
bath of the most agreeable degree of heat. The Natural Tunnel is twelve
miles west from the village. The passage through the mountain is about
450 feet in length. A stream of water passes through it and a stage-road
over it. The entrance on the upper side of the ridge is in a high degree
imposing and picturesque ; but on the lower side the grandeur of the
scene is greatly heightened by the superior magnitude of the cliffs, which
rise perpendicularly more than 300 feet. Stages leave 3 times a week for
the White Sulphur Springs, and for Cumberland Gap, Tenn.
STATE OF VIRGINIA.
113
WELLSBURO, on the left bank of the Ohio river, 87 miles from Pitta-
burg, contains a court-house, 5 churches, 2 academies, a bank, several
extensive factories, and '2,000 inhabitants. Bethany is eight miles east
from Wellsburg. It has a few dwellings and the buildings of Bethany
College. This institution has a president, 4 professors, and 100 students.
WHEELING is situated on the left bank of Ohio river, at the mouth of
Wheeling creek, 104 miles below Pittsburg by the river, and is surrounded
by bold and precipitous hills, containing vast quantities of bituminous
coal. It contains a handsome court-house, two academies, two banks
and a savings institution, 12 churches, a theatre, the Wheeling Institute,
a Masonic-hall, a large number of mills and factories, and 8,000 inhabi-
tants. The city is well supplied with water, raised from the Ohio river.
Steamboats leave daily for Cincinnati, frc. (See route 620.) Stages in
connection with railroad cars leave daily for Baltimore, (fare $11,)
Stages arrive from, and depart datfs for Pittsbiirg ; for Cincinnati ; for
Maysville, Ky, ; and also for St ^uis, via Columbus, Ohio, Indianapo
Us, la., and Terre- Haute; three times a week for Jlshtabula ; for Cleve-
land ; for Sandusky ; and twice a week for Marietta, Ohio.
ELIZABETH, 12 miles below Wheeling, on the left bank of the Ohio
river, contains a court-house and a few dwellings. Here, scattered over
a large plain, are very extensive ancient tumuli, consisting of one main
mound 116 feet high and 400 yards in circumference, surrounded by a
ditch, and encompassed by other similar but smaller mounds.
PARKKRSBURO is situated on the north side of Little Kanawha river, nt
its junction with Ohio river, 209 miles, by the river, below Pittsburg. It
has" a court-house, a bank, 4 churches, and about 1,200 inhabitants, and is
a flourishing village. Two miles beJow, in the Ohio, is Blannerhassefg
Island, a beautifully wooded spot, celebrated as the residence of Mr.
Blannerhasset. Stages leave 3 times a week for Baltimore, via Winchester.
POINT PLEASANT is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, at the
mouth of Great Kanawha river, 296 miles below Pittsburg by the course
of the river. It is on the site of one of the bloodiest battles ever fought
with the Indians in Virginia, which took place Oct. 10th, 1774. The
village contains a court-house, two churches, and about 500 inhabitants.
Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Pittsburg and for Cin-
cinnati. Stages three times a week for the White Sulphur Springs, Src.
GUYANDOTTE lies on the left bank of the Ohio river, at the entrance of
Guyandotte river, 337 miles below Pittsburg. It is the most important
point of steamboat embarkation and debarkation in Western Virginia,
with the exception of Wheeling, and is rapidly growing in importance in
this respect. It contains a church and about 800 inhabitants. Stages
lea.ve 3 times a week for Richmond, for Washington, and for Baltimore
via the White Sulphur Springs.
114
STATE OF OHIO.
OHIO lies between lat. 38 30' N. and 42 N., and
between 80 35' and 84 47' W. Ion. It is 210 miles
long from north to south, and 200 miles broad; con-
taining 40,000 square miles. The population in 1840,
was 1,519,467, making it the third in population in the
United Slates.
The land in the interior of the state, and bordering
on Lake Erie, is generally level, and in some places
marshy. From one-quarter to one-third of the state,
comprehending the eastern and southeastern parts, bordering on the Ohio
river, is generally hilly and broken, but in no part mountainous. On the
margin of the Ohio river, and several of its tributaries, are alluvial lands
of great fertility. The valleys of the Scioto and the Great and Little
Miami, are the most extensive sections of level, rich, and fertile lands in
the state. At the head of the Muskingum river are prairies of considera-
ble extent, some of which are wet, though generally dry and fertile. The
height of land which divides the waters which fall into the Ohio from
those which fall into Lake Erie, is the most marshy of any in the state;
while the land on the margin of the rivers is generally dry. Wheat may
be regarded as the staple production of the state, though Indian corn and
other grains are largely cultivated.
The Ohio river, which gives name to the state, washes its entire southern
border. This river is 1,004 miles long, from Pittsburg to its mouth,
by its various windings, though it is only 614 in a direct line. Its cur-
rent is gentle, with no falls excepting at Louisville, Kentucky, where
there is a descent of 22 i feet in two miles, (which is obviated by a canal.)
For about half the year it is navigable for steamboats of a large class
through its whole course. The Muskingum, the largest river which flows
entirely in this state, is formed by the junction of the Tuscarawas and
Wai bonding rivers, and enters the Ohio at Marietta. It is navigable for
boats 100 miles. The Scioto, the second river in magnitude, flowing en-
tirely within the state, is about 200 miles long, and enters the Ohio at
Portsmouth. Its largest branch is the Whetstone, or Olentangy, which
joins it immediately above Columbus ; it is navigable for boats 130 miles.
The Great Miami, a rapid river in the western part of the state, is 100
miles long, and enters the Ohio in the SW. corner of the state. The
Little Miami has a course of 70 miles, and enters the Ohio seven miles
above Cincinnati. The Maumee, 100 miles long, rises in Indiana, runs
through the northwest part of the state, and enters Lake Erie at Maumee
bay. It is navigable for steamboats to Perrysburg, 18 miles from the lake,
and above the rapids is beatable for a considerable distance. The San-
dusky rises in the northern part of the state, and after a course of about
80 miles, enters Sandusky bay, and thence into Lake Erie. The Cuyahoga
STATE OF OHIO. 115
rises in the north part of the state, and, after a curved course of 60 miles,
enters Lake Erie at Cleveland. It has a number of falls which furnish
valuable mill-seats. Besides these, there are Huron, Vermilion, Black,
Grand, and Ashtabula rivers, which fall into Lake Erie.
The governor is elected by the people for two years. The senators are
chosen biennially, and are apportioned according to the number of
male white inhabitants over 21 years of age. The number can never
be less than one-third, nor more than one-half the number of the repre-
sentatives. The representatives are apportioned among the counties
according to the number of inhabitants over 21 years of age, and there
can never be more than 72 nor less than 36. The judges of the Supreme
Court and other courts are elected by the joint-ballot of the legislature,
for the term of seven years. The right of suffrage is enjoyed by 11 white
male citizens over 21 years of age, who have resided in the state one
year next preceding the election, and who have paid or been assessed
with a state or county tax.
Literary Institutions : The University of Ohio, at Athens ; the Miami
University, at Oxford ; Franklin College, at New Athens ; the Western
Reserve College, at Hudson; Granville College, at Granville; Oberlin
Collegiate Institute, at Oberlin ; Cincinnati College, at Cincinnati ; Kenyon
College, at Gambler ; Marietta College, at Marietta ; Willoughly Uni-
versity, at Willoughly ; Lane Theological Seminary, at Cincinnati.
There are also theological departments in Kenyon, Western Reserve,
and Granville colleges, and in the Oberlin Institute ; a Lutheran Theologi-
cal School at Columbus ; two medical and one law school at Cincinnati.
There are in the state 75 academies and 5,200 common schools.
The first permanent settlement in Ohio was made in 1788, at Marietta.
In 1802 Ohio was admitted into the Union.
CINCIN
nkof
state, is situated on the right
the Ohio river, 455 miles below Pittsburg, and 1,548 above New Orleans.
It is the largest city of the west, north of New Orleans, and the sixth
in population in the United States. Population in 1840, 46,338; in
1845,
The city is near the eastern extremity of a valley of about 12 miles in
circumference, surrounded by beautiful hills which rise to the height of
300 feet by gentle slopes, which are mostly covered by trees. It is built on two
table-lands, the one from 40 to 60 feet higher than the other. The upper
plain of Cincinnati is 25 feet below the level of Lake Erie. The shore at
the landing-place is paved to low-water mark, and supplied with floating
wharves adapted to the great rise and fall of water in the river. The
central part of the city is compactly and finely built with spacious ware-
houses, stores, and dwellings, generally of brick. Many of the streets are
well paved and extensively planted with shade -trees. The climate is
variable, but is considered healthy.
Cincinnati contains many literary and charitable institutions. The
116 STATE OF OHIO.
Cincinnati College, founded in 1819, has fine grounds and a valuable
building in the centre of the city. It has a president, 7 professors or
other instructors, and 160 students. The commencement is on the last
Monday in June. Woodward College has a president, five professors or
other instructors, 20 students, and 800 volumes in its libraries. St. Xavier
College, founded in 1840, under the direction of the Roman Catholics,
has a president and other instructors, about 100 students, and from 4 to
5,000 volumes in its libraries. Lane Seminary, a Presbyterian Theological
Institution, opened in 1833, and located at Walnut Hills, two miles from
the city, has 3 professors, 62 students, and 10,300 volumes in its libraries.
Its anniversary is on the second Wednesday in June. The Medical Col-
lege of Ohio, chartered and placed under a board of trustees in 1825, has
large and commodious buildings, with lecture-rooms, &c. It has seven
professors, and over 2,000 volumes in its libraries. Its apparatus in
anatomy, comparative anatomy, surgery, chemistry, and materia medica,
is very complete. The lectures commence on the first Monday in Novem-
ber, annually. Its students, who number 130, have access to the Com-
mercial Hospital to witness operations and the treatment of patients by
the faculty. The Cincinnati Law-school is connected with the Cincinnati
College, and has 3 professors and 25 students. The Mechanics' Institute
was chartered in 1828 for the Instruction of Mechanics, by lectures, &c.,
in the Arts and Sciences. It has a valuable philosophical and chemical
apparatus, a library, and a reading-room. The Hall of the Institute is
situated on Third-street, and contains an ample number of rooms, one of
which is devoted to the Western Academy of Natural Sciences. An
annual fair for encouraging Arts and Manufactures is held in another of
the rooms, commencing on the third Monday in June. The common or
free schools are of a high order ; nine of them have buildings three stories
high, with various apparatus, 60 teachers, and about 4,000 scholars. A
college of teachers was established in 1821, for advancing the interests of
schools in the Mississippi valley. The Young Men's Mercantile Library
Association has a library of 1,400 volumes and a reading-room. The
Apprentices' Library, founded in 1821, contains 2,200 volumes.
The charitable institutions of the city are highly respectable. There
are two Roman Catholic asylums, and the Cincinnati Orphan Asylum.
The Commercial Hospital and Lunatic Asylum of Ohio, incorporated in
3821, has accommodations for 250 persons ; a part of the establishment is
appropriated as a poorhouse.
There are 40 churches, a court-house, 4 markets, a United States Land-
office, a theatre, and a museum. The city is supplied with water raised
from the Ohio river by steam-power. A large water-power is obtained
by the surplus water of the Miami canal, and manufacturing is carried on
extensively. By means of canals, railroads, and macadamized turnpikes,
Cincinnati enjoys great facilities for internal communication. The Miami
;anal extends to, and unites with the Wabnsh and Erie canal. The
iVhitewater canal extends to Cambridge, 70 miles.
Cincinnati was founded in 1789, and chartered as a city in 1819.
Steamboats leave daily for Pittsburg ; for St. Louis ; for New Orleans,
and the intermediate places. Cars leave daily for Springfield, connecting
with lines of stages for Columbus, Zanesville, Wheeling ; for Cleveland,
ind for Sandusky city. Stages leave daily for Dayton ; for Si. Louis
via Indianapolis ; 3 times a week for Chillicothe, and for Lancaster .
twice a week for Nashville via Lexington; and also for Knozm'.le
Tcnn. Fare to New Orleans, from $12 to 20. (See route 620.)
STATE OF OHIO. 117
COLUMBUS, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of
Scioto river, immediately below the junction of Olentangy or Whetstone
river, 142 miles from Cleveland, and 127 from Cincinnati. It is regularly
laid out, with streets crossing each other at right angles. In the centre of
the city is a public square of 10 acres, handsomely enclosed. A bridge
across Scioto river connects it with Franklinton.
Upon the southwest corner of the public square stands the State House.
fronting the west, a brick edifice with two elevated stories, 75 feet long
by 50 wide, with a handsome cupola, the top of the spire of which is ele-
vated 106 feet above the ground, and from the balcony of which a beauti-
ful view is presented of the city, the winding Scioto, and of the surround-
ing country. It contains a Representatives' Hall on the lower floor, and
a Senate-chamber immediately above. Near it stands a building for the
public officers of the state. The State Penitentiary is an elegant and sub-
stantial edifice, half a mile north of Broad-street. The Asylum for the
Deaf and Dumb stands half a mile east of the State-house. The Stato
Lunatic Asylum is on Broad-street, east of the State-house. The Institu-
tion for the Blind is situated near the asylums. The Theological Semi-
nary of the German Lutherans is on elevated ground, three-fourths of a
mile south of the State-house.
Columbus has 12 churches, many of which are very elegant buildings.
A canal eleven miles long connects it with the Ohio canal at Lockbourne.
Columbus was incorporated as a city in 1834. Stages leave daily for
Wheeling, Va. ; for Cincinnati, and for Portsmouth ; three times a week
for Cleveland; and for Sandusky City.
ZANESVILLE is beautifully situated on the left bank of Muskingum
river, opposite the mouth of Licking river, 73 miles from Wheeling.
The National road runs through it, and crosses the Muskingum by a fine
bridge. The village contains an elegant court-house, a market- house, two
academies, an atheneum with a reading-room, a cabinet of minerals, and
a library of 9,000 volumes, a juvenile lyceum with a reading-room and
library, a bank, 9 churches, several extensive flouring-mills and iron works,
and 4,766 inhabitants including the suburbs, 7,000. From this place the
Muskingum, by dams and locks, has been made navigable to its mouth
on the Ohio. The site of the town wxs granted to Ebenezer Zane, by
Congress, as a reward for opening a bridle track from Wheeling to Mays-
ville. The village was laid out and the first cabin built in 1799. Stages
leave daily for Maysville, Ky. ; for Cincinnati, and for Wheeling ; three .
times a week for Marietta, and for Cleveland, via Massillon. ,
CAMBRIDGE is situated on the east side of Wills creek, a branch of the
Muskingum river, over which is a fine bridge. It contains a court-house,
an academy, 4 churches, and 2,000 inhabitants. (See route 275.)
ST. CLAIRSVILLE occupies an elevated situation on the National road,
lltt miles from Cincinnati, and 11 from Wheeling, and contains six
churches, a court-house, a bank, an academy, and 2,000 inhabitants.
Staff cs pass daily from Wheeling and from Columbus.
MARIETTA, named in honor of the unfortunate Maria Antoinette, is
pleasantly situated on the Muskingum river, at its entrance into Ohio
river, 196 miles below Pittsburg. Population 875. It is neatly built and
contains a court-house, a United States Land-office, 5 churches, a bank, a
lyceum, a female academy, a public library, and the Marietta Collegiato
Institute, founded in 1832. The Institute has 7 professors or other in-
structors, 50 students, and 3,500 volumes in its libraries. Manual labor is
connected with it. The commencement is on the last Wednesday in
118 STATE OF OHIO.
July. Steamboats pass daily from Pittsburg, Cincinnati, <$<;., <-c.
Stages leave three times a week for Zancsville, and twice a week for
Wheeling, Va.
ATHENS is prettily situated on the left bank of the Hocking river, 73
miles from Columbus, and
1 : ~ ipfc '__ contains a court-house, 3
g_ churches, the buildings of
It the Ohio University, an acad-
|emy, and 800 inhabitants.
\The Ohio University was
^founded in 1819, and en-
owed with two townships
_ 'of land. It has 8 professors,
r !49 alumni, 166 students,
and 2,500 volumes in. its libraries. The commencement is on the first
Wednesday in August. Stages leave 3 times a week for Columbus via
Lancaster.
GALLIPOLIS has a plensant situation on the right bank of Ohio river,
on elevated ground, 300 miles, by river, from Pittsburg. It contains a
court-house, two churches, a bank, an academy, and about 600 inhabi-
tants. An ancient mound lies near the village. Steamboats pass daily
from Pittsburg and Cincinnati.
CIRCLEVILLE lies on the left bank of Scioto river, 97 miles from Cin-
.cinnati. The village contains an elegant court-house, 6 public offices, 5
churches, a bank, an academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The Ohio
canal passes through the place, and crosses the river in a fine aqueduct,
and there is here an extensive water-power. Within the limits of the
town are two mounds or tumuli, one of which is square, and the other
of a circular form ; from the latter the place derives its name.
CHILLICOTHE, once the capital of the state, is handsomely situated on
the right bank of Scioto river, 98 miles from Cincinnati. The village is
built between Paint creek on the south and the Scioto on the north, the
streams being three-fourths of a mile apart. It has a court-house, two
markets, a United States Land-office, a bank, 4 churches, two academies,
and 4,000 inhabitants. The Ohio canal passes through it. Near the
village is a hill from which a fine view is obtained. In the vicinity, on
Paint creek, and even on what is now occupied by the town, formerly
stood several ancient tumuli, or mounds. Stages pass through daily
for Zanesville ; for Columbus ; for Portsmouth ; and for Maysville, Ky.
PORTSMOUTH is situated on the right bank of the Ohio river, at the en-
trance of the Scioto river, 105 miles above Cincinnati. The Ohio canal,
which connects Lake Erie with the Ohio river, terminates at this place.
The village contains a court-house, 5 churches, a bank, and about 2,000
inhabitants. Here are a number of mills and manufactories. Iron ore
and coal abound in the vicinity. The town is supplied with water from
the Ohio river, raised by steam-power. Steamboats pass daily for Wheel-
ing, Pittsburg, Sec., and for Cincinnati. Stages leave daily for Columbus.
STEUBENVILLE is situated on the west bank of the Ohio river, 80 miles
below Pittsburg, by the river, and is regularly laid out. It contains a
court-house, an elegant town-house, a bank, two academies, 6 churches,
several extensive manufacturing establishments, and 3.500 inhabitants.
Stages leave daily for Pittsburg ; three times a week for Washington,
Pa. ; for Cambridge ; and for Canton ; and twice a week for Dover
<3ee route 620.)
STATE OF OHIO. 119
NEW LISBON, situated on a branch of Little Beaver river, 59 miles from
Pittsburg, contains a court-house, a bank, 6 churches, several manufac-
tories, and about 2,000 inhabitants.
PAINESVILLE is situated on elevated ground, on the left bank of Grand
river, three miles from Lake Erie and 29 from Cleveland. It has a court-
house, 4 churches, an academy, a bank, and 1,500 inhabitants. Fairport,
two miles north, is near the mouth of Grand river where there is a good
harbor. WILLOUGHBY, 11 miles southwest from Painesville, contains the
Willoughby Medical College, two churches, and 700 inhabitants. Tlio
College, chartered in 1834, has 9 professors and 126 students. The
lectures commence on the last Monday in October. Stages leave Paines-
ville daily for Buffalo via Erie ; and for Cleveland.
CLEVELAND is situated on an elevated plain at the entrance of Cuyahoga
river into Lake Erie,
195 miles from Buf-
falo. Its harbor is ?
one of the best on i
the lake, spacious |
and safe. The city f
is regularly laid out, |
and near its centre ^
is a large public -
square. The bluff on which it is built is 80 feet above the level of the
lake, from which an extensive and beautiful view is obtained, overlook-
ing the meanderings of the Cuyahoga, the shipping in the harbor, and the
passing vessels on the lake. The city contains a court-house, a bank, a
lyceum, a reading-room, five academies, twelve churches, and about
9,000 inhabitants. The Ohio canal terminates here. The Medical De-
partment of the Western Reserve College, founded in 1844, has seven
professors and 11 1 students. The lectures commence on the first Wednes-
day in November. The Western Reserve College is at Hudson, 24 miles
southeast from Cleveland. The village contains several churches and
about 1,000 inhabitants. The College, founded in 1826, has a president,
5 professors, 82 alumni, 62 students, 6,500 volumes in its libraries, and an
extensive philosophical apparatus. The commencement is on the second
Wednesday in August. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for
Buffalo ; and for Detroit, fyc. Stages leave daily for Buffalo via Erie,
Pa. ; for Toledo via Sandusky ; and for Pittsburg, Pa. ; three times
a week for Zancsville via Akron, Massillon, &c. Canal boats leave daily
for Portsmouth and the intermediate places. (For route see canals in Ohio. )
AKRON is situated on the Ohio canal, 38 miles from Cleveland. The
canal, by a succession of locks, rises to the Portage summit. From the
waste water of the canal, and from the Little Cuyahoga, an immense
water power has been created. The village contains a court-house, five
churches, an academy, several extensive manufacturing establishments,
and 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Cleveland.
CUYAHOGA FALLS is on the Cuyahoga river, five miles from Akron.
The river here passes through a deep channel in the rocks, and by succes.
give cascades falls in a short distance 240 feet, causin? an immense water-
power, which has been made extensively available. The village has four
churches, a lyceum, an academy, and about. 1,000 inhabitants.
MAssit.r.oN. situated on the left bank of the Tuscarawas river, and
on tiie Ohio canal, contains a bank, three chutches, and about 1,500
inhabitants.
120 STATE OF OHIO.
COSHOCTON is situated on the left bank of the Muskingum river, and
contains 3 churches, a court-house, and about 500 inhabitants.
NEWARK, 39 miles from Columbus, is on the Ohio canal. It has a
court-house, two academies, 9 churches, and about 3,000 inhabitants.
Granville, 7 miles from Newark, contains 5 churches, 3 seminaries, and
about 1,000 inhabitants. Granville College, one mile east of the village,
was founded in 1832, and has a president, 4 professors, 25 students, and
3,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the 2d Wednesday
in August. Stages leave for Zanesville via Newark 3 times a week.
MT. VERNON, situated on Owl creek, a branch of Muskingum river, 51
miles from Columbus, con-
tains a court-house, ten
; churches, several manu-
facturing establishments,
t and two thousand rive hun-
' dred inhabitants. Gam-
l bier, five miles from Mt.
_| Vernon, is the seat of
JKenyon College, founded in 1826, (under the direction of the Episco-
palians,) which has a president, 7 professors, 115 alumni, 57 students,
and 8,750 volumes in its libraries. The village contains 2 churches, an
academy, and 300 inhabitants. Stages leave Mt. Vernon 3 times a week
for Cleveland ; and also for Columbus.
WOOSTER, situated on Killbuck creek, 93 miles from Columbus, con.
tains a court-house, a United States Land-office, 7 churches, a bank, an
academy, and 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Pitts-
burg, Pa. ; for Cleveland ; for Sandusfcy City ; for Cincinnati via Colum*
bus; and for Zanesville.
ELYRIA, 116 miles north from Columbus, and 24 west from Cleveland, is
pleasantly situated on a plain between the two branches of Black river,
which unite half a mile below the village, and each of which has a
perpendicular fall of about 40 feet on opposite sides of the village, af-
fording extensive water-power. It contains a court-house, two churches,
an academy, several manufactories, and 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave
daily for Cleveland, and for Toledo.
Oberlin, 8 miles from Elyria, is the seat of Oberlin Collegiate Institute,
which embraces a male and female department, both on the manual-
labor system. It was founded in 1834, and has a president, 9 professors
or other instructors, and 70 students. Stages arrive from, and depart for
Elyria daily.
MANSFIELD is 63 miles from Columbus and 69 from Sandusky. It is
prettily situated on elevated ground, and has a court-house, 6 churches, an
academy, and 1,800 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for
Sandusky. Stages leave 3 times a week for Columbus; for Wooster;
and for Bucyrus.
SANDUSKY CITY is situated on the south side of Sandusky bay, 3 miles
distant from Lake Erie, and 57 miles from Cleveland. During the sum-
mer months it is enlivened by the commerce and travel of the lakes, giving
it a bustling appearance. It is a rapidly improving town, and contains five
fine churches, an academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Immense
quantities of superior building-stone are quarried here. Cars leave daily
for Cincinnati via Springfield, <-c. ; and also for Mansfield. Stages
leave for Cleveland and for Toledo; 3 times a week for Wooster.
TOLEDO is situated on the left bank of Maumee river, near its entrance
STATE OF OHIO. 121
into Maumee bay, 130 miles from Cleveland. The village contains be-
tween two and three thousand inhabitants, and since the completion of
the Wabash and Erie canal, it is rapidly growing into importance. A
great number of steamboats, canal boats, and vessels on the lake are
constantly arriving here and departing. Cars arrive from, and de-
part daily for Hillsdale, Mich., via Adrian. Stages leave for Cleveland,
and canal packets for La Fayette, la. ; and also for Cincinnati.
MAUMKE CITY, on the left bank of Maumee river, contains a court-
house, 5 churches, and 1,200 inhabitants. The water-power is inexhausti-
ble, and already gives motion to several mills and manufactories. Perry s-
burg, nearly opposite to Maumee City, contains a court-house, five
churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. (See route 307.)
BKLLEFONTAINE (named from the fine springs of limestone water with
which it is supplied) is 118 miles north of Cincinnati. It has a court-
house, several churches, an academy, and 800 inhabitants. Stages leave
daily for Cincinnati; and for Sandusky City.
SPRINGFIELD, situated on the left bank of Mad river, 85 miles from
Cincinnati, has a court-house, several churches, two academies, several
extensive mills and manufactories, and 2,500 inhabitants. Cars arrive
from, and depart daily for Cincinnati : stages doily for Wheeling, Va. ;
for Cleveland ; for Sandusky City ; and for Indianapolis.
YELLOW SPRINGS is 9 miles S. from Springfield. It is much resorted to
as a watering-place, having a commodious hotel and numerous cottages,
spread over green lawns and amidst delightful groves. The waters are
strongly impregnated with sulphur, and possess valuable medicinal prop-
erties.
XENIA is pleasantly situated on a branch of Little Miami river, and
contains a court-house, 8 churches, and about 1,400 inhabitants. Cars
arrive from, and depart daily for Cincinnati ; stages for Columbus ; and
also for Sandusky City ; three times a week for the Yellow Springs.
SIDNEY is situated on the west branch of the Great Miami river, 106
miles from Cincinnati, and contains a court-house, 6 churches, an
academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Cincinnati.
DAYTON is situated on the left bank of Great Miami river, just below
its junction with Mad river, 52 miles from Cincinnati. It is regularly laid
out, with spacious streets. The city contains a court-house and county
offices, a banking-house, a market-house, two academies, a female semi-
nary, 12 churches, and about 9,000 inhabitants. There are a number of
extensive mills and factories. The Miami canal passes through the
place. Stages leave daily for Cincinnati, for Columbus, for Indianapolis,
la., and for Sydney.
HAMILTON, situated on the left bank of Great Miami river, 23 miles
from Cincinnati, has a court-house, 5 churches, a bank, a female seminary,
and 1,800 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Cincinnati and for
Dayton.
OXFORD, 12 miles from Hamilton, is situated on a branch of Great
Miami river. The village contains the building of Miami University,
several churches, an academy, and about 800 inhabitants. The University
was founded in 1809, and endowed by the Congress of the United States
with 3G square miles of land ; it now yields an annual income of $4,500,
and is constantly increasing. This institution has a president, 5 pro-
fessors, 309 alumni, 105 students, and 4,500 volumes in ite libraries. Stages
leave 3 times a week for Cincinnati; and for Indianapolis.
6
RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES,
THROUGH
THE CENTRAL STATES.
(206) F'M N.YORK TO
PHILADELPHIA,
Via Newark <$- Tren
ton, JV. J.
Steamboat.
To Jersey City . . .
JV. Jersey RR.
NEWARK
Elizabethtown . . .
Rahway
Metuchin
NEW BRUNSWICK!
Trenton JV. Bruns-\
trick Railroad.
Kingston 14145
Princeton depot.. 4 49
TRENTON 10| 59
Philadelphia $ Trenton
Railroad.
Morris ($- Essex
Railroad.
Orange
Chatham
Madison
MORRISTOUX
tStase.
Suckasunny
Stanhope
14 Andover
19 Newton
27 Augusta
31, Branchville
s-l Sandystown
i MILFORD
I'ljebanon
Clinton
13 Terry ville
24 iBIoomsbury
4?
2 2<-: F.ASTON..
(210i)F*M NEWARK TO
DOVER.
ToBloomrield....
?i \V. Bloomtield...
,', Ca Id well
: Pine Brook
?: Pnrsippany
A.1 DOVER
Morrisville, Pa. ..! II ..
Bristol... 9 69 Mendham
Steamboat. [Chester
PHILADELPHIA...^! 88 Schooley's Mi
F'VL N. YORK TO ',
EASTON, Pa.
i Newark, JV. J.
To Morristown I I
(see No. 208)... I (31
(211) F'M NEW BRUNS-
WICK TO L'o BRANCH.
To South River ..I I 5
'Spotswood 5 10
Middietown Point 9 19
Middletown 5 24
Leedsville 5 29
Red Bank 3 33
a -S.
dentotcn,
- JSor-
* r -, . rj txeu IJHIIK o aa
^sMo^Y Shrewsbury | 34
u - n * g 1 49 i LONG BRANCH... 51 39
wfiSd^ roVe *" 7 S C212) F'MXKwBRUNS-
JV. J.
,New Village
i EASTON
Eli/uUethport
Amboy
S. Amboy
Camden b rfmboy RR.
Spots wood ]10
Hightstown
Sand Hills
Bordentown
BURLINGTON ...
Camden
Steamboat.
PHILADELPHIA... 1 90
C208) F'M N. YORKTO
MILFORD, Pa.
ria Newark, N. J.
To Jersey City ...I
WICK TO EASTON, Pa.
Via Somerville.
|;To Bound Brook.
(210) F'M N. YORKTO JSOMERVILLE
City ...I I 1
RR.
'8 9
EASTON, Pa.
Via Elizabethtown and \
Somervilte, JV. J.
JVeio Jersey RR.
4 10
KASTON
(see No. 2wv . . . 100, 10
(213) F'M TRENTON TO
LONG BRANCH.
To Newark I j 9 To Yard ville . . .
Elizabethtown ...I 51 14 u| jjS w ^"
FJ-itabfthport <$ Somer-' ( Cranberry...*
ville Railroad. ^, 1ir ] ishtowii . . . .
\Vesttield ! 7 21 Freehold
Plainrield
.......
s .... 3 24 Colt's Neok ....
3 27 Batootown .....
3 30 LONG BRANCH
Stage.
North Branch..
Whilehouse....
MANSFIELD.
4 41 To Pennington...!
a 46.. \Voodsville 1 1
ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA.
123
6
6
12
5
5
^D
VO
11
17
12
H
5
S.D
IB
6
9
10
19
14
7
IE
D,
I.
9
3
I
9
23
IE
I>
{.
Ill
8
10
25
37
42
47
JL-
N.
1
12
29
41
49
54
GL-
E.
7
16
26
45
59
66
L'A
1
10
13
18
f.3
62
85
L'A
1
try
9
Camden <$ Woodbury
Railroad.
Woodbury 8 Q
READING |
8
10
6
4
7
4
5
13
12
5
12
1
IE
V
m
\
12
4
10
10
4
Im
15
'
tin
5
5
8
7
9
IK
u
r.
ac
3
5
2
3
H
1
5
3
2
f
5rt
6t>
72
76
83
87
92
1(15
117
122
134
135
L'A
]h-
tl-
135
147
151
161
171
175
ira
190
206
215
irff
233
240
213
2oo
L'A
.
4
11
14
19
21
24
30
34
36
41
46
49
i
54
f,l ** " " *
Clinton...
Hamburg
Tunnel.... 1500 ft.
!*ort Clinton
,andringsville ...
Schuylkill Haven
POTTSVILLE
StdffC.
Fountain Spring..
Bear Gap
Sfarksville
ANSFIELD
(215) FR'M PHILJ
PHIA TO TUCKER
ToCamden,N. J.
Evesham
Stage.
Clarksboro'
Swedesboro*
Sharpstown
1
I
ID
11;
ilh
2
5
2
3
8
3
6
3
4
6
4
8
3
8
12
H
10
1
4
9
6
I
11
4
4
7
12
13
19
26
35
EL-
LM-
cs-
4
if
13
16
1
40
46
50
58
61
65
72
80
92
RK)
110
111
115
124
130
149
153
157
164
176
183
190
L'A
i>i
ad-
iff,
6
8
14
17
(220) FR'M PHILJ
PHIA TO BlNG
TON, N. Y.,
Via Easton $ W
barre.
To Rising Sun ...
Miles tow 11
Sooy's Inn
Bass River Hotel.
TUCKERTON
(216) FR'M PHILJ
PHLATO ABSECOJ
To Camden. N.J.
Haddonrield
Long-a-Coming..
Winslow
May's Landing ..
Burgaintown
Shamokiii
Sunbtiry
NORTHUMBERL'D
(222) F'M PHILAI
TO CORNING, N.
Via Reading, J\
umbertand, anc
liamsport.
To Northumber-
land
Milton
\ l>i iijzton
Willow Grove...
Horsham
Doylestown
Danboro'
Ottsville
Absecombe
(217) F'M PHILAI
TO CAPE ISLAJ
Via Tuckaho
To Camden, N. J.
Chew's Landing .
Good Intent
Cross Keys
Monroe
Raubsville
EASTON .
McEwensville
Muncy
Montouresville ...
WlLHAMSPORT..
Williamsp't <S- E
Railroad.
Trout Run
Staee.
fe^erty
Nazareth
.liu'obsburg. . .
Wind Gap
Sbafer's
Mt. Pocono
Stoddartsville
Tuckahoe
Dennis' Creek
CAPE ISLAND
(see No. 217)...
(218) F'M PHILA
TO CAPE ISLAI*
Via Bridgeto
To Camden, N. J.
Camden $ Woo
Railroad*
Woodbury .
WlLKESBARRE ..
Kingston
BLOSSBURG
Corning <$* Bios
Railroad.
Covington
Mansfield
Tioga
Wyoming
Exeter
North Moreland..
TUNKHANNOCK . .
Lynn
Lawrenceville
Lindleytown
Erwin Centre
CORNING
Springville
Diinock
MONTROSE
Lawsville Centre.
Conklin
(223) F'M PHILAI
TO HARRISBUJ
Via JLancaste
Columbia Ratlrc
To Head of In-
clined Plane....
Whitehall
Stan.
Carpenter s Land-
ing
3
5
9
8
H
1!
6
5
4
4
12
3
JE
1
13
17
26
34
40
%
t!2
69
73
77
8!'
92
L'A
1
BlNGHAMTON 7
(221) F'M PHILADE
TO NORTHUMBERL
Via Norristowni Re
ing, <$' Pottsville
Philadelphia, Rcadi
<& Pottsville RR
Mullico Hill
Pitt's Grove
BRIDGETON
Morgan's Corner.
Reeseville
Port Elizabeth....
Leesburg
WestchesterTurn-
out
Dennis' Creek
Falls
2
6
3
Whiteland
Cape May
Manayunk
Conshohocken ...
NORRISTOWN
DOWNINGTOWN..
Gallighersville....
CoatsvUto
Cold Spring
CAPE ISLAND
(219) F'M PHILA
TO SALEM.
To Camden, N. J.
Valley Forge
Phenixville
Pottstown
Douglassville
Baumstown
6
4
12
B
23
27
3!)
43
48
Parksburg...
Penningtonville ..
Noblesville
The Gap
Belleview . . .
124
ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Iceman's
3
1
1
8
5!)
t;o
61
H1
Farmer's
9
5
4
10
8
11
8
6
8
(j
11
9
8
9
1!
8
3
9
10
6
b
4
8
5
IE
J>
<
"
all
5
3
10
12
10
6
4
50
3E
7?fc
ill
5
4
7
4
i)
2
26
15
(i
l.i
22
14
105
110
114
12-1
lk
n-:
!,(
156
164
172
17s
1
l!h
m
215
2:11
242
24: i
2.')2
271
277
283
287
29?
300
L'A
ind
106
ey
111
III
121
136
146
152
lot;
306
L'A
lie-
.
163
!(>
172
179
IK!
192
194
220
241
2:)4
27ti
Shippenville
Cranberry
Franklin
4
K)
8
12
12
12
10
14
)E
NK
.
I
3
2
6
4
H
3
3
6
8
8
10
5
I
4
HI
3
4
6
10
1
3
3
3
2
3
4
3
4
7
10
3E
N
1
2: is
317
320
332
344
356
;>:;
380
L'A
10
13
15
21
25
31
34
37
43
51
58
69
74
77
81
NK
8
11
15
21
31
32
!;; A
2
6
9
12
15
18
21
25
27
30
41
48
58
L ^
6
11
Paradise
Abbottstown ....
New Oxford
GETTYSBURG ....
iterprise
Sugar Creek
MEADVILLE
Rockdale.
^.NCASTKR
Harrisburg fr Lc
ter Railroad
Mt Joy
tie
';
t>
9
)E
i,
C
T-
8
7
15
6
6
3
12
5
6
5
9
5
6
2
6
5
5
3
2
<
5
4
1!)
14
10
8
7
11
8
DE
J,
3u
lai
\
sv
6
H
71
as-
83
90
91
97
106
[/A
nd
lot;
114
121
136
142
148
1 !
it;:;
1(18
171
17!)
|SS
m
199
201
207
212
217
230
231
25!)
2:;i
2.<:i
2:tl
298
317
L'A
im-
l,
n
72
i
Me
90
96
Cashtown
Kay ettev rile
CHAMBERSBURG.
St. Thomas
Wnterford
ERIE
Elizabethtown . . .
Tunnel
London
M'Connellsburg ..
Harrisonville
Ray's Hill
(227) F'M PHILAI
TO MAUCH CHU
Via AllentowH
To Rising Sun...
Germantown
ChesnutHill
White Marsh
Upper Dublin
Montgomeryville .
Line Lexington ..
Seller's Tavern...
Bunker Hill
Q,uakertown
Coopersburg
ALLENTOWN
North Whitehall .
Lehigh Gap
Parrysville
Lehighton
MAUCH CHUNK* .
* FR'M MAUCH C
TO BERWICK
To Lausanne
Beaver Meadows.
Hazleton
Conyngham
Nescopeck
Middletown
HARRISBURG
(224) F'M PHILAI
TO PlTTSBUR<
Via Harrisburg
Hotlidaysbur
To HARRISBURG
(see No. 223)...
Dauphin
Benvenue
Millerstown
Thompsontown ..
Mexico
Miifiintown
LEWIS-TOWN
Strode's Mills ....
McVeytown
Atkinson's Mills..
Mill Creek
Bloody Run
Bedford
Schellsburg
Stoyestown
Laurel Hill...
Laughlintown
Ligomer
Youngstown
Greensburg
Adamsburg
Stewartsville
Turtle Creek
E. Liberty
PlTTSBURG
(225i) F'M PHILAI
TO PlTTSBUR
Via Harrisburg
Chambersburg
To HARRISBURG
(see No. 223) ...
Cumberland V
Railroad.
Shiremantown ...
Mechanicsburg. . .
CARLISLE
H UNTINGDON
Alexandria. . . .
Water Street
Yellow Springs ..
Canoe Creek
Frankstown
HOLLIDAYSBITRG.
Duncansville
Summit
BERWICK
(228) F'M PHILAI
TOP'RTDEPOSFI
Kingsessing
Munster
EBENSBURG
Armagh
Shippensburg
Green Village
CHAMBERSBURGf.
Stage.
PlTTSBURG
(see No. 225)...]
(226) F'wPHiLAi
TO ERIE,
Via Harrisburg,
fonte, &r Meadv
To Lewistown
(see No. 224)...
Brown's Mills
Valley
Blairsville
New Alexandria .
Salem M Roads ..
Murraysville
Wilkinshurg
PlTTSBURG
(225) F'MPHILA]
TO PlTTSBUR
no. Columbia & (
bersburg.
Columbia Railr
To LANCASTER
(see No. 223)...
Dillerviile
Gibbons' Tavern .
Nether Provi-
dence. . .
Lima. . . .
Ivy Mills . ..
Concordville
Chadd'sFord ....
Hamorton . ...
Kennett's Square.
A vondale
Westgrove
New London X
Roads
Potter's Mill
Old Fort
BELLEFONTE
Milesburg
Brick Meeting-
house, Md
PORT DEPOSIT. . .
(229) F'M PHILAI
TOSOMERVILLE,
To Milestown....
Abington
Mountville ..,
Wrightsville
York # Wright
Railroad.
Hoover's
YORK...
Clearfield
Curwinsville
Luthersburg
Brookville
Strattonsville
ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA.
125
Willow Grove ...
Jjatboro'
2
2
4
9
6
1
6
6
b
IK
E s
m.
ni
R
7
4
2
8
4
2
6
6
\
5
1
P
J'j
E.
\
13
"6'7
16
!
3
DE
1
13
15
19
28
34
; J 5
41
47
54
63
L'A
ig-
3
10
14
17
19
27
99
45
51
54
ft
61!
t>5
4
^
97
IIA
8
%
35
ck-
51
67
90
103
112
115
L'A
19
Trenton & JV. B
wick RR.
Princeton
Kingston
New Brunswick..
JVeto Jersey R
Metuchin
Rahway
Elizabethtowu ...
Newark
ru
'J
14
R
8
5
6
8
ns-
n
4:j
57
61
69
74
79
8;
New Albany
Monroetown
TOWANDA
(235) FROM Wi
BARRE TO H
DALE.
To Plainsville....
Pittston Ferry
Lackawanna
Hyde Park
6
\
LK
JN
4
4
3
3
6
6
&
ra
NK
5
ST
4
8
4
5
it
ST
"N
5
4
u
4
7
4
10
ST
OS
I
3
3
5
BU
5
113
121
125
ES-
K.S-
j
17
20
23
35
44
LE
2
8
17
22
30
ER
1
16
20
1
ER
7
12
19
1
32
39
43
53
ER
IT,
1
:?
20
24
27
30
35
RG
9
14
Hartsyille
Buckingham
NEW HOPE
Lambertsville, J\J
Flemington
Centreville
SOMERVILLE
(230) F'jvrPmLA]
TO BALTIMOR
Via Wilmingtt
Philadelphia, Wil\
ton, $ Baltimore
To Gray's Ferry..
Lazaretto
Jersey City
Steamboat.
NEW YORK
BOSTON
(see No. 122)... 5
(232) FR'MEAST<
MlLFORD.
To Martin's Creek
Rich mond
1
14
)N
5
2
2
2
5
6
4
4
6
88
302
TO
8
13
15
19
24
30
44
Blakeley
CARBONDALE
Waymart
llo.NKSDALE
(236) F'M POTTS
TO MAUCH CHU
To Port Carbon ..
Middleport
Chester
Marcus' Hook
Nnaman's Creek.
WILMINGTON....
Newport
Stone Church
Mt. Bethel
Dill's Ferry
Tamaqua
Summit Hill .....
MAUCH CHUNK . .
(237) F'M LANCA
TO READING
To Neffsville
Litiz
Newark
Elkton
Dutotsburg
Craig's Meadow .
Coolbaugh's
Bushkill
Northeast
Charlestown
Cecil
Delaware
Havre de Grace . .
Hall's X Roads...
Ferryman's
Gunpowder
Harewood
Chase's
Dingman's Ferry.
MlLFORD..
(233) FR'MEA.ST
CARBONDALE
To Bel fast...
6
6
)N
10
6
5
7
10
8
5
7
6
50
56
TO
6
16
22
27
34
44
52
57
(-.4
70
Ephratah
Reamstown
Adamstown
READING
(238) F'M LANCA
TO NORRISTOW
To Leacock
New Holland
Churchtown
Morgantown
Marsh
E. Nantmeal
Chester Springs . .
Phcenixville
Stemmer's Run . .
Clinton. .
Wind Gap
Snydersville
Bartonsville
Stanhope
BALTIMORE
FROM PHILADE
TO BALTIMOR
Steamboat.
ToFortMifflin...
Denton ..
Sterling
Hamilton
Waymart
Marcus' Hook
New Castle
JV*eto Castle $ F
town RR.
Frenchtown
Steamboat.
Turkey Point
Pool's Island
NorthPoint
Fort McHenry
BALTIMORE
(231) F'MPHILA
TO BOSTON.
Steamboat.
To Bristol
CARBONDALE 6
(234) FR'M EASTON
TOWANDA,
Via Mauch Chunk t
Berwick.
To Bath
'/6
TO
ind
10
19
24
32
3*i
44
47
51
57
64
67
68
78
s<;
107
Railroad.
NORRISTOWN
(239) F'M LANCA
TO PORT DEP
Md.
To Willow Street
Smithville
Buck
Cherry ville
9
5
8
8
3
4
6
7
3
lit
8
21
Lehigh Gap
Lehighton
MAUOH CHUNK..
Lausanne
Chesnut Level....
Greene . . .
Pleasant Grove...
Rock Springs, Md
Rowlandsville....
PORT DEPOSIT...
(240) F'M HARRIS
TO EASTON,
Via Reading
ToHummellstown
Palmyra.. ..
Beaver Meadows.
Hazleton
Conyngham.t
Zeisersville
gescopeck
Phila. <Sr Trenton RR.
M orris ville 191 28
Trenton 1 29
Fishing Creek....
Fairmount Spr'gs
Cherry
126
ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Annville
LEBANON
Myerstown
Stuuchburg
Wolrnelsdorf
Sinking Spring...
READING
Maiden Creek
Kutztown
Rodrocksville
Trexlertown
ALLENTOWN
Bethlehem .......
Butztown
EASTON
9106
(241) F'M HARRISBURG
TO MONTROSE,
Via, Northumberland &
Wilkesbarre.
To Dauphin I
Benvenue 7
New Buffalo I 4
Montgomery's
Ferry... .
Liverpool .
foo'e P
__cKee's Half
Falls
Chapman
Selin's Grove
Shamokin Dam .
SUNBURY
NORTHUMBER-
LAND
Danville
Catuwissa,
8130
54184
Bloomsburg
Espy
Berwick
Beech Grove
Shickshinny
Nanticoke
WILKESBARRE ..
MONTROSE
(see No. 220)...
(242) FR'M NORTHUM-
BERLAND TO BELLE-
FONTE
Via Williamsport and
Lock Haven.
To Milton
McEwensville....
Muncy
Montouresville . . .
WILLIAMSPORT .
Newberry
Jersey Shore
Dunnsburg
LOCK HAVEN
Mill Hall
Lamar
Nittany
BfiLLEFONTE ....
(243) FR'M NORTHUM-
BERLAND TO LEWIS-
TOWN.
To New Berlin..
Middleburg
Beavertown 8
Middle Creek
LEWISTOWN....
(244) FR'M NORTHUM-
BERLAND TO ELMIRA,
N. Y.
To Williamsport I 1
(see No. 242) ... I I 40
Williamsp't & Elmira
Railroad.
Trout Run.,
Ralston
Stage.
Canton
Alba
Tr<>y
15
20
5
5
4
10109
7116
2118
(245) FR'M NORTHUM-
BERLAND TO HOLLI-
DAYSBURG.
South Creek
Southport, N.Y..
To Lewisburg
Mifflinburg
Hartleton
Aaronsburg
Millheim
Spring Mills
Old Fort
Bolesburg
Pine Grove Mills .
Baileyyille
" ilerain Forge,
5
5
14
1
5
5 43
" 50
M
M
70
76
Water Street .....
HOLLIDAYSBURG.
(246) F'M HARRISBURG
TO HAGERSTOWN,Md.
Via Carlisle <$r Ckam-
bersburg.
Cumberland Valley
Railroad.
To Shiremantown]
Mechanicsburg. ..
CARLISLE
Newville
Shippensburg
Green Village....
CHAMBERSBURG.
Franklin Railroad.
Marion
Green Castle
State Line
76
80
88||ilAGERSTOWN ...
(247) F'M HARRISBURG
TO BALTIMORE,
Via York.
To New Cumber-]
land
York Haven
Manchester
YORK
Baltimore & Maryland
Line RR.
Tunnel...
Smyser's .
Heathcote
Strasburg
41
I 44
Baltimore < Susque-
tiannah RR.
Summit
Whitehall
Westerrnan's
Clarksville
Washington Fac.
Melvale
BALTIMORE
(248) FR'M PITTS:
TO ERIE.
To Alleghany ....
Bakerstown
Glade Mills
Butler
Brownington
Slippery Rock
North Liberty....
MERCER
Culbertson's
Meadville
Woodcock
Rockdale
Waterford
ERIE
4106
10116
14130
(249) FR'M PITTSBURO
TO JAMESTOWN, N.
York,
Via Mercer., Franklin,
< Warren.
To Mercer
Henderson
FRANKLIN
Cornplanter
Perry
Deerfield
Irvine
WARREN
Russellburj
Carroll, N.
JAMESTOWN
Iburg
,N.Y
7117
12129
136
7143
8151
6157
(250) FR'M PITTSBURG
TO CLEVELAND, O.
Via Beaver.
To Alleghany.... I I 1
Sewickly Bottom. 1131 14
ROUTES IN DELAWARE.
127
Economy
3
7
3
14
II
4
5
3
6
6
6
5
5
6
6
4
6
7
6
6
HI
Vt
8
10
7
10
or
IL
9
4
5
4
3
ur
L).
7
9
12
5
3
4
17
24
3?
41
51
55
t;o
ti3
til!
75
81
M
!>1
97
103
107
11:;
11-
125
131
137
RG
L.
10
18
25
35
42
46
56
RG
LE,
13
22
m
31
35
38
RG
27
34
43
45
47
59
64
67
71
(253) F'M ERIE TC
FALO, N. Y.
To Westleyville. .
Harbor Creek
B
4
E
ji
S
7
8
4
3
8
4
12
E
in
17
3
4
9
6
8
2
8
7
6
5
6
3
9
Bl
K
at
t/t
8
7
10
6
5
8
1
10
11
10
3
UF-
4
8
13
17
~>(l
28
36
38
45
53
57
60
68
72
79
91
TO
d
12
29
32
36
45
51
59
61
6!)
"6
82
^7
93
96
105
RG
r.
es-
',.
10
18
I
41
4i ;
54
55
65
76
86
89
Mti
(256) FR'M PITTSBURO
TO BALTIMORE, Md.
Via Brownsville, Cum-
berland, $ Harper's
Ferry.
Steamboat.
To BROWNSVILLE 40
Uniontown 12 52
BEAVER
Petersburg, O. . . .
New Middletown.
Northville
Boardman
Canfield
Ripley, N.Y
Westfield
Ellsworth
Frederick
Salem X Roads...
Fredonia
Somerfield
Addison
Little Crossing
21
4
13
13
10
*
8
13
4
12
9
9
5
7
1
5
8
11
30
47
14
lv
4
9
5
19
111
7
13
6
Gl
Vt
Si
7
12
12
3
5
5
8
12
8
73
77
90
103
113
IR.
121
134
138
150
159
168
173
184
186
191
1!H)
210
291
RG
a.
40
44
53
58
77
87
94
101
114
120
ON
.
ow
,1
16
23
a5
1
68
%
9ti
Edinburg
RAVENNA
Franklin Mills....
Stow
Sheridan
Silver Creek
Irving
Frostburg
CUMBERLAND
Baltimore & Ohio
Patterson's Creek.
Little Cacapon...
Pawpaw Tunnel .
DoeGulleyTun'l.
Great Cacapon...
Hancock .
Evans
Hudson
Twinsburg
Bedford
Hamburg (on the
Lake)
Newburg
CLEVELAND
(251) FR'M PITTS
TO WHEELING,
To Herriottsville .
Cannonsburg
Washington
Claysville
W. Alexander . . .
Triadelphia, Va..
WHEELING
(251f) F'M PITTS
TO STEUBENV
Ohio.
To Fayetteville . .
Bavington
BUFFALO 1
(254) FROM ERI
CLEVELAND
Via rfshtabula
Painesville.
To Fairview
Coneaut, Ohio ...
Amboy. .
Walnut Bend ....
BackCr'k Bridge.
Hedgesville Depot
Hedgesville Road.
Martmsburg
Kerneysville
HARPER'S FERRY
Frederick
Kingsville
ASHTABULA
Say brook
(Jnionville
Ellicott's Mills...
BALTIMORE
(257) FR'M PITTS
TO CLARKSBURG
Steamboat.
To Brownsville. . .
Stage.
Merrittstown
Masontown
New Geneva
Morgantown, Va.
Whiteday
Perry
PAINESVILLE
Mentor
Willoughby
E Euclid
Paris .
Euclid
Hollidays Cove,
Va
CLEVELAND
(255) FR'M PITTS
TO MAYSVILLE,
Via. Wheeling, Z
ville, <<r Clullico
To Herriottsville .
Cannonsburg
Washington
Claysville
W. Alexander
Tridelpiiia, Va. ..
WHEELING
Bridgeport, O. ...
St. Clairsville....
Morristown
Fairview
STEUBENVILLE,
Ohio
(252; FR'M PITTS
TO WOOSTER,
Via Masillon
To Beaver
Industry. . ....
PalntineHill
Boothsville
Bridgeport
CLARKSBURG....
(258) F'M WlLMIN
TO EASTVILLE,
Via Dover and
Hill, Md.
To Newcastle
Red Lion
Ohioville
Little Beaver
Bridge
Calcutta
NEW LISBON
Buck's
New Garden
New Alexander . .
St. George's
Cantwell's Bridge
New Franklin....
Paris
6
4
6
6
4
5
8
77
81
87
92
100
106
IK)
115
m
Middlebourn
Washington
Dover ....
Osnaburg
Cambridge
New Concord
Norwich . ....
8
9
3
3
8
50
KM
113
116
119
127
277
Camden
Canterbury
MASILLON
East Greenville. . .
Dalton
East Union
WOOSTER ...
Frederica
Bridgeville
ZANESVILLE
MAYSVILLE
(see No. 322)...]
Milford
Milton
GEORGETOWN...
Millsboro' . . .
128
ROUTES IN MARYLAND.
Dagsboro' 1
5
10
8
10
8
9
7
7
9
10
8
4
6
6
12
IN
5
5
16
6
9
8
14
9
14
4
5
11
20
E
I
1
MC
Pi
R
2
1
3
2J
i
6
2
/
2
3
5
4
7
101
111
119
129
137
146
UJ
160
169
179
187
191
197
203
215
TO
17
22
27
43
49
58
66
80
811
in;
IIU
114
119
130
151!
TO
ind
398
RE
R.
4
6
7
9
!i j
15
17
20
22*
26
28
34
36
iiii
138
41
46
50
57
Wrightsmlle < York
Railroad.
Hoover's I 71 64
Wrightsville 6 70
COLUMBIA 1 l| 71
Kerneysville
Drake's
21 92
4 %'
21 98
2100
2102
1J103
2105
1106
1107
2109
2m
2113
3116
2118
5123
5128
4132
7139
2141
9150
3153
4157
7164
6170
8178
0188
:i -Jol
3214
4218
l :.':):
2251
6267
3260
3263
7L^i
0290
7297
4301
0311
ORE
Ha-
RR.
61
69
77
85
87
98
105
113
ORE
RG.
187
r> 92
St.TVIartin's, Md..
Flagg's Mill
MARTINSBURG...
Warm Spring R'd
JNewark
SNOW HILL
Sandy Hill
Horntown, Va. ..
Accoman
(261) F'M BALTIMO
TO HARRISBURO.
Railroad.
To YORK
RE
57
63
67
7S
82
RE
nd
16
ft
3
42
5ii
22S
RK
ry,
sli-
8
q
12
2<
2-]
28
ol
34
37
4 ;
K
57
56
61
6.-,
\\'.
I
S
*1
8;-]
,St
87
90
Hedgesville Road.
Myer'sWater Sta-
Modestown .
Accomac C. H. . .
Onancock
Pungoteague
Bellhaveri
Hedgesville Depot
N. Mountain Wa-
ter Station
Back Cr'k Bridge
Runner's Ferry
Road
Licking Water
Station
Stage.
6
4
11
4
vto
*,
a
S
12
7
7
10
76
MC
J>>
b
Va
R
3
2
6
3
1
4
3
3
3
6
6
4
1
3
4
4
1
4
a
i
2
2
3
1
3
Franktown
EASTVILLE
(259) FR'M ELKT
SNOW HILL.
To Warwick
Head of Sassafras
Georgetown t*1
Roads
York Haven
New Cumberland.
HARRISBURO
(262) F'M BALTI
TO PlTTSBURi
Via Gettysburg
Chambersburg
To Pikesville
Reistertown
Westminster
Union Mills
Littlestown, Pa. .
Gettysburg
PITT s BUR G
(seeNo.22o)...:
(263) F'M BALTI
TO WHEKLIN
Via Harper's J
Cumberland, $ \
ington, Pa.
Bolt. <$r Ohio E
To Relay House. .
Walnut Bend ....
HANCOCK
St. John's Run...
Great Cacapon...
Rockwell's Run..
Doe Gulley Tun' .
No. 12 Water Sta-
tion
Chestertown
Church Hill
Centreville
Wye Mills
Pawpaw Tunnel..
Little Cacapon...
Green Spring Run
Patterson's Creek.
CUMBERLAND
Stage.
Frostbnrg ]
Easton .
Trappe
CAMBRIDGE
Big Mills
Vienna
Salisbury
Little Crossing ...
Addison, Pa ]
Somerfield
SNOW HILL
FROM BALTIMOR
BOSTON,
Via Philadelphic
New York.
(See No. 278)
(260) F'M BALTI
TO COLUMBIA,
Bait. & StisQue'h
To Melvale
Washington Fac.
Relay House
Ryder's Lane
Timonium
Uniontown 5
Brownsville :
E.Bethlehem ....
Beallsville .
Hillsboro'
Ilchester
Washington ]
Ellicott's Mills ...
Elysville .
W. Alexander
Triadelphia,Va..
WHEELING ;
(264) F'M BALTIC
TO HANCOCK,
Via Frederick ana
gerstown.
Baltimore $ Ohio
To Frederick....
Stage.
Middletown I
Boonsboro' !
Funkstown 8
Hagerstown !
Clear Spring 1
Park Head 1-,
HANCOCK ll
Putney's Bridge..
Woodstock
Marriotts ville
Sykesville
Hood's Mills
Woodbine
Mt. Airy
Clarksville
Monrovia
Cockeysville
Westerman's
Uams ville
Reel's Mill ...
Monocacy
FREDERICK
Doup's Switch...
Point of Rocks ...
Catoctin Switch .
Berlin
Monkton Mills . . .
Whitehall
Parkton
Freeland's
Summit
York & Maryland,
Railroad.
Strasburg. .
Knoxville
Weverton
HARPER'S FERRY
Peacher'sMili....
Hall Town Road.
Duffielu's
Leetown Road . . .
(265) F'M BALTIN
TO CHAMBERSBU
To Hagerstown |
(see No. 264) ...
State Line
Heathcote's
Smyser's . .
Tunnel .
YORK...
ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON.
129
(266) F'M BALTIMORE
TO WASHINGTON, DC.
Bait. Sf Ohio RR.
To Relay House.. I I 8
Washington Br. RR.
Elkridge Landing
Junction ........
Laurel Factory..
Beltsville ........
Bladensburg .....
WASHINGTON
(267) F'M BALTIMORE
TO ANNAPOLIS.
Railroad.
ToElkridge Land-]
ing .............
Junction .........
Putuxent Forge . .
Brotherton .......
ANNAPOLIS .......
(268) F'M BALTIMORE
TO WHITE SULPHUR
SPRINGS, Va.,
Via Harper's Ferry,
Winchester, &f Statin-
ton.
Bolt. $ Ohio RR.
To Harper's Fer-
ry, Va.
(see No. 263)...
Winchester & Potomac
Halltowi'
Railroad.
Charlestown ,
Cameron's.
Thompson
Stephenson's .
WINCHESTER...
Stage.
Newtown Ste-
phensburg
Middletown
Strasburg
Tom's Brook....
Woodstock
Stony Creek
85
^7
91
. 94
Jti"
' 11;
Mt. Jackson
Newmarket ....
Spartapolis
Harrisonburg...
Mt. Crawford...
Mt. Sidney
STAUNTON
Jennings' Gap..
Deerrield
8121
5 1-Jii
-
6143
5148
4152
8171
11 182
151235
Cloverdale Hotel.
Green Valley
3ath C.H
-lot Springs
Columbia Inn
I!allaghan's
WHITE SULPHUR
13 282
14305
269) F'M BALTIMORE
TO WILMINGTON, NC.
Via, Norfolk Sf Oareys-
burg.
Steamboat.
To Fort McHenry
NorthPoint
Stony Point
Sandy Point
Thomas's Point ..
Herring Bay
Sharp's Island
Core Point
Cedar Point
Pt. Lookout (m'th
of Potomac riv.) 17 106
10 13
8 21
Smith's Point
NORFOLK
Portsmouth
Portsmouth # Roanoke
81 .
1199
Railroad.
Suffolk.
Carrsville
Franklin Depot..
Newson's
Margnretsville,
N.C
Stage.
Gareysburg
Weldon
17 216
13229
5234
13247
14261
12273
5278
Wilmington & Raleigh
Railroad.
WILMINGTON I I
(seeNo.273)..|l62|44<
(270) F'MWASHINGTON
TO ANNAPOLIS.
Railroad.
To Bladensburg..
Beltsville .
Laurel Factory... 6
Junction | 2
Annapolis ,
(271) F'MWASHINGTON
TO RIDGE,
Via Port Tobacco.
To Palmer's Tav-
ern, Md
Piscatawa
Pleasant H
Port Tobacco .
away. . . .
ntHill..
6*
Allen's Fresh
Newport
Chaptico
St. Clement's Bay
Leonardtown
Great Mills
St. Inegoes'
RIDGE
87
(272) F'MWASHINGTON
TO FREDERICK.
14 1 16
To Georgetown ..
Kcckviile, Md. ..
Urbanna
FREDERICK
(273) F'MWASHINGTON
TO WILMINGTON, NC.
Via Fredericksburff,
Richmond, <$ Peters-
burg.
Steamboat.
To Alexandria ...
Mt. Vent on
Aetuia Cr'k Land-
ing, Va..
Richmond, Fredericks'
burg, & Potomac RR.
Brooks's Water
Station
FREDERICKSB'G,
Guiney's
Milford Depot...
RutherGlen
Junction .
Taylorsville
Hungary Water
Station
RICHMOND
13110
8118
Richmond ^-Petersburg
Railroad.
Manchester I 2J120
Proctor's Creek... 11131
PETERSBURG....! 9|l40
Petersburg <$ Roanoke
Railroad.
Stony Cr'k Ware-
31 161
9170
11 M
3)84
7191
9200
5205
Jarrett's
BelHeld
Junction
Pleasant H ill, NC.
WELDON
Wilmington <$r Raleigh
Railroad.
Halifax
Enfield
Battles
Rocky Mount .
Joiners
130
ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON.
Nahunta 7
Goldsboro' 11
Dudley's 9
271
282
291
303
311
319
328
337
344
352
366i
JTON
10,
and
2
12
9 21
8 29
5 34
6 40
4 44
8 52
6 58
4 62
2 74
3 87
9 96
7103
3116
i) i-ji;
5131
6137
:j lt;<i
6166
4 191)
7197
8205
0215
6 221
42:35
6251
0303
BT'N
R,
4 21
6 27
4 31
5 36
6 42
5 47
4 51
4 55
Via Cumbered, I
ing, Zanesvillt
Columbus.
Stage.
lo Georgetown ..
Rock ville, Aid....
Urbana
Vh
t
14
12
15
1
4
4
2
4
1
2
2
3
1
4
2
2
2
2
1
a
eel-
i nd
2
Hi
28
43
IK.
47
51
53
57
GO
61
63
;;>
68
6<i
72
74
78
80
82
84
85
8/
88
89
PI
Bridgeport, O. ...
St. Clairsville....
: Alorristown
IFairview
Middlehourn
i Washington
Cambridge
!New Concord
1
10
11
10
:j
7
E
8
S
3
8
8
2
5
4
4
2
S
5
i?
9
5
H
1(1
10
10
9
th
7
3
4
6
5
5
5
6
4
a
9
5
QT
98t
0.
1
5
6
3
6
12
3
3
5
10
3
5
3
m
304
31S
325
328
335
343
352
366
374
378
380
385
389
l!J
472
481
488
491
495
501
504
509
514
}19
i29
jsa
541
546
ON
er
293
m
299
{05
308
314
;2r;
m
J:;2
i37
347
i)0
355
^58
Faison's . . 12
Warsaw 8
Strickland 8
Teachy's 9
S. Washington. 9
Bergaw 7
Frederick
Rocky Mount . . 8
Wilmington.... 14
(274) F'MWASHINC
TO PARKERSBUI
Via Winchester
Clarksburg.
To Georgetown . .
Prospect Hill, Va. 1
Dranesville
Baltimore <$- Ohio
Doup's Switch . ..
Point of Rocks...
Catoctin Switch..
Berlin
Bridgeville . . .
ZANESVILLE
Hopewell
Gratiot ....
Brownsville
Lin ville
Knoxville
Weverton
Jacksontown
HARPER'S FERRY
Peacher's Mill....
Hall Town Road.
Duffield's
Luray
Kirkersville
Etna
Belmont
Leesburg
Leetown Road . . .
Kerneysville
COLUMBUS
Alton
Purcell's Store. . . .
Snickersville
Snicker's Ferry . .
Barry ville
Drake's
Flagg's Alill
Martmsburg
Warm Spring R'ti
Tabbs*
West Jefferson ...
Ltifavetta
Brighton Centre..
SPRINGFIELD
Yellow Springs ..
Xenia
WINCHESTER ... 1
Back Cr'k Valley. ]
Capon Bridge....
Hanging Rock ...
ROMNEY 1
Hedgesville Road.
Myer's Water Sta-
tion
Little Miama 1
Spring Valley
Claysville
Hedgesville Depot
N. Mountain Wa-
ter Station
Burlington 1
Ridgeville
Corwin. . .
Back Cr'k Bridge.
Runner's Ferry
Road
Licking Water
Station
Walnut Bend....
Hancock
St. John's Run...
Great Cacapon...
Rockwell's Run..
Doe Gully Tunnel
No. 12 Water Sta-
tion
2
2
3
2
5
5
4
7
2
9
3
4
B
8
10
93
95
98
100
105
110
114
121
123
132
135
I3!l
146
m
160
170
Claysville
Lockport
Morrow .
Glade Valley i
German Settlem't
Deerrield
Three Forks
Pruntytown
Bridgeport
Polktown
Indian Ripple
Milford
CLARKSBURG
Columbia
Lewisport 1
CINCINNATI
(276) F'MWASHIN
TO DETROIT
ViaWheelm ff ,Wo
Ohio, Sr Toled
To Wheeling
(see No. 275) . . .
Martin's Ferry, O
Colerain
Pennsboro'
PARKKRSBURG... *
(274i)F'MWASHIN
TO WlNCHESTE
Via Alexandria
To ALEXANDRIA.
Fairfax. Va 1
Pawpaw Tunnel .
Little Cacapon...
Great Spring Run
Patterson's Creek.
CUMBERLAND
National Road.
Frostburg
Chantilly
Pleasant Valley . .
Arcola . . .
Little Crossing...
Addison, Pa
Sornerfield
Uniontown
BROWNSVILLE ..
E. Bethlehem ....
Beallsville
13
13
a 4
12
6
3
8
IT
183
196
.'00
221
233
239
242
245
Harrisville . . .
Short Creek
Cadiz
Aldie
Stocktownship...
Tappan
Whitehall
Middleburg
Rector's X Roads.
Upperville
East port
4 59
5 64
2 66
2 78
Hillsboro'
New Philadelphia
Dover
Berry ville
Washington
Millwood
WINCHESTER.... 1
Claysville . . .
1ft
272
279
Strasburg. . . .
W.Alexander....
1
Deardoff's Mills..
ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON.
131
Frease's Store
Mt. Eaton
4362
i 33
9375
5 :M
1 1391
38ft
QUO
7411
54 It
4 42(
542.
IH
4411
!; ""'
'^ 4>
(278) F'MWASHING
TO BOSTON.
Washington Bran
Railroad.
To Bladensburg..
PON
ch
b
12
18
21
30
to
\ 40
"I
43
gi
77
78
83
HH
104
iot;
110
118
120
m
134
137
438
ON
7
15
20
32
42
52
'-
108
IN
119
140
147
153
Hi2
171
%
(280) F'MWASHIN
TO STAUNTON
Via Warrenton Si
& Charlottesvil
To Alexandria . . .
Fairfax
GJTON
ir'ffS
te.
7
14 21
7 28
V$
3 45
6 51
5 56
5 61
6 67
9 76
4 80
8 88
8 96
0106
5121
6127
8135
8143
4147
7154
0164
JTON
HUR
urg,
and
8 15
7 42
cks-
4 56
66
5 71
5 76
B 82
a 94
5104
3119
3125
3133
3141
1145
llbl
n/5
)190
>199
>205
1219
>224
237
>246
fl*)
Apple Creek
WOOSTER
New Pittsburg ... 1
Row's
Savannah
Laurel Factory...
Junction ...
Elkridge Landing
Baltimore and
Railroad.
BALTIMORE
Philadelphia, Wil
ton, $- Baltimore
(
i
1C
Oh
110
mi
R
7
54
I,
1
1
5
3
3
;
2
4
8
2
4
7
3
01
"a 1
5
12
10
10
8
7
19
10
(i
5
Jl
/;
<l
!_'
10
IK
Centreville
Groveton
Buc k la nd
Ruggles...
Greenwich
Fitchville
New Baltimore...
Warrenton
Warrenton Spr'gs
Jeriersonton
Rixeyville
N. Fitchville
Bronson..
Norwalk
Monroeville
Lyme
t/ulpepper C. H. .
3olv ill's Tavern..
Locustdale
Bellevue
Lower Sandusky. 1
Black Swamp
Woodville
Stemmer's Run . .
Chase's
Orange C. H
jordonsville
Kverittsville J
JHARLOTTESVI'E
Sardins' Tavern..
Yancey's Mills...
Brookville
Perrysburg ]
Maumee City
TOLEDO 1
Manhattan
Erie, Mich
LaSalle
6 4!
i -,oo
1511
rM
-, y:
Harewood
Gunpowder
Barry man's
all's X Roads...
Havre de Grace . .
Cecil
bVay nesborough. .
STAUNTON 1
(281) F'MWASHINC
TO WHITE SULP
SPRINGS,
Via Fredericksb
Charlottes oille,
Staunton.
Steamboat.
To Alexandria ...
Mt. Vent on
Aquia Cr'k Land-
ing, Va. 2
Monroe
Brest .
; )32
5 537
3350
; 556
1557
3570
TON
S.
42
56
118
140
205
366
524
661
792
899
98fi
Uharlestown
Northeast ... .
Brownstown 1
Gibraltar .
Elkton
Newark
Truago
Staunton .
DETROIT 1
(277) F'MWASHING
TO NEW ORLEA>
Steamboat.
Aquia Cr'k L'g,
Railroad.
Fredericksburg,
Va . . . 14
Newport
WILMINGTON
Vuaman's Creek.
Vlarcus Hook
Chester
L.a za retto
Cray's Ferry
PHILADELPHIA...
BOSTON
(see No. 231)...
(279) F'MWASHIN
TO NORFOLK, ^
Steamboat.
To Alexandria ...
Mt. Vernon
Crane Island
Sandy Point, Md.
Aquia Cr'k Land-
ing Va
Richmond &rFreder
burg RR.
^redericksburg... 1
Stage.
}hancellorsville.. 1
Vilderness
jocust Grove
/erdiesville
Orange C. H 1
Gordonsville 1
Everittsville 1
CHARLOTTESVI'E
Hardins' Tavern .
Yancey's Mills ...
Brookville
Wayneshorough
STAUNTON 1
Jennings' Gap... 1
Deerfield 1
Cloverdale Hotel ,
Green Valley (
Bath 1<
Hot Springs ;
Columbia Inn 1
Callaghan's !
WHITE SULPHUR
SPRINGS l<j
RICHMOND 62
Petersburg 22
Weldon.N. C. . 65
Wilmington.... 161
Steamboat.
CHARLESTON,
S. C 158
Railroad.
Augusta, Ga. ..1137
Covington, Ga.. 131
Stage.
West Point, Ga. 1107
Railroad.
Montgomery, 1
Ala.* 87
Boyd'sHo'le
Matthias' Point ..
>dar Point, Md..
Jlackstone's I.. ..
'iney Point
J oint Lookout ...
loger Point, Va..
Smith's Point ..,.
Windmill Point.,
iwynn's Island ..
'oint-no-Point ...
\ew Pt. Comfort.
Jack River Point.
Old Pt. Comfort. .
NORFOLK ...
Stage.
MOBILE, Ala... 1209 1195
Steamboat.
NEW ORLEANS 117511370
* From Montgomery to
Mobile, by the river,
is 338 miles.
132
ROUTES IN VIRGINIA.
(282) F'MWASHINGTON
TO LYNCHBURG,
Via Charlottesville.
To Charlottesville
(see No. 277)...
Garland's
(Jovesville
Lovingston
Rose Mills
New Glasgow
LYNCHBURG
127
14141
7148
15163
9172
5 177
20197
) F'M RICHMOND TO
WASHINGTON.
Richmond, Fredericks-
burg, $ Potomac RR.
To Hungary Sta-l
tion
Taylors ville
Junction
HutherGlen
Milford
(283) F'M FREDERICKS-
BURG TO WINCHES-
TER.
SoFalmouth
artwood
Spottedyille
Somerville
Warrenton
Salem Fauquier..
Oak Hill
Paris
Millwood
WINCHESTER ...
(284) F'M FREDERICKS
BURG TO TAPPAHAN
NOCK.
ToRappahannock
Port Royal
Loretto..,
Lloyd's
TAPPAHANNOCK. .
(285) F'M RICHMOND TO
OLD PT. COMFORT.
To Frasier's Tav-
ern
New Kent
Barhamsville
Burnt Ordinary..
Williamsburg
YORKTOWN
alfway House . .
HAMPTON
Old PL Comfort
(286) F'M RICHMOND TG
NORFOLK.
Steamboat.
To Warwick's . . .
City Point
Windmill Point..
Jamestown I
Burwell'sBay ...
Newport News. . .
NORFOLK
(287) F'M RICHMOND TO
TAPPAHANNOCK
To Old Church...
Aylett's li
FleetwoodAcad.. !
Miller's Tavern ..
TAPPAHANNOCK. . U
34 ..
12 52
24 7f
12 88
1510c
15 11
27102
8110
umey s .........
FREDERICKSB'G.
Aquiu Cr'k Land-
ing, Va .........
Steamboat.
Mt. Vernon ---- /.
Alexandria .......
WASHINGTON. . . .
(2880 FR'M RICHMOND
TO GORDONSVILLE.
Railroad.
To Junction I
(see No. 288) ...I
Louisa RR.
Beaver Dam ......
Frederick's Hall. .
Tolersville ........
Louisa C. H ......
Gordonsville ......
(289) FROM RICHMOND
TO STAUNTON.
To Powell's Tav-
ern .............
Dover Mills ......
Beaver Dam ......
Goochland .......
Cedar Point ......
Fife's .............
Columbia ........
Palmyra
..........
Union Mills ......
Everittsville ......
Charlottesville ----
STAUNTON .......
37120
)) FROM RICHMOND
TO LYNCHBURG.
To Manchester...]
Coal Mines
Hallsboro'
Pint Rock
Scottsville
Macon
Bullsville
Cumberland C. H.
Langhorn's Tav-
ern
Raine's
FARMVILLE
Walker's Church.
Spou
Cone
it Spring
Concord
LYNCHBURG
;2C1) FROM RICHMOND
TO MILTON, N. C.,
Via Farmville.
ToFarmville
Prince Edward CH
Midway Inn
ttoanoke Bridge..
Charlotte C.H...,
Vlt. Laurel
Halifax
Bloomsburg
'Junninghum's
Store, N. C....
MILTON
12J32
13145
13158
10168
(292) FROM RICHMOND
TO RALEIGH, N.C.
Richmond fr Petersburg
Railroad.
To Petersburg....
StonyCreekWare-
house
Jarrett's
Belfield
Greenville fr Roanoke
Railroad.
Ryland's Jill 74
Guston ilOl 84
Raleigh & Gas ton RR.
21 43
111 63
Littleton
Macon
Ridge way
Henderson
Staunton
Franklin
Forrestville
Huntsville
RALEIGH
9
11104
10114
13127
7134
11145
11156
6162
9171
(293) F'M PETERSBURG
TO LYNCHBURG.
To Fork Inn
Mt. Level
Morgansville
Nottoway C. H...
iurksville
rille
LYNCHBURG
48124
(294) F'M PETERSBURG
TO NORFOLK.
Railroad.
To City Point....] 113
Steamboat.
NORFOLK
(see No. 286) ...1781 90
(295) F'M PETERSBURG
TO NORFOLK.
To Prince George. I I 7
Garysville 10 17
Cabin Point 9 2t>
SurryC. H 112! 38
ROUTES IN VIRGINIA.
133
Bacon Castle g
Burwell's Bay 6
Cloverda-le
52! Salem i
3 78|| Liberty....
I 92 Lisbon
8 28
12 51
5 56
25 81
12 93
7100
n in
18 129
Smithfield b
Chuckatuck 10
Suffolk.... 10
58 LaFayette 1
68 i CHRISTIANSB'RG 1.
78 KNOXVILLE
oke (see No. 303)... 231
.. (300) F'M LYNCHB
9o TO GUYANDOTTE
og Via White Sulph
Springs.
T0 To New London .
Otter Bridge
Liberty
Blue Ridge...;;;; i
^'incastle . 14
1103 Butbrd's
) 117 Big Lick ;
Portsmouth <$ Roan
Railroad.
Portsmouth... 17
348 CHRISTIANBURG
- .1 Angle's Ferry ....
3 Newbern
i Draper's Valley.
ur Wytheville
Rural Retreat...
\\ Pleasant Hill....
18 Marion....
Steamboat.
NORFOLK 1
(296) F'M NORFOLK
HAMPTON.
Steamboat.
To Old Pt. Com-
fort
9138
7145
11156
6 162
11173
5178
7185
3198
9207
9216
6222
9231
7^238
3:241
Li
9279
4293
9 : 302
0312
URO
.C.
12
5 17
6 23
B 29
3 42
5 47
7 54
J 73
1 90
) 99
103
112
125
136
;ii
158
175
RD
10
19
22
29
38
46
52
58
2(j Seven. rniie Ford
43 Glade Spring
57 :Cedarvilie
HAMPTON 5
FROM NORFOLK
EASTVILLE,
By Steamboat....!
(297) F'M NORFOLK
RALEIGH.
To Portsmouth ... 1 I
Portsmouth $ Roano
Railroad.
Suffolk 17
&\ Sweet Springs.... 15
WHITE SULPHUR
TO SPRINGS 17
jewisburg 9
89 Sapling Grove....
BLOUNTSVILLE . .
106 Lden's Ridge
115 Kmgsport
,-Q Blue Sul. Springs. 13
Se well's Mountain 16
jpcust Lane 10
ro Mountain Cove .. 9
Gauley Bridge ... 15
1 Mt. Juliet.. 25
, Kanawha Saline . 5
Ke KANAWHA C. H. . 6
'oalsmouth 12
18 Mt. Salem 9
Long Level b'
* Barboursville 12
49 GUYANDOTTE 7
63 (301) FROM KANAW
C. H. TO PT. PLEJ
75 ANT.
$ To Mouth of Poc-
> ataligo
128 -^ew Cniit(jn
54 -Y elJow Store.'.'.*;
($ Rogersyille
193 Rocky Spring .' . .'
?08 Bean's Station ...
JJ llutledge
? ' Blair'* *j Roads..
35 Acaderrna
4 j ,KNOXVILLE .1]
jjjj (304) F' M LYNCHB
TO SALISBURY, JN
HA Via Danville.
s - i To Campbell CH.
[Yellow Branch...
Castle Craig ...
16 Ward's Bridge. "
20 Chalk Level?. 1
24 Robertson's Store.
34 Pittsylvania
Carrsville.
Franklin 5
Newson's Depot.. 13
Margaretsville,
N. C 14
Stage.
Gareysburg.. 12
Littleton'. ;;;;;;;;" 201
Gaston <$ Raleigh Rl
RALEIGH 17811
(298) F'M NORFOLK i
LDENTON, N. C.
To Deep Creek...
Lake Drummond. 9 J
South Mills, N.C. 13 I
Aew Lebanon 5 -
Elizabeth Cfty.... 12
Wood vi lie 10
Hertford 11 <j
?. Walnut Grove ... 4
-o Redhouse Shoals. 4
Buffalo 10
n rbuckle 14
PT. PLEASANT... 7
41 (302) F'M LYNCHBUE
53 TO WHITE SULPHI
6 j SPRINGS, Va.,
1 Via Natural Bridge
3 oWaugh's Fer'y
4 alcony Falls 13
55 Rawlingsburg,
$S^ : &i\
. GREENSBORO' ;;." 1J
8 Jamestown i;
si lirmnniell's " 1C
EDENTON 12 t
yi Natural Bridge Q <
m Rich Fork...
(299) F'M STAUNTON T
KNOXVILLE, Tenn.
To Greenville
Steele's Tavern..; 6 1
Fairfield 6 2
Rebecca Furnace. 15 ,
I Clifton Forge 11 (
Covington.. 14 I
>5 Lexington 6
6 (SALISBURY I 7
? 1(305) FR'MHICKSFC
TO ROXBORO', N.(
e| T " St'>ny Mount.
q Callaghan's 5 j
5 WHITE SULPHUR
j SPRINGS 14 ^
Lexington 11 3
Fancy Hill .' g 4
Natural Bridge . 7 4
Pattensburg 10 5
r incastle. 12 6*
2| (303) F'M LYNCHBUR
[ TO KNOXVILLE, Tenn
Via Blountsville.
)i To New London . 1
l ter Bridge 7 1
a IJ^awrenceville 3
i Diamond Grove. 7
: Tanner's Store... 9
Lombard? Grove. 8
1 j Union Level 6
8 Boydton
Amsterdam 61 7J
134
ROUTES IN OHIO.
Clarksville 12
"0 OLUMBUS
78 Alton
$ W T . Jefferson
1142
9151
5'15U
jinville '
irownsville
Gratiot t
! w
40
42
46
54
62
i 85
92
\ 95
)105
116
)126
11127
BU8
I 11
|8
!i
ig
5 40
2 42
4 46
8 54
4 58
3 61
3 64
9 73
5 78
4 90
4 94
3107
7114
124
!!P
O liS
4136
5141
4145
9154
13167
rtBUS
.
11
3 14
7 21
4 25
11 36
5 41
10 51
8 59
14 73
11 84
9 M
13NW
Whitehouse 8
ROXBORO' 20
(306) FR'M CLEVELAI,
TO BUFFALO, N.Y.
,a Fayette
8164
5 ! ]Ktt
[opewell '
^j\.NESVILLE i
righton Centre..
9 SPRINGFIELD
12 Yellow Springs...
51
10:1
9
9;:
R
r.
71
IK
1
11
LA
Pa
6
7
5
6
4
ti
4
5
5
6
6
6
3
4
b
4
]-
i.
ii
i
:'v
44
ii
45
m
V
1
!
4
K|
93
02
V.i
n;
>:,(
K>
MO
M(
JJ3
*>2
ii<
ND
(
1L
]i
2-
:,(
y-j
4-
4!
54
(X
Ijt
7^
^l
h
!)
!
10
111
11
11
13
13
1
,!
II!
or
a.
2:
2
sr
31
iridgeville 1
Norwich '<
To Euclid n
E. Euclid 3
Mew Concord ;
Willoughby 6
18 Xenia
23 j^ittle Miama h
U pring Valley....
44 jCorwm
T7. lorrow
? ! Deerfield
M Foster's Crossings.
Si Polktown
liltbrd
Vnshington !
liddlebourn r
Fairview
Painesvil'le 6
Perry^ 7
Vlorristown H
St. Clairsville 1
Iridgepurt ....... 1
WHEELINGjVa. .
312) FROM COLUM
TO PlTTSBURG
Via Steubenvillt
LV) Reynoldsburg.
Etna
Unionville 2
Saybrook 8
ASHTABULA 6
Kingsville 9
Amboy |
$ Columbia
gtj CINCINNATI
(309) FR'MCLEVE
96 1 TO PITTSBURGH
[*o Newburg
^ Bedford
Fairview, Pa 17
ERIK 12 1
B K7253)...911
(307) FR'M CLEVELA
TO TOLEDO.
ToRockport I
Cirkersville
fj"ray
Twinsburg
8 ludson
Hebron
lacksontown
Linville
Dover 5
N. Ridgeville .... 7
Elyria 4
20 Franklin Mills....
24 i Ravenna
Brownsville
iratiot
Hopewell
Amherst 8
Henrietta 3
Birmingham o
Florence o
Beriinville 4
32 Edioburg
35 Palmyra
38 '[Frederick
ZANESVILLE
fridgeville
41 i Ellsworth
45 Canfield
Mew Concord
Cambridge
tilan o
orwalk 4
onroeville 4
Lyme jj
5 Poland
61 New Middletown.
67 Petersburg
70 Enon Vnlley, Pa.
88 Darlington
V/inchester
Antrim
Londonderry
Smyrna
Moretield
Lower Sandusky. IS
Black Swamp.... 8
Woodville 7
Perrysburg 16
MaumeeCity .... 1
TOLEDO H
Cadiz 1
103 Freedom
Greene
Wintersville I
STEUBENVILLE ..
Holliday's Cove..
p,, r j s
120 Sewickly Bottom.
130 Allegheny
PlTTSBURG
ND
(310) FR'MCLEVI
i TO BUFFALO, N
7 Steamboat.
i To Ashtabula . . .
07 I ERIE, Pa
sU Portland, N.Y. .
49 Dunkirk
(308) FR'M CLEVELA
TO CINCINNATI.
To Brooklyn
Bavington
Fayette . . .
PlTTSBURO
(313) FROM COLUI
TO CLEVELANI
To Blendon
Westerville
ft inrwick 6
Guilford 9
Wooster 13
Big Prairie 9
Loudonville 11
oo (311) FROM COLI
91 TO WHEELING,
101 To Reynoldsburg
106 Etna
117 Kirkersville
121 Luray
128 Hebron
Galena
Sonbury
Centreburg
Mt. Vernon
Mt. Liberty 10
Centreburg a
Mt. Liberty
Mt. Vernon
Democracy
Loudonville
i Big Prairie
WOOSTER
1 Guilford
Galena 4
Westerville 7
Blendon :
ROUTES IN OHIO.
135
Brunswick
8123
K 12:
H135
] Jackson ...
15! 68
8 7b
J3I 99
*S TO
n.
45
13 58
11 69
5 74
10 84
6 90
6 96
u nc;
7123
1124
IBUS
17
3 20
8 28
7 35
45
2 57
8 65
5 70
[BUS
54
1 65
6 81
8 W
1 lul
9110
2122
LLE
29
7 36
4 40
4 44
8 70
i ffi
< W
^
;ii2
ni5
4119
LLE
>y.
J 9
) 19
i 27
4 36
i 52
CHILLICOTHE
To MAYSVILLE
(see No. 318)...
(323) F'M ZANESI
TO WHEELING,
ToBridgeville....
Norwich
New Concord
Cambridge
,o|n
79150
^r
3,f
iM
8 31
7 38
3 41
10 51
11 62
10 72
ll 73
TTHE
3,
199
NATI
N.
2
6 8
6 14
10 24
7 31
5 36
3 39
8 47
7 54
7 61
9 70
NATI
E.
2
7 9
5 14
4 18
8 26
5 31
o 56
66
8 74
i a*>
3 98
SATI
:,
3
5 8
5 13
7 20
4 24
7 31
7 38
48
Strongville
Parma
iRockyHill
1 GALLIPOLIS
Brooklyn
CLEVELAND
(314) FROM COLU
TO SANDUSKY
To Worthington .
Williamsville
Delaware
:j IS
4142
tfBUS
9 6 |
10 34
10 44
18 2
11 73
7 80
6 8b
4 90
6 %
L4110
IBUS
,la.
5 \\
8 22
32
< 42
7 49
7 56
1 67
7 74
3 8;
.; us
0103
>; iu.'
6115
(> 12.',
2 127
>- \:>;>
6 141
8149
51;4
" 1-2
I 167
i 172
0182
BUS
J.
9 26
9 45
5 61)
4 64
4 78
2 90
BUS
9! 26
9] 4.
(318) F'MCOLUMBl
MAYSVILLE, K<
To Chillicothe
(see No. 317) . . .
Bourneville
Cynthiana
Sinking Spring...
Locust Grove
Washington
Middlebourne
Fairview
Morristown
Norton
Marion
Bucyrus
Chattield
Attica
West Union
Aberdeen
MAYSVILLE
(319) FROM COLUJ
TO ATHENS.
ToLithopolis.,..
Courtwright
Lancaster
St. Clairsville....
Bridgeport
WHEELING i
(324) F'M CHILLIC
TO GALLIPOLI
(See No. 317) 1
(325) FR'M CINCIN
TO WEST UNIO
Reedtown
Sherman
Beilevue..
SANDUSKY
(315) FROM COLD?
TO INDIANAPOLIS
Via. Dayton.
To Alton
Sugar Grove
Logan 1
W. Jefferson
La Fayette
To Fulton 1
Vewtown
Mt. Carmel
Batavia
Brighton Centre. . :
ATHENS 1
(330) FROM COLUH
TO MARIETTA
To ZANESVILLE,
(see No. 312) . . .
Blue Rock 1
Enon
Williamsburg
Bethel
Dayton 1
Liberty
W. Alexandria. . . 1
Hamersville
Georgetown
Kussellville
McConnellsville.. J
Beverly 1
Watertbrd
Decatur
New Westville... 1
Richmond, Ind. ..
Centreville
Cambridge 1
WEST UNION....
(326) FR'M CINCIN
TO CHILLICOTH
To Fulton
Plainville
Milford
Perrin's Mills
Gordonville
Fayetteville
Dodsonville '
Rainsboro' ]
Bainbridge
Lowell
Dublin ...
(321) F'M ZANESV
TO CLEVELAND
To Coshocton
Keene's
Lewisville....
Ogden
Knightstown.....
Charlottesville
Greenfield . . .
Mill Creek
Philadelphia
Cumberland
INDIANAPOLIS 1
(316) FROM COLUM
TO PORTSMOUTJ
To S. Bloomfield .
Clark's
Millersburg
WOOSTKR 1
Guiltord 1
Medina...
Bourneville ]
CHILLICOTHE 1
(327) FR'M CINCIN
TO ZANESVILLI
Via Circleville
To Walnut Hills.
Pleasant Ridge...
Montgomery
Twenty. mile
Stand
Hopkinsville
Rochester
Clarksville
Wilmington I]
Brunswick
Strongville ....
Parma
Chillicnthe 1
Brooklyn
Waverly 1
CLEVELAND
(322) F'M ZANESVI
TO MAYSVILLE, H
To Putnam
Fultonham
Somerset N
Rushville
L'incnster
Tarlton ...1
Piketon...
Lucasville 1
PORTSMOUTH 1
(317) FROM COLUM
TO GALLIPOLIS
ToS. Bloomfield. 1
Circleville
Chillicothe ll
136
ROUTES IN OHIO.
Snbina
Washington
New Holland
Williarnsport
Circleville
Amanda
10
12
w s
9
12
SI
9
8
Id
8
1
gj
Vi
,h
Lc
IE
4
5
2
1
4
2
4
5
5
5
3
H
58
70
80 ;
88
!7
109 :
us;
127
135
145
153
154
LTI
I.
ra-
5
9
14
16
1
i
32
37
42
45
nl
(330) FR'M CINCW
TO SIDNEY,
Via Dayton.
To Carthage
Springdale
N,
7
10
18
6
6
4
8
10
11
7
13
*N
IS.
4
4
4
ijj
4
6
12
10
^TI
6
13
23
41
47
53
57
65
75
8,;
93
106
VTI
4
8
12
16
22
32
3B
43
4<)
61
71
Campbellsville . . .
Greensburg
12
12
11
!
1
2-1
T N,
18
13
5
!!
11
22
36
5
18
33
10
19
15
i
6
25
37
8
6
11
7
23
10
12
15
33
ro
14
1;
N'X
M
C<
10
4
7
10
IT
:'
3
r
12
21
161
173
184
190
194
p
241
2:a
ITI
.
291
:;i)4
309
3-J1
333
344
a%
m
407
425
log
IKS
487
502
as
537
543
588
tjOa
613
619
630
*;:;-
i;t;o
670
6S2
697
730
i<i.
^
Monroe
Three Springs
Blue Spring Grove
GLASGOW
Rushville
Middletown ...
Franklin
State Line
Fultonham
Putnam
Miamisburg
Alexandersville. . .
DAYTON. .
NASHVILLE
(335) FR'M CiNcn
TO NATCHEZ, IV:
To NASHVILLE
(see No. 334) . . .
Good Spring
Franklin
ZANESVILLE
(328) FR'M CINCIIV
TO WHEELING,
Via SprinffJield,C
bus, <$ Zanesvi
Little Miama 1
To Columbia
Plainville
W. Charleston . . .
Troy
Piqua .
SIDNEY
(331) FR'M CINCH
TO INDIAN APOL
ToCheviott
Dry Ridge
Cleves
Elizabethtown ...
Lawrenceburg,Ia.
Springhill
Columbia
Mt. Pleasant
Lawrenceburg ...
FLORENCE
Tuscumbia
Milford
Germany
Indian Ripple
Polktown
Laugherty
iRussellville
To 11 sate
Delaware
Napoleon ....
Pikeville
Deertield
Greerisburg
St. Omar
Border Spring,
Miss. ..
Lockport
Freeport
Shelby ville
Brandy wine
Pleasant View
11
6
12
11
8
S'N
,
is
37
S'N
K
o
11
11
:r
8
SN
L"e
12
i:
82
88
1(10
IN
122
VTI
122
359
ATI
P.
1
10
26
37
72
76
S4
\TI
in.
84
'.'6
1CS
COLUMBUS
Shoco
Choctaw Agency.
Louisville
r*l iu"
4
3
7
10
10
10
10
8
5
!
11
t;
5
g
2
4
4
5
\
8
73
VN
D,
a'
42
55
58
65
75
85
95
105
113
118
12 J
138
M4
14!)
152
151
158
162
167
169
173
181
254
VTI
id
127
269
Bethel
{Spring Valley
Xenia .
Yellow Springs ..
fPRINGFIELD
righton Centre..
La Fayette
INDIANAPOLIS
(332) FR'M CINCI
TO ST. Louis
Via fndianapol
To Indianapolis
(see No. 331)...
St. Louis
(see No. 500)... 2
(333) FR'M CINCI
TO LEXINGTON,
Steamboat.
To Covington
Stage.
Hopahka
Ofuhoma
Springfield
Sharon ....
Canton. . .
JACKSON ..
West Jefferson . . .
Alton
Newtown
Line Store
Gallatin
Reynoldsburg
Etna
Malcolm .
Mississippi Rail
Washington
NATCHEZ
Kirkersville
Luray
Hebron
Jacksontown
Linnville
(336) FR'M CINCH
TO BALTIMORE,
Via Wheeling fr
berland.
To WHEELING,
(see No. 328)...
Triadelphia,Va. .
W.Alexander....
Claysville
Washington
Hillsboro'
1 TI
tm-
254
264
%8
J75
285
: J 02
305
308
314
B26
347
Brownsville
Gratiot
Crittenden
Williamstown
Georgetown
Delphi
Hopewell
ZANESVILLE
WHEELING
(see No. 323)...
(329) FR'M CINCI
TO CLEVELAI*
Via, Columbus
W ouster.
To Columbus
(see No. 328) . . .
Cleveland
(see No. 313)...]
LEXINGTON
(334) FR'M CINCI
TO NASHVILLE,"]
To Lexington
(see No. 333) ...
Nicholasville
Shawnee Run
Bealsville
HARRODSBURG ..
Perry ville
Lebanon
Newmarket ....
K'
18
b
115
125
143
149
E. Bethlehem ....
BROWNSVILLE ..
Uniontovvn
Somerfield...,
ROUTES IN OHIO.
137
Little Crossing".'.!
Frostburg
13364
13377
10387
RR.
8'395
13408
4<412
12424
3433
91442
5447
7454
4 ! 4o8
7465
8473
11484
20504
47 551
14163
4NAT1
3.
254
s-j<;-j
5267
97Q
Milford
Germany
1
4
6
5
14
16
17
21
27
Peru !...
Steuben
16 32
6 38
5 43
5' 48
8 56
13 69
r. TO
10
20 30
27 57
60117
44161
30191
16207
45252
r TO
75
72147
75222
75297
80377
65442
103545
150 695
25720
13733
571790
CUMBERLAND....
Baltimore <$ Ohii
Patterson's Creek.
Little Carapon. . .
Pawpaw Tunnel..
Doe Gulley Tun'l.
Great Cacapon...
HANCOCK
Indian Ripple
Polktown
Foster's . .
New Haven
Plymouth
Shelby
Deern'eld
MANSFIELD
Morrow
5 37
5 42
3 45
6 51
4 55
3 58
7 '65
101 75
10 85
14 99
11110
8118
6124
7131
11142
R.
231165
16181
9190
13203
16219
f TO
?.
1 1 16
FROM SANDUSK 11
BUFFALO, N. 1
Steamboat.
To Huron
Lockport.
Freeport
Corwin. . . .
Walnut Bend ....
BackCr'k Bridge.
Hedgesville
MARTINSBURG...
Kerneysville
HARPER'S FERRY
Frederick
Ellicott's Mills
Claysville
Spring Valley....
Stage.
Yellow Springs ..
SPRINGFIELD
Black River
CLEVELAND
Ashtabula
ERIE, Pa
Portland, N.Y. ..
BALTIMORE
(337) FR'M CINCH
TO PlTTSBUR
To WHEELING
(see No. 328)...
Triadelphia,Va..
W.Alexander, Pa.
W. Liberty
Beilefontame
Cherokee
Dunkirk
BUFFALO
FROM SANDUSIO
CHICAGO, 11
Steamboat.
To DETROIT
Ft. Gratiot
Point au Barques
Thunder Bay Isl.
Presque Isle
MACKINAC
Manitou Islands.
Milwaukie, Wis.
Racine . .
Howell's .
KENTON
Mad River R
Carey
Tiffin
Washington 10283
Cannonsburg 7290
Harriottsville 8298
PITTSBURG 10308
(338) FR'M CINCINNATI
TO SANDUSKY CITY.
JMtleMiamaRR.
To Columbia 5
Republic
Beflevue .
SANDUSKY
FROM SANDUSK^
MANSFIELD
Mansfield Ri
To Monroeville. . .
Snuthport
CHICAGO, 111. ...
DESCRIPTION OP THE SOUTHERN STATES,
THE PRINCIPAL CITIES, TOWNS, WATERING-
PLACES, &c
_ ^BLA CK MTS.
NORTH CAROLINA lies between 33 50' and
36 30' N. lat., and between 75 45' and 84 q W. Ion.
i from Greenwich ; and between 6 a 20' W., and 1 33'
j E. Ion. from Washington. Population in 1840,
f 753,419.
Along the entire coast of this state there is a ridge
of sand, separated from the main land in some places
by narrow, and in other places by broad sounds and
1 bays. The passages or inlets through it are shallow
and dangerous, Ocracoke inlet being the only one through which vessels
pass. Capes Hatteras and Lookout are projecting points in this belt, and
off them, particularly the former, is the most dangerous navigation on the
coast of the United States. Cape Fear is on an island off the mouth of
Cape Fear river. For 60 or 80 miles from the shore, the country is level ;
the streams are sluggish, and there are many swamps and marshes. The
soil is sandy and poor, excepting on the margins of the streams, where it
is frequently very fertile. The natural growth of this region is mostly the
pitch-pine. This tree affords tar, pitch, turpentine, and lumber, which
constitute an important part of the exports of the state. In the swamps
rice of a fine quality is raised. Back of the flat country, and extending
to the lower falls of the rivers, is a belt of land about 40 miles wide, of
a moderately uneven surface, a sandy soil, and of which the pitch-pine is
the prevailing natural growth. Above the falls the country is hilly, the
'streams have a more rapid current, and the country is more fertile, pro-
ducing wheat, rye, flax, oats, and barley. The western part of the state
is an elevated table-land, about 1,800 feet above the level of the sea,
with some high ranges and very elevated summits. Black Mountain, in
Yancy county, 6,476 feet high, is the highest land in the United States
east of the Rocky Mountains. Roan Mountain is 6,038 feet, and Grand-
father Mountain is 5,556 feet high. Throughout the state Indian corn is
raised, and in some parts considerable cotton. In the low country, grapes,
plums, blackberries, and strawberries grow spontaneously; and on the
intervals canes grow luxuriantly, the leaves of which, continuing green
during winter, furnish food for cattle. In the elevated country, oak.
walnut, lime, and cherry trees, of a large growth, abound.
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA. 139
The principal rivers are the Chowan. 400 miles long, navigable for
small vessels 30 miles ; Roanoke ; Pamlico, navigable for 30 miles ; Tar ;
Neuse ; Cape Fear, the largest river in the state, 280 miles long, with
eleven feet of water to Wilmington ; the Yadkin, which forms a part
of the Great Pedee in South Carolina.
The constitution of this state was adopted in December, 1776, and re-
vised in 1835. The senate and house of commons are elected biennially
by the people. The senate consists of 50 members, and the house of com-
mons of 120, The senate is chosen by districts, the number being
apportioned by the amount of state taxes paid. The members of the
hou.se of commons are apportioned among the counties according to their
population. The governor is chosen for two years by the qualified voters,
and is eligible only four years in six. There is an executive council of 7
members, chosen biennially by a joint vote of both houses. In case
of the death of the governor, his duties devolve upon the speaker of the
Senate. The judges of the Supreme Court are chosen by a joint-ballot
of both houses of the legislature, and hold their office during good
behavior. The attorney-general is appointed by the legislature for
4 years. The right of suffrage extends to all free white persons 21 years
of age, who have been inhabitants of the state for twelve months previous
to the election ; but in order to vote for a senator, a freeman must possess
a freehold of 50 acres of land. The legislature meets biennially at
Raleigh, on the second Monday of November, and the governor is chosen
in August preceding.
There are three colleges in the state, viz. : The University of North
Carolina, at Chapel Hill ; Davidson College, in Mecklenburg county ;
and Wake Forest College, at Forestville. There are 145 academies and
637 common schools.
The first permanent settlement in this state was on the eastern bank of
the Chowan river, about 1660, by emigrants who, in consequence of
religious persecution, fled from Nansemond, Virginia. The constitu-
tion of the United States was adopted in convention, Nov. 27th, 1789
yeas 193, nays 75.
RALEIGH, the capital of the state, is pleasantly situated, a few miles
west of Neuse river, 27 NW. Smithfield, the nearest ordinary point of
navigation, 164 SSW. Richmond, Va., 288 from Washington. Popula-
tion 2,500. In the centre of the city is Union Square, containing ten
acres, from which extend four streets, dividing it into four quarters. In
the centres of these quarters are four other squares, of four acres each.
The four largest streets are 99 feet wide, and the others 66. The State-
house is a superb granite edifice, built after the model of the Parthenon at
Athens. It is 166 feet long, 90 feet wide, and surrounded by massive
granite columns, 5 feet in diameter, and 30 feet high. Besides the above,
the city contains a court-house, governors house, a theatre, two banks,
4 academies, five churches, and 400 dwellings. The North Carolina
Literary, Scientific, and Military Academy has 3 professors and about 50
students. The former state-house, containing a beautiful marble statue
of Washington, by Canova, was burned in 1831. Wake Forest College
is at Forestville, 15 miles from Raleigh. It was founded in 1838, and
has a president, 3 professors, 25 students, and 4,700 volumes in its
libraries. The commencement is on the third Thursday in June. Cars
arrive from, and depart daily for Richmond, Va., via Gaston and
Petersburg. Stages leave daily for Columbia, S. C.. via FayettemUc ;
tftree times a week for Greensboro ; for Salisbury ; and for Goldsboro.
140 STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA.
WELDON is situated on the right bank of Roanoke river, at the Great
falls, at the head of navigation, and 95 miles from Raleigh. It contains.
two churches, an academy, and about 300 inhabitants. Halifax, seven
miles below the falls, on the Roanoke, contains a court-house, a bank, two
churches, an academy, and 500 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, and de-
part daily for Wilmington ; for Richmond, Va. ; and for Norfolk.
EDENTON is situated near the mouth of Chowan river, on Edenton
bay, which set* up from Albemarle Sound, eighty-six miles by land
from Norfolk. It contains an elegant court-house, a bank, an academy,
two churches, and about 1,600 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week
for Norfolk, Va. ; and for Ncwbern via Plymouth.
ELIZABETH CITY, situated on the right bank of Pascotank river,
contains a court-house, an academy, 2 churches, and 2,000 inhabitants.
TARBORO, situated on the right bank of Tar river, at the head ot
steamboat navigation, has a court-house, a bank, two churches, an
academy, and about 600 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week fur
Raleigh and for Washington.
WASHINGTON, situated on the left bank of Tar river, at the head ot
ship navigation, has a court-house, a church, an academy, and 1,200
inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Raleigh ; and for Newbern.
NEWBERN, situated on Neuse river at the junction of Trent river,
126 miles from Raleigh, was formerly the capital of the state. It is
more healthy than most other places in the state so near the seaboard.
It contains a court-house, a theatre, a Masonic-hallj two banks, three
churches, four academies, and 4,000 inhabitants. Stages leave three
times a week for Raleigh ; for Tarboro ; for Plymouth ; and for Beaufort.
BEAUFORT, situated on North river, eleven miles from Cape Lookout,
and 170 from Raleigh, has a good harbor for vessels drawing not more than
14 feet water. It contains a court-house, a Masonic-hall, a female seminary,
a male seminary, a church, and 1,200 inhabitants. The harbor ie defended
by Fort Macon, on Bogue Point. Stages leave 3 times a week for Raleigh.
WILMINGTON lies on the left bank of Cape Fear river, at the head of
ship navigation, 35 miles from the ocean, and 136 from Raleigh. It is
the most commercial and populous town in the state. It has a court-
house, two banks, an academy, 2 churches, and about 5.000 inhabitants.
Cars arrive from, and depart daily fur Richmond, Va., and Washington ;
and also for Norfolk, Va,. (See routes 351 and 352.) Steamboats daily to
and from Charleston, S. C.
FAYETTEVILLE is situated on the right bank of Cape Fear river, 88
miles from Wilmington. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court-
house, two banks, 3 churches, 4 academies, a United States arsenal of
construction, several extensive cotton factories and mills, and 4,500 in-
habitants. It has several times suffered severely by tire. The river is
navigable for steamboats to this place ; and it commands an extensive
trade with the interior. Stages leave daily for Raleigh, and for Cheraw,
S. C. ; 3 times a week for Warsaw ; and twice a week for Salisbury.
WARRENTON is situated on a branch of Tar river, 62 miles northeast
from Raleigh. It has a court-house, a church, an academy, and 700 in-
habitants. The Shocco White Sulphur Springs are twelve miles from
Warrenton. The waters contain sulphureted hydrogen gas, carbonic
acid gas, sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of lime, oxide of iron, muriate
of soda, and carbonate of lime : they have been found beneficial in cases
of dyspepsia, liver complaint, and diseases of the skin, Stages leave the
If'arrcnton depot daily Jot the Spi-iugs. (See route 341.)
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA.
CHAPKL HILL is situated 28 miles from Raleigh, between the branches
of New Hope river. It is the seat of the University of North Carolina,
founded in 1789. Its edifices, five in number, are built of brick, and con-
tain, besides the libraries, a chemical apparatus and mineralogical cabinet.
It has a president,, 7 professors, 2 tutors, 777 alumni, 156 students, and 12,000
volumes in its libraries, j The commencement is on the 1 first Thursday in
June. The village has about 300 inhabitants.
GREENSBORO' is situated on a branch of Haw river, 82 miles from
Raleigh. It contains a court-house, a church, the Caldwell Institute, an
academy, and about 700 inhabitants. Rockingham. Springs, 24 miles
from Greensboro', are on one of the north branches of Haw river. The
waters are in much repute. Stages leave Greensboro 1 3 times a week for
Raleigh;- -for Milton; for Danville, VOL.; for Wythemlle, Va. ; for
Knoxville, Term.; and for Salisbury.
SALEM, on a branch of Yadkin river, is a pretty village extending for a
mile and a half mostly on one street, shaded with trees. It has a church,
a Moravian academy, a bank, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Twenty-four
miles NW. from Salem is the Pilot Mountain, a regular cone, rising to
the height of 1,750 feet above the surrounding plain, and terminating in a
liuge rock called the Pinnacle. (See route 344.)
SALISBURY is situated on a branch of Yadkin river, 115 miles from
Raleigh, at the great central point of travel in the western part of the state.
The village has a church, a court-house, an academy, and 700 inhabitants.
Here is an ancient stone wall, laid in cement, from 12 to 14 feet high and 22
inches thick, which reaches to within a foot of the surface ; and the length
of what has been discovered is about 300 feet. The object, time, and
purpose of its construction are uncertain. Stages leave 3 times a week
for Raleigh ; for Danville, Va. ; for Knoxville, Tenn. ; for Columbia,
S. C. ; for C/ieraw ; and for Fayetteville.
CHARLOTTE is situated a few miles east from the Catawba river, and
158 from Raleigh. It contains a court-house, a branch of the United
States Mint, 4 churches, and 1.000 inhabitants. East of the village are a
number of very productive gold mines. About twenty miles from Charlotte
is Davidson College, founded in 1838. It has a president, two profes-
sors, 31 alumni, 49 students, and 1,200 volumes in its libraries. The
commencement is on the last Thursday in June. Stages leave three times
a week for Salisbury; and for Columbia, S. C.
LINCOLNTON, beautifully situated on the left bank of the Little Catawba
river, 172 miles from Raleigh, has a court-house, three churches, two
academies, and 900 inhabitants. There are in the vicinity several ex-
tensive mills and manufactories of cotton, iron, and paper. The Catawba
Springs are 14 miles east from Lincolnton. The waters contain sulphate
of magnesia and lime. The scenery in this part of the state is truly
beautiful. Twenty miles west from Lincolnton ure the Shelby Sulphur
142 STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
Sprinffs, the waters of which are very similar to the Sulphur springs *>f
Virginia. Stages leave Lincolnton 3 times a week for Salisbury ; and fur
Jlshville ; and twice a week for Camden, S. C.
ASHVILLE is situated on the right bank of French Broad river, 250
miles from Raleigh. It is in a healthy and beautiful mountain region, and
lias a court-house, an academy, two churches, and 700 inhabitants. A
few miles southwest from the village is a sulphur spring much frequented.
The Warm Springs are situated on the left bank of French Broad river,
34 miles from AshvilJe. The temperature of the Springs is from 96 t.>
100 Fahrenheit, and the waters contain the muriates and sulphates of
lime and magnesia, are limpid, and emit nitrogen gas. Chronic rheuma-
tism and paralysis have been cured by drinking the water, and by fre-
quent outward applications. Stages leave Jlshville 3 times a week for
Raleigh via Salisbury , for Columbia, S. C. ; and for Nashville via
Knoxville.
r* SOUTH CAROLINA is situated between 32 2
^ and 35 10' N. lat., and between 78 24' and 83 30'
^ VV. Ion. It is 200 miles long and 125 broad, con-
\ taining about 25,000 square miles. Population in 1840,
I 594,398.
The seacoast is bordered with a chain of islands,
between which and the shore there is a very convenient
> navigation. The main land is naturally divided into
* the Lower and Upper country. The low country ex
tends from 80 to 100 miles from the seacoast, and is covered with ex-
tensive forests of pitch-pine, called pine barrens, interspersed with marshes
and swamps of a rich soil. The banks of the large rivers, and the creeks
of this region, are bordered with a belt of excellent land, producing cotton
and Indian corn in abundance. The marshes and swamps in this district
make fine rice plantations. After leaving the low country, in proceeding
into the interior, you first pass through a region of little sand-hills, which
have been compared to the arrested waves of the sea in a storm. This
curious country, sorr-etimes denominated the Middle Country, continues
for 50 or 60 miles, till you arrive at the Ridge or Upper country, the
ascent to which, proceeding from the Atlantic, is sudden and somewhat
precipitous. The lower falls of the rivers are found along this ridge. The
low grounds between the sand-hills are suitable for agriculture and
pasturage; but with these exceptions, the country below the ridge is bar-
ren, and scarcely worth cultivation. Beyond the ridge commences a beau
tiful and healthy country of hills and dales, with fine flowing streams ol
pure water. This whole region may he regarded as an elevated table-
land, and is generally fertile. In the distance of 220 miles NVV. from
STATE OF SOUTH CAROLIXA. 143
Charleston, the land is 800 feet above the level of the sea. From this
the country rises gradually to a mountainous region to the west, where
the great Alleghany range pusses through the state, in several ridges,
some of which have high peaks. Tahle Mountain, one of the most
conspicuous of these, is 4,000 feet above the level of the sea. The
staple productions of the state are cotton and rice, great quantities
of which are exported. Rice is extensively cultivated where the land
can be irrigated by the tide or the overflowing of the rivers. The sea-
island cotton, produced in the islands along the shores, is of a superior
quality, and is in great demand.
The Great Pedee river, 450 miles long, rises in North Carolina, and
runs through the eastern part of the state. It is navigable for sloops
130 miles. The Santee, formed by the junction of the Wateree and
the Congaree, rises in North Carolina, and has a sloop navigation for
about 130 miles. The Saluda is a branch of the Congaree. The Edisto
in navigable for large boats 100 miles. The Savannah washes the whole
southwest border of the state, and is a noble stream. There are several
smaller rivers, among which are Cooper, Ashley, and Combahee.
The literary institutions in this state are the College of South Carolina,
at Columbia ; Charleston College, at Charleston ; the Medical School, at
Charleston ; and three theological institutions. There are about 120
academies or grammar schools, and 600 common schools.
The constitution was formed in 1775, and reconstructed in 1790. The
governor is elected for two years by a joint vote of both houses of the as-
sembly. After having served one term, he is ineligible for the next four
years. A lieutenant-governor is chosen in the same manner and for the
same period. The Senate consists of 45 members, elected by districts for
four years. The House of Representatives consists of 124 members, np-
portioned among the several districts according to the number of white
inhabitants and taxation, and are elected for two years. The representa-
tives and one half the senators are chosen every second year, in October.
The legislature meets annually in Columbia, on the fourth Monday in
November. The chancellor and judges of the Supreme Court are chosen
by the joint ballot of both houses of the Assembly, and hold their offices
during good behavior. Every free white male citizen 21 years of age,
who has resided in the state two years immediately preceding the
election, and who is possessed of a freehold of 50 acres of land or a town-
lot, six months before the election ; or not possessing this freehold, who
shall have resided in the election district in which he offers to vote,
six months before the election, and have paid a tax of three shillings
sterling to the support of the government, has the right of suffrage.
The first settlement of this state was made at Port Royal, in 1670.
The constitution of the United States was adopted in convention, May
23d, 1788 yeas 149, nays 73.
COLUMBIA, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of the
Congaree river, immediately below the junction of Broad and Saluda
rivers, 130 miles from Charleston. From the river there is a gradual
ascent for one mile, reaching to a height of 200 feet, where it spreads out
into a plain of two or three miles in extent, descending on every side.
On this plain the city is built. It is regularly laid out into wide and
handsome streets, and extensively planted with trees. It has a state-
house 170 feet long, 60 wide, and two stories high; a court-house, town-
hall, mnrket-house, two banks, a theatre, an academy, a female seminary,
an asylum, 6 churches, and 4,400 inhabitants. Columbia is also the
144 STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA.
seat of South Carolina College, founded in 1804, which has a president
and 6 professors or other instructors, 150 students, and 15,000 volumes in
its libraries. The commencement is on the first Monday in December.
Its buildings are commodious, and contain a philosophical apparatus and
an observatory. The Southern Theological Seminary, founded in 1831,
has two professors, 16 students, and 4,000 volumes in its libraries. A
bridge here crosses the Congaree river. Steamboats ply between this place
and Charleston. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Charleston.
Stages leave daily for Raleigh via Cheraw ; 3 times a week for Augusta,
Ga. ; for Greenville ; forYorkville : twice a week for Rutherfordton, JV*. C.
CHAKI/ESTON, the metropolis, is situated in 32 46' 33" N. lat., and 79
57' 27" W. Ion., 580 miles from Baltimore, and 765 from New York.
Population in 1840, 29,261 ; to which may properly be added the in-
habitants of the " Neck" north of the city, but lying without its chartered
limits, which contains 11,876; these added to the city population make a
total of 41,137 inhabitants. Charleston is on a peninsula formed by the
confluence of Ashley and Cooper rivers, which unite immediately below
the city, and form a spacious and convenient harbor, communicating with
the ocean at Sullivan's Island, seven miles southeast of the city. The
city is defended by Fort Pinckney, two miles below, and Fort Johnson, 4
miles, and by Fort Moultrie on Sullivan's Island. The ground on which
the city is built is elevated eight or nine feet above the level of the harbor
at high tide. The streets generally run parallel to each other from east to
west, extending from river to river, and these are crossed by others, nearly
at right angles. The houses are neatly built, many of them of brick, and
some of wood neatly painted, having piazzas extending to the roof, beau-
tifully ornamented with vines. The houses in the suburbs have fine
gardens abounding in orange, peach, and other ornamental or useful trees,
and a profusion of vines and shrubbery.
The public buildings are a city-hall, an exchange, a court-house, jail,
custom-house, a state citadel, a guard-house, two arsenals, a college, a
medical college, an almshouse, an orphan asylum, a theatre, 7 banks, 26
churches, 16 academies, and 2 high schools.
The Charleston College, founded in 1795, has a president and four pro-
fessors or other instructors, 67 alumni, 50 students, and 3,000 volumes in
its libraries. The commencement is on the Tuesday after the fourth
Monday in March. It has a fine edifice. The Medical College of the
State of South Carolina, founded in 1833, has 8 professors, and 158
students. The lectures commence on the second Monday in November.
It is a highly respectable institution. The Guard-house is a fine edifice,
occupied by a military company of about 100 persons, some of them
mounted, who patrol the streets during the night. The Citadel, formerly
used for this purpose, is now a military school, under the patronage of
STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 145
the state. The Orphan Asylum accommodates 250 orphans and des-
titute children. The Literary and Philosophical Society has a fine col-
lection of objects in natural history. The Apprentices' Library contains
10,000 volumes, and sustains annually a course of scientific lectures.
The City Library contains about 18,000 volumes. Sullivan's Island, 7
miles below the city, and at the entrance of the harbor, was the scene of
important military events during the war of the Revolution. The city
was founded in 1680, and chartered in 1783. Steamboats arrive from,
and depart daily for Wilmington, JV. C. ; and there are lines to Savan-
nah, Ga., and to St. Augustine, Fl. Cars arrive from, and depart daily
for Columbia ; for Mobile, via Augusta, Ga. ; Atlanta ; West Point ;
and Montgomery, Ala. ; and for Memphis, Tenn., via Gunter's Landing,
and Florence. Stages leave for Georgetown, forCamden, and for Savannah.
The Eutaw Springs, 50 miles from Charleston, are more celebrated as
the scene of a fierce Revolutionary battle than for their medicinal prop-
erties. The water rises through a small opening in the earth, a few
inches in diameter, and immediately forms a basin a few feet deep and
about 300 feet around ; thence it percolates through a ridge of porous lime-
stone, and at a short distance bubbles up and forms the head of Eutaw creek.
GEORGETOWN is situated on the right bank of the Great Pedee river, at
its entrance into Winyaw bay, 9 miles from the ocean and 152 from
Columbia. It contains a court-house, a bank, an academy, 4 churches, a
public library, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The neighborhood is the
scene of many of Marion's achievements ; and on North Island, the sum-
mer retreat of the city people, La Fayette landed on his first visit to this
country. Steamboats ply to Wilmington, JV. C., and to Charleston.
Stages leave for Chernw, and for Charleston.
CHERAW is beautifully situated on the right bank of the Great Pedee,
on a plain elevated 100 feet above the river, 03 miles from Columbia.
The river is navigable to this place for steamboats. It contains a town-
hall, a bank, 2 academies, 5 churches, and 1,000 inhabitants. Steamboats
ply to Georgetown. Stages leave daily for Columbus, and for Raleigh.
CAMDEN is handsomely situated on a plain, one mile from the east
bank of Wateree river, and 33 miles from Columbia. The river is
navigable for boats of 70 tons to the town. Camden contains an elegant
court-house, a city-hall, an academy, four
churches, a bank, a Masonic-hall, a public
library, and about 2,300 inhabitants. A bat-
tle was fought here Aug. 16, 1780, between
the armies under Gen. Gates and Lord Corn- ,
wallis; and another April 23d, 1781, between '
Gen. Greene and Lord Rawdon. On De
Kalb-street, opposite the Presbyterian Church,
is an elegant monument erected to the memory
of Baron De Kalb, the corner-stone of which ~ f ^^ f ^ r ^^,^ J ^-
was laid by La Fayette in 1825. Two miles west from Camden is a large
Indian mound, supposed to mark the site of an ancient town of the
Catawhas. Stages leave daily for Columbia ; for Cheraw ; and for
Salisbury, JV. C. ; and twice a week for Charleston.
CHESTERVILLE is situated 57 miles from Columbia, on a lofty and
beautiful elevation, between Catawba and Broad rivers. It contains a
court-house, an academy, and 500 inhabitants. From its commanding and
secure position, the town has been likened to a fortress of the baronial
days. Stages leave 3 times a week for Columbia ; and for Charlotte, JV C.
7
146
STATE OF GEORGIA.
SPARTANBURGH is situated on a branch of Brond river, and contains a
court-house, several churches, an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants, Glenn
Sulphur Springs, twelve miles southeast from Spartanburgh, have a
high reputation for the cure of cutaneous affections, and are much fre-
quented. The waters of Cedar Spring are famous for their medicinal,
qualities, particularly in rheumatism, ulcers, and even in fever and ague.
The Pacolet Springs are also much resorted to, as are the Jjimestone
Springs, all of which are in Spartanburgh district ; and al-so the famous
battle ground of Cowpens. Stages leave 3 times a week for Columbia ;
for Greenville ; and for JAncolnton, .W. C.
GREENVILLE is beautifully situated on a gently undulating plain, 107
miles from Columbia. Reedy river runs beside it, and forms near it
several beautiful cascades. The village is regularly laid out, and is re-
markably healthy. It has a handsome brick court-house, a library, sev-
eral houses of public worship, a male and female academy, and 1,500 in-
habitants. In the north part of the district are numerous picturesque
spurs of the Blue Ridge, cataracts, &c. Stages leave 3 times a week fur
Columbia; for Jtngustn, Ga. ; for Knoxville, Tenn., via Jlshville, JV.
C. : and twice a icevkftrr Spartanburgh.
BEAUFORT is situated at the head of Port Royal river, 75 miles from
Charleston. Its harbor is spacious and one of the best in the state ; it
has 3 churches, an academy, a library, and 1,600 inhabitants. Steamboats
ply to Charleston, and to Savannah, Ga.
GEORGIA lies between 30 30' and 35" N. lat., and
3j between 80 50' and86 u 6'W. Ion. from Greenwich, and
S between 3 U 52' and 8 47' W. Ion. from Washington.
It is 300 miles long from north to south, and 240 broad,
containing 58,000 square miles. Its population in 1840
wa* 091,392; in 1845, 774,325.
From the ocean for a distance of seven miles, there
is a chain of islands intersected by rivers, creeks, and
inlets, communicating with each other, and forming an
inland navigation for vessels of 100 tons burden, along the whole const.
These islands consist of salt marsh, and kind of a gray rich soil, winch
produces sea-island cotton of a superior quality. The coast on the mam
land for four or five miles is a salt marsh. Back of this there is a narrow
margin of land, nearly resembling that of the islands ; these are partially
or wholly overflowed at the return of the tide, and constitute the rice
plantations. Then commence the pine-barrens, which reach from 60 to 90
miles from the coast. Beyond this is the country of sand hills, 30 or 40
miles wide, interspersed with fertile tracts, and extending to the lower
falls of the rivers. The part of the state above the falls of the rivers is
STATE OF GEORGIA.
147
called the Upper Country, and has generally n strong and fertile soil, often
inclining to a red color, and further inland it is mixed with a deep black
mould, producing cotton, tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, and other kinds of
grain. Black walnut and mulberry trees grow abundantly in this soil
The forests produce oak, pine, hickory, and cedar.
The rivers are the Savannah, b'OO miles long, bounding the state
on the JXE., navigable for ships 17 miles to Savannah, and a part of the
year for steamboats, 250 miles to Augusta; the Altamaha, which is
navigable for large vessels 12 miles to Uarien, is formed by the junction
of the Gconee and theOcmulgee, and is navigable for sloops of 30 tons,
by the former, to Dublin, 300 miles from the ocean; the Ogeechee, 200
miles long, and navigable for sloops 40 miles; Fliat river, which rises
in the NW. part of the state, and after a course of more than 200 miles
joins the Chattahoochee, forming the Apalachicola ; the Chattahoochee
on the west border of the state, which is navigable 300 miles by steamboat
to Columbus ; the St Mary's river, in the southwest part of the state.
The first constitution of Georgia was formed in 1777 ; a second in 1785'
and the present in 1798, and amended in 1839. The governor is elected by
the people, and holds his office two years. The senate consists of 47 mem-
bers, I for each district composed of two counties, except the county con-
taining the largest population, which elects 1 member. The House of
Representatives is composed of 130 members : the 37 counties having the
largest number of inhabitants are entitled to 2 members each, and the re-
mainder 1 each. The legislature meets biennially on the 1st Monday in No-
vember (odd years) at Milledgeville. All the free white male inhabitants,
who shall have resided within the county in which they vote, six months
preceding the election, and shall have paid taxes in the state for the
year previous, have the right of suffrage. The judges of the Superior
Court are elected for 3 years by the legislature, and the judges of the in-
ferior courts and justices of the peace are elected annually by the people.
The colleges in this state are the University of Georgia, at Athens;
Oglethorpe College, at Midway; Emory College, at Oxford ; the Georgia
Female College, at Macon ; Mercer College, at Penfield ; Christ College,
at Montpelier; Brownwood University, near La Grange; Collinworth
Institute, near Talbotton ; and there are 180 academies and 630 schools.
The hrst settlement in the state was made at Savannah, in 1733. In
convention, Georgia adopted the constitution of the United States, Jan.
2cl, 1798, by a unanimous vote.
SAVANNAH, the metropolis and the largest ci'y in the state, is in 32 4'
50" N. Int., and 81 & 18" W. Ion., 90 miles from Charleston, 120 from
Augusta, and 158 from Milledgeville. Population in 1840, 11,214. It
is situated on the right bank of Savannah river, 17 miles fV<-.m its entrance
into the Atlantic. Owing to the safety of the channel pi
entering the harbor, it is rendered one of the finest in fig
the southern states. Vessels requiring 13 feet of w"
load at the wharves of the city. The plain on which!
the city is built is elevated forty feet above the river, a
and is almost a perfect level, and the streets cross f
each other regularly at right angles. Eighteen public
squares nre laid out, and are bordered with trees, par J
ticularly the pride of India, which add much to thf [
beauty of the place. The houses are many of them fine I
buildings. The Pulaski Monument, a beautiful Doric obelisk, standing
in the centre of one of the public squares, was erected in 1825, to the
148 STATE OF GEORGIA.
memories of GREENE and PULASKI. It is built of white marble, and ia
53 feet in height.
The city contains a court-house, an exchange, an arsenal, a guard-house,
the United States barracks, a theatre, an asylum, a widows' asylum, 13
churches, a market-house, an hospital, several fine banking-houses, 3 acad-
emies, a public library, an historical eociety, several charitable societies, and
a number of extensive mills and manufactories. It is a great cotton mart.
The city was founded in 1733, and incorporated in 1761. Steamboats ply
to Charleston, and St. Augustine. Cars arrive from., and depart daily
for Atlanta via J\Iacon, from whence a daily line of stages leaves for
Columbus ; and for Augusta, taking stages at Brinsonville depot.
Stages leave twice a week for St. Augustine, Ft., via Darien ; and for
Charleston, S. C.
MILLEDGEVILLE, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of
Oconee river, at the head of steamboat navigation, 158 miles from Sa-
vannah. Population 2,100. The city is built on uneven ground, with
streets running parallel with the river, and crossed by others at right
angles. Tiie State-house stands on an eminence in a public square, three-
fourths of a mile from the river; it is a tasteful edifice of the Gothic
order of architecture. The Representatives Hall is 60 by 54 feet, and con-
tains full-length portraits of La Fayette and Gen. Oglethorpe ; the Senate-
chamber has portraits of Washington and Jefferson. The other public
buildings are, a governor's house, 3 churches, 3 banks, an academy, a
> market-house, an arsenal,
j and a magazine. Ogle-
1 thorpe College, founded in
1 1836, is situated in Med-
I way village, near the city.
I It has a president, 5 pro-
fessors or other instructors,
j 125 students, and 2,000
I volumes in its libraries.
The commencement is on the Wednesday after the second Monday in No-
vember. Stages leave MUledgeville daily for Columbus via Macon ;
for Augusta via fVarrenton ; and, for Savannah, (from Emmet de-
pot by railroad ;) three times a week for Madison ; and also for Haw-
kinvvillc.
AUGUSTA is situated on the right bank of Savannah river, at the head
of steamboat navigation, 127 miles from Savannah. The city is regularly
laid out and handsomely built, chiefly with brick, the streets being orna-
mented with trees, and many of the houses are spacious and elegant. It con-
tains a city-hall, court-house, a theatre, an hospital, a medical college,
a female asylum, an arsenal, 7 churches, 3 academies, and 6,500 in-
habitants. The Medical College of Georgia, founded in 1830, has seven
professors, 115 students, and 124 graduates. The lectures commence on
the second Monday in November. Cars arrive from, and depart daily
for Atlanta ; from thence by stage and railroad to Montgomery, Ala. ;
(see route 387;) for Memphis, Tenn., via Atlanta, Giinter's Landing,
Ala. , and Tuscumbia. Stages leave daily for Savannah via Brinsonville ;
from thence in railroad cars to Savannah.
ATHENS situated on the right bank of Oconee river, 75 miles from
Milledgeville, contains 4 churches and about 3,000 inhabitants. It is the
seat of the Georgia University, founded in 1785, which has a president,
6 professors, 515 alumni, 77 students, 19,000 volumes ia its libraries, and
STATE OF GEORGIA. 149
R very complete philosophical apparatus. The commencement is on the
first Wednesday in August. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for
Jluff-usta. Stages leave 3 times a week for Covington ; for Gainesville ;
and fur Clarkesville via Madison Springs.
The Madison Springs are twenty-five miles from Athens, on a branch
of Broad river. The waters are strongly impregnated with iron, and have
been found efficacious in many complaints. There is here a spacious
hotel with good accommodations.
CLARKESVILLE, on the head waters of the Chattahoochee river, has a
court-house, two churches, an academy, and about 300 inhabitants. The
Tallulah Falls, a beautiful cascade, are within twelve miles of Clarkes-
ville ; and the surrounding scenery is exceedingly picturesque. Stages
leave 3 times a week for Athens via Madison Springs ; for Madtsonville,
Tenn. ; and for rfshville, JV. C.
DAHLONEGA is in a very picturesque situation between the Chestatee
and Etowah rivers. It has a court-house, a branch of the Mint of the
United States, and 300 inhabitants. Stages leave twice a week for Athens
via Gainesville.
ROME is beautifully situated on the point formed by the junction of the
Etowah and Oostanaula rivers. It has a court-house, two churches, an
academy, and 400 inhabitants. In the vicinity of Rome are many arti-
ficial mounds and excavations, of which there is no authentic history or
tradition. Stages leave 3 times a week for Gainesville ; for Columbus ;
for Montgomery, Ma. ; and for Huntsville.
M ACON lies at the head of steam navigation, on Ocmulgee river, built on both
sides of the stream, but chiefly on the right bank, the parts being connected
by a bridge 389 feet long. The streets are regularly laid out and very wide.
It has a large and handsome court-house, a market-house, two banks, five
churches, a college, 3 academies, and 4,000 inhabitants. A great amount
of cotton is shipped from this place. In 1822 there was but a single house
standing where the city is now built. The Georgia Female College,
chartered in 1836, opened on the 7th of Jan., 1839, has a president, four
professors, and several other teachers, and over 100 students. The term
commences on the first Monday in October, and continues ten months.
Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Savannah ; for Memphis via
Atlanta, Gunter's Landing, Ma., and Tuscumbia. Stages leave daily for
Jlugvsta via Milledgeville ; and for Columbus ; three times a week
for Madison ; and for Pensacola, Fl. , via Albany, Bainbridge, and Chat-
tahoochee, Fl.
The Indian Springs, the most fashionable watering-place in Georgia,
are situated on a small branch of Ocmulgee river, 52 miles from Milledge-
ville. The waters are sulphurous, and have been found efficacious in
rheumatic and cutaneous complaints. There are here ample accommoda-
tions for visitors. Stages leave daily for Madison; and for Columbus.
(See route 388.)
COLUMBUS is situated on the left bank of Chattahoochee river, at the
head of steamboat navigation, 284 miles from Savannah. The city is
built on ground 60 feet above the ordinary height of the river, and
immediately below the falls, which are a succession of rapids, descending
111 feet within a few miles. Here are a court-house, 4 banks, a market-
house, 5 churches, an academy, five schools, a number of mills and cotton
factories, and 4,000 inhabitants. Many of the public buildings are in a
style of superior elegance, and the prosperity and growth of the city aro
remarkable. In the year 1827, it was the council-town of the Cowetas, an
150
STATE OF FLORIDA.
Indian tribe. It has an extensive cotton trade, employing a large number
of steamboats. Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Savannah,
taking cars at Macon ; for Augusta via Indian Springs, and Madison ;
and for Montgomery, Ala., taking railroad cars at Chehnw.
LA GRANGE is situated six miles east of the Chattahoochee rivwr
on a small stream, and 121 miles from Milledgeville. The village
has a court-house, three churches, an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants.
Several lines of stages pass through daily for Atlanta ; and for Mont
g ornery, Ma.
The White Sulphur Springs are nine miles from Greenville, and 35 from
Columbus. These springs are situated in a very picturesque region, and
their waters are various, " the white sulphur, the strong and mild chuly
beate," &c. Stages arrive from, and depart for Columbus three times
a week ; and also for Greenville.
FLORIDA lies between 25 and 31 C N. lat., and be-
i tween 80" and 87 35' W T . Ion. It is 385 miles long,
and from 50 to 250 wide, containing 56,000 square
miles. Population in 1840, 54,477.
The face of the country is uneven ; but nowhere ele-
vated over 300 feet above the sea. The whole extent
of the coast is indented with bays and lagoons. A
^ large portion of the country is covered with pine
*-** forests, the trees of which, standing at n considerable
distance from each other, without brush or underwood, afford an oppor-
tunity for the grass and flowers to spread with luxuriance over the surface
of the earth during the whole year. The borders of the streams are
usually skirted by hammocks of hard timber, entangled with grape and
other vines. A large portion of Florida consists of what are usually
denominated " pine-barrens," and much of it is sterile, though there
are extensive tracts of table-land, hammock, and swamp, of the richest
soil, and well adapted to the cultivation of sugar, rice, cotton, Indian
corn, tobacco, and fruits. A considerable quantity of the pine-land
is equally rich, and even the barrens afford extensive ranges of graz-
ing-land, usually intersected with streams of pure water. Many parts
of the state abound in yellow-pine and live-oak timber. The seacoast
is generally healthy, and in many parts remarkably so ; and the in-
terior is equally healthy, unless it be in the neighborhood of extensive
marshes.
The peninsula, which is the southern portion of the state, presents a
singular alternation of savannahs, hammocks, lagoons, &c., called col-
STATE OF FLORIDA. 151
ectively the Everglades, which extend into the heart of the country for
200 miles north of Cape Sable. They are drained on the north by the St.
John's river, and on the west by Macaco, or Charlotte river.
There are many bays on the western side of the peninsula, some of
which form good harbors. They are Perdido, Pensacola, Choctawhatchee,
St. Andrews, St. Joseph, Apalachicola, Appalachee, Tampa, Carlos, and
Gallivain's. On the east coast of the peninsula, the inlets afford harbors
for coasting vessels. The St. John's is the principal river on the eastern
coast. It often spreads from three to five miles in width, and at other
places it is not more than one-fourth of a mile wide. It is exceedingly
winding, and flows through a beautiful and healthy country. St. Mary's
river rises in Okefinokee Swamp, Georgia, and enters the Atlantic be-
tween Cumberland and Amelia Islands. Of the rivers which enter the
Gulf of Mexico, the Apalachicola is the principal. It is formed by the
junction of Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, about 100 miles from the Gulf
of Mexico. The Chattahoochee branch of this river is navigable for
steamboats 280 miles to Columbus, Georgia. The other principal rivers
are, Escambia, Suwanee, Withlacoochee, Oscilla, Ocklockony, and Choc-
tawhatchee. Perdido river forms the western boundary between Florida
and Alabama. It is navigable about seven miles above the bay, is a fine
mill-stream, and its banks are covered with superior yellow-pine timber.
There are in this state several streams of limpid water which sink into the
earth and disappear ; and several which rise suddenly from the earth ;
one in particular (the Wakulla) is navigable from its very source. There is
no college in this state. It has 20 academies, and 60 common schools.
By the constitution of the state, adopted in 1838, the governor is elected
for four years, and is ineligible for the succeeding four years. In case of
vacancy, the president of the senate, or after him the speaker of the house,
acts as governor. The General Assembly is chosen on the first Monday
of October, and meets on the first Monday in November of each year.
Senators are chosen for two years, and representatives for one year.
Judges of the Supreme Court and circuit courts are appointed by the
General Assembly, at first for five years, and after that term, during good
behavior. The right of suffrage belongs to every free white male aged
21 years or upwards, who has resided in the state for two years, and in the
county for six months, and who shall be enrolled in the militia, or be
by law exempted from serving therein. The state provides for a regis-
tration of qualified voters. No minister of the gospel, and no officer in a
banking company, while he serves in the bank, nor for twelve months
afterwards, can be eligible for governor, senator, or representative.
Florida was discovered by Sebastian Cabot, sailing under the English
flag, in 1497 ; but he did not land to examine the interior of the country.
Ponce deLeon, a Spanish adventurer from Hispaniola, to some extent ex-
plored the country in 1512, and a second time in 1516. In 1539 Hernando
de Soto, who had greatly distinguished himself under Pizarro in the con-
quest of Peru, sailed from Cuba and landed at Tampa bay, in Florida,
with an armed force, with which he overran the country, though his
followers were mostly cut off, and himself died. In 1562 the French at-
tempted to establish a colony in Florida, which occasioned contests be-
tween them and the Spaniards, in which the latter were finally victorious.
In 1763, Florida was ceded to Great Britain by Spain. The Spaniards re-
conquered it in 178J, and it was confirmed to them at the peace of 1783.
In 1819, Spain ceded it to the United States, and it was admitted into the
Union as a state in 1845.
152 STATE OF FLORIDA.
TALLAHASSEE, the capital of the state, is situated on a commanding
eminence, 210 miles from St. Augustine. A fine mill-stream, flowing from
several springs, runs along the east border of the town, and falls sixteen
feet into a pool scooped out by its action ; and thence, after a short course,
it sinks into a cleft of limestone rock. The city contains a state-house, a
court-house, a market-house, a United States land-office, an academy,
Masonic-hall, three churches, and 1,800 inhabitants. It is regularly laid
out and has several public squares. Stages leave 3 times a week for St.
Jlugustine ; and for Pensacola.
ST. AUGUSTINE is situated on a peninsula, two miles from the ocean.
The ground on which the city is built is but twelve feet higher than the
sea. The houses are mostly embosomed in orange groves. The climate
is delightful; many winters pass without any frost, and the air maybe
said to equal that of Italy or the south of France. In summer it is
tempered daily by the sea breezes, and the land breezes render the even-
ings cool and pleasant ; hence it is a favorite resort of invalids from the
north. The city is in the form of a parallelogram, one mile long and
three-fourths of a mile wide, though not more than half of this extent is
compactly built. Matanzas Sound lies in front of it on the east, and,
sheltered by Anastasia Island, forms a capacious and safe harbor. St.
Augustine is the oldest city in the United States, having been first settled
by the Spaniards in 1564. Many of the streets are narrow and very
crooked. The old houses are generally two stories high, and mostly built
of shell-stone. A fine square opens from Mntanzas river, and around it
Imve been erected a neat
court-house, two churches,
I and several elegant resi-
dences. In the centre of the
| .square stands a monument,
~ dedicated to the constitution
of the Spanish Cortex. The
I !;arbor has nine feet of water
<>ver the bar at its mouth,
and is completely guarded
by Fort Marion opposite its
entrance. The fort is bomb-proof, and intended to contain 1,000 men
and 70 pieces of cannon, but is at present only used as an arsenal and
prison. The city contains 4 churches, a United States land-office, ex-
tensive barracks, and 2,500 inhabitants. The citizens are composed of
Americans, Spaniards, French, &c. Steamboats ply to Savannah and
Charleston. Stages leave 3 times a week for Tallahassee.
JACKSONVILLE is beautifully situated on the left of St. John's river,
30 miles from the ocean, and 38 miles from St. Augustine. It has a court-
house, a church, a bank, an academy, and about 800 inhabitants. Stages
leave twice a week for Darien, Ga., via St. Jllary's ; for St. Jlugustine ;
and for Tallahassee.
The White Sulphur Spring is 80 miles from Jacksonville and 120 from
Tallahassee. This spring, which is a great curiosity, risen in a basin
10 feet deep and 30 in diameter, discharges a great quantity of water, and
after a course of 100 feet enters the Suwanee river. It is so strongly im-
pregnated with sulphur that its waters may be distinguished for a con-
siderable distance from its entrance into the river. The waters have been
found highly beneficial in cases of consumption, rheumatism, dyspepsia,
liver complaints, &c. There are here a large hotel, several boarding-
STATE OF ALABAMA.
153
houses, and a fine bathing-house. Stages leave 3 times a week for
TaUaJiussee, and for Jacksonville.
PENSAOOLA is situated on Pensacola bay, ten miles from the sea, on a
sandy plain 40 feet above the water. It is regularly hud out, and has two
public squares, two churches, a court-house, market-house, a custom-
house, and 2,000 inhabitants. Eight miles below the city is the United
States Navy Yard, covering 80 acres of ground, and enclosed by a high
brick wall. It contains houses for the officers, a naval store, and
other buildings for naval purposes. Stages leave three times a week for
Mobile, Ma.; for Tallahassee; and for Bainbridge, Ga.
APALACHICOLA is on the right bank of the Apalachicola river, at its en
trance into the Gulf of Mexico. It is a great cotton mart, and has u
court-house, two banks, several churches, and about 1,500 inhabitants.
Steamboats ply on tlte river to Columbus, Ga., and also to New Orleans.
ALABAMA lies between 3() u ICX and 35 W N. Jat.,
and between 8 and 11 30' W. Ion. from Washing-
', ton. It is 317 miles long from north to south, and
174 broad, and contains 46,000 square miles. Popu-
jj Jation in 1840, 590,756.
The southern part of this state, which borders on
]T ~ the Gulf of Mexico for the space of 50 or 60 miles, is
"^- low and level, and mostly covered with pines. In
the middle it is hilly, and interspersed with prairies ;
in the north it is broken, and somewhat mountainous. The soil in the
southern part of the state is generally sandy and barren, but throughout a
large part it is excellent. In the northern and middle sections the
natural growth is post, black and white oak, hickory, poplar, cedar, ches-
nut, pine, mulberry, &c. The Alleghany Mountains terminate in the
northeast section of this state, sinking here to elevated hills. The climate
in the southern part, and in the vicinity of the bottom-lands on the
rivers, and near the Muscle Shoals in the Tennessee river, is unhealthy;
but in the more elevated portions it is salubrious. The winters are mild,
the streams being rarely frozen, und the heat of summer is tempered by
refreshing breezes from the Gulf of Mexico.
Mobile river is the principal stream in the state. It is formed by the
union of the Tombigbee and the Alabama, 40 miles above the city of
Mobile. The Alabama is a large river, and is navigable for vessels draw-
ing six feet of water to Claiborne, 60 miles above its junction ; 150 miles
further to the mouth of the Cahawba, it has 4 or 5 feet of water ; and to
the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, of which it is formed, it has in
shallowest places three feet of water. The Tombigbee is navigable for
7*
154
STATE OF ALABAMA.
schooners 120 miles to St. Stephens, and for steamboats to Columbus
Miss. It is 450 miles long, and boatable for the greater part of its course.
The Black Warrior forms a large branch of it, and is navigable to Tusca-
loosa. The Chattahoochee forms a part of the eastern boundary of the
state, and the Tennessee runs through the northern part. Alabama has
only 60 miles of seacoast. But this includes Mobile bay, which is 30
miles long and from 3 to 18 broad.
The constitution of this state was formed in 1819. The governor is
elected by the people for two years, but is eligible only four years in six.
The senators are elected for three years, and one-third are chosen every
year. Their number cannot be more than one-third nor less than a fourth
of the number of the representatives. The representatives are elected
annually, and are apportioned among the counties in proportion to their
white population. They cannot be more than 100 nor less than 60 in
number. The representatives and one-third of the senators are elected
annually, on the first Monday in August, and the day following ; and the
governor is elected biennially, at the same time. The legislature meets
annually at Tuscaloosa, on the fourth Monday in October. The judiciary
consists of a supreme court, a circuit court, and such inferior courts as
the General Assembly may, from time to time, direct and establish. The
judges are elected every six years by the joint vote of both houses of
the General Assembly. The right of suffrage is possessed by every free
white male citizen 21 years of age, who has resided within the state one
year next preceding an election, and the last three months within the
county, city, or town in which he offers his vote.
There are three colleges in this state, viz. : The University of Alabama,
at Tuscaloosa ; La Grange College, at La Grange ; and Spring Hill
College, at Spring Hill. There are in the state 120 academies and gram-
mar schools, and 650 common or primary schools.
Alabama was admitted into the Union as an independent state in 1820.
MOBILE, situated on the right bank of Mobile river, at its entrance into
Mobile bny, 30 miles from the sea, and 164 from New Orleans, is pleasantly
seated on an extended plain, 15 feet above the highest tides, and has a
beautiful prospect of the bny, from which it receives refreshing breezes.
It contains a court-house, a United States Naval Hospital, city hospital, 3
banks, a theatre. Burton Academy, 7 churches, and about 13,000 in-
habitants. The city is supplied with excellent water brought in iron pipes
from Spring Hill, two miles distant, and distributed through the city.
Next to New Orleans, it is the largest cotton market in the Union. It is
defended by Fort Morgan, situated on a low sandy point at the mouth of
the bay, opposite to Dauphin Island, and the harbor has a light-house.
Mobile was ceded by Spain to the United States in 1813. Spring Hill
College, at Spring Hill, two miles from the city, was incorporated in 1830
STATE OF ALABAMA.
155
It has a president and three professors, 70 students, and 4,000 volumes
in its libraries. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for New
Orleans, (fare $5 ;) for Montgomery ; and for Columbus, Miss.
MONTGOMERY, the capital of the state, is built on a high bluff, on the
left bank and at the head of steamboat navigation, on Alabama river, 338
miles from Mobile by the course of the river. It contains a court-house,
7 churches, two academies, and 2,250 inhabitants. The cotton shipped
from this place amounts to 40,000 bales annually. This place has very
recently been made the capital of the state, and preparations are already
in progress for building an elegant state-house. Cars arrive from, and
depart daily for Charleston, S. C., via Jltigusta and Atlanta. Steam-
boats arrive from, and depart daily for Mobile. Stages leave 3 times
a week for Columbus, Ga. ; for Rome, Ga. ; for Gunter's Landing ;
and for Tuscaloosa.
WETUMPKA, situated on the left bank of Coosa river, 15 miles from
Montgomery, contains 4 churches, an academy, the state prison, and
2,600 inhabitants. The Harrowgate Springs, in the south border of
the city, are much resorted to during the summer months. The waters
contain valuable mineral properties. (See route 423.)
EUFAULA is situated on the right bank of Chattahoochee river, 97
miles from Montgomery. It contains 2 churches, several extensive ware-
houses, and about 600 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to Columbus, Ga. ;
and also to dpalachicola.
TUSCALOOSA is situated on the southeast side of Black Warrior river, at
the lower falls, on an elevated plain at the head of steamboat navigation,
217 miles from Mobile. It was recently the capital of the state, and con-
tains a handsome state-house, a court-house, a United States Land-office,
4 churches, a Masonic-hall, an academy, an antheneum for young ladies,
a lyceum, the Alabama Institute, and 2,000 inhabitants. The streets are
spacious, regularly laid out, and neatly built. The halls of the University
of Alabama are a
mile fromthecity
This institution,
founded in 1828, j
has a president, 7 <
professors or other '
instructors, sixty-
three alumni, 60 |
students.and 6,000 ]
volumes in its li- ^
braries. The commencement takes place on the Wednesday after the
first Monday in December. Stages leave three times a week for Mo-
bile ; for Montgomery ; for Huntsville ; for Tuscumbia ; and for Co-
lumfiu*, Miss.
GAINESVILLE is situated on the right bank of Tombigbee river, 283
miles from Mobile by the course of the river. It is a great cotton mart,
and has three churches, three academies, and about 200 inhabitants.
Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Columbus, Miss., and for
Mobile. Stages leave three times a week for Columbus, Miss. ; for Jack-
nun, Miss.; and for Mobile.
DEMOPOLIS is on the left bank of the Tombigbee river, immediately be-
low the entrance of the Black Warrior, and 220 miles from Mobile. It
<-Mht;iins a United States Land-office, three churches, two academies, and
1,000 inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Co-
156 STATE OF ALABAMA.
lumbus, Miss., and for Mobile. Stages leave three times a week for
Tuscalcosa, and for Mobile.
ST. STEPHENS is on the right bank of Tombigbee river, 100 miles above
Mobile. It is, next to Mobile, the oldest town in the state, and has a United
States Land-office, two churches, an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants.
Stages leave 3 times a week for Mobile, and for Tuscaloosa.
CAHAWBA is situated on the right bank of the Alabama river, 240 miles
by water from Mobile. It was formerly the capital of the state. It now
contains a court-house, two churches, an academy, and 800 inhabitants.
Steamboats pass daily for Mobile and for Montgomery. Stages leave 3
times a week for Mobile; for Tuscaloosa ; and for Huntsville.
SELMA, sixteen miles above Cahawba, and on the same side of the
river, has three churches, two academies, and about 1,000 inhabitants.
Stages leave 3 times a week for Montgomery ; for Tuscaloosa ; and for
Columbus, Miss.
HUNTSVILLE is situated 144 miles from Tuscaloosa, and 10 miles north
of Tennessee river. A copious spring comes out at the foot of a large
rock with a force sufficient to move a forcing pump, which raises water
for supplying the village with pure cool water. The village contains a
court-house of Grecian architecture, a bank, of hewn stone, with an [onic
portico of costly and elegant workmanship, a neat market-house, a United
States Land-office, 5 churches, an academy, a seminary, and 2,500 in-
habitants. The houses are neat and tasteful, and many of them elegant.
Stages leave 3 times a week for Knoxville, Tenn. ; for Nashville ; for
Florence; for Tuscaloosa; and for Montgomery.
FLORENCE is situated on the right bank of Tennessee river, imme-
diately below the Muscle Shoals. When the water is not low, steam-
boats ascend to this place, and it has great advantages for trade. It was
laid out in 1818, on an elevated plain 100 feet above the river: the streets
are wide and handsome. It contains a court-house, a United States
Surveyor-general's office, 3 churches, two academies, and about 2,000
inhabitants.
TUSCUMBIA is on the left bank of Tennessee river, four miles below
Florence, and 346 miles north from Mobile. It contains 3 churches, 4
seminaries, several manufacturing establishments, and 2,000 inhabitants.
A most extraordinary spring here flows from a large fissure in a limestone
rock, which discharges 20,000 cubic feet of water per minute. The in-
habitants are supplied with water from the spring. Steamboat, stage, and
railroad line to Charleston, S. C. ; three times a week via Gunter'g
Landing, Atlanta, Go.., and Augusta; and stages for Memphis.
Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Maysville, Ky., via Nashville,
Tenn. ; and for Vicksburg, Miss., via Columbus and Jackson.
La Grange College is sixteen miles southeast from Tuscumbia. This
institution was founded in 1831, and is under the direction of the Metho-
dists : it has a president, 3 professors, 50 alumni, 106 students, and 2,200
volumes in its libraries.
ATHENS is situated on a small branch of Tennessee river, 25 miles west
from Huntsville, and has a court house, 2 churches, an academy, and 500
inhabitants. There are white sulphur and chalybeate springs 7 miles
north of the village, which are much frequented. Stages leave 3 times a
week for Huntsville and for Tuscumbia.
BTATE OF MISSISSIPPI. 157
MISSISSIPPI is situated between 30 1(X nnd
35 N. lat., and between 80 30' and 81 35' W. Ion.
It is 339 miles long from north to south, and .150
broad. Population in 1840, 375,651.
The southern part of the state for about 100 miles
from the Gulf of Mexico is mostly a sandy, level
pine forest, interspersed with cypress swamps, open
prairies, and inundated marshes, and a few hills of a
_ moderate elevation. This region is generally healthy,
and by cultivation produces cotton, Indian corn, sugar, indigo, &c. As
you proceed further north, the country becomes more elevated and agreeably
diversified, and the soil is a deep rich mould, producing abundantly cot-
ton, Indian corn, sweet potatoes, indigo, peaches, melons, and grapes.
The natural growth of timber consists of poplar, hickory, black-walnut,
sugar-maple, cotton-wood, magnolia, lime, and sassafras. The country
in the north part of the state is healthy and productive ; and the lands
watered by the Yazoo, through its whole course in the northwest, are
very fertile. The Mississippi river, with its various windings, forms the
entire western boundary of the state ; and its margin consists of inunda-
ted swamps covered with a large growth of timber. Back of this, the
surface suddenly rises into what are called bluffs ; and behind them the
country is a moderately elevated table-land with a diversified surface.
Cotton is the principal production of this state. The Yazoo is the
largest river that has its whole course in the state. It rises in the NW.
part, and after a course of 250 miles enters the Mississippi. The Pas-
cagoula river, after a course of 250 miles, enters the Gulf of Mexico.
At its mouth it widens into a bay. It is navigable for a considerable dis-
tance for small vessels. The Big Black river, after a course of 200
miles, enters the Mississippi just above Grand Gulf. It has a boat naviga-
tion of 50 miles. Pearl river rises in the central part of the state, and
passing through it to the south, forming in its lower part the boundary
between this state and Louisiana, enters Lake Borgne. Its navigation ia
much impeded by sand-bars and obstructions of timber. Tr\e Homochitto
is a considerable river which enters the Mississippi. Besides these, there
are a few other small rivers and creeks. A chain of low sandy islands, 6
or 7 miles from the shore, enclose several bays or sounds, the largest of
which are Pascagoula Sound and Lake Borgne.
The original constitution of this state was formed in 1817, and the
present in 1832. The governor is elected by the people for a term of two
years, and cannot hold the office more than four years out of six; and in
case of his death, resignation, or other inability, it is provided that the
president of the senate shall perform the duties of governor, until another
shall be duly qualified. The senators are elected for four years, one-half
158 STATE OF MISSISSIPPI.
of the number being chosen biennially. They cannot be less thnn one
fourth, nor more than one-third of the whole number of the representa
lives. The representatives are elected biennially, on the first Monday anrf
day following in November, and each county is entitled to one member.
The legislature meets biennially at Jackson, on the third Monday in No-
vember, ijvery free white male citizen of the United States, 21 years of
age, and who has resided in the state one year next preceding the election,
and four months in the county, city, or town in which he offers his vote, is
deemed a qualified voter.
The High Court of Errors and Appeals consists of three judges, elected
for a term of six years, one of whom is chosen biennially.
There are four colleges in this state, viz. : Jefferson College, at Wash-
ington ; Centenary College, at Jackson ; Oakland College, near Rodney ;
and Mississippi College, at Clinton. There are 80 academies and 400
schools.
In 1716 the French formed a settlement where the city of Natchez
now stands. This colony was afterwards destroyed by the Indians
in the vicinity. In 1763 the territory was ceded to Great Britain. In
1817 it was admitted into the Union as an independent state.
JACKSON, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of Pearl
river, which is navigable to this place for small craft. It is built on a
plain, a quarter of a mile from the river, is regularly laid out, and con-
tains an elegant state-house, the governor's house, the state peniten-
tiary, a United States Land-office, two churches, the buildings of Cen-
tenary College, and 2,500 inhabitants. Centenary College, founded in
1841, has a president, 5 professors, and 170 students. Cars arrive from,
and depart daily for Vicksburg. Stages leave for Nashville, Tenn., via
Columbus and Florence, Ala.', and for Gainesville; and 3 times a week
for Natchez.
NATCHEZ is situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 301 miles
from New Orleans by the course of the river. A part of the city is built
on the margin of the river, but mostly on a bluff elevated 150 feet above
the water. The ground is somewhat uneven, but the streets are regularly
laid out. The houses are- mostly of wood, many of them elegant, and
surrounded with gardens stored with fruit and finely ornamented with shrub-
bery. It has a court-house, four churches, three bunks, an academy, a
female seminary, a theatre, Masonic-hall, an hospital, orphan asylum, and
5,000 inhabitants. The country around contains fine cotton-lands, and the
place is a great cotton mart, with an extensive and increasing trade.
Three miles from the city is a race-course. Natchez was formerly the
residence of the Great Sun, or principal chief of the Natchffi, with whose
permission the French built Fort Rosalie here in 1716. The Indians sur-
prised and murdered the garrison, and nearly all the persons in the village,
in the year 1729. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for New
Orleans, Cincinnati, St. Louis, &rc. Stages leave three times a week
for Jackson and for St. Francisville, La. (See route 620.)
GRAND GULF is situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river,
352 miles above New Orleans by the course of the river. It is on
a remarkable bend of the river, locally known as the Grand Gulf, and
has a town-hall, hospital, a theatre, two churches, a cotton press, and
1,000 inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from , and depart daily for New
Orleans, &rc. (See route 620.)
WASHINGTON, six miles east from Natchez, is pleasantly situated on a
moderately elevated site, and consists chiefly of some 30 or 40 detached
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. 159
private residences, embosomed in the rich evergreen shrubbery of the
south. It contains two neat churches and the buildings of Washington
College, established here in
3802, and endowed by Con-
gress with a grant of land.
The college buildings, which
are of brick, contain a
brary of 1,000 volumes, a
chemical apparatus, a
logical cabinet, and a collec-
tion of Indian antiquities, to- ^
gether with the fossil remains "
of a mastodon, and other curious relics found in this state. Attached to
the college are about fifty acres of ground, one-half of which remains in
its original forest state. The location is healthy, and the vicinity has
many fine springs of water, one of which, called Ellicott's Spring, is
within the college grounds.
PORT GIBSON is prettily situated on Bayou Pierre, 25 miles by the
course of the stream from the Mississippi, and only eight from it at
Grand Gulf. It contains a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and 500
inhabitants.
VICKSBURG is on the left bank of the Mississippi r., 513 miles from New
Orleans by the river. Though of recent origin, it has become a large and
flourishing place. It contains a court-house, 5 churches, 3 academies, a
theatre, and 4,000 inhabitants. The town is situated on the shelving de-
clivity of high hills, and the houses are scattered in groups on the terraces.
The Walnut Hills are just above the town. The country around is very
fertile. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for New Orleans, St.
Louis, Cincinnati, &c. (See routes 620 and 621.) Cars in connection
with stages run to Maysville, Ky. t via Jackson, Columbus, Tuscumbia.
Ma., Nashville, Tenn., and Lexington, Ky.
YAZOO CITY, situated on the left bank of Yazoo river, 493 miles from
New Orleans, has several extensive warehouses and 700 inhabitants.
Steamboats ply to New Orleans. Stages leave 3 times a week for Holly
Springs.
HOLLY SPRINGS is situated on a high ridge at the head sources of
Yazoo river, and is surrounded by a delightful and fertile region. The
village contains a court-house, an academy, 3 churches, and about 1,500
inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Memphis, Tenn. ; 3 times a week for
La Grange ,*for Tuscumbia, Ma. ; for Columbus ; for Jackson ; for
Yazoo City ; and for Commerce.
COLUMBUS is situated on the left bank of theTombigbee, 120 feet above
the river, at the head of ordinary steam navigation, 141 miles from Jack-
son. It contains a court-house, two banks, an academy, a female semi,
nary, a theatre, a United States Land-office, a market-house, 5 churches,
and 4,000 inhabitants. A fine bridge here crosses theTombigbee. Steam-
boats ply to Mobile. Stages leave daily for Vicksburg via Jackson ; for
Nashville, Tenn., via Tuscumbia ; and 3 times a week for Memphis via
Pontotoc and Holly Springs.
160
STATE OF LOUISIANA.
LOUISIANA lies between 29 and 32 N. lat.
It is 240 miles long from north to south and 210
broad, containing 45,350 square miles. Population ki
1840,352,411.
Below the mouth of Red river, the Mississippi di-
vides into several branches or outlets, which, diverging
f from each other, slowly wend their way to the Gulf
| of Mexico, and divide the southwestern part of the
state into a number of large islands. The western of
these outlets is the Atchafalnya, which leaves the main stream at the
mouth of Red river, and inclining eastward, flows into Atclmfalayn bay
in the Gulf of Mexico. About 128 miles below the Atchafalaya is the
outlet of Plaquemine, the main stream of which unites with the Atcha-
falaya ; but other portions of it intersect the country in different directions.
Thirty-one miles below the Plaquemine, and 82 above New Orleans, is the
outlet of La Fourche, which communicates with the Gulf of Mexico by
two mouths. Below the La Fourche numerous other small streams
branch off from the river at various points. On the east side of the
Mississippi the principal outlet is the Iberville, which communicates with
the Gulf of Mexico through lakes Maurepas, Pontchartrain, and Borgne.
The whole territory between the Atchafalaya on the west, and the Iber-
ville, &c., on the east, is called the Delta of the Mississippi, from its
resemblance in shape to the Greek letter of that name. A large extent ot
country in this state is annually overflowed.
The alluvial margin along the Mississippi lias a breadth of from one to
two miles, and is of great fertility. To prevent the river from inundating
the valuable tracts in the rear, an artificial embankment has been raised
on the margin of the river, called the Levee. On the east side of the
river this embankment commences about forty miles below New Orleans,
and extends up the river for a distance of 180 miles. On the west side it
continues with little interruption to the Arkansas line. Along this portion
of the river there are many beautiful and finely cultivated plantations,
and a continued succession of pleasant residences. The southwestern
part of the state consists of sea marsh, on the margin of the Gulf, but
farther inland, of extensive and fertile prairies, which contain many flourish-
ing settlements. This country is elevated from ten to fifty feet above high
tide. The country between the Mississippi, Iberville, and Pearl rivers, in
its southern pnrts, is generally level, and highly productive in cotton,
eugar, corn, rice, and indigo. The northern part has an undulating sur-
face, and a heavy natural growth of white, red, and yellow oak, hickory,
black-walnut, sassafras, magnolia, and poplar. In the northwestern part,
the Red river, after entering the state by a single channel, and flowing
about thirty miles, spreads out into a number of channels, forming many
STATE OF LOUISIANA. 161
lakes, islands, and swamps, over a space of 50 miles long and 6 broad.
The bottoms on the river are from one to ten miles wide, and very fertile.
The timber on these is willow, cotton-wood, honey-locust, paw paw, and
buckeye; on the rich uplands, elm, ash, hickory, mulberry, black-walnut,
with a profusion of grape-vines. On the less fertile and sundy uplands
of the state are white, pitch, and yellow- pines, and various kinds of oak.
The Mississippi river forms the boundary of the state for a considerable
distance, and in its lower part runs wholly in this state, where it enters the
Gulf of Mexico by several passes. It is navigable for vessels of the
largest size. Red river enters the state near the northwest corner, and
passes through in a southeast direction, discharging a vast amount of
water into the Mississippi, 236 miles above New Orleans-. The Washita
runs in a south direction in the north part of the state, and enters Red
river a little above its entrance into the 1 Mississippi. Bayou La Fourche
and Atchafalaya are large outlets of the Mississippi. The other rivers
are the Black, Tensaw, Subine, Calcasieu, Mermanteau.Vermilion, Teche,
Pearl, Amite, Iberville, &c.
The country was first explored by the French, and received its name in
1682 from La Salle, in honor of Louis XIV. A settlement was attempted
in 1684, but failed. In 1699, a more successful attempt was made by M.
Iberville, who entered the Mississippi and founded a colony. His efforts
were followed up by M. Crozat, a man of wealth, who held the exclusive
trade of the country for a number of years. About the year 1717, he
transferred his interest in the province to a chartered company, at the head
of which was the notorious John Law, whose national bank and Mis-
sissippi speculation involved the ruin of half of the French nobility. In
1731 the company resigned the concern to the crown, who in 1762 ceded
the whole of Louisiana to Spain. In 1800 Spain reconveyed the province
to the French, of whom it was purchased by the United States in 1803.
The governor and lieutenant-governor are elected for 4 years. Represen-
tatives are chosen for 2 years, and senators for 4 years, one-half being
chosen biennially. The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, dis-
trict courts, and in justices of the peace. Judges of the Supreme Court
are appointed by the governor, and hold their offices for 8 years. The
legislature meets biennially. Every free white male, who has been two
years a citizen of the United States, and attained the age of 21 years, and
has resided in the state two years next preceding the election, and the last
year in the parish in which he offers his vote, has the right of suffrage.
The literary institutions in this state are the Louisiana College; Jeffer-
son College; St. Charles College; Baton Rouge College; Franklin Col-
lege ; Mandeville College ; and the University of Louisiana. There are
60 academies and 200 common schools.
BATON ROUGE, the capital of the state, is on the left bank of the
Mississippi, 140 miles above New Orleans. It is mostly built on a plain
from 25 to 30 feet above high water, the business portion being on the
street along the river at the foot of the bluff. The town contains a court-
house, three banks, the State Penitentiary, United States Land-office,
four churches, a college, an academy, and 2,500 inhabitants. Baton
Rouge College, founded in 1838, has a president, four professors, and
45 students, and 1,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is in
December. The United States Barracks are on the river bank just above
the town, and are surrounded by highly ornamented grounds. Steamboats
leave daily for New Orleans, Vicksburg, <$-c. Ji line of stages runs to
JVfew Orleans, and also to St. Francisville.
162
STATE OF LOUISIANA.
NEW ORLEANS is situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 105
miles from its entrance into the Gulf of Mexico, in latitude 29 57' 30"
N., and 90 8' W. Ion. from Greenwich. Population in 1840, 102,193.
The city is built on ground descending gently from the river towards Lake
Pontchartrain in the rear ; so that when the Mississippi is full, the streets
are three or four feet below the surface of the river. To prevent inunda-
tion, an embankment four feet high and fifteen feet wide has been con-
structed, called the Levee, extending from Fort Plaquemine, 43 milea
below the city, to Baton Rouge, 120 miles above it. The position of New
Orleans as a commercial emporium is unrivalled ; the Mississippi and its
numerous tributaries, embracing in their course at the south the region
yielding sugar, cotton, and tropical productions, and northwardly the
great agricultural and mineral riches of the vast Mississippi valley, bring
to it, with their fleets of steamboats, an immense trade in these great staples.
The city proper is a parallelogram, extending 1,320 yards on the river;
but its whole length, including the incorporated fauxbourgs, is not less
than five miles parallel with the river ; and it extends in breadth from one-
fourth to three-fourths of a mile, and to the Bayou St. John, two miles.
The houses are mostly of brick, and many of the residences in the
suburbs are ornamented with orange-trees and gardens. The view of the
city from the river is beautiful. On entering the central or lower part of
it, the stranger finds it difficult to believe it an American city. The popu-
lation is nearly equally made up of Americans, French, Creoles, and
Spaniards. In the business season, from November to July, the river in
front of the Levee, in its whole extent, is crowded with vessels of all
sizes, and from all quarters of the world ; with hundreds of large and
splendid steamboats, barges, flat-boats, &c.
The public buildings are : the State-house a plain structure, formerly
the Charity Hospital the Court-house, the City Hall, and the United
States Branch Mint, which is an edifice of the Ionic order of architecture,
282 feet long and 168 deep, Merchants' Exchange, Commercial Ex-
change, City Exchange, 14 churches, some of which are elegant build-
ings, four orphan asylums, 6 charitable associations, a charity hospital, a
Maison de Sante, two infirmaries, two reading-rooms, three theatres, a
circus, an armory, several extensive cotton presses, 7 banks, 3 convents,
and several large and elegant hotels.
By authority of the state, the University of Louisiana is to be estab-
lished in New Orleans, and to consist of four faculties, viz., law, med
icine, the natural sciences, and belles-lettres; the Medical College of
Louisiana, as now organized, is to constitute the faculty of medicine.
This institution was founded in 1835, and has a fine building on the corner
of Common and Philippa streets ; it has seven professors and 30 students.
STATE OF LOUISIANA. 163
Lectures commence on the third Monday in November. Mandeville Col-
f lege is on the north side of Lake Pontchartrain, 35 miles from the city.
It has a president and 6 professors. The National Gallery of Painting.-*
has some fine pictures. The United States Marine Hospital is at
McDonough, on the opposite side of the river. The Cypress Grove.Cem-
etery, four miles from the centre of the city, is tastefully laid out: there
arc 3 others, '2 Roman Catholic and one Protestant.
New Orleans, from its shape, is often called the Crescent City, as those
streets which follow the river make a curve somewhat in the form of a
crescent. The vicinity affords the traveller many objects of interest.
The road to Carrollton, six miles distant, is through delightful scenery ;
and the Shell Road affords an agreeable ride to Lake Pontchartrain,
distant six miles; there is also a railroad to the lake. There are several
other points of interest, and among them the battle-ground, six miles be-
low the city, where the American army under Gen. Jackson gained a signal
victory over a force of 8,000 British, killing in little more than un
hour 2,000 of the enemy, with the loss of only 7 killed and 6 wounded.
Fares from New Orleans on steamboat routes : To Natchez, $4 to 6
cabin, and $1 to 2 deck ; to Vicksburg, $7 to 10 $2 to 3 deck; to Mem-
phis, $8 to 10 $2 to 3 deck ; to Louisville or Cincinnati, $12 to 20 $2 to
3 deck ; to Pittsburg, $12 to 20 $2 to 3 deck. To St. Louis, $12 to 15
$2 to 3 deck. To Nashville, $15-$3 deck. To Little Rock, $12 $3
deck. To Alexandria, $4 to 6 $1 to 2 deck ; to Natchitoches, $7 to 10
$2 to 3 deck; to Shrevesport, $8 to 12 $2 to 3 deck : from Shrevesport,
to Fort Towson, $15. From New Orleans, to Plaguemine, $2 ; to St.
Martin smile, (175 miles,') $6 to 8; to Opelousas, (217 miles,) $6.
To Mobile, $5 to 8. To Galveston, $15 cabin, $8 steerage, and $4 deck.
JACKSON is situated on Thompson's creek, 12 miles from St. Francis-
ville. It is the seat of Louisiana College, founded in 1825, which has a
president, eight professors or other instructors, 109 students, and about
2,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Wednes-
day in June. The village has 2 churches, 3 academies, and 1,000 inhabitants.
ST. FRANCISVILLE is on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 176
miles from New Orleans. It contains a court-house, a church, an acad-
emy, several extensive warehouses, and 1,000 inhabitants. It is a great
cotton mart. Cars leave daily for Woodville stages from thence to
Natchez ; also 3 times a week for Liberty, Miss., via Jackson and Clinton.
DONALDSONVILLE. formerly the capital of the state, is situated on the
right bank of the Mississippi river, just below the outlet of La Fourche.
It has a court-house, an arsenal, a church, 4 academies, a United States
Land-office, and 1,000 inhabitants.
OPELOUSAS is near the head of Vermilion river, 217 miles from New
Orleans, and is surrounded by a level and pleasant country. Franklin
College, founded in 1839, and located here, bus a president, 3 professors
<ir other instructors, and 70 students ; the commencement is on the first of
November, The village contains a court-house, a United States Land-
office, two banks, two churches, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Steam-
boats ply to New Orleans. The lower route to Houston, Texas, via
Balliew Ferry, on the Sabine, is from this place.
GRAND COTKAU is pleasantly situated in the midst of small elevated
prairies, seven miles from Opelousas, and has a Catholic chapel and some
20 or 30 dwellings. Here is St Charles College, under the direction of
the Jesuits, which has a president, ten professors, and 70 students. The
Convent or " Academy of the Sacred Heart," is near the village.
164
STATE OF TEXAS.
ALEXANDRIA lies on Red river, a little below the lower rapids, 320
miles by the course of the river from New Orleans. It contains a
court-house, two churches, and about 500 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to
JVezc Orleans.
NATCHITOCHES is situated on the left bnnk of Red river, 414 miles from
New Orleans by steamboat, and 178 miles from the junction with the
Mississippi river. The village stands at the foot of a bluff, and contains
a court-house, a United States Land-office, 3 churches, 3 academies, and
about 2,000 inhabitants. It has considerable trade. It was first settled by
the French in 1717, and half of its inhabitants are of French descent.
Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for JVewj Orleans. The upper
route through Texas to the Rio Grande is from this place, via Games
Ferry, St. Jlugustine, Tex., Nacogdoches, Robbins Ferry, Bastrop, and
San Antonio.
SHREVKPORT, on the left bank of Red river, 500 miles from New
Orleans, contains a court-house, a church, and about 500 inhabitants.
Steamboats ply to New Orleans^ to Fulton, Fort Towson, and to Fort
Washita, (450 miles.)
TEXAS, the southernmost state in the Union, is
v situated between 26 and 40 N. lat., and hetween 94
J and 107 W. Ion. from Greenwich, and contains 324,018
square miles, and 200,000 inhabitants.
The general aspect of the country is that of a vast
inclined plane, gradually sloping from the mountains
eastward to the sea, and traversed by numerous rivers,
all having a southeast direction. It may be naturally
divided into three regions: The first, which is level,
extends along the coast with a breadth varying from
100 to 30 miles, being narrowest at the southwest. The soil of this region
is principally a rich alluvion, with scarcely a stone, and singularly free
from stagnant swamps. Broad woodlands fringe the banks of the rivers,
between which are extensive and rich pasture-lands. The second di-
vision, the largest of the three, is the undulating prairie region, which ex.
tends for 150 or 200 miles further inland, its wide grassy tracts alternating
with others that are thickly timbered. Limestone and sandstone form
the common substrata of this section. The third, or mountainous region,
situated principally on the west and southwest, forming part of the Sierra
Madre, or Mexican Alps, is but little explored. At its remote extremity,
it consists of an elevated table-land, resembling the vast steppes of Asia,
except in their superior fertility. The mountain sides are clothed with
forests, and there are few if any districts of country of the same extent as
Texas with so little unproductive land.
STATE OF TEXAS. 165
The principal rivers in the state are the Sabine, Neches, Trinidad, Brazos
de Dies, Colorado, Guadaloupe, San Antonio, Nueces, and the Rio
Grande. The Neches is navigable for small steamboats for more than 100
miles, Trinidad river for three or four hundred miles, and the Brazos for
half that distance. The Rio Colorado is obstructed by a raft ten miles
from its mouth ; it will, when removed, be navigable for steamboats 200
miles to Austin City. The San Antonio and Nueces are navigable for
only short distances ; but the Rio Grande del Norte, a noble stream, having
a course of 1,800 miles, will most probably, though in parts broken by
rapids, become hereafter an important commercial channel. Galveston
bay, into which the Trinidad flows, is about 35 miles in length, and from
12 to 18 miles wide. The Gulf of Mexico bounds its southeastern border,
on which are many bays and some good harbors.
The Texan year is divided into a wet and dry season. The former lasts
from December to March ; and the latter from March to December. Snow
is seldom seen, except on the mountains. The country is in most parts
covered with a luxuriant native grass, and it is amply supplied with
timber, among which are the live-oak, white, black, and post oak,
hickory, walnut, sycamore, caoutchouc, &c., and on the high lands pine
and cedar. The " Cross Timbers" are two lines of continuous forests of
great extent. Cotton and the sugar-cane are the great agricultural staples,
both of which attain to the greatest perfection. The grains chiefly culti-
vated are Indian corn and wheat. Peaches, melons, figs, oranges, lemons,
pine-apples, dates, olives, grapes, &c., grow abundantly. Great numbers
of cattle and horses are reared, and vast herds of buffaloes and wild horses
wander over the prairies, while deer and game are abundant. Among its
minerals are coal of a superior quality, iron ore, limestone, granite, slate,
gypsum, &c. Silver mines have been wrought in the mountains, and
bitumen and salt are abundant.
The principal literary institutions of the state are the University of San
Augustine, at St. Augustine ; Wesleyan College, do. ; Rutersville College,
at Rutersville ; University of Nacogdoches, at Nacogdoches ; University
of Matagorda ; University of Galveston ; University of De Kalb ; Trinity
College ; Guadaloupe College, at Gonzales ; and a college at Marshall.
Only the first four have gone into operation.
The governor is elected by the people for two years, but is eligible only
four years in six. He must be 32 years of age, and have resided in the
state three years previous to his election. The lieutenant-governor is
chosen in like manner and for the same time, and must possess the like
qualifications. He is president of the senate, and in case of the death,
absence, or inability of the governor, exercises the duties of that office.
The judicial power of the state is vested in one supreme court, district
courts, and such inferior courts as the legislature shall appoint. Judges
of the Supreme Court are appointed by the governor, with the advice of
the senate, and hold office for six years. The senators are chosen by
the people, and act for four years, one-half being elected biennially.
They must be 32 years of age, and have resided in the state three years
next preceding the election. The representatives are chosen for two
years by the people. They must be 21 years of age, and have resided in
the state two years preceding their election. The legislature meets once in
two years. Every free male person 21 years of age and a citizen of the
United States, or who was at the time of the adoption of the constitution
of the state of Texas by the Congress of the United States, or a citizen
of the Republic of Texas, and who shall have resided in this state one
166
STATE OF TEXAS.
year next preceding an election, and the last six months within the county
in which he offers his vote, (Indians not taxed, Africans, and descendants
of Africans excepted,) has the right of suffrage ; but no soldier, seaman,
or marine in the army or navy of the United States, shall be entitled
to vote.
In 1821 the colonization of Texas was commenced by citizens of the
United States. After three years of struggle with the government of
Mexico, it finally became independent, April 21st, 1830, and was admitted
into the Union as an independent state in 1845.
AUSTIN, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of the
Colorado, 200 miles from the mouth of the river, and 255 miles northwest
from Galveston. It is built on a plain, elevated some thirty or forty feet
above the level of the river. The Capitol is situated on a hill, and from it
a very commanding view of the surrounding country may be obtained.
The governor's house is upon another eminence, about three hundred
yards from the Capitol. Austin contains two churches, and about 1,000
inhabitants. (See routes in Texas.}
GALVESTON, 255 miles from Austin, and 350 west by north of the
southwest Pass of the Mississippi river, is situated on the east end of Gal-
veston Island, and is the great commercial emporium of Texas. It was
settled in 1837, and has forty to fifty stores and commission houses, three
cotton presses, two high schools, one university, shortly to be put in
operation, five churches, and 5,000 inhabitants. It has a fine harbor, with
twelve feet of water over the bar at low tide, and is the most thriving
town upon the seacoast, and rapidly increasing in commercial importance.
There are regularly plying weekly between this place and .ATezo Orleans
2 steam packets, a daily line to Houston ; also regular boats, running to
the Brazos, Trinity, and Sabine rivers.
HOUSTON is situated at the head of tide-water on Buffalo bayou, 188
miles from Austin and 85 from Galveston. It is surrounded by a beautiful
prairie, and contains a court-house, four churches, several extensive
manufacturing establishments, and 4,000 inhabitants. It is an exten-
sive cotton mart. Steamboats ply to Galveston. Stages run to Wash-
ington.
WASHINGTON is situated on the right bank of Brazos river, at the
head of steamboat navigHtion, except at seasons of high floods ; and is
133 miles from Austin. It contains 2 churches, an academy, and 1,200
inhabitants. Stages run to Houston.
MATAGORDA, 198 miles southeast from Austin, is situated on a plain
north of Matagorda bay, and on the right bank of Colorado river, 35 miles
from the Caballo Pass. It contains a court-house, a custom-house, cham-
ber of commerce, 2 churches, an academy, and 700 inhabitants. Steam-
boats ply to Galveston and New Orleans.
STATE OF TEXAS. 167
BRAZORIA is situated on the right bank of the Brazos river, 30 miles
from the Gulf, and 60 miles from Galveston. It has a court-house and 500
inhabitants.
SAN FELIPE DE AUSTIN is on the right bank of the Brazos river, 120
miles from Austin. It contained, prior to the revolution, about 600 in-
habitants ; it was burnt by the retreating Texan army ; since that time it
has been rebuilt, and now contains a court-house and 1,000 inhabitants
SAN AUGUSTINE is situated on the Ayish Bayou, a. branch of the
.Neches river, 360 miles ENE. from Austin, and 27 from Gaines' Ferry on
the Sabine. It contains a court-house, two churches, and 1,500 in-
habitants; it is very healthy, being built on the high rolling lands, and is
one of the most beautiful towns in Texas. The University of San
Augustine, incorporated in 1837, has a president, two professors or
other instructors in the male department, and three instructors in the
female department. The session commences on the third Monday in>
June. The Wesley an College, with a male and female department,
has a president and four instructors. The session commences on the
first Monday in March. Stages leave for Natchitoches, and for Nacog-
doches.
NACOGDOCHES is 250 miles from Austin, and 60 west from the Sabine-
river, and is situated at the head of several small streams which enter,
after a course of six miles, into. the R. Angelina. It was formerly oc-
cupied as a military post by the Spaniards and Mexicans. It contains a
court-house, a Roman Catholic Church, ten stores, and about 1,000 in-
habitants. The University of Nacogdoches was incorporated in 1845,
and donated with four leagues of land. It has a president and two
professors.
RUTERSVILLE, 78 miles from Austin, and five from the Colorado
river, is on elevated ground, and the country in its vicinity affords many
views of picturesque scenery. It contains about 200 inhabitants. It is
the seat of Rutersville College, established in 1840, and donated with four
leagues of land. The college, which is under the direction of the Metho-
dists, has 2 professors, and a preceptress. There are terms of 21 week*
each: the first commences on the third Monday in January, and the
second on the third Monday in July. A new college building has
been completed, which furnishes ample accommodation for a large number
of students.
SAN ANTONIO DE BEXAR, 90 miles south by west from Austin, is situ-
ated near the head sources and on both sides of the San Antonio river,
and is one of the most ancient towns in North America. The houses,
which are one story high, with terraced roofs, are built mostly of stone.
It contained, previous to the revolution, a population of some 8,000 ; its
population at the present time is estimated at 1,500. In its vicinity stand
the ruins of the Alamo. This was an oblong enclosure, with walls about ten
feet high and 3 feet thick, covering an acre of ground ; it has been styled
the Thermopyla? of Texas, in commemoration of the heroic defence of
TRAVIS and his brave comrades.
CORPUS CHRISTI, at the head of a bay of the same name, 250 miles
south from Austin, has a court-house, several stores, and about 700
inhabitants. Steamboats ply to Galveston and to New Orleans.
BASTROP, situated on the left bank of the Colorado river, at the
crossing of the Great San Antonio road, is surrounded by a highly fer-
tile prairie region. It has a court-house, several stores, and about 500
inhabitants.
168 STATE OF ARKANSAS.
SANTA FK is situated at the base of a spur of the Rocky Mountains, 12
miles east from the Rio Grande del Norte, on a small branch of that
noble stream. It is in lat. 35 41' and 106 W. Ion. from Greenwich, and
is elevated about 7,000 feet above the sea. It is the nominal capital of
the province of Santa Fe, or New Mexico, although, according to the
claims of the late Republic of Texas, it is within the bounds of that
state. It is 1,400 miles distant from the entrance of the Rio Grande into
the Gulf of Mexico, and 1,067 miles by the great caravan route from St.
Louis, Mo. The number of inhabitants in the town does not probably
exceed 3,000, but including the several surrounding villages embraced
within its incorporation, they amount to about 6,000. The city is very
irregularly laid out, and most of the streets are little better than common
highways. The buildings around the public square are the Governors
house, the custom-house, the barracks, the consistorial of the Alcaldes,
the military chape!, several private residences, and most of the shops of
the American traders ; these buildings are the only ones which have any
pretensions to architectural regularity, the fronts of which are shaded
with portales of the rudest, description. The mountains about ten miles to
the northeast of the town are supposed to attain an elevation of 12,000
feet above the sea, and their summits are covered with perpetual snows.
The silver mines are among the mountains to the southeast, where are pro-
cured washings to a large amount annually.
a&
ARKANSAS lies between 33 and 36 30' N. lat.,
I and between 89 9 30' and 94 Q 30' W. Ion. It is 240
I miles long and 228 wide, containing 54,500 square
I miles. Population in 1840, 97,574.
In the eastern part of the state, bordering on the
; Mississippi, and the large rivers which empty into it,
: the country is low and swampy, with a heavy growth
' of timber, and is frequently overflowed. In the cen-
tral part, it is undulating and broken ; and in the
northwestern parts, the Ozark Mountains, rising sometimes to the height
of 1,500 feet, extend across the state. The Washita Hills, north of the
Washita- river, have considerable elevation. The soil is of every variety,
from the most productive to the most sterile. On the margins of the
rivcrs.it is exceedingly fertile ; but back of this the land is generally
sterile. Prairies are abundant, and of immense extent. In many parts
there is a scarcity of water. Cotton and Indian corn are the staple pro--
ductions ; but the country is well calculated for raising cattle. Wild*
animals and fowls, as the buffalo, deer, elk, otter, beaver, rabbit, racoon,
fcc., wild-geese, turkeys, and quails, are abundant. Near the centre of
the state there are numerous hot-springs, the temperature of which
limes rises nearly to the boiling point.
STATE OF ARKANSAS. 169
The Arkansas, the principal river, rises in the Rocky Mountains, and
flows through the state in a southeast direction. It is navigable for steam-
boats 300 miles to Little Rock ; and in time of high water, 350 miles
farther to Fort Gibson, in the Indian Territory. The St. Francis, the
White, and the Washita, are other important rivers.
The constitution of the state was formed in 1836. The governor is
chosen by the people for four years, but cannot hold the office more thun
eight years in twelve. The members of the senate are elected by the
people for four years, and the representatives for two years. The elections
are viva voce. The senate can never consist of less than 17 nor more than
33 members ; the house of representatives of less than 54, nor more than
100 members. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for eight
years, and those of the Circuit Court for four years. These judges are
chosen by the legislature. The judges of the county courts are chosen
by justices of the peace. The legislature meets once in two years. Every
white male citizen of the United States, who has resided in the state six
months, is entitled to vote.
There is no college in this stale. It has ten academies and 150 com-
mon schools.
Arkansas was a part of the Louisiana purchase. It was made a terri-
tory in 1819, and admitted into the Union in 1836.
LITTLE ROCK, the capital of the state, is situated 1 on the right bank of
Arkansas river, 905 miles from New Orleans by the course of the rivers.
It is built on a high rocky bluff, 150 feet above the water of the river, and
is the first place where rocks occur west of the Mississippi. The city has
a state-house, a court-house, five churches, two banks, a theatre, an
academy, the State Penitentiary, a United States arsenal, a United States
Land-office, and 1,500 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to New Orleans, and
up the river to Fort Gibson. (See route 441.) Stages leave three times
a week for Washington ; for Van Buren; for SI. Louis via Bates-
vilfe and lYederickstown, Mo. ; and twice a week for Rock Roe ; thence in
steamboats to New Orleans.
ARKANSAS POST, situated on the left bank of Arkansas river, 685 miles
from New Orleans, is on a high bluff, and contains a court-house and
200 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to New Orleans, Little Rock, frc.
HELENA, situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river, con-
tains a court-house, a United States Land-office, and 500 inhabitants.
Steamboats arrive from, and depart for New Orleans, St. Louis, Cin-
cinnati, and Pittsburg, and the intermediate places.
HOT SPRINGS is situated six miles north of the Washita river, and
sixty from Little Rock. It contains a court-house and about 100 in-
habitants. The Springs from which the village derives its name are about
fifty in number ; the waters rise from the west base of a mountain and
flow into a small stream, which after a course of six miles enters the
Washita river. The temperature of the springs differs, ranging from
110 to 150 of Fahrenheit. The waters have been found efficacious in
chronic rheumatism, gout, scrofula, and cutaneous affections. There are
here ample accommodations for visitors. Three miles northeast are the
Chalybeate Springs, the waters of which are cold, and held in much re-
pute by invalids. Thirty miles northwest are the Sulphur Springs, but
recently discovered. Stages arrive from, and depart for Little Rock
three limes a week.
STATE OF TENNESSEE.
TENNESSEE lies between 35" and 36 e 30' N. lat.,
I nod 81 W 30' and 90 10' W. Ion. Its mean length is
'J 00 miles, and its mean breadth 114 miles, containing
45,600 square miles. Population in 1840, 829,210.
The Cumberland Mountains extend through the mid-
die of the state, in a southwest direction, dividing it
into two parts, denominated East Tennessee and West
Tennessee. The western part of Tennessee is level, or
gently undulating ; in the middle it is hilly. East
Tennessee abounds in mountains, many of them elevated, presenting much
grand and picturesque scenery. Of the mountains, Cumberland, or Great
Laurel Ridge, is the most remarkable. It nowhere has an elevation of
more than 1,000 feet. Stone, Yellow, Iron, Ball, Smoky, and Unika
mountains, form a chain in the SE., and constitute the eastern boundary of
the state. Northwest of these are Bay's Mountain, Copper Ridge, Clinch
Mountain, Powell's Mountain, and Willing's Ridge, with valleys between
them from 5 to 10 miles wide. Caves of great depth and extent are found
in the eastern part of the state.
The soil is various, but generally fertile. The western part has a black,
rich soil ; in the middle are great quantities of excellent land ; in the
eastern part the mountains are mostly sterile, but the valleys are very fer-
tile. The country has a great profusion of native timber, poplar, hickory,
walnut, oak, beach, sycamore, locust, cherry, sugar-maple, &c. There
are many medicinal plants. The soil produces abundantly cotton and
tobacco, the staple commodities of the state ; also grain, grass, and fruit.
The Tennessee river has its chief course in this state. It is 1,200 miles
long, and is navigable for steamboats to Florence in Alabama, 276 miles
above its entrance into the Ohio ; and from the head of the Muscle
Shoals, for boats 250 miles further. Cumberland river, which, rising in
Kentucky, runs mainly in Tennessee, is navigable for steamboats 198
miles to Nashville, and for boats 300 miles further. It enters the Ohio
river in Kentucky, 60 miles from Mississippi river. The Holston, Clinch,
French Broad, and Hiwassee are branches of the Tennessee. Obion,
Forked Deer, and Wolf rivers, in the western part of the state, flow into
the Mississippi, and are navigable for boats.
The constitution of this state was formed in 1796, at Knoxville, and re-
vised in 1833. The governor is elected by the people for two years, but
is not eligible more than six years in eight. The representatives, who are
apportioned among the different counties according to the number of
qualified voters, are chosen biennially, and their number cannot exceed 75
until the population is 500,000, and can never afterwards exceed 99.
The senators are chosen and appointed in like manner, and can never ex-
coed one-third the number of representatives. The legislature meeib
STATE OF TENNESSEE. 171
biennially, at Nashville, in October following the election. It can be
called together by the governor at other times, if necessary. The judges
of the Supreme Court are appointed by the joint-ballot of both houses of
the legislature, and hold their office for twelve years. Every white
person over 21 years of age, who is a freeholder in the county where he
offers his vote, or who has resided in the county six months immediately
preceding the election, enjoys the right of suffrage.
The literary institutions are : Greenville College, at Greenville; Wash-
ington College, near Jonesboro ; the University of Nashville, at Nash-
ville ; East Tennessee College, at Knoxvilie ; Cumberland College, at
Lebanon ; Jackson College, near Columbia ; Franklin College, near Nash-
ville ; and the Southwestern Theological Seminary, at Marysville. There
are in the state J60 academies and 1,000 common schools.
Tennessee was admitted into the Union as an independent state in 1796.
NASHVILLE, the capital of the state, is situated on t!ie loft bunk of
Cumberland river,
at the head of steam-
boat navigation, 120
miles from its June-
tion with Ohio riv-
er. Its site is un-
duluting, and is ele- _^
vated from fifty to lfi|
375 feet above Uw|l
river. It contain* gs
an elegant state- ~
house, a court-house, market-house, a lunatic hospital, the State Peni-
tentiary, three banks, ten churches, the halls of Nashville University, a
seminary, several other schools of a high order, and 10,000 inhabitants.
The Lunatic Hospital is a large and commodious building, and will ac
commodate 100 patients. The University, founded in 1806, has a presi-
dent, four professors and two tutors, 291 alumni, 100 students, and 10,000
volumes in its libraries. The main edifice is 200 feet long, 50 wide, and
three stories high. The commencement is on the first Wednesday in
October. Stages leave daily for May smile, Ky., via Lexington ; for
Vicksburg, Miss., via Tuscumbia and Jackson; three times a week
for Knoxvilie ; for Augusta via Atlanta ; for Huntsville, Jlla. ; for
Memphis via Huntingdon and Bolivar ; for Columbus, Ky. ; and for
Smit/dand. Steamboats leave for New Orlmns, &c., via Smithland.
MEMPHIS is situated on a bluff, on the left bank of the Mississippi
river, immediately below the mouth of Wolf or Loosahatchie river,
798 miles above New Orleans. It is regularly laid out, and contains six
churches, an academy, and 10,000 inhabitants. Memphis is the depot for
West Tennessee, and its commerce is extensive, more than 120,000 bales
of cotton being shipped from this place every season. A United States
Navy Yard has lately been established here, and the necessary buildings
are in course of erection. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for
New Orleans ; for Cincinnati ; for St. Louis, &c. Stages in con-
nection with steamboats and railroad cars leave for Charleston,
S. C., via Tuscumbia, Ma., Gunter's Landing, Atlanta, Ga., and
Augusta. Stages leave 3 times a wrek for Nashville ; for Jackson,
Mists., via Holly Springs ; and also for Columbus.
COLUMBIA., 42 miles from Nashville, is situated on the left bank of
Duck river, and contains a court-house, three churches, a bank, an
172
STATE OF TENNESSEE.
academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Jackson College, in the vicinity,
founded in 1830, has a president and four professors, 100 students, and
1,250 volumes in its libraries. Stages leave daily for Nashville.
CLARKSVILLE, situated on the right bank of Cumberland river, 65
miles from Nashville by the course of the river, contains a court-house,
three churches, an academy, two banks, and 2,000 inhabitants. It has an
extensive trade in cotton and tobacco. Steamboats leave for Nash-
ville and for New Orleans. Stages leave 3 times a week for Nashville
and for Smithland.
FRANKLIN is eighteen miles from Nashville, on the left bank of
Big Harpeth river, and has a court-house, four churches, five acad-
emies, and about 1,500 inhabitants. In the vicinity is Franklin Col-
lege, founded in 1844, which has a president, six professors, and 90
students. Stages leave 3 times a week for Nashville.
MURFREKSBORO', once the capital of tlie state, is situated on a small
branch of Cumberland river, and contains a court-house, three churches,
an academy, and 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave three times a week
for Nashville ; for Knoxmlle; and for Hantsville, Ala.
KINGSTON, situated on the right bank of the Tennessee river, at the
junction of the Clinch river, contains a court-house, two churches, aa
academy, and 700 inhabitants.
KNOXVILLE is on the right bank of Holston river, four miles below the
^f^-"~ " 7^^IL^^^=^~=L Junction of French Broad
j| river, and at the head of
gL steamboat navigation. It
Si" contains a fine court-house,
3 churches, two academies,
^_ a male and a female semi-
ITnary, and 1,500 inhabitants.
3& The buildings of East Ten-
cssee University are located
n a beautiful eminence of
considerable elevation, on the north bank of the Holston, half a mile west
of the city. They consist of a large central edifice, two commodious
halls, three stories Jiigh, for study and lodging rooms, three professors'
houses, &c. The University has a president, four professors, 100 alumni,
120 students, 3,800 volumes in its libraries, and an extensive chemical and
philosophical apparatus, mi^ralogical cabinet, &c. The commencement
is on the first Wednesday in%.ugust. Stages leave three tines a week for
Washington, D. C., ma Abingdon, Va., and Statin ton ; for Raleigh, N.
C. ; for Charleston, S. C., via Warm Springs, Greenville, &c. ; for
\ Charleston via Atlanta, Ga., and Augusta ; for Savannah via Atlanta ;
for Nashville; and for I^cxington, Kit., via Cumberland Gap.
JONESBORO' is on a small branch, and ten miles south of Holston river.
It has a court-house, three churches, two academies, and 1,000 inhabi
tants. Washington College, in the vicinity, founded in 1794, has a presi-
dent, three professors, 110 alumni, 45 students, and 1,000 volumes in ita
libraries. Stages leave Jonesboro 1 3 times a week for Knoxmlle ; for
Abingdon, Va.; and for Raleigh, N. C.
MA.RYSVILLE, 18 miles from Knoxville, is situated on a branch of Holston
river, and contains a court-house, a church, and about 500 inhabitants.
It is the seat of the Southwestern Theological Seminary, under the direction
of the Presbyterians, founded in 1821, which has two professors, 30 stu-
dents, and 6,000 volumes in its libraries.
RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES,
THROUGH
THE SOUTHERN STATES.
1339) F'M RALEIGH TO
BEAUFORT,
Via Goldsboro ' and
Newbern.
To Bus bee's Store 1 9
Smithfield 181 27
Petersburg $ Roai
Railroad.
Jarret's Depot. . 11
Stony Creek 9
PETERSBURG.. 21
Proctor's Creek 11
RICHMOND 114
WASHINGTON,
(see No. 288) . 117
(342) F'M RALEIGI
NORFOLK, Va.
Via Gareysburg
Raleigh <Sr Gaston
To Littleton
(see No. 341) ...
Gareysburg ..
loke
119
128
149
160
1714
2884
I TO
RR.
78
D 98
3103
2115
noke
4129
d 142
5147
; 100
7177
1178
[ TO
i.
RR.
9
6 15
25
9 34
8 42
5 57
7 74
84
94
1 I(N)
9137
7144
Chalk Level
Ward's Bridge ...
Castle Craig
Yellow Branch...
Campbell C. H. ..
LYNCHBURG
(344) F'M RALEIG
WYTHEVILLE
Via Greensboro*
Salem.
To Moringsville. .
Chapel Hill
Hillsboro'
13
6
6
5
12
H
ai
8
12
9
3
4
6
13
6
3
7
11
t>
3
S
11
22
9
13
H
MH
^7
16
:;
18
%
13
12
14
9
149
162
168
174
179
191
TO
id
20
28
40
49
56
59
63
69
88
91
98
109
11:')
118
127
U9
150
172
180
189
202
TO
1.
71.,
109
125
128
146
172
185
202
214
228
m
Boonhill
10
15
26
12
8
16
28
H
W.
8
12
12
12
20
8
7
10
13
35
H
J,
VL
I
6
11
11
13
10
11
n
37
52
78
106
118
126
142
170
TO
12
20
32
44
56
76
84
91
11)1
113
12ri
161
TO
Z.
IR.
9
15
26
37
44
57
67
78
87
97
108
Kingston
Trenton
Pollocksville
NEWBERN
Cravenville
BEAUFORT
(340) F'M RALEIG
PLYMOUTH,
Via Washingtc
To Eagle Rock...
Wakerield
Mason's Hall
Trollinger's B'dge
Haw River.
Albright's
Alletnance ..
GREENSBORO' ...
New Garden
Friendship
Kernersville
SALEM ...
Margaretsville 1
Portsmouth <$ Roa
Railroad.
Newson's, Va 1
Franklin 1
Carrsville
Nasliville. ....
Rocky Mount
Tarboro'
Oldtown
Bethma
Little Yadkin....
Sparta
Faulkland
Pactolas
Washington
PLYMOUTH
(341) F'M RALEIC
WASHINGTON
Via Richmond,
Raleigh $ Gastor
To Huntsville
Forrestville
Franklin
Suffolk 1
Portsmouth 1
NORFOLK
Tom's Creek
Mt. Airy
New Grayson.Va.
(343) F'M RALEIGI
LYNCHBURG, Vi
Raleigh & Gaston
To Huntsville....
Forestville
Newlight 1
Austinville
(345) F'M RALEIG
KNOXVILLE, T<
Via Jonesboro, 1
& Greenville
To SALEM
(see No. 344) ...
Panther Creek ...
Huntsville
Hamptonville
WlLKESBORO'...
Reddy's River
Jefferson
North Fork
Tylorsville,Tenn
Moore's Iron W'ks
Wilton
Staunton
Granville
Stage.
Oxford 1
Berea v . . 1
Roxboro' 1
Leasburg 1
Henderson
Ridgewny
Macon Depot
Littleton ^
Greenville RR.
Ruland's,Va. ...110
Belriekl Ill
Milton 1
DANVILLE.Va I
Pittsylvania C. H. 1
Robertson's Store.
174
ROUTES IN NORTH CAROLINA.
Dugger's Ferry. . .
Elizabethtown ...
JONESBORO'
Leesburg
Sheatown
9
13
18
li)
4
b
13
14
6
5
8
9
16
H
111
Va
7
id
4
12
It;
ii
10
6
11
9
5
10
LO
A.
5
10
12
12
1!
10
16
21
10
8
11
15
5
,H
C.
23
2-
24(5
259
277
282
21)2
2 ( K;
302
315
32!)
335
340
318
352
361
37 /
TO
.
rm
20 '
27
34
46
56
til)
72
Lib
12.;
131
142
151
156
166
176
21 1
216
226
238
250
261
2; 1
287
:il4
324
332
343
358
363
TO
in tl
12
36
no
73
CHER AW, S.C. ..13
Tiller's Ferry \i
31132
5il67
, 11(2
31225
I TO
52
eigh
61
73
81
89
98
107
114
122.
URG
Veio-
10
fi HH
(352) F'M WlLMIN
TO WASHINGTON,
Via Richmond
Wilmington $ Ra
Railroad.
To Rocky Mount.
Bergaw
3TON
D.C.
I
leigh
*$
7 30
9 39
9 48
8 56
12 76
9 85
11 96
7103
6109
7116
9125
8133
11 144
11155
7 162
5167
mrg,
)'l77
0187
1198
9207
1218
4229J
1 240*
1 26U
8 269i
0279*
i mi
2 302i
7358i
GTON
LK.
15 31
18 49
17 66
22l 88
GTON
S.C.
30
30160
TTE-
JRY.
la
9 23
COLUMBIA l3
(348) F'M RALEIGI
WILMINGTON.
To Goldsboro'
(see No. 338) ...
Wilmington & Ral
Railroad.
Dudley's . . 9
enderson's Mills
Greenville
Gustavus
Cheek's X Roads.
Morristown...
S. Washington...
Teachy's
Strickland
& Hither Springs.,
ossy Creek
Newmarket
Strawberry Plains
KNOXVILLE
(346) F'M RALEIG
KNOXVILLE, Tt
Via Salisbury &r }
Springs.
Warsaw
Dudley's ...
Goldsboro'
Faison's 12
Warsaw 8
Strickland 8
Teachy's 9
S. Washington. 9
Nahunt.a
Burden's
Tossnott
Ltocky Mount
Battles'
Rocky Mount . . 8|
WILMINGTON.. 14J
(349) F'M GAREYSB
TO BEAUFORT
Via Plymouth &r J
bern.
To Jackson
Rich Square 1
Eniield
Hackriey'sXR'ds
Pittsboro'
Halifax
WELDON
St. Lawrence
Marley's Mills....
Gareysburg
Richmond^ Peters
&r Potomac Rl
Pleasant Hill.... 1
Belfield I
Ashboro'
Spencer
Cotton Grove
SALISBURY
Woodgrove
Covvansville
Statesville
Poplar Grove
Hokesville
Jarrett's. I
Britton's Store
7 33
6 59
Stony Cieek
Plymouth 1
Washington 3
Swift Creek B'dge !
6 75
110
s 12*
7145
tildl
fcl84
Proctor's Creek. 11
RICHMOND 1
Tuylorsville i
RutherGlen
Milford 1
Eavesville
Drowning Creek .
MORGANTOWN...
Locust Grove
Pleasant Garden .
Cravensville 1
(350) F'M EDENTO
NORFOLK, Va
To Hertford
Wood vi lie 1
NTO
12
1 23
33
2 45
5 50
9 72
4 86
rTON
a.
167
noke
2179
1 !!)3
3 206
5:21 1
3224
7241
1 242
FREDERICKSB'G 1
Aquia C'k Land-
ing, Va 1
Swannano
Steamboat.
Mt. Vernon 2
Alexandria
WASHINGTON...
(353) F'M WlLMIN
TO FAYETTEVIL
To Robinson's....
Westbrook
Elizabethtown ...
Prospect Hall ....
FAYETTEVILLE . .
(354) F'M WlLMIN
TO CHARLESTON
Steamboat.
ToSmithville....!
CHARLESTON 1
(355) FROM FAYI
VILLE TO SALISB
To Murchison's
Mills
ASHVILLE
French Broad
Lapland. .........
Elizabeth City.... 1
New Lebanon 1
South Mills... .
Warm Springs..
Newport
Oak Grove
DANDRIDGE
Tuckahoe
Lake Drummond. 1
Deep Creek, Va...
NORFOLK 1
(351) F'M WlLMINf
TO NORFOLK, V
To Gareysburg
(see No. 352)...
Portsmouth & Roa
Railroad.
Margaretsville ]
Newson's.Va. ... 1
Franklin 1
Mechlenburg
KNOXVILLE
(347) F'M RALEK
COLUMBIA, S.
Via Fayetteoille
Cher a to, S. C
To Middle Creek.
Averysboro'
FAYETTEVILLE . .
Davis' Springs . . .
Carrsville.
Randallsville
Montpelier
Laurel Hill....
12
6
8
85
MM
Suffolk... 1
Portsmouth 1
NORFOLK . . .
Johnsonville.. ..
&OUTES IN SOUTH CAROLINA.
175
16 39
18 57
6 63
Blairville
10
'.
I
5
7
h
i
81
90
93
!
105
111
117
Wadesboro'
6
1C
14
15
15
13
5
12
11
19
21
BL
JN
e.
8
8
15
6
\B
it;
9
11
22
if
15
llj
S'l
V T N
SI
{,
Ch
30
38
:>7
40
A
U
im
9
9
6
5
8
12
8
5
6
57
67
1
too
115
198
133
Ii5
156
175
196
RY
18
26
34
49
89
98
112
134
151
169
184
200
ON
' 00
ON
ar-
99
129
167
204
244
ON
1).
sft-
I.
62
bio,
71
80
86
91
99
111
119
124
1HO
Caledonia
Pinckneyville ...
Mt. Tabor. .
Sugg's Bridge....
Sneedsboro'
CHERAW, S. C...
Society Hill
Darlington
Mar's Bluff
Hill^s Store
15 78
8 86
8 94
18112
BURY
^a.
16
11 21
16 43
12 55
4 59
lii 69
12 81
7 88
7 95
20115
7SJ293
IYTO
a.
1 52
YJ lul
731177
Decatur
UNIONVILLE
Cedar Grove
Cross Keys
Mt. Lebanon
Healing Springs..
SALISBURY
f33S) FROM SALTS
TO NORFOLK, ^
To Cotton Grove.
Spencer
Huntington.. .
*
12
11
7
1
9
HT
3
12
11
5
5
9
20
BT
S
a
8
8
10
11
6
3
1^
i.:
15
20
16
13
17
KJ
33
BT
,s
10
12
5
6
123
l.T;
!^; :
15V
159
168
RY
71
78
81
9;]
104
109
116
121
130
150
RY
C.
llll-
40
48
55
59
67
77
88
a
IS
145
It;;,
181
194
21 i
I.
244
RY
.C.
15
25
28
I
51
Jarirey's Creek...
Flintville
Lynch's Creek
China Grove
GEORGETOWN...
(365) FROM SALIS
TO WlLMINGT(
Via Fayettevill
To Healing Sp'gs.
Mt. Lebanon
Hill's Store
Laurensville
Waterloo
Stony Point
Deadfall
Smithville
ABBEVILLE
(362) FROM SALIS
TO COLUMBIA, S
Via Yorkvilh
To Yorkville
(see No. 361) ...
Guthriesville
Brattonsville
Ashboro'
Lanesville
Parley's Mills....
St. Lawrence
Pittsboro'
Hackney's X R'ds
Grove
RALEIGH
NORFOLK
(see No. 342)...!
(357)F'MSALISBUI
LYNCHBURG, V
To Greensboro' . .
Danville, Va
Snugg's Bridge ..
Caledonia
Carthage
Blackstock's
Yonguesville
Albion
Johnsonville
Murchinson's M'ls
FAYETTEVILLE..
Prospect Hall
Elizabethtown ...
Westbrook-
Winnsboro'
Cookham
(358) FROM SALIS
TO WYTHEVILI
To Lexington . . . . 1
Salem
SURY
-K.
1 17
20 37
931130
BURY
Ga.
27
11344
* 164
'201
225
248
IYTO
.C.
I 52
J9 H
33114
311145
IYTO
C.
York.
10
11 21
12 33
7 40
8 48
8 56
15 71
COLUMBIA
(363) FROM SALIS
TO CHARLESTON
Via Charlotte
den, S. C.
To CHARLOTTE,
(see No. 361) . . .
Mt. Seer
Robinson's . . .
WILMINGTON
(366) F'M CHARLE
TO GEORGETOV
By Stage . .
WYTHEVILLE
(see No. 344)...!
(359) FROM SALIS
(367) F'M CHARLE
TO SALISBURY
Via Camden <$r
lotte.
To Sumpterville
(s-eNo. 363)...
CAMDEN
Lancaster
ToStatesville..
Morguntown ... 4?
Ashv'iUe 59
Wnynesville... 29
Franklin 37
Pleasant Valley,
S C. ..
Bel Air
Cureton's Store. . .
Lancaster
Pleasant Hill
L ARKS VirTLE.. 123
(360)F'MSALISBUI
GREENVILLE, S
To Lincolnton
Erwinville
Flat Rock
Charlotte, N. C...
CAMDEN
Bradford Springs.
Sumpterville
Privateer
(368) F'M CHARLE
TOKNOXVILLEjl
Via Columbia <$
ville, JV. C.
South Carolina .,
ToBranchville...
BranchvillebCoh
Railroad.
Rowe's Pump
Orangeburg
Semerson's
Lewimlle
Fort Motte
Gadsden
Hopkins
Vance's Ferry
Roadsville
Inabret's .
Spartansburg
GREENVILLE
(361)F'MSALISBUI
ABBEVILLE, S.
Via. Charlotte <
mile.
To China Grove..
Concord
SoutJi Carolina j
CHARLESTON ....
(364) FROM SALIS
TO GEORGETOWN
Via Cheraw
To Rockville
Kendall's Store...
iAlbemarle
Norwood.
Harrisburg
CHARLOTTE
Whitehall
Ranalesburg
YORKVILLE, S.C.
i Cedar Hill
Woodlands
COLUMBIA....
1 Beverly....
176
ROUTES IN GEORGIA.
Oakville
Pomariu
Newberry
Pagesville
Huntsvilie
Holland's
LAURENSVILLE ..
Greenwood
Fountain Inn
plains ;;;
GREENVILLE
Traveller's Rest ..
Merrittsville...
Flat Rock
Henderson ville ...
Mud Creek
Limestone
Ashville
French Broad
Lapland....
Warm Springs..
Newport
Oak Grove
Dandridge
Tuckahoe
Mechlenburg. ...
KNOXVILLE
3 43
:: 56
4170
9 1
J84
> S:
9 iyg
11 209
821.
6223
12235
10 24a
10 297
11308
8 379
1 39t
371) F'M CHARLESTON
TO SAVANNAH,
By Steamboat....! 1110
372) F'M COLUMBIA TO
RALEIGH, N. C.
r ia Ca.rn.dtti <$- Cher aw.
To CAMDEN '
Tiller's Ferry
CHERAW
Laurel Hill, N. C.
Montpelier
iandallsville
")avis' Spring
^AYETTEVILLE . .
Averysboro'
Vliddle Creek
&ALEIGH
(369) F'M CHARLESTON
TO AUGUSTA, Ga.
South Carolina RR
To Mile Pump ...
Sneath's
Woodstock
Ladson's ,
Somerville
ijawrence's
jnibret's
Ross's
St. George's
Reeve's
BRANCHVILLE ..
Edisto Turn-out.
Midway
Loury's
Graham's
Black ville
Williston
White Pond
Windsor
Johnson's
Aiken
Clark's
Marshes
Hamburg
AUGUSTA, Ga. .
4 .
5 8
M ;'
410
410
811
512
41&
4 12
813
113
(370) F'M CHARLESTO
TO SAVANNAH, Ga.
To Jacksonboro'.
Blue House
Pocotaligo. 14 6
Grahamsville If, 7
SAVANNAH, Ga...J33lll
58
35 93
33126
8134
6140
12 \>-
lo l
25190
1222!
;373) F'M COLUMBIA TO
SALISBURY,
Via Yorkville.
To Cookham
Clarksville, Ga. ..fflOl 79
Nacoochee 13 92
DAHLONEGA 1211113
377) FR'M ABBEVILLE
TO UNION POINT, Ga.
To Calhoun's M'ls
'etersburg, Ga. . .
Danbury
rVashington
Tyrone
J ublic Square
UNION POINT
61
70
$78) FROM SAVANNAH
TO AUGUSTA.
Central Railroad.
To Brinsonsville
(see No. 379)...
Stage.
Waynesboro'
Richmond Fact'y
AUGUSTA
WinsboroV
Albion
Yonguesville
Blackstock's
Chester
Brattonsville
Guthriesville
YORKVILLE
Ranalesburg, NC.
Whitehall
CHARLOTTE
Harrisburg
Concord
China Grove
SALISBURY
9
5 34
7
13
H KL
111
11
12 12S
11 141
10150
(374) F'M COLUMBIA TO
RUTHERFORDT'N,
To Maybintown .1
.
Goshen Hill ...... | 8
'"
Unionvi le ........
Glenn's Springs ..
Spartansburg .....
HUTHERFORUT'N
37113
(375) F'M COLUMBIA TC
AUGUSTA, Ga.
To Lexington
Leesville .........
Ridge ............
fcklgefield C. H. . .
Hamburg .........
AUGUSTA ........
(376) F'M GREENVILLI
TO DAHLONEGA, Ga.
To Pickensville.. fl
PickensC.II ..... 18 3
. .....
West Union ...... 110 4
Davis' Ferry ..... JlSi 5
80
15|ll7
10J127
(379) FROM SAVANNAH
TO MACON.
Central Railroad.
To Eden Depot. . .
Reform. .
Armenia
Halcyondale ,
Depot
Scarboro'
Brinson ville
Mid ville
Holcomb
Depot ...,
visbo
. 50
10 60
10 70
12112
10122
13135
13148
mvuDoro
Pennille
Oconee (Jm
Emmett 5152
Kingston 8160
Gordon 10170
Larkville 10180
MACON 10190
(380) F'M SAVANNAH TO
MONTGOMERY, Ala.
Via Macon & Colum-
M bus.
To E. Macon
(see No. 379)..
Macon
190
1 191
Macon & Western RR.
Prattsville
Forsyth ,
Depot
BARNESVILLE..
Union Hill ,
Thomaston
Pleasant Hill...,
Bellevue.
BlutfSprings....
WaverlyHall...
Ellerslie
COLUMBUS
16207
8215
8223
8231
6237
10247
11258
5263
7270
7(277
8j285
16301
ROUTES IN GEORGIA.
177
Crawford, Ala . .
Society Hill .....
gee ........
Keys ......
Tuske
Cross
Cabahatchie ----
Mt. Meigs .......
MONTGOMERY ..
12313 Noah's Fork....
15328 Millersburg
15343 Murrreeibero'...
101513 Stone Mountain
14527 Decatur
lOlfi5W ATT tv-T
186) F'M AUGUSTA TO
NASHVILLE, Term.
10|537 ATLANTA
10^3 NASHVILLE 34571
jjil^JI (383) F'M AUGUSTA TO
13|383i CHARLESTON, S. C. || Oeorif ia Railroad.
i To Hamburg.... I I 1 To Atlanta
(381) F'MSAVANNAHTO e ., rnv . n i^. n pp
ST. AUGUSTINE, Fa. il W* Carolina RR.
To Old C. H....
. .
Riceboro'
S. Newport
DARIE.N
Bethel
17 'M-j ,
34 Clark's
joiAiken
i Johnson's
, i Windsor
q? I White Pond..
Wayuesville
Langsbury
Jeffersonton
St. Mary's
Jacksonville, Fa.
ST. AUGUSTINE.
(382) F'MSAVANNAHTO ! Reeve's .
NASHVILLE, Tenn. I St. George"
23140 Graham's
, BRANCHVILLE ..
To E. Macon
(see No. 379)..
190
Ross 3
Inabret's
MacoV.::: '.'.: : : :i i m &"&'*.
Macon ^ Western RR. -
Prattsville
Forsyth...
gepot
ARNESVILLE .
Miluer
Griffin
Depot....
Fosterville
Jonesboro' 7271
Poolsvillo 10281
ATLANTA I 11292
161207 'Woodstock
8215 jSneath's
8223 Eight-mile Pump
8'231 CHARLESTON...
7.1
5. 22
(se'e'No. 385)..| 1 171
9 ! West'n $- Atlantic RR.
13 To Chattanooga.
(see No. 382)..
Stage.
148.319
141|460
(387) F'M AUGUSTA TO
MONTGOMERY, Ala.
30 ; NASHVILLE
56 1 To ATLANTA
100
4104
5109
6 115
41119
Jonesboro'
Fosterville
GRIFFIN..
Stage.
5129
8il37
11 loin (384) F'M AUGUSTA TO
8 257 ! ATHENS.
7 264 iTo Union P'nt I
(se* No. 385)... I I 76
At/tens Branch RR.
West'n fr Atlantic RR.
Chattahoochee R
Marietta
Acworth
Allatoona
Etowah River. ..
KINGSTON
Williams'
Oothkaloga
Oostanaula
Connasaiiga
CROSS PLAINS..
Tunnel
Dogwood
Tennessee Line. .
Chickamiiuga R.
CHATTANOOGA..
Stage..
Lookout Valley.
Jasper
Buttle Creek....
Pelhain
Hilhsboro'
Mauciiester
(see No. 38
Macon Sr Western RR.
11182
10192
7199
15:214
10246
10 256
8264
10274
5279
14293
7300
11311
10321
Zebulon ________
Flat Shoals ..... ,
"
sjaJ Mo'untViiie ::;::,
-' La Grange ,
Long Cane ,
WEST POINT..,
Woodville
Salmonville
ATHENS .
(385) F'M AUGUSTA TO
ATLANTA.
Georgia Railroad.
To Belttir..
}\ 326
6332
7339
13352
10372
5377 jBerzeiiaY.""!!!!.
8385; Dearing
7392 Thompson
7399^ "
7406
7413
6419
11430
6436
21 457
4461
25486
9 495
8503
9115
ville ..
Camak.,
imming
rawfords ..
UNION POINT..,
Greensboro 1 _____
Buckhead ......
Madison..
Rutledge
Social Circle...
Covington
Conyers
Lithonia .
Cusseta ......... ,
Mt. Jefferson
Auburn ......... ,
Chehaw .........
Montgomery and West
Point RR.
Uphawpee
Fort Decatur
Magruders
Creyons
10 1 345
111356
MONTGOMERY ..I 10 1 366
(388) F'M AUGUSTA TO
MONTGOMERY, Ala.
Via Indian Springs.
$
To Madison
Shadydale
Monticello
Planter's
INDIAN SPRINGS.
iUnionville
IBarnesville
Union Hill...
Thorr
imaston
., , Pleasant Hill...
7il03 Bel lev ne.:
9 ilia Bluff Springs...
7 1119 Waverly Hall..
11 130 Ellerslie
10 140 .COLUMBUS
104
14 118
8126
7133
10143
11154
17171
6177
10187
11198
5203
7210
7217
8 ! 225
16241
..i 82,323
178
ROUTES IN GEORGIA.
(389) F'MAUGUSI
MONTGOMERY
Via Milledseville
con, &r Colu.rn.bi
To Camac
(see No. 385) ...
'A
C,
,J
IS.
?
12
8
15
13
25
6
7
12
\->,
TO
\Ia-
47*
51
60
72
80
95
108
125
150
156
163
175
187
Anderson C. H.
Steele's
5
8
7
8
8
13
75
vs
'ei
e.
6
8
12
9
18
17
96
S'S
9
14
6
12
4
5
ss
ila
itt
20
9
10
10
19
17
12
Itj
9
18
18
5
13
22
:P
VR
11
21
90
96
105
113
121
134
309
TO
n.
10
16
24
36
45
153
80
176
TO
20
29
43
49
61
65
70
TO
r's
43
H3
72
XI
92
111
128
140
156
1H5
183
201
206
219
241
GE-
KS-
16
26
46
ATHENS
Grove Hill
Diinielsville
Madison Springs
Carnesville
Poinsett
7
10
6
8
12
9
18
:D<
KN
3
15
6
9
20
27
10
9
9
15
18
44
10
:ix
BU
17
23
6
7
12
12
16
16
IN
13
15
8
12
9
3*
ad
741
IN
nn
9
6
S
5
10
20
5
15
15
73
83
89
97
109
118
136
JE-
22
25
40
46
55
75
102
112
121
144
153
168
186
230
240
JE-
S.
13
30
68
80
92
108
124
TO
17
30
45
53
65
74
77i
125
TO
201
210
216
239
J50
305
320
Pendleton
Double Branches.
Pickensville
GREENVILLE
KNOXVILLE
(see No. 368)...!
(392) FR'M ATHE
MADISONVILLE,'!
Via Clarksvill
To Grove Hill....
Danielsville
Madison Springs
CLARKSVILLE....
(396) FROM MILLI
VILLE TO DARI
To Emmett
Mayfield
Sparta
Devereaux's Store
MlLLEDGEVILLE.
Wallace
Rains' Store
MACON
Knoxville
Frnncisville
Union
Tarversville
HAWKINSVILLE..
Daviston
Talbotton
Poinsett
CLARKSVILLE
Temperance
Jacksonville
Lumber City
Box ville
Elierslie
16
16
82
I'A
Dr.
nc
in
an
17
12
8
3
17
17
18
7
5
20
'10
203
219
301
TO
on,
sta-
ge,
125
142
154
162
165
182
199
JIT
224
22!
219
w
Nacoochee. . . .
MADISONVILLE...
(393) FR'M ATHE
DAHLONEGA.
To Jefferson
Cunningham's
Store
Gainesville
Lucksville
MONTGOMERY
(see No. 380) ...
(390) F'M AUGUS'
PENSACOLA, Fl
Via Warrenton,^
Bainbridge, C
hoochee, Q-JLaGr
Fior.
To Macon
(see No. 379) ...
Busheeville
Perry
Perry's Mills
Surrency
Fort Barrington . .
DARIEN
(397) FROM MILLI
VILLE TOCOLUM
To Wallace
MACON
New Bridge
Auraria
Knoxville
DAHLONEGA
(394) FR'M ATHE
HUNTSVILLE, A
Via Rome & Gu-
Landing'
To Gainesville
(see No. 393) ...
Cummings'
High Tower
Orange .
Francisville
Union
Daviston
Talbotton
Limestone
Murshallville
Traveller's Rest . .
Americus
Starkville
Palmyra
Elierslie
COLUMBUS . .
(398) FROM MAC
AUGUSTA.
To Wallace
MlLLEDGEVILLE.
Devereaux' Store.
Albany ...
Newton
BAINBRIDGE
Canton
Chattahoochee,
41
25
It,
1*
25
90
FA
311
.C
c.
i:
!
i
5
9
E
10
10
330
371
389
414
504
TO
1.
'.&
24
33
42
47
5(i
65
75
ai
Cassville
Mayfield
Marianna
Oak Hill ...
MissionaryStation
Ballplay, Ala....
Gaylesville
Van Buren
Marshall
Clays ville, (oppo-
site Gunter's
Landing)
Newhope
Warrenton
Camac
Georgia Railro
AUGUSTA 14
(399) FROM MAC
KNOXVILLE, Te
To CROSS PLAINS
(see No. 382)...
Stage.
Spring Place
Pleasant Valley..
Cleveland, Tenn.
Calhoun
Holmes' Valley ..
Steamboat.
PENSACOLA
(391) F'M AUGUST
KNOXVILLE, T<
Via Greenville, -S
Askville, JV.
To Hamburg, S.C.
Edgefield
Duntonsville
Longmire's Store.
Winter Sent
Fraziersville
ABBEVILLE
Temple of Health
Varennes
HUNTSVILLE
(395) FROM MILLI
VILLE TO CL
VILLE,
Via Athens
To Cloptonsville .
Eatonton
Mantua .
Athens
Philadelphia
Blain's Ferry..,.
Salem
l(
10
56
>66
Campbell's Sta'n
KNOXVILLK
Watkinsville....
ROUTES IN FLORIDA.
179
TO CHARLESTO
Via Macon Sr AIL
ToEllerslie
Waverly Hall...
Bluff Springs....
Bellevue
N.
CUS
8
7
5
11
11
6
i R
18
43
ona
171
Rl
137
UMI
II .
n /
8
8
8
16
1
jad
10
10
10
I
12
13
10
12
15
10
10
10
!*
I'M I
N.
'. 8
. 7
. 7
. 5
. 11
ta.
1
24
31
38
43
54
65
71
R.
s<i
132
1
303
440
JUS
71
IR.
79
87
95
111
112
122
142
150
155
167
180
IHII
302
207
232
242
252
3i d
JUS
16
2-1
31
38
a
54
Barnesville
Union ville
INDIAN SPRINGS..
Planter's .
t
17
11
10
7
8
14
M
1
1
1
1
2>
13
10
Ml
L.I
11
21
11
18
25
13
15
28
J
%
22
:D
VII
e.
17
17
12
8
3
70
87
96
!OH
115
12 i
137
3US
14
21
35
47
;2
r:i
7h
84
89
101
103
133
146
156
JUS
12
23
44
55
73
IN
12S
ill
150
184
1%
_>!:;
238
25*
2*0
JE-
AS-
13
30
47
59
67
71)
VILLE TO COLU
S. C.
Via Augusta
To Devereaux'
Store . . .
Ml
.
8
12
i
!!
9
4
10
l
20
9
7
M
18
12
JO
VH
48
35
2(1
1.;
12
27
6
16
VH
OJ
\H
)!,.
2!
:'-
12
11
42
38
15
CO
ia.
14
,E
15
IA,
15
23
35
4
)6i
b'5i
~t
95
96
116
125
112
142
160
172
us-
AS-
24
72
107
127
142
154
181
187
194
210
\s-
I.
26
\s-
L.
21
42
67
79
33
135
173
180
195
LA
fiO
74
TO
g
Monticello
Shadydale
Sparta. . . .
Pleasant Hill....
Thomaston
Union Hill
Barnesville
Jlfaconfy Wester
(403) FROM COLTJ
TO ROME.
To Cataula
Hamilton
Carlisle
Mayfield
Warrenton
Camac
Oeorgia Railro
Thompson. ..
Dearing
ATLANTA
LA GRANGE
Corinth
Bell Air 1
Georgia Raid
AUGUSTA.
Watson's
Newnan
Ferry.
Hamburg, S. C. ..
Stage.
Edgefield C. H. . .
Lott's
Ridge
(see No. 385)..
South Carolina
CHARLESTON...
(see No. 383)..
(401) FROM COL
TO SAVANNA
To BARNESV'LE
(see No. 400)..
JWaeon < Westei
Depot ,...
Lodi.
Rotherwood
Carrolltori
Hickory Level
Van Wert
Leesville
ROME
Lexington
COLUMBIA
(407) FR'M ST. A
TINE TO TALL
SEE.
ToWhitesville (or
Garey's Ferry) .
Newnansville
Lancaster
(404) FROM COLU
TO APALACHICC
Steamboat.
To Ft. Mitchell ..
OrwicheeBend...
M 'Cloud's Ferry .
Forsyth
tattsville
ACON
EUFAULA
Ft. Gaines
Columbia
Mineral Spring .
Columbus
Central Railr
Larksville
Gordon. . .
Madison
Brown's Ferry ...
CHAT'AHOOCHEE
Ochessee
Prison Bluff
loin
Lipona
Lake Laura
TALLAHASSEE ...
(408) FROM TALL.
SEE TO PORT LB
By Railroad
(409) FROM TALL
SEE TO PENSAC(
To Q,uincy...
Kingston
Emmet
Oconee
Davisboro'
Depot
Ft. Gadsden
Apalachicola
(405) FROMMlLLI
VILLE TO TALL,
SEE, Flor.
Via Bainbrida,
To Wallace
MACON
Busbay ville
Pe rry
Holcomb
Midville..
Brinsonville
Scarboro'
Chattahoochee . . .
MariamiR
Depot
Halcyondale
Armenia
Webbville
Campbellton
Almirante
Milton
Reform
Eden Depot
SAVANNAH
(402) FROM COL
TO MADISO
ToEllerslie
Waverly Hall...
Bluff Springs-;,..
Bellevue
Pleasant Hill
Thomaston
Limestone
Marshnllville
Floridatown
Traveller's Rest..
Americns
17 87
17 KM
IX 1_-
7:129
5134
2(1154
40194
25219
10,229
11240
(410) FROM PENSA
TO MOBILE, A
ToBlakely
MOBILE
(411) FROM MOBIJ
CHARLESTON
ToBlakely
Stockton
Stark ville...,.:...
Palmyra
Albany
Newton . '
BAINBRIDGE
!Q,uincy, Flor
Salubrity
i TALLAHASSEE ..
180
ROUTEb IN ALABAMA.
Mt. Pleasant
Claiborne
Burnt Corn
Greenville ,
Kirkville
Sandy Ridge . . .
Hickory Grove .
PintLala
MONTGOMERY .
West Point
Atlanta
Augusta
CHARLESTON ..
361 65
18 83
25108
57 Ilifi
11176
5181
5 isi;
1019(5
13209
87 '296
. 10S.404
. 171 575
. 137ibl2
(414) FROM MOBILE TO
COLUMBUS, Miss.
Steamboat.
To Ft. St. Philip .
(412) FR'M MOBILE TO
MONTGOMERY.
Steamboat.
To Ft. St. Philip.)
Ft. Stodder 18
.'ombigbee River.l 5
English's Landing' 9
bait's Landing... 25
James' Landing-.
French's Lauding
Oliver's Ferry ...
Gosport w
Turkey Shoals ...
9107
8115
13128
Bell's Landing ... 15143
Lower Peach-tree.
Black Bluff L'd'g 11 163
[Jpper Peach-tree.
Prairie Bluff'.
Canton
Bridgeport
Bor --".'"
Por
ogue Chitto
Portland
Centreport
King's Landing..
CAHAWBA
Senna
Frederick's Land.
Beuton
Miller's Ferry
Vernon
Lowndesport
Washington
MONTGOMERY ...
9 Iti
13176
11187
10197
3200
12 212
5217
3220
16256
9265
10317
9326
12,338
Ft. Stodder
Alabama River ..
Mclntosh Bluff...
Crawford's Land-
18' 39
5! 44
13 57
Sunflower Bend..
McMillan's Bluff.
Shield's Ferry
St. Stephen's
Stark's Landing .
7 85
7 92
8100
12112
* L'O
13 133
Shelbyville | 71208
Fosterville |13 221
Murfreesboro'. . . . (12 233
COFFEEVILLE...
Turner's Shoals.., .
Wood's Bluff....! 7140
Cades Landing... 10150
Nanaf'alia Bluff.. 21 171
Turkey Shoals ... I4l8o
Moscow 21206
DEMOPOLIS 14 2-0
Tusca lot. sa River. 1 2222
Buzznrdroust Bl'ff 28 20
Jones' Bluff. 14264
Trussell's Land's. .12276
GAINESVILLE 7283
.lamestown 12295
Vieurra 10305
Fairfield 15320
Ringo's Bluff....i 9329
Pickensville
Young's Bluff,
Miss 8346
COLUMBUS 23,369
(415) FROM MOBILE TO
NEW ORLEANS,
By Steamboat....! 1164
(416) FROM MOBILE TO
PENSACOLA.
ToBlakely 1 14
PENSACOLA 601 74
(417) F'M TUSCALOOSA
TO NASHVILLE,
Via Huntsville.
To Bucksville..
Jonesboro'
Ely ton
Mt. Pinson
Village Springs .. _
Blountsville !19 __
Martin's Stand.... 110105
Oleander 1 14 119 1
Lacy's Springs... jll 130'
Whitesburg 4134!
HUNTSVILLE..... !10 144
Meridianville 8152;
Hazel Green ! 6il58i
Fayettevilie,Tenn 16 174
Lynrhhnrg 15I18U;
FlatCieek ItfiHi;
Stuartsboro'
Buchanansville...
NASHVILLE
14 247
82.35
12267
(418) F'M TUSCALOOSA
TO CORTLAND.
To Northport ....
Jew Lexington . .
Idridge..,
Thorn Hill
Camp Spring
Moulton
CORTLAND
23 24
28 52
22 74
19 ! 93
10103
16119
(419) F'M TUSCALOOSA
TO COLUMBUS, Miss.
ToCarrolltou ....! [42
Pickeusville Ill 53
Nashville, Miss... 10 63
COLUMBUS 16 79
(420) F'M TUSCALOOSA
TO MOBILE.
To Demopolis I
(see No. 413) ...|
St. Stephen's 85 149
MOBILE 168217
(421) F'M TUSCALOOSA
TO MONTGOMERY.
To Mars
Scottsville
Centreville
.......
Randolph ... .....
... ..... _.
Maplesville ....... 10
Kingston ......... 24 ..
Coosada .......... 20106
Wetumpka ....... | 4110
MONTGOMERY ... 115 125
(422) F'M MONTGOM'RY
TO AUGUSTA, Ga.
Via West Point.
Montgomery and West
Point RR.
ToCreyon's ......
eyon's ......
ider's .......
Uphaupee
Chehaw
Stage.
Auburn
Mt. Jefferson..
Cusseta
West Point !!
AUGUSTA
(see No. 387)... 279 366
(423) FRQM MONTGOM
ERY TO ROME, Ga.
j To Wetumpka. ..I I 1&
[Eockfotd b! 38
ROUTES IN ALABAMA.
181
Sylacauga..
Weewokaville ...
Mardisville
Talladega ,
Kelly's Springs..,
Fife's ,
Alexandria
JACKSONVILLE..,
Ladiga
BtateLine, Ga. .,
Cave Spring ,
Vann's Valley...,
ROME
18114
10 124
13137
!.> 1/2
4 156
5161
12173
(424) FROM MONTGOM-
ERY TO HUNTSVILLE.
To Jacksonville I I
(see Nb. 423) ...I 124
Cove Creek 13137
Bennettsville |15 152
Aurora 10162
Marshall 17179
Claysville ! 5 184
HUNTSVILLE 35219
(425) F'w MONTG'MERY
TO COLUMBUS, Miss.
Via Selma.
To Washington..! I 10
Vernon 10 20
Mulberry 13! 33
SELMA 18; 51
Valley Creek I 3i 54
Hamburg 15 69
Marion .
.1 7
Greensboro' ...... 118 94
Erie .............. 13107
Eutaw ........... 12119
Sp
Cli
712.4
1130
._ r >ringfield
Clinton
Pleasant Ridge...
Vienna
Pickensville
Nashville, Miss...
COLUMBUS
(426) FROM MONTGOM-
ERY TOTUSCALOOSA.
To Wetumpka... ,
4| 19
Coosada. .
Kingston
Map
Ran
plesville 24 63
10 ! 73
14: 87
8 9')
6101
TUSCALOOSA 24 125
(427) FROM MONTGOM-
ERY TO MOBILE.
JToPintLala
andolph
Centreville
Scottsville
Mars .
Hickory Grove...
Sandy Ridge
Kirkville
Greenville
28
33
11 44
Burnt Corn 57J01
Claiborne 25 12ti
Mt. Pleasant 18 144
Stockton 36il80
Blakely 15 19=)
MOBILE 141209
FR'M MONTGOMERY TO
MOBILE.
Steamboat.
To Mobile
(see No. 412) ...I 1338
(428) F'M MONTG'MERY
TO COLUMBUS, Ga.
ToMt. Meigs.
Cababachie ...
Cross Keys ....
Tuskegee
Society Hill...
Crawford
Gerard
COLUMBUS ...
1 82
(429) FROM SELMA TO
HUNTSVILLE.
To Wood lawn...
L'lantersville
Maplesville
Montevallo
Shelbyville
Elylon
HUNTSVILLK
(see No. 427) ...
90177
(430) FROM SELMA TO
GREENVILLE.
To Cahawba
Barnes
Pleasant Hill
Farmersville
Bragg's
Manningham
GREENVILLE
(431) FROM SELMA TO
TUSCALOOSA.
To Valley C reek. |,
Hamburg
Marion
Greensboro'
Havanna
Carthage , _
TUSCALOOSA 17i 83
(432) F'M HUNTSVILLE
TO KNOXVILLE, Tenn.
To Newmarket,
Ala
Salem
Winchester
Hillsboro'
Hickory Creek...
McMinnville
Rock Island
SPARTA
Bonair.
Railroad Plains ..
Crossville
Bellville
I'ost-oak Springs .
Kingston
Wood's Hill
Campbell's Stat'n
KNOXVILLE
61116
61123
6128
20148
5 153
7160
i!79
185
(433) F'M HUNTSVILLE
TO NASHVILLE, Tenn.
To Meridianville.l
Hazel Green I .
Fayetteville,Teun 16
Mulberry..
Lynchburg
Flat Creek 12
Shelby ville | 7
Fosterville 13
Murfreesboro' 12 _
Stuartsboro' 14 103
uchanansville...i 8 111
ASHVILLE 12123
(434) F'M HUNTSVILLK
TO FLORENCE.
To Shoal Ford ...
Athens
Rogersville
Mason ville 14 __
FLORENCE I 9 71
(435) F'M HUNTSVILLK
TO FLORENCE.
To Decatur I ! 31
Tuscumbia <$r Decatur
Railroad.
Hillsboro' .,
Cortland . . .
12(43
8 51
13 64
10 74
4 ! 78
Leightc..
Tuscumbia
FLORENCE
(436) FROM FLORENCE
TO AUGUSTA, Ga.
ToMasonvil!e....l I 9
Rogersville 12 21
Athens 23 44
Shoal Ford 12| 56
HUNTSVILLE ""
Cobb's Store
Newhope
Cottonville
(Claysville (
ffl
81
10 91
7 98
d'g).
Gunter'sL
Marshall....
Van Buren .
Galesville..
Ballplay
Missionary Stat'n, .
Ga Ifi!l70
ROME 12182
Kingston 18200
6104
5,109
18127
18145
91154
182
ROUTES IN LOUISIANA.
Allatoona
Ac worth
Marietta
Atlantn
Georgia RR.
AUGUSTA
(see No. 385)..
201220
20260
171 451
C437) F'M FLORENCE TO
NASHVILLE, Tenu.
To Lnwrenceburg I 36
Mt. Pleasant .....
Colunil)ia ........ 151
Spring Hill ....... 1-' Hi
Franklin ......... 12 93
- : "- "> ^
Good S f :
NASHVILLE 113.111
(438) FROM FLORENCE
TO MEMPHIS, Tetm.
To Young's
Roads . .
15
48
Combs' Store
Adamsville
Purdy ..
Rose Creek 10 75
.,:... ^2 97
7104
.''11190
. 5125
. 5130
4134
8142
,, , 6148
Raleigh | 7 155
MEMPHIS 101165
(439) F'M FLORENCE TO
COLUMBUS, Mi
ToTuscumbia...
Russellville
Tollgate
Pikeville
Moscow
Border Spring,
Miss
COLUMBUS
Bolivar
Middleburg.
New Castle.
Whitehall.*.'.'.'.'
Oakland
Birch Pond....
Morning Sun
Green Bottom
100
17117
(439J) FR'M FLORENCE
TO PADUCAH,
(Moutii of Tennessee
River.)
Steamboat.
To Savannah,
Tenn .........
Perrysville... .... .
Reynoldsburg
PADUCAH, Ken.. 10ol276
DCf* For distances on
the Mississippi, Ohio,
and Missouri R : "
(4i0) F'M N. ORLEANS iCamden..
TO NATCHEZ. !| Ft. Co u pee L'd'g.
To La Fayette . . . J I 2 Lit. Missouri Riv.
Bonnet Carre 36 38 Hallasport
Hrinjrier's 20 58 Manchester
Donadsonville ... 15 73
New River 10, 83
Iberville 9: 92
221 70S
I0 ! 715
26741
Manchac
. 10 102
Haton Rouge 10112
ARCHIDELPHIA ..
(443) F'M N. ORLEANS
TO SHREVEPORT.
Steamboat . |
-' 236
Port Hudson: ". ". '.'.'. 34 Mti To Red River L'g
St. Francisville...; 2 148, j Alexandria 84320
West Fdiciana RR.
Lmirel Hill 17
SHRVVKPORT 86ij
165'
Co!d Spring 15
iNATCHKZ .20.all
(441) F'M N. ORLEANS
TO FT. GIBSON, Ind.
Ter.
Steamboat.
Wood vi lie.'.'.'. '.'.'. 11 176 (444) F'M N. ORLEANS
TO GALVESTOS, Tex.
By Steamboat.'...! 1450
(445) F'M N. ORLEANS
TO MOBILE.
Steam ho<it.
To Pass Christian.
To
'o Napoleon, I
(m. of Arkan-!
sas River) ! ,
M'tgomery's Pt. 20 640
Post of Arkansas 451 685
D:.. t>i. .A" ion! onr
I 620
Pine Bluff
120 805
LITTLE ROCK . 10(
Lewisburg .... 651 970
Dardanelte ..... 4511015
Spadra Bluff...! 301045
' Bluff 61051
15 10H6
10 1076
601136
Me Lai n a s Bott.
Ozark
Van Buren
FORT SMITH... I 91145
Fort Coffee ! 201165
Webber's Falls. 60 1225
FORT GIBSON. . I 40 1265
(4410 F'M N. ORLEANS
TO OPELOUSAS.
Steamboat.
100217
To Plaquemine. .
OPELOUSAS
(442) F'M N. ORLEANS
TO ARCHIDELPHIA,
Ark.
Steamboat.
To Mouth of Red
River
Trinity (Washita
River)
Harrisonburg
Columbia
MONROE .
Burk's Landing,
Ark
Benson's Land. .
,,.,Ciiampagnole ...
ii Beach Hills
Mississippi City ..
Pascaguuia. .
14' '^
30109
MOBILE (55164
(446) F'M N. ORLEANS
TO LOCOPOLIS, Miss.
Steamboat. \ \
To Month of Yo-
zoo River |420
Satartia 52472
YxzooCiTY 21493
'IVhula '57550
Marion 33583
LOCOPOLIS 177.660
(447) F'M N. ORLEANS
TO HOUSTON, Texas.
To OPELOUSAS I I
(see No. 44H) . . | |217
Buchanan's Ferry 90307
Billion's Ferry
Pattillos, Texas..
Beaumont
Liberty
HOUSTON
3,340
12352
50;402
501452
(448) F'MN. ORLEANS
TO AUSTIN, Texas,
Via Natchitoches .
Steamboat.
To NATCHITO-
CHES
(see No. 443)...
414
.,-.,. Fort Jessup 25 439
22 380 I >owe's Ferry .... 29 468
6-1444 SM bine Town
79 523
m r;:>3
8,073
10,683!
Texas ' 2 470
Milan 15
485
San Augustine... 15500
NACOGDOCHES... 351535
Douglass 15550
lt. Airy 10,560
ROUTES IN TEXAS AND ARKANSAS.
183
Crockett 37597
Cincinnati 30bJ<
Huntsville 15 W2
Montgomery 25 66^
Husk
Funthorp'
! 12 679
5684
WASHINGTON 18 702
Independence 11 713
Mt. Vernoii 10723
Shelby's 15738
Rutersville 19
La Grange 5 -
Plum Grove 9771
Mt. Pleasant 20791
Bastrop 11802
Webber's Prairie. 15 817
AUSTIN 18.835
(449) FR'M GALVESTON
TO WASHINGTON,
Via. Houston.
To Houston I I 80
Myrtle Turf 30110
ASHINGTON..
>|i45
(450) FR'M GALVESTON
TO MATAGORDA.
To San Louis....! J 28
Cedar Grove ..
MATAGORDA . .
.25! 90
(451) F'M VELASCO TO
WASHINGTON.
To Brazoria ......
Columbia
! 18
II '>U
Qrozimba
Sig Creek ........
.ichmond ........
San Felipe de
Austin ..........
Burleigh .........
Travis ............
Cedar Creek ......
WASHINGTON
(452) F'M MATAGORDA
TO AUSTIN.
To Preston
Peach Creek
Kpypt
Columbus
La Grange
\USTI!
(454) FR'M GALVESTON
TO CORPUS CHRISTI.
ToMatngorda....
Tex turn.
Victoria
Goiiad
CORPUS CHRISTI
d90
130
154
:-M 188
4j 233
(455) F'M SAN AUGUS-
TINE TO BoNHAM.
JS
>' 08
36 74
23 97
20 !:'
20 152
n im
\ I IS.'!
n; i!:i
15214
15229
222:-
22 2J 3
142*7
18305
To Shelby viile ...
Hillyar's
Klysian Fields
Marshall
Smithland
Hughes
Dai.igerfield
Weaver's
UeKalb..
Savmmah .
Blossom Prairie..
Honey Grove. ...
BONHAM
(456) F'M LITTLE ROCK
TO ST. Louis, Mo.
ToSearcyC. H...
Batesville
Reed's Creek
Smithville
Jackson
Fourche De'Mas .
Hicks' Ferry
Cane Creek, Mo..
Greenville
Fredericktown ...
Mine La Motte...
Fiirmington
35 98 Caledonia
9107 Porofi
(see No. 448) .,,
I 40
8 48
l-j' t;u
!KJ
35J125
73198
453) F'M LA GRANGE
TO SAN ANTONIO DE
BEXAR.
ToGonznleg... I 50
Old Mines ........
Glenfinlas ........
Hillsboro'
I 55
40 95
20115
5120
15 ia">
16151
H 'f?
23215
35250
4254
4258
22280
9308
10318
Clifton 15.
-volt's Suip/iur I
Springs ' 4337
Jetlersoi i Barracks 11 1348
Carondelet 5353
ST. Louis ! 6,359
(457) F'M LITTLE ROCK
TO FORT GIBSON.
To Lewisburg
Pt. Remove
Dwight
Scotia
Pittoburg
Clarksville
j... .........
SAN ANTONIO DE Pleasant Hill
BKXAR l&lliJOllVan Buren
I 45
6 51
56 77
H 83
8 91
8 99
12111
:, i-ji;
12 188
231161
FORT SMITH 15166
Kedron 128194
Mnckey's Salt I I
Works 18,212
FORT GIBSON.... 20 232
(458) F'M LITTLE ROCK
TO FORT TOWSON.
To Collegeville. ..
Renton
Rockport
" ymond .
Washington ....
47122
Ultima Thule....
Eagletown
FORT TOWSON ..
(459) F'M LITTLE ROCK
TO NAPOLEON.
To Pine Bluff.... I 150
Richland ......... 20 70
Arkansas Post.... 47 117
Wellington ....... 16133
White River ..... I 6139
NAPOLEON ....... 9148
(460) F'M LITTLE ROCK
TO HELENA.
To Clarendon ....I
Lawrence vi lie ---- 15
Big Creek ........ 28
........
HELENA .......... 19122
(461) F'M LITTLE ROCK
TO MOUTH OF WHITK
RIVER.
To Rock Roe....
Stcaniliont.
Mouth of White
River .......... (140203
(462) F'M LITTLE ROCK
TO MEMPHIS, Tenn.
ToCache ........ | I 60
MEMPHIS ........ |98!158
(463) F'M LITTLE ROCK
TO SHREVEPORT, La.
To WASHINGTON' 1122
Spring FHII ....... 25147
Lewisville ........ 26173
Belleview, La. ...|52225
SHREVEPORT 118 243
(464) F'M LITTLE ROCK
TO BOSTON, Texas.
To WASHINGTON! 1122
Fulton ............ 15137
BOSTON .......... 551192
184
ROUTES IN MISSISSIPPI.
(465) FR'M VAN BUREN
TO JEFFERSON CITY,
Mo.
To Fayetteville. .
Montgomery
<>anklin
Bentonville
Springfield, Mo..
JE
20 70
100170
IEFFERSON CITY! 401210
(466) F'M NATCHEZ TO
CINCINNATI, O.
Via Columbus, Wash-
ville, (V* Lexington.
Mississippi Railroad.
To Washington .
Malcolm ...
Stage.
Gallatin
Line Store
Newtown
JACKSON j 10100
Canton j 23J123
11141
6147
H l.u
"192
217
.223
18241
117 358
Sharon
Springfield
Ot'ahotna
Hopahka
Louisville
Choctaw Agency
Shoco
COLUMBUS
FLORENCE
(see No. 4 ) ..
NASHVILLE
(see No. 437) ..111469
CINCINNATI
(see No. 478) .. 1291760
(467) F'M NATCHEZ TO
MAYSVILLE, Ky.
To LEXINGTON 1
(see Nos. 466 &
478)
Moretand.,
Paris .
i
676
8684
8699
6.05
S713
733
Millershurg
Forest Retreat
Lower Blue Lick.
"day's Lick
yVasnington
MAYSVILLE
(468) F'M NATCHEZ TO
LOUISVILLE, Ky.
To NASHVILLE
(see No. 466) .. 469
LOUISVILLE
(see No. 481) ..181650
(469) F'M NATCHEZ TO
MEMPHIS,
Via Jackson, Lexing-
ton, &r Holly Springs.
To JACKSON I
(see No. 466)... llOO
Canton 23123
^exington
Jlackllawk....
^arrollton
Grenada
Oakachickuma. . .
Coffeeville
lagsdale's Stand
Oxford
College Hill
Wyatt..
Waterford
Jolly Springs ...
\. Mt. Pleasant .
Jolliersville
jrerrnantown ....
MEMPHIS
20143
12 l.V.
7162
15 177
r> i!i2
21213
131226
41230
141244
I6i260
6266
8274
10284
9293
15308
15323
! 9332
14346
;470) FR'MVICKSBURG
TO JACKSON.
To Bovina
Edwards' Depot..
Bolton's
(Jlinton
JACKSON
FACKSON
NATCHEZ
(see No. 473) ..
13
lit
, 27
8 1 35
9i 44
(471) F'M JACKSON TO
GAINESVILLE, Ala.
Po Brandon
Uentennary Coll..
Hillsboro'
County Line
475) FROM COLUMBUS
TO M E M PHI s , Ten n .
Via Pontotoc $ Holly
Springs.
To Waverly....
Colbert
Hamilton
Aberdeen
Jotton-gin Port
PONTOTOC
Cypress Creek..
Herbert 11 _
DeKalb 20106
GAINESVILLE .... 32 138
472) F'M JACKSON TO
VICKSBURG.
Vicksburg and Clinton
Railroad.
To Clinton
Bolton's
Ed ward's Depot..
Bovina
VICKSBURG
(473) F'M JACKSON TO
NATCHEZ.
To Newton I I 10
Line Store 12; 22
Gallatin 15 37
Malcolm 331 70
Mississippi Railroad.
Washington 114! 84
NATCHEZ 1161100
(474) FROM COLUMBUS
TO NATCHEZ.
To Choctaw Ag'yl I 24
Louisville 25i 4
Hopahka 371 86
Springfield 14100
Canton Il8118
23:141
iooW
Cypress C
rlilton...
Waterford
HOLLY SPRINGS..
MEMPHIS .
25104
16120
5125
9134
53,187
(476) FR'M NASHVILLE
TO WASHINGTON,D.C.
Via Knoxville.
To Green Hill
Cedar Grove..
Lebanon
Three Forks..
Alexandria...
Liberty...
Smithville
Allen's Ferry
Sparta.
.
10 6*7
6 73
Bonair Springs..
Railroad Plains..
Cross vi
Belle ville '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Post Oak Springs.
Kingston
Wood's Hill
Campbell's Stat'n
KNOXVILLE
Academia
Blain'sX Roads..
Rutledge...
Bean's Station ...
Rocky Spring
Red Brid
89
6|107
20127
5132
7139
19158
6164
15179
10189
9198
14 212
9221
4225
ige
Rogersville
Yellow Store...
Lyon's Store ...
New Canton . ..
Kingsport
Eden's Ridge...
BLOUNTSVILLE
Saplin Grove...
ABINGDON, Va.
Cedarville
Glade Spring I 5318
Seven-mileFord.. 11329
Marion i 6335
Pleasant Hill 11346
Rural Retreat.... | 7353
WYTHEVILLE 9362
Draper's Valley.. 18380
Newbern 11 391
Ingle's Ferry i 7398
10242
8250
32>3
7260
9269
6275
9284
9293
13306
7313
ROUTES IN TENNESSEE.
185
Christiansburg . . .
La Fayette
Salem
Eig Lick
isbon
Liberty
Otter Bridge
New London
12410
1U ]:;:,,
440
8472
479
. 11 490
70 560
LYNCHBURG
CHARLOTTES-
VILLE ........... ----
FREDEKICKSB'RG 85 (545
AquiaCr'k L'd'gl4659
Sttamboat.
Alexandria ....... 57
WASHINGTON 7i723
(477) FROM NASHVILLE
TO MAYSVILLE, Ky.
To Glasgow
(see No. 478)...
Harrodsburg ..... .
..... .. _..
Lexington ........ 31J20;
MAYSVILLK ...... I6H26S
(478) FROM NASHVILLE
TO CINCINNATI.
To Pleasant Hill..
Hendersonville ...
Gallatin
State Line
Icottsville, Ky. . .
_. -
13! 72
12 84
|13 97
Lewis ............
GLASGOW ........
Blue Spi ing Grove|
Three Springs-..- 4101
Monroe ........... I 6 107
Greensburg ....... |11 118
Campbel!sville...il2130
Newmarket ...... 12142
Lebanon ......... 6 148
Perry ville ......... i 18 166
HARRODSBURG . . 10 176
Shawnee Run....! 7183
Nicbolasville ..... Il2 195
LEXINGTON ...... 112207
8215
4219
Delphton
Georgetown
Williamstown....35254
Crittenden 11265
Florence 16281
Covington 92-40
CINCINNATI 1291
(479) FROM NASHVILLE
TO MAYSVILLE, Ky.
To Lexington
(see No. 478) . . .
Moreland
Paris
Millersbnrg
Forest Retreat....
Lower Blue Lick
May's Lick
Washington
MAYSVILLE
8244
12256
4268
(480) FROM NASHVILLE
TO SMITHLAND, Ky.
Steamboat.
16:
12 77
30107
12 11B
16135
28163
roClarksville....
I'almyra
Dover
I'obaccoport
Danton, Ky
Eddy ville
SMITHLAND, (at
the mouth of
CumberrdRiv.)35198
(481) FROM NASHVILLE
TO LOUISVILLE, Ky.
To Pleasant Hill.. I i 7
Mansker's Creek.! 6 13
Pyree Springs.... 7. 20
Mitchell ville 14 34
Franklin
BOWLING GREEN
Dripping Spring.. 14
Three Forks 8
Woodson ville 11
" .10
MumrordsvUe .-
..eesville 8116
.Volen -"'"
ttlizabethtown ..
West Point 22160
Saliim 10170
LOUISVILLE 11 181
(482) FROM NASHVILLE
TO SMITHLAND, Ky.
To Mt. Henry...
Fredonia 5
Clarksville 11
Oak Grove 12
Hopkinsville 14j 72
Cemlian Spring.. 16 8
Princeton 10 98
Fredonia 14112
Salem 10122
SMITHLAND ! 15 137
(483) FROM NASHVILLE
TO COLUMBUS, Ky.
To Chesnut Grove
Charlotte
Batson's
Waverly -
REYNOLDSBURG
Sandy Hill
Paris
Barren Hill
Boydsville
19 88
12100
7107
13120
oydsvil _.
Feliciana 16136
Clinton 11147
COLUMBUS 12 159
(484) FROM NASHVILLE
TO MEMPHIS.
To REYNOLDSB'G I
(see No. 483)... 69
Camden loj 79
Sandy Ridge
HUNTINGDON
Reullara
S. Carroll
Spring Creek
7105
9114
7121
131134
Jackson +.
Medon 121146
BOLIVAR 16 Ifc2
Middleburg I 7169
xNewcastle I 5174
SOMERVILLE 11185
Whitehall
Oakland
Birch Pond
Morning Sun
Green Bottom
Raleigh
5190
i 195
4 199
8207
6213
7 220
MEMPHIS ........ 10 230
(485) FROM NASHVILLE
TO NATCHEZ,
Via Columbus < Jack-
son.
To Good Spring..
Franklin
Spring Hill....
Columbia
Mt. Pleasant . .
Lawrenceburg
FLORENCE, Alt
Tuscumbia
Russellville....
Tollgate
Pikevilie '10J177
Moscow 19196
Border Spr'g, Miss 15211
COLUMBUS 17
.36111
.! 5116
. 18134
. 3:1167
Choctaw Agency.
24252
25 277
37314
8322
6328
11339
7346
Loirsville
Hopahka
Ofahoma
Springfield
Sharon
Canton _
"ACKSON 23369
NATCHEZ '
(see No. 473)... 100 469
(486) FROM NASHVILLE
TO MOBILE,
Via F/orence, Ma. t $-
Columbus, Miss.
To Florence
(see No. 485)..
Columbus
(see No. 485)..
Steamboat.
MOBILE
117228
369597
(487) FROM NASHVILLE
TO MOBILE, Ala.
Via Hunts-Gill e $ Tus-
caloosa.
To Mur frees boro*. I j 34
Fosterville 1121 46
186
ROUTES IN TENNESSEE.
helbyville [13] 59
lynchburg 19j 78
ayetteville 15 93
azel Green ......
eridianville .....
NTSVILLE .....
hitesburg ......
Lacy's Springs...
Oleander
Mer
HU
Wh
16109
10133
4137
11 148
Marti 'n r s Stand ". ". i I 14 162
Blountsville 1 10 172
Village Springs.. 19191
Mt. Pinson 8 199
Elyton 14213
Jonesboro' 11224
Bucksville 11235
TUSCALOOSA
MOBIL;
'So.
(see No. 420)... 217 484
(488) FROM NASHVILLE
TO CHARLESTON, S.C.
Via Augusta, Ga.
To Murfreesboro'.
Millersburg 10
Beach Grove 11
Manchester 13
Hillsboro' i "
Pelham I - __
Battle Creek 25 110
Jasper I 4114
Lookout Valley.. 21 135
CHATTANOOGA...] 6(141
West'n d'- Atlantic RR.
Cross Plains, Ga.
Oostanaula
Kingston
Marietta
ATLANTA
Georgia Railroad . \
AUGUSTA 11711462
South Carolina RR. \
CHARLESTON ...I
(489) FROM NASHVILLE
TO CHARLESTON, S.C.
Newport 18228]
Warm Springs,
N. C ..27255!
ASHVILLE 37292
"IH
CoTuMBiA ."'. .^. .1051459
Branchville & Columbia
Railroad.
Branchville 1681527
South Carolina RR.
CHARLESTON ....1621589
(490) FR'M KNOXVILLE
TO RALEIGH.
To Strawberry
Plains .
12 37
Newmarket
Panther Springs.. _
Cheek's * Roads. 11 48
GREENVILLE 27; 75
Rheutown 110 85
10,85
18118
Elizabethtown ...
Moore's
Works
Iron
TAYLORSVILLE...
9149
Jefferson, N. C. ..26! 175
Wilkesboro' 130:205
Hamptonville
Hunts ville ,
Salem
GREENSBORO' ...
Haw River
17 206' Cliapei "Hill. '. '.'.'.
0=0011
boro' .
. . ....
RALEIGH .........
26231
18249
19268
27295
23318
19337
12349
28377
(491) FR'M KNOXVILLE
TO CINCINNATI, O.
Via Knoxville.
13 45
5 50
7
Ki
To Lebanon
Three Forks
Alexandria
Liberty
Smithville
SPARTA
Bonair Springs... 6 9o
Crossville 12107
Belleville 120127
5132
7139
Postoak Springs. .
Wi
1
ood'sHill 19158
Rutledge...
Beans' Station . . .
Tazewell
Cumberland Gap
Cumberland Ford;l5 _.
Barboursville jl6| 97
Lynn Camp 12109
London 13122
Mt. Vernon 19141
Stanford 23 164
8172
8180
12 192
12204
84'288
Lancaster
Burnt Tavern...
;Nicholasville...
LEXINGTON
CINCINNATI
(see No. 478) .
) FR'M KNOXVILLE
TO MEMPHIS,
Via Nashville.
Campbell's Stat'n I 6164 To Cnmpbell'
KNOXVILLE ...... jlojl/9 II Stati
Dandridge ........ ISl'SlO, I Wood'
Kingston ........
J ostoak Springs.
Belleville
Jrossyille
EJonair Springs..
SPARTA
Smithville
Liberty
Alexandria
Phree Forks
V ASHVILLE
MEMPHIS
(see No. 483)...
(493) FR'M KNOXVILLE
TO HUNTSVILLE, Ala.
To Campbell's I
Station |,
Kingston .
Cnmpbell's I I
ation ......... 15
od's Hill ...... i 6 21
191 40
7 47
5 52
! 20 72
12 84
. 6! 90
.22112
. 10 122
.! 71129
.18147
.32179
Postoak Springs..
Belleville
Urossyille
Bonair Springs...
Rock Island
McMinnville
[lillsboro'
Winchester
Salem
Newmarket, Ala.
HUNTSVILLE
90
103
116
138
Jl56
10166
17183
171200
(494) FR'M KNOXVILLE
TO SAVANNAH, Ga.
To Campbell's
Station
Blains' Ferry
Philadelphia
Athens _.
Mantua 10
104
Calhoun..
Cleveland ....... jll
Pleasant Valley,
Ga
Spring Place | 6110
CROSS PLAINS... I 91119
West' nfr Atlantic RR.
Connasauga 7 126
Oostanaula 8134
Oothkaloga
William's
KINGSTON
Etowah river
Allatoona
Acworth
Marietta
5139
10il49
10159
13172
7179
6185
14 199
Chattahoochee RJ 12211
ATLANTA | 81219
Macon &r Western RR.
MACON 1101320
E. Macon I 1321
Central Railroad.
Savannah 11901511
ROUTES IN TENNESSEE.
187
(495) FROM KNOXVILLE
TO CHARLESTON, S. C.
T \^&:\ U
j&S.%ZBb
South, Carolina R-R-
Charleston 11371527
(496) F'M MEMPHIS TO
NASHVILLE.
To Raleigh !Q
Morning Sun.... la
Oakland 12
Whitehall
SOMERVILLE
Newcastle
Middleburg
BOLIVAR
Jackson
S. Carroll
HUNTINGTON
Camden
REYNOLDSBURG.
Waverly
Charlotte
NASHVILLE
lose Creek
Purdy....
Adamsville
bombs' Store... .
Savannah
40
45
56
63
. 68
28 96
20116
16132
19 151
10 161
9170
5 1!IL
38230
(497) F'M MEMPHIS TO
COLUMBUS, Miss.
To Germantown.l
Colliersville f
HOLLY SPHINGS,
Miss
Waterfbrd
Milton
Cypress Creek....
i
16
25108
PONTOTOC
Cotton-gin Port.,1
Aberdeen j
COLUMBUS I 28 18
(498) F'M MEMPHIS
FLORENCE, Ala.
To BOLIVAR I
(see No. 496).. I
__ 90 i
10100!
Western fr Atlantic
Railroad.
9109 Etowah river....
4113 Allatoona
Acworth
Young's* Roads 33|150 Marietta".
FLORENCE I loiloo Chattahoochee R
499) F'M MEMPHIS TO:
CHARLESTON, S. C.
Via Tuscumbia, Ala.,
Gunter's Land's, At-
lanta, Geo., and Au-
gusta.
To Germantown.
Jolliersville
N. Ml. Pleasant,
Miss
Holly Springs....
Salem
Ripley
latchy Turnpike,
__ienzi.
Jacinto
Cartersville
Buzzard's Roost,
12129
15 144
TUSCUMBIA 20 164
Tuscumbia fy Decatur
Ala.
14
131377
7384
6390
14404
12416
ATLANTA..
Georgia Railroad.
Decatur
Stone Mountain.
Lithonia.,
Conyers
I Covington
Railroad.
Leighton.
Courtland
Hillsboro'
Decatur
Steamboat.
Triana
Whitesville
*Gunter's Land'g
Stage.
Van Buren
Gaylesville
Geo. State Line..
Missionary St'n..
ROME.
10174
8195
12207
18225
23318
Social Circle
Rutledge,
Madison L
Buckhead
Greensboro'....
UNION POINT..
Crawfordsville.
Cumming
Camak
Thompson
Dearing
Berzelia
Belain
AuGUSTi
Hamburg, S. C..
South. Carolina R. R.
CHARLESTON I
(see No. 383.). 136 732
*From Gunfer's Landing
to Rome, Geo.
Via Coosa R.
Stage.
To Double Sp'gs
Steamboat.
Cedar Bluff...
i Missionary St'n,
35
Memphis Branch R. R.\\ Thence by Railroad to
Kingston I 18I364H Charleston, as in No.499.
DESCRIPTION OF THE WESTERN STATES,
THE PRINCIPAL CITIES, TOWNS, WATERING-
PLACES, &c.
KENTUCKY is situated between 36 30' and 39
: JO' N. lat.,.and between 81 50' and 89 20' W. Ion.
'j Its length is about 400 miles and its breadth 170 miles,
/containing 40,500 square miles. The population in
j 1840, was 779,828.
A tract from five to twenty miles wide, along the
^ Ohio river, through the whole length of the state, is
hilly and broken, but has a fertile soil. The margin of
' the Ohio, for about a mile in width, consists of bot-
.om lands, which are overflowed when the river is high. Between this
tract of hilly country, the more mountainous eastern counties, and Green
river, is a fertile tract, frequently denominated the garden of the state.
It is about 150 miles long, and from 50 to 100 wide. The soil is excellent,
the surface is gently undulating, and the forest growth black-walnut,
black-cherry, buckeye, paw-paw, sugar-maple, mulberry, elrn, ash, cot-
ton-wood, white thorn, and an abundance of grupe-vines. The country in
the southwest part of the state, between Green and Cumberland rivers, is
called the "barrens." In 1800, the legislature of the state made a
gratuitous grant of this tract to actual settlers, under the impression that
it was of little value ; but it proves to be excellent grain land, and also
adapted to the raising of cattle and swine. The whole state below the
mountains has at the usual depth of eight feet a bed of limestone, which
has frequent apertures through which the waters of the rivers sink into the
earth, causing some of them to disappear for a time, and others to be
greatly diminished in the summer season. The rivers have generally worn
deep channels in the calcareous rocks over which they flow. The preci-
pices formed by the Kentucky are in many places stupendous, presenting
perpendicular banks of solid limestone 300 feet high, above which is a
steep and difficult ascent several times as high. In the southwest part of
the state, between Green and Cumberland rivers, are several remarkable
caves. One called the Mammoth Cave, 130 miles from Lexington, on
the road to Nashville, has been explored for a distance of eight or ten
miles.
Ohio river, by its various windings, borders this state on the north for
637 miles. Cumberland and Tennessee rivers pass through its western
STATE OF KENTUCKY. 189
part as they approach their entrance into the Ohio. Cumberland river
ri&es in the eastern part of this state. The Big Sandy is 250 miles long,
and, for a considerable distance, forms the boundary between this state
and Virginia. It is navigable fifty miles for boats. The Kentucky river
rises in the Cumberland Mountains, and after a course generally through
a deep rocky bed, falls into the Ohio, seventy-seven miles above Louis-
ville. It is navigable for steamboats 60 miles to Frankfort. Licking,
Green, and Salt, are other considerable rivers. The Mississippi runs on
the western border of the state.
The first constitution was formed in 1790, and the present one in 1799.
The governor is elected for four years by the people, and is ineligible for
the next seven. A lieutenant-governor is chosen at the same time, who ia
president of the senate, and who, in case of the death or absence of the
governor, succeeds to his duties. The senators are elected for four years,
one-quarter of them being chosen annually. Their number cannot ex-
ceed 38, nor can they be less than 24. The representatives are chosen
annually, and apportioned every four years among the counties according
to the number of electors. Every free white male citizen, who ia
twenty-one years of age, and has resided two years in the state,
or in the counsy in which he offers his vote, one year preceding the
election, has the right of suffrage. Votes are given openly, or viva vocc,
and not by ballot. The judges of the several courts hold their offices
during good behavior.
The colleges are as follows : Transylvania University, at Lexington ;
Centre College, at Danville ; St. Joseph's College, at Bardstown ; Au-
gusta College, at Augusta ; Cumberland College, at Lebanon ; Georgetown
College, at Georgetown ; Bacon College, at Harrodsburg ; and St. Mary's
College, in Marion county. There is a flourishing medical department
connected with Transylvania University, and a medical institution at
Louisville. There are in the state 120 academies and 1,000 common schools.
Kentucky was first explored by Daniel Boone, an enterprising hunter, in
1770. The first white family settled near Lexington, in 1775. The state
was admitted into the Union in 1792.
FRANKFORT, the capital of the state, is 22 miles WNW. Lexington, 51
E. Louisville, 102 SSW. Cincinnati, and situated on the right bank of
Kentucky river, 60 miles above its entrance into Ohio river, on a semi-
circular alluvial plain, from 150 to 200 feet lower than the table-land in
the rear. The river is here about 80 yards wide, and after heavy rains
frequently rises 60 feet. The city contains a state-house, with a hand-
some Grecian Ionic portico in front, a court-house, the state penitentiary,
a bank, an academy, a market-house, a theatre, five churches, various
manufacturing establishments, and 2,000 inhabitants. The streets are
regular, and the houses are neat, and many of them elegant. Steamboats
of 300 tons come up to this place when the water is high. The banks of
the river here are high, and a chain bridge crosses it to the flourishing
village of South Frankfort, which may be regarded as on appendage.
Cars leave daily for Lexington ; stages daily for Louisville; 3 times a
week for Harrodsburg ; and for Madison, la.
LEXINGTON is situated on a branch of Elkhorn river, 84 miles from Cin-
cinnati. It is the oldest town in the state, and was formerly the capita],
and is one of the neatest and best built places in the western states, is
regularly laid out, and many of the streets are bordered with fine shade-
trees, and its environs are ornamented with gardens and elegant resi-
dences. There is a public square near the centre of the place, surrounded
190 STATE OF KENTUCKY.
by fine brick buildings. The city contains a court-house, a Masonic-hnll,
one of the finest buildings in the !-tale, the Siate Lunatic Asylum, ten
churches, two academies,
the Halls of Transylvania ;
University, and 8,000 in- !
habitants. Transylvania =
University was founded in j
1798, and has a classical, \
medical, and law depart-
ment. It has a president \
and 18 professors or other -
instructors, and 513 stu.
dents. The classical department Ims 295 students, the law 78. and the
medical 260 ; in all 513. The libraries contain 12,242 volumes. The com-
mencement is on the third Wednesday in August. The city is more
celebrated for its intelligent and polished society, and as an elegant, place
of residence, than for the bustle of business. The country around the
city is one of the most fertile districts in the Union. Cars leave daily for
Louisville via Frankfort. Stages leave daily for Wheeling, Va., via
Maysville, and Zanesville, O. ; 3 times a week for Cincinnati ; for Knox-
ville, Tenn., via Cumberland Gap; and for Nashville, Tenn., via Har-
rodsburg and Bowling Green.
COVINGTON is situated on the left bank of the Ohio, opposite to the
city of Cincinnati, with which it is connected by a steamboat ferry.
Jt has a city-hall, 7 churches, 4 academies, a bank, 26 tobacco manu-
factories, and 4,000 inhabitants. The Western Baptist Theological Insti-
tute is located here. Steamboats ply hourly to Cincinnati ; stages leave
3 times a week for Lexington.
NEWPORT is at the junction of the Ohio and Licking rivers, and opposite
the city of Cincinnati. It contains a court-house, an academy, two
churches, a United States Arsenal, and 1,000 inhabitants. The Mag-
nesian Springs are on the borders of the village, where there is a fine hotel,
and they are much frequented by the citizens of Cincinnati.
MAYSVILLK is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, on a narrow
bottom, which lies between the shore and hills in its rear, 441 miles below
Pittsbur^, and 55 above Cincinnati by the river. It is regularly laid out,
and contains 3 churches, one academy, and 2,741 inhabitants. It has a
good harbor for boats and enjoys an extensive trade. Steamboats arrive
from, and depart drily for Pittsburgh Wheeling, frc. ; and for Cincinnati,
Louisville, frc. (See route 620.) Stages leave daily for Lexington via
Blue Lick Springs; and for Zanesville, O. ; 3 times a week for Lexing-
ton via Flemingsburg and Mount Sterling.
AUGUSTA, on the left bank of the Ohio, 17 miles below Maysville, has
a court house, two churches, and 800 inhabitants. Augusta College,
under the direction of the Methodists, was chartered in 1822; it has a presi-
dent, 4 professors or other instructors, 75 students, and 2,500 volumes in its
libraries. (See route 620.)
The Blue Lick Springs are on the Licking river, 37 miles from Lexing-
ton and 24 from Maysville. These waters have obtained a just celebrity,
and the locality of the fountains is much frequented, not only for the
benefit produced by the use of the waters, but for the enjoyment of the
Bcenery of this beautiful region. Stages leave daily for Lexington and for
Maysville.
., GEORGETOWN is situated on the left bank of the Elkhorn river, 12 miles
STATE OF KENTUCKY.
191
from Lexington. It contains a court-house, a bank, two churches, an
academy, and 1,600 inhabitants. Georgetown College, under the direction
of the Baptists, was founded in 1829; it has a president, five professors, 132
students, and 3,200 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the
last Thursday in June.
Great Crossings is 3 miles from Georgetown, where is the Choctaw
Academy, under the patronage of the government. It has a principal
and several teachers, and 70 Indian students. There is an excellent white
sulphur spring near the academy. Stages leave Georgetown three times a
week for Cincinnati ; and for Lexington.
HARRODSBURO is situated eight miles south of Kentucky river, on a
small branch of Salt river, thirty-one miles south of Frankfort. It was
one of the earliest settlements in the state. It contains a Presbyterian
and a Methodist church, a bank, an academy, and 1,500 inhabitants.
Here is located Bacon College, founded in 1836, which has a president
and seven professors or other instructors, 203 students, and 1,200 volumes
in its libraries. The commencement is on the last Friday in September.
The Harrodsburg Springs are much frequented ; the waters possess
highly medicinal properties, and the Hccornmodations for visitors are
ample. The grounds in the vicinity, and especially the drives through the
primitive forest, are exceedingly picturesque. Stages leave daily in the
watering season for Cincinnati via Lexington.
DANVILLE, situated on a small branch of Kentucky river, 41 miles
from Frankfort, contains a court-house, four churches, the Kentucky
Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, the buildings of Centre College, two
academies, and 1,500 inhabitants. Centre College, founded in 1822, has
a president, 4 professors, 185 students, and 4,000 volumes in its libraries.
The commencement is on the Thursday after the third Wednesday in
September. Stages leave 3 times a week fur Lexington.
BARDSTOWN is situated on a branch of Salt river, 40 miles southwest
from Frankfort. It has a court-house, 2 churches, 1 academy, and 1,500
inhabitants. St. Joseph's College, in the vicinity, was founded in 1819.
It has a president, ten professors, 69 students, and 7,000 volumes in ita
libraries. Stages leave 3 times a week for Lexington ; for Frankfort ;
and for
LOUISVILLE is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, at the head
of the rapids, 633 miles below Pittsburg and 1 ,41 1 above New Orleans.
It is built on a gentle acclivity, 75 feet above low-water mark, and regu-
larly laid out, the streets crossing each other at right angles. It con-
tains a city-hall, court-house, a marine hospital, a medical institute, city
prison, an hospital, 2 orphan asylums, a Magdalen asylum, 26 churches,
three banks, two savings banks, four insurance companies, four markets,
a school for the blind, 18 public schools, 50 select schools, and 30,000 in-
habitants. Water-works are in course of construction to supply whole-
some water, and the city is lighted with gas. This city is the seat of
most of the commercial and manufacturing business of the state and con-
192 STATE OF KENTUCKY.
tiguous territory. There are 300 steamboats constantly engaged in trans-
porting to and from the city, besides numerous flat and keel boats. The
Louisville Medical Institute, founded in 1837, has six professors and 242
students. The lectures commence on the first Monday in November.
The Kentucky Historical Society has a large collection of manuscripts
and books. The Mercantile Library has a library of 3,500 volumes, and
an Agricultural and Horticultural Society is established. The rapids at
this place are caused by a bed of limestone extending across the bed of the
river, over which the waters pass in tortuous channels for a distance ot
two miles, descending 24 feet ; to obviate this bar to navigation, a canal
has been constructed sufficiently capacious to admit the passage of the
largest boats. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Pittsburg via,
Cincinnati, Maysville, Guyandotte, Va., and Wheeling ; for St. Louis,
Mo. ; and for New Orleans via Smithland, Memphis, Tenn., Vicksburg,
&c. (See route 620.) Stages leo.vc daily for Maysville via Frankfort
and Lexington ; for Cincinnati, O. ; for St. Louis via New Albany, la.,
Vincennes, &c. ; and for Nashville, Tenn., <Scc.
The Drennon Lick Springs are about 25 miles north from Frankfort,
and one mile from Kentucky river. The waters of the several springs
differ in their properties, and have been found highly beneficial to persons
using them. The accommodations are ample. Steamboats arrive from,
and depart daily for Cincinnati, Louisville, and Frankfort.
CLOVERPORT is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, 114 miles
below Louisville. It has two churches, an academy, and 400 inhabitants.
Four miles distant from Cloverport are the Sulphur and Tar Spring*.
There are here two commodious hotels and a number of cottages. The
sulphur waters are said to equal the White Sulphur of Virginia in their
medicinal properties, and the Tar water has been found most salutary in
pulmonary complaints. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for
Cincinnati and Louisville.
GLASGOW is pleasantly situated 123 miles southwest from Frankfort,
on a small branch of Green river. It contains a court-house, 3 churches,
an academy, and about 500 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for
Lexington, and for Nashville, Tenn.
BOWLING GREEN is situated on a branch of Green river, and at the
head of steamboat navigation, 144 miles southwest from Frankfort. It
contains a court-house, an academy, a female seminary, 5 churches, and
1,500 inhabitants. Tobacco is largely exported. Stages leave for Mays-
ville ; for Cincinnati ; for Louisville ; for Smithland ; for Columbus ;
for Hickman; and for Nashville, Tenn.
SMITHLAND is situated on the Ohio river, immediately below the mouth
of Cumberland river, 447 miles by water below Cincinnati, and contains a
court-house, 3 churches, an hospital, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Steam-
boats arrive from, and depart daily for Cincinnati, Wheeling, &c. ; and
for New Orleans, St. Louis, <-c. (See route 620.) Steamboats leave for
Nashville ; stages 3 times a week for Maysville via BowlingGreen and Lex-
ington; and also for Nashville, Tenn.
COLUMBUS is situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 18 miles
below the entrance of the Ohio river, and has several extensive ware-
houses, and about 800 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Lex-
ington via Bowling Green, and for Nashville.
HICKMAN is on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 15 miles below
Columbus, and contains a court-house, 2 churches, and about 500 inhabi
tants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Nashville.
STATE OF INDIANA.
INDIANA lies between 37 45' and 41 52' N. lat.
and between 84 42' and 87 49' W. Ion. It has a
mean length of 260, and a mean breadth of 140 miles,
containing 36,000 square miles. The population in
1840, was 685,866.
There are no mountains in this state, but the country
bordering on the Ohio is hilly. A range of hills runs
parallel with the Ohio, from the mouth of the Great
Miami, to Blue river, alternately approaching to
within a few rods, and receding to the distance of two miles. Below
Blue river the hills cease, and there is an immense tract of level land,
covered with a heavy growth of timber. Bordering on all the principal
streams, except the Ohio, are strips of bottom and prairie land, from
three to six miles in width. Remote from the rivers the country is broken,
and the soil light. Between the Wabash and Lake Michigan, the country
is generally level, interspersed with woodlands, prairies, lakes, and swamps.
On the shore of Lake Michigan are sand-hills 210 feet high, back of
which are sandy hillocks, with a growth of pine. The prairies bordering
on the Wabash have a soil from two to five feet in depth.
The Ohio river washes the entire southern border of this state, and
furnishes great facilities for trade. The Wabash is the largest river in the
etate, being 500 miles in length. It rises in Ohio, and passes westwardly
and eouthwestwardly through the state, forming its western boundary for
a distance of 120 miles. It is navigable for steamboats to La Fayette,
300 miles, a part of the year. White river, 200 miles long, is its largest
branch, and is navigable on its west fork for steamboats to Indianapolis,
in seasons of floods. It consists of an east fork and a west fork, which
unite about 30 miles above its junction with the Wabash. The White
Water river runs in the eastern part of the state, and enters the Great
Miami. Lake Michigan touches this state on the northwest.
The governor is elected by the people for three years, and may be once
re-elected. At every election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is elected,
who is president of the senate, and discharges the duties of the governor,
in case of his death, resignation, or removal. The senators and represen-
tatives are apportioned among the counties according to the number of
White male inhabitants over 21 years of age. There can never be fewer
than 36 nor over 100 representatives : and the number of senators can
never be less than one-third, nor more than one-half the number of the repre-
sentatives. The representatives, and one-third of the senators, are elected
annually by the people. The legislature meets annually in December, at
Indianapolis. The judges of the supreme and circuit courts are appointed
for the term of seven yenrs. The judges of the Supreme Court are ap-
pointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate ; the chief justices
194 STATE OF INDIANA.
of the circuit courts by the legislature ; and the associate judges by th
people. The right of suffrage. is enjoyed by all male citizens over 21 years
of age, who have resided in the state the year preceding the election.
The literary institutions are : Indiana University, at Bloomington ;
Hanover College, at South Hanover; Wabash College, at Craw ford s-
ville; the Indiana Ashbury University; the University of Notre-dame-du-
Lic, at South Bend ; Franklin College, at Franklin ; and St. Gabriel
College. Tnere are 60 academies and 1,600 common schools in the state.
Indiana 'w.as admitted into the Union as an independent state in 1816.
INDIANAPOLIS, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of
the west fork of White river, at the head of steamboat navigation, and 122
miles from Cincinnati. An elegant bridge crosses the river at this place.
It was selected for the capital of the state while it was covered by a dense
forest, and laid out in 1821. On a circular area, from which spacious
streets diverge, stands the governor's house on a rise of ground in the
centre. It is a handsome edifice. The State
[ House is one of the most splendid buildings
i the west. It is 180 feet long by 80 feet
\ wide and 45 high, with an appropriate dome.
j It is built after the model of the Parthenon
j at Athens, with a portico on each front,
1 having ten Doric columns, and has elegant
1 halls for the two houses of the legislature, a
1 court- room, and rotunda. The city con-
! tains a court-house, the state prison, deaf
and dumb asylum, lunatic asylum, ten churches, a female institute, a
seminary, and 8,000 inhabitants. Stages in connection with railroad
cars leave daily for Madison. Stapes leave daily for Cincinnati ; for
Wheeling, Va., via Dayton, O., Columbus, and Zanescille; and for St.
Jjouis via Tcrre Haute; 3 times a week for Cincinnati via Lawrence-
bur g ; 'fur Vevay ; for New Albany ; for Fredonia ; for Comneton ;
for I. a Fayette ; for South Bend via Logansport ; and for Fort Wayne
via Muncie and Winchester.
LAWRENCEBURG is beautifully situated on the right bank of the Ohio
river, one mile below the entrance of the Great Miami river. It contains a
court-house, 4 churches, a seminary, and 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave 3
times a week for Cincinnati, O. ; for Madison ; and for Indianapolis.
MADISON is situated on the north bank of Ohio river, 89 miles below
Cincinnati, by the river. The village is built on ground above the reach
of the highest floods. The streets are regularly laid out, and several of
them paved ; and it has a wharf for the landing of steamboats. It is
handsomely built, mostly of brick, and has a court-house, market-house,
ten churches, a bank, with a neat edifice, a savings bank, and about
4,000 inhabitants. In the rear of the village are hills 250 feet high,
which afford a delightful prospect. Steamboats arrive from, and depart
daily for Pittsburgand the intermediate places, and also for JVezc Orleans.
Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Indianapolis ; stages leave three
times a week for Frankfort, Ky. ; for Cincinnati; and for Louisville.
NEW ALBANY is situated on the right bank of the Ohio river, two milea
below the foot of the falls, and 140 below Cincinnati. It Is the largest
place in the state, and contains a court-house, a bank, nine churches, a
male and a female seminary, a lyceum, a theological college, 4 schools,
and 4,500 inhabitants. The streets are regularly laid out, and are froir
70 to 100 feet wide. Here are extensive ship-yards, where are built an-
STATE OF INDIANA. 195
nuaily from ten to fifteen steamboats, besides sloops and schooners.
Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for the ports on the Ohio and
Mississippi rivers. (See route 620.) Stages leave daily for St. Louis
via Vincennes ; 3 times a week for Indianapolis ; and for Madison.
EVANSVILLE is situated on the right bank of Ohio river, at the great
northern bend, 323 miles below Cincinnati by the river. It has an elevated
situation, and contains a brick court-house, a bank^ ten churches, an
academy, several extensive manu- H
factories, and 2,500 inhabitants. |
The Pigeon Springs are one mile |
west from Evansville. The waters I
contain muriate of soda, bicarbon- [
ate of iron, bicarbonate of mag- !
nesia, carbonic acid gas, carbureted hydrogen gas, and nitrogen pas.
They are aperient, alterative, diaphoretic, and diuretic. The accommoda-
tions are ample, and the vicinity affords much sport in fowling and fishing.
Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for all the principal places
on the Ohio river. Stages leave 3 times a week for Vincennes.
BLOOMINGTON is situated at the head of a small branch of White river,
49 miles from Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, five churches,
Jie buildings of the Indiana University, an academy, and 1,700 inhabi-
tants. The Indiana University has a president, five professors, 174 stu-
Jents, and 2,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the
last Wednesday in September Stages leave 3 times a week for In-
dianapolis ; for New Albany ; for Terre Haute ; and for Crawfordsville.
VINCENNES lies on the left bank of Wabasn river, 197 miles from its
entrance into the Ohio. It has a fertile prairie of several thousand acres
on the north, east, and south. It is the oldest town in the state, having
been established as a trading post by the French in 1730. It contains a
brick court-house, a bank, a seminary, a female school, conducted by the
Sisters of Charity, 6 churches, a public library of 1,600 volumes, and
2,000 inhabitants, one fifth of whom are of French descent. St. Gabriel's
College was established in 1841 , and has a president, five professors, and
75 students. Steamboats ply on the river. Stages leave daily for JV. Jttban y ;
and for St. Louis, Mo. ; 3 times a week to Terre Haute and to Evansville.
TERRE HAUTE is situated on beautiful high ground, on the left
bank of the Wabash, 73 miles west from Indianapolis. The National
road here crosses the river on a fine bridge. The town contains a brick court-
house, six churches, a bank, a market-house, a seminary, and 2,000 in-
habitants. It is a flourishing place, and commands the trade of an ex-
tensive and fertile country. Stages leave daily for Indianapolis ; for
St. Louis ; for Shawneetown ; and for Danville, III.
CRAWFORDSVILLE is situated on the left bank of Rock rivpr. 45 mileg
from Indianapolis. It contains
a court-house, 7 churches, the ?
buildings of Wabash College,
seminary, and about 2,000 in-
habitants. Wabash College wai
founded in 1835, and has a presi- .1
dent, four professors, 128 stu
dents, and 4,500 volumes in its - 3
libraries. Stages leave 3 times \
a week for Indianapolis ; and
for Peoria ; twice a week for La, Fay ette andforVincenncs. (See route 524.)
196
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
LA FAYETTE lies on the left bank of the Wabash river, at the head of
steamboat navigation, 310 miles from its mouth by the river. It contains
a court-house, a bank, an academy, 7 churches, and 2,000 inhabitants.
The Wabash and Erie canal connects this place with Lake Erie. Stages
leave 3 times a week for Indianapolis ; and for Logansport.
LOGANSPORT is situated on Wabash river, at the junction of Eel river,
72 miles from Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, an academy, seven
churches, and about 2,000 inhabitants. A fine bridge here crosses the
Wabash, and another Eel river. The Wabash and Erie canal passes
through it, and it is well situated for manufacturing purposes, possessing
a fine water-power. Stages leave 3 times a week for Indianapolis ; three
times for Niles via South Bend; and for Lafayette.
FORT WAYNE is beautifully situated on the south side of Maumee river.
ft is incorporated as a city, and contains a court-house, five churches,
four academies, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The Wabash canal con-
nects it with Lake Erie, and it is surrounded by a rich and fertile country.
Stages leave twice a week for Indianapolis and for South Bend.
SOUTH BEND is pleasantly situated on a high bluff, on the south side of
St. Joseph river, and has a great water-power. It is 137 miles north
of Indianapolis, and contains a brick court house, four churches, and
1,000 inhabitants. The University of Notre-dame-du-lac was established
here in 1844, under the direction of the Roman Catholics. It has a
president, several professors, and 65 students. Stages leave three times
a week for Indianapolis ; for Detroit, Mich., and for Michigan City.
MICHIGAN CITY is situated on the south shore of Lake Michigan, at
the mouth of Trail creek, and was laid out in 1835. It is the only Jake
harbor in the state, and the location is well adapted for trade. It contains
a bank, three churches, and about 700 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a
week for Niles, Mick. ; for South Bend; and for Chicago, III.
MICHIGAN consists 'of two peninsulas, and con-
| tains about 66,000 square miles. Its population in 1840
| was 212,267 ; in 1845, 304,285.
The surface of the lower or southern peninsula ia
generally level, having few elevations which may be
denominated hills. The interior is gently undulating,
rising gradually from the lakes to the centre of the
peninsula- This central region may be regarded as a
table-land, elevated about 300 feet above the level of
the lakes, covered with fine forests of timber, oak plains, and beautiful
prairies. Along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, are sand-hills
thrown up by the winds into fantastic forms, generally quite barren and
naked. The part lying between Lake Huron and Saginaw bay ia low
STATE OF MICHIGAN. 197
and swampy. No part of the United States is better supplied with fish,
aquatic fowl, and game.
Of the northern peninsula, Mr. Schoolcraft says " Portions of it are
the mere development of sublime scenery, which pertains to that com-
paratively elevated portion of the continent. Mountains and lakes, plains,
rivers, and forests, spread over it with a boldness of outline which may be
said to constitute almost a peculiar type of North American geography. This
division embraces the mineral region. It is of little value for the uses of
agriculture. The interior abounds in small lakes. On the shore of Lake
Superior are several large bays and good harbors. Recent explorations
here, have discovered immense deposites of rich copper ore. On the
southern shore of Lake Superior is a series of lofty bluffs, and isolated
rocks, having the appearance of ruins, 4
tottering walls, and caverns. La Chapelle,*
or the Arched Rock, is a beautiful speci-^
men of this character, as are the Pictured ,
Rocks, &c. There are also several pic ^
turesque cascades.
The southern peninsula of Michigan is!
dfained by several large rivers, and numer-f
ous smaller streams, which, rising in the?
interior, pass off in easterly, westerly, and**
northerly directions into the lakes. Raisin and Huron rivers flow into
Lake Erie ; Rouge river, into Detroit strait ; Clinton and Black rivers,
into the strait of St. Clair. Saginaw river, formed by the junction of
Titibawassee, Hare, Shiawassee, Flint, and Cass rivers, enters Saginaw
bay. Thunder Bay and Cheboigan rivers, and some smaller streams, fall
into Lake Huron. St. Joseph, Grand, Kalamazoo, and Maskegon rivers flow
into Lake Michigan. Many small lakes of pure water, stocked with fish
of fine quality, are found in the interior. Michigan lake is the largest
wholly within the United States, being 360 miles long and 60 broad.
The governor and lieutenant-governor are chosen at the same time, for
two years, by the people. The senators are chosen for two years, one-
half of them annually, and their number must be one third that of the
representatives. The representatives are chosen annually, and their
number cannot be less than 48, nor more than 100, and are, with the
senators, apportioned among the counties according to the number of
white inhabitants. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by
the governor, with the advice and consent of the senate, for the term of
eeven years. Judges of inferior courts are elected by the people for four
years. Every white male citizen over 21 years of age, who has resided
six months next preceding an election in the town where his vote is offered,
has the right of suffrage. The legislature meets annually at Detroit.
The Michigan University, at Ann Arbor, has departments of literature,
science, law, and medicine ; and has several academic branches situated
in most of the principal towns in the state. St. Philip's College, near
Detroit, is a Catholic institution. There are 25 academies and 1,000 com-
mon schools.
The French built a fort and made a settlement at Sault St. Marie in
1647, and subsequently at Mackinaw. By the treaty of peace between
Great Britain and France in 1763, this country came into the possession
of the English. The post at Detroit was resigned to the United States
by the English in 1796. In 1805 this state was ejected into a distinct
territory and in 1836 admitted into the Union.
198 STATE OF MICHIGAN.
orr
DETROIT, the capital of the state, is pleasantly situated on the right
bank of the Detroit strait, seven miles below Lake St. Clair and 18
above the west end of Lake Erie, and, by steamboat route, 327 miles
from Buffalo. The site is a plain 30 feet above the river, sloping gently
to the water, and the city extends for the distance of a mile along the
stream and three fourths of a mile back. The streets are regularly laid
out, though not all crossing at right angles, a part of them diverging from
a large area, and forming noble avenues 200 feet wide. There are several
public squares, of which Campus Martius is the principal. The city con-
tains the State-house, from the dome of which a fine view is obtained of
the city and vicinity, the City-hall, a market-house, 11 churches, four
banks, a United States Land-office, 3 markets, a theatre, a museum, a
public garden, government magazine, Masonic-hall, two orphan asylums,
several literary and scientific societies, three female institutes of a high
order, and also several for boys, and 10,000 inhabitants. Detroit is among
the earlier settlements of North America, having been founded by the
French from Canada, in 1683. It is admirably situated for trade, and is
becoming a great commercial emporium. The first steamboat arrived at
Detroit in August, 1818 ; now, numbers arrive and depart daily during
eight months of the year. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for
Kalamazoo via Ann Arbor, Jackson, and Marshall ; thence stages to St.
Joseph's ; and also for Pontiac ; thence stages to Saginaw. Stages leave
daily for Toledo, O. ; three times a week for Port Huron, and to Howell ;
thence to Grand Rapids via Lyons. Steamboats for Buffalo, JV*. Y., via
Sandusky, O., Cleveland and Erie, Pa. ; for Chicago, III., via Mack-
inaw, Milwaukee, frc. (See routes 547 and 548.)
MONROE is situated on the right bank of the Raisin river, two alid a
half miles from its entrance into Lake Erie, and 37 miles from Detroit.
It contains a court-house, two banks, a United States Land-office, seven
churches, a branch of the University of Michigan, two academies, a
reading-room, and library of 1,500 volumes, several manufacturing es-
tablishments, and 2,000 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for Hillsdale
via Adrian, thence stages to Niles ; stages daily for Toledo, O., and for
Detroit.
ANN ARBOR lies forty miles west from Detroit, on both sides of Huron
river, which divides it into the upper and lower towns. It is regularly
laid out on elevated ground, and contains a court-house, bank, 6 churches,
several mills, factories, &c., and 2,500 inhabitants. The University of
Michigan, founded in 1837, has 3 professors, 75 students, 5,000 volumes in
its libraries, and a choice museum, embracing the collections of the state
geologists, &c. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Detroit, and for
Kalamazoo, &c. Stages leave 3 times a week for Howell.
YPSILANTI is situated on both sides of Huron river, and contains
four churches, an 'academy, several mills and factories, and about
1,500 inhabitants. The river here affords good water power. Cars
STATE OF MICHIGAN. 199
arrive from, and depart daily for Detroit, and for Kalamazoo. Stages
leave daily for Adrian.
ADRIAN is prettily situated on the right bank of the Raisin river,
67 miles from Detroit. It has a court-house, four churches, an acad-
emy, several manufacturing establishments, and 2,500 inhabitants. Cars
arrive from, and depart daily for Toledo, O. ; for Monroe, and for
Hillsdale thence stages to Niles. Stages leave daily for Detroit via
Ypsilanti.
JACKSON is situated 79 miles west from Detroit, on the right bank of
Grand river. The village contains a court-house, four churches, the
state penitentiary, a branch of Michigan University, a seminary, and
about 2,000 inhabitants. There is a fall of eight feet in the river
here, affording' an extensive water-power, already employed in mills,
factories, &c. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Detroit, and
for Kalamazoo. Stages leave three times a week for Adrian and for
Centreville.
MARSHALL is pleasantly situated on the right bank of Kalamazoo
river, at the confluence of Rice creek, 113 miles west from Detroit. It
contains a court-house, four churches, a bank, an academy, several mills
and factories, and 2,000 inhabitants. Car* arrive from, and depart
daily for Detroit, and for Kalamazoo. Stages leave 3 times a week for
Centreville.
KALAMAZOO is situated on the left bank of Kalamazoo river, 146 miles
west from Detroit, and contains a court-house, a bank, a United States
Land-office, three churches, a branch of the University of Michigan,
the Huron Literary Institute, and about 1,500 inhabitants. Cars arrive
from, and depart daily for Detroit. Stages leave daily for St. Joseph's ;
three times a week for Niles ; for Mottville ; and for Mlegan.
ST. JOSEPH is situated on the left bank of St. Joseph's river, at its en-
trance into Lake Michigan, 200 miles west from Detroit. It is one of the
most important places on the west side of the state, has a good harbor,
and commands a pleasant view of the lake. It contains a court-house, 3
churches, a bank, and 700 inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and
depart daily for Chicago. Stages leave daily in connection with railroad
cars for Detroit. Stages leave daily for Chicago via Michigan City ;
and three times a week for Niles.
MACKINAO is situated on the southeast extremity of an island of the
game name, and contains a court-house, two churches, a school of the
American Board of Foreign Missions, a Roman Catholic missionary
school, a branch of the University of Michigan, and 500 inhabitants. Fort
Mackinac stands on a rocky eminence, 150 feet immediately above the
village, which it commands. The harbor is safe and spacious, capable of
accommodating 150 vessels. Over 3,000 barrels of trout and white-fish
are annually exported, and it is the seat of an extensive fur-trade. (See
route 203.)
GRAND HAVEN is situated on the left bank of Grand river, at its en
trance into Lake Michigan. It is one of the best harbors on the eas>
shore of the lake, and contains a court-house, two churches, an academy
and about 700 inhabitants. (See route 548.)
SAULT DK ST. MARIE is situated on a pleasant elevation on the right
bank of St. Mary's strait, at the foot of the rapids, and contains a court-
house, 3 churches, Fort Brady, the trading house of the American Fur
Company, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Vessels come up to the foot of
the rapids.
200
STATE OF ILLINOIS.
ILLINOIS lies between 3?^ and 4-2 30' N. lat.,
\ and between 87 17' and 91 5(X W. Ion. It is 350
miles long and 180 broud, containing 50,000 square
' miles. Population in 1840, 476,183.
The surface of the state is generally level. It has
no mountains, though the northern and southern
parts are hilly and broken. The portion of the state
south of a line from the mouth of the Wabash to the
mouth of the Kaskaskia, is generally covered with
timber, but north of this the prairie country predominates. The eye
sometimes wanders over immense plains covered with grass, with no
other boundary of its vision but the distant horizon, though the view is
often broken by occasional woodlands. The dry prairies are generally
from 30 to 100 feet higher than the bottom-lands on the rivers, and very
fertile. A range of bluffs commences on the margin of the Mississippi, a
short distance above the mouth of the Ohio, and extends north beyond
the Des Moines rapids, sometimes rising abruptly from the water's edge,
but generally a few miles distant from it, leaving between the bluffs and
the river a strip of alluvial formation of inexhaustible fertility. The
banks of the Illinois and Kaskaskia, in some places, present sublime and
picturesque scenery.
The Illinois is the largest river in the stale. Fox and Des Flames
rivers, its two largest branches from the north, rise in Wisconsin, and,
with Kankakee river from Indiana, form the Illinois, which, after a course
of 400 miles, enters the Mississippi, twenty miles above the Missouri. It
is navigable a distance of about 250 miles. Rock river rises in Wisconsin,
and after a course of 300 miles, mostly in Illinois, empties into the Mis-
sissippi. The Kaskaskia rises near the middle of the state, and after a
southwesterly course of 250 miles, enters the Mississippi 63 miles below
the Missouri. It is navigable for boats 150 miles. The Wabash forms a
part of the east boundary. The Little Wabash, after a course of 130
miles, enters the Wabash a little above its junction with the Ohio.
Peoria lake, through which the Illinois river flows, about 150 milea
from its mouth, is a beautiful sheet of water twenty miles long and two
broad.
The governor is elected by the people for four years, but is eligible only
four years in eight. A lieutenant-governor is elected at the same time,
who is president of the senate, and in case of the death, resignation,
or absence of the governor, discharges his duties. The senators are
elected for four, and the representatives for two years. The repre-
sentatives can never be less than 27, nor more than 36, until the in-
habitants exceed 100,000. The number of senators can never be Jess
than one-third, nor more than one-half the number of representatives.
The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the joint-ballot of both
STATE OF ILLINOIS.
201
houses of the legislature, and hold their offices during good behavior.
The right of suffrage is universal. All white male inhabitants, 21 years of
age, who have resided within the state six months preceding an election,
have the right to vote.
Ths literary institutions are : Illinois College, at Jacksonville, founded
in 18-29 ; Shurtleff College, (Baptist,) in Upper Alton, in 1835 ; McKen-
dree College, (Methodist,) in Lebanon, in 1834; McDonough College, at
Macomb, in 1837. There are in the state 50 academies and 1,300 common
schools.
Illinois was admitted into the Union as an independent state in 1818.
SPRINGFIELD, the capital of the state, is situated 95 miles from St.
Louis, and near the centre of the state. It lies four miles south of
Sangamon river, on the border of a rich and beautiful prairie. It was
laid out in 1822, and in 1823 contained but 30 families, living in log cabins.
It now contains a state-house an elegant edifice a court-house, a
market-house, a bank, a United States Land-office, eight churches, three
high schools, several extensive manufactories, and 4,005 inhabitants.
Cars leave daily for Meredosia thence, in stages to Quincy. Stages
leave daily for St. Louis, and for Chicago via Peoria and Ottawa ; three
times a week for La Fayette, la. ; for Terre Haute ; for Shawneetown
via Vandalin. and Salem ; for Burlington, Io., via Rushville ; for Lewis-
town ; and for Bloomington.
JACKSONVILLE is situated on elevated ground, in the midst of a delight,
fill prairie, which is fertile and well cultivated, 33 miles from Springfield.
It contains a spacious court-house, a market-house, a lyceum, a Me-
chanics' Association, two academies, seven churches, several manufac-
tories, and 2,500
inhabitants. It is
the seat of Illinois
College, founded
in 1829, which has
a president, and,
in its academica^
and medical de-
partments, 8 pro-
fessors and 96 stu-
dents. There are 2,500 volumes in its libraries, and it has a very com-
plete philosophical and chemical apparatus. The commencement is on
the last Thursday in June. Cars leave daily for Springfield and for
Meredosia.
ALTON is situated on the left bank of Mississippi river, two miles above
the mouth of Missouri river, 21 miles below the mouth of Illinois river,
and twenty miles from St. Louis. It is regularly and handsomely laid
out, and contains a bank, a lyceum, a Mechanics' Association, six
churches, a number of schools, and about 2,000 inhabitants. As a com-
mercial city its advantages are very great. It has the best landing for
steamboats on the east bank of the Mississippi. A flat rock, level with
the surface of the ground, forms an excellent natural wharf. Timber,
freestone, limestone, and bituminous coal exist in great abundance near
the town. Steamboats ply to St. Louis and to all the principal ports
on the Mississippi, Ohio, Illinois, and Missouri rivers. (See routes
JVos. 594. 620, 621, and 622.) Stages leave for Vincennes via Carlylc ;
and for Jacksonville.
KASKASKIA is situated on the right bank of Kaskaskia river, 142 miles
9*
202
STATE OF ILLINOIS.
from Springfield, and seven from ita junction with the Mississippi. It hat
a court-house, a United States Land- office, a church, a nunnery and
female boarding-school, and 1,000 inhabitants. It was settled by the
French about Itj83, and its inhabitants are now mostly of French descent.
(See route 621.) Stages leave fur St. Louis, Mo., and. fur Vincennes,
la., via Salem.
SHAWNEKTOWN is situated on the right bank of Ohio river, ten miles
below the mouth of the Wabnsh river, and 195 from Springfield. The
bank of the river haa a gradual ascent, hut not sufficient to prevent inun-
dation in extreme high floods. The town haa a bank, a United States Land-
office, two churches, and 1,000 inhabitants. It wa? laid out in 1814. and
is one of the most commercial places in southern Illinois. Stages leave 3
times a week for fincennes, la. ; for Springfield via Salem ; for St.
Louis, Mo. ; and for Cape Oirardeau.
VANDALIA, formerly the capital of the state, is situated on the right
bank of Kaskaskia river. It is regularly laid out, with streets crossing
each other at right angles. It contains a court-house, a United States
Land-office, two churches, several manufacturing establishments, and
800 inhabitants. The national road extends to this place. Stages lenne
d lily for St. Louis, Mo., and for Terre Haute, la. ; 3 times a week fur
Sprinpfield ; and also for Shawneetown.
PKORIA is beautifully situated on the right bank of Illinois river, at the
outlet of Peoria lake, and 70 miles from Springfield. The first bank of
the river gradually rises from six to twelve feet above high-water mark,
and extends back a quarter of a mile from the river to the second bank,
where it rises five or six feet, forming a terrace extending back to the
bluffs, which are from 60 to 100 feet high, by a steep ascent, and present
from their summit an extensive and beautiful prospect. The town con-
tains a court-house, an academy, six churches, several factories, and
1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Chicago via Ottawa ; and also
for St. Louis via Springfield ; three times a week for Burlington, la. ;
for Galena via Dixon ; for Madison, tVis. ; and for Indianapolis*
Steamboats on the Illinois river. (See route 594.)
CHICAGO is situated on the SW. shore of Lake Michigan, at the head
of lake navigation. The city is built on a level prairie, handsomely ele-
vated above the water, and lies on both sides of Chicago river, between
the junction of the north and south branches, and three-fourths of a mile
from its entrance into the lake. By the construction of piers, an
artificial harbor has been made at the mouth of the river. The city con-
tains the county buildings, a United States Land-office, eight churches,
an academy, and 11,000 inhabitants. Back of the town, for three or four
miles, is a fine, elevated, and fertile prairie, and to the north, along the
lake shore, are extensive bodies of fine timber. Numerous steamboats
and vessels ply between this place and Buffalo, and the intermediate
STATE OF MISSOURI*
plncrw on tho npprr l;iK, ;. If i* rnltniralilj -i(n:il<.l f.'i
(1:1,1, . in,,! ido
lIlpl.lllV of lls !. I,. \\lll is llllp.'UJl'l, ll ,1 V,
llnffalo, JV. K.,
mill the tnfrnni'ilnifr ]>l,iit* S,-< ,,it, 'H;I v .
/.I'm.- ria Joint. (>1!,i <
Viitlrr l.n- />,!,;>,!, .//,//.; i titncj A Wrtk for '
J\li/triinltt'r. \r.
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. I.', 1 ' Mill, '. t 101 II
o' llic \vnl, l lor Hi, luifi'sl (.-:, inl.iiiils. Tin liivvil .'
HIM. .. , l,m. 1,. ..
till IH-Mll.MMV, 1111,1 illiolll U.IKKI lllll.'lI'llMllls. || \\:\. In ,1
:., iil..l 111 !:'(,.
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\ i. iini\ . nml ili<-
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i't,i,i; /,,- /.-,./. /.y/nrf City
(.'/nun; nndfor DubttqUfi, l<>.
K.M h IKI.ANII CITY. Hilunti'il n ihr I, fi Imn
jusi id,., x, !(,, iintniiici !' U.Tk nv. i. rimlnim n
mill :I!M. in I. ("HI n.lii.l.ilMiil.,. Sl,ii:r.i /,,< :\ f
Jr IHxun.; for /.//</ < //j/ ; uml .lor I >u!'i,>jn<.
MISSOUKI ,N silll.ilril 1.,-Uvrril W H,,I -.-' .K, ,\ .
lat., and between wr .....I !>,- :io \\ i t i* 987
mi!.-. I. Mif. "ml '-J.'UI In. .ml. i-.iiil:iiiiiii;- r,|.(IHU ,,,u:u.<
iinl.-H. In IHIO II,, pop, .ho. MI \V.,M !(
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il. ;\llii\i:il .11 holtiMIl Illllfl i IMIII..I ..n tin- niMrt'lll
k nfUir riv.-r.; ri-i-.-iliiiit Imui HH-III Ihr IMIH! r .<. MI
hi, Ml. phcfN Kflllly. MM, I II, ulll.li v.-IV lll.Mlpllv. Illlo
flrxnii.l Imm-iiH <.r rorky riiltfc!H. In ihr inii-rior, hot-
tomH nmi hnrrcnn, nn knl lull, nn.l pomi!*, heavy forwti and Ntrnnnm of
\\:ii.-r, tuny ..n, n i., H n nt on, M, u . prnmniini a clivomifiwl iind bau>
<iiul l.uiiU, :ipe. The Routheont pnrt of the ntnte Imn n very extftwive
UttCt of I"W m.'irHliv .-..nniiv. :,!.,. im.l.iijJ! ill Idkod, fttld liolllr I,, inniiiln
tl.MI. |l:irk ' Illl-s II l.lllV .-.MIIlllV . xlru.h ir I:,, M III- (),(,,- iu.-r.
Thin M- li. .n i- n. li in iiiiiii-i!il-i. Tin. I,M,| i, T ion ,-ov, i-. .-MI MUM oT n,,.,.-
tlmn :,<>(l(l Mijunri! mil. . In Si rnn.-iv riMinly IM tin- rt'lrlirnlfd "lion
Moiintiiin." ,-l.-xMl.,l :ill(l I,, -i nliox. Ilin mirrniiniliiiK pluin. mid IN n miln
nml n luillM. I,,-H it .xuiimnl. mill IIIIN H(J p. t ,-, nl of il m:r |Mirn Iron, PlV
mil. .li i.-ini i tin IM. .i KIM.I.. :nif. .t i, !!,. mi, i XMIII n bane a mile and a
n , m-nmii MM.-,-, oi ii.<- -mi. - t "<" <>f > idi ore. Between th OuBft
204
STATE OF MISSOURI.
and Missouri rivers, is a tract of country very fertile and agreeably diver-
sified with woodland and prairie, and abounding with coal, salt, &c.
The country north of the Missouri is emphatically "the garden of the
West." There is no part of the world where a greater extent of country
can be traversed more easily, when in its natural state. The surface is
for the most part delightfully undulating, and variegated, sometimes
rising into picturesque hills, then stretching away into a sea of prairie, oc-
casionally interspersed with shady groves and shining streams.
The Mississippi winds along the entire eastern boundary of the state, for
a distance of 400 miles, and receives in its course the waters of the Great
Missouri, which, indeed, deserves to be regarded as the main stream.
Through the central and richest part of the state, the Missouri rolls its im-
mense volume of water, being navigable four or five months of the year
for steamboats, 1,800 miles from its entrance into the Mississippi. The
La Mine, Osage, and Gasconade on the south, and the Grand and
Chariton on the north side, are navigable tributaries of the Missouri.
Maramec river runs through the mineral district s is a navigable stream,
and enters the Mississippi eighteen miles below St. Louis. Salt river,
which is also navigable, enters the Mississippi 85 miles above the Mis-
souri. The White and St. Francis drain the southeast, and the tributaries
of Neosho, the southwest part of the state.
The constitution of the state was formed in 1820. The governor
is elected by the people for four years, but is ineligible for the next suc-
ceeding four years. A lieutenant-governor is chosen at the same time,
and for the same term, who is president of the senate. Every county is
entitled to send one representative, but the whole number can never
exceed 100. The senators are elected every four years, one-half retiring
every second year ; and their number can never be less than 14, nor more
than 33, chosen by districts, and apportioned according to the number of
free white inhabitants. The elections for senators and representatives are
held biennially in August. The legislature meets once'in two years in the
month of November, at Jefferson City. Every white male citizen over
21 years of age, who has resided one year in the state, and three months
in the county in which he offers his vote, has the right of suffrage. The
judges of the Supreme Court and the chancellor are appointed by the gov-
enor, with the consent of the senate, and hold their offices during good
behavior, or until 65 years of age.
The literary institutions are as follows : The University of St. Louis, at
St. Louis ; St. Mary's College, at Cape Girardeau ; Kemper College, near
St. Louis ; Masonic College, near Palmyra ; Missouri University, at Co*
lumbia ; St. Charles College, at St. Charles ; and Fayette College, at
Fayette. There are in the state 50 academies and 650 schools.
Missouri was originally a part of Louisiana, which was purchased from
France in 1803. It was admitted into the Union as an independent
state in 1821.
JEFFERSON CITY, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank
of Missouri river, on elevated and uneven ground, 128 miles from St.
Louis. It contains a state-house, a governor's house, which is large arid
elegant, a state penitentiary, an academy, 250 dwellings, and about 1,500
inhabitants. Stages leave daily for St. Louis : three times a week for
Caledonia ; for Springfield via Warsaw ; for Independence via Booneville,
I,exington, $-c. (For steamboat routes, see 620.)
STATE OF MISSOURI.
205
ST. Louis is situated on the right
tank of the Mississippi, 18 miles below
the junction of the Missouri. It is in 38" 37' 28" N. lat., and 90 15' 39"
W. Ion. Population in 1845, 35,000. Its situation is pleasant and
healthy ; standing on a limestone bluff. The ground rises gradually from
the first to the second bank of the river ; and on the second bank, which
is about forty feet higher than the first, the city is chiefly built. Viewed
from the opposite shore, or as it is approached from the river, it presents
a beautiful nppearance. The compact part of the city extends about one
and a half miles along the river, with suburbs to the north and east,
making its whole extent five miles. It is elegantly built, the more recent
houses being constructed of brick, others of stone, and some have
spacious and beautiful gardens attached to them.
Among the public buildings, the City-hall and the Catholic Cathe-
dral are the most noticeable. The Cathedral is one hundred and
thirty-six feet long and eighty-four wide, with walls forty feet high. The
front is 58 feet high, and rising above this is a tower with a spire terminating
in a gilt cross. The steeple contains a peal of six bells, the largest of
2,600 pounds weight. There are also in the city a United States Land-
office, an elegant theatre, a concert-hall, a bank, six insurance com-
panies, and a United States Arsenal.
There are several literary and benevolent institutions in the city
The St. Louis University,
under the direction of the
Roman Catholics, has 15
instructors, 130 students, and ^
7,900 volumes in its libraries, i
It has a spacious building in
ilic city. The commence- ]
ment is on the 15th of July. *
Keniper College, which is "i
under the direction of the
Episcopalians, is five miles distant from the city, on a beautiful eminence ;
the buildings are of brick. The principal edifice is a building 70 feet long
and four stories high, with wings of equal length, three stories high. It
has nine professors or other instructors, and about 4,000 volumes in its
libraries. The commencement is on the last Thursday of July. It has a
medical department, and a building within the city where lectures are
delivered during the winter. There are two medical schools, the one
attached to the St. Louis University, the other to the State University;
the former has 56, the latter 80 pupils. Lectures in both these schools
commence on the first Monday of November and terminate on the last of
February. They have spacious buildings for lecture-rooms, laboratories,
&c. The Western Academy of Sciences has an extensive museum of
206 STATE OF MISSOURI.
natural history and mineralogy. There is also a museum of Indian
curiosities, antiquities, fossil remains, &c. The Convent of the Sucred
Heart is an institution of nuns, for conducting female education. The
Protestant ladies conduct an orphan asylum, and there are three orphan
asylums conducted by Roman Catholics. A female asylum is attached
to the Convent of the Sucred Heart. The Jefferson Barracks are eleven
miles below the city. In the north part of the city there are two tumuli,
or mounds, on the lower of which the city has constructed a reservoir,
into which water is raised by steam-power from the river, and conveyed
through iron pipes, affording a supply to the citizens.
The city was first settled in 1664, by a company of merchant traders.
It is most favorably situated for commerce, and is destined to be one of
the principal cities of the west. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily
for Louisville, Cincinnati, Wheeling \ Pittsburg, &cc., on the Ohio river ;
New Orleans and the intermediate places on the Lower Mississippi ; Fort
Snellivg and the intermediate places on the Upper Mississippi; and
also the principal places on the Missouri river. (See routes 620622.)
Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Cincinnati via Terre Haute,
Indianapolis, &rc. ; for Louisville via Vincennes, New Albany, $-c. ;
for Chicago via Springfield, Peoria, Ottowa, &c. ; for Fort Leaven-
worth via St.. Charles, Columbia, Glasgow, and Liberty ; 3 times a week
for Shawneetown, III.; for Little Rock, Ark., via Caledonia, &c. ; for
New Madrid via Cape Oirardeau ; for Independence via Jefferson City,
Booneville, Lexington, &rc.; for Burlington, Io., via St. Charles,
Bowling Green, Palmyra, &rc. ; for Van Buren, Ark., via Caledonia,
Steeleville, Springfield, and Fayetteville, Ark.
ST. CHARLES lies twenty miles northwest from St. Louis. It is built
on an elevated and handsome situation on the left bank of Missouri river.
The shore is here rocky, the alluvial land commencing at the lower end
of the town. The town extends one and a hulf miles along the river, and
contains a court-house, a brick market-house, two churches, a nunnery,
and about 1,500 inhabitants. St. Charles College, under the direction of
the Methodists, is located here. It was founded in 1839, and has a presi-
dent, three professors, and about 104 students. The Missouri river is
here crossed by a ferry. Stages leave daily for St. Louis and for
Jefferson City ; three times a week for Burlington, Io. t via New London,
Palmyra, $-c.
PALMYRA lies eight miles from Missouri river, and 129 miles from St.
Louis. It contains a court-house, three handsome brick churches, a
United States Land-office, and above 800 inhabitants. Masonic College,
twelve miles from Palmyra, was founded in 1831. It has a president, four
professors, and 45 students. The commencement is on the last Thursday
in September. Stages leave three times a week for St. Louis, and for
Burlington, Io.
FULTON is situated on Riviere au Vases, 12 miles north of Missouri
river, and twenty-two miles northeast from Jefferson City. It contains
a court-house, two churches, two academies, and 500 inhabitants. Stages
leave daily for St. Louis ; for Fort Leavenworth ; and for Jefferson City.
COLUMBIA, situated on a tributary of Missouri river, contains a court-
house and about 1,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of Missouri University,
founded in 1840, which has a president, 3 professors, and 45 students.
Stages leave daily for St. Louis.
BOONEVILLE is situated on the right bank of Missouri river, 173 miles
from St. Louis. Its foundation is limestone rock. It has a hand*
STATE OF MISSOURI. 207
Bomo court-house, three churches, two academies, and 1,200 inhabitants.
Considerable trade is carried on here in cattle and provisions. (See steam-
boat route 622.) Stages leave 3 times a week for Jefferson City ; for In*
dependence ; and for Columbia.
GLASGOW, situated on the left bank of the Missouri river, 172 mile*
from St. Louis, has two churches, several extensive warehouses, and 800
inhabitants. Stages leave daily for St. Louis ; and for Fort Leaven-
worth ; 3 times a week for Hannibal. (See route 622.)
INDEPENDENCE, six miles south of Missouri river and 292 from
St. Louis, is a flourishing place, and the starting point for the Santa
Fe traders, who obtain here many of their supplies. It has a court-
house and about 500 inhabitants. Stages leave three times a week for
St. Louis via Booneville, Jefferson City, &t-c. (See routes 618 and 622.)
LIBERTY is situated three miles from the left bank of the Missouri river,
and 276 from St. Louis. It contains a court-house, five churches,
two academies, and 1 ,500 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for St. Louis
via Glasgow, Columbia, Fulton, &rc. ; and for Fort Leavenworth ; three
times a week for St. Joseph. (See steamboat route 622.)
ST. JOSEPH, situated on the left bank of the Missouri river, 478 miles
from St. Louis, has several extensive warehouses and about 1,000 inhabi-
tants. (See steamboat route 622.) Stages leave three times a week
for Liberty.
SPRINGFIELD is situated on the head branches of James' fork of Whito
river, 258 miles from St. Louis. It contains a court-house, a United
States Land-office, 2 churches, and 500 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times
a week for Jefferson City ; for St. Louis via Caledonia ; and for Van
Uurcn, Ark.
CAPE GIRARDEAU is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river.
132 miles by the river below St. Louis. It contains about 500 inhabitants.
It is the seat of St. Mary's College, founded in 1830, which has a
president, five professors or other instructors, and 2,500 volumes in its
library. The commencement is on the last Thursday in August. Stages
leave 3 times a week for Jefferson City via Fredericktown, Caledonia, and
Sleeleville ; and for New Madrid. (See route 621.)
NEW MADRID is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river, 247
miles below St. Louis. The river here makes a bend, and its bank in
somewhat elevated, but is being undermined by the current. It contains
a court-house, a church, and 500 inhabitants. (See steamboat route
620.) Stages leave three times a week for Cape Girardeau.
HANNIBAL, 116 miles north from St. Louis, is situated on the right bank
of the Mississippi river. It contains a church, several extensive ware,
houses and manufacturing establishments, and 800 inhabitants. Stages
leave three times a week for St. Louis ; for Burlington, lo. ; and for
Glasgow. (See route 621.)
POTOSI, 67 miles from St. Louis, is situated in the centre of one of the
richest mineral regions in the United States, abounding with lead, iron,
and copper ores. It has a court-house, an academy, 4 churches, and 700
inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for St. Louis ; for Jefferson
City; and for Cape Girardeau.
LEXINGTON is situated on the right bank of the Missouri river, 124 miles
from Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, a United States Land-
office, 3 churches, an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave three
times a week for St. Louis via Jefferson City; and als9 for /nek.
pendence.
208
WISCONSIN*
WISCONSIN lies between 42 30' and 49 30' N.
' lat., and between 86 50' and 96 W. Ion., being 600
liles long and 150 broad. It contains about 90,01)0
, square miles. Its population in 1840 was 30,945 ; in 1845,
[ 150,000.
The surveyed part, south of Green bay, Fox, and
j Wisconsin rivers, is composed of timbered and prairie-
! lands, with some swamps and wet prairies, having a
vegetable soil from one to ten feet deep. North of the
Wisconsin river commences a hilly region, swelling as it proceeds north
into a mountainous country, with a rugged and broken surface, creating
many rapids and falls in the streams, and affording many wild and
picturesque views. Near the sources of the Mississippi is an elevated
table-land abounding with lakes and swamps ; in the former of which fish
are abundant, while wild rice grows in the latter. Bordering on the Mis-
sissippi and Wisconsin rivers, the soil is rich and the land generally
heavily timbered. The principal rivers are the Mississippi, washing its
western border ; the Wisconsin, 500 miles long, a large tributary of the
Mississippi ; the Chippeway, which enters the Mississippi further north-
west, and is a large river ; Rock river, which rises and runs partly in this
state ; Neenah or Fox river, which runs so near the Wisconsin, that at
times of high water the country between them is often overflowed and can
be passed in boats. The Neenah passes through Lake Winnebago, and
enters Green bay ; though obstructed by rapids, it is navigable for boats 180
miles.
Wisconsin was organized as a territorial government in 1836. The
governor is appointed by the president of the United States, with the ad.
vice and consent of the senate, and is ex-officio superintendent of Indian
affairs. The Legislative Assembly consists of a council of 13 members,
elected for four years, and a house of representatives of 26 members,
elected for two years.
No college has been established in this territory. It has several acad-
emies and 100 common schools.
MADISON, the capital, is 159 miles from Chicago, and beautifully situa.
ted on a peninsula between two lakes, on a gentle swell of ground from
which there is a regular descent each way to the water. It is regularly
laid out, with a large central square, in the centre of which is the State
House, a spacious stone edifice with a handsome dome The town has
several places of worship and 500 inhabitants. Stages leave three timts a
week for Milwaukee ; for Rockford t III. ; for Galena ; and for Fbrt
Winnebago.
MILWAUKEE is situated on both sides of Milwaukee river, near its on.
trance into Lake Michigan, 97 miles from Chicago. It contains a
STATE OF IOWA.
209
court house, a United States Land-office, eight churches, and 7,500 in-
habitants. It is a flourishing place, has an extensive water-power, and
is rapidly growing into commercial importance. Steamboats ply con-
stantly beticten it and Chicago, Buffalo, and the intermediate places.
(See route 548.) Stages leave 3 times a week for Chicago, III., and for
Madison.
PRAIRIK DU CHIEN is situated on the east hank of Mississippi river,
four miles above the mouth of Wisconsin river and 248 miles below
the falls of St. Anthony. The prairie is ten miles long and three wide.
The village contains a court-house, three churches, an academy, and
about 2,000 inhabitants. Numerous mounds of all sizes and shapes are
to be found in the vicinity. Fort Crawford, a United States military post,
is situated a little south of the village. (For steamboat route see 621.)
Stages leave 3 times a week for Galena.
IOWA is situated between 41T 30' and 4.r JO' i\. lat.,
and between 90 20* and 96" 50' W. Ion. It is about
256 miles long, and its mean breadth 198 miles con-
I mining 50,600 square miles. Population in 1844,
78,819.
The face of the country is moderately uneven, with-
Jout any mountains or high hills. There is a tract of
elevated table-land, which extends through a con-
siderable part of the territory, dividing the waters
which fall into the Mississippi, from those which fall into the Missouri.
The margins of the rivers and creeks, extending back from one to ten
miles, are generally covered with timber, while beyond this the country ia
an open prairie without trees : by the frequent alternations of these two
descriptions of land, the country is greatly diversified. The prairies
cover nearly three-fourths of the surface of the territory, and, although
they are destitute of trees, present a great variety of aspect. Some have
a level and others a rolling surface ; some^ire covered with a rich coat of
grass, well suited for grazing ; in others this is interspersed with hazel
thickets, and sassafras shrubs, and in season superbly decorated with
flowers. The soil, both on the bottom and prairie land, is generally good,
consisting of a deep black mould, intermingled, in the prairies, with sandy
loam, and sometimes with red clay and gravel.
The Mississippi borders this territory for its whole length on the east,
and is navigable in time of high water for steamboats to the mouth of the
St. Peter's. The Des Moines river runs in the southern part of the territory,
and, forming a part of the southwest boundary, enters the Mississippi.
In high water it is navigable for steamboats 100 miles, and for keel.boutx
210 STATE OF IOWA.
at all times. Checauque or Skunk river, after a course of 150 miles, enters
the Mississippi. Iowa river is 300 miles long, and is navigable for steam-
boats 12 miles from its entrance into the Mississippi, and for keel-boats to
Iowa city. Red Cedar river, the main branch of Iowa, is navigable for
keel-boats, in high water, 100 miles above its junction. The Wapsipinecon
has a winding and rapid course 200 miles, to its entrance into the Mis-
sissippi. The Makoqueta bounds the mineral region on the south, and
enters the Mississippi, furnishing in its course the best water-power in the
territory. Turkey river, after a course of 150 miles, enters the Mis-
eissippi. It is not navigable. Sioux river enters the Missouri, and forma
part of the west boundary.
The governor is elected for four years. He must be a citizen of the
United States and have resided for two years next preceding his election
within the state, and have attained the age of 30 years. The legislative
authority is vested in a senate and house of representatives which meet
biennially on the first Monday in January. Representatives are chosen for 2
years ; they must be free white citizens of theUnited States, and have attained
the age of 21 years, have resided within the state one year next preceding
the election, and thirty days within the county or district for which they
may be elected. Senators are chosen for four years, at the same time
of electing representatives. They must be 25 years of age, and possess
the qualifications of representatives. The judicial power is vested in a
supreme court, district courts, and such other inferior courts as the
legislature may establish. Judges of the Supreme Court are elected by
the legislature, and hold their office for six years. Every white male
citizen of the United States, 21 years of age, who shall have resided
within the state six months next preceding the election, and 20 days in the
county in which he claims to vote, enjoys the right of suffrage.
The University of Iowa, at Mount Pleasant, in Henry county, has been
chartered. Seven academies have been incorporated, and there are about
100 common schools.
IOWA CITY, the capital of the state, is situated thirty-one miles from
Bloomington, on the left bank of Iowa river, which is navigable to
this place. The situation is dry and pleasant. It contains a state-house,
court-house, several churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. The Capitol
is of the Grecian Doric order of architecture, and has a dome supported
by 22 Corinthian columns. Stages leave 3 times a week for Burlington ;
and for Rock Island, III.
BURLINGTON is handsomely situated on the right bank of the Mis-
sissippi river, 222 miles above St. Louis. It is surrounded by hills, to
which the ground rises by a gentle acclivity. It is regularly laid out, and
has a court-house, several commodious churches, a United States Land-
office, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for St.
Louis ; and for Dubuque via Bloomington. Steamboats ply to all the
principal places on the Mississippi river. (See route 621.)
DOBUQUE is situated on the right bank of Mississippi river, 426
miles above St. Louis, and 306 below the Falls of St. Anthony. It
is built on a table area, or terrace, which extends along the river for
several miles. It contains a United States Land-office, five churches,
a bank, an academy, a lyceum, and 1,500 inhabitants. Lead ore is
found in abundance here, and for miles around on every side. Steam-
boats ply to all the principal places on the Mississippi. (See route 621.)
Stages leave 3 times a week for Galena ; and for Burlington via Daven-
port and Bloomington.
RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES,
THROUGH
THE WESTERN STATES.
TO KNOXVILLE
To Nicholasville
Burnt '"
t Tavern
Lancaster
Stanford
Mt. Vernon
12 Crittenden
04 Florence. .
own
istown ...
en
4'
3:.
II
12
47
56
Mt. Zion
SHAWNEETOWN,
1C,
I
74
83
84
(506) FR'M LEXIN
TO SMITHLAN]
on
fATI
an. v union 6ooo tf ~ m , v , T To Nicholasville .
London 19 1 82 ^(J6) rR M .LEXINGTON ohawnee Run
Lynn Camp '.'.'.'.'.'. 13i 95 ! To M ADISON, la. j Harrodsburg
sr . K. -~u__ m -T >. , , jo Perryville
Barboursville 12107 To Versailles , , ^ T -.-
Cumberland Ford 16 123 Frankfort 12 24 Lebanon.
Cumberland Gap 15 138 Laputa 10 34 ewm . nr . ket ..-,
Tazewell 12 150 Newcastle 15 49 Campbellsyi
Beai
......... ........
ns' Station ...12162 Campbellsburg...
... ... ___ ...
Rutledge ......... \ 9171 Bedford .......... 10 65 1 , onr ( , e -r- .....
Blam'sX Roads.. 14185 Milton ............ 11 76 Blue Spring Grove
KNOXVILLE ...... i!9204 [MADISON ......... I 11 77 S^ ASG < )W . ........
.Three Forks .'.'.'.'.'.
(501) FR'M LEXINGTON (504) FR'M LEXINGTON' ^grippmg Spring..
TO WHEELING, Va.
To Moreland ,
7 15
Millersburg
Forest Retreat....
Lower Blue Lick.
May's Lick
Washington
MAYSVILLE
Aberdeen
West Union.....
Dunbarton
Locust Grove . . .
Sinking Spring..
Cynthiana
Bainbridee
Bourneville
Chillicothe
Kingston
Tarlton.
8 23 'To Versailles
6 29 Frankfort
8 37 Bridgeport
12 49 'Hardinsville
8 57| Clay Village
4 61 Shelby ville
1 62 Simpson ville
17 79 I Long Run
TO LOUISVILLE,
1 Via Frankfort.
10 89 iMiddletown ......
6 95! LOUISVILLE ......
6101!
! Bowling Green...
8. Union
iRussellville
41250
71257
12
12 24
7 31
41
12 Elkton 15
24 Hopkins ville 20
~ Cerulean Spring.. If
17112
"124
134
14156
14184
33 Princeton..
11)2
41 Fredonia 14 259
47 Salem 10269
55 ; SMITHLAND 15284
66 (507) FR'M LEXINGTON
78 I TO COLUMBUS, Ky.
(505) FR'M LEXINGTON
TO SHAWNEETOWN.
To Louisville
10111
5116
11127 ,
13140 (see No. 504) ...
10150 Salina
9159 ! West Point
16175 IGarnettsville
9184 Brandenburg
8192 Hardinsburg
10202 |Cloverport
| To Hopkinsville
10212
Lancaster
Rushville
Somerset
Fultonham
ZANESVILLE
WHEELING
(see No. 323)...
(502) FR'M LEXINGTON
TO CINCINNATI, O. _ o 1M 1I10
To D jlphton I I 8 iMorganfield
Hawsville
Yelvington
Owensboro'
Richland .
Henderson .'.'_. ^
Smith's Mills 12234 Glasgow
(Bellevue .
Cadiz
78 Canton
89 Aurora
Wadesboro'
8107 Mayfield
11118 Milburn
24142 COLUMBUS
11 153
219
10229
12241
20290
21311
"1319
9162 !(508) FR'M LEXINGTON
21183 I TO NASHVILLE, Tenn.
10 193 To Harrodsburg I
12205! (see No. 06)... 31
Three Springs.... 75106
17123
25148
12246,iScottsville..
212
ROUTES IN KENTUCKY.
Gallatin .......... 331181'j Woodsonville .... 10
.......... ....
NASHVILLE ...... 201207 j! Three Forks ...... 11 96
j! Dripping Spring.. 8104
(509) FR'M LEXINGTON BOWLING GREEN 14 118
TO KNOXVILLE. (Franklin ......... 22140
85
Lancaster 8 32
Stanford ' 8 40
Mt. Vernon 23, 63
London 19< 82
Lynn Camp 13^95
Mansker's Creek .
Pleasant Hill
NASHVILLE
NATCHEZ
7183
(see No. 485)... 469 652;
arboursville . 12107 (513) FR'M LOUISVILLE'
n Ford 1 123
TO MAYSVILLE.
.
Cumberland Ford 16 123 j
Cumberland Crap lo loo i *-,,, .
Tazeweil ......... 121-50 j T Middletown .
: \ 14 1&5 ?
a
TO NATCHEZ , M iss. 1 i Ver^ailfes R r . ! '. '. '. '. 12 66
Via Lexington, Nash- LEXINGTON 12 78
vilLe, &cc. I MAYSVILLE | '
4 (see No. 501) ... 61 139
*!
To Washington . .
May's Lick ......
Lower Blue Lick.
Forest Retreat ____
Millersburg .......
Paris
Moreiand
LEXINGTON
Nicholasville
Shiwnee Run
Ul.rr, rl-hnrtr
,! J2 '(513) FR'M LOUISVILLE
'*: ^ j TO COLUMBUS, Ky.
6| 38 |To Bowling Green
(515) FR'M LOUISVILLE
TO ST. JOSEPH'S,
Mich.
To Paoli
(see No. 514)..
Orleans.
Spring MilU '.'.'..'.
Sinking Spring..
Bedford
Marysville ,
BLOOMINGTON ... 14 -_
Martinsville 21110
INDIANAPOLIS ilo 125
ST. JOSEPH
(see No. 522 Jc !
523) 174299
(516) FR'M LOUISVILLE
TO MEMPHIS, Tenn.
To NASHVILLE
(see No. 511) . . .
MEMPHIS
(see No. 484)... 230 413
(517) FR'M SMITHLAND
TO MAYS
183
LEBANON ,
Newmarket 1 6126
Campbellsviile... 12;i3S
Greensburg 12150
(see No. 511) .
S. Union
Russellville
... 12 73 ;Elkton
12i 85 HOPKINSVILLE.
"i 7i M-2 i COLUMBUS
:'.J10;102 (see No. 506)... 11
.YSVILLE, Ky.
To Salem | 15
i Fredonia 10 25
Princeton. 14 39
Cerulean Spring . 10 49
118 HOPKINSVILLE... 16 65
14132 Elkton 20 85
14 146 ! Russellville 15 100
15161 IS. Union 14114
Monroe 11161
Three Springs.... 6 167 i To New Albany..
Blue Spring Grove 4 171 Greenville
GLASGOW 13184 Palmyra
Lewis 12196 Fredericksburg.
Srottsville 13209 Hardinsburg ...
State Line 9218 jPaoli
Gallatin 24242 Columbiaville..
. 10252 Mt. Pleasant ...
)|l81 ! BOWLING GRKEN14128
Dripping Spring.. 14142
Three Forks... ... 8150
.jGlasgow 10160
(514) FR'M LOUISVILLE Blue Spring Grove 13 173
TO ST. Louis, i Three Springs.... 4177
Via New Albany, la. & Monroe,
Greensowrg IJL
''
Henderson ville .
Pleasant Hill....
NASHVILLE
NATCHEZ
I Greensburg
4 ! ! Campbellsviile ...
i Newmarket
Lebani
' ( a ee No. 485)... 469^737
(511) FR'M LOUISVILLE
TO NATCHEZ,
Via Nashville.
ToSalina
West Point
Elt7.abethtown...l22 43
Nolen
Leesville
Mumtbrdsville ... 875
7,268 Berry ville [7,96
VINCENNES
Perry ville
34 HARRODSBURG .
4^5 Shawnee Run...
(M ! Nicholasville
74 i LEXINGTON
OQ I MAYSVILLE
1 (see No. 501) . .
. :18|242
. 10 252
. 7259
. 121271
.112283
.I61344
Olney
Maysville 25
140 X"
165 To Salem .
Cato 18 183 i Fredonia
SALEM 18 201 Princeton
Carlyle '26 227 Cerulean Spring
Shoal Creek 92&5 i HOPKINSVILLE..
Aviston i 6242 Oak Grove
Lebanon Ill 253 Clarksville
Rock Spring ' 4 257 Fredonia
82r,|Mt. Henry'.'.'.
I 15
.0 25
A> OQ
79
12 91
11102
5107
ST Lons ....... 142/9 NASHVILLE ! 30137
ROUTES IN INDIANA.
213
f5I9) FROM COLUMBUS
TO NASHVILLE.
ToClinton I | 12
Feliciana 11 23
Boydsville. 16
Barren Hill 113
PARts.. 17
Sandy Hill 112
Reynoldsburg |19
Waverly ! 9 -
Btitson's 12111
Charlotte 10 121
Chesn ut Grove... 18139
NASHVILLE 20159
FROM HICKMAN TO
NASHVILLE.
To Totten Wells .
Gardnersville
Dresden
Irvin's Store
. 24
12 36
Mt. Holyoke
PARIS
NASHVILLE
(see No. 519)... 100 160
(520) F'M INDIANAPOLIS
TO COLUMBUS, O.
To Cumberland..
Philadelphia
Greenfield
Charlottesville
Knightstown ....'.
Ogden
Lewisville
Dublin
Cambridge , _
CENTREVILLE ... 10
Richmond..
New Westville,O. 6 79
EATON 10 89
W. Alexander... 6 95
Liberty 13jl08
DAYTON 7i115
Fairrield
Enon
SPRINGFIELD ...
....
Brighton Centre..
La Fuyette
W. Jefferson
Alton
COLUMBUS
7133
7140
10150
10160
8168
5173
9182
(521) F'M INDIANAPOLIS
TO GREENVILLE, O.
ToNoblesville...
Strawtown
Andersontown ...
Mill Creek
Yorktown
Muncie
Smithfield...
Windsor
Macksville
Winchester
Randolph
GREENVILLE
7
14102
522) F'M INDIANAPOLIS
TO MICHIGAN CITY.
To Augusta
Eagle Village....
Northfield
'sX Roads...
Michigantown ...
Middle Fork
Burlington
arroll
6 48
5 53
6 59
LOGANSPORT .... 13 72
Metea 12 84
Rochester Ill
_~ , icy 110 105
Plymouth 8113
Laporte 30J143
MICHIGAN CITY.. I 6149
(523) F'M INDIANAPOLIS
TO ST. JOSEPH'S,
Mich.
To Plymouth I |
'see No. 522)... 113
./hitehall 14127
I 10 SOUTH BEND .... 10137
Niles, Mich |12149
Berrian Springs . . [10 159
_ Royalton 12171
33 ST. JOSEPH'S ....! 3174
(524) F'M INDIANAPOLIS
TO LA FAYETTE.
To Clermont
Brownsburg
Jamestown
New Ross
Crawfordsville . . .
Wea
LA FAYETTE
15 60
13 73
(525) F'M INDIANAPOLIS
TO PEORIA, 111.
To Crawfordsv
(see No. 524)
Waynetown ..
Hillsboro'
Cole's Creek
Covington..
Danville
Union
Urban a
Mahomet
Santa Anna.. .
Leroy
Bloomington ..
Wilkesboro'
Mackinaw
Trernont
PEORIA
iJle
. . 20 106
..14120
...13133
...14H47
...10157
...1151172
...10182
... 101192
...I 7ll99
...13212
(526) F'M INDIANAPOLIS
TO SPRINGFIELD, 111.
Via Terre Haute.
To Bridgeport
Plainrield
Belleville
Stilesville
Mt. Meridian
Putnamville
Manhattan
Harmony
Van Buren
TERRE HAUTE ..
Elbndge
Paris
Embarrass Point. .
Oakland
Hermitage
Livingston
Decatur
Mt. Auburn
Rochester
ejif
5 20.
43
4 46
8 54
7i 61
12: 73
111 84
10 103
7110
18128
16!144
20164
18182
SPRINGFIELD 110204
(527) F'M INDIANAPOLIS
TO ST. Louis, Mo.
TOTERRE HAUTE
(see No. 526) ...
Livingston, 111....
Marshall
13 86
4 1 90
Martinsville 12102
Casey 6108
Greenup 10118
Wood bury
Ewington
Freemanton
Howard's Point..
Cumberland ..
VANDALIA
Mulberry Grove ..
Greenville
Hickory Grove...
Collinsville <
ST. Louis..
125
18143
5148
9157
7:164
6170
9179
8187
9196
25221
116237
(528) F'M INDIANAPOLIS
TO LOUISVILLE, Ky.
Via New Albany.
To Martinsville ..1
Bloomington 21
Marysville 14
Bedford
Sinking Spring..
Spring Mill
Orleans
PAOLI
Hardinsburg ....
Fredericksburg. .
Palmyra
Greenville
New Albany ....
LOUISVILLE....
101
8109
12 121
4125
214
ROUTES IN INDIANA.
(529) F'M INDIANAF
TO FREDONIA.
To Paoli
(see No. 528) . . .
Valerie ]
OLIS
79
89
5 94
3107
OLIS
10
20
30
LI 41
pulis
!}U
7 55
533) F'M INDIANA?
TO VEVAY.
'o Napoleon
(see No. 531) . . .
Versailles 1
3LIS
73
81
93;
4 97
8 105
3108
* TO
volis
12
8 20i
8 28
7 35
W
4 42
1 53
63
73
LO 83
ILLE
r,
^erre
te,Sr
\ 10
20 30
4 34
8 42
12 54
15 69
8 77
12 89
9 98
8106
7113
7120
9129
6135
10145
^
518
8180
6186
21*8
5193
8201
11212
7219
422:
7230
6236
3239
5244
7251
(536) F'M EVANSV
TO CHICAGO, I
To Covington
(see No. 535)...
DANVILLE, III ']
North Fork
r ,
172
2184
12222
12234
28262
6268
102- 8
20298
53W
8311
4315
61321
4J325
131338
H OF
IVER
1 29
19 48
32 80
10 90
2 92
15107
18125
111136
24 160
16176
11187
24 211
5216
11227
10237
10 247
16284
13297
13310
IIGAN
ATI,
is.
30 36
8: 44
10 54
11 65
12 77
13 90
6 96
5ilOl
6:107
10117
12129
5134
6140
9149
105254
Proctorsville
FRKDONIA .3
(530) F'M INDIANA!
TO MADISON.
To Greenwood...
Franklin
Jross Plains 1
Miltord \
It. Sterling
VEVAY
534) F'M MADISOI
INDIANAPOLIS.
Madison fr Indian a
Railroad.
\> Dupont
Vernon
Iroquois
Julbonus Grove..
Rockville .:
Wilmington
Lockport. . . .
Edinburg
Ues Plains ...
Madison fr Indiana
Railroad.
^lag Creek ,
Clifty 1
Eliznbethtown ...
gcinio
Scipio
Slizabethtown ...
Clifty. . . 4
537) FROM Moui
THE WABASH R
TO LA FAYETTE
Steamboat.
To Grand Chain.
Slew Harmony ...
Coffee Isl. Rapids
Mt Carmel. . .
Vernon....; 8 1 62
8 ! 71
12 83
POLIS
1,
14 Z
12 34
6 40
11 51
10 61
12 73
6 79
Edinbuf^* 1
(531) F'M INDIANA
TO ClNCINNAT
Via Napoleon
To Bethel
Franklin 1
Jreenwood
ND1ANAPOLIS ]
(535) F'M EVANSV
TO LOGANSPOR
Via Vincennes, '.
Haute, La Fayei
Delphi.
To Sandersville ..
Princeton
Patoka
Grand Rauids...
St. Francisville. ..
VINCENNES
Russellville
Pleasant View
Brandy wine
Shelby ville
St Omar
Merom . .
York
Greensburg
NAPOLEON
TERRE HAUTE...
Harrison
Laugherty
4 83
7 90
Dicksburg
VINCENNES
Montezuma
Westporl
Perry ville
Covington
WILLIAM SPORT..
La Grunge
Lawrenceburg ...
Elizabethtown.O.
Cleves
10100
610b
4110
4114
4118
4122
POLIS
I,
e.
lo
11 2b
14 4
7 4
4 5
6 5
5i b*
7 tt
7 7
5 8
6 8
W. Union
Carlisle
Merorn
Dry Ridge
Furmim's Creek..
Prairie Creek !
I'rairieton
TERRE HAUTE...
Otter Creek
Clinton
CINCINNATI
(532) F'M INDIANA
TO ClNCINNAT
Via Brookvili
To Sugar Creek..
Morristown
LA FAYETTE
(538) FROM MICI
CITY TO CINCINJ
Via Indianapot
To Laporte
Highland
Newport
Perry ville
CoVINOTON
Portland
Sidney
Rochester
Metea
gushville
ew Salem,
Wllliamsport
Attica
Slmwnee Prairie..
West Point
LOGANSPORT
Carroll
Burlington
Andersonville
laurel
Metamora ....
Middle Fork
Michigantown ...
Kirk'sX Roads..
Northlield
Eagle Village....
Augusta
BROOKVILLE
Cedar Grove
New Trenton
Harrison O
LA FAYETTE
Battle Ground
Americus
DELPHI . .
Clark's Store
Miami
4 9
4 9o
Tiptonport
Ijockport.
INDIANAPOLIS
CINCINNATI
(see No. 532)...
Cbeviot
610
410
Amsterdam
LOGANSI'ORT ....
CINCINNATI
ROUTES IN MICHIGAN.
215
(539) F'M DETROIT
PORT HUKON.
ToRoseville !
Mt. Clemenos 1
New Haven
Columbus il
TO|
L 18
1 25
2 ! 37
L 48
L! 59
1 TO
RR.
14
5 19
6 25
7 32
5 37
7 44
5 49
4 53
8 61
4 65
7 72
3 85
12 97
r TO
13
3 16
4 20
5 25
4 29
6 35
iJ
3 51
8 59
12 71
15 86
25111
7118
10128
7ia5
10145
10155
7162
2518?
12199
T TO
rfctf,
id.
\ 10
5 15
8 23
7 30
101 4f
6 4f
Dexter
6 52]
7 59i
Calumet, 111 I241267
CHICAGO 11212/9
-v T nkp
8 67
4 71
8 79
6 851
7 92
5 971
3100
8108
5113
7120
5 12.-,
8133
4137;
5142
4146
18164
8172
8180
10 190
10200,
IT TO
30
5 35
5 40
5 45
7 52
5 57
9 66
7 73
6 79
9 88
4 92
5 97
7104
6110
3113
4117
4121
5126
5131
4135
5140
8148
6154
6160
7167
51172
3175
i 7il82
)IT TO
182
.141%
. 5201
13214
. 12 22t
. 17 243
(545) F'M DETROIT
TOLEDO.
To Truago
P TO
13
8 21
4 25
3 38
5 43
5i 48
5 53
9 62
3 65
r TO
f a
5 57
LO! 67
r TO
75
10 85
20105
27132
30162
#192
14206
30236
30266
16282
15 327
T TO
72
75 147
7f. 2'Jii
80302
6r 367
034D
?,(! 620
2 , 645
136/8
57715
)E TO
ad.
112
6 18
4 22
12 34
7 41
10 51
6 57
5 62
6 68
I eoni
T rK;oN
Barry
St. Clair 1
PORT HURON.... 1
(540) F'M DETROII
SAGINAW.
Detroit $ Pontiac
To Royal Oak....
Birmingham
Albion
Waterburg
Brownstown
Bre^t 1
Vlurengo
MARSHALL
MONROE
LaSalle
Battle Creek
Charleston
Manhattan, O....;
Galesburg
Comstock
KALAMAZOO
Stage.
Pawpnw
Kendall
Keelersville .. .
(546) F'M DETROU
ADRIAN.
To Clinton
(see No. 543) ...
Staff e.
Watertbrd
Springfield
Grovel and
Grand Blanc
Bainbridpe
ST. JOSEPH'S ....
(543) F'M DETRO
NlLES.
To Ypsilanti
(see No. 542)...
Pittsrield
Saline
Benton
Clinton
ADRIAN 1
547) F'M DETROI
BUFFALO.
Steamboat.
To Sandusky, O..
Genesee
Thettbrd .
Bridgeport
SAGINAW 1
(541) F'M DKTROI
GRAND HAVEN
Via Ionia.
ToRedford I
Black River
JLEVELAND
Grand River
Ashtabula
Livonia
Farmington
Novi
Hicksville
Kensington
Cambridge
Woodstock
Somerset
Moscow
Jonneuut
ERIE, Pa
Portland, N.Y. ..
Dunkirk
BUFFALO
Brighton
Genoa
HOVVELL
Cedar
Phelnstown
Sylvanus
Quincy
(COLD WATER ...
Brunch
(548) F'M DETROI
CHICAGO.
To Ft. Gratiot. . .
Point au Barques
Thunder Bay Is .
Presque Iste
DeWitt
Lyons
1 Batavia
Bronson's Prairie.
Prairie River ....
! Freedom
IONIA
Boston
Flat River
Ada
Sherman
W. Sherman
White Pigeon...
MOTTSVILLE
Manitou Islands. ]
Milwaukie, Wis. 1
Racine
GRAND RAPIDS . .
South port
Port Sheldon
GRAND HAVKN...
(542) F'M DETRO
ST. JOSEPH'S
Via Jackson,Mar
& Kaiamazoo
Central Railro
To Dearbornville.
S. Nankin
S. Plymouth
Ypsilanti
Adamsville. . .
CHICAGO, 111. ...
(549) FR'M MONRC
NlLES.
Southern Railrc
To Ida
Edwardsburg. ...
Dover
NlLES
(544) F'M DETRC
CHICAGO.
To Niles-
(see No. 543) . .
Terre Coupee, la
Hudson
Laporte
MICHIGAN CITY.
! City W T est
Somerfield . ..
Deerfield .........
ADRIAN ..;...;...
Dover
Hudson
Pittsford
Florida
HlLLSDALE
ANN ARBOR
Scio....
1216
Stage.
Sylyanus
duincy
Cold Water
ROUTES IN ILLINOIS.
8 76
71 ::
6i 89
(550) F'M TOLEDO, O.,
TO NlLES.
Erie <Sr Kalamazoo RR.
To Whiteford....
....
Blissford, Mich...
almyra
ADRIAN
NlLES
_.
61 33
I
(see No. 549)... 127 160
(551) FROM ADRIAN TO
JACKSON.
To Tecumseh ....
v Clinton
Manchester
Elba
Napoleon
Michigan Centre.
JACKSON
i FROM MARSHALL
i MICHIGAN CITY,
To Cedar Lake...
Newton
Athens
Sherwood ........
Port Pleasant .....
Nottaway ........
CENTREVILLE ...
Mottville .........
Bristol, la ........
Elkhart
MUhawaka ......
South Bend ......
Big Springs. .....
MICHIGAN CITY..
a
R 42
30117
12U29
(553) F'M KALAMAZOC
TO GRAND KAPIDS.
ToRichland
Fulton
Yankee Springs..
Middleville
Ada ,
GRAND RAPIDS... HO'
(554) F'M KALAMAZO
TO GRAND HAVEN.
To Plainville
Otsego .....'
Allegan
Richmond
Saugatuck
Port Sheldon
GRAND HAVEN... 12
555) FROM SHAWNEE-
TOWN TO VlNCENNES.
'o New Haven . .
Concord
'hillipstown
iraysville
rtt. Carmel
Lrmstrong
"iNCENNES
8 31
IS 1 66
10! 76
19: 95
SALEM
Jatc
Vlaysville
Jlney
'ittwrenceville
'INCENNES
556) FROM SHAWNEE
TOWN TO SPRING
FIELD.
oDuncanton ... | 23
ScLeanshoro'.... 16 39
oore's Prairie... 13 52
tit. Vernon ,
ordon's Prairie.
ALEM
f ANDALIA
lurricane
Hillsboro'
.anesville
SPRINGFIELD ...
.561) FR'M KASKASKIA
TO ST. Louis.
To Prairie de
Rocher
Waterloo
Columbia
Jahokia
ST. Louis
14 66
8 74
14 88
25113
12125
15140
26,166
38204
557) FROM SHAWNEE
TOWN TO ST. Louis.
To Cy press v ilk. . .
Equality
lallatin
Jrankfbrt
Vlt. Hawkins
Vashville
Peasant Grove...
Vlascoutah
Belleville
ST. Louis
151125
10I3T
15150
[558) FROM GOLCONDA
TO ST. Louis.
To Sarahville
Marion C. H
Frankfort
ST. Louis
(see No. 557)...
II Il5t
559) FROM SHAWNEE
TOWN TO CAPE Gi
RARDEAU, Mo.
T9 Mt. Airy | li
Vienna
Mt. Pleasiint
Jonesboro'
Clear Creek L'd'gj 18! 8
CAPEGlRARDEAUl 61 9
(560) FR'M KASKASKL
TO VlNCENNES.
To Sparta
Elkhorn
Nashville
Walnut Hill,
Hi ;>
12 &-
11! 70
18 88
18106
25131
22 153
9162
21 35
8 43
9, 52
3 55
) FROM ALTON TO
JACKSONVILLE.
To Brighton I I 12
Delaware 12 24
Payette
Greenfield
Athensville
Williamsburg
JACKSONVILLE...
10 63
(563) F'M SPRINGFIELD
TO CHICAGO,
Via Peoria.
ToMiddletown.. I 20
Delevan 25 45
4; 57
70
85
14;102
Dillon
Tremont
Pekin
PEORIA
Rome
Chillicothe
Lacon ,--,.
Hennepin 17119
LASALLE 15134
Ottawa !lol49
Lisbon 21 170
Ausable 9 179
JOLIET..., 113192
5 197
8 205
4 I'd:-
4219
I^ockport
Keopateau . . .
Des Plaines...
Flagg Creek..
Summit
CHICAGO 13 2&
(564) F'M SPRINGFIELD
TO GALENA,
Via. Peoria.
To Peoria
(see No. 563)
N. Hampton . .
Providence... .
Scottsville
Dixon's Ferry
TO
_. 90
124 114
35U49
112161
Buftalo Grove.... 12173
Cherry Grove ....H7J190
Apple River 25215
GALENA 15123')
ROUTES IN ILLINOIS.
217
(565) F'M SPRING*
TO LEWISTOW
To Salisbury
Petersburg
Sand Ridge
Havanna.
IELD
N.
'1C
11 21
6 27
18 45
5 50
5 55
IELD
14
9 32
2 45
8 53
5 58
4 72
2 84
2 %
5111
[ELD
lo.
and
33
7 40
8 48
9 57
2 69
1 80
H J4H
2108
5113
7120
7127
8135
ELD
lo.
69
2 81
8 89,
'-> 94
2 %
HOI
1115
1133
3141
2143
ELD
i!5
39
59
67
J\ 74
L 951
i|(570) F'M SPRING
TO SHAWNEETO
To Zanesville...
Hillsboro'
FIELE
WN.
26 64
15 78
12 91
:.V) lit
14130
8jl38
141 152
Ib|l65
16 181
23204
^ELD
I,
is.
10
16 26
34 60
12 72
9 81
7 88
(574) FROM PEOR
CHICAGO,
(See No. 563)
(575) FROM PEOR
GALENA.
ToN. Hampton..]
Providence...
A TO
1162
[A TO
20
24 44
ti 79
12 91
12 103
17120
35145
15 160
A TO
14
7 21
6 27
8 35
45
5 50
60
6 66
8 84
94
SL TO
5,1
4 17
8 25
5 50
70
5165
) TO
is.
12
1 16
5 21
7 28
i 32
7 39
3 47
7 54
7 61
I 72
i 87
) 97
)TO
85
98
102
106
118
139
159
Hurricane
VANDALIA
Waterford.
Salem
LEWISTOWN
(566) F'w SPRINOF
TO Q.UINCY.
Railroad.
To Berlin
Jordan's Prairie..
Mt. Vernon
Moore's Prairie...
McLeansboro' ...
Duncanton . . .
jScottsville i
Dixons ville
! Buffalo Grove....
Cherry Grove
Apple River
GALENA I
SHAWNEETOWN .
(571) F'M SPRING]
TO ClNCINNAT
Via Tndianapol
To Rochester
Taylorsville
Shelby ville
Jacksonville
Bethel
MEREDOSIA
Stage.
Versailles.
(576) FROM PEORI
BURLINGTON.
To Robin's Nest..
Charleston
'French Creek ....
Trenton
Mt. Sterling
Clayton 1
Columbus
Q.UINCY
(567) F'M SPRINOF
TO BURLINGTON,
Via Jacksonville
Beardstown.
Railroad.
To Jacksonville ..
Stage.
Arcadia .
Paradise
Bethsaida
KNOXC. II , ]
iGalesburg
Charleston
Hitesville
8 96
12108
6114
10124
9133
11144
12156
7163
8171
4175
li IW1
S IS!)
8197
5202
6208
9 ( 217
)5'322
IELD
la.
15
5 40
a K5
2 87
4101
0121
5,136
0176
SON-
IS.
10
20
* 2*
;>
8 46
5 51
7 58
3 71
4 95
Cold Brook ]
MONMOUTH
Oquawka '.
i BURLINGTON, lo.l]
'(577) FROM PEORL
ST. Louis.
ToPekin
i Grand view
Paris
Elbridsre.. . I
TERRE HAUTE ..'
VanBuren
Harmony....
i Manhattan
Bath
Beardstown
Rushville 1
Doddsville 1
:putnamsvitle ...
Mt. Meridian
Stilesville
Dillon
Delevan
Middletown i
Macomb ]
Belleville
Muddy Lane ]
Bedford
Plainfield...
ST. Louis
(see No. 569) ...9
(578) F'M CmcAGf
MILWAUKEE, W
To Dutchman's
Point
Wheeling
Honey Creek
Shokokan
INDIANAPOLIS
CINCINNATI
(see No. 532)... 1(
(572) F'M SPRINGF
TO LAFAYETTE,
To Mechanicsb'rg
Decatur $
Monticello 5
BURLINGTON
(568) F'M SPRINGFI
TO F'T MADISON,
Via. Nauvoo.
To Rushville
(see No. 567)...
Camden.. 1
Halfday....
Liberty ville
Urbana i
Union 1
Little Fort
Otsego
Huntsville.. .
Pulaski...
Danville 2
Covington, la. ... !
LA FAYETTE
(see No. 535) ...A
(573) FROM JACK
VILLE TO ST. LOT.
To Wil'iamsburg.
Manchester 1
Whitehall
Salona, Wis
South port
Racine 1
Augusta
Plymouth.
Carthage . 1
Onk Creek ... >],
Nauvoo 1
MILWAUKEE il(
(579) FR'M CHICAG<
MADISON, Wis.
To Rockford
(see No. 580)...
Roscoe K
Pecatonica -
Beloit
Appanoos
FORT MADISON..
(569) F'M SPRINGFI
TO ST. Louis.
To Auburn
Carlinville 2
Lincoln 2<
Carrollton 1
Kane
Jersey ville. .
Paddock's Grove.
Edwardsville
ST. Louis 2
Delhi
Alton.. . 1
Janesville 1!
ST. Louis
10
MADISON 2t
218
ROUTES IN ILLINOIS.
(580) F'M CHICAGO T
PRAIRIE DU CHIEN,
Via Galena.
ToCazenovia....] 1
floomingdale..Jl2 5
ft" 121
o ome 3|14
7 OLDWATER.....I
2 Q,uincy (
J169
J175
7183
)187
i!91
?200
J206
PEORIA 1516
Pekin 817
Tremont 517
i Dillon . 4 1/
)| Sylvanus
j Scipio
9 Moscow
? Delevan 818
b Middletown 2521
7 Somerset
2 Woodstock
Hampshire 8 <
1 Springfield [202;
" ST. Louis
g (see No. 569)... 195 32
If (583) F'M CHICAGO T
l SHAWNEETOVVN.
K To Summit 1
2 Cambridge
"213
J222 1
5227
7234
3239
5244
5249
i.
)J279
A TO
15
8 33
3 46
6 52
9 61
2 73
7 80
7 87
7 94
5 99
4103
6109
8117
61123
2133
2147
L1I158
A TO
9
l ?l
12! 40
81 48
9! 57
10 67
251 92
fATO
EN.
18
8 26
18 44
12 56
15 71
Coral 6
7 Clinton 6
rj .
Amesville 5
Belvidere
o Saline
Pittsfield
Cleveland
ROCKFORD
3 YPSIL.ANTI
Vanceburg 1
Silver Creek 1
Freeport 61
fa Des Plaines 6 5
VS Keeoateau 4 5
2- jockport 8 {
7 Central Railroai
S. Plymouth
^ S. Nankin
Apple River 18,1
GALENA '15)1
fo OLIET 5 '
s Wilmington 20
Rockville 10
4 Bulbonus Grove..) 6
J DETROIT 1
'% (585) FR'M GALEN
, CHICAGO,
16 Via Rockford.
$ To Elizabeth, (or
34 Apple River)...
>4 Burr-oak Grove . . -1
7; Freeport 1
Jamestown .. . 18 : 1
Paris 81
Cassville 182
Patch Grove 122
PRAIRIEDUCHIEN 15 2
(581) F'M CHICAGO r
ROCK ISLAND,
Via. Dixon.
To Brush Hill....
Downer's Grove.. 4
Napierville 6
02 M X7 11
SI North Fork 122 1
)ANVILLE 161
Georgetown 10 1
ro Bloomfield 115 1
Paris l 1
^2 Silver Creek
1 yanceburg
lo ROCKFORD 1
Marshall 162
J8 fork '$ 2
J Hutsonsville.. ..52
Palestine | 82
32 Belvidere
40 Amesville
Sugar Grove 6
Acasta 7
J iussellville 11? 2
S VlNCENNES 1102
2? Vlarengo
Coral....
Little Rock 3
^ Mt. Carmel 102
Hampshire
"' Udina
Pawpaw Grove . . 17
Inlet 16
JS Grays ville 183
f&\ Philipstown 93
&: Carmi , ..83
J2 Elgin..
^* Bloomingdale....
DIXON 14
Sterling 5
vj Concord *>e
11 New Haven 65
Ug SHAWNEETOWN .17|c
5? (584) F'M CHICAGO -
i*J DETROIT.
To Calumet ]
TO City West, In 24
MICHIGAN CITY.. 17
Laporte 12
^ CHICAGO
ti (586) FR'M GALEN
MADISON.
To Hazel Green..
19 H'lk Grove
Rock River Rap-
ids 7
Craudall's Ferry.. 11
ROCK ISLAND 33
(582) F'M CHICAGO
ST. Louis,
Via Peoria fy Sprir
field.
To Summit 1
o^ BHrnont
KQ Mineral Point....
S? Dodgeville
ro Ridgeway
Terre Coupee 5
13 Niles 14
oy Beaumont
g-? MADISON
Flag Creek 4
Des Plaines ... 6
' Edwardsburg 10
2< Adamsville 5
27 Union 7
OJ (587) FR'M GALE*
|^ PRAIRIE DU CHI
25 To Jamestown . . .
131 Paris
Lockport 8
JOLIET 5
i MOTTSVILLE 6
40 White Pigeon.... 6
Au Sable 13
Lisbon 9
53 W. Sherman 8
62 Sherman 5
144 Patch Grove
148 PRAIRIEDUCHIEN
Ottawa 21
La Salle 15
1 Prairie River 5
113 Bronson's Prairie. 5
130 Batavia 4
}?I (588) FR'M GALENA TO
[jjj DUBUQUE.
Ibb By Stage & Ferryl I 16
Ilennepin 15
Chillicothe 14
144lBranch 4
ROUTES IN WISCONSIN AND IOWA.
219
(589) FR'M GALEN
ROCK ISLAND
To Hanover
Savannah
A TO
1 15
14 29
16 45
10: 55
(593) F'M MILWAU
TO CHICAGO.
To Oak Creek....]
KEE
10
a 25
1 36
7 43
(598) F'M MADISON
GALENA.
To Beaumont
TO
25
35
44
52
64
71
83
Fulton
^ ji * V -,
Dodgevilie
Albany
Salona
Mineral Point.... 8
Port Byron
Hampton
6
10
M
16
li
12
9
8
95
LA
11
12
E
HI
94
ND
42
76
103
115
124
139
234
ND
33
44
K
3tsego, 111
Little Fort
7 50
3 53
7 60
4 64
7 71
5 76
4 80
2 92
I OF
TO
45
8 63
7 70
5 85
0115
0145
9154
3167
2179
3197
Belmont !12
Klk Grove I 7
Hazel Green 12
GALENA 9
ROCK ISLAND
(590) F'M ROCK Is
TO ST. Louis
To Monmouth ...
jibertyville
Halfdu y
(599) F'M DUBUQUE TO
DAVENPORT.
To Andrew I 128
vv heeling
3utchman's Point
CHICAGO, 111 1
(594) FROM MOUTI
ILLINOIS RIVER
LASALLE.
Steamboat.
To Montezuma...
Naples 1
Doddsville
Rushville
Beardstown
Bath
De Witt 28
DAVENPORT 118
(600) F'M DAVENPO
TO IOWA CITY.
To Rockingham..
Montpelier 12
RT
if
22
29
40
RT
29
40
43
52
59
83
31
40
43
85
'ON
11
22
84
45
51
61
76
82
91
109
122
Arcadia
Jacksonville
ST. Loui
(see No. 573) ...
(591) F'M ROCK Is
TO CHICAGO.
To Crandall's Fer-
VlEREDOSIA
Beardstown j]
Havanna 3
Wyoming . 5
Bloomington 7
Overman's Ferry. 11
W. Liberty . . 8
IOWA CITY 12
Pekin 3
PEORIA
Rome ... ]
Lyndon
Rock River Rap-
Hennepin 1
LA SALLE 1
(601) F'M DAVENPO
TO BURLINGTON.
To Bloomington..
Sterling
(595) F'M MILWAUKEE
Dixon ...
Inlet..
14
II
17
h
3
7
6
S
1
4
18
1,1
6
!
11
U
13
(
l:
rj
lL
115
121
124
131
137
14',
152
156
174
LND
S3
94
110
{.;:
127
131
143
155
167
TO ROCK is LAN
To Greenfield....!
New Berlin
Vernon
ft.
4 10
6 16
51 21
2 33
8 41
2 53
2 65
2 77
4 81
4 85
3 98
6114
1125
9134
6140
8208
;KEE
15
5 30
>0 50
9 59
fl, W)
Pawpaw Grove ..
Somonauk
Wappello 9
Florence 7
Little Rock
Yellow Springs... 9
BURLINGTON 15
(602) F'M BURLINGI
TO IOWA CITY.
To Yellow Springs'
Florence 9
Wnppello 7
Sugar Grove
Mukwanago
Troy 1
Napierville
Sugar Creek
Downer's Grove..
Brush Hill
CHICAGO
Janesville 1
Beloit ]
Pecatomca
(592) F'M ROCK Is
TO MlLWAUKK
To Dixon
(see No. 591)...
Grand Detour ....
Oregon City
Byron
Roscoe
Rockibrd 1
Byron ]
Oregon City 1
Grand Detour
Grand view 9
Muscatine 3
Bloomington 11
W. Liberty 19
IOWA CITY i!2
ROCK ISLAND (
(596) F'M MILWAI
TO MADISON.
To Prairie Village
Summit ;
(603) F'M BURLING-]
TO ST. Louis.
To Augusta
FORT MADISON . . 11
Montrose 12
St. Francisville,
Mo 11
Rorkfnrd
p ' j.
Janesville
Johnstown
Sugar Creek
Cottage Grove ...
Waterloo. . . ' 6
Winchester 10
Mukwanago
Vernon
12187
5192
6198
4 ! 202
6208
(597) F'M MADISON TO
FORT WINNEBAGO,
By Stage.... ,...1 40
Montice.lo 15
Davis's Prairie ... t
La Grange 9
PALMYRA 18
New Berlin
Greenfield
MILWAUKEE
Hannibal ...13
220
ROUTES IN MISSOURI.
NEW LONDON... 110 132
Frankfort ! 8 140
BOWLING GREEN 14 154
Auburn 20174
Troy 12186
Flint Hill 110196
St. Peter's ;14210
ST. CHARLES
Owen's (Station...
Walton ham
ST. Louis
(604) F'M BURLINGTON
TO PEORIA.
ToOquawka
Monmouth
Cold Brook
Galesbu
alesburg
noxC. H
French Creek
Charleston
Robin's Nest
(605) F'M BURLINGTON
TO Q-UINCY.
To Augusta
Fort Madison
Appanoos, 111. ...
Nauvoo
l)es Moines
Warsaw,
Green Plains
Lima
Ursa
Q.UINCY ..
. 10
(606) FROM ST. Louis
TO CHICAGO,
Via Springfield, III.,
and Peoria.
To Edwardsville .
Paddock's Grove.
Lincoln
Carlinville
Auburn
pringrield
(607) FROM ST. Louis
TO GALENA,
Via Spring f d, Peoria,
$ Dixonsville.
To Springfield I
(see No. 606) ...
GALENA
(see No. 564)... 23C
(608) FROM ST. Louis
TO BURLINGTON, 10.
Via Jacksonville, III.
To Alton I 24
Delhi |13 37
Jersey ville
Kane
Currollton
Whitehall
Manchester
Williamsburg
Jacksonville
BURLINGTON
(see No. 567)...]
9) FROM ST. Louis
TO IOWA CITY.
To Walton ham . .
Owen's Station ..
ST. CHARLES
St. Peter's ! 81 '6
Flint Hill 14 42
Troy 10! 52
Auburn 12| 64
Bowling Green... 201 84
Frankfort 14! 98
New London ! 8 106
Hannibal 10.116
PALMYRA 13129
La Grange 18147
Davis's Prairie . . . i 9 156
Monticello I 6162
Winchester 15177
Waterloo 10:187
St. Francisville...! 6193
Montrose ll;204
FORT MADISON . . 12;216
Augusta 11227
BURLINGTON 11 238
IOWA CITY |
(see No. 602)... ,85 323
(610) FROM ST. Louis
TO FT. LEAVENW'TH,
Via St.Cliarles, Fulton,
" Chariton.
To VValtonham . .
Owen's Station...
St. Charles
Stockland
Pond Fort". '. '. '. '. ". '. ". ' 3
Hickory Grove ...)13
Warrenton 10 uu
High Hill 9 67
rJl..;ii !i7 g4
Williamsburg
Jones's Tanya rd..
(612) FROM ST. Louis
TO INDEPENDENCE.
To Manchester . . .
Richmond
Elkhorn
Fredericksburg...
5263
Liberty 13276
Parry ! 10 286
lutt City 13299
FORT LEAVEN- I
WORTH I 8307
(611) FROM ST. Louis
TO JEFFERSON CITY.
To Fulton
(see No. 610) . . .
New Bloomfield...
Hibernia
JEFFERSON CITY.
22131
10 141
1142
Fox Creek
J oint Labadie
Gasconade
Lucy's Creek
Lisle,
.
JEFFERSON CITY.
_ ........
Clark's Fork .....
BOONVILLE ......
La Mine
ARROW ROCK ..
34
43
55
92
14I106
12118
10128
15143
5148
15163
10173
10183
12 195
15210
16226
48
10 94
7101
81109
FULTON >->:*"
Millersburg 12121
Columbia 12133
Decatnr 18151
Fayette ! 9160
Glasgow 12172
Chariton | 2174
Keytesville 15|189
Brunswick 11200
Pleasant Park.... 9209
Manlins 6215
Carroll ton I 7222
Round Grove 1 13 235
Grand Pass
Mt. Hope 8&J4
Dover ! 7241
LEXINGTON 11 252
Wellington 12264
Fort Osage 16280
INDEPENDENCE .. 12292
(613) FROM ST. Louis
TO FT. SMITH, Ark.
Via Caledonia and
Springfield.
To Carondolet
Jefferson Barracks
Knott', Sulphur
Springs
Clifton
Hillsboro'
Glenfinlas ,
Old Mines... 9 60
Potosi 7 67
CALEDONIA 12 79
Harmony 15 94
Osnge 15109
Steel ville 12121
MaramecC. H. ..12133
Little Pruirie...
Little Piney
I 6
511
111 22
4 26
5' 41
10 51
10143
20163
e ney ......
Pine Bluff ........ i S171
Waynesville ...... 112183
.Belleibnte ........ 11'194
ROUTES IN MISSOURI.
221
Oakland
Cave Spring
Woodbury
Pleasant Prairie . .
-Walnut Forest...
SPRINGFIELD
Cane Creek ......
Cussville
Bentonville. Ark.
Fnyetteville
Sweet Home
Cane Hill
Evansville
Van Buren
FORT SMITH
13207
8215
10225
!J:i.J7
13250
8258
221361
10371
ti 377
10387
30417
5422
(614) F'M ST. Louis TO
LITTLE ROCK, Ark.
Via, Caledonia, Freder-
icl&town, and Hicks'
Ferry, Ark.
To Caledonia I I
(see. No. 613) ..
Farmington
Mine La Motte..
Fredericktown
79
22 ! 101
4I105
Greenville 351144
Cane Creek 23167
Hick's Ferry, Ark 27194
Fourche Du Mas. 14208
Jackson 16224
Smithville 15239
Reed's Creek 15'254
Batesville 20274
Searcy C. H 40i314
LITTLE ROCK ... 501364
(615) F'M ST. Louis TO
NEW MADRID.
To Fredericktown
(see No. 614) ...
Jack:
1109
38147
10183
Cape Girardeau..
Spring Hill
Benton
Pleasant Plains...
Ogden ! 8191
NEW MADRID. ... 23 214
(616) F'M ST. Louis TO
LOUISVILLE, Ky.
Via Vincennes.
To Belleville, 111..
Rock Spring
Lebanon
Aviston
Shoal Creek
Carlisle
SALEM
Cato
Maysville
Olney
Lawrenceville
VINCENNES, la...
ir, i,
9170
Berryyille
Washington
Mt. Pleasant
Columbiaville
Paoli
Hardinsburg
Fredencksburg. . .
Palmyra
Greenville
New Albany
LOUISVILLE
(617) F'M ST. Louis TO
INDIANAPOLIS,
Via Vandalia, lit., #
Terre Haute, la.
ToCollinsville...
...
Hickory Grove...
Greenville
Mulberry Grove..
VANDALIA
Cumberland
Howard's Point ..
Freemanton
Ewington
Woodbury
! 16
9 50
Pawnee Fork ....
Coon Creek
Caches
Ford of Arkansas.
Sand Creek
Cimarron River ..
36664
20!684
50:734
8742
36 778
26804
18822
5827
Middle Spring
Willow Bar
Upper Spring....
Cold Spring
McNee's Creek. . . .
Rabbk.ear Creek. 20 872
Round Mound ... 8880
Rock Creek 8888
Point of Rocks ... 19 907
Lio Colorado
"'cate
Santa Clara
Spring
_ ,__io Mori.
8 58 1 1 Rio Gall in as
9 67! Ojo de Bernal
21954
22976
6 73
7 80
9 89|
o M
18112
Greenup ..I 7119
Casey 10129
Martinsville
Marshall
TERRE HAUTE ..
Van Buren
Harmony
Manhattan
Putnamsville
Mt. Meridian
6135
12147
4151
131164
12176
?;i83
8191
4 ]'.;
6201
8217
Stilesville
Belleville,
Plainfield
Bridgeport
INDIANAPOLIS . . . . ' 9i237
Spring.
San Miguel
Pecos Village ...
SANTA FE
171013
.1019
231042
251067
(619) F'M ST. Louis TO
ASTORIA, OREGON.
Steamboat.
To Knnsas L'd'g,! f
(m. of KansnsR.)
(see page 227;... J 1381
Emigrant Route.
Kansas River i I
nng 751 456
fi'ono Crowing to\ too
IfK Platte River., ..220' 626
Forks of Platte
!5SKi| River 115 791
8*3 Chimney Rock! 155 946
(618) F'M ST. Louis TO
SANTA FE.
Stage.
To INDEPEND'CE,
(see No. 612) . . .
Caravan Route.
Westport
Round Grove
Narrows
110 Mile Creek ...
Jig John r Spring! ! '40 440 ' ! Forffi* nis'g! '.'...'.
23327
Scott's Bluff....
Fort Larimie...
RedButtes
Rock Independ-
ence
SOUTH PASS...
Green River
Beer Springs...
Fort Hall
American Falls.
Le<
snmg Jb
wis R.
mg .
Cross-
Council Gr
.... .
2442 Burnt River....
.... ....
Diamond Spring ,'la457 Grande Ronde..
Lost Spring ...... 15j472i Ft. Wallawnlla.
Cotton wood Cr'k. 12484; [Jmatillah Riv..
Turkey Creek.... |25 o09j John Day's R..
Little Arkansas ..17
Co w Creek 20 546 1 i Dalles
Arkansas River .. 16
526 Falls River
562|iCascai
Walnut Creek.... 8570] Fort Va..,
Ash Creek 19 58911 ASTORIA
.des 45237
Vancouver 55243
RIA 1001253
601028
501233
10 1343
70 1413
1901603
501653
22 1675
1251800
401840
130 1970
702040
68 2108
902198
252223
702294
202333
452378
552433
STEAMBOAT ROUTES
ON
THE OHIO AND MISSISSIPPI RIVERS.
(ROUTE 620)
NAMES OF PLACES.
P
K
c s
PH
Q
12
18
10
16
3
5
21
8
9
1
12
lo
22
8
17
17
Pittsburg, Penn.
o
6
=._'
it
c
B
'C
liw
481
4/1
461
44.)
4-42
43,
416
40! l
40]
m
3'.tl
37
364
943
334
31 /
3(;0
g
W
V>
J
633
Iiii8
598
:>^
u79
5 -?
^'1;
5^
i>16
501
479
4T1
4,)4
437
From
Mth. of Ohio Riv.
From
Memphis, Tenn.
J
From
New Orleans.
From
Mth. Mississippi R.
o
^
PITTSBTJRG Pa .
10041246 17432044 2149 L176
9921234 1731 2032 213/ v 1164
9/91221 1718^0192(24 1151
969 1211 1708 2009 2114] 1141
953'1195 1692 1993 2098 1125
950 1192 1689 1990 2095 1 1122
9451 18 / 1684198520901117
9241166166319642069 1096
917115916561957 2062 1089
9091151 Ib48 1949 2054 1081
9001142 1639 1940 2045 10/2
899ll^li6381939.2044'107i
88 Ml 29 1626 1927 2032 1059
8/2 1114 16J1 1912 2017 1044
850 1092158.J 1890 1995 1022
842 IIW41581 1882 1987 1014
825 1067 1564 1865 1970 997
808 10^)U547J1848 1953 980
tiddletown, "
oiiomy, '* ..
ijiver "
Georgetown, "
Ijiverpool Ohio
Wellsville, "
Steubenville " .
Wellsville, Va
Warren, O
WHEELING, Va
Bridgeport O ...
Klizubethtowi) Va
Lanesville, "
Sistersville " ...
Grand View, Ohio
Newport, '*
MARIETTA, "
Muskingum River
Vienna Va .
6
7
BOB
908
2M4
287
431
424
8021044
795 1037
1541
1534
1842 1947
1835 1940
974
967
Little Kanawha River
Blannerhassett's Island. . . ,
2
10
5
38
15
17
21!
221
22i
264
27!
296
BBS
2-5
270
Si:i'J
217
200
422
412
407
33!
354
1387
793 1035
783 1025
7781020
740 982
7251 967
708 950
153218331938
1522 1823 1928
15171818 1923
147917801885
1464 1765 1870
1447 1748 1853
965
955
950
912
897
880
Troy, O ..
Belleville, Va
Jjetart's Rapids*
Pomeroy, O
Point Pleasant, Va
Oreat Kanawha River
GALLIPOLIS, Ohio...
4
6
9
22
8
3
14
300
30b
315
337
196
190
181
159
333
327
318
29b
704 946
698 940
689 931
667 909
144317441849
1437 1738 1843
142*1729 1834
1406 1707 1812
876
870
861
839
Newcastle, '*
GUYANDOTTE, Va
f rnyandotte River
Burlington, O
34o| 151
288
659 901
1398
1699
1804
831
JSig Sandy River, Va. & Ky.
Catletsburg, Ky
349 147
363 133
284
271
655 897
6411 883
1394
L38J
1H95
J681
1800
1786
827
813
Hanging Rock, O
STEAMBOAT ROUTES OHIO RIVER.
223
NAMES OF PLACES.
So;
&'*
1
PH
From
Pittsburg, Penn.
From
Cincinnati, Ohio.
l= r
&H'>
1
From
Mth. of Ohio Riv.
From
Memphis, Tenn.
From
Natchez, Miss.
From
New Orleans.
From
Mth. Mississippi R.|
g l
1
r i.
Green upsburg, Ky
.1
22
16
6
8
12
369
127
264
635
877
13741675
1780
807
785
769
765
759
^
735
lAttle Sandy River
PORTSMOUTH, O
391
105
242
613
855
1352
1653
1758
Scioto River
Rockville O
407
411
417
421
42
441
89
85
79
75
67
55
22. ;
222
2it;
212
904
W
597
593
587
583
575
839
833
829
825
817
805
1336 1637 1742
1332 1633 1738
1326 1627 1732
1322 1623 1728
131416151720
13021603 1708
Vaneeburg, Ky. ..
Rome O
Snncord, Ky
anchester O
MAYSVILLE, Ky
Aberdeen, (opposite,) O
Ripley, O
8
8
449
45f
47
41
184
V ( >
555 797
549 791
546 788
538 780
534 776
527 769
518 760
513 755
510 752
508 750
1294 1595 1700
1288 1589 1694
1285 1586 1691
1277 15781683
1273 1574 1679
1266156716:2
125715581663
1252 1553 1658
1249 1550 1655
1247 1548 1653
727
721
718
710
706
699
690
H80
Higginsport, (_)
Augusta, Ky
Neville, Ohio
8
9
|
4tjl
47<
491
4! '4
491
2b
19
10
5
2
167
163
i5
147
142
W
137
Moscow, "
New Richmond, " ...
Columbia, Ohio..
Fulton, "
CINCINNATI, "
Covington, (opposite,) Ky. ...
North Bend, O ...
16
7
4
9
13
9
1
9
6
15
512
519
523
545
554
;;.
5H4
570
585
16
8
36
49
68
74
89
121
114
110
101
88
79
?!
63
I
193
483
489
472
459
4^0
449
440
m
419
W,
m
701
692
691
682
676
661
il231
1220
1211
1198
1189
1188
H79
1173
1158
15321637
1525 lb'30
1521 1626
15121617
1499 1604
1490 1595
14^9 1594
14801585
1474 157 4 9
14591564
1?
653
644
631
622
621
612
606
591
Lawrenceburg, la
Aurora, " ...
Rising Sun, "
Patriot, "
WarsH w, Ky
New York, la. ....
Vevay, "
(ihent, (opposite,) Ky
Carrollton, "
Muuth of Kentucky River . . .
MADISON, [a
Milton, (opposite,) Ky
New .London, la. .
9
8
7
7
9
7
J
1
594
602
808
61K
6%
632
683
685
686
98
106
113
120
129
i:->;
135
186
140
39
3J
24
17
8
1
2
3
410
402
395
388
378
372
371
369
368
652
644
637
630
621
p4
(ilb
611
610
1149
1141
112.
Hlg
1111
1110
1108
1107
1450
1442
143;
1428
141! J
1412
1111
1409
1408
1555
1524
1617
1516
1514
1513
582
574
567
560
551
544
543
541
540
JRethlehem, " .
Westport, Ky
Charleston, la
Ulica, " .
Jeffersonville, " .
LOUISVILLE, Ky
Shippingsport, " ..
Portland,
NEW ALBANY, (opposite,) la.
Salt River, Ky
20
17
17
a
??
18
656
160
23
348
590
1087
1388
1493 520
West Point, "
Brandenburg, " ..
673
671
691
694
7 K (<
747
177
178
lit:,
198
2.;:-!
251
40
41
58
61
96
114
331
330
313
310
275
257
573
578
i
w
4.99
1070
1069
1033
1049
1014
1371
1353
1315
1297
1476 503
1475 502
1458 485
1455 482
1420 447
1402 429
Mauksport, la
I je ven worth, "
Fredonia, "
Rome, '*
Stevensport, Ky ..
Cloverport, "
224 ROUTES ON THE OHIO & MISSISSIPPI RIVERS.
NAMES OF PLACES.
Distance from
Place to Place.
From
Pittsburg, Penn.
c
\
11
z
2
;I
"^'F
1
>
3
c
l!
^^
5
From
Memphis, Tenn.
Z
^
tz
I
1
si
:~
o
I
From
Mth. Mississippi R.
S,I/^ m Mo. 1
Hnwesville Kv
9
3
16
g
*l
10
25
14
M
75!
775
784
813
81!
82!
8&
2.;o
263
279
2SS
315
323
335
35S
'-,->
;j;h
88^
;;x^
40!
4!7
4l>!
447
123
12*)
142
151
178
186
U*i
221
235
241
247
2ul
2;2
280
21 '2
310
24
24:
22!
221
1!I3
IS,
17,:
l',(
131
ia
124
120
EK
91
79
6]
4HO
187
47]
4t;2
435
427
417
392
378
372
366
362
341
333
321
BOB
987112881393
984 1285 1390
968 1-26911374
95912601365
932123311338
924 122511330
914 1215il320
88911901295
875 1176 1281
869 1170 1275
863 1164 1269
859:11601265
838,11391244
83011311236
8181119 1224
800 1101 1206
420
417
401
392
365
357
347
322
296
292
271
263
251
233
Troy, la
Rockport " . . ...
Green River
KVANSVILLE Ift
Henderson ville, Ky
Mt Vernoh la
Carthage, Ky
HiS
W abash. River
Raleigh, Ky
6
4
21
8
12
18
!?
881
8ft
90i
Bi;
B2
IM:
SHAWNEETOVVN III
Cave-in Rock " . .
.Klizabethtown, **
CJolconda " ..
Cumberland River, Ky
SMITHLAND, '
Tennessee River
<b
4(2
325
4t
2S8
785
1086
1191
218
Fort Massuc, III
32
10
5
18
15
42
10
20
39
A
12
10
10
33
34
10
1(5
21
10
14
10
10
20
46
1
5
34
12
10
it;
BBC
MX*
1004
]00:
1025
!(;;>/
107!
108!
HO!
1138
114*
[158
1168
U7
117!'
I24i
1247
1294
L304
1318
4U4
501
^
61c
59!
541
58
59!
(!1H
64J
65<
B6S
(J7L
tig
681
711
B
7
80f
Sv L
357
367
371
37: ;
liS:)
404
446
456
47t;
505
513
525
535
545
54H
579
618
;M
ti24
H40
661
671
t;s5
1
(
i
ffi
75
85
105
134
112
154
164
174
175
3
242
253
26G
39C
80(
314
25(i
246
242
2;i7
224
2l)i)
Jt;7
157
137
108
100
ss
78
<;8
67
34
1
11
27
48
58
72
753
74:;
739
7::4
721
706
ti,.4
654
634
605
597
585
575
565
564
53]
497
498
486
47(1
449
439
425
1054
1044
1040
1035
\m
965
955
935
906
898
686
876
866
86-5
839
7!H
797
787
771
750
740
726
1159
114;
11 4- T
1141
1127
1112
I07(
too
I04<
1011
1003
9!U
963
971
971
937
903
m
893
876
8.55
845
831
186
176
172
177
ISO
205
247
257
277
306
314
326
336
346
347
380
414
415
425
441
462
472
486
496
506
526
572
573
578
592
604
614
630
Trinity, ' "
CAIRO, (at Mouth of Ohio R.)
Norfolk, Mo
COLUMBUS Ky .. ....
Hickman, "
NEW MADRID Mo
Riddle's Point "
Little Prairie, "
Obion River, Tenn
Ashport, "
Osceola, Ark .
JJatchie River
Randolph Tenn
Greenock, Ark
MEMPHIS, Tenn
Fort Pickering, "
Norfolk, Miss
Walnut Be'nd, "
Peyton, "
f\. Francis River
erling, Ark
ELENA ** .
iaae
1388
1358
1404
1405
1410
142)
832
84S
8t5
90
;*u:
H14
928
6H5
706
725
771
772
777
791
324
334
35/1
40C
401
406
420
82
92
112
158
159
164
178
415
405
885
339
338
333
319
716
701 ;
686
640
839
634
620
821
81)
791
745
744
7:;:<
725
Delta, Miss....
Old Town Ark
Victoria, Miss
Montgomery's Point, Miss. ...
White River Ark
NAPOLEON, Ark
Bolivar Miss
1436
144(i
1462
R40
95(
96)
803
813
829
432 190' 307
442 200 297
458' 216 281
608
598
582
713
703
Cypress Bend, Miss ... .
Yellow Bend, "
ROUTES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 225
NAMES OF PLACES.
II
5
20
5
12
3
29
15
26
20
12
10
9
36
1
10
10
31
J
.2
5
n
i
5
_o
I/
3 ^
A
rom
lississippi R.
d
662
682
687
699
702
731
2$
31
814
823
859
860
870
880
911
1489
194
[514
1519
534
m
16-24
[646
[692
L702
1712
1743
'5
6
998
1018
K>>
L082
1108
1140
H50
1196
1216
1247
1
8.56
m
881
901
930
945
971
991
1013
I05g
1056
1110
48-5
490
510
515
530
574
600
620
632
642
651
687
698
708
739
E
213
272
286
288
317
332
35S
378
39J
t'l
4-56
466
497
1
2,34
249
22!
224
212
209
180
165
107
97
88
52
51
11
i
555
550
530
525
513
510
481
466
440
420
408
398
389
33^
301
"wio
655
630
618
615
586
571
525
513
494
458
457
447
437
406
Columbia Ark
Egg's Point Miss
Grand Lake Landing, Ark....
.Princeton Miss
T" kin's'Rpnd "
Milligan's Bend, "
"VirKSBURG, "
\Viirrenton " ....
Big Black River t Miss
GRAND GULF, '
Bruinsburg, '
Rodney, '
J\ T ATCHEZ, '
Vidalia, (opposite,) La
JJunwcfiitto River, Miss
P'ort Adams, ' ....
Red River, La
44
10
11
3
27
1787 1291 1154
[797 11301 1164
[808 1312 1175
1841H3451208
1868 1372 1235
783
793
804
837
864
541
551
562
595
622
44
54
65
98
125
2o7
247
231
362
359
341
281
955
965
976
1009
1036
Tunica Bend Miss
&T. FRANCISVILLE, La
Point Coupee, (opposite)
Port Hudson
11
8
17
8
10
12
12
12
24
16
20
2
4
13
10
1879
isHT
1910
1927
1937
1978
3002
2018
.:<)>
3048
214!
10*
1883
1391
1408
1414
144]
U : >3
1465
148L
15IH
1525
1542
1,54*
154P
1552
1641
1653
1246
127]
1281
1311
u&
138!
140;
140P
1411
14K
1428
1484
150e
151t
R06
915
923
933
945
957
958
970
974
998
1014
L034
103?
1040
[04
1057
1113
ii;:r
1145
633
641
g
675
681
691
715
71 (j
7g
732
756
772
792
A 9 -
SOL
815
m
136
144
161
167
17b
184
I*
20t
218
81!
$1
25i
29J
29(
301
30T
31
37-J
^
16f
157
141
12=
1
83
82
70
6(
42
2<
b
2
(
K
73
95
105
270
2i>2
245
22*
21:.'
201
ISO
187
175
,171
147
131
111
107
105
101
8S
32
1C
(
1047
1055
1072
1078
1087
1095
1105
1117
1129
1130
11142
1146
11170
1186
1206
1210
1212
1216
1229
1285
1307
1317
Thomas' Point
BATON ROUGE
Bruly Landing
luerville Bayou .. ....
PlaQuemirie
St Gabriel Church
Louisiana Institute
Buyou Lafourche .
1)ONALDSONVILLE
Convent du Sacrament
Jettersori College . .
Bonnet Quarre Church
Red Church
Carroilton .
Lu Fayette
.NEW ORLEANS ... .
Battle Ground
Fort St. Leon
Fort St. Philip
Southeast Puss
BALIZE
226
ROUTES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.
(ROUTE 621)
NAMES OF PLACES.
Distance
From Place to Place.
From
^ : fe& 1 The Gulf of Mexico.
From
New Orleans.
From
Natchez, Miss.
Jfrom
Memphis, Tenn.
rrorn
The Mth. of Ohio Riv.
-t c
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1944 1643 1146
1937 1636 1139
1871 1570 1073
904
899
831
732 510
725 503
659 437
24^
241
175
i
73
FORT SNKLLING
St Peter's River
Lake Pepin
PRAIRIK DU CHIKN
175
4
21
8
17
7
19
&
2
7
1801 1696 1395
1797 1692 1391
1772 1667 1366
1751 i 1646 1345
1743 1638 1337
1726 1621 1320
1719 1614 1313
1700 1595 1294
1698 1593 1292
1683 1578 1277
168115761275
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434
426
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142
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103
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120
127
248
252
277
298
306
323
330
349
351
366
368
375
427
428
Cassville. Wis. ..
Peru "
Fever River, 111
Savannah, 111
Charleston " . .
New York, "
Albany, tc
ROCK ISLAND
Rock Island City .
52
1622
1621
1517 1216
1516,1215
719
7j8
477
476
305
304
83
8
179
180
ock River, III
nvenport, (opposite,) Iowa.,
loomington, " ....
New Boston, 111
27
23
19
13
SB
9
1594 1489 1188
157 1 '1466 1165
155214471146
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is
455
478
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541
Oquawka, *' ..
Montrose, **
Keokuk, Iowa
12
1496
1391 1090
593
B51
179
43
305
553
Des Moines River
Warsaw, III ..
34
13
90
11
15
41
2
19
2
1
19
2
25
1495
145*
141
I 12:
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13K
128!
128
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1387 108b
13531052
13401039
1320 1019
13091008
I1294 1 993
1253; 952
1251J 950
1232! 931
1230 929
1212, 911
12031 902
1184| 883
1182i 881
1178! 877
1153| 852
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511
491
455
453
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356 604
376 ! 624
3871 635
402 650
443 691
445 693
464 712
466 714
484 732
493 741
512 760
514 762
518 766
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Hannibal, Mo
Clarksville', "
ia
H(
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202
20
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231
251
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281
Hamburg III .
Oration, 111
ALTON "'
ST Louis, Mo ... . ...
Harrisonville, HI. .'
Herculaneum Mo . ...
Selma "
St. Genevieve, "
Kashas Ida River, III
16
45
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1242 11371 836
11971092 791
11851080; 779
11731068 767
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559i 807
604J 852
616 864
628 876
! 656| 904
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Cape Ginirdeau " .
Commerce, "
CAIRO, (at Mouth of Ohio R.)
DISTANCES ON TEE MISSOURI RIVER,
FROM Bancroft Libxuj
COUNCIL BLUFFS TO THE GULF OF MEXICO
(ROUTE 62-2)
NAMES OF PLACES.
COUNCIL BLUFFS
IJellview Trading-house
Ptatte River
Five-barrel Island
Upper Oven Island
Lower Oven Island
Fair Sun Island
Little JVemakaw River
JVisftnebotna River
Grand Nema/iaw River
Wolf River
Mouth of Nodaway River
St. Joseph
Weston
FORT LEVEN WORTH
Little Platte River
Kansas River Landing
INDEPENDENCE, Mo
Liberty Landing
Sibley
Camden
LEXINGTON.....
Or and River
Chariton
BOONVILLE
Franklin, (opposite)
Ryckoort
Ml. V ernon
Marion
JEFFERSON CITY
Osage River
Pinckney
Griswold, (opposite)
Newport
ST. CHARLES
Mouth of Missouri River . . .
02002189715961099
40 1962 1857 1556 1059
52 19501845 1544 1047
t!7 11*35 183015291 1032
79 1923 1818 J 5 17! 1020
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.
832 590
122188017751474
134186817631462
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177 l*2o 1720 1419
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i It;:j(ii329
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:.'i M 1 70s u;o:j 13021 805
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477 1 -,25 14201119 622
857 685111751671
817 645111351631
805 633:11231619
790! 618 1108 1604
778J 6061096' 1592
774 ! 602 1092 1588
751 57910691565
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892 050
418
583 411
563J 391
553 381
541 369
538 366
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480 308 798; 1294
430 258 7481244
410 238 728 1224
380 208 6981194
500 258
452
432i 190
198 6881184
1881 678 ! 1174
155
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6451141
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86 5761072
38 5281024
181 50&1004
CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES.
MAINE.
CUMBERLAND AND OXFORD
CANAL.
From Portland I
ToSebugoPond __.
Long Pond [9|I80
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
BOW CANAL.
Around Bow Falls, Merri-
mac River 3-4 m. 1.
CANAL ar'd Hookset Fulls.. 1-8 "
" Amoskeag " ..1
" Union " .. 9 tc
" Seawell's " ..1-4 "
VERMONT.
BELLOWS FALLS CANAL 1-2 m. 1.
There are two others, designed to
overcome obstructions in the Con-
necticut River.
MASSACHUSETTS.
MIDDLESEX CANAL.
Boston to Lowell 27 m. 1.
HAMPSHIRE & HAMPDEN CANAL.
Connecticut Line to North-
ampton 22 m. 1.
BLACKSTONE CANAL.
Providence to Worcester 45 m. 1.
MONTAGUE CANAL.
Around Falls in Connecticut
River 3 m. 1.
SOUTH HADLEY CANAL.
Around Falls nt S. Hadley,
Connecticut River 2 m. 1.
RHODE ISLAND.
BLACKSTONE CANAL.
Providence to Worcester 45 m. 1.
CONNECTICUT.
FARMINGTON CANAL.
From New Hnven to the n'th
line of the Stute 56 m. 1.
See Hampshire and Hampderi Ca-
nal, Mass.
ENFIELD CANAL.
Connecticut River 5i m. 1.
NEW YORK.
ERIE CANAL.
From ALBANY
ToPortSchuyler ...
West Troy 1
Junction Champlain Canal. 2
Cohnes 1
Lower Aqueduct,
Willow Springs..
Upper Aqueduct.
SCHENECTADY 4
Rotterdam 9
Philip's Locks '
Amsterdam
Schoharie Creek
fmithtown
ultonville
Big Nose
Spraker's Basin
CANAJOHARIE
Fort Plain
St. Johnsville
East Canada Creek
Indian Cnstle
LITTLE FALLS
Herkimer
Frankfort
U| 47 317
5 52 312
2| 54 310
57 307
64300
6K 298
3 69295
11 77287
4 81 283
2- 8:1 281
5 88 276
7! 9. 269
6101263
Whrtesb'oro"V.r."7.""".Tr.T.''l 4 114 250
Rome, (June. Black R. C.) 11 12 239
Wood Creek Aqueduct ... ,| 212 237
Hawley's Basin 2129235
3,132 232
4136228
5141223
5146218
4150214
3 153|211
5158206
1364
em
7357
91355
10354
13351
19 345
26338
30334
39325
44320
UTICA, (Jun. ChenangoC.),
\A7V\\tCHihnrn
liggins, (Junction Oneida
Luke Canal)
Oneida Creek
Canastota...
New Boston
Chittenango
Kirkville...
SYRACUSE, (June. Oswego
Canal)
Geddes
Camillus
Canton
Jordan
Weeds port
Port Byron
MONTEZUMA, (June. Ca-
yuga and Seneca Canal).
Clyde
Lock Berlin
LYONS
Lockville
Port Gibson
PALMYRA
9 171 193
2 173 191
6.179 185
5 184 180
6 190 174
6 196 168
3 199 165
6 205 159
11 216 148
5 221 143
4 225 139
6 231 ! 133
42351129
5240124
Wayneport ."."." ."."."." ,".".".".'.'.^1 72471117
. CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES*
229
Fafrport
Pittsford
ROCHESTER, (June. Gen-
esee Valley Canal)
Brockway's
Adams' Basin
BROCKPORT
Holley
Hulberton
ALBION
Eagle Harbor
Knowlesville
Medina
Middleport
Gosport
LoCKPORT
Pendleton ,
Tonawanda ,
BLACK ROCK ,
Buffalo ...
5252112!
[0269
10279
5284
5289
,'.J:M
-1 296
3i307
4811
4315
12 352
9361
3364
New Bridge
Phoenix ...
Fulton ....
Braddor.k's Rapid
OSWEQO
CHEJ1UNG CANAL.
From Seneca Lake
To Havana
b'OlMillport
FAIRPORT .
Elmira
Corning
7333 31 [ | ^AIRPORT .
7340 24i!
Feeder-, (Chemung Canal.)
12 i I Head of Feeder.
CHAMPLAIN CANAL.
From Albany
To WEST TROY.,
Junction
WATERFORD
Mechanicsville
Stillwater Village..
Fort Edward
Glenn's Falls Feeder
Comstock's Landing
WHITEHALL
CHENANGO CANAL.
From Utica
To Clinton
Deansville
Oriskany Falls
Boucksville
HAMILTON
Sherburne
North Norwich
Norwich
OXFORD
-Hayne's Mill
Green
Forks
Port Crane
BlNGH AMTON
CAYUGA AND SENECA CANAL.
From Montezuma
To Seneca River. . . .
Seneca Falls ,
Waterloo
GENEVA
Lateral Canal to E. Cayuga
Village.
OSWEGO CANAL.
From SYRACUSE
To SALINA. .
Liverpool I 31
Corning
CROOKED LAKE CANAL.
2! 2!
From Dresden
To Perm Yan ....
Crooked Lake .
GENESEE VALLEY CANAL.
From Rochester
To Scottsville
Suckett's Basin
MT. MORRIS
Shaker Settlement .
DANSVILLE
15! 37
4 41
11 52
DELAWARE AND HUDSON CANAL.
From Eddy ville I 0| 108
ToGreenkill 0, 1107
Horn beck's Bridge 1 2 106
Head of Pond ! 1 3105
Hardenburgh's Basin \u 4104
Rosedale 2 6102
Marble Quarries 2,' 8100
Mechanicsville 1 9
Hnsbrouk's Basin ! l| 10
Allegerville ; 3, 13
Stony kill Aqueduct 3 16
Port Jackson 1 ""
Middleport 4 __
Port Benjamin I 3, 24
Ellenville I 4|
Penny's Basin ! 4j
Brownvill
Tunnel H
Neversink Aqueduct ' 5
Port Jarvis '
Bolton .
Tucker's Aqueduct :.. 7
Craigsville 4
Barryville j 4
Delaware Dam i 4
Pennsylvania Section.
Mouth of Lackawaxen 1
Rowlnndville | 5
Blue Eddy , 1
Punch Camp ' 4
24
?6 12
230
CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES,
Jones' Rift
4|100| 8
1101 7
3104 4
411081
0102
10 92
[ifflintown
I 75
1 89
4HJ3
7132
7139
7146
J -h
1159
3172
1183
C
m
33
168
97
80
173
66
164
153
43
146
129
117
114
104
98
88
83
1
47
37
19
tin.
lar-
i in-
to
itu-
to
ling
, 80
thp
Beach Flat
Vaynesburg
Aughwick Falls
NEW JERSEY,
MORRIS CANAL.
From Jersey City-
Uintingdon
Vater Street
'mifkstown ^
H TTA VSRTTRii
8
17
85
77
Jllltghany <S* Portage RR.
Little Falls
6
30 72
6
6
I
42
48
66
60
54
HI
Montville
0208
6214
? 22 c
B237
i 27i
3278
228
29!
30i
r 312
n
atD
ve 1
orth
m
land
thet
on
rland
reac
ion.
iston
for
Boon ton, (Jersey Iron- w'ks)
Western Division.
Laurel Hill Gap
Dover lWa ^ * ' '
T\ kpsvillp
7
!
I
4
69
62
M
HI;
6.1
7:;
80
83
4::
40
38
36
83
22
fhesnut Hill
Feeder, (Hopatcong Lake).
Blairsville .
Saltzbur "
O1H A H ' rpr
Sa r n 's Falls' *
*H -kptt t iv n
All -\ n ' AmiPfiurt
A leisonfown* '
Freeoort
Port Golden
~
85
92
17
10
f
(
1
T C
5
2
2
3
11
fa
IP
. r j
LW
98
98 4
100 1
102
ANAL.
01 43
7 36
12 31
19 24
2l! 22
23' 20
26 17
! 37 6
43
feeder,
Prenton
are riv.
Susquehanna Divisic
)iverges from the main line
can s Island, 15 miles abo
risburg, and extends to ^
berland, 40 miles.
West Branch Divisii
Extends from Northumbe
Farrandsville, 75 miles, to
minous coal region.
North Branch Divisi
Extends from Northumbe
Lackawanna, 73 miles,
into the anthracite coal reg
Delaware Division
Extends from Bristol to E
f ' ' Pnnrl
Delaware River
DELAWARE AND RARITA3>
From NEW BRUNSWICK
Millstone...
Rocky Hill
This Canal has a navignb
23 miles long, extending fror
to Saxtonsviile, on the Dele
PENNSYLVANI
PENNSYLVANIA CAM
Central Division.
From Columbia
To Marietta
A.
^L
6
4
4
8
6
5
3
7
10
8
5
3
r
13
20
26
31
34
41
51
59
64
71
812
10
K)
29
29
29
28
28
21
21
26
25
24
24)1
Middletown
High Spire T
i?| A \i t in Pnn
T) bin
Duncan's Island
M illerstown
Mexico
transportation of coal.
The Beaver Division, Erie Exten*
sion, &rc.,
Continue the line of Canal from Pittg.
burg to Erie, a distance of 136 m.
SCHUYLKILL NAVIGATION COM-
PANY.
Canals and Locks, producing slack
ng s
Phil?
water navigation from Philadel-
phia to Port Carbon, 108 miles.
LEHIGH NAVIGATION COMPANY.
Like the Schuylkill Navigation Co.,
is used for a descending navigation,
from the Great Falls to Easton
distance, 84 miles.
CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES.
231
UNION CANAL
Extends from Reading to Middle,
town, on the Susquehanna river ;
distance, 82 miles.
SUSQUEHANNA CANAL
Extends from Wrightsville, opposite
Columbia, Susquehanna river, to
Havre de Grace, Aid. ; distance, 45
miles.
DELAWARE.
CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE
CANAL.
From Delaware City to Back Creek,
Md. ; distance, 14 miles.
MARYLAND.
CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO CANAL.
Completed from Georgetown, D. C.,
to Hancock, 136 miles. At the
south end it has been extended to
Alexandria, a distance of 7i miles.
VIRGINIA.
JAMES RIVER CANAL
Extends along the river from Rich-
mond to Lynchburg ; distance, 146
miles.
DISMAL SWAMP CANAL
Extends from Deep Creek to Joice's
Creek, a branch of Pascotank riv-
er, entering Albemarle sound, N.C.
23 miles long.
NORTH CAROLINA.
WELDON CANAL
Extends around the falls of the Roan-
oke, from Weldon to Blakely,
length, 12 miles.
CLUBFOOT AND HARLAW CANAL,
Near Beaufort U m. 1.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
SANTEE CANAL
Extends from Charleston to Santee
river, 22 miles.
WINYAW CANAL,
From Winyaw hay to a branch of
Santee river, 7 miles.
The navigation of the Catawba
river has been improved hy 5 short
canals, having an aggregate length of
Hi miles.
GEORGIA.
BRUNSWICK CANAL
Extends from Brunswick to the Ala-
tamaha river, 12 miles.
ALABAMA.
MUSCLE SHOALS CANAL
Is designed to overcome an obstruc-
tion in the Tennessee river length,
35f miles.*
HUNTSVILLE CANAL.
From Huntsville to Triania, on Ten
nessee river, length, 16 miles.
LOUISIANA.
BARATARIA CANAL.
[t extends from New Orleans to Bayou
Terre Bonne, 21 miles of canal,
and 'J5 of lake and stream naviga.
tion.
LAKE VERRET CANAL
Extends from La Fourche Bayou to
Lake Verret, 9 miles.
ORLEANS BANK CANAL
Extends from New Orleans to Lake
Pontchartrain, a distance of 6 miles.
KENTUCKY.
LOUISVILLE & PORTLAND CANAL.
[t is 2i miles long, and sufficiently
capacious for the passage of the
largest steamboats, which cannot
pass the Rapids, except in the sea-
sons of high floods.
Kentucky River Navigation*
Licking River Navigation, and
Green River Navigation,
Are improvements in the above riv-
ers, by means of locks and dams.
OHIO.
OHIO CANAL.
From Cleveland 01309
To Rathbun's Lock fl '
Mill Creek
Tinker's Creek 4
Mnery Feeder 4
Boston 4
"^eninsula 3
Niles 6
31d Portage 2
S T orth Akron 5
South Akron 1
yew Portage 6
Wolf Creek Lock 3
232
CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES.
Clinton
Fulton
Wellman's Mills
Massillon
Navarre and Bethlehem
Bolivar
Zoar
Jennings' Bridge
Dover
Lockport
Newcastle
Trenton
Gnadenhutten
Port Washington
Newcomerstown
Evansburg
Lewisville
Roscoe......
Adams Mill
Webbsport
Hartford's
Fra/ersburg
Nashport
Licking Dam
Lickingtown
Newark
Granville Feeder
Hebron
Licking Summit ,
Millersport
Baltimore
Havensport ,
Carroll ,
Lockville
Waterloo ,
Rayneysport
Lockbourne.
Holmes' Landing
Millport and Bloomfield....
Circleville
Westfall
Yellowbud
Deer Creek
Andersonville
Clinton Mills
Chillicothe
Tomlinson's
Stony Creek
Head of Big Bottom
Sharonville
Waverly
Trimble's Bridge
Jasper
Howard's Lock
Cutter's Station
Brush Creek
PORTSMOUTH
10 132 177
3J135 174
I0ll45 164
4! 149 160
3,152 157
3! 155 154
61161 148
5166143
4170139
6 176 133
51181128
41185.124
41189120
2191H8
5196113
tj 202 107
2204105
2 206 103
3209100
5214 95
7 221 88
3224; 85
4228 81
5 241 1 68
5246 63
4250 59
2252 57
4256 53
. , 51
6264 ! 45
3267) 42
2269 40
7276 33
4280 ""
3283
3286
5291
3234
7301
WALHONDING CANAL.
4
2
From Roscoe
To Crooked Run Bridge ..
Walhonding Dam
Warsa
Darling's Bridge
Butler's Lower C . . .
Butler's Upper Crossing. . . .
rossing .
Walhonding (town)
Cumrnings' Bridge
Mohican Dam
ROCHESTER
HOCKING CANAL.
From Carroll
To Lancaster .'.
Reams' Mills
Rush Creek
Green's Mill
Hocking Falls
Logan
Puttonsville
Seven-mile Run.
\elsonville. ,
Jonday Creek .
Chauncey
ATHENS
MIAMI CANAL.
From Cincinnati
To Lockland
Hamilton Side-cut
Middletown
Frankli
Miamisburg
Carrollton
Alexandria
DAYTON
In and out of Hamilton
Basin
6
_ 36
5 ! 41
3; 44
5: '-
7l 56
16 28
13 41
MIAMI CANAL EXTENSION.
From Dayton
To Tippecanoe ...
Troy
Piqua
Loramie's Feeder .
Lockport..
3 36 79
12 48 67
5 53' 62
3 56 59
3 V =*>
<5 ( -'o, 50
j T 1 48
131 do! 35
3511151
* See Wabash and Erie Canal, la.
WARREN COUNTY CANAL.
From Lebanon
To Whitehall's Mills
Newport .
Berlin
Minster
Bremen
St. Mary's Feeder..
St. Mary's
Deep Cut
JUNCTION*
0115
14101
21 94
9 30
" 33
Union Village Landing
Middletown.,
19,
SIDNEY FEEDER.
From Lockport I 0!
To Sidney
PORT JEFFERSON I 51
ST. MARY'S FEEDER.
From St. Mary's Feeder
To Enst Bank.
Montezuma
CELINA
CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES.
233
Windsor . ,
Luke's Chi
Lowell .
Devoll's
To Toledo,
Port Miami
Maumee C
Water ville
Otsego
Providence.
Damascus,
Napoleon
Florida .,
Jndepend*
DEFIANCI
Junction^
Reservoir,
. Antwerp
State Line
Indim
State Lint
Indiana C
Fair port.
Lewiston
FORT W.
Aboite
Huntington
INGTJM IMPROVEIV
esden
I's Creek
10
10
] ?
10
5
in
11
7
5
N
8
1
5
7
5
6
8
8
5
4
.M
11
Q
6
16
2ti
3H
43
38
ffi
68
79
86
91
VL.
4
12
13
1*
i
p
3;
-14
69
-)7
61
70
81
fc i
M
80
75
65
55
4H
;is
33
23
12
5
88
H4
76
75
70
68
^
62
44
86
31
27
18
4
La Gros
Wabash
Peru
ille and Duncan's
Lewisburg
LOOANSPORT
ind Eagleport
jllsville and Malta.
Lock port ...
Carrollton
DELPHI
hure.
ind Waterford ....
Americus
LAFAYETTE
::::::::::::
WHITEWATER CAN;
From Lawrenceburg
To Hardingsburg
IA and HARMAR . .
INDIANA.
VSH AND ERIE C/
inhattan, Ohio
lo
Elizabethtown .
Harrison
New Trenton
BROOKVILLK
Laurel City
Conners ville.
City
] e .
CAMBRIDGE
ILLINOIS.
ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN
From CHICAGO
ce.
is
i
Summit
E
Des Plaines
r. . . .... ....
Lockport . ....
ne . .
4
2
3
12
12
16
88
I
20
1
]
140
138
135
123
111
95
Dti page River. ..
ina Division,
fte
Dresden
Morrisiana
City la ...
Clarkson
MH rseilles
Ottawa. . .
.
AYNE
JJtica
ton ...
Peru...,
9 57
5J ._
6i 68
15 83
91
onoo
4 96
12j 88
22 [ 78
27! 73
85 15
94 6
98 2
100
234
THE RATES AT WHICH
FOREIGN MONEY OR CURRENCY
IS TAKEN AT THE CUSTOM-HOUSE, NEW YORK.
Franc of France and Belgi-
um $0.18-6.
Florin of Netherlands.. 0.40 l
do. of Southern States
of Germany. 0.40
Guilder of Netherlands. .0.40
Livre Tournois of France 0.18
Lira of the Lombardo Ve-
netian Kingdom 0.16
Lira of Sardinia O-^ro
do. of Tuscany 0.16
Milrea of Portugal 1.12
do. of Azores 0.83J
Marc Banco of Hamburg 0.35
Pound Sterling of Great
Britain 4.84
Pound Sterling of the Brit-
ish Provinces of Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick,
Newfoundland, and Can-
ada $4.00
Pagoda of India 1 .84
Real Vellon of Spain 0.05
do. Plate of Spain 0.10
Rupee of British India 0.44.J
Specie Dollar of Denmark 1.05"
Rix Dollar or Thaler of
Prussia and the Northern
States of Germany 0.69
Rix Dollar of Bremen 0.78$
Rouble, silver, of Russia. . 0.75
Specie Dollar of Sweden
arid Norway 1.06
Florin of Austria 0.48
Ducat of Naples 0.80
Ounce of Sicily 2.40
Tale of China 1.48
Leghorn Livres 0.16
CURRENCIES BY USAGE,
When a Consular Certificate of the real value or Rate of Exchange is
not attached to the Invoice.
Current Marc $0.28
Crown of Tuscany 1.05
Florin of Prussia 0.22J
do. of Basle 0.41
Florence Livre 0.15
Geneva Livre 0.21
Jamaica Pound 5.00
Leghorn Dollar - 0.90
Livre of Catalonia 0.53J
Livre of Neufchatel $0.26
Paper Rouble varies from 4
roubles 65 copecks to 4 rou-
bles 84 copecks to the dollar.
Rix Dollar of Saxony 0.69
do. Rhenish 0.60|
Swiss Livre 0.27
Scuda of Malta 0.40
Turkish Piastre 0.05
VALUE OF FOREIGN GOLD COINS IN UNITED STATES CURRENCY*
Sovereigns of Gr. Britain $4.83
Doubloons, Spanish 16.00
do. Patriot 15.60
Napoleons $3.83
10 Thalers 7.82
10 Guilders .4,00
VALUE OF AMERICAN COIN IN FOREIGN CURRENCY.
Engli.
s& Sterling.
FT
ench.
German.
s. d.
1
fr. sous.
1
fin
\ld
. stiv.
One dollar
___
4 6 1-2
One dollar
__
5 7
1 One dollar
2
12
Half a dollar
__
2 31-41
Half a dollar
_
2 13
1 Half a dollar
_
1
6
25 cent piece
__
1 1 5-8 1
25 cent piece
=
I 63-4
1 25 cent piece
=
12
10 cent piece
5 cent piece
=
51-2
23-4]
110 cent piece
5 cent piece
z
10 6-8
53-8
10 cent piece
1 5 cent piece
A
47-8
23-8
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